What is kona cotton?
Kona cotton is a type of cotton that is grown in the Kona District of the Big Island of Hawaii. The cotton is known for its long staple length, which results in a strong, smooth yarn. Kona cotton is also known for its high quality and durability. Kona cotton is grown in a very particular way: The farmers plant their seeds in the early spring, and after two months the seeds are harvested. Then they are planted again in an area that has a lot of light and plenty of water.
Is Kona Cotton good quality?
Kona cotton is a high quality cotton that is known for its softness and durability. It is grown in the Kona district of Hawaii, which is known for its perfect climate for growing cotton. Kona cotton is often used in designer garments and high-end home decor.
What type of fabric is Kona Cotton?
Kona cotton is a type of fabric that is made from 100% long-staple, extra-long fiber cotton. This type of cotton is grown in the USA, on the big island of Hawaii. The climate and soil there create the perfect conditions for growing this high-quality cotton. Kona cotton is known for its softness, durability, and resistance to fading.
What is Kona fabric used for?
Kona fabric is a high quality cotton fabric that is used for a variety of clothing and home decor items. It is known for its softness, durability, and rich color. Kona fabric is often used for baby clothes, bed sheets, and curtains. It can also be used to make quilts, tote bags, and other accessories.
Is Kona Cotton 100% cotton?
Kona cotton is a type of cotton that is grown in the Kona district on the Big Island of Hawaii. The cotton is famous for its long staple length, which results in high-quality textiles. Kona cotton is often referred to as “100% cotton,” but is that really accurate?
The answer is a little complicated. Kona cotton does have a very long staple length, which is essential for producing high-quality textiles. However, there are other factors that contribute to the quality of a fabric, such as the fineness of the fiber and the weight of the fabric.
So while Kona cotton may be closer to 100% cotton than other types of cotton, there is still some room for variation. In general, though, Kona cottons are considered to be some of the highest quality cottons available.
Is Kona from Joanns the same?
Many people are wondering if Kona from Joanns is the same as the Kona from Michaels. They are both made by Lion Brand, but some people are saying that the two yarns feel different and that the colors are slightly different too. Some people have even said that their projects turned out differently when they used each type of yarn. So, which is better? Is there a difference at all?
To answer these questions, I decided to do a little experiment. I crocheted two identical baby blankets using Kona from Joanns and Kona from Michaels. I then compared them side by side. The results were interesting!
Both yarns looked very similar, but there was a slight difference in color. The Kona from Michaels seemed to be just a tiny bit lighter than the Kona from Joanns.
Why is it called Kona Cotton?
Kona cotton is a type of cotton that is grown in the Kona District of the Big Island of Hawaii. The name “Kona” comes from the Hawaiian word for “coast.” The Kona District is located on the western coast of the Big Island, and it gets its name from the fact that it is right next to the ocean. The climate in the Kona District is perfect for growing cotton, and Kona cotton has a very high quality.
Is Kona cotton fabric good for face masks?
There are many different types of cotton fabric available on the market, but Kona cotton is a popular choice for face masks. Kona cotton is made from long staple cotton, which makes it soft and durable. It is also absorbent and breathable, making it a good choice for facial masks.
Is Kona cotton tightly woven?
Kona cotton is known for being a high-quality, tightly woven fabric. It is often used in making sheets, pillowcases, and other bedding products. Kona cotton is grown in the Kona district of the Big Island of Hawaii. The climate and soil there are perfect for growing this type of cotton.
Is Kona cotton broadcloth?
Kona cotton is a type of cotton that is grown in the Kona District on the Big Island of Hawaii. The cotton has a very fine fiber and is used to make broadcloth, which is a densely woven fabric. Broadcloth is often used for dress shirts, skirts, and slacks.
Is Kona Cotton good for embroidery?
Kona cotton is a high-quality cotton fabric made in Hawaii. The fabric is known for its softness, durability, and resistance to wrinkles. Kona cotton is often used for embroidery because of its fine texture and colorfastness. Some people also believe that the natural luster of the fabric makes it a good choice for detailed embroidery designs.
How many Kona Cotton colors are there?
There are around 400 colors of Kona Cotton. This number is approximate, as new colors are being created all the time. Kona Cotton is a high quality cotton that is perfect for making fabric. It is soft, durable, and resistant to fading.
Kona cotton is a type of cotton that is grown in the Kona District of the island of Hawaii. It is known for its high quality and softness. Kona cotton is often used in luxury fabrics, such as sheets and towels. If you are looking for a luxurious fabric to add to your home, kona cotton is a great option.


Drop-In MAiZE Community Workshops
10-2 p.m. Saturday, January 14 and 21
4-6 p.m. Thursday, February 9, 16, 23, March 9, 16, 23, 30, April 13, 20
Noon-2:30 p.m. Sunday, January 22, February 12, 26, March 5, March 26, April 2, 23
Visit the Figge and drop-in to a community workshop to construct corn stalk sculptures for MAiZE at the Figge! Figge staff will assist as you learn how to construct the corn stalks and become part of the collaboration.
Brooklyn-based artist Jean Shin (http://www.jeanshin.com) invites the community to harvest green plastic soda bottles and recycle them into a corn stalk maze installation at the Museum. The project aims to raise awareness about social and environmental issues including plastic waste, processed foods and the effects of industrial agriculture.
Join Jean Shin during a special Earth Day cleanup in downtown Davenport, and corn stalk construction event on April 22.


Coming Soon 5/27/2025 12:00:00 AM Fox Chapel Publishing
7.0 X 9.0 in 144 pg
GARDENING / Herbs
Part gardening book and part tea book, Growing Your Own Tea Garden, 2nd Edition will show gardeners and tea drinkers how to plant, maintain, harvest and enjoy a productive backyard tea garden! Featuring insight on container gardening and raised beds, also included are nine suggested garden designs and useful cultivation advice.A comprehensive directory of more than 60 plants, medicinal herbs, leaves, flowers, fruits, and roots is included, from milk thistle, chickweed, rugosa rose, and burdock to chamomile, lavender, rose hips, peppermint, lemon verbena, and many other popular tea ingredients. Each plant profile provides the properties and health benefits of each tea ingredient before presenting 19 delicious and healthy tea recipes that address common ailments, offer immune support, support stress management, sooth tension headaches, boost energy, and more!
Jodi Helmer is an experienced journalist who writes about food, gardening, farming, the environment and sustainable living. Jodi's work has appeared in Entrepreneur, Hemispheres, Civil Eats, National Geographic Traveler, AARP, Farm Life, WebMD, Health, CNNMoney and Guardian Sustainable Business. She is the author of five books, including The Green Year and Farm Fresh Georgia. When she's not writing, she grows vegetables and raises bees.


Reinhardt Family History
Memories of Eggs and Chickens
Stories from Neil Reinhardt
Sense of Smell
I shall never again enjoy the smell of potato vines as when they were pulled to reveal the tubers that were put in the cellar to feed the family for the coming winter.
I shall never again ride behind a team of sweating horses as they pulled a plow, and enjoy the smell of the newly turned earth. The odor of the sweating horses mingling with that of the neatsfoot oil used to oil the harness.
Today a tractor pulls a gang of plows so fast you do not have time to smell the good earth, only the stink of the diesel engines as it labors to pull the plows. If one is fortunate enough to be driving a tractor with a cab and air conditioning, you would not even smell that.
Even hay today has an entirely different smell after it come from a large, blue, glass-lined silo. After feeding the cattle, one must shower and change clothes, or be shunned by everyone if he walked in his working clothes into a room full of people.
I cannot enjoy the smell of burning leaves in the Fall - so I'd light a match to enjoy the fun of boyhood. Just after I had the smoke billowing to the sky, there would be the screeching of sirens, red lights flashing, and men in rubber coats and boots would come running...dragging water hose to put the fire out. All that would be left would be a little stinking ashes.
I will never again be greeted by the smell of loaves of bread lined up on the table to cool as I came from school.
All that is left for me is the smell of vines as I clean up the little garden I have behind the garage and put them in baskets or bags to be hauled away. Somehow in the corner of the garden there is the faint perfume of a little flower that escaped the frost.


Saturday, August 12, 2006
A good gardening morning
I love that it is getting cooler over night - the mornings are nice to garden now before it gets too hot. Yesterday I finally found time to get to the garden center without a child and had time to really shop and spend my $25 gift card that I had gotten for Mother's Day back in May. With end of season sales, I got a lot more for my money than I would have gotten in May. I got 2 day lillies - "Happy Return" and 2 coneflowers - "White Swan" as well as a bunch of seed packets for 10 cents each - I got some cool weather things that I can still plant this year like lettuce and radishes. This morning I planted the day lillies and coneflowers. I dug up some purple coneflowers (and offered them on freecycle - great way to get rid of excess plants - if you are not familar with freecycle, go to http://www.freecycle.org/ for more information and to see if there is a group in your area), weeded the perennial beds and cut back the grapes out of my neighbors yard again - not a bad morning. Tomorrow is my 48th birthday - a very good age to be!


Potato Planter Bags are ideal for the keen gardener who is short on space or who wants to grow potatoes out of season on their patio or other suitable places.
You can grow bumper crops of potatoes in these handy 40 litre potato planters and pick your crop as you need them.
These bags are re-usable due to their strength and quality and have proper drainage holes built in.
Polypots are a new innovation in growing potatoes. These are light weight and re-usable pots. The added bonus of the polypot is that they are designed to be placed into soil and can be grown like conventional potatoes would in your garden but there is very little digging.
You can buy polypots that you plant 1 potato in and grow great crops of potatoes. I grew my potatoes this way in the garden and averaged 2.5kg of potatoes per bag.
Hessian Sacks these top quality JBA branded hessian sacks can hold 25kg/56lbs of potatoes. These excellent quality sacks allow your potatoes to breathe, so avoids any sweating during storage.


10 Reasons to Eat
Here are some concrete reasons to eat organic:
- Organic products meet stringent standards. Organic certification is the public’s assurance that the food has been grown and handled according to strict procedures without persistent toxic chemical input.
- Organic food tastes great! It’s common sense—well-balanced soils produce strong, healthy plants that become nourishing food for people and animals.
- Organic production reduces health risks. Many EPA-approved pesticides were registered long before extensive research linked these chemicals to cancer and other diseases. Organic agriculture is one way to prevent more of these chemicals from harming agricultural workers.
- Organic farms respect our water resources. The elimination of polluting chemicals and nitrogen leaching, done in combination with soil building, protects and conserves water resources.
- Organic farmers build healthy soil. Soil is the foundation of the food chain, yet, soils are so depleted today that foods are lacking essential nutrients. For example, an analysis of nutrient data from 1975 to 1997 found that average calcium levels in 12 fresh vegetables dropped 27 percent; iron levels 37 percent; vitamin A levels 21 percent, and vitamin C levels 30 percent. Even worse, with the important minerals gone what is left is more arsenic. That’s right, the poison. In California nearly a 100 wineries are being sued due to toxic levels of arsenic in their wines. Likewise much of the wine in the world is loaded with arsenic for the same reason.
- Organic farmers work in harmony with nature. Organic agriculture respects the balance demanded of a healthy ecosystem: wildlife is encouraged by including forage crops in rotation and by retaining fencerows, wetlands, and other natural areas.
- Organic producers are champions of innovative research. These farmers have led the way, largely at their own expense, with innovative on-farm research aimed at reducing pesticide use and minimizing agriculture’s impact on the environment.
- Organic producers strive to preserve biodiversity. The loss of a large variety of species is one of the most pressing environmental concerns we face. The good news is that many organic farmers and gardeners have been collecting and preserving seeds, and growing unusual varieties for decades.
- Organic farming helps keep rural communities healthy. USDA reported that in 1997, half of U.S. farm production came from only 2% of American farms. Organic agriculture then can be a lifeline for small farms because it offers an alternative market where sellers can command fair prices for their crops.
- Now, even non-food agricultural products are being grown organically, such as cotton, which most experts believed could not be grown this way. If you have ever had the pleasure of wearing organic cotton socks, underwear or shirts, or sleeping on organic sheets, you will know why this is so amazing.
Keep in mind that learning to eat clean is the most important thing that you can do to heal your gut. That’s important because your gut is 70% of your immune system, so eating clean is vital to recovery and long term wellness.


OUR WINES ARE BORN FROM PASSION & AUTHENTICITY.
Ngeringa has been certified biodynamic for more than 20 years. It is the biodynamic process that creates a balanced and healthy relationship between soil, plant and all living beings – and opens the vines to optimum expression of flavour in the glass.
Our five hectare Mount Barker vineyards, The Summit and The Rufus are the centrepiece of our 75 hectare farm, where we take a ‘whole farm’ approach to winegrowing.
The Iluma Vineyard, also planted on the original biodynamic soil of the Jurlique property, is just two kilometres away in Nairne.
Ownership of the vineyards from which our fruit is harvested ensures full control over the whole winegrowing process and the resulting fruit quality, each season.
EVERY WINE IS TRULY HANDMADE.
Our vine holes are dug by hand and a handful of homemade compost is placed in each hole as “fertiliser”. Each vine is hand pruned as an individual, as each has slightly different structural needs.
Through small batch winemaking, we use attention to detail and try not to overpower what the grapes are trying to express. Chemicals are never used and our vineyard is 80 percent solar sufficient. We work with the seasons, not to a delivery deadline.
The simplicity of biodynamics produces an extraordinary result, time and again.
THE SUMMIT VINEYARD
At an altitude of 360m, this vineyard on the cooler easterly facing slopes in Mount Barker commands a view of Lake Alexandrina and the mouth of the mighty Murray River in the distance. The vines reliably receive cool air each evening and the soil is a light sandy loam over clay with areas of red ironstone. Select clones of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir are planted here, along with a few clones of Syrah and Viognier.
THE RUFUS VINEYARD
A small planting of Sangiovese, Nebbiolo, Syrah and Aglianico is positioned on the westerly slopes of our Mount Barker Springs property. Distinctly different to our other vineyards due to its aspect, open exposure and tough, lean ironstone soil, The Rufus challenges the vines to produce highly concentrated fruit in minimal quantities. Regardless of day time temperatures, Ngeringa receives cool evening sea winds blown in from the southern sea over the Murray River – a wonderful natural aid for our fruit acids and flavour development.
THE ILUMA VINEYARD
On the northern slope of the Mount Barker summit, at an altitude of 420m, is The Iluma Vineyard, the home of our most inspiring and exciting fruit. The majority of our Syrah and Viognier is planted here, facing west on a lean, textured soil of micaceous schist and ironstone over clay on the Nairne terroir.
The simplicity of biodynamics opens the vines to optimum expression of flavour in the glass.


Did you know that even if you live in an apartment or a small space you can grow your own vegetables and fruits?
Why I grow my own fresh foods:
For a long time I didn't know, but when my son was born, I started worrying about ever running out of food, I don't know why I worry about that so much, we always have food on our plates. But let's say something happened and there was no grocery store to go to, then what? It made me realize how much we rely on others to survive and I wanted to change that as much as possible. Others as in the grocery store for food, the gas company for electricity and so on. I plan on buying solar panels too by the way, haha!
Save some extra dimes for your pocket:
One thing I started doing is growing our own produce. We move a lot, we don't own a house so it was always a challenge to plant a garden. After doing some reading, I learned we could plant much of the fresh food we eat now, ourselves at home and in buckets! Yeah...pretty awesome. A little tip to save some money, some restaurants throw away their huge plastic buckets which once contained things like butter and oil, if you ask them they may give them to you instead. Or do what I did, I went to garage sales and found some huge plastic "Rubbermaid" bins and I even planted pumpkins one year...on my balcony! Also, when I do buy produce at the store, I save all the seeds, clean them and dry them. Some seeds haven't grown, the ones that don't have their seeds on the outside like strawberries, most likely because they have been sprayed with chemicals.
Another tip I have for free food is apple trees! In Canada it would be crab apples. They are everywhere and a lot of people throw them out! You guys know you can make some pretty delicious apple sauce and pies with them right? I found a few people that would of thrown them out if I hadn't asked on the swap and buy groups you find on Facebook, find one in your area, some amazing folks give out lots, like rhubarb too. :)
What you need:
My cucumbers and squash, I grow in a 10 gallon bin. Anything works, just remember to poke holes in the bottom of your bucket to drain out the water and preferably use dark colored bins. The first year I did this I used white ones and it seemed to me like the sun was getting through the plastic and burning roots that were growing near the bucket, resulting in my cucumbers not growing, not even blooms.
What kind of herbs you say?
I grow these herbs every summer - rosemary, basil, thyme, mint, oregano, dill, sage and parsley. I find them really easy to grow, and I use small containers for them, about 5 cm deep. You can even grow these indoors all year round with a grow light. I can't because I have cats and they would eat before it had to chance to grow more than half an inch high, crazy cats. (They have catnip and grass but nooooo that's just not gonna cut it, haha!)
Some things I got for free through my community...fruits that would of gone to waste had I not asked, so... ask and you shall receive!
The point of this post was to share more about myself and to show you that nature is always there ready to provide. Mother nature may be unforgiving at times, but if you know how to survive off the land, it's less worry...in my mind anyways!
Does it not make sense that we use what's there for us? I rarely, if ever, buy fruits and vegetables at the store that is not grown locally. And every year, I buy less and make more myself. This year I picked raspberries and made my own jam for the first time! I am pretty proud of myself!
I hope you learned something new and if you enjoyed reading please share!
-> Got a tip? Tell us in the comments!
Peace & Love,


The article explains a 10 stage soil moisture sensor meter circuit with an integrated automatic water sprayer mechanism for restoring the critical condition of the soil. The idea was requested by Mr. Remy.
I come today asking for help making an automatic watering circuit to water my tomatoes for me.
I am requesting the use of a soil moisture meter(cheap eBay style) to sense the moisture of the soil.
Then the moisture value is compared to a set value from a potentiometer maybe. If level is too low then a relay is turned on for a settable amount of time. After a shower the soil is measured again.
The ability to daisy chain many together would be a great help.
For wow factor I was thinking that having a few(3) leds light up as a scale to indicate the current moisture level would work well. Thank you for your time and experience.
I have learned much from you and hope to add this to my knowledge.
Referring to the given schematic we see a simple yet highly accurate soil moisture sensor meter with an automatic preset water shower system for restoring the soil moisture level to optimum points.
The design is based on a single voltage sensor/LED driver IC LM3914 or a LM3915. The shown sensor pins which are basically two brass rods are configured as voltage sensors across the critical soil area where it may be inserted.
The voltage across these pins depend upon the level of moisture present across that particular soil area. This sensed voltage proportionate to the soil moisture level is applied across pin5 of the IC for the required comparison with an in-built reference voltage level.
The threshold level at which the shower pump is supposed to be switched ON is set by P1.
Depending upon this setting, the IC internal circuitry senses the soil moisture and produces a shifting sequential low logic across the shown 10 outputs starting from pin1 to pin10.
This sensed output across the relevant IC outputs are indicated by 10 respective LEDs which light up in sequence in response to the rising or depleting soil moisture levels.
Selecting Bar Mode and Dot Mode
The LED illumination sequencing style could be selected to simulate a bar mode or a dot mode by appropriately positioning the pin9 switch of the IC to either ON or OFF.
The stage comprising BC547 and BC557 constitute the relay driver stage for controlling the motor pump switching as per the user preference.
The base of the PNP transistor is appropriately integrated with any of the output pins of the IC depending at what moisture threshold the user wants the motor to be started or stopped.
For example suppose pin15 determines a particular moisture threshold level of the soil and the user feels it to be the unsafe level at which the motor needs to be started in order to restore the soil moisture, then this pinout could be chosen and hooked up with the base of the BC557 transistor for the discussed motor switching.
Once the motor is switched ON the soil is showered until its moisture level is restored to the desired level and this prompts the IC to revert its sequence from pin15 to pin14 and toward pin10, switching OFF the motor and the shower.
The above process keeps repeating making sure that the soil moisture level never goes down below the undesired parched condition.


An upline village with vast acres of marshland that can feed the entire country
On the day I was to return to the U.S., my ferry to the airport experienced mechanical issues. In the time it took to repair the ferry, I missed my flight. I rushed back to catch the same ferry back to Freetown as it was the last of the day. The missed flight must have been an act of divine providence. It meant that I had to stay an extra few days in Salone.
Alpha Jalloh, the owner of the Hill Valley Hotel and our local partner in Salone said he was going to take me on an important trip to a village “upline” Salone in the Makeni, Northern Province. The village was Madina, near the border with Guinea. Alpha said, “What you did in Freetown, feeding the children and nurses in the hospital, the amputees and homeless was great. But this place I am taking you to, this land can feed the entire country”.
The people of Madina were such beautiful, wonderful people. We talked to them and gave them some candy and whatever we had. Unfortunately, we had not prepared bag lunches to feed the people as we had done in Freetown. It was just a trip that happened unexpectedly. I spoke with the village chief who showed me the land they have. It extends farther than the eye can see and more. The chief said that this marshland goes for 15 or more miles. There is plenty of water for irrigation throughout. They cultivate small plots of rice, 10-20′ squares, by hand. They can’t do any larger because they have no equipment. They are managing very few acres of a vast landscape of marshland. The village chief told me that with a couple tractors, this land could supply the entire country’s rice demand and still have plenty left over for export. The government dropped off two big cultivation hoes, but they are really big and they have nothing to pull them.
This opportunity is a “game changer” for Sierra Leone and Hope for Lives. We don’t know what it would take in the way of equipment to cultivate this land into rice fields or other agricultural uses, but it is already a marsh and there is plenty of water available for irrigation trenches. You can see in this Google Earth image the geography and features that make this land perfect for cultivation of a variety of agricultural products.
Our current focus remains on building fishing boats, but hopefully we can research methods of utilizing this open marshland and creating another opportunity for the people in Makeni.


Taste the Shenandoah Valley.
From seasonal produce to Page Valley beef, farm-fresh eggs, homemade goods, and freshly baked treats — choose from an array of local ingredients to get a taste of the Shenandoah Valley.
Daughters of the Stars Farmers Market events in Shenandoah promote health and wellness.
From Page Valley farms and gardens straight to your table — our restaurants, eateries, farmers markets, shops, and caterers keep it fresh with locally sourced ingredients and seasonal specialties.
Farmers and ag partners throughout Page Valley welcome visitors who are interested in learning about farm life — whether its experiencing a day on the farm firsthand, picking your own garden vegetables, cooking with farm-fresh…


I opened my eyes, crawled out of bed to….sunshine! Yes, another sunny morning, so I then ran to my garden in search of…YES! there they were, perfect little buds popping out through the melting snow, dirt and gravel. The pure, simple bliss of seeing the beginning of the flowers that will spring from the bulbs I planted last fall. It’s quite amazing how it just made the rest of my day so…. lovely. Yes, that’s the word for it. Lovely. And honestly, now I can begin to plan my veggie and cutting gardens… because to do it earlier than now, makes me impatient, but NOW, well now there is real promise of the spring to come.
I’m looking forward to my garden this year, having learned so much last summer and fall. Like the fact that rabbits love broccoli and cauliflower, and that we have alot of rabbits back there. And that no matter what, I have no luck with carrots (we’ll save those for purchasing at the farmers market). But I do very well with zucchini, squash, gourds, lettuce, peas and tomatoes. I will save the majority of the herbs for the deck pots, and though pumpkins are fun, they take ALOT of room. And though I probably won’t eat what I grow, i will still grow corn because I like the sound of the wind in it. Reminds me of home – Chatham had a lot of corn.
I also will probably chop off all the quince in the tree before the fall because I don’t know what to do with them and they are heavy and ruin the stuff growing under them. I’m also thinking about replacing the peach trees we chopped down 2 years ago, and having also lost our apple orchard to the fence, maybe one of those in place of the plethora of plum trees we have (esp. since we don’t really like plums). I also loved my tiny cutting garden at the end of the plot (this is just rows of flowers that you grow with the intention of cutting for bouquets) – mostly because I don’t like cutting the ones in my front gardens for this as they look too thin otherwise.
As mentioned, the hydro company has put a fence in back there, (though we are not happy to lose the extra running space) – now it will be that much easier to keep track of the boys when I’m out there. We also lost our neighbours giant raspberry patch to the fence which saddens me because we picked bags and bags worth of them and froze them, and i will miss that. However, now I can focus the time spent there onto tending my own patch.
I’m quite ready for spring and summer and all the surprises and growth that these seasons hold for me and my little family…I love cozy falls and winters – they really are my fav, but this year, this year I’m welcoming spring with all my heart.


Demand in alternative protein sources, such as edible insects, is growing as people are increasingly looking for traditional animal proteins substitution for a more sustainable way. Production of natural insect ingredients has less environmental effect and emit lower environmental footprints than traditional livestock farming as this sustainable way uses less lands and resources, which is limited.
Benefits of insects as an alternative animal protein source are that insects can be reared sustainably on organic side streams and have high essential nutrition. They are highly in complete protein, unsaturated fat, dietary fibers, vitamins, and other beneficial nutritional values. Compared to a livestock segment such as cows, insects have higher percentage of pure protein and also additional amino acids. There are several ways of insect consumptions and productions nowadays including fresh edible insects, insect powders, insect oils and any finished insect products.
Cricket powder has high protein contents made from crickets related to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) also claims that edible insects are nutrient-rich food sources. In fact, cricket flour contains nine essential amino acids, calcium, iron, potassium, vitamin B12, B2 and fatty acids. It can be utilized as a complete replacement for flour. The taste of cricket flour is very nutty and cooking quality is almost the same as the normal flour from grains. However, people with shellfish allergies may need to use caution when consuming cricket flour.


The history runs deep on Anga’s Farm. This site was declared as the last remaining working farm by Etobicoke City Council on Oct. 6th 1997. Nestled in the valley surrounded by an established subdivision, this historic site still carries on the tradition of the early settlers that farmed along the fertile lands of the Humber River.
Located in the historic village of Thistletown, in North Etobicoke this privately-owned farm is popular with Thistletown residents who regularly stop here in the summertime to fulfill all their gardening needs. Anga's farm also produces and sells its own honey.


2x YT Broth, 2% Glucose
2x YT Broth, 2% Glucose is a microbial growth medium commonly used for cultivation of E. coli . The 2x YT medium is rich in nutrients such as peptides, amino acids, and water-soluble vitamins, contains 2% glucose and has low concentration of salts.
Click here to request bulk or custom sizes.
- Composition: 1.6 % Tryptone, 1% Yeast Extract, 0.5 % sodium chloride and 2% Glucose.
- Sterile filtered using 0.2 μ filter unit.
- pH is adjusted to 6.8±0.2
- available in 1 L and 10 x 1 L sizes.
- Suitable for cultivation of E.coli for cloining, DNA plasmid production and production of recombinant proteins


The north of Thailand is blanketed by rolling green hills and rice fields, while the south blooms in abundance with tropical fruits and vegetables.
Visitors to Thailand often laud the country for its healthy food — noodle dishes, curries, stir fried vegetables and tofu, and overfilling plates of rice.
These dishes are generally considered healthier as they’re freshly prepared and made with local produce, but if you’ve ever watched a street vendor make your food, you’ll have noticed the copious amounts of oil, salt, sugar, and MSG that cooks add to these dishes.
Moreover, visitors to Thailand may have romanticized ideas of where their food comes from: of farms and homesteads in Thailand, of mangoes and bananas pulled off of a neighbors tree perfectly ripe, of fresh ingredients found in markets that make their way to a kitchen within a day of their picking.
However, the reality is that these fantasies are more often than not oversimplifications of the Thai food industry. Indeed, those searching for organic produce may be quite shocked at the reality behind the fruits and vegetables found in Thailand’s markets and supermarket chains.
While its true that the large majority of fruit and veg is domestically produced and through some channels quite fresh, when investigating the chemical residue lurking on the outside and inside of the produce, we are sent down a rabbit hole that seemingly never ends.
In this post, I explore that rabbit hole.
Pesticide Use: Law, Evaluation, Control, Contamination
A major exporter of rice, rubber, corn, tropical fruit, and cassava, Thailand’s farmlands supply many of the world’s countries with bulk produce — so much so that it equates to about $10 billion USD per year.
To meet this demand, the Kingdom relies heavily on pesticides to control insect populations and increase the yield of said crops. In the past, the country has lost nearly 50% of its produce to insect scourges and other threats, so needs must, right?
Over the past ten years, Thailand’s agricultural exports have risen to make up at least 40% of the country’s GDP; therefore the nation’s use of pesticides has exploded exponentially to nearly four times the initial amount.
While this increased use may benefit crop yields, it also threatens the health and safety of this produce and makes it difficult for the government to regulate pesticide use in rural Thai farms.
Chemicals to combat insect infestations and other bacterial threats to crops include herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, plant growth regulators, and other pesticides.
Thailand is fourth out of 15 Asian countries regarding the severity of pesticide reliance, and over-spraying plants has contributed to issues like insect resistance and pest resurgence.
In an attempt to mediate the effects of these hazardous chemicals, the Royal Thai Government has enacted Hazardous Substance Act B.E. 2535 (HSA), which seeks to control the use of these harmful chemicals and reduce the risks of handling pesticides.
Corrosive and explosive chemicals are regulated by the act, as are toxic chemicals, pathogenic substances, radioactive material, and pesticides: in total there are 1,233 substances regulated.
The HSA is used to regulate most hazardous substances used in Thailand. It also seeks to prevent harmful exposure of these chemicals to people and the environment.
As enforcement, the Royal Thai Government created the Hazardous Substance Committee (HSC) to regulate chemical use across the Kingdom. Unfortunately, the targeting of specific (and harmful) chemical groups has negated the efficacy of this regulatory group. In addition, issues arise when pesticide samples are taken and are measured at differing ‘acceptable levels.’
Alarmed that your food contains pesticides at all? Most produce does, even in trace amounts. Many governmental agencies have established a standard called the Maximum Residue Level (MRL), which is the acceptable amount of chemical a food can contain (measured in milligrams of chemical per kilogram of produce) — this is not a safety measure.
In Thailand, it’s not uncommon for MRL values to have conflicting regulation standards, causing mass confusion in the food industry, and allowing for potential mistakes when it comes to the amount of pesticides (and antibiotics, bacteria, mold, micro-organisms, borax, formalin, and toxic coloring) included in foods.
Because of these flawed regulatory measures, an increased amount of pesticides are present in produce, causing import countries to complain about the potential safety of the food (and initiate trade issues).
Levels of Pesticides in Thai Produce
While visitors to the Kingdom may believe that their food is farm-fresh, the implications could be overwhelmingly negative, based on the farmer and their pesticide practices. While MRL regulation is still faltering in some regulatory agencies, those who regularly consume Thai produce are putting themselves at risk.
A non-profit agency, the Thailand Pesticide Alert Network, has reported that nearly 64% of Thai produce exceeds its MRL, and should be deemed unsafe.
On a larger scale, studies found that produce from some provinces in Thailand contained a much higher rate of pesticide residue than their counterparts from developed countries.
After studying Chinese kale, pakchoi, and morning glory, scientists detected pesticides 97-100% of the time, regardless of whether the vegetables were purchased in a local market or in a supermarket.
In addition, researchers found that the pesticide levels in the vegetables exceeded their respective MRL at 35-48% for Chinese kale; 55-71% for pakchoi, and 42-49% for morning glory.
Interestingly, the lower percentage of the range was attributed to supermarket produce; the higher percentage was attributed to local market produce.
On average, there were 28 pesticides used, including aldrin, atrazine, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, chlormefos, chlorpyrifos, chlorothanlonil, cypermethrin, deltanethrin, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicofol, chlorpyrifos… the list goes on.
These chemicals can cause a host of issues in those who accidentally come in contact with undiluted concentrations or trace residues, including neurological effects, nervous system malfunctions, kidney damage, headaches, dizziness, vomiting, muscle spasms, a reduced ability to fight infection, birth defects, and damaged reproductive organs.
While these findings are significant, please note that researchers chose produce from certain markets and provinces in Thailand, including Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Nonthaburi, Ayutthaya, Pathumthani, Samutsakorn, and Nakhon Ratchasima.
Researchers noted that it was difficult to obtain information about the suppliers and their pesticide practices. The study also clarified that the findings were exclusive to three target vegetables and a number of providers in central Thailand. Sample sizes were small, and the study was targeted.
In short, this study cannot be presumed representative of practices all over Thailand.
Farmers Poisoned by Pesticide Use
The sad reality of farming is that many in the industry are poisoned by exposure to these chemical pesticides.
While reported numbers rise into the thousands, scientists from the Ministry of Public Health are hesitant to confirm the veracity of these numbers, as they note that many farmers who fall ill from pesticide use may not report their problems to a local doctor or emergency care center.
While reports from the ‘90s suggest a range of 4,000-5,000 affected, studies indicate that the real number of farmers affected could total nearly 40,000 annually (Ref: ipm-info.org)
One should note at this point that some farmers increase their own risk of being poisoned by not following government guidelines: not using proper protective clothing, over-using pesticides and by using banned pesticides.
The Department of Agriculture concluded in a study that nearly 68% of vegetable farmers in Kanchanaburi were affected by some type of pesticide poisoning. Another study indicates that 90% of Thai farmers are impacted by agricultural chemicals.
A local farmer, Mr. Manit Boonkiaw who grows vegetables in Nonthaburi Province attested to the use of chemicals, saying:
Spraying was carried out all the year. One day I would spray and the next day the crop would be harvested and sent to market. I knew how dangerous that was. I always had headaches and felt dizzy after spraying pesticides, so I never used to eat those vegetables. I used to have a small plot that I didn’t spray; those were the vegetables for our own consumption.
The sobering reality for farmers across the Kingdom is driven by the demand for cheap food and large yields of it. Mr. Boonkiaw continues:
I know a lot of vegetable farmers who would like to reduce the amount of pesticides. They know that pesticides cost a lot of money and are bad for their health, but they are worried about the market situation. The middlemen don’t care about pesticides; they never ask what chemicals have been used. And the consumers want cheap vegetables that look good. They should realize that the good-looking vegetables are often contaminated with dangerous pesticides. If consumers would pay a better price for non-chemical vegetables, a lot more farmers would grow them. (Ref: ipm-info.org)
Organic Vs Safe Food Labelling
While the realisation that pesticide laden foods are affecting both consumers and farmers may lead some to pay closer attention to their produce, it’s not always so easy.
The increase in demand for ‘safe’ foods has resulted in a number of marketing techniques wherein fruits and vegetables are labeled ‘pesticide safe.’
The intention isn't necessarily to mislead, but studies show people often mistake these foods for ‘organic' or ‘pesticide free'.
The authorities have set standards for ‘safe’ food that are not as stringent or as regulatory as those deemed ‘organic', and it doesn't mean pesticides aren't present.
‘Safe’ food is tested to make sure that residues are within the MRL, whereas organic produce does not use pesticides at all.
In Thailand, organic food is certified through the Organic Agriculture Certification of Thailand (ACT). Much of the country’s organic goods are produced by Green Net Cooperatives — both initiatives are covered by the Earth Net Foundation, which has a vested role in bringing organic farming to the hills of Thailand.
Their mission is moral, but the progress is slow. Only one out of 5,000 rai of farmland is currently organic.
And while the push for organic is noble, it isn’t always 100% effective. As has been seen in countries in the western world, organic crops are often infected by spraying in adjacent fields. And of course, some growers may not be entirely honest.
In 2016, the Bangkok Post reported that nearly 25% of organic-certified produce had been found to contain some type of pesticide residue. These foods included red chilli, basil, long beans, Chinese kale, Chinese cabbage, morning glory, tomatoes, cucumbers, oranges, guava, dragon fruit, papayas, and mangoes.
Though the organic movement has had some difficulty spurring momentum, the idea of growing food without pesticides is undeniably more healthful and environmentally friendly than the current standard agricultural processes. But the issue lies in educating consumers about the differences between organic, safe, and chemical-free certification standards in order to help the population make healthier choices based on scientific standards and regulatory limits.
Effects of Pesticides on Public Health
Perhaps the most devastating results of pesticide use are the health repercussions for those in close contact with food production or those who routinely consume tainted produce. Among these are the unborn.
Studies have shown that nearly 200,000 children born in Thailand annually to agricultural workers are at risk of exposure to toxic pesticides while still in the womb. Those that do not grow up on a farm are at risk for toxicity through diet, home, and other environmental factors.
Researchers found that women who worked in agricultural occupations were much less likely to consider the use of pesticides as unsafe for either themselves or their developing child. Risk was not mediated because of pregnancy.
In other studies, researchers have looked for health symptoms associated with pesticides from rice farming. These scientists studied blood samples to draw conclusions, and found that rice farmers had an increased difficulty in breathing and experienced chest pain, dry throat, cramps, numbness, diarrhea, and anxiety. The scientists concluded that exposure to pesticides in the rice fields may be associated with illnesses of the respiratory tract, in addition to muscle issues.
Children in farming communities are also not immune to the effects of these harmful chemicals.
Researchers studied children who reside in agricultural areas like Pathum Thani Province, and found that these communities of 6-8 year olds had higher urine levels of organophosphate pesticides than did children who lived in residential areas. An increased presence of this pesticide has serious implications for the future development and health of the child.
Markets vs. Supermarkets
While Westerners generally associate market produce as the ‘healthier,’ and the more ‘natural,’ those living in Thailand would do well to adjust those notions after reading a couple of the aforementioned studies.
It’s easy to consider local, independent sellers to have produce that seems more “organic” because the crops appear to be local and hearty. Often the produce looks very organic because it’ll show obvious signs of pest invasion — for instance, chewed leaves, and even an odd caterpillar.
But, as previously explored in the study regarding Chinese broccoli, the pakchoi, and the morning glory, local markets proved to have higher MRL of pesticides than did supermarket produce.
Pesticide Risk by Province
While certain studies of Thai produce highlight specific provinces or regions of the Kingdom as producing unsafe or potentially harmful produce, it can be helpful to take a step back and view the country as a whole.
In a study that measured the amount of money dedicated to pesticides on each farm annually, scientists were able to map out patterns of pesticide use over the entire country.
Northeastern Provinces averaged 388 Baht of pesticides per farm, annually, while the southernmost tip of the Kingdom averaged 1021 Baht/farm — making it statistically likely that food from these regions is the least contaminated.
Provinces in Central Thailand, averaging 7,094 Baht/farm likely have the most pesticide residue in food, while regions to the north — averaging 3622 Baht/farm — are in the moderate range of pesticide use.
And of course, no discussion of pesticides would be complete without an investigation of how these chemicals are affecting natural resources, like forests, animals and water.
Pesticides don’t just kill pesky creatures that eat crops; they soak into surrounding ground and kill useful insects that help support the circle of life by pollinating, producing honey/nectar and providing a protein source to other animals.
Harmful chemicals can leak into bodies of water like rivers, irrigation canals, rice paddies, and ponds and kill creatures like fish, frogs, turtles and snakes. As smaller animals are contaminated, larger predators are poisoned after hunting them.
In this way, chemicals are carried up throughout the food chain. The effect of pesticides on animals in Thailand is tangible — the endangered species list contains over 40 species of mammals and over 100 different types of birds.
Organochlorine pesticides – mentioned in the section about children living in farming communities – continue to be an issue as they perpetually contaminate large bodies of water.
There are major levels of these compounds in rivers of Southern Thailand. Effects include endocrine disrupting diseases, like breast, testicular and prostate cancer. Bangkok’s Chao Phraya River has been found to have high levels of these pesticides.
You can read more on this study here.
Summary & Advice
While it may be counter-intuitive, studies show that shopping for produce at supermarkets over local market stands may help consumers avoid dangerous MRL levels and pesticide contamination.
While the wide use of pesticides has caused concern, there are foods you can buy in Thailand that are generally free from pesticide levels.
For example: Researchers found that pesticide residue in watermelons and durians were significantly lower than these fruits’ recommended MRL level. Previous studies showed that Chinese cabbage was also free of pesticide contaminants.
Health conscious consumers can also avoid toxic pesticides by avoiding off season produce. The head of the Biodiversity Sustainable Agriculture Food Sovereignty Action Thailand group (BioThai) — Kingkorn Narindharakul Na Ayudhaya — noted that those concerned can “mitigate the risk by avoiding off-season and popular legumes.”
Those flocking to supermarkets in hope of finding safe food have a friend in Samrit Intaram, the Manager for The Mall Group (a shopping complex business). Mr. Intaram noted that his company decided to create a market for non-chemical products, using independent testing to determine chemical levels.
After deciding that his stores should only have pesticide-free vegetables, he vowed to buy exclusively from certified organic growers. These growers include farms like Lemon Farm Pattana Cooperatives, who sell food in eight stores around Bangkok.
While organic farming and a safe food practices may just be gaining a foothold in fertile Thailand, be assured, a revolution in food is coming.


There are plenty of options when it comes to aquarium plants for beginners. The hardiest ones don’t require CO2 injection and can thrive on low to medium light. Knowing how it receives nutrients will dictate how you feed it. Some plants are root feeders, meaning they absorb their nutrients from the soil. Having good quality soil allows them to grow dense and spread. The nutrients in the soil will deplete over time, so adding root tabs will help give it a boost. Other plants are column feeders, meaning they absorb their nutrients from the water. Those plants grow better with a little liquid fertilizer. For beginners, an all-in-one fertilizer will generally be sufficient. Regardless of the plant feeding type, dosing with liquid carbon will always help in absence of CO2.
When dosing any type of fertilizer, proceed with a bit of caution. Excessive nutrients can raise the nitrate levels in your tank and harm livestock. Test the nitrate levels regularly and scale back on the liquid fertilizers if necessary. For beginner aquarium plants, nitrate levels of 50 – 80 ppm is sufficient. Do a water change and back off once it starts getting into the 100’s. If you’re 20 ppm or lower, you may notice leaves turning yellow. Also, excessive nutrients and high lighting often lead to algae growth, so monitor progress and keep a log. It’ll take a little bit of trial and error, but that’s the best way to create a dose and feed rhythm.
Column Feeding Plants
Mosses in general are great aquarium plants for beginners. They feed from the water column and can be attached to any type of substrate. You’ll notice that mosses do not have a root structure and their leaves can grow in various directions. Many will tie Christmas or Java Moss to wood branches or glue them to rocks in the foreground. They’re also great for dwarf shrimp as food gets stuck on them and becomes a nice place to graze.
Marimo Moss Balls are unique in that they’re technically algae. Before anyone cringes, algae is natural and can be incorporated into any planted tank. It’s a great food source for snails, shrimp and even some fish like corydoras. Marimo balls are no exception. You can roll it in your palms to maintain shape or open it up and tie it to substrates. Propagating is as easy as tearing it apart and balling it up again with a little thread. They take time to grow, so maintenance is easy.
Anubias plants such as Barteri and the smaller Nana are also great aquarium plants for beginners. They’re slow to grow and do not require strong lighting. Although they have a visible root structure (rhizome), they’re actually column feeders. A small dose of liquid fertilizer and carbon is all they need. They love to be glued to rocks or tied to driftwood, but can be buried lightly in soil as well. Don’t bury it too deep as the rhizome can rot.
Bucephalandra is another column feeder and has a similar structure to Anubias plants. They have a rhizome that can’t be buried too deep and can be glued or tied to rocks and wood. Their leaves are slightly more wavy and can vary in color from red to purple and blue. When doing really well, they can sprout little flowers.
Anacharis (Brazilian Water Weed) is a tall column feeder. They make a great backdrop for any aquarium and can grow relatively quick. It can easily become a maintenance issue for an aquarium rich in nutrients, constantly being required to trim. Anacharis can be lightly planted in the soil or even left floating in the tank. All the trimmings from this stem plant can propagate making reproduction relatively easy. A relatively comparable plant is Bacopa Caroliniana, which grows really slow. If you have less time for maintenance and can be patient with growth, consider this alternative.
Java Ferns are popular aquarium plants for a reason. They’re super low maintenance, easy to maintain, and their wide leaves tell you how well they’re doing. Super bright leaves means they’re doing well, yellow – brown leaves tell you they need more nutrients. Don’t bury this too deep in any soil as their rhizomes can rot. Tie them to rocks or wood and let it form a nice backdrop.
Duckweed and Frogbits are by far one of the easiest floating plants for any beginner. Toss them in the tank and watch their roots grow. Their roots extend down into the water column, feeding on nutrients and nitrates. Shrimps love to graze on the roots and the plant cover makes good hiding spaces for baby fry. Got a problem with algae? Feel free to float these around as an algae-controlling strategy. They’ll suck up the excess nitrates and reduce the overall lighting intensity down below.
Hornwort can be planted in the soil to make a gorgeous backdrop, but they’re not root feeders. You’ll notice that when they grow, they shoot stems from the side and not from the bottom. In fact, the more you try to shove it into the soil, the more likely the stems and needle leaves will rot. That’s because they’re column feeders that do best if lightly anchored or if allowed to simply float.
Root Feeding Plants
Cryptocoryne of most types are very easy aquarium plants for beginners. They’re root feeders and do not require liquid fertilizers or CO2 injection. Providing nutrient rich soil or supplementing inert substrates with root tabs will do just fine. Cryptocoryne Parva make a great foreground plant that’s slow growing and super easy to keep. They may melt when first immersed into water, but don’t worry too much as it’ll eventually make its way back.
Dwarf Sagittaria is another popular one for beginners and advanced aquascapers. They have wide grasslike blades and are super easy to carpet in a planted tank. This is one plant that benefits from both root tabs and liquid fertilizers. If they begin to grow tall, they’re reaching for the light and you need to bump up the intensity. If they are growing low and spreading wide, the lighting is sufficient and you’re doing good.
Monte Carlo can create a bright green carpet in any aquarium foreground. They grow runners that spread over the surface and root down into the soil. Be sure to provide good lighting and feed that substrate. Propagating them is as simple as cutting a piece and sticking it right back into the soil.
Similar to Cryptocoryne Parva, Cryptocoryne Wendtii and Becketii are super hardy, easy going root feeders. They grow slow and can handle a wide range of water parameters making them great beginner plants. Both Crypto Wendtii and Becketii grow a bit taller and make good midground plants. Tie them to your hardscape or wedge them between rocks and you’re all set.
Amazon Swords are so resilient and adaptable, they’re one of the most popular plants in the planted tank community. They can thrive in a wide range of water conditions and are not needy with lighting or CO2. Their most important criteria is a nutrient rich substrate, so feed those root tabs. Add an occasional fertilizer and the leaves will grow super green and tall. Yellow leaves are an indication of depleted nutrients, so it’s easy to observe and maintain their health.
Last but not least, Vallisneria is an extremely easy backdrop for any planted tank. Provide them with nutrient rich soil and the occasional fertilizer to create a thick lush of green blades. You can intentionally overgrow them and allow the top to drift near the surface. This creates all the benefits of floating plants with pockets of shade and cover for livestock. Tall aquariums can feature this plant with a variety of middle and top dwelling fish.
All Things Considered
As you can see, there are many options to get you started on your first successful planted tank. Understanding how your plants absorb nutrients is the first step to giving it the proper care it needs. You can keep it simple by having all column feeding plants and occasionally dosing the water column. Another option is to use quality soil for root feeders and supplement with root tabs when nutrients deplete. And of course, you can mix combinations of water feeding and root feeding plants to create a dynamic landscape. When selecting plants, remember to give some height variances too which gives hiding spaces for your bottom, middle and top dwelling fish. Most importantly, routinely track your liquid dosing and test your water parameters.


The Chico Seed Lending Library (CSLL) is a self-perpetuating collection of seeds donated and shared by members of the general public. Hosted at the Chico branch of the Butte County Library, CSLL is available free of charge to any Butte County Library card-holder. Come sign up for a free library card and beome a CSLL member today! You can check out up to five packets of seeds per season. Save some seeds from the healthy plants you grow, and bring them back to CSLL after harvest. If you are new to seed-saving, the library also has excellent books to help you get started. Check the CSLL facebook page for more great information about seeds-- and details about upcoming workshops.
How to Donate Seeds
- Preserve genetic diversity and food sovereignty
- Develop locally-resilient plants
- Offer free access to seeds for growing food, flowers, herbs and native plants
- Gardening & Permaculture
- Current topics/issues in agriculture
Relevant library materials for community needs
- Opportunities for visitors to connect over shared interests/passions
- Connection between library and ag community
CSLL is a partnership between Butte County Library, the Chico Permaculture Guild, and the Grub Education Program.
For more information:
Visit us on facebook, or,
Leave a message with your name and contact info at:
Chico Branch, Butte County Library


Why it’s important: Technological innovations are increasing efficiency in China’s agricultural industry. Traditionally, farmers plan their crop based on sales of the previous season. By gaining insights into user demand, crops can be planned more efficiently and costs brought by the disconnection between consumer demand and supply are lowered.
“Supported by the entire Alibaba ecosystem, Jutudi leverages the algorithm from Alibaba Cloud to help farmers plan their crops and harvest. Our smart logistics network, Cainiao, offers expedited delivery services to ensure freshness. Moreover, consumers can take advantage of flash sales on Juhuasuan to get the best bargains.”
10m Roll Plate Machine Wholesaler Quotes & PriceList
Details: Based on Juhuasuan’s flash sale and collective buying model, Jutudi lets consumers pre-order agricultural products before the harvest. In addition, the new Jutudi offers farmers and cooperatives analytics insights to improve their crop and supply chain management.
Context: Launched in 2014, Jutudi was originally a gamified virtual farming project where lands leased to Alibaba by farmers were then divided into plots and leased to online subscribers. The plots were managed by farm cooperatives, and subscribers would “tend” to the plots online by performing tasks such as plowing, weeding, and watering. Once the crop was ready, farmers deliver the produce to consumers.
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MoBioFood attended to the IPIFF Workshop and General Assembly
28-29 May 2018
The International Platform of Insects for Food and Feed (IPIFF) is a non-profit organisation which represents the interests of the insect production sector towards EU policy makers, European stakeholders & citizens. Composed of 42 members, most of which are European insect producing companies, IPIFF promotes the use of insects & insect derived products as top tier source of nutrients for human consumption & animal feed.
The IPIFF President explained that IPIFF will pursue its advocacy activities towards the widening of the regulatory possibilities for using insect proteins by EU livestock farmers, while exploring - through research - potential alternative substrates for insect farming in the future.


The world wide web would have you believe that Organic Animal Feed Supplies are the best things since sliced bread. It’s tempting to believe the world wide web claims about Organic Animal Feed Supplies. They sound so astounding — even authorities on the subject can fall victim to them. In this article entitled The Eight Biggest Organic Animal Feed Supplies Mistakes You Can Easily Avoid, we attempt to dispel these myths and provide you with the knowledge to make an informed decision about the way forward.
Nutrients Animal feeds are specially designed to provide all the vital nutrients to animals so that their body functions well and their health remains in great condition. Currently, the major net exporters in the developing world are Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Brazil and Argentina, but more oil and protein meal may be retained in future years for their own domestic use. While it is true that most of us in the North and West need to eat less meat and dairy products, it is also true that not all meat or milk are equal. Farmers who already own existing pastures which have previously been used for overwintering animals can now use their land for alternative purposes, including growing other produce. Organic yields can be the same as non-organic, if weeds are not a major problem.
After removing the pollutant by heating the material, the clay can be. This paper sets these out, and suggests possible solutions to the challenges we face. Otherwise then what is the use of giving such nutritious item when you are going to skip giving them and provide them only when you feel like giving them. This natural pig food has shown to help metabolism.
The most important disagreement between the two is in estimated energy value of fat sources. The best way to grow green fodder is using a hydroponic growing system. The encapsulation process allows a controlled and targeted release and thus is a tool when administering phytogenic feed additives. The majority of the energy and protein in grass hay is in the leaves. Help and information to help you decide on which poultry food may best suit your pets specific dietary needs.
Numerous trials have been conducted in Italy, where the additive was first tested, and later on in other countries. Young animals need more protein than adult animals, while animals in milk need a higher protein content in the ration than non lactating animals. The presence of mimosine, a toxic amino acid, however, limits its use in non-ruminant diets. Biological attributes of feeds are more laborious and expensive to determine, and are more variable than chemical constituents. How do you select the best wholesale animal suppliers on the market today?
The specialty feed ingredients and feed industry overall contribute to a more efficient feed and food chain and hence the sustainability of animal production. For him, insects are all about efficiency. Please select to which industry your inquiry pertains. Raw materials are only purchased from assured and approved suppliers, and all materials accepted by Midland Feeds undergo quality control checks and have full traceability. The best animal feed suppliers for those that react negatively to high starch diets.
However, the animal is unable to use all the energy present in feeds and there are several losses when the nutrients are digested, absorbed and metabolised. Generally, the cattle intake will be negatively affected as the feed deteriorates in freshness. Alfalfa is used to feed several animals, including horses, cattle, chickens, turkey and sheep. Though not currently approved in North America for mycotoxin binding, zeolite is the standard for a mycotoxin binder in many countries and also Europe by absorbing a broad Spectrum of toxins. The demand for organic animal feed is increasing.
The future of the feed industry will evolve based on a rapidly growing global population, changing social-economic climate, increasingly involved consumers and media and the constant pursuit for greater efficiency. The market for non-GM soya seems to be growing and may be increasingly important in the future. Water is a necessary compound of plants and animals. MICK GRANTS MAGGOTS could help provide more answers.
Any comments on how to improve this post on Organic Animal Feed Supplies can be addressed to the blog owner.
Natalie is an enthusiastic Journalist who enjoys Baking and Gymnastics. Connect on Facebook.


CHS is a global agribusiness owned by farmers, ranchers and cooperatives across the United States. Diversified in energy, agronomy, grains and foods, we’re committed to helping our owners and customers grow their businesses.
CHS offers a breadth of products and services to support our owners and customers every step of the way. Our practical solutions, local expertise and global connections give our farmer-owners and local cooperatives competitive advantages to reach their goals.
CHS is committed to making a meaningful impact in agriculture and rural America. Through our stewardship initiatives, we invest in programs that develop new generations of ag leaders, promote ag safety and strengthen hometown communities.
Cooperatives are owned and governed by members who use its products, supplies, or services and operate in many sectors of the economy. In a cooperative system, people come together to scale buying power, gain access to goods and services and create economic opportunity.
At CHS, our teams work together to provide the products, services and expertise farmers and cooperatives need to feed a growing population. As a CHS employee, you help empower agriculture by creating connections that bring shared success.
In the Fall 2019 issue of C magazine, you’ll find stories about growing agronomy services that give growers more options, how suburban customers are fueling cooperative stability and the importance of reliable rail transportation to American agriculture. You’ll also find cold weather fuel tips and learn how a program is educating nurses about ag-specific health needs.


A Comprehensive Introduction
The practice of growing plants from seeds can be highly rewarding and cost-effective, providing an opportunity to broaden the variety of your garden. By controlling the growth from its inception, you can achieve a successful gardening experience. This thorough guide will clarify the steps and unravel the secrets to effectively grow plants from seed.
Step 1: Grasping Seed Growing Basics
The journey of a seed to a plant, or germination, is intricate and requires an optimal environment: adequate water, appropriate temperature, air, and specific light or dark conditions.
The Essentiality of Water: Water initiates germination by softening the seed’s outer shell and facilitates nutrient transport within the plant.
The Influence of Temperature: Germination temperatures vary across seeds, but generally, a range of 60°F to 75°F is suitable for most seeds.
The Requirement for Air: Oxygen is vital for seed metabolism during germination. Ensure your soil is well-draining and loose to avoid waterlogging.
Light or Darkness: Some seeds need light for germination, while others prefer darkness. Check the seed packet for precise light requirements.
Step 2: Selecting Suitable Seeds
Several plant varieties are effortless to grow from seed, making them excellent choices for novice gardeners. Here are a few top recommendations:
Sunflowers: These resilient plants can withstand various soil conditions, grow quickly, and offer an eye-catching display in any garden.
Marigolds: These vibrant flowers are easy to cultivate and act as natural pest repellents. They’re ideal for borders and containers.
Basil: This fragrant herb is a kitchen essential. Basil seeds sprout rapidly in warm, sunny conditions.
Radishes: As one of the quickest vegetables to grow from seed, radishes can be harvested just a few weeks post-planting.
Zinnias: These colourful flowers flourish in sunlight and are drought-resistant, making them a low-maintenance garden addition.
Step 3: The Procedure of Growing Plants from Seed
Once you comprehend the basic steps, growing plants from seed becomes a straightforward task:
Choose Your Seeds: Opt for high-quality seeds from a trusted supplier to ensure a high germination rate and healthy plants.
Prepare Your Soil: Use a seed-starting mix, which is light and airy to facilitate root development.
Plant Your Seeds: Follow the seed packet’s recommended depth for planting. Some seeds need light to germinate and should be sown on the soil surface.
Maintain Ideal Conditions: Uphold the correct temperature, moisture, and light conditions for your seeds to germinate successfully.
Transplant Seedlings: Once the seedlings sprout their first true leaves, they can be transferred to larger pots or directly planted in your garden.
Care for Your Plants: Ensure regular watering, feeding with balanced fertilizer, and protection from pests and diseases.
Step 4: Troubleshooting Common Seed Growing Challenges
While generally uncomplicated, seed growing can present certain challenges. Here are some common issues and their solutions:
Seeds Not Germinating: If your seeds fail to sprout, they may not have the appropriate conditions. Review temperature and moisture levels, and confirm they’re receiving the required light exposure.
Damping Off (Seedlings Dying After Emergence): This is typically due to a fungal disease. Prevention measures include using clean containers and soil, and steering clear of excessive watering.
Leggy Seedlings: Tall, thin seedlings might be a sign of insufficient light. Relocate them to a brighter spot or consider using a grow light.
Slow Growth: If your seedlings are lagging in growth, they might require more nutrients. Try feeding them with a mild solution of balanced fertilizer.
The process of growing plants from seed can bring immense satisfaction, adding a sense of achievement and a visually pleasing garden. With the knowledge from this guide, you’ll be well-equipped to begin your own journey of growing plants from seed.
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Farmstyle / Back Country Enviro Composting Toilet
Why Choose the Farmstyle Waterless Composting Toilet?
The Farmstyle waterless composting toilet doesn’t use water to deal with your waste. Combine it with our grey water system for a complete waterless composting toilet solution.
The Farmstyle uses the same cylindrical Bio Chamber as the Aquatron system. The four-chamber composter has access to the humus from the top and is very efficient.
It’s small size also makes for easy installation.
Ideal for remote locations
The Farmstyle system is perfect for sites that don’t have water or power. The small fan can be run by a small solar pack.
Very low maintenance
The Farmstyle Bio chamber only needs rotating once every 3-4 months.
The Farmstyle composting toilet system is compact and easily installed – even on challenging sites.
Highest quality standards
The best waterless composting toilet design combined with New Zealand manufacturing excellence.
Eco-Friendly Farmstyle Compost Toilet
The Farmstyle composting toilet is easily installed on the most challenging sites.
Showing the throne that we supply with every Farmstyle composting toilet system.
Simple and Effective Design
View showing the inside of the throne. The urine diverter can be seen at the inside-front of the throne.
How the Farmstyle Waterless Composting Toilet Works
The throne we supply with the Farmstyle composting toilet system has a special urine diverter which stops liquid from entering the main bio chamber.
The diverted urine feeds directly into an appropriate container. Meanwhile, the solid waste will fall down the center chute into one of the four composting bins.
Any small amounts of liquid that happens to go into the bio chamber will fall through some small holes to then be drained away to the filters.
Inside of each of the four bins, place an amount of bark or mulch supplied with the Farmstyle unit.
Place the compost worms supplied in the chamber that is intended for immediate use. An amount of green leafy vegetables can be helpful to kick start the worms.
The worms don’t like large amounts of water, so it’s important not to dispose of any liquid down the compost toilet. Small amounts that don’t go into the urine diverter wont hurt the worms as the drainage holes will allow small amounts to escape and join the filtration process.
The worms digest the solid faecal waste, including toilet paper. But ideally, nothing else solid should enter the chamber other than green leafy vegetables if required.
Use common sense and ONLY put organic and plant based products into the chamber.
If you are going away or maybe just not using the toilet a lot, it is recommended that you put small amounts of leafy greens to keep the worms well fed.
Just rotate the composting bins every 3-4 months and remove the finished compost every 1-2 years.
View of two empty bins affixed to the rotating framework. This is where the worms live. You can also see the drainage holes.


i. Village Development Programmes: 80 percent of the tribal population is earning their livelihood from agriculture sector. Hence this is the unavoidable sector and need prioritized attention. Agricultural improvement is sweeping through the entire country. To enable the vanvasi farmers benefit from these developed methods of framing krishi vikas Kendra is functioning through extension programmes this Kendra is engaged in continuous upgrading of the framing methods in the far flung tribal areas improved seed methods and plants are being distributed on regular basis. Workshops held regularly keeps them abreast of the latest technology in the field of agriculture and horticulture. Usually tribal farmers are encouraged to adopt the modern farming and modern technology of agricultural method so that they can get sufficient agricultural production as per their hard labour. In order to achieve this, the workers of VANVASI KALYAN KENDRA organize monthly or fortnightly meeting in the most of the villages of Jharkhand. In this meeting the importance of modern farming and use of modern technology are discussed.
Farmers are also provided various types of agricultural training so that they can grow various kinds of knowledge regarding the various crops and grow their crops in the healthy environment.
ii. Self Help Groups – We have formed women self-help groups numbering 1234 in 500 places for creating awareness amongst women and men.
Self-Help Groups are the groups of individual either man or woman, who are organized and mobilized in order to become economically empowered through the saving habits, credit facility imparting training etc. There are 10-20 members in a group of SHGs. Out of the members three members are selected as the President Secretary and Treasurer respectively. This selection is done with the full consent and active participation of each and every member of the groups. It is process of social and economic empowerment in which every members of the group are encouraged to adopt saving habits weekly, fortnightly or monthly. At the time of formation of SHGs, the account of particular group is opened with the linkage of the local bank by the help of our workers. In the process of social and economic empowerment every member of the SHGs are imparted training time to time and by the help of the training and credit facility they establish their own small scale business and capable to earn their livelihood and fulfill their basic requirements.


The island of Ibiza can be roughly divided into four landscape zones: the north or steep coast, forests, cultivated land and farmland, beaches and bays.
The north coast is largely protected. The area ranges from the high plateau at Santa Agnès to the north-east tip of the island to Punta Grossa near Cala San Vicente. This region is sparsely populated. There are few localities and hardly accessible beaches and therefore very little tourism.
In the extensive evergreen pine forests of these landscapes, which are often interspersed with juniper bushes, rosemary, thyme and other wild herbs there grow also the rare holm oak, orchids and wild gladiolus.
On the coasts, beaches and bays and in wetlands such as Ses Salines, the water basins for salt extraction and Ses Feixes, the allotment garden zones around Ibiza Town, which were probably created by the Moors in the 11th century and are a UNESCO World Heritage Site the plants are particularly resistant to salt water. These wetlands are also the breeding grounds for many water birds. A flamingo colony lives all year round in the old salt basin of Ses Salines. Kestrels, ospreys and many other bird species such as seagulls, swallows, herons, cormorants and stilt also live in this area.
The culture and farming country of Ibiza is characterized primarily by a form of three-field farming, which is already known from the Middle Ages. Usually wheat, barley or oats are planted in these fields. Typically, almond, olive, carob and fig trees were cultivated in between.
On the edges of the often terraced fields, which were bordered with stone walls in dry construction, wild plants and vines grow for the farm wine. Corn poppy, margarite, spicy yarrow, wild fennel and wild asparagus.
In areas with groundwater or deep wells like San Antonio, fruits and vegetables are planted, especially melons, tomatoes, grapes, citrus fruits, but also legumes such as beans, lentils or peas.
Fruit trees with cherries, peaches, apricots, mangoes or avocados grow around Santa Gertrudis, a zone that is considered as fertile as the large plain in front of San Miguel.
The valley of San Mateo is known for its viticulture.
In addition to the Podenco Ibicenco, a dog breed (Pharaoh dog) introduced by the Phoenicians in Ibiza, there are a number of other indigenous animals in Ibiza. For example, the farm chicken Pollo payes, the Ibizan sheep, a wild rabbit and the pityuse lizard.


POSTS ABOUT AGRICULTURE PHOTOGRAPHY
Below you will find a sampling of blog posts from our photography journal relating to agricultural photography. Growing up in the prairies, Robert is no stranger to the unique landscape of farmland, as well as the variety of equipment used in agriculture. These blog posts include a selection of images from past assignments we have completed for our clients.
Photography in Agriculture
Photography has long been used as a tool for documenting and studying agriculture. Early photographs of farms and agricultural practices provide valuable insight into the history of agriculture and the way it has changed over time.
Today, photography continues to play an important role in agriculture, providing farmers with a way to document their activities and track the health of their crops. In addition, photographs can be used to identify problems with crops, such as pests or diseases. And finally, photos can be used to create marketing materials for agricultural products. Whether for historical or practical purposes, photography plays a vital role in modern agriculture.


2 edition of How to recognize and control sooty molds found in the catalog.
How to recognize and control sooty molds
Kenneth J Kessler
|Other titles||Recognize and control sooty molds|
|Statement||prepared by Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station|
|Contributions||North Central Forest Experiment Station (Saint Paul, Minn.)|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||1 folded sheet (6 p.) :|
These pests excrete honeydew—a substance on which sooty mold grows. Prevent black mold by eradicating sap-sucking pests. There are a variety of natural controls you can implement. Black mold, also called sooty mold, grows on plants in Florida that are visited by piercing, sucking bugs such as aphids, whiteflies, mealybugs, and scales. The mold benefits from either a sugary exudateproduced by the plant or fruit, or if the plant is infested by honeydew-secreting insects or sap suckers. Sooty mold itself does little if any harm to the plant. Treatment is indicated when the mold is combined with insect infestation. Contents. 1Description.
Control. To prevent sooty mold, control the insects. The insects involved are small and may be present in large numbers before the black strands of sooty mold appear. Thus, trees and shrubs should be observed frequently during the growing season for honeydew and . This article from the USDA tells how to recognize and control sooty mold. More on Native Plants from Mr. Smarty Plants Question: J .
Let the team at ServiceMaster of Kalamazoo help you kick the mold out of your home. If you have identified any of these molds in your household and are concerned, visit our mold services our page, fill out the form or call to receive a free free to ask any questions you have about the mold in your home. Sooty mold and scale insects on a citrus tree. We’re happy to say that we couldn’t find photographic evidence of any on the sago palms currently. A heavy coating of sooty mold can prevent life-giving light from getting through to the leaves, interfering with photosynthesis and further damaging the health of your : Allison Sidhu.
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Recognize and control sooty molds: Responsibility: prepared by Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. Sooty Mold (fungi – Capnodium spp., Fumago spp., and others): Sooty mold is a name commonly given to a condition that is not truly a disease, but a black coating on leaves, branches and fruit made up of fungal growth.
The fungus is usually dark colored and powdery-like, hence the name sooty mold. The fungi associated with this condition are saprophytic, that is, they do not feed on live.
When sooty molds are present on any surface in the landscape, it indicates there is, or has been, a sucking insect population present in the vicinity.
Control of sooty molds begins with managing the insect creating the honeydew. For example, populations. While sooty mold is unsightly, it is naturally occurring. It is not pollution. It can be difficult to identify sooty mold, especially on human-made objects.
If the material is only present on some areas of your property (especially on certain plants, such as gardenias and citrus trees), it is likely to be sooty mold.
Also, mealybugs (really a type of soft scale) excrete honeydew as they feed. Unsightly sooty molds will often grow on the honeydew. This honeydew can also get on walls, furniture, floors and other items making them sticky.
At high levels, mealybugs can cause plants to defoliate and even cause plant death. How to Identify Mealybugs. Sooty molds can be indirectly controlled by reducing populations of sucking insects that excrete honeydew.
The ﬁrst step in control of sooty mold is to accurately identify the insect pest problem (aphids, scales or other sucking pests) and suppress the speciﬁc pest excreting the honeydew to manageable levels NON-CHEMICAL CONTROLFile Size: KB. In high-value landscapes, sooty mold presents a sig-nificanteyesore.
Clusters of tall, insect-infested palms, for example, can shower plants in the landscape below with a sheen of sugary honeydew that feeds sooty mold fungi. This publication discusses the occurrence of sooty mold in Hawai‘i and what can be done to control the Size: KB. Sooty molds can be indirectly controlled by reducing populations of sucking insects that excrete honeydew.
Use the appropriate recommended chemicals that control aphids and other sucking insects. The appropriate chemicals your trees need for these sucking insects might be applying horticultural oil during the dormant season followed by an insect growth regulator in the mid-summer.
Aside from being unsightly the sooty mould can block sunlight to leaves and reduce plant vigour in severe cases. To get rid of the sooty mould you need to address the pest problem. Once you have that under control and they are no longer producing the honeydew, the sooty mould will dry up and flake off.
Learn how to recognize and prevent damage to bulbs, cut flowers, potted flowering plants, foliage plants, bedding plants, and ornamental trees and shrubs the IPM way. You’ll learn how to establish an IPM program for your nursery, techniques for managing pests in flower and nursery crops, how good cultural practices can nip problems in the bud, disease control techniques for root and crown Reviews: 1.
How to Recognize & Control Sooty Molds, USDA publication on the recognition and control of black sooty molds, including on buildings. This publication is also available in printed form from the U.S. Government Printing Office, HT  How to Recognize & Control Sooty Molds, USDA publication on the recognition and control of black sooty molds, including on buildings.
This publication is also available in printed form from the U.S. Government Printing Office, HT To the inexperienced, this looks like dirt as in this photo. Trying to give your plant a shower with a garden hose my remove some of the molds but the amount that is removed is small, other measures must be taken to bring these molds under control.
Another way to know if your garden plants are being attacked by sooty mold is to look for ants. How to Avoid Black Sooty Mold and Keep your Plants Healthy - Featuring schefflera plant - Duration: Growing Wis views.
How to Get Rid of Sooty Mold. Treating plant mold like sooty mold is best done by treating the source of the problem. This would be the pests that excrete the honeydew the mold needs to live.
First, determine which pest you have and then eliminate it from your plant. Once the pest problem has been solved, the sooty plant mold growth can be easily washed off the leaves, stems and branches. Sooty molds on leaves are easier to collect and identify than those on tree trunks (Hughes ).A drop of 2% collodion/parlodion solution (prepared in a volume/volume mixture of diethyl ether or absolute ethanol) or cellulose acetate is spread gently on the leaf colony using a glass rod or other similar tool.
A simple way to get rid of sooty mold is a hose end sprayer with detergent in it. Just spray the black leaves. Sooty mold is a fungus that is growing on.
Many species of ants feed on sugar and benefit when large populations of sap-feeding insects build up. Ants facilitate the excretion of honeydew and, thus, sooty mold. Nelson says that controlling sap-feeding insects and problem ants may be necessary in order to get sooty mold under control.
Sooty Mold is a thread-like, black-colored fungus that grows in honeydew secretions left by insect pests like Scale, Whitefly and Aphids. Once pests are controlled, sooty mold will dry out, flake-off and be less of a problem. You can wipe leaves with a wet cloth to clean houseplants.
Damage Sooty Mold on the topsides of leaves interferes with photosynthesis by blocking sunlight. Sooty mold, also called blotch or black mold, plant disease characterized by splotchy black stains or coatings on leaves, stems, and black residue of sooty mold is composed of dark fungal threads of a number of ascomycetes, including species of Alternaria, Capnodium, Cladosporium, Fumago, and fungi grow in flowing sap or on honeydew excreted by aphids and other sucking.
Controlling scale and aphids will control sooty mold. Controlling scale and aphids will control sooty mold. I know whole books have been written on the topic, so I .Sooty mold forms a gray or black coating on leaves, tender stems or flowers.
The mold may cover an entire leaf surface or appear in spots, depending on the severity of the problem. Although sooty mold doesn't penetrate the plant tissues, it can weaken it by blocking sunlight.
Sooty mold is a fungus which grows on the honeydew. As the name implies, it is sooty in color and the honeydew can be produced so heavily that it drops from the leaves to objects below the trees, where the fungus can grow and look like pitch. Control of the insects would be necessary to prevent sooty mold.
Control of sooty mold is targeted at.