The Cooperstown Farmers Market is promoting a new fruit and vegetable service called Community Supported Agriculture, CSA for short. The CSA model has been around for decades in various forms. It is a farm-to-table program that provides consumers with direct access to high quality, fresh produce grown by area farmers. When you become a member of a CSA, you’re purchasing a share of the harvest from a farmer.
In our case, the farm share will be delivered weekly, to a designated pick-up spot, for a specified number of weeks during the season roughly from June to November. Usually a share includes a mix of 7-10 varieties of produce, enough for a family of four, however, half shares are also common.
CSA members pay for an entire season of produce upfront (typically $400-$700 based on the arrangement you choose). Most CSAs have a variety of payment plans to enable members flexibility in paying for their shares. This early bulk payment enables your farmer to plan for the season, purchase new seed, make equipment repairs, and more. This is one way a community can support its local agriculture.
“As a two-year veteran of The Farm’s CSA farm share box, I can tell you there were some unexpected consequences to being a CSA member. No shopping, no decision-making, no menu planning necessary, just pick-up your box every week. The opening of the box is very much like presents on Christmas morning. The produce goes into the refrigerator. When you are hungry, you open the refrigerator door and there are all kinds of great things to eat. You can eat almost everything raw. Cooking the ingredients from the share is different, it’s simpler, it’s more creative, it’s tastier, it has more nutrients. Cravings for Russian Blue Kale, arugula, tomatoes off the vine, cilantro, and scapes are not uncommon. I shared surplus with my neighbors, people love that. It is possible to squirrel-away blueberries for the winter and corn on the cob for corn chowder. This is a food adventure worth taking; the result is a healthier diet. I highly recommend it.” Lyn Weir, Cooperstown Farmers’ Market manager.
This year, three well-established Cooperstown Farmers’ Market vendors are offering CSA services in the Cooperstown area. CSA arrangements vary from farm to farm and more information is available at the Cooperstown Farmers Market on Saturdays from 9:00-2:00 at the stalls of the following farms.
Three CSA Farm Share Membership Options:
1. Fruit and Vegetable CSA Farm Share from Heller’s Farm, Bainbridge, NY
– Selection of fruits and vegetables as well as preserves each week
– 25 weeks, share is $27 a week from June 4 to November 19
– Tuesday P/U with locations to be determined
– Fresh picked produce enough for a family of four, also preserved items like jams,
pickles, and salsa
– $700 for the season with two installment of $350 due March 15 and June 24
– Heller’s Farm Facebook page has photos of farm share boxes from the 2012 season
which shows quantity and diversity
– Heller’s Farm started a CSA service in Ithaca four years ago, the service doubles each
year in size which includes 90% of the original members
2. Certified Organic Vegetable CSA Farm Share from Gaia’s Breath Farm, Jordanville, NY – Selection of certified organic vegetables each week
– 25 weeks, share is $27 a week with boxes from June 8 to November 23
– P/U is Saturdays at the Cooperstown Farmers’ Market or at the farm [locations TBD]
– Typical share for the spring includes: a ½ lb mesclun mix, and a ½ lb of spinach or ½
lb of arugula, plus one bunch each of purple top turnips, radishes, kale, Bok Choy,
Mizuna, and ramps. The summer share typically includes – ½ lb mesclun mix, ½ lb
arugula, 3 lbs tomatoes, 1 lb, peppers, 3 lbs cucumbers, 3 lbs squash, 1 lb beans, 1
bulb garlic, 1 bunch radish, and 2 lbs eggplant.
– $675 for the season with two installments of $337.50 due on May 11 and Sept 14
– Organic certification by Demeter USA
– Four years of CSA experience
3. Fruit CSA from Middlefield Orchard, Middlefield, NY
– Selection of fresh fruits each week
– 18 weeks, share is $19 a week from July 13 to November 9
– Saturdays, Wednesdays, with P/U locations at local Farmers Markets: Cooperstown,
Bassett, Delhi and Oneonta, as well as the Orchard on Saturdays, 9-2
– Fresh picked fruit enough for a family of four
– $350 for the season with payment due no later than May 31
– A very enthusiastic first year
Come to the market and talk to the farmers for more details.


In case you think that herbs are just for those that enjoy cooking, you are mistaken because herbs are now being used as decorative items as well. And why shouldn’t they be considering how great they can look in a pot and how they make a kitchen look homier and more elegant. A thing that you might want to consider learning this week is learning how to grow herbs in a pot because this is a relatively easy thing to do that you can benefit from. Besides, watching something grow is a unique experience that will definitely mean something to you.
For each herb, you can use a different pot, but bear in mind that there is no need to this because there are herbal plants which can grow in the same pot because they have the same or very similar requirements. For instance, since thyme, rosemary and basil require the same amount of light, they can be put in the same pot. Oregano, lemon and parsley also like the sun, but they should have more shade. Coriander, mint and ginger can grow in places where there is no direct sunlight.
If you want to grow the plants separately, get a 10 inch pot for each herb. If you want to put them together, get bigger pots that will give each plant enough space and that will allow each plant to grow. The soil that you will require is very particular and you should mix all purpose potting mix together with some manure and coarse sand. Believe it or not, it is as simple as that. On top of that, taking care of the plants is not that hard either.
Since these herbs like to be soaked and then dried out a bit, the best course of action is to water them every other day, but make sure that you watch them in the beginning because the amount of time that it needs for the soil to dry is not the same in each and every case. The soil should be soaked and when you notice that it is almost dry, soak it again. Generally, this means watering the plants every other day, but in some cases, it may be even every day or every third day. How often you should water the plants also depends on other factors as well. If you choose clay pots instead of wood or plastic ones, you will have to water the plants more often. Smaller pots also require more frequent watering.
As you can see, the process of growing plants is not particularly difficult. If you think that you cannot succeed by starting from the seeds first, get whole plants somewhere else and simply replant them by making sure that you don’t get rid of their root system. In any case, you will be able to learn how to grow herbs and you will be able to do it in no time.


Join us for an important symposium which explores current issues affecting our food, land and water in South East Queensland
Co-hosted by ‘Bridging the Divide’ and the Griffith University EcoCentre
For a copy of the flyer and program, please click here.
- Date and time: Friday 31 October, 8.30am for a 9am start (9am to 5pm)
- Venue: Griffith University EcoCentre, Building N68, Griffith University, Nathan Campus
- How to book your place: this event is free, but bookings are essential. Please book your place by visiting our online booking system: http://trybooking.com.au/FUDS
- PLEASE NOTE: morning and afternoon tea will be provided, but to keep this event free, lunch will not be provided. You are invited to bring your own lunch, or to purchase it from a nearby café at Griffith University.
- Cost: This event is free, but gold coin donations will be invited at the door
- For more information - please contact: firstname.lastname@example.org or email@example.com
Farmers and food production in Queensland face growing threats. Coal mining and coal seam gas threaten prime agricultural land in South East Queensland and are increasingly responsible for polluting soil, air, water and land. Communities are concerned about the potential impacts of genetically modified organisms (GMO) on crops and the growing corporatization of food production and displacement of family farms. How can we ensure Queensland has a healthy, sustainable food system? And how can rural and urban communities work together more effectively to ensure food justice for consumers and producers? Come along to this important symposium - join the conversation and explore what we can do to support each other and ensure a just and healthy food future.
HOW TO FIND THE VENUE
For maps to help you find the EcoCentre, and details about public transport and parking, please visit this website:


We will be hiring for March 2020, so if you would like to send a CV and covering letter before then, you are welcome.
We will need help with markets at Altrincham or Levenshulme, and with veg boxes next season (March- October/November).
What you get:
-Contributing to expanding the organic food and farming sector in Manchester
-Realistic experience of working in food and farming- both the highs and the lows
-Opportunity to work in a social setting at Levenshulme or Altrincham Market or at our lovely market garden in Cheshire
-Full training given for successful applicants
-Minimum wage for hours worked (£8.21 for over 25 years)
-Access to any leftover organic veg
Criteria for applicants:
-Friendly and able to interact with the public- Essential
-Able to add up on the market stall using pen and paper quickly and accurately- Essential
-Fit enough to stand on market stall for 6-7 hours- Essential
-Able to lift 25kg sacks from van to trolley, and regularly lift and move around 12-15kg sacks of veg- Essential
-Happy to work either Saturday or Sunday – Essential
-Interest in food, growing and using – Essential
–Able to drive and confidence driving van for deliveries- Essential
–Enthusiasm and ability to learn– Essential
-Access to own vehicle- Desirable
-Experience in retail- Desirable
–Knowledge about growing and using food– Desirable
Please send a CV and covering letter outlining how you meet the criteria to email@example.com
We run community growing sessions over the season at Reddy Lane Market Garden in Cheshire. Tasks include: sowing seeds, watering, potting on, harvesting and maintenance and building the new site. We are hoping to secure funding to cover lunches, travel costs, waterproof clothing and equipment. Send an email to firstname.lastname@example.org if you would like to go on the email list.
If you have any questions, about the jobs or volunteer roles, email email@example.com (this mailbox will only be monitored sporadically mid-December-end of February).


Select a USA or UK Email Mailing List of Farms:
For details of all our Lists please visit:
How Technology is Affecting an Email mailing address list of Farms and Farmers
So many things are changing and new technologies are being introduced into the industry to ensure that there is good production. Many farmers who have been in the industry for years still use the old methods and there are those who are reluctant to adopt the new ways of farming, either out of ignorance or fear of change. It is common in many places and there is always a need to train the owners the new ways of making their farming more productive. Some of the reasons why training seminars for an Email mailing address list of farms and farmers is very important include;
Learn from the experts
Not all are professional farmers; others have been raised in the family of farmers and therefore learned some skills from the parents while others just got into farming without being taught formally about it. There are other things that such farmers may not be aware of like how to prevent crop diseases and the type of fertilizers to use. By having training seminars for a farms and farmers Mailing list with email addresses, the principles get an opportunity to learn from the experts. They are taught by agricultural professionals on ways to improve their farming.
There are new technologies that are always coming up. There are new ways of farming that have been adopted by some but there are so many farmers who are still not aware of the new technologies and how they make farming better. It is training seminars that an Email mailing address list of farms and farmers get to learn about the new technologies and how they can be adopted. During such seminars the experts train farmers in a practical way so that they get the concepts accurately. The experts are also available to ask their questions about the new technologies.
Learn from others
When people are locked out from the rest of the world, they tend to assume that what they are doing is the best and it is the same with any business. Many have been repeating the same mistakes because they have not known that what they are doing is wrong and they are not aware that there are other better ways. Training seminars are an opportunity for many farmers to learn from one another. Those who attend such seminars normally get better in their farming because of the new knowledge they have acquired from their peers. It is an opportunity for many who are not aware of online directories to also include their names in the Farms and Farmers Email Mailing Address List.
Knowledge is power and when farmers attend seminars they get the power to work better and manage their farms in a better way. Those who were using the wrong fertilizers are then taught about good fertilizers, where to get them and how to use the same fertilizers on their farms. With regular seminars organized they get better in their farming and thus better production in the farms and a change in the lifestyles that they lead. Better production means more money for the farmers Mailing list with email addresses.


Tips for saving water bills
Water conservation is considered the best way to prevent all water pollution. This pollution may be found in lakes, rivers and watersheds. Whenever we save water, we do minimize the amount of cash we would spend too. When we conserve water, we also reduce the amount of soil saturation and reduce the amount of pollution. Whenever we overload all the sewerage systems, we cause a lot of harm to our lakes and rivers. When we minimize the amount of water that flows through these systems, we also minimize on water pollution. There are several ways that we may reduce our water bills. These include:
Avoid leaking pipes, faucets and hoses
We may not be able to detect the leaking taps outside our homes. This is because they are outside beyond our vicinity. These leakages may be wasteful in the end as they do occur frequently. It is therefore vital to eliminate chances of leakages thus conserving water. Ensure that you also provide family educative measures when it comes to saving water. As a parent, please take your time to make a difference by teaching your children on preventive measures.
Plants watered during the day when not windy
We are advised to water our plants during the morning or evening hours. The reason behind this move is that at this time, there is less or no evaporation. It is also vital to water trees and plants during this time since it will also reduce disease infestation. Wind also increases the amount of evaporation. If we clearly follow these criteria, we may end up saving on water bills.
Placing mulch around trees and plants
We may also reduce the amount we spend on water bills when we do mulching on our plantations. Mulching reduces the amount of evaporation to a plant. Whenever you as a farmer use such organic materials on a plant, there is a natural increase in water retention.
If you are cleaning the utensils, it is advisable to use two basins. The first basin needs to be filled with soapy water and the other to have clean water for rinsing. This will save a lot of water, as there will not be any tap running.


What a day! It’s almost Christmas, but we wanted to take the last slot for celebrating foodtech and discuss the future of food. We did it launching our Foodtech Village Community Meetups series, the Mixers. Together with Axfoundation, we invited the Foodtech Village Community members and friends for a breakfast-meetup at our new event space in Söderhallarna, Stockholm.
An extraordinary topic: how will we grow food and eat on the Red Planet? Two very special guests: Dr Sian Proctor, science outreach officer on the NASA HI-SEAS mission (The Mars simulation dome on Hawaii), and Dr Masatoshi Funabashi, researcher at the Sony Computer Science Laboratory in Tokyo and the founder of Synecoculture.
Sian Proctor guided us through her Mars simulation journey, a 4 months program in which she realized - among other things - how important it is for astronauts to have food that not only satisfies their nutritional needs, but that also tastes good. Imagine eating for several months something that doesn’t satisfy your palate at all. You would easily get bored of it and stop eating, losing weight and precious energy. One of the solutions would be focusing on freeze-dried food: the technique that we already use for producing instant coffee could indeed be the best way to prepare tasty meals on Space. Peas, corn, berries and even meat and cheese. Freeze-dried products that preserve their flavor and can last for 10 years.
After that, Dr Funabashi showed us the potential of a new growing methodology named Synecoculture: “agriculture that overcomes the trade-off between productivity and environmental damage.” The development of this technique could support humans to produce food on the Red Planet during the next decades. In the meantime, through a better approach to the utilization of energy and the other ecosystems components, the symbiotic agriculture is renewing the traditional way of growing plants and rebuilding a broken environment on Earth.
We thought that a 2-hours Meetup wasn’t enough. So, we decided to cook together and taste Sian’s space-tortillas, based on freeze-dried products. We gathered at the Future Food Kitchen, in Söderhallarna’s food court, where we had the opportunity of deeper exploring Dr Proctor expertise and vision about food. After lunch, a selected bunch of growers, urban farmers and plant enthusiast joined Dr Masatoshi Funabashi Masterclass on Synecocolture, trying to understand how to produce a new good mix of edible plants and build innovative business models around this methodology.
We don’t know when humans will land and eat on Mars, but we are sure that scientists like Sian Proctor and Masatoshi Funabashi are contributing to the next-gen food system. We are looking forward to seeing how the entrepreneurs will grab and develop these opportunities. And we are ready to support them on this amazing journey!


Lawn Care Provider
It is a pleasure and an opportunity to have a lovely lawn, particularly for those with children and also pets. Having actually a yard filled with lavish lawn, intense plants, as well as kicking back features can be the highlight of any kind of house. Nonetheless, keeping a yard can be an actual hassle. It takes a great deal of work to keep your yard looking lovely and also clean. Children leave their toys about. Pets collect flowerbeds. It could all go a bit pear-shaped.
For those who are passionate about gardening, it can be fun to repair these problems. But also for others, it takes a little bit of time and thought. Here are a number of very easy ways to preserve your yard.
Mowing your lawn is the optimal way to keep the turf brief and also tidy. Utilizing either a gas powered or electrical lawn mower will certainly ensure your garden looks tidy as well as proper. It could additionally be a good way to level your garden in order to see just what needs upkeep, or prior to planting brand-new features.
Lawns should not be cut daily, as this could cause damage. Better, mowing ought to just eliminate about 1/3 of the grass, as your yard needs the grass to remain healthy and balanced as well as rooted.
Cutting must be done approximately every 2 weeks in Summertime when your lawn grows faster, and also as soon as a month in Winter season. Though every grass should be evaluated on its growth price as well as condition, this is the common regularity of trimming to ensure a healthy, eye-catching lawn.
Lawn should be cut around the perimeter at first, then in courses with the main sections.
Weeds are the enemy of any lawn and also any type of lawn owner. Weeds develop in any type of bare patches in yards, where possibly the grass has mored than mown or is just old. Weeds establish themselves in these areas and can spread out throughout lawns. However luckily, there are a number of means to manage them.
Before utilizing weed killer, one need to constantly question whether they need to just boost lawn treatment. Soil top quality, frequent watering; these are points that ought to be addressed in order to eliminate the risk of weeds.
Usually enhancing the method you look at your grass will help control weeds. Not cutting lawn too reduced and also making use of natural dirt enrichers will certainly help deal with weeds. If needed, any weed killing products ought to be examined to be safe around children and animals.
Fertilizers are supplements for nutrients in the dirt that could not be present. Feeding your grass can aid improve its total health and also its defense versus weeds and also bugs.
Normally, lawns must be fed every eight weeks. Inspecting the maker's directions is essential, however, as well as instructions should be followed inning accordance with the kind of plant food you utilize.
The dosage of fertilizer must not be surpassed. Applying percentages frequently is safer compared to big amounts very long times apart. Once more, describe the item's directions to ensure your grass is best-taken care of.
Following these suggestions as well as methods will certainly help you care for your grass in general, yet you need to likewise be sure to judge it on its own problem. Every yard is different and also requires various care. Resolving your issues practically as well as safely will guarantee your yard remains lovely and safe for your children and also pets throughout the year.
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Our product is currently in the development stage. We're looking for partners to test our nanopowders. Feel free to contact us for more information.
Tests to verify the effectiveness of NanoboosteX nanopowders were carried out using different versions and concentrations of nanopowders in relation to zero samples.
internal crops [Nanocultiv] and external crops [Partners-Farmers];
field crops; vertical crops; greenhouse crops.
NanoboosteX nanopowders are adapted to the changing requirements of agricultural production and meet new market expectations. They are an environmentally friendly, non-toxic and biodegradable product. Thanks to them, the plant does not adsorb harmful compounds from the soil. NanoboosteX nanopowders reduce the cost of plant cultivation. They make it possible to generate less carbon dioxide and save water and energy. They are versatile, easy to use and store. They can be applied to many types of crops.
Type of soil:
The best results can be obtained with fertile soils.
The appropriate amount of product should be poured into a container of water and mixed thoroughly until a homogeneous suspension is obtained. Then applied topically. A single soil application is sufficient for the entire life cycle of the plant.
Select the proportion in relation to the acreage of crops and the number of plants. The amount of nanopowder varies from 0.06 - 3 mg / plant.
Accelerate the growth and development of the above-ground part of the plant: stem, leaves, buds, flowers and fruits.
Increase the adsorption capacity of micro and macronutrients present
in the soil.
Positive effect on the mass and development of the plant's root system.
NanoboosteX nanopowders cause the formation of an expanded plant root system. This allows plants to increase their ability to take up micro- and macronutrients, as well as to conduct photosynthesis more actively. In addition, the activity of key enzymes involved in, for example, carbon or nitrogen metabolism is increased. This results, among other things, in increased accumulation of carbohydrates (sugar, starch), soluble protein or nitrogen. The above-mentioned mechanisms contribute to improving both the quality and quantity of crop production.
Climate change is negatively affecting agricultural production through the occurrence of more frequent droughts, floods, migration of pollutants, contamination of soils, rising crop costs, etc.
Gas emissions, chemicals use, inefficient soil and crop management, and transportation contribute to climate change.
Agriculture contributes significantly to the progression of climate change at the same time dealing with its negative effects. One of the necessary measures is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and the use of environmentally safe fertilizers and crop protection products.
Created by Nanocultiv - dedicated unit of Nanoseen specializing in the application of nanotechnology in agriculture.
NanoboosteX are innovative nanopowders that have carbon-based nanomaterials in their composition. They are characterized by high purity, homogeneity and high adsorption capacity. As a result, the nanopowders increase soil yield and productivity and stimulate plant growth to produce healthy, organic agricultural products and plants.
NANOSEEN SP. Z O.O.
POMERANIAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARK
UL. ALEJA ZWYCIĘSTWA 96/98,
81-451 GDYNIA, POLAND
@ 2023 Nanoseen.
All rights reserved.


Cocoa’s boom-bust price cycles could hit African farmers hard, but industry is responding
Analysis by PwC and natural resource tracking company GeoTraceability indicates that ‘boom-bust’ cycles of cocoa prices remain a major threat to small farmers in West Africa in particular. But the confectionery industry is responding with new investment to make cocoa production more efficient and sustainable in the long run.
With the price of cocoa in September up by around 30% on the average for 2013, the analysis warns that uncertainty around the bean crop could make the market more prone to instability. There are also fears of an ‘ebola effect’ if the virus spreads to Ivory Coast and Ghana, which produce around 60% of the world’s cocoa.
John Hawksworth, chief economist at PwC, said:
"Cocoa prices are highly volatile: they often spike upwards significantly due to supply disruptions from weather, disease and politics in the tropical countries where production is concentrated. But history suggests that, as supply rebounds in later years, they tend to revert to relatively subdued real levels determined by the low cost of labour in key producer countries in West Africa and Indonesia.
“Cocoa prices could strengthen over the next few years as continued growth in demand for chocolate and other cocoa products from the US, Latin America, Europe and Asia again causes supply constraints in key producers like Ivory Coast and Ghana.
“But if these higher prices encourage more investment in new cocoa orchards, there could then be another bust in cocoa prices in the 2020s, just as there was in the 1980s following the 1970s cocoa price boom. The challenge for both policy-makers and confectionery companies will be to smooth out these boom-bust cycles, which can do great damage to the small farmers that account for around 90% of global cocoa bean production."
Around 90% of world cocoa is produced on small family farms, with an estimated 20 million smallholders and rural workers depending directly on cocoa for their livelihood according to the 2012 Cocoa Barometer report. Mapping and data collection from these farms is helping them to improve yields, by understanding what can be done to improve their outputs.
Matthieu Guemas of GeoTraceability, which provides technology to map and trace natural resources including cocoa, said:
“With around 90% of cocoa produced on family farms, the age of and space around a cocoa tree, fertilisers used, and changes in agricultural practices all impact cocoa production and supply.
“Thanks to colossal investments in sustainability and support programmes aiming to boost production, the cocoa industry is increasing its efforts to avoid a future shortage of beans. Investments like farmer training and sustainability premia were marginal in West Africa just three years ago, but are now becoming more common.
“These initiatives are supporting both farmers and the industry to move to a more long term view of sustainable agricultural practices, that take account of changing conditions – whether relating to the climate, the economy or agricultural techniques.”
GeoTraceability, acquired by PwC in April 2014, has facilitated the collection of data on cocoa crops from 83,000 farmers and 114,000 hectares of cocoa producing land across Ghana, Nigeria, Ecuador, Peru and Indonesia to date. There is increasing demand and interest in the data from development agencies, commercial partners, bean traders and first stage processors to provide more accurate understanding of current and future potential growing trends.
GeoTraceability, acquired by PwC in April 2014, specialises in tracking and data collection technology for natural resources including cocoa, coffee, cotton, nuts and minerals globally. GeoTraceability uses data gathering and monitoring technology such as GPS mapping, Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and mobile phone and bar coding systems to track products from origin to shop floor. This supports businesses with increasing demands to make the origin of products transparent and allay concerns about natural resource security and environmental impacts. www.geotraceability.com.
PwC helps organisations and individuals create the value they’re looking for. We’re a network of firms in 157 countries with more than 195,000 people who are committed to delivering quality in assurance, tax and advisory services. Find out more and tell us what matters to you by visiting us at www.pwc.com.
PwC refers to the PwC network and/or one or more of its member firms, each of which is a separate legal entity. Please see www.pwc.com/structure for further details.
©2014 PricewaterhouseCoopers. All rights reserved.
Press Release and Documents
Rowena MearleySenior Manager, Global CommunicationsUnited Kingdomrowena.email@example.com-+44 7730 598 643


Is the horsetail plant a pest? Well, yes. The Equisetum ravens is a very weed plant for both the vineyard and in the olive grove because it is perennial, very invasive and difficult to control.
These herbs are among the oldest organisms on earth: they were plants spread 350 million years ago. During the adverse seasons, there were no air organs and the buds are found in underground organs called rhizomes.
The normal and usual methods weed control service use to fight and oppose weeds do not adapt well to these herbs that, indeed, tend to replace the spontaneous flora present, creating a uniform mat both on the ground.The only practical solution is chemical weeding, as mechanical processing is never decisive, often useful only for a few weeks.
Chemical weeding: Different experiences to look for the best system to fight these weeds have been carried out by the Agricultural Institutes from around the globe both with recent active ingredients and mixtures.
Tested herbicides are:
Glyphosate: well-known systemic herbicide, has a very marked drying effect. Also used on shrub species. The rapid action of the herbicide is favoured by high temperatures, high air humidity and intense solar illumination.
Aminothiazole: this is not a residual herbicide but it has a multi-site and systemic activity.
Flazasulfuron: is a molecule of the class of sulphonylureas that has leaf and residual activity. It is used in the early post-emergence treatments of pests when they have a maximum height of up to 10 cm.
MCPA: also used in industrial weeding and for uncultivated areas due to its hormonal-sodium action and its broad spectrum of action. It persists in the soil for 2-3 weeks. It is an active principle that acts promptly and that does not undergo the action of leaching rains and dews
Glufosinate ammonium: contact herbicide, non-selective and partially systemic. It acts by leaf contact and absorption located on the green parts of the plants present at the time of the intervention; it does not exert any residual action.
Another active ingredient that has been shown to be effective in equipping the horsetail, although only for a few months,was glyphosate, in autumn treatment, especially if accompanied by heptamethyltrisiloxane, polyalkylene oxide, a surfactant that significantly reduces the surface tension of the solution from spraying, thus ensuring an abundant coverage even on the foliage of plants particularly difficult to wet.
Is the Horsetail plant a pest also as a nutrient?
Of course not. Its healing uses date back to the Greek-Roman times when it was already used to treat kidney problems and moreover, the horsetail plant is a great ally for your bones! Its diuretic action is recognized in modern medicine also for urinary tract infections: the herb promotes the excretion of urine. Its main property is its high content of silica, an indispensable element for the synthesis of collagen fibres present in cartilage.
In fact, the lack of silicon in the body causes a reduction in the collagen that holds together the molecules of our cartilage. A low rate of silicon causes bone demineralization and consequently osteoporosis, so horsetail can be a valuable aid for bone health, nails and hair. So using an expert weed control service is key in making good use of this.


Many trees won't tolerate wet land, so when coming up with a landscape plan for an overly moist yard, many landscape designers will recommend steering away from trees. However, if you're incredibly selective about the type of tree you include, you can enjoy the majesty of tall trees as a part of your landscape design. The pin oak, a beautiful and towering shade tree, loves moisture and will thrive in spite of frequent soil saturation. Learn a little more about this tree, and if it sounds like a variety you'd like, ask your landscape designer to include it in your landscape installation.
Characteristics of the Pin Oak
Pin oak trees reach a height of about 60 feet when mature. They have medium-wide crowns that measure about 25–40 feet across at maturity, making them an excellent source of shade. Pink oaks feature the characteristic, furrowed leaves seen on all species of oak trees. These leaves are bright green in the summer, but turn a lovely red and bronze in the fall.
Like all oak species, pin oaks do produce acorns that will attract squirrels and chipmunks to your property. Their acorns are about ½ inch long, which is smaller than those of most oak species.
Tips for Planting and Growing Pink Oaks
To successfully plant a pin oak, you'll need to start by selecting the optimal site. While moisture is fine and even desirable, shade is not. Pink oaks need at least 6 hours of sunlight per day to thrive. Planting one next to a building or along a fence is not ideal, since it will not get enough sunlight when it is young and small.
It's also wise to conduct a soil test before planting a pink oak. Soil tests can be obtained at most garden stores, and the instructions on the packages should be easy to follow. Pink oaks prefer alkaline soils, so if your soil is neutral or acidic, you'll need to add some lime. Keep in mind that you'll need to add lime to a wide area around the tree, since its roots will eventually spread out. Your soil test should tell you how much lime to add, based on your individual results.
Like most trees, pink oak are hard to grow from seeds. It's much easier to visit your local garden store and purchase a tree that's a year or two old than it is to start from seed. When planting your young tree, be sure to place it in a hole that's wider than its roots, so that the roots can easily expand into the soft soil. Unless your soil is very wet at the time of planting, you should water your new tree in to help it become established.
Pink oaks are rather fast growing for hardwood trees, so within a few short years, you'll have stunning trees in your yard. You may want to have them pruned a few times when they're young to maintain their shape, but other than that, they require little maintenance after planting.


Marcus Wareing is to front a brand new BBC Two series.
Marcus Wareing’s Tales From A Kitchen Garden will see the chef extraordinaire and successful restaurateur follow his dream of living, and cooking, in the English countryside.
The ten-part series will see Marcus travel across the country visiting the very best of British producers, farmers and gardeners – inspiring him as he grows his fledgling market garden.
The BBC share: “Throughout the series there will be lessons and top tips about rearing livestock as diverse as pigs, chickens, cows, sheep and even bees. There’ll also be advice on planting orchards and the best way to grow vegetables – inspiring Marcus, and viewers at home, to get out there and start planting.
“As well as calling on the help and advice of locals, friends and neighbours, Marcus will travel the UK, seeking out, and learning from, the very best food producers. The series will break down the barriers between farming and kitchen. It will explore where food comes from, how it grows, traditional and new farming methods and, most importantly, how to grow the very best fruit and veg, and what affects the taste of our food.
“Marcus will be cooking with the food producers he meets across the UK as well as back at home in his outdoor kitchen. In each episode he’ll create delicious and exciting meals, inspired not only by his garden, but also by those he has met along the way.”
Marcus Wareing said: “I am hugely excited to be given this opportunity from the BBC and to be working with Plimsoll. Having started to develop my Kitchen Garden in East Sussex I am keen to learn from the experts, and I can’t wait to explore many different parts of the UK and uncover the absolute best of British producers, farmers and gardeners.
“I am hoping to learn new skills and bring new ideas back to my own garden as I strive to improve my own offering. Of course cooking remains my passion so I am looking forward to trying some of these ingredients, along with a few of my own, and sharing the recipes with you.”
Ensuring nothing goes to waste, Marcus will be sharing the fruits of his labours with the locals, his friends and family, as well as the neighbourhood foodbank and community ‘sharing fridge’ – causes he’ll be championing within the series.
Carla-Maria Lawson, Head of Daytime & Early Peak at the BBC, said: “Local farms and their bounty have sustained us over the past year and have also inspired many to look at how to lead a more sustainable, affordable life closer to home.
“This new series, which celebrates the British countryside and its custodians, will offer food for thought for BBC Two viewers and dish up a real visual treat.”
Marcus Wareing’s Tales From A Kitchen Garden is to air on BBC Two in 2022.


2 edition of Boron Requirements For Alfalfa. found in the catalog.
Boron Requirements For Alfalfa.
Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture and Food.
|Series||Factsheet (Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture and Food) -- Bra|
|Contributions||Lane, T., Wright, H.|
Mark Davis, Senior Agronomist for Compass Minerals, explains the importance of alfalfa for boron, what growers should be looking for in a boron fertilizer, and why Wolf Trax Boron DDP is . damage to alfalfa seedlings. A fertility program for alfalfa will have to be implemented prior to planting the no-till alfalfa. Good seed-soil contact is critical in alfalfa establishment to ensure quick germination. A culti - packer-type seeder or grain drill with press wheels firms the soil, resulting in good contact with the Size: KB.
Sulfur deficiency in alfalfa, pg 2. Correcting Sulfur Deficiency in Alfalfa If S deficiency is identified, an application rate of 20 to 30 pounds of SO 4-S per year is recommended to alleviate S deficiency in alfalfa based on the most recent research conducted in Iowa (see ref. 3). Although some carryover of S may occur in silt loam soils with File Size: KB. Fertilizing alfalfa with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) can increase yield and stand longevity. However, to maximize production and profitability, it is important to adjust fertilizer rates to meet the specific nutritional needs of plants in each field. This publication provides information on .
and boron deficiencies have also been documented in some locations. Nutrient deficiencies can significantly reduce alfalfa yields and shorten stand life. FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS Nitrogen. Alfalfa is a legume and through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria obtains all of the nitrogen required for growth from the atmosphere. The book is clearly and concisely written for pest management professionals and growers. The first of the extensive University of California IPM manual series, IPM for Alfalfa Hay presents an ecological approach for the management of the crop and pest insects, weeds, vertebrates, pathogens, and abiotic disorders.
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In Illinois the crop most sensitive to boron deficiency is alfalfa; deficiency in corn or soybean is extremely rare because those crops have low boron requirements. In fact, the most common problem for corn with boron is toxicity if a large amount was applied to.
Corn and soybean have very low boron requirements, and boron toxicity can be a problem for corn if large amounts of the nutrient were applied to an alfalfa stand in the year prior to planting the corn. Fernandez said that boron deficiency in alfalfa is most common in sandy soils that are low in organic matter or in soils with a high pH.
When to Apply Boron Fertilizer Products on Alfalfa Fields By Wolf Trax. When is the right time to apply boron fertilizer. Many alfalfa fertilizer recommendations include boron. Watch this short video presentation from Compass Minerals for a quick overview on: Why is boron important for alfalfa; When should growers consider applying boron.
Fertilizer Management for Alfalfa David D. Tarkalson, Extension Soil Specialist and Charles A. Shapiro, Extension Soil Specialist Alfalfa is an important crop in Nebraska. It is the only crop that has been planted on more than 1, acres in every county of the state. Nebraska consis-tently ranks as File Size: KB.
Alfalfa has a long taproot that pene-trates more deeply into the soil than crops such as corn or wheat which have more fibrous, shallow roots. Under favorable conditions, alfalfa roots may penetrate over 20 feet deep. This great rooting depth gives alfalfa excellent drought tolerance.
Sloping fields where erosion is a. boron. Boron should never be applied to these crops unless specialist advice has beenobtained. Ifthese crops will be grown in rotation with alfalfa, do not exceed recommended rates of boron on alfalfa. Use caution in applying boron to an alfalfa stand which will be plowed for planting to.
Alfalfa growers shooting for high-production, high-yielding hay know that fertilizing boosts quality and tonnage. You have a lot of options when you’re choosing what kind of fertilizer to use to optimize forage production, but one important nutrient requirement that shouldn’t be overlooked is boron.
Boron is important to the establishment and re-growth of alfalfa. Corn and soybean have very low boron requirements, and boron toxicity can be a problem for corn if large amounts of the nutrient were applied to an alfalfa stand in the year prior to planting the corn.
Fernández said that boron deficiency in alfalfa is most common in sandy soils that are low in organic matter or in soils with a high pH. Alfalfa needs right amount of boron. By Other “The foliar application of boron should be sprayed on alfalfa stubble after a cutting if possible and should be limited to no more than ALFALFA NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS, DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS, AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION Mike Ottman1 Key Words: Nutrients, essential elements, visual symptoms, fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, molybdenum.
There are 18 nutrients essential or beneficial for the growth of alfalfa which can be classifiedFile Size: 17KB.
Because boron is essential for proper cell wall formation, highly cellulosic crops like alfalfa have high boron requirements.
Alfalfa fields require frequent boron fertilizer applications because you're constantly removing the whole crop from the field; unlike crops like corn, where boron stored up in the cellulosic part of the plant - the corn.
Boron deficiency in alfalfa. University of Illinois assistant professor of crop sciences Fabian Fernandez has noticed visible signs of boron deficiency in alfalfa. In Illinois, alfalfa is the crop most sensitive to boron deficiency.
Corn and soybean have very low boron requirements, and boron toxicity can be a problem for corn if large amounts. Boron deficiency was first recorded in Australia in the s in apple trees growing in Tasmania and New South Wales.
Subsequently the deficiency was found in a wide range of pasture and crop plants. Crops with higher boron requirements such as lucerne, sunflowers, rapeseed, cauliflower and apples are most likely to respond to boron.
Pine trees. Effect of Sulfur and Boron Fertilization on Alfalfa Abstract Historically, sulfur (S) deficiency has not been an issue for crop production in Iowa. Research results as recent as on corn and soybeans were consistent with previous results.
The exception was a long-standing. The present paper, which is intended to update the review by Bell (), identifies significant advances in knowledge and understanding about boron (B) requirements of plants, and their.
The effect of foliar application of boron on alfalfa seed yield ( ppm) is within the limits (B> ppm), which are considered adequate (Koening et al.,Brown and Barbour, ).
Analysis of plant material was established 61 ppm, which according to Un. Boron Fertilizers and Management Boron removal is small as it is a micronutrient; a typical alfalfa yield of 5 tons of DM per acre would remove less than lbs of B.
If soil and tissue tests show a B deficiency, B can be applied as top dress at a rate of 1 to 2 pounds of B File Size: 74KB. For dryland alfalfa, an application of lb sulfur every three years should be adequate.
Micronutrients Except for boron, micronutrient deficiencies have not been found in alfalfa in Nebraska. Boron deficiencies are rare.
If soil and water testing indicates a boron deficiency, apply 1 lb of boron per acre, usually with other fertilizers. Alfalfa is a major perennial forage crop which is known for its high dry matter yield and hay quality.
Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient, and its deficiency limits alfalfa production (Kelling, ). Alfalfa has a high requirement for B (Pecinovsky and Lang, ) and is susceptible to B deficiency (Dear and Weir. A soil test recommendation for boron greater than 1 ppm is considered adequate for alfalfa and greater than is considered adequate for the other forage crops.
The sufficiency level for plant analysis for boron in the top one-third of the alfalfa plant, sampled between bud and one-tenth bloom stage is.
Advice on when to apply boron and potash to alfalfa - posted in Alfalfa/Hay: This is the first year on a new stand of RR Alfalfa, it was planted last fall and has established very good so far this spring.
We applied a split application of fertilizer last fall and this spring including lime last fall back in October.
As I went to a local dairy farmer this past weekend to check out his alfalfa.Additionally, the reaction of applied limestone to correct soil acidity ties up plant-available soil boron. With this knowledge, I disregard testing my soil samples for boron and simply apply to lb of actual boron for clover production and up to 4 lb of actual boron for alfalfa.
This is added in fall with any P, K, S, and or Mg that I.An established two‐year‐old stand of ‘Apollo’ alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) was used to determine the alfalfa yield and macronutrient contents response to potassium (K), sulfur (S), boron.


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Why Choose Grass Fed, Grass Finished Beef (100% Grass Fed)?
Grass Fed, Grass Finished Beef:
is healthy and safe
is great for the environment
is lean and tastes delicious
Some farms will label their beef as grass fed, but then finish them on grain for the last 90-120 days of their life. Be aware of what you're buying. Ask for grass fed and grass finished beef or 100% grass fed beef. Read "Food Label Jargon Deymystified" by the CBS Early Show for more info on confusing labels.
Healthy & Safe
The claim that grass-fed beef is healthier for you is true! It's leaner, and more importantly, lower in Omega-6 fats and higher is Omega-3 fats. This reduces the risk of heart disease and has numerous other health benefits.Grass-fed beef also contains 500% more Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA). "CLA is an essential fatty acid with some pretty amazing side properties:
Anti-carconogenic (helps prevent cancer)
Helps prevent obesity
Anti-antherosclerosis (helps prevent heart disease)"
Other health benefits of grass-fed:
400% more Vitamin A
300% more Vitamin E
75% more Omega
378% more Beta-carotene
Grass-fed is safer!
"Research done by Russell and Diez-Gonzalez at Cornell University in the late 1990s verified that cattle fed a grass and hay diet had far fewer E. coli than when they were fed a standard feedlot grain based diet."2 Lucky 3 Farm meat is processed at a local USDA-inspected processing facility and it does not contain any hormones or antibiotics because we don't give our animals any.
Better for the Environment
Feeding grass requires much less fossil fuel. On pasture, grazing animals do their own fertilizing and harvesting. The ground is covered with grasses all year round, so it does an excellent job of harvesting solar energy and holding on to top soil and moisture. This means no soil erosion. Grazed pastures remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere more effectively than any land use, including forestland and ungrazed prairie, helping to slow global warming. Cattle that graze on succulent grass produce as much as 20% less methane gas. 3
Our cows enjoy succulent, fresh grass year-round, moving leisurely from pasture to pasture. They live an idyllic life on our small farm, never wanting for anything. They do not undergo any undue stress. When we have to move them to another pasture, we use low-stress techniques. Our cows are treated well and are in perfect health. Lucky 3 Farm cows are allowed to mature at a natural rate and are never given any growth hormones.
 Nation, Allan. Grass-fed to Finish. Green Park Press. Ridgeland, Mississippi. October 2005. Pp 87-88. Klein, Laura. Sourcing Healthy, Grass-fed Meats. http://www.organicauthority.com/organic-food/organic-food-articles/sourcing-healthy-grass-fed-meats.html Robinson, Jo. Eatwild.com. http://www.eatwild.com/environment.html
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Organically Grown has been a Magill landmark for the last 25 years.
I actually started as a volunteer in 1994 when on summer break from university and wound up becoming manager then buying the place when the previous owner went under. It was tough back then!
Lots of contacts have been made since then while trying to build on the small is beautiful and farm to plate philosophies. I guess you could say the owner, Clinton (me) has a strong belief in quality food for the people and enjoys being a part of the growing and selling of this quality food.
Please come in and meet us, check out the amazing fresh produce and see for yourself what keeps them coming back to this small, but packed to the rafters shop.
Growing? Practicing what I preach I also farm on my own land. You should ask for dried jackfruit from my farm. It's special and definitely worth seeking out.


Scalped turf tends to be weak and sparse, which exposes soil. One of the top contributors to weed success is exposed soil that allows weed seed to take root. A sparse lawn also allows sunlight to reach weed seedlings, which gives them a boost. Consistently cutting grass too short contributes to a poorly developed root system, which also makes the lawn more susceptible to serious damage from drought or high temperatures.
MOW IN THE SHADE
When you prune a plant, it causes stress. Grass is no different. The act of mowing creates tremendous stress on grass plants. If you mow during the heat of the day, individual grass plants lose more water and recover much more slowly than if you mow during the cooler part of the day. Another option is to wait until shade is on the lawn. Grass in the shade loses less water when cut and is quicker to rebound.
ADJUST MOWER HEIGHT
Adjust mower height throughout the growing season. For instance, shift the cutting deck higher in summer and allow grass to grow longer. Taller grass helps shade soil, which prevents weed growth and slows water evaporation from soil. Taller grass also develops deeper roots, which creates a lawn that can withstand drought better.
IDENTIFY SOIL TYPES
Explore your yard’s soil type to make the most effective lawn irrigation decisions. For instance, if you see puddling each time you water, your soil likely has high clay content. This type of soil cannot absorb water quickly, but instead requires repeated, shorter watering cycles. On the plus side, clay soil retains water longer than sandy soil, which needs more frequent watering. Lawn specialists may recommend a soil test to learn what kind of soil is hosting your grass and determine adjustments for irrigation cycles.
Newly sodded or seeded lawns need more irrigation than established turf. In most cases, Regal’s lawn specialists recommend watering new sod lawns daily for the first week. With sod, you can taper off watering after the first week to encourage grass to sink deep roots. For seeded lawns, twice daily watering ensures seedling success. Aim to keep the top inch of soil consistently moist. Keep up daily irrigation until you have mowed the grass at least once (or twice is even better).
Take time to observe the irrigation system. Note where water delivery is coating hard surfaces, like walks or driveways, or where puddling is occurring on the lawn. Adjust nozzles and irrigation duration as needed to ensure you are making the most efficient use of every drop of water.


The garden is starting to come together. I’m feeling inspired to keep better records as well (more on that below).
The first round of peas and the garlic are going strong. The fennel, spinach and lettuce starts have all been planted. Last night we transplanted most of our onions, though I’m starting to feel we may be a bit late on those. Now if we can only keep the turkeys out of them (they have this crazy obsession with all things onion). The potatoes are planted and we got the irrigation hooked up in the experimental potato bins.
Our warm season stuff is also looking good. This past weekend I transplanted everything in flats into 4″ pots so they can grow a bit longer before being put in the ground. It’s not quite warm enough at night yet to risk putting them out so in the greenhouse they will stay. Speaking of greenhouse, this year it’s tied down so I’m hoping to avoid any and all mishaps that we had last year (wind storm knocked it over destroying all my seedlings). I’ve also made sure to label everything this year, which is something I’ve never done but regretted not doing every year.
There is this awesome website I found that really helps with determining frost dates. I find it really helpful for the Bay Area since we have so many micro-climates and frost dates can vary dramatically within just a few miles. Actually in our neighborhood it varies quite a bit as we can be frost free at our house but just a couple of blocks away cars are covered in frost. My city is never on a list for frost dates so I always just had to guess based on the frost dates from a nearby city. I had thought they were from November 11th to March 27th. Turns out our frost dates are actually (and these are very conservative dates) December 11th to February 29th, which means I get an extra 2 months of growing time.
Since our weather seems to be more and more erratic (last year we had unusually high rainfall very late into the season and this year we’re not getting any rainfall) I’ve decided to keep better track of what’s going on and I’ll be tracking our frost dates. I also want to see the blooming patterns of our fruit trees and keep a log of when and where I plant stuff out to see if making changes helps or hurts our harvest.
Just in time, Erica at Northwest Edible Life puts up her 2012 Garden Journal. I pretty much never buy garden journals because they are targeted towards small scale flower and maybe a bit of vegetable gardening. They never offer enough space for me so I pass on getting them. Because of this I just never really kept any notes – which really isn’t a good thing. I don’t really remember when I planted carrots 3 years ago (and got a bumper crop of them). But now, with Erica’s garden planner this will no longer be an issue. Because it’s a pdf I can pick and choose what pages to print and how many of them I need. What I really like about it is that there are different versions of pages – one more detailed and the other a simpler version – that you can choose from.
And it has everything including a place to keep track of weather, monthly check lists, and project planning. It also includes pest notes and a harvest log. As an added bonus she has included spine labels for binders, a binder cover and dividers with beautiful color photos along with instructions on how to use the journal.
So go check it out and get one! I know I’m going to be a better gardener because of it.


NOTTINGHAM CASTLE has been busy with the arrival of four new beehives, aimed at promoting biodiversity in the city centre and producing honey for visitors to enjoy. The peaceful colony of 40,000 Buckfast bees have been welcomed to their new home as part of World Bee Day recently.
With open green space, an abundance of trees and diverse wildflowers, Nottingham Castle is the ideal location to introduce the buzz of some friendly bees. It is also a short bumble to The Park Estate where the bees can enjoy resident gardens and community spaces. Research has also shown bee communities can thrive in city environments as they are not exposed to the harmful effects of pesticides or herbicides.
To keep a watchful eye on the Castle’s new inhabitants, passionate and experienced beekeeper Griff Dixon of the Norwell Apiary Honeybees in Newark, will visit weekly and conduct checks on the hive.
Griff is honorary secretary for the Nottinghamshire Beekeepers Association which has over 320 members in the county and is well versed in bee farming as well as helping others get started.
“We were contacted by Nottingham Castle just as the pandemic was starting, so it’s great to finally install the four hives just in time for World Bee Day. We have been providing honey in jars for the shop, but I’m delighted to be able to start producing a dedicated supply from the Castle grounds and within the city.
“One of the biggest issues we currently face is the impact of Brexit on honeybee importation, which can lead to ‘fake’ honey being sold in the UK. We need more beekeepers in this country to produce local, unadulterated honey that we can all enjoy.
“There are four hives containing around 10,000 bees per hive; one queen, 500 male drones and the rest female workers. Since they arrived, they appear to be settling in well and already producing honey. Buckfast bees were first developed by Brother Adam of Buckfast Abbey and are known to be excellent pollen collectors and peaceful in nature, producing high yields of honey.”
The hives have been placed on the west side of the Middle Bailey and are separated from the public areas of the site by mesh and a small fence – but bee activity is still easy to observe from the boundary.
World Bee Day was first declared in 2018 by the UN General Assembly, to take place every 20 May, raising the importance of bees to our planet and the challenges they face.
To honour this, the first 200 visitors on World Bee Day at the Castle received a free packet of wildflower seeds to plant at home and help attract bees to their garden.
David Johns, interim COO at Nottingham Castle, said:
“I am delighted to finally welcome our very own Castle bees to the grounds, and hope they are settling in well to their new homes. Biodiversity and environmental sustainability have always been part of the Castle Trust’s wider initiative and increasing wildlife in Nottingham city will benefit us all.
“I look forward to sampling the first batch of honey from our beehives and being able to share it with our visitors. Many thanks to Griff for all his hard work in making this possible.”
For further information and to book tickets please visit the Visit Nottinghamshire Website here.
Posted on 30 May 2022


For high quality hay and straw delivered across the UK, look no further than Mottram Hay & Straw.
Based in Shropshire, Mottram Hay & Straw have been producing and selling high quality hay, straw & haylage for over 40 years. We are delighted to hire out bales for weddings and other social events. We pride ourselves on our professional, reliable and friendly service, meaning we have developed long lasting relationships with our customers.
Mottram Hay & Straw are proud to supply the Royal Welsh Show, NSA ram sale, as well as many leading farmers and equestrian events throughout the UK. Mottram Hay & Straw were also the sole straw supplier to the Royal Show for 31 years.
Mottram Hay & Straw provide fodder and bedding to everyone from one horse customers to large farming enterprises - No Job is too small or large! We also provide general haulage throughout the UK on our fleet of 44 tonne flatbed trucks.
Address:Moat House, Stapleton, Dorrington, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, SY5 7EL


Large or small, greenhouses are a good choice for culture of warmer climate fish and plants. With the right combinations, the greenhouse can be in use year-round, and you can even develop a closed loop system within a greenhouse.
Many people set up very artificial systems within a greenhouse, and that is fine, if that is what you can build, but it is also possible to set up something much more natural and self-sustaining if you wished.
Greenhouses can be effectively used without heat, or with passive heat, and if you have the resources and something really worth doing, you can put in some kind of fueled heat - but I would not do so unless I knew that it would more than pay for itself. Energy is just too expensive to throw around, when a little creativity can avoid it.
For a Greenhouse system, TEMPERATURE is the big issue.
In the summer the greenhouse WILL OVERHEAT if it does not have both SHADE, and COOLING. Cooling is generally done by fans, and the shade should be OUTSIDE, not INSIDE, which means, a shad cover thrown over and tied down is more effective than a shade cover fastened INSIDE the greenhouse. Shade is more effective if applied BEFORE the heat magnifies.
In the winter, even a well insulated greenhouse can freeze overnight. It is good at GENERATING heat in the daytime, but it is not good at RETAINING heat overnight. So winter extremes may be BOTH too cold, and too hot, for some kinds of aquatic life.
Fish and plants tend to be either WARM CLIMATE, or COOL CLIMATE, and they are RARELY a thing that can handle extremes of temperatures.
The greenhouse environment is best when maintained for the winter, and removed for the summer, and that's a royal pain. In the far north, a greenhouse can operate all year for temperate livestock.
Water mass is a good passive heat reservoir, and it can serve as a heat sink. All this means is that for temperature regulation, large amounts of water work better than small ones.
Aquaponics Anywhere is located in the United States.


Welcome to the Walton Farms home page. We sell pumpkins during the Fall until the day after Halloween. We have been running this farm for many years. And growing pumpkins for the past 5 years. If our pumpkin patch is not the one you are looking for, or it is not in your area, then please visit www.pickyourown.org to see other pumpkin patches in your area.
Walton Farms Pumpkin Patch is now open!
Opening in October 2014
Well Halloween is a few months away, but with the pumpkins and corn growing we are busy preparing for the upcoming season. We participated in the Camas Days Parade and was nice to see a lot of you there, thank you for your support! We look forward to seeing you in October. Check back later to see all the fun things we have planned for this year!


[See UPDATE at bottom]
…are the most genetically modified crops out there, due to their being used in vast quantities by animal farmers and their wanting the stuff cheap and easy to grow, regardless of the health consequences. So those two crops, when not grown organically, are heavily modified.
Monsanto’s glyphosate is the chemical at issue here…it’s also known as Roundup®, which is the most used herbicide in the USA and is being used increasingly around the world. “Roundup-ready” genetically engineered crops are grown from seeds engineered to contain a gene from “Agrobacteria.” That genetic modification makes the food crops resistant to glyphosate, meaning that only unwanted foliage cannot survive, serving to keep the food crops pure and most profitable. Users of Roundup-ready seeds are required to treat their crops with Roundup®. Corn and soy are the primary Roundup-ready crops, since, again, they’re the mainstays in the diets of “food animals.”
Of course, the manufacturer of glyphosate says it is beneficial and relatively harmless, so if you’d like to see that side, simply Google “Monsanto’s statement about glyphosate.”
Canola oil is another item which is heavily modified using Roundup® on the rapeseed crops, so it’s also wise to avoid anything but 100% organic non-GMO canola oil, if you use that oil at all.
What’s wrong with glyphosate?
[See UPDATE at bottom]
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide which is said by some scientists to disrupt the way the body manages sulfur. Autism, for example, is associated with poor sulfur metabolism. Glyphosate also supposedly causes aluminum to be more toxic in the body, which is a great health concern due to the aluminum in vaccines.
Glyphosate is said by some to kill beneficial bacteria in the gut which allows pathogens (disease-causing bacteria) like C. difficile to overgrow which leads to “leaky gut syndrome” and indirectly promotes aluminum uptake by cells. All this can lead to kidney failure which leads to aluminum retention in tissues (including the brain) which can lead to dementia, a.k.a. Alzheimer’s disease.
Some scientists also claim that glyphosate disrupts the “shikimate pathway” in our guts and depletes our tryptophan, which is the precursor to melatonin. Melatonin transports sulfate into the brain and reduces heavy metal toxicity in the body. Good stores of melatonin are said to bind to toxic metals like aluminum, lead, etc., and reduce their toxic effects in the body. But unfortunately, those scientists (Samsel and Seneff) get much of their data from animal studies. But if the above is true for humans, our being low in melatonin can bring on a lot of damage.
Vegan foods (preferably organic) high in Tryptophan are: Nuts, Seeds, Tofu & Soy, Oats, Beans, Lentils
Foods (preferably organic) high in Melatonin are: Pineapples, Bananas, Oranges, Oats, Sweet Corn, Rice, Tomatoes, Barley
So, especially for anything containing corn, soy products or canola oil, just be sure it’s labeled 100% organic and non-GMO and you should avoid any problems related to glyphosate. If corn, soy or canola oil are listed in ingredients without the terms “organic” and “non-GMO,” simply avoid that product to help protect your health.
It makes one wonder how the animals and the animal products most people consume are affected by this herbicide. Surely some of the common illnesses farm animals suffer are due to glyphosate in all that corn and soy, among many other unhealthy practices. It’s likely that the meat, milk and eggs that come from these intensive farms has harmful effects, in concentrated form, for people who consume them. Sorry for the following image, but this is the reality…
UPDATE: Current related article concerning suspicions of people developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (a form of cancer) as a result of exposure to glyphosate, despite the findings from animal studies which concluded that the herbicide would not cause cancer in humans: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/business/monsanto-roundup-safety-lawsuit.html Another case where animal testing is shown to be unscientific and dangerous, aside from the sadistic cruelty perpetrated by “human” beings against the innocent and helpless.


Put the Garlic Mustard plant (roots and all!) into a trash bag (not provided) or directly into the blue barrels Red-tail has placed along the trail. The barrels will be periodically emptied by Red-tail staff.
This is a Do-It-Yourself habitat restoration volunteer opportunity that fits your schedule while also protecting wildlife habitat.
Garlic Mustard is a highly invasive and destructive weed. Its rapid early growth prevents our native plants from thriving by blocking vital sunlight and outcompeting them for moisture and nutrients. With a forest floor choked by plants that do not meet the needs of native wildlife, this single plant species can disrupt an entire ecosystem.
It takes persistence to fully eradicate garlic mustard. Anyone can join us in the rewarding work of pulling this disastrous weed before it seeds near the end of May.
Pictures and information on how to identify garlic mustard can be found HERE and is also taped to the barrels.


Growing under glass or terrarium offers an original solution to the problem of too dry air in our homes since it provides plants with high humidity. It allows to cultivate more demanding plants. In addition, the terrarium is very decorative and offers good gift to people allergic to pollen flowers. Here is a nice assortment of plant under glass, very popular, as much for the house as the office Note that the pot size is approximately 12 “x 6” It may happen that we have to change certain characteristics so that the composition or the gift is delivered on time and according to the availability. We take great care to ensure that your order is as close as possible to the product you ordered.


Genetically Modified Food: A Field of Dreams?
This event was held on Wednesday, February 9, 2000, sponsored by the St. Lawrence Centre Forum in cooperation with Science for Peace, the Toronto Food Policy Council and the Toronto Board of Health. Panellists were: Edwin Daniel (Science for Peace, Professor Emeritus, Dept. Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University), Peter Hannam (President, First Line Seeds, Ontario Farmer), Rod MacRae (Food policy consultant; co-author of Real Food for a Change), and Bart Bilmer (Biotechnology Officer, Canadian Food Inspection Agency).
This was an enormously successful event. The entire auditorium at the St. Lawrence Centre was filled ( >500 people). Ed Daniel, who is also the co-chair of the Science for Peace Working Group on Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, began the presentations and outlined the a number aspects of GM foods that warrant concern. These included the unpredictable outcomes of introducing novel genetic elements into plants for large scale use, the probability of transmission between plants varieties and the lack of government regulations controlling the use of GM foods. This latter point is particularly pertinent given that the European Union last week, passed a motion which essentially states that “GM producers.. .should not be held legally responsible if their food turned out to be harmful for humans or the environment” (The Guardian, April 20, 2000; Vol. 162/No. 17). We learn several pages later in the same issue that an employee at a U.K.-based seed company had been found guilty of altering data at in order to make a particular crop appear to perform better than it actually did. Given the reliance of the Canadian regulatory agencies on data concerning yields and safety provided by the seed companies, these issues are particularly important.
Countering Ed Daniel’s position, Peter Hannam outlined the beneficial aspects of a number of GM plants in which he has experience. His main position was that the modifications introduced produced varieties of plants which were extremely resistant to pests and are therefore beneficial to farmers in Canada and indeed around the world. He also argued that use of these plants had the desirable effect of reducing overall chemical inputs, specifically in the context of pest control. Finally, he discussed the other potential beneficial uses such as the introduction of rice varieties which contained unique nutrients such as vitamin A. This, he proposed, would be of great benefit to populations existing on limited diets deficient in good sources of these nutrients.
Following the very technical description by Bart Bilmer, of the regulatory process for approving GM foods in Canada, Rod MacRae spent the remaining portion of the panellists’ time describing a large number of data that refute the predictions of the benefits of GM foods. He pointed out that analyses of large scale usage did not show increase in crop yields nor a decrease in pesticide use. In fact, many examples opposite to these predictions can be found. These are well documented and quantified in his co-authored book.
The extremely proactive audience at this event asked a wide range of questions, most of them biased against genetic modification of plants and food for human consumption. It was also pointed out that the concentration of patent rights in the same companies that control seed and food distribution as well as pesticide and energy production create a dangerous situation for many populations on the planet who have already been marginalized due to aggressive agricultural and economic policies of the northern nations. In addition, it was suggested to Bart Bilrner that introduction of modified foods to populations living in poverty was unlikely to change their overall lack of health since the lack of a reasonable diet is but a symptom of the problem of poverty. Readers are encouraged to look at the Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Working Group Web Site for more information and action in this area.


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Agricultural Entrepreneurship | Agripreneurship: Meaning, Characteristics & Examples – Agriculture markets and the international trade of agricultural goods have seen significant changes during the past 30 years. Because local and national markets are giving way to a global economy, agricultural entrepreneurship is also known as agripreneurship. That’s why it is crucial and it has vast entrepreneurial opportunities.
Through this article, we are going to quickly look about;
Agricultural Entrepreneurship Overview
Agricultural Entrepreneurship Overview – Agriculture is one of the largest industries in the world. It contributes 3% of the world’s GDP. Includes employs more than one billion people. Fisheries, farming, and forestry all fall under the category of agripronership. Employs over 26% of all employees worldwide, according to data from the International Labor Organization. This amply indicates the enormous influence this field has on the world.
Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia supply up to 80% of the world’s food through smallholder farming. It is essential to preserving the lives of about 2 billion people globally (2021). Despite the significance of smallholder farmers, they struggle with several issues, including;
- Poor infrastructure
- Lack of access to markets information
- Effects of climate change
Around 500 million small farms worldwide do not make enough money to raise their family beyond the poverty line according to the International Fund for Agricultural Development (2021).
Enhancing smallholder farmers’ participation in the market is widely acknowledged as a key component of improving their standard of living. According to Food and Agriculture Organization Smallholders can access new technology and information, generate larger profits for their goods, and generally become more productive through market connections (2021).
Agricultural Entrepreneurship | Agripreneurship: Meaning
Agripreneurship Meaning – The tremendous opportunities present in the agricultural sector have allowed the promotion of agripreneurship. Several agripreneurial areas offer promising opportunities for entrepreneurs and investors looking to enter the agricultural industry. These areas include;
- Contract farming
- Direct and retail marketing
- Organic production and food chains
- Pesticide and bio-fertilizer production and marketing
- Post-harvest management
- Research and development
- Seed processing
- Soil testing laboratories
- Thermo foam tray production
- Agri-eco tourism
- Vegetable production and marketing
- Veterinary clinics
The ability to launch, organize, and manage a new company venture to turn a profit is known as entrepreneurship. Agripreneurship, often known as agricultural entrepreneurship, deals with the production and selling of various agricultural goods and inputs. The majority of smallholder farmers raise food for their families, but almost all of them also sell a portion of it to different marketplaces, and the amount of market sales is rising. Smallholder farmers are therefore trying to become, or are already agricultural businesses.
An entrepreneur whose company is engaged in agriculture or agribusiness is known as an agripreneur. A good agripreneur must be able to maintain consistency, think creatively, work smartly, take calculated risks, communicate effectively, and identify market opportunities. The vast prospects offered by the agricultural industry have made agripreneurship more popular.
Everyone, including progressive farmers, unemployed agricultural graduates, retirees living in their home countries, cooperatives, and self-help organizations, can be agripreneur. Agripreneurship calls for turning agriculture into a marketable and lucrative business. Agri-elements including water, seed, soil, and market demands can be effectively managed to maximize the entrepreneurial potential of the agriculture industry.
As a result, agriculturally related entrepreneurial activities provide a means of increasing household income. The expanding demands of agribusiness could be supported by government initiatives and good managerial abilities and entrepreneurial know-how.
Farmers’ entrepreneurship differs from other forms of entrepreneurship due to the unique characteristics of farmers’ entrepreneurs, the rural setting, and the variability of the dynamic capabilities created by their interaction. Farmers’ traits, organizational rules, and the environment for entrepreneurship can all have a strong influence on how they behave as entrepreneurs.
Why we Need Agripreneurship
In the current world, agriculture must compete with many issues, including globalization, market liberalization, climate instability, the depletion of natural resources, and urbanization. These difficulties have had a straightforward and indirect impact on the market, presenting opportunities as well as hazards for farmers, particularly smallholders. However, market-oriented agriculture is spreading as we become more conscious of the vital role that smallholder agriculture plays in economic development and rural development.
Agripreneurship is one strategy for overcoming these difficulties. This strategy can promote social and economic advancement, reduce poverty, and provide food security and nutritious food. Additionally, by presenting employment and entrepreneurial opportunities, it enables the diversification of the economy and income sources.
Farmers are converting to commercial farming techniques in many emerging nations. Three major factors are what is driving this trend.
1. To feed their family, farmers must use more intense production techniques because the amount of arable land is shrinking.
2. Pressure to raise productivity and output to keep up with increased food demand is brought on by fast urbanization and population growth.
3. Finally, farmers are anticipated to create higher incomes as communities modernize to keep up with the rising costs of communication, transportation, and medical care while keeping their cultural traditions.
To sustain their livelihoods and satisfy the rising food demand in these quickly appearing nations, farmers must adopt more effective farming approaches.
Let’s illustrate this with a few examples. For example, in Uganda, the government supports the growth of agripreneurs by contributing resources like finance and training. John is a smallholder farmer who launched a chicken company and is a beneficiary of this initiative. He started selling eggs and chickens at the neighborhood market after using the money to buy chicks and feed. His company has expanded, and he can now support his family and a large staff.
Another illustration is the shift by smallholder farmers in India from conventional to high-value crops like fruits and vegetables. They can increase their income and diversify their products by doing this. Government measures that promote access to markets, financing, and technology help with this shift.
You can see that agripreneurship can help address the issues that now confront agriculture and give farmers the chance to maintain their way of life while also promoting economic growth and progress.
Agricultural Entrepreneurship Characteristics
Historic Business Sectors in the World
Human civilization has historically relied on agriculture. It is also one of the biggest, employing over 1 billion people worldwide. The process of starting and operating an agriculture-based firm is referred to as agricultural entrepreneurship. It’s understandable why so many individuals are drawn to this field given its extensive past and promising future.
Use of New Technological Developments
The agricultural sector is evolving due to new technological advancements. Modern genetic engineering and precision farming methods are only two examples of how technology is helping farmers become more effective, productive, and environmentally friendly. The main goal of agricultural entrepreneurship is to embrace this new technology and use them to develop original solutions to contemporary issues.
Some examples of technology usage in modern agriculture include Precision agriculture, automated machinery, Biotechnology, Drones usage, and Agri related Data analytics. These are just a few examples of the many ways that technology is being used in modern agriculture to improve efficiency, sustainability, and productivity.
Easy to Start Entrepreneurial Career
It’s not difficult to begin a career in agriculture entrepreneurship. Farmers can begin with low-cost, small-scale endeavors like backyard gardens or neighborhood farmers’ markets. After that, they can progressively broaden their business and change up their product offerings to appeal to new audiences. There are many prospects for farmers to be successful in this industry given the rising demand for regional and organic food.
Lack of Entrepreneurial Skills
Farmers frequently lack the entrepreneurship skills needed to operate a successful business. They might not have any background in management, finance, or marketing. However, agricultural entrepreneurship necessitates a distinct set of industry-specific knowledge and skills.
Farmers may lack entrepreneurial skills for several reasons: Lack of training, Focus on production, Limited access to information and resources, Risk aversion, and Cultural factors. Addressing these challenges can help to support the growth of agricultural entrepreneurship and promote more sustainable and innovative farming practices. It is crucial to offer them training and resources.
Strengthening the Local & Global Food Security
Agricultural entrepreneurship can improve both national and international food security. Farmers can increase local food production and decrease their reliance on imports by utilizing available resources and undeveloped land. This strengthens the local economy and creates more job prospects. Farmers can also contribute by guaranteeing long-term food security for future generations by sustainably growing food.
Generating More Job Opportunities
Entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector contributes significantly to economic output and employment. Workers are required in more occupations as the industry expands, including production, processing, marketing, and distribution. By creating more work opportunities, agricultural entrepreneurship can help reduce poverty and stimulate economic growth in rural areas.
Potential to Create Innovations
Agricultural entrepreneurship has the potential to develop ground-breaking answers to contemporary issues. Value-added items made by farmers include organic fertilizers, biofuels, and nutritious foods. These goods help the environment and public health in addition to giving farmers more sources of revenue. Agricultural entrepreneurs have the opportunity to make a major difference because of the wide range of options in this industry.
Related to Emerging Entrepreneurial Fields
The fields of green entrepreneurship, sustainable entrepreneurship, and social entrepreneurship are all interconnected with agricultural entrepreneurship. Agricultural entrepreneurs may improve the environment, society, and economy by emphasizing sustainability, social responsibility, and innovation.
Implementing procedures that lessen waste and encourage conservation is one-way agricultural enterprises contribute to sustainability. For instance, using organic agricultural methods can assist in lowering the usage of hazardous chemicals that are harmful to both the environment and human health. By adopting renewable energy sources and putting into place water conservation measures, farming operations can also lessen their carbon footprint.
Agricultural entrepreneurship can enhance social responsibility by enhancing farmers’ and local communities’ quality of life in addition to advancing sustainability. For instance, establishing regional markets for agricultural products can assist farmers in receiving a fair price for their harvests and promote regional economic growth. Agribusiness owners can also put in place initiatives that help farmers become more productive and profitable by offering them support and training.
Facing Ecological Threats
Environmental hazards to agricultural entrepreneurship include soil erosion, water scarcity, and climate change. Adopting sustainable and regenerative practices that can lessen these threats is therefore crucial. Agricultural enterprises may help protect the environment and guarantee long-term food security by using sustainable practices.
Promoting sustainable farming practices, encouraging the use of renewable energy, implementing precision farming technologies, supporting agroforestry, and investing in research and development are the go through ways to overcome ecological threats in agripreneurship.
Agricultural Entrepreneurship Examples
A contemporary agricultural practice known as “vertical farming” entails employing artificial lighting and regulated settings to produce crops in vertical layers. With this novel method, farmers can grow their crops year-round, in cities, and with less water and land use.
Sustainable Livestock Farming
Utilizing cutting-edge techniques, sustainable livestock farming raises animals in a humane and environmentally friendly manner. This includes rotating pastures, using fewer antibiotics, and cutting back on waste and emissions.
Utilizing technology in precision agriculture helps to increase crop yields and decrease waste. To acquire information and determine the best course of action for planting, fertilizing, and harvesting, this includes using GPS-guided equipment, sensors, and drones.
Startups in the agtech industry employ technology to address issues in the industry. These startups frequently concentrate on creating innovative technologies that boost productivity, cut waste, and raise revenue. The development of field of technopreneurship is a great way for agtech entrepreneurs.
Finally, agricultural entrepreneurship is a vital component of modern agriculture that enables farmers and agribusinesses to continue to be successful and competitive. To create and put into exercise sustainable innovations that benefit both the farmer and the environment, it is crucial to think creatively, take calculated business risks, be resilient, and be passionate.
In this article, we covered a summary of agricultural entrepreneurship, its definition, the necessity of agripreneurship, its traits, and some examples of agripreneurship. What are your opinions on agripreneurship or agricultural entrepreneurship then? Write In our comment area.


No, little worm, you need not slip
Into your hole, with such a skip;
Drawing the gravel as you glide
On to your smooth and slimy side.
I’m not a crow, poor worm, not I,
Peeping about your holes to spy,
And fly away with you in air,
To give my young ones each a share.
O no, I’m only looking about,
To see you wriggle in and out,
And drawing together your slimy rings,
Instead of feet, like other things:
So, little worm, don’t slide and slip
Into your hole, with such a skip!
Worms play an important role in the garden. As Charles Darwin once said, "They are the intestines of the Earth." These little 'soil farmers' provide many benefits to plants and to us just by simply living, eating and reproducing.
Some of the wonderful things worms do in the garden:
- Worms eat old plant material and food scraps left over in the soil and break them down
- Worm castings or 'poop' provide food and nutrients for the plants to grow
- When worms wiggle through the soil the tunnels they leave behind allow air and water to filter into the ground and loosen the soil for plant roots to grow
To learn more about worms here are some cool links to check out:
To learn more about where your food comes from watch this fun video and song from the Banana Slug String Band:


Submitted by admin on Fri, 04/18/2014 - 15:30
The action of cultivating land, or the state of being cultivated
The economy was based largely on rice cultivation.
At present, however, only about 10 percent of the nation's agricultural land is under cultivation, and subsistence farming is all but dead.
The 3,000 students the academy will be able to take will also learn animal husbandry and crop cultivation to help themselves out of poverty.
There is not a land shortage, but not all arable land is under cultivation.


With so many options of lawn spreaders on the market, here is a broken down last of their utilization, so that you can know what is best for your outdoor space:
Walk Behind Lawn Spreaders
These are great for those looking to spread fertilizer over wide area of grass.
These are similar to the walk behind ones, yet drop fertilizer and more controlled spots than you can get from a walk behind.
These are typically the most easy to use, and are typically easier to store. They work similarly to the first two and help cover large areas quickly.
Liquid Spray Spreaders
These are best utilized when you want to get even coverage quickly using a garden hose.
Small Handheld Lawn Spreaders
These are ideal for smaller lawns, or for the hard to reach patches of grass that the larger ones can’t get to easily.
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Wildflower Earth™ Installation
About the Product
One of the key benefits of Wildflower Earth™ is the significantly reduced need for ground preparation when compared with seeding wildflowers or laying turf. This results in substantial savings in labour and machinery costs, as well as minimising soil disturbance and the potential for weed ingress.
Wildflower Earth™ is typically delivered in 1m³ bulk bags that weigh approximately 400kg per bag. One bulk bag will cover 40m² when laid at a depth of 25mm. Larger orders can be supplied using bulker lorries. You can store this product for up to a month in a cool dry dark place and call it off as required.
- Prepare the site by spraying off the area with Glyphosate systemic herbicide (e.g. Roundup). Allow time for the chemical to work (see label but typically one week) and if necessary remove all the dead material.
- Do not rotovate or cultivate the soil surface if possible to ensure you do not stimulate the existing weed seed burden in the soil.
- Lay the Wildflower Earth™ on the soil surface to a depth of 25mm and rake level. Accuracy of depth gives optimum seed and nutrient distribution.
- Once laid a light roll will help to consolidate the seed bed.
- Water it in and leave to germinate and establish.
- Spot removal of any minor weeds during seedling establishment may be necessary.
- Installation time is from March to October.
Cutting Cycle: Cut to 25mm height and remove every autumn (a summer cut to a height of 150mm is optional).
Watering: Initial watering may be required depending on installation date. Summer laying will require extra irrigation. If there are long periods of dry or windy weather before plant growth begins, watering is advised.
Installation - before growth
In 1st growing season
Images above are of varying age, taken at different times of year, reflect local site/ground conditions and historical maintenance regimes.