Gardening isn’t just for pretty flowers anymore. Urban gardening, community gardens and urban agriculture are more popular than ever, and the East Side is no exception. According to the Providence Urban Agriculture Task Force, about half of Rhode Island’s farming land has been lost to expansive urban developments since 1964. This evolution of urban and city space have left many seeking new methods of growing their own source of sustenance in an effort to stay healthy and sustainable, including in our very own backyards.
Brown Gets Innovative
It’s easy to see that Brown University houses some of the smartest people in the state. Back in 1984, the Urban Environmental Lab’s Community Garden took over what was once a dingy parking lot on the campus and transformed it into the beautiful agricultural oasis it is today. The technology that makes this organic garden grow is as simple as it is genius: “We have a double rain barrel that collects water for the plants off the north and east sides of the building, an Aquaponics system that incorporates a big tank full of tilapia and a pebble bed for circulating nutrified water past the roots of tomato and squash plants in the greenhouse, and a few composting bins,” explains Sophie Soloway, current garden coordinator at Brown. This green-tech includes a drip irrigation system as well, which offers controlled amounts of moisture to each community bed.
However, the garden always serves an educational nod. “Most recently, Professor Dawn King’s Urban Agriculture class, a popular new Brown course offering, used the garden to test out their class projects, including a cold frame and a hydroponics system,” says Soloway. For Sophie, the future of urban gardening is bright. “I think that a city’s underappreciated spaces like vacant lots and marginal land could become vibrant, productive growing spaces.”
Growing as an Organic Community
Like the hunters and foragers of long ago, there is a sort of communal cooperation involved in maintaining both sustainability and sanity within a community garden. At Fox Point Community Garden, there is a real emphasis on individual dialogue and strengthening. Promoting the prominence of municipal understanding, Fox Point’s garden also offers open online forums for those seeking gardener’s tips as well as recipe sharing for the variety of produce grown there and seasonal potluck dinners. With 100 plots of land for gardeners to get their hands a little dirty and yearly dues of $25 for the first plot and $30 for a second, it is easy to see why this agricultural experiment is growing in popularity. Founded in 2006, this community garden prides itself on not only providing space for those wanting to grow their roots in the urban landscape, but also for offering a glimpse of greenery in the concrete jungle of city life. With one of the best online resources for community gardens on the East Side, visit their website.
One Woman's Mission for Greener Pastures
Stretching her horticulture know-how across the East Side, Kate Lacouture goes above and beyond to help make possible those people seeking to foster community gardens in their own areas. Owner of her own architectural landscaping company, Green Circle Design, Kate is someone who knows how to take something unkempt and make it blossom. Kate’s work through Green Circle Design led her to help foster the Session Street Community Garden, back in 2007 with Alicia Lehrer and Laura Mernoff and the help of the Providence Parks Department. “Session Street has become the East Side hub for community gardeners,” states a busy Kate, who also manages the community garden at Martin Luther King School (read Jill Davidson’s article about that). Other amenities and additional perks members can enjoy are workshops, on both the East and South Side of Providence, compost for growing and the occasional community potluck.
For Kate, the benefits of urban gardening are pretty straightforward. “A huge benefit is just being able to grow your own food and being self-sufficient,” Kate explains. “I hardly buy vegetables!” However, you might have to wait a little while to get a plot of your own. “We currently have about 32 plots, but it’s a long wait list. Spots really only come up if someone moves away,” says Kate; though she often will tell people if spots aren’t available at Session St. to check out Martin Luther King School. If you are interested in grabbing your own plot, contact Kate.
The More the Merrier
Other urban gardens on the East Side include Brown Street Park Community Garden and Mount Hope Community Garden. Brown Street began construction in 2010, and is run by Kate Bothe and Eamon Brown. For more information visit their website.
Mount Hope is another hot spot for budding grower enthusiasts. It’s been around for about 25 years, and was converted from a dumping ground into the lush greenery it is now. For more information, contact Mary Shawcross.
Urban agriculture is the way of the future, and the East Side seems to be right on pace.


Clarborough & Welham Allotment Association is now up-and-running.
A brief annual update from the Allotment Association (dated 12th January, 2019).
It has been one full year since we pegged out the 20 plots on our freshly ploughed site, we have had our second AGM this January and members are eagerly awaiting the new growing season. Not that it has been very quiet during the winter as the work on communal areas has been ongoing ever since we started. Thankfully, our work parties have been well supported by members so that by now our site pretty much resembles an allotment
Rewinding to last winter - we had a dilemma either to focus on fundraising to reach the target of nearly £15k that was the best quote from the local builders for creating the access, installing a water supply to the site, the gate and a central walk way OR to get creative, start off with the £2k grant we received from our Parish Council, do the work ourselves and fundraise when opportunities arise. The committee voted on the latter, backed by all of the members and we’ve never looked back.
There is no pretending that getting the water on site was a smooth process. What would have taken experienced builder a couple of weeks took us most of the summer and even up till now we have been putting right what we didn’t do perfectly the first time round. Advantages of this rocky path are that by now a good few of us are familiar with the location of the stop tap, with checking for leaks, know a lot more about plumbing supplies than previously and we have established contacts with reliable plumbers in the area.
The summer was hot and dry and the lack of water on site was the biggest challenge to the gardening spirit. This regrettably might have cost us a few members, who left before we really started. However, new members have joined since and currently we have only one full size and one half size plot available to any willing parishioners. To apply, please, contact our secretary, Jean Gregory at email@example.com
During our AGM we asked our members - why had they applied to have an allotment and to reflect on what had they got out of being an allotment holder during the last season. These are some of the answers:
Initial reasons for members applying for an allotment
- To grow fresh, tasty, chemical-free vegetables
- To spend more time in outdoors
- Increase physical exercise
- Educate children about growing food
- Living more environmentally friendly i.e. reducing food miles, composting
- To be more in touch with land and land work
- To be part of food growing community and exchange knowledge about it
- Get to know other community members.
What our members thought they had got out of it after the first season
- Sense of belonging to a strong community group
- Experience of achievement when providing food for family and friends
- Higher quality/tastier produce than from the shop
- Being in touch with other gardeners
- A relaxing, rejuvenating space to go to after work
- ‘Magic’ of watching the plants grow
- Having 100% home grown veg for Christmas dinner
- Children having hands on experience in growing food and seeing other people do it.
Thinking about it – 20 allotments only occupy ¾ of an old time farmer’s field, which once upon a time would have yielded few tons of grain or spuds per growing season. I do rejoice in fact that now this field gives an opportunity to some 50 people stick their hands in soil on regular basis, reconnect with land based lifestyle and grow their own food. Here’s to a good growing season to anyone attempting to grow some food of their own in Clarborough this year.
Clarborough and Welham Allotment Association wishes to thank the following organisations that financially supported the set up of the site:
- Clarborough and Welham Parish Council £2000
- Clarborough Village Ventures £500
And to those people who purchased cakes and plants from our stall at the Village Fair last summer.
Here’s to a good growing season to anyone attempting to grow some of their own food in Clarborough this year!
Pete Tutalo (Chairman) firstname.lastname@example.org
Jean Gregory (Secretary) email@example.com
Unmani Nock (Treasurer) firstname.lastname@example.org


Here is the trailer
Have you ever thought of doing farming? Or wants to do farming?
Well if your answer is yes then we have one good news for you. Now you can experience farming either the help of this mobile game.
Even if you haven’t experienced even then you would like this fun time passing game.
You can do various activity here like farmer do in originally in farm, like you can plant corn or canola or wheat.
This game has realistic farming locations as well as real farming vehicles which makes you feels like you are doing farming really.
You can also sell grass here to make money.
You can download this game by clicking on below button


Proper palm tree trimming will preserve its beauty and health. Palms need their green fronds to produce food. Pruning them too much may result in unhealthy palms. Palm fronds should be pruned only when necessary and with disinfected tools. Palm trees can be pruned with handheld shears or long pole saws. When cutting palm fronds, the blades should be sharpened before each cut.
Las Vegas Palm Tree Trimming uses advanced ladders to access palm trees. Pruning palm trees requires proper training and protective clothing. Proper pruning equipment is essential, including a pruning saw and shears. Remember never to climb a ladder with pruning tools, as this could be dangerous. Palm trees should have two inches of greenery on the trunk and loose blades known as petioles. The latter may be difficult to remove. In addition to using the right tools, follow these tips to avoid a mistake.
While palm tree trimming is not a common chore, it is essential for the health and appearance of palm trees. Many types of palms don’t require trimming. However, many species need space on the ground and may not be suitable for growing in pots. A good tip is always wearing gardening gloves when trimming a palm tree. Dropped fruit and seeds are attractive to insects and may produce odors that are unpleasant to humans. Contact your local waste disposal service department for further information when disposing of palm tree debris.
If you are a professional palm tree trimmer, seek training and certification from a recognized organization. If you don’t want to spend the money to hire a certified arborist, consider hiring a tree-trimming service. They’ll be trained and certified and ensure proper tree care. Remember, palm tree fronds can weigh as much as one ton! Aside from causing you to be immobilized, they can also suffocate you while you’re climbing. It’s not uncommon to collapse palm fronds during palm tree trimming, which is why it’s best to hire a professional to do the job.
If you want to try palm tree trimming yourself:
- Make sure you sterilize your tools first.
- Use one to three percent bleach solution to clean your palm pruning tools.
- Prune the tops only with fronds that are not angled at a 90-degree angle. You can use extension ladders to reach high areas of the palm tree, while a linoleum knife can help remove any boots that might have grown on the trunk.
Keep in mind that palm trees do best when they are allowed to grow without excessive pruning. This is because they produce green fronds essential for palm health. Never prune a palm tree more than it can produce in one year. If you do prune it, the result may be a twisted trunk that looks bad. The best time to prune a palm is at the beginning of August, but there are times when you need to do some trimming to keep it looking beautiful.
In general, palm tree pruning should be performed at the nine-to-three line, the lowest point of the palm tree’s canopy. Cutting higher than this will result in a hurricane cut. During palm tree pruning, you need to avoid the disease-prone mature fronds underneath the young fronds. Cutting two inches from the tree’s trunk is recommended to avoid damage and infection.
The cost of palm tree trimming varies greatly, depending on its height and condition. As a rule, palm trees thirty feet or less tall will cost around $75-400 per tree. If you choose a professional palm tree trimming service, larger trees will cost $200-$1200. If you decide to do it yourself, the cost will be less than half what it would cost to hire a professional. However, this still depends on the tree’s height and species.
For proper palm tree pruning, you should do it in the spring, summer, and autumn, when the fronds are green. However, it would be best if you also pruned off fruiting flower stalks, as these are attractive to insects and may attract pests. However, it is important not to prune too much. The best time to do palm tree pruning is before hurricane season. If you need to prune palm trees, it is important to follow the instructions carefully.


The Clay Pot is an item that can be used as a decoration or it can be used to grow certain plants by placing a seed in the pot. If you place a Clay Pot without planting any seeds, it will naturally grow Flowers if it is placed above sea level. It can also be placed on solid surfaces and submerged in Lava and Water.
- Certain seeds such as the Jungle Grass Seeds, Mushroom Grass Seeds, Corrupt Seeds and Hallowed Seeds cannot be planted in Clay Pots.
- To remove flowers or to harvest plants you will need to use a Pickaxe or Drill. However, be careful as these can also remove the Clay Pot itself.
- Seeds can only be planted if there is one block of clear space above the Clay Pot.
- To plant a seed in a pot, you need to plant the seed directly above the desired pot.
- On the Console Version, there is a bug which causes the player to be unable to place clay pots.
- Seeds can be planted into Clay Pots.
- Added to the game.


AOSA to strengthen Africa’s food security through Organic Standards
The Africa Organic Standards Association (AOSA) has reiterated its commitment to promoting food security in Africa using crop biotechnology advances in the development of new standards for Africa’s growing organic industry.
In a communiqué to the press from AOSA’s headquarters in Zimbabwe, the association decried the lack of a proper networking structure between Africa’s research experts in developing home grown standards that will guarantee the future of Africa’s food security.
“As Africa’s population keeps growing, there is the need to adopt science and technology to sustain the growing demand for nutritious food. AOSA is therefore calling on all agroecologists, crop and soil researchers, scientists and value chain experts across Africa to combine their efforts to move Africa from over dependent on food imports to sustainable food supply in Africa.” Part of the statement read.
AOSA is an international organization registered under the International Federation for Organic Movements (IFOAM) with its headquarters in Zimbabwe, and regional branches in over twenty African countries. The main objective of the organization is the development and coordination of organic and sustainablestandards for Africa’s growing organic industry.
In an Interview with Mr. Charles Ziwa; lead agroecologyconsultant for AOSA, he revealed plans by AOSA to delve into areas of research that are underdeveloped in Africa thus helpingfarmers on the continent to increase their yield while producing nutritious and organic foods.
“As Farmers, we strive to grow delicious, nutritious, pest-free produce. We buy the right fertilizers and pesticides, measure pH and PPMs, prune, stake and monitor our environment. Even withall this effort, there is one measurement that many overlook; the brix. Increasing this one measurement will improve the flavor, nutrition and shelf- life of your produce. It will also keep pests at bay.
Low brix values mean poor nutrition, which leads to pests’attacks. Pests are nature’s clean-up crew. They ensure natural selection in plants. Only the strong survive. Plants with a brix value over 12 per cent are much less likely to have pest issues, if they have them at all. It’s only when a plant is weak and sick that bugs attack to clean up the mess. When a plant has deficiencies, simple sugars and incomplete proteins leak out to the surface of the leaves and stems, drawing the bugs in for lunch. Brix (symbol °Bx) is essentially a measurement of the sugar content, vitamins, minerals, proteins and other solid content in the sap of a plant, expressed as a percentage.
This is an example of some of the research and training that AOSA is ready to provide for farmers across Africa to increase food safety and security; Farmers are not even aware that simply rebalancing our soils and increasing microbial activity will help to improve brix levels in plants. That is what AOSA is here for”, he revealed.
The country director for AOSA Ghana and lead organic value chain expert for AOSA, Mr. Dwomoh-Doyen Benjamin also disclosed plans by AOSA to develop working value chains to meet Africa’s growing organic food export demand.
“The value chain concept in organic farming is becoming an important component of the development of proper organic standards for the African organic food industry. A properly researched and implemented value chain will help in implementing and improving agroecological farming practices for developing and strengthening robust and resilient farming systems that maintain soil fertility and are adaptive to climate change. This will in turn help to grow the African organic food industry.
Farmers and processors in Africa will be trained on adaptive organic value chains that have been developed for the African terrain and systems by the team of experts at the Africa Organic Standards Association”, he disclosed.
AOSA has experts in food safety, organic value chain, microbiology, permaculture, agroecology, organic inspection, climatology and a range of modern-day expertise to assist farmers and consumers across Africa.


A pH computer enables you to regulate the addition of CO2 to your aquarium so that your plants grow perfectly, while the pH value of your aquarium water is adjusted to its ideal value. In this video, Aquascaping world champion Oliver Knott shows how to connect and operate the JBL PROFLORA pH-Control Touch computer. It has never been easier to set the correct pH value automatically in the aquarium and to promote plant growth!
You’ll find all the product information and more about the pH computer with touch display here: JBL PROFLORA pH-Control Touch
You’ll find all you need to know about CO2 technology in our Themeworld Aquarium under: Hnojení rostlin CO2
You’ll find more about CO2 plant fertilisation and supply in our Themeworld Aquarium under: CO2


Teens for Food Justice empowers youth in food-insecure communities to build an equitable, affordable food system for all. TFFJ builds school-based hydroponic farms throughout NYC, where students grow thousands of pounds of produce annually for their communities and learn and share nutrition and lifestyle skills that combat food insecurity and its negative impacts on health.
COVID-19 Food Crisis Response: Starting in March 2020, TFFJ quickly switched gears to ensure that more fresh, healthy produce is getting to communities across NYC that need it most. During the pandemic, TFFJ has helped to get over 2,000 free/reduced-priced Fresh Food Boxes to families in need across New York City! That is over 45,000 lbs of food!
Additionally, TFFJ launched our Food Justice Collective, remotely engaging over 400 students with home growing kits and free after-school programming.
$25 provides a family with a grocery bag filled with a fresh produce and healthy staples such as brown rice and beans for cooking nutritious food at home each week.
$50 provides a family with a two week supply of fresh produce and healthy staples such as brown rice and beans for cooking nutritious food at home.
$100 buys all necessary supplies and equipment for a healthy cooking demo to show students and families how to incorporate fresh produce from a TFFJ farm in their meals at home.
$250 sponsors one youth-led food justice and leadership conference that unites all TFFJ sites for students to share knowledge and develop their advocacy skills to work for better futures in their respective communities.
$500 supports one month of fresh healthy groceries for five families.
$1000 sends home hydroponic growing kits and curriculum to 30 students who are attending school remotely.
$2500 supports a full semester of after school nutrition, health and food justice advocacy leadership training for students across New York City.
$5,000 supports a workforce development opportunity in hydroponics for a Farmer-Educator, who is responsible for all student engagement in operating and managing TFFJ farms and food distributions and in co-teaching curriculum that ties the farm to STEM learning.
$10,000 buys one large vertical hydroponic growing system, producing more than 4,000 pounds of fresh, healthy produce per year.
“I didn’t know that in the areas where obesity is highest, people are the most food insecure. That sort of blew my mind.” — TFFJ Student


According to reports, the price of cotton ** contract has dropped in the current domestic ** exchange. At the National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange of India (NCDEX), the transaction price of the cotton contract delivered in April 2012 fell by 0.74% year-on-year to Rs. 1007 per square cent. According to the latest report, due to the surplus of cotton products in India, local farmers have suffered huge losses. During the fiscal year 2012-2013, India's domestic cotton production is expected to decline, and the decline rate is about 10%.
According to another report, with the end of the harvest season in the 2011-2012 fiscal year, the market for cotton on the domestic market has fallen. However, industry analysts said that in the long term, the price trend of the cotton contract trade may be bullish as the market volume on the market declines and the forecast production of India's domestic cotton in the financial year 2012-2013 falls.
It is understood that in the context of the lower cotton market prices in the 2011-2012 fiscal year, many local growers in India turned to the cultivation of oilseed crops, which eventually led to a reduction in the planting area of â€‹â€‹cotton crops. On the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), as of June 21, 2012, the price of cotton ** contract delivered in July 2012 fell by 4.22 cents to 78.95 cents per bushel. On the National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX) of India, as of June 21, 2012, the transaction price of cotton ** contract delivered in February 2012 fell by 2.06% year-on-year to 997 rupees per square cent.
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Organic fertilizers are eco-pleasant and pure, however are they at all times the best option to your gardening needs? The University of Tennessee Extension Service states that soil testing is probably the most reliable and environmentally sound technique available for determining amounts of lime and fertilizers to use.” To uncover what the soil in your yard, garden or area needs, contact your county extension agent.
For instance a nitrogenous natural fertilizer would mainly enhance the function of the nitrogenous bacteria present at the root nodules. Organic fertilizers are typically less expensive than inorganic options, and could also be accessible free of cost if you understand how and where to look. While this is not essentially a disadvantage as organic fertilizers are still better for the atmosphere, you will need to perceive precisely what you're buying when making a decision. There are three main classes of inorganic fertilizers based on three major forms of nutrients specifically: phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. To make a sensible, knowledgeable selection, you have to first understand the parts of typical inorganic fertilizers. Organic farm fertilizers in comparison with artificial fertilizers hold vitamins at the next capacity when applied to the soil.
They include up to 25-35% of phosphorus and if there is an ample amount of rainfall these fertilizers result in long rising and healthy plants. These fertilizers are considered gradual-launch as a result of it takes longer for soil microbes to release the nutrients so the plant can take in them. Fertilizers produced from organic materials comprise carbon and either a number of of the important plant nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. One distinct advantage of organic fertilizers is that they naturally include the best organic fertilizers matter that's helpful to both vegetation and soil. While each kinds of fertilizers benefit the growth and lifetime of your crops when used correctly, they can be highly detrimental to your vegetation when they're used improperly. To compensate the loss fertilizers are utilized to the soil, these fertilizers then provide the crops with all of the nutrients that they require. We hope this article has answered a few of your questions on natural fertilizers.


This is going to be a bit of a ramble.
Every year, starting in about June and ending in October, writing gets shoved to a back burner and I focus on putting by enough food to feed my family for the next year. From freezing fresh fruit by the caseload to canning, pickling and dehydrating, the goal is to make it through the lean months of winter with a wide variety of food. Some of it I grow myself, most of it I source from local farms and markets.
Canning season starts with asparagus, pickled in brine with my own blend of spices. It usually ends with apples and squash, both sauced. Once the last of the kale and chard has been picked and the herbs hung from the rafters in the basement to dry, the garden gets put to bed and I start making soups and stocks to warm us on chilly days.
I’m committed to keeping as much of our diet local as possible, but you can’t get fresh Alberta-grown apricots or pears in February, so I have to get enough for the year in summer, and find a way to preserve them. The amount of produce that moves through my kitchen during these months is astonishing, when you add it up. 210lbs of tomatoes. 100lbs of apples. 40lbs of corn. 80lbs of strawberries. 60lbs of blueberries. You get the idea.
I can’t remember if I’ve ever mentioned it on the blog before, but due to food sensitivities I can’t have dairy, gluten, eggs or almonds. This means virtually all processed foods are out for me, and I make everything from scratch. Without having all this stuff put by in the summer when prices are cheapest, I think my dietary restrictions would bring our grocery bill up to an amount that rivals our mortgage. And as a working mom it simplifies my life a thousandfold. Getting home from work at 6pm means I only have a short time to get dinner on the the table, so having safe and tasty spaghetti sauce ready to heat means all I have to do is cook the rice pasta.
But this is a blog about writing, right? Why the hell am I talking about canning? Well, because I see a lot of parallels between my path as a writer and my path as a canner. With both, I started out small and kind of fiddled around for awhile, trying different things out, reading lots of books, making lots of mistakes. With each new project I got a little bit better, started trying out different techniques and now I feel I’m rather good at both.
My now-not-so-secret desire is to one day write my own canning cookbook, featuring my original recipes, which will cause canning and writing to intersect even more directly in my life. It’s a few years off, but I’m starting to think about it, compile all my recipes and work on the ones that still need improvement. In the meantime, publishing my fiction is where most of my efforts are going to lie.
At the end of it all, whether I’m gazing at the hundreds of jars I’ve filled over the past few months, or reading the final page of my many-times-edited novel, the feeling I get from both is the same – accomplishment and a quiet sort of satisfaction. It’s worth all the work, the late nights, the tears, the bitter disappointments. It’s something I can be proud of.


Keeping plants, flowers, trees and shrubs in our garden in perfect health and appearance is not just a matter of giving you those care that seem most essential (and we only say ‘look’) like irrigation or pruning , which seem to have the more direct impact on its development.
And in the same way that our children need nutrients and food in addition to the hydration of water to develop in the best conditions, the specimens of our garden will also need to be enriched with these extra nutrients that they cannot receive completely from mother earth. Keep reading this Green Ecology article to learn about the benefits of organic fertilizer.
Why choose organic fertilizer:
Our plants need, ultimately, a nudge to the development that only chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers can provide. However, from here we recommend betting on the second option … The reasons? We leave you below:
- The organic fertilizer or compost used is a 100% natural product from animals, humans, plant residues of food or other organic and natural source and therefore with 0% of chemical inputs that will not harm the plants.
- The fertilizer is used to give a timely nutritional contribution to the needs of the plant at a given time (illness, requirements of the time of year, etc.) while the fertilizer serves to improve soil quality not only short but also long-term.
- They reuse organic matter to allow carbon fixation in the soil, so they are not toxic at all.
- Improves water absorption capacity.
- Generally they are produced in a homemade or local way and therefore they move from fairly close places, so they do not require too much energy for their manufacture or for transport. However, there are some very special ones that are brought from distant places (bat guano or sea birds, for example).
- Precisely because of its ingredients (waste) it is a very economical product.
Gardening is a physical activity of medium intensity. You can burn approximately 300 calories in one hour dedicated to the care of the plants. Complementing this practice with other physical activity, such as swimming or morning walks, is convenient to keep the body in better condition.
Strengthens muscles and joints:
By performing repetitive movements such as digging and cutting, the muscles and joints of the body regain their strength and natural elasticity. In addition, it is an excellent routine of cardiovascular exercise.
Increase the feeling of well-being:
Being surrounded by plants and flowers has a positive impact on your mood. Direct contact with soil, soil and other organic elements contributes to fewer cases of asthma and some allergies.
It improves the immune system:
By staying in an outdoor space you get a good dose of sunlight, which means a lot of vitamin D that helps the body properly absorb calcium, a mineral that strengthens bones and makes the immune system function more effective. For more information on organic gardening, you can also get in touch with an expert like Lenny Wong Toronto also known by the name Leonard Wong Toronto who is a business executive with more than 10 years of experience in the fields of organic gardening.


FAMITEC FARM IN OKINAWA
Yanbaru Agricultural Recycling Project for rejuvenation of the soil utilizing recycled resources.
Vision and Objective:
Japanese Agriculture must conform to meet the goals set by the GATT URAGUAY ROUND CONVENTION of April 1994 to be reached by the year 2000. The most important goal for improvement must be the rejuvenation of the soil by utilizing recycled resources.
Yanbaru Agricultural Recycling Project's primary objective is to establish a farm with soil enriched by compost from recycled waste collected locally from households and hospital left-over foods and processed into compost by technology developed at Noge Hospital. This project will be of immense help to the community as it will reduce the amount of waste delivered to the local incineration plant,which will extend its operational life and at the same time reducing the emission of dangerous and harmful toxic emissions which will destroy our environment.


During the last several years great advances have made irrigation systems both efficient & reasonably priced. Our systems are inconspicuous, low-maintenance and reliable. We can deliver just the right amount of water to every area of the garden: lawns, flowerbeds, shrubs, trees, and even planters & hanging pots.
Automatic irrigation is revolutionizing landscaping, ensuring healthy, robust plants and lawns. Free yourself from one more slavish task during the growing season. Save water and time, and reap the benefits of a thriving landscape.
We install two kinds of irrigation systems: Pop-ups (for lawns) and Drip (for gardens & containers).


TRANSFORMING AGRIBUSINESS TO SUSTAINABLE, ENTREPRENEURIAL, AND SMART AGRICULTURE
Sharpen your agribusiness skills and knowledge as an emerging farmer for improved employment, food security and household income.
The course will support the smallholder farmers to engage in competitive agricultural value chains, manage farmers groups/associations/cooperatives for profit-making, proper costing of agribusiness activities for meaningful and profitable agribusiness entrepreneurship and apply modern climate-smart agricultural practices for better yields.
- Gain skills in the application of climate-smart agricultural practices.
- Identify climate-smart agricultural practices in your communities.
- Learn how to increase market share for your agribusiness.
- Enhance the selection of competitive value chains for increased profits.
- Develop your understanding of the price-setting of agribusiness goods and services.
- Learn how to reduce exploitation among contracted farmers.
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN
- Climate Smart Agricultural practices.
- Agriculture Economics and Entrepreneurship.
- Management of Cooperatives.
- Value Chain Development.
- Inclusive Contract Farming.
- Processing Economics.
- Extension Services for Investments.
WHO THE COURSE IS FOR
Farmer's commercial groups (Associations, Cooperatives)
Agribusiness supporting players such as NGOs, the Private sector as well as public officers such as extension staff


Whether you planted them yourself, or were lucky enough to find them on a property you purchased, the trees in your yard are a treasure you want to protect. Unfortunately, the vast majority of homeowners don't really know how to properly care for their trees, and often rely on popular myths and misconceptions they learned from friends and neighbors. Help ensure your trees receive the care they require to thrive by learning about a few of the most common myths:
All Trees Have Deep Root Systems
If you have massive trees in your yard, you might assume that they have deep root systems that require deep waterings. However, for tree roots to grow deep into the ground, the soil must be loose, feature good drainage and provide the system with enough oxygen and water to thrive.
There are several species of trees that feature a taproot, which is a main root that grows vertically into the ground. However, in most cases, tree roots will actually remain quite shallow, and instead of growing down, the root system will actually grow outward. This is because typically, all the moisture and nutrients the roots require is found in the top layers of the soil.
According to Gardener's Supply Company, the root system found on the majority of mature trees don't grow below a depth of between 12 to 18 inches. To provide your mature trees with an adequate amount of moisture, it's best to water each to a depth of around 10 inches. Watering the tree from the trunk outward toward the edge of the canopy will ensure that the tree's entire root system gets a healthy drink.
You Can Never Overwater a Tree
Keeping your tree's healthy requires providing them with deep waterings every few days or weeks, depending on the species. You want to make sure that the tree gets enough water, so you simply turn on your sprinkler or soaker hose and allow the ground to become significantly saturated. After all, you can't overwater a tree, right?
Unfortunately, this myth is very common and potentially devastating. If you overwater your trees, it can lead to a condition called root rot. When trees are provided with too much water, the roots will begin to decay and rot. This issue is especially common in lawns that feature poor drainage.
To avoid root rot, don't provide your trees with water if there has been sufficient rainfall, or if the ground is saturated to a depth of a few inches.
You Should Always Stake Your Newly-Planted Trees
Another common myth about tree care is that to provide a sapling or young tree with the support it needs to survive, you must always attach the narrow trunk to a stake. Unfortunately, if you stake a young tree that doesn't require the extra support, it can lead to trunk damage, and could prevent the tree and its root system from growing and thriving.
If the young tree features a small, underdeveloped root ball that won't support the trunk, if you live in an area that is prone to adverse weather and heavy winds or if the tree's crown is heavy and the tree is beginning to tip over, it is acceptable to attach the trunk to a stake. However, this should be a temporary arrangement and you should remove the stake once the tree is established and able to easily support itself.
Correctly caring for the young and mature trees on your property is critical. If you aren't sure how to provide the trees with the care they require, or if you have any additional questions, don't hesitate to contact an arborist in your area via resources like http://www.prtree.com.


True fir (Abies spp.) susceptibility to Phytophthora root rot incited by Phytophthora cactorum or P. drechsleri [2009-2010]
I tested the susceptibilities of Fraser (Abies fraseri), Canaan (A. balsamea var. phanerolepis), and Nordmann fir (A. nordmanniana) to Phytophthora root rot incited by Phytophthora cactorum or P. drechsleri in a greenhouse experiment in 2009 and an outdoor experiment in raised planting boxes in 2010. Inoculum for the experiments was cultured on rice. Following the experiments roots of diseased and dead plants were plated to detect Phytophthora.
A manuscript based upon this study is currently being developed.


Keeping it Clean!
The Mossbank district is the home of a grain cleaning operation, part of The Jolly Farm. Seed cleaning is an important service to farmers throughout southern Saskatchewan. The cleaners utilize specialized equipment such as air screeners, separators and vibratory conveyors to remove other materials from grain and seeds. Grain and seed cleaning is an important because by removing unwanted materials from grain, these products will have a higher value than grain contaminated with straws, chaff, weed seeds, soil, rubbish, and other non-grain materials. Cleaning also improves the storability of grain, reduces dockage at time of milling, improves milling output and quality, reduces damage by disease and improves yields. Currently, Dave Gibson manages The Jolly Farm cleaning services.
Mossbank’s Old Wives Lake Mobile Grain Cleaning, as the name implies, provides farmers with seed cleaning services right at their own farm. For more information on this company contact 1-306-354-2446.


A visit to the Slow Coast would not be complete without a stay in Munken (“the Donut”), located northwest of Tomelilla in beautiful Onslunda. Its shape—round, with a large circular cavity in the middle—is symbolic of an idea that shaped the economy of the region: donut economics.
In the early 2020s, most people had a sense that the current economic model was broken: inequality was rampant, the soil was bleeding, and things that seemed almost to be defined by their utter lack of utility garnered massive media interest and financial backing. (Remember the crypto-craze? Ask your grandparents!). However, a shared appreciation of the problem didn’t necessarily help with the corollary question: what should replace this broken model?
One idea—originally proposed by a British economist, Kate Raworth, recently knighted by King William—was that the economy ought to be guided by two overarching principles: it should operate within the safe “carrying capacity” of the planet, while fulfilling everyone’s basic needs. By drawing the planetary boundaries as the outer circle and the social foundations as the inner, Raworth ended up with the eponymous donut.
In a move that surprised many familiar with the region, the small municipality of Tomelilla became one of the first in Sweden to attempt to implement this economic vision within its borders. The easy communicability of the image—every Swede knows what shape a donut is, after all—helped them garner support from local businesses and politicians. However, the agricultural sector was not keen on this new direction, realizing that the doughnut would threaten their established (and profitable) operating model: large fields containing monocultural crops in rotation, heavily fertilized and showered with pesticides to produce maximum volume. The farmers argued that this was the only way to fulfill the social need for nutritious food for all of the planet’s inhabitants—though the mountain of debt they had accrued in purchasing equipment, amplified by ever-shrinking margins, would have made their holding any other position rather difficult.
Given their centrality to the local economy, the farmers’ resistance was a big blow to the project. But the farming community was not a monolith, and younger farmers, increasingly disillusioned with conventional agricultural practices, were keen to turn to regenerative agriculture: farming that improved the environment while still producing food. Chief among this group were four farmers who co-owned a farm outside of Onslunda. Through a combination of no-till agriculture, the planting of cover-crops, and agroforestry, they managed to increase the amount of food grown on their land while also providing new habitats for birds, insects, and reptiles, they also sequestered much more carbon by paying attention to soil health.
As the years passed, the Onslunda farmers—and those brave enough to follow their lead—fared much better financially than the big operators, as well as enjoying a more convivial relationship with the soil. They replaced chemical inputs with human labor, provided much-needed jobs for local people, survived droughts and floods, and eventually became the main beneficiaries of the new agricultural subsidy reform. As the cost of petrochemical inputs soared in the wake of the wars, conventional agriculture—already struggling with ever-slimming margins throughout the 2020s—became a losing business; when the government offered to write off debt on equipment in exchange for a transition to regenerative agriculture, many accepted. Nowadays, food production in Tomelilla municipality exists on a spectrum, from the (slightly mad) farmers of Onslunda, to a few stubborn veterans who, having reluctantly retired their pesticides, still maintain large fields of mainly wheat, sugarbeets, and rapeseed.
It was around the time of the subsidy reform that, flushed with success and pride—and, one must presume, with a number of alcoholic beverages—the four farmers of Onslunda decided to manifest their vision in architecture. It’s quite a sight to behold: the sections of the donut most exposed to the sun are made of glass and used as greenhouses, while the other sections are clad in a mix of hay and local clay, serving as storage and housing. The canny observer will note that these buildings seem only to constitute half of a donut… but the structure is actually mirrored below ground, where a massive root cellar is used to store the vegetables, onions, cheese and fruit that the farm produces during the summer and autumn.
You can stay at Munken as a working guest: bring comfortable clothes (and a sun-hat or raincoat, depending on the season), because you pay for your stay by working the fields! Depending on the season, you may find yourself picking apples, stirring compost, or moving the chicken tractor; what you’ll do is far less than what was once a standard day’s work on a farm, but you’ll contribute enough to feel that you’ve earned a nice cool beverage in the shade. The local cider, when in season, is much recommended—but go easy, it can sneak up on you when you’re tired out from a day in the fields!


Believe it or not, there are many applications of a small-scale egg tray making machine that you may not have thought about. If you’re struggling to come up with different ideas for selling your trays, have a look at some of the places you could sell your trays listed below.
Egg trays are created to hold eggs, right? If you said yes, then you’re on the right track.
What you may not have thought about though is the fact that more and more people are trying to find locally sourced food rather than getting their food simply from the grocery store and not knowing exactly where it is coming from.
For this reason, local farmers are producing more eggs than ever before and thus needing more egg trays than they have in the past.
One thing that local farmers like to do is save a little bit of money and you can certainly step in and help them out by providing them with their own egg trays to sell their eggs inside of. That’s why egg tray machine China is becoming popular.
You can take this a step further and order custom printed stickers to go on your trays and ultimately increase the price of your trays while giving local farmers the ability to brand their products.
Selling To Greenhouses
Another great use of paper-based egg trays is seedling starter pots. Since the trays are made from paper, they’re very biodegradable and can be filled with a little bit of potting soil to make the perfect seedling starter pots.
Once seedlings have taken root, egg trays can be cut apart and planted so that the fragile root system of the seedling is not disturbed. The paper will break apart quickly and allow for the seedling to grow to full maturity in normal soil.
Since they make such great seedling pots, selling your egg trays to greenhouses or local gardeners is a surefire way to expand your business. Moreover, Beston Machinery can produce pulp molding machines, such as seedling tray manufacturing machine and fruit tray machine as well.
Cheap Packing Material
Paper egg trays are very strong but also very flexible. On top of that, they’re also very lightweight. Thanks to these characteristics, they make a great alternative to styrofoam packing peanuts for shipping products. Since they are such great shipping material, if you’re trying to sell more egg trays, you can approach businesses that offer shipping services. So there is a wide application for paper pulp forming machine.
Begin with local shipping companies and expand to retailers who ship frequently, antique stores and other companies that sell glassware’s, and even run an ad online and in your local paper selling packing materials to local people who are selling products on eBay or Amazon.
With the rise in Internet shopping, you may be surprised at just how many people want to take you up on your offer for selling an inexpensive and biodegradable alternative to packing peanuts for their shipping needs.
As you can see above, there are more than just a few uses for paper egg trays. If you’re considering purchasing an egg tray making machine with dryer and wondering exactly what some of the applications of a small egg tray machine may be, hopefully now you have a much better understanding of a few of the many great ways you could use an egg tray machine to create your own home-based business.


REFRIGERATE IT: Yes
AT FRESHEST: Carrots, 2 weeks, a few months in a root cellar environment; carrot tops, 2 days
OPTIMAL STORAGE: Do not wash until ready to use. Store in a breathable bag in the high-humidity drawer or submerged in water on a shelf of the refrigerator. Store cut carrots in water in the refrigerator. Separate green leafy tops, if present, from the roots, leaving 1 in/2.5 cm of stem on the carrots (otherwise, the tops will draw moisture away from the carrots). The green tops can be stored in a breathable bag in the high-humidity drawer and used like fresh herbs to add color and flavor to dishes.
FREEZING: Remove tops, wash, blanch, cool, chop or purée, and pack into an airtight container. Raw carrots can also be shredded and frozen in zip-top freezer bags and used for baking.
USE IT UP/REVIVAL: Carrots do not need to be peeled, just washed carefully; however, peeling does remove some bitterness.
Bruised, browning, or damaged carrots can be salvaged by peeling away the external layers and removing the damaged pieces with a paring knife.
The whitish coloring that appears on cut carrots is simply dehydration.
Revive limp carrots by placing them in an ice bath in the refrigerator for 1 hour.
Limp carrots can be used in soups and stews and stocks. Carrot tops are great additions to soups and stews, or even floral arrangements.


Cuvelier Los Andes Rose 2018 - Rose
Today the vineyard of Cuvelier Los Andes stretches over 55 hectares (136 acres) with 10 hectares still to plant. Our vineyards seem to have found a privileged place on this terrain of alluvial stones and sands, basking in the warm, dry climate of Mendoza, cooled by the refreshing night air of the Andes, our vines are ideally situated to express the character of their various grape varieties in this stony, alluvial gravel soil. Faithful to it’s French origins, Cuvelier Los Andes created this Rosé with the goal of producing a Côtes de Provence-style Rosé but with 100% Malbec. Using same Malbec grape growing on same terroir, creating a different expression of Malbec. This direct press Rosé is fresh and balanced with intense floral aromatics.
This very attractive rose has a beautiful pale salmon color with pink hues. Full of pleasurable sensations transporting effusive notes of citrus, Provençal flowers and fresh fruit such as apricots and peach. Mouth: Medium-intensity with impressively fresh and juicy, crisp finish and easy to drink. Very inviting to drink.
Rosé wine and sunshine go hand-in-hand, and are tailor-made for the sort of aperitif that can allow you to sit back and watching the world go by on an early summer evening. It’s ideal to sip together with tapenade or a salade Niçoise, a saffron paella while forking bite after bite of calamari. Also a match made in heaven when it comes to grilled fish, fresh greens or chicken. But also a delicious wine to enjoy with sushi, light snacks and goats’ cheeses. Drink your Rosé now- who knows what tomorrow will bring!!!


As a gardener, dealing with pests is an inevitable part of the job. Two common pests that often wreak havoc on plants are aphids and whiteflies. While they may seem alike at first glance, there are several distinguishing characteristics that set them apart.
In this section, we will explore the key differences between aphids and whiteflies, helping you identify these insects and effectively deal with them in your garden. We’ll delve into their physical appearance, feeding habits, life cycles, and the damage they can cause to plants. By the end of this section, you’ll have a comprehensive understanding of these common garden pests.
- Distinguishing characteristics exist between aphids and whiteflies, two common garden pests
- Understanding the differences between aphids and whiteflies can aid in pest management
- Physical appearance, feeding habits, life cycles, and plant damage are key factors for identifying and controlling these pests
What Are Aphids?
Aphids are small, sap-sucking insects that are commonly found in gardens and on crops. They range in size from 1 to 10 millimeters and come in a variety of colors, including green, yellow, black, and brown. They have a pear-shaped body with long antennae and two short tubes called cornicles on their back end.
One of the reasons aphids are so damaging is because they reproduce quickly. Female aphids are capable of producing up to 12 offspring per day without mating, which can lead to infestations in a short amount of time.
Aphids use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to feed on the sap of plants, which can cause stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and distorted flowers or fruit. They also excrete a sticky substance called honeydew, which can attract other pests like ants and mold.
Physical Characteristics of Aphids
|Green, yellow, black, brown
|Two short tubes on back end
Aphids are often confused with other insects, such as whiteflies, due to their small size and similar feeding behavior. However, their physical characteristics, particularly their pear-shaped body and cornicles, help distinguish them from other pests.
Aphids vs Whiteflies: Differences and Similarities
“While aphids and whiteflies both feed on plant sap, they have distinct physical differences and behavior. Aphids have a pear-shaped body with long antennae and two short tubes called cornicles on their back end. Whiteflies, on the other hand, have a more oval-shaped body, with white wings and a cloud of white dust that appears when they are disturbed.”
Overall, aphids are a common and destructive pest that can cause significant damage to plants. By understanding their physical characteristics, feeding habits, and lifecycle, you can take steps to prevent and control infestations.
What Are Whiteflies?
Whiteflies are small, winged insects that belong to the family Aleyrodidae. Like aphids, they are sap-sucking pests that can cause significant damage to plants. However, there are some key differences between whiteflies and aphids.
One major difference is in their physical appearance. While aphids have a more elongated body shape and can be various colors, whiteflies are typically small, white or yellowish insects with a distinctive powdery appearance. They also have wings that are held parallel to their body when at rest, whereas aphids have wings that are typically folded over their back.
Another difference is in their lifecycle. Whiteflies have a similar lifecycle to aphids in that they undergo a complete metamorphosis, with egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. However, whiteflies tend to produce fewer generations per year than aphids, typically producing two to three generations in a season depending on the climate.
Despite their differences, whiteflies can cause similar damage to plants as aphids can. They can weaken plants, stunt growth, and transmit plant diseases. The signs of whitefly infestation are similar to those of aphids, including the presence of sticky honeydew, black sooty mold, and yellowing or wilting leaves.
Similarities and Distinctions Between Aphids and Whiteflies
While there are some clear differences between aphids and whiteflies, there are also some similarities and overlapping characteristics to be aware of. Both pests feed on plant sap, excrete honeydew, and can transmit plant viruses. They also share some natural enemies, such as ladybugs and lacewings, that can help control infestations.
However, there are some key distinctions to keep in mind as well. For example, whiteflies tend to be more difficult to control than aphids due to their ability to disperse quickly and reproduce rapidly.
In summary, while there are similarities and distinctions between aphids and whiteflies, it is important to understand their unique characteristics in order to effectively manage infestations and protect your plants.
Physical Differences Between Aphids and Whiteflies
Aphids and whiteflies are two common garden pests that can be challenging to identify. However, there are several key physical differences between them that can help distinguish one from the other.
Firstly, aphids are generally smaller than whiteflies, measuring around 1-10 mm in length. In contrast, whiteflies are slightly larger, measuring around 1-3 mm in length. This size difference can be useful in identifying which pest you’re dealing with.
Secondly, aphids have soft and plump bodies that range in color from green to brown, yellow, and black. They have two pairs of wings, but not all species have wings or use them for flying. Whiteflies, on the other hand, have flat and triangular-shaped bodies that are typically white or light yellow. They also have distinctive white wings that are held in a tent-like formation over their bodies when they’re at rest.
Another distinguishing feature between aphids and whiteflies is their antennae. Aphids have curved antennae that are shorter than their bodies. Whiteflies, on the other hand, have straight antennae that are longer than their bodies.
Lastly, the feeding behavior of aphids and whiteflies can also differ. Aphids are known for piercing leaves and stems with their mouthparts to suck out the sap of the plant. In contrast, whiteflies feed by using their piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract plant sap while excreting honeydew on the leaves, which can attract ants and cause sooty mold.
|Soft and Plump
|Flat and Triangular
|Green, Brown, Yellow, or Black
|White or Light Yellow
|Two pairs, not all species use them for flying
|Distinctive white wings held tent-like over their bodies
|Curved and shorter than body
|Straight and longer than body
|Pierce leaves and stems to suck sap
|Use piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract sap and excrete honeydew on leaves
Understanding the physical differences between aphids and whiteflies is essential for identifying which pest you have. Once you know which pest you’re dealing with, you can take effective measures to control or eradicate them.
Feeding Habits and Plant Damage
Aphids and whiteflies are similar in their feeding habits, but they cause different types of damage to plants. Aphids use their sharp, straw-like mouthparts to pierce plant tissues and suck out the sap. This results in wilting, stunted growth, yellowing, and curling of leaves. They also secrete a sticky, sweet substance called honeydew, which attracts ants and promotes the growth of sooty mold on leaves.
Whiteflies, on the other hand, feed on plant sap by puncturing the leaves and stems, causing them to turn yellow and wilt. They also excrete honeydew, which attracts ants and promotes the growth of sooty mold. In addition, whiteflies are known to transmit viruses to plants, which can lead to severe damage and reduced crop yields.
To identify the differences in plant damage caused by these pests, carefully examine the affected plants for signs of infestation. Aphids tend to gather on the undersides of leaves, while whiteflies can be found on both the upper and lower surfaces of leaves. If you spot any honeydew or sooty mold, it’s likely that aphids or whiteflies are present.
It’s important to take measures to control aphids and whiteflies before they cause irreversible damage to your plants. This may involve using natural predators, such as ladybugs and lacewings, or applying insecticidal soap or neem oil to affected plants. By identifying the differences in feeding habits and plant damage, you can take steps to effectively manage aphids and whiteflies in your garden.
Lifecycle and Reproduction
Both aphids and whiteflies are known for their rapid reproductive abilities, making it crucial to understand their lifecycles to effectively control their populations.
Aphids have a complex lifecycle, which includes both sexual and asexual reproduction. Females can give birth to live young without mating, allowing for a speedy population increase. However, sexual reproduction also occurs in the fall, leading to the production of overwintering eggs, which hatch in the spring.
Whiteflies, on the other hand, have a simpler lifecycle that includes only sexual reproduction. Females lay their eggs on the undersides of plant leaves, and the young nymphs emerge to feed on the plants. The entire lifecycle can be completed in as little as three weeks, allowing for numerous generations per year.
Overall, while both aphids and whiteflies have the potential to reproduce quickly, the methods of reproduction differ. Aphids can reproduce both sexually and asexually, while whiteflies reproduce solely through sexual reproduction. Understanding these differences can aid in implementing effective control measures.
In conclusion, understanding the difference between aphids and whiteflies is essential for effective pest control in your garden. While both pests can cause significant damage to plants, they have distinct characteristics and behaviors that require different approaches for control.
Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that feed on plant sap and can reproduce rapidly, leading to widespread infestations. They can cause stunted growth, curling leaves, and the spread of viral diseases among plants.
Whiteflies, on the other hand, are tiny, winged insects that feed on plant sap and lay their eggs on the underside of leaves. They can cause yellowing and wilting of leaves, as well as the spread of viral diseases.
By identifying the distinguishing characteristics of aphids and whiteflies, such as their physical appearance, feeding habits, and lifecycle, you can implement targeted control measures. Some effective methods for control include natural predators, insecticidal soap, and reflective mulch.
With this knowledge in hand, you can safeguard your plants from infestations and keep your garden thriving. Remember to regularly monitor your plants for signs of aphids and whiteflies and take action at the first sign of an infestation. Become a green thumb guru and protect your garden from these pesky pests!
Q: What are the main differences between aphids and whiteflies?
A: Aphids and whiteflies have different physical characteristics, feeding habits, and life cycles. Understanding these differences is important for effective pest management.
Q: What do aphids look like?
A: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that come in various colors, including green, black, brown, and red. They have long antennae and may or may not have wings.
Q: What do whiteflies look like?
A: Whiteflies are tiny, winged insects that are usually white or yellow in color. They have a powdery appearance and can be easily identified by their distinct jumping behavior when disturbed.
Q: How do aphids and whiteflies feed?
A: Aphids feed by piercing plant tissue and sucking out the sap. Whiteflies feed by sucking plant sap directly from the leaves.
Q: What kind of damage do aphids and whiteflies cause to plants?
A: Aphids can cause stunted growth, distorted leaves, and the transmission of plant diseases. Whiteflies can cause leaf yellowing, reduced plant vigor, and the secretion of sticky honeydew.
Q: What is the life cycle of aphids?
A: Aphids have a complex life cycle that involves both sexual and asexual reproduction. They can reproduce rapidly, with each generation producing live offspring without the need for mating.
Q: What is the life cycle of whiteflies?
A: Whiteflies go through a four-stage life cycle: egg, nymph, pupa, and adult. They lay their eggs on the undersides of leaves, and the nymphs emerge and feed on the plant sap before maturing into adults.


Production. Convert grams Ammonium Nitrate to moles or moles Ammonium Nitrate to grams. Question: What Is The Percentage Of Nitrogen, By Mass, In Calcium Nitrate? When dissolved, boil rapidly for 1 minute, transfer the solution to a 250ml plastic beaker, and cool in ice water. 1 Answer Molecular weight calculation: 14.0067 + 1.00794*4 + 14.0067 + 15.9994*3 ›› Percent composition by element. The relative formula mass (Mr) of potassium nitrate is 101. Volatilisation of nitrogen from CAN is negligible, therefore the timing of the applications is flexible Calcium Ammonium Nitrate can be considered as near-neutral in its effect on soil pH - and therefore can be used on soils that have a low pH without lowering further. The tomatoes can also be watered by hand for outdoor gardens. Therefore, 1 mole of magnesium nitrate has a mass of 148.3148g. Next: Differentiate an Ornament from Jewellery. A. Green Soil is 1% water soluble and releases only in response to plants roots citrate acid. Post an Answer. sharon kalunda answered the question on August 5, 2019 at 13:41. The reason for this conversion is that nitrate molecule weighs 62 grams per mole; the nitrogen content of nitrate is 22.5% of the total weight of the molecule. Yellow CdS pigment is prepared by reacting ammonium sulfide with cadmium nitrate. Calculate the percentage of by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate Nh4 No3 63,417 results, page 10 science. Relative atomic masses (Ar): N = 14; O = 16; K = 39 39 / 101 [1 mark] 38.6 or 40 [2 marks] ( 2 marks) 1 (b) A metal oxide has a relative formula mass (Mr) of 81. Pounds N/acre foot. Nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3-N) Nitrate (NO 3) 4.43. Correct Answer: Option C = 17.1%. 8.5% B. ›› Ammonium Nitrate molecular weight. 13.1% C. 17.1% D. 27.6%. For Calcium: 120.234 / 278.174 x 100 = 43.222% Calcium. This problem has been solved! 0.052. Procedure: Transfer 1.0gm of Calcium Citrate to a 100ml beaker, add 10ml of water and, while stirring, 10ml of 1N hydrochloric acid. To determine. Calculate the percentage by mass of potassium in potassium nitrate. Total Nitrogen (N) Ammoniacal nitrogen (N) Nitrogen Nitrate (N) Nitrogen in form of urea (amide) (N) Neutral ammonium citrate soluble phosphate (P 2 O 5). Which step in the nitrogen cycle is accelerated at . When to Use Calcium Nitrate. (a) 8.54%, (b) 17.1%, (c) 13.7%, (d) 24.4%, (e) 82.9%.” is broken down into a number of easy to follow steps, and 34 words. Nitrogen content of irrigation water* Water content of . Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and trisodium phosphate were used as calcium and phosphorus precursors for the synthesis of n-HA using sol–gel precipitation technique. RFM of calcium nitrate =164 mass of nitrogen=28 =28x100/164 = 17.07%. So, % of Mg = … For Oxygen: 95.994 / 278.174 x 100 = 34.509 % … Great! Ammonium nitrate (is mixed with limestone) is not used as fertiliser as such, because Vapor phase reaction of ammonia & nitric acid to produce ammonium nitrate is termed as the _____ process. Flowers pretreated with 0.125 M calcium nitrate appeared translucent or water-soaked after 5 days at -4 °C. asked Oct 27, 2018 in Chemistry by Samantha (38.8k points) Which one has the highest percentage of nitrogen? Calculate the percentage of by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate Nh4 No3 . In Chemistry 4 Answers Available Asked by Bassy2 on 6th March, 2014 To get notifications when anyone posts a new answer to this question, Follow New Answers. jee; jee mains; Share It On Facebook Twitter Email. See the answer. What percent of a sample of nitrogen must be allowed to escape if its temperature, pressure and volume are to be changed from 2 7 3 o C, 3. Please don't post or ask to join a "Group" or "Whatsapp Group" as a comment. 741 views. Which organisms are capable of converting gaseous nitrogen in the air into a form that other living organisms can use? Reletiv atomic mass: N = 14. Can you explain this answer? 6 5 L to 0 o C, 0. It will be deleted. 3. 2 Answers +1 vote . Molar mass of NH4NO3 = 80.04336 g/mol. Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in calcium trioxonitrate (V) [Ca = 40, N = 14, O = 16] by Sunday | Oct 11 | Chemistry JAMB | 0 comments. (a) Nitrate group of fertilizers are soluble in water and hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the atmosphere to become sticky). Calcium nitrate soln (0.5, 0.25 M), alone or in combination with sucrose, were toxic to stem and flower (carnation) tissue prior to freezing. Element : Symbol : Atomic Mass # of Atoms : Mass Percent: Hydrogen: H: 1.00794: 4: 5.037%: Nitrogen: N: 14.0067: 2: … Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in calcium trioxonitrate(v)? PPM NO 3. Round your answer to three significant figures. Potassium nitrate is another nitrogen compound. The term "calcium ammonium nitrate" is applied to multiple different, but closely related formulations. Fifty percent of the total nitrogen comes from urea, the other 50 percent from ammonium nitrate, resulting in 25 percent NO 3 -, 25 percent NH 4 + and 50 percent urea. The formula of this metal oxide is XO. PPM N0 3-N. 0.23. Calcium nitrate, also called Norgessalpeter (Norwegian saltpeter), is an inorganic compound with the formula Ca(NO 3) 2. Answers. Using the same principle, 1 mole of oxygen, nitrogen, and magnesium all have masses equal to their molar mass. It is best to do a soil test first, as excess calcium can also lead to problems.The idea is to find a balance of nutrients for each particular crop. (a) Calcium nitrate (b) Ammonium sulphate (c) Urea (d) Ammonium nitrate. Water To find percent composition of each element, divide the mass of each element (remember to multiply the molar mass by the number of moles of element) by the total mass of Mg(NO3)2. Example: use commercial calcium nitrate to supply 100 ppm N. 100 mg/L (ppm) N / %N 100 mg/L N / 0.155 [this is the percent N in calcium nitrate] = 645. mg of calcium nitrate in 1 L of water. Answer to: What is the percent composition of nitrogen in silver nitrate? Ammonium nitrate fertilizer contains a very high percentage of nitrogen and has a rating of 34-0-0, indicating that if a fertilizer contains only ammonium nitrate, it will consist of 34% nitrogen. This results in rapid as well as permanent effect. The formula for sodium nitrate is NaNO3, showing that each formula unit contains one sodium atom, one nitrogen atom, and three oxygen atoms. Material. Calcium nitrate contains 26.5 percent of calcium and the 15.5 of the percentage is nitrate nitrogen. Answered -     are the options of mcq question Nitrogen content of calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) is _____ percent realted topics , Chemical Engineering, Fertiliser Technology topics with 0 Attempts, 0 % Average Score, 2 Topic Tagged and 0 People Bookmarked this question which was asked on Nov 27, 2018 04:27 The answer to “Calculating Percentage CompositionCalculate the percentage of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (by mass) in C12H22O11.What is the percentage of nitrogen, by mass, in calcium nitrate? 5 5 L. vaporises at normal temperature. This fertilizer is also suitable for use in greenhouses where there is drip irrigation. 0.62. Many growers automatically side dress or top dress their calcium sensitive crops with calcium nitrate. Nitrogen content of calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) is _____ percent. ⇒ Which of the following nitrogenous fertilisers has the highest percentage of nitrogen ? PPM NO 3. A 1 M calcium nitrate solution was added slowly and stirred into a 0.6 M trisodium phosphate solution. 7 5 a t m and 0. Calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) contains 27 % N and 20 % of ground limestone. This colourless salt absorbs moisture from the air and is commonly found as a tetrahydrate. To calculate how many mg needed per 1 L of water divide the target value by the percent of the element. It is used in fertilizers. is a nitrogen fertiliser which contains equal parts of fast acting nitrate-nitrogen and longer lasting ammonium-nitrogen. Amide Fertilizers. Calcium ammonium nitrate or CAN, also known as nitro-limestone or nitrochalk, is a widely used inorganic fertilizer, accounting for 4% of all nitrogen fertilizer used worldwide in 2007. Nitrate and Ammonium Fertilizers 4. What mass of CdS can be prepared by mixing 2.50 L of a 1.25 M Cd(NO3)2 solution with an excess of (NH4)2S? To find percent of each one, divide amount of the type present by the total. The fertilizer is applied after the tomatoes plants have been planted into the ground. 1. Nitrogen is half in the nitrate form and half in the ammoniacal form. For Phosphorus: 61.946 / 278.174 x 100 = 22.269 % Phosphorus. That’s because Earth’s atmosphere is nearly 80 percent nitrogen. The granulation of this fertilizer ensures a quick and exact dosing. Nitrogen concentration ranges from 28 percent nitrogen to 32 percent nitrogen (more dilute in regions with colder winter temperatures). Cd(NO3)2 + (NH4)2S ---> CdS + 2NH4NO3 Could someone give me a step Chemistry The Mole Concept Percent Composition. Record your answer in the spaces provided. (1 point) nitrogen-fixing bacteria denitrifying bacteria decomposers producers 2. Which one has the highest percentage of nitrogen? The production of ammonium nitrate fertilizer is a complicated process. Previous: Explain any 4 factors that should be considered in designing ornaments. Sep 09,2020 - Calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) is a popular nitrogen fertilizer because it isa)slow supplier of nitrogen.b)having more percentage of nitrogen in it.c)fixing the nitrogen in the soil.d)capable of making the soil acidic.Correct answer is option 'A'. Green Soil fertilizer is derived from Green Soil Solution, a patented technology that mines nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, calcium, magnesium & sulfur along with all the trace elements, in a pure crystal granule of 4-2mm. | EduRev Defence Question is disucussed on EduRev Study Group by 188 Defence Students. It has the formula KNO3 The Mr of potassium nitrates is 101 Calculate the percentage of nitrogen by mass in potassium nitrate. What is the percentage of nitrogen, by mass, in calcium nitrate? Each crystal carries out the same percentage of nutrients. Nitrate Fertilizers: Of the nitrate fertilizers the most common in use is sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate. In our case calcium nitrate contains 15.5% nitrogen. Chemistry. Nitrogenous Fertilizers: Type # 1. It is mainly used as a component in fertilizers but has other applications. Calcium nitrate alone offered no protection at -4 °C. Multiply by . Help Pleasee! Importance of Nitrogen in Fertilizers. (a) Calcium nitrate ← Prev Question Next Question → 0 votes . X is not the correct symbol for the metal. 0 0 a t m, and 1. Determine the percent by mass of nitrogen in calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2. Calcium nitrate Calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) Urea Ammonium sulphate ⇒ Though liquid ammonia itself is a fertiliser (with 82% nitrogen content) yet it is commonly not used as such in a tropical country like India, because it has a pungent smell. What is the percentage composition of ammonium nitrate, #NH_4NO_3#? Pounds N/acre inch . Tomatoes, apples and peppers are examples of crops that may benefit from calcium nitrate applications. Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in calcium nitrate. Plants are bathed in nitrogen continuously just as we are.
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Ingenio Cristóbal Colón produces 141 thousand tons of sugar, its second consecutive record harvest
During the 2017-2018 harvest, the Ingenio Cristóbal Colón sugar mill set a new production record for the second year in a row. For the harvest that ended on July 16, 2018, production was 141,000 metric tons, an increase of around 7 percent and 9,200 tons over the previous year’s record production of 131,816 metric tons.
This achievement is one of the goals established in CAEI’s (Consorcio Azucarero de Empresas Industriales) strategic value plan, which also highlights its operating philosophy, based on being an environmentally, socially and economically sustainable organization. The company has also been certified under various standards including ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS, Bonsucro and ProTerra.
CAEI Executive Vice President Alberto Potes thanked all stakeholders for their work in achieving a second record harvest. According to Mr. Potes, the record 141,000 metric ton production was based on “research and continuous improvement.” For instance, during the 2017-18 harvest, the company put into operation a refined sugar station equipped with the latest technology, as well as a second cooling tower for the closed water circuit. He also indicated that during the 2017-18 sugar harvest, the Ingenio Cristóbal Colón sugar mill employed around 5,500 people from neighboring areas, covering 12 municipalities and contributing significantly to the socio-economic stability of the region and the country.
Following the harvest’s conclusion, the company will be carrying out its annual post-harvest health services initiative for all agricultural employees and their families. In addition, the company will soon be paying out annual bonus amounts to workers and employees.


Everyone is familiar with the apple, banana, and orange, but what about the pomelo, rambutan, and cherimoya? These are three weird and exotic fruits from around the world. They aren’t commonly seen in America but are staples in many diets in various parts of Asia, Central America, and South America.
Perhaps one of the weirdest looking plants on the planet, the rambutan is a tropical fruit grown primarily in Malaysia and Indonesia. Its name comes from a word in the local language that translates to hair. It earned this name because it is covered in a large number of soft spikes that resemble a head of hair.
This fruit has spread throughout many parts of Asia, Africa and even, Central America. There are also a small number of rambutan plants growing in India. Some determined gardeners have even managed to grow these fruit trees in America. They grow best in climates that stay between 71 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit.
The fruit is usually red on the outside. Once the leathery skin is peeled away the white, egg-shaped core remains. In terms of taste, it is often compared to a grape. The fruit features a pleasant combination of sweet and sour.
Rambutan is widely regarded for its many health benefits. It is high in iron content as well as manganese, calcium, and Vitamin C. It also has useful antioxidant properties.
Scientifically known as Citrus maxima, the pomelo is the largest citrus fruit in the world. It greatly resembles a large grapefruit in some ways, which is thought to be a hybrid of the pomelo and the orange. It is slightly larger and much sweeter than the grapefruit. It can grow anywhere between 6 and 10 inches in diameter.
This fruit was originally grown in Southeast Asia. It is often covered in salt and eaten raw in those areas. It’s also a popular staple of many salads, drinks, and desserts.
Though it looks similar to a grapefruit, it is not nearly as bitter as its relative. However, the internal membrane that surrounds the segments can be pretty bitter and is rarely eaten. The skin is often used in various recipes as well, including marmalade and candies.
The fruit has since been introduced to various other parts of the world. It is thought to have traveled to Japan around 1772. It was brought to Jamaica nearly a century prior to that.
Native to South America, the cherimoya is an exotic fruit that Mark Twain claimed to be the most delicious fruit on the planet. It is also widely known as the custard apple because of the creamy flesh of the fruit.
This fruit can grow in differing shapes. They are usually oval and slightly stretched near the ends. They can grow between 4 and 8 inches long with a diameter between 2 and 4 inches. The skin is green and tubercular when ripened. On the inside are several large, brown seeds.
It is the taste that makes the cherimoya such a beloved fruit. It is described as a blend of several different fruits packed into one. The combined fruits being pineapple, strawberry, peach, banana, and papaya. Anyone who loves those fruits is sure to love the cherimoya.
Many people leave the fruit in the freezer overnight and then eat it the following day with a spoon. The cherimoya is sometimes called the ice cream fruit because of this. It is also a part of many different ice cream flavors as well as yogurts, especially in Peru.
The world is full of weird and exotic fruits. Fruits that are large and small, sour and sweet, are all waiting to make their way into your diet. If you have the green thumb and the right climate you could even try bringing them into your garden.


The essentials you need to know about Resveratrol…
Resveratrol is a natural compound found in red grape skin, polygonum cuspidatum, and some other berries. It is a powerful antioxidant produced by some plants to protect them against environmental stresses. For buyers of Resveratrol traceability and full security over the supply chain is the top priority when procuring this material. Dongming Growth is considered by many to be highly trusted because of its transparency and traceability from farm to final product.
Dongming Growth’s global supply available is over 100MT, about 20% of which comes from their 5000mu of farmland devoted specifically to Resveratrol farming. It is also important to note that unlike many other Chinese herbal manufacturer, Growth focuses only on the production of Resveratrol and does not produce any other botanical or other types of ingredients.
Other Key Notes About Dongming Growth:
- Complete traceability and control from farm to finished product
- FDA GRAS certified
- Fully Audited Facility
- Lowest emodin content in industry
- Carrier-Free Granular, Powder and Fine Powder options for various formulas
Currently, most resveratrol raw material is wild crafted, and a small amount is currently farmed. Under normal conditions it harvests all year long, but considering the growing season and weather, September through October is considered to be the best time of year to harvest. To ensure a constant and reliable supply of material, buyers should look to purchase from manufactures who will harvest from both wild crafted and farmed raw material. Dongming Growth has a well-balanced supply from both wild cultivated and their wholly owned farm of raw polygonum cuspidatum.


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Provenance: All grain is sourced from within 100 miles of our Philadelphia-area PA malthouse, and is identified by farmer, field and variety. We help brewers and distillers connect the consumer with the grower.
Specialization: Want to make something off the beaten path? Double Eagle can create custom malts from a variety of grains including 2-row and 6-row barley, wheat, rye, spelt, oats and buckwheat. Get it kiln dried, roasted or caramelized to your specified color.
Contract malting: If you're growing your own grain for a farm distillery or brewery, we'll clean it, malt it, package it and ship it back to offer your customers a truly authentic ground-to-glass experience.
More flavor: We push flavor limits to give customers more ways to differentiate themselves, e.g.,


We produce hazelnut flour by milling the pellet which remains from the pressing of the nuts.
It has got a considerable vitamin E and fiber content. Due to its low carbohydrate and high protein content, it is compatible with paleo and low-carb diets.
You can use it as a base flour or as an additive for decreasing the carbohydrate content of your food while giving it a slight hazelnut flavor. You can also replace the bread crumbs with it in fillings and special-tasting meatballs. It is also delicious in cakes, pies, cookies, and crepes.
Grapoila Hazelnut Flour has won a one-star award at the 2021 Great Taste awards, which is the most famous food tasting contest in the world based on blind testing.


The company JatroSelect, founded for breeding, was merged into JatroSolutions in 2015. JatroSolutions' main office is located in Stuttgart, Germany. We currently run breeding stations and testing sites in Cameroon, India, Madagascar and Paraguay. The business of the breeding programme is the genetic improvement and seed production of Jatropha cultivars with improved traits that secure the highest economic profitability for the growers. We breed cultivars for international markets and supply growers with solutions to suit their needs.
With JatroSolutions you get high-performance cultivars with superior seed quality and receive advice and valuable information for cultivation.


by Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, Division of State and Private Forestry in Missoula, Mt .
Written in English
|Statement||by [J. E. Dewey ... et al.].|
|Series||Report ; no. 74-10, Report (United States. Forest Service. Northern Region) -- no. 74-10.|
|Contributions||Dewey, Jerald E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region.|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||i, 25 p. :|
|Number of Pages||25|
Mexacarbate and Bacillus thuringiensis for control of pine butterfly infestations: Bitterroot National Forest, Montana, By. Abstract. Aerial application of mexacarbate and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner\ud was tested against pine butterfly, Neophasia menapia (F. and F.). These\ud were applied to acre plots on the Bitterroot. Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) is a soil bacterium that produces a diversity of Cry proteins that are selectively toxic against a wide variety of insect pests. Synthetic cry genes from B. thuringiensis, modified for plant-preferred codon usage, have been introduced in a number of major crops (referred to as Bt crops) such as maize, cotton, and potato to make them insect resistant (28).Cited by: Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) is the most widely recognized and best understood of the microbial insect control products currently available. Many different strains, representing at least 30 sub-species, are now recognized on the basis of their surface flagellar antigens and insecticidal by: 1. Canhilal & Carner: Bacillus thuringiensis as a pest management tool f or control of the squash vine borer in South Carolina 27 t. 1/ main stem at different points.
Bacillus thuringiensis is a major microbial insecticide and a source of genes encoding several proteins toxic to insects. In this paper the authors give a brief summary ofBacillus thuringiensis used on the integrated pest management in forestry. The derivatives of Bt strain HD1 subspkurstaki have been widely used to control the forest pests such as the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), spruce Cited by: 5. Use of insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis for control of grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in turf Michaels, Tracy Ellis, "Use of insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis for control of grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in turf " (). The isolated nature of the infestations suggests that . Impacts of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) and defoliation by gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar (L.)] on native, non-target arthropods were evaluated in eastern West Virginia from to Adult and larval arthropods were collected by foliage sampling and light-trapping at 24 ha (acre) plots, representing six replicates of four treatments: unsprayed, gypsy moth absent Cited by: Susceptibility of brook trout (Salvelinus fontalis) fry to a liquid formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis (Teknar) used for blackfly control. Can. J.
Artificial control. Efforts to control the pine processionary have included biological control using Bacillus thuringiensis, which is effective on eggs and first- or second-stage caterpillars (in September or October), or insecticides such as diflubenzuron, an insect growth regulator Family: Thaumetopoeidae. Mode of Action and Specificity of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins in the Control of Caterpillars and Stink Bugs in Soybean Culture Article Literature Review (PDF Available) January with. Pine budworm. Pine butterfly. Gypsy moth; Note: kills caterpillars which produce pretty butterflies as well. Look for products which name Bacillus thuringiensis in the active ingredient list. Kills caterpillars, which are the larval stage of moths and butterflies. Kills leaf eating caterpillars, but is not effective against caterpillars that burrow inside plant tissue such as apple worms or borers. DiPel is the leading biological insecticide on the market today. Registered for use on a variety of ornamentals, DiPel PRO DF delivers outstanding control of more than 30 species of insects, including tent caterpillar and various bagworms, looper, tobacco budworms and armyworms/5(44).


I know, even I think I am dragging these out into too many parts, but there is so much to cover in each article. With that, let’s keep it moving forward.
Walls, ceiling, roof, glazing, now we are onto actually setting up the raised garden bed inside of the greenhouse along with some other pieces.
HugelKulture gardening –
Being that this is a brand new growing environment, mostly sandy soil with little to no nutrients. I don’t like adding compost or soil additives that I don’t know is inside them so we will be adding some tree trimmings to the base of the raised garden beds before adding the soil. As these tree trimmings rot, they will release vital nutrients as a starter for the garden beds.
Raised garden beds –
While we will be at 180 sq ft of internal greenhouse space, over 140 of that will be in raised garden beds. We will build these 18″ up from ground level. Made from 2×6 boards and 4×4’s. This will form a U shaped structure inside the greenhouse. I have backfilled using some of the sandy soil/ topsoils from the yard and I have added roughly 160 pounds of purchased nutrient-rich topsoil. I also added about 100 pounds of rabbit manure mixed through the bed as well to really jump start the nutrient mix.
Hanging garden space –
Greenhouses are great, they provide a year-round growing experience, but they typically have a lot of wasted space. Maximizing the heat and sunlight by providing large glazing, this usually sets up a higher roof profile. We will be incorporating a hanging garden space (rain gutter setups) to help to utilize some of that lost space.
A couple things to cover here – ventilation is crucial for a greenhouse. It reduces the hot stale air, it reduces the humidity and it reduces the opportunity for plant harmful bacteria and fungus to grow.
Solar powered thermal mass circulation – Moving the hot humid air out of the greenhouse during the heat of the day underground to the thermal mass which in turn pumps up cooler drier air into the greenhouse. This also helps to stabilize the temp inside the greenhouse regardless of day or night or external temperatures. This can be set up to either run full-time day or night or be set on thermostats to start automatically.
Solar powered roof fan – We will be incorporating a solar-powered roof fan to further help from overheating the plants inside. This will be set on an internal thermostat and kick on above a certain temp.
Natural ventilation ports – When all else fails, open up some ventilation ports (screened of course) from west to east to allow the wind to move through. This also helps to stimulate pollination with some of the plants.
Square foot drip irrigation – Along with our square foot gardening, we will be incorporating a square foot drip irrigation model to reduce our overall greenhouse water usage. This will apply the water directly at the plant ground level and should reduce evaporation.
Overhead misting – With some of the plants that we are growing, they require a hot and somewhat humid environment. For this, we will incorporate an overhead misting solution aimed towards those plants.
We will be applying mulch inside of the raised garden beds to retain ground moisture levels, reduce evaporation and control any unwanted growth.
With the sandy soil that we currently have, our plan is to leave that in place (not really a choice), though add 2″+ of pebble rock to the top of it. This will be another form of thermal mass, maintain a level of humidity and reduce walking in mud.
Read through the “Growing your own part 2” article and that will explain the rest.
In attempting to do our part to protect the bee population (OK, really to get access to free honey) we will be adding a small beehive location within the upper portion of the greenhouse. The plan is to provide both a controlled greenhouse internal access port, as well as an external opening for the bees to frolic and thrive. We are also looking at incorporating some mason bees as well.
With all of that said, I hope you have enjoyed following us along this entire greenhouse build project. Keep on Growing!


Franz Fischler’s career as a representative of the agriculture sector began in 1979 when he joined the Provincial Chamber of Agriculture of Tyrol. He dealt with environmental issues, education and training, culture and land-use planning until 1984, when he became Director of the Chamber. In 1989, he was appointed Federal Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in Austria. In that capacity he played an important part in the negotiations for Austria’s accession to the European Union. From 1995 to 1999 he was European Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development and from September 1999 until 2004, he was also responsible for Community fisheries policy. From 2012 to 2015, Franz Fischler became the Chairman of the RISE-Foundation in Brussels. Furthermore, in 2014/2015 he was the Chairman of the Steering Committee of the EU scientific programme for Expo Milano 2015 as well as from December 2015, he has been President of the Board of Trustees to the Austrian Institute of Advanced Studies (IHS).
Since December 2004, Franz Fischler is concentrating on doing consultancy work, giving lectures, holding speeches and fulfilling his tasks being President of the think tank “European Forum Alpbach” since 2012.


Growing Mushrooms in a Bag
Growing mushrooms in a bag is a convenient and economical way to grow a large quantity of mushrooms without having to dedicate a large space. Mushrooms require light, humidity, and air to grow properly. Most houses have adequate fresh air exchange, so you can simply open a window for five to ten minutes to allow the bag to breathe. The mushrooms will also require light, but this doesn’t need to come from direct sunlight. In fact, indirect light will do just fine.
What you should know about mushroom spores ?
One popular substrate for growing mushrooms is straw pellets. These pellets have been pasteurised during the manufacturing process, which involves high heat and intense pressure. The pellets are then ready to be inoculated right out of the packet. Beginners should start with oyster mushrooms, as they are the fastest growing edible mushrooms. These mushrooms can be harvested two to three weeks after inoculation.
Using a grow bag allows you to monitor the progress of the fungus, while at the same time keeping weed spores and contaminants out. You should always sterilize the bag before you use it for growing mushrooms. Some bags come with self-healing injection ports, which make it easier to insert spores. Once the mushroom spores have colonized, you can inoculate them into the spawn using a spore syringe.
Depending on the variety of mushrooms that you want to grow, you can use different types of bags. For instance, shiitake mushrooms typically require a UNICORN M filter, while other varieties may require an OB filter. Regardless of the type of mushroom, you should choose a grow bag that is the right fit for your needs.
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Planted in the clay-schist and sand soils, with low production potential, the Vicentino’s grapes bear their best attributes. The low productivity imposed by the soil enhances the quality of the grapes, promoting an optimum mix of organic acids, sugars and phenolic compounds. The achievement of this balance between quality and quantity, together with the mild climate allows to aim for excellency.
Alvarinho, Arinto, Fernão Pires, Semillon, Viosinho.
Fermentation happened separately by variety and during 18 days at 15ºC, followed by a period of stage on lees. Aging over the lees for 5 months in stainless steel vats.
Reflecting the harmony between the ocean and Alentejo, the Vicentino White displays a remarkable freshness that comes from the stimulating acidity that this duality offers. Moreover, its slightly vegetal character, a result from a blend of original varieties, reveals an extremely pleasant and refreshing wine.
On all orders to
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HAUGG will be present at the Agritechnica 2017
Agritechnica 2017 – World’s leading congress for agricultural engineering
Every two years, the Agritechnica takes place in Hannover as the world’s biggest trade fair for agricultural technology. With more than 2.9000 exhibitors in 2017, all important companies of the industry are represented and showcasing their products. As a popular platform for technical innovations and current developments, the Agritechnica is an indispensable event for businesses in agriculture. We from HAUGG are happy to exhibit and present our products to you this year. Our certified services in the engineering of cooling systems and metal processing is a well-tried solution for agricultural engines. Come look for us in hall 16, exhibition stand D22.Please note that on the 12th and 13th of November, the Agritechnica will only open for farm machinery dealers, top investors and the agricultural press.
12. – 18. November 2017
More information: https://www.agritechnica.com/de/
The HAUGG exhibition stand is located in Hall 16 – Stand D22.
We are looking forward to meet you!