Paragon by MONIN
This new generation of cordials brings you nature’s unexplored flavours through a perfectly balanced sweet-and-sour base.
To craft them, we searched the globe for intriguing peppers, and used a combination of elaborate flavour extraction techniques to capture the most delicate organoleptic profiles.
WHITE PENJA PEPPER
White Penja pepper is harvested when ripe in the province of Moungo (Cameroon) and then dried in the sun.
All the production stages (harvesting, retting, washing, drying, sorting) are entirely carried out by hand mainly by the experienced hands of the local village women. Penja Pepper has gained worldwide gastronomic reputation.
In 2014 it became the first product of the African continent to obtain Protected Geographic Indication status (PGI).
The volcanic soils of Penja give the white pepper its fresh aromas of menthol and camphor.
Hand-picked and then fermented white peppers with singular animal notes, growing on the volcano soils of the Penja valley in Cameroun.
This Nepalese pepper is picked from small trees from the Zanthoxylum armatum species, which grow in the wild in the Mahabharat mountain range. With its fresh and citrus notes it is easy to see why some call it the grapefruit pepper.
This little berry is used in all South Nepalese dishes from the Teraï lowlands cuisine.
It is here, in the birth place of the Buddha, amongst the Tharu villages of thatched mud huts that these thorny bushes unfold their treasure at altitudes of 2,000m.
The Timur berry grows on thorny bushes at an altitude of 2,000m in the Mahabharat region of Nepal. It is praised for its citrusy notes.
Rue comes from the Ruta chalepensis plant, grown in tropical Africa and more specifically in Ethiopia where it’s used as an herb or medicinal plant.
This shrub which can reach up to 1.5m, grows best at altitudes of between 1,500 and 2,000m in full sunlight. The foliage has a powerful aromatic and sweet scent; whilst the berries have a stronger and spicier taste.
The “kuti”, an infusion using coffee leaves, is traditionally flavoured with fresh Ruta chalepensis leaves and some local cheeses are made using these leaves to add flavour to the milk. The berries are used in the renowned Ethiopian berbere blend of spices.
The leaves, once dried and crushed, make an excellent insect repellent.
Berry from the endemic tropical shrubs of the Basheto highlands in Ethiopia, with a powerful and unique profile.
The raw pepper berries are stirred and then macerated with water and alcohol for 7 days and up to 3 weeks.
The mixture is then filtered so that it is ready to be infused in with the other ingredients of the cordial.
The hydroalcoholic mixture is macerated with the raw material and then distillated under atmospheric pressure to release the various flavour profiles.
CO2 is heated and compressed to a supercritical state that is between liquid and gaseous. It is then passed through the raw material to extract the scented molecules. The supercritical CO2 then enters an expansion chamber, where the liquid and gaseous elements separate. We then collect the liquid, charged with the pepper berry aromas, and mix it with the rest of the cordial’s ingredients.


Essential oils are secondary metabolites formed in aromatic plants. They are volatile, terpenoids, and usually isolated by distillation methods. They have odor and several pharmaceutical, medical, and biological properties such as antiseptic, bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal, as well as against liver and lung carcinogenesis, colon tumors, and gastric cancer (Davis 1982; Yeung 1999; Khursheed et al. 2016). The Administration of Food and Drug (FDA) indicated that EO of citrus is safe natural product, so it can be added to canned food and cosmetics to prevent the propagation of pathogens and spoiling microorganisms (Fisher and Phillips 2006; Nannapaneni et al. 2009; Velázquez-Nuñez et al. 2013). The residues of different organs of citrus tree such as peels, leaves, and flowers that are produced after juice extraction, pruning of branches and change to precipitation flowers are very important sources of EO (Viuda-Martos et al. 2009), as well as citrus residues which can serve as raw material for the extraction of EOs needed for various domestic and industrial uses (Giwa et al. 2018). Sweet lemon (Citrus limettioides Tan.), one of the citrus species, belongs to family Rutaceae. Just one literature was carried out in México to isolate and characterize the constituents of sweet lemon EO that was isolated from peels and leaves (Pino et al. 2010); this study reported that different variations were observed in the chemical constituents due to the differences in plant organs, and the major component of peel EO was limonene while the main constituents of leaf EO were limonene, citronellal, and linalool.
The yield and chemical constituents of EO can be changed by various conditions such as fertilizers, irrigation, climate, location, plant organ, and others (Krayni et al. 2015). The highest yield of EO and major constituents (thymol and carvacrol) of thyme were detected in the EO isolated from the aerial parts during the flowering stage (Jordan et al. 2006; Nejad-Ebrahimi et al. 2008; Omidbaigi et al. 2010). Different changes were recorded in the composition of oregano (Origanum onites) EO due to various plant organs (Kizil et al. 2008). The EO extracted from Eucalyptus cinerea fruits produced higher amount of 1,8-cineole (81%) than that isolated from leaves (75%) and flowers (78.8%) (Silva et al. 2011). The EO of Sodom apple extracted from the leaf, stem, flower, and fruit was analyzed by GC/MS (Wahba and Khalid 2018); leaf EO resulted in the highest values of E-phytol, myristicin, myristic acid, oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OS), and oxygenated diterpenes (OD); fruit EO recorded the greatest amounts of E,E-farnesyl acetone, monoterpene hydrocarbons (MH), oxygenated monoterpenes (OM), and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (SH). The EO components of Sarcopoterium plants were evaluated by Sipahi et al. (2017); the major components of EO isolated from the stem were aldehydes (40%), aromatic constituents (34.0%), and OM (21%); aldehyde component (43%), OS (26%), and aliphatic hydrocarbons (21%) were detected as the main components in leaf EO, while aldehydes (52%) and aromatic components (48.4%) were identified as the main constituents of root EO.
There are no investigations on the EO composition of sweet lemon extracted from various part residues (leaves, flowers, peels) in Egypt, so the aim of this study was to describe the composition of sweet lemon EO extracted from different residues. This study may increase the sources of natural products (EO) used in food and drug industries.


- 2 248 sqft
- Riverside, OR
- 6 months
Ranch✔ 2 Bedroom✔ 248 Square Footage
This ranch sits nicely in a valley where the south fork and middle fork of the malheur river. The ranch has approximay 140 /- acres of irrigated ground of which approximay 80 acres is native meadow and 60 acres is a mix of alfalfa/grass. The irrigated ground water supply comes from two irrigation pumps out of the river, one division dam and one irrigation well. The current owner puts up approximay of hay and. Uses the balance for pasture. The ranch is currently running 650 head, with hay purchases. The blm permits are out the back gate, but the forest permit is approximay 60 air miles north of the ranch. The improvements are adequate for this operation. The owner will consider possible trades. Acreage:. 675. 44 total deeded acres consisting of:. - 80 acres of flood irrigated hay meadow. - 60 acres of alfalfa ground under pivot. - 532 acres of native range. - 3. 44 acres of site improvements. Power cost:. $8, 300.; all irrigation, stock well and houses. Irrigation equipment:. 1 - 7-tower pierce pivot. Water rights:. - 30 acres primary water rights, under permit # g-, with priority date of, 2012 well. - 64 acres primary water rights, under certificate 863, with priority date of, 1887 middle fork/malheur river. - 16 acres primary water rights under certificate #, with priority date of, 1887 middle fork/malheur river. - total 110 acres under water rights. :. 1 - pole barn construction shop with concrete floors. Marlette double wide manufactured home; 2bdrm, 2bath 1, 248. Marlette double wide manufactured home; 3bdrm, 2bath 1, 536. Ft. 1- set of working corrals. 1- bunk house, older. 3- storage/machine sheds. Cattle total aums = 3, 843. Horse total aums = 32. Taxes:. $1, 731. 63 farm deferral. Price: $2, 900, 000 cash subject to seller performing a 1031 tax deferred exchange or trade.
US, Oregon, Malheur County, RiversideRiverside, OR 6 months at foreclosureplaces.com 2,900,000


Lemon Eureka 4 Litre Pot
A very hardy, rewarding variety. A large, roughly rounded tree. Produces and carries some fruit all year round. Main crop matures late winter to early summer. A prolific producer of large, rough skinned fruit. Every garden should have one.
Customers note: Regular/traditional size citrus trees will usually grow to between 3.5-5m tall. This is very dependent on growing conditions and the vigour of different varieties. However with some pruning to manage height many varieties can be maintained at heights of around 3-4m.


Holding a highly reputed and trusted market standing, we are engaged in manufacturing and supplying Wheel Combine Harvester. It is used for cutting, threshing and collection of grains in paddy field. To manufacture this machine, our diligent workforce uses quality grade materials and components. It is suitable to be used for multi crops like wheat, rice, corn, soyabean and more. Wheel Combine Harvester can effectively reduce the labor intensity of farmers. We offer this harvester at market leading prices to clients.
- Self-cleaning radiator enhances engine life
- Easy to operate
- Robust construction
Plot - 7, 2nd Floor, L.S.C, Pocket-H Market, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi, 110076, India


Seeds will stay fresh and viable for a long time if stored properly. So if it isn’t the right season to plant, simply store them in your refrigerator until the time is right.
Imagine growing your own bananas! These can be grown in containers indoors if you live in a cold climate.
Lush leaves and sweet fruit! This distinctive tree features large, smooth tropical foliage and produces bunches of flavorful, slightly thick-peeled bananas that are 3-6 inches long. Heat-tolerant. Harvest approx. 4-6 months after fruit develops. Self-pollinating.
If you live in a cooler climate, plant these warm-weather plants in containers so that you can move them indoors before freezing temperatures arrive.
This fruiting banana has a red skin! Just watching the bananas ripen is a delight as the skin changes from yellow-green to orange to dark red. The flesh is sweet, full flavored and white to light pink. In the landscape, Dwarf Red is a beautiful plant with its red trunk and green/multicolored leaves. Growing to only 5-7 feet, Dwarf Red is a good choice for small yards and as a container plant. Zones 8-11.


SUNBURST TANGERINE $32.99 - Tree size is considered to be medium to large. This is a very attractive fruit on the tree that bears heavily and is red in color. Has few to many seeds and is considered to be the superior in the Tangerine family.
ORLANDO TANGELO $32.99 - Tree is medium in size with distinctly cupped leaves. Known to be less vigorous and cold tolerant than most. Fruit is medium to large in size and very early ripening. Has an orange rind and flesh.
|OWARI SATSUMA $32.99 - This is a superior fruit of the Mandarin family. It is a very cold hardy,slow-growing, and spreading tree with open dark green foliage. Tree is also considered thorn-less. Fruit is easy peeling and has few to no seeds and is actually considered a seedless fruit.
|BROWN SELECT SATSUMA $32.99- A mid-season ripening fruit with good quality. Very easy to peel considered seedless with no thorns.
|TANE-NASHI PERSIMMON $32.99 - The old standard. Tree stays more rounded and thornless. The fruit is more tear drop in shape. The fruit is astringent, so it must be ripe and soft before picking. More than likely this was the tree your grandparents had in their yard.
|SWEET NATIVE PERSIMMON $32.99 - This is the rootstock of the persimmon, also known as virginiana. The tree grows very upright and has small ping pong ball sized fruit with seeds. The fruit is astringent and great not only for human consumption, but also for deer and wildlife
|SURUGA PERSIMMON $32.99 - Very attractive tree with dark green foliage and thornless. Fruit is smaller in size, and astringent. A delicious piece of fruit as it has a higher sugar content than other varieties. Some people like to eat as a frozen dessert.
|FUYU PERSIMMON $32.99 - The most popular of all Persimmon. The tree is very beautiful with dark foliage. Thornless. Fruit is flat on blossom end. similar looking to a tomato. Very unique, non-astringent, and will not be bitter. When ripe it can be eaten crispy like you would an apple.
|WASHINGTON NAVEL $32.99
Considered to be the original and still the best navel variety. Tree size is medium to large in size with a round top and has a drooping habit. The fruit is large, flavorful, considered seedless, and appears to hold well on the tree. The fruit is also known to section and peel easily.
|RED NAVEL $32.99 - The tree size is considered to be small to medium. The fruit is known for its red flesh. The fruit is large, flavorful, considered seedless, and appears to hold well on the tree. The fruit is also known to section and peel easily.
|HAMLIN (LOUISIANA) SWEET ORANGE $32.99 - This tree is considered to be medium to large in size, and usually produces a heavy annual crop. The sweet orange is also known to tolerate the cold. The fruit size is small to medium, usually seedless, and is also known to ripen early. The peel is very tender and is very juicy with low acidity.
ARBEQUINA OLIVE $32.99 - A great all purpose tree not only for table olives, but also for olive oil. Tree can also be used for landscape purposes as it has very attractive foliage. This tree is very tolerant to cold, insects, and drought. A great choice!
|PONKAN MANDARIN $32.99 - Tree is considered to grow upright and is small to medium in size. The Mandarin has very attractive dark green leaves. The fruit is medium size and easy to peel. The fruit also has seeds but the flavor is excellent quality.
|CLEMENTINE MANDARIN $32.99 - The Clementine is small to medium in size with dense foliage that tends to form a weeping habit. This mandarin is red and orange in color, peels easily, and has few to many seeds.
|GOLD NUGGET LOQUAT $32.99 - This tree can be large, vigorous, and tends to grow upright. The fruit is round, with deep orange skin and a yellow orange flesh. Also known to ripen late and have a sweet to tart flavor.
|KIEFFER LIME $32.99 - This tree is medium in size and is known more for its foliage than its fruit. This unique two-staged leaf is very attractive and often used in thai cooking as an extra flavor of spice.
|PERSIAN LIME $32.99 - A medium spreading tree that bears fragrant blossoms and shiny fruit all year in cooler climates. Contains few thorns and is very cold tolerant. The fruit is medium to small in size and is very juicy. Usually is picked green and is yellow when mature; does not hold well on the tree.
|THORNLESS KEY LIME$32.99 - This is a medium but twiggy tree with a dense top and small leaves. It is very frost sensitive with very small and juicy fruit. Also known as the "bartenders lime" due to its popularity to be mixed with so many types of alcohol. Usually picked when green and turns yellow when mature.
|IMPROVED MEYER LEMON $32.99 - Fruit is known to have thin skin and juicy. Also is considered to be mild and crossed with an orange explaining the trees rounded top. Perfect for pies and lemonade, and is very unique in that it will bear multiple crops per season. Tree is considered to be small to medium in size.
|LISBON LEMON $32.99 - The tree is large, thorny, and stands upright with dense foliage. The flowers and new growth when appearing tend to have a purple tint. Fruit is medium in size and best picked when ripened; also tends to over ripen quite easily.
|EUREKA VARIEGATED PINK LEMON $32.99 - This tree is smaller in size with small thorns. It has a very attractive variegation on both foliage and fruit. Fruit is medium in size with pink flesh.
|NAGAMI TART KUMQUAT $32.99
A very cold tolerant tree with small dark green leaves and very fine branches. Fruit holds well on the tree with a smaller and more oval shape. This particular fruit is used primarily for canning.
|MEIW A SWEET KUMQUAT $32.99 - The tree is small to medium in size with smaller leaves and is very tolerant to the cold. The fruit holds well on the tree, is small, and has a round shape; known to be very good to eat fresh off of the tree.
|RED GRAPEFRUIT $32.99 - The tree is large in size and is known to be cold tolerant. The flesh and rind of the fruit has a crimson tinge. Also ripens midseason and holds well on the tree.
|CELESTE FIG - Tree is medium in size bearing fruit of excellent quality. The fruit has very thin delicate skin. It's most popular for fresh eating and cooking.
|BROWN TURKEY FIG - Tree size is medium and is similar to the Celeste but is more tolerant to cold weather. The fruit is of good quality.
|CALAMONDIN $32.99 - The tree is small in size with fine branches, and oval leaves. Known to be very productive and cold tolerant. The fruit is very small, tender, and known to bear sour to most people.
|LILA AVOCADO $36.99- This fruit is green when ripened unlike the black/purple Hass. It is becoming more popular for being more cold tolerant. Fruit holds well on the tree.
|JOEY AVOCADO $36.99- This fruit is black/purple when ripened like the Hass. It is becoming more popular for being more cold tolerant. Fruit holds well on the tree.
|HASS AVOCADO $36.99 - This is the most superior of the Avocado varieties. The fruit, when ripened, is purple in color and small in size with small bumps on its skin. This variety is the most popular throughout the entire world, and is best know for its use in making guacamole.


On 26 October this year, the Regional Seminar with the title “Identification of Products, Beverages, Dishes and Handicrafts of the Republic of Moldova, Potential to Be Registered as Geographical Indications (GIs), Appellations of Origin (AO) and Traditional Specialties Guaranteed (STG) and Business Development based on Traditional Products” was organized in the town of Balti. The event was organized in the framework of the Action Plan of implementation of the European Union Technical Assistance Project “Support to Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights” in the Republic of Moldova, being carried out in collaboration with the State Agency on Intellectual Property (AGEPI). The activity was part of the series of training seminars held in the northern, southern and central regions of the country.
The event was attended by representatives of the local public authorities, civil society in the agricultural and rural development sector from the Rascani, Glodeni, Falesti, Sangerei, Floresti and Balti districts. Specialists from the District Agriculture and Food Directorates of the territorial branches of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, representatives of the regional offices of the Rural Extension Network, FNFM, Associations on Branches and Profiles, agricultural producers and craftsmen who were identified in the Study were present. The team of European experts responsible for project implementation and AGEPI representative were also present.
The seminar was opened by Victoria Pulbere, Head of the National Trademarks Division of AGEPI, which highlighted the benefits of business based on geographical indications and development potential, as well as the peculiarities of protection, registration and use of GIs, AO and TSG in the Republic of Moldova. The participants in the seminar asked questions about the steps and procedures for collecting and submitting the set of documents for agricultural products that could be registered and promoted under geographical indications, especially goat cheese, berries, as well as for handicrafts.
Key Expert 3 on Project Intellectual Property, Yuriy Kapitsa, spoke about project support in the development of the country’s geographical indications system, and highlighted the identification of potential traditional products to be promoted under geographical indications at national and international level.
An increased interest was shown in the presentation of the EU Expert in Geographical Indications Elena Micheletti, who communicated to the participants about the practical experience of identifying, registering and developing GI-based businesses within the EU Member States. For a better understanding of the role of the geographical indications system, case studies demonstrating the opportunities open to entrepreneurs and the potential of GI products in Italy, such as the Parmigiano Reggiano cheese and the Prosciutto di Parma ham, were reviewed. The expert reiterated that exploring the potential of national traditional products has the capacity to generate added value in both local and export markets, and consumers appreciate the savor and exceptional taste of these products to the right value.
The regional seminar was moderated by the non-key National Expertof the Project, Anatolie Fala, who presented the preventive results of the “Study on Identification of Products, Beverages, Dishes and Handicrafts Potential to Be Registered and Promoted Under GIs, AO or Recognized as GIs in the Regions of the Republic of Moldova” and the support provided by the Government of the Republic of Moldova through the National Fund for Agricultural and Rural Development. In the framework of the Study were identified 61 products, beverages, dishes and handicrafts with potential to be registered under GIs, AO and TSG.
Subsequently, agricultural products and handicrafts were presented by the entrepreneurs and the producers: Viorel Prisacari - Manager “Privisio” LTD and producer of Magna Cheese from Singerei district; Marinescu Iurie - Chairmen of the Marfidor Cooperative from the village of Dobrusa Veche, producers of bacciferous crops; Ungureanu Alexandra - Leader of the group of berry producers from the village of Cucueti, Riscani district; Pasat Parascovia - a folk craftsman, producer of natural carpets of unpainted wool from the village of Ustia, Glodeni district; Eugenia Moldovanu - a folk craftsman, producer of handicraft objects of ecological vegetal fibers and Vasile Sicora - a folk craftsman in the artistic carving in wood from the Falesti district.
As a result, the seminar has facilitated discussion and exchange of views that will enable an effective synergy and collaboration to further explore local markets and promote local products at national and international level.
The EuropeAid/137467/DH/SER/MD Technical Assistance Project “Support to Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights” was launched in November 2016, with a two-year implementation period, one of the core objectives being to improve the geographical indications system in the Republic of Moldova.


Sunday, July 01, 1990
How many of you have gardens at your house or apartment? What do you grow -- flowers, vegetables?
This is a packet of seeds. Seeds come in all different kinds of sizes and shapes and colors -- just like the flowers and vegetables they grow into. Let's take a look at these seeds.
Isn't it amazing that little seeds like these can grow into beautiful flower bushes or plants? Even a big watermelon grows from a little seed!
Something that's even more amazing is how God takes the little things we do for Him and turns them into wonderful big results. Whenever we are obedient to Him -- by helping another boy or girl, by doing what our parents tell us, by reading God's Word and praying -- we plant a tiny seed that God can use to produce wonderful things.
What a shame to take seeds like these and waste them. Why throw them away when they can be planted and grow into new life? And what a shame not to plant seeds of love and caring in our own lives, so that God can use them to grow us strong spiritually.
So whenever you do what God asks you to do, think about the seed you've just planted -- the seed that God can use to grow something wonderful! (JMD)


Today we teach you how to germinate marijuana seeds easily. Many people are getting started in Cannabis self-cultivation, either because it is becoming more and more socially accepted, either because of a disease they have been recommended to or just for the pleasure of smoking your own weed. Many people are very slow to plant their marijuana seeds, because they find it difficult, or because they often die when they germinate them. This is because they don’t have enough information on how to do the process, and they are either too cold, too hot, too waterlogged, or too dry.
With this article, we will try that when you germinate your seeds, you don’t have hardly any lows, and if you don’t get one of 10, and not that you die 9 of 10. You only have to follow some simple steps that we detail one by one:
Materials needed to germinate seeds successfully
- Kitchen paper.
- Plastic Tupperware.
- B.A.C. X-Seed
- Aluminum paper (if the tupper has transparent parts)
- The marijuana seeds we want to germinate.
Steps to germinate marijuana seeds
Now that we have everything we start the process of germination of the seeds:
Step 1: Preparation
Prepare all the necessary material by hand, so as not to have any inconvenience when taking one thing or another.
Step 2: Soak the seeds
Submerge the Marijuana Seeds in B.A.C.’s X-Seed liquid for a full hour. Shake it with a spoon from time to time to soak the seeds well.
Step 3: Germination
While the seeds are soaked, we prepare the Tupper, making a bed for it downstairs with wet kitchen paper, without it being watered. Personally, I make 3 layers, wet it and let it drain without wrinkling it, just like a T-shirt, and spit out the excess water quite well. We don’t have to worry about it drying out, so as long as it’s completely wet there’s no need to worry about it.
Step 4: Separation
Once they have been in B.A.C.’s X-Seed liquid for an hour, with the help of a spoon, we carefully remove the seeds from the liquid and place them on the bottom of the Tupper, distributing them well, so that the roots do not get mixed up with each other.
Step 5: Cover the seeds
Once all the Cannabis seeds have been placed in the bottom of the Tupper, we cover it with another layer of paper, like the one before for the bottom, but we place it covering the seeds completely, making them remain between the two wet papers, all the seeds.
Step 6: Care
Once this is done, you have to close the Tupper, which will never dry your kitchen papers, which is the fault that many growers have, when the paper dries and add more water, and throw more so that it takes longer to dry … All this bothers our process, to put them in the closed Tupper we forget this. If our Tupper is transparent, as is our case, then we cover it completely so that no light enters it in any way. In our case we have used aluminum foil.
Step 7: Setting the temperature
Once our Tupper is closed and isolated from light, we must leave it in a place with a pleasant temperature. In winter, with the cold is more difficult to find a pleasant place for them, so we must find a source of heat that is not excessive, we can use the computer modem, a tdt … The play is too hot and will cook, nor should be passed … We chose the home DTT to place our Tupper.
Step 8: Care
After 1 day or so, our seeds will open, letting their first root emerge, with which we must be very careful when handling our seeds. We should not leave them too long, once opened they can be transplanted into the soil.
Step 9: Go Down to Earth
Now that we have sprouted them, we have to pass them to the definitive medium, normally they are passed to the ground, but you can put them in a rock wool block to make their growth in hydro, in a jiffy to make cultivation in coconut… We will dedicate ourselves to explain in the ground, which is the most common thing.
Fill a small pot with soil, maximum half a liter. We water it well before depositing our seed into the pot. Once the soil is wet (but not waterlogged) and you notice that the pot is already heavy, we make a hole in it with our fingertip, more or less half to 1 cm. and we place our seed, with the root pointing downwards. We cover it with a little bit of soil, it should be half or one cm away from the surface, and we will have our seed ready to come to life. We only have to put it in the sun, or in the lamps, or wherever we are going to cultivate it, because in a couple of days, our new sprout will appear and it will not stop growing until the end.
Once the seed comes out, it becomes long by itself, it is not that they are gleaned or anything of that, it is because they look for the light, or simply it has been formed this way. And there that we advise the small flowerpot to germinate, for to the 10 days more or less since it leaves that it stops stretching, to pass it to a flowerpot already bigger, of about 3.5L to bury the excess of trunk, since of there also it leaves root to them and the plant will leave much stronger, to part that you will be able to bury it and you will save in space of the flowerpot to the first branches.
Soon we will put the second part of the article, where we will see how to plant cannabis in the ground, and how to make the transplant burying the roots.


Abstract. LEONEL, M. and CERADA, M.P.. Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger from “manipueira”, a manioc liquid residue. Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.). Produção de ácido cítrico a partir do cultivo de Aspergillus niger e Trichoderma reesei em bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e fermentação etanólica do extrato. The National Agricultural Library is one of four national libraries of the United States, with locations in Beltsville, Maryland and Washington, D.C. It houses one of.
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In spite of the large number of producer strains available, it is still important to generate strains with some advantageous characteristics, ctrico as enhanced citric acid production and increased rate of fermentation.
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Delete comment or cancel. A produccion de acido citrico por aspergillus niger study of the lactic acid fermentation. Creating downloadable prezi, be patient.
Constrain to simple back and forward steps. Twenty citric acid producing strains of Aspergillus niger were tested regarding their capacity to produce citric acid in various media composition under surface and submerged growth conditions. This strain was used in the present work as a model strain for the selection of mutants. Check out this article to learn more or contact your system administrator.
The amount of acid in broth was measured by titration with 0. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.
Mutantes de Aspergillus niger en la produccion de acido citrico
Citric acid accumulation by cycloheximide-sensitive mutant strains of Aspergillus niger. After determining the better citeico conditions a were monitoring in cirico time of the process. Send the produvcion below via email or IM.
Manganese deficiency leads to elevated amino acid pools in citric acid accumulating Aspergillus niger. Suraia Said for her support and encouragement.
Manipueira como substrato na biossíntese de ácido cítrico por Aspergillus niger
This may represent an advantage by permiting a more extended period of citric acid fermentation, an interesting economic characteristic. Send the link below via email cigrico IM. Overexpression of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in citric acid-producing Aspergillus niger. Present citric your audience. Neither you, nor the coeditors you shared it with will be able to recover it again.
Microbial metabolism of oxalic acid. Asprrgillus this substrate the acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of the lactose are compared in order to provide the microorganism with an easily assimilated source of carbon.
Also, the content of nucleic acids in these mutants was two to three times higher relative to the parental. Thanks are also due to Prof. Most of the mutants showed almost the same radial growth as the parental strain after 72 hours of incubation data not shown.
Results suggests the viability in the use of two important by-products of the sugarcane industry via microbial consortium by SSC, leading an interesting research field with various scientific and regional aspects. Hyper production of pyrimidines is one of these mechanisms that might be occurring in the mutants isolated in the present work and that helps to explain the increase in the total amount of nucleic acid and protein in the mutants studied. Our most recent newsletters since August can be found here.
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The fermentation process was carried acieo in a submerged, agitated batch cultivation. Services on Demand Journal. The main objective of aspergollus present research seeks to design two types of bioreactors for producing metabolites of ethylic alcohol and citric acid at the laboratory.
PRODUCCION DE ACIDO CITRICO POR ASPERGILLUS NIGER DOWNLOAD
The best mutant FR13 accumulated double the amount of citric acid produced by the parental strain. Twenty-two mutants were isolated, 20 of them resistant and 2 sensitive, and inoculated in the presence of 5-FC to test growth impairment. April 18, ; Approved: For the isolation of resistant mutants, after 24, 48 and 72 h, the broth was filtered through a glass wool filter to remove the germinated conidia, which were immediately plated onto medium containing 5-FC.
In the entire whey EW and unprotein hydrolyzed whey UHW was studied the effect of the pH, and the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus; besides, in the hydrolyzed whey HW the complementation with sucrose afterwards it was studied the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus in the EW and UHW the production of citric acid was evaluated by adding magnesium, carboxymethyl cellulose CMCgelatin and methanol to the whey.
June 18, admin 0 Comments. Ana Paula de F. Ciitrico more popular or the latest prezis. El gen Fdrs1 se amplifica por PCR. Five mutants selected for 5-FC resistance showed a small increase in the rate of citric acid accumulation as shown in Table 1.
SSC of this fungus from sugarcane bagasse resulted in mg L-1 of citric acid content in 4 days without addition of sucrose to the solid medium. This work is part of a thesis submittted by Ana Paula F.


Idle Farming Business
Idle Farming Business is a casual manager/tycoon game where you can run and grow your own farm as you buy new land plots, plant crops, harvest and sell them for a profit. Get the full info here.
It features daily rewards, suitability for all screen sizes, endless gameplay and more!
Grow your farm till you’re old!
Controls and instructions
- The mouse controls everything, but you can also tap to play.
- Swipe to harvest crops.
- Upgrade crops to increase productivity.
- Discover new features as you embark on this interesting journey to grow your farm business!
- Trigger boosts such as Sunshine and Rain, to multiply your output.
- Unlock new land plots each with unique crops.
- Line up investors to purchase your farm!
More tycoon games
Added In: April 11th, 2023
Developer and/or publisher: MarketJS
Link to Idle Farming Business
Embed this game to your website


It is very fitting that just as we are getting ready to come back to school, so are our sunflowers. Many families have emailed me about planting their sunflowers at school. To help us learn about planting, Ms. Li has created 3 videos for us to watch. If your sunflower is already in your garden, that's great. If you want to bring it back to school and plant it in one of the garden plots that's great too. You can come to school anytime on Friday, May 29th or on the weekend. From June 1 on, you can come anytime after 3:00 and on the weekends. Please remember to bring a bottle of water with you as the hose will not be outside. I will leave a few garden shovels next to the shed for you to use. Please put them back when you are done. The sunflowers can be planted in any of the beds with a sign that says "Sunflowers." Please make sure to plant them at least 15-20 centimeters apart so there is room for them to grow. Please be careful when you are planting your sunflower so as not to step on any other plants. Try to keep your feet on the bark mulch. If you are coming back to school on June 1, you can bring your sunflower with you and we can help you plant it. I can't wait to see all the sunflowers all when they begin to flower.
Part 1: Dividing the plants https://youtu.be/wUrIgyhafCM
Part 2: Getting plants ready for outside https://youtu.be/Pm2O2M9DnyY
Part 3: Planting outside https://youtu.be/ToFUqHbTmFk


With yard poultry farming becoming progressively prominent, individuals are currently looking for an excellent affordable remedy which can help maintain their poultry while helping them clean their backyards tidy of weeds and pests. Enter the Chicken Tractor; this is a simple easy to make wood construct created specifically for the little scale Poultry farmer that cannot buy the larger tool or large sized coops however will certainly such as a tiny service to help him out.
A Chicken tractor is useful since:
Since it is a really light weight it is very easy to move around. When poultry is confined to a tiny area they will certainly focus their tasks there. As a result, they gnaw the entire weed from the lawn in addition to the bugs. They additionally offer fresh nitrogen rich manure to the soil. All you need to do is to move the tractor around your backyard often. Do not keep a tractor in one area for as well lengthy as hen tends to scrape away the soil and take sand bathrooms. This can destroy a part of your yard if untreated.
Making a Poultry tractor:
A chicken tractor is typically 4 feet long and 3 feet broad while being around 3 feet high. All you will certainly require to build one is some lumber and also chicken wire. Many Chicken tractors are also known as Hen or Hen Arks. There are a couple of crucial considerations that you must take into consideration before you make your tractor, most of these are:
- Supply at least 4 square feet per poultry to ensure that they can have lots of space to move and flap around and find some broiler poultry farming business plan techniques.
- Keep the tractor light enough to ensure that you can relocate around conveniently.
- The tractor ought to not have a floor to make sure that the hen can get to the lawn conveniently.
Of course if you have much more birds after that you can play around with the dimension of the coop. A little prior to hand learning and also good ol’ planning can go a lengthy means into making your experience a lot more beneficial. On my web page on Chicken Tractor Program I have reviewed various points that you require to bear in mind when you are making your chicken tractor. You require being mindful concerning what dimension you make your tractor, what you equip it with, and also lastly how to maintain those pesky predators out. If you want knowing even more regarding elevating poultry after that go to my hen tractor plans web page!


Magic Seeds is a weird sort of time management game. You are given some seeds and it is your job to grow the plants. While this sounds rather boring, the really interesting part comes from trying to cross-pollinate the plants. You start out with some sunflower seeds. Once the plants are mature, you can cross-breed them. Cross-breeding the two sunflowers will give you tomato seeds. (No, I'm not sure how that works either but it does in the game.) Then, after the tomatoes are mature, you can cross-breed the sunflowers with tomatoes and get corn. So even though the actual growing part isn't particularly fun, trying to figure out what pairs will give you different seeds is.
In very basic terms, this is a time management game. You have to water the plants and hoe the plants and pick the plants and sell the plants, if you so desire. There are even upgrades you can buy to help you with these chores. But I still think that this is not the point of the game. In my opinion, the point of the game is to try to obtain as many different types of seeds as you possibly can. That bumps it to more of a puzzle game than a time management one. No matter how you want to categorize it, it's still a lot of fun.


We are proud to announce the City's first community garden is back for 2014! The Blue Springs Community Garden is located in Central Park on the corner of Walnut and 10th Street. A community garden is a shared piece of land, subdivided into individual plots to grow vegetables and flowers.
Available plots are 10' x 10' and are available for rent for new gardeners beginning February 24th. $50 reserves your plot for the season March 29th through November 2nd. The community garden will have water access and participants will be able to plant both vegetables and flowers in their plots.
To reserve your plot, call (816) 228-0137.
2012 Gardener Survey


What is the difference between bare root plants, rootstocks and pot plants?
Bare root plants are grubbed up at the moment that the plants are in rest.
Bare root plants have no soil around the roots and are packaged in a plastic bag, it is important to place these plants immediately after receiving them in the ground and not without protection around the roots somewhere to lay down!
Bare roots dry quickly and therefore the plant cannot develop.
These plants are much more economical in purchase.
You can also silage the plants on the bundle in which they are delivered so that you have more time to prepare the final site.
Plants with clots are grubbed up from the ground when the plants are at rest. They are available from mid-October to mid-May.
Plants with root ball have a clot of soil around the roots that is kept together with a net.
When you put them in the ground do not remove the netting as this will damage roots. The net is made of environmentally friendly material. The advantage of plants on root ball is that they are already well developed and your hedge has volume.
Potted plants are grown in a pot and are available all year round.
The advantage of pot-grown plants is that you do not damage the roots when planting, which causes the plant to grow immediately and therefore can be planted all year round (not when it freezes).
Because potted plants occupy more space during the growing period and are more laborious for the grower, the price is significantly higher.


Introducing Dust Control Ground Cover & Ready Grow Soil at Deschutes Recycling!
Dust Control Ground Cover
Only $12.00 per yard
This product is designed to control dust on work sites and other bare landscapes that are exposed to the elements. This product is made from hard woods derived from recycled pallets and dimensional lumber scraps.
The material is ground with 1” grinding screens and the resulting product is a hardy ground cover that is resistant to wind and rain.
Due to the nature of this product, it may contain small amounts of metal and adhesives used to produce engineered lumber.
Ready Grow Soil
Special introductory price of $26.00 per yard, through July 31, 2017. Save $6.00 per yard.
This product is organically rich and provides water retention. Locally produced and bucket blended for an even mix. Ready Grow Soil is a blend of SoilBuilder mixed with Top Soil to produce this nutrient rich plant ready soil.
Use Ready Grow Soil directly in planting beds, flower pots, and laying sod.
These products are available for self-haul at Deschutes Recycling located at Knott Landfill in Bend. For more information, please call 541.388.1910.


Support our nonprofit as we promote wool and fiber production in central Oregon.
Since the late 1990's, our members from central Oregon promote the raising of sheep for wool and the use of their fiber in practical and artistic activities such as spinning, weaving, felting, etc. The mission of the High Desert Wool Growers is to promote all aspects of the sheep and fiber animal industry with no bias toward operation size or breed. HDWG aims provide a networking organization for individuals within the industry in central Oregon's High Desert region. Each spring we sponsor the Fiber Market Day in central Oregon, as well as a Fall Farm Day at a local farm.


About Hendry Farms
It Started as a Joke.
Several summers ago, my wife, Connie, proudly showed me the 16 quarts of salsas she had made from produce grown in our small backyard garden. I jokingly and without thinking said "You should go into business and sell the stuff."
A few weeks later, my words came back to haunt me when she said "Ian, I've been thinking..." I probably should have run as soon as she said that, but I didn't. As a result, I now know more about drip irrigation, heirloom varieties of tomatoes and the Scoville Scale of pepper hotness than I ever really wanted to know and we are the proud owners of Hendry Farms, growing organic herbs and vegetables and producing salsas.
I didn't grow up on a farm, but my dad was an agricultural journalist, so I spent many a summer vacation touring farms. I did attend the University of Guelph, but not as an "Aggie" although I did take one course in soil science. My 35 year career as a teacher in outdoor and environmental education did include taking students from Toronto on tours of farms in Murmur township. (Ask me about the bull in the storage cabinet some time.)
So what are my qualifications to be a farmer? They're probably similar to those that made me a good environmental educator:
- I love to work in and with the natural environment,
- I care deeply about our role in the food chain,
- I don't mind getting dirty,
- I have a sense of humour.
Connie enjoys growing food for market and family use. She was born and raised in Southern Ontario, where she comes from a long line of progressive farmers. She grew up helping with gardening and family farm chores and selling eggs and apples at market. Childhood highlights include learning to drive a tractor at age five and discovering wild strawberries and other fruit in an abandoned field across from her home. After spending a year in Mexico as a Rotary Exchange Student, Connie became enamoured with Mexican food and began to search for the unique ingredients of this flavourful cuisine. As the ingredients were not always easy to find, she began to grow them for herself. She enjoys researching new varieties to grow and is particularly interested in heirloom vegetables and growing organically for health and environmental reasons. Connie holds a Bachelor of Education degree from Brock University and a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and Christianity and Culture from University of Toronto. She is pleased to introduce her children to the Ontario farm tradition as well.


St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum) is a popular warm-season turfgrass for home lawns. It is found in the United States, southern Mexico, South America, South Africa, western Africa, the Caribbean, the Hawaiian Islands, Australia and the South Pacific. St. Augustine grass is medium to dark green and coarse textured, and it has a low, dense growth habit. It grows well in nearly all soil types and tolerates shade, heat, salt and, to some degree, drought. It does not tolerate waterlogged soils or extended periods of cold weather. St. Augustine grass is an aggressive species that spreads rapidly by above-ground growth structures called stolons. If managed properly, St. Augustine grass forms a dense cover that handles light traffic and competes well with most weeds. St. Augustine grass is the most shade tolerant warm-season turfgrass. Texas Common, Raleigh, Seville, Palmetto and Floratam are St. Augustine varieties commonly used for home lawns in the southern United States. Each variety has characteristics that make it best in certain situations. Contact your county Extension agent for information on the variety best suited for your location. To keep your St. Augustine grass lawn in good condition, follow these guidelines for mowing, watering and fertilizing, as well as for controlling weeds, insects, thatch, and eliminating compacted soil. Because many factors affect turf growth, these are general recommendations.
MARCH through May Mowing Begin a routine mowing program as soon as the grass begins to turn green in the spring. Remove no more than one-third of the leaf area with any one mowing. Set the mowing height at 21 /2 to 3 inches (3 to 31 /2 inches in shady lawns). The lower the mowing height, the more frequently you will need to mow. Frequent mowing at a lower height produces higher quality turfgrass. It is best not to bag grass clippings. Grass clippings decompose quickly and return significant amounts of nutrients to the soil. If you do bag the clippings, consider composting them for use in the landscape. Fertilizing Begin fertilizing 3 weeks after the grass turns green and when there is little chance of a late frost. Apply 1 pound of soluble nitrogen per 1,000 square feet of lawn every 8 weeks, or 11 /2 pounds of slow-release nitrogen every 10 weeks.
Have your soil tested to determine what added nutrients your lawn may need. For information on soil testing procedures, contact your county Extension agent. If you do not have the soil tested, use a complete fertilizer with a 3-1-2 ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (Examples: 15-5-10, 21-7-14, etc. Every bag of fertilizer has the nutritional analysis printed on the bag). To determine the amount of fertilizer needed to equal 1 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet, divide 100 by the first number in the fertilizer analysis. For example, if you are using a 15-5-10 fertilizer, then you need 6.6 pounds per 1,000 square feet. (To determine the amount needed to apply 11 /2 pounds per 1,000 square feet, substitute 150 for 100.) 100 15 = 6.6 Then determine the size of the area to be fertilized. If your lawn is 5,000 square feet, you will need 33 pounds of 15-5-10 fertilizer. (5,000 1,000) x 6.6 = 33 pounds of fertilizer Watering To keep your lawn healthy, water it only when the grass needs it. When you do water, wet the soil to a depth of 6 inches. Then don’t water again until the grass shows symptoms of drought stress—a dull, bluish color, rolled or folded leaves, and persistent footprints.
This usually occurs in 5 to 10 days, depending on the weather. Follow these steps to determine how long to water to apply the right amount. 1. Set out five or six open-top cans randomly around the lawn (tuna or cat food cans work best). 2. Turn on the sprinklers or irrigation system for 30 minutes. 3. Using a ruler, measure the depth of water caught in each individual can, and record the depths. 4. Calculate the average depth of water of all the cans. Example: You have placed five cans in your yard. The depths of water in the cans were 0.5 inch, 0.4 inch, 0.6 inch, 0.4 inch and 0.6 inch. Add the depths together and divide by the number of cans you used. 0.5 + 0.4 + 0.6 + 0.4 + 0.6 = 2.5 inches 2.5 inches 5 cans = 0.5 inch of water in 30 minutes New-style irrigation controllers allow you to water several times a day, so you can program them to prevent run-off. 5. Use a garden spade or a soil probe to find out how deeply the soil was wet during the 30-minute period. The probe will push through wet soil easily, but it is more difficult to push through dry soil. With proper maintenance, you can help keep your St. Augustine grass lawn healthy and attractive. St. Augustine grass spreads by above-ground growth structures called stolons.
When you know how much water was applied in 30 minutes and how deeply that volume of water wet the soil, then determine how long you must water to wet the soil to a depth of 6 inches. Example: If the sprinklers sprayed 1 /2 inch of water in 30 minutes and wet the soil to a depth of 3 inches, you would need to apply 1 inch of water to wet the soil to a depth of 6 inches. To do so you must water for 1 hour. Run-off from watering a lawn can waste a significant amount of water, which is costly and a poor use of a limited natural resource. The factors determining how quickly run-off occurs are the type of soil and the application rate of the sprinkler system. Do not apply water faster than the soil can absorb it. To prevent run-off: 1. Check the lawn while watering. If water begins running into the streets or gutters, note how long it took before run-off occurred. This is the maximum amount of time you should water at one time. 2. Stop watering and allow the soil surface to dry (30 minutes to 1 hour). 3. Begin watering again and continue for the time you’ve determined.
With an automatic irrigation system, change your timer to the new, shorter time. 4. Continue this cycle until the appropriate amount of water has been applied to wet the soil to a depth of 6 inches. Controlling weeds The best form of weed control is a healthy, dense, actively growing lawn. To control crabgrass and other grassy weeds, apply preemergent herbicides (which control weeds before they sprout from the ground) in the spring when soil temperature reaches 65 ºF or when the redbud and dogwood trees begin to bloom. Apply postemergent herbicides (which control weeds that have already sprouted) as needed. Apply herbicides only when weeds are present, and when the grass is healthy and actively growing. Weed control is most effective if you apply the herbicide when the weeds are still very small. St. Augustinegrass is very sensitive to some herbicides, such as 2,4-D. Read the label carefully before applying any herbicide to ensure that it is the right product for the weeds you have and that you do not damage the turf. Follow all instructions on the label. It explains how and when to use the product and how much to apply.
Controlling insects Chinch bugs and white grubs are the two most serious insect pests in St. Augustine grass lawns. Routinely check for these pests and treat as necessary. (See L-1766, “Chinch Bugs in St. Augustine Lawns,” and L-1131, “White Grubs in Texas Turfgrass,” available from the Texas Agricultural Extension Service.) Controlling thatch If the thatch layer (a layer of undecomposed plant matter) is more than 3 /4 inch thick, mow the lawn with a vertical mower or scalp the lawn (cut with a rotary mower at its lowest setting) in April or May when the grass is healthy and actively growing. Eliminating compacted soil In areas of heavy traffic, aeration can help eliminate compacted soils. Use a core-aerating machine when the grass is actively growing. If you have an underground irrigation system, flag the sprinkler heads first to avoid damaging them. JUNE through September Mowing Follow the same recommendations as for March through May. Fertilizing Continue the fertilizer program begun in the spring, applying 1 to 11 /2 pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet every 8 to 10 weeks. Without soil test information, it is recommended that you use a fertilizer that either contains nitrogen only (21-0-0, ammonium sulfate) or is low in phosphorus (Examples: 21-3-6 or 15-0-15) to reduce the chance of excessive phosphorus Frequent mowing at a low mowing height produces a higher quality turfgrass.
Produced by Agricultural Communications, The Texas A&M University System Extension publications can be found on the Web at: http://agpublications.tamu.edu Educational programs of the Texas Agricultural Extension Service are open to all people without regard to race, color, sex, disability, religion, age or national origin. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, Acts of Congress of May 8, 1914, as amended, and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. Chester P. Fehlis, Deputy Director, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, The Texas A&M University System. 5 M, New TURF 4 build-up in the soil. Such build-ups can lead to deficiencies in iron and zinc. To prevent yellowing caused by iron chlorosis, apply liquid or granular iron fertilizer throughout the growing season. Follow the label directions for the rate of application. Fertilizers containing iron may stain concrete, brick or stone surfaces. Watering Follow the same recommendations as for March through May. Controlling weeds Continue applying postemergent herbicide as needed. Herbicides containing 2,4-D should be used with care, as St. Augustinegrass is sensitive to this herbicide.
Herbicides may damage the lawn if you apply them when the temperature is higher than 90 ºF. Controlling insects Follow the same recommendations as for March through May. The most effective time to treat for white grubs is in August when they are immature and close to the soil surface. Eliminating compacted soils Follow the same recommendations as for March through May. SEPTEMBER through February Mowing Continue the recommended mowing practices until the grass goes dormant and does not require mowing. Fertilizing Continue fertilizing as recommended until 4 to 6 weeks before the first expected frost. At that time, apply a low nitrogen, high-potassium fertilizer such as 5-10-10. Apply no more than 1 /2 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet. To calculate the amount of product needed per 1,000 square feet, substitute 50 for 100 in the spring formula.


Remember the medfly? All bugs are pesky, of course, but the Mediterrean Fruit Fly might have been the peskiest. And a little bit scary. The threat was imminent: A tiny creature was going to ruin California’s agricultural industry.
But the battle of the Medfly soon became a battle over pesticides – mainly, one called Malathion – and the widespread spraying of California’s towns and cities – even Los Angeles.
What happened to the medfly? More importantly perhaps, with widespread spraying of pesticides to fight the pest, why did our public officials, news media and even the public get so concerned about this crisis? Which side of the science was right?
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2019 Universal Leaf Grant
In partnership with the Universal Leaf Foundation, we will continue to offer a grant program to support local programs. The Universal Leaf Foundation will strategically invest in supporting local FFA Chapters that work to grow leaders, build communities, and strengthen agriculture. FFA Chapters are able to apply for a grant of up to $1,000 that provides educational benefits to all students in the agricultural education program. Priority will be given to proposals related to the areas of biodiversity, agricultural safety, and environmental stewardship.
Applications are due by Monday, December 16, 2019. FFA Chapters in the northeast, southeast, and east central agricultural education regions will receive first consideration. Applications will be considered and reviewed as received.
Please submit your completed grant applications to firstname.lastname@example.org.
We appreciate the Universal Leaf Foundation for partnering with us!


Ddt and pesticides
Historical clips on ddt, rachel carson and science explaining why humans pollute video put together for the msc in environmental technology. Ddt's quick success as a pesticide and broad use in the united states and other countries led to the development of resistance by many insect pest species. Pcbs and ddt are chemicals that were banned more than 30 commercial fish that contain higher levels of pesticides, including ddt, are bluefish, wild striped. Ddt is persistent in the environment, with a reported half life of between 26 days in river water (us. Uk is collaborating in peddling the corporate line that neonicotinoid pesticides are safe to use – they are anything but george monbiot it's the new ddt.
It was observed in one investigation that in some ddt-sprayed elm environments, pesticide residues accumulated from 99 ppm in the soil to 141 ppm in earthworms. If there is a single pesticide almost everyone can name, it's ddt ddt was one of the first chemicals in widespread use as a pesticide following world war ii, it was. Though carson talked about other pesticides, it was ddt — sprayed aerially over large areas of the united states to control mosquitoes and fire ants. Insecticides/pesticides dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) is an insecticide used in agriculture. When we speak of “pesticide resistance” we are referring to genetic changes that take place in a population (pests) over time as a result of the natural selection. Ddt (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is a pesticide once widely used to control insects in agriculture and insects that carry diseases such as malaria ddt is a.
A new study out in jama neurology suggests that higher levels of the pesticide ddt might be linked to increased risk of alzheimer’s disease the keyword. This website provides easy access to all the pesticide-related information that is contained in various pesticide topical sites it also includes news and meeting. Beyond pesticides offers the latest information on the hazards of pesticides and least-toxic alternatives, as well as ongoing projects including children's health. Ddt pesticide residue in fish and other prey poisoned bald eagles, causing egg shell thining that resulted in widespread nesting failures the 1972 ddt ban helped the.
The book claimed that ddt and other pesticides had been shown to cause cancer and that their agricultural use was a threat to wildlife, particularly birds. On the 25th anniversary of the banning of the pesticide ddt on june 14, the nation’s symbol the bald eagle has seen a ten-fold increase in numbers, according to the. High levels of the primary component of ddt, in women exposed before mid-adolescence, were found to be predict a five-fold increase in breast cancer risk many. Biomonitoring summary organochlorine pesticides overview general information organochlorine pesticides, an older class of pesticides, are effective.
Ddt and other chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides description the use of ddt and other chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides increased following wwii due to their. Ddt is one of a dozen pesticides the who recommends for indoor spraying programs individual countries decide whether or not to use ddt.
Ddt and pesticides
Tina rosenberg article calls for careful use of in developing countries of ddt that described the dumping of ddt and other pesticides on american. Fact sheet: natural history, ecology, and history of recovery pdf version a north american species with a historic range from alaska and canada to northern. A healthy world for all protect humanity and the enviroment from pesticides promote alternatives environmental strategies to replace ddt and control malaria.
The story of silent spring carson concluded that ddt and other pesticides had irrevocably harmed animals and had contaminated the world's food supply. A pesticide information project of cooperative extension offices chlorophenothane, dedelo, p,p'-ddt, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dinocide, didimac. See how ddt became the go-to pesticide in early american chemical farming. Evidence shows that pesticides are damaging recent research has revealed that exposure while in the womb to ddt, a pesticide banned in 1972 after close to 30. She said in silent spring that even if ddt and other insecticides had no contrary to the position of the pesticide industry, the ddt phase-out action. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, commonly known as ddt, is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless crystalline chemical compound, an organochlorine, originally.
Although the pesticide ddt was banned in the united states in 1972, women exposed to the chemical while they were still in the womb may be more likely to develop.


Kilchoman 100% Islay 9th Edition
Released annually since 2011, 100% Islay range is distilled from barley grown in the fields surrounding the distillery before the team malt, distil, mature and eventually bottle onsite; an unmatched, unbroken chain of creation from barley to bottle. 100% Islay range remains Scotland’s only Single Farm Single Malt.
Distilled from 2007 and 2009 barley crops, the 9th edition is a vatting of 43 ex-bourbon barrels matured for over 9 years in their on-site dunnage warehouses. Bottled at 50% abv, a release of 12,000 bottles.


The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority, or the APEDA, is a statutory body established by the Government of India. It was incepted in 1985 under the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority Act of the Central Government. The primary role of APEDA in India’s Agricultural Trade is to promote the export of Agricultural and Processed Food products from India to the international market.
This section will discuss how APEDA license procurement plays a crucial role in developing export markets of agricultural and processed food in India. Let us see them one by one.
APEDA is delegated to register Exporters of Agricultural as well as agri-processed food products, helping them availing the following benefits:
Every APEDA license holder can avail of such benefits post-registration with APEDA.
APEDA is also delegated to ensure the export quality of Agricultural as well as Processed Food products from India. The products must meet the standards as well as regulations of importing countries around the world. APEDA license registration ensures the quality certification of export products. The Authority is also bent on promoting the adoption of good agricultural practices to improve the product’s quality.
APEDA has played a crucial role in export promotion by kickstarting various initiatives to promote Agricultural and Processed Food products of India in the international markets. APEDA has undertaken the following activities in market promotion for Indian Exporters:
APEDA aids in research and development activities concerning exporting agricultural and processed food products across the planet. For such purposes, APEDA provides financial assistance to organizations engaged in R&D activities related to APEDA agri-exports promotion.
APEDA provides agri-exports capacity-building programs to the following involved in the export of agricultural-based food products:
Such programs at APEDA help Exporters improve their skills for the export sector.
APEDA is delegated with the responsibility of food export promotion as well as development for the following APEDA agri-based export products:
Each product has been included in the Second Schedule of the Indian APEDA Act of 1987. The Government also entrusts the APEDA with the responsibility of monitoring sugar imports into India as well.
APEDA also functions as the Secretariat to the NAB, i.e., the National Accreditation Board. The APEDA is responsible for implementing the ACB or Accreditation of the Certification Bodies under the National Programme for Organic Production for organic exports.
For export purposes, Organic Products in India must be certified only if they are processed and packed as per the National Programme for Organic Production standards. If you wish to know more about APEDA registration and the role of APEDA in India’s Agricultural Trade, connect with the APEDA Experts at Registrationwala.
Also read: Benefits of APEDA Registration for Agricultural and Processed Food Exporter


Pick Your Own
The pick your own season usually begins towards the end of June when the outdoor strawberries and
gooseberries begin to ripen.
As the season progresses, raspberries, black, red and white currents, logan and tayberries, brambles
are also available for pick your own.
Later in the season, towards the end of August, our apple and plum orchards are open for pick your
own. We are also hoping that our newly planted cherry orchard
will produce its first crop this year.
To pick your own use our baskets (or bring your own) and we will direct you to the best fields for
picking. Then pick your fruit and we will weigh it upon your return
to the farm shop and you pay.
As well as strawberries grown in the ground we have strawberries grown on ‘table-top’ systems under cover that are
available for picking on wet days or by elderly and less abled people.


Our Biochar is a form of stable carbon made from a diverse blend of recycled organic matter with a very high Carbon and Silica content. It is an excellent media for soil water and nutrient retention. Carbon credits will be available. Read More »
The MaraSoft range of organic and mineral products are available now for stock nutrition, agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture or the organic home garden, and may be modified to suit the requirements of your stock, plants or soils. Read More »
Mara Seeds SOFT Fertiliser products are designed with inputs that assist in the storing of soil carbon.It is anticipated a methodology will be achieved in the latter part of 2013 to create a channel for carbon credits under the Carbon Farming Initiative. Read more »
Mara Seeds Sustainable Farming - our Stock Nutrition Range include organic round bales from a variety of organic crops grown. Blox in a Box, 25/28kg of supplementary stock feed blocks. Organic Planting & Pasture seeds and Organic Compost. Read more »
Mara Seeds Pty Ltd is a family owned business started in 1967, located at Mallanganee in the foothills of the Richmond Range in northern New South Wales.
The company provides a range of high quality organic products that are produced using a self developed method of 'softer farming' to replace the need for conventional farming practices. The company revolves around the AQIS registered plant founded on one of the certified organic farming areas the company uses for production.
The company’s core business activities centre around grass seed, oilseed and cereal grain production in the summer and winter months and also the production of high quality organic yearling beef that is grass fed or grain finished. Organic cows are also marketed and available throughout the year.
In recent years the development of an organic compost and compost tea production facility has seen a greater understanding of biological and softer farming methods and from here that product has been made commercially available through bulk prescription made product and bagged organic compost product.
SOFT Agriculture Pty Ltd
Mara Seeds Pty Ltd has a new marketing company SOFT AGRICULTURE PTY LTD and is now releasing some very exciting new products for animal nutrition and SOFT fertilisers to enhance the soil on your property.
More info »


- Beautiful, romantic couples retreat in the rural hinterland of Shoreham
- Nestled within a 10-hectare farm with plenty of olive & apple trees
- Spacious open plan living area with a cosy wood-burning fireplace
- Farmgate store on-site, with award-winning apple ciders & olive oils
- Secluded location near the beaches of Western Port & Port Philip Bay
- A 15-minute drive from the town’s restaurants, vineyards & galleries
Luxury accommodation nestled within a 10-hectare farm filled with olive, apple, and pear trees - this is Hart’s Farm, located on Tucks Road in the rural hinterland of Shoreham. This beautiful holiday home, situated only 15 minutes drive from the town’s fine dining restaurants and vineyards, offers couples a romantic getaway and a myriad of enjoyments to discover amid nature’s bounty.
Explore the farm’s lush environment: walk through the wetlands, the coolest part of the property, with Manton’s Creek planted with eucalypts, green wattle, Blackwood, and water plants. Go bird-watching, looking out for kookaburras, barn swallows, wood ducks, and even wedge-tailed eagles, falcons, and hawks. Pick fresh vegetables and herbs from the garden and take them to your kitchen. Climb the olive grove hill overlooking Western Port, or saunter through the heritage apple and pear orchards before tasting the farm’s award-winning apple cider and extra virgin olive oil at the Farmgate.
24 Hour Booking Confirmation
Upon confirmation of rates & availability, you will pay the operator directly according to their own terms & conditions.
Hart's Farm may charge additional fees not shown above. Please see the information below for further details.
|Type:||Cottages & Cabins|
|Events:||Parties & events are not permitted|
|Payment:||Direct to operator|
|Fees:||No additional payment fees|
|Deposit Amount:||Full payment due at time of booking|
|Payment Methods:||Visa, Mastercard, Bank Transfer|
|Balance Due:||At time of booking|
|Terms & Conditions:||Your booking will be made directly with the operator according to their regular terms & conditions.|


|Growing the Tomato Plant|
The tomato belongs to the night shade family, the Solanaceae of the botanist, along with the potato, tobacco, petunia, pepper, eggplant, night shade, jimson weed and many other plants useful and noxious.
The tomato is a warm-season crop, sensitive to frost but reasonably resistant to heat and drought, thriving under a wide range of climate and soil. A frost free season of seventy-five to ninety days will mature home garden tomatoes in useful quantities if good plants are set but over 120 days are needed for economical commercial production. Plant growing requires six to eight weeks previous to setting out-of-doors. Each fruit requires about six weeks from blossom to ripeness. The fruit ripens best for yield, color and quality when the weather is warm and sunny. Low temperatures without frost are not favorable for growth and prolonged conditions of this sort may "check" the plant and retard the response when higher temperatures come.
The tomato is sensitive to extreme day-length, setting fruit at 7 to 19 hours but not at 5 or 24 hours.
The tomato responds readily to fertilizers and to moisture, coming quickly into vigorous growth after unfavorable conditions, unless too badly stunted.
As long as moisture and nutrients are available and other conditions are favorable, a tomato plant will continue to branch and blossom and make fruit almost indefinitely. A pruned single stem plant in a greenhouse at Cornell once reached a length of over 40 feet during a year and a half of growth. Thus, it is really a herbaceous perennial grown in northern climates as an annual.
The plant branches freely at leaf joints but fruit clusters are formed along the bare stem,—a habit not common among plants. Some varieties are "determinate" in habit, sometimes miscalled "self-pruning," as branches only attain limited length.


HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA) IS A ONE-YEAR CYCLE PLANT ORIGINALLY FROM ASIA. LONG BEFORE ITS USE AS A DRUG, HEMP WAS CULTIVATED IN MANY COUNTRIES FOR THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY. IN THE 18TH CENTURY THIS CULTURE WAS AT ITS PEAK, BECAUSE THE FIBER WAS THEN USED TO MAKE ROPES, SAILS, BUT ALSO CANVAS OR CLOTHING.
Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is an annual plant endemic to Asia. Long before its use as a drug, hemp was cultivated in many countries for the textile industry. In the 18th century this culture was at its peak, because the fiber was then used to make ropes, sails, but also canvas or clothing. In the middle of the 20th century, production became increasingly rare due to the drastic legislation in this area. Indeed, hemp is considered a psychotropic drug because it contains tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN). These three substances are the most commonly found in different species with psychotropic properties, but more than 60 cannabinoids are found in different cannabis strains.
Nowadays, a new sector is emerging in the construction industry, where hemp is used for insulation materials, chipboard or mortar. In horticulture, hemp mulch is in vogue because it is a good pest repellent. The seeds known as hemp seeds are used to produce oil, but also to feed certain animals when not used for fishing. You can also cultivate hemp plants in your garden. More and more gardeners decide to plant hemp in their beds.
WHAT ARE HEMP PLANTS IN MY GARDEN SUITABLE FOR?
Many gardeners who decide to grow hemp plants do so for ornamental purposes. Because the plant is a real eye-catcher! But there is an even more important reason why you should consider having a hemp plant in your garden: The hemp plants act as a biological alternative to conventional insecticides and pesticides. Furthermore, hemp as such does not contain insecticides and pesticides. Since hemp is a domestic raw material that grows again, it always manages without herbicides or other pesticides.
HOW DO I GROW HEMP PLANTS IN MY GARDEN?
To grow hemp in your garden, it is of course necessary to obtain seeds from registered varieties that contain very little THC. In our store you can get hemp with a THC content of less than 1%.
A note: Once the seeds have been obtained, the bags should be stored well so that they can be presented to the police if necessary to prove their legality.
GROWING HEMP PLANTS EXPLAINED IN SEVEN STEPS
Growing hemp requires warmth and sunshine.
Sow the seeds in spring as soon as the soil is warmed and the temperatures are constantly above 15°C day and night.
Prepare the environment of the hemp plant by removing all wild herbs before.
Add a little compost to the soil and aerate it with a soil loosener, then rake it off.
Sow in the field or in rows. Cover the seeds lightly with soil and water in fine rain.
When the seedlings are fully grown, thin out to 20 cm.


Preferred Scientific Name; Fusarium oxysporum radicis-lycopersici. Preferred Common Name; Fusarium crown rot. Taxonomic Tree; Domain: Eukaryota. Fusarium oxysporum radicis-lycopersici is a fungal plant pathogen. External links. USDA ARS Fungal Database. References. Taxon identifiers. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis- lycopersici. DISEASE CYCLE & EPIDEMIOLOGY: FIELD SIGNATURE: PHOTOS: Prepared by: Dr. Pam Roberts. Figure 1.
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Among these proteins Beta1, 3-glucanases and chitinases are very abundant hydrolytic enzymes in plants infected by fungi and play a major role in defense reactions against fungal pathogens by degrading the cell wall [ 47 ]. In the third experiment the transcriptional changes between the susceptible and resistant genotypes were highlighted compatible versus oxyspporum interaction ; in the fourth and oxsporum experiment we monitored the response in susceptible and resistant non-inoculated samples control reaction.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici
Strictosidine synthase-like proteins have also been identified during plant defense activated against pathogens such as the Cucumber mosaic virus and Alternaria brassicicola [ 36 ]. Retrieved from ” http: Population genetics and microevolution fusaruum Fusarium oxysporum f. A transcriptomic experiment was carried out in order to investigate the main mechanisms of FORL response in resistant and susceptible isogenic tomato lines.
Datasheet Fusarium oxysporum f. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. In f.sp.gadicis-lycopersici tissues, the fungus can spread up to 25 cm. Methods Plants and the fungal strain used in the experiments The susceptible tomato Solanum lycopersicum variety Marmande was used for initial pathogenicity tests; tomato isogenic varieties Monalbo and Momorthat have the same Moneymaker genetic background except for the Frl gene [ 12 ], respectively oxysoprum and resistant to FORL, were used for transcriptional experiments.
Takacs A, Dolej S, Genome-wide transcriptional responses of Fusarium graminearum to plant cell wall substrates.
F.sp.radicis-lycoperrsici for research on soilborne phytopathogenic fungi.
Journal of Phytopathology, 2: Several other enriched GO terms correlated with changes in cell wall structure were found in this interaction: Journal of Agricultural Chemistry, Up-regulated genes involved in purine metabolism Solyc11g The information is depersonalized and is displayed as numbers, meaning it cannot be traced back to individuals. Plant Disease, 98 In the control reaction a very small number of differentially expressed genes was evidenced; among them a LRR receptor Solyc01g To date, little information on genes involved in resistance to FORL has been released [ 4 ].
In particular, GO terms regarding the metabolic process were investigated further since they revealed interesting activation of pathogenesis-related proteins involved in plant-pathogen interactions. Biocontrol by phenazinecarboxamide-producing Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL of tomato root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.
Fusarium oxysporum radicis-lycopersici (Fusarium crown rot)
Content is available for non-profit, educational use under our Copyright Agreement. These results confirmed a differential response between infected and non-infected samples.
Arrays were normalized using quantile normalization and expression estimates were compiled by applying the empirical Bayes approach [ 15 ]. Growth Stages Top of page Vegetative growing stage.
From plant hexoses to mannitol. Plant immunity to insect herbivores.
Readily spread conidia in water sources provide another way of pathogen dissemination, especially in irrigation and hydroponic cultivation system.
Siderophore receptor as a marker to track fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Contact our curators Dr. Response of tomato varieties, breeding lines and somaclones to Fusarium oxysporum f. Microarray transcriptional profiles of a resistant and a susceptible tomato genotypes were used to explore tomato-FORL pathogen interaction at 15 DPI.
In general, symptoms include yellowing, wilting, stunted growth, and discolored internal stem tissue. Through this analysis we were able to assign functional annotation to the differentially expressed transcripts.
Rodeva V, Stancheva J, PR-proteins accumulate locally in the infected and surrounding tissues and also in remote uninfected tissues [ 46 ]. World Wide Web page at http: This work was supported by the Ministry of University and Research Genpom project.
Mycorrhiza induced resistance, a mechanism for management of crop diseases.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici – Bugwoodwiki
Control of tomato brown root rot in the greenhouse using soil solarization. Biological control of Fusarium diseases by the association of fluorescent Pseudomonas and non-pathogenic Fusarium. The tomato—FORL interaction seems to follow the typical reaction of necrotrophic pathogens, activating receptors that recognize pathogen-derived proteins and inducing the production and transport of three major defense hormones, namely SA, JA and ET respectively Salicylic Acid, Jasmonate, Ethylene [ 22 — 24 ].
There are no pictures available for this datasheet If you oxyspprum supply pictures for this datasheet please contact: Evaluation of soil fumigants on soilborne fungal pathogens in a controlled-environment system and in soil. Indeed, comparing the results between the two fusariumm genotypes experiment 3 enriched categories were found in the susceptible sample involved in pathogenesis Solyc01g Microarray analysis at 15 DPI days post inoculum revealed a distinct gene expression pattern between the two genotypes in the inoculated vs non-inoculated conditions.


From crushing to must preparation
Where once the vinification phase immediately following the harvest was called crushing, from the act of treading the grapes with the feet, now it would seem more appropriate to define this as must preparation, an operation carried out by technologically advanced machinery that is able to replace the work of men. In fact, the term "must preparation" seems to have more ancient origins than those that attach it to the image of a machine. In actual fact, at one time Italian farmers called must preparation “ammostatura”, a technique of manual crushing that was carried out using a wooden stick, called a “ammostatoio” or “ammostino”.
Crushing the grapes with an “ammostatoio” allowed for times to be optimised during harvesting and transfer of the grapes to the vats where final crushing would take place. The grapes, crushed previously, decreased in volume, allowing more bunches to be placed into the same tub. During must preparation or crushing, the fruit debris that deposits at the bottom of the vat is collected and separated from the must. The must is actually defined as the result of crushing or squeezing of the grapes. The must is only able to acquire the characteristics and organoleptic properties of the wine at the end of fermentation which is achieved thanks to natural or selected yeasts.
Depending on the type of wine being produced, the operations may include crushing and stemming, pressing, maceration and racking...


Sweet corn falls into three categories:
Traditional—5 percent to 10 percent sugar.
Sugar-enhanced—creamy texture and medium sweetness.
Super-sweet—crisp texture, 25 percent sugar.
Each sweetness level comes in yellow, white or bicolor varieties.
Choose ears with a fresh green color and tender silks. Gently press through the husk to check that the husk is filled out and the kernels are plump. Though it’s tempting, don’t open every ear. Kernels dry and toughen then exposed to air.
Sweet corn is at its best within a day of picking. Lacking a personal corn patch or a nearby farmers market, you can store the sweeter varieties up to a week in the refrigerator. Wrap moist paper towels around the ears (still in their husks), seal them in a plastic bag and refrigerate.
To remove the raw kernels for freezing or to use in recipes, hold the narrow end of the ear and anchor the wide end in a bowl or cake pan, to catch the kernels. Keep the pan from sliding around the counter by placing it on a damp towel. Cut straight down with a sharp knife, turning the cob as you go.
Sweet corn is one of the easiest vegetables to freeze. The day the corn is picked, bring a large kettle of water to boiling. Remove husks and silk from the ears. Blanch the corn by plunging it into boiling water, preferable in a removable basket. When the water returns to boiling, cook the corn for 1 to 3 minutes (larger ears will require 3 minutes to blanch). Immediately plunge the corn into a large pot of ice water to stop the cooking process. Cut corn from the cob before freezing and place it in plastic freezer bags. If you freeze whole ears, the kernels will be tough after thawing and cooking.


In the long-term process of combating pathogens, plants have formed a complex immune system. Once a plant is attacked by an adverse external environment or disease, cells in the plant will form substances related to resistance to the pathogen through various metabolic pathways, then activate the plant's own immune system and reduce the incidence of disease.
VDAL™, derived from Verticillium dahliae, is an ASPF2-like secreted protein with 297 AA
(Verticillium dahliae Asp-f2 Like)
Developed by the Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, based on the principles of plant immunology, creators of VdAL have studied the use of immune induction technology to activate the plant's immune system, thereby improving crop disease resistance & abiotic stress tolerance, and becoming a new development direction of green pest control technologies.
The patented VDAL protein has been tested and proven to be effective on various crops & plants - including horticultural crops, both in laboratory and field.
Rhizopus stolonifer suppression by VDAL
Biocatalysis production: Safe & environmentally friendly.
Low dosage: 15 grams per hectare, 1-2 times per growing season.
Multiple treatments: seed treatment (Coating or soaking), foliar spray application.


How we create
We specialise in developing the most beautiful resilient varieties. Our constant innovation is inspired by our sense of what is possible.
The art of breeding
Our breeders use their knowledge and skill to create new hybrids that surpass the parental varieties. Only one of the thousands of seedlings we test emerges as a successful new variety.
Our experienced plant selectors study thousands of unique plant varieties and pick out those that stand out for their beauty, abundance of flowers, disease-resistance and growth performance.
This dedicated expertise enables us to introduce outstanding new varieties.
Only the best make the grade
It takes years to develop a hybrid to the point where we are ready to introduce a new variety. The varieties that make it through the initial selection are cultivated and extensively tested. Only varieties with excellent scores for every characteristic are good enough for our collection.
We conduct tests in the Netherlands, Latin America and East Africa so we can assess how the same variety performs in different climate conditions.
We anticipate emerging developments, even if there is no immediate demand. Our experiments with (semi-)cold growing techniques are a good example. These cultivation methods produce better and more resilient varieties that thrive in a low-cost environment. This results in high-quality roses with a low cost price per square metre and roses that thrive in regions such as East Africa and Latin America.


After introductions of new attendees, the evening's presentation began.
Eva Taylor gave an excellent explanation of both Food Forests and Huglekulture as methods to produce food crops.
A food forest takes advantage of the benefits of a mature forest, and the shrubs, herbs, grasses and annual plants than can be grown in the forest edge to provide a successional sequence of food. The soil is improved by each type of plant, thus benefitting the other plants. Good bacteria in the soil are strengthened by natural processes, but are harmed by the use of commercial fertilizers.
Hugelkulture beds are formed by piling up logs and branches, and covering them with soil to make mounds to plant in. As the wood decomposes, it feeds the soil, while also controlling the flow of water to keep the beds moist. Annual and perennial crops can be grown in the beds, often self-seeding if left undisturbed. Eva promotes the "chop and drop" method of weeding, leaving the roots of weeds in the soil to promote bacteria and fungi growth.
Field trips to both Eva's farm on Cooper Mountain, and Great Escapes Farms, owned by Todd McCree, are planned for Saturday, July 29. Information will be sent to the membership to sign up for these. (Note: the field trips were cancelled due to heavy rains and flash flooding that hit the area on July 28-29.)
The next meeting will be Thursday, August 10, 2017, at 7:00 pm. at the Bank of Romney Community Center, Romney.


Straw Bale Gardening - An Easy Raised Bed Technique for Clay Soil!
I found another very interesting post on creating a raised bed on top of a straw bale - it's of course call "straw bale gardening" and helps promote healthy beds and plants! This would work REALLY well in our heavy clay soil, so it is pretty appealing. Have other Michigan area gardeners tried this type of gardening technique? How difficult/easy is it to grow a garden on a bale of straw? What are your thoughts on this?


HOW TO GROW FREESIA BULBS
Freesia plants are grown from a corm that sends a tuft of long and narrow leaves with a branched stem. The flowers are loose, one-sided spikes with funnel shaped flowers that are rather narrow. These flowers are bordered with a few side leaves. Some of the more famous Freesia varieties are the Excelsior, Golden Wave, Welkin, Allure, Athene, Demeter, Mirabel, Snowdon and Pink Westlind.
The leaves of Freesia plants are sword shaped and light green in color. They can grow up to 300mm (one foot) in length. The stalks are slender and grow up to 300mm in height. You can find as many as eight funnel shaped Freesia flowers forming a loose cluster at the top of each stalk on the plant. One peculiarity of Freesia flowers is that, at the point of the start of flowers, the stem bends to face upward at a sharp bend. Freesia flowers are generally used for gifts on special occasions and they are said to symbolize innocence.
Freesia’s are grown for two reasons; the beauty of its flower clusters and the exquisite fragrance it emits. Besides being used in perfumes, the fragrance is used to create Freesia fragrance oils. These oils are used in oil burners and different vaporizers like drive time car vaporizer, radiator vaporizer and mini vaporizer. Freesia fragrance oil is also used for aromatherapy in scented candles, massage oils, bath oils and perfumed body oil.
Freesia flowers can be propagated either through offsets of bulbs or through seeds. These are plants that need full sun and cool night temperatures which lie somewhere between forty five and forty degrees. Make it a point to keep Freesia plants well watered; especially in the development phases of the leaves and flowers. Once the Freesia flowers start to fade, the leaves of the Freesia plants tend to brown and plant dries off. You then have to save the corms for the following year.
On receiving a Freesia bulb you need to water the bulb if you find that the soil looks dry. Place it in full sun. If you wish to save the bulb for the next year make sure you leave the foliage in place and do not cut it. This is because the foliage collects sunlight and provides nourishment to the bulb. Make sure that you water the Freesia bulb periodically.
When growing Freesia bulbs in your garden, it is important that the corms be planted close to each other. It is possible to grow as many as six corms in a 125mm (five inch) pot. The soil that is used for growing Freesia bulbs should be light, and well drained. When planting the corm make sure it is planted at least 25mm (1 inch) below the soil. Place the pots somewhere where there is full sunlight.
If you wish to have Freesia flowers in the winter months it is better to plant the bulbs in late summer or early Autumn. Make sure you keep the corms as cools as possible till frosts are due. During the winter months, it is better to bring the Freesia bulbs in, and place them in a sunny window.
If you plan to grow Freesia bulbs in garden beds it is important to choose a spot where there is no water pooling. This is because, though Freesia bulbs need water, too much water is bad for the bulb. If you have poorly drained soil you can try to improve it by adding organic matter. Organic material improves the drainage of the soil and you can use peat moss, ground bark, compost or decomposed manure.
Freesia bulbs don’t tend to be harmed or troubled by pests apart from slugs and snails which eat the foliage. The blooms of Freesia bulbs may, however, be attacked by thrips. Thrips are tiny insects that are only about a millimeter in length. They feed on soft plant tissue and suck plant fluids.
Thrips usually infest Freesia flowers in the warm and dry springtime season and cause brown spots on the petals or discourage buds from opening. Once the plants are attacked by thrips it is difficult to gain complete control as neighbouring plants can re-infest the Freesia bulbs.
When your Freesia’s are being attacked by slugs the best thing to do is encourage natural predators like ducks, frogs, hedgehogs, snakes and some birds. It is not advisable to use salt to get rid of slugs as salt is bad for the growth and development of the plant.
Freesia bulbs are plants that are easy to maintain, beautiful to look at, and will make your home and garden smell beautiful throughout the year!


Optimal Control of Lipid Extraction Model on Microalgae Using Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP) Methods
Algae are good plants as raw materials for biodiesel. Chlorella Vulgaris is one of the most economical algae to produce biodiesel since it is rich in carbohydrates, require no special care, and easy to grow. Algae oil for biodiesel production is obtained through fairly long processes, one of which is the lipid extraction. Mathematical model can be used to obtain optimal results. The optimal control theory itself is concerned with the analysis of controlled dynamic systems, in which a system is directed from configurations given to some desire target by minimizing or maximizing some criteria. In this study, LQR formulation has the advantages of easy to analyze and implementation. In comparison, optimum control is performed using the PMP method, to obtain the best control of the dynamic system from the initial state to the end, i.e by maximizing the objective function. This method is a better method than the LQR method. Optimal control is performed in order to optimize the yield of lipid concentration in the solvent flow (Cs), in the microalgae particles (Cp), and minimizing the volume of solvent (v). From the simulation, it is found that the PMP method is more optimal in this system compared to the LQR method.


I find it hard to care about lawn care. My lawn looks like I am a small-scale farmer and my crop is dandelions. I would estimate that, of a square foot of my yard, about 30% would qualify as some kind of grass. This evening I noticed these gorgeous patches of dark grass that had risen above all the rest of the grass since the last mowing. Standing in the driveway I thought “wouldn’t it be nice if my entire lawn were that stuff?” Upon closer inspection I realized it’s crabgrass.
My neighbors treat their lawns with sprays and spreads. One neighbor laid sod this spring. This is the second time I’ve had a neighbor lay sod. We all know how great sod looks on a new lawn. But do you know how great it looks next to my lawn? It is like sitting next to a guy at a wedding who’s wearing a $5,000 suit.
Every time I am out raking, picking up sticks from the dozen or so mature trees on my lot, or pulling weeds from the flowerbed every few years, all I can think about is that I’ll turn 50 this year, my father died at 58 of a massive heart attack, and I have 30 years of writing projects laying dormant in my study. I want to write. I don’t care about having a beautiful lawn. I don’t even care about having a lawn at all!
So here’s my solution. Writer Ranches. Let’s create subdivisions for writers. There will be a common building which will house space for entertaining and writing workshops. Each house will be four rooms: an eat-in kitchen, a bedroom, a bathroom, and a study. These houses will be inexpensive, zero-maintenance structures. And what will we do with all the money we’ve saved from such inexpensive housing? Hire groundskeepers, of course.