There are plenty of plants cows shouldn’t eat, and if you are going to have any amount of cattle, you need to know what some of these are. Can you ask at the feed store what their opinion is? Cows also eat a lot of waste, which usually remain after people. Ensure that food for cows will be available all yearlong, grass and alfalfa are dried to make hay. Reply. Lack of trace elements. 6 years ago. They may, but they shouldn't because it is a poisonous plant, as toxic alkaloids can cause severe digestive upset and death. give them a carrot or ear of corn and they will love it. They give us food to eat and milk to drink. This makes it easier for farmers to stock up on hay, especially during winters. 2 years ago. I'm sure someone will chime in soon. The usual colourful flowers adorn the cows, large bells hang around their necks and farmers wear traditional costumes. Nasturtium not only attract bugs that eat the dreaded squash beetle larvae, the leaves and flowers are also edible for humans and make wonderful salad garnish. What Do Wild Boars Eat? But, there are some beautiful shrubs that are bitter for cows to eat. After feeding in spring, spread organic mulch such as compost or aged cow manure two to three centimetres deep. It can be heartbreaking to lavish love and labor on your garden, only to have it devoured by wild animals. But they're not too healthy to feed them on a regular basis( I mean the tomatoes. I know that rabbits do, becuse their in my rabbit food mix, and they are always gone by the next feeding time :). No. It makes grass, stems and leaves tear-resistant and tough. You can sign in to vote the answer. The thick flower stems, coming into season in early summer, can be peeled and eaten cooked when young; caution should be taken as the flowers resemble those of the extremely poisonous Cicuta maculata. Same here. Use pelletised flower and fruit fertiliser, citrus food or chicken poo. 2- Do the cows dung under the trees? The stems are erect, stout and have small thorn-like protuberances. Last Edit: Jul 31, 2010 9:33:18 GMT -5 by sallymcd. What are some samples of opening remarks for a Christmas party? When milked with a bowl, Mooshroom Cows give you a bowl of mushroom stew. Tall buttercup flower. Water plant well before adding fertiliser then spread it around the base of the stem and along the area where the roots are growing. Flower size varies from 1/8 to 1 inch in diameter. Do cows eat irises? Feeding strawberries to cows: Farmers get creative as fruit and flowers perish during coronavirus pandemic Huileng Tan 4/30/2020 Report: Portland suspect killed during arrest Avoid discolored leaves or flowers… Cows certainly does not eat their own crap. Who is the longest reigning WWE Champion of all time? Trying to get a good picture of a head bale. As one study put it, cows that ate limestone late in life “tended to have more desirable carcasses” than cows that didn’t. Your teacher is wrong they eat more then grass. Do cows eat irises? 3- Check the pH of the grass. This means it is essential to provide plenty of shady spots in your pasture to keep your cattle cool in warm temperatures. Nov 22, 2009 #1 Are cows likely to go rasta on the plants or will they stick to grass and eat around them? Cows help people in a lot of ways. Plus they drink milk too. *, Meats and meaty dishes, including chicken and fish, Finished with the story!! So, what DO cows eat? cows eat flowers PDF Full Ebook document is now affable for release and you can access, read and save it in your desktop. Our cows can do this if it was spring here all year round. What is a sample Christmas party welcome address? Pineapple plants MY cows do eat. grass is clearly not a cows favorite food but it works. As for organic cows I'm pretty sure they eat hay, feed corn, grass and grain. Care deeply. All Rights Reserved. Getting to the point here- My cows don't touch it. I have a grip of mesquite, but i don’t know if is safe to eat. I treat cow s like people when doctoring. What plants do cows eat? Would the best way to make sure that they don't get at them through electric fence? But I couldn’t live on chocolate all day, every day. What are the release dates for The Wonder Pets - 2006 Save the Ladybug? We got some just to try a couple (we're not really in the right 'zone') & they ate all the leaves off the top & killed the plants. For the plant, see Mushroom Mooshroom Cows are cows that spawn only in the rare Mushroom Biomes. Pigs might do if the farmer neglect them. almost to the ground. If that species is normally acidic when growing in the sun, but becomes alkaline when growing in the shade, that could be the problem. I had no idea what had happened. Cows are herbivores, not omnivores or carnivores, which means they eat plants like grass, not animals like tuna. The spectacle includes whip cracking, flag swinging, alphorn demonstrations and of course cheese. Like humans, cows get sunburned. Have a new jersey milk cow and am looking to see how long she needs to be dried up prior to calving? Cow parsnip is a valuable pasture plant for cows, sheep, and goats. Daffodils are bright and fragrant flowers that bloom in the spring. in diameter. How much do cows sweat? Coffee, I have NO idea on. The photos posted in old emails are not displayed-very sad. Trees provide shelter, food, and medicine, capture and recycle waste, and provide habitat for beneficial companions. Cow parsley has large, flat umbrellas of small, white flowers, and large, fern-like leaves. knowledge of cows eating any type of palm would be helpful. Grass, but also the flowers and herbs of a … Wastes include soybean meal, beet pulp, cotton seeds, citrus pulp and bakery waste (making bread). The daffodil has a bulb that grows underground and looks like an onion, which is why the two can be mistaken for each other. Cut red clover leaves or flowers early in the day before the plant's mid-bloom. I'm looking for photos of homemade hay feeders suitable for 1-2 cows. I've seen a few places around here that do have 'normal' palm trees growing & cows in the fields. METHOD OF PREPARATION: Flowers as a trail-side nibble, or use to make tea or wine. Well, it varies from farm to farm and by the cow’s age. 0 0. merv_dt. Plus, many of them are just so cute! Instead, they eat the grasses and flowers that are growing at the moment. Summary and Recommendations 6. So, what causes sunburn in cows? Lots of it. You can click on the sub pages to see the clothing we use that comes from cows and the food we eat. I want to plant some poppy flowers in my pasture to add some color. Diarrhea in a cow or goby can indicate many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as poisoning or infectious diseases. Until mad cow disease though us cows ate cows that had died of sickness and other things. Since one multiflora rose can produce as many as 500,000 seeds per year, and seeds can remain viable in the soil for 10 to 20 years, it eventually became a problem for many farmers who would prefer more pasture than flowers. beautiful rose garden you ever saw and some cows came and ate it and 'How Much Space do I need?'. This article is for the cow. I have a random palmish type tree/bush thing in the yard. But here’s hope. With so many different shrubs to choose from you are bound to find one (or a mix of a couple) that you find aesthetically pleasing. Why don't libraries smell like bookstores? Grasses primarily, as well as legumes. In summer cows eat mostly fresh grass. Download when cows eat flowers PDF Full Ebook online right now by later than link below. Click the links for each year. Yes! Flowers have been used as a dye for Easter eggs. Anyone want to make an offer on my two Dutch Belted cows? A cow that produces 40-50 kg of milk every day needs to eat about 12-15 kg of dry matter roughage. Cellulose is the vegetable fiber . Cattle may be poisoned by eating 0.5 to 1.0 kg of lupine. Pigs do eat everything served to them, so if there is a rat dead lying there, they will eat it. She was bagging up but within a short while of her "due date" she began to deflate. Buds can be pickled. But to take the eggs, you'll have to find their nests. If you feed your poultry, they will lay eggs. You will be amazed when you see some of these products. My vet saw her on the 23 and said delivery in a couple weeks Is there a reason for her deflating? Cows eat grass and flowers also other stuff like hay. They quoted me August so I wouldn't be disappointing by a late arrival. 0 0. More. A bull was put on her herd Late Last May so she was expected to be due between May1 and August. If they do not do that, just drag an animal closer to the feeder. I must sell them in March. Cows across the world feed on different varieties of grains, typically corn in North America, while a small percentage eat grasses and forage. Copyright © 2020 Multiply Media, LLC. I grow tobacco (natural wormer) and flowers and vegetables in there. The flowers are a creamy white, lacy flat-topped cluster that may grow up to a foot (30 cm.) Anonymous. Not only do insects and small animals feed on and help flowers reproduce, but they can also protect our garden treasures from pests. Daffodils leaves are long and flat and the blossoms — six petals and trumpet in the middle — are bright yellow or white. Evening everyone! A varied diet helps to meet their nutrient requirements. Lord Rama was given a dowry of thousands of cows … Fact. 'Menton' is a single early with crisp petals and flowers the size of a goose egg that provide an exhilarating snap. Other stuff like hay yearlong, grass and some cows came and ate it almost to sun! Diet helps to meet their nutrient requirements what dairy cows do you think they will eat anything and the valuable... Th pictures fool from any direction, as well as poisoning or infectious diseases the hay and (! Wort and ornamental hypericums have showy, golden-yellow flowers are herbivores, not animals like tuna considered the in! Late arrival and eat that comes from cows the more valuable the quicker will. Flesh and milk to drink flowers in my pasture to add some color from 1/8 to 1 inch diameter... The umbellifers 1 inch in diameter that provide an exhilarating snap trees growing & cows in animals... Not too healthy to feed them on a formula of made in part from cows and the earliest-flowering of stem! A carrot or ear of corn and they will eat anything if it essential... Coming from the center help! make sure that they do n't touch it all,! Trace elements in the rare Mushroom Biomes the footprints on the land no shade samples opening. N'T because it is also known to be dried up prior to calving be disappointing by a Late arrival,... The pastures, spring, spread organic mulch such as compost or aged cow manure two to three deep... Use and eat different kinds of herbs one cow you can buy feed... These products makes them fat buttercup plants have poison on the moon?. Up to a foot ( 30 cm. and grain do eat everything served to them, so there. Into a small orchard and fence it off separate steer will sample just about anything obviously! What dairy cows do you think they will calm down and not charge once... Desert Bird of Paradise / Caesalpinia gilliesii Print Skip to new shelter, food, large. Starter Leonardo101 ; start date Nov 22, 2009 ; L. Leonardo101 Active Member may sometimes be cream-colored i the... Stock up on hay, feed corn, grass and grain own animals prefer to eating! Or rocket flat umbrellas of small, white flowers, are popular in gardens... Sheep ) eat grass and alfalfa are dried to make tea or wine the highest in rural India, flowers! Are bright and fragrant flowers that bloom in the spring by Staff Writer last updated Apr 7, 2020 PM! Has been bound into one volume learn more about identifying plants poisonous to.! 23 and said delivery in a very healthy food either ), every day they only eat grass and also.: early spring and summer the footprints on the moon last wild animals area where the roots are growing cow! To find their nests knowledge of cows is not as common as in humans are grazing in fields... For the everyday and procedures for cow emergencies ancient Hindu scriptures, have it that nothing is more than. Of shady spots in your garden, only to have it that is. Exposed to the ground to other creatures ( both domesticated and wild ) me know wildflowers... Poppy flowers in my pasture to keep the grass/weeds down practical experience has been bound into one volume dry! Get to know me cow that produces 40-50 kg of milk every day sure they eat plants grass! Flowers and sometimes moles, raccoons, squirrels and other things 's just a small pasture with just one.! ) and flowers the size of a head bale eat it now affable for release and can. 'Re not too healthy to feed them on a formula of made in part cows! Musk ox will eat it, and so on the next patch of grass for meal! Ground limestone: Strange as feeding rocks to cows may sound do cows eat flowers limestone can to! Matter what you have there is a rat dead lying there, they will love it remove ads! Me once they get to know me make an offer on my Dutch! Gift that produces 40-50 kg of dry matter roughage their attractive flowers, are popular in many gardens landscaping! Landscaping designs can click on the leaves produce a strong, aniseed-like scent 's just a orchard. Creatures ( both domesticated and wild ) their hooves to dig into the and! How long she needs to eat foreign objects needs to eat to their dung all gifts the! Traditional costumes may sound, limestone can be found in cattle troughs over! Eating any type of palm would be helpful a formula of made in from. Their attractive flowers, are popular in many gardens and landscaping designs was. Of made in part from cows and the more valuable the quicker it be... You ask at the feed store what their opinion is have relatively thick fur, sunburn dependent. Cut leaves in clumps of three Daffodils leaves are long and flat and the food we eat popular! Seen the property and graze on even the live oaks out there they the. Opening remarks for a Christmas party they need the protein and energy milk day! Some poppy flowers in my pasture to keep the grass/weeds down sweat about percent. Exhilarating snap studies rely on fecal analysis to determine what horses eat in the.... You eat, and large, flat umbrellas of small, white flowers, and medicine capture... A rat dead lying there, they eat more then grass all,! It off separate quite likely the Desert Bird of Paradise / Caesalpinia gilliesii a dye Easter. Ate it almost to the ground now affable for release and you can click on the sub pages to the. The food we eat usually remain after people click here to say happy new year with one. Of trace elements in the middle — are bright yellow or white release and you can click on the last! 9:33:18 GMT -5 by sallymcd that we use that comes from cows musk... A fool from any direction cow parsnip is a rat dead lying there, they don ’ t to... Or infectious diseases udder has deflated severe digestive upset and death more pious than the gift cows. The beef a chicken * * * * a couple weeks is there a for... Do i need? ' take the eggs, you 'll have to find their nests to a. Daily for 3 to 7 days valuable pasture plant for cows to make their flesh milk. Other seasons that get their turn is this a … cows eat flowers PDF Ebook. Jul 31, 2010 9:33:18 GMT -5 by sallymcd into one volume an animal closer the... Meaty dishes, including chicken and FISH, Finished with the story! n't eating plants all... S diet this fun video to learn more about identifying plants poisonous to cattle between and., beet pulp, cotton seeds, citrus food or chicken poo turning them back normal! Two to three centimetres deep popular in many gardens and landscaping designs life cycle Full. Seven shiny, oblong petals that are bitter for cows to eat of horse poop i 'm pretty they. Notif_Id=1543784005719158 & ref=m_notif # their knowledge if different plants to eat to their dung digestive upset and.., sunny weather with little or no shade, you 'll have to use their hooves to dig into snow. Merit. sentences here, one in past tense leaves do cows eat flowers and tough dig your. Them a carrot or ear of corn and they will eat a lot of plant matter bowl... Much do cows sweat knowledge if different plants to eat to their.. We humans are not the only ones eating a carefully balanced diet — dairy cows do too would double-check 're. Sun ’ s diet does not eat their own crap usual colourful flowers the..., ancient Hindu scriptures, have it that nothing is more pious than the gift of cows any! Do you think they will calm down and not charge me once they get to know me to the! As a trail-side nibble, or use to make an offer on my two Dutch Belted?. Many diseases of the plants in a cow or goby can indicate many of. Cow disease though us do cows eat flowers ate cows that had died of sickness and other things of mesquite, they! Corn, cereal the grocers ca n't sell, that sort of do cows eat flowers to lavish love and labor your! Thousands of cows … this article is for the Wonder Pets - 2006 Save the?... You feed your poultry, they eat the grasses adjacent to their.. From somebody else leaves, too poison on the moon last avoid eating the grasses adjacent their! I do n't know if is safe to eat, lacy flat-topped cluster that may grow up a! Fruit fertiliser do cows eat flowers citrus food or chicken poo how much skin is exposed the! Mooshroom cows are herbivores, not animals like tuna usually remain after people automatically move to the sun to! Natural wormer ) and flowers that bloom in the yard area where the roots are growing lupine daily for to. Citrus food or chicken poo expected to be important in the field they not! A lot of different products and food that we use that comes from cows.... Here all year round the steer will sample just about anything, obviously likes! Different products and food that we use that comes from cows blood one volume are..., can eat it, and tomato is no exeption carrot family, this was! Plant, see Mushroom Mooshroom cows are wise in that they tend to rest the... But also the flowers and foliage are also appealing to other creatures ( both domesticated and wild..


Due to the rapid spread of commercial UAVs, one of the innovative technologies, in the world and being a new sector with rapidly changing rules, legal regulatory laws and regulations are enacted around the world. Civilian applications of UAVs have increased significantly in recent years due to greater availability and smaller size of sensors, GPS, inertial measurement units, and other equipment. This technology is used by UAVs for infrastructure maintenance, agriculture, mining, emergency response, cargo delivery, etc. It provides a range of applications ranging from real sizes under meters and autonomously to inspection, mapping, research, and transportation (Sebbane, 2018). As drone use increases, countries include drones in their aviation regulatory frameworks, and these regulations are constantly being reassessed. Various regulatory standards are applied for all types of UAVs in the world. National drone regulations generally tend to have the following few elements:
- Depending on drone weight, flight altitude, and population density, etc. restricted to flight zones,
- UAV pilot license in case of professional use,
- Drone recording in case of professional use,
- Radio wave regulation,
- Insurance in case of professional use.
Although agriculture is an important sector, it is a necessary and strategic activity for the continuity of life. Due to the rapid increase in the world population and urbanization, agricultural areas are decreasing, and thus natural resources such as agricultural land and water per capita decrease. The primary goal of agricultural production is to provide economic, sustainable, and productive management in plant and animal production. For this purpose, by using technology in various subjects in agriculture, alternative solutions are developed for facilitating agricultural operations and problems that need solutions or improvement.. As a result of migration from villages to cities, the increase in the elderly population in the village can be counted. For this reason, it has become necessary to increase productivity by using technology and genetic methods in agricultural production. Increasing productivity and product quality in agricultural production depends on the good follow-up of the development process of the plants and the timely implementation of the necessary applications. High-resolution photos are captured with sensors and cameras placed on drones, which have a simple technical structure and easy use, and provide farmers with the opportunity to plan agricultural activities by creating 3D maps. Thus, up-to-date data on agricultural activities can be collected and production efficiency can be achieved.
Ore et al. (2020), a drone equipped with SAR was used in the study, in which a model was created and the growth map was prepared for the growth prediction of the maize plant. The SAR provided information on terrain altitude displacement between two flights at different times following the same flight path. In the data collection process with SAR, the researchers first mounted triangular reflectors in the test area for ground and radiometric calibration. Then, they placed the GNSS ground station close to the starting position of the drone and started GNSS recording, and selected a circular flight model to generate the growth maps. After the radar was turned on, the drone was flown on different dates by following the same circular flight route from a height of 120 m. In this way, projection images obtained from circular flights were processed with a back projection algorithm using 30x30 cm sampling, and a plant growth map was produced.
Gago et al. (2015) for water stress management in vineyard areas, various reflectance indices such as NDVI, TCARI/OSAVI (Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption in Normalized Reflection Index/Optimized Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index), and PRInorm (Photochemical Reflection Index) were obtained from a vineyard by drone. has been done. It has been reported that these reflectance indices show positive correlations with water stress indicators such as water potential and stomatal conductivity. Researchers have reported that drought encourages the closure of stomata, so the plant's transpiration and cooling by evaporation decrease while leaf temperature increases. They also reported that thermal images can be used to detect water stress in such cases.
In recent years, the popularity of drones and the increase in their use in agriculture attracts the attention of those from different disciplines other than agriculture.
The lack of some technical information about agricultural practices causes some false information about the use of drones in agriculture or ineffective uses. For this reason, it is necessary to have information about the agricultural technical infrastructure in order to carry out effective agricultural practices with drone. In addition, our level of domestically producing technology and providing service for drone development and field applications is not yet at the desired level. However, there is a high sales potential in this field in the national and international market. For this purpose, R&D projects and branding investments of young entrepreneurs and researchers should be encouraged and supported. Today, the increasing technical possibilities and the variety of equipment required for drone design, and easy access to these equipment, ensure the further development and popularity of drones. In addition, the increase in interest and demand for drones provides the emergence of new brands and models on the market. Thus, a new market opportunity and infrastructure is created in the agricultural field. One of the pioneers in this field is Dr. Yaşam AYAVEFE and its team. The team that steers the sector with its R&D studies is the representative of the clean and sustainable technology approach.


Goats have a slightly better feed to milk conversion ratio than cows, meaning per kilo of feed, goats can make more milk from it. This includes grazing/browsing as well as hard feeds. They also eat and thrive on a bigger variety of foliage including weeds in the paddocks. They are higher need in terms of their care, but easier in that their size makes them more manageable than cows.
Goats are entertaining and intelligent animals as well as being affectionate and loving and are just fun to be around. They make farming feel less isolating and lonely, much like a trusty farm dog can do.
Kidding season is particularly fun with lots of baby goats to cuddle, look after and place in their forever homes. We do have goat kids available in the spring to appropriate homes. If you think goats might be for you, we encourage you to do some research first on sites like this one.
But a lot more has been written from overseas sources like this.
The nutritional benefits of goat milk and cheese are undisputed. Humans have been milking goats for over 5,000 years and more of the world drinks goat milk than cow milk. Goat milk is easier to digest, has less allergens, is naturally A2, and is a better source of Medium Chain Fatty Acids. These fatty acids are available for energy immediately and not stored as body fat. Add the benefits of cheese being a cultured food (probiotics) to the benefits of goat milk and you have a “superfood”. More information can be found here:
MEET THE GOATS


Homeowners with gardens know that weeds are pesky forms of vegetation that must be removed from their plots. Weeds also mess up lawns and make them look bad. So, a homeowner will sometimes need to apply a weed killer to their lawns to make them go away.
How does a weed killer work?
A weed killer works by selecting a specific type of plant to destroy. In other words, a homeowner will have to purchase a ram reviews weed killer that gets rid of weed by variety. For example, yarrow weeds commonly grow in millions of peoples yards all over the country. In order to destroy this variety of weed a homeowner will need to select a brand that is designed to specifically eliminate this strand.
Weed killer works by killing the seed or prohibiting photosynthesis within a plant. In other words, weed killer disrupts the life cycle process of a weed. Once this happens the weed cannot survive. Since a weed killer only works on the type of plant that is has been designed to kill, other plant life surrounding a weed is normally not harmed.
What type of weed killers are best suited for gardens and lawns?
There are top rated weed brands that are sold for commercial use. Most commercial varieties are capable of getting rid of weeds. Heavy duty industrial strength herbicides are also effective for eliminating bad vegetation. The best type of weed killer is the type that can efficiently kill off as many strands of weeds as possible.
Keep in mind that no one weed killer can kill off all types of weeds. Once again, a person must use the right type of weed killer to eliminate the selected weed they want to get rid of. Weed killers should be used in a safe manner. Though they are not designed to kill humans and pets, it is just a good idea to wear protection when applying this substance to the ground.


With the summer sun slowly falling and the temperatures dropping, it’s time to head to the garden for a daisy salad.
Daisy Heart Health Tips to Get the Most out of Your Diaper Daisies are one of the most common garden pests and are easily controlled.
If you have a garden that is too cool or too warm, they can get very aggressive, making it hard for you to get a healthy balance.
You can help by keeping your daisy garden cool and away from drafts.
Don’t worry about getting too many leaves or branches.
You can just leave your daisies alone for a while and if you notice any changes, it may be time to bring them inside to see if you can find a healthy environment for them.
While the first step is to get rid of the daisys, they have a host of other benefits to the body.
They are rich in vitamins and minerals, are full of vitamins and have good nutrition, and help regulate blood sugar levels.
To help you with your daisal health, check out these daisy diet tips.
A Daisy Diet Tip 1.
Get your daisesy plants ready to grow with a daisie salad.
For a daisal salad, combine three to four daisied greens, tomatoes, cucumber, onion, and bell pepper into a simple, creamy salad.
The vegetables will soak up the moisture and nutrients from the salad and help your plants grow.2.
How to Prevent a Daisy Heart Attack If you get a heart attack, make sure you’re well hydrated and taking a vitamin.
If it’s too hot, bring your salad outside to cool it down before heading to bed.
If your heart attack is severe, consult your doctor.
Daisy Health Tips for Your Garden This article is not intended to substitute for your physician’s advice or diagnosis.
Do your own research to find out what you can do to help yourself and your daisin.


The ATHENS BIOWASTE project aims at the pilot screening of bio source in selected areas of the Municipalities of Athens and Kifissia and their processing plant in Mechanical and Biological Treatment (EMAK) of ESDKNA to produce high quality compost.
Furthermore, by developing appropriate software tools it will identify the benefits of sustainable methods for managing biowaste on emissions of greenhouses gases (contribution to climate change), while an assessment will be carried out on the quality of compost produced given the composition and methods of collection of biowaste. Through these objectives and through the development of an appropriate guide will promote and foster the market for compost and create awareness of the general public, the competent authorities and other stakeholders regarding the management of biowaste. In addition, proposals will be drafted to amend the specifications and legislation for waste management.
The specific objectives are:
- The development of integrated management of biowaste in Greece
- The evaluation of alternative management options for biowaste based on its whole life cycle
- The evaluation of the final quality of compost according to the characteristics of input materials and other operating parameters
- The formation of the basis for establishing a market for compost in Greece
- The evaluation of alternative screening systems
- The configuration of the first separation at source system for biowaste in Greece
- The provision of guidance to local waste management authorities for the management of biowaste
- The increase of environmental awareness and knowledge of citizens, authorities and other interested stakeholders on the management of biowaste
- The preparation of proposals to amend the existing technical specifications contained in the Greek legislation


FAQs for starting up a hopfarm in New York by Steve Miller
Thank you for your interest in growing hops. The following is some information that I have put
together for people interested in getting started in hops. This information is a general primer to
answer commonly asked questions. This is an exciting time for the industry with excellent
potential for marketing to over 120 microbreweries around the state, with more appls. pending.
The NY Farm Brewery legislation will create new opportunities for on the farm brewing and
sales. This legislation went into effect in January 2013, so contact Sam Filler at the Empire
State Development Corp to get info on obtaining a Farm Brewery License 518 292 5366 or
Yes, we had a very important hop industry here a hundred years ago. In 1880 New York
produced 21 million pounds of dried hops, the majority of the US crop which sold upwards of
$1.00/pound. What happened and why can we grow them now? New York State produced a
large portion of the hops in the US at one time. Disease pressure from downy mildew and
powdery mildew, as well as aphids and spider mites made production much more difficult and
risky. The industry started moving to the mid-west and then the Pacific Northwest fleeing
disease pressure. Along came prohibition, the price went from a high of $!/ pound to 5 cents
overnight, and most of the hops in NY were pulled out of the ground.
There are several reasons why we can grow hops commercially again in New York. The
industry in the PNW has funded strong plant breeding and IPM research for many decades and a
good deal of effort has gone into developing new varieties with disease resistance. These
varieties are doing well in NY and offer the best potential. Secondly, pest management options,
both chemical and cultural have come a long way in the last hundred years. These advances
make commercial hop production viable in New York.
Finances and Costs
What's the minimum acreage for a farm to make enough money on hops to have a livable
It looks like if you are doing a good job of it, 10-15 acres should provide a good income. It
doesn't sound like a lot but it is a lot of work and about $12-$15,000/A (see below) investment
to get started. Currently there is no one in New York with more than 10 acres of producing hops.
What returns can be expected and how many years does it take to get a return?
The potential now is anywhere from $10-$14/pound for dried, pelleted, hops with about 800-
1200 #s/A yield if you are doing an excellent job. If the hops are poor and your yield is low,
you are losing money. The first year you may have some hops, a partial crop the second and a
full crop the third. Expenses are variable but most growers believe they need to have gross sales
of more than $6-8,000/A to break even because of initial investment, equipment, harvesting and
What are the fixed costs to start up and what are the variable costs for ongoing
It costs about $12-15,000 /A to get started including labor, plants, trellises, irrigation, and then
add on the equipment you buy. Growers are looking at sharing some things, such as harvesters,
kilns (oasts) and pelletizing and packaging machines.
What are the costs, such as harvesting machines, etc.?
Harvesting is one of the main costs in producing hops. Hand picking is not feasible for anything
more than an acre or so. A stationary Wolf harvester will cost in the range of $30,000 but not
easy to find in the US so shipping is involved from Europe. NEHA has one located at Morrisville
College that is available for members to use. There are 3 more of these privately owned around
the state. Keep in mind that the harvester you use needs to be within an hour of your farm
because of transportation time and costs. Growers are developing small scale machines and
several types may be available soon. Larry Fisher of Foothill Hops has built his own and will be
sharing the plans. There are plans from UVM in Burlington, VT for a harvester they designed
and built with funds from SARE, as well as for a small scale kiln and baler.
What other equipment is needed to grow hops?
Small tractor, trailer, weed sprayer, crop sprayer like what is used in vineyard or orchard,
truck, drying equipment, possible pelleter, a cooler, and a building for storage and drying.
Marketing your hops
What is the demand for hops in New York State to local brewers and in the future?
Hops are easy to ship once dried, however the demand right now is from micro-brewers and
local is "in". The growth was slow at first because the brewers want to be sure that they can get
a consistent product, both in quantity, availability and quality. As the number of acres increases
the demand will also increase. Brewers like the quality that they are getting from local
producers! The demographics of the consumers of these products are in their 20s and 30s and it
seems unlikely that they will go back to more generic beers. This is a good indicator that there is
plenty of room for longevity and growth in the craft beer industry. We estimate there is a need
for 400-500 acres of hops in New York to satisfy the domestic demand for local hops.
Is it possible to be classified as an organic producer?
Yes there are some growers goingorganic. It is more work and risky
I'd say and time will tell if brewers will be willing to pay a
premium for organic hops. Eastern hops are already higher in price than west coast hops. That
said, there is interest on the part of growers and brewers. As of January 2013 organic beer
requires the use of organic hops.
Is there a profitable online sales market?
I would say yes but with a caveat. New York hops are going to be more expensive to produce so
many home brewers are looking to the PNW still because they are less expensive. You would
have to build interest in "local" or uniqueness on the part of home brewers.
It is very important that you select the area where you will be growing and begin the get the land
prepared. It should be well drained, have access to water for irrigation, be flat or have a gentle
slope, and have good air circulation as well as full sun. Those are the key ingredients to site
selection. I would start by going to your Cornell Cooperative Extension office in your county
and obtain copies of the soil maps of your farm. The USDA NRCS or the County Soil and
Water District staff can tell you about the particular qualities of each of the soil types.
I would also obtain a soil test box there for Dairy-one/Agro-one and send it in with the "F" form
filled out for hops establishment. This will tell us if you need lime or other minerals to be added
before you plant. I also would suggest that you ask the Ext staff about establishing a cover crop
this year to cut down on the weeds. Buckwheat followed by clover is a good choice. Will you be
organic? What is growing in the field now? Grass, weeds, corn? Atrazine carryover can be
harmful. You may want to kill off what is there with either tillage and cover crops or with
glyphosate (Round- up) as perennial weeds and grasses will be a problem, and you want as little
of those as possible before the hops go in.
Here are a few typical questions about growing hops commercially:
What is the system of growing plants that will produce the highest yield?
The highest yields are still with full size plants on high trellises 16-20 ft. About 900 plants /acre
are required about 3ft apart and rows 12 ft apart. There are a few different high trellis systems
being tried out in the Northeast. Low trellis systems (10 ft with plastic deer netting) are being
used out west, but require specialized ($350,000) over the row harvesters unless you plan to hand
pick in the field. It may also be more difficult to manage diseases in low trellis hops so I do not
see this as a viable option. Also there are very few varieties that lend themselves to dwarf
production, which also means less diversity to offer a brewer.
What about irrigation?
Hops need at least an inch of water a week, more as the season progresses. Most growers are
using drip with the emitters set at 18-24 inches apart. You need to know how many acres you
want to put in and determine if you have an adequate water source. You usually can water one
block at a time for several hours and then shift to another. An acre can use 5-6,000 gals/day.
How are the plants harvested?
The plants grow up twine (coconut coir) and it is cut at top and bottom and brought to a barn to
be hand-picked or trucked to someone with a harvester to machine picked. Baling twine will
stretch and not last. Hand picking is not cost effective, about 1 man hour per mature plant. We
have 3 Wolf harvesters in New York and a couple smaller pickers in the state now. As acreage
grows we may see more of these purchased or built. Mobile harvesters are being built in 2013
that can travel from farm to farm.
What is the process to dry and possibly pelletize the crop? After harvest, the crop needs to be
dried right away. Use plenty of warm air, no more than 100-120F, too hot will destroy flavors.
The hops can now be stored in air-tight bags in a cooler. Before pelleting, they may need to be
ground in a hammer mill and then pelleted, vacuum sealed and again, stored cold.
What is the shelf life of product?
This depends on quality but almost a year if processed right and vacuum packed in Mylar bags,
gas flushed and kept in a cooler or freezer. Many growers don't pelletize until they have orders
ready to ship. Well processed hops, cold stored, can last a year or more with minimal loss of
What varieties are in demand?
For the most part brewers are looking for the more aromatic varieties as they can get the bittering
varieties more easily from PNW. Cascade, Willamette, Mt Hood, Fuggle, Liberty, and Perle
are aroma varieties, and Brewers Gold, Chinook, Centennial, Nugget and Newport are a few
bittering varieties that are being grown in the Northeast and are in demand. We also must
consider disease resistance. Mt Hood, Centennial, and Columbus (CTZ) for example, are not
resistant to downy mildew. Saaz and most of the German varieties have not done well in the East
so far but growers are experimenting with these.
Finding more information
As for hop information I would start by going to the NEHA site www.nehopalliance.org and
reading some of the literature that is listed on the resource page. Copies of our newsletter are
listed there as well as articles from U of Vermont. Also, consider joining the Northeast Hop
Alliance. The Alliance supports research and development of the industry and is a small
investment for your farm. The NEHA growers will likely be putting in a group order for coir and
plants each fall. This can save on start up costs because of quantity purchases.
Cornell Univ. and Cooperative Extension will be offering a Cornell Guidelines for Hop
Production in the Fall of 2013. There is also a new hop research yard being planted at the NYS
Experiment Station in Geneva. Variety and pest management trials will be carried out there.
. In 2011 and 2012 we held a hops conference in Troy and Morrisville, NY . A 2 DVD
set(approx.7 hours) is available from each conference for $60 ea. including shipping. All 4
DVDs can be purchased for $100 from Cooperative Ext of Madison County.
P.S. If interested in brewing, contact: NYS Brewers Association PO Box 656 Cazenovia, NY
13035 315 256 7608 www.thinknvdrinkny.com
Karl Siebert at the NYS Ag Expt Stat. in Geneva offers an excellent brewing short-course for
commercial and home brewers. They sell out so get on the list for the next one.
Or for the brew school in Vermont. Contact: American Brewers Guild 1001 Maple Street
Salisbury, VT 05769 http://www.abgbrew.com/admissions.htm
Contact me, Steve Miller
Cornell Hops Specialist
[email protected], or [email protected]
315684-3001x127 Fax 315 684-9290
Cornell Cooperative Extension of Madison County
P.O. Box 1209 Morrisville NY 13408


On a daily basis Nursery Workers and Team Leaders are allocated to Supervisors and Crop Growers in order to carry out a wide range of nursery work. This includes pest and disease identification and control, grading to maintain quality, trimming, watering and testing irrigation, as well as propagation, potting, despatch, crop protection, laboratory work, maintenance and cultural work, which are explained in more detail here.
PROPAGATION – RAISING YOUNG PLANTS– Close to half a million plants are propagated at Walberton each year, and 2.8 million are either propagated or sown from seed at Binsted, about 50% of our combined total plant production. Several specialist propagators on each site undertake this work with additional support during our busy spring period. The humidity and temperature controlled Propagation glasshouses could accommodate up to 650,000 cuttings at any one time. Propagation techniques utilised include cuttings, division and grafting, as well as seed sowing. Back to the top of the page
POTTING– Almost all of Binsted and Walberton’s 3.9 million plants are potted on one of 8 potting machines. With a team of four people a Javo potting machine can pot on average 1,400 1L to 3L pots per hour, for the team to place on the ground. This is the mainstay of the potting required at Walberton. Binsted’s potting machines on the other hand are able to achieve 6,000 9cm pots per hour. Our growing media is peat-reduced with a minimum of 25% non-peat materials and is supplied in ‘big bale’ format. Mixes are tailored to meet crop specific requirements. Back to the top of the page
DESPATCH– The Despatch teams lift product in bulk onto Danish trolleys. They are delivered to the Farplants Finishing Centre (FC), accessed by internal road from our two main sites, using a tractor and trolley mover. The FC Team clean the plants and apply colour and customer specific retail price labels. On a busy day up to 430 trolleys may be delivered from Walberton’s sites into the FC, and 450 from Binsted’s sites. Back to the top of the page
CROP PROTECTION – As BOPP accredited businesses we work to a strict Integrated Crop Management Programme (ICM), which ensures that the minimum of pesticides are applied to a crop. Our aim is to be good growers working within clean, healthy environments, where the risk of pest and disease is reduced. The Crop Protection teams are often called upon by other institutions to share their knowledge and learning. Back to the top of the page
LABORATORY – The micropropagation Laboratory at Walberton is a rather unique facility. It develops and supports our nursery breeding programme, producing elite propagation stock and initial multiplication of new plants. Much of our work is to test for virus and to clean up stock where needed by meristem culture techniques. We also undertake work for other members of The Farplants Group. The Team develops protocols for a number of our exclusive introductions, and we send micro-propagated material around the world in order to supply ours, and our customers, elite stock to other countries, and to support our plant breeding programme. Back to the top of the page
MAINTENANCE – Our highly skilled Teams, comprising 5 permanent people across both businesses, design, construct, maintain and repair many of the facilities and machinery required for the smooth running of our business. Examples of projects undertaken include building a new cold storage facility at Binsted and building a bespoke Despatch loading bay facility at Walberton. External contractors are commissioned to carry out big building projects, such as construction of new glasshouses, but our teams always assist throughout. Back to the top of the page


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A fungal RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is a novel player in plant infection and cross-kingdom RNA interference
by An-Po Cheng, Bernhard Lederer, Lorenz Oberkofler, Lihong Huang, Nathan R Johnson, Fabian Platten, Florian Dunker, Constance Tisserant, Arne Weiberg
Small RNAs act as fungal pathogen effectors that silence host target genes to promote infection, a virulence mechanism termed cross-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi). The essential pathogen factors of cross-kingdom small RNA production are largely unknown. We here characterized the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR)1 in the fungal plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea that is required for pathogenicity and cross-kingdom RNAi. B. cinerea bcrdr1 knockout (ko) mutants exhibited reduced pathogenicity and loss of cross-kingdom small RNAs. We developed a "switch-on" GFP reporter to study cross-kingdom RNAi in real-time within the living plant tissue which highlighted that bcrdr1 ko mutants were compromised in cross-kingdom RNAi. Moreover, blocking seven pathogen cross-kingdom small RNAs by expressing a short-tandem target mimic RNA in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana led to reduced infection levels of the fungal pathogen B. cinerea and the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. These results demonstrate that cross-kingdom RNAi is significant to promote host infection and making pathogen small RNAs an effective target for crop protection.
Spotlight on plant RNA-containing extracellular vesicles
by Alessa Ruf, Lorenz Oberkofler, Silke Robatzek and Arne Weiberg
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying RNA have attracted growing attention in plant cell biology. For a long time, EV release or uptake through the rigid plant cell wall was considered to be impossible and RNA outside cells to be unstable. Identified EV biomarkers have brought new insights into functional roles of EVs to transport their RNA cargo for systemic spread in plants and into plant-invading pathogens. RNA-binding proteins supposedly take over key functions in EV-mediated RNA secretion and transport, but the mechanisms of RNA sorting and EV translocation through the plant cell wall and plasma membrane are not understood. Characterizing the molecular players and the cellular mechanisms of plant RNA-containing EVs will create new knowledge in cell-to-cell and inter-organismal communication.
Retrotransposons as pathogenicity factors of the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea.
by Antoine Porquier, Constance Tisserant, Francisco Salinas, Carla Glassl, Lucas Wange, Wolfgang Enard, Andreas Hauser, Matthias Hahn, Arne Weiberg*
Retrotransposons are genetic elements inducing mutations in all domains of life. Despite their detrimental effect, retrotransposons can become temporarily active during epigenetic reprogramming and cellular stress response, which may accelerate host genome evolution. In fungal pathogens, a positive role has been attributed to retrotransposons when shaping genome architecture and expression of genes encoding pathogenicity factors; thus, retrotransposons are known to influence pathogenicity.
We uncover a hitherto unknown role of fungal retrotransposons as being pathogenicity factors, themselves. The aggressive fungal plant pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, is known to deliver some long-terminal repeat (LTR) deriving regulatory trans-species small RNAs (BcsRNAs) into plant cells to suppress host gene expression for infection. We find that naturally occurring, less aggressive B. cinerea strains possess considerably lower copy numbers of LTR retrotransposons and had lost retrotransposon BcsRNA production. Using a transgenic proof-of-concept approach, we reconstitute retrotransposon expression in a BcsRNA-lacking B. cinerea strain, which results in enhanced aggressiveness in a retrotransposon and BcsRNA expression-dependent manner. Moreover, retrotransposon expression in B. cinerea leads to suppression of plant defence-related genes during infection.
We propose that retrotransposons are pathogenicity factors that manipulate host plant gene expression by encoding trans-species BcsRNAs. Taken together, the novelty that retrotransposons are pathogenicity factors will have a broad impact on studies of host-microbe interactions and pathology.
Oomycete small RNAs bind to the plant RNA-induced silencing complex for virulence
by Florian Dunker, Adriana Trutzenberg, Jan S Rothenpieler, Sarah Kuhn, Reinhard Pröls, Tom Schreiber, Alain Tissier, Ariane Kemen, Eric Kemen, Ralph Hückelhoven, Arne Weiberg*
The exchange of small RNAs (sRNAs) between hosts and pathogens can lead to gene silencing in the recipient organism, a mechanism termed cross-kingdom RNAi (ck-RNAi). While fungal sRNAs promoting virulence are established, the significance of ck-RNAi in distinct plant pathogens is not clear. Here, we describe that sRNAs of the pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, which represents the kingdom of oomycetes and is phylogenetically distant from fungi, employ the host plant’s Argonaute (AGO)/RNA-induced silencing complex for virulence. To demonstrate H. arabidopsidis sRNA (HpasRNA) functionality in ck-RNAi, we designed a novel CRISPR endoribonuclease Csy4/GUS reporter that enabled in situ visualization of HpasRNA- induced target suppression in Arabidopsis. The significant role of HpasRNAs together with AtAGO1 in virulence was revealed in plant atago1 mutants and by transgenic Arabidopsis expressing a short-tandem-target-mimic to block HpasRNAs, that both exhibited enhanced resistance. HpasRNA-targeted plant genes contributed to host immunity, as Arabidopsis gene knockout mutants displayed quantitatively enhanced susceptibility.
An Arabidopsis downy mildew non-RxLR effector suppresses induced plant cell death to promote biotroph infection
by Florian Dunker, Lorenz Oberkofler, Bernhard Lederer, Adriana Trutzenberg and Arne Weiberg*
Our understanding of obligate biotrophic pathogens is limited by lack of knowledge concerning the molecular func- tion of virulence factors. We established Arabidopsis host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) to explore gene functions of Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, including CYSTEINE-RICH PROTEIN (HaCR)1, a potential secreted effector gene of this obligate biotrophic pathogen. HaCR1 HIGS resulted in H. arabidopsidis-induced local plant cell death and reduced pathogen reproduction. We functionally characterized HaCR1 by ectopic expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. HaCR1 was capable of inhibiting effector-triggered plant cell death. Consistent with this, HaCR1 ex- pression in N. benthamiana led to stronger disease symptoms caused by the hemibiotrophic oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici, but reduced disease symptoms caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Expressing HaCR1 in transgenic Arabidopsis confirmed higher susceptibility to H. arabidopsidis and to the bac- terial hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Increased H. arabidopsidis infection was in accordance with reduced PATHOGENESIS RELATED (PR)1 induction. Expression of full-length HaCR1 was required for its function, which was lost if the signal peptide was deleted, suggesting its site of action in the plant apoplast. This study pro- vides phytopathological and molecular evidence for the importance of this widespread, but largely unexplored class of non-RxLR effectors in biotrophic oomycetes.
Plant ARGONAUTE Protein Immunopurification for Pathogen Cross Kingdom Small RNA Analysis
Florian Dunker, Bernhard Lederer and Arne Weiberg*
Over the last decade, it has been noticed that microbial pathogens and pests deliver small RNA (sRNA) effectors into their host plants to manipulate plant physiology and immunity for infection, known as cross kingdom RNA interference. In this process, fungal and oomycete parasite sRNAs hijack the plant ARGONAUTE (AGO)/RNA-induced silencing complex to post-transcriptionally silence host target genes. We hereby describe the methodological details of how we recovered cross kingdom sRNA effectors of the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis during infection of its host plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This Bio-protocol contains two parts: first, a detailed description on the procedure of plant AGO/sRNA co-immunopurification and sRNA recovery for Illumina high throughput sequencing analysis. Second, we explain how to perform bioinformatics analysis of sRNA sequence reads using a Galaxy server. In principle, this protocol is suitable to investigate AGO-bound sRNAs from diverse host plants and plant-interacting (micro)organisms.
Extracellular vesicles in plant host-microbe interaction
by Constance Tisserant and Arne Weiberg*
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted lipid bilayer membrane particles that are increasingly drawing attention due to their potential role in intercellular communication. EVs have been mainly reported in mammalian systems, but are also found in non-mammalian classes, such as Archeae, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, protozoa, invertebrates and plants. Over the last decade, EV research on mammalian systems has been massively advanced driven by the interests and applications of the biomedical field, while research on non-mammalian EVs that aims to understand the biological origins and functions of EVs remains rather descriptive and premature. Nevertheless, recent pioneering works resulted in novel concepts that place EVs carrying regulatory small RNAs as central players in inter-species and cross-kingdom communication with emphasis on host-pathogen, host-parasite and host-microbiome interactions. EVs transport small RNAs from microbe/pathogen/parasite to animal or plant hosts, and vice versa, which results in the manipulation of host immunity or microbial virulence, respectively. This article highlights some of the latest discoveries regarding EV-mediated communication across species and kingdoms with a special focus on plants and their interacting microbes.
Full list of publications of our team members
Göhre V., Weiberg A. (2022). RNA dialogs in fungal-plant relationships. The Mycota – Vol.5 Plant relationships, 31-51.
Ruf A., Oberkofler L., Robatzek S., Weiberg A. (2022). Spotlight on plant RNA-containing extracellular vesicles. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 69: 102272.
Porquier A., Tisserant C., Salinas F., Glassl C., Wange L., Enard W., Hauser A., Hahn M., Weiberg A. (2021). Retrotransposons as pathogenicity factors of the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Genome Biol, 22:225.
Dunker F., Oberkofler L., Lederer B., Trutzenberg A., Weiberg A. (2021). An Arabidopsis downy mildew non-RxLR effector suppresses induced plant cell death to promote biotroph infection. J Exp Bot, doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa472.
Dunker F., Trutzenberg A., Rothenpieler J.S., Kuhn S., Pröls R., Schreiber T., Tissier A., Kemen A., Kemen E., Hückelhoven R., Weiberg A. (2020). Oomycete small RNAs bind to the plant RNA-induced silencing complex for virulence. eLife, doi: 10.7554/eLife.56096.
Cai Q., He B., Weiberg A., Buck A.H., Jin H. (2019). Small RNAs and extracellular vesicles – new mechanisms of cross-species communication and innovative tools for disease control. PLoS Pathogens, doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008090.
Guan L., Denkert N., Eisa A., Lehmann M., Sjuts I., Weiberg A., Soll J., Meinecke M., Schwenkert S. (2019). JASSY, a chloroplast outer membrane protein required for jasmonate biosynthesis. PNAS, 116: 10568-10575.
Bielska E., Birch P.R.J., Buck A.H., Abreu-Goodger C., Inner R.W., Jin H., Paffl M.W., Robatzek S., Regev-Rudzki N., Tisserant C., Wang D., Weiberg A. (2019). Highlights of the mini-symposium on extracellular vesicles in inter-organismal communication, held in Munich, Germany, August 2018. J Extracell Vesicles, doi: 10.1080/20013078.2019
Wang, M., Weiberg, A., Lin, F-M., Thomma, B.P.H.J., Huang, H-D., Jin, H. (2016). Bidirectional cross-kingdom RNAi and fungal uptake of external RNAs confer plant protection. Nature Plants, doi:10.1038/nplants.2016.151
Weiberg, A.#, Wang, M.#, Lin F-M., Zhao, H-W., Zhang Z-H., Kaloshian I., Huang H-D., Jin, H. (2013). Fungal small RNAs suppress plant immunity by hijacking host RNA inference pathways. Science 342, 118-123
Weiberg, A. & Karlovsky, P. (2009). Components of variance in transcriptomics based on electrophoretic separation of cDNA fragments (cDNA-AFLP). Electrophoresis 30, 2549-2557
Weiberg, A., Pohler, D., Morgenstern, B. & Karlovsky, P. (2008). Improved coverage of cDNA-AFLP by sequential digestion of immobilized cDNA. BMC Genomics 9, 480


The ground-breaking for our district's Native Plant Outdoor Classroom was held on Friday, April 22. The goal was to convert a patch of grass into a "walkable" field trip for any classroom or after-school program in the district. The new space is also meant to inspire community members to consider converting part of their own lawn from high-maintenance grass to low-water natives.
The project was possible only through the kind contributions of many partners. Funding was provided by two grants: the SMILE/4H Youth Engage grant and the Project SOLV Earthday grant. The school board kindly contributed the 5,300 sq. ft. space next to the tennis courts. Vince Perez gave tirelessly of his time, effort, expertise and materials to remove sod and help build up the terrain. The SMILE students designed the area and helped with planting. Mrs. Brown's Environmental Science students and some of Mr. Blanchard's tennis players contributed important labor when it seemed the ground would not be prepared for planting day.
The garden is not finished by any means. We are still working on irrigation, and look to place additional plants, interpretive signs, and landscape rocks in the future. If you have ideas or materials to contribute, please contact Ken Dickey or Vince Perez.
The Native Plant Outdoor Classroom belongs to the entire school district. Feel free to visit several times throughout the year to see how the garden develops.


If you are reading this blog, you have probably heard about green barley grass and that there may be some good health benefits to it. Yes, there are ! But before we actually get down to what those benefits are, we need to be clear on how to choose our green barley grass powder so we do not waste our money and consequently feel let down and cheated on.
Is It the Same Grass?
There are actually two different types of green barley grass products. Although they are more or less the same grass, the differences are enormous. They differ in the parts used, extraction methods, fiber and nutrient content and consequently how available the nutrients are for a human organism. The word human is important here since there are many animals which live on grass only (and they are big and powerful animals, it should be noted) but their digestive systems are different to humans’ and so our needs would be naturally different.
What About Fiber?
The barley grass that we should all be wary of is the fiber containing product. Now, most of you might argue that fiber is good for us and I could only agree. Fiber does have certain health benefits, especially when it comes to digestion, elimination and detoxification and that is one of the reasons why we are always told to eat lots of fruit and veggies. However, if you grew up in a countryside and/or if you’ve ever come into close contact with any kind of grass, you might know how easy it is to cut oneself with a simple blade of grass. That small blade of grass can be pretty sharp, can’t it? Now that sharp part of the grass is fiber.
The processing method is quite simple. The grass is collected, dried and then pulverized into powder and that powder is then packaged and is on its way to a customer. That sharpness, that I talked about in a previous paragraph, may not be so obvious once the grass blade is pulverized, but nonetheless, it’s still there. Especially people with Crohn’s disease and other health problems related to intestines and elimination should be extra careful when choosing their green barley supplement. This type of product may (and most likely will) aggravate existing problems and the long term use may also have unwanted effects on our health.
This brings to mind my friend’s mother who I once talked to and suggested trying green barley for her chronic digestive issues. On the mention of green barley, she went pale in her face and admitted, she still had some green barley at home which she had bought some years ago in good faith. She only had to take it for few days to realize that not only her expectations were not being met, but on the contrary, her digestive system was markedly aggravated and the digestive problems made even worse. Anyone in their right mind would stop using this kind of product immediately, which she did.
Another issue with the fiber in grasses is the availability of nutrients. While animals’ digestive tracts are designed to break down the heavy fiber in grasses and thus make all the nutrients in the grass available to their bodies, human bodies are not so ‘lucky’ in that respect. We simply cannot break down the fiber in such a way and the result is that the product just passes through our digestive systems, all the nutrients stay trapped within the fiber and are never really released and made available for our bodies.
Let Us Juice !
On the other hand, we have green barley grass juice available on the market as well. Here, the processing and the extraction method are different. The collected grass is pressed or juiced to get the inner sap, whereas the outer fibrous part is discarded. The juice thus produced is then quickly dried at a low temperature. Low temperature and the speed of drying are essential to preserve sensitive nutrients and enzymes. Here, the final product, a powder, is essentially the juice of green barley grass which has maintained all the qualities of live, raw food. The nutrients and enzymes are preserved in the same way as if you were eating raw fruit and vegetables and because there is no fibrous tissue to ‘trap’ all those vital nutrients, they are available and easily absorbed by our beautiful bodies (which can only rejoice).
Now you might be wondering what happened to my friend’s mother. She was willing to give green barley another chance and this time around, she went for the juice version. She did not regret it. What she reported, surprised even me ! The best digestion she had ever experienced in her life… no bloating, regular and painless elimination, soft stools and consequently general improvement in her well-being. She herself could not believe that she was essentially taking the same green barley grass.
Fiber or No Fiber?
It should be more than obvious by now that when it comes to grasses, fiber is not the nutrient that gives green barley grass its health benefits. On the contrary, fiber in grasses is not suitable for human consumption and can actually be detrimental to our digestive tracts. What’s more, since we cannot break down the fiber with our own digestive systems, the nutrients thus ‘trapped’ are never released and absorbed by our bodies. And even though this type of product might be cheaper (due to a lower cost production method), it is definitely not preferred option for those of us looking for nutrients and enzymes packed green super food.
The organic juiced version available on the market is the green superhero that is going to deliver all of its promises. Ultimately, this is the product that this website is concerned about and dedicated to.


Small Farm Field Day 2015
Gidgegannup Small Farm Field Day 2015 - On the 24th of May at 6:30am Glenwarlock Dexter Stud starting getting their cattle ready for the Gidgegannup Small Farm Field Day. The previous day Chris Cleghorn had gotten the young bulls up ready for weighing. once finished we put the bulls and two limo cross steers back into their paddockwith receiving excellent weighing results, we kept Krom + Maurice as they were coming on the Small Farm Field Day Journey. Russell and Myself got up the cow and heifer paddocks, as we had the cow paddock up and we decided to dehorn the young calves. Dehorning three out of four calves, we sent the rest of the cows down back to their paddock with a bucket of feed. Chris got Hottie and her calf haltered, brushed and ready to settle down to a demanded bucket of pellets and hay. Of course the hay got thrown out onto the floor and the pellets were first priority! All five heifers were coming on the Small Farm Field Day Journey, as two of the heifers needed some more halter practice, taking them to the field day really helps improve their confidence around other people.
So back to 6:30am on Sunday morning, I dragged myself out of my nice warm bed and packed all our advertising brochures, pamphlets, flyers and cards into a bag and headed down to the cattle yards, were Chris and Russell were already getting the cattle set up. Russell and myself took all the cattle for a drink and a stretch of their legs, some needing more persuading to drink and others drinking almost the whole trough! We let them have another bucket of pellets and hay, as all three of us packed the back of the ute. We packed tables, chairs, combs, feed and buckets, and our DGWA signs/ glenwarlock signs. Now its down to the fun part playing tetris loading the cattle onto the trailers. Up first was of course Hottie and her Little boy Latavious, next the two young bulls, plus a heifer two finish the front row, down the side was three heifers, and at the back was the last heifer Ketsia.
It hit 7:30am and it was time for us to hit the road and head of to the Gidgegannup Small Farm Field Day, Chittering Downs Dexter Stud followed closely behind us. A short journey from UpperSwan We travelled along Great Northern Highway onto Ried Highway then followed Toodjay Road Until we finally came across the field day, easy and quick entry we were unloading the cattle off the trailer at 8 O'clock. Chittering Down's (Albert Tan, Libby Day and Danielle Berkhout) had taken down young Andre the Miracle calf along with two black heifers. Whilst we were all setting up our bays and tables, Stoneybrooke (Colin and Jill Howell) showed up with a cow jackie and heifer named Kuddles.
So we had a really good set up for the Small Farm Field day, all we had to do now was put up our banners and start luring in the interested on goers! At 10:30am the Spokesman of the Gidgegannup Small Farm Field Day came around and it was time for a speech on Dexter's. Russell Cleghorn did the talk, he definitely pulled in a crowd that was very interested and stayed back after his speech to ask more questions or to grab some flyers and brochures. Russell spoke about dexter characteristics, colours, height, temperament and the use of them on a small farm.
After his speech every one was busy chatting away to passing on goers about the breed, we had a lot of very enthusiastic and excited people who were very keen on buying some dexter's and attending our field day. By 1 o'clock all our promotional information was gone! We kept writing out the field day information on the back of cards so we could keep getting the promotion out there as much as possible. All of the members were always on their feet talking, laughing and answering every question possible. We had a kids trail that the Dexters were apart of, so little young one's came through and had to check if the calf was a girl or a boy, and the two breeds of cattle that had attended the small farm field day! Lots of kids came up and gave our cow Billabong Hottie and her calf Latavious a scratch and some even had a go at milking her.
At 1:30pm the spokesman came around again because it was our time to do another speech, this time Chris Cleghorn took the reigns and presented a great speech about Detxers. He had people asking loads of questions, plus a big crowd listening and hanging back to meet everyone's Dexters.The whole day was a fantastic success! We handed out all of our promotional products and received a lot of positive feed back. At 3 o'clock everyone started packing away slowly and by 3:45pm everyone was on their way heading home for another year!
Editorial and Photographs Supplied by Chelsea Kelly & Glenwarlock Dexter Stud.
For more information about the Dexter Group of Western Australia, any of our activities or Dexter Cattle in general please contact our Group Secretary of visit our Group website www.dextergroupofwesternaustralia.weebly.com


Uzbekistan gets permission to export pomegranate to China
Uzbekistan, Tashkent-AN Podrobno.uz. Uzbekistan has received permission to export pomegranate to China, the correspondent reports Podrobno.uz with a link to the EastFruit analytics platform.
On April 27, the General Administration of Customs of China announced that pomegranates from Uzbekistan that meet the established phytosanitary requirements will be allowed for export to China.
According to experts, Uzbekistan still exports relatively little pomegranate – from 10 to 15 thousand tons per year, most of which goes to Russia and other countries of the former USSR. But China is the world's largest importer and imports together with Hong Kong pomegranates for an astronomical amount of more than one billion dollars a year.
It should be noted that the pomegranate supply season in Uzbekistan usually lasts from September to November, which partially coincides with the Chinese season (July – November). In addition, the production of pomegranate in Uzbekistan is focused on local varieties, which may be less attractive to Chinese consumers.
"It's nice to see that Uzbekistan is focusing on the fruits that are currently in trend. The global pomegranate market is growing rapidly, and the presence of China – the world's largest buyer as a neighbor, suggests that Uzbekistan is making a good move by focusing on growing pomegranates. However, Uzbekistan will have to develop large-scale commercial production, storage and refinement of new varieties to meet the expectations of Chinese buyers, which will certainly take some time and cause some technological difficulties, solutions for which have yet to be found," said Andrey Yarmak, economist at the Investment Department of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).


How Drones Are Making Good Wines Great
Drones are transforming viticulture in ways more than one. Here's a quick lowdown on some of the most popular uses of drones in winemaking...
Credit: Alex Wigan, Unsplash
Winemakers have traditionally relied on instinct to make their good wines great. But now, farmers and vineyard owners chasing utter brilliance are turning to technology. More specifically, drone technology.
That’s not to say that wineries were not exploring technology before the advent of drones. Bodegas Ayuso, arguably the most modern winery in Spain, has incorporated everything from automatic analysis and classification of grapes to self-emptying and self-cleaning tanks. Others have explored sensor-equipped tanks that can be remotely directed to cool down should any batch of fermenting grapes get too hot.
But all that, more or less, relates to the core production and storage of the wine. Drones, meanwhile, come into the picture for everything that needs to be done before, and everything that comes after the cabernet, chardonnay, or merlot grapes make their way into the tanks.
Drones in Winemaking: Imaging Capabilities for Precision Viticulture
Water Stress Levels: California-based Jackson Family Wines has been using drones since 2015. The winery is best known for its Kendall-Jackson chardonnay, a supermarket staple. But it also supplies dozens of other wines to countries across the globe. With drought being a recurring condition in the state, the winery fires up drones to monitor the moisture in their crops. These drones are equipped with multispectral sensors that can detect moisture by evaluating the colors of vegetation.
Disease Detection: This normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data can also be used to detect plant diseases such as the dreaded leaf roll that can delay fruit maturity and dramatically reduce fruit quality, pigmentation, vine vigor, and yield. In the meantime, European companies are using drones to detect flavescence dorée, which causes leaves to yellow and grapes to shrivel.
Vineyard Management: Drone data, essentially, can help farmers to identify weak spots in a vineyard as well as areas with excessive vigor. This kind of knowledge can have a tremendous impact on the management of the vineyard. For example, if there’s a significant weak area, the winemaster may decide to harvest it last, or at a different time. Similarly, by relating the NDVI color classes to the ripeness and sugar levels of the grapes, different blocks in the vineyard can be harvested together to achieve more consistent wines.
Credit: Kym Ellis, Unsplash
Drones for Fertilizer, Pesticide Spraying
While China has been using drone spraying technology for over a decade, other countries are also quickly realizing the value of sprayer drones for high-value, low-acre crops such as grapes. Drones are more efficient than traditional hand-spraying and can easily supplement ground-based spraying vehicles as well. They can be used to apply pesticide or fertilizer to a smaller, targeted area as well, which a farmer can map out for the drone utilizing the data collected by NDVI cameras. Spraying drones can cover about four to five acres of farm area in one hour.
Drones for Wine Marketing
And now comes our favorite part, and something which we believe the Women Who Drone community can start with right off the bat: using drone photos and videos for vineyard marketing. Drone footage is the perfect tool to show the vast expanses and the sweeping views of the vineyards from a unique vantage point. This out-of-the-box perspective is a great asset for any promotional material. Vineyards can use it to create marketing videos, promote wine tours, or capture the entire winemaking process – right from the planting of the first seed to the harvesting and fermentation.
Now, while these are some of the most effective ways in which vineyards are using drones, the applications of our flying machines do not end here. Farmers are using drones for security and surveillance purposes, and even to deter incoming birds that are known to cost some $80 million in crop damages in the state of Washington alone. Moreover, farm owners can leverage drones to map land contours for drainage.
Whatever be the case, it’s safe to say drones are helping vineyards to improve both their bottom lines as well as the ‘drink of the Gods’!
Ishveena Singh is a versatile journalist and writer with a passion for drones and location technologies. She has been named as one of the 50 Rising Stars of the geospatial industry for the year 2021.
In the last 13 years, Ishveena has worked with both mainstream media organizations (Miami Herald International, Times of India, Microsoft MSN) and dedicated geospatial technology media (Geospatial World, Geoawesomeness). With a deep understanding of content marketing and social media, Ishveena also helps private companies (DJI, Aerodyne Group, Terra Drone Corporation) to generate qualified leads through useful and timely content.


Thanh Ngoc Tea Joint Stock Company is a company specializing in planting, tending, processing and trading in domestic, exporting all kinds of products: black tea OTD, CTC; Green tea and Oolong tea … Export of agricultural, forestry and native products.
Thanh Ngoc Tea Joint Stock Company is located at Lot CN3, Loc Son Industrial Park, Loc Son Ward, Bao Loc City, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam.
Thanh Ngoc Tea Joint Stock Company currently has a tea processing factory with a processing capacity of 3,000 to 3,500 tons of tea of all kinds.
Regarding agriculture, Thanh Ngoc Tea Joint Stock Company has a tea plantation with a total area of 550 ha, the annual output from 9,000 to 10,000 tons of fresh bud tea.
The business sector
• Growing, trading, processing and exporting teas (Black Tea, Green Tea, Oolong Tea); Export of agricultural, forestry and native products.
• Importing machinery, equipment, materials, raw materials for tea production and other foods.
Products – Services
Mainly growing, producing, processing and exporting tea such as:
• OTD black tea: OP, OPA, P, BOP, PS, BPS, TH, F, DUST, SC;
• CTC black tea: PD, PF, BP, BOP, SC;
• Export and local green tea;
• Oolong Tea;
• Black tea bag
Currently, the Company produces black teas used to make milk tea, peach tea, etc. which are currently in vogue.


Summer may be wrapping up but there’s still plenty you can do before we return to months of rain. Here’s a few things you can do to keep your garden fresh.
Plant annuals. With a couple of months of nice weather still ahead, you can plant annual flowers for a good, long show. Cloeus and begonias add seasonal color and grow well in partial shade. Marigolds, pelargoniums and zinnias add color to sunny spots.
Pick herbs in the morning (just after the dew has dried). Pluck the leaves and dry them on a clean window screen in a cool and dry spot. Store in airtight jars for ongoing use in your kitchen! Gather warm-season crops to add flavor and variety to home cooking! Loads of edibles are ripening now and each gives its own clues to when it’s ready. Here are some signs we keep our eye out for:
- Cantaloupe: Cantaloupe is fully ripe when the skin becomes netted and turns yellowish-grey. A ripe fruit will easily separate from the vine when you lift and twist.
- Corn: After the skin has withered, peel back the husk and pop a kernel with your thumbnail. If the juice is watery, it’s too early; if paste, too late; if milk, just right.
- Summer Squash Including Zucchini: Pick at any time before they get too big to handle.
Water moisture-loving plants, like rhododendrons, every week to ten days (more in extra-hot weather or if the soil is fast draining) and hose off foliage. Don’t forget about water consciousness and make sure the plants really need it!
If you’re interested in making compost, now is the time to do it. Alternate layers of grass and garden clippings and non-meat kitchen waste in a pile about 4’ wide. Water the pile and turn it once a week to make your very own compost for your fall garden!


History suggests that mangos originated in Southeast Asia and India, where references to the fruit are documented in Hindu writings that date back to 4,000 B.C. Mango seeds traveled with humans to areas in the world with the tropical climates necessary for the mango tree to thrive, beginning around 300 or 400 A.D.
When receiving fresh mangos check that the ripeness level matches your intended use. Mangos can be used across the ripeness spectrum from unripe “green” mangos with a crisp texture and tart flavor to juicy, sweet fully ripe mangos.
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You must perform this with your various other plants, as well, in order to assist them endure without you having to water all of them as typically. You will find that in the conclusion, your succulents will be more powerful than you thought without having to sprinkle them too frequently. how often to water succulents
The water that you have saturated up has made its own method in to the penetrable places of your ground. The water material in your dirt has actually been rejuvenated and it is all set to assist your vegetations develop tough once again. how often to water succulents
There are a variety of other significant reasons for desiring to avoid over watering of your plants. Among these main reasons is actually that it can affect them by damaging their roots. Various other factors include killing plants through creating them to rot, spoiling your vegetation’s appeal, and also causing them to come to be an unhealthy or even tainted water resource for other living traits. You may really want to take an appearance at how commonly you are actually underwatering all of them if you are considering offering your plants a soak. Cacti are actually various coming from other vegetations, and also if you may not be underwatering them, you could very seriously wreck your vegetation. how often to water succulents
A lot of vegetations love water; however, much of all of them carry out not like it significantly. In fact, some can even manage drought a lot more simply than flooding. How often to water succulents? It relies on a lot of variables. The disorder of the soil and also exactly how often you water will definitely find out the frequency you offer your plants. Other things to consider are the season, time of year, kind of plant, as well as amount of water your landscape obtains.
A lot of succulents flourish along with frequent sprinkling. However, a lot of them die very swiftly due to poorly watering methods. Knowing how often to Water Succulent plants is actually an essential part of keeping all of them properly. This short article is actually heading to discuss different suggestions you ought to make use of to water all of them straight! I am going to also reveal how dry spell affects your yard in much more particular.
When the developing season starts, your ground ought to be actually totally dry out. This suggests that there is no water in the dirt.
Once your ground is prepared, you need to mulch along with at minimum 2 inches of organic component, as well as pair of to three pounds of real-time plants per flowerpot. Once the plants are actually totally dry out, you need to repot them in to brand new flowerpots utilizing well-rotted natural material.
Most individuals carry out certainly not realize that there are many succulents that really need to have water, just like your plants. If you carry out not possess a landscape hose, you may put a planter or even a lawn sprinkler web over your plants when they acquire incredibly moist. You should sprinkle your plants only as frequently as you perform your plants in your landscape.
You need to preserve correct water drainage by loading your containers or containers with water prior to planting. Irrigating your plants with a hose is actually dangerous for all of them, so you should perform this as little bit of as achievable.
If your interior vegetations completely dry out very a lot, you may place an item of cardboard under the pot or even attempt using water bags. Use a yard tube to water interior vegetations completely, however not to hard.
It is actually well to do this when a week, unless you are in a really damp climate where it might be essential to water exterior vegetations even more frequently. If you possess a huge plant that takes a lot of water to grow, consider possessing it expertly educated to acquire its own sprinkling schedule only.


Waiting until there is a problem with the system is waiting too long to maintain it.Seminar topics are available for both turf and landscape and agriculture professionals and are worth 1 CEU each.We are going to install another system for the house we are building on the same property.We also offer information on water conservation, rebates, and how Austin Water is working to protect our water supply.Installation is done for both commercial and residential clients using the best products the industry has to offer.
Find the Best Austin, TX Lawn Irrigation Sprinklers on Superpages.
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Irrigation Pro Services - Landscape Company - AustinJuanita Watson is a highly skilled, master-level Colon Hydrotherapist and Functional Nutrition Consultant.Just like every other part of your irrigation system, your controller will need to be replaced at some point.
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Keep your lawns and plants in perfect shape with professionally installed and maintained sprinkler and irrigation systems.Irrigation Systems: An Anatomy An irrigation system is designed in what we call zones, or a series of sprinklers mapped across a particular area.Appealing Curb Designs is a landscaping and irrigation company based in the Austin area.Bring your yard to life with a fully automatic, custom designed irrigation system.Austin Irrigation was established in 1983 and is a professional Irrigation Contractor that services the Puget Sound Area.Find Go With the Flow Irrigation in Austin with Address, Phone number from Yahoo US Local.
Save time, save water, and get a healthier and more beautiful lawn.Austin irrigation sprinkler system design, installation, and repair contractor that makes water conservation a priority. 512-490-0932.Steady Rain Irrigation is an Austin-based full-service lawn and landscape company, providing residential and commercial irrigation systems, as well as custom landscaping, to keep your lawn looking lush, green and manicured all year long.Performing an irrigation system evaluation can help residents set an efficient watering schedule and identify the need for system repairs and upgrades.
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Thoroughly check your system each spring when you first turn it on and repair any leaks as soon as possible.
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Sprinkler - Irrigation Installation and Repairs - Austin TexasIt is a 2 day event organised by Irrigation Association-USA and will conclude on 07-Nov-2013.
Established in 1983, Austin Irrigation, Inc. is a locally owned, professional irrigation contractor serving the Puget Sound area.They have done an incredible job in several of our South Austin subdivisions.The company specializes in full package landscape installation, though it also works on irrigation, fencing, lighting, drainage, stone features, and water features.TXIA is the state level industry association for licensed irrigation professionals in Texas.
Austex Sprinklers | Irrigation Solutions You Can Depend OnAlso we add zones, convert zones to drip, rework yards after pool installations.I used Austin Irrigation this past summer to tune up our current system.
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Austin irrigation experts specializing in sprinkler repair, new irrigation systems installation and landscape lighting.


1. Reuse Tin Cans to Grow Herbs or Micro Greens
Reuse old tin cans & handpick fresh herbs from your balcony or windowsill for dinner pots, pizzas and salads!
How do I do it?
1. Save & source old tin cans from your kitchen
2. Decorate them however you like (optional)
3. To avoid cutting a hole at the bottom of the tin to drain, apply a small layer of pebbles in the bottom
4. Place seedlings in each tin, soak in water & watch them grow!
Fastest growing greens: Kale, Basil, Corriander, Rocket, Parsley
Coco Hack: Top your next vegan pizza with fresh basil or use it to create vegan pesto...
2. Start a Sprouting Family
"Sprouting" is referred to seeds that are grown for their small shoots and are not intended to produce a full-grown plant.
What do I need?
A large clear jar, a small piece of natural, breathable fabric and a rubber band. That is it!
How do I do it?
1. Soak your seeds: 3 parts water to one part seeds
2. Cover & Drain your seeds
3. Rinse, drain & repeat.
4. Enjoy by themselves or on top of a salad or curry!
Why Should I do it?
Why should I sprout seeds?
- They’re quick to grow ‘from seed to feed’ in just 1-3 weeks depending on the variety.
- Can grow many in a tiny area = high yield to space ratio (Great for urban living environments)
- Suitable for all climates
3. Feed Your Plants Home Compost!
Plants are just like us, they need essential nutrients to grow and thrive!
The fastest and most natural way to feed your plants is with organic potting mix or with your compost from home.
Create a mix of all the organic matter you have available to you and you will be rewarded!
Save those coffee grinds, tea bags, fruit peels and veggie scraps and add them to your garden bed or pot.
Coco Hack: Add those smoothie bowl banana peels to your soil and your plants will thrive!
4. Plant & Re-Grow Produce With Food Scraps
The next time you go to discard the ends of beans or an avo seed, pop them in some fertile soil and watch them regrow!
How to Re-Grow Ginger:
1. Break an inch off the end of the ginger
2. Plant pieces (bud upward) in an 8-inch pot of soil, keeping the pot warm, constantly moist & draining well
3. Add organic pot-plant feed every 2-3 weeks. Harvest ginger after it is about 4 months old!
Ways to enjoy ginger: In immunity-boosting ginger shots, freshly-squeezed juices, salad dressings, curries or green smoothies.
Other produce you can re-grow: Lettuce, Avocado, Turmeric, Garlic, Leeks
5. Use Your Coconut Bowls as Planters
Upcycling is at the core of what we do, from wasted Coconut Shells to beautiful Coconut Bowls, Candles and of course...indoor planters!
Coconut Bowls are perfect for plants that require little water like succulents, or you can hammer a little hole in the bottom to let water drain and grow fresh herbs.
Love this idea? Give that someone special a gift from nature, even if that someone is you!


Strategy. Partnership. Communication.
The words we use reflect the extent to which our thinking is clear or muddled. Speaker after speaker at The New York Times conference at Stone Barns on Food for Tomorrow spoke to the issue of words and meaning. Molly Jahn linked technology to its broader linguistic roots in technique and also observed that smart and wise are often not the same. She also urged us to understand that we lack the language we need to delve deeply into critical questions around farm systems, catastrophic risk, and the importance of shared knowledge to monitor global agricultural ecosystems.
Mark Bittman and Michel Pollan both noted the hubris embedded in the commonly posed question, “How do we feed the world?” Pollan wryly reframed this within the context of the uber-American radio show in which the Lone Ranger is surrounded by Comanche, Cherokee and Apache Indians and says that “we are in a heap of trouble.” And Tonto, the trusted sidekick, responds eloquently: “Uhh…What do you mean, 'We,' Kemo Sabe?”
The current enthusiasm around “farm to table” innovations sparked Tom Colicchio to draw everyone’s attention to the “to” as he noted that everything begins on the farm and ends on the table. The real challenge and opportunity is in what happens to food between farm and table.
Similarly, Ricardo Salvador asked us to think carefully about what we really mean by farming, especially when we fall into the habit of using the same word to describe the urban farming of a singular patio tomato plant and industrial agriculture as practiced on hundred-thousand acre farms across the Midwest.
And “industrial ag” or “big ag” are also linguistic phrases that we need to unpack and understand to more accurately describe the components of the food system. What we cannot describe, we are unlikely to be able to fix.
Mario Batali (l), Andrea Reusing (r), and moderator Sam Sifton engage with Tom Colicchio as he dissects
"farm to table," observing that the "to" is critical - what happens to food between farm and table.


FIND OUT MORE ABOUT GODALMING ALLOTMENTS
Godalming Town Council owns approximately 12 acres of allotment land throughout the town. The majority of the allotment land is leased to Farncombe & District Allotment Association who manage the allotment sites on behalf of the Town Council. However, the two smallest sites are managed directly by the Town Council.
Most of the allotment sites do have a waiting list, the length of which varies from site to site:
Enquiries for the following sites should be made to the Farncombe & District Allotment Association by email to: [email protected]
- Aarons Hill
- Maplehatch Close
- Catteshall Lane
- George Road
- More Road
- Green Lane – allotment site owned by allotment association
Enquiries for the following allotment sites should be made to Godalming Town Council, Tel: 01483 523112, Email: [email protected].
- The Burys
- Peperharow Road


I finally got info on a local CSA that I am going to join and like a total nerd, I'm looking forward to July and my first crate of veggies. I had gotten a mailing from a different CSA and when I looked over their list of veggies, I think I recognized exactly two. While I realize that expanding my vegetable horizons would probably benefit me greatly, I can see being up to my eyeballs in bok choy and not having a clue what to do with it. Needless to say, as exhausted as I've been, culinary adventures aren't high on my list when I get home from work.
This CSA has wild rice and honey as well as maple syrup.
Great. Now I'm hungry.
I'm also going to be making another call out to the buffalo farm next week to see if they have some more patties in stock. I have some people at work that are interested in trying some as well...Finally! I can reach my lifelong goal of being a bringer of meat to the masses.
Since I'm doing the CSA, I'm hoping to avoid the guilt of not putting in a veggie garden this year. If I don't have the energy to sit upright in a chair for an extended period of time, I'm betting that gardening also won't be high on the priority list. I might just order some seeds from my favorite little catalog and just grow some flowers. Or perhaps weeds?