For centuries much of farming has been legwork: walking down rows, through patches, going plant-by-plant to check for weeds, bugs, parched soil, any sign of distress. Modern machinery, soil-testing, computers, and ground-based sensors have made crop monitoring and tending more efficient, but still lots goes unnoticed.
Even with a trained eye, there also are inevitably data that can’t be detected at scale, such as nitrogen deficiency or diminished photosynthesis, the chlorophyll-powered process that is crucial for a healthy plant. And if one ailing plant is found, what is the impact on the sometimes hundreds of thousands of plants that surround it? Farmers were long left to guess.
Not for much longer: Agriculture drones may soon be flying across America’s farmland.
I ask an ag journalist and an ag tech person I know about this story. “What unconventional things related to the use of drones are you seeing?”
They aren’t seeing anything unconventional, because the idea of convention is a bit thin at the moment as it relates to drones in agriculture.
You knew this already, if you’ve been reading this site …
Here’s some good news for online publishers: People in the U.S. are consuming more digital media than ever before, and their appetite for it is only growing.
According to data from online measurement firm comScore, the total amount of time spent with digital media in the U.S. increased by a whopping 49% over the past two years, driven largely by the use of non-desktop devices.
Time spent with digital media on smartphones grew 90% between June 2013 and June 2015, comScore said, compared with a 64% increase on tablets.


Just an hour’s drive south-east from Melbourne CBD, you will be arriving in the Mornington Peninsula: home of world class Pinot Noir and Chardonnay.
It was declared as a region in 1994 and it hosts around 200 small-scale vineyards. Being a cool climate region, the cool wind blows up from the south, east and west making Mornington Peninsula a perfect fit for high quality wines. Red varieties account for approximately 60% and white grapes account for 40% of the region’s production. Pinot Noir and Chardonnay are the top varieties in the Mornington Peninsula. In this small area, vineyards are situated within 7km from the coast. Due to this proximity to the ocean, the climate is cool and maritime influence is strong.


I write this blog post humbly confessing that I am not an economist or a politician. I am not an expert on the oil industry or on “alternative fuels.” Neither am I an agricultural expert. I write as a priest and a moral theologian to ponder a puzzling trend that I might provocatively title “Burning food for fuel.”
Most notably, this is done in the production of ethanol, which uses corn. Increasingly, the government, likely pressured by certain industries and lobbies, is requiring that 10% of fuels be composed of ethanol.
Of course this requires an enormous amount of corn, which would seem to skew agriculture and the food supply. At a bare minimum it would seem that the price of corn would rise. Corn is a fairly basic staple of the world’s food supply and raising its price would seem to harm the poor especially. Further, as corn becomes more lucrative, it seems likely that more of it would be planted and less of other necessities such as rice, barley, and other grains. This doesn’t seem very good either.
Consider some excerpts from an article (on Oxfam America’s website) that I read recently:
Ethanol has been touted as the solution to our energy and climate crises. [But] Ethanol is not the answer to our oil dependency. Even if all the corn grown in the US was used for fuel, it would replace only one out of six gallons.
Meanwhile, ethanol is contributing to global hunger. Last year, 40 percent of corn grown in the US went to fuel instead of food. If all the land used to grow biofuels for the EU in 2008 had instead been used to grow food, it could have fed 127 million people for an entire year. Major land grabs are happening all over the world, often propelled by the market’s demand for biofuels, leaving marginalized communities without access to traditional land and water to grow food….
The governors of North Carolina and Arkansas have asked the EPA to waive the renewable fuel standards mandate, which requires at least 10 percent of unleaded gasoline be made from ethanol. Waiving the corn ethanol mandate will lead to an estimated 7.4 percent drop in global corn prices, which will in turn lower prices for meat, milk, eggs, and more. For people living in poverty who spend up to 75 percent of their income on food, this small change can make a big impact.
Turning corn into fuel only compounds global hunger. America cannot build our own energy security on the back of people living in poverty—it is morally indefensible and wrong for our own energy, climate, and national security interests. We have an opportunity right now to press the pause button on misguided US corn ethanol policy by telling the EPA to waive the corn ethanol mandate.
These are excerpts; the full article is here: Burning down the house to heat it.
I cannot vouch for or verify all of the points in this article, and I know nothing about Oxfam. But to put it again in a provocative way: burning food for fuel seems to go against common sense to me.
Food is a very precious and necessary commodity. Fuel is surely important, but it is secondary to food. Given that we can easily fuel our machinery with something other than food, it seems foolish to burn large quantities of food for fuel.
I would like to know your thoughts on this. Perhaps you will want to school me on some basic economic issues that I’m forgetting. Perhaps it is possible that we have such an overabundance of food that burning some of it for fuel actually makes sense.
But something tells me this is a very bad idea—maybe even immoral if it has severe effects on the poor and the hungry throughout the world, as I suspect it will.
Something else tells me that this is rooted more in an irrational fear and hatred of the petroleum industry, pressure by agricultural lobbies, and a misguided environmentalism that worries more about pollution than feeding the hungry.
But I realize these are complex issues, and what I really want to do is generate a discussion, share information, raise concerns, and perhaps alleviate some of them. Let me know what you think.
Here’s a different point of view:


How to Plant, Grow, and Harvest Garlic
Before you choose a variety of garlic, you need to consider your climate, which determines whether you plant a hardneck or softneck variety. Then you need to consider your cooking because different varieties have different taste profiles, from mild to sweet to bold to spicy!
Hardnecks are the best choice for Northern gardeners. They are extremely cold hardy for harsh winters. These grow one ring of fat cloves around a hard stem, with fewer but larger cloves per bulb than softnecks.
Bonus! Hardnecks produce flower stems, aka “scapes,” which must be cut to encourage the bulbs to reach their full potential. The scapes themselves are an early summer treat, delicious if chopped into salads or added to stir-fries.
Popular hardneck varieties: ‘Music’ (on the mild side yet rich and mellow); ‘Chesnok Red’ (mild and sweet, creamy texture when roasted); ‘Early Italian’ (sweeter flavor that won’t overpower dishes); ‘German Red’ (robust, classic garlic flavor which cooks love); ‘Spanish Roja’ (strong and hot, heirloom with classic garlic flavor)
Softnecks are more common with Southern gardeners, growing well in warm climates with warm winters. They have more intense flavors and tend to grow bigger bulbs with smaller cloves per bulb because energy is not being diverted to top-set bulblets like hardnecks.
They do not have scapes, but they store better than hardnecks. Like their name suggests, they have necks that stay soft after harvest, and therefore are the types that you’ll see braided together.
Popular softneck varieties: ‘California White Early’ (classic moderate garlic flavor, most popular grocery store type, harvest in spring); ‘California White Late’ (harvest in summer); ‘Inchelium Red’ (wonderful but mild garlic flavor, superior storage life); ‘Silver White’ (classic garlic, great storage, excellent for beginner); ‘Lorz Italian’ (hot and zesty heirloom, popular with cooks).
Elephant garlic isn’t a true garlic, but it is grown similarly to hardneck varieties, requiring a long cool growing season in zones 3 through 9. Most types take about 90 days to harvest once growth starts. Despite its size, it has quite a mild flavor, more similar to onion and shallots than traditional garlic. Bulbs and cloves are large (up to one pound each!), with just a few cloves to a bulb.


ILOILO City – Regional farmers group Paghugpong sang mga Mangunguma sa Panay kag Guimaras (PAMANGGAS) lamented the regional agriculture office’s slow response to farmers affected by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) calamity this year.
In a picket-dialogue the group held at the regional office of the Department of Agriculture (DA) in Hamungaya, Jaro, farmers said that they are finding it hard to look for seeds and they are sure they’ll be indebted once again to usurers and loan sharks in order to plant this cropping season.
Rene Estrada, a rice farmer in Janiuay said that “it will be of great help if the government could provide seeds for us affected farmers. That will mean a deduction already from the loans we would incur. But the question remains, when will it come to us? We have been demanding for more than a month now and yet not a single rice seed has been provided to us.”
PAMANGGAS chairperson Lucia Capaducio added that now is the time for the agency to immediately release the seeds intended for the farmers.
“The rainy season has come but we are left with no seeds to plant due to the effect of the long drought and because of the slow government response, the farmers have no option but to go into loans which aggravates their already bankrupt state.”
Meanwhile during the dialogue, the farmers were faced by Rene Famoso, operations division chief of the DA Region 6, in behalf of its regional director who is in Manila.
The DA clarified that they have already allocated 27,000 bags of hybrid rice seeds that are ready for distribution to different municipalities affected by El Niño. According to the agency, Region 6 or Western Visayas has 322,000 hectares of agricultural and they have supposedly allocated 32,000 bags of rice seeds but their buffer stock now is only 27,000.
The regional office added that they have already allocated Php 22 million pesos for corn procurement intended for the victims of the calamity, however, it will only be distributed by September for the next cropping season.
Indigenous group Tumandok meanwhile wept that they are being left out by the government when calamities strike.
Reynaldo Giganto, spokesperson of the largest indigenous group Tumandok in Central Panay said that “government help reaches us the longest because our areas are very far but the government are not making great strides to address this problem which has been going on for decades every time there is a disaster.”
While the seeds are already available, the agency said they will still be needing the final list of affected farmers from various municipalities in order to implement the distribution.
“As of the today, June 26, only partial lists were submitted to us,” said Famoso.
PAMANGGAS vowed to continue to pursue the necessary help needed by farmers.
So far, only two provinces have declared to be under the state of calamity, the provinces of Iloilo and Antique. In Iloilo alone, almost 500,000 farmers are affected while about 300,000 farmers in Antique. In Capiz, about 9,000 rice farmers are affected according to the Office of the Provincial Agriculturist./www.panaytoday.net


Did you know that ERA MATEA® Manzanilla Cacereña EVOO can take your dishes to a whole new level? Discover why this gourmet oil is the secret ingredient that every food lover needs in their kitchen.
Grown in a unique valley between northern Cáceres and southern Salamanca, Manzanilla Cacereña extra virgin olive oil is famous for its intense, bitter, spicy and fruity flavour. Its high oleic acid content makes it a healthy and delicious option to enhance any dish.
Here we explain the reasons in detail:
This is a very high quality olive oil obtained directly from our own olive trees using mechanical processes and without the use of heat or chemical additives.
This process guarantees that the oil retains all its nutritional properties, as well as its characteristic flavour and aroma.
The juice of the manzanilla cacereña variety olives is of high quality, harvested at veraison (optimum ripening point) and presents a balance between spicy, bitter and sweet.
High green fruitiness reminiscent of freshly cut grass, green apple, fruit salad and tomato, making this oil a real perfume to dress our best dishes and delight your guests.
High concentration of oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid of the omega 9 series. In olive oil in general, concentrations are between 55 and 80% and in the case of manzanilla cacereña we find values between 78 and 85%.
Oleic acid has a beneficial effect on the blood vessels, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is especially recommended for raw consumption, salads, fish or as part of a good breakfast.
Manzanilla cacereña extra virgin olive oil is much more than just a simple ingredient.
Discover how its antioxidant properties, its oleic acid content and its other surprising benefits>> can improve your health and your dishes.
The manufacturing process of ERA MATEA® begins with the harvesting of the olives in mid-October, before they are fully ripe, in order to obtain a higher quality.
This is carried out manually or by means of mechanical systems that do not damage the fruit.
The olives are then transported with optimum hygiene and in the shortest possible time to avoid fermentation.
Once in the mill, the olives are carefully cleaned and ground using advanced technology.
The olive paste obtained is blended to facilitate the extraction of the oil, maintaining a temperature that does not exceed 30°C. In this way, undesirable changes in the flavour and aroma of the final product are avoided.
In order to preserve the exceptional characteristics of our EVOO, we store it in stainless steel containers. Maintaining a stable and mild temperature environment, in a place without light and free of alterations.
Want to get the most out of manzanilla cacereña extra virgin olive oil? Here you will find delicious recipes and usage tips that will help you experiment with this versatile ingredient and elevate your dishes to a whole new level.
It differs from other varieties of olive oil in several respects.
Firstly, it is produced from olives of the Manzanilla Cacereña variety, which is grown only between the north of Extremadura and the south of Salamanca. Its climate is perfect for the origin of a gourmet oil.
Secondly, Manzanilla Cacereña olive oil has a sweet and fruity taste, with aromas of almond, banana, apple and grass, and a balance between bitter and spicy.
Thirdly, it is due to the combination of favourable climatic factors in the region where this olive variety is grown.
In short, Manzanilla Cacereña AOVE has unique organoleptic characteristics that make it different from other olive oil varieties.
It is special because of its exceptional flavour, intense aroma and unique properties. It comes from a specific variety of olive, the manzanilla cacereña, grown in the area of northern Extremadura and southern Salamanca, Spain, and produced using an artisanal process that guarantees its quality and purity.
It is obtained through a process of careful selection of the olives, which guarantees the preservation of their characteristic flavour and aroma, as well as their nutritional properties.
The acidity of 100% manzanilla cacereña gourmet olive oil is usually very low, generally below 0.3%, indicating its high quality and purity. A low acidity index is an indication of a premium quality extra virgin olive oil.
If properly preserved, it can last between 18 and 24 months. However, once opened, it is recommended to consume it within 3 to 6 months to enjoy its optimum flavour and aroma.
To enjoy our gourmet manzanilla cacereña oil to the fullest, we recommend using it raw, as a dressing for salads, vegetables or fish. It is also ideal for dressing breads, toasts and tapas, highlighting its unique flavour and aroma.
One of the best-kept secrets in culinary art is the wisdom of combining ingredients and cooking techniques to create exceptional dishes. Today, we are going
The history of the origin of olive oil in Spain is a narrative deeply rooted in the depths of time. We travel to the fertile
Have you ever dreamt of savoring the deepest and richest flavors of the olive right in your kitchen? When you buy olive oil online, this


The Distributed Urban Farming Initiative (DUFI) was created by Advent GX that unites agriculture with community development, nutrition, and local economic development. The goal of the project was not simply to build gardens, but rather use local agriculture to encourage healthy food choices, promote good health and spur economic growth through entrepreneurship and tourism.The city of Bryan graciously granted access to vacant properties in, and around historic downtown for the testing of the distributed farm concept. These once unused plots will become beautiful attractions and valuable assets to the city and community members alike. Our DUFi demonstration garden has been home to private garden parties, kids camps, summer concerts, educational field trips and, of course, demonstration gardens.
Advent GX Developed the Distributed Urban Farming Initiative to convert otherwise empty and forgotten urban lots into eatable landscapes and usable community spaces. Advent GX helped Texas communities,state governments, and private businesses achieve success. We assisted with concept development and design in order to create a sustainable garden design. We enhanced the brand development helped effectively market and promote DUFi. Without our assistance it would have been difficult to implement this concept into small towns due to lack of financial resources and a shortage of dedicated human capital. Today, Advent GX seeks to launch a distributed urban farm program to support community development goals while generating economic opportunity and encouraging healthy lifestyles. To find out more about the Distributed Urban Farming Initiative visit http://dufi.adventgx.com/ .


darwinian agriculture is a very important contribution to our understanding of the links between nature and agriculture and to the future of our human race denison underpins his arguments with an incredible wealth of insight and knowledge about plants animals physics chemistry biology and ecology. Ford denisons new book darwinian agriculture how understanding evolution can improve agriculture makes a strong and very personal case for the application of evolutionary principles to addressing the twin challenges of feeding an expanding human population while working to reduce agricultures environmental footprint. Up to now i have emphasized agricultural insights from understanding past evolution but evolution continues today weeds and insect pests in particular can evolve quickly with major effects on agriculture for example over 180 weed species have evolved resistance to a variety of weed killing herbicides316 this ongoing evolution will be the main focus of this chapter. Darwinian agriculture presents an entirely new approach to these challenges one that draws on the principles of evolution and natural selectionr ford denison shows how both biotechnology and traditional plant breeding can use darwinian insights to identify promising routes for crop genetic improvement and avoid costly dead ends denison explains why plant traits that have been genetically
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YINGKOU SANZHENG ORGANIC CHEMICAL CO., LTD. LIAONING CHINA
Address: No. 51, Xinxinli, Daqing Road, Zhanqian District, Yingkou City, Liaoning, China電話：0417-3638868
Zip code: 115001
Pesticide manufacturers must apply pesticides when pests and diseases occur during crop planting. When is the most effective playing time? China Pesticide No.1 is here to summarize some information for you. Cyanuric chloride is for reference only: the best spraying time for different crops in different seasons is somewhat different. For example, for cucumbers in greenhouses, generally speaking, In the summer and autumn high temperature season, the best time for pesticide application should be around 9 am and after 4 pm on a sunny day. Around 9 o'clock in the morning, the dew is generally dry and the temperature is not too high. At the same time, it is the most vigorous time for pests and diseases. At this time, the effect of medication is good; after 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the light becomes weaker and the temperature becomes lower, causing night-borne pest (Whiteflies, thrips) start to be active, and spraying at this time also has a higher bactericidal effect. Practice has proved that spraying pesticides in summer, whether it is for food crops, vegetable crops, cash crops, or fruit trees, should be between 8 and 10 in the morning and around 5 in the afternoon for synthetic ammonia manufacturers. What is the reason for this?
This is because: around 9 am, the dew is generally dry and the temperature is not too high. It is the most vigorous time for sunrise pests to feed, move, and mate. Therefore, the medicine at this time will not be washed or diluted by the dew. Reduce the efficacy of the drug, and will not affect the efficacy of the drug due to the decomposition of the drug due to high temperature. On the contrary, the use of pesticides at this time will increase the chances of pests to eat and touch the pesticides, effectively increasing the lethality of pesticides. At about 5 o'clock in the afternoon, the sun was already westward. It was at the time of "Nippon Medicine Xishan Evening Day". At this time, the light faded and the nocturnal pests began to be active (feeding, mating, etc.). Higher killing effect.
Also note that pesticides should not be sprayed at noon. Therefore, the temperature is high and the sun is strong, and some pests are afraid of strong light and hide in the backlight, or even stop their activities. In addition, the drug properties decompose quickly under high temperature, so the efficacy of the drug is reduced. At the same time, the general liquid medicine evaporates faster at noon, which can easily lead to human and animal poisoning.
In winter and spring low temperature seasons, the appropriate time for pesticide application is 2:30 to 3:30 in the afternoon. Because the temperature in the shed is low in winter and spring, photosynthesis gradually enters the peak period after the leaf dew recedes in the morning. If spraying in the morning will definitely affect the temperature increase and reduce the photosynthetic efficiency, it is not appropriate to use the medicine in the morning. Never spray medicine at noon on a sunny day. Because the temperature in the shed is high when spraying at noon, the high temperature easily promotes the decomposition of the medicine and the volatilization of the active ingredients of the medicine. In addition, the vitality of crops will become vigorous in hot weather, and the stomata on the leaves will be open and large. If the medicament is sprayed at this time, the medicament will easily penetrate into the crops, which greatly increases the probability of damage. In addition, when spraying at noon, the chemical activity of the medicament will become stronger, and the toxicity of the pesticide will also become larger, and it is very prone to poisoning accidents by the sprayer.


Wine Grape Equipment and Services Classifieds — Paso Robles, California
The Wine Grape Growing Industry Classifieds section of the online IGGPRA Marketplace connects over 200 Paso Robles, California AVA wine grape industry members with available and wanted wine grape growing and winemaking equipment. The listings include resources such as bins, trellises, irrigation equipment, pumps, or barrels for the growing and winemaking of Sangiovese, Viognier, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Zinfandel, Syrah and many more Central Coast, California grapes.
New Northstar 26 gallon spray tank. $39
Kaweah's Run Vineyard
New in box. Includes cap. For spraying with quad or other small ATV.
Phone: (805) 712-8810
4M Vineyards/Estrella Creek Wines
2004 Guardian Liquid-cooled Standby generator by Generac Power Systems. Only used during set-up. Orig. price: $8,500; Sell for $3,000 or make offer.
Phone: (805) 467-3896
5,000 Gallon Plastic Water Tank for Sale $750.00
Precision Ag Consulting
I have a 5,000 gallon green plastic water tank for sale. It had been used for winery waste water so would need a through cleaning for drinking water. Would be excellent for irrigation water or fire water storage.
Comes with valves and 12 foot 2 inch hose with couplers
Phone: (805) 239-1270


Together We Grow At Home project with seeds sent to care home residents
Gardening improves Care Home residents' physical and mental wellbeing
Team Fans has been working with Together We Grow and the community volunteers of Big Friendly Gardeners to share the pleasure of planting and growing over the Spring months. Many of our residents were avid gardeners and really enjoyed getting their hands dirty again! This opportunity was so popular in keeping resdients in over 20 Care Homes in North Essex and rural Care Homes in the Maldon district actively engaged and enjoying nature. The photos really tell the story!
Together We Grow is a Community Interest Company which focusses on issues such as health & wellbeing, the benefits of the natural environment and the importance of bringing the community together. This scheme built on Together We Grow’s strong track record as a horticultural social enterprise to improve physical and mental wellbeing, the interests in gardening identified through the FaNs Wishing Washing Line and our Charity's expertise in enabling care home residents to engage with a community organisation. Seeds and compost were provided by Perrywood Garden Centre.
Anne, one of the fabulous volunteers from Together We Grow At Home 2021 worked hard to ensure the growing packs were ready for local care home residents. Some of the local Colchester seed deliveries were done by Lee on his electric bike.
Seed & growing packs were distributed to participants in March through to May. For those with more limited mobility in hands we used Seed Cell kits with seeds within a compostable cell which can be directly planted. Compost bags were also provided to go along with these kits which included seeds for: Salad Patch; Pizza Topper; Veg Patch; Herb Garden
The seeds offered could be grown in containers on a windowsill, with full instructions and support available. There was also an opportunity to join Zoom meetings and a WhatsApp group. It was hoped hope that participants would also be able to develop their skills at the Together We Grow site in High Woods Country Park, culminating in a community event in the autumn. However, these aspects of the scheme were put on hold due to the Covid restrictions this year.
Thanks to Wayne, Anne, Lee and everyone on the team, SeedCell and Perrywood Garden Centre for their help and support.


We pride ourselves in being truly development oriented. We have played a significant role in developing the small scale poultry industry and increasing the consumption of protein.
Our aim is to:
Introduce the latest methods in livestock production;
Increase protein production and consumption in Zambia;
Help Zambia achieve household food security;
Support the local crop chemical industry & feed manufacturers; and,
Transforming small scale farmers into commercial farmers.
We are distributors for Bayer, MSD, Pfizer (Zoetis), Virbac, & numerous manufacturers of very specialized products.
We support the local crop chemical industry & feed manufacturers. Seeing the need for an independent diagnostic laboratory, AgriVet was instrumental in bringing the local livestock industry together to establish Zambia’s first privately owned Vet. Diagnostic Facility, Vetlab Zambia Ltd which was recently sold to another S. African company, Deltamune who specialize in diagnostics.
In 2003, Zambia produced approx. 23 Million Broiler Chicken & in 2015, they produced approx. 77 Million Broiler Chicken – we have played a significant role in increasing protein consumption. We believe we have been a catalyst to many marginalized individuals who have shifted from being back yard farmers to emerging commercial farmers.
” We are distributors for Bayer, MSD, Pfizer (Zoetis), Virbac, & numerous manufacturers of very specialized products. “
To improve our overall offering, AgriVet’s personnel engage on an ongoing basis with various stake holders such as feed manufacturers (i.e. Nutritionists), red & white meat producers, dairy & layer (i.e. egg) industry etc. In our quest to provide Zambian livestock producers with the most up to date information & products, our personnel attend continuous professional development courses both locally and internationally (but mainly in RSA).
We look forward to engaging with progressive South African Academics, Livestock Industry, manufacturers of related goods & services & departments like trade & industry & agriculture.
Zambia was home to many stalwarts of our liberation struggle – We at AgriVet Africa believe, that the South African government is obliged to play a more meaningful role in the development of Zambia. AgriVet is willing & has the experience and expertise to play a role whereby we can return the gesture of solidarity.
To create opportunity for Zambian Veterinarians whereby they can become franchisees of our successful model & replicate our activity at a local level. The result is improved protein production, consumption & at a lower cost. We also provide a consultancy service to the livestock sector in Zambia and beyond.
Our Agronomy team services the needs of horticulture and crop producers through disease identification and providing appropriate cost effective solutions. We have recently introduced a product to improve soil quality and plant immunity, thus decreasing dependence on artificial fertilizers and chemicals.
Agrivet Africa Ltd is aproud distributor for all leading , research based manufacturers mainly from USA, Europe and Asia. Our portfolio continues to grow based on the need of the local market and constantly improving farming practices


A soybean seedlings dataset for soil condition and genotype classification
ResumoWe have witnessed the exponential growth of the number of Deep Learning techniques as well as their technical and theoretical advancements. Nowadays, the researchers’ effort is also focusing on the applicability of those well-founded concepts. One target is precision agriculture, the area of farming management guided by observation, measurement, and data analysis. Generalization is a real challenge regarding the farm environment. The visual information used during the model’s test phase may be exposed to a significant variation in light and weather conditions and visual differences due to plant growth stages. Another challenge is the cost of collecting and labeling data. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been used in many applications, such as detecting diseases, distinguishing animal species and plant genotypes, and identifying the plant’s environmental characteristics. A large volume of data is required to enable the model to generalize well in these real farm conditions. One open problem is the study of which soybean genotypes best adapt to the soil compaction condition, aiming to increase crop productivity. This problem is a candidate to be solved using CNNs; however, an image dataset is necessary to train the model. In this paper, we proposed a dataset with approximately 1,000 soybean seedlings images from 30 different genotypes grown in compacted and non-compacted soil conditions. To demonstrate the dataset representativeness, we trained classic CNN models to classify soil conditions based only on the visual information and then interpreted the model learning using visual explanation methods. We also raised possible future work for using the dataset in the precision agriculture field.
Palavras-chave: Productivity, Visualization, Analytical models, Adaptation models, Solid modeling, Transfer learning, Soil
NASCIMENTO, Bruno; RIBEIRO, Marcos; SILVA, Laércio; CAPOBIANGO, Nayara; SILVA, Michel. A soybean seedlings dataset for soil condition and genotype classification. In: CONFERENCE ON GRAPHICS, PATTERNS AND IMAGES (SIBGRAPI), 35. , 2022, Natal/RN. Anais [...]. Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2022 .


Russo, Helena Mannochio1; Goncalves Nunes, Wilhan Donizete1; Bolzani, Vanderlan da Silva1; Ionashiro, Massao1 Caires, Flavio Junior1, 2
Niedenzuella multiglandulosa is a plant species known for having high toxicity and to cause death in cattle and sheep, promoting economic losses in Brazilian trade balance difficult to estimate. This work aims to evaluate the potential of thermoanalytical techniques (TG–DSC, TG-FTIR) and FTIR to identify compositional differences between the powder samples and methanolic extracts of young and old leaves. The TG–DSC profile for young and old leaves powder and extract presented some differences, mainly in the fourth mass loss step, that was attributed to the greater content of tannins in old leaves as also evidenced by FTIR. The cyclic DSC and TG curves showed that the leaves samples are highly hygroscopic, adsorbing water vapor even from the controlled humidity atmosphere. This characteristic thermal behavior can be useful for sample identification and characterization.
1 Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Instituto de Química, Araraquara, São Paulo – Brazil
2 Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências, Bauru, São Paulo – Brazil
Link para o artigo : https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10973-017-6951-7


Organisation of African Youth in March secured multiple hectares of rich prime land for our agriculture entrepreneurial initiatives in Zimbabwe and South Africa. We have been given the full use of a Farm in Rustenburg, South Africa for free lease. There also is a farm in Zimbabwe which we will start utilising in May, that has been made available for members in Zimbabwe.
The farms were donated by private citizens in support of Agricultural projects for youth.
Our intention is to develop a commercial poultry production at first for both farms, run by our members to raise capital for their own initiatives. The farms will be a training ground for those willing to take up agribusiness. Thereafter we will move to horticulture, vegetables and diversified animal husbandry, while we acquire new properties.
The Agriculture project is soon to expand to other countries where we are able to get farming land. Possible countries where we are exploring partnerships are Nigeria, Liberia, Ghana, Tanzania, Malawi, Swaziland and Zambia
We are appealing to those who can assit youth with inputs, land, expertise, funding and other resources to contact us.
We need every possible support to empower our youth through agriculture, "to feed the future" of Africa
Last Updated (Tuesday, 13 March 2012 19:15)


Grow A Little Herb Garden
3:17 PM EDT on April 7, 2022
It's spring! Hurray! I demand that you grow some herbs in some little pots. Or anyway that is what I am going to do, so I might as well write a blog about it.
I am going to grow my herbs in pots on my patio, as I do every year, but you can just as easily setup your little herb garden by a window. This gives you no excuse for not doing this, unless you live in a tunnel. (If you live in a tunnel, you will have to grow your herbs on the roof.) If you do not live in a tunnel, then you will have a nice little herb garden, and you can pluck some fresh herbs from it to include in cooking, or simply because fresh herbs smell good. Let's plant and grow some herbs! Here is how you can plant and grow some herbs by the window.
At my latitude on the planet, as well as most of the other reasonable ones, the second week of April is close to the end of the ideal time period for planting herb seeds. It may also seem intimidating to you if you are not someone who typically grows things more complicated than your own hair. That's OK. In all likelihood you can plant and grow some herbs from seedlings, and then later, when you are more comfortable with that, you can graduate to growing them from seeds. We'll get to that in a second.
Alternatively, if you are reading this blog in a March of the future (or, more radically, if you have somehow sorted out how to read it several weeks ago), and you want to grow herbs from seeds, you can do that. Let's cover that first.
You will need seeds for as many different varieties of herb as you wish to grow; this time of year, these can be found in little paper packets for sale at many hardware stores, garden supply stores, and even some supermarkets and drugstores. You'll need some type of little jar or container for each herb plant you want to grow; this can of course be a little flower pot, but it can just as easily be a mason jar or an empty and washed jar that used to have grape jelly or peanut butter or shameful store-bought pasta sauce in it. Ideally any jar you use for this will be, oh, let's say five or six inches deep; this will give the herb space to grow lots of roots, which will make for a healthy and happy herb plant with lots of leaves for you to amputate, horribly, from its body.
If you have some vague alarming sense that a pot for growing things must have holes for "drainage," do not worry: You do not have to figure out how to drill holes in a jar. "Drainage" just means that the roots of your plants must not be allowed to sit fully submerged in water at the bottom of the pot. If you can come into possession of, oh, enough gravel or pebbles to fill the bottom inch or two of each jar, that will provide the drainage your herbs will need, by giving the water a place to collect below the plant's roots. You can get bags of pebbles at certain pet stores that sell fish for fish tanks. Alternatively, I will look out for the feds while you stuff your pockets with gravel at a nearby construction site.
You will need potting soil. This is different from regular dirt in that it is fortified with nutrients. If the hardware store or garden supply store or Home Depot or whatever had packets of seeds, it almost certainly has bags of potting soil.
Strictly speaking you do not need but could certainly use either some plastic wrap, or the cut-off bottom ends of some plastic water bottles of the sort you would get from a vending machine. We'll get to why in a second.
You will also need one (1) window, with some kind of surface near it on which you could station your little herb garden so that it has access to the sun coming through that window. This is true whether you are planting seeds or seedlings. What herbs you plant will depend, at least a little bit, on where that window can be found on its host building. We'll get to that in a moment.
If you are planting seeds, the planting part is pretty straightforward. Fill the bottom inch or two of each jar with your gravel or pebbles. Scoop potting soil in there until the jar is filled to around an inch below the rim; don't bother tamping the soil down, as tightly packed soil will be inhospitable to baby herb plants that are trying to grow roots. Scatter a couple of seeds of one type of herb across the soil, then pile another half-inch or so of soil on top of them. Gently water this jar of dirt just enough that the soil seems wet all the way down, then stretch some plastic wrap loosely over the top, or put one of those water-bottle-bottoms upside-down over the area where the seed is, like a little dome, to help the plant retain moisture while it's still a teeny little baby seed. Station the jar near the window. Water it gently and moderately from time to time, to keep the seed moist, whenever the top of the soil feels dry to the touch. Eventually you will see a little seedling poking out of the soil; nothing much changes at that point. Keep watering that sucker when it seems like it needs it.
You are not planting an oak tree, here; the goal is not for this herb to live 250 years and shade a forest. The goal is for this thing to provide aroma and flavor to foods that you make for a few months, after which it can go screw. Accordingly, don't fret too much about it. If it is green and growing, you are doing fine. If it is dead, well, then you have killed it, a vulnerable living thing, a whole life that depended upon you for its survival, and you will go to hell for all time.
If you are not into the idea of starting from seeds, or if you are reading this in May, that is fine. You can simply buy a young herb seedling or plant, transplant it into some type of container, and tend to it. This, on the whole, is the easier way to do it.
Many of the garden stores and Home Depot-type places that sell seed packets also, at this time of year, sell little baby herb seedlings. For that matter, many supermarkets and grocery stores nowadays sell little hydroponically-grown herb plants in plastic sleeves; these are fantastically easy to transplant and tend to, as they have tons and tons of roots already and are all set to thrive. The drawback to these, as I see it, is that you will not have the solemn pride of having grown the plant from a seed; I am not really a solemn pride type of guy, so I don't give a frig about that.
The supplies are the same for this. So are the steps, pretty much! Gravel and then potting soil into the destination jar, just like above. Gently lift the seedling (or plant) out of whatever container it came in; with your hand, gently sorta loosen the little root ball at the base of the plant. Place that sucker root-down into the destination jar. Pile potting soil around it, once again not packing it too tightly, just so that it sits solidly upright in there and all of the roots are below the surface of the soil. Water it gently, around the outside of the root ball, to encourage the roots to spread. Water it some more when the soil seems dry.
Eventually, whether you started from seed or from seedling, you will have a thriving and growing herb plant or plants, and you will be ready to harvest some herbs.
With herbs like parsley and cilantro, with lot of thin tender stems topped by a small group of leaves, snip the stem down at the base of any leaves you want to harvest, and try not to use more than a few stems' worth of leaves at a go, so that you're never too abruptly taking a huge chunk out of the plant's ability to gather sunlight. (The nice thing is, your fresh home-grown parsley or cilantro will be more fragrant and flavorful than the stuff sold in bunches at the grocery store, so you won't need much of it for any one use.) This also applies to chives: It's fine to just snip off a few chives down at the base, so long as you leave most of the chives for sunlight gathering. By midsummer the chive plant might be bountiful enough that you can harvest a handful of chives a few times a week without harming the plant.
With basil, which grows a gazillion leaves all up and down a handful of thick stalks, snip big leaves right off the stem; if you take a few leaves off every day, the basil plant will be happy and bountiful. Even if you don't think you have a culinary use for three or four big basil leaves on a given day, go ahead and snip 'em. You can crunch them up in your hand and smell them and that will be nice.
With mint and oregano and thyme, just snip off what strikes you as a moderate and not murderous length of stem, and use the leaves from it. The beastly mint truly will not care how much mint you take from it. A healthy mint plant (all mint plants are healthy) is like the dang T-1000. I am not going to list any other herbs. There are lots and lots of herbs and only so many blogging hours in the day.
OK. I said we would discuss the window thing. The window thing is, it matters at least a little bit which direction the window faces: Some sides of the building will get more daily sunlight than others, as you probably have noticed in your lifetime. For example, if your window is on the east or even the northeast side of the building, the sunlight it gets will be morning sunlight, and in the afternoon it will be in deep shade. Despite its reputation as a sun-lover, basil will probably grow just fine in this window; so will cilantro. If your window faces north, you may have a hard time getting pretty much any herb to grow all that well there, unless you station some reflectors outside the window to redirect sunlight onto it (this actually works!). If you have a south-facing window that isn't blocked by a hundred-story building, you are in luck: Parsley and chives and most varieties of oregano will grow happily there. Mint will grow happily and insanely pretty much anywhere, possibly up to including the surface of Pluto. Other herbs will tell you, on their seed packet or the lil' tab they stick down into the soil of seedlings, how much sun they need; some of these will overstate things (you really can grow a perfectly healthy basil plant in partial sun, for example, despite any claims that it needs "full sun"), but it's probably better to err on the side of believing what they say.
One last thing! Certain varieties of herb—most especially basil and cilantro, at my latitude on the earth—will want to do a thing called "bolting" when the weather gets hot and dry. Bolting is when they grow flowers and seeds, their stems turn woody, their leaves turn small, and they lose their potency as ingredients. This will be a thing to look out for by July, particularly if your herbs are growing in a south-facing window. You can prevent this from happening by keeping them well watered, harvesting from them pretty regularly (so that they're always putting their energy into replacing the harvested leaves, rather than shifting into Sex Mode), and, in the case of basil especially, giving them more shade than the lying "full sun" label suggests.
But that is a concern for the future. In the meantime, you will have a cute little green garden of herbs growing in the window; some life to tend to and nurture. Your herbs will return the favor: Their need for regular harvesting will be a gentle prompt to think creatively about what you will cook, and the things you cook will taste and smell extra good. A good deal all around.


Hands-on Family Gardening
Martha Lafite Thompson Nature Sanctuary needs your help caring for the spring community garden. Come lend a hand, learn, and have fun! All ages are welcome. All supplies will be provided!
Please email [email protected] to register or with any questions. Let us know which day or days you plan to attend.
Upon arrival to MLTNS, check in with the 4-H volunteer at the picnic shelter, adjacent to the garden.
This program is in partnership with 4-H and the University of Missouri Extension.


You will prepare and submit a term paper on Organics food:are they safer More nutritious. Your paper should be a minimum of 750 words in length.
You will prepare and submit a term paper on Organics food:are they safer More nutritious. Your paper should be a minimum of 750 words in length. Such chemicals make the foods lose their natural quality. If a product is labeled “organic”, it means that a government-approved certifier has approved the quality of the food. This certifier has inspected where the food came from, to ensure that the food is, in fact, organic. Although it is not scientifically proven how an organic food is more healthful than non-organic food, but it is believed that since organic foods are grown in the most naturally possible way, thus, they are better for health than non-organic foods, whether grown at small scale or large. This report argues that organic foods are safer and healthier than non-organic foods. Organic Foods are Safer and More Nutritious Whether organic food is safer and more nutritious than non-organic conventional food is still a debate, but some studies, that have compared the organoleptic quality of both types of foods, have shown that organic food is better in taste and healthfulness (Sample, 2007). Two factors are responsible for this: higher levels of antioxidants and lower levels of average crop yields. When the aim is high crop yield, farmers tend to ignore the organoleptic quality of the crops. Availability of nitrogen to foods is also influential upon the quality and taste. Conventional farming involves lower levels of such antioxidants, thus, the integrity of cells is affected. Higher levels of nitrates tend to spoil the food. Since organic foods have lower levels of nitrates, and relatively higher levels of antioxidants, they have longer life when they come to market shelves. There have been many studies comparing organic and conventional apples for taste and quality. and, researchers have found that organic apples come out better, because they store better, are crispier, and juicier, no matter what the method and length of storage is. Due to better nutritional value, it is very beneficial for people to start their own organic farming at small scale, in the vicinity of their own homes. Literature suggests that doing so not only reduces the cost of food production, but is also right according to sustainable living, because the naturally grown food is in compatibility with the natural environment. Organic farming is a result of enhancement in natural biological cycles in soil, crop, and livestock. For example, nutrients that are cycling in the soil have to be properly managed. natural predators of crop pests have to be encouraged. and, natural immunity in livestock/animals has to be developed. Soil fertility is enhanced through nitrogen fixation by legumes. Soil organic matter is improved. Pollution is avoided. Organic farmers make sure that the production is never sprayed with chemicals, insect repellents, synthetic hormones, and other synthetic sprays, so that the quality remains at its highest level. Hence, organic farming is done under natural processes, and non-renewable materials used as fossil and fertilizers, are avoided. All of this effort results in better quality food, which is nutritious as well as safer as compared to non-organic food.
Be Smart, Order this paper Now


Malva moschata alba seeds
Flower Seeds Flowers; Trees & Shrubs; Grasses; Climbers; Collections The white form, Malva moschata 'Alba', is best for the garden. In cultivation, Malva moschata alba, the white version, is a
more. Id-Code: MG 038 - JELITTO GOLD NUGGET SEED ® Family: Malvaceae Origin: Europe, North Africa MALVA MOSCHATA Description: Musky-perfumed, rose pink bowl-shaped flowers. Id-Code: MA 038 Family:
Malvaceae Origin: Europe, North Africa Special features: True white. Malva moschata var. alba Garden Plant Information Name.
Lychnis coronaria seed, MALVA moschata f. alba Musk Mallow. Malva moschata grows in most conditions, and will self-seed where happy. Join this friendly global community that shares tips and ideas for
home and gardens, along with seeds and plants. Mail order perennial flower seed - many unusual varieties. This short-lived perennial freely sets seed which is viable for a long period. The flowering
stems can be cut back after flowering (or seed-collection.
Malva moschata alba propagation
Plant Propagation at Burncoose; Latest News; Newsletter. Musk mallow | - Burncoose Nurseries - plants by mail order. Malva moschata f. alba; annual Mallows (4 species) section Malva . weedy Mallows.
Every so often, one of the seedlings from my Musk Mallow (Malva moschata alba 'Pirouette. Due to our propagation and production schedules, not all plants will be available. Propagation: Malva
moschata 'Rosea' is propagated from cutting in spring or division of large clumps and by seed.
Propagation Methods: From seed; direct sow outdoors in fall From seed; winter sow. Plant Propagation at Burncoose; Latest News; Newsletter Registration; Plant Lectures. Malva moschata Alba A lovely
perennial of dry grassy places with white flowers throughout. Malva alcea is an dodecaploid with a chromosome count of 84. Lewis Hill wrote the best book I've found on propagation. Malva moschata
var. alba Garden Plant Information Name. Malva moschata 'Rosea' was featured as Plant of the Week.
Malva moschata f. alba
Easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soil in full sun. Malva moschata L. f. alba Musk Mallow Browse pictures and read growth / cultivation information about Musk Mallow (Malva moschata f.
alba) supplied by member gardeners in the PlantFiles database at Dave's. MALVA (Mallow) Free-flowering perennial grown for its abundant, attractive flowers.
The Malva Pages: Malva moschata f. alba. back to Musk Mallows back to Digital Herbarium more images The Malva Pages. The RHS online plant shop where you'll find a wide selection of new and unusual
plants grown for us by specialist nurseries in the UK. Culture. Id-Code: MA 038 Family: Malvaceae Origin: Europe, North Africa Special features: True white. View picture #5 of Musk Mallow (Malva
moschata f. alba) at Dave's Garden. An erect, bushy, woody based perennial which has slightly musk-scented leaves which from early summer to early autumn bears. Considered by many gardeners to be the
most desirable of the Malva species, this rare white-flowered form is even.


In May, my first course of the year will be a Learn to Scythe weekend at Bradwell in Derbyshire for Bradwell Community Orchard Group
The group’s organiser, Eleanor Dunn writes:
The village of Bradwell in the Peak District is perhaps best known for it’s icecream. The Orchard Group, formed in 2009, hope that in the future there will be no end of fruit to go with the icecream! We have planted around 40 different varieties of fruit tree – many types of apple, and some pear, plum, gage and cherry. But scythers will not be surpised to learn what a handful our crop of grass is proving to be.
Last year members of the group brought scythes to some of our monthly work parties, cutting paths through the grass in June, and continuing in July and August. At the end of the year a local contractor was paid for some strimming so this year we are hoping to swell the ranks of scythers and improve our skills by hosting a mowing course. Recently we have been raking the orchard grass in preparation for the scythe course.
The course takes place on May 19-20. The first day will introduce you to the scythe and the ‘tai-chi’ style of mowing. On the second day you will have the opportunity for some early morning mowing, learning to mow around trees and practical peening tuition. An ideal course for beginners and anyone looking for a refresher.
Contact Eleanor Dunn eleanor.dunn[at]hotmail.co.uk or phone 01433 621672.


Welcome to my Dubai based container vegetable gardening blog. ... from my old alma mater Texas A&M University/College Station about container gardening.Dubai Container Gardening - Image ResultsMore Dubai Container Gardening images
Welcome to my Dubai based container vegetable gardening blog. I recently recieved a comment from a reader name Sandra.
Find out about 'Dubai Container Gardening' on Indus Ladies. Dear friends, I just started my experiment planting vegetable seeds like tomatoes, brinjal, chillies ...
Pots and containers for indoor plants and outdoor plants. Sharon supply planter pots, containers, flower pots, soil, compost, decorative stones around Dubai.
Whether you're a green thumb, enjoy the serene beauty of a garden, or simply love your home, Dubai Garden Centre has something for everyone!
Dubai Container Gardening Part 2. By wildvirgo in forum Gardening Replies: 2 Last Post: 12th March 2012, 04:06 PM. My vegetable garden.
Gardening in Dubai. Sharon provides gardening, landscaping, garden maintenance, ... It's perfect for watering seedlings, new plantings and container gardens ...
United Arab Emirates Container, United Arab Emirates Container Suppliers and Manufacturers Directory - Source a Large Selection of Container Products at ...
garden.neardubailocalarea Dubai Garden Landscaping Services and Lawn Care Dubai. We provide a full range of landscaping services,
Dubai is one among seven members of the United Arab Emirates, ... Container Gardens; Greenhouses; Urban Gardens; Small Space Gardens; Yards & Lawns; Pests & Diseases.


Modern mowers, petrol hedge trimmers and chainsaws have taken much of the traditional hard work out of gardening. Top manufacturers such as Flymo, Bosch and Black & Decker have produced a selection of powered tools which mean large, heavy jobs can be completed rapidly and easily. For smaller areas a few good hand tools are ideal; a spade and a good hoe are handy for maintaining borders and flower beds.
When planning your garden, remember that there are a number of different options for planting; tubs, pots, trellises and hanging baskets may all make attractive homes for flowers and shrubs. They can also be easier to maintain than a full border, requiring only a hand trowel or fork to keep them weed free. If you need a hand with encouraging your garden to do well, a good fertiliser and pesticide to deter the bugs are always useful.


Our company is specialized in the transformation of sun-dried tomatoes.
We are located in Tunisia , in the region of Siliana. This area is known for its products quality and its climate.
Our goal is to produce premium sun dried tomatoes for the international market.
We provide supervision and control of all stages of the sun-dried tomato, from harvesting to production.
Our company has established cultivation contracts with about twenty farmers who work with us for many years.
These farmers, who are our partners, are supported and controlled by our engineers from the selection of seeds to harvest.
The quality of our control and monitoring allows us to always achieve the satisfaction of our customers.
Physical, chemical and microbiological tests are performed in a laboratory at all stages : from raw material to finished product.
Our goal is always to improve our infrastructure and procedures. We put everything in place to build with our customers a strong relationships in the long term .
We consider our buyers as partners, our philosophy is based on trust , honesty and integrity .
If you are looking for a reliable supplier, we are at your disposal for any information on our sun-dried tomatoes.


Mystica Crops Add-on
With Mystica Crops Add-on you will be able to plant magical plants, and then harvest in the form of ore!
Unlike similar mod Ore Crops, where you can also grow ore, in this addition you will not only get unique plants, but also a new mob, which will be able to collect its own harvest!
In total there are 8 types of seeds available, one for each type of resource. So you can build a full-fledged farm right in the backyard of your house, where coal, diamonds, and even neserite will automatically appear
Just imagine how much free time you’ll have for more useful things, because now you won’t have to search for resources in the mines!
As a harvest, you’ll be collecting pieces of this or that material. To get ready for use metal or charcoal, you’ll need to combine 4 pieces of a particular resource.
The Gardener’s Golem
Another unique feature of Minecraft plant mod Mystica Crops is the ability to create your own golem, which will support the farm and help you with the collection of resources!
The plant golem understands the following commands:
- Collect resources from grown plants;
- Navigate to a resource station;
- Collecting any resources from a given area;
- Stops resource gathering;
- Automatic mode.
The assembly station is a new unit that will be approached by the Gardener Golems and unload the collected resources.
In the screenshot with an example of a gathering station, under each white carpet is a loading funnel, which is what allows for automatic resource gathering.
More Crafting Features and Recipes
To make life even a little easier for the average Minecraft player, Mystica Crops has new gameplay mechanics that allow you to quickly obtain some resources.
For example, you can throw a water lily into the water, then apply the magic book on it to quickly get a “bell”.
If you drop this bell next to any block of wood, it will turn into a mystical log, necessary for new crafting recipes.
|Functionality tested on Minecraft||1.16.210 1.16.201|
|Platform||Android, iOS, Windows|


Besides chlorophyll, plants also use pigments such as carotenes and xanthophylls. On the other hand, cellular respiration produces the H2O and CO2 that are needed for photosynthesis. In cellular respiration, CO2 and H2O are produced along with the energy.
The carbon dioxide produced during respiration is released from the body and absorbed by plants to help provide the energy they need for growth and development. The surface of the leaf is coated with a water-resistant waxy cuticle that protects the leaf from excessive evaporation of water and decreases the absorption of ultraviolet or blue light to reduce heating.
Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down food molecules to obtain energy and store it in the form of adenosine triphosphate ATP molecules. The physical separation of RuBisCO from the oxygen-generating light reactions reduces photorespiration and increases CO2 fixation and, thus, the photosynthetic capacity of the leaf.
Bread is made mostly of flour.
Two water molecules are oxidized by four successive charge-separation reactions by photosystem II to yield a molecule of diatomic oxygen and four hydrogen ions; the electrons yielded are transferred to a redox-active tyrosine residue that then reduces the oxidized chlorophyll a called P that serves as the primary light-driven electron donor in the photosystem II reaction center.
The overall chemical reaction involved in photosynthesis is: Differences between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis takes place in two stages of the light reactions and the dark reactions.
CAM plants have a different leaf anatomy from C3 plants, and fix the CO2 at night, when their stomata are open. Here, CO2 molecules are broken down and converted into sugars and other compounds. Cellular respiration utilizes glucose molecules to obtain energy-storing ATP molecules.
As a result, waterlogging and excessive irrigation can deprive roots of oxygen, kill root tissue, damage trees, and reduce yield. Oxaloacetic acid or malate synthesized by this process is then translocated to specialized bundle sheath cells where the enzyme RuBisCO and other Calvin cycle enzymes are located, and where CO2 released by decarboxylation of the four-carbon acids is then fixed by RuBisCO activity to the three-carbon 3-phosphoglyceric acids.
Photosynthesis is the plant process where light energy is used to generate the production of ATP. The process involves a set of chemical reactions to convert chemical energy from the glucose molecules into ATP molecules. Fermentation What happens when there is not enough oxygen to keep the cellular respiration reaction alive.
The sugars produced during carbon metabolism yield carbon skeletons that can be used for other metabolic reactions like the production of amino acids and lipids. For example, in green plants, the action spectrum resembles the absorption spectrum for chlorophylls and carotenoids with absorption peaks in violet-blue and red light.
The thylakoids appear as flattened disks. You know that burning or stinging sensation that you feel in your muscles when you push yourself running. Yeast uses those sugar molecules to get the energy it needs, and in the process it creates CO2. In such proteins, the pigments are arranged to work together.
Some cells respire aerobically, using oxygen, while others undergo anaerobic respiration, without using oxygen. Chloroplast and Thylakoid In photosynthetic bacteria, the proteins that gather light for photosynthesis are embedded in cell membranes.
In red algae, the action spectrum is blue-green light, which allows these algae to use the blue end of the spectrum to grow in the deeper waters that filter out the longer wavelengths red light used by above ground green plants.
In the process of cellular respiration, the biochemical energy derived from nutrients is converted to adenosine triphosphate ATPwhich is necessary for these organisms to facilitate various life functions.
Such a combination of proteins is also called a light-harvesting complex. Two of these are photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis generates organic molecules and oxygen used by the mitochondria of eukaryotes for the process of cellular respiration.
Chlorophyll in the leaves transform carbon dioxide, water, and minerals into oxygen and glucose. In the non-cyclic reaction, the photons are captured in the light-harvesting antenna complexes of photosystem II by chlorophyll and other accessory pigments see diagram at right.
Second, when we burn the trees, we are releasing all of the carbon dioxide that they have collected. There is another way that fermentation caused by yeast is important.
The only difference between rusting, burning, and the way that mitochondria release the energy from a glucose molecule is the speed of the reaction. The photosynthetic action spectrum depends on the type of accessory pigments present.
In Photosynthesis solar energy is converted into chemical energy and in respiration chemical energy is converted into heat energy. Respiration occurs when glucose sugar produced during photosynthesis combines with oxygen to produce useable cellular energy.
Photosynthesis is a process by which plants use light from the sun to make food. It is important to understand the differences between the two.
Respiration Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars. The sugars produced by photosynthesis can be stored, transported throughout the tree, and converted into energy which is used to power all cellular processes.
Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. To emphasize this point even more, the equation for photosynthesis is the opposite of cellular respiration. Humans, animals and plants depend on the cycle of cellular respiration and photosynthesis for survival.
1 LAB #6 – Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Introduction In order to survive, organisms require a source of energy and molecular building blocks to construct all of their biological molecules. Respiration.
Photosynthesis; Struggling to get your head round revision and exams? Our team of exam survivors will get you started and keep you going. Meet them here. Links. BBC Science. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration While plants and animals both resort to respiration, photosynthesis is only restricted to green plants and few other organisms.
This - however, doesn't mean that the latter is only useful for plants and other organisms which are directly involved. ** Note that photosynthesis is a reduction-oxidation reaction, just like respiration (see the primer on redox reactions from the lecture on Microbes).
In respiration energy is released from sugars when electrons associated with hydrogen are transported to oxygen (the electron acceptor), and .Photosysthesis respiration


By Tabora Bojang on tour
President Adama Barrow has assured farmers that the purchasing prices for groundnuts would be announced soon after his nationwide tour and that there will be no credit buying at the Seccos.
Addressing concerns of farmers in Upper River Region, who complained the long unavailability of cash at various Seccos last year, the president said this year farmers will be paid at the seccos when they present their nuts.
“This would be the first thing on my table when I get back and I can assure you of a good season because the price will be good and there will be no credit buying,” he promised the farmers.
He added that his government is ready to support the farming community with a comprehensive package to grow the economy in the drive to attain food self-sufficiency.
Barrow also promised that farmers will receive fertilizer by subsidies from April.
He added that the government has secured several projects supported by international partners, which are expected to commence as part of an agricultural development strategy.
These, according to the President will include a rice development project, animal feeding project, agricultural education centres, and a project to facilitate provision of storage facilities for farming and vegetable products.
Barrow said the country’s agricultural camps established during late former President Jawara’s government all died under former president Jammeh.
He assured farmers that plans are underway to revive the camps to help increase farmers’ education and enhance their income status.


Allowal like most villages in Punjab has an agriculture-driven economy. The farmers mostly aged continue to work on their farm lands while their children are busy in other service-oriented jobs. “Time is most precious for us”, says an old farmer as he describes the troubles of the sector. The farmer’s society is one of the only options to procure seeds, manure, fertilizers and other medications for the crops; farmers often loan out money to buy the crop requirements and are bound to buy the low-quality and delayed products of the society. They often spend time waiting for days and hours at the society office before they finally received their goods. Their age also takes a toll on their lives as they sometimes have to travel to Patiala city and come home empty handed.
As a part of the Digiprayas project, the farmers were introduced to the concept of online banking, shopping for agricultural goods and simply searching for agriculture-related information on online platforms. Around 30-35 farmers today engage in online transactions to buy bulk seeds and fertilizers which are delivered to them on-time, at their doorstep and at cheaper prices. They are also exposed to the Mandi rates and are aware of the prices of different products. This exposure has not only made their lives efficient but has also exposed them to the various goods and innovations available in the market.


The Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) is undertaking research to quantify the impact on honeybees of two commercial neonicotinoids seed treatments in commercially grown crops of oilseed rape (‘Clothianidin’ Bayer CropScience and ‘Thiamethoxam’ Syngenta).
A pan-European, field experiment has been designed and will be delivered during 2014-2015. The results will provide policy makers and regulators with independent, high quality scientific evidence on the effects of neonicotinoids (NNI) on honeybees and help to inform their decisions.
CEH researchers have designed, and are overseeing, the delivery of this trial. The work aligns with NERC and CEH’s scientific aim of monitoring the impacts of human actions on the environment.
Impacts on wild pollinators are also being assessed using the trial infrastructure.
- Science Advisory Committee Chair (January 2015)
- Experimental Design published (September 2014)
- Site Selection Criteria added (September 2014)
- Study Plan added (April 2015)
- Wild Pollinators Field Protocol added (June 2015)
- Residue method technical protocol added (January 2016)
Neonicotinoid seed dressings have been used extensively across Europe and elsewhere since the early 2000s to protect oilseed rape and other important crops against pests1. They have recently been implicated in the decline of wild bees and harm to domesticated honeybees, and this led to a moratorium on some uses in the EU while more data are generated. However, evidence for NNI impacts on bees is inconclusive and so the ban remains controversial2. Laboratory studies suggest some toxicity to bees3, but these experiments are highly artificial and their relevance to the real world is unclear. Field trials provide a more realistic test of impacts on bees of NNI use by farmers, but some of these studies have proven inconclusive4, 5, and have been criticised for a range of reasons including contamination of the no-NNI control, low replication and small plot sizes6.
This research is co-funded by Bayer CropScience AG and Syngenta Crop Protection, but controls are in place to ensure the experimental design and the reporting of its research (whatever the outcome) is independent.
NERC's Centre for Ecology & Hydrology has designed and is implementing a large-scale field experiment to quantify the impact on honeybees of two commercial neonicotinoids seed treatments in commercially grown crops of oilseed rape (‘Clothianidin’ Bayer CropScience and ‘Thiamethoxam’ Syngenta).
Lead scientist, Professor Richard Pywell explains more about the field trial in our video
Frequently Asked Questions
Why are the field studies needed? Seeing as the ban has been maintained, is there a need for this experiment?
- The evidence base relating to the effects of neonicotinoid use on pollinators is considered to be deficient by many scientists:
- previous field studies have been criticised for being poorly replicated & small scale;
- laboratory studies have been questioned for not representing real world exposure
- The European Food Standards Agency (EFSA) recent (2013) guidelines on the risk assessment of plant protection products on bees make clear the importance of field exposure studies and outline how these should be designed7.
- EFSA have stated they will review new and existing evidence regarding neonicotinoid effects on pollinations in December 2015.
- All aspects of the project (design, monitoring, analysis, data etc) are being scrutinised by an independent Scientific Advisory Committee. This committee was chaired by Prof Charles Godfray, FRS (Oxford University) until 31 Dec 2014 and is now chaired by Prof Bill Sutherland (Cambridge University). Prof Godfray FRS was appointed as chair of Defra’s Science Advisory Committee from 1 January 2015 and thus resigned as the advisory group chair.
- CEH has had complete freedom to design the experiment within the constraints of the budget provided.
- We will submit all findings of the study (regardless of outcome) for peer-reviewed publication.
- Data relating to the trial will be made publicly available.
What steps have been taken to ensure the trials are scientifically robust?
- Following the EFSA guidelines, qualified CEH statisticians have undertaken a rigorous statistical power analysis to ensure that the experiment has a sufficient number of replicates to have confidence in the detection of ‘no neonicotinoid effect’.
- The experiment will be conducted in three European countries (United Kingdom, Germany, Hungary) where a large amount of oilseed rape, previously treated with neonicotinoid, has been grown.
- The study will be conducted on large contiguous fields of oilseed rape (ca. 50ha) managed by commercial farmers using typical agronomic practice. Treated and untreated fields will be separated by at least 4km following EFSA guidelines.
- The size of the treated patch is a compromise between the area of crop likely to be approved under experimental licence and the foraging distance of honeybees to ensure a realistic field exposure to the pesticide, ie there will be fewer opportunities to forage on neighbouring habitats and possibly untreated oilseed rape. This will ensure, as far as possible, a realistic, ‘real world’ exposure of bees to neonicotoinoid.
- The pan-European ban on neonicotoinoid seed dressings will help ensure the no-treatment controls are not contaminated (a criticism of previous field studies).
- Measurements of effects on honeybees will follow the guidelines provided by EFSA, including colony grow rate, worker mortality, overwinter survival, and infestations of pests and disease. We will also sample extensively for residues of neonicotinoid in the soil and plant tissue; nectar, pollen, and stored hive products (wax and honey).
Where are the trials taking place?
- The experimental trial plots are located in the United Kingdom, Germany and Hungary and will be harvested in 2015. This gives a good bio-geographic spread across Europe in countries where intensive oilseed rape cultivation is a typical and increasing practice.
- Site Selection Criteria Neonicotinoid Field Trial.pdf
- Neonicotinoid Field Trial Experimental Design v2.1.pdf
- NNI experiment study plan.pdf
- Field protocol for Wild Pollinators.pdf
- NNI Residue method technical protocol.pdf
1. Jeschke P., Nauen R., Schindler M. & Elbert A. (2010). Overview of the status and global strategy for neonicotinoids. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, 2897-2908.
2. Cressey D. (2013). Europe debates risk to bees. Nature, 496, 408.
3. Whitehorn P.R., O'Connor S., Wackers F.L. & Goulson D. (2012). Neonicotinoid pesticide reduces bumble bee colony growth and queen production. Science, 336, 351-352.
4. FERA (2013). Effects of neonicotinoid seed treatments on bumble bee colonies under field conditions. The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ.
5. Pilling E., Campbell P., Coulson M., Ruddle N. & Tornier I. (2013). A four-year field program investigating long-term effects of repeated exposure of honey bee colonies to flowering crops treated with thiamethoxam. PLoS ONE, 8
6. Environmental Audit Committee Oral evidence session: National Pollinator Strategy, Wednesday 18 June 2014. Second Report of Session.
7. EFSA (2013). Guidance on the risk assessment of plant protection products on bees (Apis mellifera, Bombus spp. and solitary bees). EFSA Journal 11:3295, 266.


May 20, 2017 § Leave a comment
He buried the pumpkin seeds deep into the volcano craters he had carefully formed. Then he straightened with his palm the earth in the middle and repaired the rims on the sides so that they’d keep all the water inside the crater. That’s how we do it in Zimbabwe, he said. That way we don’t have to water them every day.
Each refugee had got a tiny piece of land to plant anything they’d like.
If I’m still here in autumn, you’ll see how well that works. You’ll see even if I’m not here.


are one of the few Manufacturer and exporters in
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In addition we have a huge warehouse for storage
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Products at our Factory Premises. Environmental
control of temperature, humidity and pests are
done to minimize any changes in food quality
storekeeper and supervisor look after this, for
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which are tagged with complete details of
The onion season lasts from January to August,
but our huge Cold Storage Facility gives us an
edge over the others to be flexible and provide
our customers with the deliveries of our
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We did plan to start a garden this year, but we ended up with two. The Campbell kids had fun one day in early spring when they took some of the pumpkin seeds from our old harvest-decor pumpkins and planted them. They told me about it, but I didn't think they would grow. I was wrong. If the vines produce, we will have plenty of pumpkins this fall. :)
Glen planted bell peppers, green onions, cabbage and tomatoes in the kids pie-shaped garden. I dumped some honeydew seeds in there and they took root and are sprouting. It appears that the soil is good.
Kyla was thrilled with the sign her daddy made for her garden.
The grown-up's garden only has potatoes and green beans in it, but they are all growing well. And, we've been fortunate not to get attacked by the deer yet. Someone did a little munching on a couple red potato plants but they apparently didn't taste well.
If you look closely on the bank behind this garden, you can see that we also have several raspberry plants and one blueberry plant that we transplanted last year when we moved, and they are all doing well. Although we may not get fruit from them this first year, it is great to see them still alive after that harsh winter.
Kyla got to munch from our garden years ago, but the other two were too young. We are all excited to see things growing, and to get to eat them!


A Discourse on China’s Temporary Halt to Taiwan Pineapple Imports
China’s surprise announcement to halt Taiwan pineapple imports, timed at peak season for maximum effect, is a clear political move that fails to meet international trading norms. Picture source: Pixabay, Pixabay, https://pixabay.com/photos/pineapple-ocean-view-freshness-1149047.
Prospects & Perspectives 2021 No. 18
A Discourse on China’s Temporary Halt to Taiwan Pineapple Imports
April 12, 2021
Taiwan exported 45,621 metric tons of pineapple in 2020, accounting for 10.9% of the total 418,155 metric tons produced that year. Ninety percent of these exports went to China. The projected crop for 2021 is 415,901 metric tons, with harvest of the best quality fruit concentrated over four months from March to June. On February 26 of this year Chinese authorities used claims of pest detections as a pretext to notify Taiwan of a temporary halt to pineapple shipments starting March 1.
From January 1 to October 18 of 2020, Taiwan shipped 5,544 batches of pineapples to China of which 99.79% successfully passed inspections. From October 19 of last year until the present day, 100% of 656 batches passed inspections. The surprise announcement of a temporary ban coming at peak production season is a clear political maneuver that fails to comply with the norms of international trade.
The GATT, WTO and the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) have clearly stated laws and norms of implementation; however, seeking redress through the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM) is a slow and measured process. China is a non-market economy that often flaunts standards on world trade and seldom complies when sanctioned, even going so far as to adopt retaliatory trade measures on the slimmest of pretexts.
In response to China’s actions, Taiwan has proposed three measures: diversifying the export market, igniting domestic marketing efforts, and expanding processed pineapple offerings. These measures include: the setting up of monetary incentives for overseas marketing (transportation subsidies), bonuses for sales performance, and marketing activities to stimulate sales in target markets; incentives for the set-up of ordering platforms, and promotions to encourage all major channels to boost purchases; the augmentation of institutional meals, military purchases, and agricultural food education; and, coaching producers on the expansion of product offerings, as well as subsidies for processing, freight handling, conveyance, and cold and chill storage, etc. These responsive measures have only recently gone into effect, but have already garnered enthusiastic support from people at home and abroad, including buying alliances, such as those with Japan.
Taiwan is a fruit production paradise, with year-round harvests of fresh supplies ready for markets. In order to reduce the impact of politicized moves, such as this one by China, and to be proactively prepared, the following points are proposed for inclusion in the administrative focus:
First, incentives for locals to consume more domestic produce: e.g., consumption of imported fresh chilled fruit far outpaces that of exports with imports in 2020 reaching NT$18.42 billion (USD:NTD, 1.00:28.00), versus exports of a mere NT$5.11 billion, for a deficit of NT$13.3 billion. When including nuts and other miscellaneous produce with fruits, the deficit is an even higher NT$21.45 billion. A higher percentage of fruit produced during the current peak season goes to the fresh market, and locals are being encouraged to purchase more locally sourced fresh fruits.
Second, reducing cross-border flows of new varieties and technologies developed through the public sector research budget: e.g., negotiate post-haste reciprocal bilateral agreements on intellectual property rights beyond those for already targeted foreign markets, provide support for the acquisition of new produce varieties, and with the utmost urgency legislate the classification of technologies and varieties developed under the public research budget as protected sensitive technologies, subject to criminal prosecution for violations.
Third, setting up a favorable environment for agricultural exports: e.g., proactively negotiate with governments in markets targeted for Taiwan’s agricultural exports favorable terms on testing and quarantine, residual pesticide levels, and the reduction of non-tariff trade barriers and customs duties; join international organizations such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership; augment ongoing research being done on better post-harvest handling methods, including storage and transportation technologies, and the development of new product varieties designed to withstand the stress of transportation and storage; and, provide incentives for safe food protocols and processing, including Traceable Agricultural Products (TAP), organically grown produce, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP), and Global Good Agricultural Practices (GLOBAL G.A.P.)
Fourth, encourage the establishment of large-scale agriculture trading companies: e.g., assist farm cooperatives and companies with actual export sales (e.g., Mitagri) in the setting up of contract farming systems (i.e., specified seedling, production and harvesting operations, guaranteed price purchases, profit-sharing, etc.) and in the set-up of production, marketing and supply chains in order to achieve economies of scale, assure stable and sufficient supplies, maintain high quality brands, and secure stable incomes for small farmers; and, provide subsidies to farming cooperatives and companies, which have reached a certain scale and have proven export sales, for the purchase of labor saving machinery, consolidated shipping services, processing equipment, and cold chain facilities, etc.
A Taiwanese trader in Australia who recently imported two metric tons of pineapples had to field complaints from buyers claiming that “transportation costs exceeded the value of the fruit shipped.” This issue falls under the rubric of opening new markets and the encouragement of export sales through transportation subsidies, tax discounts, and incentives for international marketing, which is the responsibility of governments everywhere.
The high quality image of Taiwan’s agricultural products can be facilitated through the encouragement of domestic consumption for local produce, reductions to the free flow of new varieties leaving the country, arrangements for a more favorable export environment, and incentives for the establishment of large-scale trading companies. Such proactive strikes, which secure higher domestic and international pricing, and lead to increased market income, are fundamental to raising the international competitiveness of Taiwan’s agricultural products.
(The Chinese version of this article was presented on the website, Facebook, and Twitter of Prospect Foundation, April 1, 2021)


Grow Your Own For Optimum NutritionI've been busy planting things to eat in my garden. So far I've got two fruit trees (plums and apples), strawberries, peas, mint, chives, sage, nasturtiums (the flowers have a light peppery taste a bit like radish and they look really pretty in a salad), rosemary, thyme, peas, tomatoes (in hanging baskets), different types of lettuce and lots more to plant this weekend.
I only have a tiny garden so am using pots, hanging baskets and am creating a raised bed to put in carrots, beans and more peas (none of them will ever make it to a plate, I love them straight out of the pod).
I have also planted sweetpeas and lots of lavender to give the bees something to visit and so I will have sweet scented cut flowers for the house and aromatic herbs to dry at the end of the season and use to keep my drawers smelling sweet and fresh.
Saving Money and Increasing Nutrients
As well as planting to provide myself with cheap nutritious food I have also gone mad on sprouting again. It's easy, cheap and provides very nutritious, easy to digest, very fresh ingredients to add to salads, pitta pockets etc.
What Can You Sprout
Virtually any bean, seed or grain is easy to sprout. The only things I have failed with in the past were pumpkin seeds, which were disgusting and tasted poisonous, and hemp seeds which failed to sprout.
Try the following:
Fenugreek Seeds (gives a curry flavoured sprout)
Beans: Aduki, Mung, Broad, Kidney, Black, Haricot, Black Eye
What You Need to Start
A Container: You can buy multi tiered sprouters or special jars but any large, wide necked jar will do. Catering sized jars of pickles are good if you are wanting to sprout a large amount at once but its best to just sprout small amounts all the time.
Something to cover the top: A piece of muslin or a section cut from a pair of tights secured in place with a rubber band.
Soaking: As a rule of thumb, the larger and harder the thing you are sprouting the longer you will need to sprout. So soak beans, chick peas, rice etc over night and seeds such as alfalfa for about four hours. Soak ideally in filtered water. Beans will expand quite a bit so make sure you have them in a big enough container.
Growing: Once your beans, grains or seeds have been soaked, rinse them well and put into your chosen growing container. Put the muslin or tights over the top and secure in place. Allow them to drain well. Then place in a dark cupboard. I always forget them if I put them in a cupboard so I cover mine in tin foil to exclude the light and then leave them by my kitchen sink. They need to be rinsed well and thoroughly drained two to three times per day. Once they have all started to sprout you can put them on a sunny windowsill. They are ready to eat when most of the bean or seed has gone. I like to leave mine until there is some green in the tiny "leaves" to maximise nutrient content but experiment by tasting.
Once they are well sprouted you can rinse and drain them and store them in the fridge. Eat them as fresh as possible to get maximum nutrients.
http://www.sproutpeople.org is a great source of more information and for a wide variety of seeds, beans and grains to sprout, sprouting equipment and guidance.


5 Best Way to Wash Organic Produce
Worried about how to clean your organic products?
I understand that you are very conscious about protecting the health of your family. Otherwise you would not search for such posts.
Thank you so much for thinking so much about your own and your family’s health. Today I will give you 5 Best Way to that you can easily Wash your organic products in an organic way. Our curriculum at a glance.
What is an organic product?
Organic food products are produced under a system of agriculture in which a farmer does not use any type of pesticides and does not use harmful chemical fertilizers and pesticides in an environmentally and socially responsible manner.
It is a special method of agriculture that retains the fertility and reproductive capacity of the soil.
Works at the grassroots level to preserve good plant nutrition, and good soil management, providing vital nutritious food that maintains immunity. Growing plants in this way takes time to grow naturally and is very beneficial for health.
Most countries have their own organic product cultivation and quality control monitoring agencies. In the United States, farmers are awarded certificates of appreciation for fulfilling certain conditions for organic farming.
Why it is important to Wash organic products before eating ?
You eat more fruits and vegetables because they are good for your health. And you are buying organic products because it is good for your body and the environment, These are definitely good but you must wash them well before eating.
While the organic product reduces the chances of having harmful chemicals and pesticides found in conventional farm products, the label does not guarantee you a contaminant-free fruit and vegetable. Fortunately, washing organic materials can help remove most pesticide residues.
How can I wash organic products properly?
Before washing organic products, we need to wash our hands thoroughly. remove the stickers on the organic products so that they can be washed well. Cut off the injured parts by applying pressure in different ways. Soak broccoli and cauliflower for one to two minutes before washing. And then cut out the injured or damaged parts.
Special attention needs to be paid to green leafy vegetables They contain a lot of dust and sand. Since these are brought directly from the farm. They need special attention to clean. They may contain special types of insects.
All organic products should be rinsed with clean and cold water. Care should be taken to ensure that no visible dust or sand sticks to fruits or vegetables. Vegetables that have thick skin such as potatoes, carrots should be dusted with a brush before washing. Then wash in clean water.
Keep in mind that even after taking these steps, pesticides or similar harmful chemical effects may remain on your organic products. So follow the tips below and hope your organic products are up to 95 percent safe.
1. Use a mixture of vinegar
- Take one cup of vinegar inside a spray bottle, four cups of clean water and one cup of lemon juice and mix it well.
- Place your fruits or vegetables in a grill in the sink. Spray well with the mixture, then line it for two to five minutes.
- Rinse: Use a vegetable scrub brush for thick-skinned vegetables and rinse the mixture thoroughly with cool water.
- And wipe well with a clean paper towel.
2.Use baking soda to wash organic products.
Studies show that using baking soda may be the best way to remove pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables. Studies have shown that one teaspoon of baking soda in two cups of water for two minutes outperforms other methods of solution.
Where the length of time required to remove pesticides completely may surprise you when using other methods. The researchers found that where other methods were used they had to soak the product for 12 to 15 minutes to completely remove the pesticide.
3. Soak in water.
Soak organic fruits and vegetables in water for at least 20 minutes when you buy them from the market. These impurities mix with water and make it easier to clean your vegetables and fruits.
4. how to wash organic blueberries ?
- Remove damaged blue berries and debris by your hands.. Remove any blueberries you don’t want to eat as well as stems and other debris. Take out any berries with green spots, as the mold on them can spread to other blueberries. Red berries should be removed along with any berries that are unripe and appear to be itchy or crushed. Good blueberries are thick with a deep, Dark blue hue. Remove those that feel soft to the touch during washing.
- Pour the blueberries into a mesh-like container and rinse well with clean cold water for ten minutes. While washing, gently rub the blueberries with your hands to remove the small grains of blueberries. Remember that the speed of your water tap should not be too high. Keep it gentle so that your blueberries are not spoiled. Too much speed will spoil your blueberries.
- Remove any mold or radish berries in the batch. Find any signs of damage, pick berries by hand. Remove unwanted materials Molded and unrefined materials are easy to spot, as they look green and red, respectively. Take out any one that gets crushed or creased.
- Follow the steps above to clean better and remove the effects of harmful pesticides or chemicals.
- Once cleaned, wipe well with a clean paper towel.
5. Use only water to clean organic products.
You can wash your organic products well using only water. However, you need to take a little more time to soak your organic products in water, as well as other methods that I have mentioned above can be used. These are available almost everywhere.
Advice for good health.
The foods we eat regularly have a direct effect on our body. So the food we eat must be healthy. Now at this time we are completely oblivious to healthy food, which is why we are suffering from many difficult and complex diseases at a young age. If you are not aware now, you will have to face big problems later.
So we will try to take as much organic adulteration free food as possible. Although it is quite difficult because now everything is adulterated. We will follow some things in conscious eating,
One is to try organic food and always try to have a clean environment.
Many of these foods that are harmful to the body should be avoided. Any chemical type food or artificial artificial food should be avoided. There is no substitute for healthy eating to stay healthy. Besides, we have to do a lot of physical work. Then our health will be good. There is no substitute for physical labor. Healthy food is just as important for our body as physical activity or exercise. So if we keep these things in mind we hope we can stay healthy.


It's just a backyard thing, nothing fancy. Just big enough to fill the fenced-in space where a pot-bellied pig used to live. I came up with the list of yummies to grow while thinking of what fruits and veggies we mostly eat. A row of each and there you have it, a tidy little garden that produced enough strawberries this year to feed myself and two wee ones as we stood in the garden admiring their redness...all three berries (at least we didn't have to share). Dad promises there should be more next year.
This little plot of land has brought me much pleasure over the past couple of months. I planted seeds and seedlings with a devil-may-care attitude...no worries if a small foot trampled on it, no concerns over whether or not I thinned out the carrots enough...whatever produces out of the ground would make me happy. I have learned the art of weeding when the soil is loosened after a good rain (or drowning from eager waterers with a hose). I have learned to lay straw between the rows; it keeps the weeds down but it also makes boundaries for the little busy feet that like to run around the garden. There is a now-familiar sound echoing through the neighborhood; walk on the straw, walk on the straw, walk on the straw!!!!!!! Ah, does it really matter anyway?
Just a coupla pics of the boy enjoying the garden...
I always have a lot of help in the garden, for which I am truly grateful.
This boy, I love.