Established in 1820, Compagnie de Mont Choisy Limitée is a leading real estate development company that has started as a small sugar estate and become a well-structured, planned and diversified organisation, offering its stakeholders the opportunity to enjoy the best that Mauritius has to offer.
Mild climate and abundant beauty
Mont Choisy was discovered in 1747 by a young French officer, Captain Jules Armand de Mont Choisy.
Compagnie de Mont Choisy was established 200 years ago and the first sugarcane plantations were introduced in 1820. Aloe vera was planted in 1875, to replace sugarcane that was lost due to the proliferation of diseases, as well as successive droughts which adversely affected crops.
Including the famous Austrian explorer Isa Pfeiffer, the French adventurer Joseph Lambert, and the French aviator Maurice Samat. The Plaine de Mont Choisy was also the place where horse racing meets were held in 1891. Now the gateway to the North, Mont Choisy leverages its glorious past and ancestral assets to transform into a world-class resort, all the while preserving its historical heritage and the natural surroundings.It has become a lifestyle destination with houses, villas and various leisure areas, at the heart of which stands a spectacular golf course.
Mont Choisy throughout the years
1820Beginning of activitiesCompagnie de Mont Choisy was launched to operate sugarcane plantations on part of the land.
1875Cultivation with aloe veraThe proliferation of diseases and a series of droughts led the Company to partly replace sugarcane cultivation with aloe vera. The leaves of this robust plant were used to make jute bags for transporting sugar.
1891Horse racingThe plain of Mont Choisy staged horse racing events.
1933First international flight between Mauritius and Reunion Island at Mont ChoisyThe Mont Choisy race track, which subsequently accommodated the country’s airfield – which was the landing site for the maiden international flight between Mauritius and Reunion Island – before it was transferred to Plaisance.
2009Mont Choisy Property Development is incorporatedDiversification of the Group’s activities to adjust to changes in the Mauritian economy and the emergence of new sectors. MC Property Development was incorporated and branched out into property development with the construction and marketing, a few years later, of luxury IRS villas and apartments.
2012Mont Choisy Le MallInauguration of Mont Choisy Le Mall.
2015Mont Choisy Smart CityInitiation of administrative procedures relating to Mont Choisy Smart City.
2015Mont Choisy Le ParcCommencement of construction of Mont Choisy Le Parc
2015GolfGround-breaking for the only championship golf courses in the North.
2016Establishment of Mont Choisy CSR LtdEstablishment of Mont Choisy CSR Ltd to manage the Group’s social and environmental projects.
2017Incorporation of Mont Choisy Smart CityLaying of the foundations for the Smart City project.
0 HECTARES (1 458 acres)
Constantine hunting grounds (Midlands)
0 HECTARES (500 acres)
Land in use
Currently under sugarcane cultivation
Parkland and others


We believe in stewardship of our land for future generations and that healthy animals
make for healthier people.
• We raise our cattle free of hormones and antibiotics.
• Our cattle are bred, born, and raised right here, on over 1,000 acres of blue grass & clover pasture.
• Our cows are truly 100% free range, never penned.
• We fence the water sources on our land.
• We use ecologically sound and sustainable farming techniques.
• We harvest our own organic hay, providing pure nutrients for our cattle year round.
• We believe that healthy animals make for healthier people.
• We believe free range, grass-fed cows produce leaner, more nutritional beef.
• We believe in stewardship of our land for future generations.
• Our free range policy allows natural fertilization of our land without the toxic chemical buildup and
disposal issues common on larger, commercial farms.
Tel: 540-687-9790 Fax: 540-687-9791 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
Mount Airy Farms © All rights reserved 2015-2018 | ADMIN


Lavender is one of the most popular scent flowers grown in the world. It’s unique scent, relatively easy growth, and lovely colors are all reasons they’ve become popular. Growing these plants is fun, easy, and rewarding.
GROWING CONDITIONS FOR LAVENDER
The two most important things for successfully growing lavender is soil drainage and acidity. Your soil should have plenty of drainage and be free of sogginess. Use compost or uneven soil additives to create air pockets and create a looser, more friable soil.
Soil pH is also very important. It should be balanced between 6.5 and 7.5. Too acidic and the lavender will look unhealthy, too alkaline and the plant will be undernourished.
BENEFITS OF PRUNING LAVENDER
The greatest reason to prune lavender is to create a stronger, healthier plant. It seems contradictory to cut back a plant in order to make it stronger, but cutting back the stems allows the plant to direct its energy towards stronger stems and more leaves, which means better use of the available resources for the plant.
Pruning also allows you the chance to control the plant’s size and general shape and it keeps new stems from crowding out older ones, causing them to yellow as they get blocked from the light. It keeps the stems from getting woody and increases the amount of flowering it will do, since flowers only appear on new growth.
HOW TO PRUNE LAVENDER
The best time to prune is early in the spring when the first new growth begins to appear. This shows that the plant is awakened from dormancy and ready for action.
Using sharp shears, cut the plant back about 1/3 (more or less, according to your size wishes for the plant). Remember that the plant will likely grow two to three feet during the season – depending on the length of the season, type of lavender, and other factors. Most plants can come close to doubling their size in one year if well nourished.
Cut carefully so as to make the cleanest cuts on the stems possible. This will give them the chance to grow back quickly.
A good pruning every year will make for a more beautiful plant with better flower and scent yields while giving you more control over the plant’s size and shape.
As stated, prune early in the spring. If new growth has already come in by several inches, you may need to wait until harvest or risk losing many of your flowers. Do not prune too late in the year or the plant may die through dehydration over the winter. It’s better to have an unwieldy plant for a year than it kill it through late pruning.


IRRI - Assistant Scientist - Gene Bank Field Operations
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is the world’s premier research organization dedicated to reducing poverty and hunger through rice science; improving the health and welfare of rice farmers and consumers; and protecting the rice-growing environment for future generations. IRRI is an independent, nonprofit, research and educational institute, founded in 1960 by the Ford and Rockefeller foundations with support from the Philippine government. The institute, headquartered in Los Baños, Philippines, has offices in 17 rice-growing countries in Asia and Africa, and over 1,000 staff.
Under the general direction of the Principal Scientist and Senior Associate Scientist, support the implementation of research activities related to the genetic conservation, particularly on field operations, characterization and seed multiplication/ regeneration.
This position will be based at the IRRI Headquarters, Los Banos, Laguna and may only be filled by permanent citizens of the Philippines.
Roles and Responsibilities
- Facilitate the planning, designing and field implementation of germplasm characterization and multiplication and other experiments to support IRRI’s genetic resources conservation research
- Evaluate and validate experimental data before uploading into the Genetic Resources Information Management System (GRIMS)
- Collaborate with internal and external TTC-GRC stakeholders to ensure smooth flow of knowledge and material transfer
- Work closely with IRRI service units to ensure timely supply of laboratory consumables and reagents as well as in the proper handling and maintenance of research areas and technical equipment
- Supervise, evaluate and provide recommendations to improve research activities/tasks performed by research technicians
- Accommodate students and visitors and facilitate laboratory tour discussions during field visits
- Perform data analysis using the most appropriate advanced statistical tool and summarize results
- Support the delivery of characterization and regeneration Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
- Contribute to the development of research proposals including review of related literature, selection of adequate research tools and equipment, verification of suggested methodologies and establishment of parameters for the monitoring and evaluation of project milestones
- Supervise and lead the maintenance of accurate data recording and update GRIMS for efficient storage and retrieval of genetic conservation research data
- Prepare training materials and act as resource person for trainings related to seed multiplication, characterization and other related topics
- Interpret results and contribute to the writing of manuscripts for reports/publications as well as presentations/posters for national and international conferences.
- Contribute to the development, updating of the needed documents for TTC GRC Risk Management and Quality Assurance.
- Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, Agronomy, Plant Breeding, Plant Genetic Resources, Seed Technology and/or 6 years of relevant work experience in Genetic Resources Conservation and Management or
- Masters in Agriculture, Agronomy, Plant Breeding, Plant Genetic Resources, Seed Technology and/or 2 years of relevant work experience in Genetic Resources Conservation and Management
- Proven technical proficiency in conducting research experiments
- Strong oral and written communication skills
- Good working relationship with external contractors and support services
- Strong analytical skills
- Experience with quality assurance
- Experience in research management
- Good presentation skills
- Excellent computer skills
- Able to work independently
- Experience in conducting rice research or production, particularly in genetic conservation and characterization
- Experience supervising or overseeing staff


Jiaxing, locating in the center of the Yangtze River Delta and the Hanzhou-jiaxing-huzhou Plain,the physical features are low and flat, situated at the intersection of rivers,sea and labes,has always been a rich and prosperous land and is long known as “Land of Fish and Rice, Place of Silk and Satin” (Yu Mi Zhi Xiang, Si Chou Zhi Fu). Under the jurisdiction of Jiaxing City there are two districts (Nanhu District and Xiuzhou District), three county-level cities (Pinghu City, Haining City and Tongxiang City) and two counties (Jiashan County and Haiyan County), including 53 towns and 17 subdistrict offices. It covers a land of 3,915 square km, and 212,400 ha of which is plowland. It has a population of 3.368 million and 78.07% of them are rural population.
Jiaxing, the geographical superiority is so obvious, its transportation is convient wich railroad, high ways and watercourcearses extending in all directions, and the one-hour traffic circle from Jiaxing to Shanghai, Hangzhou and Suzhou has been finalized. Location advantage and scientific developmental concepts have made Jiaxing into a representative of rich, harmonious and peaceful famous city in southern China. The GDP of 2007 is 158.52 billion yuan RMB and the urban per capita disposable income has reached 20128 yuan RMB, and increase of 18.8% and 12.9% over the previous year. All the counties and county-level cities are listed among the top 35 of the 100wealthy counties in China and all the counties, county-level cities, districts are listed among well-off counties in Zhejiang province. During the past few years, we adopted the concept of balancing urban and rural development to guide Jiaxing's overall economic and social development and promoted the integration of rural and urban areas and the construction of the socialist new countryside. The development of agricultural economic has achieved a relatively good achievement. In 2007, the gross agriculture output value hit 17.14 billion yuan RMB and the agriculture value-added of primary industry hit 10.02 billion yuan RMB. Farmer’s per capita net income hit 10163 yuan RMB, and ranked the NO.1 among Zhejiang province over the past four consecutive years.
Jiaxing, which has a long history of agriculture and abundant resource, has always been an important producing area of rice, oil plant, livestock, silk and fish in Zhejiang province. Recently, we funded the development of agriculture intensively supported and upgraded traditional agriculture, stabilized the cultivation of food crop and oil plant. This guarantees the food security efficiently (Table 1), and Jiaxing was awarded the "National advanced city of grain production in 2007" by the Ministry of Agriculture and is the only one city who owned the honour in the province. in 2007, the yield of meat, egg, milk, silk and aquatic products reached 368900, 86300, 12200, 41300, and 159900 t, respectively (Table 2).
|Cultivated area (Ha)
|Amount of livestock on hand
|Amount of livestock out hand
|Table 1 The cultivated area and yield of crop in Jiaxing
|Table 2 The amount of livestock on hand and out hand
In the new century, a special fascination is added into the agriculture of Jiaxing, with the implement of urband agriculture development plan, the main characteristics of modern urband agriculture are emerging step by step, which are ecologization of environment, industrialization of management, knowledgeization of farmers, intensification of elements of production, and diversity of function, about 17,333 ha crops are cultivated in greenhouse. More than 1000 agricultural enterprises and 271 farmer specialized cooperatives have been set up 279 agricultural standards have been maped out, more than 250 standardization bases have been constructed, 88nuisance-free bases have been certified at provincial level, 93 products and 191 agriculture products have been certified as Green Food and Organic Food respectively. 9 brands are certified as the Certification Mark of Origin. 52 agricultural products have received gold medals in various national- and provincial-level agricultural products exhibitions expositions in 2007.
When urban citizens are yearning for the fresh air and natural rural environment, Jiaxing grasps the pulse of the economic and social development closely. According to the strategy of “plan firstly, develop orderly”, Jiaxing makes full use of natural scenic spot resources, history and culture resources, agricultural resources that form the characteristics of a watery town in southern China and characteristic agricultural festivals, such as Nanhu Peach Blossom Festival, Jiashan Yellow Peach Festival, Pinghu Watermelon Festival, Tongxiang Chrysanthemum Festival to develop leisure and sightseeing agriculture. Jiaxing is a city honoured "national Tree Planting model city".leisure and sightseeing agriculture has undergone vigorous with 71 various leisure and sightseeing agriculture sites, which has invest 395million yuan RMB, built up, 2,893 ha, which has an annual reception of about 2.32 million tourists and more than 187 million yuan RMB income. The development of leisure and sightseeing agriculture, not only makes Jiaxing be worthy of the name “backyard of Shanghai”, but also broadens the agriculture functions, helps to break through bottle-neck of agriculture development, increases farmers’ income and flourish rural economy.
Under the background of economic globalization, electronic business, interlocking management and logistics distribution are becoming the new methods to promote the circulation of Jiaxing’s agricultural products to markets. Jiaxing, depending on the geographicl superiority and radiant effects of “Eastern Harbor”, has finished the conversion of agricultural products trade, which firstly from conventional bazaar to modern logistics by building up market, recommendation, information platforms for agricultural products. In 2007, 63 agricultural projects with contractual use of US$ 232 million of foreign capital and actual utilization of US$ 94.05 million were introduced, the export volume of agricultural products amounted to US$ 992 million. The turnover of agricultural product wholesale markets above designated size totaled 1.5 million tons, 23.8 billion yuan RMB. Among them, 12 wholesale markets’s turnover exceeded 100 million yuan RMB. These markets which are completely-functional, advanced-equipped, markedly-characterized and standard-managed have made Jiaxing be the agriculture products logistics center. Especially, the price index of fruits and silks in Jiaxing has become the weatherglass of the agriculture industry and even the whole national markets.
During the period of the “Eleventh Five-year Plan”, which aims at building a well-off society in an all-round way and accelerating the pace of socialist modernization, Jiaxing, as the forerunner of the integration of rural and urban areas in Zhejiang Province and even in China, is heading to the goal of realizing agricultural and rural modernization with vigorous strides. In the near future, a socialist new countryside of developing production, improving living standards, fostering more civil behavior, improving the overall cleanliness of village, and exercising democratic management, a strong economic municipality in the Yangtze River Delta, a new, coastal municipality along the Hangzhou Bay, a big cultural municipality in the south of the power reach of the Yangtze river, will lift in the south Wing of Shanghai.


Last week, I mentioned briefly the issues Lake Apopka faces. This week, I’d like to talk about the origins of these problems.
Lake Apopka has a long history of human habitation and use – probably as long as 10,000 years. Numerous artifacts, burial sites, and village plots have been discovered along the shores of the lake.
White settlers entered the area in the mid 19th century, farming along the southern shores. When citrus production came to the area, growers turned to the lake and its close proximity to the Harris Chain of Lakes as a solution to their transportation needs. Prior to 1880, Lake Apopka’s outflow was primarily through discharge via the Double Run Swamp, into the Harris Chain. This wasn’t suitable for steamboat navigation, and thus in 1880 the Apopka-Beauclair Canal was excavated, attempting to link the lake to Lake Beauclair through a 12-mile long canal.
This proved more difficult than initially thought, thanks to the area’s marshy soil. The canal wasn’t really passable until 1893, when it was completed by the Delta Canal Company. After completion, water levels in the lake lowered by three feet.
The water level of the lake would prove to be a sore issue over the next few decades for local growers. More water in the lake means more protection from the cold – the lake water holds heat, protecting the citrus groves from deep frost in the winter. Produce farmers on the north side wanted a navigable canal, but citrus growers on the southern shore feared the effect a deeper canal would have. Ultimately, though, a series of deep freezes would drive citrus production away from Central Florida.
Produce farming continued. In 1941, fearing food shortages from World War II, the decision was made by the state legislature to expand farming in the area. A semi-private organization was formed – the Zellwood Water Control and Drainage District. Based in Zellwood, on the northeastern side of the lake, this district had the authority to levy taxes over its members. These taxes were necessary to fund the maintenance and expansion of a massive engineering project: the formation of the muck farms.
Some 9,000 acres of muck land were reclaimed from underneath the lake, through the creation of a levee. This muck land, much like the famed Everglades muck, was valued for its fertility. This area, once wetlands that helped to filter the lakewater, became devoted to “truck farming”, commercial farms focused on exporting produce.
After the levee was completed, the muck land was now nearly two feet below the surface of the lake, requiring major pumping operations to keep dry. Additionally, the muck itself dries out, shrinking in size by an incredible amount. To fight this, the mucklands would be regularly flooded when not in use, keeping them wet for the next season’s growing. When it was time to farm again, this water would be pumped out – into Lake Apopka. Millions of gallons of water laden with fertilizer and pesticide was now being discharged into the lake yearly.
And remember that canal? Not only was this water polluting Lake Apopka – it was being carried into the Harris Chain of Lakes, and through those, into the St John’s River.
Here’s a photo I took of the last of the pump houses. This is the original structure, built in 1941, and it’s about two and a half stories tall. Today, its used by the St Johns River Water Management District, to keep the North Shore Restoration Area (post muck farm) flooded with water.
This link is to an item from the collection, a pamphlet describing the Zellwood District and its operations. It was written by Henry Swanson, an agricultural extension agent, who was heavily pro-agriculture. You can get an idea oved the kinds of criticisms being levied against the district, even as early as 1962, from Swanson’s rebuttals .


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In the morning, we brainstormed our favorite fruit or vegetables. As you can see, my current favorite vegetable is a beet. The kids each drew their own favorite, and I was excited to see that apple wasn't the only thing mentioned - many chose tomatoes, carrots, or oranges!
Then we made a list of things we know about farmers, and things we want to learn more about. We also listed some questions to ask Farmer Dennis. When he arrived, he started by showing us some pictures from the farm.
Then he passed around some really funky looking vegetables! I think our favorite was the jelly melon.
After answering our many questions, we posed for a picture and then Farmer Dennis headed back to the farm!
Afterward we had Mystery Bag Monday during science, and I used one of the green peppers that Ms. Breuer gave us from her farm. I told the kids it came from Farmer Dennis by mistake! I figure the lesson that it grows on a farm (and not in the grocery store) was passed on either way. :)
After we guessed what could be in the Mystery Bag, a green pepper was revealed, and we did a taste test! There were mixed results, with some really liking it and some not so much...
|It tasted crunchy
|It tasted bad :)


Guaranteed Weed Control Maintenance Services
- Benefits Include: Reduced fire hazard, increased vision safety and aesthetics, freedom of growth for desired vegetation, time and cost savings by avoiding weed eating and mowing, elimination of poisonous or irritating weeds, increased land value and use.
- Potential Areas Include: Fire breaks, fence lines, parking areas, road sides, in and around ornamental planted areas.
Some Types and Optional Timing of Weed Control Spray Services
- Winter Annual Weed Control: November through February. The spraying controls most winter annual weeds, which are those that germinate with the Fall rains, grow and set seed in Summer. These weeds grow most freely and widespread. Examples include foxtails, wild oats, fiddleneck, filaree, common groundsel and yellow star thistle. Rains following a Winter Annual Spray Job allow dead weeds to decompose (which gives you bare ground).
- Weed Control Maintenance Program: For ornamental landscaping areas, services are scheduled utilizing preemergent and/or post emergent herbicides. The program guarantees control of all weeds, “unwanted plants”, winter annuals, summer annuals, and perennials.
Cost of Service
Cost varies for type of service depending upon materials used, time needed and size of job. Please call for free estimate.


Growing Healthy Foods
Posted on November 13th, 2012
Gardening is a whole school program which assists in developing knowledge and skills about the different environments and ecosystems. The students enjoy assisting in the planting and nurturing of a range of vegetables, fruit, herbs and flowers.
Growing healthy foods is reliant on the composting stage of the recycling process. The stages of growing healthy foods are:-
Plant seeds or seedlings
Plants are nurtured and watered.
Vegetables are harvested and used for either cooking or are taken home by students.


Impact: Empowering women farmers in Ghana
Sarpei Kwadey is the Founder of Good Food Farms, an agribusiness company cultivating cassava plantations in the Central and Volta regions of Ghana. Good Food Farms is currently focused on the production of large-scale cassava farms and providing the missing links in the cassava production value chain. The 5-year old initiative, which started as a project, has been expanded to a company, which now cultivates over 250 acres of cassava, with the expectation of expanding to at least 100,000 hectares.
According to Sarpei Kwadey, the focus “is investing in women, supporting them to grow cassava and providing them with a market, which puts enough money in their pockets.” The income the women outgrower farmers make from this partnership goes a long way to support their families, especially in seeing their children through school.


In a 20,000-square-foot industrial warehouse in Hong Kong’s Tai Po district, Farm66 grows plants on stacked shelves under LED lights. Protected from pests and pollution, this indoor farm uses no soil and minimal water says Gordon Tam, co-founder and CEO of Farm66. What’s more, the controlled environment allows the company to direct the shape and size of the plants.
Now, Tam is looking to scale up production of his smart farming technology, as well as exploring ways to grow crops in extreme environments — including outer space.
A homegrown startup
Founded in 2013, Farm66 was an early pioneer in vertical farming.
In its patented aquaponics system, fish tanks are placed below shelves filled with leafy green herbs and vegetables. The plants filter water for the carp that live in the tanks, and the fish are fed leftovers — imperfect vegetables that can’t be sold. Fish waste provides natural fertilizer for the plants, differentiating Farm 66’s system from hydroponic systems, which typically use chemical fertilizers, says Tam.
Smart sensors monitor environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity, and the LEDs that illuminate the shelves use different light wavelengths to control plant growth.
“A blue light can increase the size of the leaf,” says Tam. “The red (light) makes the leaf smaller, but the stem will be taller.”
For some plants, like lettuce, a large leaf is desirable, whereas for tomatoes or strawberries, smaller leaves help direct more energy and nutrients into the fruit, says Tam. The company has experimented with different growing conditions to produce a variety of plant sizes — including a batch of basil with leaves so large they could cover a person’s face.
A growing opportunity
Hong Kong’s agriculture sector wasn’t always so small, says Lam Hon-ming, a professor of life sciences at The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
In the 1960s, over 25% of Hong Kong’s land was farmed for rice, fruit and vegetables, and until the 1970s, the territory produced around 50% of its own food, says Lam. But as the city grew, urban development displaced farmland, and low, seasonal income from farming further disincentivized local food production, he adds.
Indoor, vertical farms could solve these problems. By controlling the environment, farmers could grow plants more quickly and increase the number of harvests, says Lam.
From city limits to outer space
Farm66 is currently operating at less than 30% of its capacity, producing around two tons of vegetables a month, which it supplies to a handful of supermarkets and hotels, says Tam.
The high setup costs for indoor, vertical farms is still a barrier, he says, which makes turning a profit difficult. Tam declined to share the company’s revenue but said that less than a third comes from vegetable sales. Instead, the company is shifting its focus to research and innovation, and is developing ways to make indoor farming more affordable.
The company has developed prototype robots to help automate tasks like harvesting and planting, which Tam says will enter mass production later this year. By establishing partnerships with factories in Mainland China to manufacture the robots at scale, Tam believes he can cut costs for future urban farmers.
Other Farm66 innovations include mini farms for homes, schools and businesses, which have sensors to monitor and automate plant care.
Whether on Earth or in space, Tam hopes that indoor farming will flourish — and produce “high quality, safe vegetables for our next generation.”
Quoted from Various Sources
Published for: Mr Blow Up


Hours of Operation:
Seedlings is a farm to table restaurant at to The Children’s Museum of The Upstate featuring healthy, delicious, and locally sourced food items for children and families.
Seedlings works with local farmers to obtain over 80 percent of the restaurant’s ingredients, offering healthy menu items in a family-friendly atmosphere. Our menu is made up of popular items that kids love, and features organic foods, house-made sauces, local fruits and vegetables, and free-range meats. Guests can go beyond a typical eating experience to explore our hydroponics garden, see our chicken egg incubator, or enjoy our interactive events and seasonal tastings throughout the year!
Seedlings is reserved for museum paying guests and members only.
Each month, TCMU and Seedlings highlights a different farm or health-focused organization in the Seedlings Restaurant
Programs and interactives take place monthly in Seedlings! Children and families will have opportunities each month to meet the farmers who provide food to the restaurant and to participate in meaningful activities related to growing food and living healthy.
February 10th at 1:00 p.m. – 2:00 p.m.: Sharon Hill Farm a family-owned and operated farm by the Deckers in Sharon, SC and the Reinhardts in Rock Hill, SC. Their combined locations helped them name Sharon Hill Farm. They sell pasture-raised poultry. Antibiotic and hormone-free, their chickens are moved to fresh grass daily and have plenty of fresh air and sunshine!
Drop in between 1:00 p.m. and 2:00 p.m. to learn about incubating chicks and how this happens in Seedlings!
March 10th at 1:00 p.m. – 2:00 p.m.: That Garden Guy and Home Gardens: Located in Greenville, SC, That Garden Guy crafts beautiful and functional edible gardens and landscapes.
Drop in between 1:00 p.m. and 2:00 p.m. to learn about starting your own garden and get some special seeds to get started.
March 31st at 1:00 p.m. - 2:00 p.m.: Upstate Greens Tasting Sessions: Participate in a tasting session and learn uses for microgreens at home! Children will love learning about how microgreens grow, what they taste like, and how to use these in your healthy lifestyles. Drop in between 1:00 p.m. and 2:00 p.m. for this activity with Upstate Greens.
April 7th at 1:00 p.m. – 2:00 p.m.: Atlas Organics recycles food waste, turning it into a valuable soil amendment to promote sustainable agriculture and landscaping.
Drop in between 1:00 p.m. and 2:00 p.m. to meet some guests from Atlas Organics and to learn more about keeping our Earth cleaner through composting.
Child (ages 1-15): $9
Child Under 1: FREE
Seniors (+65): $9.50
300 College Street
Greenville, SC 29601


Reclamation projects may vary from site to site. Oftentimes, these programs require a custom design, while others require extensive dirt work to restore original contours. Soil amendments and prescribed seeding are also options that can be used to restore habitat to its native condition.
What is Reclamation?
Reclamation is the process of getting something useful from waste. This means that although something may be thought of as waste, it can be converted into something useful. One example of reclamation is when oil solids are recycled. Another example may be growing trees on the land that was previously heavily logged.
Purpose of Reclamation
The main purpose of reclamation is in the construction and maintenance of dams, canals, and pumping systems. They are used to bring irrigation water to arid, semiarid, or sub-humid lands.
Downsides of Reclamation
The only downside to land reclamation is that it can be expensive. This is because reclaimed soil is typically weak and compressible. It takes many years to stabilize. Despite this, it can be very effective for the environment and saving resources.
How Does Reclamation Help the Environment?
Essentially, reclamation is restoring the land. When you use reclamation services you allow the land to thrive. This also allows it to remain conducive to fertile soil and other areas of growth. By restoring the balance in the land, the ecosystem will thrive again.
Mineral extraction and reclamation processes also ensure the return of sustainable ecosystems to former degraded land. By revegetating mine spoils by tree cover, it can stabilize an ecosystem for a long time. This is due to the ameliorative effects on soil quality. It cannot only improve based on commercial values but also aesthetics.
Land Reclamation for Oil and Gas
When it comes to land reclamation in oil and gas, the land is reverted to be used for production back to its natural state. The land will then be restored to be a functional equivalent of what it was before development took place.
Typically, when energy projects are finished, the land is abandoned. This is when the reclamation work can begin. To return the land to a functionally equivalent state before development, reclamation begins.
Other Forms of Reclamation Services We Offer
- Water filtration filters
- Site construction
- Slop re-contouring
- Wood chipping
- Rock picking
- Hay buster
- Tree planting
- Pad and road repair
- Spill clean-up
- Oil and saltwater remediation
- Contaminated soil and snow removal
Once Your Project is Complete
Once your reclamation project is complete, we will ensure that your land is put back to its original state. Our services provide you with one point-of-accountability. Along with records, we provide everything you need to stay compliant.
For All Your Reclamation Needs
Regardless of the services you need, we offer a variety of Reclamation Services. Our team has the expertise to ensure professional planning, as well as execution and monitoring.
Contact us before you begin your next construction project. Not only can we provide a true analysis of the vegetation, but also the soil and climate.


Tonight I was in a fresh food whirlwind. I cut up multiple fruits for a fruit salad (apple, cantaloupe, kiwi, peaches, strawberry, blueberry), then prepared steak and zucchini on the grill, and finally prepared a salad (romaine, carrots, celery, red pepper…forgot the red onion Jack asked for).
So, naturally I had a big mixing bowl on the counter filled with peels, veggie clippings and seeds from various fruits. A scrap bowl like you see on TV when you watch any major cooking show.
A scrap bowl is easy to clean up and doesn’t require multiple trips to the garbage. We don’t have a garbage disposal.
Then I remembered reading in “A Barn in New England: Making a Home on Three Acres”, that the author, Joseph Monninger, described how to make a compost bin using wooden pallets. Hmmmmm… We have old wooden pallets at work. Maybe they would let me take four of them?
Jack: This cantaloupe is GOOD!
me: Oh good, I couldn’t tell if it was dried out… it was hard to cut. Guess what I’m going to do with all the peels? (I waved my hand over the bowl of fruit and veggie scraps).
me: Compost. I’m going to put a bin way in the back at the edge of the yard and we can throw all this into a pile and start to compost.
Jack: Hahahaha you know now you’re really old. Only really old people care about composting! Hahaha!
me: Noooo, that’s not true. People who care about the earth compost. And you’ll be the one that has to carry the scraps to the bin each night. (I remember the part in the book where the author’s son has that chore delegated to him. I liked it.)
Jack: Do you know how bad that’s gonna smell?
me: After awhile the bottom of the bin will turn out rich soil for planting or whatever.
Jack: I know how it works, Mom. And, we don’t plant anything anymore.
me: You’re still doing it.
Jack: You’re still old.


Ladies and Gentlemen,
Please allow me to express my appreciation for the event and my gratitude toward Minster Glamoçiç for hosting the 7th annual Ministers meeting and for the great Serbia hospitability.
lso, I praise the staff of SWG for contributing in organizing this event which as always gives an excellent opportunity of sharing experience which Increase substantially the benefits regional development.
The Albanian Agriculture continues to be one of the main sectors of the economy, generating about 17.7 % of GDP and providing employment for around 55% of the total employed. In this context, the Rural Development policies offer a reliable tool in reducing poverty. The GDP of Albania increased at a relatively strong and stable annual rate of about 4 % in the recent years. The inflation rate remained stable at around 3% for the whole period. The European Union is by far the most important trading partner of Albania. In 2012, the EU accounted for 68% of exports and 52% of imports of the total Albanian foreign trade volume. As for regional trade, agriculture and livestock exports to account for 21 % during the year 2012 and imports with the regional countries are 13.7 % in the year 2012.
The most predominant problems of the Albanian Agriculture sector are: The agriculture land is very fragmented and far from being consolidated (average of 1.2 ha - compared to 23 ha in EU-25); the small size of farms and agro-processing enterprises makes it difficult to introduce modern technology in agro-processing
The way we are dealing with the above challenges is what we worth consider to exchange ideas and build bridges with our neighbors and regional partners. Therefore, the Albanian government is committed to continue actively participate in the EU cooperation policy, by promoting sustainable development in the cross-border area. The development of agriculture in the context of the European Integration makes us interested to each-others development activities.
With the long term vision to EU membership and the efforts made so far for responding to the criteria for receiving the status of a Candidate Country, we are very pleased that Albania has now very close to obtain the status of candidate country.
We are aware that much still need to be done before we are ready for membership, but this decision is an important step on the way.
The Albanian Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and water Administration begins the ambitious and challenging work on elaborating a rural development policy for Albania with the preparation of the t Rural Development Programme under IPARD 2(2014-2020). We have designated the institutions required. The Managing Authority (Rural Development Policies Department) within the MARDWA has been designated to be responsible for preparation and monitoring of the IPARD program. The Agency for Agricultural and Rural Development (ARDA, also called the paying agency) has been established to implement the support measures in the agricultural, food and rural development sector. It has also been designated as the future IPARD agency in charge of implementation of pre-accession and post accession measures.
The establishment of such policies and institutions, together with the approximation of the legislation with the EU, does not necessarily mean that we can proclaim a “success story”, but it constitutes the basis of a historical process for our country and for developing in the agricultural sector and rural areas.
The enlargement context requires collaboration and guidance among us. As most of our countries are in different stages of the accession process, it is important to learn from each other and tries to avoid repeating mistakes of each other and engage in a constructive and precious exchange experiences.
Albania continues to play a constructive role in maintaining regional stability and fostering good neighborly relations with other Western Balkan and EU countries. As far as the regional cooperation is concerned in South Eastern Europe in the field of agriculture and rural development, the Republic of Albania is strongly committed to continue its active role and participate in all the activities which are strengthening the regional cooperation.
The Albanian Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Water Administration is one of the founders of the SWG RRD as a regional initiative. We support the activities for regional cooperation initiated by the SWG. However we think that over the coming years we could have a mutual interest in developing a more consistent exchange of experience in the process of EU integration. This could include cooperation in other sub-sectors such as food safety, or other fields which are of high relevance to the Ministries of Agriculture of South Eastern Europe.
We have followed with interest the activities of the SWG, supported by the EC, to support local development in cross border areas through the implementation of area based development programmes in selected areas in the region. I am particularly pleased to see that the selected areas also include Albanian municipalities in the Shara Mountain and Prespa lake regions.
I would like to confirm that we will actively support these initiatives, politically and financially within our means, to facilitate to successful implementation of these programmes to the benefit of the rural population in these areas.
© Ministria e Bujqësisë, Zhvillimit Rural dhe Administrimit të Ujërave 2017 - Të gjitha të drejtat e rezervuara.


April 6-9 -4-Day Permaculture Design Intensive at the Live Oak Campground Before Lucidity Festival with Erik Hjermstad, Ryan Rising, Ray Cirino, Loren Luyendyk, and /Art Ludwig Attendance is limited to 35 students! Secure your ticket today!
http://2015.lucidityfestival.com/permaculture/?mc_cid=5f91246343&mc_eid=17cfeebb09 Permaculture Action Course
Join us at the Live Oak Campground Before Lucidity Festival for a 4-Day Permaculture Design Intensive
followed by a Permaculture Action Day with The Polish Ambassador, and stay to celebrate your up-leveled earth stewardship at the festival.
The course will include three days of full-on permaculture education and community building, including:
permaculture design process
rainwater harvesting and earthworks (w. Art Ludwig!)
introduction to permaculture
natural building and appropriate technology
regenerative tools and techniques
permaculture gardening and food forestry
applying ecological principles
community organizing methods
soils and composting
Erik Hjermstad is an ecological designer and permaculture practitioner from San Diego. His longtime experience in media and manufacturing now serves his passion for regenerative agriculture here in southern California. He is the creator of Cobfest, a barn-raising turned micro-festival that now serves as a prototype for open-source gathering platforms to effectively regenerate the world around us while having healthy fun with our friends.
Erik understands that to solve the ecological challenges facing our culture, we must cultivate powerful social collaborations to effectively aggregate our human resources into regenerative solutions.
Ryan Rising is a community organizer and permaculture educator based out of the San Francisco Bay Area who most recently organized and facilitated the Permaculture Action Tour with music producer The Polish Ambassador in the fall of 2014. Ryan focuses on creating community access to land for local food growing and regenerative living – connecting people to take action and transition to a resilient way of life.
Ryan has taught numerous courses and workshops, including the Elemental Alchemy Permaculture Intensive before Symbiosis Gathering in 2013 and a month-long Gaia Education certified Eco-Village Design training this past winter in Nicaragua. A certified permaculture designer with a degree in Peace and Social Justice Studies, he also co-founded a regenerative, productive urban farm in the east bay and now organizes with the Omni Commons – a community organizing space and education center in Oakland, CA.
Ray Cirino is a natural builder and permaculture artisan who was awarded in 2012 with the City of Los Angeles Certificate of Commendation for his creative contributions and community organizations. Especially interested in the patterns of nature and architecture, he holds an architectural degree at Miami-Dade Architecture school and a diploma from the North American School of Natural Building.
Ray founded two Water Woman festivals based on permaculture techniques and sustainable art and has been studying and practicing permaculture for 15 years. His 20’ Water Woman sculpture was featured in Smithsonian Magazine in 1999. He continues as a top innovator in energy, agriculture, water, and shelter systems, turning the great challenges we now face as a species into opportunities for Ecological, Psychological, and Spiritual Sustainability.
Loren Luyendyk is a Certified Teacher of Permaculture, with over 15 years of practical experience in Permaculture Design, ecological farming, sustainability, and horticulture. He has a degree in Botany from UC Santa Barbara, and is a Certified Arborist and Master Gardener. He has experience with Keyline Design, Holistic Management, Natural Building, Biodynamic Farming, and The Soil Foodweb. His teaching has taken him across the globe, where he has spent extensive amounts of time sharing and learning with local cultures in the United States, Central America, New Zealand, and Australia.
He is the owner of Santa Barbara Organics (www.sborganics.com), a permaculture design and land management business through which he designs and installs permaculture systems for residential and farm lands. Loren, also started the Global Permaculture Design Group (www.globalpermaculture.com), and is the founder of the non-profit organization Surfers Without Borders (www.surferswithoutborders.org). Loren is inspired by nature, and works to regenerate the earth while providing for our needs and creating community.
Art Ludwig is the author of Water Storage and Create an Oasis with Greywater, two books that can be found on most any permaculture designer’s bookshelf. Art Ludwig is an ecological systems designer with 28 years full-time experience in water, wastewater systems, energy, shelter and human powered transport. His specialty is complex, integrated “systems of systems.” Art has studied and worked in 22 different countries, consulted for the states of New York and New Mexico on water reuse policy, and given dozens of lectures and workshops.
He designed his own education in Ecological Systems Design, graduating from UC Berkeley. At Berkeley, he developed the first cleaners specifically designed to be biocompatible with plants and soil, and founded a successful business to manufacture and distribute them.
Art currently lives with his family near Santa Barbara, surrounded by over 20 different kinds of fruit trees.
Attendance is limited to 35 students! Secure your ticket today!
OPTION 1 ) Ticket includes:
A three day permaculture intensive course followed by a Permaculture Action Day in the community of Santa Barbara Festival Early Arrival Access (with first choice of camping for the whole week) Lucidity Festival Ticket
Three organic meals per day Monday through Thursday with option to opt in for Friday-Sunday (additional $75 for fri-sun meals) On-site camping
$624 Package Price
Limited tickets available


I spent a lot of time this year in my garden. Gardens are wonderful. One especially wonderful part is making money off them by selling vegetables to your mother. This is when having numerous voracious brothers pays off: The more they eat, the more I sell. We are currently working on the 18 pounds of garlic which were harvested last fall and also thirty sugar pie pumpkins.
I love growing herbs even more than pumpkins. Sadly, there was not enough room in my garden to grow many, but I was able to borrow some of Dad's garden for most of them. I raided neighbor's gardens for some more and ended up with 57 of my favorite herbs!


In terms of sustainability, the Dutch fruit and vegetable sector is an international leader.
In which aspects is the sector different from other countries in this regard? What does that mean in terms of international trade opportunities? And how does the EU Trade Programme help growers exploit these opportunities? The seminar 'Dutch ambitions to make the international fresh produce chain more sustainable' organised by GroentenFruit Huis and the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) will be discussing these points at Fruit Logistica 2023.
Date and time
Wednesday 8 February
16.30 - 17.30
Fruit Logistica Berlin
RVO Lounge, Hal 3.2 Stand C-33
16.30 Welcome by Jack Vera, Dutch Agricultural Council in Germany
16.40 Daphne ter Braak, Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)
The EU Trade Programme helps Dutch businesses expand their sales markets
16.50 Nikki Hulzebos, GroentenFruit Huis
The Netherlands as a pioneer in sustainability: opportunities for cooperation with other European partners
17.10 Fres Lessing, Fresh Rail
How is the chain cooperation with COOP supermarkets boosting sustainable transport to Scandinavia?
17.30 Networking drink
Click here to sign up for the seminar at the Fruit Logistica.


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|App Name:||Hay Day||Updated:||July 27, 2020|
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Play Store ID: Google Play Store
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Today I have been potting up some of the seedlings from the seeds sown a month ago (in the green trays). The seedlings all had their first set of 'real' leaves but I wasn't expecting the good root growth they had all made. I keep all my seedlings off the ground because of the slugs.
The cutting garden is slowing down. The Larkspur have finished, the Clary are nearly done. I am leaving the Nigella so that I can have seed pods.
|A dark scabious self-sown in the brick path with Aster frikartti 'Monch' in the background|
A job for the coming week will be to dig out all the forget-me-not and stipa tenuissima seedlings from the brick path and plant them in the borders. I will also be dividing plants to take to the environmental centre.
Incidentally, one of the plants I bought at the show is a chocolate mint. It smells like those peppermint creams that are covered in chocolate.


Teachers, students, contractors and gardeners of the Cherry Hill School District met to discuss the future of East’s greenhouse today in room C110 after school.
After the school was granted $5,000 from the RecylceBank by point donations from community members, plans to reconstruct the greenhouse have been put into effect in order to begin planting and growing seeds this upcoming spring. Mrs. Erica DeMichele along with other teachers wrote the grant for this project for the RecycleBank Green Schools program. In addition to the greenhouse, an organic garden will also be growing in the courtyard in between B wing and C wing with the help of the new composter. Students in the Environmental Studies classes have already begun bringing in food scraps to contribute to the composter. With help from students, landscapers, gardeners and other volunteers throughout the community, the garden will soon become a reality.
The Kresson Road Ecology Site, Center for Transformation, STEP, Sustainable Cherry Hill, RuCraft Designs and the Griffen Greenhouse & Nursery Supply Construction Department as well as East’s Sustainable Cherry Hill East club and the Environmental Club are just a few of the organizations throughout the community who are volunteering their time, effort and resources to improve the Cherry Hill East greenhouse in any way they can. East will be gaining compost, seedlings and tools for the garden as well as manpower to get it started.
The main goal of the greenhouse and garden is to educate the students about sustainability by utilizing hands-on experience with gardening. “Sometimes we can lose sight of the goal, but ultimately it’s for the students,” Mrs. Erica DeMichele said.
There is talk that working in the greenhouse will be incorporated into the curriculum of the Environmental Studies’ classes but most of the work will need to come from volunteers who can participate after school and on weekends.
If anyone is interested in volunteering or donating materials of any kind, please contact Erica DeMichele at [email protected]


I’m a newbee here in SW Lower Michigan. Waiting for the grow season to begin. Trying to absorb as much knowledge as I can. I understand the importance of pH in soil and water. I will be growing outdoors in 5 gal cloth pots, autoflowers. Will be using Happy Frog soil and a autoflower super soil additive. I do not understand the TDS and PPM side of this. Is there a good and bad. If so, what to do. Thanks for all your help.
@bep welcome to the forum.
Total dissolved solids is what it stands for and parts per million. Both are a similar form of measurement, with different words. This is a measurement of how much nutrients is in your solution.
PH is important to keep in range for proper nutrient uptake. 6.2-6.5 for soil.
SW area is beautiful.
Absolutely there is a good and bad. I believe pH for soil is 6.2-6.5, I’m not sure, I’m in hydro. Regardless, each has an optimum pH range. If your pH is NOT in range, your plants can’t absorb your nutrients. If not corrected, they will die. There isn’t a SET number for TDS, just recommendations. Some strains require more than others. pH is pretty much a SET number. Hope this makes sense
Growing outdoors is a different animal. You can’t adjust pH of rain water, and PPM for outdoors pretty useless. pH and PPM much more relevant in an indoor grow.
I grew a ILGM White Widow outdoors last summer. I used tap water when I gave the plant nutrients, but was pretty spotty with the care of it. (Left it to fend for itself for the most part). The reason it was outdoors at all is because I thought the seedling wasn’t going to make it and it surprised me. I already had a replacement plant for indoor grow so outside it went.
Pay attention to the rain and water if the plant isn’t getting enough. Read up on outdoor pest and wathc for bud rot. It will be ok
You can also Google for sunrise/sunset times in SW MI which will tell you when daylight will trigger flower. (Harvest in Oct. in SW MI for most).
By the way, you will want to do a hydrogen peroxide wash when you harvest. Check YouTube for directions. This removes dust, insect/insect droppings and ect.
Yeah, I didn’t pick up on the part about it being outdoors. Even outdoors, pH is significant. Your soil may be fine. In my area, the soil is very acidic and requires lime, but it’s nothing like indoors. I grew some outside one time about 30yrs ago. Used tap water and Miracle Grow. Didn’t have a clue what pH and TDS we’re. They did alright. Probably could have done a lot better
I should have mentioned I am in SW Michigan also.
OK. I understand the pH. The TDS is what’s throwing me.The TDS range is what. My city water here is about
155 PPM. Is that good or bad. I also have a hose water filter I was going to use to remove come of the chlorine and the clean some of the contaminates from the water. I also know that leaving the water in a container for 24 hours will remove the chlorine. Should I not use the filter to remove some of the contaminates and just pH the water and use as is? Thanks
I use a water dechlorinator, but I’m inside. The best advice I can give you is “listen to your plants”. I always start with 1/4 strength of manufacturer’s recommendation and go from there. It’s much different growing outside I know, so let’s ask @FloridaSon and @Big123
It’s actually 6.2-6.8, with 6.5 considered the sweet spot.
Your water being 155PPM has very little dissolved solids and practically no buffering capacity for pH so I would use the water straight out of the tap. If you add nutes you need to verify the pH.
hey @BEP welcome to the forums from another michigander… coldwater area. i think you will do great with your autos growing outdoors here. I believe that is the best use of strategy for doing autos. i grow indoors but am real interested in seeing how outdoors works for our neighborhood. lots of great help on here so don’t be afraid to ask. most of us started where u are at. good luck on your grow!
oops also, if you put an @ in front of a name it highlights it and lets them know about it @BEP
Hi, I’m in central Wisconsin. Greenhouse w/ plants in ground. Live on an abandoned farm. Found bulldozed pile from barnyard (50 yrs. old).I dig 5 gal.x8 per yr. Use for potting & building soil in greenhouse that and Miracle Grow.My 4th yr now. They get @ 11ft in 8.5 ceiling!


A large number of bees are dying world wide due to pesticide pollution and global warming. The dying of bees is a very bad news for thousands of plant species. And it is not only bees, but other insects that are dying as well. The death of bees is making news because they are used on a large scale in commercial honey production and commercial pollination. And what does the death of bees mean? It means, not just the shortage of honey, but scarcity of food in general. How? Read on.
“IF BEES DON’T BUZZ, WE HUMANS WILL FIZZ” – GURUDEV
Pollination by insects = reproduction in seed plants
Flowers bloom in plants so that insects like bees can sit on them to drink nectar. In this process, the pollen of the flowers gets attached to their legs, mouth parts, hair, and other body parts. When insects visit other plants, these pollen are carried with them to flowers of other plants, where they help in pollination. This enables the plants to produce seeds and reproduce.
A large number of insects, including bees, butterflies, moths, etc help thousands of species of plants to pollinate and reproduce. Without pollination by insects, a large variety of plant species will die and become extinct.
It is not only Honey bees, but other bees like Bumblebees, Solitary bees, Stingless bees, Carpenter bees, Orchard bees, Squash bees, that act as natural pollinators of these plants. Bees pollinate the seeds of a wide variety of plant species that include but are not limited to the list mentioned below.
There are more than 20,000 bee species, and many of them are specialized pollinators. In other words, many bee species prefer flowers from a single plant species. Without these bee species, those specific plant types will be completely wiped out.
An incomplete list of Plants pollinated by bees
- Nuts like Cashew, Almond, Brazil nut, Chestnut
- Vegetables like Beet, Onion, Potato, Cucumber, Tomato, Eggplant (Brinjal), Broad bean, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Turnip, Pumpkin, Cucumber, Squash, Zucchini, Gourd, Carrot, Okra (ladies’ fingers) etc
- fruits like Apple, Mango, Pear, Guava, Peach, Grape, Papaya, Starfruit, Jujube, Black currant, Red currant, Jujube, Litchi, Passion fruit, Avocado, Apricot, Sweet Cherry, Sour Cherry, Melon, Watermelon, Kiwi fruit, etc
- Peppers like Chilli pepper, Red pepper, Bell pepper, Green pepper
- all berries like Blackberry, Raspberry, Blueberry, Cranberry, Strawberry, Rowanberry, Elderberry, Boysenberry etc
- Cotton, Tamarind, Cow pea, Mustard, Sesame, Coconut, Coriander, Coffee, Cardamom, Lime, Lemon, Fennel, Buckwheat, Flax, all variety of beans, etc
Of these, some plant species like Melon, Watermelon, Squash, Pumpkin, Gourd, Zucchini, Kiwi fruit, Brazil nut, Passion Fruit, etc will be completely wiped out and become extinct without bees to pollinate them. Other plants like Apple, Mango, Avocado, Buckwheat, Apricot, Peach, Almond, Pear, Cherries, Plums, Cashew nuts, Berries, Turnip, Coriander, Cucumber, Cardamom, etc will be almost wiped out without bees pollinating them.
Why are honey bees dying in large numbers?
The first point to be noted here is that, the huge number of bees dying was reported in commercial bee colonies. If this is the case with protected bees under human guard, imagine the fate of wild bees! And imagine, how many other insects have been dying?
The rate of death of commercial bee colonies has been ever increasing. The tolerable rate of death to keep these colonies commercially viable is around 15% per year. But the actual rate of death has been increasing from 30% some 10 years ago, to around 40% last year! In the US, more than 40% commercial honey bees died last year!
The death of bees became so high, that in 2006, a new term Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) was coined for this phenomenon. This happens when a lot of worker bees in the colony disappear or die, leaving the queen and nurse bees behind, eventually leading to the death of the entire colony. And the honey bee colonies are dying not only in US, but in continents across the globe.
Pesticides – The bee poison
The major reason for the death of bees is the mindless use of pesticides. Pesticides are poisonous to humans, who are so large in size compared to a tiny insect like bee. So, while for humans, it takes few years of consumption of pesticide laden food to become ill, the tiny bees die almost instantly due to pesticide poisoning.
The huge amount of pesticides sprayed on crops enter their body when they drink nectar from the flowers of such crops. And that nectar becomes the poison that kills them. And remember, the honey you drink may also be filled with these pesticides, in addition to the possibility of it already being adulterated with cheap sugar syrup.
According to one survey, nearly 2/3rd of bee colonies in US and Canada had pesticides in their bees. A group of pesticides called Neonicotinoid, that are extensively used on vast majority of fruits and vegetables world wide, impairs their ability to navigate.
In other words, bees that drink nectar from flowers of crops sprayed with Neonicotinoid do not come back to their hives and eventually die. As the name suggests, these pesticides are neuro active (impact brains) similar to nicotine in cigarettes. Neonicotinoids have been banned in the European Union, but not yet in the US! These pesticides are 5000 to 10,000 times more toxic than DDT to bees!
Apart from this,pesticides also weaken the guts of bees making them more susceptible to pathogens like Nosema that kill them, destroying entire colonies of bees. In reality, these pesticides should be totally banned from being used. They even enter human body through honey, and through the fruits and vegetables whose crops were sprayed with pesticides.
Global Warming – The bee killer
You may be wondering, how global warming can kill bees. The average temperature during a month is increasing every year due to global warming. So, trees and plants that should be flowering in spring, flower before spring! You might have observed seasons shifting due to global warming.
So, when bees hatch during the actual spring season, the flowers are already gone! There is not enough food available. So while the plants lose an opportunity to get pollinated, the bees don’t get enough food. Both, the plants and bees lose due to global warming induced early spring season.
The bees born during food shortage are weak, have little immunity and more prone to diseases. In other words, the baby bees are suffering malnutrition caused by lack of food due to global warming.
In fact, the greatest amount of honey bee colony collapse in the past few decades has been in North America and Europe. These are the regions where the pesticide use has been huge. These are also the regions where the average cold temperature due to its polar proximity is turning hotter and hotter every passing year.
It was observed that bees in warmer temperatures are being born with smaller body and lower body fat. This was due to increased metabolic rates caused by global warming. This in turn means these bees are less energetic, are weak, and have less chances of surviving. For insects, body size is a big deal. If they are big, it means they have good energy reserves, and helps lot in their long flights as well as staying strong.
Loss of Habitat – bees die homeless
Another reason is that, as the weather is becoming more and more warm, animals and insects and bird species that cannot tolerate warm weather are migrating closer to the pole. They are moving away from the equator where the weather is hot, towards poles where the weather is relatively cool. But bees do not do that. Probably because there simply aren’t enough flowering plants near the poles to feed them.
So on one hand, colony loss due to global warming is causing the south most boundary of bee habitat to move upwards. On the other hand, the north most boundary of bee habitat remains unchanged. So overall there is a net loss of habitat and shrinking of geographical boundaries. So bees are left with smaller and smaller geographical territory every passing year.
Junk food fed to bees – The bee obesity
Most of the commercial bee colonies do not find enough flowers to feed them. For a bee colony to thrive, it is equally important to have access to a large number of and preferably a wide variety of nectar bearing flowers, crops. In the wild, this is not a problem for bees.
But in commercial bee colonies, there is a scarcity of healthy diet for bees. So many commercial bee keepers, in an urge to keep the colonies alive somehow and to produce more honey, feed these bees with sugar syrup and corn syrup. The pollen in the nectar they drink gives them protein, lipids, vitamins and minerals. This gives them essential nutrients and hence increases their resistance and immunity power, similar to how eating fruits and vegetables boosts human health.
But, with no flowers to feed around, the commercial bee colonies end up feeding on junk food like sugar syrup and become weak, prone to diseases and die. Neither is the honey they produce of a healthy quality. It is junk in the name of honey that is sold to humans.
Why should the death of bee colonies worry us?
The very first reason that should worry us is, we are causing another co-species on this planet become extinct because of the human greed. Bees, like any other species on this planet, are our co-species and have all rights on the resource of this planet as we do.
But our mindless use of pesticides, and the rising temperature due to global warming is killing these bees. Shouldn’t that in itself be the right reason to worry? If not, here is another reason.
The death of bees will cause humans to starve to death
The death of bees means acute shortage of food for humans. Of the top 100 food crops that are used to feed humans, 75% are pollinated by bees. So 1/3 of every bite of food we eat is, thanks to pollination by bees. Imagine the amount of food scarcity that will be created if bees become extinct. The death of bees is a great threat to global agriculture. For instance, the almond orchards of California need around 1.6 million bee colonies to pollinate the Almond trees, and without bees we might as well forget these almonds.
In the US alone, in the year 2000, the total crop value of crops exclusively pollinated by bees was $15 billion! Worldwide, over $200 billion worth of crops are pollinated only by honey bees, and this is only commercial crop, not the crops grown in the wild. Commercial honey bee colonies are rented every year across the farms worldwide during the pollination season of commercial agricultural crops.
Of course crops like rice, wheat, corn etc do not need bees or other insects as they are self pollinated or wind pollinated. But, imagine not having a wide variety of nuts, fruits and vegetables. Over 10% of major agricultural crops would be completely lost without honey bees.
If bees die, then humans will end up eating more junk food. And there will be lot less variety in human food. And of course, food shortage as well. Then imagine all the related job loss, for instance in the huge California Almond industry which cannot survive without bees.
How to save the bees and other similar insects?
At a global level, we need to turn to organic farming, stop using pesticides and other chemicals that are killing millions of insects worldwide. This has to come via administrative orders to ensure compliance. All kind of pesticides, chemicals, synthetic stuff used in farming have to be banned. They kill a lot of helpful bacteria and insects as well.
Instead use natural pesticides like neem, buttermilk, cow urine, etc. Instead of artificial manure, have earth worms in farming lands, and use organic waste, dried old leaves etc as natural manure. Encourage farmers to shift to organic farming.
At a personal level, you can help bees and other insects by
- developing pollinator friendly gardens in your backyard. Grow a wide variety of flowering plants so that you have flowers throughout the year.
- having window planters with flowering plants would help bees and butterflies
- avoid growing hybrid flowers that look good but are not good in pollen and nectar production
- buy pesticide free organic fruits, vegetables and other stuff. This helps both insects and also your own health.
- allow caterpillars even if they eat some of your plants. They eventually become colorful butterflies and help pollination of the very same plants.
- have plenty of earthworms in your soil. They keep soil nutritious for plants, which is good for bees and other insects.
Remember, No bees = No food


From Seed to Jack-O’-Lantern Johnson 1974 Submitter: Here’s one that I recently found and weeded in our collection—2 copies, no less (and both had circulated recently)!! Mainly, the photos are so dated and all in black and white—the information isn’t
The Pineapple-Top Grower’s Handbook Kramer 1979 Submitter: Yes, it’s an entire book on how to grow a pineapple top. Was that hard to do in 1979? Holly: Maybe this was a revolutionary idea to home gardeners in 1979. They didn’t
The Humanure Handbook Jenkins 2nd edition (Yep, so good they wrote it twice.) 1999 Submitter: A patron returned this book the other day and I happened to glance at it as I took it to the cart to be reshelved.
Make Friends with Your Fruit Trees Baker 1973 Submitter: I just found another awful book for your page, this one is the PITS!! Well, it’s about fruit trees so “the pits” is probably a great way to refer to it…