|Location||Delaware County, PA|
|Size||Over 300 acres|
|Attractions||Mini Golf, Petting Zoo, Corn Maze|
Linvilla Orchards, located in Delaware County, PA, is a historical farm established in 1906 that now spans over 300 acres. In addition to its farming offerings, Linvilla also offers a variety of attractions for visitors, including mini golf, a petting zoo, and a corn maze. The mini golf course is one of the main attractions on the property and provides a fun activity for all ages to enjoy.
|Location||Price||Number of Holes||Year Established|
Linvilla’s mini golf is located in Linvilla, PA and features 18 holes. The price for a game ranges from $8 to $10. The mini golf course was established in 1963, making it a longstanding and enduring attraction for visitors.
The location of Linvilla’s mini golf course is in Glen Mills, Pennsylvania 19342.
|The Golf Course at Linvilla Orchards||Media, PA||2.3 miles||6 minutes|
|Edgmont Country Club||Newtown Square, PA||6.5 miles||13 minutes|
|Gilbertsville Golf Club||Gilbertsville, PA||35.3 miles||46 minutes|
The Golf Course at Linvilla Orchards, which includes a mini golf course, is located in Media, PA, only 2.3 miles away from the center of town. Other nearby courses include Edgmont Country Club in Newtown Square, which is 6.5 miles away and takes about 13 minutes to travel to, and Gilbertsville Golf Club in Gilbertsville, which is 35.3 miles away and takes approximately 46 minutes to reach by car. All distances and travel times are approximate and based on commonly accessible references.
|Location||Delaware County, Pennsylvania|
|Distance from Philadelphia||20 miles|
|Number of Mini Golf Courses||2|
|Hours of Operation||10:00 am to 9:00 pm|
Located in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Linvilla Mini Golf is approximately 20 miles away from Philadelphia. It has two mini golf courses that attract a lot of visitors. Linvilla’s Mini Golf operates seven days a week and opens at 10:00 am, closing at 9:00 pm. Whether you are a beginner or a pro, Linvilla’s Mini Golf ensures a great time for everyone.
|Number of mini golf courses at Linvilla||2||https://www.linvilla.com/activities/miniature-golf/|
|Location of Linvilla’s mini golf courses||In Linvilla’s Garden Center||https://www.linvilla.com/activities/miniature-golf/|
|Cost of mini golf at Linvilla||$6 per person||https://www.linvilla.com/activities/miniature-golf/|
Linvilla’s mini golf is located in the garden center of Linvilla Orchards. They have two mini golf courses available for visitors to enjoy. The cost is $6 per person. If you’re looking for a fun activity for the whole family, Linvilla’s mini golf is a great choice.
|Distance from Philadelphia||approximately 20 miles|
|Number of Mini Golf Courses||two|
|Price for 18 holes||$8|
|Price for 36 holes||$14|
Linvilla’s mini golf is a family-friendly attraction located in Media, Pennsylvania, roughly 20 miles from Philadelphia. The facility features two different mini golf courses and offers prices of $8 for 18 holes and $14 for 36 holes. It’s a fun and affordable way to spend an afternoon with friends or family. (Factual reference: Linvilla’s website)
Reviews show that Linvilla’s mini golf is a popular attraction among visitors, with a rating of 4.5 out of 5 stars on TripAdvisor based on over 100 reviews. The mini golf course is located in Media, Pennsylvania, and offers 18 holes of family-friendly fun for all ages. Many reviewers comment on the well-maintained greens and unique obstacles, such as a windmill and a pirate ship. Additionally, the course offers affordable prices and a concession stand. According to Linvilla Orchards’ website, the mini golf course is open daily from 9am to 5pm during the summer months.
|Number of mini golf courses at Linvilla||2||Linvilla’s official website|
|Price per round of mini golf||$7.95 for adults, $6.95 for children (ages 3-11)||Linvilla’s miniature golf page|
|Hours of operation for mini golf||9am-6pm, daily||Linvilla’s hours page|
Linvilla’s mini golf is a popular attraction located at Linvilla Orchards in Media, PA. The venue features two unique mini golf courses that are perfect for family outings and parties. With an admission fee of $7.95 for adults and $6.95 for children (ages 3-11), it’s an affordable way to enjoy an afternoon of fun. The mini golf courses are open from 9am-6pm, daily. To learn more about Linvilla’s mini golf, visit their official website.
|Number of mini golf courses||36||Travel + Leisure|
|Number of outdoor mini golf courses||25||Mental Floss|
|Average time to complete a round of mini golf||45 minutes||Travel + Leisure|
|Number of holes in Linvilla’s mini golf course||18||Linvilla.com|
The mini golf course at Linvilla Orchards is called The Fun Farm and is located in Media, Pennsylvania. This outdoor mini golf course has 18 holes and takes an average of 45 minutes to complete. With 36 mini golf courses around the world, including 25 outdoor ones, there are many options for miniature golf enthusiasts.
|Linvilla’s Mini Golf||137 West Knowlton Rd, Media, PA 19063||(610) 876-7116|
Events held at Linvilla’s Mini Golf can be enjoyed at its location on 137 West Knowlton Rd, Media, PA 19063. Those interested may contact the venue at (610) 876-7116 for more information.
|Delaware County, PA||Instagram, Google Maps||4.5 stars|
Linvilla’s mini golf is located in Delaware County, PA. The attraction has a rating of 4.5 stars on various media platforms such as Instagram and Google Maps.
|Location||Distance from Philadelphia||Number of Holes|
|Linvilla Orchards||22 miles||18|
Foodies in Philadelphia looking to enjoy a game of mini golf can head to Linvilla Orchards, located just 22 miles away. This family-owned and -operated farm has an 18-hole mini golf course surrounded by beautiful scenery. Visitors can also enjoy local produce, hayrides, pick-your-own produce, and seasonal events. With its search engine optimized online presence and enduring reputation for quality, Linvilla’s mini golf course is sure to provide a fun day out for all ages.
|Number of Holes||18|
|Features||Waterfalls, obstacles, and themed holes|
Pets and their owners looking for a fun activity in southeastern PA can visit Linvilla’s mini golf course. The course features 18 holes, complete with waterfalls, obstacles, and themed holes. It’s a perfect way for families and friends to spend an afternoon or evening together. Those interested in visiting Linvilla’s mini golf can find more information on their website or by calling the course directly.
|Location||Delaware County, PA|
|Distance from Philadelphia||30 minutes|
|Number of Holes||18|
|Course Difficulty||Easy to Moderate|
|Cost of Admission||$9 per person|
Accommodations offers an 18-hole mini golf course at Linvilla Orchards in Delaware County, PA. The course is easily accessible from Philadelphia, only a 30-minute drive away. It features a variety of easy to moderate holes that are suitable for all ages. Admission to the mini golf course is affordable, with a cost of only $9 per person. Plan a day trip to Linvilla Orchards and enjoy a round of mini golf along with other fun activities.
|Location||Number of Mini Golf Courses||Year Opened|
Linvilla’s mini golf courses are located in Linvilla, PA. The location boasts two mini golf courses that opened in 1996.
|Location Type||Number of Locations||Search Volume per Month|
Linvilla’s mini golf is a popular outdoor recreational activity that offers fun for the whole family. Located in Media, Pennsylvania, it is the only mini golf location offered by Linvilla Orchards. With a total of one location, visitors can enjoy a game of mini golf while surrounded by the beautiful scenery of the orchard. According to commonly accessible references, the search volume for mini golf in the United States is around 50 per month.
|Location||Distance from city center||Rating|
|Linvilla Orchards||18 miles||4.4/5|
Linvilla Orchards’ mini golf is located in Media, about 18 miles away from the city center. It boasts a 4.4 out of 5 rating and is a popular destination for families and friends.
|Location||Linvilla Orchards, Media, PA|
|Number of Mini Golf Courses||2|
|Number of Holes||18 per course|
|Price per Game (Adult)||$8.95|
|Price per Game (Child)||$6.95|
Linvilla Orchards, located in Media, PA, has two mini golf courses with 18 holes each. The price per game for adults is $8.95 and $6.95 for children. Guests can enjoy a round of mini golf while also picking their own produce and shopping in the farm market. Accessible to individuals with disabilities, Linvilla’s mini golf is a fun and family-friendly activity for all to enjoy.
|Number of mini-golf courses in the US||2,500+|
|Number of people employed in golf industry in the US||2 million+|
|Revenue generated by US golf industry||$84 billion+|
Jobs seekers interested in Linvilla’s mini-golf should head to Media, Pennsylvania. Linvilla Orchards, a popular family-owned farm, offers mini golf in addition to its orchard and farm market. With over 2,500 mini-golf courses in the US, the industry employs more than 2 million people and generates over $84 billion annually.


During the last several days, you have probably been hearing folks talk about what these cold temperatures will do to the wheat with the dry soil conditions. There are a couple of factors that affect winterkill in wheat. They are: how established the wheat plant is, the depth of the crown of the wheat plant, how long the cold temperatures last and how wet the soil is when it gets cold.
First, lets discuss the moisture of the soil. The greatest injury can occur when the soil is very dry. Dry soil warms up and cools down six times faster than moist soil. Loose seedbeds at seeding also dry out faster and hence cool down and warm up more rapidly, contributing to winter injury.
Now, if you look at the drought monitor for Kansas, the whole state is classified as at least abnormally dry. That is what northwest Kansas is; however, at least we have a bit of moisture that soaked in from the snow before Christmas. However, a pretty good chunk of southwest Kansas is labeled as moderate or severe drought. Their wheat may be more at risk because of the dry conditions. In addition to moisture, a layer of snow also provides insulation to the cold temperatures.
Second, lets discuss the growth stage of the wheat plant. Winter wheat plants with a good crown root system and two or more tillers can tolerate the cold temperatures better than less developed plants. Now, I wouldn’t say that we have great secondary root systems (roots that come off the crown area of the plant), but all in all they are not too bad.
Third, the depth of the crown is something that I have seen play a big role in wheat’s ability to survive the winter. Winter wheat seeded shallowly will have the crown closer to the soil surface and be much more susceptible to winter injury. Exposed crowns on terraces or slopes have a greater chance of suffering winter injury. Also, if you have wheat drilled into a thick mat of residue, the crown may be placed quite shallow. That is because the crown will begin to develop when the plant sees sunlight. If the plant has to grow through a thick layer of residue, the crown may end up being placed in that residue. Unfortunately, the residue doesn’t provide much protection to the crown of the plant from cold temperatures because of the air pockets and fluffy nature of it.
Finally, let’s discuss the duration of the cold temperatures. Right now, the wheat is at its maximum tolerance to the cold temperatures. The wheat freeze chart shows that injurious temperatures to wheat during the winter are -5 to -10 degrees. This is for the temperature at the crown of the wheat plant.
All in all, the smaller wheat with a less developed root system and shallow crown placement is the most susceptible to winter injury from the cold temperatures. Time and warmer temperatures will tell us how the wheat has responded to the cold temperatures. I have dug up some wheat and brought inside to see how it greens up and develops roots. I will let you know what I find out!
I have posted the wheat freeze chart on the K-State Sunflower District Agronomy website at www.sunflower. ksu.edu/agronomy. If you have any questions, please get ahold of me at the K-State Sunflower District Extension Offices in St. Francis, Sharon Springs or Goodland.
Colby, Kansas - The Board of Directors of Farm Credit of Western Kansas, ACA is pleased to announce the continuation of the Farm Credit Scholarship program. Each year Farm Credit chooses two High School Seniors to receive a $750 per year scholarship which is renewable for... [More]
Two Weeks Left for Registration to Premiere Soil Health Conference Just two weeks remain to register for the 22nd annual No-till on the Plains Winter Conference, the premier North American soil health conference. Online registration will close January 25th also marking... [More]
First of all, adults and children alike face several risks when they go online. Crimes and scams, such as sexual predation and identity theft, are everywhere. The National Council on Safety recommends the following tips to stay safe on the Internet. Take an active role in protecting... [More]
The Kansas Department of Agriculture, K-State Research and Extension and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment will host five regional workshops in February 2018 to assist farmers’ market vendors and managers. Kansas farmers’ markets not only provide... [More]
Callahan Grund has had an amazing season as a member of the Kansas State University Livestock Judging Team. This fall the team attended the Flint Hills Mid-America Classic in Hutchison, where the team brought home the Reserve Champion... [More]
Kansas is experiencing increased influenza cases in most regions of the state. Influenza surveillance conducted by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment indicates that flu infections are rising in Kansas. Specimens tested have been positive for both Influenza... [More]
Live from Branson, Missouri, join the stars of Forever Young as they bring you on a journey through the best eras of modern music. Featuring a talented troupe of singers and performers, this show is sure to dazzle and impress. Bringing back a nostalgic feel reminiscent of garage... [More]
Children have incredible imaginations and what better way to foster that imagination, than for them to write their own stories. We would like to invite you to join Smoky Hills Public Television as we encourage children in central and western... [More]
Smoky Hills Public Television’s Family Fun Day will return to Hays next month. This free event will be held at Big Creek Crossing February 10 from 10am to 1pm. During the event, children will be able to take a picture with Clifford. Parents are encouraged to bring a camera.... [More]
Thanks to all of the donors -- individuals, civic and other nonprofit groups, businesses, and nonresidents with ties to Wallace County -- the Wallace County Foundation will be able to capture the Dane G. Hansen Foundation $50,000 in matching funds for the endowment.... [More]
Pioneer Communications will provide over $14,000 in local scholarships to high school students in southwest Kansas communities. Six Earl B. Williams and Joseph B. Chilen Memorial Scholarships worth $1,500 each will be awarded to area seniors within Pioneer Communications’... [More]
The Fort Wallace Memorial Association is excited to launch a new venture for 2018! Our organization is starting a new “Fundraising Arm” of the original private non-profit called “The Guardians of the Fort Wallace Museum.” This new annual membership... [More]
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Are you ready to ring in the Christmas Season? Come join us in Wallace this Sunday at 5 pm MST for a special Candlelight Christmas service at the 1888 Bethany Lutheran Church! The traditional service with Swedish influence will be joined with the sounds of the men’s ac... [More]
One ongoing project undertaken this fall by the Fort Wallace Memorial Association is planning for a new home for the Rhea Pump Organ Collection. These 55-plus pump and reed organs were donated to the Fort Wallace Museum, but are currently in storage until a permanent home can... [More]
Even though the peak travel season is behind us, we are still having several visitors a day into the Museum! And there are several events planned for this winter! Make plans to join us at the Museum for a very special Christmas observance and party on Sunday, December 10 at... [More]
We here at the Fort Wallace Museum enjoyed a weekend of learning more about antique weaponry, as well as some delicious food and fellowship! Although noted expert Greg Higginbotham was unable to make the drive from Independence, Missouri, due to serious illness, the “show... [More]
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On September 1, 2013, China began to implement the new cotton standard GB1103-2012 "Cotton fine cotton" (hereinafter referred to as the new standard), and the 2013 cotton temporary storage and storage policy launched on September 9 was implemented in accordance with the new standard. According to the National Development and Reform Commission, the temporary cotton collection and storage scope for 2013 is: color grade white cotton grade 4 and above, light spot stained cotton grade 2 and above; length grade 27 mm and above; micronaire A, B and C grade C2 Gear; breaking ratio strength difference gear and above; length uniformity low gear and above; rolling mill quality mid-range and above. The cotton spread rate is implemented in accordance with the "Notice on Adjusting the" Cotton Quality Spread Table of China Cotton Association "issued by the China Cotton Association on August 30.
Cotton quality declines and rises
From the end of July to early August, rain continued to appear in most cotton producing areas, which reduced cotton production. However, recent interviews found that the fine weather in the middle and late August has improved the quality of cotton everywhere.
Due to the fine weather in Henan Province, the cotton planting in various producing areas speeded up. Zhengzhou, Xinxiang and other places picked 75-100 kg / mu of seed cotton. The quality of the seed cotton was mainly white cotton grades 2 and 3, with a small amount of lightly stained cotton grade 2. Henan Province suffered from floods this year, and some cotton fields suffered severe reductions in production. However, the weather improved in the later period, and the new cotton was white, velvety, and mature.
Cotton farmers in Sheyang, Jiangsu also generally reported that the weather continued to be hot and dry in late August this year. Although it had some adverse effects on the later growth of cotton, especially on raising the peach and achieving the autumn peach capping, it was very beneficial to Control of cotton growth. The microclimate in the field even promoted the cracking and flocculation of cotton bolls, and the moldy blackened rotten peaches were significantly less than in the previous year. Judging from the quality of cotton that has been picked at present, it completely meets the new standard white cotton level 4 level. As long as it is sorted slightly, some of them can still meet the requirements of white cotton level 3.
Due to the good quality of cotton and the reduction of cotton planting area, cotton farmers are unwilling to sell, and the price of cotton has increased. At present, the price in most regions is around 8.4 yuan / kg. Ma Junkai, deputy secretary-general of the Dezhou Cotton Association, said that the cotton collection and storage in Texas has begun. The price is 8.4 yuan / kg, which is about 0.15 yuan / kg higher than the same period of last year. They are mixed and the classification is not obvious. Regarding the cotton farmers' unfortunate sales, Ma Junkai has other views. He believes that this is also related to sales habits. "Cotton farmers usually pick up all the cotton and then sell it. It will be more troublesome to sell a portion of it, and some cotton farmers who need money will choose to ship it now."
Stricter quality requirements
Processing enterprises under pressure
As this year is the first year of the implementation of the new cotton standard, and the announcement issued by China Reserve Cotton Management Corporation stated that the current collection and storage rules will increase the deposit deposit from 300 yuan / ton to 500 yuan / ton, and clarify the company's Depositing cotton for life. The new year's collection and storage will be carried out in accordance with the increased color level in the new national standard. In particular, there are clear regulations on rolling mill quality, length uniformity, fracture ratio, and heterogeneous fibers. Textile companies generally believe that this collection and storage policy is formulated in accordance with all strict principles and in accordance with the new national standard. It will play a standard and guiding role for processing enterprises. The quality of reserved cotton is expected to improve this year.
At the same time, under the strict collection and storage standards and strict regulations on the enterprises that deliver and deposit, the current collection and storage are heavy and not heavy, which has really put a lot of pressure on cotton processing enterprises, making it more difficult for enterprises to deposit and deposit. A person in charge of a cotton processing enterprise in Hunan said that at present, the enterprise is more cautious in purchasing cotton, and strives to control the quality when collecting and storing, to prevent future cotton quality problems and loss of profits.
According to industry insiders, the cotton mills currently opening scales are trying to acquire, process and even submit inspections, and the willingness to seize resources is obvious, but the actual profit is not ideal. Last year cottons above level 4 were included in the scope of storage, but this year will be above 3.5 levels. Therefore, the quality problems that occurred during the storage and storage of last year are expected to be avoided this year.
In terms of reserve cotton repayment, this year's collection and storage will take a one-time payment method, and the deposit will be increased to 500 yuan / ton. This is bound to affect the overall acquisition and operation of the ginnery with insufficient funds as a whole. Some people in the industry believe that the probability of irrational phenomena such as large-scale rush sales will be greatly reduced, cotton enterprises will strictly control costs, and small enterprises may cooperate with large enterprises due to insufficient funds. In addition, Xinjiang's collection and storage will implement limited-time limited auctions based on the inspection volume of processing enterprises and the average daily acceptance capacity of the storage warehouse.
New national standard requirements are detailed
Cost of cotton is expected to fall
This year, the collection and storage standards will be implemented in accordance with the new cotton standards. This is a good thing for cotton companies. Its clear regulations on mill quality, length uniformity, break ratio, and heterogeneous fibers allow textile cotton companies to use it. A lot of trouble. During the interview, I learned that under the original cotton grading standard, the cotton used by textile companies usually has its own set of standards. No matter how the cotton is purchased, the company reassesses it according to its own standards. Purchasing is carried out according to the grade standards set by the state, and the cotton distribution uses self-defined standards that focus on physical indicators. The new cotton standard is refined to 4 color types and 13 color levels, which is very close to the company's own "cotton distribution standard", which makes the standards used by enterprises in procurement and cotton distribution consistent, which can completely resolve the use of cotton distribution in enterprises. The problem of non-uniformity with the purchase price, thereby reducing the inspection of cotton and reducing the cost of cotton.
Some analysts said, "This year is the first implementation of the new national cotton standard. Cotton inspection will be more detailed and strict. If human factors are excluded, the amount of cotton that meets the storage and storage standards will be less than last year. It is estimated that 5 million tons can be stored and stored. It accounts for about 80% of cotton production. "According to data, in 2012 China collected and stored 6.506 million tons of cotton, and the cotton output was calculated at 7 million tons. The input reserves accounted for 93% of cotton production. The market's cotton circulation in 2012 was very high. Less, and due to the implementation of the new cotton standards in 2013/2014, the collection and reserve will not be too large, the cotton circulating in the market will increase, for cotton companies to choose more.
At present, the domestic cotton market is dominated by sporadic collection and storage. The person in charge of an enterprise in Xinxiang said that there are three main concerns: First, the detailed rules for collection and storage require the company to be responsible for the quality of cotton for life, and the enterprise is under great pressure; second, the detailed rules for the collection and storage are acquired in accordance with the new national standard. The connection between inspection and public inspection is difficult to grasp. Third, there is no suspense in the reduction of seed cotton production this year, and the overcapacity of 400-type enterprises will cause the battle for resources to repeat. Enterprises are more worried about the prospect of acquisition. Industry insiders expect that most cotton companies will not start scale acquisitions until the end of September, a slight delay from last year.


Welcome back! We hope you had a lovely holiday.
This week, we have started learning about Life Cycles. There is a homework in your child’s bag linked to this topic.
The children have been working with Year Two to set up the incubator and add some chicken eggs. We have started our own chick books as we count down to hatching day. Very exciting stuff!
We have also planted some peas with the Year Five children and we have learned about how the plants will grow.
In Mathematics we have been finding out what we’re really good at and what we need to do some more work on when we get to Year One.


2 edition of Cytology of chlorophyll types of maize ... found in the catalog.
Cytology of chlorophyll types of maize ...
L. F. Randolph
Written in English
|Statement||by L.F. Randolph.|
|LC Classifications||QK725 .R3|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||1 p. l., p. 337-375. pl. XI-XVI.|
|Number of Pages||375|
|LC Control Number||22023536|
To adapt to different light intensities, photosynthetic organisms manipulate the flow of electrons through several alternative pathways at the thylakoid membrane. The enzyme ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase ([FNR]) has the potential to regulate this electron partitioning because it is integral to most of these electron cascades and can associate with several different membrane Supply of to msmallcap˜M CdCl2 to greening maize leaf segments, either in the absence or in the presence of inorganic N reduced total chlorophyll content. During a time course study, there was no appreciable effect of Cd up to 4 h, but thereafter it inhibited chlorophyll synthesis. While glycine, succinate, glutamate, 2-oxoglutarate, MgCl2, cysteine, dithiothreitol and
In the Z. mays ‘fs′ mutant, the inhibition of the chlorophyll degradation pathway led to the occurrence of the stay-green phenomenon in maize, which promoted the increase of maize yield due to its high photosynthesis. If the process of chlorophyll degradation is accelerated, leaf Morphology is the branch of science that deals with the study of structure, features, and form of organisms. The structural diversity of flowering plants (Angiosperms) always fascinates us but even with their structural diversity, they have some common ://
Definition noun, plural: chlorophylls The green pigment found in the chloroplasts of higher plants and in cells of photosynthetic microorganisms (e.g. photosynthetic bacteria), which is primarily involved in absorbing light energy for photosynthesis. Supplement The chlorophyll best absorbs light in the blue and red while poor in the green portion of the electromagnetic :// This model was tested using radiometric data taken 6 m above the top of the canopy and Landsat and MODIS satellites data for GPP estimation in both maize and soybean, crop types that differ in leaf structure and canopy architecture, under different crop management and climatic ://
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Application of an interactive computer model to analyze the distribution of U.S. Navy warfare specialists among generalist billets
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CYTOLOGY OF CHLOROPHYLL TYPES OF MAIZE L. RANDOLPH (WITH PLATES XI-XVI) Introduction During recent years there have been discovered a number of instances of chlorophyll inheritance which are characterized by features due to unusual modes of chlorophyll distribution and behavior.
These phenomena are obviously of interest both to the 1. All the chlorophyll types examined were found to contain the same initial cell structure, minute "proplastids" of the same size and general appearance being present in every type.
In normal green plants the proplastid first appears in the cell as a minute granule at the limit of visibility, gradually enlarging and developing chlorophyll until it becomes a mature :// chloroplasts as well as different plasmatically inherited chlorophyll deficiencies.
It is the aim of the present paper to summarize the facts of the submicroscopic cytology of plastids so far obtained as regards their bearing on the genetics of plastids. The discussion will be BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE5 Associates with Immune Receptors and Is Required for Immune Anderson, E.
G., —The inheritance of salmon silk color in l Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. – Google Scholar Chapter 1 - Introduction Types of maize. Maize, the American Indian word for corn, means literally "that which sustains life". It is, after wheat and rice, the most important cereal grain in the world, providing nutrients for humans and animals and serving as a basic raw material for the production of starch, oil and protein, alcoholic beverages, food sweeteners and, more recently, Acclimation to CO2 enrichment was studied in maize plants grown to maturity in either or microl l-1 CO2.
Plants grown with CO2 enrichment were significantly taller than those grown at microl l-1 CO2 but they had the same number of leaves. High CO2 concentration led to a marked decrease in whole leaf chlorophyll and :// differing environments to ﬁ nd types that give the best agronomic performance over a range of geographical locations and years.
Corn is grown from sea-level to altitudes of more t feet and from the equator to about 50° north and south latitudes. Compared to environmen-tal conditions of the U.S. Corn Belt, many Book November withReads How we measure 'reads' A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a Chloroplasts of maize (Zea mays) leaves differentiate into specific bundle sheath (BS) and mesophyll (M) types to accommodate C4 photosynthesis.
Consequences for other plastid functions are not well understood but are addressed here through a quantitative comparative proteome analysis of purified M and BS chloroplast stroma.
Three independent techniques were used, including cleavable stable P.F. Fransz & J.H.N. Schel: Response of two genotypically different maize strains in vitro: comparative cytology P.R. van Hasselt: Possibilities of using chlorophyll fluorescence as a rapid non destructive screening method for cold tolerance Y.
Hebert: Genetic variability in the rate of leaf appearance in maize during the The chlorophyll cycle is a metabolic pathway in plants and green algae that interconverts chlorophyll a and chlorophyll chlorophyll a-to-b conversion is catalyzed by a Rieske-type oxygenase, chlorophyll(ide) a oxygenase, while the chlorophyll b-to-a conversion is catalyzed in two steps by chlorophyll b reductase (a short-chain dehydrogenase) and 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a Cytology of Chlorophyll Types of Maize.
Vol Page Variations in Cytology and Gross Morphology of Taraxacum. Senescence, Rejuvenescence, and Leaf Variation in Taraxacum. Vol Page If you are generating a PDF of a journal article or book chapter, please feel free to enter the title and author information.
Chlorophyll fluorescence yield in vivo under normal physiological conditions is mostly a function of two types of fluorescence quenching, photochemical and non-photochemical (2).It was shown that contribution of photochemical and non-photochemical quenching to the total fluorescence quenching in the leaves tended to vary during drought and was 1.
Mol Genet Genomics. Aug;(4) doi: /s Epub Mar 1. Expression and functional analysis of genes encoding cytokinin receptor-like histidine kinase in maize The stay-green leaf phenotype is typically associated with increased yields and improved stress resistance in maize breeding, due to higher nitrogen (N) nutrient levels that prolong greenness.
The application of N fertilizer can regulate the N status of plants, and furthermore, impact the photosynthetic rates of leaves at the productive stage; however, N deficiencies and N excesses will reduce With respect to retardation of plant growth, mottling of seedlings, partial sterility and production of sectors with deformed leaves and chlorophyll deficiency, plants grown from the most heavily irradiated seed samples from the Bikini test (cf.
Plant Breeding Abstracts, Vol. XVIII, Abst. ) were comparable to those grown from seed exposed to X ray doses of 15, :// It is shown that the BS chloroplasts have ~2-fold higher chlorophyll a/b ratio than M chloroplasts, and respectively.
The PSI apoprotein (68 kDa) was more abundant in BS than in M thylakoids. Polypeptides belonging to PSII core antenna, are in similar amounts in both types of membranes, but the 45kDa band is more intensive in M R A N D O ~ ~ H, L. Cytology of chlorophyll types of maize.
Bot. Gaz. The preference of the cytology of chromosomes is due partly to the eminent role they play in mendelian Chlorophyll stability in spinach dehydrated by freeze-drying and controlled low-temperature vacuum dehydration. Food Research International34 (), DOI: /S(00). Maize has been a longstanding model for meiotic studies, and continues to show its outstanding characteristics as a model for plant cytology.
Olivier Hamant (University of California, Berkeley) reported progress in understanding sister chromatid cohesion, a critical step in nuclear The PAO/phyllobilin pathway of chlorophyll breakdown in leaves.
(A) Reactions of the first part of the pathway from chlorophyll to hydroxy-pFCC that take place inside the e rings are labelled A–D and relevant atoms are indicated in a porphyrin (chlorophyll a) and a phyllobilin (pFCC).(B) pFCC/hydroxy–pFCC-modifying reactions of the second part of the pathway that take An Egyptian inbred line of maize (Zea mays L.) “K1” was used in this study which was developed by the plant breeding group, Genetic and Cytology Department, Na-tional Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
The inbred “K1” is one of four Egyptian maize inbred lines (Zea mays L.) that were studied to identify heat shock proteins under


The use of genetic engineered organisms for pollution abatement
Phytoextraction is the use of plant to take up metal contaminants from soil through the absorption by plant roots. The metal absorbed are stored or accumulated in the aerial portions of the plants (Stems & Leaves). Plants intended for this application are called hyper accumulators. These species of plants have high tolerance to heavy metals and are capable of absorbing larger amount of metal in comparison to other plants. Today, researchers are developing genetically engineered hyper accumulators that have a higher metal accumulation and tolerance capacity.
After the plants are allowed to absorb the contaminants for some time, they are harvested to either be disposed by incineration or be composted to recycle metals. Although plants that were incinerated will be disposed off in a hazardous waste landfill, the volume of the plant ash generated will be below 10% of the volume that would be produce if contaminated soil were excavated for treatment.
The plants take up the contaminant through the system of roots and store them in the roots or transport them up into the stems and leaves. The plants will carry on absorbing contaminants until it is being harvested. After the harvest, the soil will contain a lower concentration of contaminant. As such, this growth and harvest cycle is usually repeated for a number of times to achieve a considerable clean up. After the process, the remediated soil can be put into other beneficial uses.
Gene to improve Phytoextraction
A problem in the use of phytoaccumulator is that they do not have enough biomass and growth rate to be applied in large scale practices. To resolve this problem, phytoextraction can be further improve by transfer of genetic traits from hyper accumulator into plants that has high biomass and growth rate. In this way, plants with high biomass and growth rate will also have the ability to take up high quantity of metals.
For example, Poplar and willow do not accumulate metals to high concentration. However, they are still effective remediators because of their deep root system and biomass. Hence, they became excellent candidate to be genetically engineered to have traits of hyper-accumulators.
Metals accumulated poses significant risk to consumers of plants. As such, plants capable of producing substances that deter or discourage herbivores from feeding them can be transformed to have improved metal tolerance and capabilities. With such a system in place, it will help prevent the transfer of metals to food chain.
Transfer of gene extracted from bacteria or animals into plants systems are attempts to improve the potential of remediation. Some bacteria have the genetic characteristic to detoxify toxic elements. Today, the transfer of such genes into plants had already produced promising results.
For instances, no plants have been shown to be able tolerate some elements such as mercury or lead. This can possibly be changed by transferring genes from bacteria that has the ability to detoxify these metals (mercury & lead) into plants. With the transfer of the expressing gene, plants can be genetically altered to be used clean up these metals which were once seemed to be impossible.
The use of transgenic plants also addresses the problem of mix contamination that is happening in a polluted site. Methods which involve introducing several genes at once into plants have help in the removal of complex and mixed pollutants.


There are many places where you can obtain ample horticulture information. You could use all of your time to find useful gardening information, but then you wouldn’t get much horticulture done. This article gathers all the best tips into one place so you don’t have to do so much searching. Continue reading!
Having bees in your garden can really help it to thrive because they will pollinate your fruits and vegetables for you. However, certain bee varieties, such as carpenter bees, can be harmful because they create their hives by burrowing into wood structures. That said, the majority of bees are crucial to your garden. Learn how to recognize the good from the bad so that you can let the good do its job.
When you plan your garden, pick the vegetables your family uses the most and plant those. By planting vegetables like these, you can save money on your food expenses each month. It will be a waste to grow vegetables that nobody will eat, especially if there is not a lot of gardening room to start with.
When you plant a seed, take your time. A key first step is to add moisture to your soil. Next, you should evenly distribute the seeds ensuring that each one has enough room to grow. The seeds should be planted at least 3 times deeper than the seed’s depth. Some seeds you do not want to bury because they require light in order to grow.
Water is very important to having a healthy garden. Water is the main element of life for all life forms. On very hot days, the sun can dry out the soil, and it is important that no one forgets to water the garden thoroughly. A good garden can be turned into an amazing garden thanks to better watering habits.
Don’t bother with expensive chemicals if your plants start to sport powdery mildew. The best solution is mixing baking soda, a drop of liquid dish detergent and water together in a spray bottle. Spray this mix on your plants every week and the mildew should go away. Baking soda will bring no damage to your plants, and will treat the mildew in a gentle and efficient manner.
If you have a vegetable garden, it can be quite difficult to decide what to do about pest control. Since your vegetables are meant to be eaten, refrain from spraying them with harsh chemicals. Remain alert in order to control garden pests. If you catch the pests early, the best removal technique is just to take them off your plants by hand.
When landscaping and horticulture in autumn, choose plants and trees with vibrant colors. That doesn’t have to be way it is though! the most colorful foliage appears in the fall. There are many variations in leaf color with different varieties of Maple, Beech and Dogwood trees that can give you lively yellows and deep crimsons. Some very good shrubs to choose are barberry, hydrangea, and cotoneaster, which is a member of the rose family.
There are many houseplants that need to be re-potted, but some prefer to stay in their existing pot. To see whether a plant needs more growing room, first remove it from its pot by turning it upside down and gently sliding it loose. If you can only see almost all roots, you need to find a new pot for this plant. But if you see few or no roots, the plant can remain in its current pot.
If you can’t wait for a cut to heal before digging in the dirt, then at least protect your cuts from exposure. A cut could get infected if it gets in contact with grime and dirt in the garden. Now, there are bandages available that will cover and seal the injured area completely, allowing you to continue your gardening projects.
Cover any wall or fence with climbers. You can hide an unsightly wall or fence, in as little as one growing season, with the right selection of climbing plant. They can be trained to grow over an arbor, or through trees and shrubs that are already in the garden. Some of these plants must have support, and some can attach themselves to something using their stems and tendrils. A few good choices are climbing roses, wisteria, jasmine, honeysuckle and clematis.
One way to correct your soil’s alkalinity is by amending your soil with used coffee grounds. This is a simple way to replenish your soil with acid. This will allow your vegetables and greenery to really thrive.
Putting plant materials in large plastic bags, preferably garbage bags, is a simple way to stock these materials for a compost pile. A good time to collect compost is in fall after the leaves are raked from your yard. Bag the leaves, then store them in a warm location. Come spring time, you will be ready to compost the leaves, which creates ready-made soil.
Make sure air can circulate around your plants, and keep leaves moisture-free. Parasites and pests are attracted to excess moisture on the plants. One common organism that thrives on moisture is the fungi family. Fungicide sprays can deal with fungal infestations, but they are most effective if you apply them before a fungus problem becomes noticeable.
Prevent damage from the sun by making sure you dress correctly whenever you go outside to garden. Clothing should keep your skin covered, and don’t forget to wear a hat, sunglasses and sunscreen. Wearing sun protection will prevent your skin from burning and by extension will reduce your risk of developing skin cancer.
Gardening can be an extremely rewarding activity. As you develop your passion for your garden, you will find yourself seeking out articles and tips about improving your results. Always remember to listen to great advice. Try using these tips so you can get a better horticulture experience!


We’ve often thought that the perfect chips should be not only crunchy and good tasting, but also as guilt free as the apples in our orchard.
The Martins’ farming roots are deep, going all the way back to 1820. With a promise to Mother Nature that the fertile lands she placed in our hands would be tended forever with care and passion, Martin’s orchard has grown from a hundred trees in 1971 to more than half a million trees on over 700 acres today. Here in our orchards, at the heart of Ontario’s beautiful countryside, we bring our passion to growing the most flavourful, richly colourful and extra-crisp apples you’ll find anywhere.
Martin’s Crispy Apple Chips are a treat on their own, but even better as a crunchy complement to anything from a full meal to a snappy snack or a delicious dessert. View some great food ideas here.


How to Get Rid of Spider Mites Effectively and Naturally
Get rid of spider mites naturally without killing useful insects is really needs preventative work, manage garden carefully and killing bugs with natural ways. Spider mites are one of arachnid family members such as scorpions, spiders and ticks. Spider mites web is cover in undersides of leaves.
How to Get Rid of Spider Mites
Commonly, size of spider mites is not more than 1 per 20 inch and needs a enlarge glass to identify that pests clearly. So, there are simple ways to remove this pest and webs from plant’s leaves.
1. Spray Water to Spider Mites
Spraying for underside of leaves with the strong water stream can control the small spider mites infestations.
After you have knocked off spider mites from the plant, so the larvae and adult of spider mites will die if they are unable to feed the plant’s juices. In midsummer, spray your plants and trees with water regularly to get rid of spider mites webs and reduce the population of spider mites.
Spider mites can evolve in dusty, dry and hot conditions due to no water in the plants. So, provide your plants enough water regularly to discourage the pests. The most plants in your garden are needs one inch of water per week for every yard of soil and same as six gallons of waters.
2. Predators for Spider Mites
Control spider mites by natural methods from your garden without pesticides may encourage the predators on feeding the tiny pests. Get rid of spider mites from your plant with insecticides can kill some useful bugs as other pests.
Increase the humidity in your garden with watering regularly to help few predators like western predatory mite, green lacewing larvae, sixspotted thrips, and spider mite destroyer lady beetle.
Reduce the spider mites population by releasing ladybugs and western predatory mites in your garden. Those predators may move to search if there are not enough pests to feed.
The natural pesticides can kill the spider mites on contact if releasing predatory bugs is not helpful.
3. Spray Neem Oil to Spider Mites
Get rid of spider mites and kill pests by spraying neem oil to the infested leaves until the webs and spider mites soaked. Use neem oil spray regularly so that the pests are gone.
If the temperatures are more than 90 degrees Fahrenheit, do not use neem oil to your plants. Avoid applying neem oil when temperatures are above 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
Neem oil contains 100% organic ingredients and neem seeds that can be applied until the harvest day to your fruits and vegetables to kill spider mites.
4. Spray Spinosad to Spider Mites
Spinosad is contains natural soil bacterium. Mix concentrate of spinosad with water, and spray it to the top and bottom of leaves until the spider mites and webs are soaked as well. You get rid of spider mites with spinosad for until that webs and spider mites go away for every 7 to 10 days.
5. Remove Fallen Leaves and Old Mulch
You can remove the old mulch and fallen leaves to avoid spider mites infestations from trees, shrubs and under perennials. The female of spider mites with their eggs may overwinter in mulch, litter, shrub bark and in the crevices of tree.
However, the simplest way to remove spider mites is monitoring your plants and sprays enough water regularly. Before hot summer months, apply natural pesticides for the first webs appear to reduce spider mite population explodes.
We hope this tutorial “How to get of spider mites naturally” useful to prevent your plants from pest infestitation. Please comment and share your experiences for methods that work to remove spider mites.
You may read also on How to get rid of woodpeckers


5 edition of Determination of crop water requirement of major crops under shallow water-table conditions found in the catalog.
Determination of crop water requirement of major crops under shallow water-table conditions
Muhammad Akram Kahlown
Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41).
|Statement||Muhammad Akram Kahlown ... [et al.]|
|Series||Research report -- 2-2003|
|Contributions||Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources.|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||vii, 41 p. :|
|Number of Pages||41|
|LC Control Number||2006333694|
Determination of the Elements of Soil Water Balance for Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Under Shallow Water Table. Salloom B. Salim 1, Luma S. Khudhair 2. 1 Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq. 2 Extension Specialists, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq. Email address. The crop water need always refers to a crop grown under optimal conditions, i.e. a uniform crop, actively growing, completely shading the ground, free of diseases, and with favourable soil conditions (including fertility and water). The crop thus reaches its full production potential under the given environment. The crop water need mainly.
Estimated Water Requirements of Vegetable Crops Frank J. Dainello, Extension Horticulturist Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University CROP INCHES /A CRITICAL NEED STAGE Asparagus 10 - 18 establishment and fern development Bean, green 10 - 15 bloom and pod set Bean, pinto 15 - 20 bloom and pod set File Size: 54KB. In summary, shallow water tables may significantly contribute to the total water demand of the crop, thereby reducing irrigation water requirements and drainage losses. However, if shallow water tables are to be used as a long-term strategy, the associated increase in soil salinity requires .
Irrigation requirement of crops depends upon the total amount of water used by the plant in transpiration (building of plant tissues, etc.) and evaporation from adjacent soils or from plant leaves, in any specified time. Consumptive use may be different for different crops and may be different for the same crop at different times and places. water use. Ultimately, this crop water use information comes from field measurements, and data have been used to develop models capable of simulating crop water use. Being dependent on climatic parameters, crop water use, or crop evapotranspiration (ETc), is best presented as a function of reference evapotranspiration (ETo).File Size: 2MB.
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Groundwater resources. In the areas with shallow water-table (generally less than 3 m), crop yield can be enhanced and the amount of irrigation applied can be reduced significantly.
Under very shallow watertable conditions ( m depth), wheat extracted almost all its required water fromFile Size: 1MB. Abstract A study was carried out to determine the water requirement of main crops in the perumal tank irrigation command area in Cuddalore district.
The main crops include rice, groundnut, and sugarcane. The crop water requirements were determined using 15 year climatic data using CROPWAT Crop coefficients ranged from to It may be concluded that all the major crops yields and water use efficiency was optimal at a water-table depth of m.
It is defined as, "The quantity of water required by a crop in a given period of time for normal growth under field conditions.". It includes evaporation and other unavoidable wastes. Usually water requirement for crop is expressed in water depth per unit area.
IRRIGATION WATER NEED. of 50% of the crop water requirement from shallow groundwater had reasonable groundwater salinity (4 to 6 dS/m) relative to the crop salt tolerance, were deeper rooted, and were subject to low irrigation frequency of less than once per Size: 1MB. Total water requirement • it is common practice to only determine the total amount of water which the crop requires over the whole growing season.
As explained in sectionthe crop water requirement for a given crop is calculated according to the formula: • ETcrop= Kcx EToSince the values for EToare. The crop water requirement always refers to a crop grown under optimal conditions, i.e.
a uniform crop, actively growing, completely shading the ground, free of diseases, and favorable soil conditions (including fertility and water). The CWR mainly depends on the climate, the crop type and the growth stage of the crops.
Under dry climate water table contribution to crop evapotranspiration may reduce or even completely eliminate irrigation requirements without compromising on crop yields (Pratharpar and Qureshi ; Nosetto et al., ). Shallow water table may have negative effects on crops also.
If water table is too shallow, crop yield. Water requirements of crops 1. Water Requirements of Crop 2. Functions of Irrigation Water Soil furnishes the following for the plant life: 1. To supply water partially or totally for crop need 2. To cool both the soil and the plant 3. Provides water for.
2. Excessive seepage into the ground raises the water-table and this in turn completely saturates the crop root-zone. It causes waterlogging of that area.
It lowers the temperature and makes the locality damp due to the presence of irrigation water. Under irrigation canal system valuable residential and industrial land is lost. Amount of water required by a crop in its whole production period is called water requiremrnt.
The amont of water taken by crops vary cosiderably. Water Requirement (mm) Water Requirement (mm) Your rating: None. Login to post comments. Please note that this is the opinion of the author and is Not Certified by ICAR or any of its authorised agents.
11/5/ 2 CROPWAT IS A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPED BY FAO, HAVING AS MAIN FUNCTIONS: to calculate: reference evapotranspiration, crop water requirements, crop irrigation requirements; to develop: irrigation schedules under various management conditions, scheme water File Size: 1MB.
The effect of the crop characteristics on crop water requirements is given by the crop co- efficient (kc) which presents the between reference (ETo) and crop evapotrans- piration (ETcrop) or.
The determination of crop coefficients (species factor) and evapotranspiration are important for estimating irrigation water requirements in order to have better irrigation scheduling and water management (Mostafazadeh-Fard et al., ).
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a crop which grows well in regions with a cool climate. Chapter 4 Water Requirements Part Irrigation Guide (vi-NEHIG Amend. NJ1, 06/) NJ NJ Water Requirements (a) Crop Evapotranspiration, ETc Plants must have a continuous supply of readily available moisture in order to maintain rapid, vigorous growth.
The moisture used byFile Size: KB. The calculation of crop water requirements by means of the two methods described in this section is relatively simple. The basic formula for the calculation reads as follows: ETcrop = kc x Eto.
where: ETcrop = the water requirement of a given crop in mm per unit of time e.g. mm/day, mm/month or mm/season. kc = the "crop factor".
The crop water need (ET crop) is defined as the amount (or depth) of water needed to meet the water loss through evapotranspiration The crop water need mainly depends on The climate The crop type The growth stage of cropFile Size: KB.
Crop water requirements (CWR) are defined as the depth of water [mm] needed to meet the water consumed through evapotranspiration (ETc) by a disease-free crop, growing in large fields under non-restricting soil conditions including soil water and fertility, and achieving full production potential under the given growing environment.
conditions or deficit irrigation (FAO ). Water use requirement for same crop varies under different weather conditions. To achieve effective planning on water resources, accurate information is needed for crop water requirements, irrigation withdrawal as a function of crop, soil type and weather conditions.
The present study evaluates firstly the ability of the FAO methodology, based on the two-step approach “reference evapotranspiration (ET0)—crop coefficient (K c),” to accurately determine the actual evapotranspiration (ET) of irrigated crops and proposes, secondly, the alternative approaches for improving this determination.
The FAO methodology is supported by two hypotheses: (1 Cited by:. Abstract. Reference ET (ET 0) is defined as the ET of short grass with full soil cover, and an unlimited supply of water and the absence of water deficit, the ET of any crop may be calculated as the product K c x ET 0, where K c is the crop coefficient, which depends on crop related factors (leaf area, roughness) and ET 0, the reference ET (grass), which is a function of climatic Author: Francisco J.
Villalobos, Luca Testi, Elias Fereres.Water Use Efficiency, Scheduling, Water Requirement, Climate Model 1. Introduction Water is the major limiting factor for crop diversification and production.
More than 80% of water resources have been exploited for agricultural irrigation.  How to cite this paper: Beshir, S. () Review on Estimation of Crop Water Re-File Size: KB.treatments imposed were T1, application of % crop water requirement, T2, was 80%, T3 60% and T4 40 % of crop water requirement.
It was determined that pepper requires about mm of water over the growth season. The crop coefficient under full water supply was found to be:, and for initial, development, mid-season and the.


Sowing Seeds in the Desert: Natural Farming, Global Restoration, and Ultimate Food Security
by Masanobu Fukuoka (2012)
A powerful account! Masanobu Fukuoka makes the case for returning towards a more natural means of growing our food and embracing sustainability. A pioneer in the return to regenerative agriculture through permaculture and sustainable farming methods, Masanobu Fukuoka later gained international recognition through his book, the One Straw Revolution.
I first learned about him from my amazing Japanese host family during my organic farming experience in Kyushu. One Straw Revolution had certainly made its mark on the organic farming community there, and I wanted to learn more about its author. That’s how I came to discover Sowing Seeds in The Desert.
Combing The Desert
Masanobu offers an alternative path to feeding the world. Although it’s become relatively easy to believe that we need a bunch of artificial chemicals to support the global population, nature proves otherwise. We can feed humanity without the use of harmful fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides.
This book provides readers with a consideration of the philosophy and understanding behind the natural agriculture transition. It’s also an account of some of Masanobu’s travels, concluding with some practical advice on adopting the natural farming approach.
For more on the author, below is an excellent 3-part series that supplies more insight & understanding of Masanobu Fukuoka and his teachings.
Masanobu Fukuoka (Natural Mind) – Larry Korn Interview
We encourage our readers to borrow books when they can, but if you choose to purchase a copy, click here to order via Amazon, and support this blog in the process.


Bio Picual Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Super Premium Varietal Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Excellent estate produced Picual from the Aguilar mill in Southern Spain. Thanks to its early harvest, this oil has a beautiful, intense, herbal, and floral aroma typical of the variety. The overall intensity is medium-robust as it is bursting with spicy herbal flavors of grass, green banana, mint, black pepper, and many other subtle characteristics – making it very complex. This green oil’s harmony is perfect, and its freshness and aromas abound!
Conservation: Cool, dry conditions, away from direct sunlight & heat
Polyphenol count: 518 ppm
Country of origin: Spain
Crush date: October 2023


Maybe a bit of an odd post but felt like I should post it seen as though we started the journey on here...
Way back in March, yes 7 whole months ago, we planted some sunflower seeds in pots and posted about it HERE.
We planted a lot and gave many of them away as gifts for easter.
We excitedly watched as one by one they started to sprout up through the soil and when they were big enough and the weather was warmer we lovingly changed them to bigger pots or put them straight into the flower beds, picking out nice sunny spots for them.
We watched as one by one the ones planted in the ground withered away.
We asked friends and family who had received them as gifts how they were doing, to hear sad news they weren't doing so well.
We still held out hope for the two we had in pots though....
They grew a little, and they grew some more. Soon they were really quite tall.
Until the bad weather hit.
It destroyed them. The pots were blown everywhere and the lack of any sunshine meant they quickly turned brown.
We were sad for a day, and then quickly forgot about our poor dead sunflowers still sat outside in pots.
How they have flowered in OCTOBER when it is so cold out, 7 months after they were first planted and 2 months since they seeminly died, I will never know. Maybe the autumnal sunshine we have had has revived them?
All I know is, they added a bit of brightness and fun to our day today. We did smile when we saw them :-)


Monson has been churning away and amassing a stockpile of barrel aged creations that will emerge sporadically as they mature from a lengthy slumber. Charlton – internally known as the juice machine – our highly capable, state of the art, environmentally supportive facility has been making our acclaimed beer better than ever and at scale for more people than ever to enjoy. In 2019 we are adding the third vertex to complete the Tree House Triangle: Tree House Orchard & Farm Fermentory! Tree House now owns and operates a one hundred acre working farm, ripe with over sixty acres of agriculturally prime soil, grazing pasture for grass fed cattle, an existing produce and flower program, an appreciable number of heirloom apple trees, and vast expanses of land to be cultivated and planted for many years to come.
Our dear friend, colleague, and longtime heirloom farmer, Eric Nelson, will lead the produce end of the farm along with an experienced team beginning this spring. Farming is a lifelong endeavor for Eric, and he is embarking on this project with a passion, vigor, and understanding that is both inspiring and hard to come by. He has a particular affinity for long lost and rarely grown heirloom varieties that are uniquely beautiful and delicious.
Sign-ups for our Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program at the farm, first for existing members and second for newly interested members, will begin soon. In the first year, we will be offering a full share, a half share, a flower share, a mushroom share, and a winter share, should you be interested in enjoying the literal fruit of our efforts. Information on farm stand produce sales and hours will also be forthcoming.
A significant portion of the farm will be set aside for a long term orchard project and planted with fruit bearing bushes and trees, including, but not limited to apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, gooseberries, jostaberries, black currants, and more to service both fresh farm stand sales and our eclectic fermentation program. In addition to pursuing a barrel room for the fermentation, conditioning, and fruiting of various beverages, we will be pressing fresh cider to be set aside for fermentation and for fresh unpasteurized consumption this fall in an exquisitely maintained, 1898 Boomer and Boschert manual apple press, one of the few of its kind and beauty remaining in the world from an era long gone by.
The Tree House Orchard & Farm Fermentory will give our passionate and experienced caretakers the opportunity to carry the legacy of an exceptional, long-working farm well into the future with the intent to protect & preserve the land – and pay homage to its long legacy through careful stewardship – while supplying our native fermentation related efforts with fresh, estate fruit grown full of character and irreplicable terroir long into the future.
Tree House is a deeply personal endeavor and a true labor of love; one that enables us to learn and grow both as craftspeople and responsible inhabitants of our great planet. As we mature and evolve, hands on projects of lust and passion will be at the forefront of what we do – a means to continue to pursue our interests, broaden our horizons, and create something of taste, elegance, intrigue, and refinement, to be enjoyed and celebrated; contemplated and proudly imbibed…and to serve as a means for meaningful reflection and an enjoyable companion to jovial, life affirming celebrations. We are obsessed with creating irreplicable taste experiences of significance and authenticity, with a genuine connection to our long and storied agrarian lineage. Tree House Orchard & Farm Fermentory will allow us to do so with more vigor, focus, and inspiration than ever before. We can feel this in our bones. We are so, so excited to share it with you.
*Above is a Repost of Tree House Brewing Blog (pictures copyright of Tree House Brewing)
Tree House Brewing Company brews a vast array of ales. Our offerings vary based on the season, our moods, and innovations discovered in the midst of day in and day out brewing. Our artisan brewery knows no bounds and we are driven by an intense curiosity of ingredients and how they blend together to create something special.


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Corn gluten meal
Corn gluten meal is a kind of secondary product produced through the process that the corn kernel is used to produce starch in food industry or purified in wine industry. It is with abundant protein nutritional ingredient and special flavor, color and luster and can be used as feed. Compared with common used fish meal and bean cake in feed industry, it is with remarkable resource superiority, high feeding value, no toxic and harmful substance, no need for retreatment and can be directly used as protein raw materials.
Taking corn gluten meal as concentrated feed can make the protein can’t be digested by rumen preferably digested and assimilated in small intestine.
The protein content of corn gluten meal is directly related to the apparent digestive energy of swine. The proportion between energy and protein is in favorable conditions or the material with balance essential amino-acid and non-essential amino acid has high energy digestive rate.
The corn gluten meal based laying hen mixed feed can improve about 15% of laying rate. It can prevent and cure chicken osteomalacia and other disease, act effect of health caring and growth promoting. It’s in favour of improving the quality of egg protein.
4、Pigmentation of broiler chicken
Even though the pigmentation degree of chicken skin has nothing to do with nutritive value, while it is affected by the traditional culture, common customers and feeders still take it as one of critical measuring indicator for quality of broiler product so that it directly affects price and demand of broiler chicken market.
Broiler chicken can’t form lutein in itself body and can only absorb it from feed. In order to achieve desired skin colour, in general, add Carophyll Red, Carophyll Yellow and other chemical synthetic colorant. These colorants increase feed cost and residue in body of beasts and birds. The lutein content of corn gluten meal is up to 90－180mg/kg which is 5 times of yellow maize ad can be effectively absorbed. It can make the egg in golden yellow and make the chicken skin in yellow. Since the price of corn gluten meal is close to the bean cake, the corn gluten meal added with arsanilic acid can replace the chemical synthetic colorant to improve the pigmentation degree of broiler chicken.


Drip watering tapes (starting)
Drip watering is very handy and economic compared with other types of watering.
It can be used both manually or with automatic cotrols which allow programming the watering for a whole year taking into account rain and frosts.
The basic element of the watering system is the drip tube which is a hose or tape with holes.
There are a variety of shapes and sizes of tapes for drip watering, but all of them are used in the same way. The tube which is made of stabilised polyethylene is laid on the ground along the plant rows and feeds water through the droppers. It uses a small pressure with natural drip and a large pressure for micro-stream.
MANFOL OFFERS YOU TAPES FOR DRIP WATERING WITH THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS:Material – polyethylene
Diameter – at the request of the customer
Thickness – at the request of the customer
Length – at the request of the customer
Date of life – up to three years.
Tapes for drip watering are more economical compared with other hoses as the water goes to the roots immediately providing qualitywatering. Drip watering helps to reduce water usage amd cost by 3 to 4 times whilst at the same time doubling the effectiveness of the watering.
The material which is used to produce the tapes or hoses for drip watering is absolutely non-toxic and is continuously reusable taking care of the environment.
With the help of our tapes you will be able to have quality watering whilst saving time and money. Our product facilitates taking care of plants and helps to have a high quality harvest.
Currently available only in Armenia.


One of every three fish consumed in Europe today is a product of Turkish farming. As İmex Gıda Family, we produce sea bream and sea bass in high capacity for 12 months with our sea bass farming facilities in Antalya and İzmir and bring them together with our customers all over the world.
In our farms, our fish are monitored 24/7 with the latest technology feeding and automation systems. In addition, depending on the principles of sustainability and respect for nature, fish, water and environmental analyzes are continuously carried out in our farms. In particular, depending on the principle of respect for the environment, İmex Gıda Family carries out all farm operations with great care in order to keep the seas, which are the source of livelihood, clean.
Our Antalya and Izmir farms also have Global GAP certification and their production processes are followed at world standards.


Spanish architects designed floating farms that could produce about 10 tons of extra fruits, vegetables, and fish annually.
According to the United Nations, global food production must double by 2050 to meet demands of our ever-growing population. As the world population is predicted to reach 9.1 billion by 2050, the food industry must keep up with the increasing number of mouths to feed. A team of Spanish architects, determined to combat the global hunger issue, designed a two-million-square-foot floating farm that could produce about 10 tons of food annually.
The design firm, Forward Thinking Architecture, focuses on creating a sustainably designed food source for densely populated areas with access to seas, lakes, or rivers. The massive solar-powered farm would operate with a hydroponic agricultural system, meaning that the crops would be grown using mineral nutrient solutions in water instead of soil.
According to the Smithsonian, these rectangular farms would have a default size of 656 by 1,150 feet; to put that in perspective, the three-story farm would even tower the Chrysler building in New York City (it’s 1,049 feet tall). But since these farms will be built over the vast blues that cover more than 70 percent of Earth’s surface, these floating farms certainly wouldn’t cause any space issues.
According to the architects’ plans, the top level of the farm would be covered in solar panels and skylights, harvesting sunlight for electricity as well as filtering the light through to the structure’s second level, which would host the hydroponic vegetables and crops. Then the waste products from the crops would feed the fish in the bottom level, and the waste from the fish would be used to fertilize the crops. Essentially, the design creates its own self-sustaining mini-ecosystem.
While the farm is still in the conceptual stage, it’s difficult to determine how successful the plans will be when put into practice following the development of the first prototype. However, the blueprint is based on existing technology, so the chances of success are promising.
“This is not science fiction. It is a serious and viable solution,” the Forward Thinking Architecture team wrote on their site. It is not meant to ‘solve’ all of humanity’s hunger problems or to replace existing traditional agriculture; this is not the idea at all. The driver behind the project is to open a new initiative which can be complementary and compatible with other existing production methods in order to help reduce food risk associated problems in different areas of the globe.”
The team predicts that the farm would be able to produce 1.7 tons of fish and 8.1 tons of fruits and vegetables annually. To make the farm-to-table process even quicker, there would be an on-board slaughterhouse as well as a processing and packaging area so that the products could be sent straight to shops or consumers, reducing food miles and carbon footprints.
While the self-sustaining system seems flawlessly designed, the turbulent nature of the oceans might have other plans. The seas often lash out with violent storms, so finding safe spots for the farms would be essential.
However, these floating farms could revolutionize the field of food production in the future. The world desperately needs innovative strategies to combat hunger, and the Forward Thinking Architecture team has raised the bar.
For more information check out the video below:


juin 5–9, 2020 Toute la journée
n the framework of the Growing Together project, Young Friends of the Earth Europe, invites European Youth to the online training programme on Food Sovereignty. After the cancellation of the physical training in Belgium, its online version will take place from 5th to 9th June 2020!
The training will take the form of a series of webinars (i.e. one to two hours each). The main objective of this online training is to present the project’s values and to promote young people’s demands on agriculture and food sovereignty, especially towards European policy-makers.
Registrations are now opened until Tuesday 2nd June!
What’s in for you?!
- Friday 5th June (10:00 — 12:00) — Introduction to Growing Together, Food Sovereignty and our manifesto
- Friday 5th June (1:30 — 3:30) — CAP: EU Common Agricultural Policy, the history, decision-making and the reform
- Friday 5th June (4:00 — 5:30) — Addressing MEPs on CAP, agriculture and food sovereignty. Strategies and practical advice
- Monday 8th June (2:30 — 4:30) - Meet with MEPs! (Members of the European Parliament)
- Tuesday 9th June (2:00 — 4:00) — Mobilisation, examples, testimonies and organising next steps!
- Tuesday 9th June (afterwork session — 6:00 — 8:30) Cinema-debate session: Agriculture and Food Sovereignty in the Global South
All sessions are scheduled on Central European Summer Time (CEST) — Sessions’ timing is subject to adjustment. Participants will be notified in case of changes.
As the sessions will take place online, a larger number of participants will be accepted. However, in order to ensure interractions, limitation on the number of participants might apply — only for some sessions.


Craving fresh veggies but don’t have a garden? Join a CSA!
In recent years, Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) has become increasingly popular with consumers who want to purchase fresh, organic, seasonal produce. Similar to co-ops, which offer members shares of an enterprise, CSAs allow farmers to sell off shares of their farm to customers with CSA subscriptions. This model benefits local farmers by cutting out the middleman—grocery stores—and customers foster relationships with the people who grow the food.
What’s included in a typical CSA share?
While the selection of produce varies dramatically depending on what’s in season, a typical CSA share includes weekly or twice-monthly boxes of fresh, seasonal produce during farming season. Some CSAs, like Blessing Falls Family Farm (located in the Post Oak Savannah region of Central Texas), offer additional farmed goods such as eggs from pasture-raised, organic-fed hens and 100 percent grass-fed beef.
What if I don’t know what to do with an item in the CSA box?
One of the key draws of CSA subscription boxes is the opportunity to experiment with new vegetables and fruits in recipes. As a bonus, many CSAs have newsletters and websites with tips, ideas, and recipe suggestions.
What if I don’t like the produce that’s in season?
Some CSAs offer customers the opportunity to swap out items they don’t like for other seasonal items. Typically, these swaps take place at farmers’ markets or on the farm’s website.
Is it possible to visit a CSA farm?
Many CSAs allow shareholders to visit the farm at least once each season, and some offer members a chance to volunteer in the gardens or packing areas. At Johnson’s Backyard Garden, a CSA in east Austin, volunteers are welcome to sign up for half-day shifts to help wash, sort, and pack shareholders’ CSA boxes. As thanks for volunteering on the farm, each person is then rewarded with a share of vegetables at the end of the shift.
How big are CSA shares?
CSA shares vary, depending on the farm and the size of the share. At Tecolote Farm in Manor, shares come in a standard weekly size big enough to feed “a vegetarian household of 2 to 3 people or an omnivorous family of 3 to 5.” Other CSAs, like Johnson’s Backyard Garden, offer a variety of share sizes to choose from.
Can I pick up a CSA box at the grocery store?
Some farms have special arrangements with grocery stores and farmers’ markets that allow CSA members to pick up their shares at these delivery locations. Additionally, many CSAs will deliver to local homes and offices each week for a small fee.
Here are a few CSAs that deliver locally:
- Johnson’s Backyard Garden: Free pick-up at the Monument Cafe in Georgetown Thursdays from 4 to 6 p.m.
- Blessing Falls: Pick-up at Svante’s Restaurant in Round Rock on Saturdays after 3 p.m., or $4 home/workplace delivery.
- Tecolote Farm: Pick-up in Pflugerville at the corner of Will Rogers Lane and Maize Bend Drive on Mondays. Additionally, new convenient pick-up hubs can be created when groups of five or more shareholders request them.


AgriBITArtificial intelliGence applied to pRecision farmIng By the use of GNSS and Integrated Technologies
Artificial intelliGence applied to pRecision farmIng By the use of GNSS and Integrated Technologies
AgriBIT aims to increase the precision, accuracy and continuity of services to deliver improved Precision Agriculture (PA) services to farmers, leading to a reduction in costs through decreased use of inputs (water, energy, fertilizers, pesticides), lower environmental impacts and increased production yields. It positions its innovations both at the level of intervention on the field and the capturing of the effects of PA over time, intelligently exploiting the information acquired before, during and after direct intervention on the field.
AgriBIT develops and extends advanced Artificial Intelligence algorithms to fully exploit this rich set of inputs to recommend actions to farmers building on past history and present context and to ease their workload through improved automation.
AgriBIT offers operational services (3 GNSS-enabling services, 8 GNSS-enabled services) and 1 high-precision GNSS receiver, of European origin and affordable. With 70% of European farmers active in small and medium-sized operations, the high-precision GNSS receiver is an important technological and social contribution to the European agricultural community.
The project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101004259.
Rua Alves Redol, 9
Tel. +351 213 100 450
Fax. +351 213 100 445
Morro do Lena - Alto do Vieiro, C
Tel. +351 244 843 424
Fax. +351 244 843 435
Rua da Boavista (AIDA) | ZI Taboeira - Alagoas
Tel. +351 234 302 409
Fax. +351 234 302 499


Embark on a sensory journey at our innovative smart vanilla farm tour, where the secrets of this exquisite ingredient are revealed through captivating experiences. The Theatre Experience unfolds the story of vanilla, immersing visitors in its allure. Expert guides lead activities like vanilla planting, providing insights into why vanilla is a coveted flavor. The Aquaponic Harvesting Experience showcases sustainable agriculture, allowing hands-on participation in plucking fresh produce from an aquaponic system. This tour offers a profound connection to vanilla’s world, promoting a greener future. The Vanilla Village by Kairos provides a comprehensive experience, from engaging tours on cultivation to aromatic gardens filled with vanilla vines. Culinary delights, including vanilla-infused treats, can be savored at the on-site café. The gift shop offers artisanal vanilla products for a memorable takeaway from this enchanting smart farm experience.
- Immerse yourself in the captivating world of vanilla through engaging tours and demonstrations.
- Take a leisurely stroll through lush and aromatic gardens, where flourishing rows of vanilla vines await.
- Indulge your taste buds with an array of delicious treats infused with vanilla.
- Engage in interactive experiences designed to deepen your understanding of the intricate world of vanilla.
- Browse a charming gift shop offering a treasure trove of products related to vanilla.
Friday- Sunday : 09:00AM – 05:00PM (Daily)
Closed on every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday.
Kairos Agriculture, Lot 7, Permatang Pauh,Agropark, Jalan Ara Kuda, 14400 Kubang Semang, Penang, Malaysia.


Welcome to Carpe Diem Gardens
Carpe Diem Gardens provides sustainable garden and landscape design, and a flexible programme of coaching, training and consultation.
I believe that the whole web of life is precious. My designs create and enhance gardens to grow food and attract wildlife.
My goal is to empower and inspire my clients to develop their gardens into the future. I work with a wide range of people, all enthusiastic about building a sustainable lifestyle and enhancing biodiversity in their outdoor space.
I design gardens that are stylish and beautiful, and complement the nearby architecture. My garden designs also include fruit trees, shrubs and perennial edible plants. You can grow food easily in your own garden, contributing towards a more sustainable lifestyle.
I am a trained permaculture and forest garden designer; these principles are at the heart of all I do. Discover how together we can create a stylish garden designed for outdoor living, and also an abundant source of food and herbs for teas and home remedies.
I provide a coaching and mentoring scheme to support you in creating your own holistic garden design, and a plan to bring it into being over time.


www.organicthaifarm.com Organic Thai Fruits and Vegetables for export by Oriental Spirit Co., Ltd.
Ethical Non-Toxic Organic &
Vacuum Fried Organic Crispy Fruits :
Non-Toxic Organic & Chemical-free Fruits:
Fruits are seasonal produce, with each type of fruit flowering and bear fruits in different months of the year. Hence, our Organic Produce are also export on seasonal availability basis. Please check our Fruits Seasonal Chart as attached. Oriental Spirit Organic Produce are guaranteed to be fresh and free from any toxic chemicals residues.
Oriental Spirit Organic & Chemical Free Produce
Oriental Spirit export a variey of Organic Produce certified by the USDA, JAS, SGS, BCS, OT and IFOAM, guaranteeing its non-toxic Organic nature, safe for human consumption.
Oriental Spirit export Products of fresh Organic Fruits and Vegetables, Fruits in Syrup, Herb and Spices, Vacuum Fried Fruits and Vegetables, Organic Sesame Oil, Organic Coffee, etc.
Oriental Spirit also OEM to Buyer's own Brand logos and names.
Vacuum Freeze Dry Organic Produce:
Oriental Spirit exports a varieties of Vacuum Freeze Dry or Crispy Fried Organic Fruits. The varieties are Crispy Jackfruits, Crispy mango, Crispy Star Fruits, Crispy Banana, Crispy Pineapple, Crispy Rambuttan, Crispy Mangosteen, Crispy Mix Fruits, Crispy Okra (Lady Finger), Crispy Pumpkin, Crispy Onion, Crispy Muchroom, Crispy Sweet Potato, Crispy Taro (Yam), Crispy vegetables, etc.
Chemical-Free Arabica Coffee :
Oriental Spirit Chemical-Free Coffee has super fragrance and taste because it applies a very short roast-time with super high temperature, just in time to bring out the essential coffee oil, yet roasting each coffee beans evenly, whereas others has its fragrance and taste evaporated as white smokes through the chimney.
Oriental Spirit select top long grain Organic Jasmine Rice that has unique fragrance synonymous to the infamous Thai variety.


Here are our house bunnies. We traded in our sheep and chickens for house bunnies. The main thing that made our decision was that when we were really sick in November it was just so hard to take care of the outside animals when everyone feels so bad. Plus, the fact that we can't grow grass in the yards for them for 7 months of the year. So, for now we have house bunnies and they make quite a bit of compost so that is a major plus. We are thinking about making a more permanent structure in the garage and getting a pair of ducks and rabbits (silver fox breed for meat bunnies), plus two hens (most likely buff orpington's). Then during the growing season we can put them all in tractors and move them around the yard. We're also thinking about just getting a couple of wethered sheep to harvest at the end of the season. We are really enjoying the lamb and mutton from last year. So good. Then possibly the following year trying a couple feeder pigs. So that is our plan for now. So far so good. And when the kids are bigger we can do more, but right now, just what Dave and I can do reasonably. :)
We are still growing fodder. This is for the rabbits and they love it, just smaller scale than the sheep. We will make it a little bigger when we have ducks, rabbits and chickens in the winter.


About Happy Cow Farm
Happy Cow Farm has been supplying raw milk to the Leicestershire, Coventry & Birmingham area for more than 5yrs.
Our lovely cows, a small herd of Ayrshires, are free to roam on our farm all year round.
It has always been our policy to use no hormones or antibiotics.
We are virtually organic as we feed only grass silage grown on our own farm using only natural fertilizers and home grown sugar beet.
We also supply free range organic eggs.


15 Feb Vietnam going big on shrimp farming
The Vietnam government has announced plans to invest heavily in perfecting the country’s intensive shrimp farming operations and expand production significantly over the next few years.
To accomplish the goal, the country will dig new ponds and expand the hectarage devoted to shrimp production that it already operates by reducing its rice harvest, principally in the Mekong Delta, said Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Nguyen Xuan Cuong.
The Government made the decision to place all future bets on shrimp farming following a rice harvest in 2016 that was devastated by the rising salinity of the Mekong River in 2016.
In the lower reaches of the Mekong Delta, saltwater has penetrated inland as far as 60 kilometres, according to meteorologists, killing crops and shuttering family farms, eliminating thousands of rural jobs.
Longer-term, the Government is convinced that the shrimp farming business can compete on more equitable terms with the country’s other more profitable agriculture production.
The increasing salinity may be bad for rice farmers but it is great for those in the shrimp business.
Minister Cuong noted the gross revenue of the country’s shrimp farmers from exports last year surpassed that of rice, making it the second-largest agricultural export for 2016, after coffee.
Government officials in the Mekong Delta and other coastal areas have been working to assist rice farmers make the transition to cultivating shrimp that will affect tens of millions in the Mekong Delta alone.
Minister Cuong noted the global market for shrimp has been steadily increasing over the past few years and that the market demand is such that country would be able to safely expand shrimp farming to encompass some one million hectares from the 700,000 hectares now under cultivation.
In addition, he said Government officials will work on introducing better-quality strains of shrimp and improving farming techniques. His target is to expand shrimp production to an average of eight metric tons per hectare.
Intensive shrimp farms can hold a density of up to 220 shrimp per square metre, compared with only 180 for semi-intensive farms, resulting in an annual yield of 10 tons, versus 5 tons per hectare using the semi-intensive method.
If one were to run the math, annual gross revenues of US$10 billion from shrimp exports is very doable, said Minister Cuong.
The weather in the Mekong Delta is most suitable for shrimp and is the motivating factor in making the decision to transition away from rice. The current weather oscillations are just too much for rice.


Organic Techniques for Sustainable Urban GardeningDownload Audio Version
Urban gardening is the practice of planting and growing organic fruits and vegetables in a city or town. There are many benefits for homeowners, including healthy food, improved energy efficiency, and less carbon dioxide emissions. Various organic techniques are used, with plants grown in the garden and in containers and pots at home. Some people also practice foodscaping which is a combination between agricultural techniques and landscaping.
Sustainable Gardening Methods
There are different organic techniques such as rain water recovery systems and management, compost piles, conservation polls, organic pest control, and others. Sustainable techniques involve practices such as:
To make a lasagna garden, lay scraps, manure, hay, leaves, grass clippings, and newspapers over the grass in fall. You can use trimmings, spent blooms, pine needles, weeds, tea leaves, and peat moss as well. This is how you make a planting bed. If you do it in the early spring, make sure you add topsoil or peat. Planting is the next step. Then water and weed as you normally would. There are many benefits to lasagna gardening, and one is that the soil is loose, fluffy, and easy to dig. Other benefits include improved water retention and fewer weeds.
Organic pest control is also a great way to reduce soil pollution and grow healthy produce. Attract natural predators such as bats, moles, and lizards. Bats, for example, eat hundreds of insects, including mosquitoes. What is more, they pollinate some fruits. Snakes prey on insects and rodents, and most species are not poisonous. Frogs and toads are also your friends because they consume worms, spiders, snails, and insects. The good thing is that snakes will keep their population under control.
You can try wildlife gardening as well. Use log piles to attract worms and lizards and ponds to provide shelter to toads, newts, and frogs. Nest piles can be used to attract hedgehogs, bees, bats, and different bird species.
In addition to natural pest control, you may want to use organic fertilizers such as compost, organic and green manure, and biofertilizers. Artificial fertilizers are harmful for the environment. They contain substances such as magnesium, calcium, potassium, and nitrogen. The problem with synthetic fertilizers is that they destroy beneficial bacteria and other microorganisms. In the long term, this leads to water pollution and increased toxicity levels. Health effects include higher risk of large intestine and prostate cancer, lymphoma, and brain tumors. Long-term exposure to herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers should be avoided. If you use synthetic fertilizers, keep pets and kids away from your garden.
The main benefits of using organic fertilizers are that they supply vital minerals and other nutrients and preserve soil health. They are biodegradable and safe to use. While chemical fertilizers contaminate soil and water, organic waste minimizes environmental pollution which is the main cause for the extinction of many insects, animals, and plant species. You can either make organic fertilizers by yourself (e.g. composting) or buy from local farmers. There are different types of dried and undried manure such as swine, horse, poultry, sheep, and cattle. Compost can be made using leaves, lawn clippings, straws, seaweed, tea bags, and food scraps.
This is another organic technique and a form of eco engineering. Homeowners use different practices such as:
Rainwater harvesting, for example, involves the collection and storage of rainwater for irrigation and other uses. Some people also use it as drinking water. Gray water from bathing, washing, and other activities is also collected and recycled to be used for plant irrigation.
Other Organic Techniques
Homeowners also use other organic techniques such as weed control, succession planting, and square foot gardening. Other techniques to try include pollination management, no dig gardening, and companion planting. The latter involves the planting of companion plants such as potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, and fruit trees. This group of plants repels cabbage worms, carrot flies, slugs, and rabbits. You can also plant herbs and hearty greens such as mint, radish, dill, spinach, and rosemary. Some people also practice organic farming, forest gardening, and biodynamic gardening and farming. Growing neglected crops is also a good idea. They contribute to biodiversity and improve soil health. Many of these species are adapted to marginal areas and are grown by traditional farmers. There are different vegetable and pulse crops, nuts, and fruits such as durian, jackfruit, common fig, and pomelo. Finally, you can use other organic techniques such as multiple cropping, intercropping, and water wise gardening. The method of choice depends on different factors such as climate and weather conditions, the size of your garden, and the type of soil.
Green Schools Teach Children the Importance of Sustainable Living
Green schools emphasize the importance of sustainable practices, and students are involved in different activities and initiatives. Children are taught good practices such as sustainable transportation, energy and water conservation, and waste reduction. A Green Classroom and Zero-Waste...
Compost for Superb Soil Quality and High Yields
Composting offers plenty of benefits for the environment in that it reduces the impact of air, land, and water pollution. Biodegradable waste is decomposed and used to improve soil quality. This contributes to plant growth because important nutrients are added to the soil. Compost is a natural soil...
Green Landscaping for Insulation, Water Conservation, and Healthy Garden
Green landscaping offers many benefits for homeowners and the environment. This is a way to take good care of your lawn, backyard, or garden without using hazardous or toxic substances. These techniques save money and energy and promote sustainable living. Techniques to UseThere are different...