Strawberry: wild strawberry - Russia.
Do you want to learn about the strawberry plant Russia? If you are seeking knowledge or information about the strawberry fruit or strawberry plant, you’ve landed in the right spot! This site (Nursery strawberries Julia Russia) will provide as much information as possible to help you understand the intricacies of strawberry plants.
We are passionate about everything related to the strawberry plant here. We hope that passion shines through. We are glad that you have found us and hope to be able to serve your informational needs. We want to see more people gain a respect for and interest in strawberry plants. If you have a question about the strawberry plant or the delicious fruit they produce, feel free to ask!
How the Strawberry Plant Page Works Russia.
This main Strawberry Plant page Russia serves as a hub for everything related to the strawberry plant itself. It covers the basic information needed to familiarize you with the strawberry plant. The basics of strawberries and the plants that produce them will be explained in the top part of the page, and a directory of links to pages with more detailed or complex information on strawberry plants will be included at the bottom.
On this page you can find basic information about scientific classification of strawberries, strawberry plant anatomy, the history of strawberry plants, strawberry plant diseases and pests, the nutritional value of strawberries, and more! If the answers to your questions about strawberry plants aren’t explained in the sections below, there is a good chance that the linked pages will contain the information you are seeking.
There is a wealth of strawberry plant information here, and there is much more that will be added. So, the links at the bottom will be updated with new information regularly. We will stop updating when there is nothing left to write about the strawberry plant! Again, if you have a specific question about strawberry plants, feel free to use the comments or the form on the About page to ask.


Latest FAO Food Price Index and AMIS Market Monitor Released
In January 2018, the FAO Food Price Index rose by 1.8 percent from its end-of-the-year levels. This increase was driven mainly by a sharp rise in dairy prices, as well as slighter increases in vegetable oil and sugar prices. The Index remained 2.2 percent below January 2017 levels, however.
The Cereal Price Index rose only marginally from December 2018 due to increases in rice and maize prices. Poor weather conditions in South America contributed to increased maize prices, while strong demand and a firming Thai bhat drove rice prices up. However, the Cereal Price Index reached 11.5 percent higher than its January 2018 levels, due to lower 2018 production, tightening export supplies, and firm global demand. FAO also cites the absence of several market reports from the United States, due to the recent government shutdown, as an explanation for the relatively quiet market in January.
The Vegetable Oil Price Index rose 4.3 percent in January, the second consecutive month of increases. Palm oil prices were the primary driver due to declining production in several major producing countries and strong global import demand. Demand for South American soybean oil also drove up the price for that commodity.
The Meat Price Index remained unchanged in January, while sugar prices rose 2.4 percent. The Dairy Price Index, on the other hand, shot up by 7.2 percent due to limited export supplies from Europe and an anticipated decline in exports from Oceania in the coming months.
The latest edition of the AMIS Market Monitor sees a positive forecast for global commodities, despite weather concerns in the southern hemisphere.
The 2018 forecast for global wheat production was increased this month, but wheat crops are still expected to remain well below the records seen in 2017. Increased feed use in Australia supported higher forecasts for 2018-2019 utilization, but overall trade forecasts fell slightly due to lower import prospects from several regions. Forecasts for 2019 ending stocks rose due to revisions from Canada and the Russian Federation.
Higher forecasts for production in the EU, Nigeria, Ukraine, and the Russian Federation lifted total maize production expectations. Maize utilization and trade prospects also rose, due to higher feed use and strong import demand, respectively. Larger maize inventories in Argentina, the EU, Nigeria, and the US led to higher anticipated 2019 ending stocks.
Forecasts for 2018 rice production rose due to increased expected yields in China and higher anticipated plantings in Pakistan. Per capita food use for rice is expected to rise slightly, driving up 2018-2019 utilization rates; 2018-2019 rice trade is also expected to increase as a result of stronger Chinese exports. Higher inventories in China and India are expected to raise 2019 rice ending stocks.
Soybean production forecasts for 2018-2019 fell slightly this month due to poor weather conditions in South America. Soybean utilization rates remained unchanged, while forecasts for 2018-2019 trade fell slightly due to anticipated reductions in Chinese exports. Lower expected inventories in Argentina, Paraguay, and China reduced prospects for 2019 ending stocks.
Global fertilizer prices either fell or remained stable in January. Weak global demand and lower natural gas prices drove down ammonia prices, while weaker demand led to a decrease in urea prices despite lower Chinese exports. Lower natural gas prices also contributed to a slight decline in the price of DAP, as did reduced seasonal demand from some countries. Potash prices have remained steady since September 2018.


Signify introduced Philips GreenPower LED toplighting Compact at Cultivate 2019. The new grow light is 1-to-1 high-pressure sodium (HPS) replacement and allows for the easy switch from HPS to LED toplighting.
The compact, passively cooled LED toplighting compact fits seamlessly in existing HPS set-up and trellis constructions, saving time and money on installation. The toplighting compact replaces 1,000-watt HPS lighting while offering the same amount of light and consuming 40% less power.
Owing to the optimised design of the wide beam optics, the LED toplighting compact offers excellent light distribution for most greenhouse configurations, including high-wire crops. Besides vegetables and flowers, it’s also an ideal option for growers of medicinal cannabis
Also, another light, Philips GreenPower LED production module 3.0 was also unveiled at the same show. For growers that use multilayer system to grow lettuce, basil, or other vegetables or fruits, the GreenPower LED production module 3.0 can optimise the lighting in sole-source growing environments.
The unique combination of high light output and wide beam optics means growers can install 50% fewer modules. Operational costs are low thanks to the production module’s robust design, high energy efficiency and long lifetime.
The controllable versions of the production module 3.0 allow colour and light levels to be adjusted and can be used with the GrowWise Control System, as a stand-alone lighting application or integrated into a greenhouse climate computer. Growers can count on consistent production with the very high light uniformity, day after day.


Thank you to Lucky’s Market of Savannah for picking SUGA for their Bags of Change campaign for their first quarter. For every reusable bag you fill up at checkout, they give a wooden dime to donate to one of the local partners. SUGA received $964.00 – that covers the cost for 2 months of salary for the garden manager!
School Garden Manager Statement of Purpose
By hiring and implementing a School Garden Manager, SUGA’s goal is to increase the use of existing school gardens into the existing everyday curriculum by alleviating the time constraints that basic garden maintenance demands from the teachers. Benefits of a successful School Garden Program A comprehensive amount of research has shown that garden-based learning contributes to increased nutrition awareness, environmental awareness, learning achievements, life skills, health and wellness. The proliferation of school gardens has led to an abundance of existing and reviewed curricula, making it easy for teachers to incorporate this dynamic learning environment into their class schedules and lesson plans. Purpose of Program This proposal increases the viability of school gardens by addressing some of the most prevalent factors that contribute to the failure of school gardens. The time, knowledge base and experience necessary for the implementation and regular maintenance of a school garden are often beyond the scope of the teachers or volunteers who wish to utilize a school garden for educational purposes. Often, this leads to the physical deterioration of the garden, resulting in the inability for its continued integration into curricula. Given SUGA’s previous success in the facilitation of a garden manager at the West Broad YMCA, a clear precedent has been set on how a third party organization that possesses the combined experience and knowledge base, is best suited to implement and administer a Garden Manager Program; thus alleviating the burden from the SCCPSS board and staff. Background Information The mission of the Savannah Urban Garden Alliance (SUGA) is to increase access and awareness to local, healthy food, one garden at a time. We are cultivating a gardening movement in Savannah’s communities through outreach, education and support. SUGA provides interactive children’s exhibits and workshops throughout the year at area events, in addition to conducting educational and community building events of their own. Current initiatives include a garden tool drive that will result in the distribution or loan of tools, for free, to area gardens. SUGA also hosts a monthly networking event for gardeners and their supporters, building awareness and community amongst area gardens. The SUGA website continues to develop as an online resource, mapping resources and area gardens, offering a forum for increased and curated information exchange, and newsletter for current events. Scope of Work Duties of the School Garden Manager will include, but not be limited to the following:
- Review applications for participation in the program and offer recommendations for review by the SUGA Garden Committee.
- Consult with school staff or counterparts on the resources needed to maintain the garden. This may include procurement, construction or repair of garden resources; such as irrigation, water catchment systems, beds, planters, compost bins, etc.
- Consult on a production schedule, i.e. the planning of crop rotations, indicating when to grow and harvest crops.
- Consult on the purchasing of additional materials.
- Maintain garden beds (fertilizing, weeding, watering)
- Oversee the general quality of the garden and identifying problems—insects, weeds, diseases—and finding solutions to the problems.
- Consult or oversee the harvesting and preparing of produce for market or consumption.
- Plant and maintain cover crops as other crops stop producing.
- Plant propagation as needed.
- Maintain regular communication with any entities with whom the garden works, including the school faculty, PTA, and other organizations who benefit from utilizing the garden.
- Additional provisions to be included in the Contractors Agreement, signed and agreed, between SUGA and the SGM.
The SGM will not provide any educational programing at participating schools, nor will the SGM provide financial support or materials related to the construction or repair of a school garden. Outcome and Performance Standards Gardens included under the program will be sufficiently maintained to increase their viability by addressing all factors likely to contribute to failure. A minimum of one working visit per week to maintain and monitor the garden is required. More visits may be required to water the garden, depending on the type of watering system and the level of involvement with the teachers and students. A minimum of two working visits per week during three the school breaks (Fall, Winter, Spring) is required, as well as one working visit per month during the summer break. All work must be coordinated with school representatives to ensure that it does not interfere with teaching schedules. SUGA will directly evaluate the productivity of the SGM via site visits, as well as through feedback provided by school representatives. Term of Contract Position runs April 1 to Dec. 31. $300/a month per school Awarded Contract SUGA awarded the School Garden Manager contract to Victory Gardens for the 2016 contract period. We are looking forward to reporting back about the progress of this manager soon!


Turf Hound Aerator
I believe the Turf Hound aerator is an excellent device to have. I would extremely suggest it to any individual looking for an option to gas-powered aerators or anybody looking to conserve cash this period.
It is extremely simple to make use of and resilient. I struck a couple of roots and rocks that I could not press into and there was no damage to the Turf Hound whatsoever.
Turf Hound aerating Tips
Put on work gloves when making use of the Turf Hound. In a 1,000 square foot location, with an objective of 18 holes per square foot, you will certainly be pulling up on the Turf Hound 9,000 times.
If you're making use of the aerator and you do not see the plugs being ejected out the top, your soil might be too damp. If you discover it's too tough to aerate, your soil is most likely too dry.
If they're not, the holes in the aerator might have obstructed up. If you're working with excellent soil wetness material, this will not occur frequently. This is really essential, since if the holes get obstructed, you're not aerating, you're in fact pressing the soil down and condensing it.
Attempt not to flex over while making use of the Turf Hound. I'm over 6' tall and I want the turf hound might be simply a little bit taller. If I make use of 2 hands on the Turf Hound I wind up having to flex over, which makes utilizing it a little bit more hard.
Take care of roots and rocks. If one side of the aerator strikes a rock, root or other blockage that avoids it from going all the method into the soil, it will certainly end up being unequal and if you're not focusing, can trigger you to lose your balance. Exactly what I discovered finest was to keep both feet grown securely on the ground up until the Turf Hound dug in, then raise my other foot so my weight was on the Turf Hound to assist drive it in additionally.
The Turf Hound is covered with a corrosion evidence covering, however I discovered that it began to put on away after its very first usage. I make sure I let it dry in the sun prior to I put it away.
Ways to Use a Turf Hound Aerator
The Turf Hound could not be easier to utilize. Put your dominant foot on bench in between the 2 cores. Support it with your had and you're basically simply strolling your method to a much healthier yard.
I was able to do about 100 sq ft in about 10 minutes, making use of a tight hole pattern. It had not been laborious, however as I discussed previously, if you're tall, you desire to keep and attempt from flexing over. I discovered that I just required to utilize my hand to assist support it, so I was able to utilize one hand, which kept me from flexing over.


For those of you who don’t know about genetically altered food or GMOs, some large companies have altered certain foods such as corn, soy, and wheat (among others) in order to be pest resistant. These types of manmade plants are genetically altered from the seed and don’t reproduce. This doesn’t include the amount of pesticides sprayed onto the crops by men wearing protective jumpsuits to shield them from the toxicity of the chemicals.
As an organic gardener, I believe this year is the time to put your flowers and gardens first and protect our Earth. Gardening is healing for your mind, body, and spirit, as well as Mother Earth (and I can’t stress enough how much healing she needs right now!).
If you don’t have much space: Grow flowers in flower pots that will attract bees and butterflies, such as Purple Coneflowers, Bee’s Friend, and Lupine. I have also seen a few “do it yourself” projects using logs as planters by chopping out the middle and filling it with potting soil. This is a free and easy way to grow flowers, vegetables, or herbs without tilling up the land.
If you do have space and want to start a garden: Start small and work your way up. Do some research first, and then plan it out. Your main goals are to: draw in bees and butterflies, make sure all of your plants support each other, and repel unwanted insects all at the same time.
Start a compost pile for fertilizer. Then, look into companion planting, which is when you can place plants together as a support system, such as tomatoes and peppers, and never plant squash or cucumbers together because of the pests it will bring. Many herbs and flowers will also repel insects and grow well beside vegetables.
Rather than grabbing the nasty pesticides that end up in your food, try something natural:


Did you know that the pansy is a symbol of love and admiration?
Given all the hurt and sorrow in the world right now, might we consider balancing our feelings of pain and grief simultaneously with feelings with hope. What can we use to help us focus on hope? Flowers. Each flower holds symbolism. Research has proven that flowers have a positive effect on our emotions. Why not create wild flower bouquets or make a point of purchasing flowers whether for a vase indoors or in our gardens?
Growth brings hope and excitement. It is spring and our communities are in full bloom. Why not take advantage of this with your children? If your child is reluctant to study why not get them planting seeds. They can be planted in small peat pots from the Dollarstore then placed by a sunny window. The children can water them, watch them grow, measure them, then replant then in garden soil or larger pots. Children can then experiment with seeding basic scraps from produce that we eat. The plant growth can be graphed. The children can research the symbolism of the flowers or plants. If the plant supplies a food source you can eat it prepared for dinner, how fun!
We can also use plants to experiment. Celery can be used to with show how water is sucked up by placing the celery in water coloured by food colouring. Or, we can use potatoes to create a battery! There are so many resources just with a google search and click.
Let’s turn to our earth and plants to heal.
Dazzle’s Challenge: Write a poem about your gardening project or about the spring flowers.
Quick Take Away Links:
Growing plants from food scraps
Research on the powerful effects of flowers
All flowers have meanings
Great spring art and craft ideas
Science experiments with fruit and veggies


Hello! Robin and Jonas here, the creators of Punta Lunga.
We are a couple of university students in CA who in between classes and study have discovered their passion: the cultivation, farming, and cropping of marijuana. But, we had never considered starting to cultivate seriously (yet).
We are interested in cannabis for both recreational and medical purposes.
You can also call it cannabis, marijuana, pot, weed, ganja, hash, reefer, 420, grass, whatever will also be fine, we aren’t picky.
We always enjoyed their consumption with friends, colleagues, mostly at home. In the case of Robin, the consumption of marijuana is also due to their medicinal capacities (motorbike accident).
Our interest in indoor cultivation was developed thanks to a lot of online research, some valuable insights and recommendations from colleagues, and guides that demonstrated the benefits of their practice.
However, it was not until two years ago when Jonas appeared with a LED grow lamp in my house. A moment in which we decided to embark on the adventure of home farming.
Since then we have planted, grown and enjoyed many grams of homemade marijuana. Learning in the process the techniques and the way to obtain the best results.
Given the good results of our crops, we decided to share it with our friends and with the growers we met in the mythical farming forums.
We did not think of a better way to do it than through a website/blog. And that’s how Punta Lunga was born, the place where we would write our experiences and our pieces of advice.
So if you are a beginner, you have never cultivated marijuana at home, or you already have the knowledge and want to refine your technique, make yourself comfortable because you are at home.
Mi casa es tu casa.
As or the name Punta Lunga, which translates into something like “long tip” from Italian, came from a camping site we were staying when the idea came up.
Curiously, we still get emails from Italian campers looking to book and enjoy some relaxing nights among nature. If they only knew our backyard if far closer to paradise…
We were having a blasting time smoking marijuana with some friendly French girls. So nice that Jonas is now studying in Spain with one of them.
Let’s just say the name sounded perfectly adequate.
Welcome to Punta Lunga! Enjoy…


Child of the Earth
|Child of the Earth|
|Series||Nature's Candy Series|
|Location||Cavern of Chaos (Sublevel 3)|
|Treasure Value||40 Pokos|
|Max. Carriers||25 Pikmin|
"Today, buried in a deep hole, I found a vegetable that I'd never seen before. This dark-dwelling vegetable stores all of its nutritious energy in its roots. The ship named it Child of the Earth, and I think it's fitting."
"This plant has grown fat on the blessings of the land. Its nutritional value must be high! "
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On the other hand, 80% of the 3 billion people surviving below the poverty threshold live in rural areas and have increasing difficulties in feeding themselves. There are ways and means to boost yields of the main crops; despite the constraints of land and water, fertilizers and pesticides are available and although the concerns of the critics of modern agriculture may be understandable, the reaction against intensive farming is not always justified. Since then, the irrigated area per person has been shrinking by 1% a year . Collective infrastructures have also been planned: a library, a recreation area, a medical center, an electricity grid, a drinking-water supply system, and roads. Now they face another major hunger threat in the form of desert locusts. Famine implied that at least 20% of households faced extreme food shortages, with limited ability to cope. Aligning foreign assistance with country-led strategies for agricultural growth is the most effective approach to achieving results for vulnerable smallholder farmers, their families, and their communities. Part of 'However, Africa has to recover from 25 years of structural adjustment policies and six severe droughts’ . The RECs, moreover, need to work to promote the commerce of ideas flowing around Africa so that lessons from one region can be shared with another. During that G8 meeting, heads of states and governments made the commitment to gather US $22 billion (€16.8 billion) over 3 years in order to struggle against food insecurity. 1 and 5) , M. Jones added that Africa’s green revolution cannot be the same as that of Asia. statement and The government announced an 'action plan’ to cancel the rise in utility tariffs for the poorest, to reduce the price of rice and sugar, in addition to cancelling the 30% rise in bread prices forthwith. Of the total of underfed people in the world, at least one-fourth live in Africa. Regarding Africa, at the African Green Revolution Forum, held in Accra, Ghana, at the beginning of September 2010, and where several hundreds of ministers, entrepreneurs, representatives of agricultural organizations and international bodies, bankers, and experts were present, it was stated that there was a renewed interest in agriculture. Some of the most dynamic approaches to solving maritime security problems worldwide can be found in Africa. One group argues that high and volatile prices will make the task harder and that more needs to be done to boost supplies through the spread of modern farming, crop research, and food processing in poor countries. Food security for Africa: an urgent global challenge. Albert Sasson. The…, Strategies Sought to Reduce African Food Insecurity, US Sends Elite Disaster Experts to Respond to Ethiopia Drought, Study: African Crops Threatened by Climate Change, Mobile Phone App Pools Money Spent by Poor for Clean Water, UN: 34 Countries Don't Have Enough Food for Their People, US Marks 400th Anniversary of Arrival of First Africans, The Dragon's Reach - China's Economic Power Play. The aim is to enable farmers to meet their own needs and to sell their surplus on the market. 'Since 2000, there has been more awareness of the need to support agriculture,’ stated Mamadou Cissokho, honorary president of the Network of Farmers’ and Agricultural Producers’ Organizations of West Africa (Roppa). That is why the promoters of free trade demand the opening of countries to imports of food, considering that consumers worldwide have the right to purchase their foodstuffs at the lowest cost possible. Maize is one of the most important crops in Africa, supporting the sustenance and livelihoods of over 300 million people. In sub-Saharan Africa (and South Asia), a high proportion of female teenagers aged between 15 and 19 years are suffering from anaemia (the highest rate of 68% is registered in Mali) and weight insufficiency (47% in India), while male teenagers of the same age are suffering less from these ailments. 2010, Hervieu S, Van Eeckhout L: Le sud de Madagascar est menacé par la famine. It combines drip irrigation, vegetable crops, fruit trees, and the communitary sharing of costs . United Nations’ officials warned that unless urgent action were taken, the areas afflicted by famine would expand, that is to all eight regions of southern Somalia, within 2 months, due to poor harvests and infectious disease outbreaks. Regarding consumption, which can be forecast with some accuracy, the predictable rise in the world’s population, from 7 billion by the end of 2011 to just over 9 billion in 2050, is the equivalent of two extra Indias. Food insecurity (the inability to meet basic food needs) and hunger (the painful sensation caused by lack of food) are issues of growing concern nationwide. 2008, 2-no. A striking example of food riots and popular uprisings due to the increase in food prices is that of Mozambique. Reverchon A: Replacer les agriculteurs au centre du développement. Since the 2008 food crisis, it is indeed true that volatility of food prices has become an important feature of the global situation. Terms and Conditions, They ought to be protected against climate risks. In 2014, about US $3 billion are expected to be invested in sub-Saharan Africa by the IFC, and mostly in agrifood projects that will consist of producing more staple foods and transferring them locally. 2008, 14: 4-, Méhaignerie P, et al. Thus, the IFC has funded and advised societies which linked 13.5 million new consumers to the electricity grid and 47 million people to a mobile-phone company, and which created 161,000 jobs in 2010 . Investment in EbA is one of the most important keys to job creation opportunities that simultaneously contribute to poverty eradication and to sustainable long-term food security. Food insecurity is one way we can measure and assess the risk of hunger. Food insecurity is not just about insufficient food production, availability, and intake, it is also about the poor quality or nutritional value of the food. Also, the use of fertilizer is crucial: Africa uses, on average, 8 kg of fertilizer per hectare, which is very little; if this amount could be increased to 30 kg, this would change the face of agriculture’ . Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world, where more than 50% of the population was less than 18 years old in 2009 and where 85% of teenagers were living in rural areas. Over the period 2007–2010, prices were more volatile than they had been for decades. On September 14, 2010, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) published its estimates concerning the number of people suffering from hunger in 2010: 925 million. Helen, who herself has experienced food insecurity as a refugee, believes this is one of the most important issues facing Nobel Peace Prize winner World Food … A consensus seems to be achievable, as satellite technologies and other methods are now available for measuring those emissions. The vaccination rate was 41% in the south of the country, compared with 88% (average) in the rest of the country. They also were the first victims of policies of structural adjustment, carried out since the 1980s to save African states from bankruptcy . This is particularly true in sub-Saharan Africa, which needs and wants to make its own green revolution. But it failed in Africa. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is bringing its expertise more than funds (US$30 million). Drought is not exceptional in the Horn of Africa, but 2011 was different: recurrent droughts were more frequent since the 2009 episode and plant regrowth was almost impossible. In April 2011, at the peak of the intercrop season, it was forecast that some 6,700 children would suffer from severe malnutrition and would eventually die, according to the United Nations Children’s Fund’s (UNICEF) representative, Bruno Maes . The least food-secure countries include The Central African Republic, Chad, Yemen, and Madagascar. They do not have enough money, or the resources to grow food, and regularly go for more than a day without food. Can Africa cope with global climate change using the means existing under the Kyoto Protocol? African agriculture cannot compete with such imported products due to a number of handicaps, like weather vagaries, soil degradation, ineffective road networks, lack of a cold chain, and lack of access to information on markets. 98 percent of these people, live in developing countries with 63 percent in Asia and 25 percent in Sub Saharan Africa. The purchasing power of people has almost become nil . Journal of College & Character, 15(4), 265-272. Santé, education, violences: les adolescentes perdent sur tous les tableaux. The worst-affected areas were also the poorest in the region. The cooperative’s objective was to cultivate 300 hectares in 2012 thanks to the use of machinery, and later on, to export the products to southern Sudan, Germany, and the United Kingdom . Worldwide governance must highlight sustainable agricultural development via the WTO’s negotiations on agriculture (Doha round), and the impact on developing countries of subsidies aimed at supporting exports of agricultural commodities. The latter should remain the top priority, had said the president . But that is still less than half as much as the rise in food production in the 44 years from 1962 to 2006. Perhaps the trendiest and most innovative approach to solving food insecurity is agrihoods. Most of its 20 million people live on less than $1.25 a day. Their study, published in January 2011, has shown that the health of boys and girls was similar in normal situations, but differed when access to healthy food becomes difficult . Ecological methods can help solve food insecurity issues Using ecosystem-based approaches can provide sustainable food sources and reduce impacts of climate change East Africa is a region beset by climate- and conflict-related shocks. Association Citoyenne de Défense des Intérêts Collectifs, Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa, Economic Community of West African States, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Fondation pour l’agriculture et la ruralité dans le monde, International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Project for Agricultural Development and Rehabilitation of Rural Roads, Network of Farmers’ and Agricultural Producers’ Organizations of West Africa, Van Eeckhout L: En 2010, la faim a un peu reculé dans le monde. 2011, Hervieu S: Au Kenya, les fermiers abandonnent le maïs pour le manioc. Not only did the producers follow the NGO, but consumers did too. “You want to grow a variety of crops.” A third of all people living in sub-Saharan Africa face severe food insecurity. the average level of food insecurity and at whether that food insecurity is widely experienced or concentrated in certain groups (Reenock, Bernhard and Sobek, 2007; Østby, 2008). Over the 2 weeks before the United Nations’ statement, the United Kingdom had pledged an estimated US$145 million (almost 15% of what was needed), the European Union around US$8 million, Spain nearly US$10 million, and Germany around US$8.5 million. The end of the era of cheap food has coincided with growing concern about the prospects of feeding the world. These methods include the exportation of better farming equipment, the use of more pesticides and herbicides, and the widespread use of GM seeds used to grow crops in large quantities. For instance, on August 25, 2008, the United Nations’ humanitarian coordination in Chad announced that about 30,000 persons had been affected by floods in the south of the country. If we include the 1 billion people who are now starving, the additional mouths to feed over the next 40 years add up to three extra Indias. The African Union, in December 2006, expressed its concerns regarding the slow progress in the implementation of the commitment made in 2003 by each member of the Union to devote at least 10% of its national budget to agriculture and rural development over 5 years . In sub-Saharan Africa, food insecurity is a major concern, as shown by the following very disturbing examples. 2011, no. That was a time when hundreds of millions of people fell into poverty, food riots were shaking governments in many developing countries, exporters were banning grain sales abroad, and agricultural lands were purchased or rented by rich grain-importing nations in poor agricultural ones . Le Monde. Table 1. I thank Jessica Mnatzaganian for her superb work preparing this manuscript. The riots left at least a dozen dead and more than 400 injured. In order to be able to develop research and to build up regional markets, locally grown food crops need protection at the countries’ borders.’ This viewpoint is a major divergence with those who make a strong plea for the liberalization of trade. Boys were generally fed first and received food of better quality. In July 2003, at their summit in Maputo, Mozambique, the heads of the states and governments of the African Union made a commitment to double the part of their domestic budgets devoted to agriculture by 2010–2011, so as to reach 10%. These imports were threatening Cameroon’s producers and were jeopardizing the national economy, as well as the health of populations. The threats are known: salinization of soils; increase in sea levels and catastrophic floods; desertification; loss of tropical forests and of the associated biological diversity; overexploitation of farmland and pastures; water scarcity; urbanization and large-scale engineering works. Commitments were made by the heads of states and governments of the African Union to double the part of their domestic budgets devoted to agriculture in 2010–2011, so as to reach 10%. Brown LR: World facing huge new challenge on food front. For all developing countries, these figures were 2,660 and 0.49%, respectively, and 2,670 and 0.56% for the Asia Pacific region. In general, the people who lives in South Asia, West Asia and Sub-Saharan African may have the most insecurity about food. In many of these countries, political instability is a major contributor to hunger among residents. It was not therefore possible for several developing countries’ governments to supply cheap food to their city dwellers. They had already done so regarding bananas: a number of Latin American countries are big producers and exporters of bananas; a tariff is imposed on the fruits imported by the European Union countries, whereas this is not the case for bananas imported from Africa or the French Antilles . 2008,http://www.earth-policy.org/plan_b_updates/2008/update72, Earth Policy Institute, Plan B Update, Tuquoi J-P: Au Maroc, l’augmentation du prix du pain provoque des manifestations. In order to keep up with population growth, farmers will have to grow more wheat and maize over the next 40 years than was grown in the previous 500. It is also necessary that international donors fulfil their commitment to help African farmers and rural communities and protect them against unfair trade, competition, and dumping of cheap agrifood products from overseas. Around 12 million people were suffering from starvation in the Horn of Africa (Somalia, Ethiopia, northeastern Kenya), stricken by the worst drought in the past 60 years, announced the FAO on July 12, 2011. Parts of Kenya had a bumper harvest, leaving non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to wonder why the government’s strategic grain reserves were so low. Protect the environment and mitigate the impact of human activities on the environment. The revision of the agreements was necessary because the preferential tariffs granted exceptionally by the WTO were to expire in 2008; beyond this date, it would be illegal to maintain them, and they could be the target of an attack by competitors of ACP countries, such as Latin American ones. The Africa Food Security Leadership Dialogue (AFSLD) is a joint Initiative by the African Union Commission (AUC) supported by the African Development Bank (AfDB), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), and World Bank (WB) to catalyze actions and financing to help address Africa’s worsening food security … Inflation was endangering the life of the poorest sections of the country’s population and was also exacerbating the discontent of people against the governments. This chapter will discuss the effects of water quality and scarcity with respect to food security in Africa. To reverse this trend, farmers and pastoralists need technology to help rebuild the social networks that form the basis of agricultural resilience. Thierry Tanoh, the IFC’s vice-president since 2003, stated in this respect: 'Why would Burkina Faso, which exports its herds on hoof and loses during the journey one-fourth of the meat weight, not instead create in Ouagadougou a slaughterhouse with the required norms so as to export packaged meat in trucks?’ It is true that the cold chain is not guaranteed because of the lack of electricity, a real plague throughout the continent. This suggested that the world could not even feed its current population, let alone the 9 billion expected by 2050. The Campaign for a Healthy CUNY. Further to the appeal made by the Republic’s president to 'win the battle for food self-sufficiency’, the minister of agriculture and livestock husbandry stressed that the mindset should be changed while becoming aware of the wealth represented by agriculture. Leaving behind women and children, men were migrating to the north of the country, where they hoped to earn more money. According to the World Bank, another 44 million people living on less than US$1.25 per day had fallen into extreme poverty between June and December 2010 because of the increase in food prices. Food insecurity has emerged as a global crisis following the global economic meltdown.1 According to the 2004 report of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on the state of food insecurity in the world, more than 814 million people in developing countries are undernourished.2Of these people, 204 million live in countries of sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa. On November 1, 2004, US$766 million had been collected, 67% of which was provided by domestic budgets in the developing countries. However, this tariff remained very low because the CEDEAO member states made the commitment to open up their markets within the framework of negotiations with their creditors, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund, on the alleviation of their debt. 2011, Lacey M: High food prices incite rising anger. 10. If you do not produce food in the first place, there is nothing to protect.". M. Annan: “il ne s’agit pas seulement d’assurer la sécurité alimentaire, mais d’exporter”. 61, French Research for Development Institute, IRD, Journal, Faujas A: La Banque mondiale investit dans l’agroalimentaire en Afrique subsaharienne pour contenir la hausse des prix. This figure was below the 1,020 billion in 2009, but it was higher than the number reached before the 2008 global food crisis. So were 533,000 refugees in the overcrowded Dadaab camp near the border with Somalia (as of July 14, 2011). In Yemen, food riots turned deadly, taking at least a dozen lives [10, 12]. As Western countries are reluctant to dismantle their trade barriers that protect their farmers against global competition, which led to the interruption in July 2006 of the WTO’s negotiations on liberalization of trade, African states want to set up or strengthen barriers to enter their own agricultural markets. The WFP, which wished to raise the number of receivers of urgent assistance from 80,000 to 200,000, was seeking funds. Many were those who underlined the lack of investment and long-term planning by the Kenyan government for the northeast of the country. For the actors in this group (food companies, crop breeders, and international development agencies) the green revolution of the 1960s was a stunning success and needs to be followed by a second one . 'Even those districts which were considered granaries are now hit by food insecurity,’ as stressed by the representative of the WFP in Madagascar, Krystyna Bednarska . According to Mamadou Cissokho, 'The agreements of the World Trade Organization have resulted in the elimination of tariff protection at the frontiers; African countries import up to 40% of their food, and they have neither a regional nor continental market. The spike in food and oil prices (due in particular to the popular uprisings in North Africa and the Middle East) has led the World Bank and its subsidiary, International Finance Corporation (IFC), to strengthen their policy of giving a top priority to sub-Saharan Africa regarding their investments into agrifood projects. As an example, he indicated that in 2010, 11 African governments were investing 10% or more of their national budgets into agriculture. On August 26, 2008, at a GEF meeting held in Cotonou (Benin), the French minister of ecology, Jean-Louis Borloo, made a strong plea on behalf of the French presidency of the European Union for an alliance between Europe and Africa during the negotiations on climate change. ACDIC also helps define a national agricultural policy. Their production costs are higher than for imported food, whose dumping prices discourage them from producing more . Some 50 people were wounded and dozens of food rioters were arrested. Abhijit Banerjee of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Economics, stated 'We live in a world that is capable of feeding every person that lives on the planet. 2007, I, Clavreul L: Bernard Njonga: “il faut des subventions pour que les paysans investissent”. A few days before, the WFP had estimated that, in this region, 10 million people needed food assistance. The FAO’s Stephanie Gallatova says a third of the food produced on the continent is lost before it is consumed due to poor storage facilities, resulting in it rotting or pests feeding on it. Kempf H: L’agriculture africaine veut faire sa révolution verte. Soaring world food prices had made matters worse. Food insecurity as a student issue. After having declared that the increase in bread price was 'irreversible’ during an extraordinary meeting, the government called off the increase and apologized, saying it had never authorized the use of lethal force. This Fund was created in 2008 by the state and it aims to support agropastoral production and fisheries, and to assist the commercialization, storage, and transformation of all relevant products. 12. "When I come here and the tomatoes have high [good] price], for sure I make money; but, the market has no fixed price with tomatoes," said Chikwanha. In Maputo, the capital, and other cities of this southern African country, on September 1, 2010, people took to the streets after the government announced a 25% to 30% increase in the price of bread for the following week. It is not easy to correlate these events with climate change, but they enable the experts to forecast the dangers and threats of climate change in Africa, which produces only 5% of the world’s emissions of greenhouse-effect gases . In 2006, ACDIC launched a campaign on food sovereignty and collected the written support of citizens for subsidies to farmers. Global food supply is not even. 2007, 2007: 22-, Rémy J-P: Des hausses de prix déclenchent des émeutes sanglantes au Mozambique. By early September 2011, in Montpellier, south-east France, during the Conference on Agricultural Research for Development of the G20 (attended by the member countries of the G20, international organizations and French research bodies, including the Research for Development Institute (IRD)), Monty Jones, president of the World Agricultural Research Forum, executive director of the Africa Agricultural Research Forum, and World Food Prize 2004 Laureate, stated: 'Nowadays, 20% of Africa’s population is underfed or malnourished and its population growth rate is the fastest in the world, 1.8 billion or even 2 billion people in 2050. Bill Gates is convinced that food security is more complex than aid to healthcare, because in that case, one needs the cooperation of local governments. There is a correlation In December 2010, Bernard Bachelier of the Fondation pour l’agriculture et la ruralité dans le monde (FARM) published a study on the prospects of genetic improvement of crops tolerant to drought. Their claims are directed to the World Trade Organization (WTO) with a view to changing the rules of world trade, and also to encourage governments to adopt agricultural policies that support local producers. The FAO listed over 30 countries for which the soaring price of food has been dramatic: in Africa, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d’ Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Mauritania, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zimbabwe; in Asia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Iraq, North Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and East Timor; in Latin America, Bolivia, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Nicaragua; in Europe, Moldavia and Chechnya (Russian Federation). Le Monde. The aims are to increase the harvests of cereal, horticultural, and fruit crops through the introduction of higher-yielding varieties; to develop livestock husbandry (small animals and poultry), fisheries and aquaculture; to control insect pests and parasites of plants and animals (for example planting Bt cotton in South Africa and Burkina Faso); to improve food-safety standards so as to facilitate the access of produce to international markets; and to strengthen infrastructures that are needed for marketing products at competitive prices. That happened in 2007–2008, and was occurring again in 2011. 2007, 1-2. no. In 2005, the International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD) followed suit; 800 researchers have been involved under the aegis of the United Nations and the World Bank; their work ended in 2007 . Springer Nature. Consequently, the Republic of Congo spent about 130 billion CFA francs (about €20 million) in 2010, that is the equivalent of all the salaries or wages paid by the state, to import the food and commodities needed to feed 4 million inhabitants . This looks paradoxical because the country receives an abundant and regular rainfall, and has about 12 million hectares of arable land of which only 2% are exploited. Institutions remain weak (129 th) with insufficiently protected property rights, high corruption, and undue influence.In addition, the security situation remains dire (139 th). The medical journal The Lancet reckoned that people needed no more than 90 g of meat a day. Another development tool is the Project for Agricultural Development and Rehabilitation of Rural Roads (PDARR), which has received €14.5 million and intends to enable poor rural populations to draw more substantial income from their production through the supply of technological tools, the purchase of equipment and inputs at lower prices, and the building of market infrastructures . Fanzo et al. Food insecurity describes a household’s inability to provide enough food for every person to live an active, healthy life. Nigeria – now Africa’s Largest economy – continues its downward trend and falls seven places to 127 th this year, largely on the back of weakened public finances as a result of lower oil exports. However, in a world market dominated by large agrifood companies and by the subsidized agricultures of Western countries, agricultural and food prices have been, since 1990, on a downward trend. Using HFIAS, the majority of the farming households were found food insecure. 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Project : Entrepreneurial Ideas
Action : Social Business, Business Plan
Team 8: Stoica Ileana - Romania
- Catela Anastasia - Greece
- Wardzińska Marta - Poland
- Basik Adam - Poland
- Nutu Mihai - Romania
- Dąbrowski Damian – Poland
Our business is a social business, which is in a form of a farm producing products and selling them to the market.
The social impact is hiring poor people, mostly unemployed or homeless, and pay them the minimum wage and we give them products from the farm, for themselves and their families.
The name is «Euforia Farm» which has a double meaning.
It is an Ancient Greek word that means fertile ground and the other meaning is an emotional condition in which a person experiences intense feelings of well-being, elation, happiness, excitement and joy.
In our Marketing Strategy we analyzed the 4Ps.
The place will be Eforie Nord, Romania.
The place has been selected for three basic reasons.
First of all, there are many poor people in the area, which reveals the great social impact that out social business would have. Moreover, there are many available fields and this could be a significant matter for the expansion of the farm. Finally, the region of Eforie Nord is cheap and we can set our business easier.
Euforia Farm will produce entirely bio products divided into four main categories. The weather conditions are generally cold, and that’s why we’ve chosen to produce product that can grow or be made in the area.
• Vegetables: tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, onions, carrots, potatoes.
• Trees: peach trees, apple trees.
• Animals: pigs, sheep, chicken, goats (for meat).
• Other Products: goat milk, sheep milk, cheese, butter, yogurt, sheep wool.
The promotion of our products and services will be made in many ways.
Firstly, we will organize study visits from schools in which we will educate children on growing vegetables and animals. We will set supermarket stands where consumers can taste our products and also advertise the company and the products using the social media, as well as announcement on the local newspaper for free.
Finally, we are going to organize an annual event, where people can taste our products as well as meet the people who work in the company. There also will be a charity box for those who want to help them regardless of their salary.
Τhe price of the products sold in the market will be a little more expensive than the common products because it is for a social cause.
We decided to price our products 10% higher than the similar ones in the market.
Our sales plan is to sell our products in supermarkets and at the local open market.
We will use paper bags with our logo on it, in order to be recognizable.
We plan also to have some special stands at the supermarkets where people can taste out bio products and then choose them in contrast to other brands.
Finally, we will have special offers for restaurants and of course great discounts for our regular customers in the form of coupons.
The activities start in February. The first activity is buying the seeds, the trees and the animals.
February, March and April are the months for planting the trees and the seeds for vegetables.
The months that the vegetables grown at the farm will generate an income for the farm are June to August.
The fruits will generate an income in autumn, and the other products like milk, cheese, butter and eggs will generate a small income throughout the year.
In the first year the farm will be able to sell meat and living animals starting from November that will be the moment when the business will start to grow.
Working on the flipchart presentation…
Our entire team with the project organizers! Euforia Farm!


Winter is almost here! It won’t be long before we have to light the fire and turn on the heat. Here in the South, we are pretty lucky that we rarely see snow. But that doesn’t mean we have it easy when it comes to maintaining our yards. We still have to take very cautious measures to ensure our grass comes back long and lush in the spring. Here are a few tips to keep your grass alive during one of the most critical times of the year.
Start preparing in the fall.
One of the most common misconceptions about winter lawn maintenance is that it starts in the winter. Truly, the best way to prepare your lawn for winter is to begin in the fall. As soon as the weather starts getting colder, your grass is already changing and, if not properly maintained, is starting to die. If you neglect your lawn in the fall, it surely won’t make it past the first week of winter.
Rake the leaves.
You must remove all the leaves from your lawn as soon as possible. If you wait to rake and let the leaves sit too long, eventually a rainstorm will hit and create a mess of your yard. When leaves become wet, they will take a very long time to dry after. They become soggy and heavy on top of the soil, preventing any oxygen from entering. This will kill the grass underneath and serve as a breeding group for mold, insects, and other small animals. Pro tip: If you have a big lawn, consider buying a vacuum system and collection bags for your mower to save you time and energy.
Fertilize your lawn twice a year.
As a rule of thumb, we recommend you fertilize your lawn every spring and fall. That is because your lawn is doing the most growing during these seasons. If you only manage to get around to it once a year, fall fertilization takes priority.
Mow on the lowest setting.
During the winter, the sun’s UV rays are not as strong. This makes it harder for sunlight to reach the soil through the grass. By mowing on the lowest setting, you are making the grass shorter than usual and allowing more sunlight to infiltrate the soil. While mowing low is dangerous every other time of year, as you could end up burning your lawn to a crisp, this is conversely one of the best ways to maintain a thriving lawn all winter long.
Aerate if needed.
The soil aeration process consists of perforating the soil with small holes. This allows for water and nutrients to soak their way into the soil and get absorbed into the roots of the grass. In addition, aeration activates the fertilization process in conjunction with the oxygen and water. Similar to fertilization, the best time to aerate is during your lawn’s peak growing seasons.
If your lawn is looking sparse or dull, overseed can reinvigorate it. Overseeding is the process of planting grass seeds directly on top of existing turf without breaking any ground. It results in greater grass thickness and coverage, which is especially great if your lawn has a lot of bare spots. It is best so overseed in the mid to late summer months in order to give the lawn enough time to regenerate before winter comes. When selecting an overseed product, make sure you buy the right kind that matches your lawn. Most likely, if you live in the south, you will have a “southern grass”, such as bahiagrass, bermudagrass, centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass, or zoysiagrass.
Continue to water.
Any temperature above freezing allows for growth. That being said, watering your lawn is still important, especially during the fall and winter when it may not be getting as much water from precipitation. The best time of day to water is in the morning when the air is cooler and less likely to cause evaporation. There is also less wind in the morning, so droplets have a better chance of staying put and getting absorbed into the soil.
Control weed growth.
The best way to keep your lawn weed-free is by allowing it to grow thick and full. If weeds are a problem in non-grass areas of your yard, such as flower beds, consider applying mulch. You can remove the weeds by hand, making sure you get the full root, or you can use a weed-killing spray. Getting rid of weeds in the winter is the best time to prevent them from coming back in the spring.
If you follow these simple tips, you will be able to keep your lawn looking great all year long. It may take some time and energy, but it will end up saving you in the long run because you won’t have to replace your entire yard with new grass. Lawn care really depends on your area, so it is always best to seek professional help to avoid mistakes and receive the best guidance.


The main objective of the project is to advance the development of the AONIR prototype into a viable and marketable product.
AONIR is a platform based on near-infrared spectroscopy for on-line, real-time characterisation of food production. Currently, a first prototype of this platform has been realised and tested in a dairy industry. Despite the promising results obtained, the prototype needs to solve several problems, as well as further testing in real environments before the product reaches the market. This will be the role of AOTECH GALICIA S.L. and for this purpose the parent company ADVANCED OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES will transfer the knowledge accumulated in the initial phases of the project.


Is your lawn developing unfortunate bald spots? Did your grass go from lush jungle green to crisp patchy brown in a matter of days? Advanced Irrigation has a solution for that. Our business focuses primarily on restoring faded lawns and providing commercial and residential irrigation installation in Cocoa, Florida. When the Sunshine State casts a little too much sun on your property, contact us at 321-687-0400 for:
Unfortunately, a large portion of your community’s reclaimed water is used for landscaping and irrigation. Owner Jeff is a reclaimed water specialist and will not only explain how to incorporate reclaimed water into your daily routine, but also how to implement an irrigation system that stabilizes its effects. Contact Advanced Irrigation for more information about our reclaimed water efforts in Cocoa and Rockledge.
Jeff is Irrigation Certified. IR #155


Did you know Mexico is the "cuna de cacao" (birthplace of cacao)?
Cacao, the 4,000-year-old tropical plant, is one of Mexico's greatest gifts to the world.
The history of cacao can be dated back to the Mayan and Aztecs' time, when cacao was used to make chocolate beverages. The cacao beans were ground by hand and then mixed with water, ground corn and chile pepper, often flavored with vanilla or so
HACCP is a management system in which food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical, and physical hazards from raw material production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution and consumption of the finished product.


Fruit and Plantation Crop Production in the Philippines (Reprint)
This book covers two highly diverse groups of horticultural crops commercially grown in the Philippines; namely: Fruit and Plantation Crops. It provides basic information about the crops and presents the state of the art in growing them. It is written primarily to provide an answer to the long-felt need of agricultural college students for a comprehensive textbook for an undergraduate course “Principles of Fruit and Plantation Crop Production” that has long been taught in the University of the Philippines Los Baños. Graduate students who need basic theoretical background in fruit and plantation crop production will find the book a useful reference material for advance courses in crop science and agribusiness. Several other groups of readers such as professors, horticulturists, environmentalists, researchers, agricultural officers, development workers and consultants as well as growers should also find this book of value to their respective endeavors.


Organic lawn fertilizers have brought new choices to owners who want each a green lawn and a green life-style. The most typical form of chemical air pollution occurs when it rains, and the artificial chemical fertilizers get washed out of the soil into the rainwater runoff. Taking a have a look at the benefits and downsides of natural fertilizers you'll be able to determine if the advantages of natural supplies outweigh the potential drawbacks. Inorganic fertilizers have many advantages over natural fertilizers; firstly they aren't bulky and act fast. As is normally the best organic fertilizers utilizing natural fertilizers will once again yield a sluggish release into the soil and can alter the rising period of your crops. On the other hand carbon just isn't normally a component in the primary chemical structure of inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are well-liked because they're the eco-pleasant selections, but they are also better for the soil and for plant progress over the long term. The first most important reason for that is these fertilizers have a very gradual launch.
They contain up to 25-35% of phosphorus and if there is an ample amount of rainfall these fertilizers end in long rising and wholesome crops. These fertilizers are considered sluggish-launch as a result of it takes longer for soil microbes to launch the vitamins so the plant can take in them. Fertilizers produced from organic materials comprise carbon and either one or more of the essential plant nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. One distinct benefit of natural fertilizers is that they naturally comprise matter that is helpful to both vegetation and soil. While both kinds of fertilizers benefit the expansion and life of your crops when used properly, they will also be highly detrimental to your plants when they are used improperly. To compensate the loss fertilizers are utilized to the soil, these fertilizers then present the plants with all of the vitamins that they require. We hope this article has answered a few of your questions about organic fertilizers.
The most typical type of chemical air pollution occurs when it rains, and the artificial chemical fertilizers get washed out of the soil into the rainwater runoff. Taking a look at the advantages and downsides of organic fertilizers you may resolve if the advantages of natural supplies outweigh the potential drawbacks. Inorganic fertilizers have many advantages over organic fertilizers; firstly they don't seem to be cumbersome and act quick. As is most often utilizing natural fertilizers will as soon as once more yield a gradual release into the soil and will alter the growing interval of your crops. On the other hand carbon is not normally a component within the primary chemical construction of inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are fashionable because they're the eco-friendly decisions, but they're additionally better for the soil and for plant growth over the long term. The first most necessary cause for that is these fertilizers have a very gradual release.


Monday, September 12, 2011
My Uncle Michael loved to work in the yard. In fact, he was a self-described fanatic!
He was the first person I knew who had his own fertilizer cart and had a flawless bluegrass lawn. I was four years old when I first saw him work with his cart and I remember asking him what he was doing. He stopped and explained why it was important to "feed the lawn" on a regular basis to keep it healthy.
When my cousin was assigned the chore of mowing the lawn, my uncle insisted he mow one direction and then the other so there were diamond shapes in the grass. My cousin inherited his father's love for the lawn...as an adult, he spends hours fertilizing it, killing weeds, and making it beautiful and healthy.
My Dad liked to pick on his younger brother Michael. He knew how important that lawn was to him, but he still liked riding our horse (her name was Lucky) across Michael's front lawn. You can imagine how exasperated Michael became when he saw Lucky's hoof prints in his beautiful green turf!
If a healthy lawn and garden is important to you, you know how necessary regular maintenance is. September is the best time for planting grass seed -- early enough in the season for seeds to germinate and grass to grow before those cold winter temperatures settle in. At The Green Thumbers, we have a variety of grass seed types to fit your lawn's individual needs.
It is also the time for strengthening you lawn for the winter. Scotts Lawn Pro Super Turf Builder with Wintergard is an excellent fertilizer which will help your lawn to be ready for the winter months ahead (if You are fertilizing your lawn on the Scotts 4 Step program, this product is Step 4).
Growing a healthy lawn takes patience and skill, but with a little effort and care, you can have a beautiful, healthy lawn all year round. Hopefully, no one will make hoof-prints in your front lawn.
Monday, August 22, 2011
That's a Dandelion," she told me.
"Oh!" I gasped, in awe. I was easily impressed at that age. "I thought Dandelions were yellow. This is all white and fuzzy."
"That's because it has gone to seed. if you blow on it, the little white seeds will blow away."
I had done this before and it was one of my favorite things to do, but I hadn't realized that the white feathery things were Dandelions or seeds. I blew on the head of the flower and watched as the white seeds danced away on the breeze.
"In a little while," Mom explained, "those seeds will land somewhere else and grow into brand new Dandelions."
After a few minutes I asked her, "Mommy, why do you pull Dandelions out of your garden if they're flowers?"
"Because they're weeds," she replied.
"But how can a flower be a weed?"
Mom smiled. "Anything that grows somewhere you don't want it to is a weed. Technically a rose can be a weed if it grows in the wrong place."
"Does anybody have a Dandelion garden?"
"I don't think so," she said.
I didn't think this was fair. I decided that one day I would grow up and have my very own Dandelion garden...
Many parents miss the opportunity to spend time with their children in nature, teaching them about things as simple as weeds in the back yard. What a lot of people don't realize is that this stuff, while simple and frivolous to many adults, can be exciting and fun for kids. Family fun, lasting memories can be made without money, great effort, or skill. All it takes is time, patience, and the willingness to listen and answer questions like, "Mommy, what kind of flower is that?"
Monday, August 8, 2011
On Tomato and eggplant blossom-end rot usually begins as a small water-soaked area at the blossom end of the fruit. This may appear while the fruit is green or during ripening. As the lesion develops, it enlarges, becomes sunken, and turns black and leathery. on peppers, the affected area appears tan, and is sometimes mistaken for sun scald, which is white. Ultimately mold grows in the lesion and the fruit is lost.
Blossom-end rot is associated with a low concentration of calcium in the fruit. The problem is induced when demand for calcium exceeds supply. This may result from low calcium levels, drought stress, or excessive soil moisture fluctuations which reduce uptake and movement of calcium into the plant, or rapid, vegetative growth due to excessive nitrogen fertilization.
To improve the calcium content of the soil, try Shake 'N Feed by Miracle Grow. To stop and prevent Blossom End Rot over the next several weeks, spray your tomatoes, peppers and more with Yield Booster by Fertilome.
Tuesday, August 2, 2011
Some of you may be wondering, "What IS a Fairy Garden." A Fairy Garden is a tiny garden meant for imaginary fairies (or simply invisible or shy ones if you're a believer). These gardens are small -- small enough to fit in a gardening box and fit on a coffee table. You can put them outside in warm weather, but for people who live in an apartment or who have no yard and outdoor gardening space, these tiny planters are ideal. Fairy-Gardeners plant tiny plants and arrange furniture and landscaping items (paths, wheelbarrows, etc.) in the garden to make their "Fairy-Guests" as comfortable as possible. (for more information on Fairy Garden products, please visit http://www.fairygardening.com/).
Sometimes, however, garden centers might be out of the accessories and plants which are originally made for the Fairy Gardens, or a customer might not like the little elements available to decorate the planters. In either case, Fairy Gardeners can still be happy, creative, and enjoy working with their tiny planters...Here are a few suggestions:
(1) Plants: Plants for your Fairy Garden only have to meet a few simple critera:
(a) They must be small (they have to fit into the tiny plant box)
(b) They must grow slowly (we can't have them outgrowing their planter, can we?)
(c) They must be cute (sorry, uglier plants like skunk cabbage need not apply for residency in a Fairy Garden)...
Here are some suggestions for Fairy Garden Plants:
Palm (Mini-ones of course)
Hens and Chickens (Note: Cacti and Hens and Chickens need a LOT of direct sunlight to stay healthy)...
Once you've planted your fairy garden, you have to think about accessorizing it. Sometimes more creative people can feel limited by decorative items offered in stores, so here are some ideas for thinking outside the box:
- Toy stores (You could find everything from well-made miniature doll furnature for your garden to little trains and tracks ... maybe your fairies like to travel...)
- Craft Stores (You might find some unfinished mini-accessories here that you could decorate in your own way...if your favorite store has a doll-house section, be sure to check out the miniatures they have on sale there)
- Other departments of your garden center (if you want to make a rocky path for your fairies, most garden centers have pebbles and other small rocks for sale -- also be sure to look for things like wood chips and sand.)
Tuesday, June 14, 2011
Leaves may curl, shrivel or have spots ranging from tan to black. The infected leaves will often drop at times the entire plant may shed its leaves. When the weather dries, new leaf growth will likely appear. Rake fallen infected leaves up quickly and discard.
Fungicidal sprays can be used to manage anthracnose once it is present and in the future be sprayed to prevent anthracnose during especially wet springs. A natural method would be to use Liquid Copper Soap from Natural Guard. For continued disease resistance a systemic fungicide or broad spectrum fungicide would be a good option.


But the shed will hang on for a little bit longer until I can get to organizing it. The garden, however, just *could NOT* wait. Spring is springing, for heaven's sake, and I didn't want to miss my planting window!
Now despite having an advanced degree in horticulture, I haven't ever really had my own garden. Well, I take that back. I had one over ten years ago when I lived in Southwest Virginia, but I was very busy with overworking myself at my poorly paid job, and wasn't able to give it the attention and resources it needed. And I'm kinda intimidated by a garden...I suspect I might have a black thumb, or at least a brown thumb. I highly doubt it's green, or even pond scum brown (that disgusting mix of green and brown that my homemade smoothies so often resemble).
This year, I'm gonna put it to the test, though. I've got a wonderful flat and sunny yard (with too much grass to mow anyway). And the resources (i.e., disposable income) to buy stuff for the garden. So this weekend, I went to work.
I got nine 2x10x8's for three beds (cut one in half for the ends of each bed), a load of (free!!) mulch from the City of Brentwood (just had to load it up myself = good exercise), three cubic yards of topsoil and compost from Denchfield Nursery (delivered for free!!), six types of greens and four herb starts from the Takoma Park Farmer's Market, and *too* many seed packets from Seed Savers Exchange (I can save what I don't plant for next year, right? And I'm gonna split 'em with my sister.).
Sunday morning dawned partly cloudy, with a good chance of rain throughout the day. But I knew if I didn't get the beds done that day, they wouldn't get done for a while due to classes, papers, projects, weekend trips and races. Another four wheelbarrow loads per frame, and I was done with the dirt pile.
Planting was fun. I sectioned each bed into eight squares with some string. And then divided all the greens starts into individual plants. I hope they survive. The roots were so very fragile. But I quickly got them into the bed, and watered everything. I planted collards, arugula (arooooo-gala, Hobbes-style), two kinds of green leaf lettuce, speckled lettuce, red lettuce and cilantro from starts, and swiss chard, sugar snap peas (absolute favorite!!), radishes, spinach and kale from seed.
I guess one of these days I should mow the grass too. Maybe next weekend.


Wednesday, 24 February 2016
Ibex extreme mobility agribot goes where no farm robot has gone before
Farms tend to conjure up images of flat prairies crammed with corn, but a surprising amount of farmland is situated on hillsides that are difficult to get to or maintain. To help keep these high fields clear for livestock, UK-based technology firm Ibex Automation is starting fully autonomous field trials in England's Peak District of its extreme mobility agricultural robot that can maneuver around steep dairy and sheep pastures as it identifies and destroys weeds.
.. Continue Reading Ibex extreme mobility agribot goes where no farm robot has gone before
"Ladybird" autonomous robot to help out down on the farm
Intelligent harvesting robot could lead to cheaper food at the checkout
AeroFarms to open "world’s largest indoor vertical farm"
Autonomous self-steering tractor could make farmers' lives a lot easier
DJI's agriculture drone takes to the air down on the farm
The vertical farm goes mobile


At the start of the Summer Term Stanley and Percival our Guinea Pigs have grown accustom to being outdoors and are now spending time outdoors in the ECO garden enjoying a jungle of grass and dandelions. They are still very nervous about the big outdoors so we need to give them time to settle in.
Miss Smith is currently looking after our fertilised eggs and we are eagerly anticipating the arrival of our chicks, fingers crossed this will be at the end of April.
Each class have been very busy planting a potato in a bucket and sunflowers in pots as part of our Outdoor Growing Challenges and competitions.-Don’t forget to look after them!
A very big Thank-you to Monty, Poppy and their Mum who have finished painting the tables and seats in our outdoor classroom, they look beautiful and ready for us all to enjoy our outdoor learning.


Imam Hussain Agricultural City
The agricultural city of Imam Hussain, locally named “Madinat-uz-Zarayat al-Imam Hussain” is a vast land in the city of Karbala, covering an area of 1000 donums, which equates to 250 hectares, allocated for the production of agricultural and feed crops, as well as raising livestock such as cows and sheep.
Equipped with the latest technology, this project is one of the most important production projects sponsored by the Holy Shrine of Imam Hussain.
Combatting the rising desertification
This and other such agricultural projects operate under the Agricultural Development Department of the Holy Shrine, which seeks to reclaim uncultivated land and combat desertification by establishing agricultural cities in desert areas.
However, reclaiming desert lands is not an easy task. Mr Adnan Oz al-Shammari, the current head of the Agricultural Development Department, said that in the first phase, the agricultural land is selected by analyzing soil samples in a laboratory to identify the important elements contained in it to ensure the safety and abundance of crop production.
In the second phase, the land is deeply ploughed and provided with a source of sufficient water to irrigate. Thereafter, the cultivation of selected crops begins.
The deputy director of the project, and an agricultural engineer himself, Mohammed Isa al-Hashimi said that they replaced the old soil with new soil in order to eliminate pests and fungal diseases.
They have built a nursery to grow superior quality cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and eggplants. The plants are treated with organic fertilizers and pesticides.
The livestock farm, which is spread over an area of 150 hectares, contains several types of cows and sheep that are fed with highly concentrated natural feed. The livestock farm contributes significantly to the provision of meat due to the high demand for its sheep.
The administration aspires to establish a centre for agrarian research and studies within the agricultural city where university students can conduct scientific research.
The agricultural city has been providing superior and affordable vegetables, grains, meat and dairy products to the local market for several years, and plans to increase its reach.
The Imam Hussain Holy Shrine is continuously working to support Iraq’s economy, seeking to minimize imports through its various agricultural projects, including the Sayyid ash-Shuhada Farm project and the Abil-Ahrar Agricultural City project – both these projects are much larger in comparison to the Imam Hussain Agricultural City.
Abil Ahrar Agricultural City
It is established on an area of 1375 hectares and is located on the road that connects the two holy cities of Karbala and Najaf. It is primarily used for growing food crops such as maize, barley, wheat, and feed crops.
The feed supplied to sheep and cows through this land is more than 15 tons (of green crops), having an approximate cost of 1.5 million per day.
A huge area of this farmland consists of fruit orchards that produce a variety of winter and summer fruits, mainly apples, figs, red and yellow pears.
Sayyid ash-Shuhda Agricultural City
This is by far the largest agricultural project of the Holy Shrine of Imam Hussain, it is spread over an area of 5250 hectares. It produces a major amount of wheat which is supplied to the local markets, but its full potential hasn’t been realized yet.
However, the Shrine’s Agricultural Development Department has plans to increase the cultivable land and the yield of this agricultural city in the near future.
It is expected that this promising project will contribute greatly to Iraq’s local economy, as its products will suffice the demand of the markets in Karbala and its surrounding cities.


Sprouted from a partnership between Heights Libraries and Food Not Lawns, Cleveland, the seed lending library is a collection of seeds available for anyone to borrow and plant.
The initial collection is made up of easy-to-harvest seeds such as vegetables and herbs, and was donated by Food Not Lawns, Cleveland, which has taken the “Safe Seed Pledge.” All donated seed is deemed to be non-GMO, and open-pollinated, to the best of their knowledge, and can be reliably saved.
How It Works
The seed library works like this: visitors with or without a library card can pick up a seed packet to take home, with no due date or fines. Borrowers plant and grow their seeds; eat the fruits of their labor; and harvest and save the seeds from the healthiest, tastiest, or easiest-growing plants to bring back to the library.
The seeds are subject to availability and season, so patrons are encouraged to come in and browse the seed offerings.
Feel free to talk to a librarian at Coventry if you’re interested in getting involved. Call 216-321-3400 for more information.


“Let us work towards change, not blaming anyone, but using every opportunity and resource to co-create the change we need.” Sri Vasudeva
In the Heart of Trinidad and Tobago – The Evolution of Tapovan TT
The name Tapovan is derived from two Sanskrit words: tapo (spiritual practices) and vana (forest), indicating our goal of spiritual development within nature. We are developing Tapovan TT on lands in Brasso Venado, in the fertile Montserrat Hills of central Trinidad, at the heart of Trinidad.
Purchased during the auspicious period of the 40 Days of 2009 and 2012, our Tapovan lands comprise just over 51 acres of tropical rainforest, and a former cocoa, coffee and citrus plantation. The forest is home to abundant wildlife and plant species, whilst majestic trees and spring-fed streams traverse the property. Whilst we hope to expand the Tapovan TT acreage in the future, our priority is to maximize the potential of the existing land, in line with our Project Vision
What we have been doing
Since acquisition, we have worked the existing productive trees, and have rehabilitated some of the cocoa and banana trees. We harvest bananas regularly, with citrus, cocoa, avocados, yams, mangoes, pommerac and chataigne harvested when in season.
In recent years, we have given greater attention to downstream processing. We introduced bee hives in 2014, and we have done a couple of extractions of honey since then. In 2015, we started to process Trinitario cocoa beans from Tapovan at our centre in Claxton Bay, producing drinking chocolate and cocoa nibs. We also process our aromatic Robusta coffee beans, producing ground coffee for brewing.
We continue to maintain the productive areas and internal pathways, whilst seeking to improve the external access roads to our land.
What we want to do
Our plans for Tapovan TT entail the phased development of an eco-community. Based on the Global Ecovillage Network’s definition, Tapovan TT will be an intentional or planned ecological community based on spiritual principles, integrating aspects of sustainability, to regenerate social and natural environments.
Agriculture is a foundational arm of our Project, as it relates to the objective of self-sufficiency, and our goal of sustainable communities and their wellness. We will practice agriculture along the lines of permaculture. Permaculture is a sustainable design process that works with, rather than against, nature. In addition to agriculture, it incorporates social aspects, which are integral to a truly sustainable and holistic system.
Protection and enhancement of the environment at Brasso throughout the life of the project, will be critical to its success, as we seek harmonious co-existence. The practice of permaculture also provides the opportunity to support local wildlife and as such, planning will include designating areas for wildlife and ‘untouched’ forests.
We anticipate that the first buildings will support the agricultural operations, and allow us to stay in Tapovan for longer periods, and even overnight! Beyond that, we look forward to developing a temple for meditation and retreats in nature.
Making Tapovan a reality will involve ongoing research and learning, so the educational component of the community will be critical. Because of this, Tapovan has the potential to become an important national eco-tourism resource, showcasing alternative ways of living.
This will positively impact on our local community, national community and beyond, in many different ways. Locally, our project aligns with the guiding policy for environmental sustainability in Trinidad and Tobago, The National Environmental Policy.
“I want the ecological experience and consciousness of humanity to grow, so that is what Tapovan needs to be.” Sri Vasudeva
Access continues to be our major obstacle to making faster and greater progress with Tapovan TT.
The Mamoral Valley Road runs through our lands. However, it is in an advanced state of deterioration, and remains impassable by our vehicles.
The Juan Navarro Trace is in better condition for the most part, and we continue to use it to drive to our boundary. It needs to be reinforced and improved in certain areas, and we are currently focusing on making this a reality.
We have identified three phases of work:
You can learn more on our Tapovan TT Road Appeal page.


Embarking on your lemon cucumber garden journey is an exciting and rewarding endeavor and we are thrilled to provide you with the highest quality seed to kickstart this adventure. Imagine the joy of plucking fresh, vibrant lemon cucumbers from your own garden, savoring their crispness and distinct citrusy flavor. Our carefully selected lemon cucumbers seeds are the first step towards making this vision a reality. At the heart of a successful garden lies the seed itself, the tiny package that holds the potential for a thriving plant. Our commitment to quality begins here, with seeds sourced from reputable and trusted suppliers. Each seed is chosen through a meticulous process, ensuring that only the best specimens make their way to you. This attention to detail is what sets our lemon cucumber seeds apart; they are not just seeds, but the promise of a flourishing garden filled with nature’s goodness.
Planting these high-quality Lemon Cucumber Seeds is an invitation to nurture life. As you gently tuck each seed into the soil, you are participating in an ancient dance of renewal and growth. With proper care, these seeds will soon send forth delicate shoots, reaching for the sun with determination. Our seeds are accompanied by detailed planting instructions, offering you guidance and tip to ensure the best possible start for your lemon cucumber plants. Whether you are a seasoned gardener or a novice, our goal is to equip you with the knowledge needed to nurture your garden to its fullest potential. The journey from seed to harvest is a transformative one and it is a journey that we are honored to share with you. Watching as your lemon cucumber plants develop their signature bright green leaves and delicate tendrils can be a meditative experience. As they bloom with delicate yellow flowers, you will witness the miracle of pollination and the promise of fruit to come. With a little patience and a lot of care, those vibrant blossoms will give way to the main attraction – the lemon cucumbers themselves.
Harvesting your homegrown lemon cucumbers is a celebration of your dedication and the remarkable power of nature. These cucumbers, with their refreshing taste and unique lemony hint, are a versatile addition to your culinary adventures. From crisp summer salads to refreshing beverages, your lemon cucumbers will grace your table with flavors that are as vibrant as their journey from seedling to fruit. In conclusion, your lemon cucumber garden journey begins here, with seeds that embody our passion for quality and your desire to create. As you plant, nurture and harvest, remember that you are not just cultivating a garden – you are cultivating a connection to the earth, to the cycles of life and to the nourishment that only a homegrown harvest can provide. We are delighted to be a part of your gardening story and cannot wait to see the bountiful lemon cucumber harvest that awaits you.