Thanks to the Friends of the Chatham Public Library, locally grown fruits and vegetables are available every Thursday through Field Goods:
- Field Goods is a year-round local produce delivery service; customers receive 5-8 different fruit and vegetables (depending on bag size), plus optional add-ons.
- Bags cost $16 to $32 per week, and can be put on hold at any time. It’s flexible!
- Field Goods purchases everything directly from over 80 small farms in the region.
- All of the produce is non-GMO, and most is organically grown.
- Order deadline for a Thursday delivery is Monday at 11:59 pm
TO SIGN UP
1. Go to Field-Goods.com
2. Click “Order Now”
3. Select “Public Locations” and pull down the menu for “Chatham”
4. Click the “Find Location”
5. Choose “Chatham Public Library” and follow the prompts.
Sign up through April 25 and receive a $10 credit in your account!


Kwekerij Siem Munster is an agricultural company that is specialized in growing tulips. The company is located North of Amsterdam, in the polder Wieringermeer, directly along the highway A7 (Groningen-Amsterdam).
With a team of employees varying from 3 to 30 persons, depending on the season, we make sure we produce around 8 million tulips in our greenhouses. Next to the cut flowers we grow around 40 Hectare of tulip bulbs in the fields, partly for our own greenhouse production, partly for wholesale.
Next to the tulip greenery we grow other agricultural products. We produce around 13 Hectare Spunta seed potatoes for export to countries like Algeria, Israel, Saoudi Arabië and Jamaica. We also grow wheat, grass seeds and sugar beets for crop rotation.
Next to the agricultural activities we organize excursions in the company, there is a camper park and we have meeting rooms for business relations.


Julie WilliamsVery prompt efficient service won’t hesitate to use again.also got family member using too.even had courtesy call to check I had received and was happy with my purchases.and if any problems just to get in touch.
Greentest Eco 5 Food Nitrate & Water Hardness Monitor
- Whats in the Box?
Greentest determines the content of nitrates in vegetables and fruits. The operating principle of the nitrate device GREENTEST is based on measuring the electrical conductivity of the fruit or vegetable. Each fruit or vegetable contains ions of salts of potassium, sodium, magnesium and fluoride. Using GREENTEST for measuring conductivity of fruits and vegetables, we can determine the number of ions of salts.
GREENTEST devices are calibrated on the basis of comparative results of the device and laboratory equipment. The analyses conducted in the certified laboratories showed that the component of nitrate ions typically account for over 98% of all conductive salts found in fruits and vegetables. The effect of ions on the final measurements of other salts is less than 2%, which is insignificant for our purposes.
According to the laboratory results, we have inserted in GREENTEST devices a number of dependencies of the measured conductivity on the concentration of nitrate ions, defined for various fruits and vegetables.
GREENTEST shows the result of express-analysis as the concentration of nitrate ions and it’s comparison with the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for the product which is measured.
The accuracy of GREENTEST measurements on nitrate content is 90%. This accuracy has been certified through a rigorous testing by international laboratories and specialized institutions.
- Greentest Eco5 is a device for quick test of nitrates in fresh fruit, vegetables, meat and water (3 Sec.), as well as for background radioactivity levels test (10 Sec.) and detection of objects, food, building materials and other items contaminated with radioactive elements.
- For measurement of beta -, gamma - and X-ray radiation, a highly sensitive Geiger Müller tube installed. Display of µSv/h and mR/hr.
- Of all the substances that are transferred to fruit and vegetables from fertilizers, nitrates are the most harmful if excess amounts are regularly consumed. Continuous intake of foods with high nitrate content may lead to an elevated risk of intestinal cancer, methemoglobinemia, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease or nitrate poisoning.
- The device is equipped with a database of 60 most common fruits and vegetables, and is calibrated on the basis of more than 1000 research in leading laboratories using spectrometric equipment.
- Easy to use with 2.4 "touchscreen display, display language: English, German, French, Arabic, Italian. Greentest Video: https://youtu.be/NUqjkLoJy98?t=3
|Nitrate measurement range||0 – 9999 mg/kg|
|The range of background radiation, µSv / h (µR / h)||0 – 9.99 (999.9)|
|Indication level range of the cumulative dose, µSv (µR)||0 – 999.99 (0 – 99999)|
|Measurement time||~ 3 sec.|
|Innacuracy of measurement||<10 %|
|Power source||Li-Ion battery|
|Battery capacity||720 mАh|
|Additional power source||USB|
|USB charge current||310 mA|
|USB power supply||5V|
|Usage time||up to 20 hours|
|TFT color display resolution||320х240|
|Operating temperature||0 – +60 °С|
The portable and easy to use Greentest device is an express 3-in-1 nitrate, water hardness and background radiation detector. By simply pressing the START button, you can determine in just 3 seconds the amount of nitrates in the food you eat and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the water you drink. Within 10 seconds you can also determine the background radiation levels of your immediate environment and particular objects. For better accuracy while conducting a nitrates test, we recommend you take into account the following measuring tips:
Testing tropical fruit, pomes and other fruits
Including: Pineapple, Jack Fruit, Citrus fruits, Kiwi, Pitaya, Banana, Star fruit (Carambola), Longan, Peach, Mangosteen, Mango, Apple, Pear, Strawberry, Grape.
All fruits in this category can be tested on any side by submerging the probe completely into the skin of the fruit. For very small fruit such as strawberries and grapes, only the first insertion can provide an accurate result. Due to cell destruction after the first measurement, subsequent measurements will provide an innacurate result.
Fruits with big stone(s) or seed(s) should be tested very carefully so the pin of the probe does not touch or comes close to the seed.
Step by step guide
- remove the green cap
- first clean the probe with a wet and then with a dry tissue
- switch on the device
- every time you switch on the device, a calibration is performed, so ensure that the probe is clean and it is not inserted into the testing product
- refer to settings for “units of weight” and convenient usage
- choose the product you are going to test from the device list
- now you can insert the probe into the product, the insertion depth should be full or above 10mm, the tip of the probe should be inserted into the solid mass (flesh) the tip should not come out of the plant, or be inserted into seeds, pits, or inner cavities
- press the “Start Test” button and hold the device steady during measurement
- wait 3 seconds and get the result
Refer to below instruction on how to conduct accurate testing without any mistakes for every type of product.
• Greentest Eco5 Portable Nitrate and Radiation Detector
• USB cable
• User manual
• Warranty card


For decades, I have been wondering how so many imported rice were allowed to flood the Nigerian food market unabated. The excuses I got were either flippant (to say the least) or untenable. Not until I stumbled on a classic write-up by Ray Ekpu (one of my favourite writers during the era of Newswatch Magazine). It sums up virtually everything I need to know.
I guess you will enjoy it too…
During the Second Republic there was some bit of cash to throw around because crude oil was doing its duty well: bringing in the dollars. But there was not much food, not for the stomach, not for the refuse bin. The government came up with an answer. It had promised during the campaigns to usher in an unspoiled paradise. Time to deliver. It decided to import rice from all corners of the globe.
At the cabinet meeting where the proposal was tabled a young Cabinet Minister made a suggestion that the government should invest the money in rice production rather than importation. He was just barking up the wrong tree. His sensible suggestion was brushed aside. It was easy to yield to the importation impulse because rice importers were already on the queue, salivating and those who benefit from the kickbacks were also on their own queues, salivating.
Nigeria brought into the country rice from every conceivable part of the planet – Uncle Ben’s rice from America and Thailand parboiled rice from Thailand. We made rice producers in other countries rich and rice producers in Nigeria poor from non-patronage. Our ports were choked. The press named it the “rice armada.”
The young cabinet minister who made that heretical statement must have had a stab in the heart when the imported rice choked our ports. That man is, today, Nigeria’s Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development: Audu Ogbeh.
Ogbeh brings to the table his experience in politics as chairman of the PDP and in Agriculture as a cashew nut and poultry farmer. He now has a chance to step up to the plate. He is now swallowing his own medicine by turning vigorously to the idea of producing rather than importing food which in the last three decades or so has gulped about $22 billion yearly of Nigeria’s scarce resources.
I find the new agriculture architecture interesting. It seems to be organised in concentric circles. In the innermost circle is the Life Improvement Family Enterprise (LIFE), a programme that attempts to empower youths and women in the rural areas for subsistence farming. The target is to directly empower three million rural youths and women so that they can produce about 14 million metric tonnes of food in the 9,975 council wards across the 774 local government areas. The outer circle is populated by the state governments and private sector entrepreneurs who produce rice and other consummables in commercial quantity.
States such as Kebbi, Nasarawa, Ebonyi etc are already making big strides in rice production. Private sector entrepreneurs such as Aliko Dangote, Cosmas Maduka and Olam in Nasarawa State are weighing in with huge investments in rice production. The state governments and the big private sector companies are engaged in mechanised farming which will vastly improve food availability.
The Federal Government’s Mechanisation Intervention Programme, we learn, involves the distribution of 6,000 tractors and 13,000 harvest and post-harvest equipment units to the various states of the federation. With all these plans in place Ogbeh believes Nigeria will be self-sufficient in rice production by the end of this year.
For many Nigerians imported products are an exhilarating status symbol whether the quality is better than the local product or not. Take rice for example. Locally produced rice is healthier and more nutritious than the imported, polished rice. Some people claim that the imported rice is less expensive than the local rice.
It is up to our rice producers to ensure that they do not price themselves out of the market. It is also the responsibility of government to ensure that the country is not flooded with inferior food items from abroad that are sold cheaply at the expense of good quality local products. Did you not read of jollof rice imported from India into Nigeria?


- No fix date to apply
- International Certification from Italian Universities
- Fee: 300 Euros
Concerned about the impact of global value chains on local food production?
Our 40-hour course is for you. You’ll learn about the evolution of legal rules that prevent the spread of invasive alien species in our food.
You’ll also explore the expansion strategies of food multinationals, gaining a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities presented by global value chains in the food industry.
With expert guidance, you’ll discover ways to promote sustainable practices in the food industry and prevent the loss of one-third of food production globally.
Join us to become part of the solution for a more sustainable future in our food systems. Don’t miss this opportunity to make a positive impact on the world while also preparing for new jobs for your future.
*No fixed date to apply
*International Certification from Italian Universities
*Fee: 300 Euros


ROOTS - 3
One day the Collector of Kaira received telegraphic instructions to send a non-official representative to attend an investiture ceremony of Krishi Pandits at Rashtrapati Bhavan. The date of the ceremony was four days ahead.
Rapidly, the Collector conferred with the Secretary and the Deputy Chairman of his district’s Rural Development Board. They agreed with him that it would be fitting to send a genuine farmer to represent the district. The Collector recalled talking to a sturdy agriculturist during a recent village inspection. He suggested that this farmer be sent to Delhi. Although, or perhaps because, the farmer was of a community generally disprized, the two politicos agreed.
Straightaway, the three drove to the village, persuaded the bewildered farmer to undertake the journey to distant Delhi – he who had never seen a habitation larger than the pilgrim centre of Dakor, some forty kilometres away – got an achkan stitched for him, and procured him footwear. In 48 hours he was put on the mail train to Delhi, accompanied by an Agricultural Officer instructed to escort him to Rashtrapati Bhavan, show him the sights of Delhi, and return him to his village. This speed-of-light activity was a fantastic adventure for all involved: the farmer, the villagers, the officials.
When the farmer came back, he was a changed man, no longer diffident. After seeing what importance was accorded to farming by the great Panditji himself, Jawaharlal Nehru, who had shaken him by the hand and inquired about his farm and his family, this farmer was more attached than ever to his occupation. [He grew a fragrant rice of which he sent a sack to the Collector.]
The story of the farmer’s adventure came to be told all over the district. It caused other members of his community to feel uplifted. It encouraged all agriculturists. And it earned the district administration goodwill.
These photographs are from the time when her father was Collector of Ahmedabad. In addition to handling the daily threats posed by the Mahagujarat agitation – which makes matter for a fine long tale of daring, Odyssean cunning, integrity and fortitude – he had his village inspections. There was the importance of cleanliness to be stressed; there was a water supply system to be set up so that women need no longer tramp to the well and bicker when there; there were villagers to be honoured for some distinction or other; and then he drove away, but not before accepting a bunch of greenery from a village child!


When will the system be available for commercial use?
We expect to have an operational system in 2024.
What makes Nanovel’s solution so unique?
Nanovel’s machine is designed to be able to penetrate and pick fruit in deep foliage, while maintaining high productivity without sacrificing the harvest quality.
What types of fruit can be harvested with Nanovel’s robot?
The first application will be for citrus harvest, but the machine is designed to be able to harvest other fruits in the future, such as mango, avocado, stone fruit, pomegranate and others.
What are the benefits of using an autonomous harvesting machine?
Nanovel’s robot will provide reliability and predictability of harvest scheduling. In addition, the collection and analysis of big data, will allow to monitor quality and productivity in real-time
Why did you decide to build an autonomous fruit tree harvester?
Harvesting is a serious threat to the future of supply of tree fruit in developed countries, automation of the process seems the only way to secure the supply.
What is the demand for such a machine?
A solution by such machine will be serving a multi -billion dollar market, that is currently relying on manual picking.
Won’t this put farm workers out of a job?
No, as it would shift the available labor to a more friendly and rewarding farming tasks.
How quickly does your harvester pick fruit?
@common Arms configuration ~ 0.7-1.0 pick/Sec.
Is the tree or the fruit damaged during picking?
The fruit remains in a much better condition compared to the damage by manual picking.
What impact on nutritional value of the fruit does machine harvesting have?
The harvesting machine has no impact on the nutritional value of the fruit.


Each spring the Champaign County Audubon Society awards ornithological research grants in memory of Charles S. Kendeigh. An ornithologist of international stature, Dr. Kendeigh was one of our founding members. Congratulations go to Cassandra Wilcoxen and Brett Dorak as recipients of the grant award in 2016.
Cassandra Wilcoxen is a student at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign working towards a
Master of Science in the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences. Cassandra’s
study will examine the use of cover crops on agricultural fields and whether they are beneficial to
birds during spring migration. The goal of her research is to identify which farming practices benefit
birds most, so that farmers can be provided with better recommendations to support higher bird
abundance and diversity in a landscape largely dominated by row-crop agriculture. This is Cassandra’s
second year receiving the Kendeigh Grant for research on cover crops, and the project has been
expanded by adding more sites for a larger sample size than last year. The grant funds will cover
travel to the study sites and the hiring of a part-time field technician to assist in data collection.
Brett Dorak is also pursuing a Master of Science in the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental
Sciences at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. His project will examine wintering
ecology of urban populations of Canada geese, with the goal of investigating the movements
of wintering goose populations and their use of thermal refuges in the Greater Chicago Metropolitan
Area. Brett will fit geese with transmitters in order to track their movements throughout the winter
and record habitat types and characteristics preferred by the geese. Better understanding ecological
factors influencing the use of thermal refuges can also help in developing strategies to influence
their movements, for example in the vicinity of airports where airstrikes may occur. The grants funds
awarded to Brett’s project will help cover costs of data plans for transmitters used in the study.


I have heard one of the ways to restore gut flora is to eat food right out of the garden, so I am looking for something to do during the winter months. I was thinking of trying to do an herb garden. I know the main benefit is from eating the vegetables from the soil, so what should I use to grow the herbs. Should I use and organic mix that I buy or should I go get some soil from my outdoor garden. It's warm right now so I could do that. Do you have any input with this?
What a fun idea. I've not tried using outdoor soil indoors. If you buy a mix it will be sterilized for easier seed germination. I personally would try the real live stuff first but as I say, I've not done it. There are tutorials on Youtube for setting up winter indoor gardens.
Soil based microorganisms from Nature are a great source. And for therapeutic levels we also have this product in a capsule as well as the more conventional probiotics.
Fermented vegetables, kimchi, sauerkraut, water kefir drinks, and kombucha are also healthy foods to try to diversify your intestinal flora.
Take good care,
Thanks Tarilee, I'll give it a try!!
I am so super sensitive to everything I wanted to start out slower and go with the vegetables out of the garden for a little while before I introduced the SBX, but I definitely wanted to add it in later on. Or do you think the SBX would be the way to go first?
We usually suggest it in Phase 3 so no harm in waiting if you're just starting out. You've got the other probiotics, yes?


Production of valuable materials using plants
Transgenic technology for plants provides an inexpensive and large-scale production of valuable recombinant proteins, especially pharmaceuticals (called molecular farming). We have attempted to produce different pharmaceuticals, such as antibodies, cytokines and vaccine components, by using different transgenic plants species (strawberry, tobacco, rice, potato, etc.).
We are also developing the molecular technologies concerning the production of plant-made pharmaceuticals. The researches about mass-production of recombinant proteins, plant virus vectors and gene silencing in plants have been progressed.
P: aFGF produced by E. coli; 1: Inoculated leaf; 2: Upper leaf; 3: Healthy plant; 4: Leaf inoculated with empty vector. The E. coli-produced aFGF was detected at 16 kDa because it is a truncated form. The in planta-produced aFGFs were observed at 17.5 kDa, which is the full-length aFGF size.
Effects of aFGF produced in plants on BAE cell proliferation.
 Development of closed-type production system for cultivation of transgenic plants
We are developing a closed-type production system for transgenic plants which produce recombinant pharmaceuticals. Now, the facility for verification is operating at AIST Hokkaido center. This facility consists of two areas, namely, transgenic plant cultivation area and pharmaceutical production area. In this facility, transgenic plants (such as strawberry, rice and potato) which produce pharmaceuticals (such as therapeutic antibodies, cytokines or vaccine components) can be cultivated in a completely artificial environment condition by using hydroponic culture system, furthermore, the pharmaceuticals could be purified from cultivated plants. In cultivation area, temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, etc. could be controlled automatically. To prevent genetic contamination, pollens are removed by HEPA filter (High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter) from air, and culture solution and waste materials are discarded after sterilization. At pharmaceutical production area, extraction and processing of pharmaceuticals from cultivated plants are preformed. This area is kept highly clean air condition (Class 100).
This facility won the Good Design Gold Prize 2007.


There are many ways to become part of our initiative. We are excited about any message, about any kind of support and, of course, about any donation!
Trees for Brazil!
The reason for building our tree nursery is to supply the peasants of the region with seedlings of fruit bearing trees and tree crops, which grow well in that region, such as Caju, Pinha, or Graviola.
Planted on a field, these little trees need 1 to 2 years to grow in a way that the first few fruits may be harvested. In the meantime, the peasants irrigate and protect the seedlings.
As soon as the fruit can be harvested, the families are free to sell the fruit in order to add to their living or to supply their families with healthier and vitamin-packed food. The crop plants are used to produce stakes for fences or animal food. Furthermore, the trees provide shade for humans and animals.
We also managed to solve a beekeeping problem by growing a special kind of crop plant: during the dry season, the bee colonies often don't find food, since many trees don't bloom in that period. For this reason, we also grow trees in our reforestation project which are in full bloom only in the dry season.
|Year||Trees and Seedlings|
|2010||25,000 planned, only planted 10,000 due to drought|
|2013||100,000 planned, only planted 50,000 due to drought|
Please help us!
Tree Nursery: For every euro we recieve, we can produce 3 seedlings including plantation. (mixed calculation, depends on the kind of tree). The money is necessary to buy the seeds. The seedlings are grown 2 to 8 months, depending on the kind of tree, delivered to the family and planted on-site.
For a donation of 120 Euros (about 160 US dollars), 33 Cents per day, we will plant a tree on you behalf every single day during 2014!
For more pictures from our tree projects, please see our gallery.


At NetaGenomiX we connect disruptive gene-editing technology with regenerative agriculture, to develop climate-smart, non-GMO, sustainable and nutritious crops that are rewarding to both the farmer and the consumer.
NetaGenomiX aims to develop, grow and supply superior annual and perennial, high-yielding, sustainable crop varieties, better adapted to climate change, with improved nutritional and health properties.
In the realm of gene-editing of crop plants, a critical challenge lies in unveiling the multitude of agricultural traits concealed within gene families. These hidden characteristics hold the key to crop resilience and nutritional values, yet they remain elusive due to complex genetic shielding.
At NetaGenomiX, we are revolutionizing plant genetics and breeding by tapping into the uncharted 80% of the plant genome that is currently inaccessible and is far beyond the reach of both traditional plant breeding and current genome editing methods.
We employ precise, targeted genomic modifications, simultaneously accessing multiple gene families, and uncovering phenotypes hidden by genetic redundancy.
We are significantly more effective than any other current genome editing technology
A new, large-scale genetic modification method developed in Tel Aviv makes it possible to reveal the role and properties of duplicated genes in plants
Researchers from Tel Aviv University have said that the development is expected to revolutionize the enhancement processes of agricultural crops


Christmas tree farm set in the heart of rural Somerset
Langford Lakes Christmas Tree Farm, which is well-known for its home grown, freshly cut Christmas trees, is a family run 40-acre farm that is located close to the nature reserve Langford Heathfield, a mile outside of Langford Budville in Somerset.
Langford Lakes is owned and run by Reg and Ann Hendy and their two sons, Shaun and Nick.
As Christmas tree growers we pride ourselves on offering quality, fresh trees at a very competitive price.
Opening times for 2020
Late Night Openings
Coming soon for 2020!


We have all heard about the ingredients of the Italian cuisine like olive oil, mozzarella cheese, parmesan cheese, dried tomatoes, Italian Prosciutto, but do we really know what are these products made from and how to distinguish the best quality products from the rest? We have explained some ingredients that are very common in the Italian cuisine with a scope to allow you to better understand the tastes, the culture and the importance of quality.
Italian olive oil
Olive oil is a typical ingredient of all Mediterranean dishes. It is safe to say that in Italy it is one of the ingredients in almost all dishes. Olive oil is used to denominate all varieties of oil that come from processing the olives, but there are many other characteristics that define the quality of the product, and thus are important to get acquainted with.
Olio extravergine (extra virgin olive oil)
Extra virgin olive oil is the olive oil of highest quality. It is extracted mechanically from the fruits, without any chemical additives and excessive use of heat, with the presence of oleic acid less than 0.8 g per 100 g. It is a pure olive fruit juice.
There are different quality levels even within this category, while the taste varies from delicate to quite bitter. The most appreciated olive oil is the “olio extravergine estratto a freddo” or extra virgin olive oil extracted “at cold”. This means that in the process of the extraction the temperature of the olives and the oil did not exceed 27 degrees Celsius. By keeping the temperature this low, it is guaranteed that the smell of the oil is much better as well that the antioxidants are not destroyed during the process. If there is not the label estratto a freddo, this means that the temperatures over 35 degrees Celsius have been reached, which is much more effective in terms of the quantity of the oil produced, but the oil loses the taste, the smell and some of the important ingredients.
Olio vergine (Virgin olive oil)
It is the olive oil obtained from the fruits only mechanically. The presence of the oleic acid is less than 2g per 100g.
Refined olive oil
It is a type of olive oil that has been mechanically extracted from what had remained from the process of the previous oil extractions. This is the oil of the lowest quality.
Mozzarella cheese originates from southern Italy and it is strictly made from the milk of Italian Mediterranean buffalo and thus called “mozzarella di buffala”. Because of long isolation and lack of contact with other animals, Italian buffalo was officially recognized in 2000 as a bread on its own and depending on the breed, milk of Italian buffalo has a higher percentage of milk fat 6-9% in comparison to that of a cow.
Even the cow milk has been used in making mozzarella cheese, with the same process of preparation but under a different name “Fior di latte”.
It is a soft cheese that is usually consumed within a few days after production. Mozzarella is the main ingredient of many Italian dishes, but often it is consumed by itself with olive oil, depending on the tastes.
There are many types of Parmesan cheese produced in Italy. It is a main ingredient of many Italian cuisine dishes; usually it is grated over all kinds of pasta, risotto, even soups. It is made from semi fat cow milk which is cooked and then left to age for at least 9 months.
Two most well-known varieties of this cheese in Italy are:
Grana Padano- the name comes from the noun grana (grain) referring to the grainy texture, and Padano which comes from the name of the valley Pianura Padana. It was created some 900 years ago by Cistercian monks.
Parmigiano Reggiano- The name of this cheese comes from area where it is produced:Provinces of Parma, Reggio Emillia, Bologna, Modena etc.
There are two types of Prosciutto in Italy: Prosciutto crudo and Prosciutto cotto. Crudo is a dried version while cotto is the cooked variety. Outside of Italy the name exclusively represents the Prosciutto crudo version.
Prosciutto crudo- Certainly it is one of the most well-known products of Italy. The specific high quality of Italian prosciutto is renowned all over the world. It is made from pig’s ham in a process of aging that lasts anywhere from 9 months to 2 years. It is renowned for its fine unsalted taste, color and softness.
The most appreciated prosciutto comes from central and northern Italy, Parma (prosciutto di Parma), and San Daniele.
Prosciuttocotto-is what is known around the world as ham. Traditionally it is made from hind pork legs, which are processed and cooked. This is why it is called “cotto” which in Italian means cooked.
Dried tomatoes (pomodori secchi)
It is an important and delicious ingredient of the Mediterranean cuisine. Dried tomatoes are used as an ingredient or consumed on its own all across Italy. Tomatoes are dried in the sun and then preserved in olive oil, in order to preserve their healthy ingredients for the colder periods of the year.
Nowadays, the tomatoes are dried in industrial ovens, which is why some tomatoes can be too chewy and dry due to the excessive exposure to heat.
Translation support - angloland
Want to study for Cambridge English exams? Email us at [email protected]


If you live in an area that gets blanketed with snow in the winter, chances are that you aren’t too concerned with the condition of your grass in January. But if you live in a warmer climate, you can feasibly be landscaping green grass year-round.
When it comes to winter grass, you’ve got a couple options — perennial or annual. These two types of rye grass are the most common types of winter grass, and they each come with certain advantages and disadvantages. Perennial rye grass can be more expensive, but that price tag brings with it a faster germination time, a richer color and lower likelihood of grass stains. You also don’t need to replant perennial grass every year because it is designed to last year-round. However, if heat becomes extreme, there’s a chance the grass won’t survive the summer.
Annual grass isn’t likely to withstand extreme temperatures either, but it is intended to be re-planted every year and, consequently, costs less than perennial rye. It is best to plant annual rye in August or September — if you plant too early, the heat will kill the seeds. Annual rye will last through about May, when it’s time to switch back to a summer grass such as Bermuda.
Whether you choose annual or perennial, both varieties need a lot of sun and regular watering to thrive. Sprinkler systems are recommended rather than irrigation. An advantage of rye grass in general is that the grass will not spread — meaning your landscaping and flower beds won’t be overrun by over-eager grass.
If you want a professional opinion on your backyard, let BidBoomerang hook you up with expert landscapers in Mesa AZ.


Jute Ribbon Retting:
In recent years, ribbon retting technology has been adopted in the jute-growing areas of the country. After the stripping process, the retting process begins. This is the outer skin of the stem that can be obtained mechanically or manually. BJRI has developed the Bamboo Hook Ribbon. In order to extract ribbons for the pool or water, the ribbons are placed vertically downwards in the bamboo grill placed across the pool, and then they are washed in clean water, either in earthen pots or rings placed over vertical poles. These ribbons are then retted in earthen pots or rings placed over vertical poles. Developed lower on a small scale by retting and tested widely in farmers’ fields, CRIJAF has recently achieved a dry fiber production rate of 25 kg per machine hour instead of the 5 kilograms per person-hour by conventional methods. The complete protocol, including retting that requires not more than 20% of the water required under the traditional method, may be completed in less than 8 days while delivering better fiber quality than that produced under the conventional method.
Procedure of Jute Ribbon Retting Process:
- At first, jute is harvested from the field. All the residues are then cut up and disposed of appropriately.
2. As a next step, the green ribbon will be extracted from the jute tree by means of two different methods. One method is the power operated bast fiber extractor, and the other is the manual operated jute fiber extractor.
3. After the ribbons are extracted, then they are treated with a microbial consortium using 100ml of the liquid microbial consortium per 10 kg of green ribbon and then they are covered with polyhene sheets for one hour.
4. For small-scale retting, 2 q of green ribbons can be placed at a time in a polythene-lined retting tank of 1 M3 size (1m x 1m x 1m) containing 1000 liters of water.
5. In order to ret these sprayed ribbons, they are steeped vertically in polythene-lined pits for 5- to 7 days, during which time the retting of the ribbons is completed.
6. After that, the fiber is washed in clean water and dried.
Advantage of Jute Ribbon Retting over Traditional Method:
- This process requires roughly 50% less water and space than traditional methods, so it is particularly suited to areas that have a shortage of water.
- Water requirements can range from 1:20 to 1:10 for substrate liquor ratios, depending on the type of substrate.
- Retting time has been reduced from 14-15 to 7-8 days as a result of the reduction in retting time.
- Due to the fact that less labour is required, the process is more cost effective.
- The total process remains within the control of the farmers. As well as reducing environmental pollution to almost one-fourth compared with retting the whole plant, it also assures us that we are producing jute fibre of the highest quality in terms of strength, fineness, color, shine or luster and that the jute fibre is bark free.
- The retted fibres are washed in the same pit of water seven days after they have been harvested and are dried on bamboo scaffolds before they are taken to the drop.
- On the other hand, the same pit can also be used in the off-season to prepare organic compost manure that can be used in other agricultural applications.
Finally we can say, The ribbon retting process is almost half the amount of water required in comparison to conventional whole plant retting under normal conditions. In comparison to traditional stem-retted jute fibres, ribbon retting has stronger fibre filaments, finer textures, and richer color. It is possible to solve many defects resulting from the traditional retting process by adopting ribbon retting. Unfortunately, no efficient and farmer-friendly ribboner can be used for ribbon retting. Farmers should be made aware of the process and benefits related to ribbon retting as it is the more eco-friendly technique to produce high-quality fibre.
- Belal, P. D. (2016). Understanding Textiles for a Merchandiser. Dhaka: LB Graphics & Printing.
- Dr. Hosne Ara Begum, P. D. (n.d.). Natural fibers. Dhaka: Hafiz book center.
- Majumdar, B. (n.d.). Microbial Retting of raw jute. Kolkata: CRIJAF.
- Md. Rostom ali, o. k. (2015). Jute retting: present pracitce and problem in Banglesh. CIGR, 243.
- Shivani Ranjan, S. S. (2021). Ribbon Retting of Jute: An Eco-friendly Method for Quality Jute Fiber Production. ResearchGate, 42.


Nature Farming Award - voting now open
Thursday 25th July 2013
Your chance to win a luxury break for two!
A third generation farmer who started sowing seeds of change for the benefit of wildlife more than 30 years ago is being backed by The Wildlife Trusts in the final of the Nature of Farming Award.
Nicholas Watts is one of eight farmers being celebrated for their wildlife-friendly work. All eight - from up and down the UK - are in with a chance to win £1,000 in recognition of their approach to farming being deemed the UK’s most wildlife-friendly.
Everyone who votes will be entered into a free prize draw for a luxury break for two. Vote here.
The winning farmer is determined by public vote. Votes can be made until Saturday 31 August 2013 and registered online, by phone, post, or at various country shows. Everyone who votes will be entered into a free prize draw for a luxury break for two people with Millennium Hotels.
Nicholas Watts MBE grows arable crops, bird seed and organic vegetables on his 850 hectares at Vine House Farm in Lincolnshire. He runs guided tours of Vine House Farm and has a small nature reserve [at Baston Fen] where visitors can see a variety of birds and wildlife. In the last 20 years, barn owl numbers have quadrupled, whitethroats, tree sparrows and lapwings have increased ten-fold. Vine House Farm sells wild bird food, bird feeders and accessories which are supplied direct. Every sale supports the vital work of The Wildlife Trusts.
Paul Wilkinson, Head of Living Landscape, said: “We are thrilled Nicholas has been recognised for his commitment to conservation and urge everyone to vote for him!
“In addition to working tirelessly to create an outstanding family business, he demonstrates that nature and profitable farming can go hand in hand.
“Through the creation of a nature reserve, which is open to everyone, he sets a fabulous example and encourages us all to take action for wildlife – in particular for wild birds. Nicholas enjoys strong links with the local community and so his role is invaluable in promoting the importance of nature conservation more widely.”
The Wildlife Trusts recognise farmers and landowners should be the backbone of conservation and restoration efforts and launched a partnership with conservation award-winning Vine House Farm in August 2007.
Nature of Farming Awards
The annual RSPB Telegraph Nature of Farming Award celebrates the work farmers are doing for wildlife – with £1,000 awarded to the very best. The Award - open to all farmers, whatever their farming system – is about doing positive work for wildlife. Entries are invited from across the UK. Farming Advisors identify a regional winner, each of which is ranked by four expert judges. The finalists are voted for by the public. Details of the eight finalists can be seen here. Everyone who votes will be automatically entered into a free prize draw for a luxury break for two people with Millennium Hotels. The winner will be announced in September. Vote here. For a postal voting form, call 01767 693680.
Award judge Fergus Collins, editor of Countryfile magazine, comments on Nicholas Watts’ farm: “Nicholas’ farm is making a difference in an area renowned for intensive agriculture, through targeting improved habitats for rapidly declining species such as turtle doves. Nicholas has an impressive awareness of both carbon and water-use in his business and has convinced the local drainage board to enhance habitats across the wider landscape."
Vine House Farm
Nicholas Watts was awarded an MBE for services to farming and conservation. Vine House Farm is one of the largest growers of sunflowers in Britain which are grown specifically for bird food. It also grows a further 240 acres of red millet, white millet, naked oats, oil seed rape and canary seed all of which are shipped, mail order, direct to customers across the nation from the family run 2,100 acre farm.
The Wildlife Trusts’ partnership with Vine House Farm offers the chance to buy many wild bird foods grown on its conservation award-winning farm. As Vine House Farm is committed to reducing its impact on the environment, as much produce as is possible is sourced from within the UK. When buying products from Vine House Farm you are directly supporting the work of The Wildlife Trusts. To find out more about Vine House Farm, its conservation work, and how to order, visit www.vinehousefarm.co.uk
The Wildlife Trusts (TWT) wildlifetrusts.org
A healthy natural environment, where farmland is producing food and bursting with wildlife, underpins sustainable farming systems. Likewise farming and land management are critical to creating A Living Landscape. Farmland covers around 75% of the UK so working with farmers is essential if nature is going to recover. Find out more at http://www.wildlifetrusts.org/living-landscape/farming.


These are no ordinary coffees.
They come from remote regions whose production has been threatened through climate change, social or natural disasters, and therefore these coffees are on the brink of disappearing.
Nespresso’s REVIVING ORIGINS program aims to revive these fragile, but promising regions through long-term investments and day-to-day work with farmers. Over a period of multiple years, Nespresso will provide technical & logistical support, financial resources and coffee expertise to bring back these excellent coffees and help struggling coffee farming communities sustain themselves and thrive –for the long term.
Each year, these coffees will make a comeback, so that you will savour the exquisite taste, whilst farmers will benefit from an additional source of income and an improved quality of life.
If you love the world’s rarest coffees, and want to be a part of sustaining coffee growing communities, we invite you to join Nespresso’s REVIVING ORIGINS mission.


Nematode Diagnostic Laboratory
The Arkansas Nematode Diagnostic Clinic was relocated from the Fayetteville Campus to its present location at the Southwest Research & Extension Center in July, 1995. The primary purpose of the Clinic is to provide a nematode analysis (assay), for commodities that are either known to have or believed to have a problem with one or more species of plant-parasitic nematodes. This service is provided to the producers, research scientists, crop consultants, golf course managers, home gardeners, and anyone else who is involved with the production of a commodity that could be parasitized by a plant-parasitic nematode. THe Lab is a APHIS Cerified Lab and is able to receive samples inside and outside the state.
The nematodes of concern are primarily root-feeders and therefore live in the soil. Since most are root-feeders and much of Arkansas is involved in some kind of crop production, most samples received for assay at the Clinic are from fields in row-crop production. Since all plants can be parasitized by one or more nematode species assays are also provided for home gardens and lawns, golf courses, nurseries, orchards, vineyards, etc.
Additionally, some specialty assays are provided for some commodities that are shipped to foreign markets where the nematode of concern is a quarantined pest. A number of samples are submitted each year from rice grain. Rice can be infested with the white tip nematode which, if present, will be inside the rice glume next to the seed. If this nematode is present in the grain and that grain is then planted, that field will then be infested. Some of our foreign markets have a quarantine on this pest and any grain shipped into their country must first be certified free of the white tip nematode. The Nematode Diagnostic Clinic provides this certification. The pine wood nematode is also a quarantined pest in some markets and for cedar or pine logs to be shipped to these markets an assay must be provided for these logs from chips extracted from them.
With a full-time staff of four and an additional 2 – 3 people during the busy season; The Nematode Diagnostic Clinic is pleased to be of service to the people of our state and nation.


On average, plowed land erodes away at slightly more than 1 millimeter per year, while new soil builds up at about 0.2 millimeters per year. As a result, continually cultivated soil will become exhausted in the space of several hundred years,
unless no-till agriculture is practiced. No-till agriculture is a method in which crop stubble remains in place and a special drill inserts the seeds into the soil. However, only about 16 percent of cultivated areas in the United States use this method.
Which of the following is best supported by the information above?
(A) Although the advance of farming technology has made no-till agriculture available to wealthy farmers, such methods are financially impractical for many American farmers.
(B) If the United States does not utilize means that replenish or reuse exhausted soil, it must eventually find other ways of getting agricultural products.
(C) Agricultural industries that do not require plowing - such as dairy or chicken farms - are not affected by topsoil erosion.
(D) If 5 out of 6 of all American farms were to practice no-till agriculture, the United States would produce enough agricultural products to meet domestic demand for several hundred years.
(E) Hydroponic farming (farming without soil) would solve the United States’ land erosion problem.
Source: Veritas Prep
On average, plowed land erodes away at slightly more than 1 millimeter per year, while new soil builds up at about 0.2
This topic has expert replies


A week ago I remembered to order seed catalogs. I ordered one from Territorial Seed, Johnny's, Burpee and another from New England Seed Company. I am trying to be very focused on the garden this year. Every year in my life, so far, I imagine myself ordering my seeds and starts from a catalog. I imagine being on a first name basis with the UPS guy as he delivers all my "goods." But so far that little fantasy has not happened. This year I decided to make sure I had some catalogs that were based in New England thinking I heard somewhere that that was a very important detail, to order seeds from a catalog in your general area. Territorial Seed Company is in Oregon, more specifically Cottage Grove where my parents live. I am not sure why I ordered it...just curious. But Johnny's is in Maine, Burpee is in Pennsylvania, and of course New England Seed is in Hartford, CT and you really can not be a seed company and get much closer to me than that :) Maybe it does not matter at all where your seeds come from. But remember I have some strange "do it exactly right" agenda this year.
The Territorial Seed catalog from the West coast came first and the Johnny's catalog came a day later. The others have not come yet.
I spent the whole day today sitting at the kitchen table reading seed catalogs. I got the all important fresh notebook with nothing yet written in it. And each page will be devoted to a certain item that will go in my garden. I am writing how deep the seeds should be planted, which amount of sun they prefer, how tall they will grow, which variety I order, how it does, how far to plant them from each other, and any special notes that will help me in my "perfect garden" quest. You may feel inclined to point out to me that I have never done this before and my gardens have been fine. But I will always wonder if it could be better than it is if I do not at least one year do everything exactly right. This may be the year Brian wants to get a new wife. :) My rows will be perfectly straight and things that need to be trellised will be trellised ever so perfectly. I will sing merrily to the bugs as I kill them with chemicals I am researching :) And I will make friends with the animals so they won't eat a thing they are not invited to eat. And then I will make signs in each animals particular language so they will know when they are invited to nibble :)
I have been researching herbs and what purposes they can serve. It cannot hurt to know which ones can help with what ailment..... just in case. So I am planting some herbs that I have never tried before....Winter Savory and Feverfew...and some other herbs that I have always planted but recently discovered they have some other purposes....did you know chewing on a dill seed will reduce flatulence? The new herbs I chose are perennials and need minimal love and I have a good spot for those kind of guys. My first project when the 12 inches of snow that is currently on the ground melts is tear all the undergrowth out of this one area that I did not get to last year. This area is going to be my herb area. Then I need to try that Craigslist thing and find some free bricks to make little herb "areas."
My head is spinning with all sorts of terms. I am wondering if I should try treated seeds? I am thinking I am going to plant determinate tomatoes this year instead of indeterminate ones. I never knew you were supposed to prune indeterminate ones to get the best harvest. For the first time I am reading carefully about varieties and which ones are more resistant to disease and which ones are more flavorful. I am even considering buying the varieties that are not circled by the seed catalog people as the ones everyone chooses. Which is the easy way out. :)
I chose 5 different kinds of cut flowers. And I am going to plant long rows of flowers this year. I am very excited about that part. I am looking for the perfect dahlia.
So i will keep you posted and you can take bets as to when my perfect garden quest will end :)


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All EZ-FLO equipment is designed to deliver virtually any type of liquid or water soluble product. Systems can be connected to a hose bib, a drip system or an irrigation system. EZ-FLO’s patented technology can use fully concentrated liquid (no premixing required) or water soluble products and deliver them quickly or in small micro-doses every time you water, creating superior nutrient uptake and more beautiful results.
This technique of applying products through the water is called “fertigation”. Fertigation is a sustainable horticultural practice which has many environmental benefits, such as saving water and eliminating the pollution common with other methods of horticultural care . Click here for more information.
Even though EZ-FLO systems can dispense virtually any liquid or water soluble product, we offer a full line of horticultural care products that have undergone EZ-FLO’s rigorous product testing procedures and have proven to provide superior results.
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Main Line Systems have been designed to connect directly to your irrigation system after an approved back-flow prevention device. They are designed to withstand constant static water pressure present in your irrigation system. These units are constructed of heavy-walled, UV-Resistant PVC and have no moving parts making them very reliable, dependable and maintenance-free.
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It is crucial that all of our commercial partners share our vision to make hockey “a global game that inspires the next generation”, and that is certainly something which can be said of the companies that were recently announced as the seven Preferred Suppliers as part of FIH’s Quality Programme for Hockey Turf.
This internationally recognised quality-assurance Programme forms an integral part of the Hockey Revolution by channelling into one of our four Big Goals: to increase the degree of professionalism within the sport.
In addition to meeting all the criteria of FIH Certified Manufacturers and Field Builders, the seven companies - Act Global, AstroTurf, Edel Grass, FieldTurf (now incorporating Desso), Lano, Polytan and TenCate Grass (representing the brands GreenFields and TigerTurf) - all demonstrated their commitment to working with FIH around the world to provide high-quality hockey fields suitable for international, national, club and development hockey.
All of these companies will contribute to the development of hockey by working with FIH to set the industry standards and build the fields needed to grow and sustain the game.
Speaking at the time, FIH President Leandro Negre said: “We believe that the long-term success of our sport lies in the quality of hockey facilities around the world. As part of the Hockey Revolution we want to create international standards ensuring the sustainability, affordability and accessibility of hockey fields worldwide, key recommendations also outlined in the International Olympic Committee’s Olympic Agenda 2020. The appointment of these seven suppliers marks an important milestone in our development of the FIH Quality Programme for Hockey Turf.”
To find out more about the FIH Preferred Suppliers, click here.


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Ready for a fun and easy science experiment at home for kids? This is a fab opportunity to learn about nature, seed germination and plants. You’ll start with a few dry lentils and will have a nice plant in a few days.
Lentils in a jar: materials
- Dry lentils
- Glass jar
- Cotton balls
How to grow lentils in cotton in 4 steps
- Separate bits of cotton and put them at the bottom of the glass vase.
- Put a little bit of water to make the cotton wet.
- Place a few lentils on top of the cotton, pressing so they are stuck into it.
- Leave the vase somewhere with natural light. The experiment is ready!
As you can see from our photos, my toddler enjoyed putting tons of cotton and dozens of lentils. Never mind! It ended up equally well and it’s her own personal style.
Over the next few days, we watered the cotton daily. Enough to keep the cotton wet without flooding it. We were very excited when the lentils started grow – every day they got bigger! It was really quick and fun to see.
When the lentil plant was too big for the jar, we carefully removed the cotton around the roots and seeds and transferred them to a pot with soil.
What we learned
This experiment was good to talk and learn about…
- How does a seed become a plant? Germination and growing process
- Why are light, temperature and water important?
- Parts of a plant (see the image)
- Why does the plant incline towards the light source and what happens if we move the jar around?
You can also try this experiment with dry beans or chickpeas. If you’ve already done this science project or your kids are older, here are some other ideas:
- Compare the growth and speed of lentils versus chickpeas.
- Compare the growth of the seeds in light or in darkness.
- Keep a nature journal. Write down the day of germination, first leaf…
- Draw the progress each day to keep track of their growth.
- Measure the length of the lentils as they evolve and keep track on a graph.
See more posts for babies and toddlers.


Minister of Agriculture, Water Resources and Fisheries Abdelmonem Belati has confirmed an unprecedented decline in the country’s water resources, with dams estimated to be only 24% full.
Belati stressed the need for prudent and professional action during a working session on Thursday with heads of water departments in agricultural delegations.
The meeting was also attended by Ridha Gabouj, Secretary of State for Water, according to a press release from the Ministry of Agriculture.
Minister Belaati urged the heads of water departments to exploit every potential water source for integration into the drinking water system. He explained that a review of groundwater standards and well drilling licences is underway.
In addition, heads of water departments were advised to create a dashboard in each delegation specifically dedicated to water resources and their management.
They were also encouraged to strengthen their role in their regions by carrying out field work and monitoring the distribution of drinking and irrigation water.
The Minister urged the improvement of human resources management to support the guidance and awareness-raising of farmers, especially the younger ones.


Monthly Archives: %A %B %e%q, %Y
Monday: Two Varieties of Lentil and Fresh Herbs Tuesday: Root Vegetable Medley Wednesday: Tomato, Kale and Butternut Squash Thursday: Broccoli and Cauliflower Friday: Harira!
Monday: Yellow Split Peas and Tomato Tuesday: Butternut Squah and Potato Wednesday: Red Lentil and Toasted Spices Thursday: Green Vegetables and Cabbage Friday: Tomato, Fennel and Quinoa
Monday: Green Pea, Fresh Mint and Grapefruit Tuesday: Sweet Potato and Red Lentil Wednesday: Turnip and Potato Thursday: Tomato, Chick Pea and Spinach Friday: Potato, Cabbage and Fennel
Monday: Lentil and Fresh Herbs Tuesday: Sweet Potato Soup Wednesday: Tomato, Quinoa and Fennel Thursday: Potato and Green Veggies Friday: Mushroom, Leek and Wild Rice


28(17&18):1481-1497. Commercial compost from factory farms, especially pig farms, may contain copper and other heavy … Ideal areas are well-drained, have slopes of 2 to 4 percent, consist of concrete or packed soil or gravel and drain into a containment pond. They are vegetarians and their waste is safe to use around plants. This article explains how. Composting is an effective manure management tool that reduces volume, kills pathogens and weed seeds, and also improves soil health and fertility. The volume reduction of composting manure can save producers money. Once cured, compost samples should be taken within the pile at various points and mixed thoroughly to account for variability. Use our handy compost … 63:895-901. Black Kow 50 lb. Remember to wash your hands after working with compost. The higher … Using manure compost in the garden has numerous benefits, keeping plants healthy and green. Read this article to find out more about cat feces in compost. 32:1105-1113. Compost is a mixture of organic residues (manure, animal carcasses, straw, etc.) Some turners have water tanks plumbed into nozzles that add water while turning. that have been piled, mixed and moistened to undergo thermophilic (high heat 113 to 160 degrees Fahrenheit) decomposition (SSSA, 1997). You can use both gerbil and hamster manure in gardens. The EZ Way to Compost Chicken Manure. The pile was turned on May 30, June 13, June 23 and July 29. Compost can be used in manure or spreading. 2006. Horse manure is a good source of nutrients and a popular addition to many home gardens. 176-190 and 199-208. Rabbit manure compost is one of the most nutritious and easily accessible organic fertilizers you can get your hands on. Rabbit manure compost is one of the most nutritious and easily accessible organic fertilizers you can get your hands on. Addition of nitrogen during decomposition is usually advisable. Turning compost incorporates oxygen into the system, homogenizes the pile and breaks up clumps. Pepper, C.P. 2009. Composting material’s C/N ratio varies greatly. This article provides information on how to use bat guano as fertilizer so you can take advantage of its beneficial properties. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization rates after application of organic amendments to soil. Photo courtesy Alayne Blickle. Composting animal manures is an effective way to kill pathogens. Research Institution. Manure is packed with nutrients that plants need, like nitrogen. Energy efficiency of composting: A case study. Generally, it'll take three to six months for horse manure to turn into compost. Rynk, R., M. van de Kamp, G.B. However, much of the nitrogen is tied up in complex organic compounds (immobilized) and is not immediately ready for plant uptake, whereas commercial fertilizers are predominantly plant-available. Clean compost and worm castings used solely or in conjunction are common tea bases, but you can also try making bat guano tea mix with help from this article. This change in management can prevent nutrient loading and high levels of phosphorus that can accumulate when not properly managed and monitored (Spargo et al., 2006). Composting reduces the volume and density of manure approximately 50 to 65 percent (Figures 1 and 2). The thing is, manure isn’t great for everything. Because of its balanced pH, it can be used for just about any plant. Composting cat litter and its contents may not be a good idea. Manure is a helpful ingredient when creating “hot” compost piles. Qual. Wiederholt, R.J., S. Rahman and A. Ehni. Carbon/nitrogen ratios should be about 30-to-1, moisture content should be around 50 percent and air needs to be incorporated routinely by turning. After a day or two, the pile should reach temperatures in excess of 120 F (Figures 3 and 6). This difference is due to the increased stability of compost. Manure is a valuable ingredient in any compost pile. 1996. By Bonnie L. Grant, Certified Urban Agriculturist. One of the best ways to use manure as plant fertilizer is by mixing it in with compost. Gardeners use many materials to encourage the growth of foliage and the development of fruit. This can be universally applied to any growing plant or incorporated into a seed bed to wait for seed germination. Temperatures should be taken at various locations and depths. 33:1855 1865. Compost shrinks to about half the weight and half the volume of manure, cutting the spreading time and costs roughly in half. Passively aerated windrow systems require peat moss, wood chips or some type of material to be added to increase porosity. Compost and manure add nutrients and improve soil. Because of this, nutrient management plans may need to be based upon phosphorus management. White fungus in compost bins is a common sight when actinomycetes are present. An example of using the Pearson Square method for proper compost mixture determination. Adding carbon (straw or woodchips) can help alleviate this. Multiplying this value by 100 reveals that 83.33% of manure is needed for the desired C/N ratio. Composting equipment is really helpful for making quality chicken manure compost, choosing the suitable one, you may make composting chicken dungs much more efficiently. Initial windrows of bedded feedlot manure. Manure usually is piled into a windrow. Those were green foxtail, redroot pigweed, round-leaved mallow, stinkweed and wild buckwheat. Soil Sci. Figure 1. Compost has a wide range of uses depending on your growing needs. It is often used in commercial organic fertilizer production line. Composting manure eliminates the possibility of burning the plants. Manure spreaders can be calibrated various ways. Achat en ligne manure compost pas cher sur Aliexpress France ! Compost is a good source of nutrients, and it builds soil structure – both are good for plants. Cold composting is known as the most common chicken manure composting method. After 42 days of composting, those weeds did not germinate. Composting requires routine introduction of oxygen, which stimulates aerobic microorganisms that feed on the organic components and convert the piled organic material to a fairly stable nutrient-rich soil amendment (Larney and Blackshaw, 2003). Make a pile. Grewal (2006) studied and compared the length of time that pathogens lived in simulated composted dairy manure, a simulated dairy manure pack and a simulated liquid dairy lagoon. Determining the amount of manure to turn is a good starting point. This process recycles various organic materials otherwise regarded as waste products. Composting should take place on an area that drains well but where runoff or leachate will not reach waters of the state. However, turner implements work better for larger operations. The general properties of compost as a fertilizer is what makes it so versatile. In this detailed write-up, you’ll learn to compost chicken manure in just 18 days. The pile commonly is 10 to 12 feet wide and 4 to 6 feet high (Figure 1). Manure composts not only improve soil physical and chemical characteristics; they also are a good source of fertilizer for crop production. Un oubli important ? Because of immobilization and the possibility of nutrient loading, compost fertilizer applications may need to be supplemented with conventional fertilizers. Refer to NDSU Extension publications “North Dakota Fertilizer Recommendation Tables and Equations” (SF882) and “Soil Sampling as a Basis for Fertilizer Application” (SF990) for more information on soil sampling and nutrient requirements. Pig manure makes great fertilizer. Manure is a common and nutrient-rich fertilizer, but using it on a vegetable farm is a bit tricky. Sign up to get all the latest gardening tips! Power. Let?s look at how to make manure tea in this article. Eghball and Power (1999) found in a four-year study that 15 percent of the total nitrogen in beef feedlot compost was plant-available the first year and 8 percent of the nitrogen was mineralized the second year. This article provides tips on using sheep manure. A 10-foot-wide turner may turn 1,500 yards per hour, while a 14-foot turner may turn as much as 2,600 yards per hour. Critical issue report 2006.3. The manure compost (M) and biochar-manure compost (BM) had pH 8.1 and 16.9 g total N kg −1; yet, the two differed in total C content, with 331.5 and 423.4 g C kg −1 for M and BM, respectively. Perforated pipes are placed within the pile to allow airflow. Compost should be applied with a calibrated spreader. Glossary of Soil Science Terms. The pad ideally should drain into a containment pond. Most crops have a nitrogren-to-phosphorus (N/P) ratio of 7-to-1 to 10-to-1, whereas composted manure commonly has an N/P ratio of 1-to-2. The techniques used for dewatering swine manure also can be used for dairy manure. Manure Compost is the real meaning of the use of manure as a material to compost. Too much carbon (C/N ratio more than 40-to-1) in a compost pile can immobilize nitrogen and slows the composting process (Coyne and Thompson, 2006). Entre 7 et 9 mois. It also contains a host of bacteria and microorganisms that provide nutrients to the soil. J. R. Rynk. Repeated compost application effects on phosphorus runoff in the Virginia Piedmont. A mixture of decayed or decaying organic matter used to fertilize soil. Chris Augustin, Area Extension Specialist/Nutrient Management, Carrington Research Extension Center, Shafiqur Rahman, Assistant Professor/Waste Management Engineering, Department of Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering. Cropland soils and compost should be tested for nutrients. In the past we have covered why composting manure is important and useful on horse properties. Cow manure is always a kind of efficient fertilizer materials for crops. The manure was piled into windrows on May 8. Click here to learn more. Twenty-four hours after raw straw-bedded feedlot manure was piled in early May, temperatures already have reached 132 F. (photo NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center). Learn more in this article. Other ways to incorporate oxygen include using passively aerated windrows and aerated static piles. Composting provides another option for managing manure on the farm. This pile may be piled for curing after Aug. 4. The less it is decomposed, the more it will have to be left on the surface for decomposition to continue. Paratuberculosis and other zoonotic pathogens during simulated composting, manure packing, and liquid storage of dairy manure. J. Environ. Singley, T.L. Average temperatures of a straw-bedded beef feedlot manure compost pile. Turning manure is essential to composting manure. Although it’s a good fertilizer, heavy manures, like those … Math for soil scientists. 2005. Étendre comme paillage - Étalez sur le sol, dans les platebandes et le potager à l’automne. This covering insulates the pile and absorbs excess moisture. This speeds decomposition and heats up the pile. However, soil and compost should be tested for nutrients. Schellenbert. The following information for composting manures will help get you started. Compost maturity is strongly related to microbial activities during the composting process. A good compost is rich in plant nutrients and beneficial organisms. This is a fungus-like bacterium, which works as a decomposer, breaking apart plant tissue. Bar-Tal, A., U. Yermiyahu, J. Beraud, M. Keinan, R. Rosenbery, D. Zohar, V. Rosen and P. Fine. Compost is made by decomposing organic materials into simpler organic and inorganic compounds by the microorganisms in a process called composting. Manure is one soil amendment that can help return those nutrients and juice up the soil, making it an effective growing medium for the next season's crops. Grewal, S.K., S. Rajeev, S. Sreevatsan and F.C. Use this compost chicken manure and you will be able to have a greener and healthier garden. This is true for plant based and manure based compost, but it is worse for manure based compost. In order to maximize the benefits of manure compost in the garden, proper application is vital. (1997) found in a two-year study that 30 percent and 70 percent of the total phosphorus in composted livestock manure was mineralized the first and second year, respectively. The following information for composting manures … Grewal found that after three days of composting at 131 F, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected. Manure, like compost, is comprised of a LOT of organic materials that are also high in nitrogen due to passing through the guts of (sometimes) large animals. Multiplying this value by 100 reveals that 16.67% of straw is needed for the desired C/N ratio. When the plants in your yard or garden are performing poorly, a nutrient deficiency is a likely cause. E. coli 0157:H7 frequently asked questions. The benefit of this is that space and time are saved by eliminating the external pad and not hauling the manure out of the pen. The National Organic Program requires pile temperatures to exceed 131 F for 15 days and piles to be turned at least five times (The Organic Center, 2006). 1997. 2006. Laboratory microcosm setup. In addition to being a source of available and stable nutrients, compost is a source of bacterial and fungal diversity that is often lacking in soils that have been used for conventional, chemical agriculture. Qual. Whether you grow rabbits in your backyard or you can get some rabbit droppings from … But what about exotic manure? Minnesota Agricultural Experimental Station Miscellaneous Publication 100-1999. But too much compost can be a problem. Alley. Flavel, T.C., and D.V. (machine that spreads manure) épandeur de fumier nm nom masculin: s'utilise avec les articles "le", "l'" (devant une voyelle ou un h muet), "un". According to Michel (2009), compost windrows can be turned every 10 days or two weeks. … The microorganisms responsible for composting are indigenous to manures. Pearson Square Procedure: 1 is the C/N ratio of a typical straw. Less than 5 percent of oxygen within the pore space will turn the pile anaerobic (without oxygen), may create a rotten-egg smell and will slow the composting process. Refer to NDSU Extension publication “Manure Spreader Calibration for Nutrient Management Planning” (NM1418) for spreader calibration procedures. Figure 4 and Table 2 illustrate the process of determining the C/N ratio. Midwest manure summit, Green Bay, Wis. March 24-25, 2009. J. Environ. 77-91. What is actinomycetes? Compost, or synthetic manure, is basically a mass of rotted organic matter made from waste-plant residues. Cow manure compost can be used as a soil amendment and fertilizer. Manure collected in dairy operations contains 75-95 percent water and needs dewatering or addition of bulking material for proper composting. Composting manure is highly beneficial to plants, as it serves as an excellent culture bed for seeds, due to its high nutrient content. Adding carbon, making the piles smaller and digging holes in the pile are ways of cooling the pile (Carpenter-Boggs, 1999). Crop and environmental benefits may not occur if the finished composted product is not tested and properly applied. For information on composting animal carcasses, refer to NDSU Extension publication “Animal Carcass Disposal Options” (NM1422). Applying the best nutrients delivered in the optimal form at the appropriate time is the key to healthy plants. Composting manure piles is a great way to produce healthy soil, which produces healthy plants. In GIS applications in agriculture – nutrient management for improved energy efficiency. Find more gardening information on Gardening Know How: Keep up to date with all that's happening in and around the garden. Figure 5. Qual. 2 is the C/N ratio of typical beef manure. There are pros and cons of using manure as an amendment. 6 is the difference of straw C/N ratio and desired C/N ratio. Whether you are raising your backyard flock in a rural, suburban or urban setting, a big part of raising chickens is learning how to deal with the accumulated chicken manure. Since the nitrogen held in compost is released slowly (eight to 10 per cent per year) it provides a “long-term investment” toward crop nutrients. However, water may have to be added in western North Dakota or during prolonged dry events. Rain kept the piles wet and aided the decomposition process, producing a rich compost. Certain weed seeds can pass through livestock and grow in manure applied on cropland. Water management is important in compost because 40 to 65 percent of the pore space in composting materials should have water. Bat dung makes an excellent fertilizer for the garden. Learn more about how to use turkey litter in the garden by reading this article. The compost site needs to be in an area not prone to contamination of groundwater by leaching or where leachate can run off to surface water. Cow manure, though great for the garden, needs to be composted prior to its use as fertilizer. 2006. If you have pets, you have poop, and if you have a garden, it?s tempting to use that poop for a good cause. On farm-scale composting. (photo NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center). Agricultural phosphorus management and water quality protection in the Midwest. Compost manure can be generated from a vast selection of organic ingredients. The first human use of animal manure, a raw form of compost, was in about 3,000 B.C. The windrow dimensions are dictated by the length of the pad and size of the turning implement. Read this article to learn about the dangers of composting dog waste and why this practice is not recommended. There are endless uses for goat manure in the garden. Pet poop composting seems a logical way to deal with waste, but can dog feces go in compost? Then, put the horse manure in the bin along with carbon-rich materials like sticks, dried leaves, and cardboard to encourage decomposition. Learn what these are and how it?s done in this article. Odors are reduced and fly eggs die due to the high temperatures occurring during microbial decomposition (Larney et al., 2006). (photo NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center). Nutrients in sheep manure fertilizer provide adequate nourishment for a garden. Monitor nutrient levels annually, and experiment with a variety of compost ingredients. And you will have to leave it aside for a few months until it breaks down properly. (ed). 2006. Learn more about composting ferret manure as fertilizer in this article. Fresh chicken manure is rich in organic matters and protein, it’s also the best animal wastes material to be fertilizer. Read this article to learn about this wonderful fertilizer and see if you think it's right for you. Gerba, and M.L. To clarify the abundance of ARB and ARGs, ARB and ARGs were quantitatively determined in tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli (harboring the tetA gene)-spiked feces in simulated composts. Native top soil contains about 5% organic matter by weight (10% by volume). Soc. Nitrogen can be found in grass clippings, salad waste and trimmings, and manures from herbivorous animals. The result is a crumbly material that when added to soil does not compete with the crop for nitrogen. Eghball, B., and J.F. Piles may exceed 160 F, which can destroy the beneficial microbes, causing a decline in microbial activity and slowing the process. This month long or longer process is known as curing. Concrete compost for manure on a farm - Acheter cette photo libre de droit et découvrir des images similaires sur Adobe Stock Applying immature compost can cause issues that include malodors, insect swarms, nitrogen immobilization and phytotoxicity (Mathur et al., 1993; Francou et al, 2005; Steger et al., 2007). Composting with manure is not a new concept, though the various types of manures for composting may be, and there are many. 64:2024-2030. Surface and ground water proximity are important for compost site selection. Soil Sci. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension, Lincoln, Neb. The … J. Sign up for our newsletter. Willson, M.E. Nitrogen can be lost when too much (C/N ratio below 20-to-1) is present, and the pile might smell of volatizing ammonia. Measuring devices can be used to monitor the moisture, but they can be costly. 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When preserving silage, there are different methods you can use besides using silage pits and silage covers. Ever heard of silage wraps? Well, this product can as well be used to preserve silage. The silage wrap works perfectly to protect silage as it has different desirable features that make it ideal for silage preservation.
For example, the product can be oxygen-depleted inside the bale. Besides this, the silage wrap Adelaide is also stretch free, tearing and puncture proof. It means that the silage bales can safely be left on the farm and only transported when feeding or when selling them. Another important feature is that its UV stable which ensures it will serve the harsh outdoor weather conditions.
Now, when it comes to buying silage wrap materials, there are several things you need to know. For example, different manufacturers make silage wrap. All these manufacturers do not make products of the same quality. Therefore, before you commit your money to buy the silage wrap, be sure you are buying quality products. As mentioned above, there are several features you need to check when buying the silage wrap. Be sure that the features are real and not just written. To be sure you are buying quality products, you can always ask for a product warranty. With warranty, you can be sure that silage wrap is of high quality.
The next thing to consider when buying silage wrap is the price. Just like other products in the industry, different suppliers and manufacturers will offer different prices for their products. Therefore, as you do your research to buy silage wrap, be sure that the product you’re buying is affordable. Check to know which manufacturer or supplier offers affordable but quality products. An excellent rule of thumb is that you should never compromise quality for the price.
Last but not least, always make sure that the supplier you are buying from can deliver the silage wrap to your location. Although you can drive downtown to the store and buy your silage wrap Adelaide, if you can do the shopping online and have the manufactures or supplier deliver the product to your doorstep will be of much help. Doing it this way can save you time and money. After doing the in-depth research, you will surely find a supplier that can be trusted. If you do not know who to trust, you can always seek a recommendation from other farmers who have used the product before. Also, you can as well read reviews online or join farmers social groups to know which manufacturers can be trusted.


If you want to buy a greenhouse, but can’t afford the more expensive greenhouses available on the market, you will probably be happy to know that there are some pretty decent ones out there for a lower price. Just because they cost less doesn’t mean that a little money was saved by cutting corners. In fact, many of them offer exactly what their more expensive counterparts do and then some.
The following is a list of all those bargains as well as other useful information about portable greenhouses so you can make an educated decision on whether or not this product is right for your gardening needs.
What’s So Great About Portable Greenhouses?
1) A portable greenhouse offers the same features as its permanent counterparts – sometimes even more! For example, some of them can be moved around very easily. Some include wheels while others offer an extendable handle which makes it possible to push or pull them with little effort.
2) This type of greenhouse is great if you are limited on space. It’s easy to find sites for one in even the tiniest yard unlike permanent greenhouses that may require a large spot free from trees and shrubs (and it won’t block out the sunlight).
3) If you love plants but don’t want to deal with all the maintenance that comes with owning plants, portable greenhouses are great because they provide access to plants without having to water, weed, fertilize and so on.
4) Most will fit enough plants so you can start a variety and see which ones do the best where you live. If your favorite plant dies, it’s not such a disappointment because there are more to choose from.
5) These types of greenhouses don’t serve only as planting areas; they can also provide shelter for some outdoor pets like rabbits. For those with many flowers or vegetables that need protection from animals (some deer will eat anything), this is a perfect solution.
What Are They Made Of?
1) Portable greenhouse materials can be made out of plastic, glass or mylar – they all provide different benefits:
a) Mylar – The mylar is usually white and reflects both heat and light so your greenhouse stays warmer and gets sunlight than most glass greenhouses would. However, the cost of this greenhouse material is pretty high and it can be flimsy if not properly supported.
b) Glass – This type of greenhouse material requires a lot of support because it’s heavy and these things leak heat unlike mylar greenhouses do. On the other hand, glass offers better insulation than plastic and keeps your plants warmer than they would be outside during wintertime – great for those cold climates where plants may need some protection once in a while. It also stays cooler in summertime so you don’t have to worry about overheating.
c) Plastic – These greenhouses are lighter than both glass and mylar ones which makes them easier to move even without wheels (some offer one set, others two). If you work a lot, you may appreciate this aspect. Plastic doesn’t offer the insulation that glass or mylar do so they tend to be hotter in summertime and colder during wintertime. However, they are lighter to lift which is perfect for those with back problems.
2) Portable greenhouses can either be framed with wood or PVC piping – each has its benefits:
a) Wood – This greenhouse material is more expensive but it’s less likely to develop leaks because it lasts longer than PVC piping does (in the long run). On the other hand, it makes your greenhouse heavier if you plan on moving it often. Also, there are additional costs involved once the wooden frame starts showing wear because you’ll have to replace parts of it after a while.
b) PVC – A plastic frame is often lighter than wood and it’s less likely to break down on you from constant use. However, if not properly maintained it will begin to leak which means some plants may drown or even get eaten by animals. This type of greenhouse material takes on sunlight more readily so expect the inside of it to be hotter during summertime – if you add water, this will help lower its temperature a bit though.
3) Some portable greenhouses come with their own removable covers which are waterproof while others let rain in – read the description carefully before purchasing one to make sure you’re getting all the features that matter most to you:
a) Removable Covers – To access your plants, all you have to do is take off the cover and walk in. The downside: you’ll get wet when it rains so if you want to protect yourself, wear an umbrella and a raincoat next time you decide to pop your head in or water your plants.
b) No Covers – The opening of these greenhouses face upward so there’s no chance for rainwater to accumulate. On the upside, they are lighter than those with covers which makes them easier to move around (especially with wheels). But be prepared for some additional costs because this greenhouse material may cause some damages during snowstorms – think about buying snow boots for protection next wintertime.
Top Portable & Small Greenhouses
Ohuhu Walk-In Portable Greenhouse
- Warm yet Ventilated: With the zippered roll-up door and 2 Velcro side windows, you can regulate external airflow to keep the plants warm and provide better air circulation for the plants, and works as observation window that makes it easy to peek inside
- Large space: Constructed with 6 wired shelves – 3 on each side, and measures 56.3” (L) x 28.7”(W) x 76.8”(H), which makes space for all your blooming flowers, sprouting plants and fresh vegetables.
- Rock-solid Stability: Structured with heavy-duty rust-resistant tubes for extended durability, supported with an 18 lb. weight capacity, so it is strong enough to hold seed trays, pots and plant growth light.
- Beautify your green spaces: Designed with a zippered roll-up door for easy access and screened ventilation for optimum air circulation. Giving your patios, balconies, decks and gardens a touch of green, without any fuss.
- Easy Movement and Assembly: All parts are detachable, so you can set it up wherever you want to, and move it when the seasons shift. No tools required.
Gardman R687 Mini Greenhouse
- Ideal for small backyards or homes where space is an issue; place on a deck, patio, or balcony
- Gives seeds, seedlings, and young plants an early start
- Clear polyethylene cover and roll-up zippered door for easy access
- Strong push fit tubular steel frame assembles in minutes without any tools
- 27" Long x 18" Wide x 63" High
House Complete Walk-In Greenhouse
- 8 DURABLE SHELVES- The 8 sturdy shelves provide plenty of room for trays, pots, or planters of anything you want to grow. It’s a convenient option for any gardener!
- INDOOR OUTDOOR- This versatile greenhouse is ideal for both indoor and outdoor use; keep it on your backyard patio, deck, or in the basement or garage! The clear PVC cover helps protect seedlings from frost or pests for an ideal growing environment.
- EASY ASSEMBLY- With no tools required, the greenhouse is easy to assemble! Simply follow the included instructions and connect the rods. Rope and anchors are included for stability, and each shelf comes with zip ties to ensure they can't be tipped over.
- USE IN ALL SEASONS- The walk-in greenhouse is the perfect way to extend your growing season! This home gardening essential is great for plants, seeds, herbs, vegetables, or flowers, and it could also be used to hold supplies.
- PRODUCT DETAILS- Materials: Steel frame and PVC cover. Dimensions: (L)56.3”x (W)56.3”x (H)76.7”. Color: Green with clear cover. Rope, anchors, and zip ties included.
Quictent Waterproof UV-Protected Reinforced Mini Greenhouse
- ITEM EXACTLY MATCH THE DESCRIPTION---- Heavy-duty powder coated steel framework + UV protected、Waterproof 、Reinforced 、Transparent PVC cover (with ropes let cover and frame combined better).
- GOOD SIZED PORTABLE MINI GREENHOUSE---- 71"WX 36"D X 36"H, Big enough to work for good sized plant pot & seed bed. Can be used both indoors & outdoors.
- OVERLONG COVER DESIGN---- Makes greenhouse more airtighted and secure, just bury it in the soil, easy way but useful.
- KEEP THE GROUND NICE AND WARM---- We had about a 95% germination rate instead of our usual 80% due to the good ground warmth! 2 Door with 4 zippers let the greenhouse can be completely closed to keep warm
Worth Garden Walk-In Greenhouse
- Easy Assembly:The portable greenhouse is easy to setup and break down. No tools are required for assembly.Four anchors can fix the portable greenhouses for outdoors to avoid being blown down by the wind. You can Move or store the greenhouse plastic is convinent when the seasons change.
- Automatic Irrigation System: Different from other greenhouse, Worth designed an unique simple automatic irrigation system for this green house : using 10m hose and automatic irrigation sprinkler to Cool and humidify for giving plants a cool and a healthier growing surroundings.
- Ideal Growing Enviroment:With steel frame and a clear 0.12mm PVC cover included, this small greenhouses for outdoors and indoors can protect plants from frost or pests for an ideal growing environment. This versatile garden greenhouse is ideal for both indoor and outdoor use.
- Ample Space:The indoor and outdoor greenhouse have 12 sturdy shelves which can provide plenty of room for trays, pots, or planters of anything you want to grow. Dimensions of this greenhouse tent:67"L x 47‘’W x 76‘’.
- 100% SATISFACTION - WORTH GARDEN offers an UNBEATABLE consumer-friendly 3-year GUARANTEE on all our Gardening products. Call or email anytime for support. Our team is here to help!