Aeroponics, a cutting-edge cultivation technique, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its ability to maximize plant growth by providing optimal levels of oxygen to the roots. This innovative method suspends plant roots in an air-rich environment while periodically misting them with a nutrient-rich solution. In this scientific essay, we delve into the crucial role of root oxygenation in aeroponics, supported by empirical evidence and scholarly research.
Understanding the Importance of Oxygen
Oxygen, an essential element for plant respiration, plays a pivotal role in several critical physiological processes. In traditional soil-based cultivation, oxygen is often abundant in the root zone. However, in soilless systems like hydroponics and aeroponics, ensuring an adequate oxygen supply becomes paramount due to the absence of soil.
The primary functions of oxygen in plants include:
Cellular Respiration: Oxygen is essential for energy production through cellular respiration. During this process, plants convert stored sugars into energy, driving various metabolic activities crucial for growth and development.
Root Respiration: Roots require oxygen to respire and produce energy. In an oxygen-deficient environment, root respiration decreases, negatively impacting nutrient uptake and overall plant health.
Microbial Activity: Beneficial microbes in the root zone also rely on oxygen to carry out essential nutrient transformations and protect plants from pathogenic organisms.
Oxygen in Aeroponics: The Key to Success
Aeroponic systems excel at providing an oxygen-rich environment for plant roots. In these systems, roots are suspended in air, allowing for maximum exposure to oxygen. This elevated oxygen availability offers several advantages:
1. Enhanced Nutrient Uptake
Research conducted by Zhou et al. (2018) on lettuce cultivation in aeroponics revealed that plants exhibited improved nutrient uptake efficiency compared to traditional soil-based systems. The study attributed this enhancement to the abundance of oxygen surrounding the roots, which facilitated nutrient absorption.
Scientific Source: Zhou, Y., Xin, C., Shen, C., & Song, W. (2018). Nutrient uptake and growth of lettuce as influenced by root-zone temperature in aeroponic production. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1517.
2. Rapid Growth and Development
Aeroponically grown plants often exhibit accelerated growth rates and increased biomass. The ample oxygen supply supports robust root development, which, in turn, promotes nutrient absorption and overall plant vitality.
3. Disease Suppression
A well-oxygenated root zone discourages the proliferation of anaerobic pathogens that thrive in low-oxygen environments. As a result, aeroponically grown plants are less susceptible to root diseases, reducing the need for chemical interventions.
4. Efficient Resource Utilization
The enhanced oxygenation in aeroponics optimizes the efficiency of resource utilization. Plants can extract nutrients more effectively, reducing wastage and the environmental impact associated with excessive nutrient runoff.
Oxygen Dynamics in Aeroponics
Understanding the dynamics of oxygen in aeroponics is crucial for optimizing the growth of cultivated crops. Several factors influence the availability and utilization of oxygen in these systems:
1. Oxygen Saturation Levels
Aeroponic systems typically maintain oxygen saturation levels in the root zone ranging from 20% to 30%. This range ensures an abundant oxygen supply for roots to carry out respiration efficiently.
2. Oxygen Delivery Method
The misting system in aeroponics serves a dual purpose—delivering nutrients and oxygen. High-pressure misting nozzles create fine droplets that envelop the roots, allowing for effective oxygen transfer.
3. Environmental Factors
Environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and airflow impact oxygen availability. Growers can fine-tune these factors to optimize oxygen levels based on crop requirements.
Root Oxygenation in Practice
Practical implications arise from the scientific understanding of root oxygenation in aeroponics. Growers and researchers can implement strategies to maximize the benefits of this cultivation method:
1. Monitoring and Control
Continuous monitoring of oxygen levels in the root zone is essential. Oxygen sensors can provide real-time data, allowing growers to make timely adjustments to environmental conditions or misting intervals.
2. Root Health Assessment
Regular assessment of root health is crucial. Healthy, oxygenated roots appear white or light tan, while dark or brown roots may indicate oxygen deficiency or disease. Prompt corrective actions can prevent further damage.
3. Environmental Optimization
Fine-tuning environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and misting intervals can help maintain optimal oxygen levels. Growers should tailor these parameters to the specific needs of their crops.
4. Oxygenation Backup Systems
To ensure uninterrupted oxygen supply, backup systems, such as redundant air pumps or oxygen generators, can be employed. These systems act as fail-safes in case of primary oxygenation system failures.
Future Perspectives: Advancing Root Oxygenation
The importance of root oxygenation in aeroponics extends beyond current practices. Ongoing research explores innovative methods to further enhance oxygen availability to plant roots. Some of the promising areas of development include:
1. Advanced Mist Systems
Research is underway to develop misting systems that not only deliver nutrients efficiently but also optimize oxygen transfer. Innovations in nozzle design and mist generation techniques hold the potential to elevate root oxygenation.
2. Genetic Modification
Genetic modification of crops to enhance their oxygen uptake capabilities is a fascinating avenue. Researchers are exploring genetic traits that promote the development of more efficient root systems for improved respiration.
3. Artificial Intelligence Integration
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into aeroponic systems allows for dynamic control of environmental variables based on real-time data. AI-driven systems can ensure precise oxygen management, further enhancing crop performance.
Root oxygenation stands as a cornerstone of success in aeroponic cultivation. The ability to provide plants with an abundant oxygen supply is a defining feature of this innovative growing method. Scientific research has underscored the critical role of oxygen in nutrient uptake, disease prevention, and overall plant health.
As aeroponics continues to evolve, the optimization of root oxygenation remains a focal point for growers, researchers, and agricultural innovators. The practical implementation of monitoring, control, and environmental adjustments, coupled with ongoing advancements in misting technology and genetic research, promises to push the boundaries of what can be achieved in this revolutionary cultivation method.
The future of agriculture lies in our ability to harness the full potential of root oxygenation, paving the way for sustainable, high-yield crop production in an ever-changing world.
- Zhou, Y., Xin, C., Shen, C., & Song, W. (2018). Nutrient uptake and growth of lettuce as influenced by root-zone temperature in aeroponic production. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1517.


There is little need to pay an arm and a leg purchasing fertilizer from your local nursery when there are plenty of ways to get organic fertilizer for your garden for free. The best part is that since it is winter, you should have plenty of time to make the contacts you need to ensure that you have more flowers and produce more veggies while saving you water (which saves you time and money) during this year’s gardening season. All it takes is a bit of time and energy. Here are several ideas how you can procure organic fertilizer at no cost to you:
Animal Waste: Farm animal waste can be an excellent organic fertilizer for your garden and there are a lot of places that will give it to you for free since they would otherwise have to pay to dispose of it. Keep an eye open for businesses that need to dispose of animal waste & then make a contact. Stop in when you see a riding stable & ask if you can pick up a container of fertilizer. Locate the feed store closest to you and ask if you can post a “wanted” notice on a bulletin board. Put an ad on Craigslist and you’ll probably be blessed with several contacts willing to provide your garden with plenty of fertilizer.
Yard Waste: If you didn’t get all your fall leaves picked up or still have some piles in the yard, stick them into black trash bags. Take a sharp object and poke some air holes in the bags, close them up and store them in a place where they won’t freeze. Doing this will get them to begin to decompose and they will be ready to dig into your garden space come spring.
Egg Shells: Saving the egg shells that you use during the winter, grinding them up and placing them into your garden soil is an excellent way to improve the soil in your garden. If you don’t eat enough eggs yourself, a simple trip to a local restaurant that serves breakfast should give you plenty. All you need to do is politely ask and most places will give you the used shells as they would otherwise be thrown out with the trash.
Wood Chips / Sawdust: You also want to keep an eye open for businesses that work with wood for sawdust and wood chips. Both of these make great mulch and will cut down on the need to water your garden as often.
Coffee Grinds: Coffee stands regularly need to dispose of used coffee grounds, and while there is no real proof they provide nutrients to your soil, they do seem to add a non clumping sort of texture to my garden. Living in Starbucks land as I do (the Pacific NW), coffee grounds are prolific and again – free.
The remaining weeks of winter will barely be long enough if you start on this list now so that you have plenty of organic fertilizer when spring comes. Take a bit of time to make the contacts and watch your garden bloom and produce as it has never done so before this planing season.


You may only have a small balcony or a space on the window ledge, but it needn’t stop you taking your first steps at gardening. You can grow herbs indoors or salad leaves outside in a pot. If you have a garden but no space for a dedicated food plot, you can try planting fruit or vegetables amongst your flowers.
You could ask a neighbor with a large garden if you could cultivate a patch of ground. In return, you could offer some of your produce.
Thoughtful thoughts to your inbox


Principal activity of LLC “Bychok-1” is connected with the breeding of cattle.
Today the property of "Bychok-1" includes more than 1 500 hectares of agricultural land, cattle-breeding complex, granary and others buildings which are necessary for agricultural activity.
We develop meat and milk. We use the new technology – indoors livestock loose-boxed cattle.
Thoroughbred cattle are raised at the farm "Bychok-1", including breed cattle "limousine". Of this type of breed we get a "marbled" beef, which is very limited on the Russian market at the moment.
15, Miheevo village,
Komsomolsk district, Ivanovo region, Russia.Phone: +7 (4935) 220-585


Scripture often uses the metaphor of plowing to illustrate God’s work in our lives to prepare us to produce a harvest. “Plow up the hard ground of your hearts, for now is the time to seek the Lord, that he may come and shower righteousness upon you.” (Hosea 10:12)
In the rhythms of our lives, there are seasons of plowing. The topsoil of our lives turned over. Things get messy and disheveled as God is getting ready to plant seed in hearts where it will produce a rich harvest.
God doesn’t plow ground he is not going to plant. The plowing always has a purpose to it, and in today’s verse, we see the promise that the plowing will not last forever. The plowing is only a preparation for planting.
Isaiah goes on to say, “Does he not plant wheat in its place, barley in its plot, and spelt in its field. (Isaiah 28:25)
When God plants, he plants the right seed in the right soil. He makes no mistakes. All the preparation has a goal, and God is strategic in his work in our lives.
God may be using circumstances or people to turn over the topsoilof your life. You may feel as though the life you have worked so hard to keep smooth and presentable is being ripped up and destroyed. Maybe you’ve resisted the process. Maybe you keep trying to smooth it over and make it look like it used to, but to no avail. If you will surrender yourself to the Master’s Gardener’s work, you will see that you are being prepared a harvest.


Farmers to Families Food Box Shipments
This past year, The Gospel Mission was honored to be the recipient of three Farmers to Families Food Box trucks. The Farmers to Families Food Box Program was designed to put American farmers and distributors back to work while addressing increased demand at food banks, community and faith-based organizations, and other nonprofits serving Americans in need as a result of COVID-19. Since its creation in May of 2020, this new USDA program has successfully delivered over 110 million boxes of fresh and nutritious food grown by American farmers to underserved families across the country.
A pillar of helping the homeless and food-insecure in the Siouxland community, The Gospel Mission served as a distribution point for the community in October, November, and December, receiving roughly 1,000 boxes in each shipment.
The boxes contained staple groceries items from local Midwest producers and included things such as milk, cheese, yogurt, potatoes, fruit, various proteins, and more. The boxes varied in weight from 25-33 pounds each.
In order to best distribute each shipment, The Gospel Mission partnered with other local agencies including Sunnybrook Community Church, The Salvation Army, The Warming Shelter, Habitat for Humanity, Crittenton Center, Midstep Services, Dismas, and others to help distribute the food boxes directly to those most in need in Siouxland. Boxes were also given out from The Gospel Mission Food Pantry and two drive-through distributions at the Mission.
“We were truly blessed an honored to distribute over 3,000 boxes of food to those in need through the Farmers to Families program,” said Executive Director Paul Mahaffie. “A huge part of our mission is ‘To Feed the Hungry’, so to get to do it on such a large scale that benefitted the community was an awesome responsibility”.


This is not a food blog, but…
I’ve just spent 4 hours with a friend in my kitchen making 2.5 kilos of garlic herb butter. I can say with utmost confidence that it is GOOD. We’ve packaged it up in tubs for the fridge and foiled pats for the freezer but of course we had to taste test it as we went along. Total cost about $26 for 21 small takeaway containers worth (think coleslaw or gravy tubs). The cheapest garlic bread I can see is $3.50 for 3 rolls, which would have maybe one tub worth of butter on them (but not nearly as much garlic nor the herbs for taste). I bought an entire breadstick tonight for 60c, so my herb bread will cost me $1.80 and taste WAY better. Today came about because of my resolution to actually use the herbs I’m growing this year! So I made herb toast for the dinner party last month and it was quickly decided we should make more while the herbs were fresh. My rosemary, oregano and thyme bushes have had a good pruning today and I have been instructed to plant more of them for next year. 🙂
I wasn’t planting vegetables this year – I have plans for a new raised vegetable bed sometime in the future, but scrapped the old veggie beds which were too hot for the tomatoes and corn when I last used them and too full of oxalis to be sown with anything useful. I filled in the paths with some old manure and soil from some past pots from the terrace and basically tossed grass clippings across it all and threw multiple old packets of seed in. Of course I watered these old seeds and got a lovely display of sweet peas, Love in the Mist, cosmos and marigolds as well as a few carrots, some beetroot and a sunflower. In among these I eventually planted some tomatoes (which never got staked and between the extreme weather, the pelting rain, and the fruit lying on the ground where the birds could reach have produced pretty well), French butter beans (which decided to produce their entire crop over a span of 3 days) a few zucchini and small squash, it’s probably fortunate that over half of these died since instead of feeding the 4 people I was expecting to have by this time of year I’m only feeding one. I also put in some sweetcorn (which didn’t get enough water and then over aged during the 3 day heat wave – so I only got a couple of really nice cobs from it), some capsicum (the last surviving plant has a single flower on it now, no way it will have time to develop), and some cucumber seedlings (otherwise known as snail snacks).
So this (basil, parsley, dill, oregano, spring onion, french butter beans, and zucchini) became:
And these (I forgot to photograph the rest of the bucketful before I skinned them)
(Bolognese with chorizo – yum)
Not bad for a non vegetable garden year 😉
And my kitchen smells divine! Also I WANT a curved double bladed herb cutter. M brought one with her today and it was so much easier than a knife.


It’s a no-brainer that you need to keep your weeds and crab grass under control. But how can you best go about it? The best method is through the use of a pre-emergent herbicide, but let’s clear up all the myths out there first.
If you consider yourself a DIY type around the yard, you may have decided to go it alone when it comes to handling your lawn. If so, you’ll need to arm yourself with the knowledge on how to treat weeds of all kinds and at various stages in their growth. Let Twelve Oaks Landscape provide you with a few nuggets of information when it comes to the use of pre-emergent vs. post-emergent products for your turf. Our experienced team can help you determine the differences between the most important herbicides you can apply to keep those pesky weeds at bay.


General maintenance of gardens and houses. Pruning, sowing, irrigation and care Adecuandolo to the needs of each client.
Design of gardens, planning and design of horizontal and vertical gardens. We advise each client of each situation.
Treatments with the best products for each plant and care. We maintain the care of sustainable development.
We carry out maintenance services, pest control, installation of lawns, landscaping, pavements and walls.
Pruning of trees and shrubs, skewing the grass, planting flowers, trees and plants, pruning and treating palm trees, maintenance and care of swimming pools.
Endotherapy, solution against fumigations. Pest Control of processions, cochineals, aphids, Piniperda, Fitactora, Elm Galeruca, etc.
Advice and design of lawns for gardens, planting of natural pastures, installation of artificial turf. Maintenance and bias of natural turf.
Custom design of gardens, orchards, terraces to your liking, we adapt to the needs and preferences of each client.
Creation of fences with natural stone walls of marés, natural trails with flat stones, fencing of trees with stones.
We are a multidisciplinary team. With more than 10 years in the gardening and maintenance sector, for both individuals and companies.
We develop all kinds of projects. If they are big, for companies or public institutions. As we also do more specific jobs for individuals.


It was last Summer when I found this little
vegetable pot while junking with my sister....
Yet, it was too late to plant my veggie's.
I knew just what I was going to do with the pot.
But, I had to wait till this Spring to use it.
It was adorable...and it was $1.00!
I drilled some holes in the bottom..
filled it with some rocks and soil and added parsley.
Before my friend Susan left, she wanted to get us
started with our veggie garden.
We planted chard, sweet basil
We'll be adding lettuce, zucchini, cucumbers and beans....
Soon we will glean from the garden.
I can't wait!
What's in your garden?


The inclement temperature problems of winter can make a lawn weary. Adhering to a number of straightforward steps will support the garden recuperate its lush green coloration and flourish. Raking, restoring damaged areas, renovating the lawn’s visual appeal and right fertilizer programs restore a garden to its pre-winter glory.
New Lawn Progress
In the course of the chilly wintertime months, grass enters a point out of dormancy. It will cease growing which makes its standard visual appeal grow to be ragtag. Its lack of development in the course of the wintertime also can make it much more inclined to harm from freezing, drainage concerns and snow accumulation. In get for the grass to flourish and expand properly, the wintertime damage need to be fixed.
Prior to endeavor spring lawn care, let the location to dry out. A moist or soggy lawn can maintain harm when cultivated. The roots will be simply pulled from the soil and the blades bent or broke. When the garden has dried out, it need to be completely raked to support aerate the soil. Raking will take away gathered winter season debris. It will also open up up the soil and the grass blades to create air circulation. Great air circulation close to the crown of the crops and every single blade of grass will help stop fungal difficulties from developing. A basic tough tine rake performs sufficiently to assist get rid of useless grass crops and lawn debris or a garden vacuum or leaf blower for more substantial lawns can aid with more substantial lawns.
Moss and thatch buildup can happen from the lengthy winter months. A garden that suffers abnormal thatch or moss buildup will advantage from a scarification remedy. Scarification should by no means consider place if there is nonetheless any risk of spring frosts. Consider doing scarification in mid-April or later. If the garden has excessive moss, use a moss killer two to three months before scarification. The garden should be freshly mown and moderately wet to productively scarify it. Use a hand spring bok rake or a driven scarifier. The objective is to tear up the thatch, dead grass vegetation and any weeds. The grass will normally experience in depth visual harm following scarification. If bare patches arise, take into account patching the places by reseeding.
Spring is the best time to deal with pending weed. In locations the place crab grass is a dilemma, use a pre-emergence crabgrass weed killer to the lawn in the course of the 1st weeks of April. Stay away from utilizing a crabgrass weed killer that is made up of fertilizers. Fertilizing the garden way too early will result in a weak root program. Right after implementing the pre-emergence weed killer, h2o the lawn with about 1/2 inch of drinking water. Mowing the garden to a height of 2 inches will also assist control spring weeds. Crabgrass seeds get started to germinate when the soil temperature reaches sixty levels Fahrenheit so remedy with a pre-emergence weed killer will help avert the seeds from germinating.
Fertilizing in the spring replenishes the grass plant’s meals supply. The fertilizer will encourage the grass to build healthier, new growth and a strong root technique. An ample, well balanced fertilizer will generate a thick lawn that will be ready to a lot more very easily fight weeds by choking them out. Use fertilizer when the grass begins to present signs of breaking dormancy. Grass roots will increase when the temperature is among fifty five to 65 levels Fahrenheit. Its leading development will build when the temperature reaches sixty to 75 levels Fahrenheit. Never ever fertilize a garden also early in the spring due to the fact the new development may possibly endure injury if a late spring frost should strike. Use a balanced spring lawn fertilizer and stay away from substantial-nitrogen mixes. A high-nitrogen primarily based garden fertilizer will encourage the lawn to expand and develop a deep eco-friendly coloration but a shallow root technique. The shallow roots will be unable to endure a summertime drought.
Use fertilizer apps to the garden in mid-May possibly. Use a fertilizer that offers at least one pound of nitrogen for each one,000 sq. ft of lawn space. Accu Lawn Systems will usually have general application guidelines. Following implementing the fertilizer, be certain to saturate the lawn to stop the grass blades from sustaining harm from the fertilizer. Nitrogen can burn off grass blades. A gradual release nitrogen fertilizer has the minimum chance of accidentally harming the grass.
New Year Overseeding
If the lawn suffers from bare places or a patchy visual appeal it can gain from spring seeding. Garden seeds will not germinate until the soil reaches 65 levels Fahrenheit, so keep away from seeding the garden if it continues to be also cold. The perfect time to overseed an current garden is usually after mid-April. Seed Kentucky bluegrass at a fee of 1.five lbs . for each 1,000 square feet, use three lbs . of fantastic fescue grass seeds for each 1,000 square feet or use six lbs of tall fescue for every one,000 toes. Spreading straw mulch throughout the freshly laid seeds will assist preserve them from blowing away and will also support keep the seeds moist. Routinely water the recently laid seeds and stay away from allowing them to dry out. The seeds need even humidity to effectively germinate. Typically a single bale of straw per 1,000 toes will adequately shield the seeds. When seeding a lawn in the spring, take into account employing a starter fertilizer that consists of Tupersan to stay away from a crabgrass infestation.


Most folks know that ag subsidies artificially prop up prices for farm products here in the US and Western Europe. For some reason, we have a romantic notion of farmers as something more than just another profession and thus we prop up farms that would otherwise succumb, even though doing so hurts farmers in less-developed nations and makes us poorer. Think of it like, robbing Peter to pay Paul, while at the same time sticking it to Jose. And, since the time of FDR, that’s been all well and good.
Now, though, it has gone too far. As Jacob reports, biofuel subsidies are beginning to impact barley prices, as farmers switch from barley to corn, which means that beer prices may go up. In other words, fewer barley crops equals more expensive beer because barley is used to make malt, which, if you didn’t already know, is a critical ingredient of beer.
Here is the whole sad story.


Palm Beach Area Irrigation Repairs & Installations
The summer shouldn’t be spent toiling over yard work, fretting about water bills, or untangling a hose. This is why many homeowners are installing lawn irrigation systems in Palm Beach County to help save on time and money. Plus when properly installed and utilized, lawn irrigation systems are even effective at conserving water. They are great for those who travel during the hot summer months, or who own large yards full of plants or uneven surfaces. Once installed, irrigation systems can be programmed to effectively water and sustain a healthy looking lawn. At PMI Remodeling and Repairs, our team of professionals can set up a new irrigation system or repair your existing system.
Money can be saved by installing an irrigation system. Summer used to be the time of high water bills due to the constant struggle to keep a lawn looking green and healthy. With an installed irrigation system, a Palm Beach homeowner can expect a lower, steady bill with no surprises. Irrigation systems will save water by turning on and off at a consistent time, and because they target the roots of a lawn the amount of run-off is kept to a minimum.
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- Irrigation Systems For Your South Florida Lawn
Perhaps you are taking advantage of the reduced price of houses these days and moving in to a home that has a lawn irrigation system. These are also called a sprinkler system. When you are checking around for a home inspector consider using one that has inspected these systems before, most home inspectors are not…Read More


Legislation is pending in the House of Representatives and in the Senate to expand the state's industrial hemp research program.
In 2014, lawmakers passed House Bill 2238 which permits the Department of Agriculture to license farmers to grow industrial hemp for research purposes. Pending legislation this session seeks to expand this program to stimulate hemp cultivation and commerce.
Hemp is a distinct variety of the plant species cannabis sativa L. that contains minimal amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. Various parts of the plant can be utilized in the making of textiles, paper, paints, clothing, plastics, cosmetics, foodstuffs, insulation, animal feed and other products. The crop is commercially cultivated throughout the world.
It is time to allow Missouri farmers the opportunity to explore this emerging market.
Please visit NORML's 'Take Action Center' to contact your House and Senate members and urge their support for these measures.
The NORML Team


Ruukki's long-term work in the spinning mill on ecological, social, cultural and economically sustainable alpaca fiber production has been recognized in the form of the Golden Alpaca label awarded by the Peruvian International Alpaca Association (IAA). The organization has been in operation since 1984 and during these years 49 international companies have been accepted as members. The most recent is Ruukki's spinning mill in the ironworks village of Mathildedal.
The Ostavastuullisesti.fi website was launched to encourage Finns to change their consumption habits and to make responsible purchasing decisions. The expert panel approved the full range of Mathildedal's Ruukki spinning mill alpaca product collection on the site.


|Wheatfield with Crows, by Vincent Van Gogh (via)|
Yet another serendipitous delight from the BBC radio iplayer - a farming programme about The Field of Wheat, a bit of "social art" that involved a 22 acre wheatfield - combining agriculture, art, science, economics. Up to 60 people could "buy in" to the project, with the hope that they'd make a little profit on their investment at the end of the year. They collaborated on decisions like how much nitrogen fertiliser to use and where to sell the crop, but the farmer (Peter Lundgren) decided the practical things, like when to harvest.
This is part of a global art project - the idea behind it is to bring farming, and the decisions the farming industry makes, to a wider audience. "Having a conversation with the general public" - trying to understand wat they think about the importance of farming.
Artist Ruth Levene made some interesting comments about "framing", which is something that can be applied to any artwork. (I take framing to mean how is the artwork contained and how does it sit in its context, and that the frame sets the work apart under the label "art".) This is my transcription of what she said:
When does a field of wheat become a work of art, she was asked. "I think for us it's about framing the land and framing the story. What we're interested in is how the world works and how we perceive the world and often people are busy doing their own thing and they see this field of wheat from one particular perspective.
In one sense we don't see it as much different from a framed picture. It's just our frame goes on in time and a bit further on in space. We're taking a landscape, we're taking a subject, in this case wheat, and we're putting a frame around it but we want to invite people in to make that live, to have that discussion, and following the wheat itself means that we have to see it from seed to harvest, and so the frame is just expanded, and in it we invite people not to just look but to speak and to listen and be involved."
They say great art has the power to move people, said the interviewer - do you think this field has done that? "Yes - I think together there has been times where ... everyone goes on their own journey to this, and everyone has come to this field of wheat from a very different place and a very different politics, and to share those with other people means that they'll see the same field maybe through a different lens, and I think there's time to do that where people have realised that their own perspective is not the only one."
A "meeting house" was built of straw bales roofed with a tarpaulin - at one end was a window, "framing" a view of the field, now cut to golden stubble, bringing everyone back to that focus on the 22 acres. Talks about to takeplace were about the changing relationship of art and culture to agriculture (including rituals and rural celebrations, and ways of reinventing them for our age), and about "harder" topics like the global grain market.
Visual artist Shelley Castle has used soil samples from the field as pigments -
|Subtle, beautiful, rich colours of the earth (via)|
She has made a 7-foot long scroll with drawings of insects that have been found on field surveys. A baker made bread from some of the harvested wheat - a loaf that needs no kneading and goes into a cold oven, proves at 110 degrees C for half and hour to prove it, and then you turn the oven up to 180 degrees for an hour to cook it.
A year in the life of a wheat field is summarised by John Lewis-Stempel (here), author of The Running Hare: the secret life of farmland, which was a Book of the Week on Radio 4. (Yes, BBC radio is the mainstay of my entertainment, information, and enlightenment. Glory be!)
The Running Hare "recalls an era before open-roofed factories and silent, empty fields, recording the ongoing destruction of the unique, fragile, glorious ploughland that exists just down the village lane.
But it is also the story of ploughland through the eyes of man who took on a field and husbanded it in a natural, traditional way, restoring its fertility and wildlife, bringing back the old farmland flowers and animals."
|Wheatfield - A Confrontation, Battery Park Landfill, downtown Manhattan, 2 acres |
of wheat planted & harvested, summer 1982 (via)
Another wheatfield is a land art project by Agnes Denes, grown on derelict urban land. "In Wheatfield - A Confrontation, Denes examined the natural cycles of growth and regeneration. Her stated purpose was to call "people's attention to having to rethink their priorities." She constructed the wheatfield on a landfill near the World Trade Center, an unlikely spot for crop production. Two assistants and some volunteers helped her remove trash from the 4 acres of land, spread 225 truckloads of topsoil, and plant 1.8 acres of wheat. She contends the work would not have been possible without numerous volunteers who arrived at random to help ... An irrigation system was installed to sustain and regulate the wheat's growth cycle over four months. In summer, the green wheat stalks stretched skyward and turned a brilliant amber by early autumn. In the late fall, the artist harvested a thousand pounds of the grain."
|by Constable (via)|
|by Elizabeth Moore Golding (via)|
|Vincent Van Gogh, Wheatfield with cornflowers (via)|


this weekend most farmers were able to wrap up the harvest. it was another tough year with rain, snow, wind and freezing temps, but they're out in it, persisted and got things done. farmers are some of the hardest working people i think i know! so if you know one, say thank you for what they do.
Taken 7:21 AM on November 11, 2017
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2 edition of Phosphorus compounds in palm oil. found in the catalog.
Phosphorus compounds in palm oil.
Wai Lin Siew
MSc thesis, Biological Sciences.
This is in addition to the interim dividend @ % on equity shares of Rs.2/- each (i.e. Rs per equity share). United Phosphorus has informed that the name of United Phosphorous Ltd. shall be changed to UPL Ltd. and the trading symbol of the Company be changed from UNIPHOS to UPL w.e.f. Octo ESR Award for UPL Mexico. Traditional coconut oil is produced in homes mostly in rural areas where dry coconuts are scraped and then the milk is extracted. Thereafter, the milk is heated over a high temperature going up to °C, allowing the oil to collect at the top of the pan. Coconut oil has two main fractions, says Prof. Seneviratne, getting into the chemical details.
An optimized refining process for kenaf seed oil was conducted. The 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) contents, triacylglycerol composition, fatty acids composition, bioactive compounds, phosphorus contents, and oxidation indexes of the kenaf seed oil during each Cited by: 2. Chemically modifying vegetable oils to produce an alternative to petroleum-based materials is one of the most important emerging industrial research areas today because of the adverse effects of petroleum products on the environment and the shortage of petroleum resources. Biolubricants, bioplasticizers, non-isocyanate polyurethanes, biofuel, coating materials, biocomposites, and other value Cited by:
Chemicals are all chemical compounds produced by chemical processes in the lab or can be pure substances or mixtures of substances. Chemicals are divided into organic and inorganic c chemistry covers practically all the carbon-containing compounds, while inorganic chemistry (inorganic matter) relates to the other elements of the periodic table and their compounds. Organophosphate poisoning is poisoning due to organophosphates (OPs). Organophosphates are used as insecticides, medications, and nerve agents. Symptoms include increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, vomiting, small pupils, sweating, muscle tremors, and confusion. While onset of symptoms is often within minutes to hours, some symptoms can take weeks to : Organophosphates.
Where on earth are we?
Como Funciona O Telefone
Sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in Tanzania
Soviet economy in 1978-79 and prospects for 1980
European company law in accelerated progress
metallurgy of the common metals, gold, silver, iron (and steel), copper, lead and zinc
Traditional Australian Cooking; 400 Classic Recipes
The major phospholipids of palm oil derived from ethanolic extract of palm-pressed fiber were similar to those of soybean, which consists of 35–46 wt% PC and 25–27% PE (Choo et al., ).Fatty acid compositions of palm phospholipids are more unsaturated with higher linoleic acid content, compared with triacylglycerol in crude palm oil (Choo et al., ).
Introduction. The oil palm tree was first introduced into Malaysia (then Malaya) in the early s by European planters. After the independence of Malays from the British, the Malaysian Government diversified the country's agricultural practices and encouraged a shift from the cultivation of rubber to oil palm in plantations in the s and s in order to break the dependence on a single Cited by: 5.
Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives 1St Supplement to the Determination of content of isolated trans-unsaturated compounds by infrared spectrophotometry V. (PAT) value of raw linseed oil Determination of phosphorus by direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometryFile Size: 1MB.
Soil Nutrient Analysis: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. JoVE, Cambridge, MA, (). Principles. When chemically isolated from soil, nutrients can be detected using this technique. Nitrogen and phosphorus, typically found in the form of nitrates and phosphates, are extracted with a chemical extractant that will bind the nutrient of interest.
Palm oil comes from the plant Elaeis guineensis, and the world’s largest producer is Malaysia. Palm oil is semi-solid at room temperature and has a balanced ratio of unsaturated and fatty. from the palm oil mills and they made up 30% of CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF OIL DROPLETS FROM PALM OIL MILL SLUDGE CHOW, M C * and HO, C C** * Malaysian Palm Oil Board, P.O.
BoxKuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ** Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, 2, Persiaran Cempaka, Amanjaya, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia.
ABSTRACTFile Size: KB. The oil palm tree is an ancient tropical plant that originated from West Africa. Palm oil has centuries’ long use as food and medicine. This review covers the recent significant materials found.
Opportunities and Challenges of Microalgal Cultivation on Wastewater, with Special Focus on Palm Oil Mill Effluent and the Production of High Value Compounds.
When producers pay special attention to managing phosphorus (P), it can lead to profitable crop production. The best way to use fertilizers to meet P requirements changes with crop, soil properties and environmental conditions.
Finding the best P source Inorganic commercial P fertilizers have evolved over the last several decades into a refined, predictable product.
Plus, there are the organic. More than a single food or food category may be interested in this way. For these reasons, three peculiar indicators—water footprint, carbon footprint (concerning the energetic consumption), and phosphorus footprint (with reference to pesticides and other similar chemical compounds)—are popular at Author: Suresh D.
Sharma, Arpan R. Bhagat, Salvatore Parisi. The phosphorus cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and many other biogeochemical cycles, the atmosphere does not play a significant role in the movement of phosphorus, because phosphorus and phosphorus-based compounds are usually solids at the typical ranges of temperature and pressure found on Earth.
Activities in oil palm plantation development that result in air pollution are tabulated in Table Water pollution due to use of agro-chemicals.
Impacts. Water pollution for the proposed oil palm plantation development can be mainly due to usage and application of. Besides palm oil besides have a primary root in size (mm) out from the base of the root.
A secondary root (mm), third roots (mm) while the quartener roots (mm) and third roots and quartener root mm long and is the root of the chief absorbing H2O and foods.
Cows were randomly assigned to receive dietary treatments according to a 4×4 Latin square design to investigate the effect of condensed tannins (CT) and saponins (SP) from rain tree pod meal (RPM) with palm oil (PO) on feed intake, digestibility, microbial protein synthesis and microbial population in Cited by: 8.
Determination of Carotenoid content in raw Palm Oil Cool in a desiccator containing phosphorus pentoxide or equivalent dessicant and weigh. Heat in the oven for a further period of 1 hour, cool and weigh.
Pycnometer method / I.S.I. Hand book of Food analysis (PartXIII)page 72) Determination of the Refractive IndexFile Size: 1MB. In order to contribute to developing appropriate and efficient schemes for phosphorus fertilizer, the influence of different management practices such as chemical fertilizer application and frond heaping on the distribution of soil phosphorus (P) were investigated in three oil palm fields with planting ages of 5, 10 and 18 years in Pahang, Peninsular by: 1.
Certainly, the first two rows of the periodic table and phosphorus in the third row (phosphate in phospholipids) would suffice.
One only needs to use some simple rules of shell-filling to get by. Better yet, buy a text on general chemistry and learn the basics/5(). The edible oil contained in the mesocarp of palm fruit can be extracted using different methods, with the most common known as wet or dry processes .
Crude palm oil (CPO, known also as red palm oil, RPO), extracted either by wet or dry processes, contains both healthy beneficial compounds, such as triacylglycerols (TAGs), vitamin E, carotenoids,Cited by: This same view is held in the Oil Palm Industry, particularly in the area of Palm Oil Production.
The Big difference between Nigeria’s Palm Oil and Malaysia’s Palm Oil. Now let me ask you a question. Which of the two images in the picture below contain Palm oil. If you said the image on the right, you are correct. Phosphorus: Phosphorus is an essential mineral that is usually found in nature combined with oxygen as phosphate.
Most phosphate in the human body is in bone, but phosphate-containing molecules (phospholipids) are also important components of cell membranes and lipoprotein particles, such as good (HDL) and bad (LDL) cholesterol. A prerequisite for physical refining is that phosphatides be removed to a level below 5 mg phosphorus/kg oil.
In the classic refining process, this level is easily achieved during the neutralisation stage, but special degumming processes may be required for physical refining of high-phosphatide seed oils.Oils and fats are almost ubiquitous in food processing, whether naturally occurring in foods or added as ingredients that bring functional benefits.
Whilst levels of fat intake must be controlled in order to avoid obesity and other health problems, it remains the fact that fats (along with proteins and carbohydrates) are one of the three macronutrients and therefore an essential part of a.- - - - - - - - Mixtures consisting mainly of chemicals containing a phosphorus atom to which is bonded one methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl group, but no other carbon atoms kg


UNION OF WINEMAKING COOPERATIVES OF SAMOS
The “Samos” wine produced from the well-known variety of the “White Moschato” Grape comes from an ideal combination of the local soil and the Aegean sun. The vineyards extend across the slopes of Mount Ambelos and as high as 800 metres into the mountains, perched between sun and sky. Ancient low stone walls were built to hold and drain the valuable earth coming consecutive terraces, narrow strips of land which often allow only one row of vines to be properly cultivated. Among all sweet wines of the world, the unique «Samos» wine come as a product of a blessed ecosystem combined harmonically with advanced technological practices respectful both to Nature and Tradition.
The “UNION” was founded in 1934 with the participation of twenty six (26) local co-operatives representing all the vine growers of the island. By forming this compulsory “Union”, the desperate peasants managed at last to protect their rights and bring a halt to their exploitation by the negotiants and vine merchants. From then until today the UNION OF WINEMAKING COOPERATIVES OF SAMOS gathers the vine crop of the island and makes wine in its two traditional wineries situated at Malagari and Karlovassi having the exclusive authority to sell it all over the world. The Union, which has no counterpart elsewhere in Greece, supports the income of the vine growers of Samos and advertises the economic profile of the island.
MUSEUM OF SAMOS WINES
The Museum of Samos Wine in Malagari takes you on a journey through winemaking history and culture. It opened its gates on July 30th ,2005. The building, amazing in its architecture, had many uses throughout the years. It has been used as a winery, as a barrel-making factory, etc. The visitor can see up close the huge barrels, the tools of the barrel-makers, old pumps, presses and filters used by old winemakers. One will also find the full range of the awarded Samos wines for tasting and purchasing.
|Return to Samos Guide|


In the realm of global trade, India stands as a formidable player, especially in the agricultural sector. With its vast land resources, diverse climatic conditions, and rich agricultural heritage, India has the potential to dominate the world market in agro-exports. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the intricacies of India's agricultural prowess, the quality and diversity of its produce, strategies for market penetration and expansion, and the crucial role played by the agro-export industry in empowering the nation's economy.
Exploring India's Agricultural Potential
India's agricultural landscape is as diverse as it is vast. From the fertile plains of Punjab to the lush greenery of Kerala, each region offers a unique blend of crops and produce. The country boasts of being one of the largest producers of staples such as rice, wheat, and pulses, alongside being a significant player in fruits, vegetables, spices, and cash crops.
Moreover, India's agriculture is not just about quantity but also quality. With advancements in farming techniques, irrigation systems, and the adoption of organic practices, Indian farmers are producing high-quality, premium-grade produce that meets international standards. This quality assurance has been instrumental in establishing India as a reliable source for agro products in the global market.
Leveraging Quality and Diversity of Indian Produce
The key to India's success in the agro-export market lies in its ability to leverage the quality and diversity of its produce. From the aromatic Basmati rice of the foothills of the Himalayas to the succulent Alphonso mangoes of Maharashtra, Indian agricultural products are renowned for their distinct flavours, textures, and nutritional value.
Furthermore, India's geographical and climatic diversity enables year-round production of various crops, ensuring a steady and consistent supply to meet the demands of international markets. This flexibility gives Indian exporters an edge over their competitors, allowing them to cater to diverse preferences and seasonal fluctuations across different regions of the world.
Strategies for Market Penetration and Expansion
While India's agricultural potential is undeniable, effectively penetrating and expanding into global markets requires strategic planning and execution. One of the primary strategies is to establish strong trade partnerships and collaborations with international buyers, distributors, and retailers.
Additionally, investing in market research and understanding consumer preferences and trends in target markets is crucial for tailoring products and packaging to meet specific requirements. This customization not only enhances the competitiveness of Indian agro-exports but also fosters long-term relationships with customers, leading to repeat business and brand loyalty.
Furthermore, leveraging digital platforms and e-commerce channels can significantly expand the reach of Indian agro products to international consumers, especially in the wake of the digital revolution and the growing trend of online shopping.
Empowering India's Agro-Export Industry
The agro-export industry plays a pivotal role in empowering India's economy by generating employment, boosting rural incomes, and contributing to foreign exchange earnings. As one of the leading exporters of agricultural products, India has the potential to further strengthen its position by adopting modern technologies, streamlining supply chains, and investing in infrastructure development.
Moreover, government initiatives aimed at promoting agro-exports, such as the Agricultural Export Policy and the National Agricultural Market (eNAM), are instrumental in providing a conducive environment for farmers and exporters to thrive.
By focusing on sustainability, fair trade practices, and value addition, India can not only expand its market share but also enhance the socio-economic well-being of millions of people involved in the agro-export value chain.
India's journey to conquer the world market in agro-exports is a testament to its agricultural prowess, quality produce, strategic initiatives, and the resilience of its farming community. By capitalizing on its strengths, addressing challenges, and embracing innovation, India can emerge as a global leader in agro-exports, catering to the diverse needs of consumers worldwide.
As we navigate the complexities of international trade and strive for sustainable development, let us recognize the vital role played by the agro-export industry in shaping India's future as a powerhouse in the global economy.


Plant Green Beans
Green beans are easy to plant and easy to grow. They are so rewarding for children because they sprout very quickly. When my kids planted these ones they actually sprouted within 24 hours!!
What will you need
3 or 4 inch jiffy pots
Bush Bean seeds (these are green beans)
- Fill jiffy pots with soil, use your finger to make a small hole in the soil in the middle of the pot.
- Put one seed in the hole and cover it with soil
- pour some water over the soil
- place in a warm area that gets sunlight


Even if you were closed in your home for the past few years, you would have noticed that the avocados are almost everywhere and in everything! This green fruit is constantly added to almost every dish and meal, it is used by almost every restaurant, and in almost every home. This is because the fruit is one of the richest sources of Vitamins B5, B6, C, K and E, also contains huge amounts of potassium and it is high in fiber, the fats that are contained inside it are healthy for our heart.
But the downside of the so called “avocado trend” is that the price of the avocado fruit has raised for more than 25%, this is because the people are buying it, and the stores want to increase their profit on it. If you are looking for a way to have a fresh, and organic avocado and also you want to save some money then you just need to grow an avocado tree at home. When we mention the word tree, you think that you will need a huge space to place it in your home, but that is not the case. The avocado tree is small and it is very easy to grow.
If you think that you will get avocados right away, well that won’t happen. But if you spend some time and give it some love, you will surely be having fully grown organic avocados by the time you think that the tree is not fully grown. So, go get your garden gloves and get ready.
How To Grow An Avocado Tree From Seed
Get a fresh avocado, carefully get the seed out and clean it, and find which end is bottom and which end is top. Get the toothpicks and stick them in the seed, make sure they are equally distanced from each other and they are stick inside the seed about halfway down. Then fill up a glass of water and put the seed inside it, the toothpicks will keep it soaked in only an inch of water. But if you want to make this part of the process even easier, go get yourself a seed sprouting kit!
The seed shouldn’t be exposed to direct sunlight, but it should spend its time in a warm place until it has grown a stem for at least 6 inches and the roots can be seen. This growing process can take from 2 weeks up to 6 weeks, and at that point you should cut the stem back to 3 inches. Once it has grown more leaves and the stem has reached 6 inches again, it is ready for planting.
Get the largest plant pot you have at home. Make sure it is at least 10 inches in diameter, and it has a hole on the bottom, which is for drainage. Get nutrient rich soil and fill the pot with it, make a small hole on the top which will be used to put the seed inside it. Put the seed there, and make sure it is not very deep inside. Also one half of the seed should be out of the soil. Also you can go and buy yourself an avocado planter.
Once you have planted the avocado tree, you can place it in an area of your home where there is constant sunlight area. You need to water the tree regularly, make sure that the soil is moist all the time, but not saturated.
If you see any of the leaves getting dry and brown, obviously the plant needs more water. To solve this problem quickly, get the pot and put it in the sink. Once it is there turn on the water and let it run through the soil for a minute, and make sure you have drained any excess water, then get the plant out of your sink and put it back in its place.
If you see the leaves to turn droop and yellow, than the plant is getting more water than it needs. To solve this problem, simply don’t water the plant for a day or so, and then when you water it, lower the amount a little bit.
Take care of the tree, water regularly like it requires you to, if you want it to flourish. Besides that you have a few years to wait before you harvest the fully grown organic avocado fruits, take care of it, because once it does start to grow them, you can enjoy your own homegrown avocado fruits, that are 100% organic and delicious!


With fall approaching peak splendor and the final bunches of herbs being picked, I find myself reflecting on the my little backyard garden. I am always happy for our successes but the failures nag at me. Sometimes overshadowing the good and causing me to rethink just about every move I made. And of course there’s the cursed weather. Too much rain, not enough rain, too hot, too cool a spring. WHY CAN’T IT EVER BE PERFECT!
Last year I was lamenting our dismal crop of tomatoes (see Spice Rubbed Chicken with Fresh Tomato, Olive & Basil Salad made with tomatoes not from my garden). This year? COMPLETELY different story. The tomato gods cooperated and the produced a bumper crop!
An interesting variety too, although I can’t remember the specific name but for about a 4-week period, the plants produced a near record amount of sweet, little Roma-shaped fruits that ended up in salads and salsas. In hopes of preserving these little gems beyond harvest time, we turned to our old, trusty Ronco Food Dehydrator and got busy.
Oil packed tomatoes have countless uses but our favorite way to enjoy them is very simply with linguine, garlic and a little parsley. It’s a dish we used to cook frequently back in our downtown-Chicago-condo-no kids days. Although back then we used store bought brand oil packed dried tomatoes. And hey, nothing wrong with that! Just be sure you select a top notch brand (our favorite after much trial and error, is still California Sun-Dry Brand).
I still recommend trying your hand at drying tomatoes at home. You will be amazed how easy it is and how even with off-season grocery store tomatoes, you can achieve fresh, intense flavor. Having a dehydrator is handy, but your oven and a baking sheet work just as well. Instructions for drying your own tomatoes at home come after the recipe.
Other than canning sauce this is the next best way (in my opinion) to preserve the summer tomato bounty. It was a good harvest indeed.
- 12 ounces dried linguine pasta
- 1 jar (about 8 oz.) oil-packed sun dried tomatoes
- 3 large cloves of garlic, very thinly sliced
- 1/4 cup chopped fresh parsley or basil
- Kosher salt and coarsely ground black pepper
Drain tomatoes and reserve oil. Place about 2 TBS of the reserved oil in a non-stick skillet over medium heat. Add sliced garlic and saute just until fragrant, under 1 minute (do not let the garlic brown). Add reserved tomatoes and turn heat to low. Stir to combine then turn off heat and cover pan.
In the meantime, cook linguine according to package directions until al dente. Drain pasta but do not rinse. Add pasta and parsley to the pan with the tomatoes and the garlic, stirring to combine. Add additional reserved oil if desired, and salt and pepper to taste. Serve immediately.
Serves 2 as a meatless entree, or 4 as a side dish
~How to Make Dried Tomatoes at Home~
- About 6 cups fresh cherry tomatoes
- Italian seasoning blend, about 1 TBS
- Kosher salt
- Extra Virgin olive oil
- Sprigs of fresh basil or thyme
Prepare the tomatoes by cutting each in half, trimming out the core in the middle. Using a paring knife, carefully scrape seeds from each tomato. Sprinkle each tomato half with some of the herb mixture and a pinch of salt.
Arrange tomatoes cut side up onto drying trays. Dry for about 4-5 hours, then turn halves over and press flat with our finger or a spoon and return to drying. Check occasionally, rotating racks and removing tomatoes that are finished. Finished tomatoes should be dried, but still pliable and chewy.
Preheat oven to 170°. Arrange tomato halves, cut side up on a rack set inside a sheet pan). Bake for about 10 hours, checking every couple of hours or so and flipping over if necessary. Depending size of tomatoes, they may take longer to dry. Just make sure they are shriveled but still chewy.
Place dried tomatoes in a glass jar. Add in a few sprigs of basil or thyme, then pour in olive oil to cover. Cover jar and store in refrigerator if not using within 24 hours.


Bulk Purchase of Seeds
Time Jean and Souvena Claude struggled to make their small family farm in Haiti a success, but, without the means to buy seeds in bulk, they could not produce the large harvests needed for a thriving farm.
A 2014 visit to a FINCA branch finally gave them the opportunity of their dreams. With access to a loan, they purchased shallot and bean seeds in bulk. They used the profits from that harvest, along with subsequent FINCA loans, to diversify their crops, giving them the dependable livelihood they had struggled for twenty years to build.
Grateful for their success, Time and Souvena are committed to building a brighter future for their entire community and helped open a primary school in an unused building on their farm.


Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR) MSc Scholarship in Agronomy, 2022/2023-2023/24 Academic year
The Department of Crop and Soil Sciences is inviting applications from highly motivated and suitably qualified persons to apply for the Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR) MSc Scholarship in Agronomy, 2022/2023-2023/24 Academic year, Bunda campus. This is a full MSc scholarship. The successful candidate will conduct research under a project titled ‘Malawi AgroEcological Intensification Hub’ supported the Mc Knight Foundation CCRP.
Eligibility and desirable attributes
- Candidates must have already been admitted at LUANAR in MSc Agronomy program starting the first semester of 2022/23 academic year.
- A Bachelor of Science in Agronomy or Agriculture with at least a credit.
- Self-motivated and creative
- Good communication and analytical skills
- A high degree of personal integrity
Please include the following in your application package:
- One page motivation letter describing your academic and research background, and your plans for graduate study under the scholarship
- Academic transcripts
- Copies of certificates Admission letter for the MSc Agronomy program at LUANAR
- Curriculum Vitae with three traceable referees
Send the package to the following address:
The Head, of Crop and Soil Sciences Department Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural resources (LUANAR). PO Box 219, Lilongwe.
Or via email Email : [email protected]
Copy [email protected]
Applications should reach the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences by 24 June, 2022 at the latest.
The Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources is a university outside Lilongwe, Malawi. It was formed in 2011 by a merger between Bunda College of Agriculture of the University of Malawi and Natural Resources College.


By reproducing this message, SecureCattle® prevents the negative consequences of stress.
SecureCattle® is an analogue of the soothing maternal pheromone of the cows (BAP: Bovin Appeasing Pheromone). Its diffusion allows the optimization of the animal's potential in breeding by preventing the negative effects of stress.
SecureCattle prevents the negative effects of stress. Morbidity of calves and young cattle during :
- Adaptation to a new surrounding
Optimization of milking :
- Significant increase of the quantity of milk
- Reduced number of somatic cells
- Easier delivering of fetal envelops
- Optimization of growth
- Food-conversion index
- Optimization of pH evolution in the meat after slaughter
Prevents the negative effects of stress triggered by every breeding methods, rearing, transport, milking, manipulations, adaptation to a new surrounding, social competition, waiting at slaughter house, in calves, dairy cows, meat cattle, mating cattle.
SecureCattle facilitates the strategies to reduce the use of drugs in every kind of cattle production.
At calving, the cow secretes a pheromone called appeasine, emitted from the sebaceous glands on the inner side of the thighs. This pheromone plays a role in the attachment of the calf to the mother, but it also plays a role in facilitating social relations between all animals in the herd.
Average time of use:
15 days after application
Spray 5 ml of solution, 4 to 6 hours before the stressful event:
Meat cattle (5L solution) : in the withers thanks to a perfectly clean sprayer, reserved for the use of SecureCattle®, and rinsed thoroughly without detergent after each use.
Milk cattle (100ml solution) : between the horns thanks to the applicator gun provided for this purpose.
Milk cattle (100ml solution)
Contact Sales & Marketing
Call +86 (0) 21 31263656 or email email@example.com


A threat to bees is a threat to global food security
bee colony decline
Since 1947, the US human population has increased by 128% while the total US managed honey bee population has decreased by 54%. This rate of loss being experienced is unsustainable for our nation\'s food security. In the 1950s, pesticide use in farms became widespread to increase yield.
No Data Found
Reasons For Disappearance
In the United States, beekeepers are still currently experiencing 10%-50% losses in their managed 2.8 million honey bee colonies. These beehives are migrated throughout the nation to pollinate the food we eat. Listed below are several of the key stressors to pollinator health:
Insecticides are chemicals designed to kill insects that eat and destroy crops. Unfortunately they're commonly used, the neonicotinoid class paralyzes the neural system of the bee, resulting in impaired movement and eventually death
Bee Diseases & Parasites
In the US, varroa mites are the #1 parasites killing commercially managed honey bees. Pesticide usage and the other stressors makes treatment for the bees own diseases less effective
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMF) clashes with bees by destructing their navigation skill causing them not to return home. Cell phone towers are the leading polluters for EMF
Global warming and development of new land destroys natural environments, food and water resources that pollinators require to survive
Did you know hundreds of crops rely on bees?
70 of the top 100 human crops require bee pollination and account for 90% of the world's food supply
How to Save the Bees
There are many ways to help, here are a few ways you can start to bee better
1. Donate to bee research
savethebees.com/donate connects you to research organizations working in support of bee health sustainability for our planet
2. Ban harmful Chemicals
Ban neonicotinoids allowed by the EPA which must be re-registered by 2022 in the United States.
The European Union has already banned almost all outdoor uses of neonicotinoids following a 2018 food safety report, which determined that the pesticide is a risk to bees.
3. FREE SWARM REMOVAL
savethebees.com/swamremoval provides nationwide coverage for free swarm removal in the United States
A swarm is a large group of bees flying together
Call Don’t Kill!
Swarm Hotline: +1 (800) 456-2789
4. BUY A BEEHIVE
Managing a beehive in your backyard will bring you local honey and pollination of the flowers in your neighborhood.
Get started with beekeeping here
5. Plant bee-friendly gardens
savethebees.com/garden provides a list of bee-friendly flowers you can plant to support bees in your area
Every purchase contributes towards saving the bees and supports local beekeepers in your state
Newsletter sign up
Join our newsletter to learn more on saving the bees! Gain perspective from the commercial and consumer view on the global beekeeping situation!


This project is coordinated by HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation (HSI) and implemented in a consortium with FANRPAN (Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network), with AFAAS and Agridea as further partners. Phase 1 is running from April 2013 - Dec 2017. The project is localized in two pilot countries: Republic of Benin: communities in departments of Atacora (North) and Savalou (South) and Mozambique: communities in Northern provinces of Nampula and Cabo Delgado.
The project aims to improve food security (increased food self-sufficiency and incomes) of smallholder farmers in SSA through reduction of postharvest losses of food crops (grains and pulses) by addressing major constraining factors of technology dissemination and adoption, knowledge and information sharing, rural advisory services (RAS) and policies related to PHM. Interventions focus at two levels:
i) validation and promotion of PHM practices and systems at rural household and communities level through use of innovative RAS and private sector linkages,
ii) linking national and regional level through active promotion of sharing and learning, capacity-building, and advocacy and policy dialogue related to PHM.


EST is a business that is dedicated to providing customers with the latest in enzyme technology and customized formulations. Ecozyme System Technologies is most innovative and safe products and technologies in the Industries of Agriculture, Livestock Feed Supplements / Products and Malodor Elimination.
Bio Blend® consists of a synergistic consortium of targeted beneficial microorganisms, minerals, plants and animal by-products that are combined to produce a fermented feed grade product to supplement the animal diet.
The production of quality meat and milk begins with healthy animals. Modern animal feeds are predominately composed of plant material, mainly cereals and vegetable proteins. Much of these ingredients cannot be fully digested and utilized, especially by monogastric animals.
Enzymes increase the digestibility of these modern animal feeds, which improve feed to gain ratios for ruminants and monogastric animals alike.
Enzymes can provide more energy due to better utilization of nutrients which promotes healthy weight gain, enhances immune response, improves skin and coat condition, and increases and maintains vitality for ruminant and monogastric animals alike.
The balance of beneficial and potentially harmful bacterial in the animal gut is an important aspect in the overall health of an animal. A healthy gut generally means a healthy animal. The addition of a direct fed microbial supplement like Bio Blend® can help maintain this balance.
See the PDF from the initial Bio Blend® feed study for cattle.
(On the PDF Link) The test subjects in the very first experimental group were sickly, malnournished and significantly underweight cows in varying conditions of health ranging from moribund to fair condition. All cows tested showed rapid health recovery and significant weight gain by the end of the study.
Hot Orange™ and FPE #3
Hydrogen cracking enzyme products for the removal of H2S and the elimination of foul odors!
Soil quality continues to degrade over many parts of the country. Various additives have depleted the natural microbial population, which are necessary to process nutrients for uptake into plants and crops.
As a result, overuse of conventional fertilizers occurs, which causes other soil issues such as salt and phosphate build-up.
Agra-Tech is being researched and developed to increase beneficial microbes within the soil and to detoxify from the overuse of conventional fertilizers.
Contact Us or Learn more by emailing firstname.lastname@example.org


Purchased in 2012 with the clear vision of transforming the mansion into the winery it is today, Lundy Manor Wine Cellars is a VQA winery, producing 100% Niagara wines. The estate is nestled on 60 acres of lush garden land and vineyards, West to Line 70 and East to Beechwood Road. The estate is home to eight acres of premium Riesling and hybrid grapes for the production of VQA wines. The grapes express the balance between the soil, the climate and the season in which they were grown. We are proud to work with talented growers who draw from their experience, knowledge and ongoing relationship with their vines to grow grapes that express this terroir. Read More
We welcome you to enjoy our relaxed atmosphere, unsurpassed culinary offerings and professional staff. All these elements provide you with an unforgettable winery experience unlike any other. Our uncompromising service standards will elevate your next corporate dinner, gala or cocktail reception.


ESSENTIAL OIL ARTISAN
Okanagan Lavender & Herb Farm
Discover Agriculture and Essential Oils with Okanagan Lavender Herb Farm - the Essential Oils Distillation ÉCONOMUSÉE® (Okanagan)
Tourists and locals are always welcomed to share in the experience of the Essential Oil Distillation ÉCONOMUSÉE at Okanagan Lavender & Herb Farm. Enjoy a walk through the gardens, learn more on the distillation process, discover the various properties of lavender essences, and browse the boutique for locally made natural health and beauty products.
Okanagan Lavender & Herb Farm is a family farm that has deep roots in the agricultural history of the region. Now cultivating a wide variety of annual and perennial herbs, this thriving agrifood business has turned it focus to the ancient art of distilling to capture pure essential oils. They handcraft small batch natural products for body care, culinary blends and the home – including their award winning Pure Lavender Essential Oil.
Beautiful sweeping views of Okanagan Lake is the inspiration behind the award-winning Okanagan Lavender Herb Farm. A family business cultivating annual and perennial herbs, this thriving agriculture business, workshops, has developed a reputation for its essential oils, body care and culinary blends.
- 4380 Takla Road
Kelowna, BC, V1W 3C4
- Tel: (250) 764-7795
- For more information:


Luxury Single Family Residence, Beverly Hills, California
Juxtaposition of conventional and greywater irrigation ~ Partial residential remodel, isolated greywater installation:
This very nice home on a double lot in Beverly Hills was extensively remodeled in 2012 and included a ReWater greywater irrigation system at that time. The owner has a large family and wanted to use water wisely. Because there was already a lot of landscaping with irrigation in place on the upper level and the entire lower level was being completely remodeled, some of the landscape on the lower level was selected to be irrigated with greywater. While the owner is enjoying a substantial reduction in water usage and costs, they report that you cannot tell the difference between the conventionally irrigated areas and the greywater irrigated areas, which is what we’ve seen time and again when the landscape contractor does a good job.


A few months ago, my daughter and I decided to turn our empty garden space into a pumpkin patch with a sunflower border. We dug the rows, planted the seeds, crossed our fingers and waited. Fast forward 3 months and we were proud of our great harvest! I already miss the pretty view out my bedroom window.
Due to the dry summer, we really needed to water the pumpkins more but we learned our lesson. I’m sure we could have gotten 20-30 more on the vines with regular watering.
We planted large pumpkins for carving and small ones for baking. We had enough to share with friends and neighbors, decorate our home and driveway, do science experiments and crafts and use in recipes.
Enjoy a few of our favorite fall recipes and activities in this post.
~ Painting pumpkins!
~ Carving pumpkins!
~Science experiments! (baking soda, vinegar and food coloring)
Save those seeds to make a healthy delicious snack! Pumpkin seeds are rich in antioxidants, iron, zinc, magnesium and many other nutrients. It’s a quick and easy process to enjoy all those seeds.
Preheat oven to 300. Scrape the pulp and seeds out of the pumpkin. Separate the seeds from the stringy pulp, rinse well and shake dry. Spread the seeds single layer on an oiled baking sheet and roast 30 minutes to dry them out. Then toss the seeds with olive oil and seasonings. Return to oven and bake until crisp and golden, about 20 more minutes.
Sweet recipe: toss with cinnamon and sugar
BBQ: toss with brown sugar, chipotle chili powder and ground cumin.
Or just toss with salt and pepper!
To use the fresh pie pumpkins for cooking and baking, follow this link from the Pioneer Woman. http://thepioneerwoman.com/cooking/make-your-own-pumpkin-puree/
I recently tried recipes for double layer pumpkin pie and baked pumpkin French toast with our fresh pumpkins! Both are kid friendly and so delicious!
One final thought….beware in your pumpkin patch! You may find a really odd one once in awhile…. but I think it’s a keeper!
Happy Fall Ya’ll


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We are an Argentine family business, founded more than 20 years ago in Monte Cristo and focused on Conservation Agriculture since our beginnings.
We are a young and dynamic organization, fully dedicated to the agricultural industry and devoted to fulfilling the needs of our customers, from providing strategic inputs to exporting best quality grains and pulses.
We are also commodities and specialties producers, achieving the highest quality standards.
We are committed to sustainable agriculture, implementing the best management practices and generating innovative technological solutions for all our activities.
We believe in our capacity to generate value in all our relationships, enhancing the comprehensive development of every person: our collaborators and their families, our customers, colleagues, and the different communities we belong to.
To create and provide innovative technological solutions to promote the sustainable growth of the agricultural sector, enhancing the comprehensive development of every person which interacts with Tecnocampo.
To be a model organization in Argentina and the World, which develops and disseminates technological and sustainable innovations related to agriculture, with internal and external relationships distinguished by virtuous circles.
OUR VALUES, OUR ESSENCE
Our values guide our work, as we maximize our efforts to be a leader enterprise and achieve our role within society.
We believe that Team Work can result in better benefits to society. This is why we work together with different organizations to have a bigger impact in our community and environment.


Food is the substance that we consume to keep us alive. It is generally animal, plant, or fungal in origin and contains essential nutrients for our body. Our bodies cannot survive without food, and we require the right amounts to maintain a healthy life. This article will examine the importance of a well-balanced diet. Let’s start by discussing what food is. What is it, and how does it benefit our bodies? This article will provide an overview of the different kinds of food and what they contain.
Food is consumed by humans and other animals, and there are a variety of ways to prepare it. Grain is the most common source of food energy, and accounts for 87% of global grain production. However, most of the grain is fed to livestock. Fermentation is a process used to preserve foods, and ambient bacteria are used to make pickled foods. Other methods of preservation involve inorganic substances, such as brines and vinegar.
We need food for energy, but what about the nutrients? It is important to understand the role of nutrients in our bodies. This is because they are essential to our survival. Using food for energy is necessary for our bodies, and it is an integral part of the human diet. The best way to provide energy to the body is by eating foods high in fiber. Likewise, the proper amount of protein in the body is essential for a healthy lifestyle.
Food is the substance that we consume for nutritional support. This can be animal, plant, or fungal. Most grains grown are used for feeding livestock. Fermentation processes include fungi, ambient bacteria, and blue-green algae. Preserving is the process that allows us to store and protect our food. Inorganic materials are used in the process of making pickles. And inorganic substances are also used to preserve foods. In a nutshell, food is the most important component of our diet.
Food is a material we consume for nutrition. Among the main sources of food are plants and animals. These provide energy and nutrition to humans and other animals. The most common types of foods are grains, fruit, vegetables, nuts, and meat. The most common type of food for humans is rice. Some plants are only grown for the purpose of storing energy. If you want to avoid this, choose a different type of crop. Lastly, don’t forget to eat healthy.
As we know, food is the substance that we eat to survive. Plants and animals are the major sources of food. They provide the fuel for human life and keep us healthy. Both plants and animals consume some form of animal food. Whether it’s meat or fish, humans are omnivores. It’s our job to eat, so we need to make sure we are eating enough. For humans, food is an important source of energy and nutrition.


Because the war in Syria deprived so many families of their livelihoods, MERATH has been supporting sustainable agriculture projects in Syria since 2016, that have helped over 900 families of farmers to get back to their fields, cultivate their land, increase their yield, meet their own food needs and plan for the future.
Encouraged by such holistic impact and faced with the brutal worsening of the economic situation in Lebanon, which led to massive unemployment and food insecurity, MERATH was inspired to initiate, in 2021, sustainable agriculture projects through three local partner churches in Lebanon. The goal was to provide much needed jobs and income to farmers and local agriculture workers and to provide fresh organic vegetables to vulnerable households. Bahaa, who oversees this project in one location, explains why it was very much needed:
“The village where our church is located is in North Lebanon, very far from Beirut. Residents mainly live off agriculture. However, the economic crisis has put such pressure on farmers that they are no longer able to pay for fuel to turn on generators to water plants or to purchase seeds, pesticides, and the necessary ingredients to make preserves. As a result, farmers are seeing a decrease in yield and are no longer able to sustain their livelihoods.”
In a country that is so heavily reliant on conventional agriculture, the first step was to train partners in sustainable agriculture practices. During the training and with the help of a specialized consultant, partners were able to design and plan their own agriculture project, each in a way that was tailored to their vision, capacity, and available resources.
Then came the implementation phase. Our partners began working the land and planting summer and winter vegetables, only using biopesticides and organic fertilizers. Our partner church in North Lebanon also wanted to include livestock, and got chickens and goats. The team was hoping they could sell the eggs and the milk to cover other project expenses. They also planted wheat – at a time the repercussions of the war in Ukraine were causing severe shortages in Lebanon – and learned to make their own biopesticide and compost. During this initial phase, our partners faced several challenges and learned by doing. Bahaa recalls:
“During the first year, we faced several challenges, as we were still new to sustainable agriculture. Our yield was smaller than expected and it felt a bit discouraging. We ended up thinking maybe our dream was too big. But we persevered and MERATH continued to support us and showed a great deal of understanding. Thanks to them, we were able to add a cow farm to our project, and we feel like the pieces of the puzzle are all coming together. After all our hard work, what a joy to start reaping the fruits of our labor!”
This year, our partner in North-Lebanon took additional steps toward self-sustainability. First, they replanted vegetables with seeds they collected from previous crops. Second, they got cows to produce milk and to have their own manure, which they previously had to buy to make their compost. Finally, they decided to grow their own livestock feed to reduce the costs of having cows.
Meanwhile, their hard work started to pay off: pest and diseases have been better prevented and controlled and the projects’ yield and harvest are increasing, chicken are laying up to 25 eggs a day, and some of the goats are pregnant and will soon be able to produce milk. Our partners are also harvesting and processing the wheat that they grew last year, replanting some, keeping some to feed the livestock, and using the hay inside the chicken coop.
Last and not least, because these projects are run by churches and the vegetables are distributed by them, it gives the churches an opportunity to further respond to God’s calling to love their neighbors and to show God’s love to those in need in their communities.
Bahaa says the project has enabled his church to build strong relationships with new people in the community. He also shares how the project made him grow closer to God and taught him valuable lessons:
“Before being involved in this project, I didn’t really believe in this type of ministry. I was convinced that our only duty as Christians was to share the gospel with words. But as I grew closer to Jesus, I remembered that His own ministry was twofold. Jesus used to have empathy and show mercy, and He would help, heal, and feed people from many different religious and social backgrounds, without showing partiality. Just as our God shines His light on all, we likewise need to show God’s love to all, without discriminations. We pray that we can always have empathy and serve others the way Jesus did.”


Since my last update, something amazing has happened.
I’ve been able to cancel the veg box that has been keeping me in vegetables since last year. This might not sound much, but for me, it’s monumental.
I need to plug my awesome local organic farmer, Sarah Green, here. Every Friday since I gave up the allotment, Sarah and her team have delivered an organic veg box to my door for just £8.
To finally be harvesting in earnest from my veg patch is a big thing and makes me proud. I’ve gone from this:
(there should be broad beans and mangetout wigwams in the above pic rather than the gaping hole, but Ailsa deleted my photos off the camera to make space for ones of Lewis. Therefore I had to take more after I’d yanked them out, but more on that later. The broad beans and mangetout coming out, not Ailsa deleting photos)
…in just over a year.
There was a fair amount of graft involved, but it was worth every bead of sweat, even if I do have to be a yoga specialist to get around the patch.
This Season’s Harvest
So far this season, I’ve harvested rhubarb, radish, salad, carrots, beets, broad beans, strawberries, gooseberries, mangetout, courgette, potatoes, cucumbers, chard, and peas.
Exciting times, and apologies for any smugness when I say how happy I am that a scruffy, unloved bit of garden has become a useful, productive veg patch.
Blackfly and Bolting Chard
Veg patch life has not all been easy though.
I took the decision to whip out my broad beans last weekend (you can see the gap, in photos above). I was removing blackfly every day, and once I saw the pests spreading to the courgettes and French beans, I decided to quit whilst I was ahead. I harvested, podded, and froze all the beans to preserve the other plants.
I’ve since been given the tip that Autumn sown broadies are far less susceptible to blackfly than spring ones, but there does seem to be lots of blackflies around this year. I’ve been spraying them off the courgette and French beans with hot, soapy water and I think I’m winning for now.
The perpetual spinach (you can make this out in the photo of the side bed above) went to seed very early, which has left me puzzled. I have never, ever had any problems with perpetual spinach, and normally one sowing lasts me 9 months before bolting. I’m guessing the topsy turvy weather of spring caused it, but I have missed harvesting these leaves. They’re a favourite in my house, but another sowing now should see me through winter, when I really need them.
My mangetout wigwam is out as well, having finished cropping. Growing up a wigwam has been an interesting experiment. They look really attractive, and the Golden Sweet variety I grew was productive. The plants yielded about 2.5kg of mangetout from a space roughly 9ft x 9ft which I reckon is pretty good going.
However, with hindsight, I’m not so sure about my wigwam experiments. I put the plum in the middle of the plot, which has taken up valuable space (about 21 square feet) that I could have used for other plants. Looking back peas and mangetout would have made a better choice next to fences than my leafy winter greens, leeks, and squashes.
Some Order for Next Year
Although productive, my patch is a bit of a jungle and now I’m trying to water, harvest, and nurture I’ve beginning to appreciate that some order might be useful. I’m veering once more towards a set of raised beds, especially since the soil is like concrete where I’m walking around.
I’m finding that with a small plot you’re constantly analysing how best to use the space, and refining in your head all the time. It’s different from an allotment, as space is plentiful.
Not a day goes by without me thinking about moving this to accommodate that. The exhilarating thing about growing in a small space is that the planting plan and area is constantly evolving.
Nothing ever stops. Whether you’re pulling out plants and immediately replacing with something else, or spending time honing your patch, things are always on the move.
P.S I’ve also made another little film – I enjoy doing as these films as they show the space much better than a photo can. You’ll be please to know that the film is nowhere near as long as the last one, and I’ll post it up later in the week.


Catalog Search Results
IL: LG - BL: 3.4 - AR Pts: 1
How does a seed begin? What happens during pollination? This simple introduction unravels the mystery of plant reproduction for the very young and includes instructions for growing a bean plant. Gail Gibbons' signature bold and bright illustrations and clear text provide another excellent resource for primary-grade students.
Identifies various kinds of seeds, what they need to grow, how they scatter, and the role seeds play in feeding the world. Includes eight simple experiments.
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United as a Family
El Dorado Winery Association member wineries are a select group of small, independent and family-owned wineries invested in the agriculture of the El Dorado and Fair Play American Viticultural Areas (AVA). Over 75% of the wine produced here is both grown and produced locally.
Why El Dorado wines are unique
Mountain born, intense ﬂavors and distinct character
Our mountain vineyards are on steep hillsides with warm summer days and cool nights. It’s an environment that gives wines luscious fruit, an alluring balance, gentle tannins, and body and depth. El Dorado County has over 40 wineries, growing more than100 varietals.
Our Partners and friends
Love of the land
The El Dorado Wine Movement is partnered with local growers, independent restaurants, boutique lodging and small shops centered around our historic small town Main Street communities.