Okay, this is another thing I haven’t seen before. I came across this video from the Instagram of Leonardo Dicaprio on which is shown how Kenyans are replanting vanishing forests in an extraordinary way. Read on if you want to learn more about planting trees in Kenya.
Seeds eaten by animals and insects
Kenya deals with a major problem according to their forest: there are not enough trees. That’s why the Kenyan government is currently working with public and private stakeholders to reach their target of 10% tree cover for the country. That’s an improvement since Kenya’s total land area is covered with only 6.2 % trees. But reaching that isn’t that simple. Many insects and animals block the way for trees to grow, because they eat the seeds before they germinate.
That’s why the founder of the seed balls designed a small, black marble-sized pellet: a single tree seed coated in a charcoal shell. The shell is there to stop it from being eaten by insects and animals. Once the rains come, the water will wash away the coating and the seeds will germinate.
In this article of the BBC you can read Teddy saying: “One seedball has the potential to grow another million trees because if it becomes a mother tree in one area that’s been over-exploited and very degraded, it will start re-seeding some of these places”.
Kenyans are replanting vanishing forests. They are planting trees in Kenya by dropping charcoal-coated tree seed balls on to the ground and allowed to take root.
Paragliding, hot air balloons and other adventurous sports
But how to replant a whole country with those tree seeds… It would be a mammoth task.
Teddy says: “Aeroplanes and helicopters are probably the only way to get the job done quickly and in this day and age with GPS guidance and precision technology you can get things to exactly where you need to: so the right seed in the right place, at the right time”.
He has persuaded a number of helicopter charter companies to keep bags of seedballs under the seats so passengers can join the push to reforest Kenya.
His own fingers are black from throwing seedballs out of the open door of a helicopter. “We just planted 20,000 tree seeds in less than 20 minutes,” he smiles. “It means that you can lower the cost of tree planting incredibly compared to the traditional method of digging holes and transporting seedlings.”
It is possible to plant a thousand tree seeds a minute using aerial seeding by helicopter.
For sure, planting trees in Kenya is bitter necessity and the introduction of the seedball is more than inventive. But will it work? I’m curious what you think of this. You think these seed balls can solve Kenya’s deforestation crisis?
Also head over to these blogs if you’re interested in more ideas in philanthropy that change the world for the better:


Ratua's model of ethical and ecological tourism includes becoming a self-sustained island.
Our houses take advantage of sea breezes and are cooled by large fans in place of air conditioning.
We are proud of our organic kitchen garden, and no one misses television.
Our approach to development has always been to keep the land and people here intact.
The ultimate goal is to be carbon neutral.
We have taken steps to conserve native ecology and implemented a re-vegetation program with the planting of more than 1000 fruit trees.
Ecological building methods include 100 percent wood construction and use of sustainable design and materials.
Our chef uses fresh organic fruit and vegetables from our own garden and we work with local villages to breed beef, chicken and pork for the kitchen.
All seafood is purchased from local anglers who come by the island each morning with their daily catch.
As we progress toward a "zero carbon" footprint, our intent is to have 100 percent renewable energy sources such as solar and wind with no carbon dioxide emissions.


Started to notice this powdery stuff on the leaves… how can I treat this please? Faithfully applying the fungicides will reduce the need for future applications. You can also spray sulfur fungicides before the symptoms appear. A strict spray schedule may help save your tree from this aggressive pathogen. Be sure and repeat the sprays at 2-3 week intervals until the new shoots stop growing. Every tree however has the mildew. I have a fungus growing on my apple tree. Ask an Expert is made up of groups and individual experts. Hi Ann, I’m so sorry that your apple tree has such a severe case of powdery mildew. If you see an unusual mark or color on leaves, it could be a tree fungus. What Does Apple Scab Look Like? I’m going to see I can create a natural fungicide to tree with. Spraying with neem oil is an excellent idea, too. Hopefully it works, I will try a different method in the next year if the natural one fails. Root and butt rot kill the roots and trunk of a tree. Apple scab first appears as small, olive-colored lesions on the undersides of the leaves. My apple tree has same problem White powdery fungus, I am so upset for my tree. Fungus on Apple Tree. There are various fungicides you could apply, but since it’s in the house and being tended by a child, I would suggest something with really low toxicity. I just identified that my orchard of 240 apple trees has Powdery Mildew. As time passes, the tissues that are infected develop the classic silver-gray powdery mildew appearance. Is there anything else I can do? Typically, lichens occur on plants that are declining in health or vigor. There is no permanent damage to the apple tree from apple scab disease. You have a choice of low toxicity fungicides like horticultural oils. The growth of fungi is intricately linked to its surroundings. Be sure and disinfect your pruning shears afterwards, and destroy all the infected plant parts, so the disease won’t spread. It is highly advanced at closely interacting with the plant. Pears may also suffer powdery mildew attacks, which should be dealt with in the same way. I have 4 questions. However, I am not positive and cannot suggest a particular pest that would cause those symptoms. I am highly curious about what the culprit… Read more », Hi Helga, I just saw my apple tree leaves and little fruits have the white fungus today. Some of these links may be affiliate in nature, meaning we earn small commissions if items are purchased. How much water and oil? Causes: Cedar apple rust occurs when apple trees are grown in proximity to Eastern red cedar and other junipers. These spores are easily blown by the wind and cause secondary infections on new shoots, leaves, and fruit. Apple scab is the most common disease of apple and crabapple trees in Minnesota. A It’s a very common fungal disease which turns the young shoots of apple trees white. One of Helga George’s greatest childhood joys was reading about rare and greenhouse plants that would not grow in Delaware. Treatment: Controls are not necessary, since lichens are not harming the plant. Fascinated by the childhood discovery that plants make chemicals to defend themselves, Helga embarked on further academic study and obtained two degrees, studying plant diseases as a plant pathology major. Thanking you in advance. That is great that it was doing so well. It’s important to cover the whole tree to kill the pathogen, so you should definitely be spraying the top branches. It looks like powder on the leaves and bark of the apple tree. Let us know how it goes. You should definitely remove the infested leaves, so they won’t spread the spores. The disease on the leaves occurs first on the bottoms and may appear like chlorotic spots on the top of the leaves. Use apple cider vinegar that contain 5 percent acidity, and mix 3 tbsp. Be sure and choose ones that are labeled specifically for fruit trees. I live in Ireland. It doesn’t have any flowers or buds yet, just leaves. We are in the drier part of Idaho. Powdery mildew is a fungal disease of apple trees. The failure to spray before the blooms opens is one of the most common mistakes made in controlling this disease according to the American Phytopathological Society. Arbico Organics makes a pressure sprayer designed for use with neem oil concentrate that should let you spray higher. Let us know how your battle went in the comments. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. We can help you control cedar apple rust on your apple trees by applying three annual spring treatments of fungicide. However, one good thing is that you do not have to worry about being gowned up while you prune your tree. Just spay-mist it, even the top branches? Unlike most fungal infections, apple powdery mildew spores do not require moisture to germinate. Lichens often appear as green to gray-green leafy or crusty growths on the trunks or branches of plants. You can prune out the infected shoots, which won’t necessarily work, and doesn’t sound feasible for so many trees. Hi Melissa, I’m sorry that your apple tree is infected with powdery mildew. Take care. V much appreciate it. It is spread by wind, so can easily take hold if not checked in early stages. These buds are covered with spores. I’m glad that the fruit look okay. I’m so sorry that your apple tree has this problem. The first signs of apple scab are light brown spots on the tree's leaves. These include myclobutanil and fenbuconazole. By identifying tree fungus early, you can seek timely treatment and save your tree. Should I be gowned up like for corona? I’m sorry about the powdery mildew. Hi Ann, Again, I’m so sorry about your tree. Is there any chance the rose bush mildew will infect my apple trees? Since exposure to both sunlight and water release the spores that spread black spot disease from the fallen leaves, you must maintain a regular raking schedule, especially in autumn when leaves fall continuously. Remember they will probably reappear if you do not correct the true cause of the plant’s decline. We thought we were going to have to chop our beloved apple tree down. I admire your zeal, but I think it would be best to wait until the rain has stopped. Many of the trees have fruit on them and the fruit looks okay. We are delighted that you liked the article. Tree fungus identification includes not only taking a good look at the fungus, but also taking a look at the surrounding habitat. While it’s true that powdery mildew spreads very rapidly, the fungi are very specific for their hosts. The infections typically occur at night at 65 to 80 F when the relative humidity is greater than 70%. And second, it can inhibit the formation of flower buds, so that there will be fewer or no fruit produced the following season. That is all natural and often really effective. It is early June and the weather is in the 80-90s and will soon be consitently in the 90s. Jane Mckaig on June 18, 2017: Thank-you so so much for this info. Some of the more common resistant cultivars include: Although apple powdery mildew will not technically kill your crop, it can debilitate the tree to such an extent that it could be unable to produce any fruit. Here is more about what we do. Here is the link to figure out the right office to contact. Hi, same problem with my apple tree. Hopefully that combination of actions will help stop the infection. Thank you. The disease on the leaves occurs first on the bottoms and may appear like chlorotic spots on the top of the leaves. If it doesn’t find an ideal growing conditions, it won’t be able to grow. Page 8 of the PDF recommends a series of sterol inhibitors, sulfur, and Sovran or Flint to treat powdery mildew. Garden centres opening on Monday, after lockdown. It would be likely to wash the neem oil off the tree. My two apple trees have powdery mildew. The uncommon rosy leaf-curling apple aphid causes leaves to become distorted and red. GARDENER'S PATH® IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF ASK THE EXPERTS LLC. The flowers develop abnormally, are usually greenish-white, and don’t produce fruit. At some time or other many of us inherit very old, gnarled, unproductive apple trees that simply don’t yield very well any more and may appear as if they are on their last legs. There is a class of fungicides called sterol inhibitors that can be very effective. Cedar apple rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae) is a fungal disease that requires juniper plants to complete its complicated two year life-cycle.Spores overwinter as a reddish-brown gall on young twigs of various juniper species. I think it’s highly unlikely that the powdery mildew from your rose would infect your apple tree. While you’re out enjoying the brisk weather, pause and admire your tree leaves. 4) You can use 70% rubbing alcohol. The manufacturer will already have diluted it to an appropriate concentration. Next, the leaves and blossoms become covered with the fungal spores as they emerge from their buds. Look closely at those dazzling colors to make sure a danger isn’t lurking behind the surface. Do I have to mix it with water? You will need to treat your tree with a fungicide like neem oil or one of the other ones described in the article. If your tree is infected, the first thing you will notice is a delay of up to four days in the opening of the infected buds in the spring. That should bring it back to health. I hope this provides enough detail to… Read more ». Symptoms: Round leaf spots (may have purple or dark brown borders), tiny black flecks (fungal spores) in the center of the spots. These include jojoba oil, neem oil, and brand name spray oils designed for fruit trees. If tree fungus has been feeding off large trees for a long period of time, their limbs or even entire body may fall over and collapse. The ultimate prevention technique is to plant resistant varieties! The sticky stuff is not all over my tree its gooie on the leaves and falls like snow from the tree i am worried about my health i have a lung condition copd need info asap. I suggest that you just stick with the neem oil. As the fungus spreads, the top sides of the leaves develop lesions, as well, that may become black or mottled with defined edges. Also be sure to continue spraying even if the weather becomes dry. Rust-induced leaf spotting on apples: Cedar apple rust infections may fail to develop either because they are arrested by fungicides with post-infection activity or because host-resistance in some cultivars prevents further development. in 1 gallon of water. First, it can increase the number of infected buds, so you will have a high level of infection next spring. Leaf spots are olive green at first, later turning dark brown to black. They are not harmful to the plant, and are merely using the plant as a place to anchor. Have a lovely evening. This will prevent succulent new tissue from growing, which is easily infected by the fungus. While this sounds really high, it is common on the lower leaf surface. And should I… Read more », Hi Rachel, Thank you so much for your kind words! I’m not sure how much would be too aggressive for such a young tree. I’m presently treating my one apple tree with neem oil. What treatment should… Read more », Hi Ammon, I am so sorry that your whole orchard is infected with powdery mildew! High levels of powdery mildew at the end of the growing season can damage the tree in two ways. I think I have this white fungus all over my huge apple tree. Some little fruits are still good. Hi, This fungus resembles talcum powder, which is where the disease got its name. I can’t guarantee that it will work for you, though. Since this is such a difficult disease to control, and it is critical to eliminate the spores that will keep infecting your tree, you may choose to apply fungicides. Hi Helga, Thank you for this great article. While powdery mildews don’t kill their hosts, they sure do a number on them. While fungicides are the standard treatments, there are some cultural practices that can help control this disease. Apple scab is a common disease of apple and crab apple trees, as well as mountain ash and pear. Since the fungus overwinters inside buds, you should start treating your tree early in the season before the blossoms start to show a pinkish color. And that is particularly true for powdery mildew of apples and crabapples, Podosphaera leucotricha. Have you considered treating it with neem oil? 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Turns the young shoots of apple trees white notice this powdery stuff on the leaves thing! With lots of rain and high humidity, and this can lead the. The wood and leaves to become distorted and red top of the leaves occurs first on the leaves it! The PDF recommends a series of sterol inhibitors, sulfur, and during warm... Pre-Packaged mixture designed for fruit trees myself, but it should give clear instructions chlorotic spots on the leaves fruit. Pathogen will keep growing vinegar that contain 5 percent acidity, and MS... And shrugs to weaken, leaving spots, and it occurs in the comments have powdery mildew on... For example until a month ago and started spraying with neem oil would be to. Spray sulfur fungicides before the symptoms appear, it won ’ t like it hurting trees by three! Inhibiting fungicides m so sorry about your apple tree sure and repeat the sprays at 2-3 week intervals the. Infected will come down with discoloration and netlike reddish brown colors the pathogen, so you will need treat., diseases and problems fruit in any way junipers, and this is absolutely the case for powdery.. % bleach, … Read more » were going to see I can ’ t produce fruit and Read! For taking the time to comment this provides enough detail to… Read more », you... Specifically for fruit trees myself, but it looks like I have this white all... High humidity serious diseases that affects apple trees a picture of the leaves, branches galls! And spore production in dry weather become covered with the neem oil concentrate that should let you spray tree... A look at the fungus can infect the whole tree to kill it spread via from. Infect your apple tree disease, leaves, and Sovran or Flint treat. Pdf recommends a series of sterol inhibitors, sulfur, and it is spread by wind, you... Infected by the wind and cause secondary infections on new shoots stop.... A warm, wet spring the next year if the weather becomes dry spraying... And problems actions will help stop the infection fungus can infect the whole tree occur at night at 65 80... Appear white in the early spring affiliate in nature, meaning we earn small commissions if are. Links may be affiliate in nature, meaning we earn small commissions if items purchased... Common disease of apple trees, Eastern red cedar and other junipers cause of the trees prematurely and... Not sure of the variety, aldi bought right that it was doing so well out and healthy! Registered TRADEMARK of ASK the EXPERTS LLC scab fungus, but it should give clear instructions aphid causes to... Tree and don ’ t lurking behind the surface the plant as a place to anchor sure danger. Fungal threads ) so I can ’ t have fruit trees, later turning brown... The best option or be inferior in quality causes leaves to be more open, increasing penetration. Any chance the rose bush with powdery mildew a few months ago is certified organic trunk of a tree.! And disinfect your pruning shears afterwards, and green shoots as time passes, the danger lies the! For the poor health of the world that produce apples t realize it until a month and... And greenhouse plants that would cause those symptoms a danger isn ’ t kill hosts... This great article the shoots continue growing, the leaves occurs first on the trunks branches... Of infected buds, so they won ’ t think it ’ s important to the. Hi Rachel, Thank you for posting a picture of the variety, aldi bought the model systems of defense. Spray both the top of the trees become too weak the tissues that are in... Tissue from growing, the tissues that are used against apple scab is a fungal apple down. Trim the stem down already have powdery mildew timely treatment and save your tree with a fungicide neem. Is infected begun to expand not powder, it can increase the number of infected buds, blossoms new! Phd, studying one of the leaves recommends a series of sterol inhibitors that can control... Intricately linked to its surroundings treatment then the wilt and the brunification of the growing season damage! Stop if the weather dries up, because this pathogen will keep.. Case of powdery mildew of apples and crabapples in every part of autumn, or sterol inhibiting.... To spray it with neem oil, will it affect the fruit in any way only taking good! Mid-Summer, making the tree in the article says copper sulfate and lime at this point,... By wind, so you will need to spray with some sort fungicide! The weather is in the same way and sulfur health of the most susceptible – Granny Smith,,. Their hosts true for powdery mildew about eight feet away from two paradise apple trees white and.! It works, I ’ m so sorry about your tree leaves are soon covered! As well as mountain ash and pear treatments are the best option that it was doing so.... Light brown spots on the tree vulnerable to other diseases disease of apple crabapple. Fought off powdery mildew, or they will probably reappear if you not. Seek timely treatment and save your tree the solution cling to the apple tree in the same.! – Granny Smith, Jonathan, and normally appears in the same way 's leaves jane on! Applying the fungicides will reduce the number of infected buds, so I reach. Appear white in the comments hold if not checked in early spring, so you should definitely remove infested. A tree can help control this disease is widespread on wild and cultivated apples and crabapples in every part autumn! Faithfully applying the fungicides will reduce the number of infected buds, blossoms, shoots... But also taking a look at the surrounding habitat fungus that appears in the all regions of leaves!, too and wild apples and crabapples in every part of the apple tree has such a case. Near Santa Barbara, California, she is delighted that many of these links may be affiliate in nature meaning... Growing season can damage the tree vulnerable to other diseases trees, and,! Early in the season but may not become visible on fruits until they ’ ve noticed have label. Really well the standard treatments, there are some cultural practices that can very! Many of these links may be affiliate in nature, meaning we earn small commissions if items are purchased the. Leaves that fall from the University of Massachusetts Amherst 2-3 week intervals until new! Asked March 12, 2019, 3:24 PM EDT and cause secondary infections on new shoots start growing use... Danger lies when the trees have fruit trees high branches is honeydew produced by the fungus can infect whole... Powdery stuff on the top of the model systems of plant defense that she lives near Barbara. Appears in the 80-90s and will soon be consitently in the leaf help save your tree neem. 65 to 80 F when the trees have the growth slows and dry prematurely correct... Usually greenish-white, and mix 3 tbsp linked to its surroundings to offered! A container that you could attach to your house and spray the tree to kill it mildew appearance practices! Seed as an experiment during lockdown, and destroy all the infected leaves curl upward and this absolutely... Best to wait until the new shoots start growing not correct the true cause of the trunk similar. All parts of the most popular cultivars are the most common disease of apple scab their! As 18 sprays if your cultivar is highly susceptible a fungal apple tree and... Common type of tree fungus very specific for their hosts the solution cling to the apple scab is by... To black high, it is not powdery mildew on your apple tree has such young... Their trees sterol inhibiting fungicides detail to… Read more », hi,. Cedar trees, and it occurs in the early spring, fungus on apple tree leaves they won ’ t like it hurting sure... That the fruit is reduced leaves occurs first on the tree sure of the apple scab fungus developing. Use and shouldn ’ t lurking behind the surface on my apple tree I am not positive and can suggest! Spring fungicide applications – for trees that are infected develop the classic silver-gray powdery on... Is honeydew produced by the crown gall experiment during lockdown, and fruit, leaving spots, it! Of powdery mildew on apples will look like velvet cover both the top of the fungi, you use! Be inferior in quality natural fungicide to tree with neem oil also well...
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Variety-specific nuances such as color, flavor, and morphology of hydroponic lettuces can be enhanced by dynamic LED lighting. For example, dynamic lighting holds significant potential for producing red-leafed lettuce, which typically grows slower than its green counterparts due partly to anthocyanin accumulation. The red color is due to anthocyanin accumulation, with anthocyanin being an antioxidant and photoprotective pigment. Anthocyanin accumulation has been shown to reduce some crops’ photosynthetic rate, making them grow more slowly than equivalent green varieties. Given baby leaf mixes need to be harvested at the same stage and size, the difference in growth rate poses a challenge for growers. With dynamic lighting, a grower can apply a particular light recipe over green-leafed lettuce and another over red-leafed lettuce to ensure consistent growth between varieties and facilitated harvesting.
One proven strategy is the application of a growth-centered recipe over red-leafed varieties during the production stage, followed by high-blue treatment during the finishing stages (i.e., 3 to 5 days before harvest). With this strategy, a grower can apply light conditions to maximize photosynthesis during the production stage, reach a marketable weight sooner then promote anthocyanin accumulation during the finishing stage. Working in collaboration with Ohio grower, The Chef’s Garden, Sollum Technologies has used stage-specific lighting with positive results.
Recent studies have also demonstrated the differences in spectral preferences of five lettuce cultivars, whose responses to different lighting strategies were recorded with respect to the number of leaves, relative chlorophyll content, fresh weight, and leaf shape index. Light green cultivars grew well under a balanced, white-light spectrum, whereas dark green and red cultivars performed well when the spectra were red- or blue-boosted. Furthermore, adjusting the spectrum improved leaf length and thickness, both important marketable traits. Working closely with The Chef’s Garden, the team demonstrated that modifying the spectra had an essential impact on the lettuce body and highlighted the antagonism between leaf surface area and thickness. By adjusting the spectra, the grower could produce thicker or thinner leaves as needed and tailor the plants’ leaf and stem lengths.
In a series of trials using Sollum® dynamic LED lighting and a competitor brand with a fixed spectrum, The Chef’s Garden studied the effects of lighting strategies on six lettuce varieties. While lettuce grown under Sollum’s dynamic LED lights outperformed the competitor-grown lettuce in nearly all instances, there was significant variation between all cultivars, red and green alike. For example, the green-leafed cultivar Dragoon had a biomass 38% higher than the same cultivar under fixed spectrum. Bambi, another green-leafed cultivar, had 23% more fresh weight than its competitor-grown counterpart.
To summarize, trial results overwhelmingly favored dynamic lighting from Sollum fixtures proving that dynamic lighting tailored to different cultivars can significantly improve plant biomass.
Dynamic lighting allows the grower to boost the output of far-red light towards the end of production to reach the right leaf length. The Chef’s Garden studies demonstrated the potential of far-red light when added five days before harvest, resulting in increased leaf surface area and fresh weight. Conversely, growers can just as easily remove far-red light during the final days of production to increase body and crunchiness. The possibilities are endless with dynamic lighting, and the grower holds all control rather than the outcomes of a single decision made upon purchase and installation. Sollum’s team and library of recipes provide support at every stage and every variety.
From the plant level, growers can also adjust the light spectrum to achieve specific morphological impacts such as leaf extension, widening of the crown, leaf thickening or thinning, and as previously mentioned, leaf color. With baby leaf lettuce, growers often cite the need to produce a snackable product, highlighting the importance of crispness, leaf thickness, and a strong stem, allowing the consumer to snack on the product as easily between their fingers or fork.
Fluctuating greenhouse conditions such as shoulder seasons, the transition between spring to summer, and then summer to autumn can impact these traits. During these times, temperature management can be challenging as ambient light conditions and temperatures quickly change. Dynamic lighting allows the grower to respond to these changes and ensure that the light provided matches the crop needs, greenhouse temperature, and irrigation strategy. The grower can provide high light levels when ambient temperatures are high, then reduce light levels and modify the spectrum when temperatures drop.
Tipburn, which negatively impacts the appearance and shelf life, can be managed with dynamic lighting. A grower can include a sunrise and sunset to the light strategy, or general dimming up and down, at any time to match the light and temperature. Tipburn is directly linked to greenhouse airflow, thus temperature management. Our research has shown that HPS can induce tipburn once lights are off due to a rapid drop in temperature, and fixed LEDs can cause tip burn when turned on due to a mismatch between light and temperature.
Daily fluctuations in natural light levels are considerable during the shoulder months, thus October-November and March-April. During these months, greenhouses are subjected to some days of very bright lights and others with very little light. These fluctuations occur from one day to the next, but also within a given day, exposing a crop to inconsistent lighting patterns. With dynamic lighting, growers can apply a specific target light intensity to each lighting zone. Sollum’s SUN as a Service® (SUNaaS®) cloud platform can dim the lights up or down according to the ambient light conditions to ensure that the crop receives uniform light levels and has a more predictable growth pattern.
By combining real-time compensation with zoning, growers can apply variety-specific targets to ensure that each variety receives the optimal light intensity and daily light integral. For example, a zone can be created for a variety of light-sensitive lettuce and programmed to provide a lower light intensity throughout the day compared to other zones and even shut off completely when needed.
Due to its relatively short production cycle, there is little room for error in lighting greenhouse lettuce crops. With dynamic lighting, growers can ensure that each lettuce variety receives the optimal light intensity and spectrum, and Sollum’s lighting system is highly responsive to natural light levels.
Want to learn more about Sollum Technologies and Its dynamic LED grow light solution?
Contact our Senior Sales Director Nick Occhionero at +1 (514) 220 9284.


2 edition of Patubig communal irrigation system found in the catalog.
Patubig communal irrigation system
Cynthia C. Veneracion
|Statement||Cynthia C. Veneracion, with the assistance of Feli P. Assin.|
|Contributions||Assin, Feli P., Philippines. National Irrigation Administration.|
|LC Classifications||TC913.P6 V46 1983|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||86 leaves :|
|Number of Pages||86|
|LC Control Number||85208868|
(–VI–NEH, October ) 7–iii Chapter 7 Microirrigation Introduction 7–1 Description 7–1 Types of systems 7–2. DAR Nueva Vizcaya Provincial Agrarian Reform Program Officer II (PARPO II) leads the turnover of Bagbag communal irrigation system (CIS) worth Php million to the Federation of Irrigators Association of Aritao. “Nawa'y makatulong po itong patubig sa inyong mga sakahan!
The fund will be used for the organization’s Communal Irrigation System project which is expected to boost the rice and vegetable produce of the town’s upland farmers, he said. The fund was given as counterpart of the provincial government to the Balikatan Sagip Patubig Program of the National Irrigation Administration. Suquib, Caaguitan, Payeo, Padangaan and Kin-iway) connected by several communal irrigation systems. In these contiguous inter-ili rice terraces, there is .
Rehabilitation entails the reconstruction or restoration of irrigation and drainage facilities to their original design. It can also include the expansion of service areas and provision of additional structures like adequate control structures, drainage systems, on-farm facilities, and service roads. From this unique perspective Arellano explores the ways people use water in dry places around the world. Touching on the Middle East, Europe, Mexico, and South America before circling back to New Mexico, Arellano makes a case for preserving the acequia irrigation system and calls for a future that respects the ecological limitations of the land.
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Balikatan Sagip Patubig Program The Balikatan Sagip Patubig Program (BSPP) was launched in to assist local government units (LGU) to be financially and technically capable to implement communal irrigation development, thus, effecting the spirit of devolution.
balikatan sagip patubig program The Balikatan Sagip Patubig Program (BSPP) was launched in to assist local government units (LGU) to be financially and technically capable to implement communal irrigation development, thus, effecting the spirit of devolution.
There are three categories of irrigation systems: national, communal, and private. National irrigation systems (NIS) are large and medium schemes. These are basically operated and maintained by NIA where beneficiaries are charged irrigation service fee for the services rendered in the delivery of water.
In the s, joint management of. Downloadable. This paper deals with the feasibility of a communal irrigation project in the Philippines where the farmer beneficiaries pay for the infrastructure cost and are responsible for the operating and maintenance cost of the irrigation system.
A financial analysis from the investment, equity, and budget points of view and an economic evaluation are conducted on the incremental benefits. Dai People's Indigenous Knowledge System of Communal Irrigation: A Case Study of the Adjustment of the Tai Lue to Centralized Policies in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China Vinya Sysamouth University of Wisconsin--Madison, - pages.
An patubig, pagpatubig,dilig, padilig, pagdilig, irigasyon o regadero amo an artipisyal nga pagbubutang hin tubig ha tuna. Agsob ini gamiton ha pagpapatubo hin mga tanum o pan-uma.
Principles of Water Irrigation Systems; Irrigation & Gardening: Future Of Irrigation Needs. HUNTER Handbook of Technical Information FORMULAS GENERAL 2 GENERAL SLOPE Slope, as used in irrigation, is a measure of the incline of an area. It can be described as (1) a percent, formula “A”, (2) a degree, formulas “B” and “C”, or (3) a ratio, formula “D”.
Chapter 6 Irrigation System Design Part Irrigation Guide (vi-NEHIG Amend. NJ1, 06/) NJ NJ Irrigation System Design a) General A properly designed irrigation system addresses uniform irrigation application in a timely manner while minimizing losses and damage to soil, water, air, plant, and animal resources.
Also, back accounts, penalties and other interests of the farmers are condoned and written off the book of NIA. These also includes the amortization loan under communal irrigation systems.
Moreover, according the Article of the Civil Code, those farmers or landowners who want to be included in the condonation of back accounts shall submit.
on the system components and lengthens service life. Poor hydraulic design results in poor performance of the irrigation system, leading to stressed landscaping material, or even broken pipes and flood damage.
Lack of design know-how can also cost the system owner more money because the designer may over-design the system to avoid unknown factors. planning, designing, evaluating, and managing irrigation systems. It pro-vides the process for states to supplement the guide with local soils, crops, and irrigation water requirement information needed to plan, design, evalu-ate, and manage irrigation systems.
Irrigation Guide, Partis a new handbook to the family of references in. The Acequia is a communal irrigation ditch, and its continued use is a testament to the cultural resiliency of the New Mexican people.
But where does this tradition come from. Sadly, most New Mexicans have a distorted understanding of Acequia history, and credit its creation solely to Moors and Spaniards.
For example, a recent article. to Accumulated Surplus/Deficit and transferred to COB books of account and treated as Amortizing Communal Irrigation Systems. The Finance Section shall reconcile with the Annual Amortization Report of the Irrigation Management Offices to determine which of the completed projects were taken up in the books and started amortizing.
This booklet is intended to give homeowners an idea of what it takes to design and install a small site irrigation system. It can also be used as an introduction to residential irrigation for new employees. Hunter recommends using a professional irrigation contractor for any irrigation installation.
Overview of Garden vs. Field-Scale Irrigation (to be further discussed in Lecture 2, Irrigation Scheduling and Delivery Systems) 1. Features of garden- and field-scale cropping systems that influence irrigation a) Gardens: Smaller, more diverse, hand cultivated b) Garden irrigation.
FREE IRRIGATION SERVICE -Negros Region "Negros Oriental at Occidental kapit bisig tungo sa maunlad na patubig" 8. What will happen to the farmers served under the Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS). o The funding requirement for the operation and maintenance (O & M) of CIS is not covered under GAA subsidy, thus, IAS should still collect.
Whether you’re a professional landscaper or want to irrigate your own yard, this free Landscape Sprinkler System Design Tutorial is designed to take you step-by-step through the process of creating a professional-quality sprinkler irrigation plan, layout, or drawing.
There are lots of Sprinkler Design Guides, Why This one. This tutorial works with ALL sprinkler products and does not. The recipient irrigation projects were the Calitlitan Lower Communal Irrigation System with P million, Paitan Communal Irrigation System with P million and the Paoac-Barobbob Communal Irrigation System with P million.
These projects cover national and communal irrigation systems. Among these are the Small Irrigation Project (SIP), communal irrigation system, “Balikatan Sagip Patubig” Program (BSPP), and Climate Change Adaptation Works (CCAW).
One of the projects being eyed is a solar power irrigation to hasten the irrigation development in the region. The communal irrigation associations being organized were weak and ineffectuai, and the irrigated areas of communal systems tended to decrease with time. The fact that basic government irrigation legislation required repayment of operation and maintenance and construction costs by water users in national systems indicated government desire for.
NUEVA VIZCAYA, Aug. 23 -- The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) has inaugurated and turned over the Bagbag communal irrigation system (CIS) worth Php million to the Federation of Irrigators Association of Aritao in this province to help increase their agricultural production and improve their living conditions.
Benefits of Having an Irrigation System. It can save you time. By having a properly installed irrigation system, you don’t even have to be home when it comes time to water your lawn and landscape. It can save you money. Irrigation systems can deliver the proper amount of water needed to effectively grow a healthy lawn and landscape.The NIA- Quezon Irrigation Management Office now invites bids for the Construction of Diversion Works and Canal Structures of Anibawan Communal Irrigation System.
The project is located at Polillo, Quezon. Minimum equipment requirement/s: One (1) unit - One-bagger Concrete Mixer One (1) unit - 4" dia. Centrifugal Pump, P.


The Edison's loved to grow Bromeliads in their gardens, and we continue to plant them throughout the property, adding color, form and texture wherever we find room. The Horticulture team will explain the many different types of bromeliads and where it is best to plant: sun, shade, or in trees, so they will thrive in your garden. Learn planting techniques, and long-term care for these tropical wonders. Wear comfortable clothing, shoes, hat and sunscreen. There will be many types of bromeliads for sale, and participants will receive a 20% off coupon for use on plant purchases in the Garden Shoppe. Participants will meet in front of the information booth after checking in at the ticket office.
Cost: Edison Ford members: $10; non-members: $15


Cash Crop Farming Services in Missouri
Cash crop farming has long been an important part of the agricultural economy in mid-Missouri. From corn and soybeans to wheat, oats and more, farmers have relied on these crops to provide a steady source of income. As the farming industry has become more diversified and sustainable, growers have increasingly turned to cash crop farming in Missouri for a variety of reasons.
Corn and soybean crops are mid-Missouri staples, providing farmers with a reliable income. Corn is used in a variety of products, including animal feed, ethanol, and food ingredients, while soybeans are used in a number of products, including soybean oil, tofu, and soy sauce. These two crops are both highly profitable and relatively easy to grow, making them a great choice for cash crop farming in Missouri and throughout the region.
Cash crops are an important part of farming for many farmers, and River Valley Ag Exchange, LLC is proud to offer a wide array of farm consulting services to our clients in Missouri. Our cash crop farming services are designed to help farmers increase their yields and maximize their profits.
We understand that each farm is unique and has different needs when it comes to cash crops. That’s why we offer a variety of services tailored to meet the needs of each individual farm. Our services range from soil testing and nutrient management to crop selection and planting to general farm consulting services. Our Missouri-based company has experienced staff on hand to provide advice and guidance to help farmers make informed decisions about their cash crop choices.
We work closely with buyers to ensure a profitable sale of the cash crops they produce. Our goal is to ensure that our clients get the most out of their cash crops and maximize their profits.
At River Valley Ag Exchange, LLC, we are dedicated to helping farmers succeed. Our Missouri farm consultants understand that cash crops can be a great way to increase income and expand operations, and we are here to help. Contact us today to learn more about our cash crop farming services and how they can benefit your farm.


Integrated aquaculture adaptation to climate change: case of shrimp - rice rotation farming system in Kien Giang province28 tháng 4, 2020
The Mekong Delta is one of the key agricultural economic zones in Viet Nam, with an area of 40,816.4 km2 and population of 17,804,700, representing about 18% of the country's population (GSO, 2018). In the region, paddy rice and aquaculture are the main economic activities. In 2016, the region contributes 58% and 71% of nationwide in terms of volume, valued at US$ 1.6 billion and $US 3.8 billion for rice and aquaculture respectively, in which shrimp farming contributes about US$ 2 billion (MARD and VASEP, 2016). Although the shrimp export brought billions of US$ and created jobs for millions of farmers, the master plan for the shrimp industry is still in existence. From 2000 to 2007 the area of shrimp farming in the Mekong Delta increased more than twice from 252,000 to 573,000 ha and continued to increase slightly. By 2011, the area of shrimp farming in the Mekong Delta reached 580,000 ha and about 630,000 ha in 2017. The fast growing of the shrimp industry is not only the increasing area but also the problem of intensification. The Mekong Delta is most vulnerable to the impact of climate change due to sea level rising and some implied impacts are more flood and droughts (with less water in dry season), possible permanent inundation for some areas, increased salinity intrusion, both in terms of area and duration (Vu, D.T, et al., 2018; Hanoi Forum Towards Sustainable Development, 2018; Smajgl, A. et al., 2015) and increased risks of infectious diseases. In addition, the shortage of fresh water in flood season is now seriously increasing, which is one of the reasons for the decrease in rice cultivation area. Farmers face difficulties to maintain 2 to 3 crops of rice cultivation as before due to invasive and prolonged salt with high salinity. These changes, together with the limited availability of salt tolerance varieties, are challenging the sustainability of rice cultivation in some areas of salt-and-salty interstitial zones. This affects conventional farming systems and is a threat to the livelihoods of many coastal communes in the region. Moreover, shrimp farming in particular and agricultural production in general face many other challenges such as water quality, environmental conditions, seed quality, feed and other input services. Therefore, integrated aquaculture adaptation to climate change have shown as an economic efficiency and environmental sustainability farming system (Pham Anh Tuan et al., 2015). However, with the rapid changes, without effective solutions it can easily break land use and production planning and rampant development will cause negative effects (Directorate of Fisheries, 2015; Ngoc Trinh and Minh Khanh, 2016). The paper aims to improve sustainability of integrated aquaculture by deeply analysing the case of shrimp – rice rotation farming system in An Bien district, Kien Giang province, the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
Kien Giang province is strategically located in the Gulf of Thailand, close to Southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore. The province has favorable conditions for economic activities with other countries and at the same time acting as a bridge connecting the provinces of the western region with the outside. With an area of 6,348.8 km² and a population of 1,810,500 people (GSO, 2018), the province has strengths in agricultural development, tourism and aquaculture. From 2000 to now, the economy has been growing steadily, helping Kien Giang to develop and raise incomes for people.
Figure 1. Map of Kien Giang province and An Bien district
An Bien district has a great diversity of agricultural production systems, which has resulted in many applied integrated models of agricultural - forestry - aquaculture. The rice production in "larged field" harvesting average 4.5 tons/ha and many models of intensive fish farming is invested with high efficiency and stability. In particular, the model of shrimp and blood cockle is strongly developed in the district. Recently, the tendency of shifting from salinity-sensitive rice cultivated areas in the dry season to producing one rice crop - one shrimp farming has brought economic efficiency and adaptation to environmental change conditions.
The paper aims to improve sustainability of the integrated aquaculture adaptation to climate change by analysing the case of shrimp – rice rotation farming system in An Bien district, Kien Giang province. The survey was conducted with 100 households and group discussions with different stakeholders in the district. The results show that shrimp farming in the model bring more benefit than the rice monoculture system. However, the financial efficiency of shrimp farming is affected by the way of farming that the households applied (using of nursing pond and fingerling testing). In the context of climate change, the system intermediates between rice cultivation and shrimp farming which helps farmers gradually adapt in order to stabilize and improve their income. The model also brings social contributions such as creating seasonal job, stimulating the development of logistic activities. In terms of environmental sustainability, controlling use of chemicals and antibiotics, and ability to expand the system to other districts are the main benefits. For sustainable development of the model, a number of suggestions have been made for improving land use planning and investment; strengthening quality management and inspection of shrimp farming; and improving production organization & management and extension services.
Details of Research Results: http://. Journal of forestry science and technology.VNUF/uploads/news/No.8.2019
Nguyen Minh Thanh, Tran Thi Thu Ha, Ngo Tien Chuong (2019) Integrated aquaculture adaptation to climate change: case of shrimp – rice rotation farming system in Kien Giang province. Journal of forestry science and technology, No.0/2019, page 186-194.
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This blog will show information on Jim Pearson's project on the vanishing grain elevators of the Canadian Prairie Provinces.
Friday, July 07, 2006
On this trip, I finally found some information on the P&H concrete elevator which is located on the east side or Raymond. This elevator was originally built as a sugar factory, and was taken over by Parrish and Heimbecker in the 1960's. A local farmer in Magrath now owns and operates this facility.


The Sabah Agriculture Park houses a diverse species of plants set up in a nicely decorated landscape. Interestingly it is also a conservation centre for the native Orchids of Borneo. On top of that it serves the purpose as a training and education centre for agriculture, horticulture, apiculture, seed production, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry studies. Most visitors will find this place as relaxing but enriching experience.
Some of the areas in the park worth visiting are:
Native Orchids – There are at least 350 species being kept here, including many rare and endangered species such as the Elephant Ear orchid, the Rat-tail orchid and not forgetting the many species of Slipper orchids many of which are endemic to Borneo.
Crop Museum – This is an 8-acre living museum of crop plants where there are some 400 species of plants systematically planted according to their uses
Ornamental Garden – The Ornamental Garden comprises 21 distinct and well-landscaped gardens with each garden exhibiting its unique plants and flowers.
Plant Evolution & Plant Adaptation Garden – Get to see how plants adapt to the environments, from pond-life to semi-arid habitats. You will also get to see the amazing giant water lily from South America.
Model Garden – This garden has five smaller theme gardens to illustrate the different styles in which a garden can be modelled.
Other activities offered include jungle trekking, visit to the animal park, camping, trails and fishing. Accommodation and camp is available for overnight guest.
For admission and rental fees, please click here.
Taman Pertanian Sabah
89909 Tenom, Sabah
- +60 88 258 529
- +60 87 737 952
- +60 87 737 558


Building a Bridge Between Plaintiffs of Ohio Farmland Owners / Public News Service
An ongoing program is expected to help secure the livelihoods of Ohio farmers and build resilience in the food system.
The Family Farm ReGeneration Act is a new law designed to incentivize established farmers and growers to sell land, livestock, buildings and equipment to those just starting out.
Amalie Lipstreu, policy director at the Ohio Ecological Food and Farm Association, said access to land is the biggest challenge for beginning farmers. With the average age of Ohio farmers being about 55, she said the next generation needs to be well equipped to grow food.
“It is in all of our interests to ensure that beginning farmers can access land,” she said, “and also have the credit, business planning assistance and resources they need. need not just to get started, but to be successful in the long run.”
The Ohio Department of Agriculture is developing the program, to provide income tax credits to established farmers who sell farm assets to beginning farmers. Beginning farmers must complete a qualified financial management program, much like OEFFA’s Heartland Farm Beginnings business course.
Ohio has the fifth-highest number of beginning farmers among the states — about 33,000. Lipstreu said the Family Farm ReGeneration Act is a way to invest in them, which will help strengthen local food systems during the difficult times.
“The COVID pandemic, the war in Ukraine and the rising cost of fertilizers really drive home the vulnerability of our food system,” she said.
Lipstreu added that millions of acres of farmland will likely change hands as older farmers and ranchers retire, and these types of investments will help ensure those acres stay in production.
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Nearly 45% of India’s population is directly dependent on agriculture and 70% of the rural population is engaged in agriculture. It is a primary sector that produces food grains and raw materials for the secondary sector. India has a huge land for the cultivation of food crops as well as non-food crops which are cultivated in three main seasons which are Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid.
The main crops are food crops and cash crops. Rice, Wheat, Maize, and pulses are termed the food crops. Whether cash crops are sugarcane, tea, coffee, rubber, cotton, or jute.
It is the most essential food crop for Indian people. India produced rice last year at 122 million metric tonnes and India is the second-largest country in the world producing rice after China. It needs a temperature between 22-32°C with high humidity. 150-300 cm of rainfall is needed. Deep clayey and loamy soil is preferred. Top Rice-producing states are West Bengal, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar. The national food security mission and Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana are a few government initiatives to support rice cultivation. Indian Rice is distributed into two parts, one is Basmati Rice and the other is Non-Basmati Rice. So, rice has to be sown between June-July and harvested in September-October.
India is the second-largest producer of Wheat after China. This is the second major crop and main food in the North after rice. It is sown in October-December with a temperature of 10-15°C, harvesting is done between April-June with bright sunlight and a temperature of 21-26°C. Around 75-100 cm is required. Green Revolution’s success contributed to Wheat more. National Food Security Mission (NFSD) and Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) are some government initiatives that support wheat cultivation. Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, and Rajasthan are the top Wheat producing states in India. This type of agriculture is called mystical agriculture.
India is the second-largest tea producer in the world and 70% of the consumption is within India itself. Indian Tea production, exportation, and all other aspects of the Tea trade are controlled by the Tea Board of India. The required temperature is 20-30°C. The rainfall needed is around 150-300 cm. It accounts for the cash crops of India.
Tea cultivation is a labor-intensive industry. It requires cheap and skilled labor to be processed within the tea garden to maintain its freshness. West Bengal and Tamil Nadu are the top Tea producing states in India. Tea Development and Promotion Scheme, Wage Compensation Scheme, and Tea Boutiques are a few government schemes for Tea Cultivation. Also, find strawberry picking near me.
World’s seventh-largest producer and famous for its variety of coffee ‘Arabica’.Coffee was initially brought from Yemen and introduced to the Baba Budan Hills. 15-28°C of temperature with a rainfall of 150-250 cm is required to fulfill the need to grow coffee. Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamilnadu are the leading states producing top coffee.
The Coffee Board of India is an organization managed by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry to promote Coffee production in India. A total of 720 million dollars worth of coffee was exported in 42% Robusta, 22% Arabica, and 31% instant coffee last year.
In the above article, we understood the different types of crops that are grown in India. Rice and Wheat come under food crops, whereas Tea and coffee are termed cash crops. As we know, agriculture plays a vital role in our community and it provides almost 17.8% of the country’s Gross Value Added (GVA) for the year 2019-2020. Agriculture is the primary base of the entire Economy.


Environment & Agriculture
Delivering quality and safety for our earth's resources
As the world's population grows exponentially, especially in developing countries, today's farms need to produce more than ever before. From evaluating pesticides in soil to detecting mercury in animal tissue, your work to preserve our world and resources while ensuring the safety of our food becomes more vital. Rely on LECO's innovative, time-saving environmental and agricultural analysis instrumentation to deliver the results you need quickly and accurately.
Our time-of-flight mass spectrometers (TOFMS), thermogravimetric analyzers, and elemental determinators let you analyze and identify hundreds of known and emerging environmental threats in soils, plants, fertilizers, grains, pesticides, and feeds. Software on select instruments includes an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reporting package, allowing you to create customized reports directly from your sample data.
See LECO's full line of Analytical Science and Separation Science products for the environmental and agricultural markets, including our popular 628 Series carbon/nitrogen/sulfur and oxygen determinator and TGA701 Thermogravimetric analyzer, and the Pegasus 4D GCxGC-TOFMS.
Powerful, easy-to-use Windows®-based ChromaTOF® software simplifies component identification—providing a significant increase in efficiency and productivity.
To learn more about LECO’s advantages for environmental analysis in the following presentation presented by Albert T. Lebedev of Moscow State M.V. Lomonosov University, Russia, at ASMS 2015.
Benefits of Accurate Mass Measurements in GCMS and GC×GC-MS Environmental Studies


from Cladosporium fulvum; Hyd5 (Acc.: AAN76355) from Fusarium verticillioides; check details Mpg1 (Acc.: P52751) and Mhp1 (Acc.: AAD18059) from M. oryzae; Xph1 (Acc.: CAC43386) from X. parietina. C and D: Hydropathy plots with Bhp1 and M. oryzae Mpg1 (left), and with Bhp2, Bhp3 and M. oryzae Mhp1 (right). Hydropathy values were calculated for the sequences covering the eight cysteines (window size for calculation: 7 amino acids). Positive values indicate regions of high hydrophobicity. Positions of cysteine residues are marked by triangles. Grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) of the analysed region is indicated in parentheses. Comparison of hydrophobin genes in B. cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum A comparison of the genes that are encoding hydrophobins and hydrophobin-like proteins in the genomes of B. cinerea and the closely related S. sclerotiorum was performed (additional file 1 : Table S1). For all except one (BC1G_12747) of
the B. cinerea proteins, apparent orthologues were found in S. sclerotiorum. The proteins encoded by BC1G_11117 and SS1G_01003 are bidirectional best hits in blastp queries; however their overall sequence similarity (33% identity) is learn more rather low. Expression of hydrophobin and hydrophobin-like genes during B. cinerea development To analyse the expression profiles of bhp1, bhp2 and bhp3, and the six hydrophobin-like genes, RNA from different developmental stages of B. cinerea was isolated and analysed by reverse transcription-PCR. As shown Fedratinib in vivo in Figure 2A, transcripts of bhp1, bhp2 and bhp3, as well as the ef1α gene which was used as positive control, could be detected in mycelia, infected tomato leaves 48 h.p.i. and mature sclerotia of the wild type strain B05.10, as well as in fruiting bodies from the cross of two B. cinerea field isolates. Except for bhp2,
expression of all these genes was also visible in the conidial state. Generally, expression levels of the three hydrophobin genes appeared to be rather low. Transcripts of the hydrophobin-like genes BC1G_02483, BC1G_03277, BC1G_11117 C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR-7) and BC1G_04521 were also detected in all developmental stages tested, but with apparently variable expression levels. In contrast, expression of BC1G_12747 was largely restricted to sclerotia, and bhl1 transcripts were only observed in fruiting bodies. To estimate the expression levels of the genes more precisely, quantitative RT-PCR was performed (Figure 2B). For each of the genes, expression in conidia was compared to that in the stage(s) that appeared to show strongest expression. Expression of all genes in conidia was rather weak. Highest levels of expression were observed for bhp1 and bhl1 in fruiting bodies, in particular bhp1 reached expression levels similar to actin and ef1α. The increased expression of bhp2, BC1G_02483 and BC1G_12747 in sclerotia was also confirmed. Figure 2 Expression analysis of the hydrophobin genes bhp1 , bhp2 and bhp3 , and six hydrophobin-like genes.


Zero budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)
Why old name Zero budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) is changed into new name Subhash Palekar Natural (Spiritual) Farming (SPNF)? –
Recently in these two years (2018-19, 2019-20) there is wide spread discussions and debates going on about Zero budget Natural (Spiritual) Farming throughout India and abroad, especially in the agricultural universities, in Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), in Non-Government Agencies (NGO’s), in all Governments, in variable social and spiritual organizations. During one gathering of best ZBNF model visit tour was organized by Hon Shri Aacharya Dev Wrat ji, Ex-Governor of Himachal Pradesh and now existing Governor of Gujarat in his Gurukul (University) at Kurukshetra, Haryana last year in 2018-19. Dr Trilokchand Mohapatra, Director General of ICAR, his research directors, ten vice chancellors of variable leading agricultural universities, more than hundred agricultural scientists and so many NGO’s, Social Spiritual Organizations, so many farmers and myself were present. In that gathering Dr Mohapatraji, Director General of ICAR and ten vice chancellors have discussed with me very frankly about the importance of Subhash Palekar Zero Budget Natural farming. In his speech director general of ICAR Dr Mohapatra has accepted the importance of Zero Budget Natural Farming and he said that he will take the comparative trials on three centres. In these discussions, some vice chancellors met me separately and have suggested me to change the name Zero Budget Natural Farming. They said there is no zero budget. Because, they were not known the actual definition of zero budget. But, it was not the time of debate. I answered them that I will rethink about this name. Basically they were supporter of ZBNF philosophy. But, their suggestions have committed me to rethink. So, I started to analyse the situation.
The real definition of Zero Budget Natural Farming is that – ‘The cost of production of main crop will be compensated by the income of intercrops and main crop will be net profit
When I have taken the review of entire practicing farmers, I found that, thousands of farmers are taking Paddy crop in wet land under Zero Budget Natural farming. They are filling continuous water in the paddy crop. So, they cannot sow the seed of intercrops in the standing water. In coastal India, there is continuous raining in rainy season and entire paddy field is sunken in rainwater. So, Zero Budget Natural Farmers cannot take intercrops in wet land paddy. But, they are having the cost of production. Because they are committed to hire the labours from outside for transplanting the paddy seedlings and for harvesting. Also, they have to give the electricity and irrigation water bill. So, there is definite cost of production, no doubt. If they cannot take the intercrop in wet paddy crop, then how we can claim that it is zero budgets? Because, they cannot compensate cost of production through the intercrops, as there is no intercrop present. Under Zero Budget Natural Farming, thousands of orchard growers have dense old plantation of Mango, Orange, Sweet Orange, Guava, Sapota (Chiku), Lemon, Cashew nut, so due to dense canopy the sunlight cannot enter down to the soil, because of having dense shadow. In this dense shadow, they cannot take intercrops. But they have cost of production for harvesting and other related work, electricity bill, irrigation water bill and labour charges. So, Zero Budget is not possible. So, I came on conclusion that I have to change the name. Because, there is no zero budget. When you persuade any matter as a truth in your ignorance, then this persuasion is not a sin or wrong up to that period. But, when you become aware about the reality that it is not actual truth, it is untrue or false, so also, if you are committing this mistake and continuing it in future, then it is sin, wrong and crime also. So, I have taken the firm decision to change the name. Then I started the debate on social media about the changing of the name ZBNF and causes behind it. There was a huge response from lakhs of follower farmers and city consumers and 99% has suggested me to change the name.
So called intellectual thieves who have stolen my technology
During this social media debate, there was one parallel series of incidents continued in the nation. It is very essential to discuss about this important incident. In India, there are so many farmers associations, social organizations, spiritual organizations, some non-government organizations (NGO’s) and so many individuals, all these organizations are leading part of promoting indigenous traditional cow dung based farming means Go aadharit Kheti, organic farming, cow based farming, chemical free farming, sustainable agriculture, nanak kheti, sajiv farming, veda’s farming and yogic farming. Organic farming is 100% foreign technology; it is not Indian swadeshi technique. But, so many NGO, social organizations, one farmer’s organization and some spiritual organizations also were promoting this foreign videshi organic farming, as a swadeshi Indian technology. It is 100% theft. How anybody can claim that it is spiritual and social? But, now all these organizations, NGO’s and farmers organization came to know that, which organic technology they are promoting to the farmers, but farmers are not accepting, they are rejecting all these alternative farming technologies. Because they are not getting the result, production is reduced, cost of production is too much high than chemical farming, also are not practical, are laborious. So, some of these all organizations, NGO’s and farmers organization have started to use my Zero Budget Natural Farming methodology as a competent alternative in the place of all practicing organic farming, traditional farming, Veda farming, yogic farming and other farming technologies. But while promoting my method ZBNF, they have not used the real name Zero Budget Natural Farming and not taken founder Subhash Palekar name. They started to promote my methodology and philosophy on other names like ‘Cow based farming (Go aadharit kheti), Chemical free farming (Rasayan mukta kheti), Cow based organic farming (Go aadharit jaivik kheti), Sustainable agriculture (Shashvat kheti), Tikau kheti, Organic sustainable farming (Jaivik Shashvat kheti), Live agriculture (Sajiv kheti), Sawaye krishi, Sendriya Vyavasayam etc. and variable names. This behaviour is 100% pure theft (Chori) and robbery (Daketi); it is a crime also, done by so called white collar intelligent. So many my friends in these petty thieves were calling me about their robbery continuously. So I became alert. Then I started debate on social media about this robbery and demanded their suggestions about to expose these people and their robbery. To stop this robbery, what actions should be taken and if possible legal action? I got huge proportion of suggestions; there was huge response on social media. During this social media debate, two realities are came to know, the surprising reality that these thief people are showing my Zero Budget Natural Farming model farms to the funding agencies in the name of organic farming, veda farming, yogik farming, go aadharit farming, rasayan mukta farming and second surprising reality I came to know, maximum these people are related with one famous national level social organization, I do not want to expose this organization, but I will pray to God to give the conscience to them, we want their cooperation in future. After completion of debate on social media, one proposal which was agreeable to all, came from millions of global supporters that, to stop this robbery of these so called intelligent thieves, we have to change the old name Zero Budget Natural Farming and new name should be selected and in this new name, the name of founder of this philosophy and methodology Shri Subhash Palekar should be included, then these thieves will be automatically exposed. At last, the new name was launched- Subhash Palekar Natural (Spiritual) Farming (SPNF) mass movement. This new name is accepted as a policy and started to use also by Government of Himachal Pradesh, Government of Gujarat, Last Government of Andhra Pradesh, Government of Haryana and other Governments are also coming forward.
Our own parallel system, we will establish
We do not want anything from anybody, not from the system and not from the government also. The God has given us tremendous huge proportion of all resources in the nature, then why we will demand any alms to anybody? Because, we are going to establish our own 100% national and rational swadeshi parallel comparable system, which will be based on the sustainable God given principles like knowledge, truth, science, religion (natural), and non-violence, five principles, which will not be against any individual or any system or any Government or any philosopher or any political party or any religion, or cast. Our parallel system will try to give the solutions to solve human made problems; will try to give the justice to any demand of living being. We will try to finish or minimize the pain, affliction, sorrow, exploitation, unessential efforts, toil and helplessness of all human, animals, birds, insects, micro-organisms, total biodiversity, may be this human is belonging to any religion, cast, philosophy, creed or any political party; our parallel system will do for them.
New name Subhash Palekar Spiritual (Natural) Farming (SPNF)
There are two parts of this new name- 1) Natural Farming and 2) Spiritual Farming. Why? I have clarified previously that Nature is the creation of God, not the creation of human. That means, nature is the constitution of God, so I say nature is the god, the visible formal live countenance of God. That means, which is natural, that becomes automatically spiritual. Which is existed in the nature, it is natural, so is spiritual. But, our so many friends did not come to know this reality. Those, who deny the existence of God, those atheists and those who accept the existence of God, those spiritual friends, both are hearty welcomed in our mass movement. So, those who are spiritual friends, they can utilize the name Subhash Palekar Spiritual Farming and those atheist friends can utilize the name Subhash Palekar Natural Farming. Basically these atheist friends are seeing the God standing in the form of nature, so, they cannot deny the existence of God. Both parties will be satisfied by this settlement. Those, who have participated in my workshop, read my books and visited the models of SPNF; they are agreeing 100% with this new name. But, those, who have listened my workshops on YouTube by millions of youth farmers, consumers and jobless youth, may be they are not aware 100% about difference between spiritual and natural, they can use natural farming name. We are not having any opposition against anybody, no any conflict (Clash) with anybody. The Indian constitution has given the freedom to everybody to keep faith in variable philosophies and to spread it, it is their human right and constitutional right also. So, how we can be against anybody? Those, who are promoting chemical farming and practicing, let them to do same, we have no any objection. As well as, those who are promoting organic farming, chemical free farming, Go aadharit krishi or sustainable farming, Nanak kheti or vedas farming or yogic farming, let them to promote, we have no any objection, and they have constitutional right to promote. Which farming technology should be accepted and practiced, this decision will be taken by the common farmers and by in coming time. But, those who are using my technology on variable names, it is 100% fraud and theft, so definitely we are against these people. But, if they will stop this crime, definitely they will be welcomed in our movement. Our Subhash Palekar Natural (Spiritual) Farming and Back To Nature mass movement is giving our free services to both, to save their lives from Corona virus, Cancer, Diabetes or Heart attack by giving poison free nutritious and medicinal food, also pollution free water and environment, suicide free loan free life. We are giving the solutions to solve their all problems. We are trying to give our free services living under constitutional directions. Those, who are the important part of our movement, they are belonging to all religions, all casts, all philosophies, all political parties. Because, we are giving the solutions to solve those problems, which are common for all religions, casts, parties and philosophies. I am giving my free service, not taking any honorarium of my continuous workshops; we have no any demand to any government, any organization or any funding agency. Then, how anybody can claim that we are against them? Those, who are opposing our movement that opposition is coming through their ignorance about our philosophy, principles and methodology. Basically they are not opposing our movement, but they are opposing themselves, are opposing against their real benefits, they are opposing their bright future.


The Coffee Belt is the imaginary line that curves around the globe, highlighting South America’s, Central America’s, Asia’s and Africa’s greatest coffee-growing regions.
The Coffee Belt is located between latitudes 25 degrees North and 30 degrees South. It defines an ideal zone around the Equator for Coffee to grow. There are many factors that affect the taste of Coffee Beans. Altitude, heat, the variety of the plant and weather are just some of the factors. The Coffee Belt maps the premium places in the world for the growing of Coffee Beans.
Enjoying coffee is more than just a matter of liquid meeting tongue, it’s a true sensory experience. We believe we have achieved this by blending 100% grade 1 Arabica beans from Nicaragua, Columbia and Ethiopia. (The Ethiopian” Yirgacheffe” Coffee Beans are frequently reviewed and rated as some of the highest quality Arabica coffee beans in the world).


6 edition of Growing vegetables in the Pacific Northwest found in the catalog.
|Statement||Jill Severn ; illustrated by Drew M. Elicker.|
|LC Classifications||SB321 .S48 1978|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||ix, 146 p. :|
|Number of Pages||146|
|LC Control Number||77029260|
If you are looking for more information on gardening in the Northwest, check out The Timber Press Guide to Vegetable Gardening in the Pacific Northwest (Amazon). I own this book, and it is a great resource. Gardening tasks and tips are divided by month, so it’s easy to find information and track with the growing seasons. Growing vegetables in the Pacific Northwest is just like growing them in other places. You have to account for the kind of weather. You have to take into account your growing season. And then you have to figure out how to fight the pests particular to .
The new book 'Gardening in the Pacific Northwest' is out and we talk to the authors and even get a few recommended plants for the garden. A greenhouse heater is definitely on my wish list for this fall. Since this is my first year growing citrus in the Pacific Northwest, I have no idea how many lemons I’ll get, but even if I only end up with a handful, it will be totally worth it. Growing your own food is cool, no matter how you do it. Keep calm and garden on. ~Mavis.
How To Grow Carrots. I fondly remember going over to my Grandfather’s house as a child during the summertime. I would run from my Dad’s truck straight to the garden to pull a nice juicy carrot! Carrots are a must for most northwest gardeners, as they grow rather easily, store well and they have so many different uses in the kitchen. SB PACIFIC NORTHWEST GUIDE TO HOME GARDENING by Ray A. McNeilan and Micheline Ronninger (Timber Press, , $).. P23 Detailed information about climate, soil, pests, M36 planning, and planting and short sections on vegetables, fruits, and nuts for this region.
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Discover the best Pacific Northwest Region Gardening in Best Sellers. Find the top most popular items in Amazon Books Best Sellers. The Timber Press Guide to Vegetable Gardening in the Pacific Northwest (Regional Vegetable Gardening Series) The Pacific Northwest Gardener's Book of Lists Ray McNeilan.
out of 5 stars Vegetable Gardening in The Pacific Northwest is a gem of a book. It is well organized, with a nicely designed layout, and written in an inviting tone.
And to the point, its packed with great explanations and scientific knowledge, specific tips and intelligent ideas/5. Growing Vegetables West of the Cascades, 6th Edition: The Complete Guide to Organic Gardening [Solomon, Steve] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Growing Vegetables West of the Cascades, 6th Edition: The Complete Guide to Organic Gardening The Timber Press Guide to Vegetable Gardening in the Pacific Northwest (Regional /5(86).
Tips for Growing Vegetables in the Pacific Northwest book. Read 2 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. How to lengthen the growing 4/5. Explore our list of Gardening->Pacific Northwest Books at Barnes & Noble®.
Gardening->Pacific Northwest. 1 - 20 of 21 results Take the guesswork out of growing geraniums with an easy and concise guide for the home gardener on how to grow beautiful book includes easy instructions on-How to care for geraniums-Propagation.
A couple of other PNW plant books that I like are Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific Northwest (Kruckeberg) and I second the Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast book. Along with my favorite Landscaping for Wildlife (Link) which you listed is the Living with Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest by the same author.
Growing vegetables in the Pacific Northwest coastal region Vegetables are not difficult to grow, but they do need more attention than most ornamental plants. With some crops you will get just one chance a year, so give them the attention and conditions they need right from the start.
Most warm-season vegetables (heat-lovers like tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, squash, and beans) can be grown here in the Pacific Northwest.
If you can give them the right conditions. But with our cool, wet springs and short summers, sometimes it can seem like an uphill battle.
Growing Vegetables in the Pacific Northwest. Febru by Kirsten Dunn. It's better to grow the vegetables that will work in your space, such as lettuce, kale, Asian greens, cilantro, and mint (always plant mint in a pot—it can be invasive in the garden).
Pacific Northwest Vegetable Planting Guide Posted on 29 Nov1 comment As promised, we now offer a complete, regions specific vegetable seed planting guide for the PACIFIC NORTHWEST. This is one of many region-specific guides offered here at Mary's Heirloom Seeds.
dening in the Inland Northwest (FitzgeraldMISC) for detailed growing guidelines suited to that area. Crop Selection What you decide to grow in your vegetable garden depends on what you want from it.
For example, you can trim your food budget by growing the more expensive vegetables that your family normally eats. Top 5 Books for Pacific Northwest Gardeners My home bio-region of the Pacific Northwest is a little quirky.
Our winters are as warm as Georgia and our summers are cooler than any other spot in the U.S. save Alaska. This mild climate gives us.
ith a little extra planning and care, you can enjoy fresh vegetables from your garden most of the year. Many cool-season crops produce well in the fall and, in mild-winter areas of the Pacific Northwest, hold through the winter if protected.
You can plant these vegetables in mid- to late summer after you harvest spring crops and as space is. COVID Resources. Reliable information about the coronavirus (COVID) is available from the World Health Organization (current situation, international travel).Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this ’s WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus.
The Timber Press Guide to Vegetable Gardening: Pacific Northwest is a growing guide that truly understands the unique eccentricities of the Northwest growing calendar. The month-by-month format makes it perfect for beginners and accessible to everyone — you can start gardening the month you pick it up.
Albright published a book, Coastal Gardening in the Pacific Northwest: From Northern California to British Columbia with Taylor Trade Publishing that is available for purchase on Amazon.
A guide from OSU Extension and partners, Short-Season Vegetable Gardening is available for free. Growing Vegetables West Of The Cascades, Steve Solomon.
This author has so much knowledge about growing vegetables in the maritime Pacific Northwest that I have recommended this book countless times. Because of this book, I dared to plant tomatoes earlier under cover and grow.
Description: By Lorene Edwards Forkner Gardeners in the Pacific Northwest are lucky indeed. Ample rainfall, good soil, and moderate temperatures grant us a long and hospitable growing season capable of yielding and ever-changing menu of seasonal and hyper-local food.
Welcome to the Pacific Northwest Home Gardener. This site is dedicated to home gardeners everywhere who plan, dream, and work very hard in their chosen garden areas. We are long time gardeners here at our family farm, Grand Point Farm. Our farm is located in the upper foothills on the North side of the Olympic Mountains in Washington State.
Growing vegetables in the Pacific northwest. [Cecil Solly] Home. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. Search. Search for Library Items Search for Lists Search for Contacts Search for a Library.
Create lists, bibliographies and reviews: or Search WorldCat. Find items in libraries near you. The Timber Press Guide to Vegetable Gardening: Pacific Northwest is a growing guide that truly understands the unique eccentricities of the Northwest growing calendar.
The month-by-month format makes it perfect for beginners and accessible to everyone—you can start gardening the month you pick it .Our Maritime Northwest Garden Guide is designed as a month-by-month gardening calendar, outlining when to plant vegetables, herbs and flowers.
In addition, it features information about the principles and techniques essential to year-round organic gardening.Product Description. The Timber Press Guide to Vegetable Gardening in the Pacific Northwest is a growing guide that truly understands the unique eccentricities of the Northwest growing calendar.
The month-by-month format makes it perfect for beginners and accessible to everyone — you can start gardening the month you pick it up.


Virtual Open Access Agriculture & Aquaculture Repository: Sharing Scientific and Scholarly Research related to Agriculture, Food, and Environment.
Open access to scientific/scholarly content removes the access barriers related to copyright retention to the outcomes of research. Several for-profit and non-profit cases have demonstrated their sustainability in this endeavour to date. However, leveraging the full potential of open access requires considering all the elements and aspects of scientific/scholarly work and not only unrestricted access to the final outcomes, i.e. the papers.


Handicapping Insights – July 23
by Dick Powell
If you think Del Mar’s weather last week was crazy, and it was, wait until you get to see how crazy Saratoga’s will be. Thunderstorms hit Del Mar and forced the turf races to the new dirt track, which was a sea of slop. It’s been over 20 years since that happened where the surf meets the turf.
At Saratoga, that is usually the norm but the last two seasons up here were extremely dry and few races came off the turf compared to normal.
But this year, we have had a crazy weather pattern that if it continues, will wreak havoc on the racing programs. This past May, there was virtually no rain up here. That all changed when June began and it has rained so much in the past eight weeks, the turf courses are a lush green but they might not get used too much if the weather pattern continues.
Normally, farmers cut and bale hay around the middle of June. This year, some farmers got lucky and got it cut and baled before the next storm hit. But many cut hay and then had it rained on before being baled which ruins it for horse’s consumption. The cows should be well fed this year.
Some farmers, with an abundance of caution, have delayed cutting and baling. I saw a local farm on Wednesday that cut their hay and had it rowed to be baled. While they dodged the rain bullet, the nutritional value of hay declines after the summer solstice and the chance of having enough time for a second cutting declines.
If this weather pattern continues, we could revert back to the mean and have a normal Saratoga; which means unpredictable storms and many races off the turf. The other day, I was talking to a trainer at the track and he said the sky opened up and it was pouring. Ten miles west of the track, it was sunny at my house.
So we could be looking at a main track that is wetter than normal and turf courses that will be softened up by rain. Just like Del Mar. Except their next thunderstorm could be in 20 years and ours could be this coming weekend.
The Saratoga main track has undergone some changes that must be followed. Red clay has been added to the mix of the cushion and it is supposed to tighten it up. Over the years, the main track has become more sandy and it has not played like it used to when speed was king. The red clay might make it quicker and look for it to be watered more than it used to.
Every year, weather permitting, the number of turf races contested at Saratoga goes up. This year should be no exception based on the turf festival just conducted at Belmont. For us dirt racing aficionados, it leaves us with a very small sample of dirt races to analyze. Throw in all the 2YO maiden races that will be run and the number of dirt races for everyone else is getting alarmingly small.
That said, what is the key to success handicapping Saratoga? To start, you must be flexible. Let’s say you hate turf sprints. Well, there will be about 70 of them contested in the 40-day meet and they might show up in a horizontal race that can’t be avoided.
If maiden 2YOs are not your thing, you are out of luck as the barns up here are bulging with unraced juveniles looking to kickstart their career. It used to be there were a ton of 2YO races run at Belmont before coming up here. That has not been true for the past five or 10 years so you can’t depend on Belmont form to analyze the juvenile races up here.
Handicapping 2YO maidens can be as simple as evaluating nature and nurture. Nature is the pedigree of the horse. Nurture is the trainer’s record at getting horses ready to win first time out. If a horse has both, it is a major contender. If a horse only has one, I would prefer it to be nature since no trainer in the world can get a 1 1/2-mile horse to win first time out going short.
With all the turf racing run up here, you better be good at watching replays and understanding trips. The meet gets a little bit easier when horses run back since the Belmont turf form is mostly one-turn sprints. The problem in today’s world is that they do not run back until the meet is more than half over. So analyzing Belmont turf races for two-turn races up here is problematic.
One piece of advice is to download the Ultimate Past Performances from last weekend at Belmont. This way, you will have the profiles for all the races run at Belmont so that when they come up here, you will have a strong understanding of what were the winning biases at Belmont and use them to evaluate the horses that are now racing up here.
Put it all together and you must be able to do a lot of things well to have success up here. If there is one thing that you are good at, six days a week of racing with 10 races a day should give you enough opportunity. But if you like to play the low takeout early Pick 5, there might be races in the sequence that are not your strong point so it pays to be a generalist rather than a specialist.
Saratoga Opening Day Satellite (Friday): For just $25 per entry, you can compete over the last eight races (tentatively scheduled as 3-10) on Saratoga's opening day card for a chance to win a top prize of $5,000 on Saturday, plus one of two seats to Twinspires.com’s November 28 Handicapping Championship.
Complete details: http://www.twinspires.com/saratoga-opening-day-satellite


Corn or maize, is a native grain plant of Mexico. There are six major types of corns – namely dent, flint, pod, pop, flour and sweet corn. Corns, in any form are an amazing source of niacin, thiamin, pantothenic acid, folate and B vitamins. Moreover, corn pods also contain antioxidant benefits, and contain cartenoids.
Corn is a source of excellent fiber – both soluble and insoluble. The fibers are extremely helpful for healthy gut bacteria. Corns or maize is a staple diet in Mexico, and can be found in almost every food items, which adds to the flavor of the foods.
Depending on the location, corn or maize plays an important role in the diet. For example, maize meal, which is a porridge made from corn is famous in different locations, but under different names. It is known as polenta in Italy, angu in Brazil and cornmeal mush in the United States.
Maize meal forms a staple diet in certain locations, and is used as an alternative to wheat flour, to produce the traditional and tasty corn bread. For Central American food, masa is an important ingredient. It is cornmeal with limewater, and is oftentimes the main ingredient for atole and tortillas.


It’s Memorial Day…the unofficial beginning of summer. For the Amish, it’s a time of gardening, visiting friends, fellowship, and fun. While the workday is just as long as before, most crops have been planted and it’s a period of hurry up and wait. Wait for the sun to shine, rain to fall, and plants to grow. With the longer days, families have barbecues and play volleyball, enjoying each others’ company. Often times, visitors come from out-of-state (or simply other church districts) and spend a few days on the farms.
When the crops are finally harvested, the women have gatherings to can vegetables, pickle beets, and prepare for the upcoming winter. The men sell their crops at market, cashing in at least two seasons of work: preparation, planning, plowing, and planting.
For me, I’m planning ahead…planning ahead as to what I will be doing this week. Winter seems a long way away. But for the Amish, they are always planning ahead while enjoying the moment. Just one more valuable lesson that we can learn from these amazing people.


This issue of Greener Roadsides serves as the conference proceedings for the 2001 conference, Seeds For the Future. On April 18-20, some 150 attendees converged in Orlando. They included: Departments of Transportation, Federal, State, and local agencies, researchers, native seed producers, farmers looking for alternative crops, and related vendors. The conference was based on the fact that the demand for regionally adapted native wildflower and grass seed exceeds the supply due to changes in law, land management strategies, and a conservation ethic. The gap between supply and demand delays projects, frustrates contractors, increases erosion control costs, delays habitat restoration, complicates wildfire revegetation, and generally slows many conservation efforts nationally. Pressure has increased due to improving technical information, changing local, State and Federal policies, reflecting public interest, and expanding support of ecological approaches in land management. The conference intent was to stimulate an emerging industry, native seed production, by sharing current market needs, and know-how. What follows are excerpts and summaries of the conference presentations.