пользователей форума. При использовании материалов, ссылка на данный сайт и фак обязательна! В свое время на форуме появились заявления что. Лучше пыхнуть марихуаны, чем пить пиво и тем более водки, лично для меня здоровье и самочуствие дороже, ложных стереотипов! Марихуана (исп. marijuana, marihuana) или каннабис является официальным названием психоактивного средства психоделического типа, которое.
Марихуана форуПриобрести Подробнее 600,00. Приобрести Подробнее 600,00. Веб магазин косметики. Приобрести Подробнее 815,00. Бесплатная доставка от 350,00 грн работы Интернет-магазин работает.
You can grow cannabis at home with excellent results if you create necessary conditions. Read this section to find out useful information on how to grow marijuana at home. Some people mistakenly believe that growing marijuana outdoors is simple because nature will take care of everything.
It is not true. In order to grow an excellent harvest of fragrant buds, you need to find a good place, provide proper watering and fertilizing. You also need to hide you treasure from prying eyes. Read this section to learn more. Do you have green thumb and enthusiasm to start? Read the section Growing Cannabis for Dummies to find more interesting and useful information. Here you will find a detailed description of how to prepare the soil, how to organize lighting and watering, how to feed your plants various stages.
Our tips will help you avoid mistakes of newbies and achieve excellent results. In this section you will find the recommendations for cannabis growing indoors and outdoors. As you know, small cannabis farming is actively developing. Perhaps you should try to grow your own weed and share it with your friends.
Our experts and more experienced growers will share their knowledge with you. They will discuss traditional and new methods for efficient cannabis cultivation. When you decide to start growing cannabis indoors or outdoors, you should explore advice and recommendation on the Internet. You can learn about methods, systems and techniques. Despite the fact that growing cannabis outdoors in the open field is one of the most cost-effective options, many professionals prefer to cultivate cannabis indoors in greenhouses, grow tents, on the windowsills or closed terraces.
Cannabis is a very resilient and strong plant and everyone with basic skills can manage its cultivation. Your plants need enough light, water and warm temperature. You can grow marijuana in a variety of places: a grow box, a grow tent, an attic, a terrace, etc. You can use anything as a container: however, it is better to use containers that are at least 50 cm tall. Read more tips and advice on Jahforum. Cultivating cannabis indoors requires some care. You need to think through the process to the smallest details.
From this section of our site you will learn how to plant seedlings and how to choose better soil. Indoor marijuana plants can bring you a better harvest then growing outdoors in the garden plot. The life cycle of cannabis plant has several stages:. When you seeds germinate, plant them in separate containers.
Make a small not very deep hole in soil and put a seed into it, cover it with soil. Do not press the soil too much because it will prevent airflow. At the vegetation stage, you need to provide regular watering and fertilization and ensure they receive a sufficient amount of light. When you see the strong sprouts you can replant them into bigger containers.
For steady growth your plants need watering, feeding and lighting. Cannabis is very resistant to adverse conditions but if you want to maximize your result, you need to be more attentive to your plants. Read this section to lean more about the needs of cannabis plants. Growing marijuana requires some gardening skills, knowledge and experience. Some people think that they can drop seeds or plant the seedlings in the soil and then sit and wait for the harvest.
It is like a fairy tale but in real life you need to put efforts into gardening. If you have any questions about growing cannabis, post them in this section. Enthusiasm is good but experience is more important! If you never worked in the garden or vegetable farm, if you never grew flowers in the orchard then you need to educate yourself.
We recommend reading the material in the sections of our website to learn more details how to germinate seeds and grow seedlings. We describe traditional and innovative farming methods. Read this section of the forum to learn how to organize indoor cultivation of cannabis.
How to choose and build lighting and watering systems? How to support the plants during different stages? If you have any questions on the process of marijuana growing, ask them in the appropriate topic. Cannabis is a very resilient plant: it can survive in almost any adverse conditions. However, if you want gorgeous harvest, you should know how to care about your cannabis plants outdoors.
Try our advice for better performance. Section is devoted to cannabis cultivation outdoors. You can grow cannabis outdoor in the gardens, orchards, open terraces, vegetable plots, flowerbeds, anywhere you find a good place. Growing cannabis can be tricky even though cannabis is not a capricious plant. It survives in almost any conditions. If you want a decent crop you have to create proper conditions. Fertilizing and watering can maximize the genetic potential of your plants.
Read about specifics of the outdoor cannabis cultivation of in this section. Growing cannabis in apartment requires a special approach. Sometimes even experienced gardeners fail to achieve desired results when they grow indoors. You need to take into account such factors as limited space and security issues. You need to provide your cannabis plants with water, light and fresh air as well as all the necessary nutrients. The germination of cannabis seeds is the first step in the process.
It is a key to a excellent result. Read this section to learn how to grow strong and healthy seedlings. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to ask them here. We invite you to post and share your reports on growing cannabis outdoors and indoors. Real life discussion of the issues with cannabis growing is not possible because of legal problems, so Internet forums offer a safe place to exchange experience.
Here, in this section, you can learn about the experience of your colleagues. Read their advice and learn form their experience to avoid mistakes. How to grow marihuana at home? How to organize the process? Read this section to learn about best light lamps, containers, ventilation systems, and fertilizers for indoor growing. You will find all information about indoor growing. Where to buy soil for cannabis in Ukraine?
Our country is an agrarian country with rich black soil however you should not use the soil from the field for cannabis growing. The soil from the fields can be infested with harmful insects and mold. It can cause many problems. We recommend buying a special soil for cannabis. Grow cannabis indoors, at home, in your house or apartment. This section is about grow-boxes, greenhouses, and grow-tents. How to organize the marijuana growing indoors?
Every new grower asks the same question. Every new grower wants to achieve good yields. Which light is better? What do the colors of the seedlings mean? How to make clones from the mother plant? Read more in this section Some people think that growing marijuana is simple because it is very strong plant.
If you want high yield, you have to make efforts and use your skills and knowledge. Read this section to learn about specifics of growing cannabis outdoors. Here you will find answers to your questions. In this section, you will find answers to questions about the cultivation of marijuana. Here you can find tips on growing cannabis.
Read this section to learn more about the best methods of outdoor or indoor cultivation. You can read about types of light and fertilizers. Both beginners and experienced growers make stupid mistakes when germinating seeds. Mistakes can negatively affect the germination rate, the quality of plants, the size of the crop. In this section, you will find detailed information on how to germinate marijuana seeds.
There are so many options for prepackaged soil on the market, but not all of them are suitable for the cultivation of cannabis. In this section, you learn about ideal soil for cannabis, about optimal acidity of the soil. Read recommendations and tips to create a perfect environment for the plants.
The hydroponic method is costly but very efficient. Many growers love and use this innovative method of cultivation. You need to take care of and control light, temperature, watering, and fertilization when you use hydroponic systems for marijuana growing. Read more about hydroponics at home. What equipment do you need for hydroponic systems? What are the methods, schemes, and solution? How to plant cannabis? How to choose the date? How to prepare the system for marijuana? How to choose lighting system?
How to manage watering and feeding? If you do not have enough experience and all you have is enthusiasm, you should read more and learn. Find more information on our website. We recommend exercising caution and keeping your cannabis plants hidden from curious people. In order for plants to grow well, you need to build a grow tent or box in your apartment or house. Read this section to learn how to properly set up a grow tent for cannabis. The modern growing industry offers an incredible range of different options for the cultivation of marijuana.
Regardless of you are a newbie or a professional you will like reading this section with real reports on hydroponic systems for cannabis growing. Read this section about how to choose grow boxes for marihuana. You can buy a ready box or make your own to save money.
Both new and experienced growers know about infections and diseases that can affect the plants. They have to be ready to protect their plants. When you see holes in the marihuana leaves, you should know that your plants are infected or attacked by insects.
Read this section to learn about signs of cannabis diseases, treatments and solutions. New growers do not know how to spray marijuana leaves and get rid of pests. Spraying plants with pesticides can save your plantation. However, some pests are terrible and hard to kill, for example, spider mites.
You need to know how to diagnose a problem and how to solve it. Lighting in the grow boxes and greenhouses is an important factor in cannabis cultivation. Experts know how damaging is both lack and access to light. Use quality metal halogen lamps as a quality source of lighting. Cannabis cloning is a useful method that allows you to create several plants with the same characteristics of the mother plant.
It is a relatively cheap way to produce new plants. If you want to clone marijuana, watch the video in this section. Creating new varieties of cannabis is time-consuming process that requires special knowledge and genetic material of the highest quality. Nowadays, the scientists created a wide range of cannabis varieties and hybrids with excellent genetic qualities. It is a never-ending process: the search for a perfect strain, variety and hybrid.
Humans like perfection and strive for ideals. Many professional growers try their hand at breeding new cannabis varieties. Most often such experiments end in fiasco because creating a new strain is not enough. It is more than crossing excellent male and female plants.
Scientists and genetic engineers work for many years to create some special breed. They choose mother plants among many plants with priority qualities. It is a very expensive process that requires patience and a lot of equipment.
When selecting seeds for breeding, pay attention to their appearance. Each seed must be perfect without any signs of damage. The seeds can to be glossy or matte dark color depending on the characteristics of the variety. Look for traces of infection on the surface of the seeds and select clean and healthy ones.
If you want to cultivate some cannabis plants for seeds, you need to create the most comfortable conditions for their growth. Such parental plants need more care. You have to grow a male plant and collect its pollen before your female plant starts flowering. The optimal period for pollination is between the second and third week of flowering.
After pollination, the plant enters the stage of seed formation. You will see how flowers develop into seeds. You can harvest seeds and dry them in storage. Sometimes, the seeds fall down and sometimes you need to pick them out the cones.
Usually experienced breeders record their observations and results in a journal. After seeds are harvested, breeders germinate as many seeds as possible to select the most promising female plants and use them for repeated pollination. The breeding process is repeated several times until the genetic properties are stable.
Some breeders like to cross several varieties of cannabis to achieve interesting results and improved genetics. If you plan to grow cannabis, probably you thought about how to optimize your investments. Cannabis growing is more than farming — it is art. If you approach growing seriously, your results will surprise professionals. Growers like to watch how the plants develop. You can implement theory into practice. If you have questions, ask your fellow-growers to avoid mistakes.
There is much information available on Internet: read the section with some basic information on growing marijuana. Do you know how to germinate cannabis seeds? You should visit different sections of the forum for detailed information on germination. If you have any additional questions, try finding answers on our website and ask questions to experienced growers. Many growers dream about healthy cannabis plants. They share their experience in the sections of Jahforum: they share how they fight cannabis diseases.
Read about symptoms of common diseases and infections and find out how to treat them and keep your cannabis plants healthy. What is a grow box? How to make a grow box with your own hands? You will find answers in this section. Many methods of marijuana growing will give you desired results. If you want to learn more about innovative and traditional methods of marijuana growing, you should read the relevant sections of our website.
We have many articles discussing different methods and equipment. If you are a newbie and do not plan to commercial cannabis farming, you might consider buying or building a grow box. Read this section for detailed information on how to make a grow box for cannabis.
If you have any questions about grow boxes, do not hesitate to ask for advice from our experts in the forum section. Cannabis grew in wild nature for centuries: it is absolutely non-capricious plant. However, if you want to achieve high yield, you must know about types of soil for cannabis.
Read this section for advice on how to choose a substrate for growing marijuana. Each grower has its own secrets and favorite methods of growing cannabis. Each grower dreams about the maximum productivity of the plants. In this section you can share and post your own reports on cannabis cultivation outdoors. Share your success and failure stories to help other growers learn and optimize the cultivation process to achieve better results.
When you go to the garden stores, you see many cannabis fertilizers. However, experienced growers prefer to make their own recipes for fertilizers and follow their own schedule for feeding the plants. You need to be careful not to over-fertilize your seedlings or plants otherwise you can kill them with your love. Some people are not handy and they can bot build grow-box at home. Is it possible to grow marijuana in apartment without ventilation? It is a difficult question because you need some kind of ventilation anyway to avoid high humidity and to reduce the strong odor of flowering plants.
Read more about artificial lighting for cannabis. Cannabis growing requires some skills and knowledge: in the process you have to learn and figure out some challenges on your yellow brick road to success. Choose optimal technique for marijuana depending on the space you have for growing.
Read this section to understand how to calculate ROI — return on investment. Sunlight has all the necessary spectra that support photosynthesis of plants. When you grow indoors with little or no sunlight you need to provide extra lighting for your cannabis plants. We recommend you our catalog of lamps and lighting systems. Here you can choose and buy lamps for cannabis. Read reports and reviews of different types of cannabis lamps. The growers describe how they build their lighting systems and what equipment they used.
Many growers give valuable recommendations and share their reports with detailed descriptions. It can be useful for both beginners and experts. Very often even experienced growers look for advice from a friend. Read this section with advice on growing cannabis. You will find answers to the most difficult questions.
Cloning is a very useful technique for cannabis growing because it has many advantages. If you use hydroponics method, you will be able to clone shoots off one maternal plant. Growers love cloning because it is cheap and delivers great results. Read this section and learn how to clone marijuana plant.
We live in a wonderful time because there are more than three types of cannabis. There is amazing variety of the most wonderful varieties on the market. Some of the plants have a very strong smell during cultivation, especially during flowering.
Keep it in mind and prepare to deal with the issue protect your plants from prying eyes and get rid of the smell of blooming marijuana. Every grower knows that security is important during the cultivation of marijuana. There are strict security measures for outdoor and indoor cultivation. When growing outdoors, growers can choose remote and secluded places far from people. Growing cannabis indoors makes security more complicated.
The grower has to be aware of the risk that neighbors or uninvited guests might notice something. Despite the efforts of cannabis activists, it is still illegal in Ukraine and involves administrative and criminal punishment for the cultivation of cannabis. It does not matter how many cannabis plants you grow, you have to take security measures seriously.
The main goal of any grower is to avoid attracting attention. It is easy before the plants start flowering: then they have intense flavor. We recommend buying air filters for cannabis because it will save you from many problems. Air filters will hide the fact of the existence of the growing box from your guests or neighbors.
Many sites offer cannabis filters for sale. When choosing the equipment, please consider some factors. There are too many options and I explain some basic ones for beginners that will help them to make the right choice. You can choose and buy filters, fans and other elements for air ventilation system.
You can also buy a ready made grow tents for cannabis. Grow tents functional and mobile. They are easy to assemble and you can move them anywhere in a matter of minutes. Grow tents create a great space for cannabis cultivation. In addition, you have to provide light, ventilation and watering for your cannabis plants.
Many growers prefer to grow in grow tents or grow boxes because such constructions are easy to handle and they keep foreign smells away from the apartment. You can also buy cannabis fertilizers and boosters. Cannabis plants need different kind of fertilizing during different stages of growth because every stage of life needs certain nutrients and minerals.
High-quality fertilizers can significantly increase the yield. Keep in mind that you have to stop using fertilizers weeks before harvesting otherwise your buds will smell of fertilizers. There are many methods for cannabis growing that can increase the productivity several times. Each method requires a certain approach and some equipment.
Read more about techniques for growing marijuana and read recommendations on how to lower the cost of farming. Cannabis industry develops very fast and that is why there are some many innovations. Professionals try innovative hydroponic or aeroponic methods even though they require some expensive equipment. Read more about equipment for growing marijuana in this section.
The choice of quality of lighting for marijuana cultivation indoors is essential. Plants require a certain spectrum of light for growth. In this section you can buy lamps for marijuana. If you have any questions do not hesitate to ask in our forum.
Read this section for beginners and experienced growers to find interesting recommendations for cannabis growing. In this section, you will learn how to prepare soil, what fertilizers and boosters to use, how to clone your plans, how to germinate seeds.
You can also ask here any questions in the relevant topics. To start you own marijuana project, you need to know how to choose a container, where to grow, how to choose seeds. You need to know the height of our future plants indoors and outdoors to calculate how much space they need.
The popularity of medical varieties of cannabis is growing every day because of its unique healing potential. Many growers are curious how to grow medical marijuana in hydroponic systems. Surprisingly, many experts confirm that despite the fact that the principles of cultivation of cannabis in hydroponics are very different, such plants get better nutrition and their healing potential is higher. Read more about substrates and soil for growing cannabis.
Share your experience and recommendations! Each cannabis growing method is unique so growers need to know some of the tricks for better harvest. They can ask for advice from professionals. In real life, growers have limited options for open discussion and communication with colleagues.
We created this section of our site for communication among cannabis enthusiasts. When you grow outdoors the result depends mostly on natural conditions but the grower contributes a lot too. If you are interested in advice on how to improve your outdoors cannabis, read information in this section. You can also read real reports on cannabis growing at home from beginners and professional growers. In this section, growers share their experiences and expertise.
If you have encountered any problems in the process of indoor cultivation, ask for their recommendations. Cultivation of cannabis requires patience. It also requires extensive expertise, skills and knowledge. Despite the fact that the hydroponic method was developed quite a long time ago, it still remains one of the most efficient cultivation options. If you want to better understand the basics of hydroponic method watch all hydroponics of marijuana video with a discussion of its pros and cons.
Sometimes growers worry about strange spots on marijuana leaves. Why do brown or yellow spots appear on marijuana leaves and how to get rid of them? Every grower wants to know how to protect the seedlings from the infection. Stains and spots are alarming symptoms indicating that the plants suffer from infection or stress. Even experienced growers solve problems by trial and error.
To maximize your chances for success, read this section devoted to solutions of technical problems of cannabis growing. Here you can ask any questions and get advice from professionals and experts. There are many wonderful boosters to accelerate cannabis growth and development.
The boosters and growth stimulants support the development of strong root system. Read this section of the forum devoted to boosters for cannabis plants. You can also ask questions and get recommendations. The wide range of marijuana varieties is impressive: every day we hear new announcement about a new hybrid or subtype.
Read this section about basic requirements for outdoor cultivation of marijuana. Here you can learn how and when to plant the seeds, how to feed the plants, what to do when the summer is too dry or too rainy. Modern farming technologies offer different ways of growing outdoors or indoors. The experts recommend using special substrates for marijuana. If you do not know how to choose substrate for marijuana, read this section for more recommendations. Cultivation of cannabis requires the proper organization of the process.
Growers have to provide their plants with light and water. They have to maintaining the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse or green box. However, some growers forget about air ventilation for marijuana. You need air ventilation to prevent infection, mold, insects and other unpleasant problems. Much depends on the choice of containers for cannabis plants. If you choose a big container you can end up with a big root system of the plant but you will get less leaves and buds.
If you choose too small container, you will grow a weak plant not able to flower. Read this section and learn advice how to choose a container for cannabis plant. If you grow marijuana you have to take care of safety issues. In many countries it is still illegal to grow regardless if you do it for your own needs or with intent to sell.
Safety is as important as other technical aspects of growing cannabis. When you grow indoor, buy and install special equipment to provide your plants with fresh air and enough light. It is hard to disagree that outdoor cultivation requires less investment than indoor. Nature will take care of the basic need of the cannabis plants and the grower will take care of the rest.
The most obvious advantage is the fact that with the outdoor cultivation you do not spend money on electric bill and expensive equipment. When choosing a place for growing marijuana, choose hidden spots away from streets and roads.
Find an inconspicuous place in the forest, abandoned industrial site or find a place behind the bushes in your garden. Keep in mind that the plantation has to be located close to some water source: eventually you have to water the plants. If you grow in the forest you also have to protect your plants from insects and wild animals. You might build a fence around your small orchard.
Do not attract attention when you go to visit your cannabis plantation. You have to be quick, quiet and inconspicuous. Do not leave any traces or footprints behind. How to protect cannabis from insects? It is easier to prevent than to fight. You can use natural insect repellents or pesticides. If you grow indoors, you need efficient air ventilation. Growers worry a lot about cannabis infections and diseases. You should now that cannabis plants need light but they do not tolerate direct sunlight.
They also like fresh air and a moderate humidity. If you use the special soil or substrate for cannabis plants, you do not need to worry about fertilizers. Otherwise, you need to feed your garden. Lack of nutrition can cause cannabis decreases: your plants will turn brown and yellow. Sooner or later every grower encounter some technical problems of cannabis growing. Read this section to find the answers. Many beginners rush into the gardening with no experience and then face many problems.
Read more recommendations on how to avoid or solve problems. Despite the fact that cannabis is resilient and strong, the plants can get infected. Even experienced growers encounter situations when their plants start to wither before our eyes. This section contains a list of cannabis diseases and their treatment. The process of cultivating marijuana requires knowledge and skills. Growing outdoors and growing in a greenhouse or a box are significantly different.
Read this section to learn about specifics of outdoor cannabis cultivation. Expert advice will help you to achieve excellent result. Do you want to share your story of success? Do you want to ask a question? Do you want to start a discussion?
Use this section for your reports on cultivation of cannabis outdoors. Your reports will help other beginners and save them from mistakes. Раздел экстракции содержит разные темы и советы для получения масла - концентрата ТГК и CBD соединения каннабиноидов используемых только в мед целях. Тут вы отыщите рецепты по изготовлению масла для курения с помощью разных газов, как к примеру бутан, либо использования спирта и водяной бане.
No doubt, you can find a lot of information about the cultivation of marijuana online. However, theoretical knowledge does not translate well in practice and things can go wrong. We created this section with the best reports on the cultivation of cannabis. Read real reports and learn from other members of our forum. You will become more successful and experienced grower. Some reports are interesting and funny. This section of Jahforum offers the best reports about cannabis growing useful information for beginners, experts and other categories of growers.
Unfortunately, until marijuana is legalized in our country, the enthusiasts are forced to hide their hobby. They cannot openly and publicly discuss the topic of cannabis. If you do not have friends or peers with the common interest in cannabis, join our friendly online community. This section includes the best growers reports. They generously share their advice and recommendations. Read this section to learn about fertilizers, growing methods, germination rates, cloning and other things. If you want to share your report, post it in section.
The reports of success can encourage and inspire other growers. Share your practical growing experience with other growers. Discuss your progress with colleagues and you will reach a new level and achieve better results. If you are a beginner you want to read grow reports about LED lamps, fertilizers, ventilation, watering and other issues of indoor cultivation. Read this section devoted to the reports from experienced growers.
You will find many interesting reports with photos and advice. Do you agree that it is better to learn from the mistakes of others? Reading about somebody else experience can help you to avoid many problems. We recommend you to read special magazines on the topic of marijuana and read specialized forums where experienced growers share their experience and results. Many proud growers want to show off their achievements and share photos with forum friends. If you want to tell stories of success, they want to warn about challenges, so we invite you to post your cannabis reports in this section of the site.
Read more interesting reports from our forum users. Lighting is a problem for many growers. How to choose the right LED lamps for greenhouses and grow boxes? LED lamps deliver excellent results and help you to save money.
Read more grow reports on LED lamps to make the right choice. Every grower knows that how beginning is difficult and support is important. In this section you can find marijuana reports from beginners and give them advice on how to improve their methods. Do you grow some new varieties of cannabis? Do you want to share your results with peers and friends?
In this section read and share your reports on cultivation of new varieties and show off your results. Share detailed descriptions of the process and ask for advice if you need it. If you are a new grower and if you just started learning about cannabis cultivation, try to follow three basic rules: water, light and fertilizing.
If you are a beginner, share your exciting journey. You can share your story with experienced growers and find support and encouragement. You can ask cannabis enthusiasts for advice. Many users of our Forum have decades of experience. Everybody was a beginner at some point and then continued to develop and accumulate experience and skills. Everybody remembers his or her first time because the first harvest was the sweetest.
Share your emotions, your observations, your questions and we will help you. This section includes the most interesting reports of newbies: they are exciting and funny. Do you remember your first cannabis plants? Do you want to share your story with us? If you a beginner, you should create your own report and document the progress. New growers can share their stories and inspire more people to join the friendly community of cannabis lovers. If you need advice, friendly support or recommendations, post your report in this section.
Communication with peers helps you to develop your skills. New members of our community need support and advice but they cannot find it in real life. Online discussion boards and forums like ours are very helpful because they bring people together and give them opportunity to communicate. Cannabis growers have to be discreet because it is not legal in our country. Do not reveal your secret to your friends and neighbors if you do not know their view on legalizing marijuana.
Online forum with stories from real people is a great opportunity to build the community of marijuana supporters. Beginners are especially interested in reports on marijuana from experienced growers because they can learn valuable advice about proper care for cannabis plants. Also, such reports help beginners to understand different varieties, hybrids, and subtypes of cannabis. Forum discussion is a great opportunity to find friends. You can share advice, you can ask a question, you can read a report, you can express your opinion without any fear.
Every grower has exciting, funny or sad story about cannabis growing. Share your unique story in this section and read stories of other people here. You can also join discussions and express your thoughts. Ever grower needs to know how to choose and where to buy cannabis seeds and what varieties and brands to choose. In this section, we invite you to share reports on new sorts of marijuana. Your experience may allow other growers to understand how to handle new seeds. Everybody suffers mistakes and even failures.
In this section, you can ask questions about cultivation process and perhaps experienced growers will offer you a solution to the problem. Due to the illegal status of cannabis people cannot reveal their hobby and discuss it freely with like-minded people in real life. Everybody has interesting stories about their experience in growing marijuana. In this section share your best stories about marijuana.
Growing cannabis outside can bring high results. Some people might think it is easy: all you need is to put seeds into the soil, water and wait for the harvest. However, the reports from our forum members show the growing process is not so simple. To achieve excellent results, you need knowledge; practical skills and desire.
Read the recent report from our members describing their growing experience. Share your own report about cannabis cultivation and attach photos. Your detailed reports can tell a lot about weather conditions, methods, fertilizers, and watering. Read the reports of your fellow forum members in this section and use their experience! Experienced growers often keep growing journals where they record their system. You can learn a lot from their advice.
Any professional development depends on regular discussions with your colleagues. Unfortunately, marijuana is illegal in our country and the growers cannot share their experience openly and publicly in real life. Online communication offers a great alternative! Follow our forum and find information on traditional and innovative cannabis cultivation methods. Read this section about different kinds of substrate in cannabis cultivation.
Our forum members are excellent growers willing to share their expertise and reveal secrets of cannabis cultivation. Read this section to learn about hydroponic methods of cannabis cultivation. You can read about the investments and rewards. You can learn how to build your own hydroponic system and what components you need for the hydroponic system. Hydroponic is a very efficient method for indoor cultivation. You can also read reports on outdoor and indoor cannabis cultivation.
You can read recommendations of our forum members and share your own thoughts. In this section, you can ask questions and get answers from experienced growers. Reading the reports from the experienced growers can help you learn important and interesting information. Here you can share your problems and ask for advice from growers with years of experience. Many successful growers prefer the hydroponic method for cannabis growing. However, there are many requirements for the success in order to achieve desired quality and quantity of the crop.
Read this section and share your reports on hydroponic cannabis cultivation. Read more reports on outdoor cannabis cultivation and avoid basic mistakes. Read the sections of our forum and learn about cannabis cultivation outdoors. Where should you plant? Where to hide and how to disguise your plants? How to avoid unwanted attention? Many online stores offer a list of cannabis varieties and novelties.
Making the right choice can be confusing so read this section and shares your thought on new cannabis hybrids. Your recommendations will help other people. Reports on hydroponics, the DVC, drop systems and more Cannabis growers build a friendly online community to support each other. Unfortunately, growers cannot openly discuss their experience in real life. Our forum is a great opportunity for like-minded people unite and discuss pressing problems.
Everybody knows that the right choice of lamps plays a crucial role in the cannabis cultivation. Check out this section for reports on lighting for marijuana plants. Our members discuss which light spectrum is good for different stages and how to build a lighting system to increase the yield. If you are going to grow outdoors, please record the process and post picture in this section of our site.
Your reports will be very interesting for beginners. In the reports with pictures everybody can find a huge amount of interesting information. Ancient Greeks said that it is human to make mistakes. Failure is your step towards success if you learn form it. Growers learn more from mistakes and failures than from success. In this section, you can post reports about your failures and mistakes. Perhaps your experience will save your colleagues from mistakes. Failures are inevitable but they are not fatal: you can always start form the scratch.
It is discussion of the best LED lamps. Communication is an important part of life and professional development. However, due to the fact that marijuana is illegal in our country, people cannot openly discuss their experience. Our forum gives you a great opportunity to post your reports and to discuss your experience The community of cannabis activists is growing: people want to unite and communicate with like-minded people in real life.
Communication helps to share experience and discuss some hot issues. We created this section of the website for you to post your reports in hydroponic methods of cannabis Read more reports about different types of substrates. Substrates offer great alternative to traditional soil.
Read and compare reports on soil and substrates results. Share your report on outdoor cannabis cultivation. Are you are successful grower? Do you want to show off your achievements? Do you want to share your joy with like-minded people who understand and appreciate your joy! Read and share the best reports on cannabis in this section. Let other growers be happy for you and learn from your experience in the field.
Do you want to share your achievements? Do you want to show how your grow cannabis buds form seeds? In this section, we invite you to share your reports on marijuana growing. Here you can share your ideas, express your opinion and ask professional advice We invite you to share your experience with participating in cannabis exhibitions and contests. Tell us about your excitement, tell us where you grow, tell us what kind of light you use or read the reports form your fellow forum members.
Read more reports on cannabis cultivation with drip irrigation systems. It is very interesting topic for those how like to grow indoor. You can share your report or read the recommendations from Jahforum members. Growing marijuana takes time and efforts. In this section, read or share reports on outdoor cultivation of cannabis.
Read more reports submitted for the contests of our Forum. Each grower has some valuable experience and is willing to share it to protect the forum members from fatal mistakes. In this section, we invite you to submit your reports on cannabis cultivation so the forum community can discuss your progress.
Unfortunately, the community of cannabis growers is too small and disconnected. We do not have the opportunity to communicate with like-minded people in real life. Online discussion can help you to understand the secrets of marijuana cultivation. Этот топик не в коем случае не призыв к неумеренному употреблению шмали, это всего только желание выяснить мировоззрение каждого в отдельности. Все начинается с малого.
Поначалу попробовал, позже еще раз и еще раз. Позже уже возникает зависимость в худшем случае , а в лучшем - будешь продолжать забавляться и далее. Это как с сигаретами. За кампанию - и пошло, поехало Алкоголь и никотин - самые страшные наркотики, опосля опиатов. Привыкание к никотину даже больше, чем к белоснежному.
Каннабис всётаки легкий психоделик по собственному действию. А вообщем за просвещением сюда: ссылка И я думаю, тогда фраз типа "Наркотики гамно!!! Люди которые их уважают дебилы! ДА люд вот так вас послушаешь жить не хочется!!! Да шмаль нехорошая, Блин а сами то наверняка тока в путь Я отношусь к этому делу обсолютно ровно! Но для меня это Так: есь -веселуха, нет-замечатьна!!
Вот рынок попер бы!!!! Да уж, напряги да еще какие Что там трава- на кокаин пора переходить,говорят передоза не бывает! Почти все знаменитости нюхают-Ван Дамыч например! У мужиков-то, ладно-через 2 месяца новейшие сперматозоиды созреют,а у дам-то яйцеклеток новейших не будет-все соберете,всю грязь! Юный чемодан! Эта тема была придумана специально про травку, а не про кокаин и не про герыч!
Ежели вас интересуют эти вопросы-плз, создавайте собственный топик. Я лично считаю, что к травке может быть различное отношение, а вот насчет герыча Да кстати - похоже, топик стал явным победителем. Вы должны быть юзером, чтоб бросить комментарий. Зарегте новейшую учётную запись в нашем обществе.
Это чрезвычайно просто! Уже есть аккаунт? Войти в систему. Авторизация Подписчики 0. Марихуана Создатель [mD] , 26 июля, в Основной форум. Назад 1 2 3 4 5 6 Дальше Страничка 1 из 6. Рекомендуемые сообщения. Размещено 26 июля, Несколько настоящих фактов,найденных в сети. Кто употребляет марихуану? Когда люди начали употреблять марихуану? Вызывает ли марихуана зависимость? Кто-либо когда-нибудь погибал из-за курения марихуаны?
Делает ли марихуана людей агрессивными? Как марихуана влияет на здоровье? А как насчет всей данной для нас жуткой статистики и исследований? А вы как относитесь к шмали? Положительно либо негативно. Поделиться сообщением Ссылка на сообщение Поделиться на остальные веб-сайты.
Размещено 27 июля, Размещено 27 июля, изменено. Изменено 7 февраля, юзером Fitilь. Наркотики, я считаю, в любом виде вещь отменная. Хотя конопля, пожалуй, это менее достойное из веществ. Поэтому что эффект слаб и неинтересен Размещено 28 июля, Ну вот, на денек нельзя бросить Вы что, с мозга все посходили что-ли?
Какая травка? Какая марихуана??? Статья УК РФ: склонение к потреблению наркотических средств либо психотропных веществ наказывается Дай Бог для вас дожить до старости! Ту Чеб - и то правда. Лично мое мировоззрение - никогда не пробовать! Мать - анархия, папа - стакан портвейна Тётя - марихуана Дядя - винт Сестра - шлюха Наркотики гамно!!! Размещено 29 июля, А вообщем попрошу не путать понятия наркотики с психоделиками!!!
Автор [mD]26 июля, в Главный форум.
|Марихуана фору||Поэтому и нет только окуркиохнарикибычёчки ;. They need light darknet прошивка hudra forming the cones and ripening of the buds. The growers are a friendly bunch of people willing to support and inspire each other. Remember, that you have to find indoor place for growing that does not attract attention so that no one will know about your hobby. Искать только в заголовках. Зависит от мозгов.|
|Форумы tor browser hidra||Войти в систему. If you are a beginner read advice and recommendations on varieties, seeds, ways to smoke, edibles and so on. Запомните: грибы это не травка - надо быть достаточно подготовленным для встречи с. Consul писал а :. There are strict security measures for outdoor and indoor cultivation. Если там Е есть. А про марихуану фору можно долго дискутировать, но только имейте в виду, противники экологического продукта - похмелья от него нет, глаза кровью не наливаются, никакой агрессии - только позитив!|
|My beauty крем для лица hydra cream||Расслабиться можно как нибудь по другому Growing marijuana requires some gardening skills, knowledge and experience. Психоделики 1. Но при частом употреблении наблюдается накопительный эффект. If you plan to grow cannabis, probably you thought about how to optimize your investments. Фактически директор Федерального Бюро Наркотиков однажды заявил Когрессу прямо проивоположное - употребление марихуаны ведет к неагрессивности и пацифизму Также факт, что марихуана не изменяет вашу личность. Пропадают стрессы.|
|Купить металлическую закладку для книги||Фильмы в браузере тор вход на гидру|
|Марихуана фору||Курить коноплю снится во сне|
|Браузер тор похожие hydra2web||Тор браузер джава вход на гидру|
|Тор браузер сайт гидра||516|
|Марихуана фору||Факты за марихуану|
|Марихуана фору||Тор браузер характеристика hyrda|
ПОЧЕМУ НЕ ПОДКЛЮЧАЕТСЯ БРАУЗЕР ТОР НА HYDRAПриобрести Подробнее 300,00. Приобрести Подробнее 25,00. Бесплатная доставка от 400 грн Время Товаров в корзине: 0 На сумму: интернет магазин косметики. Приобрести Подробнее 300,00. Приобрести Подробнее 25,00.
Купить Подробнее 300,00. Приобрести Подробнее 125,00. Приобрести Подробнее 125,00. Приобрести Подробнее 300,00. Приобрести Подробнее 25,00.
Марихуана фору конопля наказание13 медведей, марихуана и 38 дублей
Абсолютно правы. голландский магазин семян конопли Хотелось еще
Следующая статья время действие марихуаны


One of us is seventy years old. The other is fast approaching that age. As many people in this age bracket, both of us sometimes question our relevance. Indeed, just two days ago I was asked a question by a millennial regarding the sustainability of livestock agriculture because of our dwindling supply of water. It was more of a challenge than a question.
Translated, he was saying, not asking, “How could you be so selfish as to raise animals on grass, allowing them to drink from or totally contaminate the aquifer, thus depleting the Earth of its water resource”???!!!
Thoughts flashed through my head. He went to college for a year, can he be that stupid? Is he just an over educated jagoff who has to wear slip-ons because he doesn’t have the common sense to tie his own shoes. Does he think it’s more sustainable to feed animals in feedlots, knowing that the feed grains, GMO or not, have been raised at the peril of millions of tons of lost topsoil and possibly millions of gallons of diverted irrigation water? Or…. that the animals in the feedlots have to be fed low level anti-biotics to just live through the stress of confinement. He’s either clueless or both clueless and dangerous or Sukey and I are irrelevant and wrong.
We utilize Intensive Rotational Grazing. Reducing a system that had been used for hundreds of years to a workable art and science, Andre Voisin’s 1957 book, Productivite’ de l’herbe or Grass Productivity, released a generation of livestock producers to improve the sustainability of Livestock Production while securing the ecological permanence of the topsoil. Though not describing a specific grazing schedule as did Voisin, Louis Bromfield’s Malabar Farm contains the chapter, “Grass, The Great Healer” which describes the ability of grass production to heal the scars of over - plowed soils.
This fall, it seems like we finally got it right as we were named the 2017 Conservation Farmers of the Year. In this Tribune article, Greg Phillips, conservation district manager, stresses the importance of these practices: “It is the grass and climate here, plus their best practices, that allows them to raise these fantastic animals,” said Greg Phillips, conservation district manager and CEO. “The Jamison Farm may produce the least sedimentation of any working farm of its size in the county.”
Recently we read in the November 23, 2017 edition of The Washington Post an article entitled “A growing number of young Americans are leaving desk jobs to farm.”
When we were in our thirties, we started farming part time. In our early forties, we began farming full time. We were both English Majors; I was a corporate wonk. According to The Washington Post, I guess we were ahead of our time.
Here’s how it went…..
“This is really stupid!” she said. Sukey was laying supine on the floor of the hay wagon, holding on for dear life to our five year old daughter who had just landed in her arms after having been catapulted off a hay bale. I was driving our 1940’s Case WD tractor trailing an old International Harvester Square Baler which worked about 50% of the time. The hay wagon was hitched behind the baler so the crew could stack the bales as they came out of the machine. As we creeped down the hill, a train of tractor, baler, wagon, with wife and daughter on board as baling crew, we were moving ok without any of the usual interruption from the baler until the left front wheel of the tractor was swallowed by a two foot deep groundhog hole. My daughter, sitting happily on a hay bale, was suddenly launched like a “Hail Mary” pass. Sukey, playing Lynn Swann, did an over the shoulder catch with both receiver and received ending up safely on the floor.
This event started a serious discussion about the advantages of fence. Sukey graduated Magna Cum Laude as an English Major from
Washington and . While she became famous as the
first female graduate, as honor students received diplomas before the rest of
the class, it didn’t mean much in the world of agronomy. The logic incorporated
in a Liberal Arts’ College English graduate is often questionable, if not
nonexistent. She must have, however, retained some farmer logic from her Pa.
German ancestors. Jefferson College
If I remember, her conversation after she and Eliza got on terra firma, began like this, “That was the third trip you made over this field. You mowed, then you raked, and now you baled. If you were like these other idiots, you would have sprayed or even plowed, that’s five trips. No wonder they can’t make any money. Look at the price of gas. Are they crazy? And then you haven’t even put those stupid square bails in the barn. If you hire some high school kid, who won’t work anyway, he’ll probably load wet bales that’ll heat up and then the barn will burn down.”
She continued, no breath yet, “Then, if the barn is still standing, you have to unload the bales by hand. Who’s going to do that?” Before I can answer,,, “You and I, that’s who. And then, we have to load them up in the tractor or the truck, take them out to the sheep where we tear up the field with the machinery.”
Not finished yet. “Hay is grass, and grass is hay. Why not put up fence and let the sheep eat it themselves. Why should we harvest it for them when they can harvest it themselves? Put up the fence, depreciate it and don’t use fuel going over the same field five times a year. What a concept!”
And to this honor, Sukey says,
"What a surprise and great honor to be named Conservation Farmers of the year 2017! Our many years of learning about farming and nature has become our way of life and conservation has always been a part of our routine without our even thinking about it. A famous food writer once mentioned to us that we were prescient to have followed grass farming (raising lambs on grass) In reality, it was our inexperience in farming, our English degrees in college and our under funding in business that led us to building our own fencing and rotating our animals on smaller pastures instead farming in the traditional way of feeding animals in the barn and making hay on all of our pastures with big noisy equipment that we couldn't afford. Today "grass farming" is all the rage, healthier for animal and for the consumer and at the top of the conservationists' list. We are honored to be recognized! This award is very meaningful to us and we really appreciate the recognition. We wanted to share our news and thank all of you, our longtime friends and customers for being so loyal over the years. Without you, we would not have gotten to where we are today!"


Production of natural rubber has been long associated with the risk of tropical deforestation and poor working conditions, and the continuous growing demand – if not addressed properly – may increase the pressure on biodiversity and local communities.
It is therefore crucial to scale up responsible practices all along the supply chain and to develop solutions to ensure its sustainability.
The challenge remains that the supply chains are extremely complex and fragmented, with 85% of natural rubber being produced by millions of smallholder farmers.
Such massive number of players makes transparency incredibly difficult to achieve.
Designed to foster transparency even in the midst of these challenges, RubberWay has emerged as a key supporting tool to ensure the sustainability throughout the entire supply chain.
The challenge remains that the supply chains are extremely complex and fragmented, with 85% of natural rubber being produced by millions of smallholder farmers. Such massive number of players makes transparency incredibly difficult to achieve.
RubberWay assists in ensuring buyers meet their commitment to sustainable natural rubber.
Choosing RubberWay will support you in engaging your entire supply chain towards more sustainable practices.
RubberWay can support fulfilment of your reporting obligations, including those relating to Duty of Care and GPSNR Reporting requirements.
By detecting areas for intervention, RubberWay helps natural rubber buyers design geography specific mitigation action plans.
As the leading provider of rubber-related field data, RubberWay offers you access to unrivalled knowledge from its massive database.
"We strongly suggest the use of shared tools that are known to be successful."
"RubberWay is clearly an important large-scale project to improve the sustainability of the natural rubber supply chain."
“RubberWay has shared some very insightful results with GPSNR. The findings were key to inform our Working Groups (particularly relating to capacity building work) and helped us to better understand the situation on the ground to plot the way forward.”
"Our experience in using RubberWay has been very useful. The results allow us to develop a systematic and targeted CSR approach to deliver meaningful benefits to our long-term partners and to the rubber community."
"RubberWay is not only used as a risk assessment tool, but it also as an effective way to raise awareness on social and environmental topics, and to engage the actors of the supply chain towards more sustainable practices."
"RubberWay is used by processors to encourage intermediaries, large plantations and smallholders to self-assess their practices and express their needs."
"RubberWay could represent a good environmental and social risk assessment solution at the level of the GPSNR natural rubber industry."
"We are proud to be part of RubberWay. It is a useful tool for mapping our suppliers. It is simple and easy to operate by our employees and is operable even in remote locations.”
“RubberWay provides valuable information to understand the struggles of rubber smallholders and their workers, allowing us to identify interventions to enhance their well-being while protecting the environment.”


GOT MOSS? We can help you STOP THE MOSS! Whether you have moss on your lawn, on your roof, driveways or decks, we can help! Green and Clean Lawn Care has the solution to help you STOP THE MOSS!
Our unique process, specialized for the northwest, will minimize the use of chemicals that can harm you, your children, your pets, and our environment. Since 1997 we have been perfecting our product and services to provide you with the best MOSS REMOVAL treatments around. Today we offer many different services to help increase the health and vitality of your lawn as well as the lifetime of your roof, patios and decks.
Licensed & Insured


What to Prepare for the Winter: Commercial Landscaping Tips
No matter what season it is, you will need to know how to maintain the commercial landscape. However, preparing for winter is especially important because of how vulnerable plants are in cold temperatures. You can always hire commercial landscape contractors for help, but it would also be advantageous to be aware. With that said, the following explains what preparations you will need to make for the winter.
Before winter comes, you should take the time to aerate the lawns in the vicinity because it helps the soil to transition easily to the colder temperature. The more air comes through, the easier it will be able to adjust for winter. Aerating helps because once there is more air, the compacted soil can break down and water and nutrients can be absorbed easily by the soil.
Don’t forget to water the plants in the property during winter, especially when the temperature is above freezing. Most people would decide not to water because they think that the melting snow will be enough. It might take time to provide moisture for the plants and it would be better to manually water them. Moreover, commercial landscape contractors would recommend not to forget to winterize the irrigation system to avoid damaged pipes.
Add fertilizer to the lawn right before winter comes so that the turf is prepared and has the nutrients it needs throughout the season. If you fertilize, roots will stay healthy and continue to grow even in the cold temperature. Moreover, the plants will have a healthier growth by the time spring comes.
Preparing the landscape for the winter season is crucial to maintain the health of the plants. If you need help from a professional, you can check out Joshua's Landscaping Brookline. We are commercial landscape contractors based in Chestnut Hill, MA that meets the standards. Feel free to inquire about our landscape construction services that you might need.


Grain tarps are an outstanding cost effective technique of enhancing on-site grain storage promptly. Being able to hold grain on website helps to avoid backlogs as well as hold-ups to harvesting as well as grain farmers could also hang on to create while grain prices are low and sell when costs are a lot more beneficial to boost profit margins. If you are looking to boost your storage facilities this harvest, it is necessary to properly compute the number as well as size of grain tarpaulins you will have to keep all your grain on site.
There are a variety of alternatives for holding grain on website as well as the best choice will certainly be dictated by where you can physically locate your grain storage space locations and the quantity of grain that needs to be kept. The simplest and also most cost effective method of grain storage space is generally to create a wild heap. Building maintaining walls will certainly include considerably to the set up expense and also creating long-term storage centers such as silos calls for a big initial economic outlay.
The first step prior to purchasing your grain tarpaulins is to establish exactly the amount of grain should be saved. When the expected grain volume has been determined based upon anticipated yields it is then feasible to compute the amount of tarpaulin will be called for.
When grain is elevated and also dumped into a wild stack, the grain will normally develop a conical shape. If the quantity of grain is recognized, it is possible to calculate the dimension of the base of the stack and as a result determine just how much polytarp is needed. One of the best methods of calculating the tarpaulin dimension is to utilize a formula created by Thomas W. Dorn.
This differs depending on the kind grain being kept as well as need to be factored into the formula when calculating the size of your grain tarps. The computation can be made by just multiplying the number of bushels of grain to be saved by 17.95 for barley, 20.49 for wheat or 22.52 for Durham wheat.
For rectangle-shaped storage space areas the concept is the same, although the calculation is a little a lot more intricate as the base of the pile is a rectangular shape with 2 half cones at either end. To determine the storage quantity you need to initially calculate the area of two one-half cones at either end- utilizing the very same method as above as 2 halves makes a whole – and the rectangular base. Nonetheless considering that the pile has a triangular sample the quantity of the mid part is calculated by multiplying 0.5 x length x width x height. This is then added to the figure for the quantity stored at each end.
The easiest technique of determining the location of polyfabric required for grain storage tarps is to call the maker and ask. Tarpaulin producers providing the agricultural industry will certainly manage to tell you specifically how much poly fabric you require, and will certainly construct grain tarps and also grain bunker tarps to match the storage space volume as well as shape of your grain heap.
All you then require to do is get the site readied. The site should also be in a location with good drain.
Grain tarps are an excellent cost reliable method of boosting on-site grain storage space quickly. Being able to store grain on website helps to stop backlogs as well as delays to harvesting as well as grain farmers can additionally hold on to produce while grain costs are reduced as well as market when prices are a lot more good to increase revenue margins. If you are looking to increase your storage space facilities this harvest time, it is crucial to precisely determine the number and also size of grain tarps you will need to hold all of your grain on site.
There are a number of alternatives for storing grain on website and the finest selection will be directed by where you can literally locate your grain storage locations and also the volume of grain that requires to be kept.


Talahi Plant Sale
Native plants dug straight from members’ gardens along with herbs, trees, shrubs, annuals, homemade baked goods, and the ever-popular Green Elephant ~ the Talahi Plant Sale has it all!
*** NEW LOCATION***
Starts 9:00 am, April 20th, 2024 at Westminster Presbyterian Church
Our annual Plant Sale began in 1964 as an exchange among members and three years later was opened to the public. Originating on Talahi road in Sequoyah Hills, the eponymous event has enjoyed continous growth and is being held at Westminster Presbyterian Church on Northshore. The plant sale remains our primary fundraising project and generates the majority of revenue that KGC allocates to community projects. Garden Study Club, UTK and independent growers have become partners of the sale ensuring its continued success.
Everything You Need to Know for This Year's Sale:
We’ll be holding the sale at Westminster Presbyterian this year. The church is conveniently located at 6500 South Northshore Drive.
Grow Your Business with the Talahi Plant Sale
Become a sponsor or vendor at Knoxville’s favorite plant sale event. Please complete the form below and we’ll contact you.


Urth Caffé sources the finest imported black, green, white, and oolong teas from the most famous tea gardens of the world. Most are certified organic, or from traditional gardens that have been growing tea in harmony with nature for hundreds of years. Urth's herbal infusions are all our own developed recipes from fresh, hand-picked, 100% certified organic herbs. Urth expertly blends and scents all of our own fine teas to bring you the most exclusive experience.
Each year, Urth works directly with a tea garden to improve quality & sustainability, and to secure the "first pick" teas, which are the best. These select teas are air-shipped directly to Urth Caffé soon after harvest for an unrivaled freshness.
Our Asian teas have been produced for hundreds of years the traditional way - without chemicals. Many of our tea gardens have been certified organic. Every year Urth helps others who are not certified get their certification by paying the fee. Our tea farmers have great pride in the purity of their teas and are stewards of the land. We support fair trade and sustainable practices such as livestock programs and premium wages that improve the lives of the farmers and their families.
Jilla Berkman, co-founder and Urth Tea Master, oversees the in-house blending and scenting of all Urth Caffé teas. Some tea blends remain secret, known only to Jilla. These are blended by her, and her alone. Scenting teas require the finest, all-natural ingredients such as the certified organic, cold-pressed oil of bergamot which is used in our exclusive, organic Classic Earl Grey tea.
We offer the very best selection of fine black teas - orange pekoes, broken orange pekoes, oolongs from green to mature, green teas, white teas, scented, aged teas and herbal infusions. Our organic matcha comes from a single source family tea garden that produces exclusively for Urth. Every Urth Caffé tea is exclusive to Urth. Either the source or the blending of our teas is unique, so you won’t find it anywhere else on earth.


“The Martian,” is a what if movie that attempts to show how one man’s ingenuity, wit and spirit enable him to subsist in the harsh environment with only 31 days of supplies.
The film is directed by Ridley Scott, best known for his work directing the “Alien” movies and more recently “Prometheus” a story about deep space exploration in search of humankind’s origins.
Scientists roundly criticized “Prometheus” because of a number of inaccuracies and impossibilities in the movie.
“The Martin” features a star studded cast that includes Jessica Chastain, Kristen Wiig, Kate Mara, Michael Peña, Jeff Daniels, Chiwetel Ejiofor and Donald Glover.
Central to the movie, is Watney’s ability to grow his own food. So Martian dirt figures prominently in the movie. But would it actually be able to yield crops?
As it turns out, a major study was conducted in the Netherlands a few years ago and discovered that plants would not only grow, but could thrive in the Martian soil just like here on earth. But how could they prove that without actually going to Mars?
Simple, scientists used data from soil samples collected and analyzed by the Mars Viking One lander to simulate the Martian soil. Samples taken from near a volcano in Hawaii was nearly identical in composition. The also tested simulated lunar soil as well. A close match was found in the Arizona desert.
Incidentally, a company called Orbitec sells identical samples to the public for their own experiments. Check out Orbitec’s Web site.
As part of the experiment, scientists planted 14 different plants– carrots, tomatoes, wheat, some common weeds, and four plants that turn atmospheric nitrogen into plant food. As a control measure, they also test poor quality soil found on earth near the Rhine River in Germany.
“The results showed that plants are able to germinate and grow on both Martian and moon soil for a period of 50 days without any addition of nutrients,” according to the study.
Surprisingly, Martian soiled did the best. More than 60 percent of the seeds planted germinated. Lunar soil produced results but yields were poorer.
But the experiment was limited. It was impossible to determine how Mars’ low gravity, and other conditions might affect the plants’ ability to grow. Also unknown is whether heavy metals in the Martian soil might be absorbed by the plants and make vegetables poisonous to humans.
All in all, however, the central premise of “The Martian” is accurate enough to pass muster with ardent science fiction fans.
Check out the trailer below, let us know your thoughts and be sure to follow IM on Twitter for the latest movie news and analysis.


Bourse de mobilité pour le "Master PlantHealth" (2018/2020) dans le cadre du programme ERASMUS MUNDUS
The period to apply to the Master PlantHealth intake 3 (2018/2020) is now open.
As in previous calls, there are Erasmus Mundus scholarships available for the best candidates, and additional scholarships for students from Maghreb. The deadline to apply is 31st January 2018.
This European Master which has obtained the label of excellence ERASMUS MUNDUS focuses on plant health in sustainable cropping systems, oriented towards integrated crop protection.
For their 1st master year students can choose between Göttingen (Germany) and Valencia (Spain), both programmes being taught in English. Then they have the choice to do their specialization (second master year) either in the 3 campus Montpellier SupAgro, Agro Campus Ouest et AgroParisTech (France) –in French- or in Padova (Italy) or Valencia or Göttingen (different to the place where they have done their M1) –in English-.
The scholarships largely cover the costs of life, travel and insurance.
Students have to apply online in the following site: PlantHealth - Apply


Lihue Plantation, founded in 1849, was one of the oldest sugar plantations in Hawaii. The original investors were Henry Pierce, a Boston businessman, William Little Lee, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Hawaiian Kingdom, and Charles Reed Bishop, founder of Bishop Bank and husband to Bernice Pauahi, noblest of Hawaii’s alii. Lihue Plantation was one of the best financed, most expensive and most modern sugar company’s in Hawaii.
Sugar is a thirsty crop, It takes approximately 500 gallons of water to produce one pound of sugar. It also takes 1,000,000 gallons of water per day to irrigate 100 acres of sugar cane. Thus, Kaua’i with its abundance of natural resources; land, sun and most importantly, water, was ideal for growing cane. Mount Wai’ale’ale(rippling waters)and Mount Kawaikini(waters or multitude), some of the wettest spots on earth provided enough water to meet the high demand that cane had for water.
In order to tap into Kaua’i’s natural water resources, Lihue Plantation had to develop methods of carrying the water from the mountains to the cane fields that stretched, in some cases, all the way to the ocean. Hence, in 1856, Hawaii‘s landmark ditch, the Rice Ditch, was pioneered on Lihue Plantation by William Harrison Rice. It was the first irrigation ditch project in Hawaii and although it was not the success it might have been, planters no longer had to look for perfect conditions, now they could create them.
In 1870, the Hanama‘ulu Ditch, the ditch system currently used for Kaua‘i Backcountry Adventures Tubing Expedition, was engineered and constructed. The makings of the 4 mile Hanama‘ulu Ditch was done by hand utilizing sledge hammers, spikes, picks and manual labor. Although, no records of the ditch building have been found as of yet, it was hard work which was done, most likely, by Chinese laborers. Each tunnel and waterway of the Hanama‘ulu Ditch was constructed a bit differently, some using hand cut rock, grouted and placed by hand and some cut out of existing mountain sides. It was hard, manual work and could be dangerous. It is said that it took up to 1,000 workers at one time to build each ditch and no ditch took more than 2 years to build.
Lihue Plantation’s water collection system is extensive and is made up of 51 miles of ditches with 18 intakes. The Hanama’ulu Ditch System draws water as far away as the Hanalei Stream and merges with the North and South Fork of the Wailua River before it turns into the Hanama’ulu Ditch System. The four mile ditch system provides water to the Hanana’ulu basin. Today, the Hanama‘ulu Ditch System provides water for cattle ranchers, farmers and feeds projects such as the Lihue airport gateway project.
In the late 1900’s, Hawaii‘s sugar plantations closed their doors, one by one. Lihue Plantation was no exception. In November, 2000, Lihue Plantation was one of the last sugar plantations in Hawaii to close its doors


Pu Luong Peak
The Pu Luong Nature Reserve is decorated with limestone landscape, mountains covered by primary forest and jungle. The mountain range takes a big part of the land and allow to create some hidden valleys in between.
Pu Luong in local language means “The highest peak in the area” and culminates at a height of 1700m. Nothing to compare with the high mountains of the far north in Lao Cai, Lai Chau or Ha Giang. The scale in Pu Luong is more reasonable but allow an easier access to a larger group of people.
Besides, Pu Luong is also called as “the small Sapa” due to the rice fields terraces sliding down the hills or in the valleys. As the altitude is lower, it seems less impressive as the one of Sapa but it finally creates a closer connection to the nature. The rice fields are disseminated in different areas.
On the east side of the Reserve, to fulfill and amplify the beauty and peacefulness of the area, the Ma river is crossing the valley, meandering between karst peaks. The local getting benefits of this natural resource to fish and irrigate the rice fields and different cultivations.
Some small streams, that can grow during the rainy season, can be found in many places inside the jungle creating some small waterfalls. Hieu village is the perfect example with the multi stairs waterfall along the village.


Local communities in Brazil are taking the initiative to continue learning and find ways of thriving despite the COVID-19 lockdowns.
This has been a challenging time for so many of us. Lives have been upended; jobs have been lost, and celebrations have been postponed or canceled due to COVID-19 restrictions. Jacob’s Well communities in Brazil have faced similar challenges, compounded by poverty and limited health care access.
In the midst of this, though, we are seeing resilience with Bible studies and remote classes. Plus, the rains came in April which was a blessing for the farming efforts and water reserves.
As the U.S. slowly begins to reopen, we turn our eyes to other nations who are managing the crisis. In the Jacob’s Well communities, COVID-19 did arrive in Riacho da Porta and Morada Nova. Fortunately, the impact has been minimal overall, though the Jacob’s Well staff has been unable to continue activities in-person but continues to encourage and coach virtually.
The Blessing of Good Food
In one area, the work at the farming co-op continues under the guidance of Jacob’s Well agricultural expert Kaka. This month, areas were cleared for the planting of lime and papaya trees; organic fertilizer was applied to these areas as well as the garden area where the chives and cilantro are grown.
In another region, the farming co-op teams have been incredible with expanding their agricultural activities. The locals have demonstrated some impressive innovation as they plant of urucum (a popular Brazilian spice), use hydroponic techniques to raise chives and lettuce, and expand organic fertilizer production.
The hydroponics units in our other communities are doing very well. Members used the profit from one group of crops to purchase materials to construct a shade structure that will protect more vulnerable plants for the intense summer heat. This month they also began trial plantings of lettuce and chives in the units and planted a new crop of cilantro.
Our third major community experienced an incredible bean harvest, yielding 8½ large sacks that were distributed among the farming families.
The Work Continues in Many Forms
We are incredibly blessed and impressed by the forward movement in all communities despite Jacob’s Well staff not being able to be physically present during the lockdown. This shows the impact of the training and mentoring activities that have been underway months before the coronavirus emergency.
Outside of the farming activities, team members have participated in a local government program called Orange May to combat the rising issue of sexual abuse with children and adolescents. This problem is particularly come to light as a result of the lockdowns that forced everyone to stay home or in their small towns.
With this knowledge, the team hopes to expand their educational lessons and continue positively influencing local communities with the blessings of gospel-centered living.
Please continue to pray for the team in Brazil as they work to bring the hope of the Word of God to every part of people’s lives.


Shop Smart at Farmers' Markets
There are more than 3,000 farmers’ markets operating in the United States currently, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Is there any difference between buying from a chain supermarket and your local farmers’ market? Yes, says E Magazine, the online environmental magazine, for a number of reasons, not the least of which is your family’s health.
We hear all the time that eating fresh fruits and veggies are good for you, why? Well, some of the benefits of eating more fresh fruits and veggies are: reduced risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, obesity, and some types of cancer.
So, why isn't the produce we buy from supermarkets as good? Hmmm, think about this-produce can be shipped from across the country, trucked many times, and before it reaches you, the consumer, it can be dipped in wax and treated with chemicals to ensure that it is good to go when you get it. Oftentimes it can be weeks old!! Therefore the levels of nutrients have degraded. You will get the best nutrients from fruits and veggies soon after they are harvested.
Locally grown food travels only a short distance from farm to table. It’s pulled from the ground or plucked from trees and bushes 24 hours before consumers purchase it, and brought to market in reusable containers.
The benefits of farmers’ markets are far-reaching: They help preserve farmland and the rural landscape; insure the continued economic viability of the small family farm; counter the growth of agribusiness with its devastating impact on people and places, while supporting clean, environmentally sensitive farming practices; conserve energy; help maintain biodiversity in food plants; and contribute to regional prosperity.
Here are a few basic guidelines for handling, serving and saving fresh produce:
* Buy only the amount you can use in a short period of time.
* Look for produce that is free from unusual odors or colors and signs of spoilage (ex.mold).
* Handle produce gently to reduce bruising. Bacteria can thrive in the bruised areas.Cut off any bruised parts before eating
*Remember that buying under-ripe produce isn't always the best option. They may soften but not ripen (ex. nectarines, peaches)
*When buying cut produce, keep it cold during transport. Put it in a cooler with ice if traveling a distance.
* Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds with soap and water before handling produce and any other food.
* Wash all fruits and vegetables with cool running tap water right before eating. Don't use dish soap or detergent
* Scrub melons with a brush and running water. Bacteria can be transferred from the outside of the melon to the inside by a knife.
* Don't cross-contaminate: Use clean utensils and cutting boards when peeling or cutting up produce. Wash cutting boards with soap and water, rinse and sanitize between uses. A solution of 1 teaspoon bleach per quart of water is considered safe and effective.
* Cut away bruised parts before eating. Remove the outer leaves from lettuce and cabbage.
* Keep fresh cut produce cold by placing serving containers on ice. Perishable food should spend no more than two hours in the "danger zone" (40 to 140 F).
* Store produce in containers that are free from excess liquid.
*Refrigerate cut produce and use within a few days.


A competitive grass-weed with distinctive dark coloured seed heads (hence its common name) and now the most important herbicide-resistant weed of arable crops in Western Europe. More of a problem on heavier clay or silt soils, especially if drilled early and where there is minimum tillage.
A wide range of broad-leaved weeds occur in UK arable fields which have similar management
A group of competitive annual arable grassy weed species with flower heads that droop as they mature
Herbicide resistant weeds:the current situation in the UK
Resistant weeds, especially black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides), are widespread in the UK. Farmers need to reduce their dependency on herbicides and use more non-chemical methods of weed control.
How competitive are different weed species?
Relative competitive ability of 26 weed species in winter wheat crops
An upright annual grassy weed. Two species of rye-grass commonly occur in the UK: perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne) and Italian rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum). Perennial rye-grass rarely occurs as a serious weed in UK arable crops, except after rye-grass seed crops, whereas Italian rye-grass is an increasing problem, especially in autumn-sown crops.


What is net primary productivity?
Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is a crucial concept in ecology that represents the amount of energy producers capture in an ecosystem through photosynthesis minus the energy these producers expend during respiration. Essentially, it’s the net amount of solar energy converted to organic matter after the energy costs of plant metabolism are accounted for.
In simpler terms, think of it as the “profit” of energy that plants have after they’ve paid their “bills” (respiration). This “profit” is what’s available for plant growth, reproduction, and consumption by herbivores and other trophic levels.
Mathematically: NPP=GrossPrimaryProductivity(GPP)−Respiration(R)NPP=GrossPrimaryProductivity(GPP)−Respiration(R) Where:
- GPP is the total amount of energy captured by photosynthesis.
- Respiration (R) is the energy plants use for their metabolic activities.
NPP is essential because it represents the energy available for all non-photosynthetic organisms in an ecosystem. This includes everything from the herbivores that eat the plants to the predators that eat those herbivores, and so on up the food chain. Additionally, understanding NPP is crucial for studies related to carbon sequestration, as plants play a vital role in capturing and storing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
What is the difference between primary productivity and net primary productivity?
Primary and net primary productivity are essential concepts in ecology, particularly when discussing energy flow and the carbon cycle in ecosystems. Here’s a breakdown of the differences between the two:
- Primary Productivity (PP) refers to the total rate at which plants and other photosynthetic organisms produce organic compounds in an ecosystem. Essentially, it’s the total amount of energy that plants capture and convert into organic substances through photosynthesis.
- Net Primary Productivity (NPP): This is the rate at which plants and other photosynthetic organisms produce and store these organic compounds after subtracting the energy they use for respiration (the energy they expend while “breathing” and maintaining their own metabolic activities).
Mathematical Relationship: NPP=PP−RespirationNPP=PP−Respiration
- Primary Productivity: Gives a measure of the total energy captured by photosynthetic organisms in an ecosystem. It’s essential for understanding the energy input of an ecosystem.
- Net Primary Productivity: Represents the energy that remains available for growth and reproduction of primary producers and for consumption by higher trophic levels (like herbivores). It’s the actual “profit” of energy that plants have after their metabolic costs.
- When ecologists want to understand the total energy input in an ecosystem, they look at primary productivity.
- When they want to understand how much energy is available for other organisms or plant growth and reproduction, they look at net primary productivity.
For instance, consider a grassland ecosystem. If the grasses and other plants in this ecosystem capture 1,000 units of energy from the sun in a year, that’s the primary productivity. But if they use 200 of those units for their own respiration, then only 800 units are left for their growth and consumption by animals. Those 800 units represent the net primary productivity of the ecosystem.
Sorry, there were no replies found.
Log in to reply.


Festivals of India in the month of September
Amongmong festival is observed in the first week of September..The festival is mainly celebrated by Sangtam tribe in Nagaland. The tribe celebrates about 12 festivals in the year all related to food production.
The festival is celebrated for six days and each day of the festival has its unique importance. Tribal people celebrate the festival of Amongmong at the time of harvesting new crops in the fields. People worship their deity of the house and the three cooking stones in the fireplace to mark the celebration of the Amongmong Festival. Tribe considers that by celebrating and worshiping the deity during the festival, they will be blessed for good health, opulence, rich harvest and prosperity.


Kirsty Valentine and mum, Di, appeal to the ‘pop-up’ thieves
Published: 1 June, 2012
by KHALEDA RAHMAN
THIEVES with a taste for herbs raided one of the first “pop-up” gardens planted in Mildmay earlier this year.
Nine pop-up gardens were planted by residents as part of the Chelsea Flower Show Fringe Festival and to spruce up the area in time for the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee.
But pub owner Kirsty Valentine, 44, who runs the Alma, was aghast to wake up and find the hard work of groups – including the Newington Green Traders Association, Mildmay Community Partnership, Newington Green Action Group, the Mayville Gardening Club and the De Beauvoir Gardeners – had been undone by thieves.
While Kirsty’s crops were intact, others had vanished, including one outside the Mother Earth shop.
Nicola Freshwater, who chairs King Henry’s Walk Garden and who is leading the project, said: “It seems that our local thieves are keen cooks! Shame they don’t have any community spirit, though.”
Now the group responsible for the gardens have appealed to the local community to rescue the pop-ups by planting spare herbs and flowers from their own gardens.
Kirsty’s mother Di, 73, got to work immediately: “We wanted to make the area look prettier and make Newington Green stand out from the crowd,” she said.


Agri-business: an industry under pressure to innovate
An industry with a lot of responsibility. What drives it?
- The core challenge is to supply a growing population with high-quality food on limited farmland. This task has long forced players in this market to adopt innovative cultivation techniques, efficiency through digitalization and product innovation.
- Climate change and extreme weather are increasingly making growing and harvesting conditions more difficult. Resources such as water, fertile soil and energy are becoming scarce and expensive.
- Tradex policy measures and market price fluctuations require fast responsiveness, good risk management and stable supply chains.
- At the same time, declining sales in the agricultural machinery sector are emerging, driven by efficiency gains, declining acreage and increasingly versatile machinery.
Few other sectors are more about balancing growth and sustainability while being profitable. It’s about maximizing efficiency through technology and new digital business models that provide the answers to the big questions of our time.
You don’t have to solve this overwhelming task alone. Let’s talk.
By 2050, about 70% more food than today will need to be produced to feed the world’s population.
Today, only about 14% of the agricultural land in Germany is certified BIO. The German government has set a targetof 30% by 2030.
43% of all global AgriTech investments were recently made by European companies.
Opportunities through new technologies
Farm management software
Implement comprehensive software solutions that integrate various aspects of farm management, including planning, monitoring, inventory management and financial analysis. With these tools, farmers can streamline operations, optimize resource management, and make data-driven decisions to increase overall productivity and profitability.
Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture
Using IoT devices and sensors to collect real-time data on soil moisture, temperature, crop growth and livestock. This data enables farmers to make informed decisions, remotely monitor and manage their operations and efficiently manage resources.
Integrating financial solutions into agriculture, such as mobile banking, digital payment systems and crop insurance platforms. Agri-FinTech facilitates access to financial services, mitigates risk for farmers and improves the efficiency of financial transactions within the agricultural value chain.
Applying advanced analytics and algorithms to predict crop yields, disease outbreaks, and market trends. Predictive analytics provide farmers with insights that enable them to optimize production, reduce losses and make informed decisions in response to market dynamics.
Peter has been working in corporate business building for 10 years. Before joining DevelopX, he gained entrepreneurial experience as a founder of several start-ups, including in the graphics and development space. He worked as a venture partner at one of the leading corporate venture builders, where he developed and launched several digital companies. He started his professional career at the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) advising international banks, construction groups on strategic issues.
Peter studied History and Fine Arts at the universities of Mainz and Yale. At DevelopX, he focuses on the energy, construction and agricultural sectors.


Georgia honey bees are getting the life sucked out of them! Their enemy is varroa mites. These external parasites attack bees, and because bees have a low immune system, the varroa often kill them. To solve the issue, a chemical product has been created to get rid of the mites. This technique has been used by bee keepers for over 25 years, according to Georgia Certified Master Craftsman Beekeeper Bill Owens. The problem is, this pesticide harms bees. This is a global issue. According to University of Georgia Entomologist Keith Delaplane, “Bees are responsible for more than $215 billion of food production worldwide annually.” The death of bees will impact the health of humankind. It’s obvious that scientists must continue the search for a pesticide that eliminates the varroa mites but keeps the bees.


Post-doctoral position at the Institute for Plant Biotechnology (IPB)
Title: Proteomic analysis of plants treated with growth promoting substances and functional analysis of the genes identified
Plants will be treated with growth-promoting substances and analyzed for changes in protein expression. Proteins that are up or down-regulated will be further characterized, and the corresponding genes functionally analyzed using reverse genetic approaches. This will include genes that have been identified previously.
Requirements for the position
The successful candidate should
- have a strong background in plant molecular biology
- have an excellent track record of published research
- have knowledge and insight into the analytical techniques for proteomic analysis.
For further enquiries, please contact Prof Jens Kossmann, tel 021 808 3834 or firstname.lastname@example.org


Gardening tips for life pt 3
My plant has enemies?
Time for a third gardening tip for life.
I have already talked about weeding my garden and pruning my plants. Here is something I don’t always think about. My garden has enemies.
Sounds crazy, but it’s true. One year I lost my strawberries to slugs. Another year I lost some of my beans to bunnies. Then I tried to expand my garden to the side of the house, but it was too shady, and the plants did not grow well. Bugs, critters, and shade are all enemies of my garden.
So I bought some insect killer, and sprinkled it around my plants, which took care of the little devouring bugs. (unfortunately we did not enjoy strawberries that year). Last year I put up a chicken wire fence around the garden, and a started sprinkling the hair from my hair cuts around the plants. It’s true, many animals will smell the human scent and stay away from the plants. And I know that plants need lots of sun, but I tried to take advantage of some extra space in the shade, but it really did not pay off much.
So I found ways to protect my garden from the enemies. Once again, transfer those tips to everyday life.
We have enemies.
Time and money are often enemies. Some relationships are toxic and not beneficial. And of course, Be self-controlled and alert. Your enemy the devil prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour. (! Peter 5:8)
I took steps to protect my plants, and my plants grew better because of those steps. I can also take steps to protect myself from the enemies who might try to ruin the fruit of my life.
In talking about weeds and pruning, I learned that time and money can end up being an enemy. I may need to prune and weed my life so I am a better steward of both time and money, and eliminate the threat they sometimes pose.
You may have people you associate with that are negative and drag you down. It may be a ‘friend’ or a coworker. It may be time to prune back the time you spend around these people, who are a negative influence.
If I want my plants to grow healthy, they need lots of sunlight. Jesus said he is “the light of the world.” (John 8:12)and if I want to life healthy, I need lots of time in the light. Church time, prayer time, bible reading time are all ways to stay healthy in the light.
Gardening is a lot like life, and we can learn a lot from a tomato plant.
Let me know what you think of these gardening tips for life. Send an email or post a comment.
Check out all the Gardening tips for life!
Are you looking for more great family devotion resources? Check out an Amazon #1 best selling children’s ministry book: Got Fruit: a guide to family devotions based on the fruit of the spirit. This is the entire set of devotions, all in one place!
Your child’s relationship with God must extend beyond Sunday morning. Parents have to take a leading role in the discipleship of their kids. Based on the Fruit of the Spirit, Got Fruit? is an effective tool to help parents disciple their children. If you are
looking for help with your family devotion time, click here– Got Fruit? is for you! Through this devotional you will be guided through discussions that build on each of the 9 fruits of the spirit. Each of the 9 devotionals include bible passages that highlight the highlighted fruit as well as a few related thoughts. Also included is a series of discussion questions that will help you guide your children in a conversation to bring truth and understanding. This short devotional is a perfect tool to guide you as you disciple your children into a deeper relationship and understanding with God.


Arabica beans are generally considered to be of higher quality and have a more complex flavor than Robusta beans. They are known for their sweet and fruity flavors, with notes of berries, citrus, and floral aromas. Arabica beans have a lower caffeine content, which contributes to their milder flavor. They are typically grown at higher altitudes and have a longer maturation period, which contributes to their unique flavor profile.
Robusta coffee beans, on the other hand, have a strong and bold flavor. They have a higher caffeine content, which gives them a bitter and slightly earthy taste. Robusta beans are typically grown at lower altitudes and have a shorter maturation period, which contributes to their more robust flavor. They are also more resistant to pests and diseases, making them easier to grow and more affordable than Arabica beans.
Different species of Arabica beans:
There are numerous types of coffee beans, each with a distinctive flavor characteristic, all belonging to the Arabica genus. Bourbon, Typica, Caturra, and Maragogipe are a few kinds that are popular. The flavor of bourbon beans is well-rounded and sweet, with hints of chocolate, caramel, and nuts. The flavor of Typica beans is richer and more delicate than Bourbon beans, with hints of citrus, florals, and fruit.
Caturra beans are a mutation of the Bourbon variety and have an intense and fruity flavor. They have notes of berries, citrus, and tropical fruits, and are often used in specialty blends and single-origin coffees. Maragogipe beans, also known as “elephant beans,” are the largest variety of Arabica beans. They have a smooth and delicate flavor, with notes of chocolate, nuts, and honey.
Different species of Robusta Coffee:
Within the Robusta species, there are also many varieties of coffee beans, each with its own unique flavor profile. Some common varieties include Catimor, Conillon, and Jember. Catimor beans are a cross between Robusta and Arabica beans and have a bold and spicy flavor, with notes of pepper and nutmeg. Conilon beans are similar to Catimor beans, but have a more intense and earthy flavor, with notes of chocolate and nuts.
Robusta beans of the WJember kind are cultivated in Indonesia. They have a distinct flavor with hints of fruit, spices, and chocolate. They are frequently used in single-origin and specialty blends of coffee.
The final cup’s flavor might vary depending on how the coffee is roasted and prepared in addition to the various types of coffee beans. Lightly roasted coffee has a mild, delicate flavor that more prominently showcases the natural qualities of the beans. A balanced and nuanced flavor with hints of chocolate and nuts can be found in medium-roast coffee. More roasting flavors can be tasted in dark roasted coffee, which has a strong and robust flavor. A coffee blend can also be personalized to fit any flavour profile.
With the rise of coffee clubs, coffee lovers are more open and broad-minded about the various taste profiles of coffee. Coffee shops have never been hot spots until recent times, nowadays people of all ages tend to chill with a cup of coffee and get their work done. With the influence of different cultures and regions, people expand their coffee-tasting horizon based on different blends, different roasts, and various unique brewing methods.
In summary, the different types of coffee beans and their flavor profiles are influenced by the species of the coffee plant, the type of coffee bean, the roasting and preparation methods used, and also whether it is man-made or machines prepared. These factors combine to create the wide range of flavors and aromas found in coffee from around the globe which in turn fit the taste buds of coffee drinkers.