For all those who grew up in the South, collard greens were most likely a staple veg that appeared on meal tables at household and in very little side dishes at diners. Usually, they came in the sort of sloppy environmentally friendly mush, cooked down into anything that rarely essential chewing, generally with a chunk of meat or animal excess fat swimming about in the watery concoction.
But, times have improved, not only in phrases of who appreciates collard greens but also in how they are becoming utilized. Absent are the days of this leafy eco-friendly remaining relegated to Southern delicacies, and absent are the times of it staying cooked down to mush. Collards are remaining utilized as wraps, in stir-fries, and for energetic Caribbean stews. There is a new versatility with collard recipes, and that’s bought individuals fired up.
For gardeners, there is even more to be enthusiastic about! Collards are very agreeable plants to grow, and they function in that scorching southern climates as properly as chilly northern states. Like most greens, collard greens are cold-weather conditions crops. What will make them distinct is that they are warmth-tolerant, much too. But, let us not get in advance of ourselves.
The Fantastic Things in Collard Greens
It should really probably go without having stating that collard greens are a boon to a balanced food plan. Dark, leafy greens are the mainstay in stuff-that’s-good-for-you lists, and collards are just that. They are in the similar relatives as other effectively-proven wellness food powerhouses like broccoli and kale.
Collards are abundant in various vitamins, together with vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin K (excellent for nutritious bones). It is also prosperous in calcium, magnesium, and iron, essential and in some cases sought-right after minerals in a plant-primarily based diet plan. They also have a large amount of fiber and a noteworthy amount of money of protein.
All of this goodness has been demonstrated to support with digestion, diabetic issues, most cancers avoidance, sleeping, pores and skin health, and hair growth, to identify but a couple. And, collards supply these positive aspects finest when cooked frivolously as opposed to boiled down to nothing at all.
Developing Your Personal Collard Greens
As opposed to most chilly-loving cruciferous veggies, this sort of as cabbage and Brussels sprouts, collard greens will stand up to some heat, which probably would make them a tiny simpler to develop, specially for people in hotter climates (therefore, the south loving collards). That said, like these other interesting temperature crops, collards really enhance just after a frost. As a result, most growers like to plant them in late summer months or early autumn.
Collard greens like to have whole sunlight. Like most greens, they like rich soil and a good deal of humidity.
They get big, so after seedlings pop up, they must be thinned to about 18 inches apart, and if you are all in and planting hundreds, the rows must be spaced two to a few ft aside. It is not a lousy concept to give them compost tea every few of weeks.
Companion vegetation to improve with collards include any amount of refreshing herbs (dill, thyme, sage), things from the onion family (garlic, leeks, onions), and other brassicas (bok choy, kale, broccoli). But, they really do not agree with strawberries or pole beans.
Harvesting All those Collard Greens
Collard greens are praised for their large, darkish leaves, which really do not type a head like cabbage but loose leaves like kale. Even though we typically see collard greens that are a foot very long and bundled by the remnants of a stem, they never always have to be harvested this way. It is properly fantastic, and achieving that position requires about two and a fifty percent months.
Nonetheless, collards can be addressed as a lower-as-you-need plant, the exact same way kale and free-leaf lettuces operate. In this case, the youthful leaves can be taken as child collards or the significant outer leaves can be harvested as desired, and the plant will continue to create for months. In quite a few US climates, collards will survive the wintertime and deliver fresh meals during.
Employing Your Collards
As we recognized from the outset, collard greens are significantly additional versatile than the boiled variation found in soul food diners. They are difficult sufficient to be promptly steamed and made use of as wraps in lieu of tortillas. The younger leaves primarily are tender sufficient for a speedy sauté in stir-fries. They maintain up to cooking in stews. They can be incorporated in handmade sauerkrauts or even refreshing slaws. Fundamentally, something cabbage or kale can do, collards may well just do it better!
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TRANSGENIC CROPS IN ECUADOR
Ecuador is a megadiverse country. Its biological wealth is not limited solely to the diversity of wild species and ecosystems as at least two centers of origins of crops are located here: the Andean center and the Amazon center. This means that in what is now considered our country, peoples planted, domesticated, preserved and reproduced various types of crops and productive systems, many of which are still in existence today.
Elizabeth Bravo studied biology in the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador and holds a doctorate in microorganism ecology by Aberystwyth University. She is a lecturer and researcher of the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, a member of Accion Ecologica (Ecologic Action) and coordinator for the Red por una America Latina Libre de Transgenicos (Network for a Latin America free of transgenic products), as well as a member of the Union de Cientificos Comprometidos con la Sociedad y Naturaleza de America Latina (Union of scientists committed to the Latinamerican society and Nature).
According to Piperno (2011), the first discovery of a plant grown in America over ten thousand years ago —a type of squash (Cucurbita ecuadorensis)— was made in Las Vegas, Santa Elena province.
Just in terms of corn, which may have been grown in the country for six thousand years according to discoveries made in Las Vegas and Real Alto, Santa Elena province, 29 varieties of corn have been identified.
Corn is at issue here given that there are only four transgenic crops that are massively grown and sold worldwide, i.e. corn, soy, cotton and canola, and because of its importance in this country where it is grown in practically every province.
Corn is grown for self-consumption in the provinces of the North Highlands (Carchi, Imbabura and Pichincha), where the yellow, floury varieties are consumed. In the Central Highland provinces (Chimborazo and particularly Bolivar) white floury maize varieties are grown. And in the Austro (Cañar and Azuay), white corn, known as Zhima, is grown.
A hard yellow corn variety is also produced for agribusiness. Farmers engaging in this activity generally use hybrid seeds, high performance varieties, sold by transnational corporations (such as Monsanto or DuPont) or developed by the INIAP. The provinces with the greatest production of this variety are Manabí, Los Rios, Guayas and Loja.
A problem with transgenic crops, particularly corn, is that genetic pollution may occur, as corn is an open-pollinated plant species. Cases of this type pollution have been reported in Mexico, Peru, Chile, Brazil and Uruguay.
It is thus understandable that since the global advent of transgenic seeds for commercial purposes, a movement of resistance to the entry into the country of these types of seeds was born, which ultimately resulted in the inclusion, in the Ecuadorian Constitution, of an explicit ban on the entry of transgenic seeds and crops (Article 402), although this article does enable the president to allow transgenic products for reasons of national interest, prior approval of the National Assembly.
However, in another section of the Constitution related to environmental rights, entry into the country of transgenic products that infringe upon the health, food sovereignty and ecosystems is forbidden (Article 15), and, in the context of the rights of nature, “the introduction of organisms, and organic and inorganic material that may definitely alter the national genetic heritage” (Article 73) is also forbidden.
Thus, Ecuador became the first country to be declared constitutionally FREE OF TRANSGENIC PRODUCTS.
But what has actually happened in the country since the new Constitution was adopted?
Studies conducted by academic and civil society organizations have shown that transgenic corn has not been found in Ecuador. A first monitoring exercise (Bravo and Leon, 2013) of the 10 biggest corn-producing provinces in Ecuador was conducted with a simple detection kit used by importing and exporting firms unwilling to market transgenic grain in light of pushback by consumers. These findings were confirmed in 2015, through a monitoring exercise carried out in the provinces where hard corn for poultry farming and pork production is grown.
Nonetheless, soy has tested positive, both as grain sold in stores for agricultural products and supermarkets, as well as in the field. A monitoring exercise conducted in the soy-producing areas of Los Rios and Guayas provinces yielded that a variety of soy resistant to glyphosate is being grown and sold (Intriago and Bravo, 2017). In light of this discovery, social organizations filed a lawsuit, which was dismissed.
The new labelling regulations have highlighted that we Ecuadorians are consuming transgenic products. While the Constitution does not forbid transgenic foods, the Law on Food Sovereignty does, forbidding the importing of transgenic supplies that are damaging to health, and there is an ever-increasing number of studies demonstrating the risks of eating these foods.
Lastly, as regards research, the Politécnica del Litoral has been experimenting with transgenic bananas for years. Researchers are working on the development of a banana resistant to the agent causing the black sigatoka disease, whose control requires a large quantity of agro-toxins. A similar banana variety is used in Uganda with no positive results.
Researchers and non-government organizations, and society as a whole have a task ahead: to ensure that Ecuador, as a nation, is free of transgenic products, and to develop sustainable alternatives, such as agro-ecology. This will allow us to safeguard our rich biodiversity and the health of the Ecuadorians.
Bravo E. León X. 2013. Monitoreo participativo del maíz ecuatoriano para detectar la presencia de proteínas transgénicas. La Granja. Vol. 17(1): 16-24.Constitución del Ecuador. 2008.
Intriago R. Bravo E. 2017. Primera detección de Soya Transgénica (Glycinemax) Cultivada en la Costa Ecuatoriana usando Métodos de Monitoreo Participativo. Revista CienciAmérica Vol. 6.
Piperno, D. 2011. The Origins of Plant Cultivation and Domestication in the New World Tropics. Current Anthropology. Volume 52, Number S4.


There are many good producers and craftsmen in Mulgimaa.
Tõrva Mulgi Market (Mulgi turg) +372 5567 5019 offers local products and crafts.
Pajumäe Organic Farm +372 5664 1298, firstname.lastname@example.org specialises in organic dairy products. www.pajumae.ee
Mulgi Brewerey (Mulgi pruulikoda) +372 5029 516, email@example.com offers natural and tasty craft beer. http://mulgipruul.ee/
Polli Competence Centre for Knowledge-Based Health Goods and Natural Products +372 4331458, firstname.lastname@example.org, a unique competence centre in Estonia specializing in knowledge based health goods and natural products made of ingredients of plant origin. http://www.plantvalor.ee/index.php/esileht/
Chaga Health email@example.com,+372 5278 837, health goods. http://chagahealth.eu/
Mulgi Crisps (Mulgi Krõpsud) +372 518 3721, firstname.lastname@example.org, producer of vegetable crisps using local produce. http://mulgikropsud.ee/
Säga- Aaviku Farm’s organic food email@example.com, +372 5624 4850, organically produced carrot crisps, dried pumpkin snacks, dried apple snacks, juice beverages, different seabuckthorn products. http://www.aavikutalu.ee/
Seedri Tree Nursery +372 5345 4102 firstname.lastname@example.org, products made of berries and fruits http://www.seedripuukool.ee/
Tarvastu Saariku Organic Farm, +372 5663 1983, email@example.com in addition to organic cattle farming, they also produce vegetables, apples and apple juice, honey, cereals and buckwheat.
Õnne Farm +372 5660 4287, winegrowing, grape wines, fruit wines http://www.mornamaa.ee/
Berry Factory (Marjavabrik) +372 5558 3387, raspberries, birch sap, other garden berries
Mulgi manor honey (Mulgi-mõisa mesi) firstname.lastname@example.org, +372 5667 6234, honey, pollen, pollen ball, propolis, beeswax comb honey
Müüri Eco-Farm email@example.com, +372 5332 2513, Products: onions, beetroot, garlic, beans.
Mulgi Madli +372 5345 5145, strawberries, raspberries, strawberry and raspberry jam and juice. Seasonal cafe open in summer time.
Morna Farm, firstname.lastname@example.org, Andres Mets +372 506 9861, beside apples and strawberries they grow cucumbers, onions, sweet peppers and garlic. They also make fresh apple juice and dried apples of their own produce.
Taagepera honey +372 5666 2519, email@example.com
Helme maasikakasvatus OÜ (strawberry farm) , +372 5669 1568, firstname.lastname@example.org, fruit and berry production, juices, jams,
Viinamäe Farm +372 5350 9466, email@example.com, winegrowing, grape wines, black current wine, cider.
Helen’s Cake Room (Heleni tordituba) +372 5618 6709, firstname.lastname@example.org, we make tailor made birthday cakes, pies, barley bread and other bakery products
Kitsevälja Farm’s Bakery, +372 5805 5985, email@example.com, bakery and pastry made of organically grown ingredients.
Soosaare Farm, +372 514 8060, apples, juices, preserves
Palu Farm, firstname.lastname@example.org , organic gardening - apples (incl. apple juice), vegetables (garlic, beans, peas, herb), herb teas (mallow tea).
Mulgimaa Marid +372 5255994, strawberries, autumn raspberries, black currants, raspberry and black currant saplings.
Madi Jaani Farm, +372 5268 880, meat products, eggs
Lillimäe Viljad, email@example.com, fruit, berry and nut farming, fruit and seeds snacks
Polli-Järve Farm, Antu Rohtla +372 4331 801, honey
Lembit Kaljura Piiri Farm +372 433 1729, firstname.lastname@example.org, cucurbits, root crops, vegetables, potatoes, mushrooms.
Sepakõrtsi Farm, +372 5647 2887, email@example.com, agricultural products, strawberries.
Oja-Raaga Farm, +372 5306 0605, firstname.lastname@example.org, open field vegetables.
Kontsu Farm, Estonian organic potatoes, kale, red cabbage, parsnips, chives, garlic tops, rhubarb.
Food Trade, +372 5301 0206, email@example.com, chopped and packages vegetables. In addition to vegetables, the selection also has fruits, berries and mushrooms.
Hummuli Agro,+372 760 0131, firstname.lastname@example.org, agricultural company specializing in dairy and crop production: cereals, legumes, oil seed plants.
Estplant AS, +372 76 79 966 email@example.com, sells Christmas trees


October 29, 2014, Rahuri/Ahmednagar/New Delhi: The opposition to open air field trials of Genetically Modified (GM) crops in Maharashtra, the only state in the country where such controversial experiments are being undertaken, reached a new height with representatives of numerous people’s movements from across Maharashtra assembling at the Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), Rahuri, demanding a dialogue on why it continues to do the controversial open field trials of Genetically Modified corn in its campus here. The people’s movements representing farmers, farm labourers, consumers, environmentalists, scientists and other social activists reached Rahuri after repeated communications with the university over the concerns with GM crops had failed to get any response. The University has now set a time for the third week of November to share their response to all the queries and evidence extended by the civil society groups, and hold a dialogue with the groups. Meanwhile, the former Agriculture Minister, Maharashtra Government Mr Radhakrishna Vikhe Patil said that GM crops are a disguise to exploit farmers and felt that state agriculture universities should focus on developing traditional varieties.
“It is the silence of the University to respond to the great amount of scientific evidence that we have provided on the adverse impacts of GM crops in general and the GM corn of Monsanto that is being field trialed which brought us here” said Tanmay Joshi of Shetkari Sanghatana and a member of Coalition for a GM Free Maharashtra. He further stated that “We are here to engage MPKV in a dialogue to get them to explain to us the reason why they refuse to acknowledge the mounting scientific evidence as well as public opposition to these experiments”. The Coalition had earlier in a letter to the Vice Chancellor as well as the District collector who is supposed to be the chairperson of the District Level Committee, a statutory monitoring body that has been non-functional, urged that the trials should be halted immediately.
A delegation from the gathering once again submitted to the university authorities various scientific evidences establishing that GM crops are unneeded, unwanted and unsafe.
Speaking on the occasion, Subhash Lomte Convenor, National Rural Workers Committee, reminded the university that public sector institutions have been set up in the country to benefit the citizens of this country. “It is unfortunate that our SAUs are taking the side of Multi-National Corporations like Monsanto whose bottomline is only profit, to the point where they have not hesitated to sue and jail farmers elsewhere in the world, and in the process harming the interest of citizens”, he said.
Dr Suhas Kolhekar, a molecular biologist by training and the convenor of NAPM Maharashtra, pointed to the fact that it is not just people’s movements who have been saying No to GM crops. She stated that “the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Agriculture as well as the Supreme Court-appointed Technical Expert Committee had already recommended against open field trials owing to the inherent risks that GM technology poses as well as the inadequacy of the regulatory system in our country. The University conducting these field trials against all such directions by credible agencies is uncalled for and unacceptable”.
The GMO being tested in Rahuri is Monsanto’s herbicide tolerant, insect-resistant maize, which has multiple genes inserted in it to produce a pesticide inside the plant and tolerate sprays of a patented herbicide of Monsanto (glyphosate/Roundup). Such crops/foods have been shown to be seriously detrimental to our health and environment. Media reports about the trial have already indicated that the trial violates laws and guidelines laid down. Senior scientists from within the establishment have also conceded that the situation of monitoring is unsatisfactory.
Rajesh Krishnan, Convenor, Coalition for a GM Free India stated, “Field trials of GM crops constitute a deliberate environmental release of unknown, untested and presumably unsafe organisms that are new in Nature. GMOs released into the environment in the garb of field trials pose various risks including contamination of wild gene pool,contamination of other crops,undetected entry into the food chain and jeopardizing trade security. In India, time and again, it has also been established that field trials have happened and are happening in violation of the meagre biosafety norms laid down. Hence any field trials being permitted is unscientific and a threat not just to the people of the state but the nation itself.”
Owing to increasing public opposition as well as recommendations from important agences like the Parliamentary Standing Committee, Gujarat government has in the recent past joined many other states like Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha, Telangana, Karnataka; they formally announced their decision to disallow field trials of GM food crops in the state.
“Now Maharashtra becomes the only state where field trials of GM crops are currently taking place, in the country. Maharashtra has been made into a laboratory of risky GM crops and all of us laboratory animals” said Kumar Shiralkar, CPI(M) leader further stated, “The state committee set up to look at the GM field trials is a sham as it neither has biosafety experts like ecologists, health experts, toxicologists, socioeconomists etc in it who can assess the consequences of release of an untested GM crop into the open field nor does it have the intent to scrutinise the need for such risky crops.”
Speaking on behalf of consumers, Ashwin Paranjpe of Gorus, supporting farmers collectives with direct marketing to consumers, said that “this issue is not just a matter of concern for farmers, but also for consumers, given the existing evidence on the adverse health impacts of GMOs, as well as herbicides like Glyphosate. Consumers also have the right to safe food, and informed choices when it comes to food. GMOs in our food and farming systems affect the choices of both farmers and consumers and we are here to assert our rights”.
“While on the one hand the government is talking about promoting organic farming, on the other hand, the prospects of organic farming are being jeopardised by this baseless promotion of GMOs. When the livelihoods and organic status of an organic farmer – who is painstakingly ensuring that our environmental resources are used sustainably and non-toxic food is available to consumers – are affected by GM contamination, who is liable for the same? Will it be the government and the regulators or the corporations? Right now, there is no such liability regime in place and this is objectionable”, said Shamika Mone of Organic Farming Association of India (OFAI).
Urging the University to stick to its promise made in 2009 to civil society groups including farmers unions that it will henceforth not take up transgenic trials, Kavitha Kuruganti of Alliance for Sustainable and Holistic Agriculture (ASHA) said, that “We are here to wake up the authorities from their deep slumber; they seem to be living in ignorance of emerging scientitific evidence from around the world. In the process they are ignoring our sustainable development commitments and jeopardising livelihoods and health of citizens. They are in fact shunning any informed debates on the subject which in itself is very unscientific; further, there is no transparency or accountability apparent in their conduct. We want to let the authorities know that this Jan Andolan will only gather more strength; it is very clear that informed debates all over the world have only created major rejection of this technology and citizens in the state are educating themselves on the issue. In a democratic setup, it falls upon the establishment to heed to people’s voices”.
The people’s movements gathered at the University took a pledge to step up the Jan Andolan against GM field trials in Maharashtra. A delegation also went to meet the District Collector who is authorised as per EPA (Environment Protection Act) to stop any open air trials of GMOs, to demand an immediate halt to the trials.
For more information, contact:
1. Tanmay Joshi: 8087502186
2. Rajesh Krishnan: 9845650032
3. Tejashri Kamble: 8421542076
4. Dr Suhas Kolhekar: 9422986771
5. Subhash Lomte: 9422202203


Sustaining the Future: Compass Green
As the Earth’s climate changes, droughts and depleted soil threaten agriculture worldwide. However, there’s good news because new, sustainable farming methods can keep the planet green and growing. Justin Cutter and Nick Runkle, two twenty-something New Yorkers, are men on a mission to spread the word and teach the techniques of sustainable agriculture across the USA and beyond.
Justin and Nick have created the Compass Green project to showcase biointensive methods of sustainable farming. They want to educate school children and communities about the need for Earth-friendly practices. According to Nick, the Earth needs our help NOW. “Conventional farming is destroying our farmland,” he said.
Justin described two of the simple changes to traditional farming practices that will help restore the land and provide better crop support. He learned the techniques while working with John Jeavons, founder of Grow Biointensive:
(1) “Deep-soil preparation – loosening the soil two feet instead of the usual six inches – will lead to larger, healthier plants with better yields. Double digging (as it’s called) aerates the soil and allows the roots to reach deeper for water.”
(2) “Today, most crops are planted in rows but plants are healthier and stronger when they are planted close together in garden beds about three to six feet wide. Close plant spacing provides better moisture retention and soil protection. It creates a ‘living mulch.’”
Compass Green has already hit the road in New York, Vermont, and North Carolina. Its demonstration vehicle – literally – is a truck, retrofitted with a Plexiglass roof and sides, which has been converted to a greenhouse. A model of sustainability, the truck runs on waste vegetable oil and the plants are irrigated from rainwater barrels. Soon solar panels will be installed to provide electricity for the greenhouse’s lights and heat.
Nick and Justin used an online funding site, Kickstarter, to raise more than $27 thousand to get their show and tell on the highways and byways of America. They are taking the mobile greenhouse to schools and communities across the country, focusing on the Midwest this fall and the West Coast in the spring of 2012. At each stop, the men link communities to local farmers, give tours of the greenhouse, and offer demonstrations of sustainable farming techniques with hands-on workshops for students and parents.
Follow the link www.compassgreenproject.org if you’d like Compass Green to help your community chart a course toward sustainable farming.
Nick and Justin, thank you for helping to educate kids about taking care of this beautiful planet!


Are you a plant enthusiast looking for How to Propagate Alocasia Polly? You’ve come to the right place! Alocasia Polly, also known as African Mask or Elephant’s Ear, is a stunning tropical plant that adds a touch of exotic beauty to any indoor space. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll dive deep into the art of propagating Alocasia Polly and explore one crucial question: does Alocasia like to be root bound? Let’s find out!
Here are the main takeaways and key points from this blog post on how to propagate Alocasia Polly:
- Alocasia Polly, also known as African Mask or Elephant’s Ear, is a tropical plant with striking arrowhead-shaped leaves and green and white veins.
- The two main methods of propagating Alocasia Polly are division and rhizome cuttings.
- Division involves separating the plant into smaller clumps, each with its own root system.
- Rhizome cuttings involve using the underground stems of the plant to grow new plants.
- While Alocasia Polly can tolerate being root bound to some extent, repotting is beneficial to provide the plant with more room to grow.
- Signs that your Alocasia Polly is becoming root bound include stunted growth, yellowing leaves, or roots peeking out of the drainage holes.
- The best time to propagate Alocasia Polly is during the active growing season, which is typically spring or early summer.
- Tips for successful propagation include using well-draining soil mix, providing warm and humid conditions, maintaining appropriate watering, and providing indirect light.
- Propagation should be approached with care and patience, and responsible practices should be followed.
Understanding Alocasia Polly
Before we jump into propagation techniques, let’s get to know our star of the show, Alocasia Polly. With its striking arrowhead-shaped leaves and contrasting green and white veins, this plant is a visual delight. Native to the rainforests of Southeast Asia, Alocasia Polly thrives in warm and humid conditions. Keeping this in mind, let’s explore the best ways to propagate this beauty!
How to Propagate Alocasia Polly?
One of the most effective ways to propagate Alocasia Polly is through division. This method involves separating the plant into smaller sections, each with its own root system. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to propagate Alocasia Polly through division:
- Carefully remove the plant from its pot, ensuring not to damage the roots.
- Gently separate the plant into smaller clumps, ensuring each clump has at least a few healthy leaves and a well-developed root system.
- Prepare pots with well-draining soil mix and create a hole for each clump.
- Place each clump into a separate pot, making sure the roots are well-covered with soil.
- Water the newly potted clumps thoroughly and place them in a warm and humid location.
- Maintain appropriate moisture levels, ensuring not to overwater the newly potted clumps.
Another popular method to propagate Alocasia Polly is through rhizome cuttings. Rhizomes are underground stems that store nutrients and can be used to grow new plants. Here’s how you can propagate Alocasia Polly using rhizome cuttings:
- Carefully remove the plant from its pot and gently brush away the soil to expose the rhizomes.
- Locate a healthy rhizome with multiple growth points or “eyes”.
- Using a clean and sharp knife, make a clean cut through the rhizome, ensuring each cutting has at least one eye.
- Prepare pots with well-draining soil mix and create a small hole for each cutting.
- Place each cutting into a separate pot, ensuring the eye is facing upwards, and cover it with soil.
- Water the pots lightly, enough to moisten the soil, and place them in a warm and humid location.
- Mist the cuttings regularly to maintain humidity and prevent them from drying out.
Does Alocasia Like to Be Root Bound?
Now, let’s address the burning question: does Alocasia like to be root bound? The answer is both yes and no. While Alocasia Polly can tolerate being root bound to a certain extent, it’s generally beneficial to provide it with enough room to grow. Alocasias have a tendency to develop a dense root system, and if the plant becomes extremely root bound, it may hinder its overall growth and health.
If you notice that your Alocasia Polly’s pot is filled with densely packed roots, it might be time to consider repotting. Look for signs such as stunted growth, yellowing leaves, or roots peeking out of drainage holes. Repotting will not only provide the plant with fresh nutrients but also give its roots more space to expand.
The Best Time to Propagate Alocasia Polly
Alocasia Polly is a resilient plant that can be propagated throughout the year. However, it’s generally recommended to propagate during the active growing season, which is usually spring or early summer. During this time, the plant is in its prime growth phase and can quickly adapt to new environments.
Tips for Successful Propagation
To ensure successful propagation of Alocasia Polly, here are some additional tips to keep in mind:
- Use well-draining soil mix: Alocasia Polly prefers a soil mix that retains moisture while allowing excess water to drain freely. A mixture of peat moss, perlite, and organic matter works best.
- Provide warm and humid conditions: Alocasia Polly thrives in warm and humid environments. Placing the newly potted clumps or cuttings in a location with consistent temperature and high humidity levels will promote healthy growth.
- Maintain appropriate watering: While it’s essential to keep the soil moist, it’s equally important to avoid overwatering. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. Allow the top inch of soil to dry out slightly between watering sessions.
- Provide indirect light: Alocasia Polly prefers bright, indirect light. Too much direct sunlight can scorch its leaves, while too little light can lead to stunted growth. Find a balance by placing the plant in a well-lit area, away from direct sunlight.
Propagating Alocasia Polly can be a rewarding experience, allowing you to expand your plant collection and share the beauty of this tropical gem with others. Remember to approach propagation with care and patience, following the division or rhizome cutting method. And while Alocasia Polly can tolerate being root bound, providing it with enough room to grow will contribute to its overall health and vigor. Happy propagating!


Several of you have very kindly said you’d like to see how the garden has fared in its first summer. It has been an absolute delight to me. Here are some photos, and I hope not too many words:
I would like the flowerbeds to be mostly perennials, with roses and other plants along the fences. But as the perennials are all very young, this spring I planted a lot of annuals to cover the bare ground. I particularly like these apricot-coloured nasturtiums. I was very surprised that the roses, which I planted bare-root in January, flowered. The five climbing roses have become pretty floppy, but I need to wait a bit longer before they’ve grown enough to tie them against the fence.
I planted nigella (love-in-a-mist) and Angel’s Choir poppies in the semi-circular bed. And I let some wild daisy plants grow there too – the effect has been so delicate and pretty!
Some of the things in the garden are gifts from friends. Roobeedoo gave me some marigold seeds, and they obviously love the tropical heat of Glasgow. The plants are now about 2 1/2 feet tall!
For years I’ve loved growing sweet peas. They don’t do well if grown in the same spot every summer, so I have two places where I’m sure they will be happy. Certainly Spot Number One has produced some excellent flowers. They didn’t like the sunny spell we had in July, but a few good rains have brought them out:
I have forget-me-nots from two friends, kaffir lilies from another friend, and then this very special lupin. It’s the descendant of a lupin in my good friend T’s garden in Aberdeen. About ten years ago I collected seed from it, and then had several lovely lupin-children in my own garden in Aberdeen. Two summers ago, I collected seeds from them, and crossed my fingers. The following spring we were on the verge of moving house and so it wasn’t until this March that I planted the seeds. And look at the result! I am so surprised it actually flowered this year.
Tilly has been coming out into the garden since the beginning of May. She does enjoy it to some extent, as long as we are right with her, and as long as she doesn’t encounter other cats through the fence at the bottom, or what I think is the smell of the fox. I take her out every day just before 5:00, which is her tea-time. Below is a rare instance of her actually relaxing in the garden. Mostly she is on high alert, checks that I am very nearby, gets huge bush-tails, and generally runs back inside within 10 minutes!
Last winter I read a lovely book by Marta McDowell called Emily Dickinson’s Gardens. Emily Dickinson particularly loved the native violet, called “Heartsease”. I ordered seeds to grow it, and to my surprise these have also done very well. They have flourished and now cover most of the bare earth in the photo below, which I took at the beginning of July. Their little faces are so sweet!
The summerhouse has been a wonderful place to have a cup of tea, and visitors have really enjoyed it as well. I’m still working on making some bunting but otherwise there’s nothing much to see in the summerhouse at the moment. Here is the view from it:
I had hoped to save a lovely pink tea rose from the original garden, but it didn’t survive. So I replaced it with the only rose bush (as opposed to climbers) in the garden. It is a lovely pinky-peachy colour and like all David Austin roses, smells divine:
The only trouble in paradise has come in, ironically, with the new soil. I think the landscapers were as horrified as I was that the soil they provided had small bits of horsetail (equisitum) in it. This is a weed that I never remember encountering in Aberdeen, but I see it everywhere here in Glasgow. It can grow through concrete. At first I literally had nightmares about it being in the garden, but now I realise that I just need to keep a careful watch, and dig it up when I find it. Most of what I’ve dug up has been very small shoots, and hasn’t returned. Fingers crossed.
I mentioned that we “planted” earthworms in the new beds. I still rarely encounter worms in the soil, but as one commenter said, if we keep applying compost and manure, they will be there. I also planted 150 wildflower plants into the new turf – during a few absolutely freezing and drenching January and February days! It was worth it: we now have red and white clover proliferating, chamomile, lady’s bedstraw, two kinds of daisies and other wildflowers that don’t mind being mown short every few weeks.
There are lots and lots of bees in the garden – a new friend has given me a bee identification guide! And there are some butterflies, mostly white ones. I will have to get a butterfly identification guide as well. The birds come in to feed, drink and wash. And the very last “creature” I want to show you is a funny gift from the Dafter:
He keeps an eye on things outside and makes me laugh.
I hope you’re all having a fun summer and enjoying either your own gardens or (even more relaxing) other people’s!


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Al Jowaily cultivates its own White Beans from the best quality seeds harvesting, and processing are being supervised by experts as they are very sensitive processes. Appealing to all ages, White Beans is considered one of the special products of the company.
Al Jowaily cultivates pre-selected broccoli seeds from the best quality world wide. It is directly transported to the production lines to guarantee maintaining all its nutritional properties. Montana has recently introduced Broccoli to the market, Broccoli proved to be high acceptable due to its nutritional values.


Look how much our plants have grown over the holiday! This week Oak class have planted out the bean plants in soil and put them in the greenhouse. We cant wait to see how much they grow!
To start our learning project this term, Oak class have explored different apps on the i pads.
Oak class had the opportunity to learn about a very different type of fruit this week. The Baobab fruit all the way from Malawi! We also had the chance to learn some words in Chichewa reading a book that was written by one of our parents. Thank you to the Agbabiaka family for sharing their … Continue reading
Year 3 have been practising how to throw and catch using a tennis ball. The children found throwing underarm a lot more difficult than throwing over arm. We will be continuing to develop these skills on Wednesday.


WA’s craft breweries are experimenting with wet hop beers to tempt drinkers and help support farms in an area that lost its local hops industry decades ago.
- Craft breweries are experimenting with wet hop beers brewed from locally harvested hops
- Unlike all other beers on the market, wet hop beers can only be made fresh
- Beers help rebuild WA’s hop farming industry, which collapsed in the 1980s
Boston Brewery head brewer Ben Bunker said he had a beer like no other, which was a feat in an experimental industry where it was difficult to create something unique.
He made a wet hop beer using freshly harvested hops straight from the bine rather than the dried, pelleted hops used in all other commercial varieties.
“Once upon a time all beers were made with fresh hops, but they weren’t really good until the first time of year they were picked.”
He said brewers would leave hops hanging over rafters or drains for the rest of the year.
“They would have this smell of blue cheese or feet and it would affect the quality of the beer as the year went on,” he said.
This problem led brewers to develop dried, pelleted hops that were used year-round.
Bring Farms Back to WA
WA’s commercial hop farms collapsed in the 1980s after Perth’s Swan Brewery closed and the brand moved to South Australia.
There were almost no hop growers operating in the state for decades.
WA hops grower Trey Gee said the market collapsed completely when Swan Brewery shifted capacity to demanding pellet hops in 1978.
But a handful of commercial farmers have started selling to local craft breweries, including Aaron Alexander who owns a small farm between Denmark and Albany.
He harvested his third crop of hops by hand in March.
Drinkers were enjoying his wares a month later in the aptly labeled Cream of the Hops wet hop beer.
“Breweries are starting to recognize that there are local hops now.”
He said the locally grown hops offered different flavors and aromas.
“Hopefully over time it will become normal to see WA hops in our beers,” he said.
Brewers from the hundreds of craft breweries scattered across regional Australia can struggle to create beers that stand out.
Wet hop beers grown, harvested and brewed in the same region are a way to create something unique without resorting to harsh flavors or additives.
“People often expect a wet hop beer to be super hopped, like a hopped bomb,” Alexander said.
“It’s generally more subtle, rounder and fresher.”
Mr Alexander said he liked the wet hop beer to taste “from the harvest”.
Meanwhile, Mr. Bunker said he was looking forward to using something hyper-local.
“It’s really good to be proud of something from the region that people are passionate about,” Mr Bunker said.
Bartender Callum McCamley said the beer appealed to a wide range of customers.
“Everyone wants to try it,” Mr. McCamley said.
“Personally, I sold mostly to people in their thirties.”
He said customers tend to have “a very good knowledge of beer”.
“A lot of young women actually really enjoy craft beers,” he said.
“It’s good to see a lot of young people enjoying something different at the pub.”
A tasting event was planned in Perth in April to celebrate wet hop beers grown and brewed in the South West region of WA, but it was canceled after COVID-19 restrictions were introduced in WA.
Mr Alexander said growers were eager to promote the harvest again next year with more wet hop varieties.
Until then, the rest of his 2022 harvest has been dried and pelleted for use in less urgent offerings from local breweries.
Post , update


Participate in this challenge for 3 days of preparation to have an early season and a greater crop yield.
It’s super easy and gets you started on the right track for your early spring crops.
For this challenge you will receive directions in your email to help you start your seeds outdoors! Even in the dead of winter this can work if done correctly.
Give it a try this winter along with me and everyone else in our group. We give each other support and share knowledge along the way.
This is a new technique we will be experimenting along side with you.
In this challenge we will be embarking in is an experiment for me that I wanted to share with all of you. I’d love for you to participate and try it with us.
The idea behind this process is that we use the ice to our advantage. We want it to slightly freeze and thaw out to aide in the germination process.
Normally I’d start my seeds indoors or a greenhouse but this year I want to try something new.
This technique is great because it’s so easy and you let nature do the work after you set it up.
It saves space, while also using materials you probably already have laying around.
Try something new and join us on this 3 Day Winter Jump-start Challenge!
I will send you an e-mail with supplies needed and details when we will be starting this challenge.


Dear Friends of JVSD,
Did you know PLANTS VOLUNTEER? Yup! “Volunteers” are the plants that grow in a garden without having been intentionally planted there. They just show up.
And so it is with the community members who help take care of the plants in our JV Community Gardens every summer. Each week a different volunteer family “shows up” at school to check on our plants to be sure they have enough water.
Please consider volunteering to help water the plants in our
JV Community Gardens
For the summer of 2019 I request that you please consider choosing one of the following eight weeks during which you and your family or friends would commit to watering our gardens on days when it does not rain and weeding the gardens as needed.
I will meet you at school on the first day of your week and will show you where the hoses are kept and how to access the water. If there were a day when you couldn't make it, you could call me, and I'd fill in for you. My cell number is 814-386-7435.
If you are able to participate in this community project this summer, please contact me at email@example.com. Thank you very much.
JV Sustainability Club Advisor
Week #1: Monday, June 17 - Sunday, June 24
Week #2: Monday, June 24 - Sunday, June 30
Week #3: Monday, July 1 - Sunday, July 7
Week #4: Monday, July 8 - Sunday, July 14
Week #5: Monday, July 15 - Sunday, July 21
Week #6: Monday, July 22 - Sunday, July 28 Volunteer #6
Week #7: Monday, July 29 - Sunday, August 4
Week #8: Monday, August 5 - Sunday, August 11
Week #9: Monday, August 12 - Sunday, August 18 Volunteer #9
Week #10: Monday, August 19 – Sunday, August 25


Heating Greenhouses with Radiant Heat
Energy Efficient, Infrared Heating for the Healthiest, Highest Quality Plants
Greenhouses Require Gentle, Even Heat – Just Like the Sun
To produce the healthiest, highest quality plants, greenhouses require gentle, consistent heat. Because the heat from our infrared tube heaters simulates the sun’s warmth, it promotes healthy plant growth by improving soil conditions. At the same time, moisture is eliminated from plants’ surfaces reducing the potential for disease. In addition, our heaters are energy efficient by heating plants, soil, benches and other objects, not the air, letting you focus on growing.
Reduce Heat Loss in Your Greenhouse
Growers rely on knowing the air temperatures in their greenhouses, as nearly all crop recommendations are based on the air temperature required for the best growth. By reducing stratification and producing a consistent heat, you are creating the best environment for your plants.
“We’re seeing phenomenal results with these heaters, even when it drops down to 25 °F out.”Ron – Devi Cannabis, California
Watch How Devi Cannabis Improved Production with Infrared Heaters
Recommended Greenhouse Infrared Heaters
Unitary Infrared Heaters Versus Burners-in-Series Radiant Heaters in Greenhouses
Unitary heaters such as the VANTAGE CTH2V consist of a single burner located at one end of the heat exchanger tube. They offer design flexibility with straight U-tube, or L-shaped configurations for greenhouses big or small.
Burners-in-series infrared heating systems, CORAYVAC are most suitable for greenhouses requiring energy efficient heating. Because multiple burners allow for even heating, they can be custom engineered to fit any facility.
Greenhouse Heating Resources
Get a Free Heat Loss Analysis or Greenhouse Design Today!
Find A Rep Near You!
Many of our independent representative partners are second and third generation firms. These infrared heating experts can help guide you through the entire buying process from design to installation.


2011-12-23 / Community
Har vest of plenty
With five acres of orange groves in front of her, the longtime Moorpark resident set out on Saturday morning to harvest as many Valencia oranges as she could before the impending rain began to fall.
Penhall, coordinator for the Ventura County branch of the nonprofit fruit-picking organization Food Forward, hoped to collect 3,000 pounds of fruit from the hillside on the northeast corner of Grimes Canyon Road and Championship Drive.
The groves, full of the ripe California-native oranges, belong to Toll Brothers, the luxury home developer that built Moorpark’s Country Club Estates and The Pinnacle at Moorpark Highlands.
By noon last Saturday, Penhall and about 25 volunteers from Food Forward and Toll Brothers met the day’s goal.
“Not bad for two-and-a-half hours of work,” Penhall said. “We had some serious worker bees here today.”
About 500 pounds of oranges from last weekend’s pick will go to Moorpark families through the local food pantry at Catholic Charities. The rest of the oranges— weighing just over a ton—were sent to FOOD Share in Oxnard, for distribution to needy families throughout Ventura County.
“There’s so much fruit this year,” said Kevin Rosinski, assistant vice president of Toll Brothers. “We probably could have gotten more, but we’ve had a little bit of rain. We’re going to do another glean (or pick) here in January so we can donate more of it.”
Toll Brothers planted the orange groves in a corner of the County Club Estates community about 11 years ago.
By 2004, they started bearing fruit.
“ We planted them so we wouldn’t have an empty hillside,” Rosinski said. “We bought the property and we’re going to develop this section eventually. We just put the orange groves here in the meantime.”
The five acres of orange groves are a portion of 50 acres the developer owns in Moorpark that are slated for development in 2013.
Rosinski said the developer wanted to make sure the hillside wasn’t an eyesore for residents, so they decided to plant the orange trees to match the surrounding environment.
Once the trees began bearing fruit, Michael Harmon, land development manager for Toll Brothers, came up with an idea.
“We just started calling around asking who could take our fruit,” Harmon said. “The first few years it was Catholic Charities, but then the volume became so much, they referred us to Food Forward because they serve the community on a much bigger scale.”
About three years ago, Toll Brothers hit a record year for fruit donation, with 7,000 pounds of oranges going to county residents.
“There’s always a need for it,” Harmon said. “Whether we donate (the oranges) to residents here and they give the food away, or have (charitable) organizations come in, we have never thrown it away. It just feels good to have something that’s not wasted.”
Harmon said the hill requires very little maintenance. The developer does not use any pesticides or fertilizer either.
“We just let them go and the fruit is phenomenal,” he said. “I think our secret is just leaving it alone until it’s ready for picking.”
Food Forward, which was founded by Rick Nahmias in the San Fernando Valley in 2009, has one simple goal—to pick fruit so it can be donated for philanthropic purposes.
When Penhall heard about the organization from a friend, she decided to join the group as a volunteer.
“I did my first pick with them up in Bakersfield,” Penhall said. “And I just got hooked. I thought, ‘What a simple idea,’ to be able to help the community and have fun at the same time.”
Early last year, Penhall and two other local volunteers—Bob and Ryan Glatt—decided to start their own branch of the organization in Moorpark.
Since then, the group has spent at least one Saturday a month picking fruit from various properties in Moorpark, Camarillo, Simi Valley and Somis.
“We’ll do as little as one tree in someone’s backyard to an orchard with a hundred trees,” Penhall said.
Since the nonprofit formed, Food Forward has harvested and donated more than 650,000 pounds of fruit in the Southern California region.
Landowners interested in donating their excess fruit sign up for a pick at Food Forward’s website, and the organization brings volunteers.
Penhall said she hopes to continue expanding the Ventura County chapter’s volunteer base and to acquire a truck to haul the fruit to different food pantries.
“Right now we have a lot of properties on our waitlist to be picked,” Penhall said. “But we just don’t have the transportation. We’re looking for a stake side truck to help us haul all the fruit. We could double our work a month if we just had a truck.”
For more information, visit the website http://foodforward.org.


We are excited to announce our new Martha’s Vineyard Farm map! We printed up a bunch and are distributing them around the island. Next month, the Martha’s Vineyard Times is launching the interactive version. We aim to bring you closer to fresh farm (sea & soil) goods!
Let us know what you think!
Be sure to check out our friends who helped us bring the map to life:
Map produced by:
Farm.Field.Sea. & Slow Food MV
With support of:
Island Grown Initiative, Living Local MV, The MV Agricultural Society,
Made possible by:
Dukes County, Farm Neck Foundation, The MV Agricultural Society
For interactive map and farm profiles visit
The Martha’s Vineyard Times
and a special thanks to designer Max King for all of her work!


Released on 6th Dec 2017.
Welcome to your new Pocket sized Garden!
In Little Pocket Garden Patch you’ll grow exciting varieties of fruit and vegetables in three unique settings; the garden, the greenhouse and the city apartment.
Check in every day to see how they grow, but remember to water and weed!
● Three unique locations
● Magic potions to help you along!
● Each plant can be mastered to three stars
● Full day cycle, with morning, afternoon, evening and night
● The Market – sell your goods to Gary the Gardener.
● Find beautiful watering cans, a variety of pots, seeds and potions at Sarah’s Farm Shop.
So what are you waiting for? Let’s grow!


Summer is in full swing. Here in Florida, that means extra hot temperatures and (hopefully) some beach time! Our produce of the month this month is beets. These are actually a cool-weather crop, but not too cold. They are best planted in spring to be harvested in June, or late summer to be harvested in the Fall. Most of us know beets as a dark red colored root vegetable. But beets actually come in a variety of colors including bright red and pink, sunny golden, candy-cane striped Chioggia (pictured below), and even white. These all have varying flavors too. More reason to try them all! More than half of the sugar in the U.S. comes from sugarbeets. These are bred for their high sugar content, although they are not eaten raw and must be processed.
Beetroot is high in fiber, folate and manganese. Folate is essential for red blood cell production and aids in preventing some types of anemia. Manganese aids in metabolism and plays a role in bone formation, blood clotting, and reducing inflammation.
The leafy greens of beets are nutritionally similar to chard which makes them high in fiber; Vitamins A, C, and K; riboflavin; and minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, copper, and manganese. These greens are a powerhouse of nutrients and aid in all types of bodily processes that help us feel healthy. The strong red and yellow colors found in most varieties are called betalains and are antioxidants. These have been studied for their cancer-preventative properties and help boost immune system function.
When buying beets, looks for ones that are heavy for their size. These will be ripe and nutrient dense without being dried out. If they have leaves, make sure there are no yellow spots. Every part of the beet is edible – the root, stem, and leaves! Chop the greens to eat as a salad, or any way you would usually eat spinach. The stems are delicious cut up in a stir-fry. Roast the root, let it cool, and use a paper towel to rub the skin off (no need for peeling!). Beetroot can also be eaten raw, boiled, or made into chips. For some recipe ideas, check out this month’s recipe page. To learn more about beets and our other featured fruits and vegetables, visit our Produce of the Month page!
Stay safe, stay healthy!


Join us at Agritechnica 2023, the premier event for farmers and agricultural entrepreneurs worldwide. This year promises to be a groundbreaking experience as we showcase the latest innovations, cutting-edge technology, and solutions that will shape the future of agriculture. Join us at Hall 25, Stand G23 and our second location in the Irrigation Hall, Hall 21, Stand H06, and witness a revolution in farming.
Date: November 12-18, 2023
Location: Hanover Exhibition Grounds, Germany
- Hall 25, Stand G23
- Hall 21, Stand H06 (Irrigation stand)


Greenhouses What are greenhouses?
To gather rare or scarce items, it's possible to cultivate different biomes on your Skyblock island. You can simply do this by building glass rooms called greenhouses.How to set up a greenhouse
1. Build an enclosed glass room that is 6x4 or larger.
2. Collect the necessary blocks needed for your greenhouse by doing /island greenhouses.
3. Once you've decided which greenhouse to build and gathered your supplies, now you just incorporate those blocks inside your enclosed glass room.
4. Break one of the glass blocks and place a hopper with bonemeal inside so produce can grow in your greenhouse.
5. Place two doors at the opening of your greenhouse so the room is completely closed but there's also a way to enter and exit.
6. After you've placed everything inside the glass room, you go back to /island greenhouses
and click on the greenhouse that you built to activate it.
7. If everything is done well, things should start happening inside the greenhouse shortly after. Types of greenhouses
Requirement - Two sand blocks, water is 50% of the floor areaSnowy Beach
Requirement - One sand block
- Mushroom Fields
- Deep Ocean
- Flower Forest
- Ice Spikes


50 lbs of Rice
This week we are talking about rice. Rice is a grain that can easily be purchased and stored (although not easily grown in many regions). Rice is one of those grains which you can’t just grow in your backyard. (i’m sure you can try)
Why do I store it?
It can store for longer than 10 years(if stored properly), can be cooked in numerous ways, is relatively inexpensive to purchase, and is easy to digest.
Rice is life for thousands of millions of people. It is deeply embedded in the cultural heritage of their societies. It is the staple food for more than half of the world population. In Asia alone, more than 2,000 million people obtain 60 to 70 percent of their calories from rice and its products. Ninety percent of rice is produced in Asia. It is the most rapidly growing source of food in Africa, and is of significant importance to food security in an increasing number of low-income food-deficit countries.
Rice is a staple item and EVERYONE on a diet or not should store rice. Rice can be spruced up with just about anything and taste great. It takes between 3 and 6 months for a rice plant to reach maturity, depending on the variety and where it is grown. So just think of how awesome this little grain really is. Scientists believe there are 140,000 varieties of cultivated rice, but no one knows the exact number. Rice is important to all. Three of the world’s four most populous nations use rice as their staple food - China, India and Indonesia. Together, these countries have 2,500 million people.
Brown or White?
Brown rice is unpolished whole grain rice that is produced by removing only the outer husk. It becomes white rice when the bran layer is stripped off in the milling process. Compared with white rice, brown rice is more nutritious because it contains bran, which is a source of fibre, oils, B vitamins, and important minerals. Brown rice does tend to spoil faster because it has more of its natural oils. Of course, if you vacum pack it, it will last for a really long time. Brown rice is better for people suffering from diabetes as it takes the body longer to absorb it and doesn’t cause GI crashes.
While rice provides a substantial amount of dietary energy, it has an incomplete amino acid profile and contains limited amounts of essential micronutrients. So you want to store more than just rice.
Rice is often the main source of employment, income and nutrition in many poor, food insecure regions of the world. In South Asia, where 530 million people live on less than US $1 a day, calories supplied by rice account for about 60-70 % of total food intake. Rice cultivation is the principal activity and source of income for about 100 million households in Asia and Africa.
In recent years, effective application of research advances has been slow, especially in areas of physical stresses, such as drought, flooding, salinity and acidity. During the same period, the rice-consuming population has continued to grow, while land and water resources for rice production are diminishing.
Brown and white rices store very differently. Brown rice is only expected to store for 6 months under average conditions. This is because of the essential fatty acids in brown rice. These oils quickly go rancid as they oxidize. It will store much longer if refrigerated. White rice has the outer shell removed along with those fats. Because of this, white rice isn’t nearly as good for you, but will store longer. Hermetically sealed in the absence of oxygen, plan on a storage life for white rice of 8-10 years at a stable temperature of 70 degrees F. It should keep proportionately longer if stored at cooler temperatures. Stored in the absence of oxygen, brown rice will last longer than if it was stored in air. Plan on 1 to 2 years. It is very important to store brown rice as cool as possible, for if you can get the temperature down another ten degrees, it will double the storage life again.
For lots of wonderful rice recipes also try http://www.ricegourmet.com/
Army Man Rice
•2 tablespoons oil or bacon grease
•1 cup long grain white rice
•1-1/2 teaspoons chili powder
•1/2 teaspoon salt
•1/4 teaspoon each oregano & cumin & garlic powder
•1 tablespoon dry onion
•Dash red pepper (optional)
•8 oz can tomato sauce or 1 cup chopped fresh or canned tomatoes
•2 cups water
Get out a 2-quart saucepan. Heat the oil or bacon grease in the pan, over medium heat. Add the rice and saute it in the hot fat until it is toasty and slightly opaque. If you are using fresh onion, add it now too. When the rice is toasted, add the seasonings, tomato sauce and water. Stir it up and bring it to a boil. When it starts to boil, cover the pan with a good lid and reduce the heat to very low. Allow the rice to cook on the back of the stove for a good 20 minutes. Serve topped with cheese for a main dish, or just like it is as a side dish. This is Tom’s favorite food in the entire world. Serves 4 as a side dish, or 2 as a main dish. This recipe doubles easily. Cook it in a 3-quart saucepan if you double it.
If you want to a main dish, you can add a 1/2-pound of cooked ground beef. Another option is to add a 15 oz can of kidney or pinto or black beans (1-1/2 cups cooked beans). Add either along with the tomato sauce and water. Cook as directed.
recipe from http://www.hillbillyhousewife.com/


Membership is open to individuals over the age of 18 and costs $20 a year, which covers everyone in the member’s household.
Download a membership application here: Tampa Bay Chapter Rare Fruit Council International Membership Application.
Members receive the following benefits:
The monthly newsletter
The opportunity to learn up-to-date information about growing exotic plants (varieties that grow best in this area, with the best flavor, and the plant irrigation, light, and fertilizer needs) from horticultural professionals, to participate in hands-on workshops, and to exchange ideas with fellow RFCI members.
Access to the “Seed Table.” With the quality and rarity of the seeds offered, a member could easily recoup the membership fee at a single RFCI meeting.
To receive raffle tickets in exchange for food brought for the buffet table or plants for the plant raffle . . . and take home NEW plants for their gardens when their raffle ticket numbers are called.
The opportunity to work at the RFCI booth at the USF plant sales in April and October and earn the opportunity to purchase plants at a substantial discount.


Mexican petunia, also called desert petunia, establishes itself quickly when you start with a nursery-grown seedling or young plant. It generally produces groups of strong, semi-woody stalks about 3 feet tall that bear attractive foliage and produce flowers within a month or two.
Do Mexican petunias grow fast?
The Mexican petunia (Ruellia brittoniana) is a fast grower, quickly spreading through self-seeding and rhizomes. Because of their fast growth, these plants are considered invasive.
How long does it take for Mexican petunias to grow?
Quick Reference Growing Guide
|Time to Maturity||1-2 months||Soil Drainage:|
|Spacing||12 inches||Companion Planting:|
|Planting Depth:||1/4 inch||Uses:|
|Height:||8-12 inches (dwarf type) 18-36 inches (tall type)||Family:|
Are Mexican petunias invasive?
The wild, invasive form of this plant is so aggressive, it’s banned in some states, and it’s on a watch list of invasive plants in others. The state of Florida lists Mexican petunias as “highly invasive.” Native to Mexico and western South America, Ruellia simplex, also known as R. tweediana, R.
How tall does Mexican petunia grow?
Mexican-petunia is a perennial in zones 8 to 11 that stands up to 3 feet in height. Stems are green or purple and leaves are dark green, oppositely arranged and lance-shaped, roughly 6 to 12 inches long and ½ to ¾ inches wide.
Should you cut back Mexican petunias?
In general, the only pruning a Mexican petunia requires is an annual pruning in late winter or early spring to remove damaged, weak or otherwise undesirable stems back to the base of the plant. Cutting back spent flower stalks during the blooming period helps maintain a neat appearance.
How long do Mexican petunias bloom?
Each of the petunia-like flowers lasts about one day but the flowering season is considerably long, lasting from early summer and fall.
Do Mexican petunias come back?
Answer: Mexican petunia is considered an herbaceous perennial, which means it freezes to the ground if it gets too cold and grows back from the base. It is summer flowering so the flowers develop on new growth.
Why are my petunias not spreading?
Keep them watered — but don’t overwater them
On the other end of the spectrum, if your wave petunias are getting a lot of sun and not enough water you may see the plants not bloom as much. Water and sun are some of the basic needs of a plant, so make sure that the plant is properly watered.
Do petunias spread out?
Groundcover or “spreading” petunias are only about six inches tall, but spread so rapidly that they cover a huge area over one growing season, provided they’re watered and fertilized frequently.
Do all petunias spread?
Do All Petunias Spread? … Not all types of petunias spread like wave petunias. Grandiflora petunias, for example, have large blooms, up to five inches across. They do well in contained areas such as window boxes or hanging baskets and do not require a large space in which to grow or spread.
Why is my Mexican petunia not blooming?
The plant may bloom when it is lightly shaded for part of the day, but as a rule, a petunia not blooming can be because it does not get at least six hours of direct sun per day. … If you’ve planted petunias in a shady spot that can’t be remedied, you may need to replant the petunia plant with no flowers.
Will Mexican petunias root in water?
Cut off a piece of stem, remove the lower leaves, & stick it in the ground. You can also root them in water. If it is warm, they can wilt, so water rooting may be better. You can stick the entire cutting in water to refresh it, & when temperatures cool off, stick the roots only in water.
Where should I plant Mexican petunia?
Mexican petunia grows and blooms best in full sun or partial shade. It will grow in shade, but doesn’t bloom as much and looks leggy and lanky. This sun-loving perennial likes rich, slightly moist soil so mulch the plants to maintain consistent soil conditions, especially during hot, dry weather.


- Number of Pages
- Publication year
The author shares in-depth details of best cultivation practices of organic mushrooms. He also shares his research work on mushrooms and shares the ways in which you can apply your cultivation skills.
What makes this book stand out?
The research work as well as home- scale experiments related to mushrooms is quite interesting.
Read it for
A must read to discover new information on mushrooms including making powders, tinctures, mushroom-infused honey and growing mushrooms on old denim jeans.
Don't read it for
You need to devote serious time to this book for reading to understand every word and information the book has.


Fall is a great time for landscape maintenance and installation. One of the main benefits of landscaping in this season is increased moisture and cooler temperatures. This weather is beneficial as it helps new plants become established and provides a good growing environment for new or renovated lawns. It is also a good time to think about irrigation and drainage as the increased rain can reveal problem areas. However, the harsh conditions of fall and winter in many parts of the country can also wreak havoc on an unprepared landscape. As we move into these seasons, landscapers and landscaping contractors should be aware of the following best practices.
The cooler temperatures and increased rain helps root development and reduces the initial shock a plant experiences when it is transplanted.
Lawns must be given a proper feeding with a seasonal fertilizer. This provides your lawn with the nutrients it needs as it enters the dormant winter period. Lawns can be further strengthened for winter with proper lawn renovations such as aerating, thatching and over-seeding. However, the window of time for over-seeding or seeding a new lawn is much shorter in the fall than in the spring.
While lawns must be fertilized in the fall, most plants should not receive feeding during this time. They are on the verge of dormancy and any fertilizer will forces new softwood growth which is then vulnerable to the harsh freezes ahead. This has the potential to damage and possibly kill the plant. The one exception to this is deciduous trees and shrubs.
Raking leaves on a regular basis will significantly protect your grass. Though your lawn is entering a dormant season it still needs maximum light and air flow. Letting leaves remain on your grass will suffocate your turf and leave brown and yellow spots that look ugly during the winter months and delay growth in the spring.
Fall is also the time that the majority of shrubs and trees should be pruned as their growth period is ending and they are entering into dormancy. However, radical non-selective pruning, should wait until the spring. This kind of pruning can stimulate new soft growth that may freeze.
Weed control and bed mulching is a maintenance item that is important to do during the fall. Just as you fertilize lawn and deciduous plants before dormancy, weeds should be killed before they enter dormancy.
You can use the leaves that were raked off of your lawn as mulch throughout your beds. This will protect and insulate your plants while also keeping weeds down in the spring.Though this isn’t always a preferred practice by clients because of aesthetics, it is the best practice environmentally as it is a natural way to control weeds and strengthen soil quality.
As with any other time of the year, make sure your operation is protected with a Contractors Insurance program specifically designed for landscaping contractors.
About Sine Insurance
At Sine Insurance Group, we are dedicated to providing you with custom tailored insurance policies to protect your assets. Our comprehensive packages have been expertly crafted to serve St. Louis and the surrounding areas for the past 25 years. For more information about our products, contact us today at (636) 947-1177.


Natural Resources Institute Finland
Researchers and specialists working in Luke provide new solutions towards the sustainable development of the Finnish bioeconomy and the promotion of new biobased businesses. Together with their partners they will build a society based on bioeconomy.
Sustainable use of natural resources calls for advances in know-how and new business models – as well as close collaboration. Luke brings together experts in natural resources and sustainable food production. This makes Luke one of the most multi-disciplinary research institutes in our industry worldwide.
Luke also carries out statutory government work. They monitor natural resources, certify plant production, inspect control agents, store genetic resources, produce data on greenhouse gases, support natural resource policies and produce Finland’s official food and natural resource statistics.


I was thinking about waiting for pick your own vegetables at the local farms and what I would do with the veggies and then I realized, I have a yard. It is all mine. I can grow them myself. So I started the long project that will most likely last all summer long of removing everything from my back yard. Currently the yard is over 50% mint and the rest is mainly weeds and wild grass. I decided the best course of action is to just remove everything and plant as I go. I somehow thought this would be a weekend project but I will be lucky to have this done by the end of the summer.
I have now decided to plant while removing. The plan is to have the herb and vegetable garden areas cleared by next weekend and then plant those.
After that, I will move on to the area where I am going to store my tools / build my shed. Then I will do the rest of the large yard in pieces, possibly planting grass as I go. I will then plant the flowers and bushes I want in the back. Hopefully there will be time this summer as well to plant in the front yard. The grass there isn’t the greatest but it isn’t so bad that I have to completely start over. I should be ok just mowing it frequently.
I will be sharing pictures as I progress.


Urban gardening is a trend rapidly gaining traction amongst city dwellers. Transforming small patches of space into lush, green gardens not only adds a touch of nature to the concrete jungle but also provides a sustainable source of fresh vegetables. But how does one optimize a small urban garden for year-round vegetable production? This article delves into the techniques and strategies that will help you make the best use of your limited space while keeping your plants thriving throughout all seasons.
Before you start planting, it is crucial to understand the characteristics of your small urban garden. Evaluate the amount of sunlight, the quality of soil, and the available water resources. This is an important step as it will influence the selection of crops you can grow and their growth patterns.
Sunlight is a critical factor for plants. Observe your garden throughout the day and figure out how many hours of sunlight it gets. Most vegetables require at least six hours of direct sunlight daily, but there are also shade-tolerant varieties you can consider if your garden doesn’t receive much sunlight.
Soil quality is another vital component. Most urban soils are compact and lack nutrients, but don’t let this deter you. You can improve the soil condition by adding organic matter or compost, which will also enrich the soil with essential nutrients.
A reliable water source is crucial for your plants to thrive. Make sure your garden has access to a consistent water supply, either through a tap or a rainwater collection system. Regular watering is key, but avoid overwatering as it can lead to root rot and other plant diseases.
After understanding your garden space, the next step is to select the right crops. This will largely depend on the season, the garden conditions, and your food preferences.
For a small garden, it is best to choose compact varieties of vegetables. For instance, dwarf or bush varieties of tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants are more suitable than the vine types. Similarly, opt for compact root vegetables like radishes, onions, or carrots.
Another strategy to optimize your garden is to grow vertical crops. These are plants that grow upwards like peas, beans, and cucumbers. Vertical gardening saves a lot of space and makes harvesting easier.
Also, consider seasonal planting. Some vegetables thrive in certain seasons. For example, cool-season vegetables like broccoli, spinach, and lettuce can be planted in early spring or fall, while warm-season vegetables like tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers do well in summer.
When it comes to planting, using efficient techniques can make a big difference in the productivity of your small urban garden.
One effective approach is square foot gardening. This planting method maximizes space by dividing the garden into square foot sections and planting different vegetables in each section. It reduces wasted space and allows for a variety of crops in a small area.
Succession planting is another excellent technique. This involves planting a new crop as soon as the previous crop is harvested. This way, you can have a continuous supply of fresh vegetables throughout the growing season.
Remember to practice crop rotation, which involves alternating the types of vegetables planted in each section from season to season. This helps prevent the build-up of pests and diseases and improves soil fertility.
Maintaining your garden is just as important as planting it. Regular watering, weeding, and pest control are essential tasks to keep your garden healthy and productive.
Watering is key to the growth of your plants, but it’s important to find the right balance. Too much water can cause roots to become waterlogged and oxygen-starved, while too little can lead to wilting and stunted growth.
Weeding is another important task. Weeds compete with your vegetables for resources, so it’s important to remove them regularly.
Pests can be a significant problem in urban gardens. The best way to manage them is through organic pest control methods such as using natural predators, traps, or homemade sprays.
Lastly, don’t overlook the value of containers in a small urban garden. Containers allow you to grow a wide variety of crops in a confined space.
Different-sized containers can be used to grow different types of vegetables. For example, larger containers are great for tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers, while smaller ones are suitable for herbs and lettuce.
Make sure the containers have adequate drainage holes. Over-watering is a common issue in container gardening, and without proper drainage, the excess water can lead to root rot.
Choosing the right soil mix is essential too. A well-draining soil that can retain moisture and nutrients is ideal for container gardening.
Remember, the key to optimizing a small urban garden for year-round vegetable production lies in understanding your space, selecting the right plants, using efficient planting techniques, and regular maintenance. Armed with these strategies, you’ll be well on your way to creating a thriving vegetable garden, regardless of the size of your urban space.
When it comes to making the most of your small space, raised beds and hanging baskets can be a game-changer in your urban vegetable gardening journey.
Raised beds transform your garden by providing a controlled environment for your plants to grow. These beds allow you to create the optimal soil conditions for your plants, and the added height makes it easier to manage and tend. Raised beds also retain water better than regular garden soil, so they require less watering.
In addition, raised beds help in warding off pests. Being elevated off the ground, they make it harder for pests like slugs and snails to reach your plants. Plus, their defined boundaries can prevent weed growth too.
On the other hand, hanging baskets bring an entirely different dimension to your small garden. They are not only decorative but also practical for growing a variety of vegetables such as tomatoes, herbs, and even strawberries. By suspending your plants in the air, you’ll be utilizing vertical space and keeping the ground clear for other crops.
However, remember that plants in hanging baskets require careful watering as they can dry out quickly. Also, choose sturdy brackets and chains to safely support the weight, especially if you’re growing heavier plants.
Companion planting is a method of growing vegetables together, helping each other out by enhancing growth, protecting from pests, or improving the soil. This can be a powerful strategy for a small vegetable garden where space is a premium.
For example, corn, beans, and squash are known as the "Three Sisters" in Native American agriculture because they help each other grow. Corn provides a natural pole for beans, beans fix nitrogen in the soil for corn and squash, and squash leaves shade the soil, keeping it cool and preventing weeds.
Similarly, marigolds can be planted with tomatoes. They repel nematodes and other garden pests with their strong scent, protecting the tomato plants.
By implementing companion planting in your small space garden, you can increase the overall yield and keep your plants healthier.
Creating a thriving small vegetable garden in an urban setting is not only a rewarding experience but also a step towards sustainability. It may seem challenging due to the limited space, but with the right strategies, you can optimize your small garden for year-round vegetable production.
Understanding your growing space, choosing the right plants for your conditions, and implementing efficient planting techniques like square foot gardening, succession planting, and crop rotation can significantly enhance your garden’s productivity. Regular maintenance, the use of containers, raised beds, hanging baskets, and the practice of companion planting can also transform your garden and increase yield.
Whether you are a seasoned gardener or a beginner, these tips can help you make the most of your small space. So start planning your urban vegetable garden today, and look forward to enjoying a bounty of fresh, homegrown vegetables throughout the growing season.


The Outdoor Living Extravaganza, presented by Proven Winners, is coming to Cherry Creek Golf Club in Shelby Township on Saturday, March 21, 8:30am – 4pm.
This educational gardening seminar will inspire you with new plants, design ideas and more along with an opportunity to purchase plants and other gardening goods. All participants will receive a complimentary gift bag and plant along with a host of ideas to put to use right away in your garden.
Speakers will include P. Allen Smith, Award Winning Garden Designer, Author and TV Host; Kerry Mendez, Garden Expert and Author; and John Gaydos, Director of Product Development and Promotion for Proven Winners.
For more information and to purchase tickets, click here.


How to Choose the Right Hydroponic Nutrients
Hydroponic nutrients are very important as they have very many gains. The most difficult thing that people go through however is that of getting to know the best hydroponic nutrients to buy. There are some factors that one needs to put into consideration while finding the best hydroponic nutrients for growing plants in hydroponics. Detailing a guide on how to find the right hydroponic nutrients is the main focus of this article.
One of the tips that one needs to adhere to in the selection process of the best hydroponic nutrients for growing plants in hydroponics is that of choosing the growing medium. For every medium, there is a unique hydroponic nutrient used to grow it. The examples of such media include coco coir, soil and hydroponics.
It is also a very fundamental thing that one does consider the need to use reviews in the selection process of the best hydroponic nutrients. There are countless number of reviews found online on the top hydroponic nutrients. The benefit of reading reviews is that they feed you with very many details which you could then use to make a much better decision.
While finding the right hydroponic nutrients, one of the other guides that one needs to pay attention to is that of checking which between the powdered hydroponic nutrients and the liquid hydroponic nutrients are good for you. There are very many benefits that are associated with both the liquid and the hydroponic nutrients. One of the benefits that is associated with the powdered hydroponic nutrients is that they have a long shelf life.
A lot of emphases is laid on the need to check the PH of the soil when one is out there looking for the best hydroponic nutrients. Check from time to time so that you know the correct hydroponic nutrients to add. One of the guidelines that one needs to adhere to while finding the best hydroponic nutrients is that of checking the brand making those hydroponic nutrients. It is always important that those companies known to make quality hydroponic nutrients be selected.
While finding the best hydroponic nutrients, one of the other guideline that one needs to put into consideration is price. The most essential thing is to settle for the hydroponic nutrients with the prices that you can be able to meet. Asking for assistance is also very vital when one is out there looking for the very best hydroponic nutrients. One of the parties to ask for help are other people who have selected the best hydroponic nutrients before. It is also essential that you consider the number of crops that you have while buying hydroponic nutrients.


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Blaine Bishop recently joined Vive Crop Protection to support Vive Crop Protection’s unique Precision Chemistry products in the Midwest Region.
Bishop was most recently a Product Manager at MFA Inc. Prior to MFA, he was a Chemical Account Manager and National Sales Representative with Valent USA covering from Colorado to Ohio. Bishop holds a Bachelor of Science in Agriculture Systems Management from the University of Missouri – Columbia.
Mark Varner, Vive’s National Sales Manager says, “Blaine will be supporting distributors, retailers and growers from Wisconsin to Kentucky to drive the awareness and adoption of our unique Precision Chemistry products, including the introduction of AZterknot, the industry’s first 3-in-1 biological/chemical/Allosperse fungicide later this spring.”


Promoters play a very important role in the initiation and regulation of gene transcription. Green-tissue promoter is of great significance to the development of genetically modified crops. Based on RNA-seq data and RT-PCR expression analysis, this study screened a gene, OrGSE (GREEN SPECIAL EXPRESS), which is expressed specifically in green tissues. The study also isolated the promoter of the OrGSE gene (OrGSEp), and predicted many cis-acting elements, such as the CAAT-Box and TATA-Box, and light-responding elements, including circadian, G-BOX and GT1 CONSENSUS. Histochemical analysis and quantification of GUS activity in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing GUS under the control of OrGSEp revealed that this promoter is not only green tissue-specific, but also light-inducible. The ability of a series of 5’-deletion fragments of OrGSEp to drive GUS expression in Arabidopsis was also evaluated. We found that the promoter region from −54 to −114 is critical for the promoter function, and the region from −374 to −114 may contain core cis-elements involved in light response. In transgenic rice expressing GUS under the control of OrGSEp, visualization and quantification of GUS activity showed that GUS was preferentially expressed in green tissues and not in endosperm. OrGSEp is a useful regulatory element for breeding pest-resistant crops.


When I was in middle school, I had the most fun and passionate English Teachers who taught poetry and prose. One of those poems was this: Somebody’s Mother
Speaking of mothers, Mommy told me a lot of stories of her childhood. One of them was about the fruit trees in her father’s (Grandpa TVS) fields. She described the low hanging mangoes and how she would lie down under the shaded trees and eat them. She also described the giant grapefruits that were too sour for her to eat.
Because of her stories, although I grew up in the outskirts of the city (concrete jungle) with dwindling vegetation, I grew up with growing love for fields, villages, shaded and fruit bearing trees. I found the whole concept of lying beneath a low hanging mangoe tree very exotic.
As I grew up, over the last two decades, wherever I went, I left a trail of plants and trees. That is not to say I have a green thumb. Far from it. I am a plant killer. But, I kept trying my best. I learnt from the best and kept getting better. Given that frugual is part of my DNA, I never (over-)spent on plants. I borrowed a cutting or got a sapling from fellow plant lovers and planted fruit trees and roses. Plant lovers were more than happy to drop by and show me the ropes and in many cases, handle my SOS “Hey…..run over….plant is drying out, yellowing out, tilting over” calls. One of those friends was an elderly gentlemen named Al who helped me plant peaches, pears etc during my Fremont (CA) days. Al even helped Kumar put in a sprinler system and drip irrigation, so I didn’t have to water the plants every day during summer. During my CA days, when the fruit harvest came in during Spring and Summer, I shared the labor of love with friends and colleagues.
But, as my life course changed, I moved around, and many a times, I didn’t get to enjoy my labor of love. I didn’t get to see the plants that I set in the ground mature…and bear fruit.
Such is life…is it not?
That brings me to today’s story.
For the last few weeks, I have been plucking persimmons and distributing them. I didn’t plant the persimmon trees in the backyard. My friend Thane tells me that persimmon trees are like the Indian version of tulasi (holy basil)…considered very auspicious for a family. The Chinese family who lived in our place must have planted them in the ground with much love and nurtured them. But, before they could enjoy the labor of their love, they moved away.
Leaving me to pluck these persimmons and distribute them with much love.
These persimmons. Somebody’s fruit.
I bet Mommy is proud that she left her legacy of love for plants with me.
Leave a legacy. Plant something.
Also published on Medium.