When talking about premium chocolate, Panama is one of the best sources in the world. Almost all the cacao in the world comes from the Amazon basin and Central America. With some of the best terrain to grow cocoa beans, Panama has a rich history with this beloved foodstuff.
The history of chocolate goes as far back as the Pre-Colombian period. Panama’s history with the cocoa bean is not as defined as other places in Central America. Even then, tribes like the Ngobe people have a long tradition with the bean. Today, Panama’s fair trade cacao is among the backbones of Central American chocolate.
If you’re curious where your premium chocolate comes from, Panama is a likely source. Look at how it works. You can even start sourcing your chocolate needs from here.
Understanding the History of Chocolate
The history of chocolate goes as far back as a few thousand years in the old Mesoamerica. The cacao tree is native to these parts of the world, most in Mexico and Central America. Many archaeological researchers note at its presence in 11th-century vessels. They found remnants in many Mexican burial sites dating a few thousand years.
The earliest testable use of cacao goes as far back as the 3500 BC in Southeast Ecuador. Many glyphs noted to have spelled “kakaw” under rough translation. Many of the people who cultivated the cocoa bean were the Olmecs as a ritual drink.
Much of its use in olden Mesoamerica was not like the candy we know it today. As a matter of fact, the use of the chocolate drink did not involve any sweetness or sugars at all.
Many of the old native tribes processed cocoa nibs or cocoa grounds. These nibs will undergo further grinding into a paste with other spices. The resulting paste-like material will then mix with water. This method creates a sort of bitter spiced drink.
This proto-chocolate drink is xocoatl, which translates to “bitter drink.” This combined with chilis, creating a bitter but refreshing drink. Aztec royalty like Montezuma II and his cronies enjoyed such privilege.
Much of the value of cacao was from its use as a sort of proto-currency among the Mayans. Its importance was so significant that its value is reminiscent of coins. For 100 beans, for example, you can get a canoe full of fresh water or even a slave.
The Spread of Cacao To Europe
One of the most well-known stories about chocolate comes from the conquistadors. While Christopher Columbus was the first to encounter the cocoa bean, it did not catch up. It was not until Hernan Cortes saw its use in the Aztec king Montezuma II’s court.
In his exploits, chronicles list Montezuma II drinking goblets upon goblets of xocoatl. These came in big jars, and Montezuma demanded a continued supply of these beans. It was a belief that the concoction gave men virility. Montezuma believed this so much that he only gave it to himself and his military.
Once Cortes decided to invade the tribals of Mesoamerica, he also coopted the cocoa beans. At first, their use in Spain was only for their medicinal properties. People thought of using them as a remedy due to their inherent bitterness.
Once the use of sugar and honey came to pass, it became what we know these days as the cocoa drink. Sweeteners removed the inherent bitterness of the beans. Spaniards used to add spices on their cocoa drink until the habit faded into the 18th century.
Chocolate became widespread across Europe, so much so that people were crazy about it. Because of the sheer manual work that it needs, cacao became more famous in line with slavery. As most of the Mesoamerican workers perished to disease, Europe moved their plantations.
Many European countries transferred their plantations in Africa, using wage laborers and slaves. As new processes came, the Dutch discovered ways to separate cocoa butter. This allowed for a more consistent chocolate product, making the “modern” chocolate.
Cacao Farming in Panama and Central America
For a while, Central America did not have an active market for chocolate. Most of the chocolate used worldwide was from West Africa. Many came from the Ivory Coast, which was super productive. Almost two-thirds of the world’s chocolate production comes from this side of the world.
The second most significant source of cocoa beans in the world is Indonesia. They produce almost around 660,000 metric tons of cacao every year. Countries like Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru make up the top 10 cocoa bean producers.
Panama, for its size, is a prolific producer of cocoa beans. It’s well into the top 40 chocolate producing countries in the world, 662 metric tons of cacao. While this is not even 1% of what West Africa can provide, its quality is where it sets itself apart.
Panamanian chocolate is what we know as high-quality chocolate. This gourmet chocolate variety grows under excellent conditions, many of which are organic. Cocoa beans did not receive any pesticide treatments, giving them a cleaner flavor.
What also makes Panama’s chocolate superior is the fair trade quality of the cocoa farms. Fairtrade is the concept of paying the farmers more, in exchange for some quality standards. It allows farmers to get more out of cocoa bean production and cacao futures.
How did Panama restart their chocolate economy? The story is not as old as you think.
Why Did Panamanians Decide to Sell Cocoa Beans?
Most of the gourmet chocolate that comes out of Central America, Panama in particular, comes from the premium demand for chocolates. In 2008, the recession caused global chocolate demand to go higher than ever. The prices for chocolate went as much as double digits because of the low supply.
A significant demand for premium chocolate comes from the growing taste for dark chocolate. Much of the growing market at the time look at chocolate’s health benefits. People are starting to tout the positive effects of dark chocolate. When compared to traditional milk chocolate, dark chocolate has more benefits.
This sudden growth in taste for chocolate created a two-fold impact on the industry. First, people have an increase in demand for chocolate products. North America and Europe had a taste for it before. Now, developing nations from the Asia-Pacific region developed an appetite for it.
The other impact in the chocolate industry came from higher demand for cacao. Dark chocolate has a higher concentration of cocoa in it. This results in more cocoa beans needed per ounce of the product.
In 2008, Panamanians started to take advantage of this demand by starting their farms. It takes around five years for a cacao tree to bear fruit, with a growing period of about a decade. Many Panamanians understood years before that there was a demand for their produce.
Looking At Cacao Plantations In Panama
A good chunk of Panama’s chocolate production comes from small farms. Many small and indigenous farmers are planting cocoa in their backyards. Among these indigenous communities are the Ngäbe natives.
The Ngäbe people are a native of the Panama-Costa Rica border region. This encompasses western Panama, in Bocas Del Toro, Veraguas, and Chiriqui. Half of their lands are arable, with varying terrain types and altitudes.
The history of the Ngäbe people with the cacao tree goes as far back as the conquistadors. During the colonialization, most of the Ngäbe people went into the mountains. These mountainous areas have less arable land but more suitable for cacao trees.
The modern history of cacao with Panamanians comes as late as the 90s. During this time, many locals stopped growing cacao. A growing fungal infestation hit their cacao trees, driving prices down.
Now, Panamanian farmers are back on the market, using small farm cooperatives. These cooperatives help set prices and protect the farmers from unscrupulous buyers. They understand how strong the demand is for cocoa and the premium it commands.
Why Panamanian Chocolate Are Premium
As we said before, three keywords are dominating the value of Panamanian chocolate. These keywords are:
Why should you care if your chocolate is organic, fairtrade, or ethical? If you care about the quality of life of the people producing your food, these are vital.
Organic is a marketing buzzword. The word means farmers are not using harmful pesticides for their crops. There is no difference in the taste or final output of these crops.
Organic, however, prevents heavy pesticide use. The entire process is all-natural – a word whose value varies from people to people.
What we know is that organic cacao has superior value. When you compare them to non-organic crops, people are likely to buy organic. This gives Panama’s cacao farmers better chances to get more value out of their products.
Fairtrade and ethical sourcing go hand in hand. Fairtrade provides indigent cacao farmers the resources to get fair market price for their cacao. Why was there a need for fair trade policies?
For many years, the price of cacao was not competitive for many farmers. The farm gate value of cacao was not enough to sustain the amount of work and time needed for it. In many parts of the world, farm owners tried to squeeze more through unethical means.
For example, West Africa’s Ivory Coast had a history of using unethical child labor practices for their cocoa farms. This forced labor abused children for the sake of lowering the cost of cacao farming. Many questioned this unethical means of cacao farming, which affected the value of chocolate.
A movement towards ethical farming practices developed. Fairtrade policies drummed up to assure that farms follow ethical standards and keep product quality. For a better farm gate value, cacao farmers will only provide ethically-sourced products.
This movement created different benefits for farmers. First, people stopped using forced or child labor in their farms. By keeping to the standards of quality many chocolate providers ask for, farmers get to sell premium value cocoa beans.
Growing Cacao in Panama
Which areas in Panama grow cacao trees and produce premium chocolates? As we noted, most of Panama’s chocolates come from its western side. These are what we know as the Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca, which are indigenous reserve lands.
In the Comarca, Bocas Del Toro, Veraguas, and Chiriqui. Along Bocas Del Toro, a good chunk of indigents use cacao as a cash crop alternative.
To do so, they take on different challenges to produce the chocolate that many of us take for granted.
For starters, many of the indigenous chocolate farmers in Bocas Del Toro come from hard to reach areas. They hail from areas such as Tierra Oscura, where there are no roads or any proper transportation. Many indigents come from the mountains and travel via boat or foot to move their cacao.
Many indigent men and women from the local tribes do their share of work on the cacao. The men tend to go out to the plantations to handle farming and harvesting the cacao pods. This is among the most dangerous parts of the production process itself.
Most cacao trees don’t grow in orchards, but rather in managed forest areas. These cacao trees grow with other trees in the area, within the general ecology of the forest.
This terroir, much like its value in wines and coffee, helps dictate the quality of cocoa beans. Things like proper soil, climate, fermentation, local ecology, and drying has a strong effect on cacao’s flavor. Panama provides the perfect conditions to get superior quality chocolate from these cacao trees.
Fermenting Cacao to Cocoa Beans
Once the cacao pods are ripe for harvesting, the locals will open these pods and remove the placenta. The placenta will contain valuable beans that will undergo fermentation and drying.
Most of the current cocoa farms in Panama use a fermentation box. Fermentation allows for the cocoa beans’ pulp, known as baba, will start to hydrolyze. Yeast, enzymes, and bacteria will eat this pulp, breaking into sugars and carbon dioxide.
Over time, a combination of anaerobic and aerobic processes will start an exothermic process. The beans will heat up, produce acids and alcohols, and start intensifying the flavor of the cocoa bean.
Raw cocoa beans are very bitter and harsh flavors in them. Through this fermentation process, the seed creates much of its deeper flavor profiles. We know that as much as 70% of the quality of cocoa beans come from the fermentation process itself.
Local cacao farmers in Panama rely on their fermentation boxes to improve the quality of their beans. The dry, moist air and the fair-weather in Panama are crucial in the fermentation process itself. Fermented cocoa beans, however, don’t have the right flavor similar to chocolate nibs yet.
To further develop cocoa beans into chocolate, beans need to undergo the drying process.
Drying Cocoa Beans to Chocolate Nibs
The goal of drying cocoa beans is to remove as much of the moisture out of the bean as possible. Fermented cacao starts with around 60% moisture content in the beans itself. The final goal is to reach about 6 to 7.5% moisture. Anything below 6% will make the cocoa bean dry and brittle, creating a crumbly consistency.
Cocoa beans need to dry in a prolonged process to help the fermentation process to finish. If you dry them too fast, the beans will be very bitter, resulting in low-quality cocoa beans. You want an internal bean temperature of around 149 F (65 C).
To achieve this, native cocoa farmers in Panama use the sun drying method. This involves spreading out the beans on wooden mats under the sun. Farmers rake the cacao flat, allowing for uniform drying of all beans.
Some drying beds have a moveable roof that can cover the bed. This feature lets the cacao farmers cover their beans during rains. Rains can destroy and spoil the entire process, lowering the potential quality of the cocoa.
Sun-drying varies depending on the location and the intensity of the dry season. In many areas in Central and South America, drying can last between 5 to 7 days. In Panama, the locals do the drying process for as long as 10 days.
Panama’s geography, its dense jungles, and proximity to the sea can impact the drying process. The extended days of drying can be problematic to the locals, as a single day of rain can ruin the beans.
Selling the Cocoa Beans
Once the beans are dry, the farmers will bring them to the cooperative. From here, they have different options to take advantage of their chocolate.
First, the cooperative will either buy the cacao from them and sell the cocoa to their buyers. This move allows the farmer to exchange their cacao and get good money from the transaction. Much of this comes from fair trade cooperation with many first-world chocolate manufacturers.
The other option is to produce premium chocolate products from their cacao. Panama’s premium chocolate has a growing reputation among tourists. Because some people don’t get enough from selling their cacao via trade, some try other ways to sell.
Many native Ngäbe people start to sell products infused with the premium chocolate locals sell. Once the locals learn steps on how to convert their cacao to chocolate, natives create unique products to market. This process includes everything from designer chocolates with plantains, coconut, and even vanilla.
By selling their products, they increase the value of their cocoa beans. Another way of selling their cacao is not via products but experiences.
Looking at Panama’s Cocoa Tours
Much of Panama’s cacao industry improves the value of their cacao with cacao tours. Bocas Del Toro is famous for its chocolate tours, allowing tourists to see how they produce their cacao.
Since much of Panamanian chocolate farms follow excellent organic farming standards, this entices many tourists. Their ethical farming practices of cacao also increases the value of their goods further.
Most of the cacao eco-tours last for around 3 to 4 hours, depending on where you are. The chocolate tour starts by letting tourists go into the tropical rainforests that contain the cacao plantations. Much of these plantations are accessible via boat travels, which also lets tourists see native wildlife.
The tour will start with a quick history of Panama chocolates, together with local flora and fauna. The journey itself has several activities, which include letting tourists open cacao pods to see raw beans. The guides will teach the tourists about their local farming methods and how they process their cacao.
Tourists will see the cacao in various stages of production, even allowing some to try traditional cacao processing methods. Some farms will also do factory tours if there is one in the area accessible for a visit. They would even allow sampling of their local produce so tourists can enjoy 100% organic chocolate.
Chocolate Manufacturing in Panama
Premium chocolates from Panama don’t only come from small farmers. There are also more prominent local chocolate manufacturers who take advantage of Panama’s high-quality cacao. One of the most prominent manufacturers is Oro Moreno.
Oro Moreno is the home branded chocolate manufacturer of Panama. Part of their pride stems from their “tree to bar” production. They use the same cacao from their farms and produce their superior quality chocolates.
Much of Oro Moreno’s work involves handling the cacao from start to finish. By working with a sustainable forest fund, they get to create a superb terroir for their cocoa to start in. They ferment and dry their beans along Bocas Del Toro. Oro Moreno then continues manufacturing in their artisanal factory.
What makes Oro Moreno a good choice for Panamanian chocolates is what they embody. Their chocolate checks all the boxes for Panama cacao. They’re organic, with most of their cacao coming from indigenous farmers. Their 150 hectares of cacao plantations have ethical sourcing, which allows for a premium chocolate bar.
Why does ethical sourcing matter these days? People now show concern where their food comes from. Because of such concerns, much of their chocolates come from cacao that does not abuse its farmers.
Much of Oro Moreno’s premium chocolates come in the form of seasonal designs. Together with their standard offerings, they also provide seasonal chocolates for different events. They offer chocolates during Christmas and Pascua (Easter) too.
The Future of Chocolates in Panama
What’s next for Panamanian chocolate? Panama’s cocoa farms are still on the cusp of development. Their farming techniques and facilities still need support, together with other materials for moving their cacao.
For starters, native farmers still need proper support from the government. Roads and more transportation options can help more impoverished farmers move their products. They can save more of their transportation costs and move faster than ever.
Another concern for small cacao farmers is the processing centers for their beans. Many indigenous farmers need specialized equipment in both fermentation and drying. Many of these processing facilities need custom construction, which means time and money.
Many farmers would also benefit from a better price point for their cacao. Fairtrade policies are significant for the farmers, but they need to get more out of it. Not all the chocolate they produce passes quality standards, so a better way to use such cacao will be useful.
A superior price point for their chocolate can also help them keep current ethical standards. Much of the challenge of keeping ethical standards is the need to lower costs and create more significant margins. If farmers can get a bigger margin from their crops, they not only sustain their farms but grow as a producer.
The chocolate industry in Panama still needs to grow further. Farmers would need a way to rise from farming the cacao and getting meager payments. By learning further skills, they can handle the production itself and create products on their own.
The idea is for farmers to have a way to take advantage of their chocolate. While they’re providing their cocoa beans for international manufacturers, processing it to chocolate can net them more money.
Cacao plantations in Panama are some of the best in the world. Premium chocolate comes from the superior beans that Panamanian farms produce. With the growing demand for top-quality chocolates, cocoa beans from Panama are there to fill it.
Panama’s history with cacao goes as far back as the ancient times, with natives working on the cacao farms. While Panamanians stopped growing cacao in the 90s, the product is making a comeback. Among the growing chocolate industry in Panama, small and big providers are there for you.
Most of the local farmers are native Ngäbe people from mountainous areas. Through fairtrade agreements, they get to produce premium cacao. Manufacturers will use these on organic, ethically-sourced chocolates for you to enjoy.
Some more prominent local chocolate producers will take care of the cacao. They will go from tree to bar, handling the entire process to create high-value Panamanian chocolates. If you love chocolate, Panama’s chocolates are among the best in the world.
If you’re a chocolate lover, you can also take advantage of local eco-tours. These tours will show you the entire process of farming cacao, from the trees to the pods, and processing them. You will be able to taste it fresh and even made with your own hands.
Modern cacao farmers in Panama would need better support and technology to go beyond farming. By giving them a method to take advantage of their produce, native Panamanians can go beyond selling their cacao beans.
Are you curious about chocolates from Panama? There’s more to it than meets the eye, so you should experience it yourself. Taste every bit and take some home, and enjoy their delicious taste with every bite.
The notion of tipping is based on rewarding good service. Tipping, which is called “propina” in Panama, similarly works under the same basic principle. If you find a service truly helpful and...
Spending the weekend with your family or loved ones is one of the best ways to take a break and escape the routine that makes life dull and boring. While you can easily do so creatively by simply...


Monday, July 2, 2007
The planet is blessed with an abundance of water, but sadly most of it is of no use to anyone in the form of seawater.
With free energy that will all change.
About 90% of the cost of desalinating seawater into freshwater for drinking and irrigation is in the electricity required to power the desalination process. Steorn’s new free energy technology radically changes this scenario. With the cost of generating power now eliminated we can desalinate oceans worth of water at little or no cost.
What does this mean for us?
Well, an abundance of fresh water means we can now pipe unlimited freshly desalinated water into the driest of countries with the only real expense of building a pipeline.
Technology also already exists to extract water from the surrounding air. With free energy, this technology can be commercialized and deployed to extract freshwater at little or no cost in areas that are even more remote.
Picture the dry, cracked soil of desert regions being turned into lakes, resevoirs and fields for growing food. The importance of fresh water on people’s lives works on so many levels. With an abundance of fresh water, we can offer clean drinking water and eliminate water borne diseases to millions of people in Africa and the developing world.
With an abundance of fresh water we can grow fields of crops in the driest of conditions and this will seriously tackle the ongoing problems of starvation and hunger in the 3rd world.
It’s probably our most valuable resource and without free energy we cannot get the supply of water to the people who really need it the most. At the moment millions of people drink dirty, contaminated water, every day, because of the scarcity of this most valuable resource that we in the Western world take so much for granted.
All we need now is a rapid commercialization of the underlying technology through the private sector, and with Steorn’s very unique licensing model, this will help propogate the technology faster than ever.
I look forward to witnessing the transition over the coming years and being able to see what Orbo free energy technology can bring these nations. They’ve had their fair share of tragedy and it’s about time it changed.


We plant early and late. Our produce is delivered fresh twice a week to Ohio Valley Food Connection for restaurants and families from Lexington to the greater Cincinnati area. For 2018 we will be joining the Boone County farmers market and have joined Local Harvest as a C.S.A. farm. Shares are available for 2018 May – October delivery or pick-up. There will be a free fall harvest meal for all of our C.S.A. members in September. Pumpkin picking will start the last Saturday of September, call for dates and times. Email: firstname.lastname@example.org with any questions.


Bananas are one of the most popular fruits on the planet. They can be used in unique recipes, traditional dishes or as a quick snack while on the go. Dieters have been implementing bananas into their meal plans for decades without giving a thought to the nutritional value, but how many calories are in a banana?
The biggest factor in determining calorie content in a banana is its size. Yes, size does matter! Most of us munch on bananas without giving much thought to how many calories are being consumed, but bananas come in a variety of sizes which can greatly affect the calorie content, especially for those losing weight.
If you are trying to lose weight then you need to be able to determine how many calories are in a banana. Below are some helpful tips to assist you in your determination, but first let’s learn a little bit about this versatile fruit.
Background on Bananas
As most of us know, bananas are grown in tropical environments across the globe and makes up one of the leading fruit crops. The banana is highly sensitive when it comes to its growth temperature and requires a year of frost-free weather conditions in order to develop the right way. One frost or 32-degree temperature reading and the entire banana crop would be destroyed, both fruit and foliage. In fact, if the temperature drops below 55 degrees Fahrenheit, most types of bananas stop growing. On the opposite end of the spectrum, if the temperature exceeds 80 degrees Fahrenheit, banana growth will be affected.
Extreme weather affects the growth of bananas and high temperatures or over-exposure to the sun stops growth entirely and damages the leaves of the banana tree. In order to maintain the quality of the fruit and provide the proper nutritional value, bananas must be grown in the right environment.
Nutritional Value of Bananas
It is useful to know the nutritional value as well as how many calories are in a banana. Some argue that a banana contains fat, while nutritionists claim there is no fat to speak of. In the largest sized banana there is approximately 0.5 grams of fat in the entire fruit.
Bananas do, however, contain ample amounts of vitamin B6 (approximately 100 grams per banana) and vitamin C (approximately 100 grams per banana). Bananas also contain sugar and are high in fiber. The fruit offers a well-rounded source of nutrition for those losing weight.
Determine How Many Calories are in a Banana
The first step in determining how many calories are in a banana is to evaluate the size. All bananas are not created equal and come in a variety of sizes. Overall, they maintain the same shape but the size can drastically differ. Here are some helpful tips in evaluating how many calories are in a banana.
• Extra small – Typically a banana that is less than six inches provides approximately 75 calories per serving. The serving size is one banana.
• Small – A small sized banana is between six and seven inches and offers 90 calories.
• Medium – A mid-sized banana typically measures between seven and eight inches and contains 105 calories.
• Large – A large banana measures between eight and nine inches long and contains approximately 120 calories.
• Extra Large – An extra large sized banana is over nine inches in length and contains 135 calories.
Bananas come in a wide variety of sizes and it is not uncommon to pick up a bunch at the grocery store that includes a mix of lengths. Do your best at home to measure the fruit in order to learn how many calories are in the banana you eat.
© 1997 - 2017 LosingWeight.com. All rights reserved.


These terms imply that products are made by hand in small batches.
CERTIFIED NATURALLY GROWN (CNG)
These products are certified by an independent organization as having been produced in approximate accordance with national organic standards, a program involving fewer paperwork requirements and lower certification fees for farmers than the USDA's National Organic Program. The claim "natural" is unregulated.
In addition to organic practices such as crop rotation and composting, biodynamic farmers rely on special plant, animal, and mineral preparations and the rhythmic influences of the sun, moon, planets and stars.
Refers to standard agricultural practices that are widespread in the industry. Can (but does not necessarily) include use of pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, mono-cropping, antibiotics, hormones and other agribusiness approaches. Conventional farming in the U.S. may also include the use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs).
ELECTRONIC BENEFITS TRANSER (EBT/SNAP)
This electronic system has taken place of the previous Food Stamp Program. It allows participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) to authorize transfer of their government benefits from a federal account to a retailer account to pay for fresh foods. The Greater Springfield Farmers' Market has the capability to make use of this technology on site and can accept SNAP benefit cards.
These crop varieties, also called farmers' varieties or traditional varieties, have been developed by farmers through years of cultivation, selection and seed saving and are passed down through generations. Generally speaking, heirlooms are varieties which have been in existence for a minimum of fifty years.
Food and other agricultural products that are produced, processed and sold within a certain region, whether defined by distance, state border or regional boundaries. The term is unregulated at the national level, meaning that each individual farmers' market can define and regulate the term based on their own mission and circumstances.
USDA guidelines state that all "natural" meat and poultry products can only undergo minimal processing and cannot contain artificial colors, artificial flavors, preservatives, or other artificial ingredients. The claim "natural" is otherwise unregulated.
All products sold as "organic" must be certified as adhering to the USDA National Organic Program standards. Certification includes annual submission of an organic system plan and inspection of farm fields and processing facilities to verify that organic practices and record keeping are being followed.
Agriculture that is socially just, humane, economically viable and environmentally sound. The term "sustainable" is unregulated
Foods with this label contain no animal products such as meat, dairy, eggs, gelatin, or honey
Fruit that has been allowed to ripen on the vine or tree. Many fruits that are shipped long distances are picked while still unripe and firm and later treated with ethylene gas at the point of distribution to ripen and soften the fruits.


We have the quality
Orange Europe is a company established in Sweden and is subsidiary of Orange for agricultural Crops. Orange Europe is a part of the family-owned business along with four other companies. We are active in the fruit and vegetable industry and our mission is to manage Orange for agriculture Crops business in Europe as well as manage different business deals. Our offices are located in Germany and Sweden. We export to 21 different countries around the world but our main goal is to grow in the European market. We strive to develop our performance and satisfy our customers by delivering high quality products.
Our products have the best condition with a lot of sunshine as well as rich soil. We strive to offer the best products with the best quality for our customers and therefore we have a strict control on our products. Our companies use IPM techniques when it comes to pesticide management and application. Only authorized pesticides in Europe are used and PHI are followed in order to match MRLs of European countries.
Our packinghouses are scattered over a total area of 30 000 squared meters. Its also equipped with 4 high end production lines making us capable of producing 1000 tons of citrus per day. We also have a 4000 tons cold storage area which gives us many advantages over the competition and a bigger area for maneuvering. With a skillful team Orange Europe makes sure to apply the newest technologies in the production to increase the efficiency . Sustainability is always important to us and therefore we use the most advanced technology to prevent and minimize waste in all forms.
Global G.A.P GRASP is a voluntary module developed to assess social practices on the farm addressing specific aspects of workers' health, safety and welfare.
ISO 22000 sets requirements for a food safety management system. It shows what an organization needs to do to insure that the food is safe.
Global G.A.P is a brand that stands for a range of standards for safe, socially and environmentally responsible farming practices
FSC is an international organisation dedicated to promoting responsible management of the world's forests.
BRCGS is a market leading global brand that helps build confidence in the supply chain, offering a range of standards where certification provides a mark of food quality, safety and responsibility.
Sedex helps a company to reach its sustainable business goals. This allows the company to quickly identify and manage risks in an effective way.
We have 600 amazing employees , 200 in each packing house, who have many years of experience with fruit, packaging, etc to ensure the best quality possible.
Annually 60 000 tons of our high quality fruit is exported to Europe.
We have all the certificates that ensures our clients of our high quality and safe products.
Each one of our products has its own season. Thanks to our wide range of different fruit, we are active all year around.
Today we have 2 sales offices in Sweden and Germany. Contact our sales Director Alexander Salomonsson for further questions.
+46 70 404 33 14
We are able to produce around 1000 tons of citrus a day which is around 35 containers daily! Our packinghouses are scattered over an area of 30 000 squared meters


| 10/26/09 5:51 PM |
JACKSON HOLE, Wyo. – Oct. 26, 2009 – Cornell alumnus Lawrence J. Van De Valk, director of the Empire State Food and Agricultural Leadership Institute (LEAD New York) was recently honored by the International Association of Programs for Agricultural Leadership (IAPAL) with their Outstanding Leadership Program Director award.
"Several other IAPAL program directors and countless agricultura ... ...Read more
| 10/26/09 4:16 PM |
AMES, Iowa – Oct. 26, 2009 – To demonstrate lifelong involvement in the colleges and universities we call home, AGR Hall of Fame member has made a major gift for Iowa State's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Marvin and his wife, Janice, Walter have donated a major gift to Iowa State University’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.
The couple have pled ... ...Read more
| 10/26/09 10:02 AM |
FORT ATKINSON, Wis. – Oct. 26, 2009 – The associate editor of Hoard's Dairyman magazine has been elected president of the National Dairy Shrine. During the organization's 60th annual meeting, Wisconsin-Madison alumnus Corey Geiger was elected to the post, in which he becomes the leader of the 18-member board.
Geiger has served as associate editor for the publication s ... ...Read more
| 10/22/09 2:40 PM |
MADISON, Wis. – Oct. 22, 2009 – The College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS) was well represented on the 2009 University of Wisconsin-Madison’s Homecoming Court with two AGR undergraduates on the 10-person court. Alex Newman and Andrew Mulrooney were selected to the Badger Homecoming Court based on their academic achievements, campus activities and their community in ... ...Read more
| 10/22/09 9:28 AM |
FORT ATKINSON, Wis. – Oct. 22, 2009 – Wisconsin-Platteville alumnus Chuck Miller has been named Director of Agricultural Sales at Nasco, a Fort Atkinson, Wis., based mail-order company.
As Director of Agricultural Sales, Miller will be in charge of the sales of farm supplies and equipment for Nasco’s Farm & Ranch catalog and agricultural teaching aids for Nasco&rsqu ... ...Read more


Kniha: Environmental Adaptations and Stress Tolerance of Plants in the Era of Climate Change v anglickom jazyku
Názov: Environmental Adaptations and Stress Tolerance of Plants in the Era of Climate Change
Autor: Ahmad, Parvaiz; PrasadVydavateľ: Springer, 2012
Dostupnosť: 5-7 dní
- One of the most comprehensive studies on plant adaptation during abiotic stress
- Covers special topics on plant signaling during stress
- Numerous visual material, including over 100 figures and tables
Climate change is a complex phenomenon with a wide range of impacts on the environment. Biotic and abiotic stress are a result of climate change. Abiotic stress is caused by primary and secondary stresses which are an impediment to plant productivity. Prolonged exposure to these stresses results in altered metabolism and damage to biomolecules. Plants evolve defense mechanisms to withstand these stresses, e.g. synthesis of osmolytes, osmoprotectants, and antioxidants. Stress responsive genes and gene products including expressed proteins are implicated in conferring tolerance to the plant. This volume will provide the reader with a wide spectrum of information, including vital references. It also provides information as to how phytoconstituents, hormones and plant associated microbes help the plants to tolerate the stress. This volume also highlights the use of plant resources for ameliorating soil contaminants such as heavy metals.
515 p. 85 illus., 40 in color.


Orissa University of agriculture and Technology (OUAT) Results
Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology
UG/PG Exam Result 2017
Merit List of M.Sc Biotechnology (College of Basic Science and Humanities) Session 2017
Easily check your Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology Results:
Update-The Radhakrishnan University Education Commission of 1949 emphasised the need for establishing Agricultural Universities in India., Subsequently, the indo-American team consistitued under the Chairmanship of Dr. K.R. Damle (1955), the then Vice-president of Indian Council of Agricultural Research, suggested a system of education for Indian as followed in the Land Grant Colleges of USA. In 1961, the Legislature of the State of Orissa enacted the Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology Act, 1961 with the object of establishing and incorporating a University of Agriculture and Technology for the agricultural education of the people of the State. Check your
OUAT exam results name wise
online. University took its birth when the two Govt. managed Colleges, the Utkal Krushi Mahavidyalaya and the Orissa College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry with their staff were transferred to the University.
© Charu Mindworks (India) Pvt. Ltd.


Farmers categorical readiness to feed Nigeria regardless of COVID-19 pandemic
• Demand public well being scenario report from Buhari
Farmers in Nigeria have expressed readiness and capability to provide sufficient meals for the nation regardless of the socio-economic disruptions attributable to the pandemic COVID-19.
In a press release by the nationwide president of the All Farmers Association of Nigeria (AFAN), Mr Kabir Ibrahim, the affiliation acknowledged that “It is horrifying to notice the enormity of the impact of COVID-19 in Italy at the moment. The unfold of the pandemic throughout the globe is equally horrifying.
“All Nigerian farmers are poised and fully awake to address the challenge of providing enough food to feed the nearly 200 million mouths in the nation.”
Apart from feeding the nation with nutritious meals, the farmers mentioned they might play the brotherly position of manufacturing meals for different African nations, particularly shut neighbours to the nation.
“We are additionally not unmindful of the chance of taking part in the ‘big brother’ to all of Africa if the scourge exacerbates. To this impact, I enjoin all of us to take proactive actions to keep away from infections from coronavirus.
“The preventative measures continuously advertised by the Centre for Disease Control must be adhered to,” Kabir mentioned. The affiliation urged the federal government in any respect ranges to make stopping the unfold and eradicating the virus their topmost exercise till the target is achieved.
“Every other matter in this country should take a backseat pending the control of the coronavirus pandemic,” the affiliation suggested.
AFAN known as on the federal government and all meals stakeholders to guage the progress made and difficulties related to the agro-industrial coverage tagged the Green Alternative.
“Our meals system should be correctly reappraised to keep away from any inadequacy that might trigger catastrophe.
“The people charged with the responsibility to ensure the well-being of the populace in the areas of health and nutrition should continue with the good work they are doing with encouragement from the president and all Nigerians,” AFAN mentioned.
The farmers known as on the president to, as a matter of urgency, “address the nation on all the efforts in place and the state of preparedness in case of escalation of the pandemic virus.”


Bayer CropScience has agreed to a $750 million dollar global settlement with rice farmers over contamination by Bayer’s experimental “Liberty Link” genetically modified rice. The controversial GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) was discovered in the commercial rice supply, causing a plunge in exports to Europe and slamming the rice industry.
Under the terms of the global settlement, Bayer has agreed, subject to certain terms and conditions, to settle pending claims for payments not to exceed $750 million. Prior to this agreement, Bayer had lost several jury trials and settled an additional three cases before they reached a jury.
“This settlement is validation for American rice farmers,” said, chair of the court-appointed executive committee for the plaintiff farmers. “It was a long, hard fought battle, but certainly worth the effort, and we’re pleased with the result.” He represents many of the rice farmers involved in the litigation.
The settlement will be open to long-grain rice farmers in the United States, affecting well over 8,000 farming operations. A Claims Administrator has developed computer programs to administer the settlement process.
“We wanted to ensure that the farmers received fair compensation for their losses” explained Arsenault. “The farmers believed in us and we believed in them. It created a bond and momentum that sustained us throughout the many years of aggressively fought litigation.”
According to lawsuits , farmers in five states claimed Bayer negligently contaminated the commercial rice crop with genetically modified LLRICE 601 and LLRICE 604, leading to export restrictions, bans on two varieties of high-yield seed and a plunge in prices. Within days of the restriction announcements, the decline in rice futures had already cost American rice farmers many millions.
“Our perseverance paid handsome dividends for deserving farmers,” concluded Arsenault.


Need help about a course?
Education Directory /
Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology /
MSc Agriculture Biotechnology
Ask a question|
Print this page
About the course
Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar offers Post Graduate programme in Agriculture Biotechnology and successful candidates are awarded M.Sc. (Ag) Biotechnology degree.
During the 2 years programme the students are exposed to both basic and applied aspects of biotechnology and taught in the multidisciplinary areas of Agricultural Biotechnology and allied fields of Biotechnology. The syllabus covers core courses in Molecular Biology, Techniques in Molecular Biology, Molecular Genetics, Principle of Genetic Engineering and Plant Tissue Culture. The optional courses like Enzyme Technology, Microbiology, Principle of Immunology and Immunodiagnostics, Industrial Biotechnology, Environmental Biotechnology, Gene regulation, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tissue Culture of Forest and Horticulture crops, Biotechnology for crop Improvement and Biodiversity, IPR, Biosafety and Bioethics are provided. Minor courses in Plant Physiology, Plant Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Plant Breeding and Genetics are also included in the syllabus. Submission of these based on research findings of the student is essential for the degree programme. The areas of theses research include DNA fingerprinting, Marker-assisted selection, Transgenics, Gene cloning and Expression, Enzyme technology, In vitro techniques in crop improvement. Besides, the students have an opportunity to undertake training in National / International Institutions and reputed Biotechnology industries inside the country.
Candidates admitted to the programme are eligible to get student scholarship of Rs. 1200/- per month.
MSc Agriculture Biotechnology
Admission / Hostel Fee
Information not available
Mode of Admission
Admissions are through the Combined Entrance Examination MSc Agriculture Biotechnology & MVSc Biotechnology
Eligibility Criteria / Entry Requirements
Bachelor's degree under 10+2+4 pattern of education in Agriculture, Horticulture, and Forestry with at least 55 marks in traditional system OR grade point average of 6.5 in 10 point scale OR 3.0 in 4 point scale from any recognized University.
Information about the courses provided here is partial and should not be treated as comprehensive. i.e The institution would be offering other course than those mentioned here. Students are advised to check with the intitution for the latest information in regard to the course.
The following is a partial list of other Universities offering Master of Science (MSc) - Agriculture Biotechnology in Orissa
The following is a partial list of courses similar to Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology Master of Science - Agriculture Biotechnology offered by other Universities in India
Note: The above courses are picked automatically by the website for indicative purpose only and does not mean that the University treats the courses as equivalent or similar. Students have to check with the University for the similarity of the course or for any further information in this regard.
Enter a detailed keyword. Ex: Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology MCA Admission Notification 2012


True Blue Water Dye
It is well known that the sun and bottom sludge and nutrients in the water column help to grow aquatic weeds. How do we block most of the sun to these weeds and algae below the surface of the water? True blue water dye is a great way to stop or block the sun slowing aquatic weed growth. The blue water dye is made up of different colors of dye having different effects on the weeds. Very simple to use the water dye comes in a 1 gallon jug good for a smaller pond or in water solu-paks for bigger bodies of water. It is also safe to use as it is a vegetable base water dye. You start in the spring with a dose that covers the whole pond then add a little every month to hold the color and strength. 1 litre dose a 50′ x 100′ pond to start and a packet of soluble dye does the same. From 4’ and deep the water dye is the cheapest way to control weeds and algae growth in your ponds. We have had the same special on the solu-paks for many year, 6 packets to a box. 1 box is $120.00 shipping and taxes included any where in Canada! Please give us a call to go over your pond size and needs!


This is according to the second Grow Africa annual report which was released on Monday by Grow Africa, a partnership platform between the African Union (AU), the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) to accelerate the transformation of Africa’s agriculture through the Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP).
Of the 7.2 billion US dollars in new commitments, the Grow Africa partners have already invested 970 million US dollars, which has directly led to the creation of 33,000 new jobs and has assisted 2.6 million smallholder African farmers with provisions of new services, sourcing, contracts or training.
(READ MORE: farmers vital to Africa's agricultural transformation)
The investment is also in line with the World Bank’s African agriculture growth forecast, which they believe will triple in size by 2030 to become a 1 trillion US dollar industry.
(READ MORE: Agriculture to become Africa's new frontier for growth)
Most investments to date have been made by African based companies while half of the invested funds have been towards Nigeria due to the size of its economy, as well as its government’s renewed political commitment to agriculture which has attracted domestic and international investors.
(WATCH VIDEO: Nigerian agriculture sector to create 3.5 million jobs by 2015)
The Grow Africa annual report also highlighted a number of best practices for African farmers looking to scale up their businesses. It also discusses new public sector bodies such as the Agricultural Transformation Agency in Ethiopia, as well as frameworks to attract private investments into specific regions like Tanzania’s Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor.
The report however noted that Africa’s agriculture sector must address a number of challenges such as the lack of access to relevant financial products and the fragmented relationship between public and private institutions, before it can reach its full potential.
“The 2013 Grow Africa report shows good progress on many fronts, but overall, it shows that the level of investment, and the speed and reliability of reforms to the sector remain too slow to be truly transformative for Africa’s smallholders,” said Ibrahim Assane Mayaki, chief executive officer (CEO) of the NEPAD Planning and Coordinating Agency.
“Governments must accelerate action to improve the enabling environment in response to market priorities and the private sector must innovate and be willing to take on and share risk."
(READ MORE: Investment essential to boost agriculture growth)
Rhoda Peace Tumusiime, commissioner for rural economy & agriculture at the African Union, added that there also needs to be more focus on the inclusion of female farmers.
“The year 2014 is a clarion call for concerted efforts by governments, farmers, development partners and private sector players to sustain CAADP momentum. In particular, we need to ensure well-designed public investments in agriculture result in better inclusion of women, who make up the bulk of smallholder farmers yet do not benefit equally from investments in agriculture,” she said.
Arne Cartridge, CEO if Grow Africa, stated that the partnerships’ focus for 2014 will on strengthening stakeholder relationships as well as empowering Africa’s youth.
“Grow Africa's focus for 2014 will remain on creating better linkages between stakeholders and projects to accelerate the speed of return on investment. We will also put specific emphasis on projects that engage African youth at a time when so many are moving to cities. Nearly 90 per cent of rural youth who work in agriculture contribute up to one third of Africa’s GDP (gross domestric product) and we cannot afford to lose this growth driver.”
The Grow Africa Investment Forum is set to take place in Abuja, Nigeria on the 6 to 9 May 2014.


At Cosmic Packaging we have you covered!
Covering your vines is easy with our high quality vine covers to protect your crop.
At Cosmic Packaging, we provide Vine Covers to assist you with:
- Crop protection from rain damage
- Guarding against winter freezing
- Stress reduction due to the harsh sun
- Increased crop quality
Why not come into Cosmic Packaging’s showroom to see our boxes on display. Or, to speak to one of our friendly team members about our cardboard products, please contact us.


I received the Pennington Smart Feed Sprayer System to review free courtesy of Pennington, and BzzAgent. I really love it. I'm a busy Mom, that runs the household and a small business, so anything to save me time is always a plus.
I keep my garden looking fresh with daily watering and weeding once a week. I now will be adding this system to my weekly routine.
The sprayer system attaches to your water hose. So there is no mess when you are fertilizing. You simply twist it on your hose. Load the application of fertilizer and spray.
The fertilizer comes in three different varieties. It comes in All Purpose, Flowers & Blooms, and Tomato & Vegetable.
The system is super reasonably priced, another thing that I love. The sprayer system is $12.99, and the refill tablets are $9.99. You can find this product at Walmart, Home Depot, and Lowe's.
I have $4.00 off coupons. If you would like one, please ask me in person.


Totto Winery Harvest Report: 2023 Vintage
In September 2022, we released Totto Winery's first Harvest Report. We received a lot of positive feedback and realized the importance of keeping our efforts visible.
Here is a report on this year's viticulture, along with climatic conditions such as temperature, rainfall, and sunshine, as well as the growth status of each grape variety and the quality of wine that can be expected.
1 ．General view of the grapes
Winter and spring brought warm days with little snowfall. With the cherry blossoms blooming earlier than usual, the grapes also grew at a faster pace than usual. Sprouting (buds emerging from the vines) was one to two weeks earlier than last year, and although we had concerns about frost damage, the vines grew well with no major damage.
May brought more rain than usual. Rain at this time of the year, when the grapes are in bloom, can lead to blossoming, which greatly affects the grapes' ability to bear fruit. Some grape varieties will have reduced yields due to the lack of fruit set due to the rain, but this is a positive factor for wine grapes as the reduced yields are thought to improve the quality of the grapes.
This year, the rainy season began on May 29, eight days earlier than usual. This also led to earlier disease outbreaks. The rainy season brings additional disadvantages for viticulture: increased rainfall, reduced sunlight, and increased humidity.
The prolonged rainy season meant more rain than usual. Outbreaks of downy mildew and Anthracnose* also occurred, but the variety's resistance to the diseases and pest control work enabled our grapes to survive the rainy season. (*Anthracnose: A disease caused by a filamentous fungus. It causes withering of branch tips and poor fruit enlargement.)
After the rainy season ended on July 20, it was followed by 25 days of extremely hot weather with almost no rain. The almost total absence of rainfall allowed the grape berries to ripen more rapidly, but the days remained too warm, making it difficult to obtain the moisture necessary for grape growth. Because the fruit was ripening we were not keen to irrigate, but the vines needed some water to keep them healthy. In many plots, the ground was dry, and some vines experienced significant wilting.
Vines dying due to dryness of the ground
(August 14, 2023)
The same vineyard in 2022
On August 15, Typhoon No. 7 caused extensive damage to the eastern part of Tottori Prefecture including an extreme heavy rain warning for the entire city of Tottori. The winery also suffered damage. In particular, the vineyard where we grow our proprietary Ubeno grapes suffered unprecedented damage, including collapsed shelves.
Knowing that the typhoon was coming, grape varieties that had reached a certain level of maturity were harvested before it arrived, while unripe grapes were harvested as needed after the typhoon.
The grapes harvested before the typhoon were in excellent condition due to the previous good weather.
Grapes harvested after the typhoon passed had to be picked before they split from the excessive moisture. We believe that with grapes in various conditions, we can maximize the potential of the grapes by using cold fermentation, which is what we have been doing since the establishment of our winery.
The 2023 vintage was marked by short-lived localized rain that threatened our living conditions, but the grapes were harvested without severe damage.
【About Typhoon No. 7】
Hourly precipitation: 63 mm
(the largest ever recorded in August)
Total precipitation: 225.5 mm
(twice the August total precipitation in previous years)
Maximum instantaneous wind speed: 24.6 m/s
Average wind speed: 8.2 m/s
Figure１ Average Temperature in Tottori City from April to August
Figure２ Trends in total precipitation in Tottori City from April to August
2．Overview by Grape Variety
(1) Yama Blanc
Developed at the University of Yamanashi for cultivation in Japan's hot and humid summer climate, this variety is a cross between Pinot noir and the crimson glory vine, and has characteristics such as no splitting, small berries, as well as excellent wine quality.
This year, the grapes did not suffer from frost damage in early spring and grew well, but more rain than usual from April to June affected fruiting, such as flower shaking. Although there was some damage from downy mildew, the grapes survived the rainy season, heat wave, and typhoon, and each grape has a concentrated fruit flavor. This is the flagship grape variety of Totto Winery, and we are looking forward to this year's harvest with great anticipation.
（Yama Blanc: photographed on August 14）
(2) Yama Sauvignon
Developed at the University of Yamanashi for growing in Japan's hot and humid summer climate. It is a cross between the crimson glory vine and Cabernet Sauvignon, and has the same characteristics as Yama Blanc and can be colored well in cloudy Tottori.
This variety also grew soundly without frost damage. Due to the high precipitation, branches grew quickly, and we had to manage them from May to June. Mildew appeared earlier than usual, but due to the resistance of the grape varieties and the control of the disease, the growth was almost unaffected. Veraison (grape coloration) was normal, and we expect to reach the grape quality we are aiming for.
（Yama Sauvignon: photographed on August 14）
Ubeno is our own original high quality white wine grape variety developed to cope with the climate of Tottori. Ubeno was first vinified and sold last year, and was highly acclaimed for its sweet pineapple-like fruit aroma and ripe fruit-like flavor. 169 bottles were sold out within 3 months of its release. This variety was most severely damaged by the typhoon in August. We have some concerns about how the earlier harvest due to the typhoon will affect the quality of the wine. However, we are aiming for a flavor comparable to last year's vintage through careful vinification using low-temperature fermentation in order to bring out the full potential of the Ubeno grape.
（Ubeno: photographed on August 14）
Lino is a proprietary white wine grape variety developed for the same purpose as Ubeno. Last year's wines were very good, with fresh, acidic and mineral wines with a refreshing Muscat aroma. The grapes grew well without feeling the effects of the rainy season, and were harvested in good condition before the typhoon in August. Although the grapes are new to the vinification process, we expect the wines to be of higher quality than last year.
（Lino: photographed on August 14）
(5) New varieties for our original red wine (*Official name to be decided by the end of this fiscal year)
As with Ubeno and Lino released in January 2023, we are also conducting research on red wine varieties that can be grown in the Tottori environment. This year, we plan to release wine made from this new red wine variety (hereafter referred to as "New Variety Red").
The new variety Red not only has high quality when made into wine, but also has the ability to cope with a climate that changes drastically every year. It is disease resistance and resistance to cracking.
The new variety red is relatively early ripening and, like Lino, was harvested in good condition before the typhoon. The grapes had sufficient sugar content and the grapes' thick skins ensured that there were no splits.
Please look forward to this year's first new variety red to be vinified.
（New Variety Red: photographed on August 14）
(6) Western varieties
In addition to the above varieties, we also grow and vinify other European and American varieties. Each variety has a different character, and we are very excited to see how the wines turn out.
Rainfall in mid- to late-August caused some fruit damage prior to ripening.
（Syrah: photographed on August 14）
(b) Pinot Noir
Dryness after the rainy season improved the sugar content of the berries, resulting in rich fruit flavors and aromas.
（Pinot Noir: photographed on August 14）
The ripening speed varied from vine to vine, but generally the grapes grew well.
（Grenache: photographed on August 14）
Heavy rains caused by the typhoon temporarily flooded the vineyard, but the grapes have grown into healthy bunches.
（Chardonnay: photographed on August 14）
This season, rain shelters were installed, and the fruit has grown into healthy bunches with no fruit breakage.
（Riesling: photographed on August 14）
Totto Winery Co.


“The poetry of the earth is never dead.” John Keats
Naming a painting is almost more fun than painting one for me. I wanted to convey the joy I have in growing our own food. We've always grown our own vegetables, and in recent years have been slowly replacing ornamental shrubs with ones that produce food. Hence, the two varieties of currants you see here. It may not be as pretty for people who drive by, but you have no idea how fun it is go outside in the morning and pick your breakfast. Our raspberry bushes reside in the back yard and produce a bounty of yumminess there.
Growing food is a lot of work: tilling the soil, weeding in the hot summer sun, fighting diseases, weather and insect threats. But, when things work out, Wow! Fresh raspberries and currants for breakfast. Fruit to freeze for our harsh wintery months. I call that poetic and I'm doing my best to keep it alive.
This Winsor & Newton professional watercolour painting was done on Arches 200 lb. watercolour paper. The size is approximately 50 cm X 50 cm (19.5" X 19.5") and unframed.


Almond peel is the best preservative, so it’s better to buy them with peelsaboresd
There are many people who wonder how to preserve the almonds so they do not become enranged. The answer is simple: if you do not want to have rancidity problems, it is best to keep the almonds in their shell. You will have the inconvenience of having to break the shell at home, but today there are enough domestic tools to do so without having to occupy a large space in the kitchen and if not only must see this small almond split manual machine.
Hard-shelled varieties, which are predominant in Spain and have a quality far superior to the varieties of soft shell of American or Californian almond, are the most suitable to preserve almonds for months, even a year, without danger of that they become enrancien or they are piquen.
With storage in a sack in a cool and dry place and in its shell is more than enough. The right temperature is between 0 and 10ºC, so the fresher the place of conservation, the better they will be stored in their shell. The ideal is that the almonds have already detached the moisture that characterizes them when we pick them from the tree.
A couple of weeks of drying in the air and in the sun will be necessary to lose it. Not in vain, almonds are one of the nuts that contain less water content, so it is very important that they are removed from damp places. On the other hand, it is important that once consignments are kept in a dry and cool place and hermetically isolated. A well-closed glass jar is a suitable place to keep them for a few weeks while they are being consumed and without losing their main properties.


Organic Gardening Made Simple Through These TipsThe organic craze that's currently sweeping the nation is a good thing in many ways. However, there is one area where organic foods are failing the average person, and that's with the incredibly high price of the produce. If you want to produce some home-grown organic food, these tips will help you do it.
A great way to maximize garden potential is to plant perennials. Some edible vegetables will come back year after year with minimal maintenance like weeding, mulching, and fertilizing. Asparagus, bunching onions, and horseradish all will come back every year. Depending upon climate, there are many options for growing perennial vegetables for a maximum yield.
Buying a container-grown shrub. Slide the shrub out of its container to check for a well-developed root system. The roots should have healthy, white tips, and not look dry at all. Don't buy a plant if it has poorly developed roots, or if the roots are congested and coiled around the base of the pot. These kinds of roots rarely establish themselves once they are planted in the ground.
Key to any garden activity is using the right tools. While having a shovel is essential, so are other tools that work best with your garden size. For smaller gardens, short handled tools work best, for larger gardens longer handled hoes and spades work better. Make sure you keep a sharp edge on your tools for easier work.
Use seedlings to run relay planting. Using seedlings can allow you to get a jump start on the growing season and improve yields to the harvest by extending time. If growing lettuce and a squash harvest is needed for summer, then after the lettuce has been harvested you can plant seedlings to get a jump start on another crop and a higher yield for the garden.
The use of natural plants can make a garden without any work. Many plants will self seed and grow a perpetual crop without any work at all. Butternut squash, pumpkins, and cilantro will grow and self seed growing new crops year after year with almost no work and become a permanent garden feature. Grow them in areas such as the compost pile or along fences for maximum results.
Get the most out of garden space by growing compatible crops. When growing a crop like tomatoes, plant lettuce and spinach in between to grow in the shade of the taller plants. This will maximize the space used in the garden. Also, grow plants which mature at different times alongside each other like carrots and radishes. The radishes will be ready in only thirty days while it takes much longer for the carrots to mature.
Try using latex or plastic gloves instead of cloth gardening gloves. Cloth horticulture gloves do not block moisture well - a problem when working with moist soil, and they often get stiff, crinkly, and uncomfortable after a few uses. A sturdy pair of plastic or latex gloves, like those used for cleaning, are a much better choice. They protect against moisture, and cleaning is as simple as rinsing them off under a hose and hanging to dry.
discover here and leftover coffee can be used to repel slugs. If you have an issue with slugs in your garden, you can repel them effectively with coffee. You can sprinkle coffee grounds on the soil around your plants or use leftover coffee in a spray bottle to spray the slugs directly.
Asprin will actually help your plants out by killing diseases. To add the aspirin to the plant, dissolve about one tablet and a half into approximately two gallons of fresh water. Spray the plants with the aspirin water to assist plants in battling disease. The process can be repeated every three weeks or so.
In the hottest time of the day, most vegetables are less firm; even the act of harvesting the veggies may cause bruising. Vegetables and fruits should always be cut from the vine, not twisted; twisting subjects a plant to needless stress.
You need to remember to drink plenty of water while you are gardening. Many people forget to keep up with their water intake because they do not think that they are doing a strenuous activity. Gardening may not always be strenuous but extended exposure to the sun can lead to dehydration and drinking plenty of water is one way to prevent it.
Make easy work of washing your organic produce with a laundry basket. As you pick your produce, lay them in a plastic laundry basket, which works as a strainer. Hold the hose over the top and the water can make quick work of rinsing all the dirt and other matter off of your fruits and veggies.
The best way to water your organic garden is to use a soaker hose. Soaker hoses not only conserve water, but also direct the water exactly where it needs to go, into the dirt, rather than on the leaves and into the air. By watering the leaves, you leave your plants susceptible to fungus growth.
To naturally rid your soil of nematodes, which are soil-dwelling pests that can hurt tomatoes and potatoes, use marigolds. The chemicals released by the marigolds' roots and decaying leaves is toxic to nematodes. Plant marigolds near your tomatoes or potatoes, or till them into the soil before planting.
When you first begin using organic produce you will realize that it tends to rot quite a bit faster. This is because less preservatives are used. Having a lower shelf life means that you need to cook or eat the produce a little bit faster than you would normal store bought options.
While most people think of large organic farms when they hear about organic gardening this is not always exactly how it works. If click this are interested in becoming an organic farmer all you need is a small piece of land and some seeds of your own. If you plant it and take care of it, it is probably organic!
When horticulture, know what is available for you to use. For example, purchase organic fertilizer rather than chemical fertilizer. Compost is a great example. One good thing about using an organic method is that the use of inorganic fertilizers contain lots of chemicals that can build up and end up in the drinking water.
Through the article, you should have picked up on a few tips that will help you plant and raise your garden with a little better results. As you can see, it takes a combination of time, care, and planning to make it reach the full potential. Of course, having a "green thumb" doesn't hurt.


Agrovoltaics is an agricultural practice that uses solar panel technology to generate power while simultaneously providing shade and crop protection. It is seen as an innovative, sustainable way to increase crop yields, reduce energy costs, and minimize the environmental impact of agriculture. Agrovoltaics also has the potential to be used in various applications, such as using solar panels to power greenhouses, providing energy for irrigation, and creating renewable energy sources. By combining agricultural and energy production, agrovoltaics offers numerous benefits to farmers and the environment. Additionally, agrovoltaics can be used to create jobs in rural areas, as well as stimulate the economy by fostering an agricultural-based green energy industry.


The Columbia Gorge Winegrowers Association (CGWA) is a close knit organization that is proud of its dedicated artisan wineries, vineyards and associate members. Check back for more stories featuring our passionate and dedicated members.
Welcome to a little bit of Italy in Hood River at Marchesi Vineyards.
Marchesi Vineyards is the result of owner, Franco Marchesi's passion for Italian wines. Born in Italy in the Northwestern Piemonte region, Franco came to the U.S. in 1977 via a cruise ship where he was working as a sommelier on board. He was able to travel the world over and visit many interesting wine regions and settled in Oregon in 2001. During this travel, Franco was able to continue to educate himself on fine wines, varietals, and most importantly, develop a palate that has been instrumental in his profession in the wine industry for over 40 years.
The property where Marchesi Vineyards now lives was once an apple orchard; abandoned when Francho purchased it in 2003. A lot of love and determination went into turning the location into a producing vineyard. The vineyard started with plantings of Barbera, Dolcetto, and Pinot Grigio and then Pinot Noir -- not Italian style but because Franco likes the wine. All wines are available from the tasting room in Hood River at 3955 Belmont Dr. Visit 11am-6pm daily May-November; Dec-April weekends only.
The vineyard rests on a south-facing slope in the Hidden Valley off Dry Hollow Lane a few miles out of The Dalles, Oregon.
Ten acres of Merlot and five acres of Syrah grow in the clay, sandstone and basalt laden soil. The vineyard sits adjacent to a red barn that supported a dairy farm at the turn of the century. Bob and Barbara Bailey bought the land in the early seventies, converting the site from alfalfa to apples then to cherries and finally in 1999 to vines. Cherries still grow alongside the vines perhaps infusing their favors into the grapes.
Pearblossom Vineyards was planted in 2009, fulfilling a lifelong dream for owners Laszlo and Julie Regos. After careers as a Hollywood cameraman (Laszlo) and a pharmaceutical company executive (Julie) we are fully enjoying our new roles as viticulturists growing superb wine grapes that go into many locally made wines, as well as wines made as far away as Colorado and California's Napa Valley.
The vineyard is on 18 acres of former pear orchard, located at 1200' on the south facing slope of Underwood Mountain, an extinct volcano overlooking the spectacular Columbia Gorge. We are the westernmost vineyard in the Columbia Gorge AVA., and our grape varieties, Gewurztraminer, Riesling, Pinot Noir and Gruner Veltliner are all considered cool climate varietals.
The terroir of the vineyard, a combination of the volcanic soil, the deep roots of the dry farmed (non-irrigated) vines, the warm summer days that ripen the grapes and the cool summer nights that preserve the acidity Underwood Mountain is known for, all add up to grapes that make delicious wines.


Alkacel 20x WS
Water soluble Targeted enzyme for cornsoy rations of broilers and layers.
ALKACEL 20X ws is a targeted exogenous enzyme preparation designed to hydrolyze the major NSP in corn soy rations,
releasing and making available the trapped energy and proteins.
ALKACEL 20X ws improves digestibility of corn soy rations,
effectively digesting and removing the negative digestive effects of NSPs in the corn soy diet.
Download brochure here


MPA and MPP Job list***Salt Lake County Community Garden Coordinator
angela.stefaniak at cppa.utah.edu
Wed Mar 2 10:05:42 MST 2011
Now Hiring: Salt Lake County Community Garden Coordinator
The coordinator will work with community members, Salt Lake County employees, businesses, and local leaders near the community garden site(s) to organize, design and coordinate up to two community gardens on County land. Click here<http://wasatchgardens.org/sites/all/modules/civicrm/extern/url.php?u=667&qid=95428> to read full description.
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
More information about the Mpajobs


watches,breitling replica,fake breitling for sale
Most landscape beds are covered with some sort of mulch. Some people consider decorative gravels as mulch, landscape mulch is defined as an organic material that is used as a ground cover. There are a many Different Mulches to choose from. Mulches are used in landscape beds for a myriad of different reasons. First, mulch enhances the aesthetic look of a landscape. In addition a thick layer of mulch helps hold moisture in the soil. This water holding capacity is especially important during droughts and when trees and shrubs are first planted.
Mulch keeps plant roots cool during the hot part of the summer and warm during the coldest parts of the winter. In addition, mulch around a tree or shrub seems to be a visible barrier to your trees and shrubs. One of the most important reasons to use mulch is to control weeds that seem to continually come up in your landscape beds. Mulch also controls erosion that could develop if the soils between shrubs would remain bare. Of all the different kinds of mulch available, hardwood bark mulch seems to be the most popular, undoubtedly due to is low cost. It is the least expensive mulch found in the Heartland. Every sawmill in the Heartland produces hardwood bark mulch as a bi-product of the milling operation. Because it is so plentiful and local, hardwood bark mulch seems to be the mulch of choice. There are some drawbacks to hardwood bark mulch. Pest control companies say that this mulch attracts termites. I doubt that it attracts termites, but there is no natural termite repellent in hardwood bark mulch. If termites are in the area, they will certainly like the addition to their home range. Bark mulch tends to deteriorate rapidly, and often forms an impervious layer on the surface of the mulch bed. This impervious layer often contributes to the demise of azaleas and rhododendrons. One of the problems with hardwood bark mulch is that sometimes fungi can grow on the mulch in warm wet weather. This disgusting looking fungus looks like an animal vomited in your landscape. In order to reduce this problem, occasionally stir the mulch to allow air to get into it. This should reduce the fungus problem. Cedar and Cypress Mulches are also available in the Heartland. Both of these woods have natural insect repellents present. In addition these mulches do not breakdown as rapidly as hardwood bark mulch. Some gardeners like to use pine bark mulch, pine mini nuggets, or pine nuggets. The mulch is similar in appearance of hardwood bark mulch, but it does not form an impervious layer, as does hardwood bark mulch. The nuggets and mini nuggets are just larger particles of bark, great for use around azaleas and rhododendrons. Unfortunately the nuggets and mini nuggets blow in the wind and can be moved easily during a heavy rainstorm. Some people like cocoa mulch. This mulch is derived from the husks of cocoa beans. Its small particle size gives your landscape mulch a more formal look. It usually stays where you placed it no matter what the weather. Its only drawback seems to be cost. Also, if you have dogs, check with your veterinarian to make sure this is safe for your pets. I am not sure if there is any validity to it but there has been some reports of the cocoa mulch having negative affects on dogs. I have just mentioned a few mulches that you can find out there. In addition to the ones mentioned you can use gravels, colored mulch which is ground up used pallets and dyed, rubber mulch which is ground up used tires, leaves, grass clippings, sawdust, and wood chips. Let me caution you about using mulch with a high content of wood or unrecompensed leaf matter. The fungi that decompose wood and leaf matter require a lot of nitrogen to do their thing. This nitrogen is absorbed from the soil below the mulch. The depletion of soil nitrogen can be extremely detrimental to shrubs and trees growing in the raw mulch. When you mulch use about a three to four inch layer. Make sure you keep the mulch an inch or two away from the stem of trees and shrubs. If you put the mulch up on the stem, the stem will slow rot due to all of the excess moisture, and your trees and shrubs will slowly die. Mulch is not always a cure all. Its presence can cause problems. If your area is naturally wet, layers of mulch will inhibit soil drying. Plants in that area can actually drown during wet seasons. So be sure you know what the mulch will do to soil pH, and the pH requirements of the plants in your landscape. As mentioned above, pine needles will reduce the soil pH to about 5.0. Hardwood bark mulch usually keeps the pH around 5.5 to 6.0. 1-800-MULCH-PRO is a network of the most elite and reputable landscape supply companies in the country. Call 1-800-MULCH-PRO or visit us online at www.1800mulchpro.com


|Home||» Products||» Trace Mineral Salt||» Mono Hydrate Zinc Sulphate|
Mono Hydrate Zinc Sulphate
We have established a reputation position in the domain by manufacturing and exporting a superior range of Zinc Sulphate (Mono Hydrate). These chemicals are used as zinc additive in various sectors such as feed processing, agriculture and fertilizer. Formulated at our state of the art machining facility by utilizing qualitative compounds, our Zinc Sulphate (Mono Hydrate) is recognized for its longer shelf life, accurate competition and purity. We adhere to the parameters of the national and international quality standards to provide clients with utmost satisfaction in terms of quality.


thyme is one of the finest thyme crops famous in the Levant and free of genetically modified materials. It is characterized by its Syrian Aleppo taste. It is available in several distinctive flavours and ready to be served with or without additives as desired.
|Packaging type||Plastic Sack|
|Gross weight||406 gr|
|Net weight||400 gr|
|Total dimension||0.0006435 M³|
|Pieces in box||12 Pcs|


Should Your Oatmeal Come With A Warning Label?
Is the oatmeal you love as healthy as you think it is? Is it free from glyphosate and other herbicides or pesticides?
A trending topic over the past few days has been about oatmeal and oat products reported to contain alarming levels of glyphosate – a herbicide linked to cancer by California state scientists and the World Health Organization. Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup® a weed killer made by Monsanto that is the most heavily used herbicide by U.S. Farmers.
While we hate fear-mongering as much as the next guy, this story really hits home for us. Both because we make our own Oatmeal and Oat-based products, and because many of us here at John’s Killer Protein® are ourselves consumers (and parents to young consumers) of the brands being reported on by CNN®, EWG® and the FDA.
What brought this to everyone’s attention was a historic court case that wrapped up last week, in which a California jury ordered Monsanto to pay $289 Million to a man dying from cancer. Because of the apparent link between glyphosate and cancer, and the overwhelming evidence presented and argued during this California court case, there was a renewed interest in testing products we consume that are made from grains and crops known to have exposure to glyphosate.
But First – The Good News!
At John’s Killer Protein®, we make two products that contain Oats. Both are certified GMO Free and are made with certified organic oats grown, harvested and processed without the use of herbicides or pesticides.
As a matter of fact, none of our protein blends have traces of pesticides, chemicals, additives or any harmful ingredients. That’s because we take our sourcing very seriously and pay close attention to the smallest of details. Our vendor-partners are scrutinized and selected carefully. We only source the highest quality and purest ingredients, and independently test each ingredient to ensure compliance with our high quality standards.
We do this to ensure that every product bearing the John’s Killer Protein® name is pure, clean, and free from unwanted contamination, harmful chemicals, additives, fillers or artificial ingredients.
The Environmental Working Group (EWG®)
The EWG tested more than a dozen brands of oat-based foods that we, as American consumers have become accustomed to eating with the presumption that they are safe. EWG released their findings in a report on August 15, 2018 by Alexis Temkin, Ph.D, Toxicologist , and the results were alarming!
- 43 of 45 products tested showed presence of glyphosate.
- 75% of products tested had glyphosate levels higher than what EWG scientists and the World Health Organization consider safe for human health.
Below is a table that shows levels of glyphosate found in the brands and products tested by the EWG:
How Big Is This Problem?
Each year, the EPA estimates that 250 million pounds (yes, Million!) of glyphosate is sprayed on crops by U.S. farmers. These crops are almost always grown from genetically modified seeds, engineered by Monsanto to withstand the same herbicide Monsanto also makes. The effect of this practice is that these GMO crops will survive while unwanted weeds and plants will not. It’s actually quite an effective (and scalable) way to grow crops without unwanted weeds or plants – If it wasn’t for the cancer-causing health effects of spraying food with glyphosate!
Why Should You Care?
Once sprayed or used in pre-harvesting, glyphosate will stay in the food supply and make its way into the finished packaged product we pick up at the local store.
The highest levels, greater than 1,000 ppb (ppb stands for parts per billion – and that’s because trace elements of this chemical is all takes to cause health issues) were detected in two samples of Quaker® Old Fashioned Oats. Three samples of Cheerios® had glyphosate levels ranging from 470 ppb to 530 ppb. Glyphosate was also detected at concentrations of 10 ppb to 30 ppb in five of 16 samples tested. The five samples came from the two brands: Bob’s Red Mill® and Nature’s Path®. This is concerning because these levels are found in household name products and are considered unhealthy by unbiased scientific and medical communities world-wide.
Brands With High Levels of Glyphosate
Legal Does Not Make It Safe – History of collusion & conflicts of interests
Two years ago, under pressure from the Government Accountability Office, the FDA began testing for glyphosate in a limited number of foods. We suppose the FDA thought it’s better late than never! At the 2016 North American Chemical Residue Workshop, an FDA scientist presented data showing that glyphosate has been detected in several oat-based food products. After a Freedom of Information Act request by US Right to Know, earlier this year the FDA released documents that said the agency has found “a fair amount” of glyphosate in several processed foods. The results have not been released, but could be made public later this year or in early 2019.
While the EPA continues to deny that glyphosate may increase the risk of cancer, court documents introduced in the recent California trial (the same one that awarded a $289 million judgement against Monsanto) showed how the agency and Monsanto worked together to promote the claim that the chemical is safe. Just to make sure you didn’t miss this part: Monsanto and the agency mandated to monitor and regulate the use of its products worked together to conclude that the chemical Monsanto creates and sells is safe!
We find this extremely troubling because there is a clear conflict of interest with Monsanto benefiting from both the sale of the genetically modified seeds it creates to withstand herbicide use, while also profiting from selling its product Roundup (containing glyphosate) as the only viable herbicide option. All while Monsanto heavily lobbies and pressures the EPA to claim that the use of glyphosate is perfectly safe.
EWG has been urging the EPA to review all evidence linking glyphosate to increased cancer risk and other adverse health effects in human and animal studies. The EPA is yet to act.
Oatmeal and other oat-based foods are a healthy source of complex carbs, fiber and nutrients. Oat consumption is widely known to reduce cholesterol and decrease cardiovascular risk. At John’s Killer Protein®, we believe consumers should not have to wonder whether eating these heathy foods will also expose them to herbicide, pesticide or other harmful chemicals. That’s why we independently test our ingredients and only use certified GMO Free and Certified Organic Oats in our protein blends.
Bottom line is that glyphosate does not belong in our food supply. Instead of debating what levels are considered safe, what some arbitrary “part-per-billion” threshold should be considered safe or not, let’s focus on alternative farming methods that ensure we don’t poison our own food supply.
We believe The EPA should function as the independent oversight agency it is mandated to be, and limit (if not completely prohibit) the use of glyphosate on food crops, including pre-harvest application.
We encourage you to reach out to the Companies and brands you purchase. Whether it’s Quaker®, General Mills®, Bob’s Red Mill® or any other company. Call them, e-mail them. ask for complete transparency about what is and isn’t in the food they make and sell to you.
We’ve always believed in complete transparency, and that’s been at the root of our brand’s success. The John’s Killer Protein® “Beyond The Label” initiative is our attempt to share with you pertinent information about the foods we make and the foods you purchase from us. You deserve nothing less!


Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) is a public university near Nairobi, Kenya. It is situated in Juja, 36 kilometres northeast of Nairobi, along the Nairobi-Thika SuperHighway. It offers courses in Technology, Engineering, Science, Architecture and Building sciences. The university has a strong research interest in the areas of biotechnology and engineering. Notable former students include Aden Duale, the current Leader of Majority in the 11th Kenyan Parliament; Njoroge Kamau the founder of Ignite Kenya and Beyond; and Thuku Kamau, among others.
Download the Application Forms for the respective college/faculty/school/institute.
Application for Bridging
Diploma Information Science (Library) Application Form
Faculty of Agriculture Undergraduate Application Form
Faculty of Agriculture Application Form
CEP Application Form Undergraduate Form
COETEC Undergraduate Application Form
COHES Application Form
COHRED Undergraduate Applications Form
COPAS Application Form
County Governance and Kasneb Application Form
IBR Shortcourses Application Form
SABS Application Form
POSTGRADUATE Application Form


Self Storage for Gardening: Why You Need it this Spring
For some of us, the first question on our minds as warm weather approaches is, “When can I start gardening in the spring?” While the answer to that question depends on current weather conditions and the zone you live in, Storage of America has a few pieces of advice on how to make the most of your storage unit now that your spring gardening supplies are coming out of hiding.
Whether you need a makeshift shed for your apartment or need to swap out your landscaping supplies, Storage of America can help you get ready for spring at one our self storage locations across the Midwest. Just choose a facility near you to rent some more space today!
Why Off-Site Garden Tool Storage?
Space is at a premium in many households, and even for many lawn care businesses. Regardless of where you live or work, your spring storage needs may extend to outdoor spaces. Here are some situations that call for garden tool storage units:
- Lack of a storage shed
- An Overstuffed garage
- Small or no backyard
From container gardening on the patio or balcony to a full-fledged backyard garden, you need a space dedicated to your tools of the trade.
Using Self Storage for Organizing Gardening Equipment
If you fall into the category of those who have a shed, but don’t want it cluttered with items you don’t use, a storage unit can act as a small space to store seasonal supplies and items you won’t be using. Swap out your snow shovels for spades, trowels, water hoses, and more! Bring out your gardening supplies and lawn ornaments and store winter landscaping items like:
- Snow blowers – when storing snowblowers for winter be sure to empty any gasoline if yours is gas powered
- Snow shovels – store shovels in a plastic or metal trash bin in your storage unit to keep it off the floor
- Rakes: Provided that you were diligent with your leaf clean up in the fall, you should be in the clear to out your rake in storage with the rest of your winder lawn equipment. Create a nook for your potting bench
In addition to your winter supplies, your storage unit can also be used as a place to store any old planter pots that you don’t want cluttering your shed over spring. If you decide you need a few for some new plant additions, you can always swing by and pick them up!
Organize Your Garden Storage Unit Like a Shed
When it comes to organizing your storage unit-turned-garden shed, you’ll likely need a few organizational supplies to ensure that your unit is suitably divided based on the season. Supplies needed can include:
- Plastic bins
- Garden tool caddy
- Yard waste buckets or storage containers
- Racks or shelving that don’t require mounting
Store Your Gardening and Landscaping Tools at Storage of America
When you need an off-site location for your gardening tools in the winter and winter tools in spring, look no further than a self storage unit at Storage of America! With a variety of unit sizes and storage features available across the Midwest, we make it easy to rent flexible month-to-month storage whether you want to create an off-site gardening shed or want additional room for gardening tools and other household items that are cluttering your home.
Don’t let clutter keep you from getting down in the dirt. Rent a storage unit at a Storage of America location near you today!


Trees are important, to say the least. They have, and will continue to do so, provided numerous important resources and, consequently, industry to mankind everywhere. So it’s not surprising that a lot of foliage-based products and industries are thriving today. Perth tree services, for example, is quite notable today.
A good example of such plant-based profit is manuka honey, a highly demanded and highly valued product acquired from a New Zealand native species; the manuka or Leptospermum scoparium. The honey has myriad of uses ranging from simple sweetener to special supplement with some notable famous figures speaking highly of it. The honey is quite expensive, costing at least $40/kilo, with some more expensive batches going up to $100/kilo in price. As a result of its value, researchers in Australia have been looking at the possibility of having Australian tea tree species being used as a surrogate in producing the valued product.
However, a group in Perth believe that the best course of action was to simply create the product from the original source; the New Zealand manuka, by growing the plants in Australian soil. One of the group’s members, a businessman by the name of Paul Callander, imported from the northern isles of New Zealand, some manuka seeds to be grown in Western Australia.
The seeds are to be planted by Mr. Callander and his colleagues southwest of the state, in a nursery in Manjimup. Estimates state there are to be around 1 million trees, to be planted around June. Mr. Callander has pointed out the potential of a manuka industry in Western Australia, should the requirements necessary for the en-masse growing of the New Zealand native species be discovered.
The trials will be arduous, according to Mr. Callander. Who stated that there is a lot of work to be done with regards to this prospect. To that end he has partnered with universities, apiarists, and other experts to ensure the proper conditions for this daring venture. The process will, undoubtedly, require a considerable amount of time, but if done right, it will pay off in future dividends.
Mr. Callander, his colleagues and their partners, the apiarists especially, have expressed their enthusiasm for this project, but what of those that provide Perth tree services, and those that seek out manuka honey?


Best Grass Seed 2020
To Acquire a holistic SAMPLE of this report, Request Before Purchasing Report at (Use Company eMail ID to Get Higher Priority):https://market.us/report/grass-seed-market/request-sample This Evaluation Choose the right grass for your climate zone to ensure that it grows well in the temperatures in your area. Warm-season grasses grow best in areas that see hot to ensure faster seed germination. Q: Must we cover new grass seed with soil? — June and Dean Edmunds. A: Grass seed, especially Kentucky bluegrass that is a major ingredient in our lawn mixes, germinates best when exposed to light.
Summer Lawn Care products are up to 57% off TODAY with this Amazon Deal of the Day! You’ll find deals on spreaders, sprayers, sprinklers, grass seed, potting soil, plant food, herbs and more from top of grass seeds Grass seeds generally fall into two basic types: warm season and cool season. Warm-season grasses, such as Bermuda and St. Augustine, originated in the south and tend to grow better There aren’t too many grass types that thrive equally in sun or shade. These blends simply mix sunny types and shady types together in one bag. In sun, some of the seed thrives but the shady seed dies
Best Grass Seed 2020 – A warm-season grass seed, kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) is an aggressive turf grass native to East Africa that is grown in many areas of California. A perennial grass that does best in warm to Much of the Willamette Valley is used to grow grass seed, but not because it is the only thing the soil is good for. It just happens to be the best return on investment. Keep in mind they are growing Jan 31, 2019 (AB Digital via COMTEX) — Grass seed (forage seed) market is projected to display higher growth in the forecast period due to rise in demand for dairy products. Forage seeds are plant