In the southern Banat were built food processing capacities, adequate to manufactured quantities of goods. They are uniformly distributed in the area, so that the transportation cost are reduced to the lowest possible rate. All manufactured goods, except oil plants, are processed here, and the proximity of Belgrade, consumer center, significantly reduces the cost of implementation of the final product.
However, in recent years, relations are harmed between processing capacity and products of primary agricultural production. In spite of good potential, the productivity is low, and existing capacities are not used. Basic problems of food-processing industry are: insufficient accumulation of capital, lack of investment, narrowed market, on the one hand, and the unfinished privatization on the other hand (more than 50% of food-processing industry is privatized).
On the territory of South Banat, food-processing industry represented are:
- Corn-mill industry, which deals with the storage, grinding and peeling cereal, as well as the production of bread and pastry. In the region there are strong processing capacity. Existing corn-mill organization can place and processing over 300,000 tons of wheat, and only in the municipality of Pancevo the biggest processor can annually process 100,000 tons of wheat flour, which is over 7% of the total purchase of surplus in the territory of Serbia and Montenegro. Seed Center can finish over 2000 wagons of various seeds, and exports market surpluses.
- Processing of fruit and vegetables is represented in the municipality of Bela Crkva, Plandište, Vršac and Pancevo. Total capacity of cold-storages is around 30.000t of frozen fruits and vegetables.
- Processing of milk is very important to the region, and all diaries are in private ownership. The biggest diaries are in Pancevo and Vrsac, and they can process over 50 million liters of milk.
- Processing of meat: In butchery industry there is processed chicken, pork and beef meat, in all municipalities of the south Banat. The largest capacity slaughter of about 70.000t primary processing and processed meat is located in the municipalities of Pancevo, Alibunar and Plandište.
- Production of sugar is carried out in the existing sugar refinery in Kovačica and Kovin, which can process over 760,000 tons of sugar beet, with about 15,000 hectares of land, and to the normal digestion in annual campaign of beet processing, can produce over 110,000 tons of sugar.
- Production of confectioneries is located in the municipality of Vrsac. Factories that have a tradition of production of chocolate and candy represent industry Confectioneries. Production assortment represent the products based on cocoa, and candy, toffee, want, etc. There are also facilities for the production of biscuits and biscuits machines, as well as other related products.
- Production of beer in the brewery in Pancevo and Vrsac, with a very long tradition. Yearly, there is produced over 600,000 hectolitres of beer and about 100,000 hectolitres of non-alcoholic beverages.
- In the wine production in the South Banat especially distinguihes the viniculture in Vršac area, where the famous wine producers have got a total area of about 1,600 ha, of which 1,400 hectares of vineyards in the clan. Every year plantations are refreshed with the new 50-60 hectares. They have the largest wine cellar in the Balkans, with the capacity of over 4,000 wagons of wine, and for years now, they have a permanent transitional stock of 1,000 wagons of a high-quality white, rose wine and red wine. Given the long tradition of growing grapes and manufacturing wine, especially white, there are smaller tenants, and wine producers, with their own cellars, which are developing whole the time.
- Production of starch and starch derivatives is performed in the oldest factory in the Balkans, by wet processing of corn. Located in the northern part of Banat, near Pancevo, in the midst of rich corn fields, the factory processes high quality corn into the same high-quality products: native starch, modificates on the basis of dry starch, hydrolysis, dextrin, glue and byproducts - gluten, bran and germ. Capacity of processing is 200 t of corn per day.
- Production of animal feed is very important. Production in the factories can reach a level of over 100,000 tons of various concentrate. On the market are present famous factory concentrates feed from our region.


Our lawn care services include a complete five-step lawn pro program including fertilization, weed control and lawn insect management. We fertilize lawns and commercial properties in and around Sturgis, South Dakota, in the Northern Black Hills.
We also offer tree and shrub spraying for disease and insect control as well as fertilization. While we are fighting the Mountain Pine Beetle the most aggressively in the Black Hills both in South Dakota and Wyoming, our spray protects evergreen trees from the IPS beetle, as well.
Call today to get on our spring schedule – 605-578-1700!


Brussels Sprouts. The Brussels sprout is a member of the Gemmifera cultivar group of cabbages (Brassica oleracea), grown for its edible buds. It's time for Brussels sprouts to have their day in the sun. They been underrated and misunderstood for too long.
Ingredients of Brussels Sprouts
- Prepare 1 head of garlic, chopped.
- Prepare of Black pepper.
- Prepare of Dried oregano.
- It’s 1 pack of brussels sprouts.
- You need 1 of little salt.
We link to vendors to help you find relevant products. If you buy from one of our links, we may earn a commission. Brussels sprouts are a member of the cabbage family and an excellent source of nutrients. Here's how to plant, grow, and harvest Brussels sprouts in your garden!
Brussels Sprouts step by step
- Wash and cut the Brussels sprouts into halves. Boil for 10 mins.
- Heat pan and stir fry garlic then add Brussels sprouts, sprinkle black pepper, salt and dried oregano. Mix well then remove from pan.
My favorite classic Roasted Brussels Sprouts recipe! It's quick and easy side dish to make, naturally gluten-free and vegan and healthy, easy to customize with favorite seasonings or sauces. Rustle up tasty Brussels sprout dishes, like roasted Brussels sprouts and Brussels sprouts with bacon, with our top recipes for a very healthy, versatile veggie. Brussels sprouts are thought to have originated in Ancient Rome, though they gained their popularity (and name) in Brussels, Belgium. They're now widely popular in the U.


The FAO-Thiaroye Processing Technique (FTT-Thiaroye)
Print + Video
The FTT-Thiaroye is a technique drawn from the collaborative efforts between the FAO and the CNFTPA training institute in Senegal. Its development addresses the need to improve small-scale fish drying and smoking operations. The key to its adoption rests upon its benefits. Firstly, the FTT allows the marketing of better quality, safer products (notably with the absence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/PAHs), providing at the same time a higher yield and marginal post-harvest losses. Secondly, it reduces the wood or coal/fish ratio, but also its structure eases the use of agricultural by-products (corn, millet cobs, coconut shells, husks, etc.) and cooking gas as fuel. The environmental impact and the operating costs are thus lessened. And last but not least, the FTT reduces women fish processors drudgery, including a lower exposure to smoke and heat.
Between 2013 and 2015, I designed two 76-page user manuals in both French and English.
I also designed end edited 3 videos in both English and French.
- Video 1 – Overview of the FAO Thiaroye Processing Technique or FTT-Thiaroye – 17’49”
- Video 2 – What are the different parts of the FTT-Thiaroye and how to assemble them? – 13’05”
- Video 3 – How to use and maintain the FTT-Thiaroye for processing? – 17’50”
- Video 4 – La technique FAO Thiaroye de transformation FTT-Thiaroye – 17’53”
- Video 5 – Quels sont les différents éléments du FTT-Thiaroye et comment les assembler ? – 14’03”
- Video 6 – Modes d’utilisation du FTT-Thiaroye et entretien du matériel de transformation du poisson – 17’52”


In 2011, BBC will begin and complete construction on several very exciting development projects, including:
* St. John’s Village West Family Homes: BBC and PIRHL Developers will begin construction on St. John’s Village West Family Homes in Summer 2011. The project is comprised of forty new-construction single-family affordable homes on East 37th, 38th, and 39th Streets between Cedar and Central Avenues. Currently, staff is completing property acquisition, surveying and identifying building sites, and architecture approval.
* Urban Agriculture Innovation Zone: Seven acres of vacant land in the Kinsman neighborhood will be reutilized for urban farming. The Rid-All Green Partnership and Ohio University Extension program will establish one- and six-acre market gardens, respectively, in the spring. In the future, BBC will convert an additional nineteen acres for productive land re-uses such as bio-fuels, food production, phyto-remediation, water retention, and native plant nursery.
* Green City Growers’ Hydroponic Greenhouse: A vast area of vacant land in the Central neighborhood will soon become home to an expansive $20 million greenhouse powered by hydroponic technology to be situated at Grand and Ensign Avenues and Kinsman Road. Construction is set to begin in March 2011, and the first harvest of lettuce and herbs is anticipated in November of this year.
* East Central Townhomes: In an extensive green rehabilitation effort, BBC will bring a nearly a century-old rowhouse structure located at East 73rd Street and Central Avenue to its original splendor in 2011. Construction is anticipated to begin in the spring.
For more information, please click on the name of each project.
Stay tuned to our blog for updates on these and other exciting development projects being undertaken by BBC this year.


Dangerous gene-edited “Crispr” crops classified as GMO by EU – has all the U.S. biotech shills squirming like worms coated in pesticide
-by S.D. Wells
The GMO trolls at the New York Times are at it again, sowing “seeds of confusion” for the typical American consumer, who doesn’t even know what genetic engineering really means, much less gene editing “technology.” A recent European ruling has all the biotech shills throwing their usual temper tantrums, simply because gene editing has been tossed under the danger umbrella with the genetic modification (a.k.a. recombinant DNA mutation) of crops and produce, and rightly so.
GMO huckster Carl Zimmer wants all ignorant American consumers to keep sucking down those chemical pesticides, because he’s paid to convince everyone that anything unnatural and created in a laboratory is absolutely safe and amazing for the environment, plus human and animal health.
The difference between genetically modified crops and gene-edited crops is simple to understand, and they both pose major risks and unknown consequences to us all, but the Chem-Ag (chemical agriculture) industrial complex wants to keep it complicated, cloudy, and ultra-scientific sounding so everyone just takes their scripted word (lies purported by the industry) as the holy grail, pardon the pun.
Beware of foods that never spoil, like Crispr mushrooms, canola oil and BT corn
When you’re shopping for greens at the market, you actually want to buy the leaves that have tiny holes in them from insects chomping a little. That means they’re edible. Get it? If your produce looks super shiny, has no flaws whatsoever, and never molds, never turns brown, and no insects will touch it no matter how long you leave it out, don’t eat it. Seems like common sense, but the biotech trolls tell a much different story.
“We’ve been genetically engineering crops for thousands of years” – they decry. Lie.
“Genetic engineering of crops is the same thing as traditional crossbreeding.” Wrong.
“Removing gene sequences from a plant’s DNA is not genetic modification.” Lie.
“Inserting the genes from bacteria and animals into food is safe for humans to eat.” Wrong.
Genetically modified Bt corn dissolves the digestive tract of insects – so what does it do to human intestines?
Biotechnology companies bragged for years about killing corn rootworms by inserting toxic bacterial genes into the corn plant that dissolve the worm’s digestive tract. The Bt genes (Bacillus thuringiensis) make the GM corn plant poisonous to insects and animals, including humans. Not only did the biotech lie about “more yield for farmers” fall apart at the seams, but evolution has gotten the best of the whole technology, because the rootworm beetles are now becoming immune to the pesticide-ridden corn. So now, Bt corn technology is not only useless, but a threat to the environment, insects, farm animals and humans. Oh, but the “science is settled,” right?
Call it whatever you want – RNA interference, crop editing, genetic engineering, chemical agriculture, biotechnology, crop science, transgenics, Crispr, Bt, Roundup Ready – it all has to do with the mutation of our natural world and can yield unintended, horrific consequences. Many scientists believe dangerous and experimental Crispr technology is setting the stage for more cancer cases to explode across the country.
Anyone concerned about consuming food that contains foreign proteins, genetically modified organisms, toxic bacteria, and even viral components is wise to be asking questions and filtering these laboratory experiments from their regular consumption.
After all, cancer is the mutation of cells that multiply uncontrollably and attack the good cells, and that sounds much like genetically modified crops spreading into organic crop fields.


Fifty Years of Pear Breeding: An Overview of the Harrow (Ontario, Canada) Pear Breeding Program
The ‘Harrow’ (Ontario, Canada) pear breeding program was initiated in 1962 to develop fire blight resistant pear selections for the fresh and processing markets. Six cultivars have been introduced for commercial production in Canada, some of which have been protected and introduced in Europe. Several additional selections have been protected in Canada and will be introduced in the near future. Two cultivars have been protected, named and introduced to the European market. All selections and introductions have good to excellent resistance (but not immunity) to natural fire blight infections.
Hunter DM, Pinsonneault P, Kappel F, Quamme HA, Bonn WG, Layne REC. 1992. ‘Harrow Sweet’ pear. HortScience 27:1331-1334.
Hunter DM, Kappel F, Quamme HA, Bonn WG. 2002a. HortScience 37:224-226.
Hunter DM, Kappel F, Quamme HA, Bonn WG. 2002b. HortScience 37:227-229.
Hunter DM, Kappel F, Quamme HA, Bonn WG, Slingerland KC. 2009. ‘Harovin Sundown’ pear. HortScience 44:1461-1463.
Layne REC, Quamme HA. 1975. Pears. In: Janick J, Moore JN (Eds), Advances in Fruit Breeding. Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, IN, USA. 38-70.
Quamme HA, Spearman GA. 1983. ‘Harvest Queen’ and ‘Harrow Delight’ pear. HortScience 18: 770-772.
Van der Zwet T, Oitto WA, Brooks HA. 1970. Scoring system for rating severity of fire blight in pear. Plant Disease Reporter 54:835-839


Lake Houses for Sale in Hawaii
Find Lake Houses and Waterfront Land for Sale
Although not the country's largest agricultural state, Hawaii produces some 7 percent of the sugarcane harvested in the U.S. It also accounts for all of the coffee, papayas, and macadamia nuts commercially grown in the country.Lands of America has around 100,000 acres of Hawaii land for sale, totaling $2 billion in overall value. Of all the counties in Hawaii, Hawaii County has the most land for sale. Looking at data recently recorded through the Lands of America Comparable Sales program, the most land and rural property sales were also recorded in Hawaii County.


From preserving soil during construction to building walls for plants to grow up while materials and machinery are on site, the Royal Horticultural Society offers a number of suggestions for green-fingered self-builders. This article presents the four key considerations to take into account when constructing a self-sufficient garden.
Water is obviously essential for plant growth, so it pays to store and collect what you can. Plants need the most water in hot, dry and windy weather, which is usually when water companies are least able to meet demand.
Less than 3% of the annual water consumption of an average household is estimated to be from garden use, but at peak demand as much as 70% of water supplied may be used in gardens. This surge in demand can lead to water companies being forced to deplete groundwater and streams, which can cause serious environmental damage as well as raising the cost of water for consumers. Gardeners should therefore use mains water as sparingly as they can.
24,000 litres could be collected from the roof each year. However, most water falls in winter and would have to be stored for use in summer. There are about 18 weeks from May until September when plants’ needs exceed rainfall. At first, the shortfall is met from soil reserves, but these can peter out by July, leading to about six weeks when watering is needed. Even tiny gardens and patios can be used to collect and store rainwater, which may help the gardener get through hosepipe and sprinkler bans.
Rainwater can be collected from the roofs of homes, garages, greenhouses and other garden structures as long as they have gutters and a drain pipe.
Water butts are designed to collect water from either open or closed drain pipes. Closed drain pipes can be easily tapped into with a rain water diverter kit. Local councils and DIY stores are good places to purchase basic plastic water butts. It is easier to access the water if the butt has a tap at the base and sits on a stand, either ready-made or improvised with a pile of bricks. More expensive butts moulded to look like beehives or terracotta urns are an attractive option, as are recycled wooden barrels.
As climatic change models suggest an increasing proportion of rain will fall in winter, it may become cost effective to build-in rainwater storage when constructing new homes. This usually involves sinking a large tank somewhere in the garden, pumping water out for use in the garden or for domestic tasks such as flushing toilets. However, the more pumps and piping that is required, the greater the cost and carbon footprint of such schemes.
Good drainage is crucial for growing many garden plants. Installing drainage is a major undertaking, but on wet soils, it is one of the most helpful things a gardener can do to improve growing conditions.
Drainage is important for gardens, but not every garden will need it installed. If you are considering installing drainage, think about where the water will go. Ditches, streams or soakaways – deep holes filled with rubble that penetrate to porous rocks – are all suitable. Local byelaws usually prohibit adding drainage water from gardens to sewers or storm drains.
Where there is nowhere for water to go, consider growing in raised beds, or perhaps consider a bog-style garden. Installing drainage involves burying porous pipes at about 45cm deep. This is very disruptive and is difficult to accomplish when the soil is wet. The best time for this type of ground work is from late summer until early winter when ground conditions are usually driest.
Before going ahead and installing a drainage system, consider if normal cultivation methods might be all you need to improve drainage. This is often the case for old, established beds and borders that may have become compacted over time. In this case, consider digging the beds and adding organic matter.
Be sure to avoid cutting pipes and cables when trench digging. It can be difficult to lay pipes with sufficient enough fall for water to drain away. In this case consider installing electric pumps and float switches.
Another common problem is finding a place for water to go. It may be possible to work with neighbours or other local landowners to find an outfall for surplus water. It is rather anti-social to dump surplus water at the lower end of your property to flood neighbours gardens. However in some circumstances a seasonal pond or swale might be the solution.
Raise the bed
Raised beds are a great way of growing a wide range of plants, and are particularly popular for growing fruit and vegetables. They are a good way of boosting drainage and can be used to introduce a different soil type to your garden. Raised beds are also a useful way to garden if you have restricted mobility, as they reduce the need to bend.
You can grow almost any plants in raised beds. Although raised beds can be built at any time, most gardeners find it convenient to build them in winter, as long as the soil is not too wet or frozen. It’s also a good idea to create beds while machinery and materials for your build are still on site.
When building raised beds, the following points need to be considered:
• Plants in raised beds can suffer more quickly and more severely from drought due to improved drainage, so keep an eye on watering needs.
• Modern wood treatments do not contain potentially harmful heavy metals, so are safe to use. If in doubt, line the inside of the bed with polythene.
• New railway sleepers may contain creosote that should not be used where skin contact is a possibility. Creosote is thought to have dissipated from older sleepers, and these may be used without concern about skin contact.
Greenhouses are invaluable for creating a protected growing environment for tender plants and seedlings. However, there are many different kinds to choose from, so it is important to consider your growing requirements before buying one.
Growing under glass provides a protected environment ideal for raising seedlings, overwintering tender plants, growing crops such as tomatoes, or even cultivating plants that need protection year-round. Greenhouses allow the gardener to extend the growing season, sow plants earlier and provide the ideal place for rooting cuttings.
Ideally, greenhouses should be sited where they can receive uninterrupted sun throughout the day. Provide screening or shelter from cold northerly or easterly winds, which can keep temperatures low in spring and slow the growth of seedlings and young plants.
An east-west orientation will slightly extend light levels during winter. A north-south orientation for summer crops such as tomatoes, both sides receiving several hours’ sun from the east and the west. With this orientation, the end timbers will reduce the amount of sun reaching the house during the hottest midday period. Decide when you plan to use your greenhouse most, and orient it accordingly if you can.
Figs are large shrubs or small trees grown for their succulent fruit and beautiful architectural foliage. They thrive in the garden, in a container, in glasshouses or trained against a wall.
• Figs come from warm, Mediterranean climates and will thrive in a sunny and sheltered position with well-drained soil.
• Although figs can cope with dry conditions, drought can cause fruit to drop prematurely. Water plants regularly during the summer season, but do not give them too much or water them erratically while the fruit is ripening, as this may cause the fruit to split.
• Feed in early spring by spreading 70g of a balanced granular fertiliser over the ground, and cover with a thin layer of well-rotted manure. When the fruit appear, feed weekly with a high-potassium liquid plant food.
• Figs give the best quality and quantity of fruit when roots are restricted. For this reason they are well suited to container cultivation. Plant in a large, 30-38cm pot filled with gritty compost.
Apricots are delicious fruit, packed with juice and delicate flavours – those grown in the garden and eaten straight from the tree are tastier than anything bought in a shop. Given their exotic image, they are not the tender treasures you may imagine. Many modern cultivars have been bred to crop reliably in cooler climates. They can be grown as fans, bushes or pyramid trees - there are even dwarf varieties for a pot on the patio. Apricots are self-fertile and crop with a single tree.
• Cover apricot trees with horticultural fleece, or clear polythene supported by bamboo canes, to protect the blossom from frost. The fleece or polythene must not touch the flowers. Remove this during the day to allow sunlight and pollinating insects to reach the plant.
• Hand-pollination increases yields, over several days – ideally around noon on a dry, sunny day – using a soft artist’s brush or a cotton wool bud. Lightly mist the tree with water to ensure that the pollen sticks but so the flowers dry out before dark.
• Heavy crops should be thinned to about 8-10.5cm apart when the fruits are the size of hazelnuts. Start by removing mis-shapen fruit and those growing towards the wall.
• Water newly-planted trees frequently as they establish in their first spring and summer, and before the onset of drought, when mature trees may need watering too. This is particularly important when the fruit starts to swell.
• Feed with granular fertiliser such as Growmore at 70g per m² in late February.
• Mulch around the rooting area with a 5cm layer of well-rotted manure, in March and early April.


Useful Tools To Have Around The Farm When Doing Outside Work
No matter what time of year it is, there are always chores to be done around the farm. And while some tasks can be completed without any special tools, others definitely require a little help from your gear. From winter snow shoveling to summertime lawn care, check out this list of essential tools to make outside work a breeze.
A wheelbarrow is a must-have for those who work on the farm. Whether you are moving dirt, hauling hay, or collecting weeds, this stable and mobile bucket can transport just about anything! It’s wise to choose one that has both an ergonomically designed handle and two wheels in order to make pushing and turning easy on the body. Upgrading features such as adjustable handles and weatherproofed material can go a long way towards making chores more efficient and durable; after all, farming is not just a one-time job! Investing in the right tools ensures that you’re ready for anything the land throws your way.
Having a good, strong hose around the farm is an essential part of any outdoor job. They can be used to water your crops and plants, fill a pool or pond, wash down walls and decks; the list goes on and on. Investing in a quality hose that won’t easily twist or tangle while in use is well worth it – especially if you plan to use it for more than one task. Make sure to water-test the line every year and store it safely when not in use. Having a reliable hose around the farm will make outdoor work so much easier!
A UTV is one of the most useful tools you can have around the farm for a variety of tasks. With its easy maneuverability and off-road capability, it can tackle rough terrain and haul cargo with ease. Whether you need to traverse hillsides or carry large items, a UTV offers a great solution for farm work. And that’s not all! A UTV is remarkably versatile; it can be used for anything from spraying fields to providing transportation for family members. When selecting a UTV, make sure to consider factors such as size, engine power, and suspension. With one on hand, you’ll always be prepared to take on whatever unexpected tasks come up – because when it comes to handling chores out in the sticks, there’s no other tool like this four-wheeled dynamo.
If you’re looking to embrace more sustainable practices while working on your farm, one essential tool is a composter. Composting can turn organic materials, such as food scraps and yard waste, into nutrient-rich soil that can be used to fertilize gardens or other parts of your farm. This process comes with many long-term benefits for the land you’re living on, plus it reduces pollution, cuts down on waste in landfills, and keeps pests away. Making composting part of your routine will not only create a healthier environment for all living beings, but it’ll also help keep your farm clean and productive for years to come.
A pair of gloves
When it comes to farm work, there’s no underestimating the importance of a good pair of gloves. Not only do they help protect your hands from cuts, scrapes, and other minor wounds, they can also ensure that you’re able to get a better grip while handling tools. A quality pair of gloves is an essential item when doing work outside on the farm; without them you’d be putting your hands at unnecessary risk. From gardening and harvesting to haymaking and building fences – whatever the task, never skip dressing for the job with a reliable pair of gloves!
Finally, a tractor is another absolute essential for any farm! Whether you’re looking to plow a field, pull wagons and trailers, or muck out the barn, this versatile machine has you covered. It can even make light work of otherwise laborious tasks such as moving hay bales or pitching a mound of dirt. Investing in a tractor will pay dividends in the long run; you’ll never look back. It’s truly your best friend on the farm!
Having the right tools for farm work can make all the difference when it comes to efficiency and productivity. From a durable hose to a quality pair of gloves, these essentials will ensure that you’re always prepared for whatever tasks come up. Investing in a UTV or tractor is well worth it too; their versatility makes them ideal for tackling tough terrain and transporting cargo with ease. Finally, adding a composter into your routine will create healthier conditions on your land while also reducing pollution and waste. Ultimately, having the correct resources at hand can save time and energy – which are both precious commodities out in the sticks!
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Animal agriculture is environmentally unsustainable (for other non-environmental reasons for veganism, please go to the Central Florida Veg Fest Why Vegan? page).
From the widespread contamination of drinking water supplies in North Carolina by hog manure runoff (1) to the exponential deforestation of the Amazon rainforest due to cattle ranching in Brazil (2) to the rise of drug-resistant pathogens as the result of feeding antibiotics to chickens on American factory farms (3, 4) raising animals for their meat, milk, eggs and skin creates problematic consequences for public health, natural resource management, biodiversity conservation, and wilderness preservation.
When we eat and wear animals, we use more land, fuel, water, fertilizer, antibiotics, pesticides, and grain, than we do when we engage in any other agricultural practice (5, 6, 7, 8). The production of one quarter-pound hamburger requires 6.7 pounds of grain and forage, 52.8 gallons of water, 74.5 square feet of land, and 1,036 BTUs of fossil fuel (13). Producing meat, dairy, eggs, leather, wool, and so forth cycles finite resources through animals to achieve a net loss of resources.
The UN Commission on Sustainable Development reported that it takes up to 7,000 liters of water to produce 100 grams of beef in developing countries, while it takes just 550 liters of water to produce enough flour for one loaf of bread (9). Further, a global assessment of the water footprint of farm animal products was published in the academic journal Ecosystems in 2012 and it concluded that the water footprint of any animal product is larger than the water footprint of crop products with equivalent nutritional value (10). Twenty-nine percent of the total water footprint of the agricultural sector in the world is related to the production of animal products, with the average water footprint per calorie for beef found to be 20 times larger than for cereals and starchy roots, and the water footprint per gram of protein for milk, eggs and chicken meat found to be 1.5 times larger than for legumes, for example (11).
Similarly, limited energy resources are negatively impacted by the use of animals for food and fiber. In a study published by the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the average fossil energy input for all animal protein production was found to be more than 11 times greater than that for grain protein production (12).
In terms of land use, livestock now use 30 percent of the earth's entire land surface, including 33 percent of the global arable land used to produce feed for livestock (14). Further, animal consumption is a major driver of deforestation, with some 70 percent of former forests in the Amazon having been turned over to grazing.
With regards to global climate change, one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time, a 2013 report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations found that green house gas emissions from animal agriculture represent 14.5 percent of human-induced emissions (15). Feed production and processing, enteric fermentation, manure storage and processing, and transportation and processing of animals products account for these massively unique emission levels (16).
In addition to unsustainable resource consumption and contribution to global climate change, animal agriculture serves as a major source of air, water, and soil pollution (17, 18, 19). According to the EPA, "A single dairy cow produces about 120 pounds of wet manure per day, which is equivalent to the waste produced by 20-40 people" (20). Additionally, the EPA reports that the waste generated by animal agriculture has polluted over 35,000 miles of river in 22 states (21).
Ground soil is also degraded by nutrients and heavy metals present in animal feed which are inevitably excreted by livestock (22). When concentrated due to animal agriculture's unsustainable practices, zinc, copper, chromium, arsenic, cadmium and even lead, build up in the soil and reduce fertility, runoff into water, and end up in the human food supply (23).
Into our air, factory farms emit harmful gases and particles such as methane and hydrogen sulfide, which can contribute to air quality degradation and harm the health of those living or working nearby (24).
The size and level of industrialization of animal agriculture operations certainly contribute to the unsustainable resource consumption, pollution, and pathogenic impact of meat, dairy, leather, eggs, wool, and other animal products. However, regardless of scale and degree of mechanization, animal operations are inevitably relatively unsustainable. Even free-range, cage-free, pasture/grass-raised, organic, and local meat, eggs and dairy still require more land, water, fossil fuels, chemicals, and feed inputs and are more polluting than sustainable methods of agriculture such as organic vegetable and fruit production, permaculture, agroforestry, urban gardening, and hydroponics. A wide-array of factors go into determining the overall environmental sustainability of a product or process, and environmentally unsound practices are of course found in all types of agricultural production, not just that of animal products. But it is clear that acre for acre, pound for pound, and gallon for gallon, animal agriculture, regardless of its level of industrialization, location, or size, is relatively environmentally harmful and unsustainable relative to other types of comparable agriculture.
Environmentalists around the world and from diverse disciplines and backgrounds have expressed concern over the environmental impacts of using animals for food and fiber and made addressing such concern key component of their work. When asked why she is a vegetarian, the primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist, Jane Goodall said, "We now know that intensive meat eating, which is getting more common all around the world, is horribly damaging to the environment, as well as being terribly cruel" (26). Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., president of Waterkeeper Alliance and environmental lawyer, has said, "Corporations that now control the meat production industry are threatening public health" (27).
In addition to the environmentally-based reasons that inspire many to turn to vegan diets, many people choose to "go vegan" based on health and nutrition, compassion for animals, and concern for the rights and well being of laborers in animal agriculture and populations that have inequitable access to resources. Regardless of the reasons, a vegan diet serves many positive ends for the earth, humanity, and animals.
Ecology is a science of connectivity and interdependence and the environmental movement--of which Earth Day is a part--is a movement that has sought to remind humanity of our place within our interdependent biosphere. Perhaps one of the most down-to-earth articulations of Earth Day's power and promise comes from one of our most cosmologically-minded thinkers, the theoretical physicist, Nobel Laureate, and vegetarian, Albert Einstein: "A human being is part of a whole, called by us the 'Universe'--a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts, and feelings, as something separated from the rest--a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circles of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty" (28).
20 "Notes from Underground," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Fall 2001. (11/13/10)
21 Environmental Protection Agency & U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2002). Animal feeding operations unified strategies.
22 Li, Y., McCrory, D. F., Powell J. M., Saam H., & Jackson-Smith, D. (2005) A survey of selected heavy metal concentrations in Wisconsin dairy feeds. Journal of Dairy Science. 88(8), 2911-2922: Retrieved August 17, 2012
23 Food and Agriculture Organization, Livestock Information, Sector Analysis and Policy Branch, Animal Production and Health Division. (2002). Livestock policy brief 02: Pollution from industrialized livestock production. Retrieved August 17, 2012


According to a report released recently by the Global Report on Food Crises, Pakistan’s Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Sindh provinces are suffering from extreme food shortages.
In addition to an increase in food and fuel prices, drought circumstances, animal ailments, and unemployment concerns have all contributed to the increase in national food rates, according to Dawn.
Furthermore, many Pakistani livestock owners expressed their concerns about reduced crop and livestock production as a result of inaccessibility of pasture and water, difficulties in obtaining feed, and difficulty in obtaining veterinary services, all of which were accompanied by the prevalence of livestock diseases in the country.
Following a lack of rainfall in Baluchistan and Sindh, the newspaper stated that livestock and crop production had been drastically curtailed there. Furthermore, throughout the months of July and August, both Baluchistan and Sindh claimed that the drought had negatively impacted their livelihood incomes.
KP is dealing with a similar issue, as a result of insufficient rainfall, which has caused a continuous reduction in livestock and grain production in the province. While the situation in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is believed to be worse than in other parts of Pakistan, this is largely due to the conflict-ridden nature of the province, which is exacerbated by fodder shortages and a scarcity of potable water.
Meanwhile, Pakistan is believed to be among the top ten countries in the world when it comes to water scarcity, according to some estimates. A representative from the United Nations (UN) emphasized the causes of water scarcity, citing climate change, floods, and drought as the main culprits.


I have been brainstorming a lot about this post because I want it to be impactful. I’ve actually come up with a lot of other blog post ideas, but they just weren’t quite right for the collective! I was looking through all of the Climate Change Collective posts we have collectively written about. We have covered a lot of topics. So I was trying to think of something different, but something that is important in our everyday life. I have decided to write about the impact climate change has on food security and what we can and should do about it.
It reminded me that I have been passionate about food security, waste and growing our own for a long time. I remember watching a video on green beans grown in Kenya which the farmers were forced to throw out due to their faults. I remember thinking about how they are growing food for us in the UK, and having to throw away the imperfect vegetables when I’m sure they would happily eat them! Luckily since then (2016) we have moved on a bit and now imperfect vegetables are being sold.
I like to go to the supermarket and pick out the imperfect fruits or vegetables to ensure that they do not get wasted. I just think the whole ‘imperfect food’ thing is ridiculous. It doesn’t taste any different if there’s any change, it is often cheaper in supermarkets.
How will food security be affected by climate change?
Did you know that most people will face food security by 2050? (Met Office, n.d). We often think that it won’t affect us. But in 2020 the UK had a 40% reduction in wheat grown due to heavy rainfall and droughts (DEFRA, 2020). A lot of the factors affecting food security are interlinked, take a look below.
As a result of climate change, the temperatures are expected to increase. This can be detrimental and some crops may be unable to grow in hotter conditions. This is likely to happen in countries close to the equator or in tropical regions. It then has the additional impact of job loss. There may be a shift in which countries grow what crops as each country begins to shift in what is suitable to their climate.
An increase in sea temperature causes acid rain, and for hurricanes to be more frequent and intense.
Extreme weather events
Extreme weather coincides with temperature increases as this can impact the frequency and strength of extreme weather. As I wrote earlier, droughts and floods have already had an impact on the UK wheat production, and we are of a more northern latitude. Some rice paddy fields are maintained by river floods and rainfall during monsoon season. A drought would have a huge impact on our rice consumption.
Extreme weather events already damage and destroy a lot of places. But with the increased frequency and strength, countries may be less prepared and their defences may become weaker. An extreme weather event such as a hurricane damages places, which in turn will ruin crops and livestock.
The global population is expected to reach 9.8 billion in 2050 (United Nations, 2023)! The population is currently 8.1 billion people. With more people, there will be less food available.
Sea level rise
Sea level rise will cause some agricultural land to have higher salinity levels from seawater incursion. Excess salt levels cause crop failure. It would contaminate groundwater, so more energy would be used to desalinate it. Coastal areas are likely to be affected the most, with some areas disappearing completely. The higher sea level will have an impact on the strength of storm surges as well.
What can we do?
The lack of food is likely to increase the prices which have already increased lately! Hunger and increased prices cause conflict which leads to even more issues. So, we need to make some changes to try and reduce these impacts of food insecurity.
Support sustainable agriculture
Sustainable agriculture is the way forward to ensuring food security. Growing drought or flood-resistant crops can help mitigate climate change effects. Growing a variety of crops will mean that they aren’t all destroyed if an extreme weather event occurs.
Try and support farms that feed the local community, you could even volunteer!
Continue reading: The impact climate change has on food security and how to help.
Reduce food waste
A lot of food across the world is wasted because of poor storage. If there was a better storage system, less food would be wasted and more available for other people. We have become too focused on the perfection of food, and so food with flaws is wasted.
There are lots of ways to reduce your food waste, check out the blog post I wrote here.
Grow your own food
Growing your own food is a way to ensure food is on your plate, especially organic food! There are so many other benefits to growing your own including eating in season and reducing food miles. I have had homegrown vegetables for as long as I can remember, and last year I started to grow some of my own.
There are loads of vegetables you can grow. I would recommend starting with carrots which require little maintenance, just thin them out to grow bigger carrots. They take longer than you would expect to grow, but are very tasty and can get big! Another easy vegetable to grow is chard, my favourite is rainbow chard. I planted some in July and it is still going strong now.
I will be writing a blog post soon on more vegetables that are easy to grow!
Find my fruit and vegetable seasonal guides here:
- UK seasonal fruit and vegetables in Autumn
- UK seasonal fruit and vegetables in Winter
- UK seasonal fruit and vegetables in Spring
- UK seasonal fruit and vegetables in Summer
Go vegetarian or vegan
Animal agriculture uses 75% of farmland in the world (Poore and Nemeck, 2018). If the land was used for growing vegetables, there would be enough food. And even if not everyone became vegetarian or vegan, it would still reduce the amount of land needed. Realistically not everyone is going to go vegetarian or vegan, but we need to at least try to reduce our meat and dairy consumption. Soybeans are often grown for livestock feed for us to eat them. It would require a lot less time, money and resources if we ate the soybeans.
A few ideas:
- Make Monday’s meatless
- Incorporate a new vegetarian/vegan form of protein into your meals e.g. bean stew instead of beef stew
- Next time you are at Starbucks, order your drink with vegan milk. A dairy alternative is at no extra cost
Related post: 8 reasons to go vegetarian
Fairtrade farmers are supported with fair pay, and they use sustainable farming methods. The price is a bit higher, but it ensures that they have a good quality of life and some of the money gets reinvested in the local community.
You can read more in this blog post: Why you should choose Fairtrade products
This blog post is just an overview of the food security issue. Read a book or watch a documentary to learn more! And not just food security, but climate change in general. I know I’ve mentioned this book a lot, but The Future We Choose is my favourite climate book, and it is easy to read. It’s not jam-packed with scientific words and facts, but instead with doable actions.
About the Climate Change Collective
The Climate Change Collective came about through a conversation between Michelle (Boomer Eco Crusader) and Jamie (Jamie Ad Stories). We are a group of like-minded bloggers, concerned about climate change and wanting to make a difference. Each month, one member of the group writes a blog post associated with climate change. This month I am writing about food security. Previously I wrote about how climate change impacts animals. Read all of the posts here.
Were you aware of the impact that climate change has on food security? What will you be doing to help?


At the time of writing, company revenue stood at $90,000.
The Happy GardenerDirect sales company selling bulbs, tools, and other garden products.
Official Blog: http://eco-gardeners.com/
Press Releases: http://www.thehappygardener.info/index.php?getpage=700
Follow The Happy Gardener
About The Happy Gardener
The Happy Gardener was founded in 2003 in Ashland, Virginia by Annette Pelliccio. The company operates in the United States only. People can either purchase goods via the company’s online shop (registration required), or through their local distributor.
The Happy Gardener sells a variety of gardening-related products, such as garden tools, flower bulbs, fertilizers and plant foods. The company also offers demonstrations and undertakes community service projects.
The company encourages people to garden with the environment in mind. The business is ideal for distributors who have green fingers and a keen interest in gardening and the natural world. In order to join, people must download the THG Consultant kit and buy a start-up kit. The company also provides training, team meetings and monthly newsletters for new distributors so they can learn all about the business.
The company is a member of the Direct Selling Association. It is also a member of the Virginia Green Industry Council.
The Happy Gardener Products
The company has a number of product lines each focusing on a different part of gardening.
The company sells a variety of composters to make nutrient rich compost from kitchen scraps and leftovers, which can then be used to enhance results from the garden. The company also offers a free flyer which informs readers about how to compost properly.
The company supports the local economy by employing local artisans to create English Trough Planters. There are also Chiming Toadstools, created in the United Kingdom which chime in the wind. The Happy Gardener claims that this is a topseller.
Happy Naturals™ Organics
This range is completely organic, containing organic sea vegetables which the company claim is naturally rich in minerals that aid growth. The range includes an Indoor Foliar Feed which aids houseplants to bloom and shine, lawn fertilizers and products that tackle weeds.
This company does not have any reviews submitted yet.


This high mountain Oolong tea is one of the products that make us proud of. The smooth texture, the clear tea soup, the floral flavour and the beautiful shape just make this tea so appealing. We source this tea from a friend who is running a tea farm with his brother in Taiwan. The tea farm is located in Qingshan tea yard, Nantou city. Even though the mountain itself isn’t very high, they use eco-friendly way to cultivate tea and produce it. The farm has been only working on this tea for years. It’s their passion to keep the tea alive for their families, friends and themselves. This oolong tea is lightly fermented. The tea has a very gentle and floral small with a very fresh taste. The colour of tea liquor changes from light yellow to a agolden colour as you make it.


Composting is one of the most rewarding and fun activities you can take up after you decide to live a little greener. You know you need to reduce, reuse, and recycle and composting provides a way for you to take charge of the recycling aspect by overseeing that your food waste goes back into the “earth”. When you throw items in the curbside recycling bin you have no idea what ends up happening to them. With composting you see the benefits first hand. You are also making nutrient-rich soil for your garden plants and vegetables – a win/win situation for all. It’s really not hard to do either.
Easy Tips for Composting at Home
1. Prepare the bin/container – you can go out and buy a fancy compost bin (there are many to choose from at garden supply centers). You can also make your own out of wood remnants or discarded wood pallets (this is what I did). Or you can simply make a “heap” which is far more economical and will work just as well.
To make a simple compost bin you need four sides and a covering. You can use four similar sized pieces of wood, nailed together or you can use breeze blocks to make an enclosure for your waste. You’ll need to leave a removable area in the front so that you can scoop out the finished compost and also make it easier to turn. Wood tends to be the ideal material as it is completely eco-friendly, economical and far easier to put together than one using brick.
Tip: Check your local Craigslist ads and you may just find a few really nice compost bins being sold for a fraction of their original price.
2. Add drainage material – Once you have your “container” ready then line the bottom with biodegradable material that will help absorb the compost faster. You can use straw, twigs or newspaper.
3. Heat things up – In order for your waste to turn into compost, you need heat. You can do this by adding a thin layer of already mature organic soil (which you buy at the garden center or from another area of the garden) on top of the first layers of waste. This will help trap the heat in and your waste will compost faster.
4. Cover and Turn – Another way to keep the temperature high in your heap is by covering it up. You can use old potato sacks, pieces of cardboard, or a thick blanket. Your compost will take approximately three months or so to degrade. You can help things along by turning the heap once or twice a month. Simply uncover and using a large, thick stick or shovel simply “turn” the compost to distribute the heat.
5. Things you can compost – Shredded newspaper, uncooked vegetables and peelings, grass/lawn, old plants, hedge clippings, coffee grounds, teabags, eggshells, a Kombucha scoby, animal waste (chickens, dogs, cats), weeds, rotten fruit or fruit remains.
You will love taking charge of your waste in such a direct manner and seeing it return to the earth and make it a better, healthier place.
Do you compost? Do you have any handy tips you want to share?


Many do not know this but green grass starts from the root up. Soil has to be of the right mix and the right type in order to sprout a healthy looking lawn. Our lawn installation service will make sure that your Sod grass takes root and produces a rich strong green that you’ll be proud of throughout the year.
Because different homes have different types of soil it is often difficult or confusing to determine what type of lawn that your home needs. We like to help home owners avoid the risk of using the wrong type of lawn, a mistake that can cost them thousands. Our lawn assessment service will evaluate your overall landscape to see the best type of lawn or installation type best fits you. You can then hire us to install the lawn or take this information to shop around.
The grass all around your home might not be even leading to charred areas or difficulties when mowing your lawn. To resolve this our lawn leveling service can remove high spots, low spots and grade your soil to be nice and smooth before your grass is laid.


Scenario: Smart soil moisture sensor and Smart sprinkler controller will be connected to the Aeotec Hub. When the soil moisture sensor detects less moisture it will automatically start sprinklers through a smart sprinkler controller.
Please recommend me smart soil moisture sensor and smart sprinkler controller compatible with the Aeotec Hub for the United States.
I have looked into it and found a document about the spruce gen1 controller with SmartThings but couldn't find the product link.
Also, Aeotec hub says it supports the "Rachio" sprinkler controller but they don't have a soil moister sensor. And I don't know that it will work with the spruce moisture sensor.


Introduction to Soil Types:- The following information is all about soils and their types in India. <> 1 hectare is equal to 10,000 square meters. The following information is about Sapota Cultivation Project Report (Chiku) and Economics. Introduction to Polyhouse... Tractor Subsidy, Loan, Eligibility, Schemes, Application Process in India. Yield 3 to 5 pounds per 10-foot row. In 2006 it was 8.0 tonnes per hectare (3.2 tonnes per acre). These can be grown fairly well in the Northern part of the country i.e. Beans, Snap. Cinnamon leaf oil... A step by step guide for Guggul Cultivation, Planting: All our research and data on Crop Yields. Today, let us discuss the farming of prawn at home including the construction of prawn... Introduction: Layer poultry farming is for raising egg laying poultry birds for the use of commercial egg production. The leaves are broad, green without pigments. The trials were planted in 0.75 m wide … Yield 4 to 6 pounds per 10-foot row. All our research and data on Crop Yields. Most recommendations for a desired viable plant population require about 75 kilograms of seed per hectare. Mbele says that sugar bean plants start flowering and setting seedpods 60 to 70 days after planting, with seed development taking place at 80 to 90 days. Place fertilizer in the furrow and cover with 2 cm of soil before placing the seed on the soil. It... Vertical Hydroponic Farming Systems: Introduction of Cantaloupe: - Cantaloupe/Musk melon/Kharbooj is a popular fruit crop grown throughout India. The recommendation is one year of dry beans out of three to four years in a crop rotation system. Irrigation is done immediately right after sowing the seed, again on 3rd or 4th day and after once in a week. A pest is mainly defined as an organism that occurs where it is not wanted (weeds, mosses, and... Raspberry Cultivation Guide: <> If you are planning for growing olives, you must read the following Frequently Asked Questions... FAQ’s on Dates Farming / Frequently Asked Questions About Dates Farming: The Indian bean will be ready for harvesting after 2 to 3 months of sowing. Sugar cane yields are measured in tonnes per hectare. Today, let us talk about Kitchen Garden Tips. The yield gotten from beans farming in Nigeria can be as low as 0.2 tonnes per hectare while those who farm cowpea or beans the right way can get as high as 2 tonnes per hectare. Introduction of Hydroponics Farming:- What is Hydroponics farming? Hydroponic Fodder For Dairy, Goats, Poultry, Livestock . The combination of a high root yield and high sugar content will give the highest yield of sugar per hectare. You can use the table below, but seeds per pound can vary for different varieties within a bean class. Introduction to Boran Cattle Breed: Common Indian beans grow within a range of temperatures of 17.5-27°C requires a cold climatic condition. Rose apple is a tropical and... Introduction: Hello farmers, we are here today with an excellent information of Micro-irrigation project in Telangana, Subsidies of Micro-irrigation by state governament along with... Introduction: Hello rice farmers, here is the complete guide of how to grow Basmati Rice from seed along with popular Basmati Varities. Ethanol. Best yield ever on Soya Beans at 6100kgs per hectare. Growers are therefore normally paid a premium for achieving a high sugar content. endobj zSmall white beans (15–25 g/100 seeds), used mainly for canning purposes; 10 to 20 % of local production. Beans can be grown on the terrace, backyards, pots, greenhouse, polyhouse, shade net. Known as a “nutritional powerhouse,” dry bean is a human food high in protein, phosphorus, zinc, iron, vitamin B1 and fiber. Today, let us discuss the Pomegranate Farming Project Report/Cultivation Practices of Pomegranate. Usually, under fertile and good climatic conditions, Beans seeds take 8 to 12 days to germinate. As it has good demand in local markets, can be transported via trucks. He produces between four and five tons of sugar beans per hectare, and an average of six tons of butternuts per … zLarge white kidney beans (80–100 g/ 100 seeds); 5 to 10 % of local production. Dairy farming in one of... Hello gardeners and farmers, we would like to show the cost of cultivation of Snake gourd and Snake gourd cultivation income, yield and project... Aloe Vera Farming Project Report, Cost and Profit Analysis According to DEFRA, the average yield in 2007 was about 7.2 tonnes per hectare (2.9 tonnes per acre). <>>> Mainly Indian beans are used in daily vegetable cooking, animal fodder and for soil improvements as well. If you are going to plant date palms, you must be aware of Frequently Asked Questions... Agriculture Borewell Drilling Cost, Pump Price, and Pipe Cost, and Setup Guide Let us discuss today, the polyhouse subsidy, profit, cost, and economics. Growing Methi Leaves In Pots (Fenugreek): Pandamatenga, Chobe Enclave in and around the Okavango Delta. ALOE VERA is an evergreen perennial... Jersey Cow Dairy Project Report: Beans, Soy. Most of these improved varieties produce about 20 pods for each plant, which translate to about 25, 90 kg bags per acre. Introduction: Fenugreek/Methi (TrigonellaFoenum-Graecum) is an annual growing herbal plant, Fenugreek is... Introduction to pollinating vegetable gourds: Plants develop seeds through a process known as pollination and it is the transfer of pollen from the stamen... Introduction to vegetable planting chart India Let us discuss today the Cleft Grafting or Wedge Grafting. Raising fish is a form of aquaculture practice and is termed as Pisciculture. Green beans farming is a profitable business. This article details about beans and French beans farming in India. Many people are sending questions about Organic farming. I have demand of 2-3 Qnt french beans per day , kindly guide better source for procurement. Vigna unguiculata Black Eye Beans are a sub-species of cow peas. Last season he produced 15 tons of sugar beans and over 30 tons of butternuts, which he sold on the informal market in Nelspruit, Mpumalanga. Introduction of Wheat:- Wheat is the main cereal crop and mainly a rabi (winter) season crop in India. Materials and methods The cultivars evaluated included four small-white and twenty six red speckled sugar bean varieties. The following information is about Drumstick Farming Project Report (Moringa). endobj AKA Black-eyed Pea, Black-eyed Bean.. R26.00 Ex Tax: R26.00 You can use the table below, but seeds per pound can vary for different varieties within a bean class. What is Cinnamon leaf oil? GardeningPlaces.com gardening begins here "And his food was locusts and wild honey." Beans are easily grown from seeds in pots, on the terrace, backyard, balcony and indoors. Global average yield per hectare is 41 bushels per acre, while African producers produce less than half the yield at 19 bushels per acre (Figure 3). Red Kidney beans. Mulching is preferred to retain soil moisture and control weeds and soil erosion. Vegetables can be grown... How to grow Heirloom tomatoes from seeds - A Complete Guide Beans yield per hectare – Get the facts right The performance of the latest varieties of beans is very impressive. The plants are compact and medium spreading. Beans can be grown in a wide range of soils. Today, we are into Lemon Tree Pruning Methods and Training Methods. You should go to villages or farming sites or you can post your requirement at Kisan Classifieds. Keeping farm records is... Cleft Grafting Apart from this, beans are very sensitive to the night frost. Then you need to know few details... A step by step guide for Prawn farming at home We tried... Tomato Farming FAQ’s/ Frequently Asked Questions About Tomato Farming: Our World in Data. This was forecasted to increase to 1.7 metric tons per hectare in 2020. You have entered an incorrect email address! Today, we discuss the Sirohi goat breed profile information along with its weight chart, features and... How to get Poultry License in India: Are you planning to start poultry business of your own? They are more nutritionally comparable to other pod vegetables, being this reason they have very goodgood demandlocal markets. This indicates a plant population of 10,250 plants per acre, thus the average yield per plant is about 3.6 pounds. This is a 5-bag increase from the ordinary variety. The beans can grow up to a height of 3.5 meters. Spacing in sowing is 1m X 1m or 90 cm X 90 cm. Crops Suitable for Black Soil – A Full Guide. Introduction To Growing Green Peas in Containers The most important feature of an organic production system is its... Orpington Chicken Breed Information: Beans belong to Leguminaceae family and is an important vegetable crop cultivated throughout India for its green pod. The following information is about Dairy Farming FAQ. The long stems of this variety of beans enable it to produce more pods as compared to the normal bean varieties (bush bean). Read the article. This fruit is being used as desert fruit... Bamboo Rice Farming: The following Information is about Broiler Chicken Farming Project Report which includes management practices plus investments and returns of... Introduction to Sapota Cultivation Project Report: Sugar beans are popular with both subsistence and commercial farmers countrywide but many are not able to maximise their yield because of poor farming skills. Growers can estimate dry bean yields by determining the average number of plants per acre, the average number of pods per plant and the average number of seeds per pod. 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WHY CHOOSE COUNTRYSIDE ORGANICS?
Countryside Organics is a healthy food venture dealing in naturally grown free-range chicken delivering farm fresh chicken in Pakistan.
At Countryside Organics, we know that healthy meat means healthy you. Therefore, animal healthcare is our foremost preference. All our farm animals are 100% vegetarian fed and free-range to ensure you get natural chicken in its purest form. Getting your chicken from us means:
100% NATURAL AND PURE CHICKEN
Vegetarian fed chicken with no animal by-products
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We opt for natural farming methods keeping the chicken safe and healthy for you. Can’t believe it? Come and see for yourselves. The Countryside Organics farm is 24x7 open for visitors so that you can learn where your food is coming from.
Here at Countryside Organics, health comes first. Our natural farming methods ensure that the chicken comes fresh from the farm to your table in its healthiest and safest form.
Our chicken box gets you the healthy proteins you need to keep fit and steady. We let the chicken grow their natural way and eat strictly vegetarian before they make it to the slaughterhouses so that you get the best value products.
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Their Organic chicken is very healthy and delicious in taste. Their team is very dedicated and efficient. They value a lot to the feedback of their customers. I will highly recommend that everyone must give a try to this organic chicken and will feel the difference!Shazia Khanum
I have personally visited their farm. Masha Allah everything was really good. I must say I'm really impressed. Staff was very friendly. Chicken were really healthy, free range chickens, good breeds, Organic feed, they really know what they r doing. Good job. Keep up the good work 🙂Muhammad Wasif Malik
I received my order of broiler chicken n desi eggs yesterday. though the order was bit late but the quantity n quality both were good according to price if it is really bred with organic food. can't say right now about the health effects but satisfied with delivery. there was no hassle to find for it in the market n I got it right at my doorstep.Amna Shabbir
This ain't golden. it's actual desi chicken which rocks!!! lucky to have found them. First-order this week was great hope they can maintain the quality. Will keep updating this review as the orders keep coming in. we upgraded our order from three to five chickens every week!Yuri Yuralis
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The Secretary General of Agriculture, Livestock and Food, Vicente Pérez, has presented in Lora del Río (Sevilla) the production capacity of 2021-2022 of these crops, highlighting that it will be a medium-high campaign in terms of the volume produced.By provinces, these forecasts estimate that more than 234 will be collected in Almería.000 tons;In Cádiz, 61 will be exceeded.200 tons;In Córdoba, 364 will be touched.000 tons;And in Granada they will approach at 10.700 tons.For its part, Huelva's production will exceed 612.000 tons;Malaga's, 167.000 tons;And that of Seville will be greater than 952.200 tons.
Citrus capacity 2021-2022 prepared by the Andalusian Government also collects data related to surface, which will be around 86.900 hectares adding the orange surface (58.500 hectares), mandarin (almost 20.400 hectares), lemon (6.700 hectares) and other citrus (1.300 hectares);as well as job -related information.The forecasts point out that the total workforce for this present campaign will be around 7.8 million wages, of which 5 million would correspond to production work and 2.8 million with works related to vegetable power plants.The collection of the fruits would occupy around 57% of the wages dedicated to production work.
During his speech, Vicente Pérez recalled the importance of “collecting fruit at its optimal maturation point” in order to “avoid bringing products that may negatively affect the trend of increase in consumption that is being recorded in recenttime".In this regard, the Secretary General has explained that the per capita consumption of citrus fruits in 2020Health (WHO) related to vitamin C consumption for its health benefits and its possible contribution to the fight against COVID-19 virus.
The elaboration of the capacity of citrus of the Andalusian government is carried out from the visit and analysis of more than a thousand plots that gather an area of 3.850 hectares.In addition, technicians take into consideration the statements of the Common Agricultural Policy (PAC) to establish the extension that corresponds to each of the varieties.
Data by products and exports in terms of the production of different species, especially sweet oranges, which concentrate 70.5% of production (1.692.600 tons) Despite registering a slight decrease (-1.3%) compared to 2020-2021.This crop is followed by mandarins, which suppose 23.2% (556.550 tons) by increasing 19% with respect to the previous campaign;And the lemons, which descend 5.5% and will touch 111.800 tons (4.7% of total production).In addition to these fruits, the capacity also contemplates data related to grapefruit (30.789 tons) and other citrus (9.520 tons).
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Thus, the Board forecasts also collect that the Andalusian production of oranges will involve, according to provisional data, 48.2% of the national total.This percentage would be at 26.7% in the case of tangerines and in 11.1% for lemons.
The value of Citrus exports of Andalusia maintains an ascending trend and highlights Germany as the main country of destination of international sales of these Andalusian fruits by concentrating 26% of the total.This foreign market is followed by France (19%) and Portugal (11%).
Plant health relationship with cultivation health, Vicente Pérez explained that the Ministry of Agriculture has made a total of 1 in 2020.470 performances at 204 control points within the framework of the Andalusian Plan of Phytosanitary Surveillance in citrus fruits for the early detection of Cotonet of Les Valls (Delotococcus Aberiae).To these works have joined another 1.028 performances at 171 control points developed between January 1 and September 1, 2021.In none of these almost 2.500 actions This harmful organism has been detected.
On the other hand, the Secretary General recalled that the Andalusian Government has sent informative notes to all the manipulation plants of citrus and qua of the Autonomous Comunda to communicate the obligation to apply the prophylaxis measures that appear in the contingency plan and,,especially in relation to packaging, boxes or packaging used for the distribution of fruits that are received from infected areas.As Pérez recalled, these elements "must be of one use and subsequently destroyed to avoid the dispersion of the plague, or be conveniently disinfected with water, soap and bleach in the central itself before any subsequent use".
To this work that the Ministry of Agriculture has focused directly towards the producers, the Andalusian government makes a continuous dissemination of information on social networks related to this and other pests that could affect Andalusia crops with the aim of helping the awareness of the awareness ofThe whole sector.


School Feeding Program With small donations from several individual donors, AVFP initiated a School Feeding Project (Also known to most as “Free Lunch Program”) at Amilo Primary School. This program currently benefits between 350-400 students (averaging between ages 6-15). Each child in the program is entitled to a hot lunch a day. The food being served at lunchtime ranges from beans and grain, to locally grown vegetables made especially to help meet the dietary needs of malnourished children. These nutritional benefits also serve educational goals of increasing students' academic performance and attendance. The monthly cost of feeding is KShs. 50,400 or ($720 USD) but can fluctuate according to supply and demand of the planting and harvesting seasons.
For many poor students, the food they eat at school is the most nutrition they will get all day. The immediate objectives of the school feeding program are to:
•Increase consistent attendance of children, particularly for girls
•Improve children’s learning capacity to concentrate and assimilate information by relieving short-term hunger
•Support the introduction of school farms and gardens


2020 Farm Share/CSA Program
June - November, 2020
Become a Member of our 2020 CSA Now!
MONDAYS and WEDNESDAYS are sold out! Space still available for Tuesday Delivery or Friday pickup.
Our Farm Share provides you with 20 weeks of vegetables, fruits, flowers, and herbs from our farm in Middletown. You also receive weekly emails with farm news and recipes making the most of your share.
What's in your share?
Each week will vary depending on the time of the season.
Here are a few examples each month from our 2019 season:


You drink coffee as a pick-me-up, right? But it also has many potential health benefits. For this, you should have coffee at its best. So, learn how to choose good coffee beans.
First, there is an issue of sourcing. For example, do you know where your coffee comes from?
Second, it is about roasting. You should know that during the roasting process, beans are losing their protective antioxidants and polyphenols. Well, if you are using conventional coffee from your grocery store, you might not get all its benefits.
Third, your cup of java might contain mycotoxins. And especially it is relevant in low quality coffee. Also, are you drinking a single-origin coffee or a blend? And lastly, what is the difference between all beans’ certifications, and should you care?
Well, in this post, I review different aspects of why not all coffee made equal.
In short, how can you enjoy a morning java cup and get the most benefits? And how to choose good coffee beans?
Let’s get busy.
1. Coffee Sourcing
Have you ever been disappointed with your coffee? I have!
I will cover some issues of coffee sourcing and why it is so critical for its quality, nutritional value, and taste.
Grown at High Altitude
For starters, you should know about Arabica vs Robusta. Click here for more information.
As can be seen, Arabica beans are grown at high altitudes. For example, some best Arabicas are grown at an altitude of 5,500ft. This level of elevation with its cooler temperature has numerous benefits:
- slower development of beans
- absorption of more nutrients
- a higher number of oxidants
- superior taste
Coffee Beans: Why Shade Grown?
It is critical that top-quality coffee is shade-grown. Here, coffee cherries are ripening under the shade of a sun-filtering canopy. It works as additional protection for beans besides cooler temperatures. So, crops have a double shield.
But the trees that shade coffee plants are not just an ‘umbrella’ protecting crops. They enrich the soil through leaves decomposition. In turn, it adds to the bean’s nutrition. Also, it assures that beans have better characteristics than other crops.
Single Origin vs. Multi Origin
The next critical point is about single vs. multi-origin coffee. Well, what’s the difference?
Single-origin comes only from one area and a single farm. Therefore, coffee is not mixed with beans of other locations or strains which might be low quality.
As a result, it guarantees that beans are only from a specific batch. Also, it’s the same processing and roasting for each bean. Besides, you have higher odds that there are no harmful chemicals or mycotoxins from other beans.
Lastly, single-origin beans will give you top quality and better flavor.
TAKEAWAY: The best Arabica is the high altitude and shade-grown, as well as a single-origin.
2. Do Beans Need to Be Organic?
Another crucial point on how to choose good coffee beans is about coffee nutrients. And if you enjoy it, shouldn’t it be the best one?
Well, one way to assure coffee quality is its certifications. Below are the most known:
- USDA-Certified Organic
- Fair-Trade Certified
- Rainforest Alliance Certified
- Certified Paleo
- Kosher Certified
Organic Arabica Coffee
If your coffee is organic, you can rest assured that it was grown without synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. Also, it has no artificial flavors, colors or preservatives.
Overall, the organic label guarantees a higher quality of beans. And it’s particularly important if you want nutrient-dense coffee.
Additionally, organic means that soil is harvested according to natural cycles. It has enough time to “breath” and “recover.” Besides, farmers don’t use any GMO—genetically modified organisms.
Well, are you a coffee lover and a health-oriented person? You can be both as long as you know how to choose good coffee beans. And organic Arabica is the best option for you. Click image below.
If not organic, what should you do?
Well, you would want a Fair-Trade logo on your coffee bag. It means that farmers grow coffee environmentally friendly. It assures that there are lesser pesticides, chemicals or other harmful compounds.
Also, farmers grow crops in different fields of the area and get them rotated. This guarantees that while one field is “busy,” another one is “resting.” So, it prevents soil from depletion and makes it more nutrient-dense. As a result, it assures a higher quality of your favorite drink.
TAKEAWAY: To assure your coffee is top-quality, rich in nutrients and has no pesticides and preservatives, stick with organic or fair-trade labels. Don’t compromise!
3. Coffee Bean Roasting Process
Another important characteristic of coffee is roasting. It turns raw beans into the brown one you use for your morning cup of joe.
The perfect roasting can give coffee superb characteristics:
- rich and smooth taste
- unique aroma
- deliciously-lingering aftertaste
So, how does the roasting process work?
The Process of Roasting
First, roasting involves the processing of beans under high temperatures. As a result, it causes chemical changes in a bean. Also, it changes coffee density, smell and how it feels to a bite. During roasting, beans gradually change colors from light beige to dark brown.
Besides, coffee is losing its weight because moisture is slowly removed out of the bean. So, the darker the beans, the lighter they are and less dense. As a result, you will get more beans by count.
Additionally, during roasting, you might see the oil showing up of a surface of beans.
What Is a Roasted Coffee Bean
Roasting opens the flavor and aroma out of the green coffee bean. They have nothing to do with what you have in your cup. (1)
In contrast to a raw bean, the roasted bean has a coffee aroma as you know it. Also, it is crunchy and between light to dark brown color.
→ Click here to get top-quality roasted coffee beans.
TAKEAWAY: The smooth taste and wonderful aroma of coffee can only come from the perfect roasting. It opens in beans all their characteristics and gives them a unique identity.
4. Coffee Roasting Methods
The two most known roasting methods are drum and air-roasting. What’s the difference?
First, drum roast is the most common and economical method of roasting. Beans are placed on a large rotating drum, and mechanical arm periodically stirs the beans. (2)
But with drum roasting, it might be either too much heat or high speed of the drum. As a result, beans can get the desired color at different times. Therefore, you can get an uneven roast. (3)
Another big issue with drum roast is that most chaff stays and mixed with beans. Also, it can start “smoking” and affects the coffee taste. It also gives your cup a “burnt” flavor.
Besides, it is critical to know that the longer the roasting process, the more nutrients bean will lose. On average, it takes between 15 to 20 minutes to roast raw beans using the drum roasting method.
What Is Air Roasting Coffee?
Compared with the drum roast, air roasting produces the same result in half time. Why?
Air roasting works like a popcorn machine. Beans move inside the roasting chamber with hot air. It is transferred with high effectiveness and assures precise temperature. As a result, it removes moisture out of beans with great precision and produces an even roast. (4)
Next, during the air roasting, chaff comes off the bean and is “sucked” into the chaff collector. So, nothing “bad” is left in the chamber affecting the content and quality of beans. (5) Remember this when next time you taste “burnt” coffee.
In general, air roasting is not widely used. It is more expensive because it handles smaller batch sizes.
TAKEAWAY: Compared drum and air roast, the most critical are roasting temperature, time, control of the roasting process and potential contaminants.
5. Different Coffee Roasts
Overall, there are four different coffee roast categories:
First, I’m going to let you in on a big secret. In the eyes of many, the darker the roast, the higher the content of the caffeine, right? However, it is not correct. It all depends on how you measure beans—by volume or bean count. So, don’t worry about the caffeine comparing different coffee roasts.
Another critical point is that during roasting, beans might lose a good portion of its nutrients and antioxidants. Also, the taste directly depends on the roasting type.
Obviously, the perfect roast is a personal choice. For this reason, let’s answer the question, “What the heck is different coffee roasts?”
Dark Roast Coffee
First, it takes longer to get dark roasted beans. Unfortunately, they are often over roasted or even burnt.
Also, when you looked at coffee bags in the store, how would you describe the dark roasted beans? Well, visually they are dark brown color with shine and almost oily cover. Besides, dark roast is bitter than any other.
Another invaluable insight that most people don’t know is about coffee acidity. The darker the roast, the less acidic it is.
So, if you like the dark roast, stick with the highest quality premium beans.
Light vs Dark Roast Coffee
It’s been always a strong debate about light vs. dark roast. Which one do you prefer?
The light roast has a light brown color and no shine. It is favorite by coffee-lovers who prefer a mild taste. Also, the difference between light and dark roast coffee is its potency. The lighter the color, the stronger the coffee. But don’t confuse it with bitterness.
TAKEAWAY: Type of roast is a personal choice. If you love a dark roast, choose the best quality to avoid a burnt taste.
So, ripping all coffee benefits is easier than you think. Just know how to choose good coffee beans. With this, your morning cup of joe will never be the same.
In summary, remember that the perfect beans are:
- Organic or Fair-Trade
- 100% Arabica Single Origin
- High altitude and shade-grown
- Roasted to perfection
Get the best Arabica coffee beans.
All the above will guarantee the rich taste, amazing aroma and fantastic overall experience. Also, don’t forget that the higher the quality of beans, the more nutrients they have.
So, get smart about your coffee and turn it into a source of health and wellness. Coffee at its best – now you know how to choose good coffee beans.
I invite you to enlighten us with your thoughts. Leave them below.
Founder of Detox Generation
Disclosure: The views and opinions expressed on this site are solely those of the author. All content, including text, images, and other formats, is for information purposes only. The author is not a medical professional, dietitian, or integrative treatment specialist. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health specialists with any questions you
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Boring but essential, I spent quite some time this afternoon weeding my onions - they were looking a bit neglected. I was joined by the female blackbird who is nesting in our front hedge. She seemed quite happy, just inches away from me while I worked. After removing all the weeds, I watered and mulched them with homemade compost, so now they look much better.
I planted these as sets last Autumn as that gave me a fantastic harvest last year. However, this year they don't seem to be doing quite so well and I'm not quite sure why. I think some may have been dug up by cats and some may have rotted as the winter was so wet. When I planted them I had quite a few left over. I couldn't quite bring myself to throw them away, so I very generously free-cycled them. On reflection, I should have planted them in pots to grow on and fill the holes. Maybe next year...
The other job was earthing up the potatoes. I used more of my homemade compost, combined with some of the top soil which I'm still using up.
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Asked the host at a local happy hour event I was attending. This question was enough to send me into a mini tailspin of panic. What have we done so far? And has it been enough?
As I share this adventure we’re on with others, I get all sorts of questions. Some, like the question above, are out of excitement and genuine interest. While other questions are asked with an undertone of “are you sure you know what you’re doing?” which in response I assure them, “I have absolutely no idea what we’re doing.”
In either case, I appreciate the interest and the opportunity to tell people about this adventure. But holy crap am I scared.
Paralyzed by indecision – what we haven’t done so far
- A name – we still haven’t picked a name. Turns out it’s super hard. Plus, pretty much this whole shebang hinges on a name. You know, important stuff like a website, an LLC, a business checking account, marketing, and this very important thing called branding.
- Tools – a UTV, ATV, walk-behind tractor, truck, plow, riding lawn mower. Do we need it all?
- Infrastructure – a hoop house, green house, wash house, propagation house, chicken house, walk-in cooler, fencing, water, garden plot. What do we start with and where do we put it?
Seriously! How’s a person supposed to know which to get, how much to spend, and when to get it? That’s the thing. We don’t know. And we don’t know anyone who can tell us. So, at some point very soon, we’re just going to have to take a leap and make a decision.
Building momentum – what we have done so far
- Bought seeds – see the complete seed list here: Seed plots & schedule – Seed order
- Got nearly all of our smaller garden tools
- Started four flats of micro greens
- Cleaned out our entire back shed to be used as either a propagation house or wash house or both
- Measured and remeasured and then measured again about two more times where the garden will go (the sun is our biggest determinant and as the days get longer it keeps changing direction, meaning what once had sun has shade and vice versa)
- Started lots of spreadsheets for seed plots and harvest time tables, etc.
- Research, lots of research
So, have we done enough at this point? Probably not, but we’re learning. And through that, we’re also learning to have patience with ourselves and to not be afraid to fail, which clearly we are since we can’t make a frick’n decision.
But we’re getting really close to jumping – or at the least, pushing each other off the edge into the unknown and the scary world of decision making.