The co-founder of Apiterra, which sets up and maintains beehives at company and organisation premises in central Paris is developing an agricultural pollination service with its US-based arm Ubees.
“If bees are disappearing, that also means that 30% of our food supply is disappearing” explains Arnaud Lacour, speaking from the communal working space at WeWork in Manhattan, where Ubees – the latest creation by this French serial-entrepreneur – is based. The young start-up is offering American farmers a system of interlinked hives whose bees will pollinate crops. He adds: “The United States has a greater need than France for additional beehives because agriculture in the US is more intensely based on farmers growing a single crop (mono-cropping), which, combined with pesticide use, is responsible for killing bees”.
Arnaud Lacour is very pleased with one of his recent recruits: “it is without doubt the smartest piece of recruitment that we’ve secured” he explains, describing the person in charge of the bee keeping programme at UC Davis (University of California). “He has opened many doors for us”. The hives that Ubees rents to American farmers, particularly on the west coast, are monitored remotely.
“The queen bee’s brood chamber at the heart of the hive must always stay at 34°. If the temperature moves from this level, it means that the queen has died. If there is no intervention within the following fifteen days, then the entire hive will die” Arnaud Lacour continues. Ubees’ second generation (2.0) hives mean that such intervention can happen much sooner. Ubees uses various different techniques to tackle bee mortality, which it has been able to reduce by 30% at its hives to 10%.
Ubees is growing by purchasing beekeeping companies and upgrading them by deploying its technologies. The company plans to bring this wealth of expertise – built up from its experiences in America – to France. “France has recently banned the use of neo-nicotinoids in agriculture and is now at the forefront of the fight against the causes of bee mortality” adds Arnaud Lacour, who avoids any hint of pessimism. In the USA, the number of hives has plummeted by around half in recent years, dropping from 5 to 2.5 million. Honey production fell by a third. “There are solutions that can prevent the extinction of bees” he insists “but they must now be implemented before it is too late”.
A bright future for Apiterra
Apiterra was Arnaud Lacour’s first company, which he co-founded ten years ago in Paris with Ronan de Kervénoaël, and its ascension will continue even before it starts marketing its beehives to farmers in France. Apiterra’s main activity thus far is installing and maintaining beehives – for an annual charge – at company buildings and sites, which then produce honey labelled by colour. The company numbers Hermès, Clarins, L’Oréal, Accor and Guerlain amongst its clients. Apiterra also offers training for city dwellers wanting to learn about beekeeping. Paradoxically, the rate of bee mortality in Paris is less than in the countryside, where mono-cropping and pesticides are decimating hives. With the growth of city agriculture and planted, vegetative roofs, Apiterra’s future looks bright.


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Name: Abdurrahman Adam (23019006)
Advisors: 1. Prof. Dr. Tjandra Setiadi | 2. Dr. Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati
Research Title and Description:
Evaluation of Fermentation of Empty Fruit Bunch in Repeated Batch Reactor
Indonesia begins to push palm oil industries to utilize empty fruit bunches (EFB) waste, for instance, to produce eco-friendly and cheap xylitol. Nonetheless, to date, xylitol production has not been optimal yet and the operational cost is high especially in fermentation stage. Reactor configuration with repeated batch system is indicated to increase xylitol fermentation performance and depress the operational cost. The objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of repeated-batch fermentation configuration in xylitol production. The results are used to review the feasibility of repeated-batch reactor application in xylitol production.


We host a relaxed, outdoor communal dining experience set on a long table catering for up to 200 people, in a unique setting.
By bringing together local producers, local ingredients and local chefs, we create a remarkable and uncompromisingly high-quality five course meal with outstanding matching wines.
Featuring fresh local ingredients, such as gourmet tomatoes, grass-fed beef and organic free range chicken, we bring our plates to the places where the food is grown… be it a farm, garden, mountain range or winery.
We bring our plates to the places where the food is found – in the rolling green hills of an organic beef farm, between vine rows and fruit trees, or overlooking Australia’s most vibrant fisheries.
Great local chefs use their talents and passion for fine food, to showcase delicious ingredients in a five course dining experience.
Our selected menus feature local, fresh and seasonal vegetables, fruits and herbs that complement each other to showcase regional influences and dining specialties.
Wherever possible we introduce local wines that complement our dishes to enhance your relaxed and casual dining experience.
Saturday, 18 March 2017
Join chef Sean Heyward for a beautiful autumn afternoon of outdoor long table dining at Traveston Park, Montville in the Sunshine Coast hinterland. Sean will be preparing a special, paddock to plate five course meal, with matched wines from our partner Woongooroo Estate Winery.
Limited places available
Valid for one year from the date of purchase.
As life-long learners and educators, we enjoy hosting epic dining experiences that showcase local produce and producers in their local environment. We love to create learning opportunities where chefs and growers can share their specialised knowledge and skills to enhance your culinary enjoyment, while showcasing some of the amazing and lesser known locations our country has to offer.


Stories from our "Little House in the City". Follow a couple of novice gardners & their kids as we attempt to grow all our own veggies. Bake Our Own Bread. Compost. Seriously consider Getting A Goat & a Couple of Chickens. And maybe start a CSA.
Monday, June 14, 2010
a little bragging
Ate the first tomato (an Early Girl) and the first radish from the garden. Both thinly sliced & lightly salted. Used the peppery radish as the "bread" and the tomato as the filling. Yummmmmmy.


Organic cotton is a type of cotton that is grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Instead, organic farmers use natural methods to grow cotton that is healthier for both the environment and people. Organic cotton is becoming increasingly popular as people become more aware of the benefits it offers.
In this article, we’ll explore the benefits of organic cotton for bedding and clothing. We’ll look at why it’s the perfect choice for those who want to enjoy a comfortable and healthy lifestyle. So, let’s dive in!
What is Organic Cotton?
Organic cotton is grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Instead, organic farmers use natural methods to grow cotton that is healthier for both the environment and people.
How is Organic Cotton Different from Regular Cotton?
Regular cotton is grown using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and GMOs. These chemicals are harmful to the environment and can have a negative impact on the health of people who come into contact with them. Organic cotton, on the other hand, is grown without these harmful chemicals, making it a healthier and more sustainable option.
Advantages of Choosing Organic Cotton for Bedding and Clothing
Organic cotton offers many advantages over regular cotton, especially when it comes to bedding and clothing. Here are just a few of the reasons why you should consider choosing organic cotton for your next bedding or clothing purchase.
Breathability and Comfort
Organic cotton is highly breathable, which means it allows air to circulate freely through the fabric. This helps to regulate your body temperature, keeping you cool in the summer and warm in the winter. It’s also very soft and comfortable against your skin, making it the perfect choice for bedding and clothing.
Durability and Longevity
Organic cotton is stronger and more durable than regular cotton. This means that it lasts longer and can withstand regular wear and tear. In addition, organic cotton products are often made to a higher standard, which means they are less likely to fall apart or develop holes over time.
Organic cotton is naturally hypoallergenic, which means it is less likely to cause an allergic reaction. This is because it is grown without the use of harsh chemicals that can irritate the skin.
Sustainability and Eco-Friendliness
Organic cotton is grown using natural methods that are better for the environment. This means that it doesn’t contribute to the pollution and degradation of soil and water that can occur with regular cotton production. In addition, organic cotton is often produced in a way that supports local communities and promotes sustainable farming practices.
Softness and Quality
Organic cotton is known for its softness and high quality. This is because the cotton fibers are not damaged by the harsh chemicals used in regular cotton production. Instead, the fibers are left intact, resulting in a fabric that is soft, durable, and of a higher quality.
Anti-bacterial and Anti-Fungal Properties
Organic cotton has natural anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. This means that it is less likely to develop odors or harbor bacteria and fungi, which can be a problem with regular cotton fabrics. This makes it a great choice for clothing and bedding that is used regularly.
How to Care for Your Organic Cotton Bedding and Clothing
Taking care of your organic cotton bedding and clothing is easy. Here are some tips to help you keep them looking and feeling great:
- Wash your organic cotton bedding and clothing in cold water with a mild detergent. Avoid using bleach or fabric softeners.
- Line dry your organic cotton bedding and clothing or tumble dry on low heat. Avoid high heat, as it can damage the fibers.
- Iron your organic cotton clothing on a low heat setting, if necessary.
- Store your organic cotton bedding and clothing in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
Organic cotton is the perfect choice for those who want to enjoy a comfortable and healthy lifestyle. It offers many benefits over regular cotton, especially when it comes to bedding and clothing. Organic cotton is breathable, durable, hypoallergenic, sustainable, and of a higher quality than regular cotton. It also has natural anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties, making it a great choice for clothing and bedding that is used regularly. Taking care of your organic cotton bedding and clothing is easy and will help ensure that they last for years to come. So why not make the switch to organic cotton today? Your body and the environment will thank you.


What is organic food?
What does natural food stand for? Organic food stands for fresh, pure, honest and organic food in which varied food is important. If you use food correctly, it can bring you a lot, because you get all the nutrients that we need. It feeds instead of filling it just like most supermarket products do. You eat from the season, unprocessed and without additives.
You choose organic food if you want food to contribute to your physical and mental health. Organic food has a lot of influence on your overall health. In this way you are entitled to your self-healing ability and your vitality is also strengthened. Furthermore, organic food is also richer in taste.
You are what you eat. So do not be fast, cheap, easy or fake
It is grown with respect for humans, animals, plants and earth. This is done by giving the animals a lot of living space, allowing them to grow at their own pace and no limbs are amputated like horns and beaks. Nor do the animals receive preventive antibiotics. With plants, among other things, they can grow at their own pace without the use of chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizer. Also crop rotation takes place so that the soil does not deplete.
In addition to all this, the farmer also gets a fair price for his delivered products. Thus the entire cycle is happy and healthy.
You can see whether it is biological (dynamic) at the following labels:
The most common reasons that you can use natural food for include:
- Healthy (er) lifestyle
- Varied (er) eating pattern
- Gastric / intestinal complaints
- ADHD / ADD
- Overweight or underweight
- High bloodpressure
- Sleep problems
- Binge eating
- Headache / migraine
- Detoxing / cleaning
Of course there are many more reasons. If you want to know whether there is also an advice for your complaint or need in natural food, ask me the question, because I will gladly help you on your way to a more vital health.


Your health starts with food.
But what we eat doesn’t always reflect this fact. Only 11% of total calories in The Standard American Diet come from fruits, vegetables, whole grains and nuts—and more than half come from highly processed foods.
How your food is produced is important, too.
Over time, conventional agricultural methods depleted the soil and reduced the nutrient density of what we eat. In some cases, the loss is up to 38%. Combined with he calorie dense Standard American Diet, we’re facing “hidden hunger” and the epidemic rise of lifestyle diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Concurrently, we are losing topsoil to erosion at the breathtaking rates while more than 80% of the land is dedicated to industrialized animal production that produces only 18% of the calories and 37% of the protein. However, there’s another way forward: regenerative healthcare.
This is wholistic system in which agriculture and healthcare work in tandem. Together, they inform a prevention/regenerative-based approach to human and environmental healthcare.
We are pleased to share with you a new white paper we created in partnership with Rodale Institute*, that examines these pressing issues and offer steps to a healthier future. “The Power of the Plate” is a wholistic analysis of the deeply intertwined relationship between agriculture, nutrition, and medicine.
Explore the system that can change everything. Experience the Power of the Plate.


Isolation and Characterization of Fungi Associated with Spoiled Tomatoes
1.1 Background to the study
Evidently, food spoilage refers to various changes in which the food becomes less palatable or even toxic to consumers these changes may be accompanied by alterations in taste, smell, appearance or texture.
Tomato is a major vegetable crop that has achieved tremendous popularity over the last century. However, tomato plants can grow up to 10 feet tall, but most species are less than three feet tall on average (Yoltao 1985). In addition, tomato plants are perennial, have a weak stem that often sprawls over the ground and vines over other plants (Sravanthi and Gangadhar, 2015).
Indeed, fruit of tomato are diverse in size and shape, ranging from small and round to large and variable shapes (Brewer et al., 2006). Thus, the size of tomato varies depending on the plant species. Cherry tomato plants produce small, cherry-sized tomatoes (Yoltao, 1985).
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the family solanaceae and it is an annual sub-tropical fruit vegetable crop. The Lycopersicon esculentum M. (tomato) is an important vegetable crop across the world, originated in West South America (Kimura and Sinha, 2008). The fruits of tomato are popular throughout the world and are used in all kind of stews, soups and also eaten raw in salads.
Without a doubt, ripe tomato fruits have high nutritive values, being a good source of vitamin A, B, C and minerals (Elsayed and Edrees, 2014).
The crop is grown either on open field or under greenhouse technology. Open field production account for 95 % while greenhouse technology accounts for 5 % of the total tomato production (Seminis, 2007). Nigeria is among the Africa’s leading producer of tomato. Hence, Nigeria is ranked 6th in Africa with a total production of 397,007 tones (Usam, 2012).
However, the nutritional value of tomato makes it a widely accepted vegetable by consumers. Fruits are rich in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, niacin, iron, folate. Vitamin A, B6, Vitamin E, Vitamin B2, Vitamin C, iron and carbohydrates (Wamache, 2005). Furthermore, the fruit has medicinal value as a gentle stimulant for kidneys, and washing off toxins that contaminate the body systems. Therefore, it improves the status of dietary anti-oxidants (lycopene, ascorbic acid and phenols) in diet (George et al., 2004).
Moreover, fungi affecting Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) includes Fusarium oxyspanium, Fusarium stolonifer, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer. Result on the percentage incidence and rot shows that Rhizopus stolonifer caused the greatest rot on tomato fruit. (Chuku, Ogbonna, Onue, 2012).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Tomatoes are an attractive cash crop for small scale farmers and provide potential source of employment to many Nigerians. Despite the human need of tomato, damage as a result of spoilage caused by micro-organisms has been of serious concern. In fact microbial decay is one of the main factors that determine losses and compromises the quality of the produce.
Both the biological and physical damages during the harvest and transportation phases. Coupled with large amount of water and soft endocarp makes tomatoes more susceptible to spoilage by fungi.
In order to provide literature on this area, few studies on fungi associated with tomato spoilage are available in Nigeria. This then motivated the researcher to investigate into Isolation and Characterization of Fungi Associated with Spoiled Tomatoes.
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Abstractselection of a viable irrigation cropping system, while considering all agronomy and extension constraints, has always been a scientific and. Optimizing cropping pattern to maximize water productivity m. Optimization of multiobjective cropping pattern using. R2015a software to validate the performance of the proposed model. The crop inputs of the cropwat software are the following. Moea can be a very useful tool for deriving reservoir operational policies. The determination of optimal cropping pattern using. The tool integrates life cycle assessment principles and water footprint accounting. Abstract in this paper, an optimization model was formulated to maximize profit from cultivation while satisfying several factors like cropping area, irrigation water supply, cropping cycle, market demand. Oct 30, 20 proper planning and management of irrigation is vital in achieving food security for the burgeoning global population and sustaining livelihoods.
Goals objectives the ultimate goal of this research project is to help local growers optimize the production of their crops through an optimum water management program and minimize unnecessary water, nutrient and pesticide losses. A systematic multiobjective optimization tool for crop area allocation is developed. Pdf optimization of irrigation cropping pattern by using linear. Linear programming is used for multiple crop models and dynamic programming for single crop model. Select varieties that are proven to consistently produce high yields in your area. All workshop material, including slides, model code, model results, and software will be provided. Introduction irrigated crop production is an important component of agriculture in western kansas. The evineyard and eorchard farm management application offers full integration of vinduino sensor data, and provides work planning and ipm models saving time, cost, and resources. It implements the more crop per drop strategy and provides simple tools for. Develop, refine, and test cropping systems and agronomic practices for traditional and highvalue irrigated crops that result in efficient and economical crop production. Tools for improving management of irrigated agricultural.
However the cropping pattern and optimal deficit levels of different crops changed as the surface water availability is reduced. Delineation of management zones and optimization of. The decision support system analyzes how applied irrigation water translates into crop water availability and how crop water availability relates to crop yields. Optimization of water resources in the northern province. The spatial variations of crops, irrigation water needs, crop yields and food.
In this presentation, we focus on the technology and. Optimization of water resources in the northern province river basins for irrigation schemes used for food production in sri lanka kirshanth, l. Optimal irrigation planning and operation of multi. Best irrigation practices to optimize crop production of. Here is the list of best software to crop pdf files. This software offers a solution to users who want to crop a jpgjpeg image quickly. Multiobjective optimization of rainfed and irrigated agricultural areas considering production and environmental criteria. Optimizing crop production with drip irrigation a major challenge in increasing the income of resourcepoor and smallholder producers is to transform them into commercially competitive farmerentrepreneurs. Granular is farm management software that makes it easier to operate and manage a stronger, more sustainable farm. The software combines simulation, evaluation, operational analysis, and design functionalities. Application of fuzzy multiobjective programming in.
This requires improvement in quantity and quality of farm yields if they are to pursue market opportunities. Optimization model for onfarm irrigation management of. The model has been tested with the data obtained from a watermelon crop. Hall and dracup 1970 proposed a linear programming model to maximize the net return and select an optimal cropping pattern 5. As the final year of the sca 1012006 3312007 work focused on completing ongoing studies. Calibration of a crop model to irrigated water use using a. Deficit irrigation toolbox professur fur hydrologie tu dresden. Linear programming model to optimize water supply and. At smart fertilizer, our mission is to empower growers worldwide to make the right decisions so that they can increase profits and improve the environment.
Specific objectives of this project are as follows. Cropwat is a decision support tool developed by the land and water development division of fao. This paper develops a nonlinear optimization model for the determination of optimal cropping patterns in irrigated agriculture. So far, many studies have been done on determining cropping pattern for sustainability agriculture in the country and abroad some of which are as follows. Optimizing drip irrigation system design for onion crop. Linear programming model for optimal cropping pattern for. The landsat program offers continuity and nocost imagery. The result is the optimal allocation of shortterm supply of irrigation water. The idea behind this model is to assess the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of precipitation to determine the amount of irrigation water required to optimize water use. Besides the discussion of previous works performed in water optimization, this study comprises five sections. Irrigation optimization irrigation optimization is about knowing when and how to irrigate and having the confidence to make the right call. Optimization model for agricultural reclaimed water. Galanmartin 11 presented a decisionsupport tool based on a multistage lp.
The optimization approach is based on dynamic programming. Integrating geospatial data and cropping system simulation. The objective function of the model is based on cropwater production functions, irrigation technology used, and costs and prices of the products. Evaluate crop and cultivar performance under irrigated environments. An optimization technique for cropping patterns and land consolidation. The technical program at the irrigation show is where those in the know go to learn about cuttingedge industry developments, including. Optimization of the cropping pattern in northern and southern part of the jordan valley under drought conditions and limited water availability rawabdeh h. Optimization of irrigation scheduling using ant colony algorithms and an advanced cropping system model. Taken together, the results demonstrate that welldesigned software tools and algorithms for data processing and interpretation can be potentially transformative for integrating multiple geospatial data sets to compute optimum scenarios for precision irrigation management. Optimization of the cropping pattern in northern and. A linear programming model to optimize cropping pattern in.
Learn how to build, use, and interpret optimization models written in gams to improve the performance of water use in crop irrigation for local, provincial, and national needs. Kelk crop optimization performance guarantees have never been equalled by any competitor, and have been met or exceeded 100% of the time. In the present study the moflp models have been developed for the optimal cropping pattern planning which maximizes the four objectives such as net benefits nb, crop production cp, employment generation eg and manure utilization mu under conflicting situation and also, for maximization of releases for irrigation ri and releases for power rp simultaneously under uncertainty by. Both gp and fgp models have solved using lindo software.
Proper planning and management of irrigation is vital in achieving food security for the burgeoning global population and sustaining livelihoods. The software is composed by five modules that interchange input and output data to evaluate the crosseffects of collective network design, onfarm irrigation design, meteorology and cropping pattern on economic productivity. Abstract sri lankan consumes rice as the main source of food. The water requirement depends on the crop, its area and the yield objective. Simulation and optimization for irrigation and crop planning. Deficit irrigation toolbox dit is an opensource software to simulate and. Integrated nonlinear model for optimal cropping pattern and.
Yuma agricultural center, optimization of water and n. An optimization technique for cropping patterns and land. Optimizing cropping pattern using chance constraint linear programming for koga irrigation dam, ethiopia. These crops account for over 97 percent of all the irrigated crop acreage. Optimization of the cropping pattern in egypt sciencedirect. Varietal selection has a highly significant effect on irrigated canola grain yield. Simulation optimization of water usage and crop yield. The user simply selects an image file and selects the required area.
One might think it to be a difficult task if he isnt aware of the fact there are software that have been designed exclusively to serve purposes of cropping any pdf document easily. Economics of drought and drought preparedness in a climate change context. Kdenlive free open source video cropping software kdenlive is an opensource video editing software available on windows, mac, and linux. The exact time of irrigation depends on water constants which are specific for each soil type and have to be defined before starting the service. In this regard, a linear programming model is presented in order to optimize water use. Optimal irrigated cropping pattern of a multicrop system under water scarcity constraints e. Pdf optimizing cropping pattern using chance constraint. Winsrfr is a hydraulic analysis tool for surface irrigation systems. The last few irrigations of the season require some of the most important water management decisions of the year. Because irrigated agriculture is expected to provide more food, if managed properly. Use of drip irrigation system for growing vegetable crops can help in. An irrigation system helps homeowners, farmers and other users maintain a properly irrigated landscape or farm with automated schedules.
Through granulars scheduling and collaboration tools, teams can get more done, with less. Our systematic decisionsupport tool aims to assist famers and policymakers in the transition towards a more sustainable agricultural sector. Top 10 free video cropping software to crop video in 2020. Irrigated cropping optimization journal of irrigation and drainage. Optimal irrigation planning and operation of multi objective. This video editing software combines the simplicity of entrylevel video editors with advanced video editing tools frequently used by experienced professionals.
This work is possible due to several unique characteristics of landsat. The overall goal of our ongoing study is to optimize water use efficiency wue and irrigation scheduling in vegetable cropping systems. The tool can support decisionmakers suggesting optimal cropping patterns. A generic simulationoptimization framework for optimal irrigation and fertilizer scheduling is developed, where the problem is represented in the form of decisiontree graphs, ant colony optimization aco is used as the optimization engine and a processbased crop growth model is applied to evaluate the objective function. Multiobjective optimization of rainfed and irrigated. Field measurement portable and energy independent devices providing realtime soil moisture and air temperature measurements are involved in irrigation optimization module.
Introduction irrigation planning and scheduling are essential components of water management in irrigated. As the pioneer in variable rate irrigation software, cropmetrics helps a. Linear optimization model for efficient use of irrigation water. Soil degradation has been associated with a lack of adequate consideration of soil ecosystem services. Small scale irrigation smallscale irrigation is an important aspect of irrigation development in many countries. Optimizing irrigation water use economics for drought. Calibration of a crop model to irrigated water use using a genetic algorithm t. These technologies are used to integrate the hardware devices with the software to make system which works on instructions given by human being that is farmer in case of agriculture field. Full text of a linear programming model to optimize cropping pattern in smallscale irrigation schemes. We demonstrate a broadly applicable method for mapping changes in the supply of two priority soil ecosystem services to support decisions about sustainable landuse configurations. Irrigated wheat in southern cropping systems 2017 5 irrigated wheat production systems have evolved over recent years with the identification of better performing varieties and development of agronomic management practices tailored to these varieties. The continuous archive of landsat data enables evapotranspiration to. Hence most of the areaof the country has been used for paddy cultivation. By using the most accurate components in the world for each process kelk engineers can guarantee, in writing, the best overall cropping accuracy for each application.
Full text of a linear programming model to optimize cropping. Irrigation improvement for yield optimization, australia. The resulting image can be saved or there is a button to go back to the original image. Soil moisture sensorbased irrigation scheduling to. Optimizing cropping pattern to maximize water productivity.
Multiperiod optimisation of irrigated crops under different. Smart fertilizer management software for precision agriculture. Irrigated cropping optimization journal of irrigation. Optimization of irrigation scheduling using ant colony. Optimizing drip irrigation system design for onion crop using didas software mukesh kumar mehla1, khyati singh2. Apr 25, 20 waterlogging and secondary salinization have become a serious problem in the canal irrigated areas of arid and semiarid regions worldwide.
Irrigated canola in southern cropping systems 2017 5 key project outcomes key outcomes of the irrigated canola component of the irrigated cereal and canola project include. The negative impact of salt afflicted drainage water from the united states on farmland in mexico remains a. In the present study an alluvial tract between two rivers in northern india is considered for such a study. A linear programming model to optimize cropping pattern in small. Irrigated canola production in southeastern australia canola is a valuable crop in irrigated farming systems in southeastern australia. In this paper, a menudriven userfriendly software for optimal land and water resources allocation and management policies has been developed under interseasonal and multicrop situations for the hirakud canal irrigation system in odisha state, eastern india so as to cater the need of surface water, groundwater, and agricultural authorities at. Target yields are gradually increasing and have shifted from 8 tha in 2006 lacy. Optimal cropping pattern optimization model is formulated in which the surface and ground water as decision variables. Results indicate that both et and soil sensorbased technology can improve water use efficiency and help growers optimize their irrigation scheduling. Modeling irrigated agricultural production and water use.
Optimization techniques can be used for deciding cropping pattern for an agricultural land. But movavi video editor is much more than crop software. The area of grain and dual purpose canola has expanded and increased gross margin profitability on high value irrigation land throughout southeastern australia. However, changes in prices or yields could result in multicrop rotations being more profitable, indicating the potential for alternative crop rotations to reduce risk under limited irrigation. This project involves sophisticated decision support software for optimum irrigation management in a future of accelerating competition for water, increasing energy costs and concerns about sustainability of irrigation water use. It is designed for monitoring agricultural irrigation, increasing crop results and reducing the use of scarce resources. The solutions simultaneously maximise the crop production and minimise the impact. Weedsite water management and systems research, fort collins, colorado software for learning about the benefits of sitespecific weed management compared to a uniform herbicide application. Microsoft cropping software software free download.
Key words barna irrigation project, cropping pattern, goal programming, linear programming, optimization. An optimization approach has been developed to aid decision making in real time for deficit irrigation when conflict between water supply and demand arises in a multiple crop irrigation scheme. Cropmetrics yield optimization technology from the midwest. The majority of the irrigated acres in the state fall within the boundaries of the gmds. Vri optimization precision ag for pivots with the goal of increasing water use efficiency, improving crop yields, and maximizing profitability throughout the entire field, variable rate irrigation vri is the next milestone in precision farming. Granular helps farmers break free from spreadsheets and get the analytics they need anytime, anywhere. Aug 26, 2005 1 farmers make joint water and land use decisions for economic purposes based in part on water availability and reliability.
Farmers and crop advisors interested in optimizer 2. Irrigated canola in southern cropping systems this manual was produced by nsw department of primary industries as part of the southern irrigated cereal and canola varieties achieving target yields project dan00198. In addition, some fields were irrigated based on visual crop and soil observations and manually operating irrigation valves. Irrigated canola in southern cropping systems grdc. Advanced ag solutions is the winner of the 20 notill advisor of the year award and precision ag 2012 award of excellence. An unneeded irrigation may waste 1 to 3 inches of water and 2 to 5 gallons of diesel fuel per acre and leave little room in the soil profile to capture winterspring rains. Optimizing irrigation water use economics for drought adaptation workshop plan and schedule summer 20 august. Linear optimization model for efficient use of irrigation.
It is found that as per the present practice of cultivation the farmers are getting a net benefit of rs. Irrigation optimization is about knowing when and how to irrigate and having. Large images are presented in a small format, so even very big images can easily be cropped. Favorably, microsoft excel program includes a linear programming solver, which could be utilized for simple optimization scenarios like optimization of cropping pattern in smallscale irrigation projects. Simulation and optimization model for irrigation planning and. Decision variables are the cultivated area in each soil type at the farm. Projects investigate important aspects of irrigated crop production in the upper mississippi delta region. Cropmetrics technology allows the grower and trusted advisor to maximize profitability, improve yields and optimize water use on any irrigated fields in any situation. Table 5 presents the allocated lands to the crops in these 3 patterns. In this study, a unique and simple technique was evolved in which a linear programming lp optimization model was first developed that allocates available land and water resources in order to maximize net annual returns by mitigating the waterlogging. Since hydrus2d cannot model crop growth involving plant genetics, root growth, transpiration and other complicated processes we use a crop simulation software called dssat decision support system for agrotechnology transfer that simulates. Plant or crop irrigation is one of the areas where humans can use smart technology and capitalize on the numerous benefits of smart software programs.
Although the net financial returns reduced with a reduction in the surface water availability but the optimal irrigated cropped area remained almost the same under deficit irrigation. Abundant evidence indicates irrigation practices are a significant factor contributing to leaching and runoff losses of n from soils used for crop production. Soil moisture sensorbased irrigation scheduling to optimize. Before the start of the irrigation season, to help farmers to build a strategy, a balance is sought between the needs of the irrigated cropping plan and the means calculated on a weekly basis. Fertilizer management plays a significant role in agriculture. The implementation of innovative and efficient irrigation techniques is among the greatest challenges facing agriculture. This solver tool could easily be accessed from data menu after activating the addins part of. Simulation optimization precision irrigation 3 contained inside the membrane just after irrigation. Irrigation planning and management through optimization. Abstract selection of a viable irrigation cropping system, while considering all agronomy and extension constraints, has always been a scientific and professional challenge for agricultural. Steve melvin extension educator irrigated cropping systems. While many different crops are irrigated in kansas, the five most commonly irrigated crops are corn, wheat, grain sorghum, alfalfa, and soybeans.
The particle swarm optimization is used to select a suitable cropping pattern. Keywords crop model height inverse modeling leaf area index model inversion. Decision variables are the cultivated area in each soil type at the. The optimized values of wfv under irrigated conditions were 877, 338 and 374 mm 3 yr. Accordingly, a simple and low input linear model was developed applying the excel solver tool to optimize the irrigation cropping pattern for the mekabo. Subsequently, crop optimization has received extensive attention in recent years. It keeps the original image intact, only cropping when the image is being displayed. The analysis clearly demonstrates that the optimal allocation of rainfed and irrigated cropping areas is a potential pathway to minimise the environmental impact of water consumption in food production. This means theres no need to worry about when to irrigate. Optimization of irrigation systems and improvement of water resource allocations through appropriate crop pattern according to season which will give maximum benefits to the farmer and save excess use of water.
Discover how optimization models can inform better capacity to adapt to water shortages in the lower tigris. The 1originally named the erosion productivity impact calculator. A software application to optimize crop irrigation and nitrogen fertilization strategies. Optimal irrigated cropping pattern of a multicrop system. Optimal land and water resources allocation policies for. Optimization and simulation modelling for managing the. Optimization of irrigation and, as a result, production conditions will help growers and local industry. It views water requirements for crop production and for a stable water balance in the irrigated area. This software belongs to the book water requirements for irrigation and the environment. Misuse of fertilizers is a global phenomenon resulting in decreased yields, waste of fertilizers and damage to the environment.912 715 686 138 1023 1309 1253 370 1228 1221 878 1432 1303 425 323 988 1032 881 662 753 190 81 1157 794 1423 322 813


Early rice is often damaged due to high temperature during heading and flowering to the grain filling stage, resulting in reduced production. High temperature damage to this period is mainly in two stages: First, before and after flowering, the viability of pollen is weakened, so that pollination is poor, empty grains increase, and the rate of setting is reduced. The second is the grouting period, which slows down or even stops the grouting speed, resulting in an increase in grain size and a decrease in grain weight. This causes premature aging and early maturing, which is called high-temperature ripening. The indicators of high-temperature heat damage are as follows: The maximum daily temperature is more than 3 days consecutively â‰¥ 35Â°C, and the sensitive period is at the flowering stage of rice. Practice has proved that in the flowering period, a high temperature above 35 Â°C for 1 hour will cause high inflorescence of spikelets, of which the flowers that have been open will suffer the most. About 10% is generally lost, and up to 20% is serious. This is an important reason that affects the high yield and quality of early rice. The following measures can be taken for prevention. Field irrigation deep water temperature and high temperature hot air conditions irrigation, can improve the microclimate in the field, so that the air temperature between the rice plant population decreased by 1 Â°C - 3 Â°C, the ear temperature decreased by 1 Â°C -1.5 Â°C. It is advisable to carry out day-night irrigation at places with convenient water sources. Poor conditions, can be deep-water irrigation for 2-3 days in a short period of time, but avoid deep-seated long-term, so as to avoid premature aging of oxygen depleted rot. Foliar water spray cooling can significantly reduce the temperature and increase the humidity. After the sprinkler irrigation, the field temperature can be reduced by more than 2Â°C, the relative humidity is increased by 10%-20%, and the seed setting rate is increased by about 2.6%. It is advisable to spray irrigation before and after flowering, and the water consumption per mu is 200-250 kg. To control the late-stage fertilization of nitrogen fertilizer in early rice, we must be cautiously engaged in, especially pay attention to strictly control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Because of the excessive supply of nitrogen in the later period, it is easy to cause the lodging of the seedlings, and weaken the resistance of the plants to high temperatures. If it is necessary to supplement nitrogen fertilizer, it is only suitable for top dressing. Outside the root topdressing fertilizer can reduce the temperature and humidity, but also to add water and nutrients. In combination with irrigation and cooling, at the same time, 150 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre and 50 kg of water were sprayed on a sunny day at 4 pm to maintain the function of the leaves and enhance the high temperature resistance of rice plants. Pay attention not to be sprayed on rainy days so as to avoid being lost. Spray chemical agents with 100 grams of zinc sulfate per acre, 250 grams of salt or 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 60-75 kg of water sprayed foliar. Conditions can be sprayed with some light vitamin C or 3% superphosphate solution, which has a certain effect of reducing high temperature damage.
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Chas Reilly Times correspondent
Violet is the Illinois state flower, but it’s been the chokeberry plants that have attracted some national attention.
Chokeberry seeds and genetic material from the Kankakee Sands Preserve in Custer Township as well as three other sites in the state were collected and taken to the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station in Ames, Iowa, and the National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation in Fort Collins , Colo., With the purpose of storing them in a national seed vault and for other study.
“The seeds from Kankakee Sands will be stored in a vault for safe keeping,” said Cindy Cain, public information officer of the Forest Preserve District of Will County. Other seeds taken from sites elsewhere in Illinois will be grown in a carefully controlled pollination environment. So they, too, can be stored and used for research and possibly be sent to the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway. ”
There are several reasons chokeberry seeds were chosen for the program.
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“The chokeberry plant, also called aronia, is desirable because it produces fruit that contains a high level of antioxidants and a hybrid of this fruit is used in commercial food production,” Cain said. “It is also a popular native landscaping plant that provides food and habitat for pollinators.”
The seed vault was also in need of chokeberry seeds from Midwestern areas.
“They had East Coast varieties, but not enough from the Midwest,” Cain said. “So they chose Illinois for its Midwestern plant varieties.”
The process began in May 2021, when US Department of Agriculture Horticulturist Jeffrey Carstens contacted the Forest Preserve District to apply for a special use permit for a variety of activities involving the chokeberry plants at the Kankakee Sands Preserve.
“It is very encouraging that our multiyear restoration efforts at Kankakee Sands have yielded materials that could be useful to other agencies,” Cain said. “This is why we do what we do. We’re preserving land and restoring it to foster and protect biodiversity. “
After receiving the permit, Carstens and a group from the National Germplasm System North Central Regional Station gathered the seeds as well as samples of the plant’s leaf tissue to be genetically analyzed.
“The leaf material from our chokeberry plants will be used by researchers now and the seeds will be stored for future use in case of natural or human-caused disasters,” Cain said. “Depending on how they were stored, the seeds could last up to 100 years, according to the seed vault staff.”
Special care was teken with the seeds and genetic materials.
“The leaf tissue samples were placed in packets with silica beads, freeze dried and tucked into sealed, air-tight packets that are now being stored in a room at 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahrenheit),” Cain said. “The chokeberry seeds are stored in resealable, thick-plastic, see-through packaging being kept at a cool minus 18 degrees Celsius (minus 0.4 Fahrenheit) in a large walk-in freezer.”
Cain said it’s fitting for the forest preserve district to participate in the seed and genetic material program.
Its “mission statement pledges that the district will protect and enhance Will County’s natural and cultural resources for the benefit of current and future generations,” she said. “This partnership is a perfect example of how that pledge is carried out.”


Tuesday, August 24, 2010
Mission: Compost in an apartment without having fruit flies. Impossible.
There is my old compost bin- all cleaned out and ready to be used to store my winter wear since it no longer will be used as a compost :( There is no picture of it when it was a compost because the fruit flies swarmed my camera and flew away with it. Seriously. Gross. I tried to ignore the fruit flies and blame them on the garbage can…but my roommates brought me back to reality with their text messages telling me take it out.
Ok so compost idea #1=failure. In that compost I layered potting soil, newspaper and then compost materials. It worked for about 2 weeks and then got real nasty. I think I needed to empty it every two weeks or so. But I decided the compost bin I have is a little large for just one composter. Thus enabling me to be lazy and never take it out…since it would never fill up.
So I came up with a solution.
Can you find the compost??
Yep it’s the Stonyfield Yogurt container! All my veggie and fruit scraps will go in there. Since it’s a miniature container I will be forced to empty it frequently, and nothing will start decomposing in the fridge.
Say buh bye to fruit flies! Thankfully for me my BF has a compost so I can give him weekly gifts of rotting goods. What a lucky guy huh?
In other news look at my herb garden!
Every time I walk in the kitchen they seem to grow taller and taller…Little Shop Of Horrors? Almost.
Do you compost? Or are you thinking of starting a compost?


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Compost is a mixture, generally comprised of decayed and organic matter. Considered humus- like and the most natural form of recycling, compost takes unused and old materials to naturally become a fertilizer. Plants receive nutrients and soil is conditioned for growth within a controlled environment. Compost is biologically active and complex as it is comprised of soil organisms that release nutrients and energy through heat.
Dated back to the Roman Empire in A.D. 23-79, composting became a bit more modernized in the 1920’s within Europe due to Rudolf Steiner who founded the biodynamic method of farming. Early Americans within New England used compost comprised of 10 parts muck mixed with 1 part fish. Up until 1840, compost was considered humus. It wasn’t until Justus von Liebig, a German scientist dismissed humus due to its insolubility within water. Following this discovery, new fertilizing methods came out regularly.
Sir Albert Howard was a British agronomist who created the Indore method of compost in 1905 following a trip to India. With over 30 years of experimentation within gardening, Howard’s studies later became the book, An Agriculture Testament. Generally used to this day, the Indore method of compost includes 3 times plant matter to 1 part manure, layered and turned during decomposition. Ingredients within Compost:
Compost is generally made up of green plant matter and brown materials that contain both carbon and nitrogen elements. Green compost materials include fruit and vegetable remains, coffee grounds, animal waste and even grass clippings. Egg shells are commonly added as well to neutralize acids and kill odors. Brown compost materials are dried and dead leaves, straw, woodworking sawdust and wood chips. Other composing materials include paper products, animal carcasses and wastewater sludge. Compost comprised of natural materials can be created at home or within large bins for business.
Recipe for Quality Compost:
A useable recipe for quality compost would include a combination of both green and brown materials, dirt, water, air and sunshine. Generally compost should include 50-70% brown materials, mixed with 30-50% green material, 0-5% old compost or dirt, light watering and plenty of air with sunshine. Many choose to include more dirt or old compost to increase micro-organisms to speed up the process, though this can dry out the material.
Confirming the compost can breathe well and receive sunshine is vital to a successful batch of compost. Temperature should range between 90-140 degrees Fahrenheit and the pile will naturally increase in heat once all materials are added. If it does not turn humus, be sure to turn the heap. Following proper carbon-nitrogen ratio will produce quality results within the natural compost. Micro-organisms found in Active Compost:
Micro-organisms inside compost piles use both carbon and nitrogen within the natural ingredients, creating a new material: compost. Carbon elements within the natural ingredients are used as an energy source to breakdown and rebuild a new material. Nitrogen produces microbes which increase and grow using proteins. Generally the C:N ratio is used, or Carbon to Nitrogen ratio to represent and determine proper compost products. Finished compost heaps should average out to 12:1-20:1 and are best ranging from 14:1-18:1.
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NMSU researcher finds disease-causing bacteria in pistachio trees?
NMSU researcher finds disease-causing bacteria in pistachio trees
In November 2013, Jennifer Randall, New Mexico State University plant pathology professor, was contacted by pistachio growers in California and Arizona wanting her to look at their oddly shaped trees. Randall traveled to California to inspect the pistachio trees. Instead of growing lean and tall, they were stunted and bushy with twisted roots, which in Arizona, resulted in 3-year-old trees being lifted by the wind. “These trees were abnormal. We used the term ‘Pistachio Bushy Top Syndrome’ to describe these trees,” Randall said. Funded by the California Pistachio Research Board and the NMSU Agricultural Experiment Station, Randall’s laboratory investigated the cause of these abnormal trees. The lab identified two bacteria, called rhodococcus, which usually distresses ornamental plants, not trees, but instead has affected more than 20,000 acres of California’s pistachio industry. “In the lab, we put the rhodococcus bacteria onto healthy pistachio trees and the trees developed the same symptoms that were in the affected pistachio orchards,” Randall said. “The trees without the bacteria grew normally. This proved the bacteria caused the problem. “One of the main issues with these trees was that the budding efficiency was reduced; only 30 percent of the trees were successfully budded. However, trees that were budded typically developed huge bark-cracking areas where normally they have a smooth surface. This meant that the top of the tree was not stable and if grown to harvest it is possible that the trees may not survive the shakers commercial growers use.” Many of the affected pistachio trees were removed and growers must decide whether to plant their new trees in the same holes. “My collaborator, Dr. Elizabeth Fichtner in California, is testing the soil to determine if a newly planted tree root might be contaminated by the bacteria from the previous tree,” Randall said. “We have also encouraged growers to disinfect their tools.” Rhodococcus bacteria can live on leaf surfaces for months without causing any symptoms, but once it appears on the plant’s surface, the bacteria infiltrate the tree, altering the hormones that control growth and development, Randall explained. “The problem for pistachio growers is that it takes seven years to produce a significant crop,” Randall said. “Now, they will not have the amount of production they projected because they had to take out the contaminated trees and plant new ones.” Randall explained this issue would also affect consumers in a few years as demand for pistachios grows. Although continuous testing has been done in the lab, Randall and her team don’t have a treatment for these bacteria. “These two bacteria work together and affect a wide range of plants,” she said. “This bacteria has caused problems in nursery settings, but this is the first time it has been a problem for trees. One pistachio orchard in New Mexico was found to be infected, and in New Mexico the concern is that we need to understand this and make sure it doesn’t affect our regionally important crops, such as pecan trees or chile.” Randall and her team are trying to find an easier and faster way to detect the bacteria, especially for those growers who are replanting. “Our research will also focus on ways to treat it because it is a different type of pathogen,” she said. “There are pathogens that kill plants and this one is different because it doesn’t kill the plant, but changes how the plant grows.” The next step of her lab research is to experiment, in a controlled setting, how it might affect pecan trees, given that pecans are one of the largest industries in New Mexico.


Taking local winds in consideration, our vineyards are planted latitudinally, with a special technique devised by the Deveci family, which allows more planting per square meter.
In autumn, our soil is enriched with organic nitrogenous fertilizers and micro organisms, which have been determined to be missing after extensive laboratory tests.
In order to level and breathe out the non uniform soil, which has hardened in time the land is trenched up to 3 feet with the help of a ripper.
After plowing in spring, support sticks are placed and aligned with the help of a pressurized water planting tool developed by Deveci Vineyards. Thanks to this invention, 2 planters and 2 helpers can plant 1500 sticks in a day.
Taking the strong summer heat into consideration, we use the shadowing umbrella training method during green pruning.
Sometimes westward facing leaves are pruned before harvest. On the first year of planting, short bud pruning was applied in order for the roots to reach to the desired depth quickly. On consecutive years, pruning is applied to leave 4 to 5 buds on seasonal shoots.
Grape vines from specific clones yield a specific amount of harvest and it is not possible to alter it. On summer pruning, leave and vine quantities are taken in to consideration.
Dormant pruning starts off with a pruning machine and is followed by the same person pruning and tying all the vines in a field with the help of power tools which don’t damage the vines.
Some of our fields are drip irrigated due to the demanding soil conditions. Summer pruning is done with specific angles depending on the season and vine demand, again with the help of power tools.
Spraying pesticide is one of the most important aspects in our vineyards. It is done with great attention to detail. The correct amount and composition of pesticide is sprayed annually based on the variety of the clone pedigrees.
No additional pesticide is applied, which is a common practice for a higher eventual yield from vineyards.
All pesticide used in our vineyards are from well known major European brands and are applied according to their norms and guidelines.
We believe in the fact that a good wine is grown on the field. Every year, with the help of our French consultants, we produce a samples amount of wine allowed by the authorities. This allows us to learn and find the right path in growing good grape vines.
Also, we benefit from our own wine making experience for the purpose of improving our techniques in pruning, irrigation and other agricultural aspects. It helps us avoid erroneous traditional guidelines and practices . Hence, it enables us to pinpoint the ripening times exactly.
Although we grow every grape vine as if we were going to make wine ourselves, unfortunately due to the mass wine producers’ different priorities , our grapes are sometimes left outside of the “lime light”. Nevertheless, we do not compromise from being the best at what we do, which has been the Deveci family tradition for over a century.


ZZ plants do not like wet feet, so allow the soil to dry out before watering. When exposed to direct sunlight for too long, the leaves will yellow and burn. He also covers parenting, juvenile science experiments, cooking and alternative/home remedies. might be yellowing and what you can do about it. Only mix it to half the dosage strength suggested on the package. The leaves can be 40-60 cm long. When a plant is suffering from lack of water, it can be tempting to do the exact opposite and start overwatering it. Root rot disables the root from working, but if caught in time, it can be reversed. what course of action to take. They donât enjoy direct sunlight. These are a decent amount of light, the correct amount of water and moderate temperatures. Getting too little light is onepossible cause for yellowing leaves, and the first thing most indoorgardeners think of. A thriving ZZ plant has thick waxy leaves that are firm and filled with water. Enjoy your stay at Smart Garden Guide. Usually lower leaves drop first, although the whole plant may be affected. Does the soil feel very wet? However, it is best to do a soil check before watering. While it will do well even in low light, more is better. So you need to check the soil at the bottom of the pot to see if it is wet or dry. Do not allow it to stand in water. Even if the tips are broken, new stems will eventually appear. Temperatures below 76 degrees will inhibit the plant’s growth. You should generally only fertilize ZZ plants monthly, with a balanced, water soluble fertilizer. Feed this plant a balanced water-soluble houseplant fertilizer at half strength every two months while it is actively growing. First and foremost, remove the ZZ plant from its pot to rescue it from the soil condition if overwatering has been the problem. You can start by pruning off the yellow leaves. Return the ZZ plant to its normal spot after a week of rest. Yellow Leaves + Fading to Green + or Bright Yellow = Usually accompanied by wet soil, or even fungus gnats if the problem has persisted for a while. This is mainly due to fungal growth and root rot that occurs when the plantâs root system is exposed to a wet environment for an extended period of time. Adjusting when and how much you water your ZZ plant can go a long way towards reversing the damage and reviving the plant. Why does my ZZ plant have yellow leaves? Yellow leaves are an indication that the plant has been over-watered or severely under-watered. A ZZ Plant thrives in low to medium light. Scrub the pot with hot, soapy water. If your plantâs leaves start yellowing, itâs most likely related to improper watering. As a ZZ plant can cope with a decent amount of neglect, it often comes as quite a surprise when the leaves start yellowing. The discoloration is typically caused from too much water, which causes the water and food storing rhizomes to rot from fungal development. It is unhealthy to let the ZZ plant roots remain wet continuously. As long as the plant appears healthy overall and continues producing new leaves, a yellow leaf now and then is not a matter for concern. With excessive light, the plant will be more likely to have brown patches or brown tips on the leaves due to sunburn. These plants can survive in slightly colder temperatures of down to around 50Â°F. This will exclude this potential problem and will hopefully aid the recovery of your plant. If it does, you need to remove the plant from the pot so that you can take a closer look at the actual roots. Make sure to wash the pruners after cutting the rot away. This leads to leaves yellowing due to lack of water and nutrition reaching essential areas of the plant. Drastic lack of water will lead to leaf color change, shriveling, and dropping. hot direct sunlight, the leaves will start to burn. - … Prune it out if it appears diseased. Be prepared to change your watering schedule and hopefully your beloved ZZ plant will return to health once more. The most common reason for yellowing leaves in ZZ plants is overwatering which leads to root rot. ZZ plants are known as flowering plants, but they very rarely produce flowers. If you are searching for a good-looking house plant that is easy to care for, the ZZ plant or Zamioculcas zamiifolia as it is also known, is a worthy contender. Remove the worst affected roots and cut incisions in healthy roots to encourage new growth of roots. The first thing you need to do is a soil check. You may need to trim your plant in stages because you never want to remove more than 20% of the affected leaves at one time–this could shock your plant. Using sharp, clean pruning shears, clip any diseased tissue that you see and discard it. Below we cover a variety I did notice there were black spots on the stems when I brought it home but didn’t seem like an issue. Mix 1 part of horticultural sand or perlite and 1 part of high-quality all-purpose potting mix to maximize the drainage. This so-called “eternal plant” will die from overwatering. You will probably find some soft, mushy roots and possibly rotting tubers as well. The plant requires some leaves for photosynthesis. I’ve written an article all about how to know when your houseplants need water. ZZ plant, fat boy, aroid palm, golden money plant and eternity plant are some of its nicknames. ZZ plants are fairly hardy house plants, which makes Whether you are watering your plant too often or the soil isnât draining well, wet roots lead to root rot, which then stops the steady supply of water and nutrients to leaves and the rest of the plant. Are Bird's Nest Ferns Inside or Outside Plants? ZZ Plant care - Best Guide for Zanzibar Gem plant - Home Gardeners (Pachira aquatica), How Fast Does Aloe Vera Grow? Return the ZZ plant to its normal spot after a week of rest. I’m here to share my experience and help you have more success and enjoyment growing plants. room that enjoys a lot of natural light. What to do if root rot from overwatering is the cause of yellow leaves: A ZZ plant doesnât need a lot of water, so it can be easy to forget about watering it all together. Discard it -- don’t reuse it or add it to the compost heap as it’s probably infected with fungus. Now, let’s get your ZZ Plant on the road to recovery. As such, the ZZ has evolved an efficient rhizomous root system that holds on to as much water as it can absorb, as well as fleshy, moisture rich leaves. We have already taken a look at what to do if root rot has set in, but what do you do with the rest of the plant. This plant will do best with as much bright, indirect light as you can provide. Hi, Iâm Andrew, and Smart Garden Guide is my website all about indoor gardening and houseplants. Yellowing leaves and discolored stems also need to be dealt with. In those instances, save what you can save. plant care. Why Do ZZ plants-Zamioculcas zamiifolia Turn Yellow. If the stem is yellow, clip it off where it grows from the tuber. Make sure that you tip excess water out of the drainage saucer. They tolerate low light quite well, making them an excellent houseplant for duller corners. The roots should be completely white all the way through. This is because fungal growth contributes to root rot and can be spread if it contaminates your pruners and other equipment. them a popular choice for people who donât have a lot of time to dedicate to At the first sign of yellow leaves, spend some time investigating the possible underlying causes. As ZZ plants are designed to thrive in dry conditions, they can have an adverse reaction to excess watering. They can make great desk plants or floor plants and can grow quite tall if left alone. The plant should regrow healthily once recovery is underway. If your ZZ plant has yellow leaves, the cause could be Follow the packaging instructions carefully. Now am wondering if it has contributed the plants … A full-time writer since 2007, Axl J. Amistaadt is a DMS 2013 Outstanding Contributor Award recipient. © Copyright 2020 Hearst Communications, Inc. Get rid of the affected areas. ensure that you understand what is making your house plant unhappy and know Allow the plant to dry out slightly between waterings. What the ZZ plant looks like. This African aroid shade lover thrives well in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 9b through 11, and won’t tolerate so much as a hint of frost. When root rot sets in, the root system simply cannot function like it should. Gardeners who don’t water often are the ones this plant loves best. ZZ plants thrive in temperatures between 70Â°F to 90Â°F. It is turning yellow because you are over- watering the plant. When you do water the plant, soak the soil generously. Are the leaves closest to the light still green, and onlyyellowing on the far side? If any of the stems are yellow, clip them off where they grow right down at the tuber. As mentioned above, you should water the plant after assessing the dryness of the soil and condition of the plant, in preference to watering on a strict schedule. This altogether means that your plant is overwatered. One reason your ZZ Plant’s leaves are turning brown on the edges could be due to your tap water. More often than not, ZZ plant fronds start drooping down. What to do if your ZZ plant is turning yellow from underwatering: With overwatering and underwatering being the main causes of yellowing leaves, it is important to monitor your ZZ plant’s water requirements. The reality is that the ZZ plant is able to withstand very dry conditions, but they are less tolerant of high temperatures. You must allow the soil to completely dry out before watering it again. back. If you allow the soil to dry completely before watering, the leaves should remain green. This is a cry for helpâ¦a sign that it needs a bit of attention, but what is the cause and what can you do? You have to get the amount and timing just right. The major cause of ZZ plant bending down is lack of light. That can be your hint that light is thecause. The ZZ plant is an ancient one whose prehistoric appearance may remind you of a cycad, though they aren’t related. ZZ plants are considered drought resistant, which is just one of There are 3 main variables that your ZZ plant needs to be healthy and happy. Amistaadt has written book reviews for Work At Home Truth. Bases of stems may be blackened. Water your ZZ plant thoroughly to evenly moisten the soil surface throughout the growing season. Set the plant on several layers of newspaper and examine the roots. Water the soil, but only to make it slightly damp. However, yellowing leaves can also be a sign of underwatering, and more rarely can be due to extremes of temperature, light or fertilizing issues. Replant the ZZ plant into a pot with sufficient drainage holes. If you fertilize your ZZ plant more than once or twice per year, it is highly unlikely that nutrient deficiency will be the cause of the yellow leaves. The flesh of the plants is smooth and shiny. Many people mistakenly think that this means the ZZ plant can withstand high heat and a lot of sun. The ZZ (Zamioculcas zamiifolia), or Zanzibar Gem, is a semi-succulent native to the semi-arid regions of Eastern Africa.It is accustomed to long periods of dry conditions interspersed with bursts of generous rain. - Smart Garden Guide The solution = water your plant. This plant has large rhizomes which store water & that’s where the new growth emerges from. Let the soil dry out before you water the plant again. You should empty the saucer out no later than 30 minutes after watering so that the plant doesnât stand in excess water. The plant will thrive in a The ZZ Plant can adapt to very low light areas, so don’t be afraid to place it in a dark corner–that might be just what it’s craving. When yellow leaves present themselves, it is most likely linked to your watering schedule. of reasons why your ZZ plant might be presenting yellow leaves and include a Remove the ZZ plant with yellowing leaves from its pot to rescue it. Use pruners to neatly cut the rot out of the roots. ZZ plant(Zamioculcas Zamiifolia)yellow leaves problem(Causes & … ZZ plants can generally tolerate a range of light conditions. I’ve written an article all about how to know when your houseplants need water. 50 Stunning Philodendron Varieties You Will Love, Why Does My Money Tree Have Yellow Leaves? Too much or too little water can be detrimental to the ZZ plant. The requirements for a happy Zamioculcas zamiifolia are few but finite so if your The most common problem that you might encounter is yellow leaves on your ZZ plant. ZZ Plant (Zamioculcas Zamiifolia): A Step-by-Step Guide | Our … Drench the roots and tubers with a fungicidal solution such as thiophanate-methyl. I was gifted this plant and I don’t know what it is or how to care for it but stems keep going yellow and I don’t know how to make it do better. Discard the contaminated soil and use fresh soil. Hi Runa – Yellow leaves on the bottom of a ZZ Plant are usually caused by too much water. ZZ stems fall over. Yellowing and leaves with dry tips are a sign that something is wrong. It was doing very well (no spots on the leaves or yellow leaves until recently). Hi Katy, Your plant is a ZZ plant (Zamioculcas zamiifolia). few tips to ensure that once the plant is revived, yellow leaves donât come Repot the plant, move it to a warm room with low lighting and withhold water for about a week to allow it to recover. That or no water is common with plants sold at big box stores. Follow these tips to correctly treat your ZZ plant: It is important to act quickly when your ZZ plant starts showing signs of being sickly. Soak it in a solution of 9 parts water and 1 part bleach for 30 minutes. If they arenât and you see brown areas of rot, then you have a root rot problem. The long petioles which carry the leaflets don’t stand upright anymore and fan out. A sta… This article will tell you how to fix this problem and prevent it in the future. 10 Common Reasons Your Plant Leaves are Turning Yellow - and … If you want to boost health and nutrition, you can add soluble fertilizer to your water mix. It will appreciate the bright natural light and fresh air. How much you water your ZZ plant will depend on many factors such as the temperature, humidity, sunlight and ventilation of the growing environment, the size of the pot and your ZZ plant. It is best to investigate the reasons to Water quality. diagnosis - Why are my Dracaena and ZZ leaves turning yellow? smartgardenguide.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com and other Amazon stores worldwide. Find a sunnier location, or make an effort to turn the plant more often so that the backside is getting enough light. Light. Water no more than once weekly during the winter. Your ZZ plant needs the following: ZZ plants need plenty of bright Why Does My ZZ Plant Have Yellow Leaves? Keep the temperature between 76 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit, with a range of between 80 and 87 degrees being optimum. ZZ Plant Watering Guide (Zamioculcas Zamiifolia) - Smart Garden … ZZ plant leaves falling over. Master this skill and you’ll not have to worry about watering problems in any of your indoor plants. Any colder and the plant will start suffering. indirect light. If in doubt, move your ZZ plant to a location that gets bright but indirect light. Adding an artificial light source can also solve the problem. Donât allow the plant to sit in water. Zamioculcas zamiifolia is such a mouthful that you might prefer to call the plant by one of its more common names. Plant fungicide such as thiophanate-methyl, Balanced water-soluble houseplant fertilizer. Sometimes yellowing leaves will even fall off. Shake as much soil from the root ball as you can. Instead, the plant is known for its wide, dark green leaves. Most ZZ plant owners report being able to get away with watering once a week in summer and once every two or three weeks in winter. Combine equal parts cactus potting mix and Perlite for an excellent ZZ plant growing medium. Pick any yellowing leaves off the ZZ plant. It doesn’t need to be a fancy plant light either. Below are possible reasons why your ZZ plant leaves (And How To Grow It Faster). The good news is that by adjusting your watering schedule, your ZZ plant can bounce back fairly quickly. The best soil choice would be fast-draining cactus potting mix. Make it up at no more than half the recommended strength on the package, to avoid the risk of nutrient burn. How to Care for a Dieffenbachia With Yellow Leaves, Easy Bloom: ZZ Plant (Zamioculcas Zamiifolia), Green Culture Singapore: Zamioculcas Zamiifolia -- More Than Just a Lunar New Year Festive Plant. A ZZ plant is a great addition to any home that is looking for a beautiful, low maintenance house plant. You should use a well draining growing medium to prevent a recurrence of the problem. If your ZZ plant gets more than 4 hours of direct sunlight per day, consider lighting as being a cause for yellow leaves. Slowly start watering the houseplant, but donât drench the soil. Alternatively, repot your ZZ plant in fresh, well draining potting media. ZZ plants bounce back quickly from adversity and new shoots will soon emerge. ZZ Plant - Zamioculcas Zamiifolia - Description And Care Guide If your plantâs soil is very dry, underwatering could be the problem. ZZ plants can survive in low light conditions though they prefer bright, indirect light. If every leaf is yellow, you may need to leave some on. the reasons why they are so hardy. This can be quite distressing to the house plant lover! Check the stems of the plant for contamination. Tough, drought resistant and low-light tolerant, this undemanding beauty may be the perfect plant for the forgetful or neglectful gardener. 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My Sustainability posts spring from my forum posts in the free Sustainability Course, offered by the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, which I am participating in.
The last video lecture by Jonathan Tomkin for week 6 of the Sustainability course was eye opening. We *are* already living in the age of GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms). Ever since the Green Revolution was introduced in the late 60s, we've already benefited from it. Specifically for my country, the Philippines, one particular example of this is the success of the IRRI (International Rice Research Institute), which has helped breed better varieties of rice and improved yield...especially in Asia where rice is a staple food. It is a cutting edge research facility which also applies its findings and helps farmers use more sustainable methods of farming. One great example is the climate-change-ready rice they are developing: rice that is submergence-tolerant, drought-tolerant and heat or cold tolerant. Both Bangladesh and the Philippines are cooperating to produce Golden Rice, a variety that includes Vitamin A.
Yes, there are risks. As stated in WHO's Q&A about GMOs, the following are what people are most concerned about: allergenicity (provoking allergic reactions), gene transfer (transfer of genes from GM food to the body or bacteria) and outcrossing (transfer of GM genes to conventional seeds). Studies have shown the low probability of these. Maybe there are unknowns in the equation the way that CFCs were regarded as harmless during the industrial revolution but were found to cause damage to our ozone layer in the future.
The point is...inaction results in as much damage as action. We are running out of agricultural land and ground water will be hard to replace at the rate that we pump it out. We need to look at this situation as a whole human race, as humanity. The time has come for human beings to take responsibility and to find solutions together.
We can't leave this to the scientists. This is an urgent human question. Will we have enough food to feed our 9 billion in 2040 or 2050? At our current rate, we cannot. We need to improve yields even further (and that's like a miracle because we've already increased our yields by a tenfold since the 70s). We need to do this together: from different fields, different countries. I like the idea of Jonathan Foley's "terraculture." We answer the question as a human race. And while we are at it...we need to see it from total responsibility for the planet. We aren't the only ones who need to eat.
Let's go for responsible GMO, let's go for more efficient use of ground water, let's go for inter-country solutions, let's go for individual actions aligning with global actions: a humanity that eats more grain, fruit and vegetation (the way our bodies were designed) and acts in harmony with the planet.


Starting your first vineyard is by no means a simple task, even with lashings of passion, and the sheer scale of such a project can quickly overwhelm even the most dedicated winemaker. A successful vineyard requires not only patience and a firm understanding of viticulture, but a suite of equipment perfectly suited for the job – and it’s this last aspect that people often confuse in their plans or budget, or forget about entirely. In this article we examine some of the more common equipment needs for a new vineyard and how this relates to vine spacing, as it’s important to keep in mind that no vineyard can be a one-size-fits-all approach. Read on to get up to speed with what you need to succeed in the world of wine!
How your equipment relates to your vineyard
If you spot a second-hand tractor in Gumtree or the local paper and think it might be perfect for your vineyard (perhaps it’s going for extra cheap!), take a moment to really consider the dimensions of the tractor in relation to your rows of vineyards. Or, if you can borrow a neighbours tractor a few times a year, you should absolutely ask them for the dimensions of their vehicle. If your tractor is two metres wide, your rows should be at least three metres wide, and if you plan on using an ATV with a sprayer on the back, there should be no problem with it zooming down the row – vine guards can only do so much to protect your plants, so running over wayward shoots will do you no favours. Thinking about all of your equipment needs is evidently an ideal way to save you a lot of headaches (and backaches) later on when you find your equipment can’t actually fit through the previously designed vine spacing. There is a flip-side however – If equipment isn’t high on your priority list, or you plan on using a non-mechanical approach, packing vines in makes more sense in terms of overall land efficiency.
Deciding on a vine-row spacing layout
When you’re considering how to initially plant your vines in relation to your equipment, the spacing itself is highly reliant on how vigorous the grapevines are in relation to your specific soil, climate and area. In an especially vigorous vineyard providing upwards of 3 metres of shoot growth per year, make sure to space vines at least 2 metres apart, while also maintaining rows as wide as the vines are tall. With less vigorous vineyards you shouldn’t need to have as much room between plants, but it’s still important to have the rows as wide as they are high. If having a vigorous vineyard sounds especially appealing due to the output of the fruit, it’s a good idea to consider the extra time need to actually take care of the vines. The more vines you have to prune, position, trellis, spray and tend, the more time you’ll have to sink into tending to your vineyard, and if it’s a hobby for you it might not be all its cracked up to be.
Knowing how to properly apply row spacing and equipment
Working out the finer details with aspects related to row planting is actually more complex than it might first appear – although there is always a desire to plant as much as possible in a limited space, not considering how this related to fully-grown vines and the equipment you have on hand can spell trouble in the long-term.


Part of the reason for the delay since my last batch of entries is that I have been lucky enough to have had a bit of a holiday. And just as some of that was spent in Cornwall, so part of the Cornish bit also had to include a visit to Heligan.
As time was against me, I didn’t get as far down the gardens as the West Lawn to see the poppies, I’m afraid. However, I did spot a few items growing in the open vegetable beds which should be very familiar to Victorian Kitchen Garden fans.
First, a row of ‘Ne Plus Ultra’ peas being kept for seed (none for sale in the shop, though), and two of Harry’s ‘fussy pieces’, ‘Scorzonera’ and ‘Salsify’, side by side.