2 edition of Insect pests of economic importance on cereal crops in the Senegal River Basin, West Africa found in the catalog.
Insect pests of economic importance on cereal crops in the Senegal River Basin, West Africa
Written in English
|Statement||by Adama Sy.|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||260 leaves, bound ;|
|Number of Pages||260|
A survey of scale insects (Sternorryncha: Coccoidea) occurring on table grapes in South Africa Vaughn M. Walton1,a, Kerstin Krüger2,b, Davina L. Saccaggi3,c* and Ian M. Millar3,d 1 Ag and Life Sciences, Building Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR , U.S.A 2 Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. Insect pests as constraints to cereal production in sub‐ S aharan A frica Lepidopterous stemborers constitute one of the major constraints to efficient production of cereal crops in most parts of SSA, with a complex of species attacking these crops (Kfir et al., ).Of the known stemborer species causing economic yield losses, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Noctuidae) and Chilo partellus Swinhoe Cited by:
Dear All, I am pleased to announce the launching of a new book titled “Insects of cultivated Plants and Natural Pastures in Southern Africa” by Gerhard Prinsloo and Vivienne Uys. The pages thick book deals with insect pests of 75 crops including field crops, vegetables crops, pastures, horticultural and ornamental plants. Many of these. The researchers sampled 65 rice stores around the country and carried out a survey among farmers to determine their views on the economic importance of insect damage. For a storage period of four to six months, they found financial losses were up to 21, Francs of the African Financial Community (around US$42) per tonne of stored rice in the.
pacts on fisheries in West Africa: implications for economic, food and nutri-tional security. African Journal of Marine Science 34(1) Climate change impacts on pests and diseases in agricultural systems Crops Crop pests are already a major factor influencing farm productivity. Globally about one-sixth of . Fishmeal and crops such as soya are key protein sources for animal feeds, but they are not ecologically and economically sustainable. In West Africa, poultry producers suffer from the increasing cost of feed (representing about 70% of the total production costs), in particular protein sources.
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On Horrockss treatment of the evection and the equation of the centre, with a note on the elliptic hypothesis of Albert Curtz and its correction by Boulliau and Newton
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INSECT PESTS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE ON CEREAL CROPS IN THE SENEGAL RIVER BASIN, WEST AFRICA INTRODUCTION The Senegal River Basin is composed of areas distributed in the four West African states of Guinea, Mali, Mauritania and Senegal.
Mali, Mauritania and Senegal contain the largest portion of the river basin, including the Senegal River Valley. Insect pests of economic importance on cereal crops in the Senegal River Basin, West Africa Public Deposited.
Cereal crops cultivated in Mali, Mauritania and Senegal consist primarily of sorghum, millet, rice and maize. They form the gramineous crops that, are programmed for the agricultural improvement of the Senegal River Basin. Author: Adama Sy. Insect pests of economic importance on cereal crops in the Senegal River Basin, West Africa by Adama Sy, edition, in EnglishPages: This invasive insect pest, first reported in Africa in earlyis in more than 20 African countries including South Sudan and South Africa.
It has destroyed many staple crops like maize. Crop Pests and Diseases. A manual on the most important pests and diseases of the major food crops grown by smallholder farmers in Africa. These include: cassava, banana, sorghum, millet, beans. antibodies. Less than percentage of the total number of the known insect species are considered pests, and only a few of these can be a serious menace to people.
Insect pests inflict damage to humans, farm animals and crops. Insect pests have been defined by Williams () as any insect in the wrong place. Depending on the structure of theFile Size: KB.
According to recent research, five invasive insect pests including T. absoluta cost the African continent US$ billion every year. Around the world, invasive pests are causing US$ billion in economic losses to agriculture each year despite the fact that many countries are doing their best to prevent insect invasions now and into the future.
the insect pests attacking these crops in Africa, the lepidopteran stem borers are by far the most injurious (). Because of their economic importance, stem borers. the insect pests attacking these crops in Africa, the lepidopteran stem borers are by far the most injurious ().
Because of their economic importance, stem borers have been the subjects of many studies, which resulted in an enormous amount of literature.
This review summarizes the status of knowledge about cereal stem borers in Africa. Bullen, F. () Locusts and grasshoppers as pests of crops and pasture: A preliminary economic approach. J Appl. Ecol. 3, – Du Plessis, C. () Economic importance of the locust problem in the Union of South Africa and South West by: 6.
Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice). As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, million tonnes in ), after sugarcane ( billion tonnes) and maize (1.
Key Words: West Africa, pesticides, pesticide regulation. pesticide misuse. traditional farming systems, integrated I)est management. Agric. Entomol. 7(3): (July ) Traditional West African agriculture is characterized by small farms, mixed crops and hetel'ogeneous crop germpiasill.
Insect pests damaging avocado fruit increased in economic importance during the last four years. Until late in the s, avocado orchards were relatively free from serious insect pests, as a result of good control by natural enemies (De Villiers & van den Berg, ).
With the increased cultivation of avocados over the last decade, there has been. The principal insect pests of rice in west Africa and their control [J BrenieÌ re] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying : J BrenieÌ re.
INTRODUCTION. Rice is an important cereal crop in the world, providing more calories per hectare than any other cereals food grain 1, has been reported that rice is one of the most important sources of employment and income generation for rural people Nigeria, rice is an important staple food crop grown in almost all the agro-ecologies of the country 4.
West Africa, the most frequently reported maize pests are S. calamistis, E. saccharina (Bosque-Pérez and Mareck ; Gounou et al. ; Schulthess et al. ), and the noctuid S. botanephaga (Tams and Bowden) (Endrody-Younga ). fusca is generally of low importance in West Africa but the predominant species across all eco-zones in.
An assemblage of approximately 20 moth species belonging to the families Crambidae, Pyralidae and Noctuidae constitute the most important cereal pests in many parts of Africa. The caterpillars of these moths bore into the stems of maize, sorghum, millet and rice, often killing the plant, and are commonly known as stem or stalk borers.
The cereals attacked are grown by smallholders to feed. Cereals (maize, sorghum, millet, rice) are extremely important crops grown in Africa for human consumption. Of the various insect pests attacking cereal crops in Africa, lepidopteran stem borers are by far the most injurious.
All 21 economically important stem borers of cultivated grasses in Africa are indigenous except Chilo partellus, which Cited by: Cereals (maize, sorghum, millet, rice) are extremely important crops grown in Africa for human consumption.
Of the various insect pests attacking cereal crops in Africa, lepidopteran stem borers are by far the most injurious. All 21 economically important stem borers of cultivated grasses in Africa are indigenous except Chilo partellus, which invaded the continent from India, and Chilo Cited by: production of cereal crops, the relative importance of maize as a food crop, the trends in maize production quantity, area harvested, and yield over the last 20 years, and gaps between actual and potential yields for the six countries.
Importance of Maize in National Agricultural Production The decisions of farmers about what to. This is the French translation of the book 'African cereal stem borers' () by A. Polaszek. It consists of 28 chapters, by various authors, arranged in 4 sections.
The 1st section is on economic importance (host plants; maize, West and central Africa; maize and sorghum, East Africa; maize and grain sorghum, southern Africa; sorghum, West Africa; rice, West Africa; rearing maize and sorghum Author: A.
Polaszek, G. Delvare, D. Blary.The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), undertook a biological control (BC) programme for control of stemborers from toto reduce cereal yield losses due to stemborer attack in East and Southern programme released four biological control agents—the larval parasitoids Cotesia flavipes and Cotesia sesamiae, the egg parasitoid Telenomus isis and Cited by: Lepidopteran stemborers are considered as the most important insect pests of cereal crops in Sub-Saharan Africa.
However, limited information exists on stemborers and their parasitoids in the rain forest of the DR Congo. In order to enhance the understanding of the pest ecology, sampling in both cultivated and wild habitats has been recommended as a bottom line to any action aiming at the Cited by: 5.


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Known as the Miracle Tree in India, Moringa oleifera or drumstick tree is native to the Himalayan and North African mountains. Because it grows fast and the leaves retain lots of nutrients when dried into powder, moringa has been used in India and Africa to fight malnutrition. In addition to the leaves, which can be eaten raw or cooked or consumed in the form of dried moringa leaf powder, the fruit flowers and immature pods of the tree are also edible and nutritious. Thanks to its high nutritional value, moringa has been touted as a superfood, and numerous articles have been written about the potential health benefits of moringa. In fact, some authors have even written entire books on the healing properties of this nutritious plant (see, for example, Monica Marcu’ Miracle Tree).
In this article, we focus on the nutrient content and calorie count of moringa leaves, and investigate how well moringa leaves fare against other famous dietary sources of nutrients, such as oranges (source of vitamin C), milk (source of calcium), carrots (source of carotenoids) and spinach (source of iron). At the bottom of this page, you will also find nutrition facts charts which give an overview of amounts of different nutrients found in moringa leaves. The charts provide the actual amounts per 100 grams, as well as the percentages of daily values (%DV) per 100 grams.
Moringa Leaves Rival Oranges as a Source of Vitamin C
Providing 53 milligrams of vitamin C per 100 grams (3.5 ounces), oranges are considered a very good source of vitamin C. But raw moringa leaves appear to be at least an equally good source of this vital nutrient. According to the USDA data, 100 grams of fresh moringa leaves contain 52 milligrams of vitamin C – and some sources report even higher values. A paper published in the July/September 1980 issue of the journal Economic Botany, for example, suggests that fresh moringa leaves contain 220 milligrams of vitamin C per 100 grams. Dried moringa leaves, on the other hand, contain approximately 18.7 to 140 milligrams of vitamin C per 100 grams on a dry weight basis, according to an Italian meta-analysis published in the June 2015 issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. According to the authors, the fact that the values reported vary dramatically between sources may be explained by differences in environmental conditions in different countries, genetic basis of the plant, drying method, and different extraction and analysis methods used in the studies. As far as different drying methods are concerned, freeze-drying appeared to be the best method for preserving the vitamin C content of moringa leaves.
Moringa Contains More Iron Than Spinach
The nutrition information available on moringa leaves in the USDA database reveals that moringa is also a rich source of iron, with a 100-gram serving of raw moringa leaves providing 4 milligrams of iron which corresponds to about 22% of the Daily Value for this important mineral. That is also significantly more than the amount of iron found in spinach (a 100-gram serving of raw spinach provides about 2.7 milligrams of iron). When moringa leaves are turned into moringa powder and the water is removed from the leaves through drying, this green superfood becomes an even more concentrated source of iron—expect to get about 0.5 milligrams of iron from a teaspoon of moringa powder made from dried moringa leaves. However, as is the case with other plant-based sources of this essential mineral, the iron in moringa powder and fresh moringa leaves is so-called non-heme iron which is not as readily absorbed by the human body as heme iron which is found in meat and poultry. The good news is that vitamin C – which is abundant in moringa leaves – is known to boost the absorption of iron in the intestines.
A Good Plant-Based Source of Calcium
Did you know that moringa leaves and moringa powder also contain plenty of calcium? According to the USDA data, fresh moringa leaves contain about 185 milligrams of calcium per 100 grams, which is nearly 70% of the amount of calcium you get from a cup of whole milk. The Karger publication Plants in Human Health and Nutrition Policy (2003) provides an even higher value: 466 milligrams per 100 grams of fresh moringa leaves, or 2240 milligrams per 100 grams of dried moringa leaves.
Still not convinced about the nutritional value of moringa leaves? Then, consider this: moringa is also packed with beta-carotene. According to the Italian study published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2015, raw moringa leaves contain about 6.6 to 6.8 milligrams of beta-carotene per 100 grams, but some sources report even higher values. The Karger publication, for example, reports that fresh moringa leaves contain a whopping 19 milligrams of beta-carotene per 100 grams. By way of comparison, a 100-gram serving of raw carrots contains about 8.3 milligrams of beta-carotene, according to USDA’s nutrition facts data. When fresh moringa leaves are dried and turned into moringa powder, this Himalayan superfood becomes an even more concentrated source of beta-carotene. According to the Italian mentioned earlier, the amount of beta-carotene in dried moringa leaves has been shown to range from 17.6 to 39.6 milligrams per 100 grams (on a dry weight basis), and freeze-dried leaves have been shown to contain even more beta-carotene: 66 milligrams per 100 grams.
Raw Moringa Leaves – Nutrition Facts at a Glance
Different sources may report different values for the key nutrients found in moringa leaves (drumstick leaves). The absolute amounts in the following nutrition facts tables are based on data from the USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (Release 27). The percent Daily Values (%DV) have been calculated by HealWithFood.org and are based on recommendations for a 2,000 calorie reference diet. Your daily values may be different depending on your individual needs.
Can’t Wait to Stock Your Superfood Pantry with Moringa?
If you are looking to improve the nutritional value of your meals by introducing moringa into your diet, moringa powders may be your best bet since fresh moringa leaves are still not widely available in North America and Europe.


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A gorgeous stretch of open fields with long-range views in Barre has been conserved for farming into the future, honoring the area’s farming heritage. Beloved in the community, Gordon Booth had long wanted to see it protected; his children fulfilled this vision.
VLT received a gift of 159 acres of forestland, open pasture, and meadows in Topsham with spectacular views across central Vermont. The land trust will conserve most of the land and sell it, using the proceeds to advance the organization’s mission.
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A few years ago, Greensboro residents were saddened by the closure of Hazendale Farm, a popular organic farm and farmstand located on Hardwick Street. David Allen and Diana Griffiths made […]
From apples to donuts, cider, and more, the Douglas Orchard & Cider Mills on Route 74 has something for everyone. Open year round, the offerings from the Shoreham orchard follow […]


If you are planning to start a new garden or farm, breaking new ground is an essential step. However, it can be a daunting task, especially if you don't have the right tools. A tiller is an essential tool for breaking new ground, but with so many options available in the market, it can be challenging to find the best one for your needs. In this article, we will provide you with a short guide on the key points to consider when looking for the best tiller for breaking new ground.
Firstly, you need to consider the size of your garden or farm. If you have a small garden, a mini-tiller or cultivator will be sufficient. However, for a larger area, you will need a more powerful tiller.
Secondly, you need to consider the type of soil you will be working with. If you have hard soil, you will need a tiller with a powerful engine and sturdy tines.
Thirdly, you need to consider the type of tiller you want. There are three types: front-tine, rear-tine, and mid-tine. Rear-tine tillers are the best for breaking new ground as they have the most power.
Fourthly, you need to consider the price. Tiller prices vary greatly, so it's essential to set a budget and find a tiller that fits your needs and budget.
Lastly, you need to consider the brand and warranty. A reputable brand will offer a better warranty and customer service, which is essential when investing in a piece of equipment like a tiller.
In conclusion, finding the best tiller for breaking new ground requires careful consideration of the size of your garden, the type of soil, the type of tiller, the price, and the brand and warranty. By taking these key points into account, you can find a tiller that will make breaking new ground a breeze.
10 Best Tiller For Breaking New Ground
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1. Pioneer Dual Direction Rear Tine Tiller With Reverse, 17" Width, 11" Depth, 99cc 4-Cycle Engine, Black/red.
The EARTHQUAKE 31285 Pioneer Dual Direction Rear Tine Tiller with Instant Reverse, Airless Wheels, 17" Width, 11" Tilling Depth, 99cc 4-Cycle Viper Engine, Black/Red is a powerful and reliable tiller designed to make the job of cultivating soil easier and more efficient. This tiller is capable of operating in both CRT mode (counter-rotating tines) and SRT mode (standard rotating tines), which makes it ideal for breaking up tough soil and creating a smooth seed bed for planting.
One of the most notable features of the Pioneer tiller is its frustration-free shifting system. The tiller is equipped with a shift positioning system that allows the user to easily switch between drive modes without having to guess or fumble around. The shift handle can be easily located on the locator plate, making it simple to find the mode you want.
Another impressive feature of the Pioneer tiller is its compact power. This tiller is powered by a 99cc Viper engine that is both lighter and quieter than other engines of its size. This engine is perfectly sized for the job, reducing the weight of the tiller and providing a smoother, less noisy, and more balanced experience during operation.
The Pioneer tiller also boasts an instant reverse feature, which eliminates the need to shift gears when backing up. The user can simply pull a handle to maneuver backward in the garden, and release the handle to go forward again. This feature saves time and effort, making gardening tasks more efficient.
The airless wheels of the Pioneer tiller are another impressive feature. These super-wide wheels are designed to never go flat, and they have aggressive lugs that help to claw at the dirt for maximum traction. This makes the tiller highly maneuverable, allowing for fluid navigation in tight growing spaces and stable pivoting capability at the end of garden rows.
The Pioneer tiller is also equipped with dual-grip handlebars, which makes it easy to operate with one hand. This feature allows the user to step to the side of the tilling path and avoid footsteps in the seed bed.
Lastly, the Pioneer tiller is backed by a 5-year warranty and US-based service and support. This warranty provides peace of mind to the user, knowing that they have a reliable and durable piece of equipment that is built to last.
Overall, the EARTHQUAKE 31285 Pioneer Dual Direction Rear Tine Tiller with Instant Reverse, Airless Wheels, 17" Width, 11" Tilling Depth, 99cc 4-Cycle Viper Engine, Black/Red is a high-quality tiller that is designed to make gardening tasks easier, more efficient, and less frustrating. Its compact power, frustration-free shifting, airless wheels, and dual-grip handlebars make it a reliable and highly maneuverable piece of equipment that is perfect for any gardener.
2. Earthquake 37037 Pioneer Dual-Direction Rear Tine Tiller, Red/black
The EARTHQUAKE 37037 Pioneer Dual-Direction Rear Tine Tiller is a powerful and versatile gardening tool that can easily handle tough soil conditions. This tiller has dual-direction capabilities, allowing users to operate in CRT mode for heavy-duty tilling and sod-busting, and SRT mode for creating a smooth seed bed for planting.
One of the standout features of the Pioneer is its frustration-free shifting system, which makes it easy for users to shift between modes without any guesswork. Simply slide the shift handle into your preferred mode on the locator plate for hassle-free operation. This is a feature that other dual-direction tillers envy.
The Pioneer is powered by a 99cc Viper engine that is designed for performance. This lightweight and quiet engine is perfectly sized for the job, reducing the overall weight of the tiller and making it easier to handle. The improved balance also means that users can enjoy a smoother, less noisy experience during operation.
Another key feature of the Pioneer is its instant reverse function. Unlike other tillers, there's no need to shift gears or struggle to back up. With just a quick pull of a handle, users can maneuver backward in their garden, and then release the handle to go forward again.
The Pioneer also features airless wheels, which are designed to deliver maximum traction in any condition. These super-wide wheels never go flat, and their aggressive lugs allow them to claw at the dirt, even in the toughest soil conditions.
Overall, the EARTHQUAKE 37037 Pioneer Dual-Direction Rear Tine Tiller is a reliable and efficient tool that can help gardeners tackle even the toughest soil conditions. With its dual-direction capabilities, frustration-free shifting system, lightweight Viper engine, instant reverse function, and airless wheels, this tiller is a must-have for any serious gardener.
3. Mantis 7940 4-Cycle Gas Powered Cultivator, Red
The Mantis 7940 4-Cycle Gas Powered Cultivator is a powerful and efficient tool for anyone looking to maintain their garden or yard. With its Honda 4-cycle 25cc engine, this cultivator is able to spin its tines twice as fast as other tillers, providing an impressive tine speed of up to 240 rpm. This makes it the perfect choice for those looking for a tiller that can work quickly and efficiently.
One of the standout features of the Mantis 7940 is its compact size and lightweight design. Weighing in at only 24 pounds, it is easy to maneuver and transport, making it an ideal choice for smaller gardens or yards. The cultivator's 9 inch width also allows it to reach tight spaces that larger tillers cannot, ensuring that every inch of your garden is taken care of.
Another great feature of the Mantis 7940 is its finger-controlled throttle, which allows for infinite speed control and ease of operation. This feature ensures that users can work at the speed that is most comfortable for them, making it easier to tackle tough tasks without becoming fatigued.
The cultivator's unique, curvy tines can be used to till down 10 inches deep or shallow cultivate the top 2 to 3 inches of soil by simply turning the tines around. This versatility makes it easy to adapt to different gardening needs and ensures that users can achieve the desired results every time.
The Mantis 7940 also comes with a handy carrying handle and a kickstand for steady placement when not in use. The handlebars fold down for easy storage, making it convenient to store the cultivator when it is not in use.
In addition, the Mantis 7940 comes with a 2-year limited warranty, providing peace of mind and ensuring that users are protected against any defects or faults with the product.
Overall, the Mantis 7940 4-Cycle Gas Powered Cultivator is a versatile and efficient tool that is ideal for anyone looking to maintain their garden or yard. Its lightweight design, finger-controlled throttle, and unique tines make it easy to use and adapt to different gardening needs, while its compact size and handy kickstand make it easy to store when not in use. With its powerful Honda 4-cycle engine, the Mantis 7940 is a reliable and efficient choice for any gardening enthusiast.
4. Superhandy Tiller Cultivator With 2.5hp Engine And 4 Premium Steel Tines For Garden And Lawn Care.
The SuperHandy Tiller Cultivator is a powerful machine that empowers users to have ultimate control over tilling their land. This mini power tiller cultivator is the perfect tool for those looking to efficiently cultivate their garden, lawn, or personal land. It has a Tine Shield design that provides added protection, and is EPA/CARB certified, ensuring its safety and reliability.
One of the key features of this tiller is its powerful 2.5Hp 79cc Gas 4 Stroke Single Cylinder OHV Engine. It has a recoil starter and centrifugal friction clutch, providing excellent power to weight ratio performance where it counts. With a maximum output power of 1.4kW and a maximum rotating power of 3600RPMs at a 30:1 reduction ratio, this cultivator is capable of handling tough soil conditions with ease.
The SuperHandy Tiller Cultivator also has an advanced design that includes four steel replaceable and adjustable forward rotating tines with a diameter of 11 inches. With a tilling scope width of 11-21 inches and a tilling depth of 7-11 inches, this tiller can accomplish fast and efficient work, whether in the field or on personal land.
This tiller/cultivator is great for garden and lawn applications in digging, soil cultivation, aeration, creating loose seedbeds, and dirt/weed removal. It is important to note that this tiller should only be used for dirt applications and should not be used for rock, stone, or metal surfaces/debris.
Safety is always a top priority, and users should always operate the machine according to the directions in the user manual and wear appropriate ANSI standard hand and eye protection. The tiller fuel type is 87 octane gasoline w/10%> or less ethanol, and the maximum fuel tank capacity is 0.5 gallons or 2 liters. Note that oil is not included, and users should add oil during assembly. The maximum oil capacity is 0.35L, and the recommended oil type is 10W-30 API: SF for best performance.
Overall, the SuperHandy Tiller Cultivator is a reliable, efficient, and powerful machine that is perfect for those looking to cultivate their land with ease. With its advanced design, powerful engine, and safety features, users can trust that this tiller will get the job done effectively and safely.
5. Heavy-Duty Manual Soil Tiller For Raised Beds And Flower Boxes.
The Jardineer Hand Tiller Garden Claw is a heavy-duty, manual soil tiller designed for flower boxes and raised beds. It features an anti-slip footplate that maximizes downward force and makes it easy to penetrate the soil with just one tread. The curved handle of this garden claw minimizes twisting effort and is ergonomically designed to reduce strain on the user's hands.
The arrow sharp tines of this hand tiller make it an aggressive garden claw that can easily cultivate soil efficiently. It is made of powder-coated steel, which makes it strong and durable, ensuring that it will last for years of use. This garden twist tiller is perfect for tilling for ventilated soil and healthy plants. It loosens, turns, tills, and aerates the soil, promoting the free flow of water, air, and fertilizer to ensure the growth of healthy plants and a beautiful garden.
The garden claw is designed to save the user's back when working in raised beds and flower boxes. Its ideal size makes it perfect for use in narrow areas around shrubs or bushes. The user can also use the twist tiller to mix fertilizer and peat moss amendments. The long handle makes tilling easy without bending over, which is a great feature that makes gardening more comfortable and enjoyable.
Jardineer is devoted to providing reliable and efficient products. Customer satisfaction is always their pursuit. If the user has any questions about the garden twist tiller, they can contact Jardineer's customer service. They can order with confidence and be assured that they will receive a high-quality product that will make their gardening experience more enjoyable and productive.
6. Agri-Fab 45-0308 Multi-Fit Univeral Tow Behind Tiller, Black
The Agri-Fab 45-0308 Multi-Fit Universal Tow Behind Tiller is a powerful and versatile piece of machinery designed for tilling large areas of land quickly and efficiently. Made in the USA with some imported components, this tiller comes with a 3-year limited consumer warranty, with the engine being warranted by the engine manufacturer.
The tiller is equipped with a reliable Briggs and Stratton engine that delivers exceptional performance and power, making it suitable for use in a variety of applications. The engine is designed to start easily and run smoothly, ensuring that you can get your work done quickly and efficiently.
One of the key features of the Agri-Fab 45-0308 is its ability to adjust the tilling depth from 1.5 to 5.5 inches, allowing you to adapt to the specific needs of your garden or farm. This makes it perfect for tilling soil for planting, cultivating crops, or preparing the land for landscaping.
The tiller also features six one-piece, 11-inch diameter heavy-duty tines that rotate forward to allow use behind any front engine tractor. These tines are made from high-quality materials that are designed to withstand the rigors of heavy use, ensuring that you can rely on your tiller for years to come.
In addition to its powerful tilling capabilities, the Agri-Fab 45-0308 also comes equipped with transport wheels that do not require an expensive sleeve hitch on your tractor. This allows you to easily move the tiller from one location to another without the need for additional equipment, making it an ideal choice for those who need to transport their tiller frequently.
Overall, the Agri-Fab 45-0308 Multi-Fit Universal Tow Behind Tiller is a versatile and reliable piece of equipment that is perfect for anyone looking to till large areas of land quickly and efficiently. With its powerful engine, adjustable tilling depth, and heavy-duty tines, this tiller is sure to meet your needs and exceed your expectations.
7. Mantis 7924 2-Cycle Plus Tiller/cultivator With Faststart Technology For 75% Easier Starts
The Mantis 7924 2-Cycle Plus Tiller/Cultivator is a powerful and reliable gardening tool for those looking to cultivate their soil with ease. Featuring a 2-cycle 21.2cc engine, this tiller/cultivator is designed to deliver exceptional performance and durability for years to come.
One of the key features of the Mantis 7924 is its FastStart technology, which makes starting the engine up to 75% easier than other models on the market. This is a great benefit for those who struggle with traditional recoil start systems, as the FastStart technology ensures that the engine starts up quickly and easily.
In addition to its easy-to-start engine, the Mantis 7924 also boasts a 10" tilling depth and a 9" tilling width, making it an ideal choice for medium to large-sized garden plots. With its powerful engine and wide tilling area, this tiller/cultivator can quickly and easily break up tough soil and prepare it for planting.
Another great feature of the Mantis 7924 is its fold-down handles, which allow for easy storage and transport. When not in use, the handles can be folded down to reduce the overall size of the tiller/cultivator, making it much easier to store in a shed or garage.
While the Mantis 7924 does require a gas/oil mixture to operate, this is a small price to pay for the exceptional performance it delivers. Whether you're a seasoned gardener or a beginner just starting out, the Mantis 7924 2-Cycle Plus Tiller/Cultivator is a great investment that will help you achieve the beautiful, healthy garden you've always wanted.
8. Brinly Pp-510-A Sleeve Hitch Tow Behind Moldboard Plow, 10", Matte Black
The Brinly PP-510-A Sleeve Hitch Tow Behind Moldboard Plow is a high-quality agricultural tool designed to make gardening and landscaping tasks easier for users. This plow is made of durable 13-gauge steel and features a heavy-duty 1/4 inch solid steel plowshare that can cut through even the toughest soils. The plow is coated in a matte black finish, giving it a sleek and professional appearance.
The 10-inch moldboard steel plow is designed to carve out the ground, making it easier to disc and cultivate garden soil. The cut width is adjustable from 8 inches to 10 inches, providing versatility for narrower or wider furrows. The plow requires a sleeve hitch, which is not included, but can be purchased through the tractor manufacturer.
The Brinly PP-510-A Sleeve Hitch Tow Behind Moldboard Plow comes with a durable 13-gauge steel coulter kit that provides accurate vertical furrow cuts. The easy, tool-free depth adjustments make it convenient and expedient to use, allowing users to adjust the plow's depth without using any tools.
If your garden tractor is equipped with turf-tread tires, consider using tire chains for additional traction. This will help to increase the plow's efficiency and make it easier to use in tougher terrain.
The Brinly-Hardy Company has been dedicated to providing quality, durable, and innovative Lawn & Garden Products built in the USA since 1839. The Brinly PP-510-A Sleeve Hitch Tow Behind Moldboard Plow is no exception, as it is made in the USA and features the same high-quality construction that users have come to expect from Brinly-Hardy products.
In conclusion, the Brinly PP-510-A Sleeve Hitch Tow Behind Moldboard Plow is an excellent agricultural tool that is designed to make gardening and landscaping tasks easier for users. It is durable, versatile, and easy to use, making it an ideal choice for anyone looking for a high-quality plow that can handle even the toughest soil conditions.
9. Lawnmaster Te1318w1 Corded Electric Tiller 13.5-Amp 18-Inch
The LawnMaster TE1318W1 Corded Electric Tiller is a powerful and efficient tool that is designed to make tilling your garden a breeze. With an 18-inch maximum cutting width and a 13.5-amp motor, this tiller is capable of tilling up to 9 inches deep, making it ideal for preparing soil for planting or for breaking up hard-packed soil.
The tiller features six rust-resistant steel blades that are capable of tilling up to 18 inches wide, making quick work of even large garden plots. The blades are designed to be durable and long-lasting, ensuring that they will remain sharp and effective for years to come.
Safety and convenience are also key features of the LawnMaster TE1318W1 Corded Electric Tiller. To start the tiller, simply press the safety locking button, then pull the trigger lever up and against the motor. This ensures that the tiller only starts when you are ready to use it, reducing the risk of accidents or injuries.
The tiller is also designed to be lightweight and easy to maneuver. Weighing in at only 24.36lbs, the tiller is easy to rotate and control, making it ideal for users of all ages and abilities. The tiller can also be folded up for easy storage, making it a great choice for those with limited storage space.
At LawnMaster, we are committed to providing our customers with the highest level of service and support. When you purchase the LawnMaster TE1318W1 Corded Electric Tiller, you can rest assured that you are getting a high-quality product backed by our professional customer service team. We also offer priority shipping from our US warehouse, ensuring that your product will arrive quickly and securely.
In conclusion, the LawnMaster TE1318W1 Corded Electric Tiller is a powerful and efficient tool that is designed to make tilling your garden easy and convenient. With its 18-inch maximum cutting width, six rust-resistant steel blades, and lightweight design, this tiller is perfect for preparing soil for planting or for breaking up hard-packed soil. And with our commitment to customer service and support, you can trust that you are getting a high-quality product backed by a team of professionals.
Best Tiller For Breaking New Ground FAQs
Are there any specific types of tillers that are better for breaking new ground?
Yes, there are specific types of tillers that are better for breaking new ground. Rear-tine tillers are ideal for breaking new ground, as they have a powerful engine that can handle tough soil and a reverse gear that allows for easy maneuvering. Front-tine tillers are also effective, but they may require more effort to break up hard soil. It is important to choose a tiller with the appropriate size and power for the job at hand. Additionally, consider the width of the tiller, as wider tillers can cover more ground in less time. It is recommended to choose a tiller with adjustable tines, so you can adjust the depth of the tiller to match the soil type and condition. Overall, when breaking new ground, it is essential to use a tiller that is powerful, durable, and easy to maneuver.
How powerful should a tiller be for breaking new ground?
The power of a tiller required for breaking new ground depends on the size and hardness of the soil. A tiller with a horsepower of 3-5 is sufficient for breaking new ground of small to medium-sized plots. For larger areas with harder soil, a tiller with a horsepower of 6-8 or more is recommended. The width of the tiller also plays a significant role in determining its power. Wider tillers tend to require more power to break new ground effectively. It is important to note that the operator's experience and skill also affect the tiller's performance. Inexperienced operators may struggle with a more powerful tiller, while experienced operators may be able to handle a less powerful one. Ultimately, it is recommended to consult with a professional or experienced user to determine the appropriate power level for a tiller based on the specific soil and plot size.
What features should I look for in a tiller for breaking new ground?
When looking for a tiller for breaking new ground, there are several features to consider. Firstly, the power source – gas-powered tillers provide more power than electric tillers and are better suited to breaking up tough soil. Secondly, consider the tines – rear-tine tillers are more effective at breaking new ground as they have tines that rotate in the opposite direction of the wheels, allowing them to dig deeper. Thirdly, the width of the tiller – wider tillers will cover more ground, but may be harder to maneuver in tight spaces. Fourthly, adjustable tines can be helpful for changing the depth of the tiller, allowing you to break up soil at different depths. Lastly, consider the weight of the tiller – heavier tillers will provide more power, but may be more difficult to handle. Overall, a gas-powered rear-tine tiller with adjustable tines and a moderate weight would be ideal for breaking new ground.
What is the average price range for a high-quality tiller for breaking new ground?
The average price range for a high-quality tiller for breaking new ground varies depending on the size and power of the machine. Small tillers suitable for small gardens and light soil can cost around $200-$400. Medium-sized tillers with more power and versatility in the range of $500-$900. Large tillers with a high horsepower engine and capable of breaking through tough, compacted soil can cost anywhere from $1,000 to $3,000. It's important to consider the size of the garden or plot you'll be working on, the type of soil, and the frequency of use when choosing a tiller. Investing in a high-quality tiller can save you time and effort in the long run and ensure that you have an efficient tool for cultivating your garden.
Which brands produce the best tillers for breaking new ground?
There are several brands that produce high-quality tillers for breaking new ground. The first brand that comes to mind is Honda, which has a reputation for producing powerful and reliable gardening equipment. Their tillers are designed to handle tough soil conditions and can break through hard-packed earth with ease. Another top brand in this category is Troy-Bilt, which offers a wide range of tillers that are perfect for breaking new ground. Their models feature powerful engines, durable blades, and adjustable tines, making them versatile and capable of handling a variety of soil types. Other brands worth considering include Husqvarna, Mantis, and Earthquake, all of which offer quality tillers that are designed to tackle tough ground. Ultimately, the best brand for you will depend on your specific needs and budget, but any of these top brands are sure to provide you with a reliable and effective tiller for breaking new ground.


Thursday, 21 April 2016
GO MADIBA CAMEROON 2016
For the 6th consecutive year, we are happy to announce our upcoming project in Cameroon. This year focus will be given to Batibo, A village located in the North-West Region of Cameroon.
Batibo is a town in Cameroon, Africa. It is located along the Trans-African Highway, 27 miles west of Bamenda. Batibo is the economic, social, political and cultural heartbeat of Moghamo as well as the Greater Widikum tribe. Batibo, formerly referred to as Aghwi, is home to a people including farmers, traders, and craftsmen.
Batibo culture portrays itself in rhythmic music, traditional outfits, artwork, and folklore and traditional rites. Batibo is sandwiched between the savannah and the tropical forests. The transitional climatic and vegetation zones have endowed the people with subsistent and cash crops. Crops include yams, beans, corn, peanuts,cassava, potatoes, tomatoes, bananas and plantains. Also cultivated in Batibo are perennial trees that produce palm nuts, plums, cashew nuts, kolanuts, coffee and cocoa. Fruits and vegetables grown include pineapples, passion fruit, guava, sugar cane, monkey kola, berries, okra, Bitter leaf, leeks, oranges, avocados, water melon and pawpaw.


|Weed Control / Fertilizers
With regular applications of balanced fertilizer throughout the year, Lawn Raiders can give your lawn the nutrients it needs for optimum growth. These nutrients include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, each of which contributes significantly to the overall health of your grass. Nitrogen promotes foliage production, phosphorus encourages root and seed development, and potassium helps to hold water and maintain general vigor.
Left untreated, crabgrass and broadleaf weeds can crowd out the good grass that you want to have growing in your lawn. Not only will this lead to unhealthy turf, but it will detract from the looks of your property as well.
Lawn Raiders can perform regular inspections of your lawn for troublesome weeds. With pre-emergent treatments, we can help to stop crabgrass from growing in the first place. And with post-emergent treatments, we can keep broadleaf weeds such as clover, henbit, dandelion and spurge from gaining a foothold in your turf.
To schedule our Fertilization/Weed Control program for your lawn, or to learn more about the benefits of turf fertilization and weed control, give Lawn Raiders a call today.


William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute
Chazy, NY 12921
Recently, I was asked the question of whether you should worry about day-to-day variation in forage NDF digestibility. Like any nutrient, NDF and its digestibility may vary across days as the forage inventory is fed out. The important question is whether or not it pays to measure this variation on-farm. Does day-to-day variability in forage NDF and NDF digestibility influence the cow’s feed intake or milk component output, and if so, by how much?
We are concerned about variation in forage NDF digestibility because of the established relationship between NDF digestibility and cow performance. The figure below summarizes the well-known information from Oba and Allen (1999) that predicts a 0.40 lb/day increase in dry matter intake and a 0.55 lb/day improvement in milk yield for each one percentage-unit increase in forage NDF digestibility. It also shows the lesser known relationship from Minnesota researchers specific to higher corn silage diets (>40% corn silage in ration DM). In this case we expect a 0.26 lb/day increase in intake and a 0.31 lb/day boost in fat-corrected milk. So, variability in NDF digestibility can have a substantial impact on cow response – but is it necessary to be concerned about day-to-day variation?
Conventional wisdom tells us that cows will perform better when fed a consistent ration in a consistent environment – cows don’t particularly like change! Consistent feed, feeding environment, and feeding behavior ought to promote more efficient rumen fermentation throughout the day and more uniform delivery of nutrients to the cow. Interestingly though, at this summer’s ADSA/ASAS meetings in Kansas City an invited paper from Utah State University presented information showing that dietary variability actually stimulated feed intake in some ruminants such as sheep. Perhaps controlled ingredient variability, while maintaining overall ration nutrient profiles, might stimulate feed intake in dairy cows as well? Food for thought – no research to-date – and a topic for another time.
Reasons for Silage Nutrient Variability
True variation in dietary composition day-to-day does occur due to variations in:
- Forage nutrient composition as well as other feed ingredients,
- Inclusion rates of ingredients due to errors in weighing ingredients and mixing loads, and
- Physiochemical characteristics such as forage particle size, moisture, NDF, etc.
Forages commonly fed to dairy cows can vary substantially day-to-day and month-to-month. For example, Weiss et al. (2012) conducted a survey of farms across the US and found that the smallest range in day-to-day variation within a farm for DM, NDF, and starch in corn silage was about 4 %-units. But, the maximum range for DM, NDF, and starch within the data set was 12, 17, and 27%-units from day-to-day! This magnitude of variation presents a challenge to consistent nutrient delivery to the cow and her rumen.
What explains the observed variability in silage NDF digestibility day-to-day during feed-out?
- Sampling error: becomes more important as forage becomes more heterogeneous and more difficult to properly sample. For hay crop and corn silages, sampling variation comprises between 30 and 70% of the total within-farm variation for dry matter, NDF, and crude protein. In fact, sampling variation was greater than true day-to-day variation for corn silage NDF and starch content (Weiss et al., 2014).
- Lab variation: Hall and Mertens (2012) in a ring test with 10 labs found that the within-lab precision for 30-hour NDF digestibility values was ±5%-units.
- True variation in forage composition.
When we consider adjusting rations based on changing nutrient analyses we assume the variable analytical values are truly representing the forage being fed. But, Weiss et al. (2013) make the important point that excessive ration reformulation based on variable forage sample analysis can be a net negative unless the forage has truly changed. Has the forage really changed in chemical composition or has it only appeared to change? Continual reformulation based on presumed changes in NDF digestibility (or another nutrient fraction) will actually inject greater variation into the cow’s feeding program.
Does the Cow Respond to Diet Variability?
How does the dairy cow respond to transient changes in dietary composition day-to-day? A fundamental point to bear in mind is that her rumen contents do not completely turn over every day and consequently day-to-day variation in forage or diet composition is “buffered.” In fact, we have measured the mean rumen retention time of small, medium, and large forage particles in cows milking over 100 lb/day to be between 36 and 49 hours. So, you can see that the effect of each day’s consumed forage composition will be diluted by previous day’s consumption.
A series of research studies conducted at The Ohio State University over the past few years provides useful information to assess the impact of daily forage variability on cow response. For example, they found that transient reductions in silage dry matter percentage of 10%-units (as may occur during a rain event) did not negatively affect cows as long as adequate feed was provided. Providing adequate feed ensured that cows were able to eat sufficient dry matter despite the fluctuating moisture content of the silage.
The importance of ensuring sufficient feed availability is obvious in the case of variable silage moisture content, but it is also worth remembering for other feed fractions as well. In the face of variable silage quality, we should make certain that bunk management allows all cows in the pen to consume adequate feed. If forage quality is truly variable, and if the feeding environment promotes excessive competition, ration sorting, or bare bunks, then some cows (especially subordinate ones) will experience amplified effects of forage variations as they are forced to eat sorted-through TMR at less than optimal feeding rates and feeding times during the day.
Providing more feed should mitigate the negative effects of forage variability, but it will also drive up feed costs. Try to ensile forages such that the fed-out silage crop is as uniform as possible and that known variation within the silo can be accommodated. Targeting a feed refusal level of 3% may be needed on many farms to avoid restricted feed intake by subordinate cows within a pen – especially if any degree of overstocking exists.
Variable Forage Quality and Cow Response
One study conducted by Weiss et al. (2013) assessed the impact of extreme day-to-day variations in forage fiber and protein content. Forage variability was introduced by changing the alfalfa to grass silage ratio day-to-day although total ration forage content did not change. Varying the ratio of legume to grass changed the silage NDF content day-to-day and influenced the NDF digestibility day-to-day with 30-hour NDF digestibility varying by about 5%-units between the alfalfa and the grass. Cows fed the variable diets had greater daily within-cow variation in dry matter intake and milk yield, but their average intake and milk were similar to cows fed a consistent ration day-to-day.
Cows appear unaffected by fairly extreme daily variation in forage composition because this recurring dietary variation is mitigated by short-term mobilization of body reserves (Weiss et al., 2013). For example, on days when cows are fed lower quality forage dry matter intake is reduced but cows can mobilize body fat to maintain milk production. In contrast, on days when cows are fed higher quality forage, they eat more feed and produce more milk. Likewise, we would predict that, if cows are fed lower NDF digestibility forage one day, then intake would drop and cows would mobilize energy reserves. But, if NDF digestibility increased on a subsequent day then cows could consume more feed to compensate. Again, we see that feed offered must be adequate in order for the cow to consume more feed as NDF digestibility increases. If feed availability is limited, then she will be unable to compensate and the potentially negative effects of forage nutrient variability will be exacerbated. The bottom line is that cows appear to have the ability to essentially dampen the response to repeated daily bouts of variable forage NDF and NDF digestibility and associated transient reductions of energy intake.
Over time though, highly variable forages and diets (especially if feed availability is limited) could reduce body condition as the cow is repeatedly called upon to mobilize reserves in an effort to compensate for variable nutrient intake. Additionally, the negative effects of forage and diet variability are likely cumulative and so performance can be more severely impacted as time goes by. The magnitude of any cumulative effects over lactation remains unknown at this point because no research trial has investigated it.
Sampling Silages and Fiber Variability
Improper sampling technique biases the forage sample. The essential challenge in sampling forages is that they are very heterogeneous both physically and chemically. Too often, the sampling process on-farm does not allow us to differentiate between sampling variation and real day-to-day variation. We can expect to see true daily variation in silage DM, CP, NDF, and NDF digestibility due to multiple fields and (or) cuttings being present within a sampling period (i.e. one day’s worth of silage), to changes in the grass to legume ratio throughout a field, or to differences between corn or cereal grain hybrids ensiled in the same bunker silo. The forage sampling procedure must minimize error associated with collecting the sample so that we can accurately measure the variation in forage quality. Poor sampling technique can enrich or exclude specific types of particles. Common errors include pulling a handful from the silage face that leaves longer particles within the silage mass, having your palm down which allows small particles to drop from the sample, and not sampling vertically from a pile of forage since small particles migrate downward.
A thorough explanation of how to optimally sample forages stored as silage or dry hay is beyond the scope of this article, but the best recent publication is by Weiss et al. (2014). A subsequent article will delve more deeply into sampling forages.
Corn Silage is a Challenge to Sample
Corn silage can be the most difficult forage to sample properly and new approaches to silage harvest such as shredlage may contribute to even greater potential for biased sampling if not done properly. Corn silage is comprised of particles of cob, grain, leaves, husk, and stalks. The various plant components are located in forage particles of differing size, shape, and density. We need to minimize particle segregation during sampling to avoid biasing the sample. A good example of the expected variation in corn silage NDF and NDF digestibility based on variation in plant composition is shown in the table below from research conducted at Miner Institute in 2001. Corn hybrids that varied in the relative proportion of stover to grain, as well as NDF digestibility, could result in true variability within a day if ensiled together in a bunker silo.
If the corn silage sample contained greater or lesser amount of stalk than the true silage, you would end up with the sample information shown in the next table (adapted from Weiss et al., 2014). In this example, the silage samples would have a spread of 8%-units for NDF, about 3.5%-units for NDF digestibility, and about 7%-units for starch. Actual variation day-to-day in silage NDF or NDF digestibility would be exaggerated by this sort of biased sampling and could result in poor ration reformulation decisions.
True day-to-day variation in forage NDF and NDF digestibility can exist. But, we must be able to distinguish between this real variability and variation due to sampling technique or differences among labs. Although we don’t yet know the long-term ramifications of silage (and therefore diet) variability on dairy cow physiology and performance, it appears that at least in the short term cows are able to adjust to fairly sizable variations in NDF and NDF digestibility day-to-day. Research tells us that excessive ration reformulation in an attempt to compensate for daily variations in NDF or NDF digestibility can actually cause more variability in cow intake and milk yield responses.
Hall, M. B., and D. R. Mertens. 2012. A ring test of in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility: Analytical variability and sample ranking. J. Dairy Sci. 95:1992-2003.
Oba, M, and M. S. Allen. 1999. Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage: Effects on dry matter intake and milk yield of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82:589-596.
Thomas, E. D., P. Mandebvu, C. S. Ballard, C. J. Sniffen, M. P. Carter, and J. Beck. 2001. Comparison of corn silage hybrids for yield, nutrient composition, in vitro digestibility, and milk yield by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2217-2226.
Weiss, W. P., P. Yoder, L. McBeth, D. Shoemaker, and N. St-Pierre. 2013. Effects of variation in nutrient composition of diets on lactating dairy cow. Pages 142-152 in Proc. Tri-State Dairy Nutr. Conf. Fort Wayne, IN.
Weiss, W. P., C. Hill, and N. St-Pierre. 2014. Proper sampling and sample scheduling can prevent reduced milk yields. Pages 149-162 in Proc. Tri-State Dairy Nutr. Conf. Fort Wayne, IN.
Yoder, P. S., N. R. St-Pierre, K. M. Daniels, K. M. O’Diam, and W. P. Weiss. 2013. Effects of short-term variation in forage quality and forage to concentrate ratio on lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 96:6596-6609.
Dr. Grant points out that day-to-day variation in Forage NDF and NDFd can exist, but we shouldn’t necessarily chase it with ration reformulation.
As highlighted in the paper, research shows that increasing NDF digestibility will increase dry matter intake and milk production.
Amaferm improves digestion of forage NDF on average by 17%, regardless of the variability of forage quality or forage type within each data set.
Amaferm is a proven and cost effective way to increase NDF digestibility for increased milk. On average you can expect a 7% increase in milk production in early lactation.


I am growing some hydroponic chili peppers (pictured). However they are taking a very long time to grow. It is making me sad.
The larger peppers in soil pots in the back were started from seeds about 5 weeks ago. I repotted them from seed starter trays a couple of days ago. The ones in red pots are orange habaneros with seeds I bought at Ace Hardware. The ones in orange pots are supposedly Carolina Reapers, but I bought them from Amazon, which I have since learned is not a reliable place to buy superhot chili pepper seeds. Months later it may turn out that the seeds were actually for a different kind of pepper entirely, e.g. for jalpeños. I guess I will see what they really when the plants start fruiting.
The white plastic container in the middle is a DWC hydroponic system I built last week; the plants were started from seed between 3 and 4 weeks ago. The seeds are all from whitehotpeppers.com which comes highly recommended on thehotpepper.com, a forum dedicated to hot sauce and hot peppers I have found extremely helpful in my quest. These seeds are for the most part growing well if extremely slow, but I did manage to fry a few leaves by having the grow light too close to the seedlings and leaving moisture on the leaves after watering. Apparently water droplets on the leaves can act as magnifying glasses. Lesson learned – I am now carefully wiping any moisture off of the leaves after watering. I think the peppers should bounce back.
In the DWC system I’m using a RO water with a low concentration of Clonex Clone Solution and Hydroguard to promote healthy and rapid root growth. PH is adjusted to 6.0. While the leaf growth above the surface has been like watching paint dry, the roots are growing nicely. I guess that’s just how nature works.
Check back soon for more exiting updates about Cam’s indoor pepper garden.


The state weed law requires the Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board to develop a state weed list every year. The list is divided into three different classes of noxious weeds, reflecting different control priorities. Because prevention or control of early infestations is the most cost-effective, the highest priority goes to controlling noxious weeds with the most limited distribution, the lowest to those that are the most widespread. Over a hundred and forty plants are on the Washington State Weed List (PDF).
County weed boards are also required to develop their own list annually. The county weed list (PDF) must include the highest priority noxious weeds (Class A and B designates), but the county weed board may also select additional lower priority noxious weeds for mandatory control. The Board encourages citizens to help set reasonable local control priorities and policies by participating in the development of the county weed list during the annual public hearing, and by attending board meetings which are held every other month beginning in February.


Season Dove Lease availalbe. You may lease out one spot as an individual or entire field as a group. No war zones on opening morning, all of our fields are private and strictly managed to prevent over hunting. Limited amount of hunters will be allowed on each lease, on average 1 hunter for every 10 acres will be allowed and absolutely NO day leasing or guiding on these properties. Lease holders are the only individuals that will have the hunting rights for dove season. We have three sunflower fields available for this coming season. Hewitt 100
Private Season Dove Lease Located halfway between Dallas and Austin right off I35. This field is planted in 100 acres of commercial sunflowers. Field will be harvested before season starts. Good mature tree line on West side of the field. Great area and great crop for producing quality dove hunts throughout the season. This would make a perfect field for a private group or corporate field for up to 10 hunters.
$400/hunter https://threecurl. Com/hunts-and-leases/hewitt-100-central-texas-dove-lease/
Another great dove lease just outside downtown McGregor. Historically this area is well known for dove hunting and white wing flyway. You don’t want to miss out on this wone. This 300 acre lease is planted in 130 acres of commercial sunflowers and 170 acres of grain corn. Both crops will be harvested prior to opening day. There are several tree lines surrounding the property and easy access off gravel road. We have high expectations for dove production off this lease.
Max of 20
Commercial sunflower field available in Central Texas for season dove lease. This lease is located West of McGregor, Tx. This area is known for heavy dove traffic and white wing flyway. This 286 acres lease is made up of 140 acres of commercial sunflowers that will be harvested before opening day, and 146 acres of grain corn. Good tree lines for shade, easy access of country road with gravel road access to fields.
Max of 20
|Location||Mclennan, 76657, Texas|
To contact this lease or guide, and to get early access to hundreds of exclusive hunts, please sign up to become a Premium Member. We’ll send you the member only hunts, professional hunting tips, deals on hunting gear, and much more. Click the orange button below...Sign Up for Premium
|McGregor, 76657 Texas||County: Mclennan|


A Parable of Fruit and Thorns
A black raspberry bush grows by my garden gate. I worked hard to compose that sentence. Originally, I had written, “I have a black raspberry bush,” but that implies an ownership neither the bush nor I feel. I planted it years ago, one of my first efforts at creating a food-producing, nourishing landscape. Mostly, the plants died. Blueberry bushes, the soil amended and fertilized, withered as I watched. Red raspberry canes did slightly better, but didn’t produce much fruit and eventually dwindled away, forgotten.
But the single black raspberry cane I planted, 4 feet from the gate, looked around at the location I had selected for it and decided it could do better. Within a year, it had migrated 3 feet toward the gate and spread its branches up and out.
The first year it spent relocating and growing and didn’t produce so much as one berry. Black raspberries are a 2-year project as they only produce on second year growth. I probably could have trimmed it back, forced it to the spot I wanted it to be, but watching the other fruit plants die had made me nervous about messing with something that was clearly working even if I didn’t think the spot was ideal.
And work it did. The second year, I collected handfuls of raspberries.
“Ew. These are sour,” one child commented, lips puckering as she looked for a garbage can.
Although they looked ripe to me, after tasting one of my hard-earned prizes I decided they were completely unusable. Sort of like gooseberries. Unless the cook adds a lot of sugar, they aren’t good for much.
It grew so adamantly I couldn’t bear to dig it out.
“After all,” I thought, “it clearly wants to be here.” Good gardeners don’t anthropomorphize. I’m not a good gardener. I’m a hopeful gardener, a multiple-chance-gardener, but not a good one.
One vine became two, then several. Over the course of the spring, it sprouted offshoots and I called them ‘babies.’ Hopeful, remember, but not good.
The leaves of the black raspberry hid our resident snake I gratefully let stay. She ate the mice that came with the garden. But the vines themselves? Oh, those vines. Those pernicious, attacking vines. I would come in from the garden with scrapes along my hands, up my arms. I pulled souvenir thorns out of my fingers, the tweezers searching through raw skin to find the offending bit. I began to hate that plant.
The third year I harvested only tiny, hard berries. Third year growth, it appears, does not produce better berries. In fact, it’s a dance. The plant only produces good berries on second year growth. “Finicky little jerk,” I swore. “That’s gratitude for you. I let you stick around and you spit in my eye.” I know. Too much emotion wrapped up in one little raspberry cane, but I had, literally, bled for it, so I felt entitled to a little gratitude.
In a fit of frustration and as a last stand, I trimmed back the old vines, allowing the young, perky ones to shoot up. They took over the gate, which by that time had broken anyway, and began sending out feelers to close the gap. I tied them up, encouraged them to work their way back down the fence toward the street. But they persisted. By the time I woke up in the morning, they had untethered in a rebellious, exuberant display. Eventually, I used a MacGyver combination of twine and tomato tape that locked the vines in place, picturesque green against white pickets. I loved them. I took a picture. They never produced fruit. So, I thought, I have a choice. Unruly and productive or tame and fruitless.
By mid-summer, the berries looked ripe but I had learned. I watched birds eat their fill from the berries at the top while I waited. I harvested tomatoes, zucchini, and the first of the autumn potatoes and I waited. When the vines began to cover the entrance to the garden, I did two things: I began to harvest the hidden fruit and I snipped back the plucked-bare branches.
We ate berries by the handful. My youngest would come home from preschool and we’d sit in the driveway at noon, purple fingers and purple mouths, laughing as we sucked berries off our fingers. I would reach into the plant gingerly and pull out two berries, four, sniff their almost-wine scent, heady with the joy that is release from school, release from have-to-do’s.
Over the years, my children have learned to pick the fruit themselves, waiting until the birds finish off the top layer, gently pulling the dark purple berries from the vines. They come in with wounds from the thorns, but the sweetness of the fruit makes up for the damage.
But this isn’t about my children. It’s about how I’ve learned to navigate, even love a bush that isn’t easy. It isn’t that I don’t recognize the risk to my own skin; it’s just that I think the risk is worth it when I taste the fruit.
If you ask me what I like most about my garden, I won’t tell you about the black raspberry vine. I’ll tell you about the peace of gardening, about contemplating hope and faith as I dig out a bed for the Spring, put it to sleep in late Autumn with frost on the green tomatoes. I’ll tell you, laughing, that I love how absent my children are when I mention I’m going to pull weeds and how that time is sacred to me, sun burning my shoulders, dirt in my nails. I’ll tell you how I appreciate the sweetness of the potatoes I pull from dirt I hauled, remembering my two oldest children rolling in the mound as I piled shovelful after shovelful into a wheelbarrow that now sits, broken, alongside tomatoes. I’ll tell you how we all smelled of manure when I carried them inside, one in each arm, their hands clinging to my sweaty middle aged waist. I’ll tell you of standing with them in the shower, the three of us pretending we were mud monsters while I scrubbed their hair. I’ll tell you how I can still hear their shrieks as I tickled their toes with the rag and we slid around the soap-covered tub.
Those are the beautiful, shareable moments. But the thing I also know, the part that’s more difficult to explain, is the extra sweetness that comes after wading through thorns, learning to allow a vine to grow while still maintaining a necessary gate to the garden. I also remember the years of frustration, cushioned in the hope that this vine, this angry, cutting vine, would one day be the most adored plant in my garden. And, as my children can tell you, it is. It hasn’t given up its out-of-control reaching for the wrong side of the yard, but some gentle pruning after it produces fruit keeps it in check. It hasn’t dropped its thorns. On the contrary, I swear they grow sharper every year. But, if you come just before Autumn, as the weather grows tempestuous and unpredictable with alternating storms and heat waves, I’ll show you how to harvest a berry or two. We can coat our fingers in their sticky juice and call ourselves blessed to have such a plant in our vineyard.


A lot of people think that horses just need a field with some grass in it to be happy and thrive. This isn’t quite true. Horses like a big field with some grass in it to run around in and to enjoy a good grazing session in. That is very true. It is also true that horses will need more than just a field of grass to be well nourished.
Good grazing material, or forage, needs to grow on fertile ground with just the right amounts of nutrients for it to thrive. For a healthy, happy horse, the forage should be a mix of legumes like clover or alfalfa and grasses like timothy or Kentucky bluegrass. Of course, being in Texas, it’s Texas bluegrass down here. This natural blend provides the optimal mixture of nutrients and minerals. Most horses will also need a salt lick or mineral block to round out their daily munch.
Good hay will be just like what is found in a good pasture. It will be green and have young tender grasses and baby seed heads full of nutrients. It will be a concoction of plants to provide all the necessary nutrition. Straw is different from good hay. It will be tougher, older grasses and doesn’t provide much nutrition. Sometimes straw is fed just to provide fiber with grains. It is mostly just for bedding down my horses on the farm.
Grains are denser calories for horses. Oats are the most popular grain for horses. They are high in fiber and easy for a horse to digest. Corn is the second best grain to feed a horse. It provides up to two times as much energy to the horse as oats but is low in fiber. It is easy to overfeed corn and make a horse fat. Barley, wheat and beet pulp are other things that are sometimes fed to horses along with forages to round out a meal.
Mixes are popular on the farm. COB, or corn, oats and barley, is often fed to mothers and growing horses to keep them in condition. Sweet feed, in particular, is a favorite treat. This is a mix of grains and molasses that is like a healthy cookie for horses. Speaking of, my horses enjoy a treat from time to time. I like to give carrots and apples and other healthy snacks in moderation.
An adult horse can eat nearly 3% of her body weight daily in dry food each day. A foal eats even more, up to 4% of his weight a day. Food is not something my horses like to skimp on! The horses need to have at least 50% of that food from forages. They never get any less than 1% of their body weight in food from forages, no matter what. A hard working horse will also get grains or horse pellets to help them keep up their good condition. Growing horses and pregnant mares will need more calories and special attention to their nutrition, just like human children and mothers.


Uzbekistan scientists received a patent for gene-knockout technology
Egypt and the Russian Federation issued a patent to scientists of Uzbekistan for knockout (switching off) of cotton genes technology, the press service of the Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences reports.
This fact is another recognition of advances in high technology. Notable, not all countries can develop modern molecular technologies and the fact that our scientists have received a patent for a modern innovative technology abroad indicates a huge potential. Earlier, the US Patent and Trademark Office issued a document for this project.
Our scientists developed the technology in 2008, and further research with state support led to the creation of high-yielding, early ripening, long-fiber, drought- and salt-resistant biotech cotton varieties of the Porlock series based. The technology made it possible to simultaneously improve several agronomically valuable cotton traits, which was not yet in the world history of plant breeding and genetic engineering.
Porlock fiber is sold at 12 percent more than conventional varieties, and there is high demand for them in the global market. In 2018, the seeds of this variety were planted on an area of more than 60 thousand hectares in the country.
Iceland decided to install a memorial plaque to 70…
The glacier has already melted, but the memory of it will be immortalized.
A tourist park will be created in the mountains of…
The construction of a mountain park worth $ 2 million began in the village of Chopik
A native of Uzbekistan was not indifferent to the …
20-year-old Uzbek boxer Danil Yuldashev helped get people out of the bus, August 17 ha…
The Culture and Arts Development Fund under the Ministry of Culture is implementing a …
Ministry of Education on Telegram
The Ministry of Public Education created the UzEduBot bot in the Telegram messenger


- Manganese fulfills important roles in plant metabolism, especially in the following processes:
- Activation of certain enzymes
- Nitrate reduction
- OLIGO® Mn 2.0 uses a carbon based complexing agent that does not burn leaf tissues
- Density: (1,2 kg/L)
It is known that applications of OLIGO® Mn 2.0 will help reduce the levels of nitrate in leaves and fruits, allowing for a better utilisation of available nitrogen.
Crop susceptible to manganese deficiency:
Oats, wheat, celery, conifers, cucumbers, crucifers, spinach, strawberries, raspberries, beans, lettuce, alfalfa, melon, barley, onions, peas, peaches, leaks, potatoes, apples, radish, soybeans, tomatoes, clover.


This is my third year to plant daffodils. In 2010, I planted daffodils around a tree in our front yard. In 2011, Micaela and I planted daffodils in one of the flower beds in our backyard. And now I have gone bananas! Micaela and I have planted about 300 bulbs in every pot I own and sparatically in our remaining flower beds. Not all the bulbs are daffodils, I've added dutch irises, tulips and hyacinth and paperwhites. We'll see how they come up. For now I am staring at pots of dirt with mulch on top!
I am most excited about some different daffodil varieties in some little pots. I got these special bulbs at North Haven Gardens when I attended a Texas Daffodil Society meeting. I picked the bulbs with cool names and pictures of more unusual flowers-- I am still learning so we'll see what comes up. If you look beyond the pots on the table in this picture, you can see a pot on the ground that already has some leaves starting to sprout through the mulch, I am so excited!
Thanks for stopping by!


The goal of this project is to develop and evaluate commercially feasible bioplastic cropping containers that will fulfill all of the functions of petroleum-based plastic containers without their drawbacks. The biopolymers are being prepared from numerous biorenewable proteins, natural oils, carbohydrates, and composites of these and other natural materials. We are also considering the use of recently developed natural oil-based coatings to enhance water resistance and longevity of containers constructed from proteins, natural oils, carbohydrates, and other composites.
Thirty-four different types of biorenewable polymers and composites are being screened to evaluate their potential for use in container crop production and to determine the rate of biodegradation in soil under landscape conditions. These containers are made from a variety of biobased materials including soy protein, wheat starch, two commercially available plant starch-based plastics PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates) and PLA (polylactic acid), and natural fibers (wood, paper, and coconut husk). PHA and PLA were also blended with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), corn stover, and nano-clay to form biocomposite materials.
Plants from the trial are being transplanted in a garden plot at the Horticulture Research Station to assess the long-term growth and health of plants produced in biobased containers. The landscape trial will allow us to evaluate the biodegradation rate of containers and to quantify the plant growth benefit from containers as they degrade in the soil near the plant roots. In additional trials, two species of plants are grown in containers for eight weeks, as we look more closely at water use efficiency and the fertilizer effect provided by container degradation during greenhouse production.
James Schrader, Gowrishanker Srinivasan, Samy Madbouly, Kyle Haubric, Kunwei Liu, David Grewell, William Graves, Michael Kessler


Soul Growers Winery ,
About Soul Growers Winery
Soul Growers is the work of four good mates; David ‘Westy’ Cruickshank, Paul Heinicke and the Lindner brothers, James and Paul. Together,we share almost 80 years wineindustry experience and have benefited from the knowledge generously shared with ...READ ABOUT Soul Growers Winery...
Soul Growers is the work of four good mates; David ‘Westy’ Cruickshank, Paul Heinicke and the Lindner brothers, James and Paul. Together,we share almost 80 years wineindustry experience and have benefited from the knowledge generously shared with us by some of the Barossa’s pioneers and legends.We stand for everything that is great about the Barossa; shared wisdom, new ideas, mateship and a passion for making and enjoying great wine.With this in mind, we strive to make sure Soul Growers wines emphasise the regional and varietal flavours of our beloved Barossa Valley.
The essence of what we strive for is to ensure a lifestyle that is good for the Soul; wine, food, family, music, mates and fun.“Truly hand made through small parcel, open fermentation and basket pressing. No fining and no filtration.” Our winemaking style is hands on, using traditional techniques with minimal handling. Basket-pressed and open fermented, with no fining or filtration, we ensure the essence of the region and our vineyards is captured in each Soul Growers wine. This was recognized when we were voted one of the top ten new wineries in James Halliday’s Wine Companion 2007.
Soul Growers Vineyard
All Soul Growers fruit is sourced from our own vineyard as well as a select group of growers that represent a vast array of terroir and Barossa sub-regions, with vine age up to 125 years. Sourcing fruit from across the Barossa Valley floor and out to the high country of the eastern ranges of Eden Valley, means our wines reflect the layers of flavour you would expect when these sub-regions unite, achieving depth, richness and complexity.


72" Skid Steer Soil Cultivator Light Duty Hydraulic Roto Tiller
The Garden Tiller will make short work out of all of your tilling needs. Perfect for gardens, food plots, landscaping or any other application. It is one of the most popular power tools among home gardeners and small landscaping companies, who use it primarily for tilling garden and lawn areas.
These tillers have a bi-directional rotation and can till ground up to 6”deep. Our Tiller is 72" wide, with 4" cut depth, and bi-directional tiller rotation for different types of soil. The bidirectional rotation saves time and labour as it allows you to quickly pulverize soil and cover your tracks. The garden tiller can be used on uneven terrain, but it requires careful operation and proper adjustments to accommodate different slope angles.
Whether it is spring, summer or fall planting, this 72 inch gear driven Tiller will help you prepare your soils for planting. It ideal for preparation of seed beds, renovation of pastures, orchards, vineyards and mulching-in cover crops. A garden tiller is also an effective way to eradicate overgrown weeds from a patch of land you plan to plant on.


Ever since my days living in the West Indies, I have been fascinated by the giant perennial grass called sugar cane.
Many homeowners already have this tropical grass happily growing in a corner of their lot. It is hard to imagine that a “seed-piece” of sugar cane planted in the garden will produce a two- to four-pound stalk with
15 percent sugar content in about 12 months. Careful attention to planting and growing sugar cane will reward your sweet tooth with a special home-grown treat.
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Latest statement: For an efficient and area effective insect protection
The German Advisory Council on the Environment, together with the Scientific Advisory Board on Biodiversity and Genetic Resources at the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture launched a statement entitled ‘For an efficient and area effective insect protection’.
The two organisations, state that insects are essential components of ecosystems. They provide many services on which we rely and from which we benefit every day, for example the pollination of crops or biological pest control. Data shows a serious loss of insects, the most species-rich class of animals. A further loss of insects and thus fundamental ecosystem services would have far-reaching negative consequences, also for human well-being as well as the environment.
The decline is the result of complex, often cumulative factors. Agriculture is a major contributor to this decline. Two of the most important reasons are the widespread and increasing impoverishment of the landscape structure and the input of nutrients and pesticides. In order to stop the loss of insects, the use of plant protection products and nutrients has to be reduced and monotonous landscapes have to be enriched with small structures such as hedges, trees and field margins. Furthermore, extensive grassland needs to be protected and used sustainably. Read More


What We Do
Our name says it all. We provide advanced crop solutions for local farmers. As a Distributor for Federal Hybrids, Blake Wulf will help you choose the right seed for your acres. Federal Hybrids provides industry-leading seed corn, soybean, alfalfa, and organic varieties specifically selected to thrive on your farm. Our solutions don't end there. Once your seed is in the ground, let our 360 Yield Center products go to work for you. We are available to help you choose the right crop management tools from 360 Yield Center's lineup of groundbreaking solutions.
Learn more about Federal Hybrids >
Learn more about 360 Yield Center >
With more than five years of experience in the seed industry, Blake Wulf is prepared to help you choose the right hybrids for your farm. He enjoys creating lasting relationships and is passionate about finding solutions that improve your bottom line. Blake has also completed extensive training with 360 Yield Center's products and looks forward to sharing his knowledge with you. Blake was raised on a farm so he knows first-hand the hard work and dedication it takes to run a successful farming operation.
Are you looking for an exciting, fast-paced, and fulfilling career in agriculture? Look no further! We are always looking for motivated individuals to join Blake's team as a Federal Hybrids Seed Dealer. You will have access to Federal Hybrids' stunning lineup of seed varieties as well as support from Blake and the team at Federal Hybrids. Set your own schedule. Six figure income potential. Excellent compensation package.
Interested? Contact Blake today to learn about this exciting opportunity!