by Selina Singh*
Thousands of Indian farmers have parked outside the capital Delhi for more than 100 days. They have pitched tents on five highways that lead to the city and say they will leave only when the federal government withdraws three new farm laws enacted last September.
Half the Indian population depends on agriculture for a living, and farms are almost entirely family-run. The protesting farmers fear these new laws will corporatize Indian agriculture. They may not know what happened to American farmers when Ronald Reagan was president, but what scares them is akin to what happened then—loss of income, more indebtedness, and the empowerment of a pillaging BigAg.
Most of the agitating farmers are from two Indian states, Punjab and Haryana. In both regions, federal and state governments buy up most of the staple food grain that farmers raise. The government also fixes the price of the grain it buys at a Minimum Support (or purchase) Price. To varying degrees of efficiency, this purchase system prevails in most Indian states.
Indian farmers, workers, and the poor depend on the purchase price and the government procurement system. For growers of rice and wheat, this price is a stable and assured source of income. Governments sell a part of the food grain they procure at subsidized rates. Roughly 800 million of the poor rely on this subsidy to be able to afford their food.
After introducing the new laws, the government assured farmers their income would double in two years. But farmers rejected the offer, saying they prefer the reliable MSP system over grand dreams of higher income. They say they will be ruined by the three new laws—the Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020, the Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement of Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020, and the Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2020.
Favors for Corporates
Farmers are afraid of these laws because they create a parallel agricultural market, one where there are no transaction taxes. The existing markets run by state governments charge a transaction tax (it is an 8.5 percent tax in Punjab) for their upkeep. If traders would move outside the government-regulated markets to operate in the tax-free open market, farmers expect it will undermine the MSP system.
Initially, farmers suspect, they may get higher prices for their produce from private traders or agro-giants than in the existing markets. But over time, the government-run markets would start failing. Then, say the farmers, they would be at the mercy of agribusiness giants.
The new laws also permit and encourage contract farming, wherein farmers would enter into contracts with companies that would commit to supplying seeds, fertilizer, and other inputs to farmers (or groups of farmers), in exchange for raising crops demanded by the companies at pre-fixed rates. Farmers fear this will have private companies impose stringent conditions on what crops they can raise and how. The risk of rejection of crops over “quality issues” would forever loom over them. They are anxious that contract farming could reduce them to workers on their land, raising crops at the instructions of companies that they enter into contracts with.
They resent that the law on contract farming is formulated in a way that the contracting company would control the input as well as the output of farming.
“Any company we enter into a farming contract with will supply us seed, fertilizer, pesticide, etc. So, our inputs will be under the control of the company. Existing retail stores will go out of business [as they cannot withstand competition from corporate giants]. Then, the grain we produce will also go to the same company,” says Joginder Singh Ugrahan, who heads the Indian Farmer Union (Ekta-Ugrahan).
It is the biggest farmer union in Punjab and represents the interests of small and marginal farmers. A small farmer owns up to 5 acres of land, while a marginal farmer owns less than 2.5 acres of land.
The new law on contract farming bars farmers from approaching civil courts if there are disputes. It says they can take out loans to finance their contractual obligations, but the government will recover arrears on land revenue from farmers who fail to meet contracted obligations. That, farmers say, means their land (and/or other assets) would be auctioned to recover what they owe. In other words, contract farming is luring farmers with higher returns but it could make them even more vulnerable than they are.
Robbing Workers of Jobs
Until the 1960s, almost all farm work was done manually in India, even in Punjab and Haryana, where most farms use advanced machinery today. Earlier, workers took away the chaff and other byproducts of any harvest and extracted fodder or cooking fuel from them. The thresher disrupted this way of life, then the combine harvester, and now farmers sow high-yield seed varieties that rot after they ripen and must be harvested by machines quickly.
At every stage, workers lost out. Opportunities to labor on farms shrank, so-called waste was picked up by machines and sold to factories, for example, to make cardboard from the chaff. Farmers know that farming on terms set by companies will further mechanize sowing, harvesting, storage, sorting, grading, and transportation. They understand they will be the losers again if this shift takes place.
“We don’t oppose technology, but every wave of mechanization has hurt laborers more than landlords. If machines will do everything, how will workers live?” says Lachchman Singh Sewewala, general secretary of the prominent Punjab-based farm labor union, Punjab Farm Workers Union, which represents smallholders and landless peasantry.
“The more grain is sown, harvested, and transported manually, the more workers can find work,” Sewewala says. But as the number of tractors in Punjab increased from 5,281 in 1970 to 488,000 in 2014, the number of person-hours of work performed on farms also declined significantly, a Punjab Agricultural University report from December 2017 has found.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has depicted the farmers’ movement as that of rich farmers and traders, but it is small and marginal farmers who are leading it, and workers are joining them, including factory workers and their representatives in Haryana and Punjab. They are sympathetic to the farmers’ cause because of the possible consequences flowing from one of the new laws that revokes the stocking limits earlier imposed on private food-stock traders.
So far, India’s state governments have kept private traders out of the government procurement system. For the first time, these laws permit private traders to purchase and store unlimited quantities of grain. Farmers expect this to strike a blow against the government-run subsidized food program. They say traders will sit on stock and manipulate prices, as happened not long ago with pulses. Small farmers with low income from land, and laborers, will suffer more from galloping prices.
Support for farmers is widespread due to the compulsions of Indian farmers and workers. Smallholders own 83 percent of all landholdings in India. Cultivators with the smallest landholdings—less than 0.025 acres—earn 76.5 percent of their monthly income from non-farm work. Around 43 percent of their off-farm income is from wage labor, the federally owned National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development reported in 2018.
This reliance on off-farm labor is a consequence of farms shrinking as families grow, and a symptom of the abysmal incomes they generate. While the national monthly per capita income is $123, a five-member farming family with a small plot of land earns only $22.40 per person a month.
According to an August 2017 federal government report, the average size of India’s farms shrank from 5.63 acres to 2.67 acres between 1970 and 2015. The smaller the farm, the less it earns. Also, if 43 percent of a farming family’s income is from non-farm labor, the line segregating farming families from working-class families effectively blurs.
That is why factory workers have joined the protest on Delhi’s borders despite brutal police repression. Manual laborers, small traders, and factory workers sympathize with this movement because they have roots in India’s farms and depend on them.
Indian farmers, tillers, farm-based workers, factory laborers, petty traders, etc., also belong to clans, families, villages, and regions that have a high degree of mutual economic interdependence. There are also contradictions, especially of the Hindu caste hierarchy which has seen elite-caste landlords oppress the laborers who largely belong to non-elite castes. However, farmworkers, factory workers, and landlords—big or small—are joining hands this time, from fear that the new laws will strip them of an assured income, put food in supermarket chains where it will become unaffordable, and mechanize the farms, pushing them out of work. That is why, on February 21, a 100,000-strong gathering of farmers and workers opposed these laws in the Barnala district of Punjab.
Controlling the Narrative
The federal government has repeatedly resorted to obfuscation to control the narrative about its laws. Consider its accusation that private traders in Punjab and Haryana instigated these protests to retain control over grain markets. The Punjab Agricultural University study found that agencies owned by the federal or state government purchased 98 percent of the market arrivals of wheat and rice in the state in 2014. With their two-percent share in the food staples market, private traders are in no position to mobilize a protest at the current scale.
The coming together of disparate interests and groups to protest is a testament to farmer and worker unions, especially in Punjab. Unions in the state have engaged in democratic mobilization since the 1980s. They reached out to people last summer, explaining how the new laws could crush landlords under debt, dispossess them, and make workers homeless and unemployed. And people have come pouring out from their villages to join what they think is a fight for survival—and their way of living.
*Selina Singh is a pseudonym for the author, who is a journalist in Delhi, India. The views expressed here are personal.
Photo: ©2011CIAT/NeilPalmer, CC BY-SA 2.0


Farming Simulator coming to Nintendo Switch
Not much information was given besides announcing that Farming Simulator would be released on the Nintendo Switch.
In other Farming Simulator news, Focus Home Interactive announced that Farming Simulator 18 will be available for PlayStation Vita and Nintendo 3DS in 2017. Focus Home Interactive provided the following information regarding Farming Simulator 18.
Farming Simulator 18 brings a load of new features for virtual farmers to harvest fields from the palms of their hands!
Immerse yourself in Farming Simulator 18, the premiere pocket farming experience in gaming! Farming Simulator 18 gives you access to a huge selection of over 50 farming vehicles and machines, faithfully recreated from over 30 of the biggest names in the industry, including AGCO’s most respected brands: Challenger, Fendt, Massey Ferguson and Valtra.
For more information on both Farming Simulator games, visit http://www.farming-simulator.com/.
Author: Aaron Meehan
Hi, I’m the creator of SG Gaming Info. When I’m not working on my writing or creating content for this site’s YouTube channel, I like to relax and enjoy character driven story games.


I was recently reviewing a document created in 2006 on the subject of agroterrorism. Prepared by the Congressional Research Service, it details the potential for terrorists to introduce diseases into plants or animals “with the goal of generating fear, causing economic losses, and/or undermining social stability,” not to mention “loss of confidence in government.” (I suspect that last is already a fact of life.)
It seems to me that the current systems lend themselves quite readily to agroterrorism, not because of the terrorists. We concentrate animals in feedlots or CAFOs. They are not bred or fed for disease resistance. We ship them all over the place, with the potential for quickly spreading disease (just as air travelers quickly spread flu from one country to another). Crops are grown on large “farms” and monocropped, so that a disease which gains a foothold in something like corn can travel merrily down rows that stretch for miles.
One of the interesting things about this document is the charts that show where most foods are produced. Nebraska, Missouri, Texas, Oklahoma and California produce the bulk of our beef (Texas leads the list at 14 percent). Iowa, North Carolina and Minnesota have cornered 53 percent of the hog production. Georgia, Arkansas and Alabama have done the same with chickens (41 percent) and Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, Minnesota for corn (54 percent).
What the article doesn’t mention is that most of those areas also plant virtually identical hybrid seeds or raise genetically similar animals – in other words, they are likely to be susceptible to a particular disease. In 1970 such a situation occurred with the Southern Corn Blight. This fungus attacked hybrid corn that contained a gene called Texas cytoplasm and could wipe out a field of corn within 10 days. The fact that 46 million acres of corn contained T-cytoplasm allowed the newly mutated fungus to spread like wildfire. Experts estimated that 25 percent of the corn crop was lost in that epidemic. T-cytoplasm, by the way, was one of the early genetic engineering marvels, – similar to the current rage for GMOs.
Since it’s highly unlikely that the system is going to change, it seems to me that the best way to protect yourself against agroterrorism is to go the opposite direction to the current system. Raise your own food when possible or buy locally from small producers. Plant open-pollinated seeds and plant more than one kind of a particular plant. Plant diversified gardens rather than monocrops. Raise animals from heritage breeds (I think that’s particularly important with chickens; the commercial chickens out there have really deteriorated in terms of disease resistance, thriftiness and growth, from what I’m seeing). Butcher and process your own meat and produce. Stockpile food so if an attack comes or the system goes down the tubes, you can feed your family.
Be a Boy Scout/Girl Scout and be prepared.


NÇS Tarım owns 65,000 new generation hard and soft seeded certified fruit trees on its own land in Çukurova, one of the most fertile plains in Turkey and the world. It grows 9 types of plum, 6 types of nectarine, 4 types of peach, 4 types of tangerine, 2 types of apple, 2 types of pomegranate, persimmon and lemons in its production fields.
NÇS, which has become the ever increasing value of agriculture, has carried out fruit production for domestic and international markets using the most modern agricultural techniques. It produces fruit that comply with accountable agricultural criteria with experienced agricultural engineers and international advisers coming from abroad. It aims to be one of the important fruit suppliers of Turkey, Europe, and the Middle East with its healthy products which it grew and which don’t contain residues, in terms of human and environmental health.
NÇS Tarım, which is a fresh fruit supplier of domestic and international supermarkets, was deemed worthy of the certificates of Global G.A.P, which certifies that production is done in international production standards harboring modern agricultural infrastructure in the organization, and Good Agriculture Practices, which relates to reliable production in domestic market.
NÇS, which also owns the products that harvest the earliest in the northern hemisphere, carries out fruit production for domestic and international markets at high quality and tonnage with distinguished varieties.


Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) Recruitment 2020/15 – Walk in for 03 SRF, Semi Skilled Labour Posts : Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi has issued a notification for the recruitment of Senior Research Fellow, Semi skilled labour vacancies under “Enhancing Phosphorus Availability in Alfisols: Hydrogel Based Input Delivery Approach ” & “Terminal residues of Flucetosulfuron (ICH-110) in rice straw, husk, grains and cropped soil at harvest following post emergence application” Project on contract basis.
Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) Vacancy Details:
Total No.of Posts: 03
Name of the Posts:
A. Enhancing Phosphorus Availability in Alfisols: Hydrogel Based Input Delivery Approach: 02 Posts
1. Senior Research Fellow: 01 Post
2. Semi skilled labour: 02 Posts
B. Terminal residues of Flucetosulfuron (ICH-110) in rice straw, husk, grains and cropped soil at harvest following post emergence application: 01 Post
1. Semi skilled labour: 01 Post
Age Limit: Candidates age limit should be 35 years. Age relaxation for SC/ ST candidates will be as per rules.
Educational Qualification: Candidates should possess M.Sc Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry/ Agricultural Chemicals for SRF Post, Matriculation (10th Standard) minimum for Semi skilled labour Post.
Selection Process: interview.
How to Apply: Eligible candidates may attend for interview along with 2 sets of bio-data in the prescribed format along with originals & attested copies of all relevant documents including No objection certificate on 30-04-2020.
Date of Interview: 30-04-2020
Reporting Time: 10:00 Hrs to 10:30 Hrs.


a) The Igala people were mainly farmers and traders. Thus, they cultivated such crops as corn, millet, yams and onions. Hence, they had fertile land.
b) The Niger-Benue was the commercial centre where people from the Hausa land, Yoruba and the Igbo land converged and traded.
c) They were also craftsmen who produced and exported iron and copper utensils.
d) The people also collected tribute from their vassal states such as Igbira and Idoma.


Similar to organic farming, biodynamic farming methods prohibit the use of hormones, pesticides and GMO’s. However, biodynamic farming goes one step further…
Biodynamic farming takes a holistic and comprehensive approach to organic farming where the ENTIRE farm is considered to be a living inter-related system. Biodynamic farming practices emphasize self-sustainability and create healthier and more nutritious plants while simultaneously healing the earth by replenishing the soil and enhancing the overall nutrition to the plant, soil and/or livestock.
Another big distinction between organic farming and biodynamic farming is for a farm to be certified Demeter Biodynamic the entire farm must be certified. In comparison, with USDA Organic certification, only an individual parcel may be certified within a conventional farm.
In short, biodynamic farming promotes healthy farms and healthy farms = healthy food.
Could Biodynamic Farming Be the Answer for Some People Who Suffer with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity?
First of all, if you have our Clean Cuisine book, you know we do not recommend people eat a huge percentage of their daily calories in the form of wheat—or any grains for that matter—especially when you consider all of the countless other nutrient-dense foods they should be eating such as fruits, vegetables, potatoes, beans, nuts, seeds, pastured eggs, wild fish, etc. And of course we recommend that the grains people do eat always be in their “whole”, unrefined and most nutrient-dense form. I personally have about one or two servings of whole grains a day and I have always made it a point to never have 2 servings of the same grain in one day, so I am certainly not eating a massive amount of gluten or wheat. Luckily, nobody in our family has a problem with gluten or wheat, so we have not needed to eliminate them from our diets. For years now my family has also only eaten organic wheat (more on the potential significance of this in a bit.) Having said that, I do not deny that some people absolutely cannot tolerate wheat/ gluten and do better when eating a gluten-free diet.
However, the fact that non-celiac gluten sensitivity is rather difficult to diagnose makes things a bit tricky. For the record, the mainstream diagnostic criteria for making a diagnosis of non-celiac gluten sensitivity is: 1) you must have a negative blood test for celiac disease and have no sign of damage on an intestinal biopsy, 2) your symptoms must improve when gluten is removed from your diet, 3) recurrence of symptoms must occur when gluten is reintroduced, and 4) there must be no other explanation for your symptoms. Note: Gluten sensitivity is not the same as a wheat allergy, a far less common problem with symptoms like swelling, itching, skin rash, tingling or burning of the mouth, and nasal congestion.
But what makes things really tricky is when sometimes people who have been diagnosed with non-celiac gluten sensitivity over here in the United States end up going to someplace in Europe, such as France or Italy, and return home reporting they just couldn’t help but eat some wheat-containing bread or pasta while overseas—but miraculously some of these people report their gluten-sensitivity issues are not brought on from the “European wheat”. How could this possibly be?
I suspect that for a certain number of people, their gluten sensitivity just might have something to do with the herbicide glyphosate, which is a toxic endocrine disruptor by the way (you can read more about the negative health consequences of glyphosate on PubMed HERE) and “dry harvesting”.
What is Glyphosate and “Dry Harvesting”?
You might have heard that the wheat we eat today is not the same as the wheat our grandmothers ate. This is definitely true, in part because of a relatively new farming technique called “dry harvesting.” Although the term “dry harvesting” doesn’t sound bad, don’t let the name fool you!
Basically, “dry harvesting” involves spraying healthy wheat plants with the toxic herbicide glyphosate (the active ingredient in Monsanto’s Round Up) a few days before harvesting. This process starts to kill the plants and then makes them easy to harvest, but the toxic residue stays on the wheat. Not surprisingly, research shows people who eat the glyphosate-sprayed wheat end up with the toxin in their system. And since the symptoms of glyphosate exposure happen to be very similar to the symptoms of gluten intolerance, this might help explain why it can often be difficult to test for gluten-sensitivity that is not celiac disease in so many people. And in fact, a new peer-reviewed paper published in the Journal of Interdisciplinary Toxicology (Vol. 6(4): 159–184 ) actually shows that celiac disease, gluten intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome are on the rise and that rise has taken place in direct parallel with the increased use of glyphosate (Roundup) herbicide.
Glyphosate also destroys our healthy gut bacteria on many levels, thus leaving us susceptible to digestive disorders, nutrient deficiencies, and food allergies. Some researchers believe that glyphosate may in fact act as a transporter for aluminum (a common vaccine adjuvant) into the brain and even transport arsenic into the kidneys.
Glyphosate and GMO’s
Glyphosate is crucial for growing genetically modified (GM) crops, many of which have been modified (often called “Roundup Ready” crops) to withstand large amounts of this toxin.
Why would a crop be modified to withstand a lot of toxic herbicide?
It all boils down to money.
Here’s the deal: a farmer can only spray a certain amount of toxic weed killer on a wheat crop before the toxin totally kills the wheat. But genetically modified “Roundup Ready” crops can survive Roundup herbicide while every other living thing surrounding the crop dies. This then allows farmers to use massive amounts of Roundup on our crops (especially on our wheat!) And guess what? The company that happens to make Roundup herbicide, Monsanto, makes the Roundup Ready seeds as well–so the farmers buy both the seeds AND the herbicide from the same company. It is a very profitable little gig Monsanto has going on—but there is no doubt this company is putting profit before public health.
Since many countries in Europe remain hostile to genetic engineering, the whole glyphosate/ “dry harvesting” issue could potentially explain why some people who are wheat sensitive over here in the United States find they do not have problems eating wheat in certain parts of Europe. Europe has a much more extensive regulation on the use of glyphosate on wheat than we do (you can read more about the European regulations HERE.)
Gluten-Free Does Not = Glyphosate-Free!
By the way, if you are currently following a gluten-free diet, you need to be careful of all of the numerous gluten-free products on the market today that are either made with GMO’s or made with non-organic grains that have been sprayed with glyphosate!
Enter Biodynamic Whole Wheat Flour into the Picture…
Ever since learning about the nutritional benefits of biodynamic farming I have made it a point to buy biodynamic farmed ingredients whenever I possibly can, which is why the main all-purpose flour I use now is ISIS Biodynamic Whole Wheat Flour. This flour has been carefully cultivated, stone ground at low temperatures to retain the natural nutritional properties intrinsic to the wheat and it is 100% organic and non-GMO. It tastes and bakes just like regular whole wheat flour too, by the way.
Again, I am not saying we should all be eating copious quantities of wheat (or any other single food ingredient!) but wouldn’t it be nice to be able to tolerate some wheat-containing foods every once in a while? Even if you are not wheat-sensitive, wouldn’t you like to know you are getting the very best and most nutritious wheat? And wouldn’t you like to avoid the toxin glyphosate?
Choosing organic foods means you will be avoiding GMO’s and crops sprayed with glyphosate, so this is one huge reason to choose organic, but biodynamic farming takes the nutrition of our food to a whole new level and I think it yields the healthiest and best ingredients on the planet.
If you currently happen to be gluten-sensitive (or suspect you might be?), why not put ISIS Biodynamic Whole Wheat Flour to the test and see how your body responds? Again, I don’t suggest eating 6 to 12 servings of grains a day, but one serving of a food made with byodynamic whole wheat flour a day just might be tolerable?
Just some food for thought…


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Proper Distance for Full Spectrum LED Grow Lights. Maintaining these conditions is the key to proper nutrient uptake. The National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) was established in 1976 through a Memorandum of Understanding between the Department of Agriculture and the Department of the Interior. Most people view it as a tree, because the recommended way to grow it for maximum blooms, is in the form of a tree. Flowering Fruiting / Flowering Pre-Harvest 4 - 5 Days Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Power Plant 7 10 - 15 15 - 20 10 0 Power Flower 010 20 25 7. During the growing season (April, May, August, September and October) applying 1-1/2” of water every 12 to 14 days will aid in maximum growth and fruit bud development. especially desirable during propagation and vegetative establishment. ppm phosphine concentration and 15 - > 30 °C temperature. Composed August 15, 2009 by geokills. It's in these kinds of conditions that plants learned to thrive in cooperation with the simple elements of a cleansing rain, a gentle breeze. Day 51 of flowering: 1800 PPM and 3. During the flowering stage, humidity levels often go up way too much after you water your plants. NOTE 2: The 20 ppm water in oil is Recommended Limit, the 30 ppm is the Maximum Limit. By recording the time when the first flower opens and counting the number of successive flowers that open in the intervening 24 hours,. Your exact ppm requirements will depend on your circumstances and style of growing. Things to consider: The CO 2 in the air in a greenhouse or grow room can be depleted rapidly by actively growing plants. Nutrient management for grain sorghum integrates fertilizer use with other factors that affect soil nutrient availability, including application of manure or other organic materials, and consideration of previous crops and of soil test values. Flowering Cherry trees come in a range of sizes and shapes, including elegant weeping forms to more spreading shapes. growth allows the respiration of carbon dioxide to dominate during. Workers in the Holland Tunnel working 8-hour swing shifts of 2 hours in and 2 hours out at an average carbon monoxide exposure concentration of 70 ppm had average carboxyhemoglobin levels of 5 percent, and none had. in the root zone restricts the uptake of water. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) levels should be high, particularly during the FLOWERING PHASE. Nutrient disorders are caused by too much or too little of one or several nutrients being available. We used the (1) LD50 method, (2) the maximum daily dose carryover (ADE) and (3) the 10 ppm method. Another misconception is that a high concentration of phosphorus ensures excellent flowering. Action level means an airborne concentration of benzene of 0. PPMs: During grow stage ramp up slowly from 100 to 600. In hydroponic systems, fertilizers are provided to cannabis by applying a nutrient solution, prepared according to its current nutrient requirements, growing conditions and nutrient content of the. The maximum daily amount that's considered safe for women in these same age groups is 2,000 mg and 1,800 mg respectively. med-man method - feeding chart ppm/ec hello folks a great way to massive stinky yields and preventing powdery mildew and bug infestation and or root rot is keep your root zone salt build up free this is my tried and true ppm/ec chart that will work best with my genes or anything else you are growing clones / seeds - week 1 - 140ppm / 0. This is per gallon of R/O water. If weed receives all the necessary nutrients, the harvest will be dense and the buds will be of high quality. Therefore, a stronger nutrient solution should be maintained during winter, With a weaker solution during summer when plants take up and transpire more water than nutrients. Requires vernalization for flowering. My question is in regards to both. Ideal Fertilization for Greenhouse Vegetables and Herbs. For more consistent cropping of mature trees, withholding irrigation during the fall and winter until bloom may enhance the amount of flowering. Almost any type of hydroponic nutrient will do well here. If the second test result is greater than 0. (3) To discuss thermal processing and smoking of meat. Mission Point Resort on the shores of Lake Huron on Mackinac Island in Michigan offers a tranquil setting with cozy amenities to enjoy life's simple pleasures. This is information on a product in full production. Potable water quality for hydrotest of Stainless Steel Tanks shall be "maximum 50 ppm of Chloride" in Appendix S of API 650 (Atmospheric Tank Standard). Check inflorescences and flower characters for gross abnormalities. Resuming, it's clear that if properly done, and at the adequate moment, cold temperatures can be used to a positive effect when cultivating cannabis; however, for normal cultivation, during the majority of the plant's life cycle it is imperative to keep the temperatures within the parameters for healthy growth, between a minimum of 20ºC. 050601-B(4)(b). And the EPA has set two national health protection standards for CO: a one-hour TWA of 35 PPM, and an eight-hour TWA of 9 PPM. You need a tank, a regulator, an emitter, fans and timers in a sealed growspace. The best of the stress techniques is to simply keep the plant in the flowering stage well past ripeness and it will produce a flower (with seed). When the Vostok ice core data were compared with other ice core data (Delmas et al. The Full Flower Moon. The Scripps CO2 measurements at Mauna Loa have been supported for many years by the U. 16, to 5 ppm on Oct. Yin-Tung Wand of Texas A & M University suggests that "under severe nitrogen deficiency, the proteins in the lower leaves are digested and the nitrogen is transferred out of the older leaves into the younger upper leaves (note : of Phalaenopsis). and before 13 weeks of –2C storage to determine effects on vegetative growth. Pollination is the critical event where receptive flowers begin to develop fruit. One way I got really high potency was to keep the temperature of my sativa at 88F and 28%RH during flower. GENERALLY, nutrient strength should run between 800 to 1500 parts per million (ppm). June 2015 DocID4077 Rev 4 1/19 TS555 Low-power single CMOS timer Datasheet -production data Features • Very low power consumption:. Recently, we were very excited to hear that one of our growers was regularly achieving yields of 2 lbs of high quality, manicured flower, with various strains, for each CLW 880 light, running at roughly 650 input watts. This publication contains important information on the biology of the causal agent, and conditions that favor the disease, detailed descriptions of the diseases symptoms, and the latest information on cultural, genetic, and chemical methods of control. Any light stronger than moonlight during this period can delay the flowering. This grower Jay S. Auto flowering seeds does it automatically, you can place a seed on a pot and have lighting for that plant 24hrs a day until its flowering stage without distracting its light exposure. until daylight and 4 p. 0 EC - This is the max CO2 level you can have in your grow room. Regals will flower with night temperatures between 45 and 58° F. The best of the stress techniques is to simply keep the plant in the flowering stage well past ripeness and it will produce a flower (with seed). Clearly, cannabis plants enjoy increased parts per million as they grow. ppm during December (T 4) followed by the treatment-5, i. shoots from flower bud initiation to fruit maturity stage. ) Merrill] seed yield response to high temperature stress during reproductive growth stages Adam B. Deodorization: Under high vacuum the oil is heated to 180-240°C and brought in contact with stripping steam to remove volatile components and to create an odorless oil with a bland taste and. Trim and shape the plant or size it with necessary cuts. Carbon monoxide is a flammable, colorless, practically odorless gas. 10 ppm phosphate may trigger periodic blooms, long-term eutrophication will usually be prevented if total phosphorus levels are below 0. Instead it’s a blend of five different Bach Flower Remedies: This mix was created by Dr Bach to deal with emergencies and crises – the moments when there is no time to make a proper individual selection of remedies. If you have a CO2 generator or a cheap method of producing CO2 then adding it during veg will produce bushier plants and will allow you to run at a higher operating temp. Engineering and work practice controls shall be used to keep exposures below 10 ppm unless it is proven to be not feasible. The hardness of the incoming water will also have an effect on the nutrient solution. Weed plants can grow very tall outside, depending on the duration of the growing season and the amount of light that the plants will be receiving. A-MAX offers affordable auto insurance with a variety of coverage to keep you safe and legal. Alfa Laval – plate technology 5 Working principle The basic plate heat exchanger consists of a series of thin, corrugated plates that are gasketed or welded together (or any combination of these) depending on the liquids passing through and on whether it is practical to be able to subsequently separate the plates, for whatever reason. Most state agencies don’t allow the exemption. The best of the stress techniques is to simply keep the plant in the flowering stage well past ripeness and it will produce a flower (with seed). Day 51 of flowering: 1800 PPM and 3. , 60 of cut roses at 100 ppm and 200 ppm. An exemption is allowed for SO2/NOx analyzers with ranges ≤50 ppm. You can let the military take care of the arrangements, or you can handle a Personally Procured Move (PPM) yourself (what used to be known as a DITY move, or Do It Yourself move). All versions have a maximum operating current of 15 mA. Bloom can be used as both a foliar feed and soil drench. Temperature, pressure, and salinity affect the dissolved oxygen capacity of water. Flower delivery is easy at 1-800-Flowers. Quinine has been shown to be secreted into. 2 Units are in milligrams per liter (mg/L) unless otherwise noted. Flower Images. The limit for CO was changed in 1989 to 10 ppm. The flowering stage is the final stage of growth for a cannabis plant. The Scripps CO2 measurements at Mauna Loa have been supported for many years by the U. Probably the most important of these are the ripening and coloring of fruit. The pre-flower looks like a regular female flower with white fuzzy pistils. Optimal Humidity (rH) and Temperature Ranges for Cannabis Find out how much moisture and heat will support the best marijuana plant growth during various stages of growth. 99cm) was recorded in cv. Ideal Fertilization for Greenhouse Vegetables and Herbs. ) range during the day. Rhododendrons and azaleas set next year's flower buds by mid to late summer. CO2 is also produced when fossil fuels are burned or decaying vegetation. Testing at diverse locations there rose from a high of 1 ppm on Sept. Ideally, total alkalinity should be maintained between 80 and 100 ppm as CaCO 3 where electrolytic chlorine generators, calcium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, and sodium hypochlorite are used, because these sanitizers cause the pH to. Beginning in late summer and early fall, the flowering stage causes cannabis to grow stems and leaves. 183 in a cell of path length 1. If water contains more than 0. The Upper Limit of TDS level in drinking water set by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is 500 ppm (500 milligrams per liter). This is the Indigenous Rights Report for the week of October 19, 2019. In October of that year, Spungen was found dead in Room 100 of the Chelsea Hotel, which she and Sid had been sharing. Calculating Permissible Exposure Limits in Your Workplace A Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) is the legal limit of a chemical substance or physical agent that a worker can be exposed to during a typical eight-hour day and a standard 40-hour work week. 41 cm), 30 DAT (59. 5-V LM4040-N to 100 µA for the 10-V LM4040-N. Action level means an airborne concentration of benzene of 0. If stabilizers (cyanuric acid) are used, chlorine residual must be maintained at or above 1. 65 mS/cm after 3-4 weeks of repotting. Intermittent leave is FMLA leave taken in separate blocks of time due to a single qualifying reason. This grower Jay S. intake and weight gain when present in the feed at 1-3 parts per million (ppm), with younger pigs being most susceptible. For example, if you add 2. During the flowering phase, the darkness period must be completely dark. Print professional-quality color—up to twice the speed3 and half the cost per page of color lasers,4—using HP PageWide Technology. In April — the previous month — the concentration hit 410 ppm for the first time in. The Carboniferous Period and the Ordovician Period were the only geological periods during the Paleozoic Era when global temperatures were as low as they are today. NIOSH (1973d/Ex. It was discovered that using 250ppm N during the growth stage produced no faster growth nor higher yields than using the 100ppm N found in his flowering profile (the one highlighted red in the For Flowering section below), and that the same flowering profile could also be used during the first two weeks of growth. CO combines readily with hemoglobin in. If chemicals are in the plant when you harvest, the smoke will be very harsh. A sunny, airy, open position ensures maximum flower production and minimum mildew, which can cause problems in humid conditions. From looking at forums the ppm should be in the 750 - 1000 range, which it is for every plant and my ph is around 6 - 6. Nutrient flow rate down the gully should be a maximum of 1 liter of nutrient per minute. As a consequence, it works out well indoors to have two separate areas; one that is used for the initial vegetative state and one that is used for flowering and fruiting. 1/10th of a therapeutic dose Not more than 1 ppm 1/50th of the maximum therapeutic dose 3 ppm (based on Arsenic limit) 1/1,000th of the lowest dose 10 ppm less than the smallest therapeutic dose 22 ppm 30 ppm for cleaning agents Some Other Limits Detection limit of Method < 5 mg/swab. gov means it’s official. 0025%) another one calls for 5000 ppm (0. Many fire departments wear breathing apparatus before entering 2nd ambient level. Timing is everything, and knowing when to start flowering marijuana plants can make or break an indoor harvest. Preliminary data for 2013 show that the annual average carbon dioxide concentration was around 396 parts per million (ppm). GENERALLY, nutrient strength should run between 800 to 1500 parts per million (ppm). If water TDS level is less than 100, it may result in hair fall and heart diseases. Hey YouTubers, I finally received my PPM meter in the mail yesterday for only $5 + free shipping! My weed is gonna smoke from "Bomb" to "Excellent" with this thing! * LIKE, SUBSCRIBE, COMMENT :(). 0recautionary Statements Caution. As a consequence, it works out well indoors to have two separate areas; one that is used for the initial vegetative state and one that is used for flowering and fruiting. 1972 Trial To determine whether Cycocel at 2000 ppm applied in the third year in the nursery would increase flowering with a minimum of plant size reduction, a trial was begun June 5 in two nurseries utilizing 20 varieties. You might be able to PUSH A BIT under 50+ watts/sft of light as the amount of food a plant can comfortably consume is a factor of how much light it gets. This new salvia is 25% more compact than the leading competitor, and it is easy to produce, requiring less PGRs. Triacontanol can be applied to the plant during any stage of growth, from seed or cutting to harvest day. These nutrients are made available between a pH range of 5 and 7 and a total dissolved solids (TDS) range of 800 to 3000 PPM. Values (in bold) below are maximum daily 8-hour ozone concentrations, measured in parts per million (ppm), exceeding the 2015 federal standard of 0. However, for some strains, the plants may continue to grow taller for much of its flowering period, even after the initial flowering stretch. We use full Moon names that were used during Native American and Colonial times to help track the seasons—usually from the Algonquin tribes who lived in the same areas as the Colonists. So try changing your dosage 50-100 ppm in either direction, and see if it makes a difference. The transcriptional structure showed maximum expression during the day in leaves and during the dark in petals. Healthcare 2019 Plans How exactly does Healthcare Change Aid Individuals? It establishes an insurance pool, the Pre-Existing Circumstances Insurance Package or PCIP, for all adults with noted wellbeing problems so, who do not need insurance policy coverage. Abdullah1 and Mohd Ridzwan A. Ottman and Tom Thompson Nitrogen Content of Crop Nitrogen is the primary fertilizer nutrient required by wheat. I went ahead and mesured the ph and ppm of the runoff water. We've tested these plants during the last three years to better understand their flowering physiology and culture, and provide information about their timed flowering. I am about to begin my flowering 12/12 stage on my first ever grow, tomorrow. US NIOSH recommended 8 hour maximum workplace exposure. In April — the previous month — the concentration hit 410 ppm for the first time in. Things to consider: The CO 2 in the air in a greenhouse or grow room can be depleted rapidly by actively growing plants. and before 13 weeks of -2C storage to determine effects on vegetative growth. This strain I am growing in this video is a cross of Matanuska Mint and Afghan #1. If water contains more than 0. At those rates, it would take 60-80 years to double the pre-industrial level of 275 ppm. Figure 1: Atmospheric CO2 concentration is just barely above the life-sustaining levels of 150 ppm. " Scientists have observed this effect during experimentation; they have seen as much as a 35% increase in the yield of plants like wheat in response to a doubling of atmospheric CO 2 from 350 ppm to 700 ppm. Methane is measured in parts per million, or ppm. Molecular SO 2 is a volatile substance that, irritates throat and makes eyes sting. If you have a CO2 generator or a cheap method of producing CO2 then adding it during veg will produce bushier plants and will allow you to run at a higher operating temp. If you are running CO 2 in the vegetative phase, I don't recommend exceeding 800 ppm. The CO2 data covering the late Ordovician is sparse with one data point in the CO2 proxy record close to this period - it has a value of 5600 ppm. Artem Beliaikin. 04 mg/kg; 20 ppm dose 0. Com - Virtual Pet Community! Join up for free games, shops, auctions, chat and more!. Visual Checks The circuit breaker should be visually checked for language and data on the templates, proper identification mark of any auxiliary equipment, color and quality of paint and corrosion on metallic surface, etc. Defoliation is a method to increase crop yield used by experienced growers. With soil cultivation, the water ppm should be checked after adding additives to the watering vessel. During this stage, your plant will feast on nitrogen as it develops the stems, roots, and foliage to support energy production during flowering phase. az1346 Revised 05/15 Fertilizing Small grainS in arizona Michael J. Understanding sCaQMd air QUality rUles for large boilers over 2 Million btU/hr The following information is intended to help you understand the air quality regulations for boilers rated over 2 MMBtu/hr in the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). 50-100 Loss of sense of smell after about 15 minutes exposure. The instrument will automatically shut down after 5 min of inactivity. Weed plants can grow very tall outside, depending on the duration of the growing season and the amount of light that the plants will be receiving. maximum of five days and then must be removed by the sponsoring organization unless a specific extension is granted by Leadership and Student Involvement. Determinate soybean varieties characteristically have finished most of their vegetative growth when flowering begins and are typically grown in the southern United States. DON is often found in association with another mycotoxin, zearalenone, because both are produced by the same mold. From looking at forums the ppm should be in the 750 - 1000 range, which it is for every plant and my ph is around 6 - 6. 0% max NOTE 1: Transformer oils that contains acidity in the range 0. CO2 is also produced when fossil fuels are burned or decaying vegetation. There is a factor of 10,000 between ppm and percentage: ppm stands for parts per million, whereas percent means per hundred, and there is a factor of 10,000 between one hundred and one million. Supplementation of CO2 is seen as the only method to overcome this deficiency and increasing the level above 340 ppm is beneficial for most crops. az1346 Revised 05/15 Fertilizing Small grainS in arizona Michael J. An exemption is allowed for SO2/NOx analyzers with ranges ≤50 ppm. A reduced leave schedule is a leave schedule that reduces an employee's usual number of working hours per workweek or hours per workday. Almost all growers seems to agree that you can get increased growth and bud production by running CO2 during the first 2-3 weeks of flowering. 2% 92 000 ppm 20 min 7. Now, for those of you who have been continually warned about over-watering plants, this may seem a little odd. Tasters prefer wines with no more than 6 ppm of oxygen (and usually less) in the bottle. Yin-Tung Wand of Texas A & M University suggests that "under severe nitrogen deficiency, the proteins in the lower leaves are digested and the nitrogen is transferred out of the older leaves into the younger upper leaves (note : of Phalaenopsis). The results from these monitors alone cannot be used to infer health effects, but they do provide a general sense of how much natural gas is in the community at a given time. For example, if you add 2. It can grow up to 35 feet and has a maximum width of 30 feet. Check inflorescences and flower characters for gross abnormalities. The minimum operating current increases from 60 µA for the 2. ppm to percent conversion calculator; How to convert ppm to percent; ppm to percent conversion table; ppm to percent conversion calculator. During the flowering stage, however, the humidity level must remain below 45% at all times. Pollination and fertilization occur during this period. CO2 is also produced when fossil fuels are burned or decaying vegetation. com sells growth boosting fertiliser worldwide. You have to know what you are doing. Water ppm readings have applications for both hydroponic and conventional soil cultivation methods. Increased fruit set. The Flower Garden Banks actually comprise three separate regions: the East Flower Garden Banks, Stetson Bank and the West Flower Garden Banks. and 900 -1300 during flowering. Carbon dioxide levels cross 400 ppm threshold, likely highest in millions of years. ppm for several days without relief complained of headaches, but exposure to 40 ppm for 60 days was without effect [ACGIH 1986]. During flowering the following spring, check inflorescences and flower characters for gross abnormalities remove any weeds that have emerged since the previous roguing, rogue plants with off-type foliage or off-type bulb color (George, 2009). 2 and 171 μg/m 3. If water contains more than 0. This may seem remedial for many experienced growers, then again, Iâ€™ve seen plenty of â€œpro growersâ€ with burnt plants growing into their lights. In part one of this series, we talked about how to maximize your vegetative stage so that you are off to a good start…. Reduce the number of plants down to the best 5 females. 05 ppm for manganese. Hence, switching to ‘Bloom’ during the flowering phase will help ensure plants do not become deficient in potassium and phosphorus (especially for heavy fruiting plants such as tomatoes and strawberries). of flower buds, buds may abort or both. Continue the rest of the flowering period without raising anything, and make sure to do that root wash 10 days before harvesting. The plant comprises vegetative organs: roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive organs; the latter is the panicle made up of spikelets. 0035 Maximum workplace concentration for 8-hour workday 200 ppm 0. It became apparent that using. There are several types of pets with varying levels of difficulty to obtain and to keep fed. It's vaguely useful to keep an eye on what your plant is consuming - if it's just after water then ppm goes up as the water is taken out but the nutes remain; obviously vice-versa too - ppm goes down then your nute levels are. Mission Point Resort on the shores of Lake Huron on Mackinac Island in Michigan offers a tranquil setting with cozy amenities to enjoy life's simple pleasures. Since many plants take up proportionally more potassium during heavy fruit and flower production, a potassium boost is a good way to put back in what the plant took out. Molinari 2 , Marcos F. and before 13 weeks of –2C storage to determine effects on vegetative growth. Do not be deceived; flowering cherry trees do not fruit. The first three weeks of the flowering phase are in fact more a growth phase. I rarely ever use more than 6mL per gallon of Flora Nova Grow or Bloom. Most state agencies don’t allow the exemption. EPA standard for outdoors for 1 hour and a maximum of 1 time per year. It became apparent that using. Your tomato plants look limp and sickly. This publication contains important information on the biology of the causal agent, and conditions that favor the disease, detailed descriptions of the diseases symptoms, and the latest information on cultural, genetic, and chemical methods of control. My question is in regards to both. Using the wrong type of marijuana fertilizer can drastically impact the quality of cannabis and lessen its effectiveness. Shoot & photograph the world in high quality. 43 ppm, but he did not give the cad mium concentrations in the soils. and before 13 weeks of –2C storage to determine effects on vegetative growth. It’s that time again. This is especially the case when foliar analysis shows lower nutritional levels than the desired optimum levels. Red petioles and stems are a normal, genetic characteristic for many varieties, plus it can also be a co-symptom of N, K, and Mg-deficiencies, so red stems are not a foolproof sign of P-deficiency. In the flowering stage, a higher ratio of phosphorus is needed to promote and encourage flowering, as these flowers are the bud sites, and the number of flowers affect the end yield. A level above 5,000 ppm can be lethal to humans.


As previously mentioned in my posts, I have no expectation of anything I plant, "fix" "prune" or touch in the garden, or in my yard, for that matter, actually surviving or (gasp!) thriving.
Not only am I an inconsistent and sporadically passionately gardener (and blogger), there are many things out of my control that effect the outcome of my garden. Weather, soil, sunlight (I'm in Seattle), slugs and other pests, disease and mold, children, wild animals, domesticated animals, semi-domesticated animals (chickens), irrigation and summer vacation all play an important part.
Spring & Summer of 2013 was a huge step forward for my personal fulfillment in the garden.
Even if nothing bloomed in the beds, I'd still be winning.
It's amazing to watch these huge, orange pumpkins support their own weight on their vines. We have about 6 pumokins hanging from or sitting on the arch. It's fun to walk under and through. All summer long, we had nice, big snap peas and now, tomorrow is September, the tomatoes have been exploding for a month. I don't even know what to do with all my tomatoes!! They're sweet and small and they make great bruschetta.
Due to my love of pumpkins, I planted a lot. They took over my potager. With their broad leaves shading the direct-sow basil, garlic, onions, carrots, pickling cucumbers and leeks, I haven't gotten much else out of the garden. Somehow , I planted a ton of radishes and while they went bonkers, they took up a lot of space and they are disgusting. I tried them over and over throughout the summer and they never got any better. Next year, no radishes.
We had friends over and one pointed out my beets. "Your beets are ready. You should pull them before they get too big." I have beets? Huh. Turns out I bought a "salad mix" seed packet and the beets actually grew. Who knew?
Another total WIN, my ginormous sunflowers. I don't know how they got so tall, but they're about 12 feet! They make me happy. So yellow and flowry. I don't know what to do with them except love them.
I put some corn in. It grew to about 4 feet tall max. I think it had to compete with the sunflowers and pumpkins too much. Maybe I'll be pleasantly surprised in October?
I'm thinking about next year... plotting my garden. I'd like to turn a corner of my "landscaped" yard into an orchard.
I'm a kid on Christmas at the moment, because the new deck is being installed. It's doubled in size, has manufactured wood (no maintenance!!) and will have a metal railing (again, no maintenance.)
My back yard is where I can put all my crazy energy. It's fun and it teaches my kids a lot about food, hard work and how sometimes working looks a lot like playing.
Quick updates charting my novice and experimental, gardening adventures at home.
Click here for a link to other garden bloggers


This blog post is part of our GPS Files series, highlighting innovative uses for GPS.
Going somewhere new? If you’re like me, the first thing you do is pop up your favorite mapping application. But did you know that in addition to helping you find your way to dinner, GPS is helping an improved food supply find its way to your table at home?
Brad Parkinson, 2016 Marconi Fellow, tells us in this new video (below) that agriculture is one of the most transformative uses for GPS.
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Precision, or site-specific, farming combines GPS (Global Positioning Systems) with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) to change the relationship between farmers and their land. This change is good for consumers, farmers, workers and the environment. Benefits include:
- Helping farmers increase yields by treating their fields at a micro level, scrupulously using the right amounts of crop protection and precious water resources for each field
- Allowing very accurate fertilizer placement and reducing the amount of excess fertilizer that seeps into ground water, rivers and streams
- Helping crews work safely in low visibility conditions including rain, darkness and fog
The power of technology is changing the economic equation for farms of all sizes, from individual family-owned farms to agribusiness. Along the way, many farmers have gone from technology skeptics to believers in field mapping, soil sampling, tractor guidance and yield mapping.
The Marconi Society Fellows’ ground-breaking innovations are changing our lives each day. Check out our latest video featuring Brad Parkinson to learn more about how GPS is impacting the world’s agriculture market.
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[Start recorded material 00:00:00]
I could use position to land airplanes. I can use position for a lot of things. And perhaps the most telling thing I find persuasive right now is for agriculture. And when we first pioneered that at Stanford, it turns out John Deere, who was sponsoring us, was very skeptical. Today, if you ask any farmer in the United States, not only will they know what GPS is, they’ll speak a language even you would not understand. Do you know what real-time kinematic is? They do. Because that’s what allows them to position their tractor to a few inches.
If you ask a farmer: Why does he do it? He says, “It saves me money.” Now, you say, “Well, that’s pretty good for the farmer.” It’s good for you and I, too. The cost of fertilizer in I think California alone is over $1 billion a year on a farm. So if you can save 10 or 20 percent, you’re talking enormous amounts of money. And, by the way, the extra fertilizer, which is not needed, sinks into the ground water. And if you look at the outlet of the Mississippi and analyze what’s coming out, it is poisoning the fish. It is absolutely a hazard.
And, also, in the fog they want to work but they can’t see the field. GPS solves all those problems.
[End of recording 00:01:49]


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Born in Barcelona, we created a new way of sustainable clothing. Our aim is to help in the only way we know how: by creativity, positive messages, music, and sustainable fabrics that contribute to a happier, easier and better world.


ISLAMABAD: The government released nine consignments of soybean and canola seeds that were stranded at Karachi ports on Wednesday. More than 100 containers of onions awaiting an extension in duty and tax exemption could result in a sharp increase in vegetable prices.
As per Karachi port Trust, more than 6000 tonnes of both Canola and soya beans were unloaded in 48 hours. The containers with onions are being massed as a consequence due to sales tax and withholding tax.
Tonnes of onions were stranded at the Karachi port where the government charged 17pc sales taxes, 3pc additional sales taxes, and 1pc withholding tax since 1st January of 2023 for onions and tomatoes.
Tariq Bashir Cheema, Minister for Food Security recently development had come forward to curb the import of GMOs (genetically modified organisms) in the country as they contain health-hazard materials. The seeds were imported from edible oil mills and the All Pakistan Solvent Extractors’ Association (APSEA).
Demand and Supply
The demand set by the poultry farms was not met by feed mills, hence resulting in a price rise in Broiler chicken that crossed Rs450 per kg while chicken meat stands at Rs850 per kg. The shortage of Soybean meal, the chicken feed raised to Rs7, 000.
Conversely, the broiler chicken price decreased by Rs100 in four days making it Rs350 per kg. The government had issued to release nine consignments of oil seeds stuck at Karachi port.
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Sweet Potato and Potato Growers.


Today’s Federal Farm Bill programs represent a tremendous opportunity to impact pheasant habitat on a region-wide scale. The Conservation Reserve Program is the largest of the farm bill programs, and could secure large parcels of habitat for pheasants and other wildlife. Unfortunately, early enrollments did not address species requirements, due to the varieties of grass that were seeded, primarily smooth brome and other short grasses in Colorado.
Unlike 1985, the 1996 Farm Bill resulted in an equal focus of soil and water conservation with wildlife habitat. In turn, the Division created a grass mix specifically tuned to produce the type of grass cover pheasants could flourish in. This mix, known as the CP-4D pheasant mix, includes a 50% switchgrass and 20% yellow indiangrass component in any soil type, while the remaining 30% of the mix is made up of a minimum of three grasses, based on soil type, and either a forb or shrub component. In 1998, we added an option to the PHIP habitat guidelines that allowed chapters to provide a one-time $5/acre incentive payment to landowners that were interested in planting the pheasant grass mix into their new or enhanced CRP. Since that time, chapters have provided incentives to landowners to plant over 34,000 acres of the CP-4D pheasant mix. Many of those acres are on the verge of blooming into tremendous cover for pheasants.
CRP planted to the CP-4D pheasant mix will positively impact the deficit in year-round survival cover, which appears to be the most significant limiting factor for pheasants in eastern Colorado. This is especially true for birds that currently do not find acceptable night-roosting habitat and are forced to roost in poor quality wheat stubble or CRP. These grass stands will also create large blocks of undisturbed nesting cover, and will also help to reduce mortality during and after strong winter storms, due to the fact that switchgrass and yellow indiangrass stand up well to blowing and drifting snow.
Acres of CP-4D Pheasant Mix CRP Planted by Chapter and Year
|East Central CO
|Baca County QU


Recent work suggests the idea of open fields to have been created by the Saxons in the 8th century but Rushden’s open fields are first mentioned in 1327 when it had a 2 field system for two-course crop rotation. The system changed to a 3 field system, in order to increase production. This fact is confimed in 1571 with reference to the ‘fallow’ and two other fields. Although the exact date of the change is unknown it was likely to have been long before the 16th century as the names of the fields are mentioned in court-roll entries as North Feld in 1405 and Park Feld and South Feld in 1464. Before 1571, however, the entries give no certainty that there were 2 or 3 fields.


In our small space we are currently growing:
If you think your space is too small to garden, reconsider. We've been able to fit all of these with square foot gardening beds and pots. Our balcony doesn't get a great deal of sun, which is obviously essential for gardening, so we've tried to stick with winter plants (mainly lettuces) that can survive with out all-day sunshine.
No matter your space size, geographical location, amount of time, or other circumstances, I encourage you to garden. It's such a pleasure to sink your fingertips into the earth. It's even more of a pleasure to eat what you have planted, cared for, grown, and harvested with your own two hands. I believe there is something both humble and Godly in cultivating the earth. I guess gardens are humble recreations of His artistic masterpiece. Mine and my sweetheart's sure is small, but I think it's lovely and suits us fine.
Now, go get a foam cup and a bean seed and get sprouting!
“The greatest fine art of the future will be the making of a comfortable living from a small piece of land.”
- Abraham Lincoln
If you don't believe me, believe Abe. He's honest.


WHAT WE DO
At EFN, our goals consist of connecting a network of local farmers and purveyors to a growing community of chefs, consumers, and institutions interested in high-quality, fresh, NYS grown and produced foods.
We are creating opportunities and a market for these high quality, fresh foods in Syracuse and surrounding areas. These products will empower customers by enabling access to local fresh nutrient-dense food choices from the region they live in. EFN will also offer a place for food entrepreneurs to create their own food to sell online or in-person.
Lastly, we would like to “extend the growing season” in Central NY through our long winters, maintaining access to diverse local offerings throughout the year. This provides a unique opportunity to supply NYS grown food to local schools and other institutions in ways that no other business is able to do in Syracuse.
Through our nutrition and educational outreach, we aim to work with establishments and other organizations that have demonstrated interest in locally sourced and healthy food. We are connecting the local food system, establishing greater access to farm fresh food for families and institutions in the Syracuse area.