Agriculture based on diversity, decentralization, and improving small farm productivity through ecological methods is a women-centered, nature-friendly agriculture. In this agriculture, knowledge is shared—other species and plants are kin, not “property”—and sustainability is based on the renewal of the earth’s fertility and the renewal and regeneration of biodiversity and species richness on farms. There is no place for monocultures of genetically engineered crops or IPR monopolies on seeds. Monocultures and monopolies symbolize patriarchal agriculture. The war mentality underlying military-industrial agriculture is evident from the names given to the herbicides destroying the economic basis of the survival of the poorest women in the rural areas of the Third World. Roundup, Machete, and Lasso from Monsanto. Pentagon, Prowl, Scepter, Squadron, Cadre, and Avenge from American Home Products, which has merged with Monsanto. The language is of war, not sustainability. The most widespread application of genetic engineering in agriculture is herbicide resistance, that is, the breeding of crops to be resistant to herbicides. (Monsanto’s Roundup Ready Soybean and Cotton are examples of this application.) When this technology was introduced into Third World farming systems it led to an increased use of agrochemicals, thus increasing environmental problems. It also destroyed the biodiversity that is the sustenance and livelihood base of rural women: what are weeds for Monsanto are food, fodder, and medicine for Third World women.
We ate tomato soup and shared After Trade with four women tonight, three of whom were elderly. It went as well as one can expect. We took two mason jars of tomato soup home and have plans to eat it tomorrow en route to Georgia. We’ll be in Georgia for the next few days.
Produce grown in an unnatural way satisfies people’s fleeting desires but weakens the human body and alters the body chemistry so that it is dependent upon such foods. When this happens, vitamin supplements and medicines become necessary. This situation only creates hardships for the farmer and suffering for the consumer.
You can grow vegetables anyplace there is a varied and vigorous growth of weeds. It is important to become familiar with the yearly cycle and growing pattern of weeds and grasses. By looking at the variety and the size of the weeds in a certain area you can tell what kind of soil is there and whether or not a deficiency exists.
Whatever precautions you take so the photograph will look like this or that, there comes a moment when the photograph surprises you. It is the other’s gaze that wins out and decides.
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Photobioreactor from glass tubes Design of a race-way open pond commonly used for algal culture Algae grow much faster than food crops, and can produce hundreds of times more oil per unit area than conventional crops such as rapeseed, palms, soybeans, or jatropha.
Fuels that have been extracted from plants and crops are known as biofuels. Of these, the most commonly extracted and used one is Bioethanol or simply Ethanol and Biodiesel. It is blended with gasoline and can be used as an alternative fuel for your car.
Plant Is biofuel an effective substitute for fuels comes form renewable source, can be grown anywhere and have lower carbon emissions as compared to fossil fuels.
Biofuels not only help a struggling economy by providing jobs but also helps in reducing greenhouse gases up to much extent by emitting less pollution. Biofuels are produced from wheat, corn, soyabeans and sugarcane which can be produced again and again on demand, so they are sustainable.
Though biofuels have many advantages over their counterparts, but there are some other complicating aspects that we need to look at. We should increase our development of alternative fuels, taking advantage of renewable resources, like using corn and sugar to produce ethanol or soybeans to produce biodiesel.
As of now, biofuels cost the same in the market as gasoline does. However, the overall cost benefit of using them is much higher. They are cleaner fuels, which means they produce fewer emissions on burning.
Biofuels are adaptable to current engine designs and perform very well in most conditions. This keeps the engine running for longer, requires less maintenance and brings down overall pollution check costs. With the increased demand of biofuels, they have a potential of becoming cheaper in future as well.
So, the use of biofuels will be less of a drain on the wallet. Gasoline is refined from crude oil, which happens to be a non-renewable resource.
Although current reservoirs of gas will sustain for many years, they will end sometime in near future. Biofuels are made from many different sources such as manure, waste from crops and plants grown specifically for the fuel.
Most of the fossil fuels will expire and end up in smoke one day.
Since most of the sources like manure, corn, switchgrass, soyabeans, waste from crops and plants are renewable and are not likely to run out any time soon, making the use of biofuels efficient in nature.
These crops can be replanted again and again. Fossil fuelswhen burnt, produce large amount of greenhouse gases i. These greenhouse gases trap sunlight and cause planet to warm. The burning of coal and oil increases the temperature and causes global warming.
To reduce the impact of greenhouse gasespeople around the world are using biofuels. Studies suggests that biofuels reduces greenhouse gases up to 65 percent. Not every country has large reserves of crude oil. For them, having to import the oil puts a huge dent in the economy.
If more people start shifting towards biofuels, a country can reduce its dependance on fossil fuels. More jobs will be created with a growing biofuel industry, which will keep our economy secure.
Reduce Dependance on Foreign Oil: As prices of crude oil is touching sky high, we need some more alternative energy solutions to reduce our dependance on fossil fuels.
Lower Levels of Pollution: Since biofuels can be made from renewable resources, they cause less pollution to the planet. However, that is not the only reason why the use of biofuels is being encouraged. They release lower levels of carbon dioxide and other emissions when burnt.
Although the production of biofuels creates carbon dioxide as a byproduct, it is frequently used to grow the plants that will be converted into the fuel. This allows it to become something close to a self sustaining system. Disadvantages of Biofuels 1.
High Cost of Production: Even with all the benefits associated with biofuels, they are quite expensive to produce in the current market. As of now, the interest and capital investment being put into biofuel production is fairly low but it can match demand.
If the demand increases, then increasing the supply will be a long term operation, which will be quite expensive. Such a disadvantage is still preventing the use of biofuels from becoming more popular.2 This essay argued that biofuel is a recommended alternative energy resource and it is an effective substitute for fossil fuel from an environmental, economic and political point of view.
Cost reduction and money earned by biofuels production represent important economic arguments for the use of biofuels, whereas the environmental arguments. Biofuel is an example of a renewable energy resource that can be used as an alternative to fossil fuel and it is composed of biological waste, known as biomass.
It is hard to find a solution to the issue of efficient energy use and possibilities need to be explored to determine an effective substitute for fossil fuel. The greatest motivator for producing biofuels is the global warming caused by the constant burning of fossil fuels.
On the other hand, the biofuels are supposed to . What are Biofuels? Fuels that have been extracted from plants and crops are known as biofuels.
Of these, the most commonly extracted and used one is Bioethanol or simply Ethanol and rutadeltambor.com is blended with gasoline and can be used as an alternative fuel for your rutadeltambor.com based fuels comes form renewable source, can be grown anywhere and have lower carbon emissions as compared to fossil.
Furthermore, when natural forests are felled to generate bioenergy or to replace the farm fields that were diverted to growing biofuels, greenhouse gas emissions go up. Advantages of biofuel Biofuel is more cost-effective in terms of production. Add to that the fact that it does not contribute to the ongoing issue of global warming.


Garden Herbs, Vegetables and Flowers
We are delivering herbs, vegetables and flower seedlings and small plants in #3 and #5 Root Pouches. Root pouches are an environmentally friendly way of creating an "instant garden". The pouches have handles and can easily be moved to avoid early/late frosts, take advantage of each yard's unique light, and avoid summer heat. They also breath and naturally "root prune" so that one can grow plants more efficiently in small spaces.
We are sourcing plants and seeds from local (MD & VA) nurseries and farms.
We are also a distributor of heirloom seeds from the excellent local co-op Southern Exchange in Mineral, VA. We carry and grow over 50 varieties of vegetables, herbs and garden-friendly flowers selected for our area.
We expect to soon offer landscape plugs of eco-type native flowers that form the basis of a healthy pollinator garden. We recommend gardeners plant the plugs directly for fast and vigorous establishment.
We offer native plugs as they are available from a select group of local and regional nurseries. We offer general guidance as to best planting conditions.
We also offer both simple planting services including full native landscaping – “Bug-scaping” as we call it.


Mulching is a process of cutting, grinding, and caring for leaves and plants. It also includes controlling the weeds to damage the crops grown. It helps in slowing up the speed of evaporation of the moisture present in the leaves and plants. It surpasses the quality of the soil in agricultural lands. They can be easily transported and run with the help of electricity. They usually come with a bag, which assists the doer in assembling the mulched leaves. The bags can be made up of cloth or plastic.
Benefits of mulching:
Several surveys are conducted to show that mulching is very good for lawns. The leaves that are cut or mulched are eaten by various insects present in the soil, like earthworms and many other microorganisms. It keeps the nearby environment fertile. They become the food for other species too.
Generally, it takes the time of minimum seven and a maximum of nine months to become the mulched leaves into manure. These are devoid of nitrogen element; however, this time can be cut down to a few months if manually interfered with by persons. Leaf mulchers save a lot of time for farmers and caretakers. They are easy to look after and consume less space, along with this, lightweight leaf mulchers are very easy to carry.
What to look for in a leaf mulcher before making the purchase?
There are numerous types of leaf mulchers readily available in the agricultural market; you should keep these points in mind while making a purchase:
Many leaf mulchers come with a plastic, paper, or cloth bag attached to it, that is in a detachable form. The bag collects all the dirt and cuts leaves, which lowers the level of mess in the lawn area. Opting for a leaf mulcher that has a plastic bucket or bag linked with it is an excellent choice to make.
- Cooling system:
All leaf mulchers have an inbuilt cooling system through an exhaust fan inside them. It reduces the quantity of dust to collect inside the bag, and it easily separates the air or dirt from the leaves.
- Easy to transport:
Leaf mulchers are very handy and easy to carry. The best leaf mulcher is the one that can be taken from one place to another in less time.
- Time saver:
Go for the one that does not consume a lot of time in cutting and shredding the extra leaves, due to the electric connection. Many
Ask the shopkeeper which leaf mulcher consumes less power in electric fields. You do not want to take the burden of massive bills due to this task.
Leaf mulchers are incredibly convenient to store. These can be placed anywhere, in a small outhouse, farmhouse, or inside your storeroom too. Buy the tiny one amongst all.
Ask about the warranty or guarantee period of the leaf mulcher you are going to buy. If it runs with an electric motor, it is more likely to be damaged easily, as compared to the manual one.
Where to buy leaf mulchers?
Leaf mulchers are readily available at nurseries or agricultural shops where seeds and other types of harvesting material are supposed to be sold. You have to make a smart purchase while buying an excellent leaf mulcher by considering its electrical capacity and power.


The healthiest product of Nature.
Since November 14, 2005, IGP Miel de Provence has been registered in the European directory of PGIs and PDOs. Since that day, the Provence appellation for honey is protected and is reserved for operators who respect the PGI specifications.
The Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region has a large number of professional beekeepers: more than 300 beekeepers with more than 150 hives. Regional production is 2,000 T / year or 8% of the national production. Many of them practice transhumance along a route from the coast to Haute-Provence, via the Southern Alps.
In Provence, summer is the preferred season for the production of lavender honey.
But many other honeys are produced by these beekeepers in the scrubland (honeys of rosemary, thyme) or in the maquis (heather, strawberry …). The honey of Provence gained its notoriety from the 15th century. This is the period when he knows an important development thanks to the demand of the Italian merchants who considered then it like the “best of the good honeys”. Its quality and prestige remains intact to the point that it resists for a very long time the massive consumption of sugar. It was during the twentieth century that honeys harvested in the regions of Grasse, Brignoles, the Provençal Alps, Mont Ventoux or Barcelonnette, forged a reputation for quality that allowed them to obtain the PGI in 2005.
For example, in the Lure mountain, the family apiary has a long tradition. It provided both an income supplement and it was the only way to sweeten. Until the middle of the twentieth century, hives were planted in hollow tree trunks “les bruscs” and their number varied according to the swarms harvested in the spring since each harvest of honey killed the bees. It was an all-flower honey that was used to sweeten drinks, make cakes, prepare nougat, confit fruit or make ointments. The drug-dealers of Lure brought wax and honey into their medicinal preparations. But wax was also used to encaustic furniture, its surplus is sold to carpenters and cabinetmakers or devoted to making candles and candles.
Beekeeping will be transformed in the 1920s with the cultivation of wild lavender and lavandin. Then by the gradual replacement during the 1930s of bruscs by hives with frames. From then on, the transhumance of apiaries in the lavender fields became one of the characteristics of Provencal beekeeping.
Several flowers of Provence are famous for the quality of the honey that they generate:
Lavender and Lavandin produce a pale and thick honey.
Thyme. His honey is very dark and very strong.
Rosemary. It gives an ivory honey with enchanting scents.
The Linden. It is a specialty of the Montagne de Lure (04).
The sweetening power of honey, one of the 5 sources of sugar, and, with fruit, the most natural, making honey say “the healthiest product of Nature”.


The month of April truly ushers in the season of Spring in New England. Snowdrops, crocuses, and then daffodils seem to sprout and bloom overnight, usually on the heels of a two or three day warm spell. These occur in the early part of April in the south coastal regions of Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts, and in the latter part of the month in New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine.
As soon as the outside temperatures allow, its time to remove any dead or decaying matter in your New England garden that may be covering up your spring flowers. Its important to rake the garden beds BEFORE they start growing or you can damage the plants, removing the flowers accidentally or even killing the plant before it gets a chance to flower and set leaves. What to do with all that stuff you raked out of the garden? If you have the room, we highly suggest buying a small composter from your local garden shop. They will run you between $50 and $100 and are invaluable to keeping your garden weed-free, fertilized and reducing the burden on your watering can.
If you have a vegetable garden, or are planning one for this year, now is also the time to turn over the soil from your annual vegetable areas and rake any debris covering perennial vegetables such as asparagus. Again, doing this early makes clean up MUCH easier than trying to work the soil around the vegetables later on after they are established and growing. Believe it or not, by the end of April you can plant peas and lettuce in most of New England directly by seed in the ground for a beautiful spring crop of snow peas and boston lettuce. These vegetables love the cooler days and nights and actually grow much better than in summer heat.
Lastly, if you are inclined to grow your own vegetables from seed, many of the summer ripening varieties of tomato especially will benefit from an early head start from seed on a sunny windowsill. If you don’t have adequate light, however, the seedlings can become long and weak over the next 8 weeks and may be unusable in the garden. So, be sure you have them in a south facing window that gets at least 4-5 hours of direct sun daily. On warm days, open the window and let the breeze blow on the plants. This helps to harden the tissue on the stem so that when you plant them outside, their stems will be able to take the strain of blowing in the wind. It can take up to two weeks to “harden” plants from windowsill to garden so every little bit helps along the way.
Excerpt taken from 2019 GardeningInNewEngland.com


Organic is a new word used in the context of coffee, tea, cocoa and other food materials in recent times around local shops and super markets. Every year the word is being used by buying public more than the previous year and its use is growing year after year resulting in higher sale proportion of tea or coffee marked as 100% organically grown.
What is organically grown?
To simply put it, organic farming methods leave least or no harmful impact on the surrounding environment. Organic agricultural production systems are mostly traditional methods evolved through learning from nature. In the organic farming methods no synthetic chemical fertilizer or pesticide is used. So that organic production means natural, pure and healthy.
How coffee grows in nature
The coffee plant does not need much direct sun light and so it grows under the shade of large trees. The ground is never sprayed with any chemical insecticide or fertilizer and so the ground water remains pure and uncontaminated. From the canopy of trees leaves fall steadily and the ground is covered by fallen leaves layer on layer. The layers of fallen leaves work as a blanket and protect the moisture of the ground. The moisture in turn help the process of compost to turn the bottom layers of leaves into natural manure to nourish the land.
The thick foliage of shade trees over the coffee bushes house many varieties of birds and also attracts the migratory birds. The birds live on small insects and pests. So they work as natural pest controllers and keep the coffee plants healthy.
The coffee that grows in the shade of other local trees become original and pure in taste and flavor Organic Coffee.
The proposed plantation site is selected carefully. And if the site was being used to grow some other crop using chemical fertilizer or chemical insecticides, then a minimum period of three years are given as conversion years for the proposed site to get over the effects of the harmful chemicals.
After the conversion years coffee bushes are planted along with local shade trees. Care is given equally to the coffee bushes and shade trees and effort is put in to leave bird population to grow undisturbed.
The fallen leaves are left undisturbed to convert into manure to nourish the land and keep it fertile. The bird population effectively controls the pests and harmful insect and protects the coffee bushes. And finally for decaffeinating, approved processes are employed including the Swiss Water process. The coffee thus produced is organic coffee.
Organic vs. commercial production
Organic production methods along with producing coffee intend to protect environment. In this process of growing coffee, more and more trees are grown due to that local biodiversity is achieved. In this method, soil fertility and nutrients are sustained. No chemical pollution is created to harm the human health.
In contrast in commercial profit oriented method of growing coffee, the trees are felled and the cumulative effect is deforestation. Deforestation leads to soil erosion and severe depletion. The commercial grower cuts trees to allow direct sun light which increases production. As there are no birds to control pests and due to the absence of trees and its natural manure, farmers are forced to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides severely harming the environment.
Organic coffee - lifeline of future
Organic production process is eco friendly and helps to repair the environment spoilt by the greedy profit oriented approach of commercial growers of coffee through growing more and more shade trees.
Protecting environment locally helps to enhance the eco system. Rejuvenation and eco system alone can help the planet from disaster and help to sustain life on this planet.
Organic coffee is our responsibility, almost a human duty and life line to healthy future of mankind.
Naturesorganicmarket.com offers low prices on organic coffee, organic baby clothes, and more.


Right now I’m harvesting watermelons of all kinds. I’ve got 8 or 9 strains growing to see what does well and I’ve found some winners and some losers. It’s been hot so I’ve pretty much been living on melons for the last 10 days or so as I know they won’t hold forever and it’s such a rare treat to be able to enjoy so many wonderful melons fresh from the field. The melons were all planted in the middle of May this year. We had a warm Spring followed by a cold snap and I had to quickly throw some row cover over them to keep them from freezing but they’ve done very well, giving me the biggest melon harvest I’ve had here. Of course part of the success is choosing varieties that do well with short cool summers.
I’ll be doing strain review on all of the melons I grew this year (after I’ve finished eating them of course).


|Title:||Origin of wheat B-genome chromosomes inferred from RNA sequencing analysis of leaf transcripts from section Sitopsis species of Aegilops|
|Author's alias:||那須田, 周平|
|Publisher:||Oxford University Press (OUP)|
|Journal title:||DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes|
|Abstract:||Dramatic changes occasionally occur in intergenic regions leading to genomic alterations during speciation and will consequently obscure the ancestral species that have contributed to the formation of allopolyploid organisms. The S genome of five species of section Sitopsis of genus Aegilops is considered to be an origin of B-genome in cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species, although its actual donor is still unclear. Here, we attempted to elucidate phylogenetic relationship among Sitopsis species by performing RNA sequencing of the coding regions of each chromosome. Thus, genome-wide polymorphisms were extensively analyzed in 19 accessions of the Sitopsis species in reference to the tetraploid and hexaploid wheat B genome sequences and consequently were efficiently anchored to the B-genome chromosomes. The results of our genome-wide exon sequencing and resultant phylogenetic analysis indicate that Ae. speltoides is likely to be the direct donor of all chromosomes of the wheat B genome. Our results also indicate that the genome differentiation during wheat allopolyploidization from S to B proceeds at different speeds over the chromosomes rather than at constant rate and recombination could be a factor determining the speed. This observation is potentially generalized to genome differentiation during plant allopolyploid evolution.|
|Rights:||© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Kazusa DNA Research Institute. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.|
|Appears in Collections:||Journal Articles|
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.


UN Secretary-General will be in Turkey this Thursday.
Russia and Ukraine will sign the agreement on the export of cereals on Friday, according to a Turkish government source, quoted by Agence France-Presse.
The announcement comes a day after Turkey’s president said he wanted a written deal later this week.
“The signing ceremony of the grain shipment agreement, which will be attended by [Turkish] President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and UN Secretary-General António Guterres, will be signed tomorrow at 4:30 pm [2:30 pm in Lisbon] at the Dolmabahçe Palace, with the participation of Ukraine and Russia”, notes the text.
The agreement was expected this week
“An agreement began to emerge last week during talks in Istanbul last week. Now, we want this agreement to be in writing,” reads a statement issued by the official’s office on Wednesday, quoted by Jazeera. “Hopefully it will be ready in the next few days,” said Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
In addition to the statements made by the Turkish leader, the Kremlin also showed on Wednesday some willingness to sign the agreement.
“Yesterday [Tuesday] we sent a signal to the (UN) Secretary General saying, here it is, this is your initiative, let’s make a decision on the Ukrainians, then on the Russians,” said the Russian Foreign Minister, Sergei Lavrov.
Earlier, Russian President Vladimir Putin had already made a similar request.
“We will facilitate the export of Ukrainian cereals, but on the basis of the lifting of all restrictions related to air deliveries for the export of Russian cereals,” said the Russian head of state, on a same-day visit to Tehran, Iran.
Guterres on his way to Turkey
The secretary-general of the United Nations, who is also involved in the negotiations, is traveling to Turkey this Thursday, according to a spokesman for the organization.
The information was given before the signing of the agreement was known, but the spokesman said that Guterres “travels to Istanbul as part of his efforts to ensure full global access to Ukrainian food and Russian food and fertilizer.” The official excluded, on the other hand, that a future agreement could include any relief from international sanctions imposed on Russia following the invasion of Ukraine, which began on February 24.
Farhan Haq stressed that “this is not an agreement between two parties, Russia and Ukraine, it is an agreement for the whole world”, since “hundreds of thousands, maybe millions of human lives could be saved” if the agreement is signed it’s applied.
The representative did not specify how long it would take to transport Ukrainian grain held in Black Sea ports via negotiated routes, but stressed that the UN and “other parties” are working to ensure that this is done “as soon as possible”.
Earlier this week, the Turkish president had talked about the possibility of the parties involved – Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, and the United Nations – reaching an agreement in the coming days, which happened.
Istanbul hosted last week a meeting of military experts from Russia, Ukraine, and Turkey and UN representatives to try to unblock the export of Russian and Ukrainian grain held back due to the war in Ukraine and to avoid a global food crisis.
Together, according to the British magazine The Economist, Ukraine and Russia supply 28% of the world’s wheat, 29% of barley, 15% of corn, and 75% of sunflower oil.
Russian grain and fertilizer exports have been affected by Western sanctions on Russian logistics and financial chains.
Russia is a key fertilizer exporter. In 2021, the country was the world’s leading exporter of nitrogen fertilizers and the second largest supplier of potassium and phosphorus fertilizers.


This article was written to celebrate International Day to Combat Desertification and Drought.
Soil is the source of life since it nurtures greens that will nourish living beings on a regular basis, whether they are plants for human consumption or grass to feed livestock that will join the food chain system. Soil nurtures the living, particularly humans, and humans manage soils to ensure their basic needs are met. However, as industrialisation occurred, and the population grew rapidly, the reciprocal relationships became unbalanced. The combination of human actions (overgrazing, desertification, and linear farming practices) and climatic factors (dryland, runoff, excessive rainfall) caused the soil to lose nutrients and even worse, degraded the land, rendering it unusable.
Today marks the international day to combat desertification and drought. Desertification has become a global concern, affecting 36 million square kilometres of land and 500 million people. United Nations Conventions to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) highlighted desertification as a serious challenge for humanity to survive across the globe where desertification has caused land loss and with the current population expansion, it will also limit land productivity to meet consumption needs. Therefore, the urgency in reversing desertification through land rehabilitation and sustainable land use management has become the main agenda for the international community. This also aligned with Sustainable Development Goals #3, Life on land, as desertification threatens soil, and without healthy soil, there can be no prosperous life.
Desertification becomes a pertinent problem, especially with 500 million people that have been affected since the 1980s and the likelihood of 135 million displaced persons by 20451, indicating that we must step up initiatives in combating desertification and droughts. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) as a global advocate for land enacts efforts to avoid, reduce, and reverse desertification through a legally binding convention signed by 197 member states that commit to restoring land and enacting drought mitigation measures2.
The UNCCD also celebrates the symbolic commitment as an international day to raise awareness on the issue and accelerate actions in combating the ongoing global crisis. This year, the UNCCD enshrines women’s role in combating desertification and drought with the high-level panel titled “Her Land, Her Rights: Advancing Gender Equality and Land Restoration Goals.”3 An novel approach to adopting sustainable land management while closing the gender inequality gap. This main event brought an impactful benefit toward the global to combat climate change and the study of gender and climate. Women are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change since they are viewed as land labourers rather than landowners. This high-level panel brings opportunities for women to take the lead in decision-making, take ownership, and empower women in vulnerable areas to enact adequate and sustainable land management.
Another approach to combating desertification and drought is through urban farming and the establishment of green belts. The ongoing flagship project called the Great Green Wall was initiated by African Union where a 7,800 km green vegetation corridor will cover 11 countries from Senegal to Djibouti, an area equivalent to 117,000 km square. Oudagabou City in Burkina Faso took a similar technique, constructing a green wall in 1976, covering 1,032 hectares of land and protecting the soil from wind and water erosion.4 Those initiatives indicate that tackling a complex problem needs a comprehensive solution that involves various stakeholders in committing to expand the green areas, and that also includes the urban areas as combating desertification is not only limited to solutions in affected/vulnerable areas.
The establishment of green spaces bring benefits, such as adaptation against desertification, and countering urban heat islands. The first benefit of how urban green areas for agriculture helped to establish adequate water management is that urban farming generates permeable ground where rainwater is absorbed and channeled for agriculture, rather than ending up as a runoff that erodes the soil. Urban green spaces also aided in lowering the temperatures, increasing airflow, also minimising solar radiation and urban heat island phenomena. This statement is also backed by a study on the effect of spatial green spaces on microclimate in Suzhou Industrial Park, China. The urban green area creates a cold island effect in urban areas where the vegetation gives a cooling and humidifying effect, lowering the temperature5 caused bythe urban heat island.
Combating desertification and drought also means adapting to the current circumstances, which includes rehabilitating the degraded land and ensuring food sufficiency for the people that are affected. Establishing an urban garden for agricultural purposes has been shown to be effective in providing food amidst food desertification. The condition refers to the constraints that prevent people from accessing affordable and nutritious food,6 such as limited access to the market, global food chain disruption caused by COVID-19, and failure in the farming system to maintain food production owing to climatic factors (precipitation and drought).
Adapting to the current challenge of desertification and drought is the only solution to overcome this universal challenge. Adaptive practices, such as sustainable land use management and developing green spaces help to prevent desertification from worsening. Green spaces could bring significant impact by cooling the environment and absorbing rainwater to minimise runoff. Furthermore, land use should emphasise inclusivity and sustainability in order to maintain soil health and/or rehabilitate damaged land. These are the acceptable steps to combatting desertification from causing further loss, as well as great initiatives to commemorate the International Day to Combat Desertification and Drought.
Contributor: Nicole Ang


Why Save Soil?
Our generation has a lot to be concerned about when it comes to our future on this planet.
Millions of people are going hungry. Many more are not getting enough nutrition from their food. Animals are losing their habitats. Bird and insect species are disappearing. The climate is changing. Floods and droughts are bringing tragedy and loss.
It’s pretty overwhelming isn’t it? But there is something we can do about all this.
A solution to all these problems is right under our feet but we need to act fast. It’s time to talk about soil.
Healthy soil is the basis of our very lives: it provides our sustenance and our shelter.
How often do we think about it?
Healthy soil is home to billions of life forms. It supports the biodiversity of our planet.
But how much do we know about it?
Healthy soil stores water. It protects us from flooding and droughts.
Are we taking care of it?
Healthy soil sequesters carbon. It’s part of the solution to climate change.
Are we even talking about it?
Our soil is not healthy!
All over the world, our soil is becoming less and less able to sustain life. It is losing its ability to store water and store carbon. It is being washed away, poisoned and turned into desert.
We must raise our voices about soil!
One acre of soil is becoming desert every second.
The nutritional content of our fruits and vegetables has dropped by as much as 90% in the last century.
We have only 60 years of soil left.
820 million people go to bed hungry.
52% of world’s agricultural soils are already degraded.
If soil extinction is not prevented, food production will fall by 40% by 2045
By 2050, 90% of the Earth’s soil could be degraded unless we act now.
We can turn this around
We know how to make our soil healthy. Healthy soil must be continually shaded by plant cover and nourished by organic content from plant and animal waste. Many innovative farmers are already benefiting from this solution. They are increasing the organic content and the biodiversity on their land. Healthy soil must have at least 3-6% organic content.
This needs to happen everywhere.
How can we help
We may not be farmers, politicians or government officials, but we do have a voice.
We can use our voices and creative minds to make sure that everyone understands the importance of healthy soil. We can create art, write poetry, make music or put on a play to raise awareness. If enough of us speak up about soil, our governments will recognize that they have their citizens’ support to create lasting policies that will ensure the health of our soil for generations to come.
Join us in a global celebration of the soil that nourishes our lives – in an acknowledgement of its importance, and in a cry for its protection.
Let us make it happen.
Find out more
For a brilliant resource summarising what is happening to our soil, check out this informative video from The Guardian – It’s time to stop treating our soil like dirt!
Read this article from BBC News – New ground as tech aims to help boost soil health
Watch this video to find out more about why our soil needs saving:
How rejuvenating soil is a solution to climate change
Healthy soil is a massive carbon sink, containing 3 times more carbon than the atmosphere.
However, when soil degrades, it releases carbon into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change emissions. Rejuvenating soil does the opposite, it pulls carbon out of the atmosphere and stores it in the ground long term.
There have been a variety of studies looking at how much of our annual carbon emissions can be absorbed by rejuvenating soil. Data from Le Quéré et al. indicates that yearly increases in soil organic content have the potential to absorb all our emissions, which in turn has inspired the 4p1000 initiative.
A Soil Water Retention and Erosion Experiment to see which kinds of soil store water best.
A Save Soil Exhibition Flyer to invite others to join.
A How to Participate Flyer to explain to schools how to take part.
A Save Soil Exhibition Flyer for Children to invite young children and their parents to join.


Hannes Hobbs is a citrus farmer on the farm Welverdiend just outside Kirkwood in the Eastern Cape.He was born in Kirkwoord and attended St Reginald’s and St Kevin’s primary schools before going to Uitenhage High School.
“My parents worked on a citrus farm in the Kirkwood area. They helped to send my brother to teachers’ training college, but couldn’t afford to provide me with an education as well.”
At the time the government’s land reform programme was gaining momentum. As fiery activist who worked hard to bring about change prior to 1994, Hannes helped establish a land reform initiative.
As part of this initiative Hannes and his father-in-law Stephen Wagenaar, former foreman on a citrus farm, obtained the 8.35 ha farm Welverdiend. Today they are successful citrus farmers with Stephen handling the technical side and Hannes keeping his finger on the pulse of the farm’s finances. Click to open link to e-chapter
Interested in reading more chapters?


August has arrived and Summer is still in complete control, but as the month advances there are some changes in the atmosphere. The light begins to shift, the days get a little shorter, and every now and then there is a cool breath of air. It is time to start the First Harvest, Lughnasa. I had a wonderful view of the mid-point of the agricultural year as I was driving along a country road the other day. One of our local farmers had plowed up his fields, ending the first of the Summer crops and getting ready to plant the crops that will come at the end of Summer.
Lughnasa has long been a celebration of the First Harvest. It is mentioned in some of the earliest Irish literature and definitely has pagan origins. The festival itself is named after the god Lugh. The name is a combination of Lug (the god Lugh) and násad (an assembly). Later spellings include Lughnasadh and Lughnasa. Another name used for Lughnasadh is Lammas, which is what most people recognize. The name comes from the old-Anglo-Saxon word for “hlaef-mass,” loaf mass, the mass in the Roman Catholic Church where the first loaf of bread from the new crops is consecrated. As Lammas, the holiday is first mentioned in old Anglo-Saxon chronicles as early as 921 CE as “Feast of the First Fruits”. Personally, I don’t like this name because of its Christian etymology. I prefer the older, pagan names. Lugh is one of the most well known Celtic deities and he came to be associated with grain in Celtic mythology. His celebration day was August 1, and that date ties in with the first grain harvest in agricultural societies in the Northern Hemisphere. The word for August in Irish Gaelic is lunasa. Lugh is honored with corn, grains, bread, and other symbols of the harvest. Because of its connection to the Harvest it is customary to celebrate with the sharing of a fresh loaf of bread. Any grain will do for that bread, but depending on which tradition you follow, you might want to stick with what was commonly used in the region of that tradition. One of my biggest pet peeves is when people are doing a very European Rite, and using cornbread! People, corn wasn’t in Europe until AFTER 1500 CE. The word CORN was an old Anglo-Saxon word for grain, which is why we call that grain corn today. References in old texts to corn any time before 1500 CE are talking about oats or wheat.
History lesson over. Lughnasa is also a celebration of the sacrifice the God and Goddess make so that their people can live. Thinking of agriculture, it makes sense. We have to cut down the crops to use them, and to prepare the fields for something new, so the God must be sacrificed, figuratively, not literally. Although in times past… Anyway, if you want to celebrate Lughnasa, it is two-fold: the joy of those first crops coming in; the recognition that a sacrifice must be made. After all, life feeds on life.
Another question that comes up is when to do the Rite. That goes back to the old days, too. Work had to be done all day long, so celebrations usually started at Sundown. The celebration can be done any time from Sundown on the 1st until Sundown on the 2nd, Sundown being the best time on either day.
Today is the 2nd, so I must stop writing and go bake some bread and sacrifice a God. May the blessings of the First Harvest be on all of you.


Daniel and I have both been fortunate to have experienced several “new beginnings.” We have both moved around, had different jobs and volunteer positions, meet new people, and discovered a lot about ourselves and what is important to us which is how we have come to create Truffula Farm…the newest of our new beginnings.
Over three years ago, Daniel and I both found a new beginning at Overlook Farm in Rutland, Massachusetts. Daniel came to Overlook after a one year Americorps job working as a cook in a homeless shelter in Alamosa, Colorodo. I was working as a waitress in Madison, Wisconsin, lamenting the fact that my shiny new college degree seemed to have only gotten me a mountain of debt and not much else. We both applied to be residential volunteers for a year at this non-profit educational farm run by Heifer International. Being accepted was nothing short of the best thing that has ever happened to us both. Overlook is where we met, where we learned how to milk a goat and slaughter a rabbit, where we learned the stubbornness of goats, how skittish a sheep is, and how surprisingly high cattle can jump over fences, where we fed kitchen scraps to pigs, where we made our first chevre, sauerkraut and beer, where we learned how painstaking it is to thin carrots but how satisfying it is to harvest them, where we witnessed countless number of kids realize that their food comes from the soil and that vegetables are delicious, where we made some of the best friends that we have, and where we realized that farming was something we wanted in our lives for the rest of our lives.
Our second new beginning together was the following season when I decided to take an apprenticeship working on a small organic production farm in northern California. I’ve never worked so hard in my life…tending to 5 acres of organic vegetables, 10 acres of small grains, a 1200 head annual pastured poultry operation, milking goats, feeding pigs, rotationally grazing cattle and sheep, collecting eggs, and training a team of oxen. We ran a weekly veggie CSA as well as a monthly grain/flour CSA and we went to 3 farmers markets a week.
Third new beginning: I was offered a position as field crew leader the next year. I moved off-farm and Daniel and I started a small homestead of our own. We raised meat rabbits, and Muscovy ducks for eggs. We had fig, apple, pear, and cherry trees and a small garden. We spent our evenings experimenting with and learning about cooking, fermenting, brewing, canning, pickling, gardening, butchering, curing, and I even learned how to spin my own yarn.
Unfortunately after two years we had had quite enough of California. Our fourth new beginning was when we decided to take a six week road trip across the U.S. and move to Roanoke where Daniel grew up. Daniel went to work for the family business, Key Living Options, in Salem. They provide group homes and living services for adults with developmental disabilities. I found a job at Local Roots A Farm-to-Table Restaurant waiting tables, bartending, and as a shift manager. We honestly had no intention of staying in Roanoke but we love the area, our Grandin Village community, the wonderful people we have met, and we have now lived in Roanoke for over a year!
And that brings us to our most recent new beginning! Virginia Tech has a great program called the Catawba Sustainability Center that is used as a farmer incubator project. For very minimal costs we have access to 1/4 acre surrounded by deer fencing, hand tools, a rototiller, irrigation, and a community of farmers! We feel so lucky to have such amazing resources to get us off the ground before we even own any land!
We are very excited for our first endeavor into vegetable market gardening. We have onions, leeks, brassicas, tomatoes, and pepper seedlings started and are anxiously awaiting for the ground to thaw and dry out so we can start planting peas, spinach, radishes, arugula, carrots, and beets! We have just officially been accepted as a vendor at the West End Community Market and plan to start there mid-May every Tuesday from 3-6. We also hope to sell some of our produce to Local Roots where Chef Matt Lintz will make it into the most delicious thing you’ve ever tasted. Please come support the West End Market, Truffula Farm, and Local Roots!


Over the years we have been developing and expanding our ‘big’ garden, but it’s located away from the house and not easily accessible to grab fresh veggies for a quick salad. I’m hoping to change that this year by adding some container gardens on our deck.
Since I love potted plants but have no extra money right now to go and buy new ones, I have decided to use the many different containers that we have accumulated over the years and plant container vegetables. This will benefit us in two ways, it will provide the plants I want on the deck, and it will allow for easy access to our salad veggies.
The other benefit I’m looking forward to is that the kids will be able to grab a snack quickly outside. I remember growing up we were always told that if we were hungry, go get something from the garden. Most of our…
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DIY Underground Greenhouse: The Walipini “Warm Place” From The Bolivian Highlands
The Walipini (underground or pit greenhouse) in this pdf is designed specifically for the area of La Paz, Bolivia. However, the principles explained make it possible to build the Walipini in a wide variety of geographic and climatic conditions.
The word ‟Walipini” comes from the Aymara Indian language and means ‟place of warmth”. The Walipini utilizes Nature’s resources to provide a warm, stable, well-lit environment for year-round vegetable production. Locating the growing area 6’- 8’ underground and capturing and storing daytime solar radiation are the most important principles in building a successful Walipini.
Download plans: DIY Underground Greenhouse: The Walipini From Bolivia


Beyond eating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and good fats and all of this great tip, but the question of food safety, nutrition, and sustainability remains.
Organic crops must be grown in safe soil, have no modifications, and must remain separate from conventional products. Farmers are not allowed to use synthetic pesticides, bioengineered genes (GMOs), petroleum-based fertilizers, and sewage sludge-based fertilizers.
Organic food has more of the antioxidant compounds linked to better health than regular food, and lower levels of toxic metals and pesticides.
The benefits of organic food:
1.Organic products contains fewer chemicals
2.Organic food is often fresher
3.Organic farming is better for the environment
4.Organic food is GMO-free (Genetically Modified Organisms)


HYDERABAD Feb 16 : The state horticulture department is asking people in the city to join hands with it in the 'Urban Vegetable Farming' initiative to promote cultivation of vegetables and fruits on balconies and terraces of houses.With agricultural land being used for non-agriculture purposes, especially real estate development, the supply of vegetables and fruits from surrounding districts such as Ranga Reddy, Medak, Mahbubnagar and Nalgonda has dwindled over the years. Currently, just about 30-35% of the total vegetable and fruit demand of the city is being met from surrounding areas.
Most vegetables coming to the city are being supplied from some pockets like Vantimamidi in Siddipet district, Ibrahimpatnam of Shamshabad district and Shadnagar areas. The rest of the supply comes from Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
Officials say that one of the reasons for the rising prices are increasing transport costs. This has left the state marketing department with no choice but to intervene, purchase vegetables in bulk and supply them at subsidised rates at Rythu Bazars during periods of sharp spike in prices.
Officials say the new scheme will serve several purposes. One, is that growing vegetables on the rooftop, balcony or backyard garden will help meet the demand in the city with the additional advantage of people getting organic vegetables at a much lesser cost than in the market.The other benefits include fresh vegetables at home all year round as well as greener balconies and terraces giving people an opportunity to get closer to nature.
The horticulture department has decided that it will provide seeds, seedlings, manure and implements with a 25% subsidy to prospective growers. To begin with, each family will be restricted to two vegetable growing kits."People can grow vegetables and fruits in spaces as small as 50 sft and 200 sq feet.But there should be sunlight, water facility, water leak proof terraces or balconies and more importantly interest on part of the people," Commissioner of Horticulture L Venkatram Reddy told TOI. He said the department has conducted training programmes to interested individuals and there has been good response from the public.
Apart from urban farming, the department has also taken to encouraging cluster colonies where vegetables are grown in about 2,000 to 3,000 acres in a village in surrounding districts of Hyderabad."The farmers get subsidized material and get marketing facilities to sell their produce," MV Madhusudhan Reddy , deputy director of horticulture department said.


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Gyru-Star Screening Buckets
The Gyru-Star compact screening systems are bucket type attachments, used primarily for screening soil, compost and aggregates. They can be fitted to excavators, tractors, telehandlers, compact loaders, wheeled or tracked loaders and skid steers replacing a standard digging bucket.
To find out more, visit the Gyru-Star website by clicking the button below.
Or why not find your nearest Gyru-Star Dealer through the Gyru-Star Dealer Finder:
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[image width=”250″ height=”250″ frame=”simple” align=”right”]http://www.startsateight.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/HSV-Garden-Challenge-250-copy.jpg[/image]
This is month number three of the Homeschool Village Garden Challenge. We participated last year, and it was so much fun not only gardening, but chronicling our progress too!
Here are their Participation Rules: since we are a homeschool community here to encourage homeschoolers we are asking that only current homeschooling families participate. Please always link your posts back to our site so your homeschool friends can participate too!
Today’s link up is sponsored by Maestro Classics! Maestro Classics produces the award-winning Stories in Music™, audio CD series for family listening. Entertaining and educational, these CDs have won over 45 national awards. These recordings for narrator and symphony orchestra introduce great music and classics stories and provide the opportunity to develop important listening skills.The mission of Maestro Classics is to cultivate a love of music through education and joyful performances.
We have yet to actually plant anything outside. Here in NY we don’t typically plant outside until after Memorial Day/Beginning of June. We started a little late with our seeds in our bay window this year so we will be another week or two before we plant most things in the garden.
We have however done all of our seed planting. It was actually such a nice day that we were able to do it outside on the picnic table and then bring everything in to the bay window. Each of our kids were excited to have their own pots to plant in, as well as the peet moss pots for all of our vegetables (and even cantaloupe this year) to be started in.
We ended up not planting any tomato seed because my parents bought too many tomato plants so they gave us their overflow. We planted many more cucumbers and green peppers this year because we use so many of them. Last year I planted cauliflower and ended up with 2 or 3, that I never picked 🙁 out of sheer laziness as they didn’t develop fully until into the cold weather. There are cauliflower seeds growing this year and I am hoping to get some and actually pick them this year!
If you read our first HSV Garden Challenge in April, you know that we put our fall pumpkins into the garden to rot and hopefully grow into new pumpkins. I am happy to report that we have at least 2 separate pumpkin plants growing in the garden! We are doing a nature study/journal pages about our pumpkins. Starting with spring pumpkins (the plants) and working our way through the summer with the flowers (there are 2 different ones, the male and the female), and then hopefully onto green and then our own orange pumpkins for the fall!


Kenya AA Top Kamwangi$18.00
ROAST LEVEL: Light (City+)
TASTING NOTES: Bright, grapefruit, gooseberry, pomelo, cherry
This is an AA Top grade coffee from the Kamwangi factory in the eastern Kirinyaga district of Kenya. Registered in 1997, Kamwangi currently has 720 male members and 266 female members, and harvests around 250 trees per farmer. Varieties grown include Sl28 and Ruiru 11 and growing altitude can reach as high as 1900 masl. Kamwangi also works with its members to provide monetary advances and farm input loans.


Grapevines flourish in the granitic gravels of Queensland’s Granite Belt. In this image, Brad is plucking leaves on the eastern side of the vine row to allow light and air to circulate.
Savina Lane’s vineyard lies in a small basin at 850m elevation, 28kms north of the Queensland border with NSW. Winter here is a time of fire and ice. Summers are milder and less humid with cool nights. The unique granitic gravel soil is well-suited to growing lesser-known vine species – widely known as alternative varieties.
The lovely 8-acre vineyard was first planted almost 65 years ago when cuttings from much older vines were established by the Savina family, who had immigrated to Australia from Italy after the Second World War. The wine made from this Old Vine Shiraz block is now legendary.
Other wine grape varieties grown here are Fiano, Tempranillo and Graciano, Montepulciano and Manseng and late last year a beautiful block of Viognier was planted.
We practice environmentally-sustainable viticulture, combining modern vineyard management with respect for tradition. Natural fertilisers and organic compounds for crop protection are used wherever possible. Spraying is done at times when natural insect predators, such as ladybirds, are finished eating for the day, as even organic sprays will harm them. These tiny predators assist with insect pest control.
Water management is an important issue in this dry, granite country. Shallow spoon drains curl around the vineyard, taking precious rainwater run-off directly into ‘Lake Savina’ (our large dam). The vineyard is trickle-irrigated to provide just enough moisture to encourage the vines to put down deep roots. A little struggle helps intensify fruit flavours. Water use is monitored constantly with the latest technology moisture probe and weather station.


Greenfield’s Forever LLC began manufacturing products from the fruit and vegetables we grow. Initially, we rented space to make our pickles, fruit sauces and jams. In 2016, we completed construction of a production facility on our farm. We have increased our product line to include several brands making products for the food and beverage industry.
Greenfields's Forever LLC started in 2009 by planting 2 acres of fruit and vegetables for our processing business. We have increased our plantings each year and now have 6 acres under cultivation. We sell our products at our farm stand and u-pick for most of the fruit we grow which includes raspberries, blueberries apples, pears, plums, currants, juneberries, and gooseberries. We have added an asparagus patch and grow a number of vegetables for our food processing operation. We have always used organic farming practices and never use fungicide or pesticide on our fruit. We believe growing food must be sustainable for the benefit of our health and community. The best way to receive notifications on what we are picking and have available is to like and follow our Facebook page.


Greens & Browns– There’s Not Much Else To Worry About!
So you just heard ESW Beauty’s sheet masks are compostable and you are wondering what goes into a healthy compost– here is the perfect recipe to turn your sheet mask into fertile soil for your plants!
You’ll often see composting simplified to color coding to simplify the types of ingredients you need for a healthy & fertile backyard compost. All composting requires three basic ingredients:
Browns - This includes materials such as dead leaves, branches, twigs, paper bags, cardboard, shredded paper, and wood chips.
Greens - This includes materials such as grass clippings, vegetable waste, fruit scraps, coffee grounds, tea bags, and even egg shells.
Water - Having the right amount of water, greens, and browns is important for compost development.
Always keep you compost pile moist (not soaking wet) and be sure to turn it for optimal aeration
A successful compost should have an even amount of each basic ingredient. Many composting experts recommend alternating the colors in layers as they provide different gasses needed to facilitate the composting process– the browns providing carbon, and the green providing nitrogen.
Some Materials I Recommend Avoiding & Why
Dairy products - these tend to create smells & odors that attract bugs and rodents
Meat or fish bones - like dairy products they will create odors that attract pests
Oil or foods cooked in oil - this can slow down the process and disrupt the airflow which is essential for a healthy compost.
Pet waste could contain parasites, bacteria, germs, or pathogens that can be harmful to humans.
Yard trimmings that have been treated with pesticides. These pesticides could kill the beneficial organisms in your compost pile.
My best tip: break down any and everything you can before tossing it in your compost. The smaller a piece of material is, the faster it can break down! So rip, tear, crush, and chop your materials before composting.
Why Is Healthy Compost So Important?
Keeping a healthy compost not only improves your own experience by reducing smell, but it also greatly impacts the environment.
Composting is an amazing way to fuel our earth. A successful compost is filled with nutrients and is the perfect way to get healthier, more delicious produce. The earth will thank you and so will your food. The beauty of feeding the earth is that it gives back tenfold.
Forming stable soil is really important for irrigation and water infiltration. When soil improves it can retain more water helping to avoid drought and inhabitability.


Semi-Dry Cider - 5.5% ABV
The newest in our Storm Cider series, Hurricane Teddy semi-dry cider.
On September 23, 2020, Hurricane Teddy hit Nova Scotia as a post-tropical storm. While it wasn’t nearly as destructive as predicted, a few unlucky apple farms in the Annapolis Valley lost nearly all their apples. This cider was made from those salvaged apples.
Bright and bubbly. Smooth and well balanced with notes of fresh apple, white cranberry and kiwi. Delicate aromas of pear and green apple.
With the storm cider series, we help our local fruit growers by taking what would have been a lost crop and turning it into a premium, one of a kind product.


Our Buying Policy for Organic Produce
First, we grow it ourselves
We source seasonal, organic produce grown on the CERES Organic Farm in Brunswick East and Coburg.We grow herbs; basil, coriander, continental parsley, dill, mint, leafy greens; lettuce, bok choi, silverbeet, chard, kale, spinach and other vegetables; tomatoes, spring onions, zucchini, cucumber and some interesting crops like nettles, milk thistle, rappa, and leaf amaranth.
Second, we buy from our neighbours
We buy from backyard growers like Pete, a CERES community gardener, who has been providing CERES with his home-grown lemons, persimmons and figs for 12 years.
Third, we go to local farmers
We buy directly from as many local growers as we can find. Some of the local growers we proudly buy direct from are… click here…
Fourth, we carefully source from wholesale agents
Then we buy through wholesale agents at the Melbourne Markets where we seek out local organic produce before we buy from outside Victoria. And of course our bananas, sweet potato and ginger come from Northern New South Wales and Queensland.
Our Buying Policy For Organic Groceries
- Organic and Bio-dynamic: We only sell goods that are certified organic, unless otherwise clearly stated. Organic certification prohibits the use of genetically modified ingredients. Organic also includes the humane treatment of animals, and excludes the use of growth hormones, and includes the good treatment of hens. So organic eggs are certified free range eggs.
- Local: Keeping food miles low, we support local farmers and artisans, helping secure our local food systems into the future.
- Prioritising Australian Made & Grown: Sourcing items that are sustainably grown and produced in Australia.
- Minimal Packaging: We offer bulk buying options. Bulk buying not only lowers your shopping dollar it also eliminates unnecessary waste and reduces your need to travel to and from a supermarket every week.
- Community Social Support: Support Fair Trade enterprises overseas with items such as coffee and chocolate.
- GM Free: We support farmers committed to ecological farming that promotes biological diversity and does not contaminate the environment with chemicals and GE-organisms.
- Palm Oil Free: We try to avoid products that contain palm oil, unless it can be proven to be coming from a certified sustainable source.
- Dietary: Providing alternatives for dietary needs.
- Imported Products: There are imported items in the webstore, however, we are constantly looking into other options and better alternatives. Suggestions are always welcome, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.org


Two billion cups of coffee are drank daily around the world, and it has become a part of our daily life, culture and expression. A cup of coffee facilitates communication, allows us to share moments with friends, colleagues and even strangers. For many of us, coffee is our morning partner, the one that gives us the much needed strength to start the day, or even go the extra mile at night when we strive to stay sharp and focused. However, very few of us have really ever seen where the coffee journey begins.
Guatemala is known for producing one of the world’s best coffees. What makes its coffee so special is Guatemala’s high altitudes, rich soils and over 300 different micro climates.
Still, what Mathieu Hutin really discovered during the years he spent in Guatemala, was revealing: what trully makes Guatemalan coffee so special is the dedication, energy and passion its people put into growing and harvesting their beans.
Guatemala is a country of strong contrasts and extreme diversity in many aspects, including socially and culturally. This beautiful diversity made it difficult for Mathieu to find a common story to describe Guatemala, until he discovered the coffee community and their story.
Coffee is grown in almost all the regions of Guatemala. It is part of everyday life for millions; some travel hundreds of kilometers with their families over the course of the harvest season, others inherit and transmit their knowledge and passion from one generation to another. Today Guatemala has over 125,000 coffee producers. These producers spend the entire year looking after their coffee plants, to sell every single bean at the end of the harvest season. For many, coffee is the main -if not the only source of income. Unlike us, they will never enjoy the taste of their coffee, nor will they ever experience the vast diversity of Guatemalan coffee.
Through his work, Mathieu celebrates and show his respect to the hard manual work behind the various stages of growing coffee. His photography highlights the beauty of human diversity and resilience in a world that pushes us into becoming ever more homogeneous and identical, forcing us to lose or identity.


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NOTE: You can also send a message to us by this email [email protected], we will reply to you within 24 hours. Now tell us your needs, there will be more favorable prices!


My name is Valentina, I grew up near Venice, Italy. I spent my childhood concerned about the future of our Planet.
I got my University degree in Veterinary Medicine in Italy and learned that growing animals for meat is not always positive for many reasons. I moved to California in 2017 to start a new life, specifically to Half Moon Bay to start a spirulina growing Operation. In 2018 Greenfarmllc started to grow Spirulina believing that microalgae can help to save the planet, as a base of our nutrition.
At our greenhouse we grow Spirulina more environmentally friendly than other kinds of farming, in order to offer healthy and fresh Spirulina-based products, that we call Danu to honor the Irish Goddess who protects cleaned water.


What makes a community? Ask Linda from Renaissance Farm in Burlington. She believes in supporting and promoting the local community. That includes growing her own organic vegetables in the 2 greenhouses she has behind her barn. Her passion is two-fold – her garden and educating people on where their food comes from. “You can go to the grocery store and buy food, but where does it really come from? “.
She currently has a CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) program that can sustain 15 families with fresh vegetables for the season. It's on a first-come-first serve basis and her goal is to increase that number next year. For more information visit the Renaissance Farm website.
Renaissance Farm has been in business for 5 years and currently employs 5 people including 2 culinary school interns who will continue on to Manchester Community College Culinary program. In addition to selling fresh local fruits and vegetables, you'll find lots of great baked goods. Let me tell you - her pies are some of the best I've had! Always made fresh they are seriously delicious!!!
Renaissance Farm also sells a variety local wines, canned goods including salad dressings, fruit preserves and jellies, teas and local craft items.
Stop in at lunchtime and enjoy a fresh made salad or sandwich. As the weather cools down, Linda will also feature homemade soup.
Renaissance Farm is a true local gem! Located at 278 Spielman Highway, Burlington, CT 06013


Several residents have expressed concern with the state of the grassy areas of the Village.
Shustoke Parish Council spends the majority of its annual budget on horticultural services for the Village, and has increased the sum allocated for 2018/19.
We have contracts for grass cutting on the sports field and other areas in the Village, alongside maintenance of the planters and rose beds etc. but grass cutting in particular is weather-dependent and there has been a significant delay due to the heavy rain before the more recent sunny periods.
We understand the grass will be cut this week.


Leaching kinetics of lead from contaminated soil — Åbo
A correlation between leaching behav-iour and physicochemical properties of pharmaceuticals showed hydropho-bicity to be significantly negatively correlated with leaching (p < 0.05, spearman correlation). The leaching losses of phosphate depends on the nature of soils and the presence of humus. For the adsorption of phosphate to clay particles (Illite, Kaolin, Montmorillonite) it depends on the pH 2021-04-04 How to Keep Your Mineral Sites from Leaching in the Soil July 17, 2018 / 0 Comments / in GYT 90 Blog / by GYT90 Whether you’re using mineral to supplement any potential nutritional deficiencies in your deer herd or are using mineral to help you get pictures and inventory any hit list bucks for the upcoming fall, mineral sites can be highly effective. Nonpoint loss of NO 3 from fields to water resources, however, is not caused by any single factor. Rather, it is caused by a combination of factors, including tillage, drainage, crop selection, soil organic matter levels, hydrology, and temperature and precipitation patterns. The analysis shows that Burns' equation is consistent with an ‘independent flow tube’ soil leaching model, rather than the soil solution being well-mixed at each soil depth as Burns suggested.
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Leaching is the process by which constituents of a solid material are released into a contacting water phase. Although some species may be more of an environmental concern than others, the leaching process is indiscriminant such that all constituents (e.g., major or minor matrix components as well as inorganic, organic and radionuclide contaminants) are released Soil Tillage Influences on Soil Mineral Nitrogen and Nitrate Leaching in Swedish Arable Soils. Abstract Leaching of nitrogen (N) is an unwanted effect of agriculture practices which contributes to eutrophication of surface waters. This thesis examined how soil tillage practices affect leaching losses of N from arable fields. Low soil leaching potential: soils in which potential pollutants are unlikely to move down through the soil due to low permeability. L: Deep soils with low permeability due to medium to fine textured subsoils or thick organic surface layers that can absorb or prevent contaminants from infiltrating Leaching is what happens when water removes soluble nutrients from a soil over time. Calcified soils ordinarily exhibit little leaching, although improper land management can lead to substantial leaching and thus the loss of soil fertility.
The highest phosphorus leaching losses found in two types of Water repellence in a texture contrast soil was found to be more strongly related to rainfall/leaching history, than the soil moisture content at the time of analysis. 7 Jul 2004 In this paper, we characterize the leaching of heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) from eight contaminated soils over a wide range of pH (pH 6 Jul 2008 In this study, in order to verify the cause of sludge materials leach from lime- treated soil, both water quality analysis in the field and two leaching 21 Mar 2006 Increased microbial activity and soil organic matter in the organically farmed soils results from a combination of enhanced C inputs during 27 Mar 2009 Natural colloid mobilization and leaching in wettable and water repellent soil under saturated condition.
Leaching of soil på engelska EN,SV lexikon Tyda
Rich, ready to produce garden soil must be constantly replenished with nutrient rich additives to keep it fertile. Without re Soil erosion is a natural or artificial process where the top layers of soil are blown or washed away from wind or water. Most soil erosion is caused by na Soil erosion is a natural or artificial process where the top layers of soil are blo Homemade potting soil is easy to make and way better than the bagged stuff.
Standard - Soil quality - Leaching procedures for - SIS
Before you put in a flower garden, add some trees, or plant your vegetables, figure out what type of soil you're dealing with and how best to amend it to have the healthiest, mos Learn what sandy soil means, and for what it is used. Also, read up on other types of soil, and which is best for gardening or farming. Sandy soil is exactly what its name suggests — a soil that has a high concentration of sand particles.
Cappuyns, V; Applied Geochemistry; 2018, vol 88, Part A, pp 68-84. Ref no 85994 More info
The objective of the project is to evaluate possibilities of applying soil chemical soil: including changes in physical properties and contaminant leaching from
av S Al-Azawi · 2015 · Citerat av 1 — Another objective is to discuss the probability of organic chemicals and heavy metals seepage when using the hydrophobic sand in soil; leaching tests were
Polycyclic aromatic compounds in urban soils of Stockholm City: Occurrence, sources and human health risk assessment.
Sandy soil is exactly what its name suggests — a soil that has a high concentration of sand particles. O The garden soil tips featured in this article are sure to point you in the right direction toward healthier soil and happier plants. Learn more at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Children who are scolded for running into the house in dirty sho Rich, ready to produce garden soil must be constantly replenished with nutrient rich additives to keep it fertile. Rich, ready to produce garden soil must be constantly replenished with nutrient rich additives to keep it fertile. Without re Soil erosion is a natural or artificial process where the top layers of soil are blown or washed away from wind or water.
Once the chemicals have drained down through the soil, they can leave a crust of soluble salts on the surface, which makes it hard for the soil to absorb water. Leaching of nitrate from soil is mainly driven by land-use type, management (fertilization), land-use change, climate, and soil properties (Perego et al., 2012). Several studies have highlighted the relationship between land use and N leaching (Kvítek et al., 2009). soil and soil materials — Part 1: Bach test using a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg dry matter ISO/TS 21268-2, Soil quality — Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and soil materials — Part 2: Bach test using a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg dry matter
anion retention by soil minerals, and this increases the probability that these ions are eventually taken up by deep-rooting plants (see Box 8.1 on p. 171).
2. After clearing your garden in preparation for the next Leaching, in geology, loss of soluble substances and colloids from the top layer of soil by percolating precipitation. The materials lost are carried downward (eluviated) and are generally redeposited (illuviated) in a lower layer. This transport results in a porous and open top layer and a … 2020-12-05 The leaching of chemicals through soil by percolating pore-water is the result of a complex of interconnected biophysical and biochemical processes. Soil quality — Guidance on leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soils and soil materials 1 Scope This International Standard provides guidance on the appropriate use of leaching tests on soil and soil materials, in order to determine the leaching behaviour in the framework of impact assessment, or for 2020-10-30 Leaching usually refers to the movement of dissolved substances with water percolating through soil.Sometimes, leaching may also refer to the movement of soluble chemicals out of biological tissues, as when rainfall causes potassium and other ions to be lost by foliage.
If you see visible white buildup on the surface of the soil, gently remove it, taking care not to take away more than ¼ inch (0.5 cm.) of soil. Se hela listan på byjus.com
leaching is the loss of water from water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation. Water performs a number of important functions in the soil. It is an effective solvent, dissolving essential soil nutrients and making them available to plant roots .
Solom hemtjänst sollentuna
Baltic Sea eutrophication status is not improved by the first
The influence of soil composition on the leachability of
The leaching risk for a nutrient increases with its mobility in the soil. Among nutrient anions, nitrate is particularly easily leached because it shows negligible interaction with the negatively charged matrix of most Soil acidification is a natural consequence of chemical mineral weathering promoted by soil respiration and leaching in humid climates. Plant nutrient uptake does not contribute to soil acidification because any components relevant to soil acid-base chemistry in standing biomass ultimately return to the soil when plant residue decomposes.
The influence of soil composition on the leachability of
Förlag. Åbo Akademi University. Status, Publicerad - 2016. MoE-publikationstyp, G2 Masteruppsats, polyteknisk masteruppsats Soil N2O emissions, N leaching and marine eutrophication in life cycle assessment–A comparison of modelling approaches. K Henryson, T Kätterer, P Tidåker, The removal of water or any soluble constituents from the soil. Leaching often occurs with soil constituents such as nitrate fertilizers with the result that nitrates Barium (Ba) leaching from soils and certified reference materials. Cappuyns, V; Applied Geochemistry; 2018, vol 88, Part A, pp 68-84.
When water carries these nutrients away, they need to go somewhere. Often, this excess nutrient-rich water flows into rivers, streams, and lakes, or is absorbed into groundwater, which may affect local community drinking water. Nutrient leaching in highly weathered tropical soils often poses a challenge for crop production.


The estate is located 5 kilometres south of Bergerac on the left bank of the Dordogne River. The plots are spread out on the Bergerac plain at the foot of the Monbazillac hillsides. The plantations are mainly planted in a north-south orientation to benefit from the best exposure to the rising and setting sun. We have a sandy soil which gives the wines lightness and finesse.
Grape varieties : Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon et Sauvignon
Designation : AOC Bergerac Rouge, Blanc sec et Rosé


West Bridgewater Agricultural Policy
“It is the policy of this community to conserve, protect and encourage the maintenance and improvement of agricultural land for the production of food, and other agricultural products, and also for its natural and ecological value. This disclosure notification is to inform buyers and occupants that the property they are about to acquire or occupy lies within a town where farming activities occur. Such farming activities may include, but are not limited to, activities that cause noise, dust and odors. Buyers and occupants are also informed that the location of property within the town may be impacted by commercial agricultural operations including the ability to access water services for property such property under certain circumstances.”
Right to Farm Grievance Notice
Grievance Report Form
Check back for updates!
Dan Howard, Chairman


Your Guide Towards the Standard Garden Hose Fitting Size
Being a gardener, you already know that finding the right tools is important for achieving greatest results. With regards to watering your plants, choosing the right garden hose fitting dimension is no exception. In this particular comprehensive guide, we’ll cover everything you should know to choose the right fitting size for the gardening needs.
Whether you’re a new comer to gardening or have already been doing it for several years, learning the standard garden hose fitting dimensions are crucial for achieving seamless connections and efficient watering. Keep reading to understand why deciding on the best size fitting matters, and the ways to navigate the different options available.
- Selecting the correct garden hose fitting size is crucial for achieving a tight and leak-free connection.
- Garden hose fitting sizes may be confusing, but learning the differing types and measurements can help you easily navigate the options.
- Common garden hose fitting sizes vary from the regular 3/4-inch fitting to smaller or larger options.
- Your backyard hose fitting size chart can be a helpful tool for determining the shape you want.
- Following expert consultancy on choosing the appropriate fitting size will help you make a knowledgeable decision depending on your particular requirements.
Need For Choosing the Right Garden Hose Fitting Size
Deciding on the best garden hose fitting dimension is crucial to get a tight and leak-free connection. While it might seem such as a small detail, the fitting size can greatly impact the overall performance of your own watering system. Here are some factors why selecting the most appropriate fitting dimension is important:
- Prevents leaks: A suitably sized fitting will guarantee a tight connection, preventing any water from leaking out.
- Improves water pressure: A poorly sized fitting can restrict the flow of water, lowering the water pressure and making it harder to water your plants effectively.
- Increases efficiency: Selecting the most appropriate fitting size might help make sure that water is to get precisely where it must have to go, improving efficiency and reducing water waste.
In relation to garden hose fittings, the right size could make a big difference. So make sure you make time to select the correct fitting to your specific needs. Inside the following sections, we shall provide guidance on understanding garden hose fitting sizes and techniques for selecting the right size.
Understanding Garden Hose Fitting Sizes
Garden hose fittings may be found in various styles and sizes, each using their unique purpose and application. Understanding these sizes is critical when choosing the right fitting to your specific needs. Here’s what you must know:
|Male||A fitting with threads on the outside that screw right into a female fitting.|
|Female||A fitting with threads on the inside that accept a male fitting.|
|Barbed||A fitting using a barbed end that slides right into a flexible hose and is secured using a clamp.|
|Compression||A fitting that will require compression to produce a seal in between the fitting and the hose.|
With regards to sizing, garden hose fittings are usually measured in three various ways: diameter, thread size, and shop vac size. Diameter measures the thickness from the hose, while thread size refers to the scale of the threads. Shop vac size refers to the internal diameter from the fitting.
For instance, the standard garden hose fitting size has a diameter of 3/4 inches and possesses threads that measure 11.5 inches per inch (NPT). This size fits most standard garden hoses and is also appropriate for most residential watering needs. Other common garden hose fitting sizes include 5/8 inches and 1/2 inches, and the like.
Learning the different garden hose fitting sizes will help you make an informed decision and choose the right fitting size to your watering needs.
Common Garden Hose Fitting Sizes Explained
In terms of garden hose fittings, there are many common sizes that you’re likely to encounter. Knowing the differences between these fittings will help you pick the best one for your watering needs. Here are one of the most commonly used garden hose fitting sizes:
|Fitting Size||Inner Diameter (inches)||Outer Diameter (inches)|
The most prevalent garden hose fitting dimensions are 3/4 inch, that has an inner diameter of .75 inches plus an outer diameter of 1.0625 inches. However, for those who have a smaller garden or want to use a hose for other purposes, you really should think about fitting by using a smaller diameter, for example 1/2 inch or 5/8 inch. Around the other hand, if you have a greater watering area or need more water flow, you may want to go with a larger size, such as 1 inch.
Remember that the regular size for garden hose fittings may vary based on the manufacturer, so it’s always a good idea to look into the dimensions prior to making any purchase.
By knowing the most often used garden hose fitting sizes, you can make an informed decision when picking a fitting to your watering needs. Using the right size, you’ll love a tight and leak-free connection, letting you efficiently water your plants and garden.
Garden Hose Fitting Size Chart
In terms of discovering the right garden hose fitting size, a chart might be a helpful tool. Here, we’ve compiled a complete garden hose fitting size chart with dimensions and measurements for different kinds of fittings:
|Garden Hose Fitting Type||Diameter*||Thread Type|
|Standard 3/4-inch||.75 inches||GHT (Garden Hose Thread)|
|3/8-inch||.375 inches||NPT (National Pipe Taper)|
* Diameter signifies the width in the hose end that attaches for the fitting.
Understanding the dimensions and thread sort of a garden hose fittings can save you time and hassle when searching for the right size. Make use of this chart as being a guide, but keep in mind that different manufacturers might have slight variations in dimensions and thread type.
Tips For Selecting the Best Garden Hose Fitting Size
Deciding on the best garden hose fitting size might be overwhelming, but it really doesn’t must be. Here are some expert tips to help you make an informed decision:
- Look at the inside diameter of the garden hose before buying a fitting. The regular size for garden hose fittings is 3/4 inches, but variations exist.
- Think about the thread sort of the fitting you want. The most typical threads are male and female NPT (National Pipe Thread) and GHT (Garden Hose Thread).
- Determine the fittings you will need for the watering accessories. Different watering tools might need different fittings, so choose fittings that suit your specific needs.
- Consult your backyard hose fitting size guide for added guidance. You will find charts and tables online that provide additional information about garden hose fitting sizes and dimensions.
By using these guidelines, you’ll be able to confidently pick the appropriate garden hose fitting size for your requirements and make certain optimal performance.
Ensuring Perfect Connections For the Gardening Needs
Upon having determined the proper size for your garden hose fitting, it is very important to make sure proper connections for optimal performance. Here are some step-by-step instructions for securing your fittings:
- Clean the Garden Hose: Make sure the area surrounding the fitting is clean and without any dirt and debris.
- Cut the Hose: Utilize a sharp knife or scissors to reduce the hose end in a straight line, ensuring a clean cut.
- Insert the Fitting: Slide the fitting in the hose end, ensuring it’s a tight fit.
- Use Clamps: Place a clamp over the hose and fitting to secure it tightly.
- Tighten the Clamps: Use pliers to tighten the clamps, ensuring a safe and secure fit with out leaks.
- Test the bond: Once you’ve secured the fittings, start up the water and check for leaks. If you notice any leaks, tighten the clamps or fittings to stop further leakage.
Following these steps will assist ensure you have a leak-free and efficient watering system. If you’re unsure in regards to the process, don’t hesitate to find the help of a professional.
Explore Standard Garden Hose Fitting Sizes Now!
Now that you have a comprehensive understanding of garden hose fitting sizes, it is possible to confidently explore the options available to get the perfect fitting size for all of your gardening needs. Remember, choosing the right size is crucial for efficient watering and preventing leaks.
Need more information on garden hose fittings or would like to compare different options? Look at our website’s extensive variety of garden hose fittings, including 3/4-inch fittings, smaller and larger sizes, and various fittings for different watering needs. Our garden hose fitting guide can be another great resource to assist you to opt for the appropriate size and kind of fitting for your personal specific requirements.
Don’t forget to learn reviews and ask for recommendations from fellow gardeners for the best fitting size to your garden hose. Using our expert tips and guidance, you’ll be able to achieve perfect connections and efficient watering for all your gardening needs.