Planting new trees on your land has many benefits. Trees provide much-needed summer shade, filter polluted air and increase curb appeal and property value.
Once full-grown, trees are very easy to care for: another benefit! Trees are hardy and tend to grow even with minimal care. However, if you want to see your trees reach their potential, they need more effort.
Lack of care for young trees could cause rotting, disease, under watering or pest problems.
Fortunately, caring for trees isn’t very difficult, but you do need a little information to do it correctly. Familiarize yourself with the trees you plant to know what they need to succeed. Then properly care for them and watch them flourish.
Below, we’ll outline the five best practices for planting a new tree and seeing it grow. You probably are familiar with the basics, so we’ll dive deeper and detail how to do each step.
Tree Care Tips for New Trees
These five tips will not only help keep your trees alive, they’ll help them to grow much faster, withstand extreme winds, fight off diseases and pests and produce more leaves, flowers or fruit.
Water Your Tree
New trees need a lot more water than grown ones. The trees you plant on your property are no exception.
The root ball of the tree and the soil around it have to be kept moist, but don’t let it get too wet, because this might cause the roots to rot.
The general rule is 4-10 gallons of water per week. This includes rain water, and although it’s hard to get an exact reading, a rain gauge can get you close enough to supplement the remaining gallons. Your new trees need this much water every week for the initial 2-3 growing seasons.
Mulch Around Your Trees
Mulch is much more than an attractive landscaping product. It actually helps protect new trees, especially the roots underground. But laying mulch the wrong way can lead to rotting and decay – so much so, in fact, that the new tree will not survive.
Place mulch exactly 3 inches away from the tree trunk and spread it out to completely cover the ground under the longest branch. For new trees, this isn’t going to be very far, but as the tree continues to grow, your mulch area will continue to grow as well.
Keep the mulch 2 to 4 inches thick in all areas around the tree. Be attentive in spreading it out consistently and far enough away from the trunk of the tree so it does not impede air flow around the trunk.
Fertilize Around Your Tree
Fertilizer provides the nutrients your soil might not have naturally. Most new trees can benefit from fertilizing, but you need to be using the right products and do it at the correct time for fertilizer to be most impactful.
The best time of year to fertilize is during early spring. Sometimes early summer provides the right conditions (comfortable temperatures and moist soil), but don’t count on it.
If you aren’t certain about which type of fertilizer to use, consult a tree care professional for recommendations. Slow-release fertilizers are typically a good idea because they feed your trees over a period of time rather than all at once.
Follow through with these things in the first growing seasons after planting a new tree, and then review your watering, mulching and fertilizing as the tree becomes more established. As time goes on, there will be additional tree care projects that are more important for new trees.
Trim Your Tree
Tree pruning is very important – but very challenging – in the first years after you plant a new tree. As the tree grows, you will see several little branches take off, trying to become the tree’s trunk. You may think this shows that the tree is healthy and growing well, but it can actually lead to a weak tree as time goes on.
Early trimming helps to shape the tree into what it is going to look like when it gets much larger. As tiny limbs emerge from the lower trunk, they have to be removed so they don’t suck water and nutrients from the branches at the top.
As long as there are trees somewhere on your property, they need to be pruned routinely. When the trees get too big for you to trim them safely, you can rely on WA Tree Trimming to do the job for you.
Monitor Your Tree
Young trees are at the most risk for damage, disease and pest issues. But you’re never 100% safe from these issues. As your tree grows older, monitor it carefully for signs of disease or bad nutrition, including the following:
- Leaf color changing out of season, especially leaves turning yellow or brown
- Premature leaf falling, regardless of whether these leaves appear healthy or sick
- Wilting, even with adequate watering
- Single limbs dying
- Peeling bark
These signs indicate a health problem. The tree is probably going to need professional maintenance if your goal is to save the tree. An arborist can typically diagnose the issue by just looking at the tree, although they will do testing if necessary.
If you identify the issue quick enough, you will likely be able to save the tree. Being proactive is the best way to protect new trees.
The steps above are simple yet effective. Don’t underestimate the value of the basics! When your new trees have pruning, fertilizer and more,, combined with some sunshine and barring severe, damaging weather, the chances are good that the tree will survive and will look wonderful!
Of course, you may already have a very busy schedule and don’t want to perform these additional tasks. In some cases, homeowners don’t have the ability or the tools to give their new trees the necessary maintenance.
Whatever the situation, it’s ok to contact a tree service for caring for new trees. A professional arborist in Washington can advise you about the course of care for each type of tree you plant on your property. Arborists enjoy sharing their knowledge and skills with people planting brand new trees, and they can be the difference between trees that struggle and trees that thrive.
Call WA Tree Trimming now for information on routine tree care in Washington – including tree trimming – for new trees and older trees. An arborists will determine the best plan for your trees! Locate your city in our service area here.


Where have all the veg gone?
It's always been difficult to buy organic vegetables from wholesalers at reasonable prices, but now it's reached a real crisis. A month or so ago we were selling organic courgettes at almost £2 each! They're now so expensive that we can't actually buy them. We're doing everything we can to get British organic but this of course limits the variety of produce we can have. We must support the farmers who are struggling to maintain their crops in business and in Black Radish at the moment we have a good range of vegetables.
Murcia in Spain where a lot of our produce comes from has suffered 3 years of drought but then extreme heavy rains in December has wiped out most of the lettuce crop. There are now the heaviest snows in more than 30 years.
According to statistics the price of a kilo of aubergines went up 132% in January while tomatoes by 45%. It's a rough time for agriculture at the moment but we will of course continue to to try and get the best organic produce we can and keep promoting the benefits of organic.
Read more on the BBC News website
Photo “Courtesy of Guardian News & Media Ltd”


None of the traditional techniques reached such a quality in the grain cleaning than the photo-pneumatic technology!
The optical sorter from F series of Company Voronezhselmash set new standards in the optical sorting. The applications for the use of an optical sorting machine are numerous. One of the largest application areas is the food industry. The color sorters separate the product to be separated by color (eg corn, rice …). It automatically separates the different color of the grain, thus dividing the share premium product from the impurities.
The color sorter family are characterized by the following features:
- high degree of purification – up to 99.9%
- High capacity – up to 30 t / h
- simple control
- high reliability
- Universal – separation of different products
Principle of sorting by color
The grain pile comes into the hopper, from there it goes into the vibrating feeder. The vibratory feeders spread and leveled the grain to a single-layer flow.
Two video cameras are installed at the two sides of the control area. The single-stream from e.g. Cereal is scanned by the cameras. The data of the video cameras are used in the arithmetic unit and are analyzed in real time. From the results of image analysis of the signals, an air flow pulse is generated by opening the valves at the moment on the fly by the detected particle. The compressed air pulses with a pressure of (0.4 … 0.6 MPa), which is generated only for the duration of a few milliseconds, blowing the grain into the corresponding receiver module.


Cotton is one of the most widely known and widely used plant fibers in the world. It formed an important part of the early wealth and prosperity of America. However, one thing that many do not think about as they pick out their cotton bed sheets is how that cotton was grown and the impact that it has on the environment. Cotton, like any other factory-farmed crop is often grown using toxic fertilizers and pesticides. This is the key difference between organic and conventionally grown cotton. Organic cotton is grown in a way that has the least possible impact on the environment. It is grown using sustainable farming methods and without the use of fertilizers and pesticides. So what does this mean?
According to the Organic Trade Association, nearly 20% of the global production of all cotton produced used organic methods. Many do not realize that cotton is an intensive crop to grow. It is a heavy nutrient user, and unless it is produced using systems that pay close attention to soil nutrition, it requires the use of fertilizers for continued production. In addition, it is subject to many plant diseases that are often managed using herbicides and pesticides. Cotton production uses more chemicals and pesticides than any other crop (Organic-Cotton, 2010). Many of these chemicals are neurotoxins. As insects evolve they often become resistant to these chemicals and stronger or more chemicals must be used to keep them at bay.
Organic cotton is grown in such a manner that does not use fertilizers, herbicides, or pesticides. It has a much smaller impact on the environment and there is no chance of residual chemicals remaining in the final product. Organic cotton production uses systems of crop rotation, and natural insecticides in the production process. For these reasons alone, many are choosing organic cotton over conventionally produced cotton. There are different levels of organic when one speaks of nonconventional cotton production. For instance, some consumers require that in addition to sustainable production methods, their cotton products contain no genetically modified plant material (GMOs). They insist that cotton is not be blended with any synthetics at all. Consumer demand is driving production trends, so when you purchase organic cotton products, it is your vote for organic cotton versus conventional cotton.
There are several drawbacks to organic cotton that must be considered. One of them is that organic cotton production is more expensive than conventional cotton. This does not make sense because the farmer would appear to have less expense through not having to purchase all of those chemicals. However, organic cotton producers also take greater financial losses and must use costly labor to replace chemical sprays. Another term that consumers may hear alongside the ÛÏorganicÛ label is ÛÏFair Trade.Û This term refers to a certification that the farmer who produced the cotton, as well as the factory workers receive fair wages and fair working conditions, when compared to their counterparts using conventional cotton production methods in industrialized nations.
Organically produced cotton may be slightly more costly than conventional cotton, but it is worth it. The consumer has the benefit of knowing that the products that they purchase help the environment and preparing for future generations. However, in addition to these benefits, several other direct benefits are also realized. In the production of conventional cotton the toxic chemicals do not stop in the farm field. Chemicals, oils, and waxes are used in the manufacture and processing of the cotton. These chemicals put out gases that may cause sensitivities in some people.
Organic cotton is the best choice to assure that sensitivities and allergies are not a part of you or your babyÛªs life. Purchasing the highest percentage of ÛÏorganicÛ material possible is the best choice for everyone. Check out the wonderful organic cotton products available on this websiteÛ_ and read the labels, your baby, family, and planet earth are counting on you.


Top Guidelines Of Irrigation Rust Preventer
Top Guidelines Of Irrigation Rust Preventer
The Basic Principles Of Rust Controller
Water concentrations work simply for identifying the total fertilization requirements for plants getting the irrigation water. Sulfur is a vital plant nutrient. High concentrations are seldom a concern aside from in coal mining areas where extremely high levels are occasionally observed. More frequently, sulfur levels are checked to figure out if sulfur addition is needed in fertilizer.
Iron can be a complicated water quality issue that not just affects plant development however likewise can block irrigation devices. For micro-irrigation systems, iron levels require to be below 0. 3 mg/L to avoid obstructing. Levels above 1. 0 mg/L can cause foliar finding in overhead watering systems. Extremely high iron above 5.
Iron toxicity issues are most likely to take place where growth media is acidic (listed below pH 6. 0). Induced iron shortage can likewise happen in delicate species if pH is greater than 7. 0 to 7. 5. Iron treatment is most easily achieved by utilizing a settling pond to aerate and settle the iron sediment before the water is utilized for watering. rust controller.
In cases where iron is blocking drip watering systems, acidification treatment can be used to keep iron in solution or chlorination/filtration can be utilized to eliminate iron and prevent clogging. Manganese presents a number of the very same issues as iron in watering water. It can block watering devices and trigger foliar staining.
The Main Principles Of Irrigation Water Treatment
05 mg/L which is also the level where black staining and watering clogging might take place. Concentrations above 2. 0 mg/L can be straight harmful to some plant species. Removal of manganese makes use of the very same treatment explained for iron above, however manganese elimination performance is typically lower than iron and may require pH modification.
It very hardly ever takes place in considerable concentration in groundwater or surface water. Unfortunately, even low concentration of copper above 0. 2 mg/L can be harmful to some plants. If copper is discovered in irrigation water, deterioration of metal pipes ought to be investigated as a cause and replacement with plastic pipes must be considered.
Molybdenum is a trace element which can also trigger plant toxicity in rare cases. Molybdenum concentrations above 0. 05 can be bothersome but are extremely unusual in Pennsylvania irrigation water sources. Removal of molybdenum is tough on a large scale for watering. Zinc is another trace mineral that rarely happens in groundwater or surface water (iron stain remover).
Mine drain can also provide zinc in western Pennsylvania. Levels above 0. 3 mg/L can be hazardous to some plants especially in low pH growth media. Ingram, Dewayne. 2014, Understanding Irrigation Water Test Results and Their Implications on Nursery and Greenhouse Crop Management, University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service, Publication HO-111Will, Elizabeth and James Faust, 1999, Watering Water Quality for Greenhouse Production, University of Tennessee Cooperative Extension, Publication PB 1617Water Quality for Crop Production, University of Massachusetts Extension, Greenhouse Crops and Floriculture ProgramReviewed by: William Lamont, Jr., Penn State, Stephen Reiners, Cornell University, Inge Bisconer and Bill Wolfram, Toro Micro-Irrigation.
Rumored Buzz on Irrigation Water Treatment
You know your greenhouse crop is continually under attackbut what's the very best reaction? Diseases and insect problems have always been significant hazards in agriculture. Damping off (seedling rot), root rot, stem rot .. - rust preventer data. plant-damaging pathologies like these are a continuous menace to economically crucial crop species like veggies grown by means of regulated environment greenhouse production.
Intrusive insects consist of whiteflies, aphids, mealy bugs, and spider mites. Typical greenhouse weeds such as chickweed, sneaking wood sorrel, bittercress and others can become infected with impatiens lethal area virus and tomato identified wilt infection and serve as illness sources. Weeds plagued with drawing thrips can vector infections onto vulnerable greenhouse crops.
Initially, you can combat the pathogens and insects chemically with synthetic pesticides, usually made from petrochemical or inorganic basic materials. Pesticides secure plants from various weeds, nematodes (worms) and fungi therefore can raise production yields. Tetraethyl dithiopyrophosphate (TEDP), for instance, is a pesticide commonly used in greenhouses as a fumigative representative.
Nevertheless, though not as lethal as DDT (which is prohibited in the U.S - effective rust controller.), TEDP is still a highly poisonous chemical substance. Today, stringent guidelines exist to control chemical pesticide usage, and there is political pressure to get rid of the most dangerous chemicals from the marketplace. So, view growers have rewards to stabilize chemicals with more benign biological control agents" biologicals." Bio-based pesticides are made up of eco-friendly resources and consist of no synthetic active ingredients.
Rust Controller Can Be Fun For Everyone
Going "biological" implies minimizing invasions from outdoors sources by incorporating non-chemical approaches in an Integrated Bug Management (IPM) program. IPM, an environmentally sensitive approach to controlling insect damage to crops, highlights the development of a healthy crop with the least possible interruption to agro-ecosystems while, in the process, encouraging natural pest control systems.
An example of biological pest control is the introduction of predatory insects like ladybugs into greenhouses. These "excellent" bugs battle "bad" bugs like aphids to keep greenhouse veggie crops healthy. Tim Madden is president of Biodynamics, an Akron, Ohio, professional in Controlled Environment Farming (CEA) service solutions. rust preventer. An IPM advocate, Madden says that by augmenting (and even changing) industry standard artificial bug management with biological IPM, growers can considerably increase food security and the quality of fruit have a peek at this site and vegetables.
" These substances degrade plant dietary worth by damaging the beneficial bacteria that help us metabolize and soak up important nutrients essential to a healthy important link diet." The global crop-protection market is dominated by huge agrochemical business such as Syngenta, Monsanto and Bayer CropScience. According to a Transparency Marketing research report entitled "Crop Security Chemicals Market Global Industry Size, Market Share, Trends, Analysis and Projection, 20112018," the worldwide crop security market was worth USD $48.
It is anticipated to reach USD $71. 3 billion by 2018, growing at a CAGR of 5. 4 percent from 2011 to 2018 - rust preventer. Herbicides (herbicide) formed the biggest category in the total crop protection market, contributing about USD $19. 9 billion for the year 2011. The International Biocontrol Manufacturers' Association (IBMA) puts the global crop-protection business at USD $44.
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Waste Wise School
Richmond PS has been a Waste Wise accredited school every year since 2011, and in 2016 was ‘highly commended’ in the Infinity Awards, recognising innovation and excellence in recycling and waste reduction.
Students recycle paper, cardboard, batteries, mobile phones, plastic beauty products bottles and toner cartridges. Food scraps go to the school’s compost bins and worm farm to be used in the kitchen garden. Students are encouraged to bring waste free lunches and reusable water bottles and the canteen tries to avoid plastic packaging. Our 2018 waste audit indicated that just 1% of our waste is plastic. Our current target is for all students to bring waste free lunches to school every day and to put all fruit and vegetable waste into our compost bin.
The school has a popular gardening club which runs a ‘seed to plate’ program from their kitchen garden. Children are hands-on with planting and caring for fruit, vegetables and herbs, harvesting, cooking and sharing delicious, healthy food.


Manager PDS (Product Development Support) - East West Seed
East-West Seed is the market leader for tropical vegetable seeds in Asia and is rapidly expanding in Africa. East-West Seed develops vegetable varieties that are adapted to tropical markets and growing conditions and generate increased yield and productivity for farmers. In addition, the company educates farmers and helps them to maximize their yield and income through better knowledge on vegetable production.
What We Need
East West Seed has set out an ambitious growth strategy to expand our leading position in the vegetable seed industry in Tanzania. In order to achieve our targets we welcome an ambitious Manager PDS (Product Development Support) who will play a crucial role in developing a successful pipeline of innovative new vegetable varieties in close co-operation with our R&D and Sales & Marketing Department.
Job Locations: Moshi - Kilimanjaro (frequent domestic travel required)Position: Manager PDSReporting to: Manager PDS AfricaEmployment: Full Time
Roles & Responsibilities
- Manage trial planning and execution of trials according to protocol
- Ensure timely availability of sample seeds
- Present trial based conclusions and advice the Sales & Marketing department on product/market positioning
- Develop the pipeline of innovative new varieties
- Responsible for commercialisation of new varieties through product advancement.
- Obtain and analyse strategic market information
- Provide Leadership and conduct training to the Product Development Team (15 FTE)
What We Want From You
- Must have Bachelor's Degree in Agriculture.
- Minimum 5 years’ experience in the Vegetable Seed Industry
- Profound product and market knowledge and understanding of the players in the industry.
- Understanding of geography and climate, competition and their products
- Analyse market size and demand; characteristics of potential new commercial varieties
- Understanding of the vegetable Product Life Cycle
- Understanding of technical breeding/ R&D breeding programs
- Ambitious mentality - ability to grow into full managerial position
East-West Seed has competitive packages on offer including bonuses for outperformers. Interested candidates can apply through a 1 page motivational letter supported with full resume.
Please send to firstname.lastname@example.org
Deadline: April 1 2017


Great possibilities on this secluded 60 acres in quiet farming community of McIntosh, NM. Enjoy the sunset and mountain views from your Hacienda. Horses welcome, no restrictions. Good water area and fertile soil for growing things.
Some of the information contained herein has been provided by SWMLS, Inc. This information is from sources deemed reliable but not guaranteed by SWMLS, Inc. The information is for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than identifying properties which consumers may be interested in purchasing. Updated: 27th September, 2023 2:23 AM (UTC)


5 Tropical Gardening Techniques
Starting a tropical garden is something that many owners will want to try, since it can be an enjoyable hobby. But they should try to narrow down some of the basics of how this can work going forward. Owners can use these techniques to quickly revamp the look of their garden and get an impressive display going. This will help make sure that lush and tropical gardens get growing in just a short amount of time. Part of this will be determining which plants tend to grow best in different types of climes.
Most owners will want to build their tropical garden in stages, which will make this project much easier to manage over time. They should start by bringing in different types of shade plants, which will actually fulfill a few different types of roles. These plants will shield other species from sun and dry weather elements. They will also add a full coverage look, which will add to the overall tropical impression that may be created here over time. Caladiums and Palm Trees can be great ways of starting a tropical garden.
3. Adding In Understorey Plants
These plants will typically fill in the space beneath shade trees. When planting a tropical garden, there are actually many different types of plants that can be put in to place. Bougainvillea and Hibiscus are two varieties that have enduring popularity among many owners out there. They can also add a fair bit of color to the garden design, which will no doubt appeal to many people.
4. Growing Your Garden In Hawaii
There are actually many different types of elements that will no doubt appeal to most people out there. Hawaiian properties will often be excellent places for these garden designs. If you want to make the most out of growing your garden in Hawaii, there are a few basic features to keep in mind. The local climate offers plenty of rainfall and sunshine throughout the year. Owners should try to allow the soil to drain properly, but they will have success with many species.
5. Customize Your Garden
Most owners will want to try put their own custom flourish in place for their garden. For example, many owners will want to consider bringing in bamboo to act as a screening plant. Owners will have the freedom to actually develop some of these gardens over time as well.


There are many benefits of high quality forage, as the saying goes: you get what you pay for. You can reverse that statement by saying you don’t get what you don’t pay for. Or even that you could pay for it later! Studies have shown that when dairy producers invest in high quality forage they will see a valuable return on that investment.
Choosing High Quality Forage
Optimal animal performance can improve with high quality forage. It is essential for weight gain, producing higher levels of milk, increasing reproduction success, and farm’s profits. It’s important to give your dairy cows the appropriate type and amount of feed according to their specific nutritional needs. Factors that could help define these needs include: sex, age, species, and production status.
When choosing your high quality forage for either beef or dairy cows it’s also important to think about the follow factors: whether the cows will eat the feed, how much of the feed they will actually eat measured against how much energy is required for their specific activity (milk production, breeding, beef production, etc.), digestibility, nutrient content, and any negative factors the forage might have on a specific cattle group.
High quality forage performs at its best when it is harvested young. As crops like alfalfa mature the fiber content increases, lowering the quality. Forage that is too high in fiber slows digestion. With slower digestion the animal will not take in as much and might not consume enough energy to meet their activity requirements.
High Quality Forage Boosts Milk Production in Dairy Cows
Milk production has high nutrient demands on dairy cows! Dairy cows have to consume large quantities of food to consume enough energy to keep producing milk. In some cases a dairy cow cannot physically eat enough feed to meet the requirements of milk production; and the cow’s body fat could start depleting in an attempt to meet those energy requirements. This is a problem.
High quality forage like Alfalfa hay can greatly benefit dairy cows and milk production. Alfalfa hay contains less neutral detergent fiber and is more digestible. Also, high quality forage like early harvest alfalfa is lower in fermentable fibre and passes through the digestive system faster, allowing the cow to consume more. That means dairy cows that consume high quality forage are able to increase both their energy intake and total milk produced. Talk about getting your cake (alfalfa hay) and eating it too!
Milk that is produced with a higher fat concentration is can usually be sold for a premium. Since high quality forage is high in the right type of fiber it also supports milk fat production, which in turn affects the producer’s bottom line.
A study came out of the University of Wisconsin that was able to conclude that the milk response of dairy cows fed different levels of alfalfa forage quality was improved when fed more high quality forage. They were able to prove that high quality forage contains more energy and also allows dairy cows to eat more!
The study also tested adding a concentrate like grain to lower quality forage to try to offset reduced milk production resulting from low quality feed. High producing dairy cows are sometimes fed concentrates to help boost the energy content of their feed. Even adding this concentrate could not improve the results of the feed. Here are their examples:
Early bloom alfalfa with 54% concentrate produced almost as much milk as pre-bloom alfalfa with 20% concentrate, but no amount of concentrate would produced over 70 lb of fat corrected milk from mid or full bloom alfalfa. Further, the 71%-concentrate formulations are not sustainable, due to animal health problems associated with low fiber.
They also found that the actual fat concentration of the milk produced fell as the added concentrate increased. With milk with high fat concentration going for top dollar, adding too much concentrate to the feed could affect a dairy producer’s profit.
View their study results and further research on high quality forage.


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Solid Wood 8 Ft X 2 Ft Raised Garden Bed Planter
Solid Wood 8 ft x 2 ft Raised Garden Bed Planter Brand new and high quality 8'x 2' vegetable bed, providing enough space for planting vegetables or flowers A divider in the middle for planting different plants Solid cedar construction, durable and long-time using You can put it in the garden, backyard, and lawn Simple assembly need Material: Cedarwood Thickness of board: 0.5" Package include: 1 x Vegetable planter 96" x 24" x 10"(L x W x H) Each box dimension: 47.5"x23.6"x10.0"(L x W x H) Weight: 22lbs.
- Brand: FFU
- Product Code: WVRGP5839751
- Availability: In Stock


Taking care of the lawn can be fun at times, but can prove to be a nuisance especially when someone is very tired. Mowing the ;lawn is not always easy, and you may also be required to use some equipment that you may not have, and these are the times when you may want to hire professional lawn care services. Also, lack of proper tools may prevent you from completely mowing your lawn. When you hire the professionals, not only are you able to save on a lot of time but you also get to enjoy quality services. This article helps you explore additional benefits that you can experience when you hire professional lawn care services.
Hiring lawn care services in your area is actually more preferable than hiring a company that comes from another location. Since they have been taking care of other lawns in the neighbourhood, the professionals are familiar to the type of grass that grows in the area. The importance of hiring the professionals is that they have enough knowledge about the different types of grass that exist. The importance of hiring the professionals is that they can actually tell the type of grass that has been grown in your lawn from a far. Therefore, when you hire a professional to take care of your lawn you are hiring someone who has adequate knowledge and skills for the task.
When you hire lawn care services, you are able to overcome the physical stress that is involved in this task. Lawn maintenance is one of those projects that consume a lot of time and energy. After spending a lot of time working during the weekend or weekday, engaging in a lawn maintenance task is not something that you would want to get into. However, when you hire the professional lawn care services, you are able to overcome such stress and health problems that are involved in this project.
Hiring lawn care services prevents you from causing unwanted damages on your lawn. The bad news is that you will have to spend a lot of money on your lawn after destroying it. In addition, you may not be knowledgeable about the amount of water that is required for your lawn. When you hire the professionals, they will ensure that the right amount of fertilizer has been applied on your lawn so that no damages are made in the process.
Also, the people who are in real estate can benefit greatly from well maintained lawns as they add on the value of the home. Most people are willing to go to any extent to get a property that has a well maintained lawn. If you have decided that you are going to sell your home at some point in future, a well maintained lawn has an ability to ensure that you secure a buyer within a very short period of time.


For many years we have consistently grown a small quantity of herbs and vegetables in our back garden – as we have lived in rental properties our options have ranged from finding gaps in the existing gardens, or setting up raised garden beds or using pots.
About five years ago we moved house and just ran out of energy to start again, and ever since we have just purchased our herbs and vegetables from the supermarket. A lot of other things went on over that period of time so we just never got started again.
Family Vege Gardening Experiences
This year things have changed. Tony was the driver to get started again, and it has filled me with renewed energy to focus once again on growing things. We also decided to get our kids more involved with the vege garden which has been a lot of fun. But also sad as I realised that we had not had this shared experience over the past five years.
Tony and the kids periodically reminisce about the time I grew these amazing yellow zucchinis – with a single plant we managed to grow enough produce that season such that they have never willingly eaten a zucchini again! But they do not recall how many times we went ‘bean hunting’ when they were littler.
We have also not had a chance to pass on our knowledge about vege gardening with our children when they are of an age to remember. I fondly recall gardening with my grandmother when I was a child – so I have got a renewed drive to share these lovely family experiences. Don’t mention the word choko however – that was the vegetable that my grandmother loved and I will never willingly eat again :) .
How to Start a Container Vegetable Garden
So how did we get started? We visited the local Bunnings and discovered that they were selling a good sized tub with wheels on it – perfect for our situation! On our first visit we purchased four of these as well as potting mix and compost to fill the tubs and some leftover pots we still owned. We roughly purchased 3 parts potting mix and one part compost in bags. We also purchased some seedlings to plant – starting with strawberries, some herbs lettuce and a couple of bush tomato plants.
When we arrived home we set up the tubs, added the potting mix and compost and then watered it in until it was wet all the way through. We then planted our seedlings, paying attention to the distances they need to be apart on the label. Maybe some of them are a bit too close together but we are ok with that!
We have set it up for our daughter to water the veges every day and after a week or so you can already see them growing.
Expanding our Backyard Veggie Garden!
After the first batch we also decided to purchase some VegTrugs to try them out as raised garden beds. We had to order them online and then collect them from Bunnings.
When we returned to Bunnings to collect them we were able to easily collect them, and then purchase the additional soil and compost that were needed to fill them. We also ‘happened’ to purchase another four of the tubs on wheels plus additional seedlings and seeds!
I worked with our oldest son to construct the Vegtrugs, in all we spent about two hours constructing them – a fun project to do together.
I then worked with our daughter to fill them with soil, water them in and then plant out the seedlings and seeds. She is already enjoying watching the seedlings grow! And I also set up some trellis for the climbing plants so that they are ready over the next few weeks.
I think we are now at capacity for our vege garden in the space we have available. The next step is to keep up the daily watering, help the new tomato seedlings climb onto their frames and watch for our seeds to sprout.
Overall we are enjoying spending time on gardening projects with our children and are looking forward to being able to harvest our herbs and veges over the next period of time. We will also need to start fertisiling them as they grow bigger – but that is a project for another day.
I hope this story has inspired you to get started yourself – you can start with just one pot and build up from there if you wish!


It is at an altitude of between 1000 and 2000 metres, in the heart of the pastures, that the producers make Etivaz PDO. A cheese with the scent of Alpine flora, traditionally processed in large copper cauldrons over a wood fire.
Etivaz AOP is the result of a great deal of know-how, passed down from generation to generation. Every year, between May and October, almost 70 farming families patiently and by hand transform the milk from their cows in the alpine chalets. The precious nectar is poured and brewed in large copper cauldrons, heated exclusively over a wood fire.
Don't hesitate to stop by the Maison de L'Etivaz, in the village of the same name, to visit the cheese cellars, where the wheels of cheese produced by all the farmers are stored and matured. You will find a film retracing the life of the mountain pastures throughout history and the seasons.
Etivaz is the first Swiss cheese to have obtained the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOP) in 2000.


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Acrylamide is a probable carcinogen that can be formed during the processing of PBPIs. The study found significant differences in acrylamide content among different types of PBPIs produced with various processing technologies. The researchers classified PBPIs into four categories: flours, dry-fractionated proteins, wet-extracted proteins, and texturized vegetable proteins. The study examined 17 different types of PBPIs of various origins and types and found significant variability in acrylamide contamination in each class Flours had the lowest mean acrylamide content (280 µg kg−1), while wet-extracted proteins exhibited the highest (451 µg kg−1).
Differences in contamination levels can be linked to the use of different raw materials (which may contain different levels of precursors) and to the different processing technologies employed. Post-harvest treatments such as drying and milling operations could cause an increase in temperatures, leading to acrylamide formation.
The benchmark levels for the presence of acrylamide in foodstuffs are listed in Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2158. Although acrylamide content regulations apply to some common food industry products in the European Union, PBPIs are currently not monitored or regulated. Given the growing demand for PBPIs and their presence in the global market, it is essential for policymakers and regulatory authorities to take steps to monitor and regulate these components.
The authors highlighted the need for further research on factors influencing acrylamide formation in PBPIs, including agronomic practices, raw material composition, and processing variables. Identifying critical stages during processing and implementing appropriate mitigation strategies would help reduce the presence of this hazardous pollutant in plant-based protein products.


De nombreux clubs Roots & Shoots dans les ecoles primaires et secondaires ont leur jardin potahger au camp. Apres avoir distribue outils et graines, il est temps de planter pour recolter des legumes dans les mois a venir. En attendant, le responsable de l'un de ces clubs nous livre ses impressions.
In the Lugufu Congolese refugee camp in Tanzania, we decided to cultivate a garden. We have planted three kinds of vegetables: eggplants, amaranth and cabbages. It was not easy because of the lack of gardening tools and of the poverty of the soil.
To fertilize it we have received animal manure from GRACE, a local development NGO. In the meantime the plants had started to grow in the nursery. We put a few handfuls of manure in and around the holes we dug to plant them. Indeed we have understood that the good health of the plants depends on the fertilizers obtained from animal manure. Our garden is a very good illustration of that. Not only does it provide food to our families and vulnerable community members, but it also enables us to sell the remaining crops. Moreover, teachers regularly use our garden to teach children botany.
However, because of the bad habit of lighting bushfires, and of the deforestation taking place around the Lugufu riverbed, there has been scarcely enough water brought by the drinking water distribution network to reach the school water tank since the second week of May. Many flowers dried up, and the production diminished, so that we could not meet the demand for eggplants from community members.
Today, all Congolese refugees from Lugufu understand that if they follow Roots & Shoots members’ advice on environment conservation, they will be hugely rewarded. So the education given to the children by Roots & Shoots needs to be supported by everyone.
A 05 B21 P03
Hekima Secondary School
Champ de Mais, Ecole primaire de Kilimanjaro


Orange is an edible citrus fruit obtained from sweet orange tree (Citrus × sinensis), bitter orange tree (Citrus × aurantium) and orange trees from other varieties or hybrids (Asian hybrids originating in India, Vietnam or southeast China).
It is a fleshy hesperidium, with a more or less thick and hardened peel, and its pulp is typically formed by eleven segments full of juice, which contains a lot of vitamin C, flavonoids and essential oils. It is grown as an ancient ornamental tree and to obtain fragrances of its fruits. It is smaller and sweeter than grapefruit and larger, although less fragrant, than clementine. There are numerous varieties of oranges, the majority being hybrids.


Although our name ‘Recycle Your Auto’ may be deceiving, we also offer the removal and recycling of heavy-duty trucks, vans, trailers, buses, machinery, forklifts and/or other types of metal farming equipment. Not only will this enable you to clean up your yard, farm or driveway, but we will also PAY you to do so!
The Benefit of Recycling Your Farming Equipment
The Fraser Valley is a proud community of farmers, many of which have been in the same family for generations. And with each generation, technology has changed and advances have been made to farming equipment.
Although there may be sentimental reasons for hanging on to your old farm equipment – considered a family heirloom, there are also environmental factors that should be considered. Not just for your community at large, but also for the health of your farm as well.
Corroding equipment is destructive to your soil, and with the likelihood of there still being many liters of unused oils, gases and other fluids inside your machinery, this too will begin to leak into your soil over time.
Within very little time, due to rain, wind and other natural elements, these damaging fluids will seep into the ground deeper and further, extending into your crops or onto the land where your animals feed.
It may be a nice idea to hold onto equipment your father’s father once used to ‘til the soil’, but in reality, unless it is stored properly, this is actually causing damage to the land you are proud to have owned for generations.
Whether you’re holding onto ancient implements still sitting around the farm, a rusted plow, broken combines, or unusable tractors – we can remove them!
Simple Steps to Removing Your Farming Equipment Include…
- Contacting Our 24 Hour Phone Service …at 778-732-9253 to schedule a time that works best for you!
- Removing Your Farming Equipment …no need for keys, we’ve got you covered!
- Getting Paid …as our appreciation to you for helping the environment!
Recycle Your Auto is the leading Auto Recycler in the Fraser Valley and Lower Mainland region. We will ensure that you get the most money for your farming equipment, remove it safely while aiding in the health of your farm, and properly recycling it so many more generations to come can enjoy our beautiful earth!
Categorised in: Blog
This post was written by chris


Bakwena’s food security project bears fruit
N4 – The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted once again the desperate need to address food security issues in rural communities across South Africa. As the lockdown took its toll, the need for food security became all the more important.
Bakwena Platinum Corridor Concessionaire (Pty) Ltd, (Bakwena), is proud of its various community projects along the N1N4 route that have made a considerable difference to community members’ lives.
One such project is the Eat What You Grow (EWYG) initiative, situated along the Bakwena route, which was successfully rolled out in 2020 in partnership with Zutari, Zutari CSI, CapaSity and Sakata Seed Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd and MayFord Seeds. EWYG teaches people to grow their own vegetable gardens and in doing so create a sustainable livelihood for themselves and their families.
“No one in my family goes to bed hungry anymore,” said Buang Molefe from Majakaneng, one of the project participants.
Said Bakwena chief operating officer Solomon Kganyago: “It is encouraging to note that through these partnerships, training and support, we have been able to make a difference and help communities during these difficult times.”
“I now know how to plant my own vegetables and provide food for my family without spending money,” said Nomangesi Sobahle from Mooinooi.
A few individuals went a step further and decided to sell the produce to local community members and in so doing, created an additional income stream for their families. Their stories are both humbling and heart-warming.
Bakwena N1N4 Toll press release extracts, 20 April 2021
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The problem of global warming calls for a stronger involvement of agriculture and farming communities, as well as forestry and forest users in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said on Thursday.
"Agriculture and deforestation are major contributors to climate change, but by the same token farmers and forest users could become key players in reducing greenhouse gas emissions," said Alexander Muller, FAO Assistant Director-General.
"Unlocking the potential of agriculture and forestry for climate change mitigation requires financing mechanisms targeting farmers and foresters around the globe, particularly small-scale land-users in developing countries," he added.
"These mechanisms should give priority to emission-reducing measures that have 'co-benefits' for food and energy security, poverty reduction, sustainable use of natural resources," Muller said.
Greenhouse gas emissions from forestry and agriculture contribute over 30 percent of the current annual total emissions (deforestation and forest degradation 17.4 percent, agriculture 13.5 percent).
Agriculture is responsible for 50 percent of the annual methane (livestock and rice) emission and more than 75 percent of nitrous oxide (largely from fertilizer application) emission, according to FAO.
"Climate change will affect the lives and livelihoods of farmers, fishers and forest users in developing countries, many of whom are already facing difficulties in earning a sufficient income and feeding their families," Muller said.
Rural communities, particularly those living in already environmentally fragile areas, face an immediate and ever-growing risk of increased crop failure, loss of livestock, and reduced availability of marine, aquaculture and forest products.
"Climate change has the potential to increase hunger particularly in the poorest countries. We have to act now if we want to avoid a humanitarian disaster," said Alexander Muller.
"The international community can only win the global battle against climate change if we succeed in mobilizing the potential of these land users to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and in sequestering carbon in soil and plants," Muller said.
Forty-percent of the land biomass is directly or indirectly managed by farmers, foresters or herders, FAO said.


Magical yield and unforseen lushness
What is the Carbon Kick® Power Potion effect based on?
Carbon Kick® Power Potion improves the photosynthesis of plants by influencing photorespiration. As a plant goes through photosynthesis, it binds the carbon dioxide from air into sugar and starch. Plants also go through photorespiration. It binds oxygen and wastes a lot of energy, which slows down growth.
Carbon® Kick Power Potion prevents photorespiration. This enables the plant to use the energy they receive in a better way, increasing growth.
Carbon Kick® Power Potion does not affect a plant's natural mechanism of action, but its energy management instead. Using Carbon Kick® Power Potion, the majority of the light energy harnessed by the plant is stored as starch and sugar – ingredients that are seen as blossoms and tasted as crops.
What does Carbon Kick® Power Potion contain?
Carbon Kick® Power Potion contains triacontanol and ethanol, butanol, urea, urea phosphate, iron chelate, amino acids, as well as a substance for reducing surface tension, and water.
Carbon Kick® Power Potion is not harmful for plants. The carbon addition is in the form of alcohol, amino acids protect plants from alcohol poisoning, and ordinary plant nutrients balance the plant's carbon-nitrogen ratio.
The precise composition of Carbon Kick® Power Potion is the result of careful research, and its mechanism of action has been studied in the United States and at the University of Helsinki, for example.


One of our fellow Earthlings who’s been hit particularly hard by our use of pesticides and loss of his natural habitat is the rusty patched bumblebee, or Bombus affinis. According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), as reported in Atlas Obscura, the population of the rusty patched bumblebee has declined by a staggering 90 percent.
The First Bumblebee Listed Under the Endangered Species Act
This decline, according to the FWS, is due to habitat loss, disease, and pesticide use. Thus, in 2017, Bombus affinis became the first bumblebee to be listed under the Endangered Species Act.
This species of bee was once plentiful in 28 U.S. states, as well as two Canadian provinces. But as of 2017, the FWS only found a few small, scattered populations in 13 U.S. states and in one Canadian province.
In this video, published by the California Academy of Sciences’ bioGraphic Magazine, you can see the rusty patched bumblebee in action.
Minnesota Crowns a State Bee
Minnesota’s Twin Cities is one of the few geographical areas where the rusty patched bumblebee can still be found.
Proactively taking Bombus affinis under their wing (so to speak), Minnesotans have jumped into action and crowned this plump and fuzzy pollinator as Minnesota’s State Bee.
Minnesota has earmarked $900k to help residents plant native gardens to support bees.
Money talks and Minnesotans and their legislators are speaking out for Bombus affinis. Through a series of bills, Governor Tim Walz earmarked $900,000 in the state budget to help residents convert their lawns into more bee-enticing and bee-safe meadow-like habitats. As part of the program, Minnesota will reimburse homeowners for 75 to 90 percent of the cost of growing bee-friendly gardens, reports Smithsonian.
Minnesota State Representative Kelly Morrison told the Star Tribune that she hopes the bee haven project will be up and running by spring of 2020. “We think that abundant and diverse floral resources will translate to larger and healthier rusty patched bumblebee colonies,” said Morrison.
“I have gotten a ton of emails and so much feedback from people who are interested in this,” she continued. “People are really thinking about how they can help.”
Native plants, including native grasses, purple prairie cover, Dutch white clover, wild lupine, bee balm, and creeping thyme are all attractive plants to the rusty patched bumblebee. While traditional, manicured, and non-native grass lawns are not. Plus, those types of non-native lawns present a lot of problems. They often require chemical fertilizers, pesticides, a lot of water to grow, and a lot of maintenance. (After all, they shouldn’t be there.)
Yards that are full of native wildflowers, trees, and shrubs are better adapted to local climate and precipitation conditions. In addition, they provide a natural habitat that local bees, other insects, birds, and other animals have already adapted to. Plus, the native plants themselves have adapted to local pests, so they don’t need pesticides or chemical fertilizers to grow.
Bumblebees are particularly vulnerable to pesticides and other toxins.
According to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, reports Smithsonian, bumblebees absorb toxins directly through their exoskeleton and through contaminated nectar and pollen. So, they’re particularly vulnerable to toxins in the form of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Since rusty patched bumblebees nest in the ground, they’re susceptible to pesticides that persist in agricultural soils, lawns, and turf. In addition, bees are vulnerable to plants grown with genetically modified seeds.
Native plants simply make sense. And lawns full of wildflowers, bees, and local birds isn’t the only benefit of helping native species like bees to thrive. When we support pollinators, we also support the human food supply. Bumblebees pollinate crops including blueberries, cranberries, apples, and tomatoes. It’s hard to imagine life without those fruits, let alone butterflies and bees.


Garlic is a strong, pungent vegetable that can give any dish just the right kick. Not only does it have a unique flavouring that tingles your taste buds, garlic has many positive and immune boosting health benefits.
Time to break down the benefits you can receive from consuming garlic and how to grow your own supply right at home. Like I mentioned garlic can be a super food with medicinal benefits that will have you eating more and more especially if your growing it yourself. Garlic is jam packed with vitamins and is only around 42 calories. It’s rich in manganese, vitamin B6, Vitamin C, selenium, calcium, and potassium. That’s just naming a few.
- Break up the garlic bulb into cloves and bury them a couple inches deep in loose, damp soil.
- Make sure you keep the pointed side of the clove facing upwards.
- When your garlic sprouts, make sure to give them water when the topsoil feels dry but be sure to not overwater – garlic tends to not need too much water.
- Cut off any flowers that bloom to preserve the flavor of your garlic.
- Once your garlic plant has 5 or 6 leaves, it’s ready to be pulled up!


The fruit is selected and cut from the tree with the utmost care, each cutting team is supervised by an expert in fruit selection.
Before placing the fruit in boxes, carefully cleaned one by one, the mango is moved on these platforms to take off the latex so it doesn’t get burn spots.
The fruit is transferred from the field into the packing house, once it gets there, it is selected for its characteristics and the quality standards required of each country. The mango is manually cleaned avoiding any damage and the pollution of the machines.
At this stage the fruit goes through a hot water procedure, depending on the weight of each piece. The temperature is monitored and registered by a certified inspector.
After using the hydrothermal system the fruit is moved and submerged in a tub with cold water, then it is placed in a resting area. Here begins a very important part of the procedure, where the fruit is selected by size and is packaged, is called packaging area.
At this stage of the process the product is reviewed and it’s ready to be shipped. I personally supervise that each product meets quality standards.
This is the final phase of the process, at this point the fruit is stored in a refrigeration chamber for its good conservation and transfer.
Finally, visiting and talking with customers and buyers is really important to measure the level of satisfaction of consumers and sellers.


The Spanish arrived in the New World in 1492, among the possessions were olives and olive oil, however olives were not grown in Mexico until The Franciscans cultivated a grove, which one can still see a memorial to in Xochimilco, Mexico City. The olive grows grew, became a competitor to Spanish oils and King Charles III halted the production in Mexico. Today olive oil is again grown in parts of the country and is becoming a plentiful crop. The national anthem of Mexico even refers to the olive indicating its importance in the last century.
Use olive oil in Mexican cooking in place of other fats, use it sparingly as oils spread more quickly than hard fats. For instance a spray of olive oil in your hot pan works well in our chicken hamburger a favorite at Ixtapan Spa. Chop or buy chopped chicken, mix with herbs such as coriander,parsley,thyme. Sear both sides and cook thoroughly. Add a side of tomato salsa or limes and lemons. We use limes at Ixtapan Spa for their juiciness and because they are locally sourced. Come down this Spring and Summer for cool mountain air. As you know our wait staff is very friendly, ask them about other recipes you like.


hardening in plants
Hardening off problems. Although plants usually recover eventually, hardening off is thought to be preferable to a sudden shock. Although plants usually recover eventually, hardening off is thought to be preferable to a sudden shock. Desaturation of fatty acids are the most commonly seen modification to the membrane. You will gradually increase the amount of time they’re outside, usually by taking flats or pots in and out of the house.  Water in and between cells in the plant freezes and expands, causing tissue damage. The process of hardening off plants is generally done to young seedlings or greenhouse plants that are accustomed to extremely controlled weather and light conditions. This process toughens up our seedlings by thickening the cuticle on the leaves so that the leaves lose less water. “When seedlings are grown inside in a controlled climate, they don’t have the opportunity to develop the strength and structure to live out in the elements. Solidly constructed hardening machine of different sizes, designed for the processing of heavy and large work pieces in small and medium-sized series that need high performance. Hardening Off Plants. Consultez la traduction anglais-arabe de hardening plant dans le dictionnaire PONS qui inclut un entraîneur de vocabulaire, les tableaux de conjugaison et les prononciations. Hardening Off Plants. Hardening off plants is basically acclimating plants that you started indoors to the outside weather. In the present study, a successful attempt has been made to acclimatize the tissue culture raised plants which is cost effective compare to other existing hardening technique. Hardening off should take a minimum of a week and may take up to two. These are tubelike structures that connect the protoplast with the cell wall. sca-fcc.ca L 'endurcissement c on trib ue à e mpêcher la production ou l a dégradation d es protéines qui pr otèg ent les cel lule s végétales. It enables your transplants to withstand the changes in environmental conditions they will face when planted outside in the garden. By Robin Sweetser. Lengthen the hardening off time. Maximum rates of frost har dening of Scots pine needles under laboratory condi-tions as well as in the natural environment were below – 1°C per day, as will be shown later. η Adding a couple of hours each day it takes 7 -10 days till plants are hardened off enough to be outside all day. Hardening off refers to the act of moving plants outdoors for specific lengths of time so they become acclimatized to the sunlight, temperature, dry air, and colder nights. Young plants bought from nurseries or grown from seed or cuttings at home for summer display outdoors when the weather improves often need to be hardened off. The conditions inside are vastly different than the conditions outside. Non-diapausing insects can sustain brief temperature shocks but often have a limit to which they can handle before the body can no longer produce enough cryoprotective components. Hardening off plants is the process, usually undertaken in spring in the temperate zone, of preparing plants started from seed indoors (or stored indoors during the winter) for the change in environmental conditions they will encounter when permanently moved outdoors. Nursery plant hardening, container gardening 1. The most common problem with hardening off is the burning of your plant leaves. Hardening off gradually exposes the tender plants to wind, sun and rain. Hardening off your plants is basically a time of transition while your plants adjust to the temperature change so that it doesn’t come as quite a shock. 54 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY value in many woody plants before there is actual need of hardening, and may remain constant during the subsequent period of falling temperature. Glycerol is known as a non-ionic kosmotrope forming powerful hydrogen bonds with water molecules. May 6, 2019 - The process of moving seedlings from the warmth and protection of the house or greenhouse outdoors into the garden is called “hardening off.” This most delicate time in plant growth, following weeks of careful nurturing of small plants from seed, leaves the gardener at the mercy of outdoor elements often unpredictable and fast changing. In most areas, this is on or about the 'frost free' date for your gardening zone. Cold hardening is a process in which a plant undergoes physiological changes to avoid, or mitigate cellularinjuries caused by sub-zero temperatures… Hardening may refer to: .  Non-acclimatized individuals can survive −5 °C, while an acclimatized individual in the same species can survive −30°C. : soilrite for Catica papaya (Agnihotri et al., 2004), soaked cotton for Saccharum offinarum (Gill et al., 2004), etc. 020 3176 5800 Move your plants back indoors. Noté /5: Achetez Hardening Process In Plants And Developments From Frost Injury: A Dissertation Submitted To The Faculty Of The Ogden Graduate School Of Science (1918) de Harvey, Rodney Beecher: ISBN: 9781166414498 sur amazon.fr, des millions de livres livrés chez vous en 1 jour The term hardening off refers to the gradual acclimatisation of plants grown in heated structures to outdoor conditions. the RHS today and get 12 months for the price of 9. Here is an example of the steps I follow to transplant my seedlings. The buildup of cryoprotective compounds is the reason that insects can experience cold hardening. And given the right start, healthy edible seedlings will turn into productive plants with delicious harvests. A too rapid transfer from warm to much cooler conditions would give plants a very severe check or indeed kill them outright. Then, close the frame. When spring comes, or during a mild spell in winter, plants de-harden, and if the temperature is warm for long enough – their growth resumes.. The process is used to prevent the core from becoming tough and brittle. It takes several days of placing your plants outside and letting them adjust to their new environment a little at a time. It encourages a change from soft, succulent growth to a firmer, harder growth. If you don't have a greenhouse, move plants into a cold frame, with the lid open slightly during the days of the first week and closed at night. For most plants, start hardening off about a week before the final frost date for your area. Frost hardening and dehardening of a plant are extremely slow processes which cannot be studied like metabolic reactions and which require spe-cial methods of investigation. Drought Hardening in Plant Breeding Improvement in the drought tolerance ability of a genotype through various treatments is referred to as drought hardening. The second phase takes place during mild or moderate frosts and is accompanied by the loss of water in the cells owing to the formation of ice.  This chemistry found within the glycerol compound and reaction between water has been used as an antifreeze in the past, and can be seen here when concerning cold hardening. To begin hardening off plants, place them into a shaded cold frame on a cloudy day for a few hours. During hardening, plantlets are kept under reduced light and high humidity. The effect of hardening off is to thicken and alter the plant's leaf structure and increase leaf waxiness. You will gradually increase the amount of time they’re outside, usually by taking flats or pots in and out of the house. The response to the change in calcium elevation depends on the cell type and stress history. When moving plants out of propagator it is best to do so on an overcast dull day as this will help reduce wilting. Covering with an old curtain or extra fleece can protect from sudden sharp night frosts that occassionally occur in late spring. Significantly, the survival frequency of the new technique is considerably higher after transplantation in comparison to the conventional technique. The Drosophila melanogaster (common fruit fly) is a frequently experimented insect involving cold hardening. Consistency and patience are the keys to proper hardening of plants. Sometimes late is better, in this regards. RHS video - overwintering bananasRHS video - overwintering tree ferns, Join Freezing temperatures induce dehydrative stress on plants, as water absorption in the root and water transport in the plant decreases.  Most insects experiencing extended cold periods are observed to modify the membrane lipids within the body. It ensures new growth is sturdy although growth will be much slower than in the greenhouse. A cloche may be used but this does not give as much frost protection as a coldframe. Surprisingly, many people have no idea what hardening off means. If intracellular freezing occurs, it will lead to death. Plants in temperate and polar regions adapt to winter and sub zero temperatures by relocating nutrients from leaves and shoots to storage organs. For most plants, begin hardening off a week before the final frost date for your area. From project planning, development, design and production to comprehensive after-sales service, we offer solutions tailored precisely to your needs, such as hardening and tempering . Suddenly moving plants from a stable environment to one with wide variations in temperature, light and wind can seriously weaken plants. The term hardening off refers to the gradual acclimatisation of plants grown in heated structures to outdoor conditions. Share this: Related Terms. Our Garden Planner uses data from your closest weather station to recommend when it’s safe to plant out, providing a helpful guide to work back from. more details Hardening off is the process of toughening up the plants’ tissues to prevent wilt in the wind, scorch in the sun, or damage from the cold. It is important to understand that native plant nurs-eries are different from ornamental nurseries in that most native plants planted in reforestation and restoration projects must endure an outplanting environment in which little or no aftercare is provided. hardening machine CETUS. If this happens, cut out the damaged growth and continue to harden off. A plant that has been hardened-off stands a far greater chance of surviving outdoors than a plant that has been suddenly thrust into a changing environment that it is not used to, including wind, rain, animals, and more. During the first stage, carbohydrates are translocated to the roots of the plant and cell membrane permeability increases. This helps prevent transplant shock; seedlings that are not properly cared for become stunted or die from sudden changes in … The properties of surfaces are diverse. 5. Hardening off tender transplants to plant in the garden. High humidity toxic buildup the tender plants to wind, and are protected from any pests or animals or a. Induce drought hardiness stage of the fastest cold temperature responses recorded Join the today... Scenario, plants should be moved into a well-ventilated cold frame inside are different. Ready for the big outdoors get 12 months for the first week plants! Store your seedlings will turn into productive plants with delicious harvests you do plant out. Three weeks, but the warmer the initial growing conditions, plants are hardened hardening in plants to... 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Loving Spoonful envisions a resilient community and local food system, that nourishes all people and supports dignified access to good food.
263 Weller Ave #4, Kingston, ON K7K 2V4
Through active engagement of volunteers and partners, Loving Spoonful moves good local food across the city to ensure that it is accessible to all in Kingston & Area.
The food we reclaim is all local produce! All of this beautiful food passes both Loving Spoonful’s Healthy Food Guidelines and our moto that we only deliver it if it is fresh enough to feed our own families. People in poverty or struggling at a shelter need nothing less to cope.
We collaborate with partners across the City to ensure that our programs are dynamic and tailored to the unique needs of our community. Different programs run at different times.
Loving Spoonful’s Community Kitchen programs convene people around good food. Children, families and adults learn healthy food skills and build community. As you know, good food brings people together, so building programming around good food is only common sense.
There is enormous untapped potential for food production within the City of Kingston. Urban agriculture can build community, empower individuals with skill-sharing, and connect more people to fresh local food – and that’s what we’re all about.
Loving Spoonful’s GROW Project teaches students in 21 schools across Kingston and area about good food, community, collaboration, and environmental stewardship.


Should the ordinary least-squares (OLS) method or the two-stage least-squares method (2SLS) method be employed to estimate market demand for carrots? Explain briefly.b. Which variables are endogenous variables in the system? Which variables are exogenous? For the model specified above, is the demand for fresh market carrots identified? Explain why or why not?c. Using statistical software, estimate the parameters of the empirical demand function specified in part a. Write the estimated industry demand equation for carrots.d. Are the estimated slope parameters of demand statistically significant at the 15 percent level of significance? Are the algebraic signs of the parameter estimates and reasonable? Explain. ˆbˆce. Would you expect the demand for carrots to be elastic or inelastic when measured at the average price over the period of the sample? (Hint: Consider the discussion in Chapter 3 concerning the factors that influence demand elasticity.)f. Compute the price elasticity of demand for carrots measured at the sample mean values of price (P), quantity (Q), and time (t). Is the demand for fresh market carrots elastic, inelastic, or unitary elastic when measured at the sample mean values of P, Q, and t?g. By approximately what percentage amount would the price of carrots have to fall in order for quantity demanded to increase by 10 percent?h. Explain, in quantitative terms, the meaning of the estimate of the slope parameter on t.


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A regulatory system that is as clear as mud to many crop producers and the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union will raise new questions, says James Fitzgerald.
A middle ground has opened up in the world of plant breeding, where new cultivation techniques offer alternatives to both conventional and transgenic methods known as GMOs, or genetically modified organisms. It might sound innocuous, but the outcome of the current regulatory debate on the issue has the potential to completely reshape the landscape of our food.
The UK’s Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology is seeking to clarify its position on these new breeding techniques (NBTs). The big regulatory question is, should these methods be classified as genetic modification or not?
The term “genome editing” applies to a suite of site-directed nucleases (SDN) capable of cutting or otherwise modifying predetermined DNA sequences in the genome. The aim is to introduce new or modify existing traits efficiently in key crops. Some of these crops are difficult to distinguish from conventionally bred plants.
Some plant breeders and the biotech industry fear that regulatory uncertainty over these techniques may hinder innovation and make business planning difficult for practical applications of gene editing.
Many NGOs remain concerned about the patentable nature of crop modification, leading to control of the food production chain by a small number of multinational agrochemical groups.
“If genome-edited organisms are classified as GMOs it will restrict use of the technology to multinational biotech companies working on profitable traits in the main commodity crops,” says Huw Jones, professor of translational genomics at Aberystwyth University. “However, for gene-edited plants with no foreign DNA, a regulatory framework that is proportionate to the risks will allow smaller plant breeders and research organisations to use these benign methods for public good breeding projects in locally important crops.”
Writing in the Biochemical Society journal in June 2016 Prof Jones also proposes a proportionate regulatory framework using existing novel food laws or varietal registration processes.
A group of non-government organisations (NGOs), including TestBiotech, Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth, published an open letter to the European Commission (EC) in 2015 urging it to ensure “that organisms produced by these new techniques will be regulated as genetically modified organisms under existing EU (European Union) regulations (Directive 2001/18)”.
These strongly held and opposing views may have delayed the EC’s deliberations on what constitutes a GMO. In March last year, an EC spokesperson said: “we are currently working on a legal analysis to give guidance on how to interpret the definition of GMOs in relation to organisms produced by new plant-breeding techniques”.
The Soil Association has dug its heels in. Peter Melchett, its policy director, says: “GM is defined under EU law as covering any modern breeding technique that directly modifies genomes. The international Cartagena Protocol uses similar language. Gene editing or splicing is GM technology, and should not be adopted as a practice in Europe. Editing the genome of a plant always has the potential to disrupt the DNA. As with other genetic engineering, gene-editing can cause unintended changes in genetic material, with some techniques causing editing (cuts and alterations) in DNA in places in addition to the intended location. As a Greenpeace policy briefing on this says: ‘the newly created organisms can still display unexpected and unpredictable effects, which can have implications for their food, feed or environmental safety’.
“There are no advantages to editing DNA that outweigh the risks caused by the inherent uncertainties in this technology. Almost all claimed advantages are already being delivered by more modern, faster and less risky crop-breeding technologies, such as marker-assisted selection.”
However, current plant varieties may be unsuited to changing environmental conditions – particularly in the midst of global warming. The spike in wheat prices after drought decimated the Russian harvest in 2010 is one geopolitical event cited by biotech scientists, but whether genome editing could really make plants impervious to such severe conditions is still up for debate. Also, a lack of data on genetic variables of desirable plant traits currently limits both NBT and GM approaches. But as genome editing methods develop – and knowledge of plant genetics increases – so does the possibility of generating new plant varieties.
Many NGOs remain concerned about the patentable nature of crop modification, leading to control of the food production chain by a small number of multinational agrochemical groups. The “unexpected and unpredictable” effects outlined by Greenpeace might include “off-target” effects, where DNA editing has taken place at sites other than those intended. The perception among some NGOs is that science, as soon as it learns how to alter something, does it with relish for experimentation, in the hope that it will provide some commercial or monetary advantage. In this view, modern bioengineering would not be considered holistic, as it does not yet understand all the variables or mechanisms at play.
For some farmers, the issue is as clear as mud. Guy Watson (pictured), who took his Devon farm organic in the late 1980s, is not necessarily opposed to the technology and says that organic and “agro ecological believers” should not give a knee-jerk rejection. “We need to fight the tendency for us to be branded Luddites,” he told Chief-Exec.com.
Riverford Organic Farmers delivers fruit and vegetable boxes to 47,000 homes across the UK each week. Mr Watson, twice voted BBC Farmer of the Year, believes that Europe was right to oppose GM, “as it was commercially presented to us”, but maintains that the environmental situation is far too precarious for us to reject any potential solutions.
“From my understanding, NBTs probably do represent a lower risk, though I am always sceptical of industry claims of precision; they have proved to be false in the past. Acceptance should be based on a risk-benefit analysis to humanity; not on whether profits to seed suppliers are big enough to fight a PR/political lobbying campaign.”
Mr Watson sees the issue as a social imperative, rather than a commercial one. “I would find it hard to maintain credible arguments against improvements that brought real benefits (not herbicide resistance) to humanity, rather than trivial benefits to a small number of farmers. I think late blight resistance could fall into this category – we could increase organic potato yields by 30 per cent, and save 10 to 15 fungicide sprays in conventional terms.”
He warns that we should be careful what we wish for. “This is such a powerful technology; we will soon have the ability to radically change the food we eat by stacking genes. Do we really understand the implications? Do we have the collective wisdom and humility to apply [it] wisely?”
Plant breeders have progressively reduced the bitterness of brassica, which may have increased consumption of an important food group – which includes broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and kale – but it turns out that the same group of phytonutrients that confer protection from cancers and cardiovascular disease also cause bitterness.
“In all likelihood, if this technique was available 20 years ago we would have bred them [phytonutrients] out. Likewise, fruit just gets sweeter and sweeter with every new variety through breeding. Will they soon be subject to a sugar tax? Levels of vitamins and minerals in vegetables have dropped about 30 per cent since the 1970s; probably in part down to conventional breeding. Given the added power of NBTs, this fall could be much worse,” warns Mr Watson.
The French Council of State has elevated the issue of NBTs to the European Court of Justice, which is expected to produce a binding opinion on the interpretation of EU GMO law this year or next. However, legal challenges to specific applications of NBTs may delay the outcome further.
Even though most of the United Kingdom’s agricultural exports go to EU countries, its decision to leave the Union raises the prospect of it adopting a different regulatory approach. A product-based approach – regulating new plant varieties based on the traits introduced rather than the methods used to generate them – would put the UK in line with North America. An alternative would be to maintain the current process-triggered system, which regulates all NBTs as GMOs. Or it could adopt a mixture of product- and process-based regulation. Some researchers argue that the extent of DNA modification is not a good way of classifying the risks posed by NBTs.
The various arguments are likely to muddy the waters further until the regulatory path is clear.
By James Fitzgerald
Headline photo: Arabidopsis thaliana – a small flowering plant
widely usedas a model organism in plant biology.
Source: The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR)
Photographer : Carl Davies
Used under the terms and conditions of Creative Commons license


How do we better encourage new engineering ideas and innovation in the Agricultural Engineering Sector, both in the UK and World Wide?
That's another good question for engineering students to think about...
The Institute of Agricultural Engineering (www.iagre.org) are organising a consortia-building workshop on the 23rd July Entitled
"Engineering Solutions - enhancing agri-food production efficiency"
"The Technology Strategy Board recently published their Delivery Plan for 2013-14, which describes future activities relevant to the agrifood supply chain for the coming financial year. In anticipation of the next SAF-IP competition 'Engineering solutions and precision agriculture technologies' we are organising consortia-building workshops to promote this call. These workshops will help businesses and research-base partners better understand the competition scope and identify potential project partners."
A summary of the Technology Strategy Board Food Action Plan (www.innovateuk.org) is below:
- Engineering solutions and precision agriculture technologies:
Enhance resource-use efficiency in the arable, livestock and food
processing environments using advanced engineering and precision
agriculture across the agrifood supply chain
- Integrated farming systems: Economic geographic and climatic
pressures have led to a high degree of specialisation within UK
agriculture. This competition will stimulate the development of a more
efficient and integrated approach to food production, with closer cooperation between sub-sectors
- Circular agricultural economy: Investigate the opportunity for
utilisation of co-products from plant and animal production and
processing across the whole agrifood system
- Feeding the Future: Innovation Requirements for Primary Food
Production in the UK to 2030. An industry-wide report to outline what
innovation is needed in the industry to be published in May 2013"
New Agricultural Engineering challenges will continue to arise world wide as populations increase, and climate patterns shift. The UK is in a great position to increase the export of agricultural engineering products and services overseas.
Since the food crisis in Malawi and Zimbabwe is in the news I must add the following:
"Africa food crisis: UK pledges £35m to Malawi and Zimbabwe"
I don't support agricultural subsidies (especially those given out in Europe and America) or the perennial food aid given to Africa for that matter.
If there are engineering and economic problems to be solved, they should be clearly identified so we can then find ways of solving them cost effectively. It is both unnecessary and completely unacceptable for the UK government to be handing out food aid to African countries like Malawi and Zimbabwe, without clear, rational and sustainable agricultural development plans being brought to the public table for engineers and others to debate, evaluate and cost.
In regards to Zimbabwe in particular, I suspect most ordinary people from both countries would like the chance to consign all this to the history books and move on now. The government led by Robert Mugabe has made its mistakes and the UK goverment before it made their mistakes, its time to move on now.
The Zimbabwean and UK governments need to come to an accord that allows engineering knowledge and investment to flow so that the Zimbabwean people can build up their own agricultural output again, to a level where they no longer need food aid.
This should certainly be possible in the first instance for agricultural workers that now own their own land and who choose to organise themselves collectively into co-operatives or partnerships to access the economies of scale necessary to reduce costs and improve productivity.