Rural Self-help Development Association (RSDA) has been registered as a non-government organisation (NGO) in Lesotho since 1991. RSDA works with local small-scale farmers, the government, and other NGOs to eradicate hunger and improve the livelihoods for the Basotho people in the rural communities. The goal seeks to be accomplished by facilitating help to self-help, and by making the rural population able to implement sustainable farming by providing technical guidance among other things. RSDA implements projects for several donors and partners such as Action Aid, SIDA (The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency), The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) under UN, USAID (The United States Agency for International Development) and Denmark Lesotho Network.
The project group within DLN
The project group consists of the following DLN members: Anders Hedegaard, Signe Hedegaard, Maria Clausen, Nis Kloppenborg Skau, Max Schröder, Anne-Marie Erikstrup, and Line Kaspersen. The members of the group communicate via e-mail, Skype meetings, and face-to-face meetings. The contact to RSDA is maintained by the exchange of e-mails, via conference calls, through quarterly reports, and monitoring visits to Lesotho.
DLN and RSDA’s cooperation
The contact between DLN and RSDA originally came about, when Anders Hedegaard and former member of the project group Karen Steffensen both worked in Lesotho.
DLN and RSDA’s projects have been and still are geographically centred within two of the most drought-affected districts in Lesotho: Mafeteng and Mohales Hoek.
DLN and RSDA began their formal partnership back in 2005, where a grant was approved by Civil Society in Development (CISU – through which it is possible to seek funding for projects by Danish associations in collaboration with local partners in developing countries).
The grant was for DKK 961,682, and the project ran for two years from 2005-2007. The project was entitled “Building capacity of small scale farmers through water harvesting and vegetable production”. As a result of the project 116 water harvesting tanks were built in Mafeteng and Mohales Hoek, and the first steps of introducing the farmers to lobbying and advocacy were taken. Both DLN and RSDA viewed the project as highly successful, and both partners were interested in continuing with the collaboration.
The second joint project took place in 2011-2013 and was entitled “Strengthening small scale farmer producer groups in Lesotho” with a budget of DKK 1.769.214. The purpose of the project was in part to strengthen the capacity within RSDA, and in part to focus directly on strengthening the capacity of 40 farmer groups in the two aforementioned districts in Lesotho. The aim was to strengthen both the internal organisation of the farmer groups as well as their ability to cooperate and network with local and national decision makers. The 40 farmer groups had established 3 umbrella-organisations, which also needed strengthening and training in advocacy and other methods with the purpose of building their capacity and thereby making them capable of affecting the farmers circumstances of life more effectively. Finally, work was done for the training of trainers to ensure sustainability and the sharing of knowledge and experience among the farmer groups. As a direct result of the project two of the umbrella-organisations have been successful in obtaining financial funding, and a training centre was built in Phamong, where the local umbrella-organisation holds meetings, seeds are sold, and there is a surrounding garden, which can be used for demonstrating agricultural techniques.
DLN and RSDA wish to continue their partnership of capacity building farmer groups in Lesotho. The joint mission continues to be to support farmer groups in Lesotho in their efforts to affect their own circumstances of life. The vision is to create farmer organisations across Lesotho that are capable of exerting their influence on local and national decision makers like it has been the case for Danish (powerful) farmer organisations.
Therefore both DLN and RSDA hope that it will be possible to continue the collaboration for the period of 2015-2017/18 with a third project: “Strengthening the organizational capacity of farmer associations emphasizing the skills within lobby and advocacy”. But DLN and RSDA agree on the fact that such an ambitious vision demands perseverance, stability, and capacity, in order for the third project to become a success. It was therefore decided that it would be necessary to strengthen the cooperation prior to a third project through a so called Partnership activity, with the purpose of strengthening RSDA’s capacity to support the farmer groups and their umbrella-organisations. An application was made for a Partnership activity and applied for at CISU. A grant of DKK 498,000 was approved, and the project will be running from January 1st till December 31st 2014. Within this time frame RSDA’s strategy for cooperating with the farmer groups will be analysed and adapted to suit the current needs of the farmer groups.


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Last year saw the lowest coffee crop in decades. The country has grown to rely on foreign imports to meet demand at home.


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What To Plant In The Fall Garden
Modified: January 7, 2024
Discover the best gardening tips for planting in your fall garden. Learn what plants thrive during the autumn season and how to ensure a successful harvest.
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Fall gardening is a delightful way to extend the growing season and enjoy the beauty of a flourishing garden well into the cooler months. As the temperatures start to drop and the daylight hours shorten, many gardeners may think that it’s time to hang up their gloves and wait for spring. However, fall gardening has numerous benefits and offers a unique opportunity to cultivate a wide range of plants.
Not only does fall gardening provide a chance to continue nurturing plants, but it also allows for the growth of certain vegetables, flowers, and herbs that thrive in the cooler weather. By selecting the right plants and properly preparing the soil, you can create a vibrant and bountiful fall garden that will bring joy and fresh produce to your table.
In this article, we will explore the benefits of fall gardening, discuss how to select the right plants for the season, provide tips on soil conditioning and preparation, and highlight the top vegetables, flowers, and herbs that are perfect for fall planting. Additionally, we will cover essential care and maintenance practices, as well as strategies for protecting your plants from frost. Lastly, we will touch upon the joy of harvesting and enjoying the fruits of your fall garden.
So, whether you’re an experienced gardener looking to expand your growing season or a beginner eager to embark on a new gardening adventure, let’s dive into the wonderful world of fall gardening and discover all the possibilities it has to offer!
- Embrace the cooler months with fall gardening, extending the growing season, enjoying vibrant colors, and savoring the flavors of homegrown produce while reducing pest pressure and nurturing nutrient-rich soil.
- Select frost-tolerant plants, prepare the soil, and provide proper care to create a thriving fall garden. Harvest and savor the bountiful produce, reflecting on the joys of nurturing nature’s beauty.
Read more: What Grass To Plant In The Fall
Benefits of Fall Gardening
Fall gardening brings a multitude of advantages for both the plants and the gardener. Let’s explore some of the key benefits:
- Extended Growing Season: Fall gardening allows you to continue growing and harvesting fresh produce even after the summer has ended. By taking advantage of the cooler temperatures and milder weather, you can enjoy an extended growing season and increase your food production.
- Cooler Weather: Many plants tend to thrive in cooler temperatures, as it reduces stress and slows down certain pests and diseases. Fall gardening provides the ideal conditions for growing a variety of vegetables, flowers, and herbs that may struggle in the heat of summer.
- Less Watering: During the fall, the frequency of rainfall usually increases, reducing the need for excessive watering. This not only saves time and effort but also promotes healthier root development by allowing plants to absorb water naturally rather than relying solely on irrigation.
- Reduced Pest Pressure: Insects and pests tend to become less active during the fall, which means you’ll encounter fewer problems with pests damaging your crops. This allows you to focus more on plant growth and less on pest control.
- Less Weeds: With the cooler temperatures and a decrease in weed growth, fall gardening presents an opportunity to have a cleaner and more organized garden. You’ll spend less time battling pesky weeds and more time tending to your desired plants.
- Beautiful Fall Colors: Fall gardens are a delight to the eye with their vibrant hues of red, orange, and gold. By selecting the right flowers and foliage, you can create a visually stunning garden that adds warmth and beauty to your outdoor space.
- Nutrient-rich Soil: Fall gardening gives you the chance to replenish and improve the soil. By planting cover crops or incorporating organic matter, you can enhance the soil’s fertility and structure, ensuring healthy and robust plant growth in future seasons.
Overall, fall gardening offers a unique opportunity to continue gardening and reap numerous benefits. From an extended growing season to reduced pest pressure and beautiful autumn colors, there are plenty of reasons to embrace fall gardening and make the most of the cooler months.
Selecting the Right Plants for Fall
Choosing the right plants for your fall garden is crucial to ensure a successful and productive growing season. Here are some factors to consider when selecting plants for fall:
- Cool Season Varieties: Look for plants that are specifically suited for cooler temperatures. These varieties have adapted to thrive in the fall weather and will perform better than their warm-season counterparts.
- Frost Tolerance: Check the frost tolerance of the plants you’re considering. Some plants can withstand light frost, while others are more sensitive. Knowing the frost tolerance of your chosen plants will help you plan accordingly and protect them when necessary.
- Days to Maturity: Consider the days to maturity for vegetables that you want to harvest before the first frost. Planting varieties with shorter maturity times will give you ample time to enjoy their harvest before colder temperatures arrive.
- Succession Planting: Opt for plants that have a quick turnover rate if you wish to maximize your garden’s productivity. Succession planting involves sowing seeds or transplanting seedlings at intervals to ensure a continuous harvest throughout the fall.
- Planting Zones: Take into account your specific planting zone and choose plants that are recommended for your region. Different plants have different temperature tolerances, and selecting ones suitable for your zone increases their chances of thriving.
- Complementary Pairings: Consider how different plants can complement each other in terms of growth habits, aesthetics, or pest control. Companion planting can enhance your garden’s overall health and productivity while creating an appealing visual display.
- Personal Preferences: Lastly, don’t forget to choose plants that you enjoy growing and consuming. Whether it’s your favorite vegetables or flowers with a specific color palette, prioritize your personal preferences to make your fall garden a space that brings you joy.
Some popular choices for fall vegetables include kale, broccoli, carrots, radishes, and spinach. For flowers, marigolds, pansies, and chrysanthemums are popular fall bloomers. Don’t forget to include fall herbs like sage, thyme, and parsley that can add flavor to your culinary creations.
By carefully selecting the right plants for your fall garden, you’ll set yourself up for a successful growing season and be rewarded with a bountiful harvest and a visually pleasing garden.
Preparation and Soil Conditioning
Preparing your garden and conditioning the soil is essential for creating a fertile and nutrient-rich environment that will support the growth of your fall plants. Here are some key steps to take:
- Clean Up: Start by removing any debris, weeds, or spent plants from your garden bed. Clearing away old vegetation helps prevent the buildup of pests and diseases and ensures a fresh start for your fall garden.
- Soil Testing: Conduct a soil test to determine its pH level and nutrient content. This information will guide you in making necessary amendments to optimize the soil conditions for your plants. Make sure to follow the recommendations provided by the soil test results.
- Amendments: Add organic matter such as compost, well-rotted manure, or leaf mold to improve the soil structure and nutrient content. Organic matter enhances drainage and aeration while providing a steady supply of nutrients to the plants. Spread a layer of compost or other amendments over the top of the soil and work it in with a garden fork or tiller.
- Fertilization: If your soil test indicates nutrient deficiencies, consider applying a balanced organic fertilizer based on the recommended application rates. This will provide the necessary nutrients for strong plant growth during the fall season.
- Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as straw or shredded leaves, around your plants. Mulching helps to retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, regulate soil temperature, and gradually break down to add organic matter to the soil.
- Irrigation: Ensure that your garden bed has proper irrigation or watering systems in place. While fall often brings more rainfall, it’s important to monitor the soil moisture levels and supplement with watering when necessary, especially during dry spells.
- Bed Preparation: Before planting, loosen the soil and remove any large clumps or rocks. Use a garden fork or tiller to break up compacted soil, improving its structure and drainage. This will create an ideal growing environment for your fall plants.
By thoroughly preparing and conditioning your soil, you provide a solid foundation for healthy plant growth. The enhanced soil fertility and structure will support your fall garden’s overall health and productivity, ensuring the best possible results.
Top Vegetables to Plant in the Fall Garden
Fall is a fantastic time to grow a variety of vegetables that thrive in cooler temperatures. These vegetables not only tolerate the chilly weather but often taste even better after a light frost. Here are some of the top vegetables to consider planting in your fall garden:
- Leafy Greens: Greens like kale, spinach, lettuce, and Swiss chard are ideal for fall planting. They grow well in cooler temperatures and can withstand light frost. These nutritious greens can be harvested as baby leaves for salads or allowed to mature for heartier meals.
- Cruciferous Vegetables: Broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage are excellent choices for the fall garden. These vegetables prefer cooler weather and will appreciate the milder conditions of autumn. Be sure to provide enough space for these plants to reach their full size and harvest them before the deep freeze sets in.
- Root Vegetables: Carrots, beets, turnips, radishes, and parsnips are perfect for fall planting. The cooler temperatures enhance the flavor and sweetness of these root vegetables. Plant them early enough in the season to allow adequate time for maturity before the ground freezes.
- Alliums: Fall is an opportune time to plant onions, garlic, and shallots. These pungent alliums require a long growth period, and fall planting allows them to establish roots before winter. Harvest them next summer when the foliage starts to yellow and topple over.
- Herbs: Fall is an excellent time to grow herbs like parsley, cilantro, chives, and dill. These flavorful herbs flourish in the cooler temperatures and can enhance a variety of fall dishes. Snip their leaves as needed to enjoy their fresh flavors in your culinary creations.
- Radicchio and Endive: These bitter greens are perfect additions to fall salads and stir-fries. They develop a robust flavor and vibrant color when exposed to cooler temperatures. Start the seeds indoors and transplant them into your garden for best results.
- Peas: Peas love the cool weather of fall. Snap peas, snow peas, and shelling peas can all be planted for a delightful harvest. Provide them with a trellis or support for climbing and enjoy the crisp, sweet pods before the first frost arrives.
- Beets: Beets are versatile and nutritious root vegetables that thrive in the fall. Plant them for their sweet roots and tender greens. Harvest the beets when they reach the desired size and use the nutritious greens in salads or sautés.
These are just a few examples of the many vegetables you can plant in your fall garden. Remember to check the specific planting guidelines for your region and choose varieties that are well-suited to your climate. With the right selection of vegetables, you can enjoy a bountiful fall harvest of fresh and flavorful produce.
Read more: What Type Of Grass Seed To Plant In Fall
Best Flowers for Fall Planting
While summer may be known for its vibrant blooms, fall gardening offers a wide array of flowers that can add a burst of color and beauty to your garden. Here are some of the best flowers to consider planting in the fall:
- Chrysanthemums: Chrysanthemums, often called “mums,” are the quintessential fall flowers. They come in a variety of colors and bloom shapes, adding instant charm to any garden. These hardy flowers can withstand cool temperatures and often thrive until late fall.
- Pansies: Pansies are beloved for their cheerful faces and vibrant hues. These cold-tolerant flowers can withstand light frosts, making them an excellent choice for fall planting. They bloom in various colors and can provide continuous color throughout the season.
- Marigolds: Marigolds are known for their vibrant orange and yellow flowers that bring warmth to any fall garden. These sturdy annuals are easy to grow and offer a variety of sizes and shapes. They also help deter pests, making them an excellent companion for other vegetables and flowers.
- Asters: Asters produce daisy-like flowers in shades of pink, purple, and white. These perennials are a favorite for fall gardens, attracting pollinators like bees and butterflies. They add a whimsical touch of wildflower beauty to beds, borders, and containers.
- Rudbeckia: Commonly known as black-eyed Susans, rudbeckias are bright and cheerful flowers that bloom in late summer through fall. They feature a striking contrast of yellow or orange petals with a dark center. These hardy perennials attract bees and butterflies and make excellent cut flowers.
- Verbena: Verbena is a versatile and low-maintenance flower that blooms profusely in the fall. With its clusters of small, densely packed flowers in various shades of purple, pink, and white, verbena adds a charming touch to garden borders and hanging baskets.
- Salvia: Salvias come in a range of colors, including vibrant reds, purples, and blues. These showy flowers attract hummingbirds and butterflies, adding movement and beauty to your fall garden. Salvias are drought-tolerant and require minimal maintenance.
- Ornamental Kale and Cabbage: While technically not flowers, ornamental kale and cabbage offer stunning foliage that can rival any bloom. Their vibrant colors and unique textures make them eye-catching additions to fall gardens. Plant them in beds or containers to create a captivating display.
These are just a few examples of the best flowers for fall planting. Be sure to check your planting zone and choose varieties that are well-suited to your climate. With these striking flowers, you can create a vibrant and colorful fall garden that will continue to bring joy and beauty even as the seasons change.
Consider planting cool-season vegetables such as lettuce, spinach, kale, and radishes in the fall garden. These crops thrive in the cooler temperatures and can provide a bountiful harvest before the winter sets in.
Fall Herbs to Grow in your Garden
When it comes to fall gardening, don’t forget about the delightful addition of herbs. Fall is the perfect time to cultivate a variety of herbs that thrive in cooler temperatures and add delightful flavors to your culinary creations. Here are some fall herbs to consider growing in your garden:
- Sage: Sage is a flavorful herb with velvety gray-green leaves. It thrives in cooler temperatures and is a great addition to savory dishes. Its earthy and slightly peppery flavor pairs well with roasted meats, stews, and stuffings.
- Thyme: Thyme is a low-growing herb with small, aromatic leaves. It is a hardy perennial that can withstand cooler temperatures and is a staple in many dishes. Its subtle, earthy flavor enhances meats, soups, stews, and roasted vegetables.
- Parsley: Parsley is a versatile herb that adds freshness to a variety of dishes. It is a biennial plant that thrives in cooler weather, producing vibrant green leaves that have a mild, slightly peppery taste. Use it as a garnish, or add it to salads, soups, and sauces.
- Chives: Chives are a member of the onion family and grow well in cooler temperatures. They produce thin, hollow leaves with a mild onion flavor. Chives are excellent for adding a subtle onion taste to salads, omelets, and creamy dips.
- Cilantro: Cilantro is a popular herb used in various cuisines, with its distinct fresh and citrusy flavor. It grows best in cooler weather, as it tends to bolt in hot temperatures. Use cilantro leaves in salsas, soups, salads, and many other dishes.
- Oregano: Oregano is a perennial herb that is known for its robust and aromatic flavor. It grows well in cooler temperatures and is a key ingredient in Mediterranean and Italian dishes. Use it in tomato sauces, pizzas, marinades, and roasted vegetables.
- Parsnip: Parsnip is a root vegetable that develops a sweet and earthy flavor when exposed to cool temperatures. Its foliage is similar to parsley and can be used as an herb in cooking. Roast or mash parsnips for a delicious side dish during the fall season.
- Rosemary: Rosemary is a woody herb with aromatic needle-like leaves. While it is evergreen in many regions, it thrives in cooler temperatures. Its distinctive pine-like flavor enhances roasted meats, potatoes, bread, and marinades.
These fall herbs can be planted in garden beds or containers, providing you with fresh flavors and fragrances throughout the autumn season. Harvest the herbs as needed, but be sure to leave enough leaves on the plant to sustain growth. With these herbs in your fall garden, you’ll have a wealth of aromatic and flavorful ingredients to enhance your culinary endeavors.
Caring for Your Fall Garden
Proper care and maintenance are crucial for ensuring the success of your fall garden. Though the days may be shorter and the temperatures cooler, your plants still require attention and care. Here are some essential tips for caring for your fall garden:
- Watering: Even though the cooler weather may bring more rainfall, it’s important to monitor the moisture levels in your garden. Check the soil regularly and water your plants when needed. Be mindful not to overwater, as excessively wet soil can lead to root rot.
- Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch around your plants to conserve moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weed growth. Mulching also helps to protect the roots of the plants as temperatures start to dip.
- Weeding: Keep up with regular weeding to prevent competition for nutrients and space. Remove any weeds that emerge promptly to give your plants the best chance at growth and vigor.
- Fertilizing: If your plants show signs of nutrient deficiency, consider fertilizing them with a balanced organic fertilizer. However, be mindful of the specific nutrient requirements for each plant type and follow the recommended application rates to avoid over-fertilization.
- Pruning: Prune your plants as needed to maintain their shape and encourage healthy growth. Remove any dead or diseased foliage promptly to prevent the spread of diseases. Pruning also helps improve airflow and light penetration, reducing the risk of fungal infections.
- Pest Control: While fall typically sees a decrease in pest activity, it’s important to remain vigilant. Inspect your plants regularly for any signs of pests and take appropriate action. Use natural pest control methods whenever possible to avoid harmful chemicals in your garden.
- Supporting Plants: As your plants grow, provide appropriate support to prevent them from being damaged by strong winds or heavy rains. Use stakes, cages, or trellises to support taller plants and secure them to prevent breakage.
- Harvesting: Regularly check for ripe produce in your garden and harvest them at the peak of maturity. Leaving overripe fruits or vegetables in the garden can attract pests and diseases. Harvesting also encourages the plants to continue producing throughout the season.
- Observation: Take the time to observe your plants and garden regularly. Note any changes in growth, color, or appearance, as they may indicate underlying issues. Early identification and intervention can help prevent further problems and ensure the well-being of your plants.
By providing proper care and attention, your fall garden will thrive, producing beautiful blooms, abundant harvests, and a landscape that brings joy and satisfaction. Stay proactive, be attentive to your plants’ needs, and enjoy the rewards of a well-tended fall garden.
Protecting Your Plants from Frost
As fall progresses, the risk of frost increases, which can pose a threat to your delicate plants. Frost can damage or even kill plants that are not adequately protected. Here are some tips to help you safeguard your garden from frost:
- Monitor Weather Forecasts: Stay informed about upcoming weather conditions, particularly overnight temperatures, which are often cooler and more prone to frost. Be prepared to take action if frost is expected.
- Covering: Use protective coverings, such as lightweight blankets, cloths, sheets, or frost blankets, to cover your vulnerable plants overnight. Avoid using plastic alone, as it can cause condensation and damage the plants. Secure the coverings loosely to allow for airflow and prevent crushing the foliage.
- Timing: Cover your plants in the late afternoon or early evening before temperatures drop. This helps trap some of the heat absorbed during the day and provides insulation throughout the night. Remove the coverings in the morning once temperatures rise and the risk of frost has passed.
- Watering: Water the soil around your plants thoroughly before a frost event. Moist soil has better heat retention properties than dry soil, providing a buffering effect against freezing temperatures. However, be cautious not to water excessively, as this can lead to root rot.
- Grouping Plants: Consider grouping potted plants close together. This allows them to create a microclimate that retains heat and provides some protection from frost. The collective heat generated by the close proximity can help raise the temperature slightly.
- Use Mulch: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants to insulate the roots and minimize temperature fluctuations. Mulch helps maintain soil warmth and protects the root zone from freezing temperatures.
- Cold Frames or Tunnels: For more advanced protection, you can use cold frames or tunnels. These structures provide a sheltered environment for your plants, shielding them from frost and providing additional insulation. Cold frames are typically transparent and placed directly over the plants, while tunnels are arched structures covered with a protective material.
- Bring Potted Plants Indoors: If you have potted plants that are susceptible to frost damage, consider bringing them indoors temporarily or placing them in a sheltered area, such as a garage or covered porch, until the frost threat passes.
- Choose Frost-Tolerant Plants: When planning your fall garden, select plants that are more resistant to frost. Some plants, like kale, cabbage, and ornamental grasses, are more tolerant of colder temperatures and can withstand light frost without significant damage.
Remember that frost protection measures are temporary solutions to help your plants survive a frost event. While some plants may bounce back from light frost damage, others may need extra care and attention to recover. By taking the necessary precautions, you can minimize the risk of frost damage and extend the growing season for your fall garden.
Read more: When To Plant Grass In Fall
Harvesting and Enjoying Fall Produce
One of the most rewarding aspects of fall gardening is the opportunity to savor the bountiful harvest of fresh and flavorful produce. As your plants reach maturity, here are some tips for harvesting and enjoying the fruits of your fall garden:
- Timing: Harvest your vegetables and herbs at the right time to ensure peak flavor and quality. Refer to seed packets or plant labels for guidance on when to harvest each crop. Some vegetables, like leafy greens, can be harvested continuously as needed, while others have specific maturity indicators.
- Proper Technique: Use proper harvesting techniques to avoid damaging your plants. For vegetables like lettuce, kale, and herbs, use clean scissors or pruners to cut the leaves just above the soil level. For root vegetables, gently loosen the soil and carefully lift them out to avoid breakage.
- Storing Produce: Properly store your harvested produce to maintain freshness and quality. Leafy greens can be washed, dried, and stored in the refrigerator in airtight bags or containers. Root vegetables should be cleaned of excess soil and stored in a cool, dark place with good airflow.
- Preserving: Explore different preservation methods, such as canning, pickling, or freezing, to prolong the shelf life of your fall produce. Leafy greens, herbs, and certain vegetables can be blanched and frozen for later use. Properly canned or pickled vegetables can be enjoyed well into the winter months.
- Cooking and Recipes: Embrace the flavors of fall by incorporating your harvested produce into delicious recipes. Roast root vegetables with herbs and olive oil, sauté leafy greens with garlic, or create comforting soups and stews using your homegrown ingredients. Experiment with different flavors and cooking techniques to savor the essence of your fall garden.
- Sharing and Preserving Seeds: Save seeds from your favorite varieties to replant in future seasons. Properly dry and store the seeds in a cool, dry place. Consider sharing excess seeds with friends or participating in seed exchanges to promote biodiversity and foster community engagement.
- Enjoying the Beauty: Appreciate the beauty of your fall garden beyond its edible offerings. Harvest flowers and foliage to create stunning floral arrangements, wreaths, or table centerpieces. Embrace the vibrant colors and textures that autumn brings, bringing the essence of your garden indoors.
- Reflecting and Planning: Take time to reflect on the joys and accomplishments of your fall garden. Assess what worked well and what you may want to improve for future seasons. Use this knowledge to plan and prepare for the next growing year, including selecting new varieties to try and implementing lessons learned.
Remember, the true joy of fall gardening lies not just in the harvest, but also in the process of nurturing, savoring, and appreciating the fruits of your labor. Take pride in the bounty of your fall garden and embrace the flavors and beauty it offers.
Gardening in the fall is a rewarding and fulfilling experience, allowing you to extend the growing season and enjoy the beauty of nature’s palette as the leaves change color. By selecting the right plants, preparing the soil, and providing proper care, you can create a thriving fall garden that yields a bountiful harvest and a visually stunning landscape.
The benefits of fall gardening are abundant. You can relish an extended growing season, grow cool-season vegetables and herbs, and witness the beauty of fall flowers. Fall gardening also presents a chance to improve soil fertility, lessen pest pressure, and enjoy the flavors of fresh, homegrown produce.
Remember to select plants that thrive in cooler temperatures and are frost-tolerant, ensuring their success in your fall garden. Proper soil preparation, including soil testing and amendments, helps provide the optimal conditions for plant growth. Regular care and maintenance practices, such as watering, mulching, and pest control, ensure your plants’ vitality and protect them from the challenges of the season.
Harvesting the fruits of your fall garden is a delightful experience. Use proper techniques to harvest and store your produce, and explore various preservation methods to enjoy the flavors throughout the year. Cooking with your homegrown ingredients adds a special touch to your meals, allowing you to fully savor the abundance of flavors and tastes of the season.
As you reflect on your fall gardening journey, appreciate the beauty of your garden, both in its edible offerings and its visual appeal. Share your experiences and knowledge with others, inspiring them to embark on their own gardening adventures. Preserve seeds to continue the cycle of growth and nurture a sense of community and sustainability.
In conclusion, fall gardening is not only a way to enhance your outdoor space but also an opportunity to cultivate a deeper connection with nature and the changing seasons. Embrace the joys and challenges of fall gardening, and let your green thumb flourish as you create a vibrant and abundant fall garden.
Frequently Asked Questions about What To Plant In The Fall Garden
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The original two rows are starting to show their age and some insect damage, but I planted more of them in the kitchen garden with the squash and those are just starting to produce.
The cucumbers have blessed me with with the first time in my life that I can eat as many cucumbers as I want. I eat them every day and I ponder the notion of making pickles of some sort. But we've had some terribly hot weather and I can't bring myself to sterilize the jars and do the pickling.
So I'm eating them instead. I grew Straight 8s and they've been good keepers. They stay crisp no matter how large they grow and the flesh is firm and slightly sweet.
fresh tomatoes and okra and...squash.


I hope you sent a reporter to the Food and Agriculture Board meeting tonight. The courthouse was overflowing with citizens who oppose GMO sugar beets being grown on our open spaces. In fact, there were over 100 people signed up to speak. I do not wish to get into the issue of the dangers of GMOs as this subject has already been well covered. It seems to me that an equally important issue is the fact that this is public land paid for with our tax dollars. Why then are farmers that use this land not required to grow crops that nourish us in some way and not just pad their pocketbooks? Sugar beets are not the red beets that your grandmother canned. They are specifically grown to supply white, processed sugar to large corporations like Mars Candy. They happen to grow very well in our climate and are known as “white gold” as they have been more profitable than the gold rush for our area. However, with the cost of fuel and food on the rise again, why are we using our open spaces to grow something that we can’t even eat? For those of you that are also alarmed by this, please be sure to let your county commissioners know how you feel. They will put this to a final vote on August 25th.


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9) Languages known about:Kannada,English and Hindi
M/s. VARSHA Associates is a registered firm, promoted by a group of young Agriculture Graduates. Promoters have an experience of more than 27 + years in the field of Manufacturing of Implements, Equipment, Marketing & Consultancy Services. We have a annual turnover of around 500 million INR.
We are one of the oldest agro equipment's manufacturers and traders in India, and with a dynamic ability and state-of-art manufacturing facilities of about 5000 sq mts . Varsha Associates was established in the year 1993 and since last 2 decades we are serving the agriculture and industrial community to greater extent with its quality products, efficiency and service . We have a fleet of vehicles for transportation of equipment's, service and also for the purpose of demonstration of these equipments.
We manufacture and trade most of the Agriculture & Garden equipment's required for hi-tech agriculture/ Garden care.We have comprehensive range of quality, efficient and reliable Garden equipment's. Our heavy-duty implements are totally maintenance free and cost effective.
RANGE OF PRODUCTS
Our fully loaded exclusive range of variety of Agri Equipments is categorized under the broad list of Tillage and Land preparation Equipments, Sowing and Planting Implements, Inter-cultivation Equipment's, Irrigation Equipments, Plant Protection Equipments, Harvesting Machines, Post Harvest Machineries and Processing Equipments, Equipments for General purpose and Garden Care etc.


Welcome to the wonderful world of Stardew Valley, where you can grow crops, raise animals, and make delicious wine. If you’re looking to improve the quality of your wines, you’ve come to the right place. In this article, we’ll share expert tips and strategies to help you enhance the quality of your wines in the game.
Whether you’re new to the game or a seasoned player, there are plenty of ways to improve your winemaking skills. From selecting the best crops to upgrading your tools, there are several factors that can affect the quality of your wine. So, let’s get started and find out how to increase wine quality in Stardew Valley.
- Enhancing wine quality in Stardew Valley is possible with the right tips and strategies.
- Factors such as crop selection, equipment upgrades, and proper aging can all impact wine quality.
- Experimenting with different wine recipes and selling high-quality wines can lead to higher profits and better relationships with villagers.
Understanding the Basics of Winemaking
To produce high-quality wine in Stardew Valley, you must understand the basic mechanics of winemaking. The first and most crucial aspect is the quality of the crops you use to make your wine.
The better the quality of the crops, the higher the quality of the wine produced. Therefore, you should prioritize growing high-quality crops in your farm.
You can achieve this by planting the seeds in fertilized soil, applying fertilizer at the right time, and using sprinklers to ensure consistent watering.
The quality of the wine is not solely determined by the crops, however. It’s also influenced by the type of fruit used. Different fruits provide varying effects on wine quality, so it’s worth experimenting with different combinations to find the best formula.
Another factor that affects wine quality is the season when the crops were harvested. Some fruits are only available in certain seasons, so it’s essential to plan your crops accordingly.
Once you have harvested your crops, you can use a wine press to produce wine. The wine produced is of the same quality as the crops used, so ensure you use only the best ones.
To summarize, to produce high-quality wine in Stardew Valley, you must prioritize the quality of your crops, use the best fruit combinations, and harvest the crops at the right time. By following these basic tips, you’ll be well on your way to making exceptional wine in the game.
Choosing the Right Crops for Winemaking
Selecting the right crops is crucial to producing high-quality wines in Stardew Valley. Not all crops are created equal, and some have a higher potential for producing better wine quality than others.
To maximize wine quality, prioritize crops such as ancient fruit, starfruit, and cranberries. These crops have a higher chance of producing gold-star quality items, which can be used for winemaking.
To obtain these crops, invest in quality seeds and fertilizer. Use the best fertilizer available, such as deluxe speed-gro or quality fertilizer, to maximize crop quality.
Note that some crops take longer to grow than others, so plan accordingly. Ancient fruit, for example, takes a full season to grow, but it’s well worth the wait.
By selecting the right crops and using the best farming techniques, you can produce high-quality wines that will impress any villager in Stardew Valley.
Upgrading Your Wine Tools and Equipment
To produce the best quality wine, it’s essential to upgrade your tools and equipment. Upgraded tools can improve the efficiency of the wine production process, and better equipment can enhance the quality of the wine.
The first tool to upgrade is the Wine Barrel. Upgrading the barrel will increase the wine’s quality by one level, up to a maximum of iridium quality. The higher the quality of the barrel, the less time it takes to age the wine.
|Wood (100), Iron Bar (1)
|Wood (100), Gold Bar (1)
|Wood (100), Iridium Bar (1)
Another important tool to upgrade is the Preserves Jar. Upgrading it will increase the wine’s value by 50%. The higher the quality of the jar, the less time it takes to process the wine.
|Wood (50), Stone (40), Copper Bar (1)
|Wood (50), Stone (40), Iron Bar (1)
|Wood (50), Stone (40), Gold Bar (1)
|Wood (50), Stone (40), Iridium Bar (1)
The last tool to upgrade is the Keg. Upgrading it will increase the wine’s value by 3 times. The higher the quality of the keg, the less time it takes to process the wine.
|Wood (30), Copper Bar (1)
|Wood (30), Iron Bar (1)
|Wood (30), Oak Resin (1)
|Wood (30), Iron Bar (1), Oak Resin (1)
|Wood (30), Gold Bar (1), Oak Resin (1)
|Wood (30), Iridium Bar (1), Oak Resin (1)
Upgrading your tools and equipment requires time and resources, but the benefits of producing higher-quality wine are worth it. Investing in upgrades will pay off in the long run, making your winemaking business more profitable and rewarding.
Understanding Aging and Maturation
When it comes to winemaking in Stardew Valley, aging and maturation are key components to ensuring the highest quality wines. Aging refers to the process of letting the wine sit in a cask for a certain amount of time, while maturation refers to the changes that occur to the wine during that time. The longer the wine ages, the more complex and flavorful it becomes.
To age your wine properly, you will need to purchase a cask from the carpenter’s shop. Once you have a cask, you can fill it with wine and let it age for a designated amount of days. The quality of the wine will improve with each passing day, up to a maximum of two and a half years.
It’s important to keep in mind that different wines have different optimal aging times. For example, a pale ale may only need a few days to age, while a starfruit wine may benefit from aging for several months. Pay attention to the recommended aging times for each type of wine to achieve the best results.
It’s also vital to store your aging wine in an appropriate location. Casks should be placed in a cool, dark room, such as a cellar or basement. This will help maintain a consistent temperature and protect the wine from exposure to light and heat.
Using Quality Fertilizers and Sprinklers
To maximize the quality of your wines in Stardew Valley, it’s important to ensure that your crops are growing at their best. Using quality fertilizers and sprinklers can help you achieve just that.
There are several types of fertilizers available in the game, each with its own benefits. Basic fertilizer is the most common and can be crafted easily using sap. Quality and deluxe fertilizers are more potent and require better ingredients to make, but they can significantly boost the quality of your crops.
Sprinklers are also a great tool to have for efficient crop growth. Basic sprinklers cover a 4×4 area, while quality and iridium sprinklers cover larger areas. By using sprinklers, your crops can receive consistent watering without the need for manual labor.
Remember to place fertilizers and sprinklers before planting your crops. This will ensure that they are being used effectively and that your crops receive the full benefits.
Section 7: Paying Attention to the Wine Production Process
To achieve the best wine quality, it is essential to pay attention to each stage of the production process. Proper crushing, fermentation, and aging are crucial to producing high-quality wine in Stardew Valley.
During crushing, make sure to use the best equipment available. Upgrading your tools can improve the efficiency and quality of the crushing process.
When fermenting your wine, keep an eye on the temperature and flavor profile. Consider using quality yeast to enhance the fermentation process and develop a unique taste.
Lastly, aging is a critical stage of winemaking that can significantly improve the flavor and quality of your wine. Ensure that your wine is stored in the proper environment, such as a cellar or keg, and pay attention to the aging time. Longer aging times can lead to richer and smoother wines.
By paying close attention to each stage of the wine production process, you can achieve the best possible quality for your wine.
Experimenting with Different Wine Recipes
If you want to take your winemaking game to the next level, don’t be afraid to experiment with different wine recipes. While the basic recipe requires only one type of crop, the more you add to the recipe, the more complex and unique your wine will become.
Try combining different crops to create unique flavor profiles and aging times. For example, combining grape and blackberry crops can create a delicious and unique wine that improves with a longer aging time.
Another tip is to experiment with aging times to achieve different results. For instance, aging a strawberry wine for longer than a year can result in a much smoother and complex flavor profile.
Ultimately, the key is to keep experimenting until you discover your favorite wine recipes. Don’t be afraid to think outside the box and try new things. Who knows, you might even discover the next best wine in Stardew Valley!
Selling and Gifting Your High-Quality Wines
Now that you have mastered the art of winemaking in Stardew Valley, it’s time to reap the rewards! High-quality wines can fetch a higher price and boost your relationships with the villagers. Here are some tips on when and where to sell or gift your wines:
|Best Time to Sell
|Best Place to Sell
|Pierre’s General Store
|Regular business hours
|Regular business hours
|The Stardrop Saloon
|Monday to Friday
|The Luau Festival
|Once a year
As for gifting, consider the preferences of each villager. Some of them may love wine, while others may not appreciate it as much. Here are some villagers who love wine and the occasions when you can give them as a gift:
|Best Occasions to Gift
|Her birthday (Fall 27)
|Valentines Day (Spring 14)
|Her birthday (Winter 23)
|His birthday (Spring 20)
Remember to wrap your gift in pretty wrapping paper and give it to the villager during their preferred time. Happy winemaking and happy gifting!
Congratulations, you now have a solid understanding of how to boost wine quality in Stardew Valley! By following our expert tips and strategies, you can create high-quality wines that will impress your in-game friends and fetch a higher price at market.
Remember to pay attention to the winemaking process, from selecting the right crops to using quality fertilizers and tools. Don’t be afraid to experiment with different recipes, and make sure to properly age and store your wine for optimal results.
Q: How can I improve the quality of my wine in Stardew Valley?
A: There are several strategies you can implement to enhance the quality of your wine. This guide provides expert tips on growing high-quality crops, selecting the right ingredients, upgrading your tools, understanding aging and maturation, using quality fertilizers and sprinklers, paying attention to the wine production process, experimenting with different wine recipes, and maximizing the benefits of selling and gifting your high-quality wines.
Q: How does the quality of crops affect the quality of wine?
A: The quality of the crops used as ingredients directly impacts the quality of the wine. By growing high-quality crops and using the best ones for winemaking, you can significantly improve the final product.
Q: Which crops should I prioritize for winemaking?
A: It’s important to select crops that have a higher potential for producing better wine quality. Some recommended crops for winemaking include ancient fruit, starfruit, and hops. This guide provides tips on how to obtain these crops and maximize their potential.
Q: How can upgrading my wine tools and equipment help improve wine quality?
A: Upgrading your wine tools and equipment can enhance the production process and overall quality of the wine. This guide discusses the different tools available in the game and explains how upgrading them can make a difference in the final product.
Q: What is the importance of aging and maturation in winemaking?
A: Aging and maturation can significantly improve the quality and flavor profile of the wine. Properly aging and storing your wine in Stardew Valley is essential to maximize its quality. This guide provides tips on how to do so effectively.
Q: How do quality fertilizers and sprinklers contribute to wine quality?
A: Using quality fertilizers and sprinklers can enhance the growth of crops, leading to higher-quality ingredients for winemaking. This guide explains the importance of these items and how they can improve wine quality.
Q: What stages of the wine production process should I pay attention to?
A: It’s crucial to pay attention to various stages of the wine production process, such as crushing, fermentation, and aging. This guide provides tips on how to optimize each stage to achieve better wine quality.
Q: Is it beneficial to experiment with different wine recipes?
A: Yes, experimenting with different wine recipes can lead to the discovery of unique and high-quality wines. This guide encourages players to try out new combinations of crops and aging times and provides suggestions for recipes to try.
Q: How can selling and gifting high-quality wines benefit me?
A: High-quality wines can fetch higher prices and improve relationships with the villagers when sold or gifted. This guide provides tips on when and where to sell your wines for maximum profit.
Q: What is the importance of following the expert tips provided in this guide?
A: Following the expert tips provided in this guide is essential to boost wine quality in Stardew Valley. By implementing these strategies, you can achieve the best results and enhance your winemaking skills.


But indirect land use change caused by biofuels is forcing rainforest destruction in the Amazon, Southeast Asia and Africa. And it is triggering global hunger and starvation.
If you use farmland in North America to grow biofuels, you’re forcing a farmer somewhere else to clear-cut forest to grow food crops. You’ve effectively cut down a rain forest.
— David Tilman, lead author of the “Land Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon Debt” study published in SCIENCE, February, 2008. Quote is from the March 14, 2008 issue of Newsweek.
We looked at all of the current biofuels that are being made around the world and asked if they were causing native ecosystems to be turned into land that would be used to grow the crop. Essentially, all of them are doing that.
—Tilman, ibid. http://www.newsweek.com/id/110636
Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or grasslands to produce food crop–based biofuels in Brazil, Southeast Asia, and the United States creates a “biofuel carbon debt” by releasing 17 to 420 times more CO2 than the annual greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions that these biofuels would provide by displacing fossil fuels.
The second major biofuels study published in February, 2008 came from Princeton and is titled “Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land Use Change”.
To produce biofuels, farmers can directly plow up more forests or grassland which releases to the atmosphere much of the carbon previously stored in plants and soil through decomposition or fire… Alternatively, farmers can divert existing crops or croplands into biofuels, which causes similar emissions indirectly. The diversion triggers higher crop prices, and farmers around the world respond by clearing more forest and grassland to replace crops for feed or food.
The February 8, 2008 New York Times awarded these studies this headline: “BIOFUELS DEEMED A GREENHOUSE THREAT”.
Let’s not forget the devastating health and social impacts caused by biofuels forcing indirect land use change. In 2007, U.N. Rapporteur for Food, Jean Ziegler, called these biofuels a “crime against humanity” because they rob land from food production and force millions of humans to confront food shortages, hunger and starvation.
This widespread reduction in acreage dedicated to human food production has created global food shortages, raising the prices of food staples beyond the reach of huge numbers of people in poor countries.
Largely because of indirect land use change forced by biofuels, food riots in 2008 broke out in Egypt, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Madagascar, the Philippines and Haiti. In Pakistan and Thailand, army troops were deployed to avoid seizing of food from the fields and from warehouses. In China, exports of rice were frozen because of runs on domestic supplies sparked by soaring prices.
The World Bank study of April, 2008 confirmed that 75% of spiraling global food costs can be attributed to indirect land use change forced by biofuels. This report was so damning and therefore controversial, it was suppressed for several months before being leaked to the press in July, 2008. This controversy and suppression shows how Industrial World governments want to quash accurate information about the devastation being wreaked by biofuels-forced indirect land use change.
The EPA must have unfettered authority to regulate biofuels using best-available science including the effects of indirect land use change.


Most Zimbabweans – about 70 per cent of the population – live in rural areas and are engaged in smallholder agriculture. These smallholder farmers, particularly in the country’s low rainfall areas, are extremely food insecure and have little or no access to new technology.
They suffer from low incomes and a generally low standard of living, poor health and nutrition, poor housing and an inability to send children to school. Soil degradation and outdated farming methods have kept rural families trapped in poverty.
Inadequate and unreliable rainfall and the recurrent threat of drought also restrict the potential of rain-fed agriculture, on which the livelihoods of most smallholder farmers depend. In a word, access to water for irrigation is one of the most critical constraints that small farmers face.
Making matters worse, AIDS is undermining agricultural systems and affecting the nutritional situation and food security of rural families. As adults fall ill and die, families face declining productivity as well as loss of knowledge about indigenous farming methods and loss of assets.
The devastating consequences of the epidemic are plunging already poor rural communities further into destitution as their labour capacity weakens, incomes dwindle and assets become depleted, with the latter affecting mostly women and children who have few property rights.
According to a survey conducted by the Zimbabwe Farmers’ Union, agricultural output in communal areas has declined by nearly 50% among households affected by AIDS in relation to households not affected by AIDS. Maize production by smallholder farmers and commercial farms has declined by 61% because of illness and death from AIDS.
Women and girls are especially vulnerable. They face the greatest burden of work – given their traditional responsibilities for growing much of the food and caring for the sick and dying in addition to maintaining heavy workloads related to provisioning and feeding the household. In many hard-hit communities, girls are being withdrawn from school to help lighten the family load.
The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) describes household food security as “the capacity of households to procure a stable and sustainable basket of adequate food” (IFAD, 1996). It incorporates: (a) food availability; (b) equal access to food; (c) stability of food supplies; and, (e) quality of food. All aspects of this are affected by both the household-level impact of HIV/AIDS and the wider impacts of a generalised HIV/AIDS epidemic.
In households coping with HIV/AIDS, food consumption generally decreases. The household may lack food and the time and the means to grow and prepare some food. For the patient, malnutrition and HIV/AIDS can form a vicious cycle whereby under-nutrition increases the susceptibility to infections and consequently worsens the severity of the disease, which in turn results in a further deterioration of nutritional status.
The onset of AIDS, along with secondary diseases and death, might be delayed in individuals with good nutritional status.
Nutritional care and support may help to prevent the development of nutritional deficiencies, loss of weight and lean body mass, and maintain the patient’s strength, comfort, level of functioning and self-image.
In effect, the nutritional status of HIV/AIDS patients can also help improve the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy, when it does become widely available to poor rural people.
In such a context, labour-saving technologies that will adapt agriculture to new conditions generated by HIV/AIDS can help to compensate for the depletion of labour caused by sickness and death.
Drip-irrigation is a low pressure, low volume irrigation system suitable for vegetables, shrubs, flowers and trees, and can be helpful when water is scarce or expensive.
Already popular in countries such as Israel and India, drip-irrigation has been gaining attention because of its potential to increase yields and decrease water use, fertilizer, and labour requirements, if managed properly.
Drip irrigation (sometimes called trickle irrigation) works by applying water slowly and directly to the soil. It is the slow drop-by-drop, localised application of water at a grid above the soil surface. Water flows from a tank through a filter into lines then drips through emitters into the soil next to the plants. The high efficiency of drip irrigation results from two primary factors. The first is that the water soaks into the soil before it can evaporate or run-off. The second is that the water is only applied where it is needed (at the plant roots), rather than sprayed everywhere as in sprinkle or furrow irrigation systems.
Nutrients can be applied through the drip systems, thus reducing the use of fertilizers. Soil is maintained in a continuously moist condition. With a 100 square meter garden, equipped with low cost drip kit technology, a family of five can grow nutritious vegetables for consumption throughout the year.
This inexpensive kit offers a 50 per cent savings on water, over 80 per cent yields, and better quality vegetables and herbs. Because of its minimal labour requirements, the kit is well suited to serve HIV and AIDS affected households headed by orphans or their grandparents, where labour maybe in short supply.
In Zimbabwe’s rural areas, HNGs are widespread, yet they are largely neglected in spite of their potential to cushion disadvantaged and AIDS-affected families from food insecurity. Ordinarily, a HNG is cultivated close to home, thus eliminating the need for farmers to travel to distant fields.
HNGs can play a significant part in enhancing food security in several ways, most importantly through: 1) direct access to a diversity of nutritionally-rich foods, 2) increased purchasing power from savings on food bills and sales of garden products, 3) availability of food throughout the season and especially during seasonal lean periods, and 4) savings on water, time and labour.
Improving household gardening requires the optimal use of land and irrigation, as well as a dynamic integration of additional crops and crop varieties with specific value and uses. A well developed HNG has the potential, when access to land and water is not a major limitation, to supply most of the non-staple food that a family needs every day of the year, including roots and tuber, vegetables and fruits, legumes, herbs and spices.
Roots and tubers are rich in energy and legumes are important sources of protein, fat, iron and vitamins. Green leafy vegetables and yellow-or orange-colored fruits provide essential vitamins and minerals, particularly folate, and vitamins A, E and C. Vegetables and fruits are a vital component of a healthy diet and should be eaten as part of every meal, and are highly recommended for people living with AIDS
Smallholder farmers generally grow three cycles of crops per year. Typically, this includes at least one cycle of vegetable crops during the winter months, and an early maize or bean crop that can be harvested in December. The exact cropping cycles and systems will depend on regional climate, soils and input availability, in conjunction with the specific skills and nutritional needs of the household.
Farmers are encouraged to grow locally available indigenous crops that are highly nutritive but often neglected. The crops contain good nutrients and often require low labour-input. They represent a flexible source of food supply and can be easily preserved. Besides providing a source of income, they are adapted to cultural dynamics and local food habits.
They produce ample seeds without creating a dependence on external resources. Because the technology is new, smallholder farmers require technical support and training to help them tap into the full potential of the kit.
By strengthening the capacity to produce food at household level using low-cost technologies, negative impacts can be mitigated for AIDS-affected communities. Labour saving technologies and improved seed varieties can help to compensate for the depletion of labour caused by sickness and death, and assist farm-households to survive prolonged crisis, such as that caused by AIDS. Through agriculture and rural development, resilience against HIV can be built.
Drip irrigation technology offers much promise for landholders in the communal areas of Zimbabwe, where water application has traditionally involved the use of surface irrigation and “bucket watering”. Both methods are inefficient and waste a lot of water. Using the bucket involves hard work especially when the water is far away and scarce.
With drip irrigation, communal farmers, especially women, who are the primary carers and pillars of the community, can be able to maintain their gardens with ease, efficiently and at a low cost.
Also, drip technology will give quick returns on a small investment, and growing vegetables will provide both nutrition vegetables and year-round incomes.
As the old Chinese saying goes: “Give a man a fish; you have fed him for a day. Teach a man to fish; and you have fed him for a lifetime.”


The D13 has a deep shape green shell with sharp and long spikes. The fruit's flesh is brown orange in colour. It has a sweet texture with large seeds.
All our orchards are certified by the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health and FAMA of Malaysia. Good agricultural practices in use of chemical fertilizers, Herbicides and Insecticides adhere strictly for safe human consumption.
Quality is our foremost aim and we always strive to deliver an unmatched quality range of products to the clients. In order to meet high quality standards, we check these products on various parameters, right from the possessing to the packaging and till the final dispatch to the clients.
Note: Upon receiving the durians, it is advisable to consume it immediately or store in the fridge/freezer to preserve the taste and freshness.
Expiry Date: Between 9 to 15 months
Last Updated @ 9/6/2020 2:38:23 PM


El Salvador: Los Pirineos #15, Natural Bourbon
In the cup: Flavours of pear, chocolate and apricot, with a hint of strawberries. Complex, very smooth & delicate body, lychee in finish. Clean and light, very fresh natural.
Cupping Score: 88
Farm: Finca Los Pirineos
Microlot: La Cumbre #15
Producer: Gilberto Baraona
Altitude: 1550 metres above sea leve
Los Pirineos is a unique farm, situated on the Tepeca volcano in Usulatan, and Gilberto Baraona is a unique producer. He has been working with different cultivars and honey processes. His strategy has been to experiment with different cultivars, and assess which cultivar will work best on the different parts of the farm where the altitude ranges across the farm.
The climate and growing conditions in this area are great despite the medium altitudes. The cold nights makes the maturation slow and the flavor development really nice. Gilberto is a producer we also have worked with for years, and he’s always interested in playing around with different preparations and processes.
Origin: Los Pirineos
In Usulutan, on top of the Tepeca volcano, you can find Los Pirineos owned by the producer Gilberto Baraona. It’s located on a volcanic mountain range surrounded by the cities of Berlin, Santiago de Maria and Joy. The cultivation of coffee at the farm was started in 1890 and according to family accounts, the original seeds of the property, and the mother plants were imported from Antigua Guatemala. The coffee is separated in to small to medium sized batches based up on different parts of the farm and coffee varietals. Currently the farm cultivates the varietals Bourbon Elite, Pacas and Pacamara, but the farm has also taken part in a Procafe project growing different varitals. As a result they have plots of of native coffee trees, natural mutants and hybrids originated from all over the world. Los Pirineos farm was one of the pioneers in El Salvador to build its own Micro Coffee Mill. The producer still experiments with processing and drying methods. For the coffees purchased this year we did a trial on soaking after the coffees were pulped and demucilaged, and with great success flavor wise.
Usulután, from the Nawat language (meaning "city of the ocelots"), is a department of El Salvador in the southeast of the country (Lenca region).
Production process: Well-trained pickers are given good incentives to select ripe cherries only. The coffee is brought to the Los Pirineos micro mill in the afternoon to be handsorted of unripes and over ripes.
Notes: The farm is in an area with a great cool climate for slow maturation, good rainfall and fertile volcanic soils.


16. Maintain your irrigation system
Up to 50% of outdoor home water use is lost due to wind, evaporation and runoff caused by inefficient irrigation methods. Save up to 146 gallons of water per week by checking on your irrigation system monthly.
You should also adjust your irrigation schedules depending on the time of year, running sprinklers less frequently in the winter months. Another trick is to run your sprinklers in the morning to lose less water to evaporation.
17. Plant native and drought-tolerant plants
Spend less time and energy watering your lawn by making smart plant purchases. A little bit of research can go a long way to find the best native and/or drought-tolerant plants.
Drought-resistant plants, such as aloe and geranium, can survive with less rainfall and watering. Native plants are already accustomed to the climate and natural rainfall. While you’ll still need to maintain them, they should require a lot less work than exotic plant species.
18. Add mulch to your garden or lawn
Mulch is another great way to conserve water in your yard, because it prevents evaporation and weed growth by helping plants hold their moisture.
Compost, wood chips and straw are three popular mulches for moisture retention and can help reduce evaporation from soil by up to 70%.
19. Use a broom to clean driveways and sidewalks
Skip the hose and grab a broom next time you clean your driveways and sidewalks. This small maintenance task can save up to 150 gallons of water every cleaning.
Due to its effectiveness, some cities, such as Los Angeles, have required broom cleaning by law during droughts.
20. Collect rainwater in a barrel
Harvesting rainwater is a natural irrigation method that collects rain in a barrel for you to reuse on your yard or garden. Some states, such as Texas and Rhode Island, even offer a tax incentive. Other states have particular laws about the practice, so make sure to do some reading before you collect.
Another important reminder is that rainwater harvesting can pose a health problem if the water is consumed, so always keep your barrel somewhere safe from small children and pets.


High quality whole Couscous carefully crafted. Couscous is a semolina durum wheat mixed mixed with floor.
It is made by Palestinian Agricultural Relief Commitees (PARC) and comes into 50g packages.
Rice variety, originally from the Punjab region between India and Pakistan. His extraordinary perfume is a result of the unique climate and terrain of this region.
The word comes from two terms basmati the ancient Persian, 'bas' meaning 'perfume' and 'mati', meaning 'land'.
It is presented in packets of 500 gr. and 5 kg
This variety of rice is grown in northern Thailand on a plateau at 600 m above sea level. Rice paddies in traditional techniques are fed only by monsoon rains.
Aromatic rice and tasty, nutrients rich.
It is presented in packets of 500 gr. and 5kg.
Organic farming whole rice, this variety Hom Mali has a natural fragrance reminiscent of jasmine.
The project is managed by the Thai NGO Green-Net, tend to improve the lives of over a thousand families, giving them the guarantee of a minimum price that allows them a decent life. So first they can break the vicious circle of debt and second, they are not forced to migrate out of their lands to find work.
It is presented in 500 gr. and 5 kg packets.


You’ve probably seen reddish-yellow spots on the leaves of plants in your garden more than once, and you probably want to know how to avoid them. Let’s get to know this problem.
These spots are produced by a fungus commonly called Rust, which includes several different species. These fungi produce spores that are dispersed by the wind and adhere to materials in their path, including plants. These fungi mainly affect the leaves of trees and shrubs, although they can also attack herbaceous plants.
The reddish spots that we locate on the underside of the leaves are the spores of the fungus, which accumulate and grow. Their growth is propelled by environmental moisture, therefore an excess of it, can facilitate the settlement of the rust.
To avoid this fungus it is important to ventilate well the places where we have plants (if they are indoors), thus avoiding the accumulation of environmental humidity. It is also important not to over-water our plants and not to crowd the plants together too much, with the same purpose of avoiding excess humidity.
Once the leaves and stems are infected, it is better to pull them out and burn them, so that the fungus does not continue to develop and avoid the possibility of it spreading in our field. Another natural remedy is the application in the form of irrigation of horsetail in infusion, which affects the fungus negatively, and although the affected leaves can not be revitalized, it prevents its spread to the rest of the plant and the field. Of course, specialized fungicides can also be found on the market.
Have you ever come across this problem or a similar one and don’t know how to combat it? Contact us and revitalize your orchard and garden in a natural way.


Potometers tend to be used to measure the rate of transpiration in a plant, and this is done by and we had to discuss the fact potometers fail to include respiration and photosynthesis in the equation create a study plan. It is not always necessary to draw a plan of the entire structure but if a part is the potometer and stalk still underwater push the stalk into the potometer as. This study aims to prove if wind affects the transpiration ofcentaurea cyanus plant by increasing the rate of transpiration using a potometer, the.
Planigraphy, drawing of ground plans planiloquent, speaking potometer, instrument measuring rate at which plants absorb water potshop, small public. In this practical experiment, students look at how at potometer can be used to measure factors affecting transpiration rates, and develop investigations to. Noteschemistry helpchemistry classroomhigh school chemistryteaching chemistryorganic chemistryscience revisionscience lesson plans.
Using a potometer for real is tricky and gives temperamental results provided written for the aqa scheme but will apply to other b jayto (2. In this practical, students use a potometer to measure the rate of transpiration significant quantitative variables where applicable, and plans approaches to. Investigating transpiration in plants using a potometer technical & teaching significant quantitative variables where applicable, and plans approaches to. (c) to suggest a comprehensive scheme of teaching based on appeal unesco conceived the plan and the method of presenta- darwin's potometer.
The scheme of work is designed to be a flexible medium-term plan for - biology/measuring-rate-water-uptake-plant-shoot-using-potometer. A potometer is a device that measures the rate at which a plant draws up water since the plant draws up water as it loses it by transpiration, you are able to. If the potometer is exposed to wind, the rate of transpiration will increase because with more carbon set up the potometer biology planning and designing.
The advanced placement (ap) program is a registered trademark of the college ture, light intensity, air currents using a potometer, this experiment will allow. A potometer is a device used for measuring the rate of water uptake of a leafy plant shoot the main reason for water uptake by a cut shoot is transpiration.
The rates of transpiration were estimated either by weighing or by means of a potometer, and the general plan was to subject the plant to alternate light and dark. Students explore transpiration by using a potometer to measure water loss in bush bean seedlings thank you for your continued use of the stc program. A potometer can be used to measure the volume of water absorbed usually a leafy shoot is used instead of a single leaf a simple potometer comprises. In this laboratory exercise you will use a potometer to measure transpiration in dogwood or but the student plans the procedure and formulates the results.


If you think that the desert is just
camels and dunes, think again. The desert is a place where we can
and we must grow food sustainably. Drylands cover over 40% of the earth and are home to over 2.2 billion people.
Given climate change, those numbers are likely to grow. Here, at Ben Gurion University
Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research scientists are developing solutions to some
of the worlds greatest problems in the fields of water scarcity, food security
and clean energy. We are located in the heart of the Israeli Negev desert.
We have extremely high temperatures during the summer and Israel is unique because our deserts are just decreasing in size and this
is exactly because our activity. We are making the desert bloom
and this is something very unique to Israel and very unique to the Blaustein
Institutes for Desert Research. We check the mechanism in which plants
are surviving in this areas and we are trying to bring the knowledge that we are collecting here
in order to make farmers in different areas grow this kind of crops with the
technique that we are developing here. This was once sea water, now after desalination
it is fresh water to drink. Desalination this days provide more
than 80% of what Israelis drink. Our technology is implemented in countries such as
the US, Australia, Africa and Europe as well. And of course, there is plenty
of sunshine here in the desert! Here at the Ashalim Solar Thermal Power
Station in Israel’s Negev desert more than 50,000 mirrors follow the sun
and reflect sunlight onto a boiler on top of a 250-meter tower. The electricity generated here will be enough
to power over 120,000 homes. The desert is an incredible place.
We can face global challenges together growing more with less, and leaving no one behind. If you care, share!


For the love of veggies...
Last month to grab some local produce at the market for 2014!
Dates for October: 9, 16, and 23rd
Join our mailing list for weekly updates and important market day updates!
Homegrown Alabama is a student-led group at the University of Alabama that seeks to educate students about the value of local produce, as well as to foster partnerships between local farmers and the University of Alabama.
Visit the Homegrown Alabama Farmers Market at the Canterbury Episcopal Chapel lawn every Thursday, April 17- October 23 located at 812 5th Avenue, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 from 3:00–6:00 p.m.
PO Box 11026
Tuscaloosa, AL 35486
Our partners include: Canterbury Episcopal Chapel, Alabama Farmers Market Authority, UA Office of Community Affairs, Students for Sustainability (eCo), New College, the Center for Community-Based Partnerships and the SGA Department of Environmental Concerns.


I just finished ordering my spring bulbs for planting this October, and thought it would make for a helpful reminder to let you guys know it’s time to order your bulbs. If you’re not sure what to think about bulbs + planting + Gardening, here’s a few tips!
Tip 1: Know your zone. Even before you select a single bulb, it’s important to know what your zone is. Since so much of planting is dependent on location + time of year, be sure you research your zone. When you have a colder, harsher winter, you have to plant bulbs deeper in the ground to protect them from frost. Also, your first frost is earlier– so that means an earlier planting season. You want to plant when the ground is cool but not freezing. Being in Nashville, my plans are to plant on the weekend of October 15. I take it so seriously that I actually intentionally didn’t schedule a wedding or event, because it’s our first year in our new house, and thus spring planting is important to me.
2. Sketch out your garden: This is the second most important part! Take a few minutes to go out and measure + sketch your planting area. If you have not paid much attention to the amount of sun that your garden area gets, then now is the time to pay attention. On a regular sunny day, take a picture of your garden spot around 9 in the morning, 12 noon, 3 in the afternoon, and 5 in the evening. That will give you a “sun” forecast. If you have a canopy of trees in your yard, note if they will have leaves in winter or not (Conifers, evergreen, and the like will have leaves year round, thus keeping your spots shady, but a big Oak Tree will be barren– meaning your garden may get direct sun).
After you sketch, measure. Make sure you see how far across your planting area is, and how deep the area is.
3. Ordering Bulbs: a few things to keep in mind. First of all, ORDER BULBS THAT WILL WORK IN YOUR GARDEN BASED ON LIGHT:
Using your sun forecast, see what kind of light your garden spot gets. FULL SUN Means that you get at least 5-6 hours of direct sunlight. PART SUN means anywhere from 3-6 hours of sun, or indirect sunlight (the term “part shade” means the same thing) FULL SHADE: means less than 3 hours of sunlight per day, and preferrably is an indirect sunlight. A good tip: indirect sun is sunlight that can filter in through leaves. Be sure that you don’t get confused by leaf-light now, because judging your partial shade as with a canopy of leaves could possibly kill your bulbs from too much sun.
Secondly, ORDER A VARIETY of Bulbs: many of the big bulb companies sell “variety packs” and these are great for the beginning gardener. If you fall in love with ten dollar a pop bulbs you may be sad if a starving squirrel chomps down on your bulb, and you lose the flower. Try to have at least three of each type and color of flower. Mixed packs can be great because you can get an array of color with very little planning on your part:
STEP THREE: order from a reputable source. You have many options here. You could go to a local nursery, large garden center, or check out online shops. Online retailers can sometimes offer a wider variety with lots of pictures and suggestions, like Dutch Bulb.com, Brecks, and Sheeper’s Bulbs Look for companies that offer guarantees on the quality of their products in case of damage, molding, or corruption in shipping.
We’ll be talking about how to prepare your garden and plant your lovely bulbs in the next installment!


The Perry Farmers’ Market has in-season Produce from many local farmers and vendors. You can also find fresh local Honey, homemade canned goods, baked goods, and more. The market is open every Saturday morning from 8 am – noon during the months of May through November.
Articles & Resources
- Perry Farmers’ Market on LocalHarvest
- Great market. This market is very small but had a good selection of baked goods, honey, peas, tomatoes, corn, blueberries and blackberries. – Amber Jordan – localharvest.com
- The produce is fresh and delicious and the people are very nice. – Dave L. – care2review
- We love this market! My family and I love going every Saturday morning to find breakfast and lunch for the day. – Sarah D. – care2review
- Great Service, very friendly. Freshest produce and other items of interest. – Elizabeth A. – care2review
- I loved the music. It was small, but the people were wonderful. I got snap beans, eggplants,tomatos, bell peppers and many other things. – Debbie – localharvest.com


Nasib Shah Shinwari
KHYBER AGENCY: 4,226 meters long canal under governor special development program (GSDP)with the total cost of Rs. 27 million in Bara subdivision was inaugurated on Monday.
An opening ceremony of this canal was held at Meri Khel area of Aka Khel where the political agent of Khyber Agency, Khalid Mehmood formally opened the irrigation project. A large number of political administration officials, GSDP officials, local elders and local journalists were also present on the occasion.
Talking this scribe PA Khalid Mehmood said the irrigation project was aimed to facilitate the local farmers and villagers to grow more crops in the area.
The political agent said this canal would provide water to some 3500 acres land which would benefit the hundreds of families in Aka Khel to grow crops and vegitables in their fields.
According to the representatives of the GSDP, some 60 large and 15 small bridges have been constructed over the canal so that the locals could pass.
Meanwhile the local elders and tribesmen of the area applauded the staff of GSDP for launching and completing the irrigation project.


Challenges in accessing markets will soon be a thing of the past for fruit and vegetables producers in the Greater Taung Local Municipality, as the North West Department of Agriculture and Rural Development has officially begun the process of constructing the Taung Agro-Hub which will enable farmers to gain better access to markets in a more sustainable way.
A sod-turning ceremony for this first of its kind facility in the North West Province was held yesterday, Monday, 19th May 2014 at the construction site which is situated at Taung Agricultural College. The cost for the construction of the Agro-Hub will be approximately R10 million.
The MEC for Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ms Desbo Mohono who turned the first sod to mark the commencement of the construction works, said the support provided to smallholder farmers affords them greater opportunity to showcase their potential in contributing towards growing the thriving agricultural sector and making our country food secured.
“This Hub will create market opportunities for locally-grown agricultural products especially fruit and vegetables, foster the province’s economic growth and increase job creation while ensuring that fresh and healthy produce are available for the communities”, said MEC Mohono.
Mr Zamane Sokhupha of Dirisanang Food Plot in Dryharts village who is also the chairperson of the Taung Agro-Hub, said as farmers, they applaud the work being done by the department which they regard as beneficial to the farmers and consumers alike.
“Farmers are always looking for good opportunities to sell their products, and this development is not only good, but great for agriculture in the Taung area”, he said.
It is expected that the Taung Agro-Hub project will offer smallholder farmers in this area the advantage to share fresh produce market infrastructure and transport, resulting in positive economies of scale. The facility will allow the farmers to centrally bring in their produce to the Hub and subject them to cleaning, sorting, grading, packaging and labelling processes, for compliance with food safety standard.
The construction work which is scheduled to be completed by the end of the current financial year, will incorporate handling and processing facilities such as cooling services, processing equipment and loading facilities.
As MEC Mohono puts it, the establishment of the Hub heralds the department’s contribution towards the bigger concept on the stimulation of economic activities around the Taung area.


By Lauren Dantella, Point Park News Service:
With the arrival of spring, some of the area’s smallest inhabitants could be facing big losses that consumers may notice on their farmer’s market shelves.
Some local beekeepers said they are expecting higher-than-average honeybee population losses following the severe cold this winter. These losses can affect the price of local honey and possibly the output of local produce.
“When you lose lots of bees from the weather, diseases, pests, et cetera, you certainly have an impact on consumers and that’s shown in the honey that’s produced,” said Stephen Repasky, president of Burgh Bees. “Less colonies means less honey. so that’s less honey that’s available to your local consumers.”
Honeybee conservation has been gaining attention from the scientific community since the gradual, but sharp, decrease in population in 2006. Nationally, there is a 33 percent drop every winter due to colony collapse disorder, pesticides and other diseases, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
The winter of 2011-12 was exceptionally warm and resulted in a lower decline.
“Recovering any bee population, whether it’s managed bees or wild bees, certainly having a cold spell like we did or a bad winter throws back our recovery period by a year or two,” Repasky said.
Repasky’s organization is a Pittsburgh nonprofit promoting bee keeping and bee conservation with its partner Penn State University. The organization has constructed apiaries, or beekeeping communities, throughout the city, including the Homewood Community Apiary. He said some of the problems the Homewood Community Apiary faced this winter were caused by the weather.
“These last couple cold spells that we’ve had where it went down to the negative teens at night or the single digits during the day, sometimes the smaller and weaker didn’t make it, and we actually have a colony here that had too small a cluster during the wintertime, and they perished,” Repasky said.
He said some of the two dozen hives are wrapped in insulation to provide warmth and a windbreaker. The gated area is designed to allow as much sunlight to hit the hives as possible. The beekeepers also provide food, such as honey and fondant when needed. Despite these precautions, Repasky said he expects a 10-15 percent loss of bees.
What separates the hives that live and perish is usually the size, he said. The colonies cluster into a tight ball about the size of a cantaloupe to maintain a 90-98 degree temperature inside. Colonies too small to maintain this vital heat are more vulnerable.
Randy Holmes is a second-year beekeeper who also had concerns about the two hives he keeps on his alpaca farm in Butler.
“Luckily, last week I went down, and I could hear buzzing in both hives, so we’re very fortunate,” Holmes said. “I’ve heard stories from other beekeepers in the area that haven’t been so fortunate, that they have lost their hives, either part of their hives or the whole hives.”
While Holmes only had a small amount of honey to sell last year, he plans on expanding the enterprise to keep up with demand. Holmes, like Repasky, believes this year’s exceptional cold will affect availability and prices of local honey.
“Certainly that’s not going to mean dollars,” Repasky said. “We sell honey for roughly $8 a pound, so you might see a quarter or a 50 cent increase and that’s still enough, that’s a lot.”


Sicilian white penne, produced with 100-years expertise and passion of the Barbagallo family. This past is produced from Sicilian high quality durum wheat and is processed within 24 hours from wheat kernel into pasta. Drying takes place on the traditional way on low temperature between 50 and 65 degrees in order to preserve aroma and nutrients.
Country of Origin 原産国: Italy イタリア
Ingredients 原材料: Organic Durum Wheat 有機デュラム小麦のセモリナ