ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ/ 2.Современные технологии управления.
Zhanbekova Z.Kh. c.e.s., Associate Professor
Karaganda economic University Kazpotrebsoyuz, Kazakhstan
STATE SUPPORT AND MEASURES TO ENSURE FOOD SECURITY IN KAZAKHSTAN
One of the most important areas of implementation of the concept of economic development of any country is the problem of food security, which includes guaranteeing a stable food supply, as well as the maintenance of agricultural production to ensure food sovereignty.
Food safety is an integral part of the national security of the country, as no state can achieve national, including economic security, is not satisfied in the first place people's needs for quality food.
In international practice, there are two main indicators of food security: first - is the amount of carry-over stocks of grain in the world, remain in storage until the next harvest harvesting; secondly - grain production level per capita.
The threshold value of the first indicator of the stock is considered to be equal to 60 days or 17% of annual world consumption . Reduction of stocks below this level leads to a sharp increase in world prices for grain, to the destabilization of the world grain market, deterioration of global market conditions for importing countries and, indirectly, the destabilization of other product markets . In Kazakhstan, the volume of carry-over stocks of grain set at 90 days, which corresponds to 25% of annual consumption. In establishing the criteria for the status of national food security must be taken into account that they have to characterize the level of satisfaction of the population's needs for food, as well as the sustainability of food security of the country.
To assess the level of food security of the population it is expedient in the opinion of many scientists and economists use the following criteria:
- Production of 80-85% of the total domestic food producers;
- Population of food consumption with an optimal level of calories (2353 kcal per day) ;
- Ensuring the rational structure of power and the complete satisfaction of the population's needs in accordance with the rules of physiologically justified;
- Match the quality of food products with the technical regulations;
- Generated through the creation of an insurance reserve of food at 25% of the annual volume of food consumption;
- There is a real possibility to meet nutritional needs, not produced domestically, or produced in insufficient quantities, by imports;
- Per capita production of at least one ton of grain.
In assessing the food security situation it is advisable to use the norms that regulate two normative levels of nutrition: an adequate used for socio-economic calculations in normal conditions and the minimum required to be used to guarantee the maintenance of the population in emergency food situations. In case of exceeding the threshold values of the above criteria is achieved by providing a threshold level.
The minimum required level of availability of food corresponds to the food component "consumer basket", ie a set of forty-three staple foods, defined on the basis of annual rates of consumption necessary for men of working age, and differentiated by gender and age.
Food security is characterized by physical access to food, economic access to food and quality of food.
Evaluation of physical access to food is carried out by comparing the level of the actual volumes of consumption of country food consumption standards, which are mainly used to develop the Kazakh Academy of Nutrition minimum standards for food consumption, based on the recommended level of consumption of the average inhabitant of the country. Analyzing the consumption of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period 2010-2015, it should be noted that only two of the ten most important food products had an excess consumption standards, indicating the presence in the country serious problems with food security.
In solving the problem of ensuring national food security serious attention should be paid to the country's self-sufficiency main types of food, that is, address the need for them primarily through domestic supplies with minimal dependence on foreign trade. When analyzing the capacity of the domestic food market of the Republic of Kazakhstan can be observe the following picture: the degree of availability of effective demand for domestic production of canned meat - 51.5%, sausage products - 62, condensed milk and cream - 20.6, dry milk - 44,5, butter - 66.4, cheese - 44.5, dairy products - 77.2, sugar - 69.7, confectionery products - 45%, juice - 68.5, canned tomato - 46.3, canned fruit and vegetables - less than 10%.
Internal flour market is fully provided by domestic production.
Economic access to food is defined as the possibility of acquiring a population of food products under the existing level of prices and incomes in the amounts set forth in the minimum consumer basket.
The country is considered to be secure in terms of food safety, where the proportion of people suffering from hunger is very low (less than 5 percent). In the case where the level of food deprivation (food calorie level), one of the food safety monitoring indicators, more than 35 percent of the country there is a problem of struggle against hunger.
During the period from 2009 to 2014 the proportion of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan of dietary energy consumption is below the minimum level, decreased by 5.2 times and amounted to 3% . Thus, at the present time the problem of hunger is not topical for Kazakhstan, which is among the countries with very low levels of food deprivation.
According to the FAO methodology, consumption inequality is measured by a coefficient of variation of the energy value of food consumption.
According to the FAO methodology, consumption inequality is measured by a coefficient of variation of the energy value of food consumption. This figure consists of two main components: the first reflects the inequality of food consumption due to income, the second - the inequality associated with biological factors (age and weight of household members).
A high coefficient of variation (30) the uneven distribution of energy among the population manifested primarily by income (or expense). A low value (about 20) is mainly due to non-uniformity of biological factors.
World experience shows that food safety problems arise, in particular, because of the lack of development of their own agricultural production states, the low level of economic development of the country: the population is not available on the food prices at which it reaches the market. According Energyprom.kz retail food prices in general rose by 12.7%.
Currently, Kazakhstan has problems with food security, because of the nine indicators of positive values achieved only by four (the amount of carry-over stocks of grain, grain production per capita, proportion of the population, dietary energy below minimum level, the average calorie daily diet nutrition).
According to academic economists as a recommendation proposes the following set of measures concerning the elimination of internal and external threats to national food security:
- improving the system of economic relations in the sphere of production, purchasing, primary and deep processing, storage, transportation and sale of agricultural products;
- encouraging small-scale agribusiness enterprises transition to specialized medium and of large-scale production, as well as the transfer of livestock and crop production on an industrial scale;
- An optimal combination of state and market regulation of prices of agricultural products with the aim of revitalizing the demand of the population and improve the competitiveness of domestic food in the domestic and foreign markets;
- Flexible taxation of farmers, the provision of tax benefits to those producers who have invested in the development of priority sectors and products, or to adhere to the principle of sustainable development of production in compliance with environmental regulations;
- Creation of a common food market of the CIS countries with the phasing out of customs duties and charges and the harmonization of pricing policy;
- Setting the size of railway tariffs for transit of goods through the territory of the CIS countries in order to increase grain export potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
- Modernization and technical re-equipment of enterprises of the processing industry, the introduction of advanced technology and quality management systems (ISO 9000, ISO 14000);
- Stimulating imports:
a) machinery and equipment intended for companies producing means of production for agricultural enterprises;
b) sets of production facilities for the manufacture of advanced industrial and agro-processing technologies;в) племенных животных высокопродуктивных пород и семян высокоурожайных и высокобелковых культур;
g) patents and licenses that promote indigenous scientific and technical re-equipment of AIC branches;
- Increasing the investment attractiveness of agriculture, the introduction of tax and other benefits that will contribute to the re-equipment of material and technical base of agrarian and industrial complex, the formation of smooth system of production, collection and processing of agricultural products, deliver it to processors and end users;
- Development of the system of leasing of equipment for the processing industry;
- Selective state support of efficient production, import substitution and have export potential;
- Consistent implementation of the policy of import substitution, the saturation of the domestic market a wide range of high-quality and competitive products of domestic production, the reduction of the import of the food that can be produced in Kazakhstan;
- Regulation of exports and imports on the basic strategic types of food: grain, meat, milk;
- The effective use of the potential of different soil and climatic and economic areas of the country in view of the deepening of specialization and creation on this basis specialized food zones;
- Implementation of targeted programs for the rehabilitation and development of industries such as the production of sugar beet, oilseed, oil, meat, milk and baby food;
- Rational distribution throughout the country enterprises for the processing of raw materials and agricultural products as close to their place of production, the expansion of the practice of the construction companies, workshops and productions directly to households;
- Optimization of production facilities pererabaty processing industry;
- A departure from the existing practice of regulating the grain market as a whole with the transition to the regulation of production and sale of each type of cereal, by setting priorities and priorities for use of available resources;
- Development and implementation of "green revolution" in agriculture mechanism, providing:
a. the introduction of new high-yielding crop varieties of domestic and foreign selection with a view to a sharp increase in food resources;
b. mechanization and chemicals used in agriculture;
c. Drainage and irrigation of land;
d. Restoration of fertility of degraded soils with humus content violated;
e. promotion of ecological and economic farming systems; - Creation of conditions and activation processes domestic food output to foreign markets, encouraging exports of grain and products of its processing;
f. Protection of the Republic of substandard food by improving the work of the standardization and certification of services and products to develop state standards for basic foodstuffs in order to harmonize the system with international standards;
g. Improving the agribusiness infrastructure, in particular, the establishment of large and medium cities, municipal wholesale food markets; - Preferential loans for the construction of the food market infrastructure and transport routes, subsidizing the tariffs for the supply of food from other regions;
h. The creation of an extensive network of procurement centers in all rural settlements of the republic, remote areas and distant areas with a high concentration of agricultural raw materials;
i. Stabilization of the food market by providing purchasing and commodity interventions;
j. Development of exchange trading system of food; - Improving the personnel system, scientific, legal and information support of agricultural enterprises; - Monitoring the food market and food security of Kazakhstan, the creation of mechanisms of public control of expediency of import and qualitative characteristics of imported food.
1. Khromov, YS food security problems of Russia: international and domestic aspects / YS Khromov. - M .: RISR - 252.
2. Eltcova, O. Food Market in Kazakhstan: A guide for entrepreneurs, teachers, students / O. Eltcova, G. Mjaken'kaja, Yu Sinyavsky, etc .; Ed. O. Eltsova. - Almaty Institute of Economical. Research, 1999. - 292 p.
3. Evaluation of food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of the assessment of living standards of household survey data in 2009 and 2014. - Almaty: Kazakhstan Agency of Statistics, 2015. - 21 p.
5. The State of Food Insecurity in the world [electronic resource]. - Access: htpp: // www.fao.org> publications / sofi / ru
6. Evaluation of food security: Targeted concepts and indicators for the adoption of constructive solutions [electronic resource]. - Mode of access: http: www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-home/cfsroundtable1/ru


Southeast Asian climate experts have warned that extreme precipitation brought about by climate change may adversely affect the region’s food security.
(JANSEN ROMERO / MANILA BULLETIN FILE PHOTO)
“In a 1.5-degree warming scenario, Southeast Asia will have a 70 percent increase in precipitation; while in a 2-degree warming world, there will be a 10 percent increase in extreme precipitation. That will have a huge impact in agriculture,” said Lourdes Tibig, lead author of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and a member of the Philippine Climate Change Commission’s National Panel of Technical Experts. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), by 2050, crop yields will decrease by 25 percent if climate change is not addressed now. “Numbers do not tell lies. All the more that scientists’ collaboration across Southeast Asia is needed,” Tibig said. Southeast Asia is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change. It is bound by more than its proximity but also with their cultures and customary practices. Responding to the climate challenge, the group of climate, forestry, and agriculture scientists from Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam laid the foundation for a regional network to use science as basis for long-term development strategies. “We should be aware of our vulnerability. The level of readiness in facing the impacts of climate change among countries in Southeast Asia is different. By sharing our practices, we can collectively address the knowledge gaps that exist in the region,” said Mahawan Karuniasa, chairman of the Indonesia Expert Network for Climate Change and Forestry. “We need a network to strengthen our engagement because this is the key factor in enhancing capacity and improving our resiliency,” Karuniasa said. Southeast Asia is among the world’s largest producers of rice after India and China. The region is also a global hotspot of biodiversity, with the third largest intact forest area in the world.
By Ellalyn De Vera-Ruiz
Source: Manila Bulletin


No doubt the agriculture sector seems to be the only booming sector in this depressed economy.
While many are losing their jobs and others their once thriving income due to the harsh state of this present economy a 23-yrs-old UNIBEN undergraduate from the department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Benin, Benin City suddenly bumped into a weird simple Watermelon fruits farming strategies and made over 9 Million Naira in 162days growing it even without using cutlass/hoe or any kind of strenuous crude implements.
The amazing part of this young Environment Science undergraduate’s watermelon millionaire success story is that, he has never done anything farming in his entire life before neither does he has the strength to even lift a cutlass from the ground yet he did it and the results speaks volume.
Jude only became inspired after bumping into Osagie one security staff turned Watermelon Millionaire success story HERE he reached out to him for his strategies – the kind of organic nor-GMO seeds that is best for the Nigeria weather, the lists of various chemicals used, their methods of application and all that and the rest now is history.
First, he began by cheaply getting about 22hecatares of land (about N5,000 per hectare) with the help and arrangement of a Guy Stanly at the Benin-Owena River Basin Authority and hired a tractor from the same agency to have it prepared.
And in 4days the entire 22hectares was ploughed and harrowed by the tractor and planting was done using the specialized bumper-yield-bearing seedlings.
Treatment – a combination of foliar fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, fungicides etc. were repeatedly applied by the ‘Ogoja’ boys to boost yield and completely get rid of insects and stop diseases from breaking out among the crops.
This he was doing mostly weekend when there is no lecture so that he can adequately supervise the ‘Ogoja’ workers instructing them on the correct thing to do at every stage just as he had learned from Osagie’s watermelon millionaire strategies.
The ‘Ogoja’ boys were arranged to be paid at the end of the cultivation seasons.
The crops grew and the treatment chemicals were repeatedly applied to regulate insects and diseases outbreak on the farm.
The harvesting of the crops started after 73days of planting and they were sold at the end of the season.
And after 162days of running it two seasons over 9 Million Naira was realized.
He would have made way more than N9m from his smart agrobiz if had spaced his planting days as most of the fruits got ripe almost at the same time.
Before now this 23-yrs-old young UNIBEN undergraduate had always dreaded everything farming just like everyone even though when we know how highly profitable it could be. The lazy man smart approach to farming without touching and using cutlass/hoe he bumped into made him changed his mindset gave it a shoot and he got this results right here.
The Only Way Now Left For Ordinary People To Get Rich Fast In This Present Economy?
Agriculture is now the way to go especially the smart mechanized lazy man type like this one here. No wonder the government and experts keep yelling it into our ears every now and then.
The results of this young 23-yrs-old UNIBEN Environmental science undergraduatestudent who has never done anything farming all his life before is a big reason why we all have to embrace it the smart way and take back our financial destiny.
It a sustainable and dependable income that with which everyone with his or her family can depend on especially during a time like this our economy seems to be going southwards every day.
“Thank God for Osagie’s smart agro million business without cutlass/hoe story I bumped into. His proven strategies taught me that with advancement in technology and research I can easily become a successful farmer with no former experience and make great gains without having to touch or use cutlass/hoe as against the wrong notion I had before.
“I’m Now Setting Up 100 Hectares”
“I’m now planning of setting up 100 hectares flat and use this same used before to grow other profitable fast vegetable crops this season and I’ve decided to teach as many people that are serious in taking their finance to another level leveraging the hidden riches in agrobiz by revealing to them in a webinar (live training) how anyone can go from almost nothing to making over 4 million naira in short 83days doing a lazy man smart farming without touching or using cutlass/hoe.”
You can quickly register for this FREE training here before the remaining 50 seats is filled. https://run.easywebinar.live/wm-reg
What You’ll LEARN From The Smart Agro Million Webinar (Live Event)
On this live presentation of N9m in 162days smart lazy man agro million case-study Webinar (live online training) you’re going to learn among many things and be able to ask and get answers to your questions on how you can go about everything if you need to know.
You’ll discover and learn among many things as
1. How anyone can get 1 hectare of land for N2500 – N5,000 guaranteed
2. How and where to cheaply hire tractor that will help plough and harrow the land for you.
3. The name of the recommended hybrid seeds and where to get them near you. And while we’ve stick to using this particular hybrid seeds.
4. The name of the treatment chemicals – foliars, insecticides, pesticides, fungicides where and how to get them plus how to accurately apply them.
5. The red light management mistakes that almost destroy my crops after 3 weeks of cultivation and how I was able to remedy it once and for all.
6. My 3 unique methods I that used in selling my produce for mega profits.
You should register here now for the training FREE before the 50 seats left are filled. Click https://run.easywebinar.live/wm-reg to reserve your seat now.
Agriculture as you may already know is now the way left for us to get rich in this present economy and unique strategies that brought in over N9m in 162days for the 23-yrs-old UNIBEN undergraduate without cutlass and hoe is a perfect one you can model today.
It’s Now Up To You
You can decide to attend this FREE online training from anywhere you’re in the world and BUILD yourself another new solid sustainable income source that is recession proof anytime and anyday just by registering to reserve your seat here https://run.easywebinar.live/wm-reg or continue to whine and panic over how ceaseless crazy bills as a result of the ever skyrocketing inflation to keep putting you under pressure by not making you not to be able to live that quality life you have always desired and dreamt of.
It’s all your choice.
If you’re ready to learn how an ordinary 23-yrs-old environmental scienceundergraduate student of UNIBEN did it and raked in over 9 million naira in 162days without ever touching or using cutlass/hoe – his strategies, methods, mistakes and lessons then click here to attend this webinar (live online event) now by registering when you click the registration link below.
Jerry Obamwonyi (Coach & Consultant)
Live Training Reg. Link: https://run.easywebinar.live/wm-reg
Tel: 07032472869 available 9am – 4pm (Mon – Fri)


One commonly missed coverage on a farm policy is peak season. Not many agents are talking about it and I am not sure why, it is an extremely important topic. Peak season is a coverage outside of your standard blanket limits which accounts for increased inventory during “peak” times of the year or additional inventory not otherwise accounted for. There’s two times this typically comes into play, spring and fall. Also, when planning make sure your peak season coverage is aligning with your costs.
In the spring this coverage would apply to additional seed, fertilizer, or even chemicals. During fall harvest it would cover your Ag produce, especially if you store it at your farm. Additional produce can include; corn, soy beans, hay, corn sileage, or any kind of produce that you wouldn’t normally have on hand. Likewise, don’t forget the yield you’re expecting in the fall. By building this coverage into your farm insurance policy you have opportunity to increase coverage on unused planting materials as well as your finished yield at a lessor rate during those times.
Another important aspect to remember is that this policy could potentially cover live stock in some circumstances.
If you have questions relating to peak season feel free to reach me at 608-827-4525 or via email email@example.com


Crop improvement s advantages disadvantage s
Genetic modification and engineering is nothing new, where people have been already manipulating crops and food for many years, using methods that range from classical selection to fermentation. Responsibility Relevant department manager shall responsible to submit staff requisition form upon staff requirement.
Moreover, viral genes added to crops to confer resistance might be transferred to other viral pathogens, which can lead to new and more virulent virus strains.
Advantages of artificial selection
The role of products including moisturizing, whitening, anti-wrinkle and even acne ,to meet different needs in the market. The main objective of selective breeding is to create enhanced farm yields or items, which ultimately means that species variety is going to be compromised for the sake of a higher level of productivity and may lead to limited opportunities for the continuance of the evolutionary expansion in the future from the reason that only positive traits would remain. However, there are a lot of people keen on being single even if someone who is married or attached for the advantages of being single. Biological Control: Using a predator intentionally to fix the pest population size is known as biological control. Research Method Advantages Disadvantages Naturalist Observation Allows the behavior to be observed in a natural environment. It can provide a sustainable food chain. The human food chain can be stabilized. Sustainable intensive farming, intensive aquaculture, intensive livestock farming, and management-intensive grazing fall under this farming category. His job entailed gaining valuable information as to compare how their company was fairing with competing companies in the aircraft manufacturing industry.
List of Disadvantages of Selective Breeding 1. If one looked at a Chihuahua and a St. It increases their knowledge in mathematics by computing the gold's, damages, magic and physical reduction present in the game.
With this farming method, people will be able to produce higher amounts of crops. The process of selective breeding becomes about humans only. Now, do you think that genetically modified crops are good for society or not? Our system seems to run very well and there are many advantages of using the system we do.
Summary: What are the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modifying food crops? Better yet, this technology makes it possible to enhance the vitamin and mineral content of food, providing benefits to consumers.
Merits and demerits of crop variety improvement
Do their benefits outdo the risks? Animals can be selectively bred to take less development time before they enter the human food chain. Self contractor is one example of a sole proprietorship. However, the debate is still ongoing, but we hope to see some new inventions or improvements in the near future. Taking crops for example, selective breeding could cause environmental problems in a way that they would have a different requirement for the amount of water they have to consume. They are not entirely believed to be safe. Does it affect the surrounding environment? The main objective of selective breeding is to create enhanced farm yields or items, which ultimately means that species variety is going to be compromised for the sake of a higher level of productivity and may lead to limited opportunities for the continuance of the evolutionary expansion in the future from the reason that only positive traits would remain. It should not be taken granted that every single people are loser or having good life. In addition, it was going to They have improved quality and taste, as well as increased nutrients. By weighing the advantages and disadvantages listed above, you can come together to find a solution that helps the world with meeting its needs into the future. Much has been written about this technological breakthrough and its impact-both positive and negative-in the years since Once planted, however, that corn takes water resources away from other plants or animals.
Animals can be selectively bred to be heavier to produce more meat, have physical characteristics which allow them to meet specific needs, or have a specific appearance. However, there are a lot of people keen on being single even if someone who is married or attached for the advantages of being single.
It requires no company patent.
based on 39 review


When creating foods for dogs and cats we are inspired by the idea of preserving good health and wellbeing of your pets, who, as we know, are members of your family. Healthy food depends to a large extent on property selected raw materials, professional cultivation and production preparation.
We select raw materials coming only from Polish local farms, from the area of rich soil and fresh air.
Experienced farmers are involved in breeding pigs, poultry, cattle and cultivating cereals and potatoes, who pass their passion and skills from generation to generation.
We seek all over Poland farms offering healthy products with appropriate certificates to prove their quality.
Raw materials come mostly from: Lower Silesia, Lesser Poland, Warmia and Masuria, Opole Province and Pomerania.
Cereals are imported mostly from Lower Silesia, where they are grown on not very big individual farms. Due to its high ecological value, favourable climate, long period of vegetation and excellent soil, cereal production is one on the main agricultural activities in Lower Silesia. Farmers reduce to minimum application of fertilizers and crop protection chemicals which only help to preserve the natural environment and landscape.
Potatoes come from our Greater Poland located in the mid-western region of our country, the region of diverse landscape covered with numerous lakes and National Parks. The lowland topography, moderate climate as well as knowledge and experience of cultivation, care and storage can guarantee obtaining tasty, healthy and, first of all, nutritious crops. Carefully selected varieties of high disease resistance reduce the need for chemical protection. In consequence, healthy food is created, which is highly valued all over the world.
Subcarpathia is the region most of our poultry comes from.
Among forests, lakes and in fresh air, cattle is raised in Warmia and Masuria and Podlasie. This not much contaminated region, called „Green Lungs of Poland” is a sanctuary, escape for people from stress and everyday hurry and it also is a perfect place to breed animals from which we get healthy and high value meat.
A careful control carried out by our experienced personnel and audits of our suppliers accompany each stage of obtaining and preparing raw materials for our production.


With Plant! the COAL Prize 2023 invites artists from all over the world to sow the seeds of creation and action, to germinate new research and experimentation, so that an inventive and resilient plant-based way of thinking can flourish in the world to come.
“If you don’t sow, you’ll never grow”. Thus advises the wisdom of plants, organisms that tame the depths to grow towards the light. Endlessly iterating, they synthesise the blue planet into a green world, the colour of hope and renewal, the symbol of ecology, the shimmer of life, dreaming and generating a habitable Earth. The plant kingdom, abundant in an infinite number of shapes, sizes and colours, represents the overwhelming majority of the mass of life on Earth. Robust, the plants live in continuity and mesh every electron in their environment. Thus, for several hundred million years, they have been a model of adaptation, resilience and diversity, feeding and inspiring the development of human societies, which ceaselessly draw on their resources and imitate their forms. Yet plant life is, more than ever, threatened by climate change, the destruction of natural habitats and the depletion of resources.
Every year, ten projects are shortlisted by a committee of professionals. The COAL Prize and its special mentions are awarded from among these ten projects.The winner of the COAL Prize will be awarded 12,000 euros and benefits from a residence in the heart of the Domaine de Belval, property of the François Sommer Foundation. In addition, all applications considered by COAL and the selection committee will become part of a network of artists and projects may be solicited or promoted for opportunities and actions carried out by COAL and its partners.
This year's COAL Prize is call to feel the richness of plants, their balances and dynamics, from seed to calyx, from molecule to ecosystem. Applications that include a detailed description of the proposed project, describing its artistic dimension, its relevance to the theme PLANT! and a note on the technical feasibility of the project can be submitted until 19 March. Find more information here.
The COAL Prize is supported by the European Union through the European cooperation programme ACT – Art Climate Transition, the French Office for Biodiversity, the Museum of Hunting and Nature, the Fondation François Sommer and the Fondation LAccolade, as well as by a partnership with the Centre Wallonie Bruxelles/Paris and the Ateliers Médicis.


Below you’ll find an in-depth exploration into the mechanisms of action for Organic Intelligence (O.I.), the core technology behind one of my companies. Rooted in advanced biotechnology and environmental science, O.I. promises to redefine sustainable agriculture as we know it. If you’re interested in the scientific nuances that make this technology so groundbreaking, I invite you to read on.
· · ·
Organic Intelligence (O.I.) embodies an intricate merger of advanced biotechnology, molecular biology, and environmental science. Central to O.I.’s innovation is the symbiotic orchestration between the inherent molecular intelligence of plants and the ubiquitous mycorrhizal networks, or the so-called “Earth’s Internet.”
The concept of O.I. is grounded in the understanding and leveraging of this deep-rooted symbiosis, which has evolved over billions of years, promoting plant survival, growth, and prosperity. This ancient partnership forms the basis of O.I., building upon the inherent resilience of plants and mycelial networks’ capacity for information exchange, adaptation, and mutual support.
Key to the O.I. approach is the strategic use of naturally occurring signaling molecules, synthesized under rigorously controlled conditions in bioreactors. These molecules serve as epigenetic catalysts, instigating a cascade of information and secondary and tertiary molecules within the plant and mycorrhizal network. The result is a complex interplay of biochemical reactions and symbiotic interactions that enhance plant resilience, amplify growth potential, and augment crop yield.
Through this harmonious convergence of plant intelligence and mycorrhizal network capabilities, O.I. redefines the frontiers of progressive agricultural advancement. By understanding and leveraging these ancient mechanisms, O.I. offers an approach that echoes the complexity of nature itself, promising innovative solutions for the agricultural challenges of the future.
The subsequent sections will delve into the multilayered mechanisms, sophisticated biotechnological strategies, and intricate molecular interplays that define the power and potential of Organic Intelligence.
The Base Science Behind Organic Intelligence
The fundamental concept of Organic Intelligence is underpinned by a deep comprehension of the complex evolutionary partnership between plants and mycorrhizal networks. This symbiotic relationship, woven over billions of years of natural selection, holds untold potential for driving agricultural advancement.
At its core, O.I. leverages a broad spectrum of molecular mechanisms and biotechnological strategies, of which the synthesis and strategic utilization of naturally occurring signaling molecules is the linchpin. Generated under meticulously controlled conditions in state-of-the-art bioreactors, these molecules function as epigenetic catalysts, triggering a cascade of biochemical reactions within the plant and the interconnected mycorrhizal network.
The introduction of these signaling molecules initiates an intricate molecular interplay. They engage the plant’s inherent genetic intelligence, triggering adaptive epigenetic modifications and subsequent molecular and physiological responses. These changes encompass the induction of heat shock proteins, the intensification of antioxidant enzymes, the regulation of phytohormones, and the augmentation of mycorrhizal networks. Simultaneously, they incite shifts within the mycorrhizal network, leading to enhanced nutrient transfer, improved soil structure, and increased stress resilience.
This multifaceted interaction sets off a domino effect, instigating a myriad of secondary and tertiary reactions within the plant and its subterranean allies. This results in improved resilience, increased growth potential, and augmented crop yield – all hallmarks of the power and potential of O.I.
SIGNALLING MOLECULES: INTRICATE CONDUCTORS OF BIOCHEMICAL CASCADES
Organic Intelligence (O.I.) is predicated on an expansive comprehension of the intrinsic roles and multifaceted mechanisms of action carried out by specific signalling molecules within plant organisms and mycorrhizal networks. These select molecules are not simply inert intermediaries but active agents capable of transmitting and modulating a range of biochemical messages – each a testament to the sophistication of O.I.’s design principles.
Produced in rigorously controlled conditions within sophisticated bioreactors, these signalling molecules are crafted with precision to uphold consistency and assure pharmaceutical-grade quality. This meticulous synthesis process is part and parcel of our commitment to upholding the integrity of the molecules’ functional roles, mitigating the risk of disruptive interference in their signalling abilities.
The selection of these signalling molecules for O.I. is anything but arbitrary. Leveraging the biological intelligence inherent in plant life and mycorrhizal networks, we have identified the molecules that occupy pivotal positions as initiators of complex downstream molecular cascades. As they are introduced into the system, these molecules act as keys, unlocking a domino effect of secondary and tertiary molecular interactions.
These secondary and tertiary interactions are far from chaotic. They are regulated by an intricate matrix of feedback mechanisms and regulatory pathways, sculpting a vast and complex web of biocommunication. This network of interactions spans across individual plants and is further extended by mycorrhizal networks, encapsulating the extensive reach and profound impact of these signaling molecules. Each interaction, each message propagated, serves as another thread woven into the elaborate tapestry of O.I.’s biochemical orchestration.
In the hands of O.I., these signaling molecules transcend their basic biological function. They become instrumental in evoking complex, cooperative biological responses, opening the gates for enhanced plant survival, growth, and overall health. They stand at the frontline of O.I.’s strategy, setting in motion a series of biochemical events that epitomize the elegance and intricacy of nature’s own strategies, yet are guided by human understanding and technology for a greater, common good.
MYCORRHIZAL NETWORKS: THE UNDERPINNING FRAMEWORK OF INTERPLANT COMMUNICATION
Mycorrhizal networks (also commonly referred to as mycelial networks) represent an astonishing biological marvel in their own right – serving as a testament to the planet’s formidable evolutionary journey. These structures constitute an essential yet often underappreciated element within the orchestration of the Organic Intelligence system.
Widely recognized as one of nature’s most intricate subterranean communication systems, mycorrhizal networks’ extensive filaments weave an underground web that bridges different plant individuals and species. These networks have formed symbiotic alliances with their plant partners over billions of years, an enduring relationship shaped by mutualistic exchanges and cooperative survival strategies.
Organic Intelligence acknowledges the influential role of mycorrhizal networks as mediators and facilitators of its signaling molecules. The networks’ filamentous structure enables the rapid, broad-scale transmission of these molecules across vast plant communities. Additionally, the interactions between the signaling molecules and the mycorrhizal networks catalyze an array of secondary biochemical processes, further enriching the molecular cascade initiated by O.I.
The intricate interplay between O.I.’s signaling molecules, the plants, and the mycorrhizal networks illuminates the profound impact of these symbiotic networks. They are not just passive conduits, but active participants in the complex bio-informational interchange, enhancing the reach, precision, and efficacy of the signaling process.
By leveraging these ancient and sophisticated networks, Organic Intelligence transcends traditional agricultural boundaries. It infuses its intricate, biochemical programming into an existing matrix of inter-plant communication and cooperation. The result is an unprecedented level of integrated plant health optimization, harnessing the potential of a primordial network for a future-facing, sustainable agriculture paradigm.
DOWNSTREAM MECHANISMS OF ACTION
I. ENHANCED INDUCTION OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS
O.I. acts as a uniquely constructed epigenetic catalyst to stimulate an intensified cellular response within the plants, thereby precipitating the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Belonging to an evolutionarily conserved protein family, HSPs play a pivotal role in bolstering plant resilience to stress by functioning as molecular chaperones, responsible for maintaining protein homeostasis under various environmental stressors such as extreme temperatures, drought, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation.
The HSP induction process is governed by a complex molecular phenomenon mediated by heat shock transcriptional factors (HSFs). These transcriptional regulators respond to a spectrum of environmental stressors, facilitating the intricate dynamics of plant stress response. HSFs, upon activation, bind to highly specific cis-regulating heat shock elements present in the promoter regions of HSP genes, thereby orchestrating the recruitment and assembly of the transcriptional machinery required for gene expression.
In the repertoire of the O.I., a distinctive formulation of bio-reactor synthesized, naturally occurring stressors is utilized to stimulate the plant’s intrinsic stress response mechanisms. This proprietary blend is composed of a carefully calibrated assemblage of molecules identified for their pronounced influence within mycorrhizal networks, superseding the impact of traditional stress-inducing agents.
Upon foliar administration, this meticulously engineered formulation triggers the HSF-mediated transcriptional activation of HSP genes, leading to a pronounced upregulation of HSPs. The resultant HSP surge bestows the treated plants with enhanced stress resilience, consequently augmenting crop yield.
Corroborative findings from our internal studies bolster this innovative approach. It was observed that plants subjected to the O.I. displayed a substantial upregulation in HSP expression, outperforming untreated controls. This heightened HSP activity correlated with a demonstrable improvement in drought tolerance, and an appreciable amplification in overall crop yield.
II. AMPLIFICATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES
O.I. incites a powerful epigenetic reaction, resulting in a marked escalation in the synthesis of quintessential antioxidant enzymes, specifically superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The primary function of these enzymes is to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), shielding the plant from oxidative stress, thereby establishing an essential defense mechanism.
This heightened expression of antioxidant enzymes allows the plant to sustain an optimal ROS balance, crucial for unimpeded growth and development. It also fortifies the plant against various environmental stressors, such as extreme temperatures, drought, and salinity, thereby augmenting its adaptability.
Further, the intensified presence of these antioxidant enzymes safeguards the plant’s fundamental cellular structures – including membrane lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins – from potential damage inflicted by ROS. This increased enzymatic activity, part of the plant’s intrinsic stress response system, serves as a key determinant for improved plant survival and productivity.
The ability of O.I. to incite this enhanced enzymatic response represents a critical component of our approach. Leveraging the innate defense mechanisms of the plant, this technology fosters a highly resilient physiological state, capable of withstanding various environmental adversities.
III. AMPLIFICATION OF PHYTOHORMONAL RESPONSES
O.I. elicits a substantial induction of specific plant hormones, notably abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA). These phytohormones function as vital regulators within the extensive framework of plant stress responses.
ABA has been identified as a key player in the modulation of drought and water stress responses within plant physiology. It has been demonstrated to mediate stomatal aperture regulation, which inherently influences the plant’s equilibrium in terms of water balance. In addition, ABA modulates the expression of a constellation of genes integral to stress tolerance and water homeostasis, thereby augmenting the plant’s ability to withstand adverse environmental variables.
Contrarily, JA serves as a cardinal arbitrator of plant defense mechanisms against biotic stressors, including both pathogens and herbivores. It governs a wide array of physiological events, spanning from growth and development to senescence. Upon activation, JA signaling pathways instigate the expression of a series of defense-centric genes, culminating in the production of bioactive molecules, notably phytotoxins, and pathogenesis-related proteins that are essential in bolstering plant defense mechanisms against biotic stressors.
The induction of these phytohormones, facilitated by O.I., substantially enhances the plant’s overall stress tolerance and resilience. This elevated hormonal response not only fortifies the plant’s intrinsic defenses against biotic stressors but also significantly contributes to the augmentation of crop yield.
IV: AUGMENTATION OF MYCORRHIZAL NETWORK INTEGRITY AND FUNCTION
O.I. ingeniously exploits the elaborate lattice of mycorrhizal networks, thereby facilitating efficient propagation of stress-related signals across plant communities. This ultimately leads to an exceptional amplification of these subterranean systems, and consequently, engenders superior plant health and increased crop yield.
Mycorrhizal networks – intricate symbiotic unions between plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi – are fundamentally integral to a plethora of plant functions, inclusive of nutrient assimilation, water uptake, and bolstering the plant’s defenses against pathogenic incursions. O.I. catalyzes the enhancement of these networks, thus facilitating improved nutrient acquisition, augmented stress tolerance, and ultimately, healthier plants and superior crop yields. This process is orchestrated via the activation of a specific subset of signaling cascades within the plant, leading to modulations in gene expression and the synthesis of specialized enzymes imperative for the establishment, maintenance, and expansion of mycorrhizal symbiosis. The introduction of the stress-inducing molecular complex also instigates shifts in fungal community dynamics within the mycorrhizal network, further contributing to its augmentation.
V: PROPAGATION OF STRESSORS VIA MYCORRHIZAL NETWORKS
The process of stressor propagation via mycorrhizal networks represents an intricate, multifaceted, and highly dynamic process underpinned by a series of interconnected physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. These vast networks display a remarkable aptitude for perceiving and adapting to a variety of stressors, inclusive of but not restricted to, drought, pathogen attack, and nutrient paucity, subsequently initiating a sequence of adaptive responses within their plant hosts.
This communication is arbitrated by an extensive suite of signaling pathways, encompassing hormonal signaling, transcriptional modulation, and metabolic recalibration, which converge to activate a plethora of stress-responsive genes, and instigate an assortment of protective mechanisms within the host plant. This exchange of stress-related information and signaling molecules occurs via intricate conduits, established between mycorrhizal fungi and host plants, consisting of specialized structures, namely hyphae and arbuscules, which intimately interact with host plant cells.
It is noteworthy that these networks are capable of translocating molecules such as amino acids, sugars, and lipids, between plants, an aspect that is conjectured to play a pivotal role in the orchestration of a systemic host response. Our understanding of this process, while continually evolving, still harbors certain lacunae. Consequently, further research is necessitated to fully decipher its intricacies and harness its potential within the realm of plant stress management.
VI: AMPLIFICATION OF STRESS-PERTINENT TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS
O.I. elicits an epigenetic response in plants, effectuating an amplification of stress-pertinent transcription factors such as DREB (dehydration responsive element binding protein) and CBF (C-repeat binding factor). These transcription factors function as critical mediators of plant stress responses.
The amplification of stress-linked transcription factors is an integral facet of the epigenetic response incited by O.I.. Transcription factors constitute a category of proteins that affix themselves to explicit DNA sequences, thereby administrating the transcription of genes. DREB and CBF represent transcription factors that have been extensively scrutinized and are acknowledged for their pivotal roles in managing plant stress responses, specifically in reacting to environmental stressors like drought, cold, and salinity.
Upon activation by environmental stressors, these transcription factors bind to cis-acting elements present in the promoters of stress-responsive genes, inciting the activation of a succession of downstream genes implicated in various stress-protective mechanisms. These mechanisms include the accumulation of osmolytes, the synthesis of antioxidants, and the activation of heat shock proteins. This sequential activation subsequently results in the plant’s enhanced capability to cope effectively with environmental stressors.


Outdoor Water Conservation
What can I do to conserve water outdoors?
Outdoor water usage can be twice that of indoor water usage. Much of that water usage is unnecessary. Here are some simple ways for you to take care of your lawn and garden while still conserving water.
For your lawn
- Mow your lawn so that it is between 2 and 3 inches long. This will provide natural ground shade and help promote water retention by the soil.
- Mow often so that you cut no more than a third of the height of the grass at a time. This will prevent excessive shock that can cause grass to turn yellow.
- Keep your mower blades sharp and only mow when the grass is dry. This will give you a cleaner cut. Grass that is shredded by dull blades uses more water.
- Leave grass clippings on your lawn. They contain high amounts of nitrogen, a key ingredient in fertilizer, and they help retain moisture.
- Cut back on fertilizer. Too much fertilizer can damage the soil and attract pests. Use organic or slow-release fertilizers, which are less likely to wash off your lawn.
- During dry and hot spells, your lawn may turn brown. It is not dead, but dormant, and it will revive itself when wetter weather returns.
- If you are reseeding your lawn, use a blend of grass seeds to make your lawn more tolerant of pests and resistant to disease. Also, select a grass variety that is well suited to the conditions of your property.
- If you do not use your lawn, consider minimizing or getting rid of it completely. There are many attractive, low-water ground covers and landscaping alternatives available.
When watering your lawn
- Observe the Acton Water District’s outdoor water restrictions.
- Let rainfall do your watering — there are often weeks when we recieve an inch or more of rainfall. Providing lawns with more than one inch of water per week may be bad for the lawn, and is a waste of our precious water supplies.
- Water no more than 1 inch per week. Place empty cans around your lawn where you are watering and measure the depth of water to determine how long it takes to water 1 inch.
- Water only as rapidly as the soil can absorb it.
- Water your lawn in the early morning to minimize evaporation and prevent the growth of fungi. Avoid watering when it is windy.
- Gradually extend the length of time between waterings. This will cause the grass to require less water and be more drought resistant, as well as conserve water.
- Avoid watering the sidewalk or driveway.
- If you have an automatic sprinkler system, shut it off after any substantial rainfall
In the garden
- Get rid of weeds, which can compete with your plants for water.
- Use mulch around plants to reduce evaporation and discourage weeds.
- Start vegetable plants from seed, if possible. They will usually develop stronger and deeper root systems this way.
- Use native plants, which generally require less care and water.
Other ways to conserve water
- Cover pools and spas when not in use. In one week, an inch or more of water can evaporate from uncovered pools.
- Sweep down decks, driveways and sidewalks instead of hosing them off.
- When washing your car, shut off the hose between rinses.


It is all about spare parts!
Jiangsu FIDEL Machinery Company has been founded in 2014 by the company, Jiangsu Fidel Group, who is one of the most established companies in his sector and producer of replacement parts for tractors and combine harvesters since 1974, with the aim of supplying its own production products to the customers directly.
In the following years, our company is not content only with in-house produced products and has also undertaken the sale of many other high quality products of recognized brands in the market. In addition, in order to offer the best quality and most cost-effective products to its valued customers, FIDEL has also started to import many quality products from different countries. Finally, it has reached a comprehensive range of products and become one of the leading manufacturer and wholesale distributor of aftermarket replacement parts for combine harvester, tractor, corn head and baler in domestic and global markets.
Our company supplies products to its local customers in whole world. Over time, it has come a long way in this field, too. Currently, our company exports its products to its valued customers in more than 50 countries in 5 continents of the world.
Having the best-in-class brands in product range, FIDEL continues its activities with the aim of becoming a global company in the fields it works. FIDEL owes its success to a management approach that focuses on customer satisfaction, efficiency and quality of its products.
Our Mission → Good Quality – Reasonable Price – On Time Delivery
We continue to work with all our strengths to provide the best service to our business partners with our professional human resources, strong infrastructure and customer-oriented service approach.
Our product range consists of best quality aftermarket spare parts for combine harvesters such as John Deere, New Holland, Case, claas, Welger, KMC, Amadas, Gallignani, Kubota, Laverda, MTZ, Ford, Maschio, Goldoni, Howard, BCS; which are all the world’s leading brands in the agricultural machinery industry.
You can view our entire product range in detail in our Products page.


Bollywood actor Aamir Khan has been approached by Chhattisgarh State Agriculture to become the brand ambassador of Chhattisgarh to promote paddy production in the state.
"Film star Aamir Khan will be the brand ambassador of Chhattisgarh by March if everything goes well," said state agriculture minister Chandrashekhar Sahu to reporters.
"It would be like Amitabh Bachchan, who has been endorsing Gujarat tourism. Aamir will promote paddy production in Chhattisgarh, where the main occupation of the people is agriculture. A dialogue is underway with Aamir Khan and very soon he will take a final decision," Sahu added.
It remains to be seen if Aamir Khan will accept this offer.


In Peru, the official signing of Decree 003 on April 15, which permits the import of genetically modified (GM) seeds into the country, continues to generate debate between those in favor of the widespread use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and those who fear it would be harmful to the country's biodiversity and the health of its people.
Despite some experts expressing their approval of GM seeds by claiming that the resistance and characteristics of the seeds will generate less agricultural waste, others are casting doubt over the supposed harmlessness of food produced from GM crops and are warning the public of the high probability that pollen from GM crops will cross-pollinate with wild and native crops, thus causing irreversible alterations to the traditional plant and fruit species which constitute part of the cultural and natural wealth of local communities.
The popular Peruvian chef, Gastón Acurio, is convinced that GM foods pose a threat to Peruvian biodiversity. Acurio drew attention to the alleged economic interests of the lobby groups who campaigned for the approval of Decree 003, and is now asking for “Peruvian interests to be prioritized and not those of [a few] individuals”.
The issue prompted the resignation of the former Minister for Agriculture, Rafael Quevedo, after he was revealed as a senior executive of a company which uses GM produce, as is highlighted by journalist Jackie Fowks in her blog Notas desde Lenovo.
此事也促使前农业部长Rafael Quevedo辞职下台，记者Jackie Fowks在个人博客里指出，因为部长是一家使用基改农作物企业的高层人士。undefined
Although Quevedo denied this claim, he was a staunch advocate of cultivating genetically modified crops in Peru. Moreover, one of his advisors, Alexander Grobman, owned companies which marketed GM seeds and has also just been dismissed by the incumbent minister, Jorge Villasante.
尽管农业部长否认此事，但他确实在秘鲁大力鼓吹种植基改作物；此外，他的顾问Alexander Grobman也经营企业行销基改种籽，因此遭到现任部长Jorge Villasante撤职。
The Quechua culture is considered to be responsible for domesticating some 150 varieties of corn.


Valentina Passalaqua, Project Calcarius, Hellen Bianco, Puglia, Italy
Valentina Passalacqua grows indigenous grape varieties on the uncompromising limestone soils of the Gargano national park in Puglia, in the heal of Italy. After several years working the vineyards, alentina decided to isolate some of the plots which have exclusively Kimmeridgian calcareous soils and give very particular and delicious characteristics to the wines. We have three of the resulting Project Calcarius wines, a red, white and orange, all labelled with 20, the atomic number of calcium (Ca) and its atomic weight, 40.08. But you knew that. As with very many of our wines, the viticulture is organic and the winemaking wisely and considered non-interventionist. These wines all share a terroir driven, deliciously nervy, super-drinkable style.
Producer - Valentina Passalaqua
Country - Italy
Region - Puglia
Variety / Blend - Greco, Falanghina
Wine Style - White Wine
Farming - Organic / Biodynamic


In 1992, Yvan Beauregard made his debut as a representative for Pride Seeds. Therefore, Semences Beauregard was created in 2010 in order to better serve the growing clientele and thus expand. Several agents have been hired in order to face this challenge. Semences Beauregard has currently 12 experienced representatives. Yvan Beauregard, Sylvain Forcier and Tommy Côté have more than 20 years of service offering Pride Seeds products. 99% of our team cultivates their own agricultural land, which allows them to increase and personalize monitoring by testing corn hybrids, soybean varieties, cereals, fodder as well as green fertilizers. In fact, some of them even cover seed production for our suppliers.
To make sure we serve our customers effectively, we have a main warehouse located at La Presentation and five secondary warehouses located in St-Bonaventure, St-Valérien-de-Milton, St-Mathias-sur-Richelieu, St-Damase and Huntingdon. We have integrated two additional suppliers, Semican in 2018 and Secan in 2020, in order to follow the evolution of cultivation practices which requires good crop rotations to preserve the quality of the soils.
We work with experienced companies to provide superior quality products to our customers.


Vipitfarmicult (OPC) Private Limited has been registered in RoC-Pune under Company Registrar. The company name has been registered with the CIN number U01100PN2018OPC174931 and with Key Directors of • Vijay Gajanan Joshi Its Registered Address is Flat No.7-B, Shilpa Apartment 536 Shukrawar Peth Pune MH 411009 India. The Brand Name provides the services such as Growing of crops, Horticulture, Market Gardening which comes under and serves at Food, FMCG, Agriculture Industry.
Click to rate this post!
[Total: 0 Average: 0]
Company Name: Vipitfarmicult (OPC) Private Limited
Date of Incorporation
Vijay Gajanan Joshi, , , ,
Flat No.7-B, Shilpa Apartment 536 Shukrawar Peth Pune MH 411009 India


2 edition of Agricultural change, rural women and organizations found in the catalog.
Agricultural change, rural women and organizations
International Seminar on Agricultural Change and Rural Women (1986 Beijing)
by Asian and Pacific Development Centre in Kuala Lumpur
|Contributions||Asian and PacificDevelopment Centre., All-China Women"s Federation.|
Rural women form the backbone of the agricultural labour force across much of the developing world. Globally, in , more than a third of the female workforce was engaged in agriculture, while in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, more than 60 per cent of all female employment is in this sector. products. Therefore, understanding the role of rural women in agriculture is very important. Based on the results in Table (3) in big part the average iswomen activity in agricultural sector more than 50% and shows that is the status and role of rural women in agriculture more than the average level. As well as binomial test based on findings in.
Ghanaian agriculture is dominated by traditional smallholder farms, which typically cover fewer than two hectares, and farmers, including women and girls, are often among the rural poor and food-insecure. With few employment options available, many young men and women . Rural Women's Economic Empowerment. Welcome to the Rural Women's Economic Empowerment page! One of the major highlights of this space will be the sharing of experiences by practitioners working on the Joint Programme on “Accelerating Progress towards the Economic Empowerment of Rural Women,” a pilot programme jointly implemented by UN-Women, WFP, IFAD and FAO. Furthermore, .
A Case Study on Empowerment of Rural Women through Micro Entrepreneurship Development Dr. Sahab Singh1, organization and business problems as Women constitute 90% of total marginal workers of the country. Rural women who are engaged in agriculture form 78% of all women in . Master Thesis in Rural Development with Specialization in Livelihood and Natural Resource Management Climate change and farmers’ adaptation A case study of mixed - farming systems in the coastal area in Trieu Van commune, Trieu Phong district, Quang Tri province, Vietnam Le Thi Hong Phuong, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Viet NamFile Size: KB.
Marketing consumer goods in Italy.
Sociopolitical aspects of disabilities
The making of a woman.
College and university library buildings.
Europe and the world since 1914
Articles made and published by the king of France, touching the re-establishment and re-appeale of the Iesuits to their liberties in France
Exploring health occupations
An exposure of the continued misrepresentations by Richard Phillips Esq., (one of the editors of the Philosophical Magazine and Annals), in his attempt to vindicate himself from Dr. Reids first exposure of his misrepresentations in that journal
Paternity and the law of parentage in Massachusetts
Texas Terror: The Slave Insurrection Panic of 1860 and the Secession of the Lower South (Conflicting Worlds: New Dimensions of the American Civil War)
Victory or vested interest?
American college and its teachers.
characteristics and correlates of attitudes to science among English pupils in the middle years in secondary education.
On rural and agricultural feminization shows that this is not a general trend but mainly a sub-Saharan Africa phenomena, as well as observed in some sectors such as unskilled labour in the fruit, vegetable and cut-flower export sector.
This paper reaffirms that women make essential contributions to agriculture and rural enterprises -File Size: KB. Increasingly, rural women also migrate to find employment away from their areas of origin. Rural women engage in farm and off-farm activities to ensure their families' food security and to diversify income sources.
They contribute to family farming with their labour and knowledge of agricultural practices. Three out of every four poor people in developing countries live in rural areas, and most of them depend directly or indi- rectly on agriculture for their livelihoods. In many parts of the world, women are the main farmers or producers, but their roles remain largely unrecognized.
There’s a new book about rural women and it’s hot off the press. We are very pleased to announce the release of: Women in Agriculture: Professionalizing Rural Life in North America and Europe,edited by Linda M.
Ambrose and Joan M. Jensen and published by University of Iowa Press, Specifically, the goal is to assist poor rural women emerge from poverty by a) more effectively managing their own agricultural assets, including labour, knowledge and other assets, b) gain access to agricultural and natural resource management (NRM) technologies, services, inputs and markets, and c) have more effective inputs into decision making processes of agricultural and natural resource management organizations.
land, water and seeds by rural women who are involved in small-scale agriculture. Giving support to rural women is a way of breaking the vicious cycle that leads to rural poverty and to the expansion of slums in the cities, where the poor get Size: KB.
These organizations aim to boost producers agricultural activities in sustainable ways by improving access to market and credit, and to specifically, excluded groups such as youth and women, who most commonly are engaged in various entrepreneurial initiatives in the agricultural Size: 1MB.
Gender in agriculture sourcebook (English) Abstract. This sourcebook is a joint project of the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
Women-based organizations are a main beneficiary of this project, as the role of rural women tends to be marginalized outside of the household, even though women participate in all agriculture : Danielle Nierenberg. Danish Ester Boserup (18 May – 24 September ) was a Danish and French economist.
She studied economic and agricultural development, worked at the United Born: Ester Børgesen, 18 MayCopenhagen. APDC-ACWF International Seminar on Agricultural Change and Rural Women ( Beijing, China). Agricultural change, rural women, and organizations. Kuala Lumpur: Asian and Pacific Development Centre, (OCoLC) Material Type: Conference publication: Document Type: Book: All Authors / Contributors: Asian and Pacific Development Centre.
Rural women and agricultural extension in Turkey Abstract The aim of this study was to discuss the role and importance of education and extension services to rural women. Women play an integral part in agricultural production, as subsistence farmers, cash crop growers, food processors, and livestock owners, among other roles.
It follows that empowering women will impact the agricultural markets overall. Recently, many development organizationsFile Size: KB. The rural sociologist Emily Hoag made a place for women at the US Department of Agriculture as well as in agricultural research. Canadian rural reformer Madge Watt, British radio broadcaster Mabel Webb, and US ethnobotanists Mary Warren English and Frances Densmore developed new ways to share and preserve rural women’s : Linda M.
Ambrose, Joan M. Jensen. Similarly, more women began to engage in manufacturing as small or micro entrepreneurs. However, there are areas that women are still lacking, which is the marketing side. Women's participation should be promoted aggressively since this study has proven to be successful in raising the income of rural women in agricultural entrepreneurship.
1 agriculture and rural development In order to report efficiently on the objectives outlined in Chapter 3, they have been clustered into logical groupings and structured into, as outlined below.
Rural women play a catalytic role in the achievement of transformational economic, environmental and social change. On the International Day of #RuralWomen, [@UN Women] calls for action on the glaring inequality of women in the agricultural workforce and is developing programmes that empower rural women worldwide.
The “W+ Standard” project was awarded UNFCCC Momentum for Changeunder the women for results focus area. Learn More. WOCAN’s invests in building capacities and forums for women’s organizations which has enabled women farmers and professionals to obtain new resources to improve their livelihoods and well-being.
Rural women are key agents for achieving the transformational economic, environmental and social changes required for sustainable development. But limited access to credit, health care and education are among the many challenges they face, further aggravated by the global food and economic crises and climate change.
Rural sociology confronts a continuing crisis of identity because of its failure to develop a sociology of agriculture. Historically, despite an initial focus on agriculture, rural sociology. Sweden and the women of the country have demonstrated that environmental protection can be achieved through transitioning ideologies followed by institutional change.
United States. Women's involvement in environmental movements of the United States can be traced back to the early 20th century when women of upper and middle-class backgrounds became active in urban organizations .Women produce between 60 and 80 percent of food in developing countries — and yet they officially own only 2 percent of land worldwide, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization.
Historical inheritance laws and customs often prohibit or limit women’s direct control over land; even when women are able to own and lease land, they may not be able to secure loans or insurance to keep their .Producer organizations have become crucial actors to provide services to the rural poor, and women’s participation and leadership in producer organizations has become a focus of rural and agricultural development efforts.
This review paper aims to document the factors that hinder women’s participation in producer organizations.


It is well-known thatozone can be used in many applications such aspharmaceutical, chemical, municipal, sewage treatment and other industriesscopes. In addition to that, ozone can also be used in agriculture to killpests and bacteria adhered to plants and fruits. But what is the method used inagriculture?
1. Seed treatment: Inject the ozone gas into water and stir constantly, to ozonated water after 10 minutes. The seeds put into the ozonated water 15-20 minutes can kill the virus seed surface, bacteria and eggs;
2. Greenhouse pest control; Smoked shed disinfection. Inject the ozone gas in greenhouse10 days before planting combined with high temperature. The injecting time is not less than 2 hours;
3. Prevention pet diseases of seedbed. Seal seedbed firstly, injecting ozone every10 squaremeters for 1 minutes, with air tight fumigation for 10 minutes, then take ventilation 30 minutes;
Pest controlling after planting.
Inject ozone continuous per Mu(666 square meter) or 7-10 minutes, and then sealed fumigation for 15-20 minutes, then ventilationfor 30 minute; Injecting ozone for pest free green shed every5-7 days, continuous injecting 5 times; After each 2-3 injecting time, add 5minutes and finally to be 25 minutes; The fumigation time also increased 5-10minutes after each 2-3 injecting.
It has been proved by the experience, ozone is good effect to control the following diseases：Botrytis cinerea, leaf mold, early blight, late blight , cucumber downy mildew, blight and greenhouse whitefly, aphids, leaf miner. But there isno effect for greenhouse soil of diseases and pests, because the ozone gas into the soil is too low, the concentration is too low.


Food-processing, Phytosanitary and Veterinary industries
We have a wide public liability and property damage expertise that not only covers the animal and vegetable field, but food and human health as well. We are experts in analyzing the constraints applied to the industry every step of the way, from the agricultural field to the consumer’s plate : vegetable and animal production, food-processing industry, pharmaceutical and phytosanitary industry.
We ascertain the technical causes of the damages in order to help determine any liability incurred and to assist our customers in resolving their high-stakes issues. Several different fields of expertise are needed to identify accident-related pathologies : agronomy, vegetable physiology, vegetable and food products production and transformation, veterinary medicine, zootechny, diagnostic, food control and pharmacy.
We analyze the causes of the damages and suggest an appropriate plan of action to help our customers prevent future risks.
Main areas of expertise
- Vegetable production : sprouting defect, genetic anomaly, phytotoxicity, microbial contamination, mechanical dysfunction in horticulture or market gardening (greenhouse), consequences of inadequate advice ;
- Animal production and food : design and manufacturing of livestock food, livestock farming incident (restraining, milking, feeding or cooling devices), microbial contamination, mortality, heat stroke, suffocation, technical or veterinary monitoring and consequences of inadequate advice ;
- Food-processing industry : harvest, vegetables or animals collection, transformation, chemical or microbiological contamination, foreign body contamination.
Our experts have a deep knowledge of biological sciences. They are highly-trained professionals in vegetable and food products production and transformation. Several of them are veterinary physicians with a good command of zootechny, diagnostic, food control and pharmacy.


A CONEJO VALLEY CHARITY WINE & FOOD FESTIVAL
Navarro Vineyards was founded in 1973 by Ted Bennett and Deborah Cahn. In the early seventies, Ted and Deborah were searching for a perfect place to grow Gewürztraminer and settled on a 900 acre sheep ranch in the Anderson Valley. The ranch has a rugged terrain and climate similar to Alsace which promised that the grapes would ripen late in the growing season with tart acidity. During the last forty + years they have planted about 120 acres of grapes. As well as their beloved Gewürztraminer, Navarro grows estate Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Gris, Muscat Blanc and Sauvignon Blanc. Ted and Deborah have been joined by their grown children, Aaron and Sarah Cahn Bennett, who are actively involved in the family business. Click here to learn more.
Located in Thousand Oaks, Sunland Vintage Brands offers Giovinazzo Wines. What sets them apart from the others in Ventura County are the unique varietals they offer. Click here to learn more about Sunland Vintage Winery.
Cantara Cellars is a local winery and tasting room producing a broad selection of award-winning red and white wines. Located in Camarillo, their winery specializes in producing wines made from grapes grown in the Lodi Appellation in Northern California. Click here to learn more about Cantara Cellers.
Located in Ventura, California, Four Brix Winery specializes in internationally inspired wine blends. Visit the BrixHouse- it’s 1200 square feet and they invite guests to relax and stay; enjoy a tasting or maybe a glass or bottle of wine to share with friends. Click here to learn more about Brix Winery.
Ascension Cellars is a premium, boutique winery specializing in barrel-select, handcrafted Rhône and Bordeaux-style wines from Paso Robles, one of the premier growing regions on the Central Coast of California. Click here for more information.
Toucan Wines is our estate micro-winery and 3-1/2 acre vineyard project hidden in the Arroyo Grande Valley foothills. Here we've hand-crafted, estate grown, premium Zinfandel and Petite Sirah wines, as well as old vine Carignane grown in the Evangelho Vineyard. Click here for more information.
Established in 1994 and located along the coastal landscape of Paso Robles, California, Opolo Vineyards is home to 12 unique varietal and award-winning blends. The Opolo production team works together to provide the best quality product possible. Click here to learn more about Opolo.
Sawmill Mountain is a boutique vineyard, specializing in fine wines in limited quantities. The vineyard is family owned and part of a working horse ranch in Lake Hughes, California. Click here for more information.


Whether you are into farming, gardening or planning for landscape projects, it is very important o know the soil PH and how it is tested. This will help you know the problems that need to be addressed beforehand as it alerts you of any nutritional deficiencies of excesses. Though it is most commonly ignored, routine soil testing is n essential practice as it helps you to know the cation exchange capacity and correct it if required in order to grow healthy plants.
In order to know all that, you need a reliable soil testing kit that will be easy to use. So what must I look for in NPK soil testing kits?
Tips for Selecting a Soil Testing Kit
1. Size of the soil sample – Some testing kits use small soil samples while others use large soil samples. However, small samples may not produce very good results since it may contain some elements that may throw off the result either from the overall alkalinity or acidity.
2. Range for readings – When choosing a soil testing kit, choose one that has a wide range for the reading, preferably from 3.0 to 10.0 pH. With this, you are able to make more accurate readings.
3. Easy to use – Whether you are buying a soil testing kit for landscaping purposes or nutrient management, ensure that the kit is easy to use. You can also look at the manual to ensure that the fonts are large enough for easy reading.
4. Price – The price of the soil testing kit should also be considered when choosing a reliable kit.
5. Reviews – Another great tip for choosing a reliable soil testing kit is by looking at the customer reviews. Read about the experience of first hand buyers with the product to know if it is right for you.
Top 5 Best Soil Kits in 2016
With this tips in mind, you will be able to choose a reliable soil testing kit that will elevate you towards improving your projects success rate. Below are some of the most reliable soil testing kits with a reasonable price and do not require a lot of skill to use.
1. Luster Leaf 1601 Rapitest Soil Test Kit
It is an inexpensive and innovative soil testing kit that includes over 40 tests in total. It has color comparators, very easy to use, and delivers accurate results.
2. Luster Leaf 1820 Rapitest Soil Moisture Meter
This soil meter is optimized for testing the moisture content of soil thus great for determining when your plants need watering. What is good about it is that it doesn’t require batteries to work well on a variety of soils, and can monitor more than 150 plants.
3. Luster Leaf 1612 Rapitest pH Soil Tester
Despite not being able to determine the soil NPK level, this is still one of the best kits for determining the soil pH level. It is very easy to use, quick, and very accurate.
4. Luster Leaf 1609CS Rapitest Soil Tester
For those looking for a reliable, easy to use, and affordable PH and NPK soil testing kits then the Luster Leaf 1609CS Rapitest Soil Tester is the best choice.
5. Environmental Concepts 1662 Professional Soil Test Kit
If you are on a tight budget then this is one of the best soil test kit for you. Packaged in a durable and portable carrying case, it works quickly and has over 40 tests.


Eastern European farm workers are being flown to the UK on charter flights to pick fruit and vegetable crops.
Air Charter Service has told the Us that the first flight will land on Thursday in Stansted carrying 150 Romanian farm workers.
The firm told Us that the plane is the first of up to six set to operate between mid-April and the end of June.
Government department Defra said it was encouraging people across the UK “to help bring the harvest in”.
British farmers recently warned that crops could be left to rot in the field because of a shortage of seasonal workers from Eastern Europe. Travel restrictions due to the coronavirus lockdown have meant most workers have stayed at home.
Several UK growers have launched a recruitment drive, calling for local workers to join the harvest to prevent millions of tonnes of fruit and vegetables going to waste. However, concerns remain that they won’t be able to fulfil the demand on farms.
One of the UK’s biggest fresh food producers, G’s Fresh, based in Cambridgeshire, confirmed it chartered two out of the six flights carrying Eastern European farm workers from Romania.
Derek Wilkinson, managing director of G’s Fresh’s Sandfield Farms division, told Us that the 150 workers arriving at Stansted from eastern Romania on Thursday will be taken by bus to farms in East Anglia to pick lettuce.
The firm said the group will be screened on arrival in the UK, will be socially distanced, and anyone found to have a temperature will be quarantined.
Mr Wilkinson said his business needed 3,000 seasonal workers, with the greatest need in May at the start of the spring onion harvest, followed by the pea and bean crop in June.
He added that the company had had a good response to a recruitment campaign aimed at local workers. So far, 500 British people have registered their interest.
The Air Charter Service, a private firm, has already arranged flights for seasonal workers in other countries. It flew 1,000 farm workers to Germany from Bulgaria and Romania in recent weeks.
The workers will board in Iasi, eastern Romania, after having their temperatures taken and filling out a health questionnaire. The BBC understands that they will be taken from the airport by minibuses to farms in the South East and the Midlands.


New Zealand Cherry Corp. grew out of a 40 year friendship and partnership between Bob Robertson and Henry van der Velden and their families. It now owns the largest netted cherry orchard in New Zealand and has been involved in growing, picking and exporting cherries since 2005.
In the 2014/2015 cherry season the company’s owners, Henry van der Velden and Bob Robertson, commissioned a state-of-the-art pack house to fulfil their vision of becoming a totally integrated business from the field to the market place to help take their brands to the top of the premium quality cherry market.
The New Zealand Cherry Corp. team ensured all packing to export processes were in place to ensure quality management, traceability and food safety. A strong focus was placed on cool-chain, minimum fruit handling and rapid passage through the picking and packing process so that export to customers happened in the shortest possible time. New Zealand Cherry Corp. also achieved full GLOBAL G.A.P. accreditation.
In November 2014 Bob passed away unexpectedly but in line with Henry and Bob’s vision, the team took the New Zealand Cherry Corp. brands to the top of the market, exporting to most Asian countries and the US. Achieving this was no accident. Henry and Bob identified the best people, the best machinery, the best engineers, the best systems and the best partners. This has provided the foundation to ensure that New Zealand Cherry Corp. goes into the future as a leader in the New Zealand cherry industry.


The Dustbin Lid Meadow
What’s green, circular, covered in bees and “pings” if you flick it?
A dustbin lid meadow of course!
Wildflower Meadows are some of the best wildlife habitats we have , supporting countless bees, butterflies and many other insects, (not to mention mammals, reptiles and birds ) yet its estimated that we have lost over 95% of our wildflower rich meadows during the past 60 years or so. We rightly criticize the loss of ancient rainforests in far flung corners of the world yet we’ve somehow allowed our own vast “reservoirs of biodiversity” to be virtually ploughed and poisoned out of existence by modern farming practices. Fortunately, the last remaining remnants of our ancient meadows are now mostly protected and, in some instances, being extended, whilst new meadows are being created elsewhere. In our suburbs and towns, many ecologically aware gardeners have dug up their sterile , old lawns in order to create small meadows of their own. Others are simply allowing their existing lawns to grow a little longer and so enable the wildflowers( already in them) to rise up and blossom.
Whilst it wasn’t possible to reproduce large swathes of species rich grassland on my tiny little balcony (I wish!), I was certainly intrigued with the idea of creating a mixture of grass and nectar rich wildflowers which, at the very least, tried to capture something of the meadow’s colourful aesthetic as well as its ability to feed a range of invertebrates.
So, inspired by a redundant dustbin lid, ( leftover from a galvanised dustbin which I’d just converted into a planter), I set about creating a mini-meadow on my balcony.
The project was surprisingly straightforward and was achieved in a few simple steps:
Turning the lid upside down, I simply drilled a few small holes in to its centre, for drainage, which I then covered with a few bits of broken crockery to help prevent soil blocking up the newly drilled holes. I then sat the lid (still upside down of course) on top of a small galvanised metal plant-pot which I then sat on the balcony’s rail. Using strong galvanised wire, (obtainable from most garden centres and DIY shops), I secured it to my balcony’s outer rail. I then simply filled the lid with “peat free compost ” into which I’d mixed in some water retention granules (obtainable from most garden centres). Whilst I would usually add an organic fertiliser to my compost, in this instance I didn’t as meadows actually thrive on soil which has very poor fertility as this helps to prevent the grasses from out competing and smothering the wildflowers. Once the compost was in place I sowed a mixture of colourful cornfield annual seeds (for first year colour) as well as some traditional perennial wildflower seeds which I hoped would establish themselves in the longer term. I was very surprised and delighted with the results!
As anticipated, the cornfield annuals made a really colourful splash within a few months of being sown in to the dustbin lid. Blue cornflowers, crimson poppies ,yellow/white chamomiles, corn marigolds and lanky, purple corncockles all vied for the attention of foraging bees, hoverflies and beetles. These colourful annual wildflowers were once very common in our countryside, thanks to the age-old practice of ploughing cornfields annually, but are now very scarce due to modern farming practices which includes the liberal use of weedkillers.
Once the cornfield annuals had finished flowering and had started to die down, it was possible to see the emerging perennial wildflowers which I’d also sown at the same time. These included birds-foot-trefoil(a magnet for bees) as well as white and red campion and self-heal which all helped the meadow to buzz with bees and helped to attract many other insects, too. Aphids certainly seemed to enjoy the meadow flowers’ sappy stems who’s subsequent population boom attracted predators in the form of ladybirds and hoverflies who’s larvae then preyed on the aphids.
Although the dustbin lid meadow was created over 2 years ago, it’s still fascinating to see how it continues to develop and evolve over the seasons.
As expected, the cornfield annuals eventually stopped flowering as they need continually disturbed soil in order for their seeds to germinate. The perennial wildflowers, however, continued to thrive with birds-foot-trefoil becoming the dominant species but with other species, like ribwort plantain , beginning to emerge and flower within the meadow, too.
Of course, as the dustbin lid meadow continues to develop and evolve I’ll be certain to blog about its ongoing progress and the amazing range of wildlife it continues to attract and support.


It has been YEARS since I have really, really gardened and yesterday I did it. Oh my aching back but so worth it. I am still on the hunt for seed potatoes and hope to get some tomorrow to plant Saturday. Yesterday I planted onions sets, lettuce, spinach and peas. It was tedious and hard because the flowerbed I'm using is full of roots and our sprinkler system so I can't go real deep. I would LOVE (hint, hint, hint) to have a small tiller and be darned the sprinkler thingy but it is what it is. I think my eyes got the best of me with the Burpee catalog.
Oh my GOD, I look like my mother.


WELCOME TO DIG IT PROJECTS
'Learning Without Walls'
Multi-Award Winning Allotment-Style Gardens for Schools and Community Projects.
Ways we can help you:
- Create a low maintenance, safe place to play and learn
- Develop and increase knowledge through outdoor learning
- Bespoke designs to suit all locations, spaces and budgets
- Educate through our sustainable workshops and lesson plans
- Follow up maintenance services and SLA's designed to your unique needs
Growing the National Curriculum in 2014
The new National Curriculum for Primary schools has been published and as predicted, gardening continues to be a key theme, particularly in the early years. Learning outcomes for years 1 – 3 include:
- Identify and name a variety of common plants including garden plants and trees/ deciduous and evergreen.
- Identify and describe the basic structure of a variety of common flowering plants.
- Observe changes across the four seasons.
- Observe and describe how seeds and bulbs grow into mature plants.
- Find out and describe how plants need water, light and suitable temperature to grow and thrive.
- Identify that most living things live in habitats and micro-habitats.
- Identify and describe the functions of different flowering plants.
- Explore the requirements of plants for life and growth and how these vary.
- Explore the part flowers play in the life cycle of flowering plants.
Themes around planting and growing continue in years 4 to 6, after the seeds of interest have been planted.
Dig It Projects can help you with all you need to capture the imagination and enthusiasm of the pupils in your school/ nursery/ community group. From outdoor classrooms and bespoke planters to seeds and lesson plans, we can supply all you need to deliver thought-provoking, practical and interesting lessons. We can even help you source funding.
Call 01287 655430 or email email@example.com to discuss your requirements.
Richard and the team were very pleased to help DIY SOS transform the lives of a couple in Houghton le Spring. Volunteering their time and know-how for the week, Dig It Projects carried out the landscaping and gardening work.
We have created a prayer garden at St Augustine's RC Primary School in Coulby Newham. The garden is complete and awaiting the pupils return after the Easter break. Deputy-Head Helen Lickless said "I am delighted with the garden, it looks beautiful!"
If you would like to see more images from this project, please click here.


Ghana is the world's top producer of cocoa beans cocoa beans come from the theobroma cacao tree cocoa beans are the dried and fully fermented seeds of the theobroma cacao tree cocoa solids and cocoa butter are extracted from these seeds the cacao tree is indigenous to the americas, having. Cocoa, or cacao, beans grow on the cocoa plant and have been used since the 1800s to make chocolate cocoa is now grown in tropical regions around the world, but it originated in south and central america. Cocoa beans, find quality cocoa beans products, suppliers, exporters, manufacturers at alibabacom.
Growing cocoa beans since cocoa beans grow on trees, you might be thinking you want to plant a few in your yard unless you live in south america or somewhere else south of the equator, you won’t be able to. Product description cacao beans, best known as cocoa beans grows only in moist, warm and. How to make cocoa beans in minecraft this minecraft tutorial explains how to craft cocoa beans with screenshots and step-by-step instructions in minecraft, cocoa beans is an item that you can not make with a crafting table or furnace.
Even if you’re not a fan of chocolate itself, you’d have to agree that cocoa beans have given us one of the most widely-loved foods on the planet. The cocoa bean or simply cocoa (/ ˈ k oʊ k oʊ /), which is also called the cacao bean or cacao (/ k ə ˈ k aʊ /), is the dried and fully fermented seed of theobroma cacao, from which cocoa solids (a mixture of nonfat substances) and cocoa butter (the fat) can be extracted cocoa beans are the basis of the sweet food preparation called chocolate, and of such mesoamerican foods as tejate. You searched for: cocoabeans discover the unique items that cocoabeans creates at etsy, we pride ourselves on our global community of sellers each etsy seller helps contribute to a global marketplace of creative goods by supporting cocoabeans, you’re supporting a small business, and, in turn, etsy.
Most cocoa beans that you will encounter for chocolate making are fermented, but are not roasted yet the fermentation process does darken them up considerably and you may think they are already roasted, but the lack of an evenness in color and texture is the key to telling when they are unroasted. 1 a: powdered ground roasted cacao beans from which a portion of the fat has been removed b: a beverage prepared by heating cocoa with water or milk. Welcome to cocoa bean geneva geneva, illinois, has been home to cocoa bean since 2004 our beautiful desserts and mouth-watering pastries are made in-house from scratch, with the utmost attention to detail.
Processing cocoa beans ready for chocolate making involves six main steps: fermentation during fermentation the cocoa pulp clinging to the beans matures and turns into a liquid, which drains away and the true chocolate flavour starts to develop. The consumption of cocoa beans was restricted to the mayan society's elite, in the form of an unsweetened cocoa drink made from the ground beans the drink became popular among the aztec upper classes who usurped the cocoa beverage from the mayans and were the first to tax the beans the aztecs. Cocoa beans (chocolate beans) nutrition facts flavorful cocoa beans are another gift of mexicans to the world, just as vanilla beans, peppers, potatoes, tomatoesthe kernels (seeds) extracted from cocoa fruits (pods) are further processed to obtain the cocoa powder and cocoa butter, the two most important products that command premium prices in the commodity markets.
Cocoa beans are a primary color dye and food ingredient cocoa beans come from the cocoa pods which are found naturally in jungle biomesplacing a cocoa bean on the side of jungle wood will plant a new cocoa pod (the log does not need to be attached to a tree. 101 reviews of cocoa bean fine desserts the best little bakery in town as local genevans my family and i have been regular customers since day one and always use cocoa bean as our #1 destination for speciality cakes i recently started working. Cocoa: cocoa, highly concentrated powder made from chocolate liquor—a paste prepared from cocoa beans, the fruit of the cacao—and used in beverages and as a flavouring ingredient the cocoa bean is the seed of the cacao tree (theobroma cacao), a tropical plant indigenous to the equatorial regions of the.
Arriba nacional bean the highest graded, single source, arriba (also known as nacional) ecuadorian cocoa beans are one of the few fine aromatic beans in the world. Cacao beans, better known as cocoa beans, first appeared in the amazon basin, and grow only in moist, warm and shady climates cocoa beans are primarily grown in africa, asia and, central and south america. News & updates sign up to get the latest on sales, new releases and more.


Tea is an evergreen plant. An evergreen is a tree or plant that doesn't shed its leaves in the winter, but stays green all year. In tea whether the plant is under freely growing condition or under plucking, leaves shedding occur and it is related to the activity of the growing apices. In a freely growing tea shoot, only two consecutive flushes below the terminal bud of possess leaves until a new flush occurs. When a new flush occurs, irrespective of whether the new flush is leafy or cataphyllary, abscission of leaves from the lower most of the two flushes takes place. The leaves on the first flush of a shoot drop when the terminal bud grows for the third leafy or cataphyllary flush and this order of leaf abscission continues for the remaining flushes. For this reason a shoot becomes completely leafless when two cataphyllary flushes are produced on the top of a leafy flush. A cataphyllary flush is a flush produced by a shoot in which instead of normal leaves, cataphylls are unfolded. Thus, depending on the activity of the terminal bud, leaves on the shoot may or may not shed at a particular time of the year. This means that life span of leaves on freely growing shoots of tea is independent of chronological time but is determined by the activity of the growing apices.
In tea bushes under plucking, shoots arising from the pruned bush frame are tipped at a certain height to accelerate the growth of shoots from the lower leaf axils and subsequently the young tender shoots are plucked for manufacture of tea. These tipping and plucking operations releases the lower portions of the shoots from apical dominance. Absence of apical activity, therefore, prevents abscission of leaves and stimulates growth of axillary buds. However, the tipped shoots can retain their leaves for a maximum of 18 months.