«Farmers in the Zuni area of the semiarid American Southwest have successfully cultivated maize and other crops for over three millennia without using ...»
Anthropogenic Influences on Zuni
Jeffrey A. Homburg,1,* Jonathan A. Sandor,2 and Jay B. Norton3
Statistical Research, Inc., 6099 East Speedway Boulevard., Tucson, Arizona 85712
Agronomy Department—Crop Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Iowa State
University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1010
University of California Cooperative Extension, 2 South Green Street, Sonora,
Farmers in the Zuni area of the semiarid American Southwest have successfully cultivated
maize and other crops for over three millennia without using artificial fertilizers. Zuni agricultural fields are among the oldest, more or less continuously cultivated areas in the United States. Traditional Zuni agriculture is based on runoff farming, a system whereby runoff and organic-rich sediment generated in small watersheds are captured and directed onto fields for crop use. We conducted a study to compare soil properties associated with paired and unpaired cultivated, abandoned, and uncultivated fields to evaluate the long-term effects of cultivation on soil quality. Sampling and analytical methods of this research are especially applicable to geoarchaeological studies of anthropogenic effects on soil fertility and agricultural sustainability in ancient and traditional historical farming systems. Results of the Zuni soil study indicate that cultivation has altered some soil properties, including bulk density, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and C:N ratios in paired fields, but there is no indication that agricultural soils are degraded. This assessment supports the perception of Zuni farmers that long-term cultivation has not caused a decline in agricultural productivity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
INTRODUCTIONMost assessments of cultivation effects on soil productivity rely on observations obtained over brief periods, often less than five years and rarely exceeding 100 years (Fenton et al., 1999). Given such limited time perspective on anthropogenic soil changes, there is a need for geoscientists to study the oldest farming systems of the New World, those of Native Americans (for some exceptions, see Doolittle, 2000; Sullivan, 2000; Glaser and Woods, 2004; Lehmann et al., 2004). To help fill this data gap, we studied soils associated with an American Indian agricultural system in a semiarid region of west-central New Mexico (Figure 1). Zuni fields are among the oldest identifiable agricultural fields in the United States, so this project provided a unique opportunity to document and evaluate soil properties associated with long-term agricultural practices that are very similar to those used prehistorically. This study has important methodological and theoretical *Corresponding author; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org.
Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, Vol. 20, No. 7, 661–693 (2005) © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI:10.1002/gea.20076
HOMBURG, SANDOR, AND NORTONFigure 1. Location of the Zuni Reservation and paired (intensive) and unpaired (extensive) fields.
implications for how ancient agricultural soils and anthropogenic effects can be sampled and evaluated in archaeological contexts. The soil-sampling approach and suite of soil tests used to measure soil quality are directly applicable to geoarchaeological studies of ancient agricultural soils.
662 VOL. 20, NO. 7
ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES ON ZUNI AGRICULTURAL SOILSOvercoming low water availability is usually viewed as the major hurdle to achieving agricultural sustainability in the semiarid Southwest, both today and in the past. This contrasts sharply with humid regions where soil-fertility maintenance is the main limiting factor (Dregne, 1963:219; Sanders, 1992:283). Soil fertility is also an important concern in understanding the agroecology of farming systems in the Southwest, where productivity is not limited by water alone (Ludwig, 1987). Nitrogen deficiency, in fact, is so common in desert soils that its effect in limiting agricultural production is almost as great as water availability (Rommey et al., 1978; Nabhan, 1983, 1984; Sandor and Gersper, 1988). Cultivation of crops with high nutrient requirements, such as maize, heightens this problem by depleting already low nitrogen stores (Stevenson, 1982; Doolittle, 1984; Loomis and Connor, 1992:Figure 12.1).
Research objectives of the Zuni soil study are to: (1) characterize the chemical and physical properties of agricultural soils; (2) identify and assess soil and geomorphic factors important to the functioning of runoff fields; and (3) determine if long-term cultivation has altered the quality of agricultural soils. To measure the effects of cultivation on soil quality, chemical and physical properties of soils from modern Zuni fields were analyzed at two spatial scales: (1) sampling at three paired (intensive) cultivated and uncultivated fields; and (2) sampling at 29 unpaired (extensive) cultivated, abandoned, and uncultivated fields (Figure 1).
We attempted to hold nonanthropogenic soil-forming factors as constant as possible by focusing soil sampling on similar elevations, landscape positions, and geologic contexts. Soil samples were collected from alluvial fans and a few colluvial footslopes, mainly at elevations of about 2070 m and in watersheds smaller than 150 hectares. Sampling concentrated on map units of the Hosta soil series (Aridic Haplustalf), a widespread soil where many runoff fields are located in the eastern part of the reservation.
Two intensive fields were selected near historic farming villages, one near Lower Nutria and the other near Pescado. Archival records indicate that both areas were used extensively for agriculture from about the turn of the last century to about World War II. The third field is in an area identified by some local farmers as Bear Canyon. We refer to the intensive fields in the Nutria, Pescado, and Bear Canyon study areas as the Laate, Sanchez, and Weekoty fields, respectively, named for the farmers who most recently cultivated them. The 29 extensive fields are roughly evenly divided between the Nutria, Pescado, and Bear Canyon study areas, and between cultivated, abandoned, and uncultivated land. For the purpose of this study, cultivated fields are defined as those that are either currently farmed or left fallow within the last decade, and that have been plowed mechanically since about World War II. Abandoned fields include pre-1940s fields that were tilled using horse-drawn plows and then left fallow. These fields were identified based on archival records and interviews with Zuni farmers. Uncultivated fields are ones lacking archival evidence of farming activity over the last century.
Archaeological traces (e.g., agricultural rock alignments, remnants of masonry field houses and farmsteads, and a granary) of Pueblo II period (A.D. 1050–1150) farming activity were found at many fields we sampled (Homburg, 2000).
GEOARCHAEOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
HOMBURG, SANDOR, AND NORTON
BACKGROUND DISCUSSIONThe Zuni and Runoff Farming The Zuni, who now number over 9000 people, are one of the Western Pueblo tribes of the Southwest (Eggan and Pandey, 1979; Woodbury, 1979). The traditional homeland of the Zuni extends over a broad region in west-central New Mexico and east-central Arizona, extending far outside of the modern reservation boundary (Ferguson and Hart, 1985). Zuni and other American Indian groups of the semiarid Southwest have a long tradition of runoff farming. Zuni agricultural fields are among the oldest, more or less continuously cultivated lands in the United States. Macrobotanical remains of maize were radiocarbon-dated to about 2270 70 yr B.P. (Beta-25998) (Rhode, 1990:49) on the Zuni Reservation. Evidence of early agriculture, including irrigation canals dating to 2000–3000 yr B.P. (Late Archaic and Basketmaker II periods), was found during recent archaeological projects (Damp and Kendrick, 2000; Damp et al., 2002) in Y Unit Draw and on the Zuni River floodplain near Black Rock (see Figure 1).
Significantly, even today Zuni farmers do not rely on artificial fertilizers, and that makes the present study especially applicable to many geoarchaeological studies of prehistoric farming systems. Instead of applying artificial fertilizers, Zuni fields are fertilized naturally with organic-rich sediments carried in runoff water (Norton, 1996, 2000;
Homburg, 2000; Homburg et al., 2000; Norton et al., 2003; Sandor et al., in review).
Runoff farming is an agricultural system that involves capturing runoff and sediment from watersheds and directing them onto agricultural fields (see Figure 2a). This type of agricultural system takes advantage of natural erosion in the watershed and field placement in areas of deposition (Lowrance, 1992). Earthen berms, rock alignments, wooden dams, and shallow ditches are commonly built to control erosion and divert runoff across fields for crop use. Frank Cushing was the first to document the effectiveness of Zuni techniques in spreading water and organic-rich sediment across an agricultural field (Cushing, 1979; reprint of writings first published in 1884).
A number of studies of ancient and historical Zuni agriculture were undertaken many decades later (e.g., Bohrer, 1960; Kintigh, 1984, 1985; Ferguson, 1985; Ferguson and Hart, 1985; Graham, 1990; Brandt, 1992, 1995; Prevost et al., 1993; Manolescu, 1994;
Cleveland et al., 1995; Hart, 1995; Havener, 1999; Maxwell, 2000; Damp et al., 2002).
Most of these studies, however, do not focus on soil properties and anthropogenic effects associated with Zuni agroecosystems. Rhode (1990, 1995) modeled productivity and water use for traditional Zuni farming systems, and Pawluk (1995) interviewed Zuni farmers to document their knowledge and concepts of agricultural soils and organic-rich sediment. Pawluk learned of tanayan sowe (“tree soil”; Figure 2b), a Zuni term that shows that farmers clearly recognize the crucial role of organic-rich sediments in nutrient renewal, especially debris from decomposed juniper litter (Pawluk, 1995; Sandor et al., 2002). Norton (1996, 2000) and Norton et al. (1998, 2002, 2003) investigated the hydrology of Zuni fields and demonstrated the importance of small watersheds in supplying water and nutrients to Zuni fields. The importance of small watersheds for runoff farming has been reported by a number of studies in the Southwest (McGee, 1895; Bryan, 1929; Stewart, 1939; Stewart, 1940a, 1940b; Hack, 1942; Nabhan,
Figure 2. (a) Floodwater draining into a field during a runoff event; (b) Organic-rich sediment delivered to alluvial fan by runoff.
GEOARCHAEOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
HOMBURG, SANDOR, AND NORTON1979, 1983, 1984, 1986a, 1986b) and other desert settings around the world (Parr, 1943;
Boers and Ben-Asher, 1982; Evenari et al., 1982; Bruins 1986, 1990; Bruins et al., 1987;
Kowsar, 1991; Cohen et al., 1995; Lavee et al., 1997; Niemeijer, 1998). Muenchrath et al.
(2002) found that maize productivity in modern Zuni fields is highly variable but averages 572 (SE 181) kg/ha (see Schroeder [1999, 2001] for comparative data on maize productivity in Native American fields in North America). Sandor et al. (in review) investigated the biogeochemistry and agroecology of traditional Zuni runoff fields placed in valley-margin and canyon settings, and noted that alluvial fans and footslopes are productive settings for agriculture because: (1) runoff water and nutrients are naturally concentrated; (2) the growing season is extended because cold-air drainage effects are decreased relative to valley bottoms; and (3) potential salinization effects are less than on irrigated valley floors.
Previous Soil Studies of American Indian Farming Systems Few soil studies of American Indian farming systems have been conducted, and most of these were based on very small sample sizes or were focused on ancient, abandoned systems lacking continuity to the present. Ancient agricultural soils of the Southwest are well suited for geoarchaeological research because soil-formation processes (e.g., weathering, leaching, and illuviation) proceed much more slowly in deserts than in humid environments, so soil changes caused by cultivation practices tend to persist and remain detectable for long periods, probably on time scales of at least 1000 years (Sandor et al., 1986). A few soil studies in the Southwest have found that ancient farming systems degraded the quality of agricultural soils. For example, long-term cultivation significantly lowered the fertility of terraced fields in the Mimbres area (Sandor, 1983, 1995; Sandor et al., 1986, 1990), and farming practices at prehistoric fields near Flagstaff, Santa Fe, and at Mesa Verde tended to deplete phosphate and other nutrients to levels that made fields unproductive and caused them to be abandoned (Arrhenius, 1963). Other studies in central Arizona, especially studies of rock mulch agriculture, have not found that soils were degraded, and, in fact, soil productivity was often enhanced (Homburg, 1994; Homburg and Sandor, 1997, 2002, 2004). The few soil studies conducted thus far in the Southwest indicate that the consequences of agriculture are highly variable in terms of soil fertility and productivity, due to many interacting environmental and cultural factors (e.g., climate, topography, hydrology, soil type, native vegetation, crop type and variety, agricultural technology, and duration and intensity of cultivation).
Rationale for Tests Used in This Soil Study To document soil properties and assess anthropogenic effects of Zuni agriculture on soils in runoff fields, we measured long-term indicators of soil quality and sustainable land use, focusing on soil morphology, organic matter, and nutrients. A common outcome of long-term agriculture is degradation, whereby anthropogenic changes in soil properties cause a decline in agricultural productivity (Dale and Carter, 1955; Butzer, 1982; Hillel, 1991). Many studies of modern and ancient agri
Table I. Agricultural soil properties analyzed by this study.
Soil Property Criteria for Recognizing Degradation: Typical Causes and Consequences


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According to 2010 data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, just over 90% of all U.S. soybeans, 90% of U.S. sugar beets, and 85% of U.S. corn crops are genetically modified. (Because many foods contain cottonseed oil, it’s also worth noting that 90% of U.S. cotton crops are also genetically engineered.)
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Dr MARK DURENKAMP
Laboratory Analyst - Analytical Chemistry
Computational and Analytical Sciences
Mark joined the Analytical Chemistry Unit in 2015 and is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) for analysis of delta13C and delta15N in plant and soil samples. Additionally, he routinely operates the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and ICP-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for major and trace elemental analyses. He is also responsible for setting up new methods on the ICP-MS. Mark has previously worked in plant physiology/nutrition and soil microbiology, and brings his experience as a research scientist to his current role as an analyst.
- 2005 - PhD in Plant Physiology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- 2000 - MSc in Biology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands


2017 has been one of the mildest summers that we’ve had in several years, and we’ve been fortunate enough to enjoy more rainfall than average. But when it comes to Arkansas weather, you never quite know what to expect, and your water sprinkler system is typically your most effective line of defense against drought and summer weather extremes. And, at least once a season, it’s a good idea to schedule a routine maintenance appointment to make sure that your sprinkler system is in proper working order. In particular, you need to find and fix leaks and clogs, confirm that all of your sprinkler heads are functioning properly, and make sure that you have enough water pressure to get the job done without wasting water.
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When it comes to organic farming, one of the major questions that generally pops up is “Can it profitable for the farmers?” or “What benefit will the farmers get?”. Let’s imagine the future. If more and more consumers start purchasing organically grown produce, both the consumers and the farmers will land in a win-win situation. Consumers will be able to maintain a healthy lifestyle and famers will definitely earn a good living. Not only that, but organic farming is actually more convenient in practice than the conventional one. Think of all the money that will be saved if pesticides and other chemicals are not used. Now let’s come to the main problem that all the farmers face which is water shortage especially in the developing countries. The monsoon season is irregular. So many areas face droughts. How do we solve this? By following Organic Farming of course! Organically farmed soil has more water retaining capacity which results in higher yields. There was time when agriculture was practiced when these chemicals did not even exist. Mind you, there were less health problems back then.
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20.04.2019 Future Technologists and Biologists came back from the Congress of Young Scientists at ITMO
The students of the NovSU School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, future Agro-Processing Technologists and Biologists, came back from the Congress of Young Scientists, which is held by the St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University).
Technology students took part in the section “Applied Biotechnology”. This section was devoted to the study of fundamental problems of food and nutrition as the basis for creation of modern food technologies: the technology of milk and dairy products production; cooking and vegetable fats; ice cream with vegetable fats as well as the biotechnology of next generation dairy products.
The competition of reports on biotechnology of functional products is held within the section for admission to the ITMO University Master’s program. Novgorod students presented three reports: Erkinaz Hajiyevа - “Intensification of the fermentation process in the long loaf “Gorodskoy” production, Andrei Gromak -“Research of the properties of honey with dried fruit”, Alexander Popov -“Development of ground meat ingredients with pumpkin”. All of them were highly praised by the jury.
A student Margarita Vihrova of the Biology and Biological Department presented the report “Development of a Gluten-Free Bread Formulation” at the section “Biotechnology of Products from Plant Raw Materials”. Anna Ulyanova participated with the report “Development of the methods for coumarins isolation from hogweed” in the section “Industrial Ecology and Cleaner production”. In the section “Food Biotechnology of Products from Plant Raw Materials”, the report “Isolation of Bioflavonoids from Different Tea Sorts” was presented by Anna Ulezko. The experts noted a high significance of those researches and gave advice for more in-depth study of the topics.
All participants received an invitation for admission to the ITMO University Master’s program after graduation at NovSU.


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Feeding & Aeration, Spraying, Root Pruning, and Hedges
Feeding & Aeration
Compacting of soil and overall poor soil health can have a negative impact on trees. Feeding and aeration is a process by which the ground is loosened up(with a drill) and special fertilizer is injected to help the tree absorb more nutrients from the soil.
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At first glance, gardening can seem old fashioned. It takes a lot of hard work to garden and many people don’t have time to invest in it, especially when food and flowers are so easy to purchase. But gardening is so much more than that. It’s not just about consuming what you grow — it’s about the growth itself.
Three years ago, I started my first garden with my mom. I don’t remember how the subject came up. It might have had something to do with the four fruit trees that filled our newly-purchased backyard. But whatever the reason, we were thrilled. We began to collect seeds and sprouts in hopes of one day serving a fully organic, homemade meal to my father. It was only when all the tools were collected that I realized why I had put the hobby off for so long.
There in front of us sat an army of grass, weeds, rocks and roots. Our would-be garden was a mess, and the only way to grow was to get rid of all the dead weight holding us back. On the day we started clearing the field, I got several mosquito bites, cut my hand on a lemon tree and hit my head on a wall. Never before had I felt more like a city girl.
But the interesting thing is that I’m not alone in this. Across the nation, millennials are taking up gardening at surprising rates. A five-year study conducted by the National Gardening Survey in 2014 claimed there had been a 63 percent increase in millennial gardeners from 2008 to 2013, which translated to five million more young gardeners within a five-year span.
A more recent study conducted in 2018 says that millennials between the ages of 18 and 34 currently make up 29 percent of all gardening households. Conductors of the study suggest one of the reasons for the increased interest is due to a love for houseplants.
Many articles have been written to figure out why millennials are becoming “plant parents” in increasing numbers. NBC reporter Taylor Davies gave her response in a feature published last year.
“Beyond the nostalgia, millennials may be drawn to greenery because of the mental health benefits that come with fostering our green thumb,” Davies said.
When all the weeds had been pulled and all my cuts were healed, I began to see growth in my garden. It started small. I had planted flowers, fruits and vegetables, expecting none of them to grow. But I watered them every single day, no matter how busy I was with other things, and soon enough there were sprouts.
There is something utterly unique and impactful about watching something grow. One day, I was holding a sunflower seed, which was smaller than half a penny. Then, over the next few days, I watched it sprouted small green leaves. I could watch its growth every single day until eventually, the flower was taller than me.
The growth made me realize that God gives us the ability to create and sustain life. As humans, we can often take life for granted. We’re durable. We can survive a few cuts and bruises. But when it comes to taking care of a plant or garden, where the smallest inconvenience can kill your hard work, you begin to realize how easy it is for a thing to die and how important it is to persevere.
Because of this, gardens are often used as a form of therapy for the elderly, people who suffer with mental illness like depression or anxiety and for spiritual healing.
Therapeutic gardens, also known as Horticultural Therapy, can include mediation gardens that aim to uplift and heal the spirit, memory gardens ideal for people suffering with dementia and restorative gardens meant for those with mental illness, among others. These gardens can be found nearly anywhere from schools to hospitals, to designated city areas and prisons.
The National Garden Club serves to promote the learning and civic engagement of gardening across the U.S. They say, “Therapy gardens are designed to promote action. They encourage people to actually do the work of gardening as a form of therapy or treatment.”
It is hard to say in today’s world, that is so full of chaos and disorder, that gardening can make everything better. It can’t. But it can help. For some, gardening may be the first step forward towards a better and brighter future. It can uplift a person’s spirit in unpredictable ways and provide comfort and motivation for troubled times.


Elizabeth Sawin, “Dead Zone Economics”
The Sustainability Institute
October 1, 2002
The headline in the August 16 issue of Science magazine is ominous—“Dead Zone Grows.” To the right of the headline is a map of the Gulf of Mexico. And drawn on the map, hugging the shoreline, is an irregular green stripe. This is the Dead Zone, and area of the Gulf where oxygen levels are so low that most marine organisms—including crab and shrimp—cannot survive. A primary cause of the problem is fertilizer runoff from farms in the Mississippi River watershed. The runoff stimulates algae blooms. When the algae die, they sink to the bottom and decompose, using up oxygen in the process.
This year the Dead Zone is bigger than ever before -- 22,000 square kilometers—an area larger than New Jersey….
Farmers—like all entrepreneurs in free-market systems— compete to stay in business. And the terms of that competition are well defined. Who can produce the most grain for the least cost of labor, land, machinery, and inputs?The farmers who are the best at maximizing this equation—the most “efficient” farmers—are the most likely to stay in business. As the “least efficient” farmers and farming practices disappear, farming as a whole becomes more and more efficient. This has brought enormous innovation and gains in productivity. Yields of corn have risen from about 30 bushels per acre in 1940 to around 120 bushels per acre today….
The kind of efficiency that determines whether a farmer earns a profit and manages to hold on to his land is a very particular efficiency. It is the efficiency of producing just one thing—a crop—with the frugal use of a few things—labor, land, equipment, and inputs, like seed and fertilizer. There is nothing in this equation about producing health in the Gulf of Mexico or about being frugal with water quality. In the equation that determines who survives in farming, the Gulf of Mexico is invisible. And that is why the Gulf of Mexico has a Dead Zone and why that Dead Zone is growing.
It doesn’t have to be this way. There is nothing in our current definition of efficiency that is a natural law. We could re-orient our thinking to expand what we reward. We could begin to think of clean water or regenerating soil as products of farming in addition to wheat and barley. Many European countries have done just that. Farmers and farmland are seen as producing beauty, water purification and biodiversity as well as crops, and government programs offer payments for these other kinds of productivity.


If a Cactus Breaks Off How Do I Plant the Broken Piece
How to Repot Houseplants When repotting houseplants, make the new pot only one size larger. Late winter/early spring is a great time to repot houseplants since they’re getting ready to begin their spring growth spurt, and we gardeners are so stir crazy that we’re looking for …... Holding the plant and the root above the flower pot, slowly put the plant into the soil, spreading the roots to cover as much surface area of the soil. Put enough of the stem under the dirt so that the plant will stand up by itself in the flower pot.
How to Transplant Houseplants Garden Guides
These cuts do violence to the roots, but will allow new root growth at the cut sites, giving the plant a chance to spread its roots out in your garden’s soil, instead of …... 26/05/2016 · On average, it takes a month or two for your cuttings to root and become established enough that you can plant them. Tips for Plant Cuttings Early morning is usually the best time to take cuttings because the plant usually has the most moisture at this time.
Dieffenbachia Plant Care How To Grow Dumb Cane Epic
Keep pulling on the handles until the plant has completely split into two plants. If the resulting plants are a good size for replanting, meaning not so large you'll have to divide again next year or so large that they don't fit into the space you've allocated, you are done dividing and ready to replant. how to become a hedge witch How to Repot and Replant Container Grown Plants. Just about any plant may be grown in a container throughout it's entire life. This is true whether the plant is classified as a house plant, a perennial, an annual, shrub or tree. Sooner or later, the roots of a plant growing in a container will fill all of the available space and become rootbound. When this happens, the growth of the plant will
How To Repot Rootbound Plants Weekend Gardener
1. Cut the foliage back by half to make the plants easier to handle for division and to divert the energy to the bulbs after planting. The foliage grows back vigorously after the bulbs establish how to repair a cut on my vagina Hi Melissa. As long as the leaf is still good it can be sprouted. You will want to take a pot and some cacti soil, or like I do from my outdoor plant some of the natural soil, and plant the leaf just deep enough to hold the leaf upright.
How long can it take?
Aloe Vera Plant Growing & Usage Tips TipNut.com
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- How to Replant an Aloe Vera Plant eHow
- How to Divide Potted Plants Home Guides SF Gate
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How To Cut Plant Into Two Replant
Cut roots about 2-3 weeks prior to actual move to allow plant to adjust. Cut a circle around the tree large enough to encompass a good root mass. 5. Give the soil a good drench of water and ‘Seasol’. The Move 1. Water the tree well two days prior to the removal. 2. Dig under the root ball and cut roots with a sharp pruning saw. 3. Burlap (wrap up with hessian) the roots to secure the soil
- Cut plants apart when they have developed roots and replant them early in the growing season. Mound (Stool) Layering If you have closely branched or heavy-stemmed shrubs and rootstock of tree fruits that you’d like to propagate, try mound layering.
- The Clemson University Cooperative Extension recommends annual repotting for fast-growing plants, while slower growing plants may need transplanting every two or three years. The best time to repot most houseplants is spring and summer, when they are actively growing.
- 6. Place the bottom one-quarter of the cutting in the sand. Drive two dowels or stakes into the sand at the sides of the pot. Use dowels slightly taller or as tall as the cutting.
- Put it into cactus soil and start a new plant. Cacti, also known as succulents, are slow-growing plants native to the Americas, and grow well without needing water. By following a few steps, it is possible to plant the broken section of the cactus that will take root and grow for years to come.


Magic mushrooms, also known as fresh mushrooms or wonder mushrooms, are an casual, low-clean type of fungus, which normally possess psilocybine and psilocin. Among them are Gymnopilus sppPanaeolus, Copelandia, . and Inocybes varieties, Gymnium spp., and Pluteus types. These are identified in 2 communities, even if every one of these fungus are section of a singleChytridophyta and phylum: sub-aerials and aerobes. Sub-aeriales contain P. cubensis along with other mushrooms which grow in the surface of the planet, whereas individuals in the second crew are typically identified over soil.
Magic mushrooms is often distinguished from all other mushrooms by the look of their fruiting body systems. These fresh mushrooms do not have stigmas and they are in the shape of fresh mushrooms but do not have gills. The mushrooms that are largely used for remedies and foodstuff involve P. cubensis along with the other fungi which are common for their advantageous consequences. In most cases, using mushrooms to treat or maximizing a variety of conditions is dependent on the assumption that miraculous fresh mushrooms work most effectively fungi.
Although mushrooms are available in all styles,dimensions and colors, and types, mushroom farming carries a lengthy and extremely in depth history. The farming of fresh mushrooms goes back to ancient days. Early men that resided in several regions utilised the mushrooms that matured the natural way inside the environment about them. They used the mushrooms to supplementation your meal they had and give them vitality. The fresh mushrooms they consumed had been an excellent source of eating habits, due to the fact fresh mushrooms are full of healthy protein, vitamins, nutrients and soluble fiber and amino acids.
The farming of fresh mushrooms was the primary process of gentleman to happen on a commercial range. A German male, given its name Otto Hausfater, planted a mushroom lawn at the springtime in 1817 close to Munich, Germany. The fresh mushrooms he matured has become renowned simply because they contained a compound known as psilophylline which provided them the smelly aroma related to fresh mushrooms. The stink was so robust so it captivated some people, together with drawing the eye from the neighborhood administration.
On the nineteenth century, P. cubensis fresh mushrooms had been initially available commercially in Germany. A French lady, Marie-Cecile Deshayes, in 1835 commenced the farming of mushrooms in a spring within the River Rhone in France. Her mushroom farm became increasingly popular and she surely could gain lots of money from her fresh mushrooms by reselling them in Paris.
Within the 20th century, fresh mushrooms had been expanded in different parts of Europe. The majority of these mushroom farms started to be established in america. There may be 1 mushroom farm in the states that still increases fresh mushrooms with its unique position, which is a very respected institution.
Today, mushroom farming keeps growing quickly in the usa. Many farms will be in mushroom and surgery manufacturing is the second greatest industry in the usa. This sector produces about 80 % in the United States’ fresh mushrooms. Some of the mushrooms utilised in medicine and meal right now are derived from mushroom farms.
There are actually mushroom farms worldwide, many of them situated in Europe and Asia. Several mushrooms are expanded in the United States, especially P. cubensis mushrooms.
In picking a mushroom farm, you ought to take into account the natural environment in which the fresh mushrooms have been produced. A mushroom farm around a woodland or even a farm that could be close to a lake may be the most effective choice for you.
For anybody who is wondering about a mushroom farm, try to look for out how many other farms you can find close by, if your home is within the region that is certainly more opened and has minimal toxins. If you have sufficient clean air around, and types of weather conditions the place can be found in.
After you have uncovered a mushroom farm, take a look at how a farmers maintain the ground, how clean the area is, how neat and sanitized the equipment utilised, how risk-free the region is, just in case the location is clean and properly lit, uncover what variety of soil they already have, the volume of sunlight they get. You will probably want to determine how clear the environment is when the fresh mushrooms are harvested.
Some farm owners will offer you an assurance for his or her mushrooms prior to purchasing from their website. You will need to be sure the farm you end up picking has a good reputation and is dependable.
In case you have just about any questions with regards to where as well as the best way to make use of buy truffles online usa Https://trufflemushroomshop.org, you’ll be able to contact us with the web-site.
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Ethiopia’s rapid economic and agricultural growth over the past two decades is a well-known African success story. In 2000, Ethiopia ranked as the second-poorest country in the world, according to Oxford University’s Global Multidimensional Poverty Index. Then, thanks in large part to sustained investments in the agricultural sector, the economy grew and poverty fell. Ethiopia was the third-fastest growing country in the world from 2000 to 2018 based on GDP per capita, according to World Bank data.
The agrifood system has emerged as the backbone of this growing economy, with approximately three quarters of the labor force working in agriculture and related sectors. Ethiopia’s era of rapid agricultural transformation, however, has also presented challenges. For example, the economy is so reliant on wide scale agricultural production that the country risks overexploiting its natural resources.
In a new IFPRI book, Ethiopia’s Agrifood System: Past Trends, Present Challenges, and Future Scenarios, editors Paul Dorosh and Bart Minten present a holistic analysis of the country’s agricultural system and its long-term sustainability. Synthesizing decades worth of agricultural economic research, the book analyzes the past trends that have led to Ethiopia’s economic success, the current challenges from rapid development, and what’s at stake for the future of the agrifood system. Its conclusions draw on a diverse array of surveys, including those conducted by the USAID Feed the Future program, and the Household Income and Expenditure Survey and Annual Agricultural Sample Surveys of Ethiopia’s Central Statistical Agency (CSA).


Since it's incorporation in 1986,
Patanjali Foods Limited (formerly known as Ruchi Soya Industries Limited) has evolved as an integrated player in the edible oil business with a presence across the entire value chain, from farm to fork with secured access to palm oil plantations in India. Today we feature among the Top FMCG players as one of the leading manufacturer & marketer of healthy range of Edible Oils and a Pioneer of Soya Foods in India. It is also one of the largest palm plantation companies in India.
Today, we own 22 manufacturing units that cumulatively translate to a refining capacity of over 11000 tonnes per day, seed crushing capacity of 11000 tonnes per day and packaging capacity of 10000 tonnes per day. A Pan-India presence with strategically located manufacturing facilities striking the right balance between proximity to raw materials and markets coupled with an extensive distribution network and a large sales force in India has enabled the company to have smooth operations, higher production to meet the ever increasing domestic demand and has also enabled it to export by-products such as soya meal, lecithin and other food ingredients to other countries. We have access to exclusive procurement rights to over two lakh hectares of land in India with a potential of palm oil cultivation.


Today, the Provincial Federation of industry and Commerce party members, vice chairman Zheng Xianhong and his party came to my county on the part of enterprises in the field of scientific and technological innovation conducted field research!
Zheng Xianhong, member of the trade union party committee and vice president of Guangdong Province
The Standing Committee of the county Party committee, United Front Secretary Lu Weiliang, Vice Minister of the United Front Work Department of the county Party committee, Secretary of the Party committee of the County Federation of industry and commerce, Sun Zhanmin, accompanied by Chen Hang, chairman of the Federation of industry and Commerce of the county.
Zhejiang Pusen New Material Technology Co., Ltd
Research group and his party first came to Zhejiang, Sen Xin Mstar Technology Ltd, to understand the course of enterprise development, and in-depth workshop to see the production of high temperature resistant materials products.
As a national high-tech enterprise, relying on technological innovation and the rapid development of psons. The research group fully affirmed the psons product technology content, and requires companies to pay attention to the cultivation of the new generation of entrepreneurs, to continue the cooperation of universities and enhance their ability of scientific research.
Zhejiang Shijia Technology Co. Ltd.
Zhejiang Shijia Technology Co. Ltd., research a detailed understanding of the enterprise group engaged in green biological pesticide research and development, production and sales, and in the enterprise technology R & D center to view the actual sample testing and data analysis work, and require enterprises to maintain investment in scientific research, to create more new products to lead the market demand.
▲Zhejiang Shijia Technology Co. Ltd.
Chamber of Commerce Building
The same day, the research group also visited the County Chamber of Commerce building, understand the development situation of germany.
In addition, the research group of the national industry and commerce to visit two enterprises of science and technology prize award.
▲National Federation of industry and Commerce Award for science and technology
Congratulations on the two companies
County Federation of industry and Commerce will continue to help the non-public sector of the economy continue to develop


The Darjeeling is a tasty tea which give fruity and woody aromas. This tea is tasted naturally, without milk or lemon. This tea is a superior blend including a high proportion of leaves from the spring harvest.
Darjeeling is called “the champagne of tea” for the spring harvest. This tea comes from the high plains of Darjeeling city, in India, at over than 2000 meters of altitude.
Several crops are produced. The first harvest takes place in the spring, at this moment the tea flavour is fresh and flowery. Production quantities are limited and the demand exerted is considerable. The summer picking gives velvety teas with woody and fruity flavours. Teas from monsoon harvest and autumn, less popular, are very full-bodied and give ripe fruit flavour.
Composition : Indian black tea
1 Box of 25 Tea Bags
Net weight 50g


A trifecta is generally described as a type of bet where, in order to win, the bettor must pick the top three finishers in the correct order. Here are the weekend’s top three:
- Pumpkins, cornstalks, and apple fritters (yes, we had them again). I was talking with a friend of mine in our Rochester office the other day. He and his family used to live a few minutes south of here, but sold their house and moved closer to the Mother Ship. One thing he misses since he moved is getting pumpkins at Hourigan’s Farm. They have the best selection, all different sizes and shapes and yes, colors – and all pumpkins are $2 or less. They also have gourds, and pie pumpkins, and corn stalks, and Indian corn, and seasonal squash for sale, and even hayrides. It looks right, it smells right, and it’s always on our list as well. Today we got several pumpkins and some corn stalks with great tassels for the porch and for the fences in the front garden,as well as gourds for inside. I got everything decorated, and we look pretty good. And, happily, the orchard with the great fritters I mentioned a couple of weeks ago is between the pumpkins and home, so we made a stop there as well.
- Fall in the garden. The black walnuts were all picked up, the lawn is mowed front and back, and we’re still getting quite a bit of blooming for this late. Roses, including the ones in My Sweet Baboo’s garden, a couple we have in pots, and my minis and Happy Chappys are all blooming, as are a few of my remaining Simplicity hedge roses. The mums are all coming along now, as are the asters, and we both still have blanket flowers blooming along side the several different varieties of sedum that are very pretty this time of year. And dandelions – sadly, I saw one of the bright yellow demons today when I was mowing - it just doesn’t seem fair! I got the first 50 bulbs in today – daffodils and most of the green tulips I ordered. We started getting the more tender of the houseplants back inside, and I’ve put some time into trying to figure out how they all came out of the house, since I can’t figure out where to put them all now…
- ...Which brings me to number three on the list – rearranging furniture. It’s not so much the rearranging that puts it on the top three, it’s the being done with rearranging that helps this one make the list. A couple times a year, I rearrange the plant room. Saturday I decided that this was the time to do it, since we were bringing some of the plants back in. In my family, rearranging furniture is always done by the women, and usually when it’s dark. My Mom and I never used to even start until dark, and typically didn’t finish until well past our bedtime. Today, I got an uncharacteristically early start – around 5 – and had most of the heavy lifting done before dinner. After that it was a piece of cake to at least get everything back in the room. I’ll do the final stuff tomorrow but at least I don’t have a coffee table in the dining room anymore.
Hope you were able to take advantage of this fantastic weekend!


The dark green gourd bottle is the classic packaging image of Bawang. It has a strong veteran style that young people generally look down on. In order to change this very earthy impression, Bawang has carried out a "big change" and changed it into fashion. The flat-shoulder round bottle, with illustrations on the bottle body, and electroplated gold at the mouth of the bottle, the overall feeling is very fresh. As soon as this package came out, it immediately sparked a heated discussion, and it also attracted a lot of young fans. If you want to say, the shampoo bottle packaging can help you make a sound. Dove has launched four limited-edition packaging, still the bottle, but the content of the bottle has been replaced with new content. Like the popular lyrics bottle and emoji bottle, the bottle also contains some touching copywriting. In addition, Dove has also launched a "female body bottle", a variety of special-shaped bottles represent women of different shapes, very interesting and meaningful. In addition to the above two cases, some brands have also achieved brand upgrades by changing shampoo bottle packaging, so packaging sometimes plays a key role in winning the brand. If you are interested in plastic packaging bottles, Jie Lisi PET plastic packaging bottles-small quantities, fast shipping, high quality.
Perfume nozzles are high consumables in the cosmetics industry, with large dosages and quick updates. At present, most manufacturers on the market use disc machines for assembly, and the assembly efficiency is 40-50 pieces per minute. The production efficiency is low and cannot meet the needs of the market.
Agricultural sprayers use plastic nozzles for spraying. Not only are the nozzles cheap, only 5 yuan each, and the atomization quality is similar to that of copper nozzles, but if your pesticide water quality is poor and the nozzle is blocked, you often use iron wire and bamboo sticks to dig. It may increase the size of the plastic nozzle, which affects the increase in atomization. But it doesn't matter. Anyway, the price of a copper nozzle is three times that of a plastic nozzle. If the fog quality of your plastic nozzle is really not good, you can buy a new one at the agricultural material store and replace it. The sprayer is an important tool for farmers in farming. It is mainly used to spray a variety of pesticides. When using the sprayer, the atomization effect of the sprayer is an important indicator of the quality of the sprayer. The better the atomization of the sprayer, the better the sprayer. The smaller the droplets are, the more even the spray will be on the crops. Whether it is insecticide or sterilization, the effect will be better. In the development of sprayers, there have been two types of spray nozzles, one is metal and the other is plastic. So, what kind of spray nozzle is better? What does the 60-year-old farmer say? When spraying pesticides with agricultural sprayers, which of the copper nozzle or the plastic nozzle is good for atomization? Qixing old farmers personally think that these two nozzles are good for atomization, and there is no difference. The size, distance and thickness of the fog can be adjusted by the nozzles. They are basically headless with copper nozzles and plastic nozzles. It is said that the price of copper nozzles is a little higher than that of plastic nozzles, and everyone has their own advantages and disadvantages. Agricultural sprayers use copper nozzles to spray agricultural sprayers to spray crops. As long as the water you blend passes through the filter of the large lid of the medicine bucket, and the filter is filtered in two ways with the switch filter, the medicine in the bucket will be cleaner. This way It won’t block the spray nozzles, right, so if you use copper nozzles, it’s just a bit more expensive. A nozzle costs about ten yuan, but copper nozzles just say they won’t rust, but they are relatively thin. Falling on the concrete floor will allow it to break.
Researchers explained on Tuesday that vanillin is a compound that imparts the flavor of vanilla to food and is the main component of vanilla beans. It is responsible for the unique taste and smell of vanilla. Therefore, the study quoted experts as saying that recent experiments to convert plastics into vanillin can promote a circular economy, aiming to eliminate waste, maintain the use of products and materials, and have a positive impact on synthetic biology. The researchers further added that the produced vanillin is suitable for human consumption, but more experimental tests are needed. "Vanillin is widely used in the food and cosmetic industries, as well as in the formulation of herbicides, defoamers and cleaning products. In 2018, the global demand for vanillin exceeded 37,000 tons," said a scientist at the University of Edinburgh. Therefore, according to the first author of the study, Joanna Sadler (Joanna Sadler), the use of biological systems to upgrade plastic waste into valuable industrial chemicals is exciting. Nevertheless, there is still uncertainty about whether vanillin extracted from plastic waste meets consumer regulatory standards. Scientists have discovered a new method to remove plastic waste, through a series of chemical reactions to convert post-consumer PET into vanillin or vanilla flavor. A group of scientists from the University of Edinburgh in the UK successfully modified E. coli in the laboratory to convert the molecule terephthalic acid from PET into a molecule known for giving vanilla its unique taste and smell. The researchers explained in the study published in "Green Chemistry" that plastic is a "rich and extremely useful material, which has a wide range of applications throughout society." Therefore, the team decided to try to convert plastic waste into a method with higher value and more industrial applicability.
The design of cosmetic packaging bottles is constantly innovating. From the beginning of the plastic cap, the squeeze cap to the final spray pump, each time is to better store the cosmetics and make it easier for people to use. So what we mainly understand today is what are the advantages of cosmetic spray pumps?


If you enjoy having a beautiful, well manicured lawn, but you don’t have the time to keep it up yourself, contact a company that specializes in lawn maintenance in Milwaukee, WI. A lawn service company has the knowledge and experience to maintain your lawn and landscaping year round. Below you’ll learn what a lawn care service company can do to keep your lawn looking beautiful so you don’t have to.
This particular part of lawn management is keeping your lawn healthy through several different methods. The lawn experts may add fertilizer to your lawn so that it grows green and lush. Your lawn may need aerated, which consists of poking holes into your yard to break up compacted soil and to allow more oxygen to get to the roots of the grass. Weed and insect control is also important for a healthy lawn and a lawn care professional can treat your lawn if weeds or insects are present.
Regularly maintaining your lawn will keep it looking green, lush and well cared for. Lawn maintenance includes weekly mowing, trimming and weed eating every month or just during specific months of the year. During the winter months of the year when you don’t need weekly upkeep, you’ll be able to schedule your lawn maintenance in Milwaukee, WI only when you need it. Speak with a representative of the lawn service company to choose a lawn maintenance schedule that works the best for you.
A professional lawn care service can create any type of landscaping design that you want. After your landscaping is complete, the lawn care service will maintain your yard with mulching, pruning, and caring for your trees and shrubs. If you have ornamental trees in your yard, the crew will care for your trees all year long with fertilization, feeding, and keeping them free of insects and disease.
Bluemel’s Garden & Landscape Center offers lawn care and maintenance, landscaping and pressure washing. to learn more information about their services and to receive a free estimate for your residential or commercial lawn project.
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Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) an arm of the United Nations has warned of imminent global food shortages caused by measures to stem the spread of the novel coronavirus. “Coronavirus is affecting the labour force and the logistical problems are becoming very important, We need to have policies in place so the labour force can keep doing their job. Protect people too, but we need the labour force. Major countries have yet to implement these sorts of policies to ensure that food can keep moving.” Maximo Torero, chief economist of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, told the guardian.
This is coming at the back of stay at home order by the Federal Government of Nigeria and many states government aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19. The Lockdown has crippled business activities with many self employed businesses badly hit.


Kathryn is the farm business manager. She takes care of bookkeeping, marketing, social media, the website and all the paperwork.
Kathryn: "For over 30 years I listened to the native elders and my mentors talk about how 'food is medicine' but nobody spoke about they how or why. For me, biodynamic agriculture is the missing link. It answers those questions. More and more, I see many people suffering with serious health issues related to generational consumption of eating toxic foods. It is my dream that by what we do here at Earth Haven Farm can bring awareness to how healthy, nutritious food is actually grown, and thus educate people to become smarter consumers and live healthier lives. Food truly is medicine."
In 2014, Kathryn quite working full-time employment off the farm, and joined the farm full-time. From the beginning, in 2006, she has remained committed to the success of Earth Haven Farm just as her son, Aric.
Kathryn attributes her love of gardening and animals to her parents' and grandparents' influences.
Growing up, Kathryn lived and worked in the suburbs of Oakville, Burlington and Barrie. She worked in sales, marketing, graphic design and business administration for some major corporations and has over 35 years of work experience. Leaving the city and the suburbs to live a simple life has not been easy, but it has certainly been a most rewarding experience for her.
Kathryn: "Watching my son embrace the farm and grow to have a deep spiritual connection to Mother Earth has brought me incredible pride and joy over the years. I am now watching my daughter and my grand-children interact with our farm life and are seeing those same connections being made with them. It is my hope and dream that Earth Haven Farm will become a family farm legacy for future generations. I also hope to inspire and grow a community around us so that we can support each other."
Kathryn is devoted to promoting and supporting biodynamic, organic, permaculture, restorative and sustainable farming and gardening practices that she believes can sustain the future. In 2016, Kathryn partnered with Rosemary Tayler to create the Earth Haven Learning Centre which is located at Earth Haven Farm. Earth Haven Learning Centre is the creator and publisher of the Celestial Planting Calendar. For more information, visit www.earthhavenlearning.ca, and follow posts on facebook.
Kathryn: "The world we live in is changing faster and faster, like a whirl wind, it is difficult to keep up. Climate change, weather patterns, the economy, and social issues are evolving in many directions. Each year those changes affect us here on the farm too. The way that we live, how we travel from place to place, what we eat and how we choose to live is changing with each year. It is my hope that the knowledge, wisdom and education that we can bring to the farm through our yearly experiences will help to open the hearts, minds and souls of people to methods of farming, gardening and living that they may not have considered in the past."


Stone crop skincare merchandise are Eminence Organics classics for good purpose. From our award-winning Stone Crop Masque to the best-selling Stone Crop Hydrating Mist, skincare fanatics will at all times discover a place on their rest room shelf for these perennial favorites that hydrate and brighten the looks of darkish spots. To assist enhance your complexion, learn the way this stone crop ingredient may also help soothe dry pores and skin and decrease the seen indicators of getting older.
Stone crop is a small, succulent plant generally present in Hungary, and its identify actually means “a crop grown in stone.” This distinctive plant can thrive in rocky soil and might even develop on high of rocks alone. With its shallow root system, it requires little or no soil or water to flourish. This hardy succulent does finest in a average, dry atmosphere however can survive nearly anyplace with slightly care. One unbelievable utility for the stone crop plant? It’s supreme for inexperienced roofs as a result of it is straightforward to develop, does not entice pests and is immune to illness.
To supply our stone crop merchandise, the plant is hand processed from starting to finish. We hand decide every stone crop, reduce it into quarters, then press out the contemporary juice that retains all of the pure hydrating qualities of the plant.
One other processing methodology we use is drying and pulverizing the succulent into powder earlier than mixing it right into a skincare product. Watch our Made In Hungary video above to see our stone crop crops picked and sorted, hand reduce and squeezed into our farm contemporary merchandise.
Fascinating reality: The stone crop plant turns purple in chilly climate. To be sure that merchandise like our Stone Crop Whip Moisturizer and Stone Crop Masque hold their vibrant inexperienced coloration, we plant our stone crop crops in trays and convey them indoors earlier than the primary chilly snap!
Like different succulents (assume aloe vera and prickly pear), stone crop affords deeply efficient but light-weight hydration. As Eminence Organics President Boldijarre Koronczay defined to DAYSPA: “…the stone crop plant assists in … firming the dermis, moisturizing and serving to cut back indicators of getting older.”
Most succulents have a really shallow root system, counting on rainfall, mist or dew to supply all of the water it must thrive. The form of stone crop funnels water into the middle of the plant, the place it’s saved till the plant wants to make use of the water to develop.
1. Heals Dry Pores and skin
Like different succulents, stone crop has tailored to a dry atmosphere by retaining giant quantities of water in its stem and leaves. Our Basic Supervisor, Attila Koronczay, tells Dermstore: “Most succulents have a really shallow root system, counting on rainfall, mist or dew to supply all of the water it must thrive. The form of stone crop funnels water into the middle of the plant, the place it’s saved till the plant wants to make use of the water to develop.” This water-storing functionality permits stone crop to deeply hydrate and heal dry and dehydrated complexions.
2. Soothes Irritated, Dry Pores and skin
For hundreds of years, stone crop has been utilized in people medication for calming dry irritated pores and skin. The bruised leaves of the contemporary plant or juice collected from its leaves had been historically utilized as a poultice to deal with a big selection of pores and skin issues, together with burns, eczema and ulcers. This potential to appease makes stone crop a perfect treatment for uncomfortable signs of dry, delicate pores and skin, resembling redness and itching.
3. Brightens The Look Of Pores and skin
When darkish spots seem in your complexion, your pores and skin has gone into overdrive producing melanin. That is typically resulting from stress resembling UV publicity or hormonal imbalances. Just like different pure hydroquinone alternate options, stone crop brightens the looks of pores and skin by affecting a few of these processes. Over time, this minimizes the look of darkish spots and contributes to a extra even-looking complexion.
4. Smooths The Look Of Wrinkles
Scientific research affirm that stone crop is wealthy in antioxidants that cut back the seen indicators of getting older. Antioxidants like anthocyanin and quercetin neutralize free radicals that contribute to the look of untimely getting older. They assist delay the emergence of the looks of advantageous traces and wrinkles and assist pores and skin keep wanting youthful for longer.
Who higher to suggest choices from our Stone Crop Assortment than Eminence Organics Lead Pores and skin Care Coach Natalie Pergar? Watch the complete In The Combine video under, and skim alongside for Natalie’s recommendation on the way to use stone crop merchandise.
Hello! I am Natalie with Eminence Natural Pores and skin Care and welcome again to a different one in all our lovely episodes of In The Combine. Actually excited when this got here to my plate as a result of I have been dying to speak about this superb, superb plant – stone crop.
It is a succulent. It’s superb. And it has been round for a extremely very long time. A few of us might even acknowledge it. It’s possible you’ll even have it rising proper outdoors your own home proper now. We see succulents getting used lots for issues like inexperienced design to higher the environment, and it’s been an inspiration for us at Eminence to make use of as one in all our signature scents and components. We’ve constructed a complete vary impressed by this plant, known as our Stone Crop Assortment.
When In Doubt – Stone Crop It Out
… At Eminence Organics, now we have this fabulous little tagline that we use: “When unsure, stone crop it out,” and that is for good purpose. It’s good for all pores and skin varieties; everyone can use it.
Gents that I do know additionally take pleasure in utilizing it as a result of it is very contemporary in scent – not extremely floral – making it very pleasant for anybody to make use of. Stone crop additionally helps decrease the looks of redness from dry pores and skin so, fascinated with males who typically shave their face, our stone crop merchandise are nice to assist soothe the pores and skin after shaving.
[The Stone Crop Collection includes] Stone Crop Gel Wash – a Prime Ten product, Stone Crop Masque, Stone Crop Hydrating Gel, Stone Crop Whip Moisturizer and Stone Crop Serum. One in all my favourite components concerning the Stone Crop Assortment is that they provide you an possibility of utilizing a pleasant light-weight gel to complete your own home care routine or you should use a cream. So, whether or not you are oily-combination or combination-to-dry, it is a actually nice piece to introduce a group to your pals, household or your self.
You may additionally take pleasure in our Stone Crop Cleaning Oil from our Microgreens Assortment. Any of you who use cleaning oils will know that they are fabulous for double cleaning, an extremely helpful approach for you make-up gurus on the market as a result of it actually helps to carry and pull every thing off. This cleaning oil can also be very efficient for these of you who’re coping with downside pores and skin. Don’t overlook: oil for oil. Simply because you’ve got an oilier pores and skin kind does not imply you’ll be able to’t use cleaning oils. It will depart the face fantastically even in tone afterwards.
We additionally added Stone Crop Oxygenating Fizzofoliant on this assortment, which is just like the sister or the brother to our Strawberry Rhubarb Dermafoliant. Take any cleanser you want. You could possibly even use Stone Crop Cleaning Oil or Stone Crop Gel Wash and use a few shakes, including slightly little bit of water. It will actually assist with pores and skin that’s experiencing milia, blackheads and congestion.
The one product I am unable to reside with out, to be trustworthy, is our Stone Crop Hydrating Mist. Any of you who love mineral make-up or powders, this mist is tremendous sensible as a setting spray. It does not depart a dry residue and it actually makes the pores and skin look not tremendous dewy, however very hydrated. It’s my gymnasium bag companion. It is the factor that refreshes me all day lengthy. It smells superb and it does not annoy anyone sitting beside you both. As I stated, when unsure, stone crop it out!
We’ve different stone crop merchandise as effectively, together with Stone Crop Physique Lotion. This lovely succulent plant really has lots to supply and has impressed one of the particular traces that now we have.
When you’re already a fan of our signature stone crop ingredient, elevate your physique care ritual with the Stone Crop Physique Assortment. Go to our Spa Locator and expertise it with your favourite Eminence Organics Spa Associate.
This text was initially written in December 2018.


By Bryan Swingle and Keith Perry
A destructive form of blackleg disease was reported across the United States in 2015 and 2016, with Long Island and other production areas in the Northeast particularly hard hit. The disease is associated with seed piece decay, uneven and non-emergence, tuber soft rot, yellowing and wilting of plants, and a conspicuous basal stem rot moving upward from affected tubers.
Blackleg disease is managed through a combination of planting clean seed stocks and adherence to sanitation practices. This approach to managing blackleg associated with the pathogen Pectobacterium sp. has proven effective for decades, but a newly emerging pathogen, Dickeya sp., has caused the significant losses seen in the past two growing seasons. There are no commercial potato varieties resistant to the pathogens. Losses occurred in fields planted with certified seed. Addressing this problem is requiring a revision of potato seed certification standards.
Information is key to finding solutions; a Cornell and USDA research team is requesting help from growers by submitted samples. A leading priority is to understand the prevalence of each of the pathogens Dickeya and Pectobacterium, and to determine the level of variability among strains. Are we dealing with one new pathogen or several? Are our diagnostic assays adequate for detecting all isolates? These are the questions we are trying to address.
Samples can be submitted for diagnostics. We will confirm the disease and can determine if Dickeya is present. If you have plants suspected to have blackleg disease, contacts are Bryan Swingle (email@example.com; 607-255-7894) and Keith Perry (firstname.lastname@example.org); email is preferred. Growers can also contact the Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic (http://plantclinic.cornell.edu/; email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.org; 607-255-7850). In addition to your contact information, we would like to know the name of the variety, the appearance of the field from where the sample was taken, the county location, and comments on field or environmental conditions.
The sampling and packaging is important. Pull the plant out of the ground and if sizeable, cut off the upper foliage and stems well above any visible stem discoloration or rot. Send us the base of the plant with stems and roots attached. Select plants that have a limited amount of disease; do not send severely diseased plants with extensive rot that will liquefy during shipping. Packaging in paper is preferred; plants in plastic bags will rot with warmer temperatures. Deliver to the Cornell or Geneva campus, or ship overnight. Contact us if you wish to defer the costs of shipping.


Pakistan begins another tough Kharif season. Sindh and Punjab debate their share in this water scarcity, especially with water scarcity at the beginning of the season, shooting more than 30% and risking rising to higher levels as the river’s flow decreases as the temperature rises. are doing it
Statistical reality presents a grim picture. Pakistan started the season with two major reservoirs depleted. Tarbella Dam and Cashma are dead, Lake Mangla is only 354,000 acres. Last year, the country kicked off the season with 1.57 million acres of water. Even taking into account an average of over a million acres over the past decade, this year started off with a third.
Last week added a shortage. Friday (April 8, 2022) At the time this line was written, Mangla Lake had fallen to 246,000 acres, with Tarbella and Chashma remaining at dead levels. This is because the daily stream flow did not improve despite the high temperatures in both dam basins. On April 1, the total flow of rivers across the country was recorded at 82,100 cusecs. On April 8, it stood at 82,700 Cusec, in contrast to 104,900 Cusec on the same day last year and 137,700 Cusec as the 10-year average. During these eight days, temperatures in the northern regions rose from 11 degrees Celsius to 22 degrees Celsius. If the water level in Lake Mangla falls below the tectonic level of the spillway (1,091 feet), runoff will further decrease to 32,000 cusec, putting additional pressure on irrigation supplies in the Punjab region.
Last year, the country kicked off the season with 1.57 million acres of water. That’s about five times more than it has to contend with this year.
The Indus River System Authority (Irsa) has not yet released a final consensus deficit figure, but it was already delivering a 30pc shortage to Sindh and Punjab. Similarly, Sindh received 31,500 cusecs for an indent of 44,700 cusecs. Both absorbed exactly 29pc shortfall.
This is a water environment where Punjab plans to plant the largest and most nationally important cotton crop on 4.5m acres. Although the Federal Commission on Cotton has not yet officially designated a target for the state. Driven by better yields last year, higher rates and a return to farmers’ interest in crops, Punjab is targeting a 45% increase from 3.1 million acres last year to 4.5 million acres this year.
The performance of last year’s crop has encouraged fats to achieve even higher goals. In addition to better germination, a significant increase in plant populations (from 15,500 in 2020 to 17,800 per acre in 2021) has increased the average yield from 15.68 mounds in 2020 to 19.62 mounds in Punjab last year. It was even better in Sindh. At 30 mounds per acre, it raised the national average to 25 mounds per acre. Officially holding it in your hands only added to the economic effect of the harvest.
These factors helped put the crop back on the road of revival, and it was expected to reclaim acres lost to competing crops such as rice and sugarcane in the region. However, water turned out to be a major stumbling block during sowing. To complicate matters even more, whole crops are sown in brackish areas that are completely dependent on canal water.
Dr Saghir Ahmad, chief economist at the Multan Institute, warns: “The water problem could take up to a million bales.” The water problem was one of the many reasons for the reduction in area last year, and it was the same this year. Not only does it affect the sowing, but it continues to affect the crop throughout its entire life cycle. Seeding can be suppressed at the sowing stage. During the fruiting stage, it can cause shedding and affect yield. When a pest attack weakens a plant, the damage can be much higher than otherwise. Punjab may not reach its target area. Only time will tell how much you lose. But he certainly predicts that it will be.
“The farmer survey is showing an upward trend this year, but that increase is over 3.1 million acres last year,” asserts one USDA employee. “We are doing our best, but 4.5m acres (45pc increase) seems too much to achieve in any way given the exceptional water stress along with other reasons such as high production costs. It is hoped that rising temperatures may reduce shortages. However, even if water conditions improve in the next week or two, it may take another two weeks for the water to reach southern Punjab, narrowing the sowing window.
A farmer in central Punjab, Abad Khan, believes that the coarse-grained rice varieties in the central region (Sahiwal, Arifwala, Pakpattan or Potato Belt) that plant seedlings in March and go to fields in April require large amounts of rice. water. Similarly, the corn crop has grown 1.5 to 2 feet tall and needs to be watered twice a week in this hot weather. All of these crops are suffering right now and will inevitably suffer.
Rice from the Basmati Belt can avoid the crisis as it is transplanted into fields in July, when the monsoon begins to replenish supplies. However, all other crops are under stress, he predicts, and will continue to do so until late Kharif when the tribe drops to 6pc based on current Irsa calculations, he predicts.
Posted in Dawn, Business and Finance Weekly, April 11, 2022


Need More Acres Farm provides fresh local produce to families all around the region. As a member of Need More Acres, you'll support local agriculture will getting the very best in seasonal produce for your table, year round!
FRUIT & VEGETABLE SHARE
Over the year you will enjoy the bounty from our gardens and high tunnels. CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) members receive 7-12 fruits and vegetables a week with the occasional extra item. In joining the Fruit & Vegetable Share option you will also be able to purchase protein (chicken, beef, pork) from the farm as it becomes available. $35 per week.
Visit the farm each week and "take all you can eat". That's right, you will be able to have "free choice" of all the vegetables, eggs, beef, pork, milk, prepared food and bread you can eat for the week. You will also receive "shares" of specialty items like olive oil, real salt and fruit. In addition, you will have the option to purchase bulk food items at wholesale costs from our new farm kitchen. $7,000 per year.
Nathan sets up at the Community Farmers Market every Saturday, 8:00-1:00pm at 2319 Nashville Road next to the WKU Bookstore.
Our farm products are also available at The Fatted Calf, HOTEL INC, Bowling Green City Schools, Allen County Schools, and HOME Cafe & Marketplace.
Crowns, Buds, & Stalks
Kernels, Legumes, & Pods
Herbs, Onions, & Extras


Marada WineryMr. Petr Marada, graduate of Horticular Faculty in Lednice, part of Mendel University in Brno, established winery in September 2006 in Mikulčice.
We are tagging on the family agricultural tradition, even though the wine production was only smaller part of our overall farming business. Our obligation to the family heritage is the hard and honest work without which we would not be able to produce good quality wine.
Old farmers saying goes: What is early – is always. What is late – is only sometimes…
The wine production cycle starts already at the vineyards during wintertime. The climate conditions are critical for the quality of the grapevine; it’s fertility, which is the base for blooming, growing the grapes as well as maturing of the grapes. Positive course during these phases is very depended on climatic conditions and good wine grower must react to these conditions accordingly. There is not such thing like general rule how to grow and produce wine. Each vintage is so different and good wine grower must “ listen” to the grapevines, follow it’s needs and react at the right time. If any mistake is done, next chance to correct will be following year.
Philosophy of wine is based on simplicity – less intervention from the wine grower gives more space for the wine grape individuality. We grant our wines time and space to develops it’s true flavors and bouquets without too much intervention. We are specialized on rather dry wines with the focus on purity of wine types and individuality. White wines age in the stainless steel tanks, selected grapes in oak or acacia barrels. Almost all red wines go thru natural vinification in wooden barrels.


What photosynthesis and then these plants and bacteria and algae are able to harness that somehow and turn them into sugars that we can then eat or. Labbench activity plant pigments and photosynthesis by theresa knapp holtzclaw introduction in photosynthesis, plant cells convert light energy into chemical. Drumroll photosynthesis learn how plants and other photosynthetic organisms use light energy to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis, generally, is the synthesis of sugar from light, carbon dioxide and water, with oxygen as a waste product it is arguably the most important biochemical pathway known nearly. Photosynthesis light interception by leaves powers photosynthesis all organisms, animals and plants, must obtain energy to maintain basic biological functions for. Photosynthesis is a process in which green plants use energy from the sun to transform water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and organic compounds. How to explain photosynthesis photosynthesis, the most important reaction on earth, is the basis of life on the planet an understanding of it, and its counterpart. Biology4kidscom this tutorial introduces photosynthesis other sections include animal systems, cells, vertebrates, and invertebrates.
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that’s vital to most life on earth in this process, plants use the sun, carbon dioxide and water to create food energy. Full answer photosynthesis occurs in plants and in some algae the process takes place in the chloroplasts, primarily in plant leaves carbon dioxide enters the. Photosynthesis - an overview there are 3 basic types of photosynthesis: c 3, c 4, and cam each has advantages and disadvantages for plants living in different habitats. An exploration of the history of plant biology from nova: earth this segment takes the viewer from the earliest scientific hypotheses that plants ate dirt, to our present-day understanding. Key plant process - photosynthesis (6 steps) learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free.
In the general sense, photosynthesis occurs in plants in specialized organelles on each leaf called chloroplasts more specifically, each chloroplast is filled with fluid called stroma that. Photosynthesis is the process where plants make their own food from sunlight most plants are able to make food directly from light energy, for example the sun. Environmental scientists recognize that the fundamental source of energy for most life on earth is the sun through photosynthesis, plants capture the light and. Photosynthesis & cellular respiration had a biology test animal and plant cells the stages of photosynthesis 1.
Define photosynthesis photosynthesis synonyms, photosynthesis pronunciation, photosynthesis translation, english dictionary definition of photosynthesis photosynthesis a sunlight is. Photosynthesis is the process by which all autotrophic organisms like green plants, algae and photosynthetic bacteria uses light energy to make sugar and oxygen gas.
Explore heather bowen's board plants/photosynthesis on pinterest | see more ideas about life science, physical science and ap biology. Photosynthesis is a chemical process through which plants, some bacteria and algae, produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, using only light as a.
Photosynthesis | photosynthesis in plants | photosynthesis - biology basics for children | science | elearnin photosynthesis hello kids do you know.
The measured rate of photosynthesis as a function of absorbed wavelength correlates well with the light was not the limiting resource in photosynthesis for plants. For the most part, when thinking of organisms that carry-out photosynthesis, it is safe to picture plants it's not that we have any right to ignore the. The photosynthetic efficiency is the fraction of light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in plants and algae photosynthesis can be described by the simplified. Photosynthesis photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water this glucose.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other things make food it is a chemical process that uses sunlight to turn carbon dioxide into sugars the cell can. Basic products of photosynthesis as has been stated, carbohydrates are the most-important direct organic product of photosynthesis in the majority of green plants. Define photosynthesis: six-part series includes topics on: the cell and structure of a plant, mineral nutrition and photosynthesis, respiration and metabolism. Table of comparison of the types of photosynthesis based on the pathway that plants employ in reducing co2 to carbohydrate.


The upkeep of a well-maintained garden is a source of pride for homeowners, offering a tranquil escape from the hectic pace of daily life.
Whether you have a vast estate or a compact urban sanctuary, the key to enjoying your outdoor space lies in effective garden maintenance. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore crucial tips and strategies to streamline the process of caring for your garden, ensuring it remains a captivating and inviting haven throughout the seasons.
Strategic Garden Design
Begin by planning and designing your garden with low-maintenance principles in mind. Opt for low-maintenance plant varieties and consider incorporating hardscape elements like paths and patios. These choices not only enhance your garden’s visual appeal but also reduce the overall upkeep required.
Routine Weed Management
Weeds can quickly become a gardener’s arch-nemesis. Maintaining a weed-free garden requires consistent effort. Invest in quality weeding tools and address weeds when they are small and easy to remove.
The Magic of Mulch
Mulch serves as a dual-purpose garden hero. It helps retain soil moisture while also serving as a natural weed deterrent. Applying a layer of mulch around your plants can significantly reduce the need for weeding and give your garden a well-groomed appearance.
Pruning and Shaping
Proper pruning and trimming are critical for your garden’s health and aesthetics. Trim overgrown branches, eliminate dead or diseased foliage, and keep unruly shrubs in check. Pruning encourages healthy growth and flowering in numerous plant species.
Water is vital for plant health, but it’s important not to overdo it. Consider investing in a soaker hose or a drip irrigation system to ensure a consistent water supply. To minimise water wastage, water during the early morning or late evening hours when evaporation rates are lower.
Regularly nourishing your plants with the right fertilisers ensures they receive essential nutrients for growth. Utilise a balanced, slow-release fertiliser or explore organic alternatives like compost and mulch.
Managing Pests and Diseases
Vigilance is key when it comes to pests and diseases that can harm your plants. Detect problems early and take appropriate action, whether it involves employing natural remedies, organic pesticides, or consulting with gardening professionals.
Porcelain pavers are a popular and innovative choice for outdoor flooring. These pavers are made from high-quality porcelain fired at extreme temperatures to create a dense, durable, and low-porosity material. They are known for their exceptional strength, resistance to stains, and frost-proof qualities, making them ideal for various outdoor applications such as patios, walkways, and pool decks.
Porcelain pavers come in a wide array of colours, textures, and sizes, offering versatility and the ability to mimic the look of natural stone or wood while requiring minimal maintenance. Their non-slip surface, longevity, and resistance to fading make them a favoured option for creating elegant and long-lasting outdoor spaces. Among the essential aspects of garden maintenance, incorporating tips on how to clean porcelain pavers can ensure the long-lasting beauty of your outdoor space.
Lawn Care Essentials
For those with a lawn, regular mowing, aeration, and proper watering are crucial for maintaining healthy, vibrant grass. Swiftly address any bare patches or weed invasions to sustain a lush carpet of green.
Harbor Wildlife and Foster Biodiversity
Foster beneficial wildlife like bees and birds by incorporating native plant species and providing bird feeders or pollinator-friendly flora. A thriving ecosystem can reduce the need for chemical pest control.
In summary, garden maintenance need not be an overwhelming task. By adhering to thoughtful planning and straightforward strategies, you can ensure that your outdoor space remains well-kept year-round. Regardless of your gardening expertise, implementing these tips will help you create and sustain a beautiful, effortlessly manageable garden you can take pride in and relish.


Potting & Shipping includes digging a field grown plant
by hand or by machine and placing the plant in a Fanntum Container as a shipping
and holding device. This practice has been done for years with plastic containers,
but with the advantages of the Fanntum Container there is a swell of new interest.
though field potting is not a new technology, use of Fanntum Containers does put
it in the 21st Century. Air root pruning, elimination of root circling, use of
the wire basket for handling, and the ability to remove the fabric exterior without
harming the root structure while planting, have all made this harvesting method
an ideal option.


After 4 years working with churches in evangelism in 13 different states, the Lord began to give us a different vision. He showed us clearly that while many were converted in remote parts of the country, they were often then abandoned with no discipleship or follow-up. The new vision was to train teams of young missionaries to support themselves and establish permanent Christian communities in areas with few Christian churches and lacking Bible principles and doctrine, establish cell groups and plant new churches.
This led us to where we are now. The Genesis Project is a training center located within the Baptist Camp near Valencia. The Venezuelan Baptist have given us a 30-year lease for approximately 50 acres of land. For the last 3 years we have been working to develop a modern training facility that focuses on sustainable food production and spiritual development. We have processed about 150 young missionaries thru our 90-day course since May, 2016.
We are developing a farm, much like our grandparents used to operate, but with some new technology. We have goats, sheep, chickens, turkeys, rabbits, cows, ducks and sometimes pigs. These are for food production. We grow tomatoes, squash, beans, corn, several varieties of bell peppers, okra, cilantro, parsley, oregano, green onions, and other types of vegetables and fruit.
During their 90-days with us, the students live with us on a working farm learning how to take care of animals, plant and harvest thru organic gardening and the production of honey thru beekeeping. They learn how to produce natural cheese, butter and yogurt, how to make coconut oil and how to use the fruits and vegetables in the kitchen. We also teach them to drill water wells and purify water. In a country with severe food shortages and contaminated water, this is a tool that allows them to survive and help others.
The principle is found in Genesis 1:11 & 29: “Then God said, ‘Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.’ And it was so. The land produced vegetation: plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good…Then God said, ‘I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food.’”


Whether you're a horse enthusiast or a small, traditional farmer, DH Welding provides the efficient, environmentally-friendly and durable equipment you need to get the job done right! From high-quality manure spreaders to efficient cord wood saws and much more, you'll appreciate the quality that goes into every piece of equipment we build!
Need repairs for older manure spreaders or other farming equipment? Our experienced technicians can get them back in shape again! See our repair page for details!
Not sure what you need? Put our experience to work for you! We've been manufacturing quality farming equipment and handling repairs for traditional farmers and horse enthusiasts throughout Lancaster County, PA for over a decade. We'll be happy to talk with you about your farming needs and provide solutions that work! Just contact us for a free consultation!
D.H. Welding General Repairs
459 Valley Road
Quarryville, PA 17566