The project aims to generate an overview of the main causes, coping strategies, and drivers for fruits and vegetables wastage reduction of farmers, producers, food services, retailers, and consumers, integrated in a web platform that will support stakeholders (farmers, producers, food services, retailers, and consumers) to reduce food waste.
- over 40 interviews with food chain members and other stakeholders were done; we asked about the food waste causes in their case, reduction strategies, and motivations to reduce food waste;
- literature review to identify the main environmental, economic, and social impacts of food waste
Summary of the 2022 Stage
Objectives of the 2022 Stage
Strategies to reduce fruit and vegetable waste must be based on accurate knowledge of the context in which the waste is generated. This involves understanding the behavior of fruit and vegetable waste generators. For this reason, the project's first year focused on members of the food chain, plus other stakeholders. Consequently, the specific objectives of the first stage were: (1) Project launch – creation of a set of project management procedure, the precise definition of deadlines, responsibilities, etc.; (2) Analysis of the economic, social, and environmental impact of food waste (from secondary sources); (3) Collection of primary data to identify the main causes of food waste of fresh fruit and vegetables at food chain stakeholders; (4) Collection of primary data to identify the main strategies to reduce fresh fruit and vegetables waste at food chain stakeholders; (5) Collection of primary data to identify the main motivations to reduce fruit and vegetables waste by food chain stakeholders. All objectives of the first stage have been met (as detailed in section "3. Results of 2022 Stage").
Results of 2022 Stage
The fulfillment of 2022 stage objectives is demonstrated by the obtained results as follows.
Concerning objective (1) (Project launch – creation a set of work procedures in the project, precise definition of deadlines, responsibilities, etc.), for the smooth running of the project, we developed a set of project management procedures. A start-up workshop to launch the project was organized at the beginning and other periodic meetings with the team members were held to respond to the needs related to organization, information, and the development of the activities.
Objective (2) The analysis of the economic, social, and environmental impact of food waste has as associated result a synopsis of the economic, social, and environmental impact of food waste. This was done based on the literature review. We concluded that the three types of impact largely overlap, their causes also belong to the three domains (economic, social, and environmental). Therefore, they must be studied from a systemic perspective.
Objectives (3)-(5) related to the collection of primary data to identify the main causes of fruit and vegetable waste along the food chain, the strategies to reduce waste, and the motivations for its reduction ultimately led to 48 interviews and three broad data sets (on causes, strategies, motivations) in the written form of the interviews. To obtain them, we went through a series of stages. We reviewed the literature on food waste and qualitative research. We developed three interview scripts. We identified the categories of stakeholders. We identified the sources where we can find these stakeholders (for example, farmers' associations, local action groups, etc.) and how we find them. We selected participants from each category. We conducted the interviews. We transcribed the interviews verbatim. Although the data analysis is scheduled for the second year of the project, we performed in advance a preliminary analysis of the obtained qualitative data . We disseminated the partial results.
The qualitative approach to investigate the wastage of fresh fruit and vegetables was selected as the most suitable research method in our case as we work with non-numerical data and try to interpret the meaning from the collected data. Qualitative research helps us better understand the problem of fruit and vegetable waste by studying stakeholders. Qualitative research is designed to illustrate the significance of perceptions and knowledge that inform action or outcomes that are typically measured by quantitative research. We opted for individual and group interviews and thematic content analysis.
The interview guide had the following sections: Introduction; Perception of the meaning of food waste; Causes of fresh fruit and vegetable waste; Motivations for reducing waste; Factors that hinder waste reduction; Strategies/measures to reduce waste; Conclusions. These three sections are found in the interview for each of the three categories of stakeholders.
Based on the literature review and a group interview with the project members, we identified the following categories of stakeholders:
(a) members of the food chain - farmers, transporters, processors, sellers (wholesale, retail, warehouses), food services, and individual consumers;
(b) other stakeholders: administrative-political decision-makers, researchers, NGOs, and waste processors
The implementation of the interviews took place online and face-to-face, depending on the availability of the interviewees. We performed a preliminary analysis of the data, from which we extracted some examples that are displayed in Table 1.
Table 1. Main causes, strategies, and motivations for reducing fresh fruit and vegetable waste (examples)
Causes of fresh fruits and vegetable waste
Production greater than demand; Crops are affected by pests; Overbuying by retailers and consumers; Meteorological phenomena (drought); Consumer criteria (color, taste, shape, etc.); Labor shortage; Inadequate transport and storage facilities.
"Yes, pests, microbes, mycoses, bacteria, and the weather, that's not good in the cabbage culture either. If we have rainy weather, and because of that we can't go into the field, we can't spray, and that's where the problem comes. Pests, microbes attack, every day passes, and problem after problem comes. That's the problem with rainy weather. If we don't have rainy weather, it's dry. And that's a problem in cabbage culture, if you don't have the possibility to irrigate. That's a big problem. Because of the drought, some kind of worm can come to the ground and eat the root of the cabbage, and if it eats the root of the cabbage, you go bankrupt. Whoever has the opportunity to irrigate, has no more problems, because if the soil is wet, this worm does not come and eat the root of the cabbage. But what can I say, after this year of experience, whoever can't irrigate doesn't really deserve to grow vegetables." (Farmer)
"With the fact that we don't have predictable orders and we have to transport more cargo than we have orders, because it's not something predictable. This week I may be ordered a certain quantity, next week a different quantity. And we transport more goods, with the idea that maybe someone comes and orders." (Transporter)
Strategies used to reduce fresh fruit and vegetables waste
Appropriate storage and packaging methods; Legislation to facilitate composting and donation processes; Eliminating intermediaries; Creating platforms for donations.
"I think a communication on the subject of smaller, stained, freckled fruit and vegetables, the ones that can't be bought anywhere. Maybe some consumer education after all. That they are good, they are also cheaper and must be consumed first, that they last less than others. I think that would help. It's a change of mentality. Simply." (Carrier)
"You always have to have a check on the vegetables and fruits you have, the old ones to process first, the fresh ones that came to you ... to process them last." (Food Services)
Motivations to reduce fresh fruit and vegetables waste
Advantage; Personal satisfaction; Cleaner environment; A better future for the family
"We have to economize, not to waste anything, to make use of everything. To reduce costs." (Seller)
“Fruit and vegetables are also a bit closer to my soul or my basic science. I know how much work goes into such a product, how much work, value, labor, days, man are involved in producing or reaching the guarantee of this product. And for now this waste, which many people see as a secondary thing, seems to me to be primary, knowing and being anchored in social life, knowing also the poorer part of the population who unfortunately cannot afford, and others throw.” (Administrative-political decision-maker)
"My values motivate me not to waste. I don't like to waste." (Consumer)
Dissemination of the results of the 2022 Stage
The dissemination of the partial results took place within the Agro-Economy and Rural Anthropology Symposium, III Edition, from November 18, 2022, organized by the Gh Zane Economic and Social Research Institute, Romanian Academy, Iași Branch, in partnership with the Rural Development Research Association Platform, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences "Gheorghe Ionescu-Sișești" Bucharest - Department of Agrarian Economy and Rural Development and University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat "King Mihai I of Romania" from Timișoara (https://acadiasi.org /symposium-of-agri-economy-and-rural-anthropology-saar-2/). The title of the presentation was "Consumers' understanding of the causes of fruit and vegetable waste: a qualitative approach". Also, the results were included on the project website: https://tbs.ubbcluj.ro/foodwaste/
In addition, we wrote and submitted two scientific articles related to the project theme for publication. All disseminated materials mentioned the affiliation to the project through the text: "Grant of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization, CNCS - UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-PCE-2021-0538, within PNCDI III".
Summary of the 2023 Stage
Objectives of the 2023 Stage
(1) Creation of the web platform to reduce fruits and vegetables waste; (2) Investigation of the influence of the misshapen fruits and vegetables and the type of place of sale on purchase intention; (3) Development of an experiment to investigate the capacity of different messages to stimulate the purchase of misshapen fruits and vegetables; (4) Investigation of the motivations of farmers, retailers and food services to accept misshapen fruits and vegetables.
Results of 2023 Stage
In relation to the objective (1) Creation of the web platform to reduce fruits and vegetables waste, the following result was obtained: The first version of the web platform for the reduction of fruits and vegetables waste, "Team up for less waste".
The result was a very complex platform Its functions and structure were created using the results of the work in the project. Specifically, we organized two workshops/interviews with food chain members to determine the most suitable functions of the platform (while the project proposed only one workshop). Furthermore, research team members analyzed the online environment, various existing projects and applications, and suggested various functions for the platform. They found that there is no active platform similar to the one built in the project. The structure and functions of the platform were realized based on the results of the interviews with the stakeholders and the analysis of the research team members on the online environment, the review of scientific literature, and discussions with various specialists. In order to test and update the platform, we involved members of the food chain in testing it and organized online meetings to get their feedback. The research team also analyzed the platform and created a list of proposed changes. The platform has been updated according to the proposals. Due to the complexity of the platform and the desire to continuously improve the platform, the testing and updating process continues in the next stage as well.
In relation to objectives (2)-(4) (2) Investigation of the influence of the misshapen fruits and vegetables and the type of place of sale on purchase intention; (3) Development of an experiment to investigate the capacity of different messages to stimulate the purchase of misshapen fruits and vegetables; (4) Investigation of the motivations of farmers, retailers and food services to accept misshapen fruits and vegetables], the following results were obtained: A synthesis of consumer behavior associated with misshapen fruits and vegetables (based on the survey and the experiment in the farmers’ market); A synthesis of motivations and barriers related to the acceptability of misshapen fruits and vegetables by farmers, food services, and retailers. These are detailed below.
It is not yet clear whether the type of point of sale (PS) could compensate for the perceived level of deformation of fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, to date, it is not known whether PS type affects the willingness to purchase deformed fruits and vegetables. In this context, the study that used the survey aimed to reveal whether the type of PS where a fruit or vegetable is offered influences the perception of its abnormality level and the probability of purchasing that food. Therefore, the present study explores the possibility of using PS type as a lever to increase misshapen fruits and vegetables acquisitions. The survey asked online a panel of consumers and obtained 1021 valid responses (422 consumers from Romania and 599 from the Great Britain). The data was collected by a specialist firm holding consumer panels. The research team created the questionnaire, supervised the programming of the online questionnaire for data collection, checked and cleaned the collected data, analyzed the data. We used consumers from two countries to test for differences between them. We chose tomatoes as our study object because they, together with apples, are the main fruits and vegetables produced in the EU, are frequently consumed and often wasted in retail stores. We investigated five types of PS: farmers' market (small local producers), greengrocer, organic store, supermarket - conventional stand and supermarket - organic stand. We used three shapes of tomatoes: normal, slightly deformed, and moderately deformed. Stages of the process: analysis of specialized literature; establishing the objective of the survey; creating and pre-testing the questionnaire; data collection; data analysis.
The results showed that PS influences the perceived abnormality level of tomatoes. In Romania, the most “friendly” locations are the farmers’ markets (and in Great Britain, the organic stand of the supermarket). These results suggest that retailers should carefully consider the effect of PS where the product is sold on consumer perception and behavior.
The farmers’ market experiment.
The experiment took place in the flying farmers’ markets of Cluj-Napoca on Thursdays (hourly interval 12-14) and Saturdays (hourly interval 9-12), durin the period 22.06-1.07 2023 (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Images with products sold during the experiment at farmers’ market
The experiment aimed to study the behavior of consumers of fresh (unprocessed) vegetables and consisted of exposing customers to messages designed to encourage them to purchase misshapen vegetables. The stages of the process were: analysis of the scientific literature literature; definition of the research objective; identification of the location for conducting the experiment (local producers' market); concluding a collaboration protocol with the authority that manages the farmers’ markets; identification of producers willing to participate in the experiment; development of the protocol for the experiment; establishing the messages that will be tested; conducting the experiment; data collection; data analysis. In order to select the right messages, an analysis of the specialized literature was first carried out, then some messages were pre-tested so that they would be different in the eyes of consumers. Finally, the research team selected two messages for the experiment:
"Accept the diversity of nature!" (this one refers to the authenticity of the products) and
"Help me not to end up in the trash! ” (this one refers to waste reduction).
The experiment showed that higher sales were recorded for the message about authenticity: "Accept the diversity of nature!"
At the end of the experiments, the small local producers who participated received a certificate of participation to show their appreciation for their involvement in the efforts to reduce food waste (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Model of the diploma received by the farmers who participated in the farmers’ market experiment
Interviews on the acceptability of misshapen fruit and vegetables by farmers, food services, and retailers.
Stages: elaboration of the script for the interview; contacting potential participants; setting dates for interviews; conducting interviews; analysis of the obtained data. We created an interview script and organized two group interviews, with 10 people participating. The interviews lasted around an hour. We also investigated the causes that lead to the waste of misshapen fruits and vegetables, its effects and the proposed strategies (thus exceeding the objectives initially proposed in the project). We obtained the following information:
Causes of misshapen fruits and vegetables waste: Consumer preference for perfectly shaped fruits and vegetables; Sellers’ preference for perfectly shaped fruits and vegetables; Farmers’ discard imperfect fruits and vegetables.
Effects: Increase in food waste; Perpetuating a consumer misperception about the characteristics of imperfect fruits and vegetables; Economic losses; Negative impacts on the natural environment.
Motivations for increasing acceptability of misshapen fruits and vegetables, waste reduction strategies: More frequent commercialization of misshapen fruits and vegetables to accustom consumers to their presence and change the perception of the "abnormality" of the shape; Educating consumers to increase the acceptability of misshapen fruits and vegetables; Increase media coverage of misshapen fruits and vegetables; Use of imperfect fruits and vegetables in advertisements; Processing of imperfect fruits and vegetables; Support for local farmers from retailers.
Dissemination of the results of the 2023 Stage
The results of the project were disseminated in several ways, namely through:
- Their publication on the project web page
- Their inclusion on the platform to reduce fruit and vegetable food waste
- Their presentation at an international conference: Modern Trends in Business, Hospitality, and Tourism, third edition: Sustainable Approaches and Business Challenges in Times of Crisis, May 4-6, 2023 (https://tbs.ubbcluj.ro/conference/ 2023/index.html). The title of the paper presented was "Team Up for a Circular Economy: A Collaborative Approach between Farmers, Food Services, Retailers, and Consumers for Less Food", authors Dacinia Crina Petrescu, Ruxandra Mălina Petrescu-Mag, Iulia Ajtai, Carmen Andreea Roba, Oana Adriana Gică, Ancuța Tenter, Adina Letitia Negrușa, Valentin Toader, Nicoleta Brișan
- Publication of three articles in scientific journals:
- Vermeir, I., Petrescu, D.C. and Petrescu-Mag, R.M., 2023. What are the ‘shape friendly’ locations to sell misshapen tomatoes? The effect of point of purchase on consumers’ abnormality perception and probability to buy. Food Quality and Preference, 106, p.104809.
- Rastegari, H., Petrescu, D.C. and Petrescu-Mag, R.M., 2023. Factors affecting retailers’ fruit waste management: Behavior analysis using the theory of planned behavior and norm activation model. Environmental Development, 47, p.100913.
- Archip, B.C., Banatean-Dunea, I., Petrescu, D.C. and Petrescu-Mag, R.M., 2023. Determinants of Food Waste in Cluj-Napoca (Romania): A Community-Based System Dynamics Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), p.2140.
- The project and its results were communicated to participants in all project activities – interviews to determine platform functions (two interviews), identification of factors that can stimulate the reduction of misshapen fruits and begetables waste (two interviews) and farmers’ market experiments (two variants of the experiment).
All of the above mentioned project affiliation as per contract requirements: “Project supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-PCE-2021-0538, within PNCDI III”.


Tomato is originated in Peru of South America. It is important commercial vegetable crop of India. It is the second most important crop of world after potato. Fruits are eaten raw or in cooked form. It is rich source of vitamin A, C, potassium and minerals. It is used in soup, juice and ketch up, powder. The major tomato producing states are Bihar, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal. In Punjab state, Amritsar, Ropar, Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur are tomato growing districts.


Gardening is the practice of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants by following the essential principles of soil tillage and cultivation.
Gardening helps to heal and invigorate the mind to bring forth positive thinking.
The Importance of Gardening
In today’s society, gardening has become imperative. It is the growing and cultivating of plants for medicine, food, and ornamental purposes.
The importance of horticulture is solely about improving lives – below are a few points to consider.
- Ornamental plants are grown for their flowers, foliage, and appearance.
- Food Plants are grown for consumption, including root vegetables, leaf vegetables, fruits, and herbs.
- Economic plants, shrubs, and herbs are used as dyes or for medicinal or cosmetic use.
We will provide you with a detailed guide to starting a garden. And show you how to take care of your home gardens, shrubs, and indoor plants.
We’ve made some arrangements for your convenience.
We’ll bring experts to share needed advice on plant growing tips in the backyard.


The best raw materials
Whether traditional or innovative, our ingredients are carefully selected and compliant with different labelling.
Quality bonus: fresh, local apples transformed on site, home-made red fruit purées, etc.
The brix is the soluble dry matter in our fillings. Thanks to its continuous measurement, we can monitor the concentration of our products during production.
This monitoring, as well as the respect of percentages for each ingredient used, allows us to ensure the particularities of your filling.
Almost 30 years experience has forged our mastery of each parameter.
Our team boasts millions of hours in trials and production for our customers (with more than 250 recipes developed per year). In addition to the brix and AW, the filling you seek is defined by the pH, firmness, PH, viscosity, consistency on cooking, etc. Control over all these parameters is essential to obtain an optimal product!
Each production batch is different and requires precise know-how. Depending on the harvest or seasons, the amount of pectin, starch and fibres can vary.
Our R&D and Production teams work hand in hand to ensure that the texture of each production batch meets our customers’ demands.
Quelles textures vous faut-il ?
Quality and food safety are everyone’s responsibility. At Materne Industries, we aim for responsible growth and ensure that we achieve and exceed the expectations of our customers and consumers.
The quality of our products and processes is permanently controlled and our procedure is conducted in complete transparency with our customers.
Our commitments :


The 2019 allotment competition prizes were awarded at the meeting of the Full Council held on 25th September 2019.
The judging, as in previous years, was undertaken by members of the Ringwood Garden Club. Mr Atak, Chairman of the judging panel, said that a common criteria was used to judge the plots and that the good plots were good and the best were exceptional, which had influenced adjoining plots as these had also achieved good scores.
The overall winner couldn’t be faulted and achieved 100%. He congratulated all the winners.
Cllr Tony Ring, the Town Mayor, thanked the Ringwood Garden Club for carrying out the judging of the annual allotment competition and congratulated all plot holders on their achievements.
Cllr Andy Briers, Chairman of Recreation, Leisure and Open Spaces Committee, presented the prizes to the winners in the allotment competition.
He also thanked the Ringwood Garden Club, who carried out the judging.
The winners and runners up at each site were:
Hightown Road site
1st Peter Malloy Plot HR17
2nd Mr M Gubbins Plot HR18
1st Josephine Burkin Plot HRM12
2nd Josephine Burkin Plot HRM13
Southampton Road site
1st Anne Taylor Plot SR9
2nd Colin Joy Plot SR8
Upper Kingston site
1st Mr & Mrs Shields Plot UK10
2nd Michael Skeath Plot UK22a
Mr and Mrs Shields Plot UK10A
All prize winners received gift vouchers, site winners and the overall winner also received trophies.


Agriculture is one of the oldest practices developed by mankind. It dates back to around 10,000 BC, to a period known as the "Neolithic revolution". Prior to this period, humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers, depending on gathering wild plants and hunting animals for food. Over time, with sedentarization, agriculture became an indispensable part of society. Today, it has become a complex, highly mechanized global industry, using cutting-edge technologies such as biotechnology, computerized management and drones by farmers. However, in view of the relatively high rate of famine, and the challenges of malnutrition in Africa, there are many questions surrounding the feasibility of introducing these modern technologies into African agriculture.
The introduction of drones in the agricultural sector has opened up new possibilities and brought significant advances. Agricultural drones are equipped with sensors and cameras, enabling precise data to be collected on crops, soils and environmental conditions, helping farmers to make justified decisions and optimize their farming practices. They offer many advantages over traditional methods of crop monitoring and farmland management. The results of a case study carried out in Rwanda are a case in point; this study proved that the introduction of drones has helped farmers to collect data, enabling them to make informed decisions about fertilization, irrigation and the management of phytosanitary treatments. The repercussions are also good in terms of optimizing inputs, reducing costs and boosting crop productivity. Rwanda, a densely populated country in East Africa, is essentially dependent on the agricultural sector, which accounts for around 30% of its GDP.
Still in the African context, agriculture is highly diverse, due to the variety of climates, soils and crops present on the continent. Over time, different civilizations and regions have developed agricultural practices adapted to their specific environments. However, African agriculture remains characterized as traditional because of the conservation and use of ancestral methods; farms remain family-sized, relatively small, and aim only to provide for the family's food needs. Of course, it is possible to clearly identify the existence of Arab land, which could be used for industrial agriculture. But the lack of modern techniques and ignorance of the latest technological advances limit African farmers. The skills and knowledge required to use these technologies are also an obstacle, limiting farmers' predisposition to develop farms with an industrial outlook. What's more, there are regulatory and legal constraints linked to the use of drones at national level, not to mention the costs of acquisition, installation and maintenance, which can represent a significant initial investment for farmers.
Yet despite these difficulties, Africa's traditional agriculture continues to play a crucial role. The question, then, is whether we should simply adopt industrial or semi-industrial farming practices and modern technology to overcome looming challenges such as famine? Is industrial agriculture sustainable, given the transition to organic farming?
Toovi Joas Arnaud


Escape to your own secluded sanctuary with this exquisite 280-acre ranch in the heart of Central Texas.
As you step onto the grounds, you'll be greeted by a landscape adorned with majestic oak trees that have stood the test of time. These towering trees provide not only shade and character but also a sense of connection to the land's rich history.
A highlight of this remarkable ranch is the expansive tank, elegantly nestled within the property. Stocked with a variety of fish, it beckons both seasoned anglers and those seeking quiet contemplation by the water's edge. This serene oasis adds a touch of serenity to the landscape, inviting you to unwind and appreciate the wonders of nature.
Nature enthusiasts will find themselves in paradise as the property teems with wildlife. From deer gracefully grazing in the meadows to the symphony of bird songs echoing through the trees, every day becomes a chance to witness the wonders of the natural world.
For those with an agricultural inclination, the ranch boasts a thriving Klein grass field currently in hay production. The prospect of cultivating your own harvest is not only a practical opportunity but also a chance to immerse yourself in the rewarding rhythms of rural life.
Immerse yourself in the sweeping vistas and awe-inspiring horizons that define this exceptional property. Whether you're dreaming of a private retreat, an equestrian haven, or a place to build your legacy, this ranch promises a canvas of possibilities. Don't miss the chance to witness the enchanting views for yourself—schedule a visit to this extraordinary property and experience the allure of Central Texas ranch living at its finest.


Learn about agriculture and different kinds of agriculture jobs. Read about the different career paths you can take in agriculture. Даведайцеся, што навучанне вам трэба, і дзе, каб пачаць пошук працы.
Agriculture jobs include all kinds of farm work. Farm workers grow crops, raise animals, and turn farm produce into food. ўцекачы, імігранты, and migrants all help to produce the nation’s food.
Maybe you have a farming background and want to work on a farm. Perhaps you would like to train in an agriculture career. Read about different kinds of agriculture jobs and how to get started.
Which agriculture job?
- Small farmer – many small farms produce organic or specialist foods. Starting your own farm in the United States requires a lot of work and investment.
- Farm worker – farm workers on large farms work either with animals or with crops.
- Meat packer – work slaughtering animals and packing meat in a factory-like environment. More likely to offer health insurance than other agricultural jobs. Many meat-packing plants employ refugees.
- Seasonal worker – seasonal workers are often migrants who travel around the United following the crop harvests and planting seasons. They harvest, plant, weed, вада, pack and load these crops. Most seasonal workers are undocumented and working conditions are poor.
- Inner-city projects – there are many volunteer opportunities and some paid positions on city farms and community gardens.
- Farm machinery operator – operators of large equipment on farms need more training and certification, but they are in demand and often better paid than other farm workers.
- Government inspector – agricultural inspectors make sure food crops and animals are raised properly and follow health, safety and environmental regulations.
- Farm manager or agricultural supervisor – managers supervise farm laborers, especially migrant workers who travel from farm to farm.
- Agribusiness – careers in the business side of agriculture, including sales and other support industries, are growing. These jobs offer more management positions.
- Scientists – agricultural science includes soil science and plant genetics.
Are agriculture jobs right for me?
Agriculture is hard physical work. Farm workers and people working with animals need to be strong. Many agricultural jobs also use machinery, so it is a good job for someone who works well with machines. If you want to work outside, agriculture jobs will suit you. But farm work is dangerous, and you need to be alert around machines, chemicals and animals. If you are able to take on responsibilities, then being a farm manager or supervisor may be a good fit for you. Speaking two languages is a great asset for a manager of farm workers.
Дзе я пачынаю?
Agriculture jobs are a big part of the economy in California, Тэхас, and some mid-western and southern states. The dairy, fruit, vegetable and meat industries always need farm workers. They do not usually ask for experience or a high school education. The farmer or farm manager will train you. But these jobs are not well paid. According to the US Department of Agriculture, more than half of all farm workers are undocumented.
Skills and training
Other agriculture careers may require education and some training. Government jobs, such as agricultural inspector, require citizenship. If you want to prepare for citizenship, you can take our бясплатны онлайн клас грамадзянства.
Find agricultural classes near you
Community colleges in areas with lots of farms offer classes in agriculture. They offer two-year associate’s degrees. You can get an associate’s degree in animal science, agricultural science or biology. To work in agribusiness, or if you want to start a farm enterprise, you may also need business skills. There are many business courses at community colleges. Знайсці каледж побач з вамі.
Падрабязней на сайце
Farming programs for New Americans
Many refugees and immigrants come to America with knowledge of farming. Across the USA, you can find programs that support, train or employ refugee farmers. Here are some of them:
- Каліфорнія: New Roots
- Georgia: Global Growers
- Hawaii: Kunia Agricultural Incubator
- Айдаха: Global Gardens
- Ілінойс: Global Garden Refugee Training Program
- мэн: The New American Sustainable Agriculture Project (NASAP)
- Нью-Ёрк: Syracuse Refugee Agricultural Partnership
- Massachusetts: New Entry Sustainable Farming Project
- Missouri: International Institute Global Farms
- Тэнэсі: Growing Together
- Тэхас: Plant it Forward
- Vermont: New Farms for New Americans
- Віргінія: New Roots
Watch a video about a refugee farming program in Vermont
Што рабіць, калі я ўжо кваліфікаваны ў іншай краіне?
If you have a qualification or a degree from another country, У бок павышэння глабальнай дапамагае працы санкцыянаваных імігрантаў, ўцекачы, асоб, якія атрымалі прытулак, і ўладальнікі візы перазапускаць іх прафесійнай кар'еры ў Злучаных Штатах.
Што яшчэ мне трэба?
- Вы павінны рабіць вывучыць англійскую мову?
- вы хочаце стаць грамадзянінам?
- вы хочаце зарабіць свой дыплом GED®?
Пачніце пошук працы
- Use a job center: Government employment centers are free. Яны прапануюць кансультацыі і захаваць спіс лакальных працоўных месцаў. Яны дапамагаюць з рэзюмэ і працы прыкладанняў. Яны могуць падключыць вас да прафесійнай падрыхтоўцы і адукацыі. Знайсці бліжэйшы цэнтр занятасці.
- Пошук у Інтэрнэце: Aghires is a website for that lists agriculture jobs.
ТЫДНЯ:Meet Morris Gbolo, owner of World Crops Farm in New Jersey
ў 2002, Morris Gbolo moved to southern New Jersey as a refugee from Liberia. сёння, he is back doing what he loves – farming his favorite vegetable crops from his native land.
Watch a video about Morris Gbolo


GARDEN TIP: Mildew Preventative Care on Cucurbits (cucumbers, watermelon, ect.)
Because cucurbits are susceptible to powdery mildew I spray liquid Copper Fungicide on my cucumbers regularly as a preventative method especially before and after long periods of rain. It's important to avoid applying the spray during the warmest time of the day because this could burn the plant. I try and apply the spray either in the morning or in the evening when the sun is not directly on the plants. I will apply the spray once every two weeks or so but you could apply it more regularly depending on the weather. And it's always good to read the directions on the products you are using.


When you cook carrots, do not cut it up beforehand. This is according to a research done at the School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development of Newcastle University. It seems when carrots is boiled whole, not cut, it will contains one-quarter more of falcarinol which is an anti-cancer compound.
According to lead researcher Dr. Kirsten Brandt, when you chop up the carrots, you are increasing the surface areas through which more nutrients and falcarinol will be leached out during cooking. By not cutting up the carrots prior to cooking, you will reduce this leaching and thus enable more of the anti-cancer falcarinol to remain in the carrots.
Products with carrots


Hemp Cleanup Polluted Sites!
As human global population increases so does the increase in demand for a landscapes to grow
crops to keep up with the rising demand. However, dependence on fossil fuels and industrial
processes has left a lot of land contaminated and too toxic to support life. That is where
“bioremediation” become of importance: the use of certain plants and other living organisms to
clean up the toxified soil, surface and groundwater. The process is sustainable and affordable
remedy compared to mechanical and chemical processes. The reliance of plant only to reclaim
these polluted sites is known as “phytoremediation” and industrial hemp can literally remove
toxins from the soil.
We can’t resist but fall in love with the many uses and sustainable products that hemp gift us, not
only do we get textile fabric, food, skin care products, animal feeds but also help to cure our
planet-earth. Hemp is no longer illegal and we are much pleased with polies changing, gifting
back the mankind first crop ever cultivated.
Hemp is a perfect option for phytoremediation due to is short life cycle to fully growth, deep
roots and it’s not affected by the toxins it collects from the polluted sites. Phytoremediation
hemp can used to remove radioactive elements from soil and water for example, cadmium one of
major pollutants in soil. It can also be used to clean up pesticides, crude oil, metals, solvents,
hydrocarbon and explosives.
With thousands of contaminated sites, hemp proves to be efficient and eco-friendly way to clean
up our predicaments and as it clean up the soil, it also help carbon sequestration to reduce the air
carbonation. When phytoremediation hemp is grown, it should not be used for food or medicines
as it will soak up the toxins in the ground. Gladly it can be used safely by being distilled into
biodiesel and ethanol for use as a biofuel.
These contaminants are removed completely once the hemp crop is harvested. By growing hemp
to trapping these large amount of contaminants from soil researchers believe we can use the plant
as a byproduct and source biofuels instead of using fossil fuels.
Hemp is the solution to giving back what we took from the ecosystem: the nourished clean air,
clean water and clean soil.


For Dapoli Urban Bank Senior Science College, distinctiveness is a characteristic that differentiates this institution from any other. Distinctiveness does not mean being unique or the absolute best; rather, we pursue distinctiveness to ensure that the college stands out from other institutions in higher education and is known among the best of all those pursuing similar goals. This distinctive characteristic becomes “what the institution is known for” by the general public.
An institution pursues distinctiveness as a way of focusing and offering intellectual energy and its resources wisely for a social cause. Institutional distinctiveness sets a central theme around which excellence is built. Academic circle here recognize our services to government departments’ and farmers in the vicinity. Students gain a training and hands-on knowledge of working with high-end instruments. These services also contribute in central government ambitious mission of providing soil health cards to all farmers.
In India Fertilizer application and consumption is highly unorganized with wide variations. The NPK ratio, which is the measure of balanced use of fertilizer, shows wide inter-state and inter-crop disparity. Though there has been an impressive growth in the consumption of fertilizers in post green revolution period, their indiscriminate use has been one of the reasons for declining productivity in recent years. Studies and Evaluations have revealed that the lack of adequate soil testing facilities and related advisories have forced the farmers to depend on unreliable sources for advice on the fertilizer requirement, which is one reason for the unbalanced fertilizer use.
Soil test based nutrient management has emerged as a key issue in efforts to increase agricultural productivity and production since optimal use of nutrients, based on soil analysis can improve crop productivity and minimize wastage of these nutrients, thus minimizing impact on environmental leading to bias through optimal production. Deficiencies of primary, secondary and micronutrients have been observed in intensive cultivated areas. Maharashtra is a state with different physiographic and agro-climatic zones. Soils are generally fertile, but some deficient and problematic soils need proper management. These facts clearly demonstrate the utmost need to establish more and more soil testing labs in the State.
To address above issues, college has set-up Micro-analytical Soil testing laboratory where total 13 soil health parameters can be tested. The soil conservation department of Maharashtra state collects samples from farmers and then send to college for analytical testing. In a short span of 5 years the institution has created a niche for itself by achieving success in providing its infrastructural facility supports to government and society in general.
Following parameters are tested in the micro-analytical laboratory
|Sr. No.||Name of Parameter||Instrument used|
|3||Iron (Fe)||Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)|
|7||Organic C||Double Beam Spectrophotometer|
|11||Potassium (K)||Flame Photometer|
|13||Nitrogen (N)||Automatic Nitrogen Analyser|
Total number of soil health cards distributed to farmers (Year wise)
|Ye10ar||Total Number of Samples tested||Number of parameters tested||Total number of soil health cards distributed to farmers|
Teaching and non-teaching staff working on unaided courses are involved in the overall working of this activity. Needy students are also identified and involved as a part of ‘earn and learn scheme’. These students are trained and given different assignments related to this activity. Number of staff members and students trained under the scheme ‘Earn and Learn’
|Year||Total Number of students trained under the schem|


To grow, harvest and sell the finest quality onions in the world while promoting safe and sustainable farming practices that care for the environment.
Our people are our backbone. From where we have been, where we are, and more importantly, to where we will be going and what we are able to achieve in the future. In short, Champion Produces people are proud to provide such a nutritious food for healthy lifestyles.
What we do...
Pride and passion is ingrained within us, inspired by the generations before. Beginning in 1946, the dedication to the pursuit of the perfect onion, was set in motion.
We are continually focused on quality, freshness and delivering to our customer’s needs.
With caring dedication and a defined purpose, we put our depth of knowledge, strength of hard work, and vision for the future into every package of onions.
From our family farms, to our packaging facilities, we spare no expense in growing, selecting and shipping the finest onions.
From our family to yours,
We hope you enjoy our savory sweet onions.
Ed Wong started farming onions in Idaho in 1946, followed by his son Ralph Wong, who entered the business in the late 1950s, followed by his son and current owner John Wong who began farming onions in 1984, and his son Tanner has since joined the family business in 2012.
"Onions have always been our family passion. “With growth, there was a natural progression toward vertical integration from the farm, to packaging and sales. That is one thing that is different about us. When companies buy onions from Champion Produce, they are buying them directly from us, the farm source.”


Corporate monopolies are not new, but ownership of patented grain
seeds connotes that the control of the food supply is in the grasp of a private company. US supreme court
rules in favor of Monsanto, "that a farmer in Indiana violated the intellectual property
rights of the agricultural biotechnology titan Monsanto when he regrew the company’s genetically modified and herbicide-resistant
soybean seeds by planting second-generation seeds."
Dave Murphy, Executive Director and founder of Food Democracy Now, explains the
"Today, the Supreme
Court unanimously affirmed the corporate takeover of our food supply, in a huge win for Monsanto, and a major loss for America’s
farmers and consumers. Monsanto has long engaged in an effort to subvert family farmers that do not use their genetically-engineered
seeds and the Court has now handed corporations even more control over what our families eat."
"There's nothing they are leaving untouched: the mustard, the okra, the bringe oil,
the rice, the cauliflower. Once they have established the norm: that seed can be owned as their property, royalties can be
collected. We will depend on them for every seed we grow of every crop we grow. If they control seed, they control food, they
know it – it's strategic. It's more powerful than bombs. It's more powerful than guns."
"The recent approval of Monsanto's Roundup Ready alfalfa is one of most divisive controversies
in American agriculture, but in 2003, it was simply the topic at hand in a string of emails between the US Department of Agriculture
(USDA) and Monsanto. In the emails, federal regulators and Monsanto officials shared edits to a list of the USDA's questions
about Monsanto's original petition to fully legalize the alfalfa. Later emails show a USDA regulator accepted Monsanto's help
with drafting the initial environmental assessment (EA) of the alfalfa and planned to "cut and paste" parts of Monsanto's
revised petition right into the government's assessment."
many times will the merger of corporatist influence with governmental cooperation put the public at risk, before this insidious
process is recognized as systemic corruption?
Ms. Brown continues and injects political
influence into the equation that will virtually guarantee Monsanto’s profits as they feed poisonous food to the consumer.
"The chief agricultural negotiator for the US is the former Monsanto lobbyist, Islam
Siddique. If ratified the TPP would impose punishing regulations that give multinational corporations
unprecedented right to demand taxpayer compensation for policies that corporations deem a barrier to their profits.
. . . They are carefully crafting the TPP to insure that citizens of
the involved countries have no control over food safety, what they will be eating, where it is grown, the conditions under
which food is grown and the use of herbicides and pesticides."
on seed are illegitimate because putting a toxic gene into a plant cell is not "creating" or "inventing"
a plant. These are seeds of deception — the deception that Monsanto is the creator of seeds and life; the deception
that while Monsanto sues farmers and traps them in debt, it pretends to be working for farmers’ welfare, and the deception
that GMOs feed the world."
"Control of the food chain is a concern
that crosses all ideological perspectives. The most essential of all human rights is the effective ability of access and ingestion
of nutrients that are necessary to sustain life. Forced feeding of toxicants, as the only foodstuff available to the masses,
is a true crime against humanity."
RT: Why is the US government so keen to protect the interests of Monsanto?
WE: I think this is the strategic interest of the US agribusiness lobby, the lobby
of Bush senior as president in 1992. Monsanto went to the White House and had a closed-door meeting with Bush, and got him
to agree to make sure there are no government tests whatsoever on the health and safety of GMO products before they were released
to the commercial public. That was called the doctrine of 'substantial equivalence'– it’s a fraudulent doctrine
if you just analyze the name, it’s by no means scientifically rigorous.
The Globalist objective to reduce the earthly population coincides with Monsanto’s strategy to strangle the
food supply. The world their 'substantial equivalence' envisions has no equality among humans. The roundup has begun
and the survivors will be few.


Guatemala – Antigua – Rainforest Alliance
Origin: Antigua, Sacatapequez, Guatemala
Grower: Finca Medina
Certifications: Rainforest Alliance
Tasting Notes: Almond, Caramel, Cocoa Powder, a hint of lime, creamy body.
Process: Fully washed and sundried
Altitude: 1550 meters above sea level
Varietal: Bourbon, Caturra,
This amazing coffee is sourced from a family-owned estate in San Lorenzo El Cubo, which is near the city of Antigua. Finca Medina has been around since 1872 and offers a sustainable way of farming that is both beneficial to the farmers, environment, and workers.
Drinking this coffee will bring some joy into your life with the full body and vibrant tastes this single-origin coffee offers. Initially, this coffee has tastes of almond and caramel and finishes with a spike of lime on your tongue. Guatemalan coffees are known for their full-body which encases your tongue and makes this coffee last in your mouth. We roast this coffee lighter to allow the natural tastes of the coffee bean to shine, we think you will really enjoy it.
We recommend this coffee for coffee drinkers who enjoy a bit more exotic coffee, but it is not overly exotic or acidic and is great brewed in many ways from pour-over, drip to espresso.


|Ptocadica bifasciata on Passiflora auriculata|
|Parchicola D.F. 1 on P. oerstedii, ate holes in leaves, and now seems to be drinking from the extraflora nectar.|
Most, if not all, of the flea beetles species have the ability to eat cyanogenic Passiflora, but it remains possible that they survive better (or prefer) food with reduced amounts of cyanide. One way to test this idea in a more controlled way is to choose a single, variable species such as P. auriculata, and then compare cyanide production in plants with and without flea beetle feeding holes. I would predict that plants with many holes have low levels of cyanide, and that plants with few holes average more. To carry out this plan I found 20 auriculata plants in the successional plots at La Selva, a site where I can easily see the plants. Of these, 7 plants were extensively holed by flea beetles and 13 had few holes or none. I then measured HCN production by grinding one leaf plucked from each plant. Result: all seven of the flea-beetle-infested plants had cyanide levels below 0.1 μM/g (micromoles per gram of leaf weight), while the plants without flea beetles ranged up to 0.6 μM/g, six times as much! Although these results tend in the direction of my prediction, they are not conclusive because the results depend on only four plants with high levels of cyanide. I therefore went to another site where I could sample auriculata, and did a similar test on 10 plants. In this set I found one flea-beetle-infested plant with high levels of cyanide (0.6 μM/g), and an even more cyanogenic plant (1.1 μM/g)with no beetles. These results tell me that things are more complicated than a simple correlation between cyanide and presence of flea beetles, and that I need to dig in a little deeper to understand what is going on. For example, the beetle holes in the two sites may have been caused by different beetle species, with Parchicola being more common at the second site.
|Cebus capucinus at La Selva|
Fortunately all my work is being supervised by troops of monkeys, including the White-faced Capuchin seen here!


Summer is right around the corner and May is a great chance to get some last minute prep done in your garden. Watch this video for some tips on how to get your garden ready in May.
Organic gardening, homesteading, farming, lifestyle & how-to videos from Peaceful Valley Farm & Garden Supply.
Watch More Videos: http://www.groworganic.com/organic-gardening/videos
Read Blogs: http://www.groworganic.com/organic-gardening/blog
around the web


Conservation Tips- To follow the weekly lawn watering guide visit
For road construction updates, please refer to the city website under Government- Departments-Public Works /Streets. Email updates are available upon request at email@example.com.
Lawn Care and Storm Water Pollution
When mowing, be sure your grass clippings don’t end up in the street, sidewalk or driveway where they can be blown or washed into storm drains. The best way to prevent this is to sweep up and discard the grass clippings or blow the clippings back onto the grass. If you hire a lawn care company, make sure they leave a clean and well-groomed environment. Grass clippings are high in phosphorus, which is a major pollutant in our waterbodies. You may find yourself with a ticket if there are grass clippings that end up in the curb, gutter, or on the streets.
When applying fertilizer or pesticide, be careful not to over spread granular fertilizer onto the streets, gutters, sidewalks, or driveways. If this happens, sweep up any excess amounts, or use a blower and blow back the excess back into the yard to prevent it from eventually going into the storm drain. Fertilizers have a lot of nitrogen, and some have iron, which can stain concrete. The numbers on the fertilizer bag represent the primary nutrients.
Let us all do our part by not allowing grass clippings or fertilizer to end up on our driveways, streets, gutters, or sidewalks that could eventually get into our storm drain systems.
Free Gardening Classes at Weber Basin Water Conservancy in Layton. Sign up at weberbasin.com/conservation
• June 8, 9:00 AM, Localscapes Design Workshop
• June 12, 6:00 PM, Soils and Composting
• June 22, 9:00 AM, Localscapes Irrigation Workshop


The love of art can be expressed in so many ways! Our members used their creative ideas while having fun as they assembled their Succulent Plant Dish Gardens. Peggy Grady provided a materials list for our ladies to purchase items needed to incorporate into a dish garden.
During Peggy’s presentation, we were instructed on how to care for succulent plants. Her itemized handout included some of the best practices in providing sun, soil, and the success of growing our own plants. Peggy included directions as to plant light, rotation, watering, drainage, cleaning leaves/spines, and fertilizing succulents in the summer as well as all year long through the seasons. Her lessons were so informative and interesting that most of us will create another dish garden or two in the future.
From the picture collage below we can admire the creativity and individuality of each member’s garden dish. Thank you, Peggy, for once again providing our club with a wonderful workshop and enjoyable evening. Thank you, Jody and husband David, for hosting us on your deck, providing the work area, refreshments, and then cleaning away the planting mix, sand, gravel, stones, and dirt, all while accepting the mess for the fun of art! You rock!


What are BABOSAS?
The slug is a mollusk is a soft-bodied animal, which lacks the protective shell that can be seen in the land snail. Because it lacks a shell, the soft body requires some protection, which the animal obtains by living in cool, humid and shady places. If it is exposed to the sun for too long, it dries out and dies.
They are mostly found among the dry leaves or under rocks, where they find protection. It leaves these sites only in the early morning and late afternoon, preferably on rainy summer days. They can live in multiple habitat types
Why do slugs grow on our plants?
They love humidity and slightly warm temperatures and this is their best time to appear in orchards and gardens, they are usually seen in the winter and if it has been very cold and windy there will be fewer slugs during the spring. The same happens when summers have been especially dry and very hot, in that case in autumn we will notice less presence of slugs. Slugs come out to feed at night. The next day you can easily identify the shiny, silvery trails or trails of slime they leave on leaves and the holes and bites in young leaves and shoots.
How do slugs affect our plants?
Slugs cause very diverse damages: they devour leaves and roots, destroy young plants and stain the plants with mucous secretions, and if conditions are good and we have a lot of humidity they reproduce in such a way that they are able to kill our crops almost faster than we are able to plant them.
In short, slugs are a pest to be taken into account and we must control them from the beginning so that they do not become a big problem.
How to ELIMINATE slugs naturally?
PREDATORS OF THE BABOSAS
- Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is a lethal parasitic nematode of a large number of slug species widely used as a biological molluscicide in agricultural crops and green areas.


Mushroom is one of the most using and considered as a vegetable for nutrition worldwide there are so many dishes make from mushroom and may dish name is variable as per every country for mushroom, so many people use mushroom for salads, stews, soups, and on pizzas. Also Mushrooms is good for, protein, low calorie source of fiber and antioxidants. They may also allay the risk of developing serious health conditions, such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s, cancer, heart disease
Today we will discuss about mushroom farming, Worldwide many country do a farming for mushroom mainly China, US, Germany, India, Italy and Netherlands are the top producers of mushrooms. Its farming related business, IF you don’t have any concern with farming sector then even also you can prefer this business, and mushroom farming is most profitable business, we will give below all details information about mushroom farming
Before starting mushroom farm you have make sure for mushroom market in your area or you have to make sure how you are going to sale your mushroom to end user this is your first workout before start mushroom farming because it is very easy make product but its very hard to sale it to other, so you have good plan for sale mushroom,.
Investment for Mushroom Farming
As you know that every business require at least minimum investment and this rule is also have for mushroom farming, you have to select whether you have to start it small level or big level as per requirement you will require investment, you should have some money with you after farm start so you can handle your working capital in this business
Location for Mushroom Farming
You have to select best location for your mushroom farming, if you have your own farm then you can start to use your own farm for mushroom farming or else you have to find best place for you mushroom farming, location should be near your hometown and also it should be easy to reach at farm and electricity connectivity should be there and main is pollution free environment should be there
Raw Material for Mushroom farming
Before starting mushroom farm you have to check available source for getting raw material for mushroom farming because if you don’t get raw material on time then your all money will be waste for this business and for mushroom farming you will require spawn, wheat straw or barley straw, insecticides and formalin many raw material for it.
Shed For Mushroom farm
Before start preparation for mushroom farm shed you have to decide in what quantity you are going to make production for mushroom as per this you have to construct shed for mushroom farm because your shed size is depend on your product making capacity for mushroom
Different types of Mushrooms
You have to select which types mushroom types you want to cultivate because each types of mushroom has different method of cultivation so you need to have decide it below are the list of different types of mushroom
- Button Mushroom
- Oyster Mushroom
- Enokitake Mushroom
- Morel Mushroom
- Milky Mushroom
- Maitake Mushroom
- Cremini Mushroom
- Porcini Mushroom
- Paddy Straw Mushroom
- Portobello Mushroom
Making Compost for Mushroom
If you want to make compost for oyster mushroom then wheat straw, dried water hyacinth, banana leaves, corncobs, sugarcane bagasse, cotton waste or sawdust ae used for cultivation. The materials are usually composted for 6-30 days before use, depending on the substrate.
You have to make sure how make compost as making compost process is different as per the location and environment and you have to follow it and need to search as per your area
Preparation of beds for of mushroom cultivation
- You have to Wash your hands thoroughly with antiseptic lotion. And you need to use polythene cover and tie it from the bottom end with a thread and turn it inwards.
- You have to maintain room temperature as per requirement for mushroom.
- You have to Make store of paddy straw or wheat straw
- You need to cut straw in 5 to 6 cm sizes
- once you cut the straw you have to keep it for Soaking in cold water for 4-5 hours
- once straw ready for further the you have to keep Spawn ready for next
- Arrange Poly bag with of size 60 x 30 cm, with a thickness of 70 to 80 gauges for cultivation.
- you have to Strip one side at the end of bag
- after that you have to fill straw till to a height level comes up with 2-4 inch
- After that you have to sprinkle the spawn on that straw and you have to follow this step to every of 2-4 inch straw layer.
- Repeat this process to get 4-5 straw layers with spawns
- After that filling slightly press the bag and tight with thread
- Put some very small hole for ventilation to bag you can do 6 to 7 hole to bag
- And mark to the bag with date so easy that identify the date in future
- Finally Hanging this bag to rope system
Precautions for mushroom farming
- Keep protection from rat as rate eat spawn and mushroom also you need keep away.
- Periodically you have to sprinkle water to maintain the required temperature.
- You should not spray any insecticides on the mushroom beds and in rooms as well.
- Keep the room dark so that spawn growth will be faster.
- Do not allow visit again and again in the room or in mushroom bed
How long does mushroom take to be harvested?
Mushroom harvesting can go up to 35 to 42 days and its depend on how you maintain the temperature and other thinks
Note: We just try to share information which we have and before taking action for mushroom farming you have to ask the expert for it so you can make success full in mushroom farming


There are 3 community orchards in Arun and they are great places to meet, relax or get active by helping to care for the trees and their surroundings.
They encourage biodiversity, education and help to preserve rare Sussex varieties of apple.
To find out more about our orchards, or learn how to get involved, contact our us by email firstname.lastname@example.org or phone 01903 737960.
Herington's Field Community Orchard
Where: Heringtons Field, Fitzalan Road, Arundel, BN18 9JP
Herington’s Field is Arun’s newest orchard and all of the tree varieties – which include Crawley Beauty apple trees and Conference pear trees - are connected to Sussex.
The orchard project is funded by Arun Wellbeing and there is a Friends Group that was established to help manage the orchard. Pupils from Arundel Church of England School are also helping as part of an ongoing school project.
Rife Community Orchard
Where: Felpham Recreation Ground, Brooks Lane, Bognor Regis, PO22 8AT
This orchard was planted in winter 2012 and has a very active working party that meet regularly to create a biodiverse space, plant new trees and maintain the orchard.
The community orchard is run by the Greener Bognor Network, who work with the Parks Service to maintain and support it.
Maltravers Community Orchard
Where: Maltravers Leisure Gardens, Maltravers Road, Littlehampton, BN17 5EY
This orchard was planted in December 2012 with the help of local residents, River Beach Primary School, Worthing and Arun Mind and Brighton Permaculture Trust. It was funded by Arun Wellbeing.
A walnut tree was donated to celebrate the years anniversary by the Chairman of Worthing and Arun Mind.


Water is the highest demanded resource across the world and will be for generations to come. It is important to conserve it as best as we can and use it as efficiently as possible.
Lawn watering strategies
Most homeowners are surprised to learn that more plants and shrubs die from over-watering than anything else. Sprinklers running throughout the day contribute to a large portion of water consumption annually. Do not exceed watering recommendations for plants and shrubs; if in doubt consult with your local nursery.
It's important not only to not overwater, but to water
at the right times
; take advantage of the cool and moist air
during the early morning and late afternoon
when watering the lawn. Due to the natural heat of the sun during the middle of the day, much of the water intended for the lawn will evaporate before it ever penetrates the soil. Watering in low wind conditions also improves efficiency.
Using rain water efficiently can also help lower the need for lawn sprinklers. The roof of a typical home captures
more than 100,000 liters of rainwater a year
. By capturing rainwater for reuse, you not only save water and lower your water bill, but you also decrease polluted urban runoff into local streams, bays and oceans. You can also help reduce local and downstream flooding.
Eco-friendly native vegetation landscapes
The use of native plants is on the rise across the country as more and more people are learning about the many benefits they bring. Because native plants are well adapted to their local environments, they
tend to be low-maintenance
in terms of gardening, landscaping and water usage.
Some additional benefits:
Native plants provide wildlife with
familiar sources of food and shelter
They can improve soil fertility, reduce erosion, and
often require less pesticides and fertilizer
than other outside plants.
Maintain a properly functioning irrigation system that
utilizes treated waste wate
r or greywater.
Adjust sprinklers to water
only grass areas.
or trickle-down hoses to water trees.
around trees and shrubs to retain moisture.
Raise cutting deck on lawnmower for
longer blades of grass
to hold moisture better.
, and install rain barrels.
Eliminate water use when possible
outdoors, when cleaning areas, and replacing or installing fixtures or infrastructure.
Sweep or use a hand blower
to clear paved areas.
automatic shut-off nozzle
to control, when installing or using an ornamental water fountain.
permeable paving system
when replacing driveways, parking lots, and sidewalks.


Center for Communications, Health and the Environment
|Summer 2010||Vol. 5, Issue 1|
GM Crops Proliferate, Raising Global Hopes and Fears
Despite their successful development and proliferation over the last decade, genetically engineered (GE), or transgenic, crops carry potential risks. Environmental biosafety concerns center around problems created directly by growing such crops, and problems created by unintended descendants of them.
In assessing the direct environmental impact of transgenic crops, scientists have focused almost exclusively on the evolution of pests that are resistant to control, and unwanted effects on species in affiliated ecosystems, particularly from the use of transgenic herbicide-resistant plants. The impact of this herbicide-resistance on diversity, however, depends largely on the type of herbicide, and where and how it is used.
Emergence of resistance in pests targeted for control by or associated with transgenic crops is simply a matter of time. This inevitability derives from the fact that transgenic products currently use a single, uniform control method over huge areas. Most of the millions of acres of GE corn and cotton now grown in the United States, for example, are engineered with one or two bacterial genes from the species Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), enabling the plants to make their own pesticides to target certain insect pests. Because these Bt products do not kill all insect species, they are deemed relatively environmentally benign. But the National Research Council (NRC) considers the evolution of resistance to Bt crops unavoidable, and the evolution of resistant pests is a potential environmental hazard of transgenic crops because more environmentally damaging alternative treatments would then be needed for control.
Meanwhile, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has issued guidelines mandating that farmers plant “refuges” of non-Bt varieties in plantations of Bt varieties to prevent or delay the evolution of resistance. This strategy may be working, given that no pests have yet evolved resistance to Bt crops in the field, despite their commercialization for more than a decade.
A crop engineered to interfere with the reproduction or viability of one or more pests, however, might also interfere with nonpest species. For example, while Bt corn was developed to control certain moth varieties, reports of potentially toxic effects on monarch butterfly larvae surfaced in the late 1990s. A flurry of subsequent research demonstrated the effects to be highly variable, and current commercial Bt corn varieties are not considered hazardous to the larvae – but one variety that is no longer grown would have been. This illustrates that transgenic crops could impact nontarget organisms and that risk assessment research can help clarify whether a supposed risk is, in fact, a problem.
Bt in corn, for example, reduces environmental effects relative to spraying broad-spectrum insecticides, yet, prior to its advent, many American corn farmers did not spray any insecticides to curb the pests controlled with Bt, the NRC reports. These farmers simply took their chances, possibly because the damage from the lepidopteran pests of corn varies so much from year to year.
Meanwhile, the possibility of unintended reproduction by GE crops has raised questions about whether direct undomesticated, or feral, descendants of these crops may prove to be new weeds or invasives, and whether unintended hybrids between transgenic crops and other plants could lead to problems.
Progeny of GE crops could pose risks if their transgenic traits alter their ecological performance such that they evolve increased aggressiveness. Some crop plants – especially those with a long history of domestication like corn and soybeans – pose little hazard because traits that make them useful to humans also reduce their ability to establish feral populations in either agroecosystems or nonagricultural habitats, according to the NRC. But other cultivated plants, including certain forage and turf grasses, ornamentals, rice, rye and alfalfa, are often found growing on their own as feral populations that create problems, as documented by J. Gressel in the 2005 book Crop Ferality and Volunteerism. This tendency to establish troublesome feral populations could increase as the result of acquiring new traits – but whether new weeds, or any of the other hazards identified on the basis of good research, come to pass still remains to be seen.
** Based on an article by the author published in the July-September 2006 issue of California Agriculture.
|Copyright © 2010 Center for Communications, Health and the Environment (CECHE)
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5 Tips for Keeping Your Plants Healthy
A few weeks ago, we gave a list of some of our top recommendations for houseplants, based on their ability to clean the air in your home (if you missed it, you can read it here: 5 Air-Purifying Plants for Your Home). The next step of having house plants is keeping them alive — and not just barely living, but thriving and offering their optimal air-cleaning benefit.
Thankfully, we have five helpful and trending tips from Pinterest to keep your plants alive.
1. PACKING PEANUTS
Your soil needs proper drainage in order to not drown or rot the plant’s roots. Plus, you need to be able to pick up the planter — or at least move it — without throwing out your back.
The solution: fill the bottom half of your planter with packing peanuts. Then place a layer of fabric on top and fill with soil like normal. It will create better drainage while also dramatically reducing the weight.
2. EGGSHELL WATER
Great for both your house plants and your garden. Ditch the heavy bag of plant fertilizer and boost your plants’ calcium and potassium levels with this homemade fertilizer made by combining eggshells and water in an empty container.
3. PROPER PRUNING
Just like you, your plants need haircuts to stay healthy and look their best. In gardening, this is called pruning. This guide teaches you the proper procedure for pruning your plants for the best results.
4. WATER & LIGHT
You could water your plants every day and think you are a great plant parent… then be totally confused when half of your plants are withering and brown two weeks later. Every type of plant needs a certain amount of water and sunlight, and this helpful guide breaks down the needs of common house plants.
5. COFFEE FILTERS
Coffee filters are an indoor garden game changer. Simply lining the pot with a coffee filter keeps the drainage holes in the bottom free from clogging up — and soil from sneaking out after watering. Coffee filters are also seriously absorbent, so you can skip a watering here and there and not end up with a dried-up disaster. So you are left with no messes, just happy, healthy plants.
Do you have any tips for keeping your house plants healthy and thriving? We would love to hear all about them in the comments below!


In the four decades Mary Beth Lieb has been farming with her husband, Ralph, she has seen dry times and wet times, and she has learned one thing: You have to roll with the punches.
“You can’t change Mother Nature,” Lieb said.
The biggest concern for the Nicktown farmer is getting the second cutting of hay to start growing. It’s not going to happen without rain, Lieb said.
The Liebs are not alone.
Depending on when the corn was planted in the spring, some is tall and going into tassel while later plantings are struggling to meet the old adage of being “knee-high by the Fourth of July,” Tom Ford, Penn State Extension horticulture educator, said.
“In some valleys, the corn is beautiful. But on the other end of that valley it looks like a pineapple,” Ford said. “It all depends on who got the showers.”
Rainfall in May was relatively normal, Charles Ross, a meteorologist and hydrologist with the National Weather Service in State College, said. But June was a different story.
“Over the past month, it’s been pretty dry, about one-half of the rainfall we normally have,” Ross said.
Records show that Cambria and much of Somerset County, in a normal June, get four inches of rainfall.
In June, the rainfall came in at about two inches.
Adding to the concern is the high temperatures that create significant moisture evaporation.
Crops in northern Cambria County, especially corn and soybeans, were doing fairly well until the later part of June and early July, said farmer Martin Yahner of Patton.
“Every day it goes by without rain we’re seeing more drought stress. The soybeans have quit growing. They’re waiting for rain,” he said.
The corn is rolling – the stalks folding in an effort to diminish moisture evaporation – and, as it moves into the tassel stage, is generating some real concern, Ford said.
While corn planted early because of the warm spring is shoulder high, it is starting to tassel up at a time when it needs moisture the most.
“For some of the corn crop we’re at a critical time for rainfall,” Ford said. “We need rain now so the ears will fill out.”
Some parts of Somerset County appear to have received a little more rain than Cambria, but it may not have been enough to matter, said Harold Shaulis, a Milford Township farmer.
“We’ve had spots that are dry, and while we are getting by, we really need some rain,” he said. “Farming is always a challenge.”
Alfalfa growth is stunted by the lack of rain and even “plain old hay” is not growing, Shaulis said.
The unsettled weather patterns over the July 4 holiday likely did little to ease the drought-like conditions and, while temperatures will be close to July normals for the next 10 days, no significant rainfall is expected, Ross said.
Ford and others are attempting to stay optimistic and continue to hope for the best through July and August when temperatures may be slightly higher than normal.
“The soybeans are sitting there and, with any rainfall, they probably will be fine,” Ford said. “As for the corn, we’re not super critical yet. But we’re getting there.”
To read stories in their entirety, visit one of these links:


My goal with each of the Belle Glos single-vineyard Pinot Noir vineyards is to express the genuine uniqueness of each vineyard site. Our Clark & Telephone vineyard is located in the Santa Maria Valley AVA, which is unlike most North American wine growing regions, as the valley runs from east-to-west instead of parallel to the ocean. This creates a much cooler climate because the wind and sea fog are funneled directly in from the Pacific, resulting in a long growing season and ripening period for the grapes. Perfect for growing our style of Pinot Noir.
This vineyard was planted in 1972 to the Martini clone of Pinot Noir on its own roots. As a result of intensive pruning and crop thinning, the vines produce loose clusters, with small, intensely flavored berries, yielding dense, dark-berry fruit and abundant sweet brown spice characteristics that are synonymous with this particular clone.
I’m very happy to say that since it’s first release in 2002, The Clark & Telephone Vineyard Pinot Noir has been growing in popularity. The 2010 vintage was rated 93 points by Wine Spectator Magazine and was featured in their Top 100 wine list of 2012. Wine & Spirits Magazine also rated Belle Glos as the #1 Most Popular Pinot Noir in both their 2011 and 2012 Annual Restaurant Polls.
Thanks to our loyal pinot-philes, we are able to take this vineyard one step further. I know how much our fans enjoy this wine, so on March 11th, 2013 we planted more Pinot Noir vines at this beautiful site, using some adjoining land that was previously planted to Chardonnay. Once we pulled out the old vines, we ripped the ground in three directions at a depth of three feet. The block was then cultivated with discs to get the ground ready to plant. Beginning with breaking ground, then planting and covering with cartons for protection from wind and sun, and finally having irrigation up and running, it took nearly 3 weeks. Now on to the careful tending of the young vines as they mature over the next decade or so, into world class Pinot Noir fruit bearers. Thanks to our trusted vineyard managers and Belle Glos fans for playing an important role in helping us preserve and cultivate a bright future for our Clark & Telephone Vineyard.
- Joseph Wagner, Winemaker & Viticulturist
Clark & Telephone Vineyard (Photo Copyright by Lee Ibarra and The Wagner Family of Wine)


Ridiculously great coffee.
To support low-income producers, their families and their communities in the areas of education, sustainable agriculture and economic growth.
Not to mention, we’re all about amazing coffee, great relationships and long meaningful conversations.
Our veins flow with coffee and the dedication to all things “high quality.” The products we source, the programs we run, and the training we give are all backed by decades of best practice, care and experience.
The profits from each bag of coffee goes directly back into the producer's community.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
We identify farmers, families and communities in rural Latin American countries whose livelihood is based on agriculture and who are living below the poverty line
We teach, train and empower them to develop sustainable farming practices, build long-lasting community partnerships and increase the reach of their products
We help farmers get their products into the hands of the global market so they can provide for their family, grow their influence and enrich their community
Good Trade not Free Aid
Good Trade Co. is breaking the cycle of poverty and unequal transactions by empowering communities through 1-to-1 training and educational workshops.
We also teach and assist entrepreneurs how to bring their products to the global market, thus expanding their reach and increasing their income.


Welcome to AJ's Plant Care
AJ's Plant Care has been serving Buffalo & WNY for the past ten years with quality work in all facets of plant care.
At AJ’s Plant Care, we use various techniques for tree care and landscape maintenance.
With the recent rise in plant diseases caused by insects, pests, and other environmental issues, plant healthcare is fast becoming a necessary part of a successful tree care strategy. In the Buffalo area, trees and other plants feel stressed in multiple ways. When they lack the needed plant nutrients, they are prone to harboring plant diseases, attracting insects that are harmful to them, and to the surrounding environment.
OUR SERVICES GET A QUOTE
Protect your investment! Contact us to fertilize your plants and trees.
AJ’s Plant Care Service is a plant healthcare expert. Let us uncover the potential issue.
Let us take a look to see what options you have to help prevent this from happening to you.


Dahlias, planting and care when grown from tubers
Dahlias - flowers from the family of Astrovs. They came to Europe from South America. To date, there are many varieties of these ornamental ornamental plants. They are known for a variety of shapes and colors, the height of the bush and the size of flowers. Although not very fastidious dahlias, planting and caring for them requires certain skills. The fact is that the common feature of these plants is their extreme sensitivity to cold. It can even be easy to kill them.
Dahlias are herbaceous plants withroots-tubers. At home, they grow as perennials. We, however, can only grow them as an annual culture. Plant tubers every fall have to dig out to save in the winter. In the spring they are again planted in the garden. There are several ways to plant dahlias. It is known that they can be propagated by seeds, cuttings and tubers. The most convenient and common way is planting tubers.
How to prepare dahlia tubers for planting
Usually the tubers of dahlias are placed in the cellar for the winterat a temperature above 0 degrees. Unfortunately, wintering is not always successful. Part of the tubers can bend, the other part - wither. In the spring they are taken out and prepared for planting. Do this for half a month before landing in the ground.
For this, rotted parts of the tubers are removed. Place the cut with a solution of manganese and sprinkle with crushed charcoal. This will protect our dahlias from diseases. Planting and nursing in this case will be more successful. If the tubers have dried, they need to be put in water for 2 hours, and then, after drying, spread out in packages. The tubers are divided into groups. Each of them should consist of a part of the stem with gnawing buds in the region of the root neck and two or three tubers of small size.
After the dahlias, landing andcare is as follows: the tubers are laid out on transparent plastic bags and left for two weeks in a warm and bright place. During this time, the kidneys are squashed on the pieces. In the walls of the bags, holes must be made to make the tubers breathe.
Some gardeners after the sproutsbecome long, continue to germinate the tubers in wet sawdust or in the ground. This gives rise to already grown plants by the time of disembarkation into the ground. Plant the dahlias in the soil in such a way that their shoots do not fall under recurrent frost.
For dahlias choose a bright place. In addition, it should be protected from the wind, as dahlias with a strong wind are easily broken. The place should be as dry as possible. These flowers grow well on loam and do not tolerate sour soil. Therefore, if the soil is acidic, it is recommended that garden lime be added to it when digging.
The earth is well digged and holes are made in it. Their depth should be about 30 cm. In the holes it is necessary to add peat or humus and add superphosphate (1 tablespoon).
A few words about how to plant dahlias soso that they grow better: the tubers in the hole are placed not vertically, but horizontally. When planting, do not overtighten the root neck too much. It should protrude slightly above the soil. Start up with no more than 3 shoots. All other side shoots on tall dahlias should be removed. When dahlias grow up, they tie them to the support.
Care for dahlias
If you first bought dahlias, planting andcare should not bother you too much. These plants are not particularly demanding. With good sunlight, warmth and moderate watering, they feel great. Periodically they need to be bored. Do not forget to fertilize them. For the season, this must be done at least 3 times. A full mineral fertilizer or Mullein solution is applied. Try not to fill in dahlias - this can lead to decay of tubers. This will be enough for the plants to delight you to frost with their beautiful flowers.


- December 7, 2022
- Category: News
Westcotts’ new agricultural business adviser has farming in his blood
A new agricultural business expert appointed by Westcotts brings with him a wealth of experience of Devon’s farming industry.
Will Fisher, who joins the firm’s agricultural consultancy, has been working in the sector for more than eight years and will be acting for clients across East Devon and Somerset providing advice and support on a wide range of financial matters.
He specialises in helping farming clients with business performance, financing, budgeting, and monitoring cashflow. In addition, he is well versed in applications for government grants, stewardships, and farming subsidies.
As well as working for Westcotts, Will runs a farm with his partner near Newton Abbot and manages around 200 beef cattle. He also holds a degree in agricultural management, having studied at the University of Plymouth’s Bridgwater campus and graduated last year.
Will is currently based at Westcotts’ Holsworthy office but will move to the firm’s Bridgwater base once he has completed his training. He will also represent Westcotts at many of the South West’s agricultural shows next year.
Will Fisher said: “In my role as an agricultural business adviser with Westcotts, I hope to help grow the consultancy side of the firm. I will be heavily involved in all aspects of assisting clients to navigate their way through the often-complicated process of financing their businesses and their access to grant funding, particularly as the industry makes the transition from EU to UK funding over the next few years. I deal with many of the grant and stewardship enquiries that come through.”
He added: “We’re always working towards the following financial year and so accurate forecasting and making the appropriate budgetary considerations is often a large part of the job. Farming can be very challenging and my experience in the industry has certainly helped me to have a real understanding of the pressures and priorities facing clients in this sector, so you could say that I have farming in my blood.”
Will is able to draw on the specialist expertise of his colleagues at Westcotts when it comes to dealing with taxation and other accountancy-related matters, providing a full-service business package for farming clients.
Peter Brown, Agricultural Director for Westcotts said: “We are delighted to welcome Will to the agricultural team here at Westcotts. I’ve no doubt that his experience and expert working knowledge of the sector will be invaluable in helping our clients with the diverse range of financial issues they encounter when running their farming businesses.
“We understand that farming is more than a business; it’s a way of life and we have been supporting farmers with business and accountancy advice for over 30 years. I’m confident that Will can further strengthen our existing specialist team to meet the future needs of our clients.”
More information about the agricultural team can be found here.


Many people are beginning to see how great an organic garden really can be. With the application of the simple, yet effective advice in this article, you should soon be able to cultivate your own flourishing organic garden. Follow our tips and reap the rewards.
To prevent your plants from getting shocked by a big change, get them gradually used to climate and temperature changes. The first day you transfer your plants, you should only allow them to sit in direct sunlight for a few hours. After a week, leave your plants outside for twice as long. If you do this correctly, the plants should be able to make their final move at the end of a week’s time.
The handles on your gardening tools can be used as a convenient measuring instrument. Tools with long handles such as hoes and rakes can double as measuring sticks. Lay the handles of said tools on the ground where it is flat and there is no interference, such as gravel, and stretch a measuring tape along one side. Use a permanent marker to label distances. Now, every time you work in your garden, you are going to have a powerful ruler at the touch of your fingertips.
Plant vines like ivy to cover fences and dividing walls. Known commonly as climbers, these plants are very versatile, easy to grow, and they will quickly spread out to cover up walls and fences within a single season. It is possible to get them to grow in conjunction with trees and bushes already on the premises, or train them to drape over arbors. Some of these plants must have support, and some can attach themselves to something using their stems and tendrils. Wisteria, jasmine, honeysuckle, clematis and some rose varieties are good choices for climbers.
Let your new seeds soak in a dark spot overnight. Place your seeds in a container filled with water. The seeds will get the hydration they need to start growing. The seeds will have a better chance of surviving and maturing.
One very good way to deal with weeds is to boil them away. Boiling water is an excellent, organic substance for use against weeds. Pour boiling water on any weeds, but be careful not to spill it on plants you want to keep. Boiling water will actually hurt the roots, and it will prevent the weeds from growing.
If you want the best tasting vegetables, learn about the optimum time to harvest them. There is a specific time to pick every sort of vegetable in order to maximize its taste and cooking utility. Veggies such as zucchini or baby peas, for instance, taste their best if they get picked young. Plant winter vegetables at the right time for a sweeter flavor. Remember that the vegetables will taste best if you harvest them at the proper time.
Another way to help them grow is by watering them with the liquid that is left from cooking vegetables. You should also try using a bit of coffee grounds or tea to increase the acidity of the soil for your gardenias or your rhododendrons. If your garden has a fungus problem, a highly effective treatment method is to sprinkle it with chamomile tea.
One way to create a great organic garden is to allow for a portion of your yard to be undeveloped for wildlife. Your cultivated garden spaces will benefit from the various insects and wildlife that will inhabit and pollinate the undeveloped space.
It’s important to let your cuts heal prior to doing any horticulture without gloves. If an open wound is not protected while you are working in the garden, dirt and bacteria may cause the cut to become infected. Get the appropriate bandages to seal the cut completely.
As long as you can find the proper information and implement it correctly, you should have no trouble growing a great organic garden. The above tips will help you make a wonderful garden. The tips in this article will lead to great success no matter which varieties you choose to grow.


12 Vegetables & herbs you can buy once and regrow forever
There are some ingredients I cook with so often I can never buy too many of them, and most of them are produce. Onions, garlic and fresh herbs are staples in a lot of dishes, and they may be inexpensive, but when you use them on a daily basis it can add up.
Some foods are easy to regrow at home from leftover scraps, and some of them can even be grown right on your kitchen counter. Here are 10 vegetables and herbs you can buy once and regrow forever.
When garlic starts to sprout, the little green shoots are too bitter to cook with.
Rather than throwing away sprouted cloves, you can put them in a glass with a little water and grow garlic sprouts. The sprouts have a much milder flavor than garlic cloves and are great in salads, pasta and as a garnish.
Like basil, grow cilantro by keeping the stems in a glass of water, which you should then plant in a pot of soil once they seem long enough. Make sure they get plenty of sunlight.
You’ll see progress in just a few weeks, and will be able to enjoy fresh cilantro in a few months, earning a reputation as the wisest cook in town.
3. Carrot Greens
The ends of carrots you usually chop off and throw away will grow carrot greens if you put them in a dish with a little water. Set the dish in a well-lit windowsill and you’ll have carrot tops to use as a garnish or in salads.
Put a few basil clippings with 4-inch stems in a glass of water and place it in a spot with direct sunlight. When the roots are about 2 inches long, you can plant them in pots to grow a full basil plant.
In as little as 5 days you can completely regrow a full scallion (or green onion) from the scraps. Leave about an inch attached to the roots and place them in a small glass with a little water. In a few days, you’ll have all new scallions.
6 Romaine Lettuce
This trick is a vegetarian’s dream to discover. Take the stem of a romaine lettuce head, set it in a bowl with water (between half an inch and two inches), and leave out for healthy helpings of the sun on the windowsill.
It’s best to change the water every two days or so. In two weeks, you’ll notice new lettuce, and you’ll have a new head of romaine within the month.
It’s an early spring vegetable. When grown properly, you can enjoy its produce for 25 years. Seeds need more time to mature, which means that planting crowns is a smarter option. Don’t overwater your asparagus, otherwise it will rot.
8. Bok Choy
Soak the root end in water, and keep it in a sunny spot. Wait for a couple of weeks, and plant the vegetable in a pot. You will soon notice the new “head” growing out.
Cut off the celery bottoms, and soak them in a shallow bowl or saucer. You will soon notice new leaves, and you can plant your celery after 3 days.
Like onions, ginger root can be planted in soil to regrow, but the process is a lot more lengthy. It can take a few months for it to sprout, and you should be able to harvest a fully grown bulb in 8 to 10 months.
11. Globe artichoke
Artichokes are harvested only when they develop the perfect purple flower crown. You need moist soil, enough sunlight, and a proper drainage system.
Plant artichokes about 36 inches apart. Make sure they get enough sunlight. You need about 2 inches of compost, too.
Use high-nitrogen fertilizer every month. Harvest the artichokes in spring and fall, and only pick the close buds with long stalks.
You don’t have to wind up in a tropical location to enjoy fresh pineapples, but you will need patience. On average, it takes two to three years for a plant to begin producing fruit.
Just slice off the top of the spiky fruit — about a half inch below the leaves — to grow a new one. Trim the exterior of the bottom until you can see bumpy, brown root buds. Make sure no fruit is left over, or it will rot. Dry it out for a few days, maybe even a week, before planting. Then get used to that sweet, tangy flavor (because, hey, you deserve it).


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WHO ARE WE?
Our plan is to have a cafe in the Red Light District of Amsterdam. We desire to see community, connection, and justice come alongside our passion for specialty coffee.
We are Jesus people that love to share our story and hear yours. Want to know more in depth? Come by, grab a cuppa and get to know us.
YOUR CUP MAKES A DIFFERENCE.
We chose to collaborate with @uncommoncoffee. Solid people + solid vision for fair coffee and sustainability in the industry. We chose these guys because they see beyond the business to see the person.
The legendary milk you’ve always wanted. This milk is the freshest and most direct about what they do. In every bottle you can scan the QR code to see a picture, name and information of the exact cow it came from.
Come by for the creamiest flat white, using @elkemelk.
Our used coffee grounds are recycled to benefit the land! As priesthood we want to limit the waste of coffee grounds, so we store them up monthly + give them to @theetuin.thefigtree to use for their wonderland of a garden.
The benefit of using coffee grounds as a fertilizer is that it adds organic material to the soil, which improves drainage, water retention and aeration in the soil. The used coffee grounds will also help microorganisms which are beneficial to plant growth thrive as well as attract earthworms.
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The issue of Sustainable Palm Oil production is a concern to our company. In line with our commitment to Sustainability, Bakels Edible Oils has implemented a commitment to purchase its Palm Oil requirements in line with the GreenPalm Certificate Trading Programme, a RSPO (Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil) endorsed programme. This programme is designed to encourage Palm Oil producers to conduct their business in a Sustainable and responsible manner.
Palm Oil purchased by Bakels Edible Oils for its manufacturing requirements is purchased in conjunction with the GreenPalm Certification Program, thus supporting the development of Sustainable Palm Oil production. Funds generated by GreenPalm levies are returned to Palm Oil producers and organisations that audit the Palm Oil producers, to ensure they meet the criteria required for Sustainable Palm Oil production.
As a responsible supplier of quality ingredients to the Food Industry, Bakels Edible Oils is committed to continuous improvement in its processes and policies relating to Sustainability.