For a long time scientists believed that rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere responsible for global warming would likely offset the damage done to crops by rising temperatures. As everyone knows, photosynthesis in plants converts carbon dioxide from the air into carbon compounds for the plants and oxygen which is released to the atmosphere. Extra carbon dioxide ought to do plants some good, scientist surmised.
Now, actual open field experiments which added carbon dioxide and the expected ozone levels from increased smog show dramatic reductions in yields. This is extremely bad news, especially for countries such as India and China.
(Comments are open to all. See the list of environmental blogs on my sidebar.)


What is Flail Mover?
Flail mowers are useful for tough jobs, such as cutting grass on uneven ground, cutting high grass, weeds and even brush or mowing in areas that have debris and rocks. A flail mower does not throw grass; instead it cuts grass finely, almost pulverizing it, and leaves the cuttings on the ground. The teeth or flail blades, also called knives, are short pieces of metal attached to an axle that turns rapidly, cutting grass and other plants. A flail mower can be mounted on the front, back or side of a compact, garden or farm tractor. For the best results, the horsepower rating of the flail mower gear box needs to match or be compatible with the horsepower of the tractor. Some flail mowers require a tractor to have a minimum of 25 horsepower, which some garden tractors have.
Flail Mover Blades
Due to the different brands and sizes of flail mowers, flail mover blades come in different sizes. Each size is the width of the drum or rotor, and the sizes usually range from 48 to 102 inches. The number of flail mover blades and their arrangement varies. Flail mover blades are measured as blades per foot of rotor; a mower with a large number of flail mover blades generally gives a closer and cleaner cut than a mower with fewer flail blades. Individual flail mover blades usually are attached to the rotor in pairs, forming a Y- or T-shaped configuration. In some mower models, flail mover blades are attached in staggered rows to provide a smoother cut.
Types of Flail Mover Blades
Flail Hammer blades (T shape)
Flail hammer blade is the blade that assembled to the flail mover using a bolt & nut,which is a type pf powered garden or agricultural equipment, such equipment is used to deal with heavier grass or scrub which can not be removed by normal lawn mover. Flial hammer blades are attached to the rotating horizontal drum. And the rows of blades are usually staggered to offer a complete cut. If a flail hammer blades strikes an immovable object, it simply bounces off. Other rotary type mowers have a tendency to grab and throw the object out of the mower deck if its small enough.This fact makes the flail mower best suited for areas where thrown objects would cause damage.
Flail Knife Blades (Y shape)
Flail Knife blades is the blade with a Y shape apperance using a clevis.
Flail Hammer Blades VS. Knife Blades
When you design o buy a new flail mower, you will have a choice of the Y Knife Blades or Hammer Blades. The Y-Blades are great when cutting tall weeds and overgrowth and can also offer a nice cut to your lawn. However,if you are need to cut tree saplings and dense overgrowth,the flail hammer blades are used,which are wider, heavier blades than the Y-blades. No matter Flail hammer blades or Y knife blades,either set of blades will make a perfect solution for cutting.
Although flail movers are very effective when cutting overgrown grass,clearing brambles,and the perfect tool for hedge cutting even like a tree branch,it is very important for you to choose the right option.Below we will introduce different types of blades(hammer blades vs knives blades) for flail movers.
When cutting grass and brambles,a flail mower head fitted with knives,or Y shape blades is the best choice.They are more of a knife and less of a mulcher and they leave a very clean cut and a much tidier looking finishing. Besides,the Y shape blades(knives blades)can also be used for light hedges and they can cut branches up to 2 inches (some of our customers use them to cut much thicker things but this is not recommended!!) The knives are standard fitting for the LS1 series of hedgecutter, for mini diggers from 1,5 to 2 Ton, but can be used with flail mower heads up to 1200 mm for machines up to 16 Tons.
However,in most cases,more “cutting power” is required to remove thicker branches, or simply don’t want to worry about what they are going to hit when cleaning an area or they cut hedges. In this case,we suggest the flail mower head fitted with flail hammer blades.Flail movers with hammer blades can cut up branches up to 4 inches,and moreover,they can cut everything the Y shaped blades can do (grass, brambles, briars and bushes).So the fuction of hammer blade flail mover is stronger than that of Y blade flail movers.That is why flail hammer blades are more common sold in the market.
Maintenance of Flail Mover Blades
Smooth or fine-cut flail blades are largely self-cleaning. In order to extend their life, the blades can be resharpened. Sharp cutting edges reduces the horsepower needed for the blades’ operation.
Steel Forging for Flail Mover Blades
CFS Forge is the direct steel forging company for custom flail mover blades. Flial mover blades are recommended in steel forging production process because our closed die forging technique can produce flail mover blades in higher strength and better working performance.
Why Steel Forging for Flail Mover Blades?
- High production efficiency. In the chamber cavity of mould, the deformation of the steel billet is proceeding, so we can quickly obtain the required flail mover blades.
- Steel forging can produce any complex shaped flail mover blades, and the distribution of metal flow line is more reasonable. Besides, steel forging process can improve the serving life of flail mover blades.
- The size of steel forged flail mover blades is accurate,we can also achieve better surface quality, and smaller machining allowance.
- This closed die forging process will also reduce material waste and reduce machining work. Under the condition of enough batch, it will reduce the cost of flail mover blades eventually.
- The production operation is easy, so the work force is low.
More Steel Forging Advantages…
Material of Forged Flail Mover Blades
Considering the wear resistance of flail mover blades, suggested material grade of flial mover blades is 42CrMo.
Heat Treatment of Flail Mover Blades
Quenching & Tempering is the most cost effective heat treatment method to improve the hardness of flail mover blades. Normally forging blanks could only reach hardness around 20HRC. But after heat treatment, an ideal hardness 48-52HRC can be achieved. Higher hardness will help to improve the wear resistance of flial mover blades, thus to longer the serving life.


A group in Tulsa wants to feed more hungry people, and one way they want to do that is to grow their own food and get the community to help.
Once they get the rest of the donations, Food on the Move plans to use technology like hydroponics and aquaponics to help grow the food. People will also learn how to grow their own food.
"We're going to teach students right now, all the way up to adults, in North Tulsa and all over Oklahoma, how to be the ones that can run these systems, and how to start businesses to be the future growers that can help provide a sustainable business,” said Taylor Hanson, the founder of Food on the Move.
The plan has four parts, starting with growing the food, and eventually, selling and distributing it.
"It's really a food campus,” said Hanson. “It's a local food campus. Starting with growing things with an urban farm, and then ultimately over these coming years, we'll launch our food hub as well as our market, our grocery store model, and ultimately a community hub."
Food on the Move says this project will make Tulsans healthier.
"The lifespan of someone living in North Tulsa vs South Tulsa is 13 years,” said Kevin Harper, the President, and CEO of Food on the Move. “And that's all because of food access. Oklahoma spends $1.4 billion a year in health-related issues directly tied to how we eat because people don't have access to healthy, fresh, affordable produce."
Leaders hope people will get involved with this project, to help themselves and also their neighbors.
"We want to bring the public in because this is a community place,” said Harper. “We call it Food Home because a home is a place of safety, security, and education, and we want this to be a place people gather, and they learn, and they grow, and we build community."
They do not want anyone in Tulsa to go hungry.
"People deserve the right, they have the right, to eat healthy produce, and to eat healthily and to be healthy,” said Harper. “And this is just one more step to make sure that happens."
Food on the Move hopes to get this project kicked off in the new year. For more information on this program visit Food On The Move


These cards are designed and printed onto wildflower seed paper or vegetable seed paper, so that once your card has been enjoyed it can be planted where it will grow as part of your garden.
Turning this little card into a gift !
Instructions are clearly printed on the back of the card
For best germination results, seed paper should be planted within 2 years. It will still grow beyond that, but the germination rates will decline after that period. Store in a cool, dry place, to preserve the germination rates for as long as possible.
The card is small but perfectly formed. Once folded the card measures 90 x 113mm and is supplied with a lovely Kraft envelope. Left blank for your own message.


Girls, it's time to get out the old gardening gloves and polishing off your green thumbs!
Avery was trying to "help" plant some flowers and, in the process, discovered the joy of mixing water and dirt.
Here she is finding out that there is water in the watering can...
Am I going to get in trouble for this, mom? (notice the dirt around her mouth - yes, she was indeed eating it. I just don't understand.)
Dirty from head to toe!
More to come!


Check our Blog for this week’s coupons.
Big Banana is a family-owned ‘Open All Year’ in-town Country Market located at 229 Messer Street in Laconia NH. Our mission is to provide quality Native New Hampshire and New England produce all summer long and a complete line of local and East Coast produce all winter long. Miles Smith Beef from Loudon, Fox Country Smokehouse bacon and cheese from Canterbury, Swain Farm maple syrup from Sanbornton, maple candy, maple cream, Ben’s Sugar Shack honey from Temple, homemade soaps from Gilford, Lamb from Maplecreek Farm in Belmont, pork products from Gitch’s Funny Farm in Alexandria, farm-fresh eggs from Gilford and Belmont, and a large variety of our own fresh baked goods, including gluten-free products, optimizes your shopping experience with competitive prices and a well-rounded selection. We support local, sustainable practices and visit each location to assess for ourselves the care of the animals and cleanliness of each operation. Our current hours are Mon-Fri 10am-5:30pm and Sat 10am-4pm. Big Banana thanks all those loyal customers who have made our first winter such a success. See you at the market. Come visit us soon and often:
- Our Country Market is Handicap Accessible.
- We have a large parking area.
- We sell Gluten-Free products!
- We are proud to be the first in Laconia to offer farm fresh produce all year long!
- Our produce is supplied by many area farmers, some of whom specialize in growing organically.
- Some of our local farmers grow year-round using greenhouses.
- Call us at 603-273-2978
As the push toward local healthy foods becomes increasingly more popular, people really want to know where their food is coming from. Winter farming is becoming more and more popular throughout our state as many farmers are beginning to include the use of greenhouses in their operations. Big Banana will benefit the farmers as it will provide a place for them to bring their crops to market. See the article in the Laconia Daily Sun of August 13, 2013, on pages 10 and 11. Our phone number is 603-273-2978.


New Zealand may have one of the best protective moats in the world, but the seas surrounding us have not kept out exotic organisms from the kiore to Didymosphenia geminata (didymo, aka ‘rock snot’).
In the 1840s, officials were more worried about human health. If an immigrant ship arrived flying a yellow flag, the passengers and crew were quarantined. But after some disastrous importations of stock diseases and farm pests, attention swung to animal and plant inspection and quarantine.
After the Second World War, aircraft upped the ante, ushering in the modern era of baggage inspection and passenger declaration cards. Today, approximately 1000 full and part-time MAF Biosecurity staff work to keep out, remove, or effectively manage the harm that pests or diseases can do to our economy, the environment and our health.
Historians Gavin McLean and Tim Shoebridge wrote this book published by Otago University Press. It was released in September 2010 to coincide with 50th anniversary celebrations of the Port Agriculture Inspection Service.
Contact your local bookstore for assistance in purchasing a copy.
Updated on 23rd July 2015


Seeds develop from flowers once the egg cell in the ovary of a flower is fertilized. Generally, the ovary ripens into the fruit and provides a protective structure around the seed. Sometimes, the ripened fruit comes from another part of the flower such as the ovary wall, receptacle of the flower, or the fleshy tissue of the ovary.
Please click the button(s) below to download the resource(s)Glossary
About this resource
High School (9-12)
Learning Resource Type
Learning Activities and Labs
National Agriculture in the Classroom
CC BY-NC / CC BY-NC-SA


Michael Brüntrup is an agricultural engineer and holds a PhD in agricultural economy. After some years in the acdemia and as a freelance consultant, he currently works at the German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) (since 2003). His interests cover topics related to agriculture and rural development, trade policy and food security with a geographical focus on Sub- Sahara Africa. His most recent work deals with bioenergy production, large scale land acquisitions, and large scale agro-industries and their relations with smallholder farmers and rural areas, as well as food security in a broader sense.
Have you checked out Landscapes News? What about the Knowledge Hub? The GLF is much more than the sum of its events! Dive into the GLF community and discover what it means to #ThinkLandscape.


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Every year since – forever – seed catalogs have arrived in my mailbox during the last of the winter weeks. They are a harbinger of hope because nothing spells faith like planting seeds and believing perennials, green beans and marigolds will indeed sprout and come to life.
But this year, I am throwing the catalogs into the recycling bin. I cannot even bear to look at pictures of purple lobelia or happy-faced pansies.
This year, I have finally realized I can no longer maintain my gardens.
Reality began to set in during last year’s season when I tried to dig weeds and spread mulch. Within minutes, grass allergies kicked in, and I ran to the house for my meds. Even so, the next day – dark circles rimmed my eyes and the fatigue of immune system warfare affected my energy levels.
I ignored the symptoms because gardening has been so important to me. Just the therapy of digging in fresh soil, following my farming ancestors’ passion to coax the sprouting of life has brought me annual joy.
Gardening has nurtured my dream – to own a cottage in the country surrounded by flowers and produce where bees drink nectar and butterflies land for a respite during their annual migration.
But reality clarifies the cost of mulch and new plants, plus the hours required to make such gardens appear. Reality also underscores that my body and its accompanying allergens now betray me.
I can no longer hang on to a dream I cannot produce.
My dilemma reminds me of my mother’s situation – the woman who worked hard to pay off her house only to be forced to leave it. The realities of Alzheimer’s care betrayed her. Staying in her home mirrors my dream of a garden home.
Now both of us must delete what we wished for.
This year, I will woefully allow the native grasses to engulf my garden spaces. I may move the blueberries and golden raspberries to pots that require little care. I may plant a small row of green beans, enough for a skillet full of nutritious flavor.
But I will no longer drool over the pictures in seed catalogs or plan new plots for hybrid clematis.
This year I will step back and let nature rule. Perhaps my garden dream will morph into an eternal garden where the price my physical body pays no longer affects me.
Instead of working on my dream, I will stroll through local nurseries to touch leaves, stroke petals and remember the gardens I once nurtured.
To reach toward hope, I will remind myself that the giving up of the dream still yields results albeit a different type of fruit:
- Saving money
- Giving away tools to someone who needs them
- Finding more time to write and read
- Preserving my health
And when the twinges of grief remind me what is lost, I can always counter with the truth of what will someday be.
Reality forces us to change, but hope answers that the changes may point toward something better.


Prevention and resolution of water conflicts: challenges for young leaders in the digital age.
East-West Dialogue Project
The East-West Dialogue Academic Exchange and Scientific Cooperation for Security, Cooperation and Civil Society Development in Europe Project is a project intended to break barriers and to contribute to interdisciplinary exchange of experts, scholars and scientists from fields not limited Environmental and Water Technology, Conflict Research and Management and Leadership.
The project which has the aim of water-conservation, sustainable land and water use through prevention and resolution of water conflicts caused by agricultural practices is managed by Dr. Enis Yazici and Prof. Dr. Ulrike Gayh (School of Engineering and Architecture).
A first digital winter school will be carried out with students from Germany and Russia. We have two main topics on which we work during the winter school end of November but also already starting on after a first online workshop (25./26.7):
- Use of humic substances on agricultural land in Russia to increase Tolerance in crops to abiotic stress, pesticide exposure in bodies of water
- Data Science goes Water Management: Use of AI and Machine Learning to predict natural disasters to reduce Water Conflicts
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrike Gayh | Dr. Enis Yazici | Dr. Kenneth Bedu-Addo | Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Gerber | Prof. Benjamin Zierock
This project is funded by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) with funds from the Federal Foreign Office (AA).


Overheads. Home. Ground Tissue. Dermal Tissue. Vascular tissues. Website Notes: Plant Tissues. I. Ground tissue - constitutes most of the primary body of a plant. Plant Tissue Systems: Dermal Tissue. The dermal tissue system consists of the epidermis and the periderm. The epidermis is generally a single layer of. Include epidermis Only type of plant tissue which actively divides Complex Plant Tissues —consist of two or more cell types that have similar functions. Epidermis 1. OBJECTIVES : 1. Learn the basic anatomy of plant dermal tissue. 2. Develop knowledge of the associated terminology. The epidermis is the relatively thin, tough, outer layer of the skin The fat is contained in living cells, called fat cells, held together by fibrous tissue. Plant tissues are categorized broadly into three tissue systems: the epidermis Phloem is an equally important plant tissue as it also is part of the 'plumbing.
Plant, food storage ; 7 Types of Plant Tissues-Simple. Parenchyma ; Storage ; Support ;. Cortex ground tissue between epidermis and vascular bundles ; Vascular. The plant epidermis is a multifunctional tissue playing important roles in water relations, defence and pollinator attraction. Plant cells are formed at meristems Epidermis. The epidermal tissue functions in prevention of water loss and acts as a barrier to fungi and other invaders. Periderm. A group of tissues which replaces the epidermis in the plant body. Its main function is to protect the underlying tissues from desiccation, freezing, heat. The integumentary system of plants includes the epidermis, cuticle, plant hairs The epidermis is the main surface tissue of young plants and the covering. Dictionary.com Unabridged. the outer protective layer of cells of a plant epidermis ep er is (ěp'ĭ-dûr'mĭs) n. The dermal tissue of a plant, more specifically referred to as the epidermis, is an outer protective layer of typically polygonal cells. Plant Tissues: Overview. growth Protoderm gives rise to epidermis Ground meristem gives rise to ground tissue Procambium gives rise to 1o vascular tissue.
The ground tissue of leaves is called mesophyll, bound by upper and lower epidermis. TISSUE TYPES Parenchyma is the fundamental tissue of the plant body. Meristematic Tissue, Permanent Tissue - Simple Permanent Tissue: Parenchyma, Chlorenchyma It provides strength to the plant parts. Epidermis. Primary Root Tissue, Root Hairs and the Plant Vascular Cylinder Next Lesson. Structure of Leaves: The Epidermis The Epidermis, Palisade and Spongy Layers. BioCoach Activity Concept 4: Dermal Tissues. The dermal tissue system protects the soft tissues of plants and controls interactions with the plants' surroundings. Looking for online definition of epidermis. The outermost layer of cells covering the leaves and young parts of a plant. epidermis (in plants) the thin tissue. Home » Epidermis. Definition. noun. One or more layers of cells forming the outermost portion of the skin or integument. Supplement. The epidermis is a protective.
The dermal tissue system—the epidermis—is the outer protective layer of the primary plant body (the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds). Leaf Structure and Function. The outermost layer of the leaf is the epidermis. It consists of the upper and lower epidermis, which are present on either side of the leaf. Epidermis differentiation and maintenance are essential for plant survival. Constant cross-talk between epidermal cells and their immediate environment is at the. A waxy layer known as the cuticle covers the leaves of all plant species through the blade of a typical dicot leaf reveals 4 distinct tissue layers. Upper epidermis. The epidermis is the surface tissue covering all organs of the plant during primary growth • Root (Ranunculus.
Plant Cells and Tissues cell = smallest living unit; engages in metabolism, reproduction;. Dermal Tissue: epidermis, periderm (cork, cork cambium, phelloderm. Learning how the skin functions begins with an understanding of the structure of the three layers of skin: the epidermis, the dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. Plant tissue types ground tissue - thin walled parenchyma cells in interior of root and shoot - which function in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion. UALR Botany: Plant Tissues and Cell Types Review Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Though only a thin layer of cells, a plant's epidermis is a very important tissue system Plant Epidermis: Function & Structure Related Study. Converting epidermis from an ephemeral to a persistent tissue must have involved many substantial changes, certainly more than merely postponing programmed cell. Description. The epidermis is the outermost cell layer of the primary plant body. In some older works the cells of the leaf epidermis have been regarded as.
Dermal Tissue System: The dermal tissue system makes up the outside covering of the plant. This system consists of the epidermis and the periderm. The epidermis is the protective outer layer of clonally related cells covering all plant organs. Plant tissues come in several forms: vascular, epidermal, ground, and meristematic. Each type of tissue consists of different types of cells, has different functions. The epidermis is mostly made up of flat, scale-like cells called squamous cells. Under the squamous cells are round cells called basal cells. Plant tissues: Epidermis- outer most layer, plants can have multiple layers of epidermis, do not contain chloroplast, only for mechanical protection (crushing or. Lab: Plant tissue systems and cell types In this lab we will become familiar with the main types of plant cells and tissues. You’ll look at cells in the ground.
Epidermis definition, Anatomy. the outer, nonvascular, nonsensitive layer of the skin, covering the true skin or corium. See more. A waxy layer known as the cuticle covers the leaves of all plant species through the blade of a typical dicot leaf reveals 4 distinct tissue layers. Upper epidermis. Learn more about stem anatomy in the Boundless open textbook. The stem's anatomy consists of three tissue systems that work together to support, protect, and aid in. Vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant. consists of various ground tissue types that lie between the epidermis and the. Epidermis includes the Greek prefix epi-, meaning "outer;" thus, the epidermis overlies the dermis, or inner layer of skin. The epidermis itself consists of four or. Epidermis: see skin skin, the flexible tissue (integument) enclosing the body of vertebrate animals. In humans and other mammals, the skin operates a complex. Epidermis: the formation and functions of a fundamental plant tissue Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences Functions of the epidermis in plant development.


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Nicola Chatham’s been featured in these publications, magazines and websites.


Moultrie® Food Plot Spreader
The Moultrie Food Plot Spreader will help you to get the most out of your ATV and your food plot with our ATV Food Plot Spreader. The ATV Food Plot Spreader is an ATV spreader especially designed for planting and fertilizing food plots around your hunting property. Get on location and get to work right away with minimal assembly. This food plot spreader will get you up and running in just 5 easy steps with a quick disconnect when not in use.
- Additional Information
Frame has a load capacity of up to 50-lbs. Built-in quick release system for fast and easy detaching of spreader bucket. Convenient shut off gate allows you to regulate amount of seed dispensed. Universal mounting brackets make it compatible with almost all ATV models. Plastic hopper prevents rust damage. Tapered hopper ensures all seed and fertilizer are dispensed. Universal mounting brackets make it compatible with almost all ATV models.


Top 3 Vibrant Communities | April 17 – 21
April 24, 2017 by Blandin Foundation
1. Lowry: Zach Johnson, a young farmer from Lowry, Minnesota, started the MN Millennial Farmer YouTube channel to “set straight some misconceptions about farming for people who weren’t familiar with agriculture.” One year later, he probably couldn’t have forecast that his YouTube channel would connect him to two brothers who farm near Sao Paulo, Brazil. Earlier this month, the Brazilian brothers, Raphael and Guilherme Garcia, visited the Johnson’s farm to compare operations and co-learn.
2. Little Falls: Folks in Central Minnesota will soon have a new way to capture stories about the unique role of food in rural culture. Shaping the rural narrative through video, The Video Barn can be found at each event occurring at the Sprout Growers and Makers Marketplace. Sprout’s mission is to promote the health, economy, and self-reliance of Central Minnesota by facilitating the availability of locally produced food, products, and art in the region.
3. Malmo Township: Since 1962, Arlene Westerlund has committed herself to the health of her community of Malmo by acting as Township Clerk. Fifty five years later, at age 82, she thought of stepping down, but the community says it can’t give her up. Not just yet.
The job has changed a lot over the years, mostly related to state requirements and advances in technology. But the mission is always the same – meeting the needs of neighbors, staying connected to the community whether they’re third generation or newly re-located to the area.
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IoT in farming prevents insect population decline
Reading time 9 mins
- Insect populations are declining by as much as 50% in some areas due to climate change and intensive agriculture
- Widespread loss of insects will lead to species extinction, food insecurity, less biodiversity, more demand for synthetic fibres, and soil degradation
- In 2020/2021 approximately 27% of farming businesses in the UK stated that they used precision farming techniques
- Of those farms, 21% use precision techniques to increase productivity or performance, and 10% to reduce environmental impacts
- IoT in farming and precision agriculture could help farmers to control insect populations as opposed to eradicating them
- The farming press, media, and government bodies need to direct more awareness and funding toward promoting the benefits of IoT in farming for overall productivity, which would also help to restore insect populations
Is your business ready to harness the potential of IoT? Our expert team can help design and implement bespoke IoT solutions. Reach out to us now to kick-start your IoT journey.
Many of us dismiss insects as annoyances or harbingers of disease. However, these tiny but mighty creatures allow ecosystems to survive and thrive. They cycle nutrients, pollinate plants we depend on for food, disperse seeds, fertilise the soil, control populations of other organisms, and are a significant food source for many animals . And yet, climate change and intensive agricultural land use are causing insect populations to decline – by as much as 50% in some areas . Can IoT in farming help to reverse this trend, restore insect populations, and ensure their continued survival?
Precision Farming & Habitat Protection
As we’ve seen in related posts, we can reduce the need for agricultural expansion by decreasing food wastage and preventing illegal logging. Apart from that, how we use agricultural land can also be optimised. This is where smart farming and precision agriculture come into play :
- Farm management systems based on observing, measuring, and responding to variables (e.g. rain, terrain features, sunlight, pest infestation, extreme weather that could damage crops)
- Increase productivity, decrease the amount of resources used, and save money
- The use of satellite imagery, GPS-equipped harvesters, drones, or sensors placed directly in the soil to collect data
- Using this data to provide the imagery, geographic references (e.g. topography), and information related to crop health thereby allows farmers to optimise/automate water, fertiliser, herbicide, and growth regulator usage
However, optimisation and precision also come at a cost to insect life. Therefore a balance between precision and best practice (i.e. control insects without eradicating them) needs to be met.
IoT in farming equals precision, but what about control?
There are a range of IoT-based sensors that farmers can use to control insect and pest populations . One way is to use inexpensive and low-power sensors connected to traps that listen to pest sounds (i.e. rodents or insects) and capture data about soil and crop health well as weather conditions . The data collected allows farmers to make strategic decisions, such as when crops need spraying and pinpoint the part of the field that needs it.
The Semios ‘Insect Pest Management’ solution uses automated camera traps, spray timing tools, and variable mate timing disruption (i.e. applying pheromones that deter mating and attract fewer insects). Each solution is customised to suit a specific field/orchard’s needs and allows farmers to automate processes to save time and labour.
Weather monitoring systems for precision agriculture in real-time can also help to predict an attack by pests. Solutions provided by Metos UK and ENVIRA IoT show how this can be done: By tracking weather conditions and breeding patterns, these technologies help farmers identify a particular pest’s threat level. Although swarm infestations don’t plague UK farms to the extent that they do in other regions in the world, these predictive analytics systems nevertheless help to improve overall decision-making.
Can precision farming help to restore declining insect populations?
The answer depends on how many farms use them.
In 2020/2021, approximately 27% of responding business farms in England stated that they use precision farming techniques .
Compiling this with data gathered from a survey published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in 2020  gives us a broader understanding farms were most likely to get advice on productivity (67%), the environment (62%) and regulation (60%) from farming press or media (the least common source of advice being the government). The graph below shows the percentage of precision techniques used on farms and the reasons why.
For the farms not using precision farming techniques, the reasons listed included:
- Practices were not relevant to the type of farm (63%)
- Methods were either too expensive or not cost-effective enough (48%)
- Too complicated to use (16%)
- Not accurate enough (4%)
- 5% selected other reasons, e.g. no time to explore options fully
When it came to devices and connectivity:
What can we conclude?
IoT in farming helps farmers to improve efficiency. However, depending on which IoT-based techniques farmers use, it’s debatable whether they can help to restore insect populations. In addition, these techniques can only have a significant and positive impact if a majority of farms use them. Less than 50% of farms using IoT in general – and an even smaller percentage for environmental reasons specifically – isn’t very encouraging.
That a significant percentage of farmers look to the farming press or media for information, as opposed to the government, is telling. How much importance do both sectors place on insect population decline and on educating farmers regarding cost-effective solutions available to help restore them?
As with most complex problems, out-of-the-box strategies could help solutions to become more comprehensive. One way to help insects find refuge from intensive agricultural practices is to preserve the natural habitat near farmlands. Another would be to Ask Nature and see what kind of biomimicry strategies could be adapted to suit.
For example, honeybees have enzymes that they use to detoxify certain insecticides. If farmers integrate them as part of their farms, not only would these bees be protected from harm (depending on the insecticides used), but they’re also good business partners.
A less conventional alternative would be to make the insects themselves the hero – rather than the villain – of the story. The insect farming industry is booming.  As the EU lifts bans on feed made from animal remains, demand is increasing, and insect protein is becoming a popular ingredient for pet, livestock, and human diets. Organisations such as the Center for Environmental Sustainability Through Insect Farming provide the research to help the industry explore the various uses and benefits of insect protein for food – yet another reason to see populations restored.
With all these different options buzzing around, a continued decline in insect populations doesn’t have to be inevitable. What are your thoughts? Is there another alternative that we didn’t mention? Reach out and let us know, and we’ll add it to the list!
- Scudder, G. G. E. (2017, July). The importance of insects. Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/9781118945568.ch2
- Outhwaite, C.L, McCaan, P. (2022, April 20). Agriculture and climate change are reshaping insect biodiversity worldwide. Nature Portfolio. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04644-x
- Precision Agriculture. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 25, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_agriculture
- A Complete Guide for IoT Based Pest Detection with its Benefits. (n.d.). Biz4Intellia ( An End-To-End IoT Business Solution ). Retrieved August 25, 2022, from https://www.biz4intellia.com/blog/a-complete-guide-for-iot-based-pest-detection-with-its-benefits/
- Impending Insect Wipeout: How IoT Is Saving the Environment. (n.d.). BehrTech. Retrieved August 25, 2022, from https://behrtech.com/blog/how-iot-is-saving-the-environment/
- Shahbandeh, M. (2022, August 22). Share of farm businesses using precision farming techniques in England 2012/13 to 2020/21. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1133014/share-of-farm-businesses-using-precision-farming-techniques-england/
- Farm Practices Survey Autumn 2019 – England. (2020, March 5). Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/870305/fps-general-statsnotice-05mar20.pdf
- Reynolds, M. (2022, February 15). For Insect Farming to Work, Scientists Need to Build a Better Bug. Wired.Com. https://www.wired.com/story/insect-pet-animal-food/


Things to consider when buying broadcast spreaders
Maintaining your garden can be difficult without the proper equipment. If you have a large garden and struggling to spread the fertilizers or seeds, then you should consider using the right spreader. The Best Broadcast Spreaders allows you to spread grass seeds, fertilizers, or any other granular products evenly on the large lawn space. By using this product, you will not have any hassles. Before you choose to invest in fertilizer, here are a few things that you should consider.
Hopper holding capacity:
First of all, you need to consider the maximum quantity that the fertilizer unit can hold. Depending on your garden area, you have to choose the right size of the fertilizer unit. If you have a large lawn area, then you should consider the maximum capacity. Because investing in spreaders with smaller space means you have to consider filling it often that can be time-consuming.
Consider the style:
When it comes to broadcast spreaders, you have different styles to choose from. You can choose from handheld, walk-behind, and tow-behind spreaders. Depending on your requirements, you can choose the right style for your lawn area.
It is vital to check the durability of the spreader. The spreader should be built using the right materials and last for several years to provide the best services. The Best Broadcast Spreadersare durable and work for longer periods. This would help you to spread the materials in your garden easily. So, consider the factors carefully and buy the right spreader for your lawn space.


Joke Du Jour
One day a country farmer inspects his large watermelon patch. He discovers that some of the local kids have been helping themselves. The farmer thinks of ways to discourage this and eventually puts up a sign that reads: "WARNING! ONE OF THESE WATERMELONS CONTAINS CYANIDE!"
He smiles smugly as he watches the kids run off the next night without eating any of his melons. The farmer returns to the watermelon patch a week later to discover that none of the watermelons have been eaten, but finds another sign that reads: "NOW THERE ARE TWO!"
Experience is something you don't get until just after you need it.
08' WK 3.0L CRD Ltd.S / *TJ Sold* 2014 JKUR when available


Everyone is talking about sustainability. In our work in the vineyard and cellar, we also focus on natural, resource-saving cultivation. One important contribution is summer planting. At the beginning of March, we sowed a special seed mixture of 48 flowering plants in our vineyards, which are now flourishing wonderfully as temperatures rise. The plant diversity attracts numerous beneficial insects, which protect our grapes from pest infestation. In addition, the vegetation improves the soil structure and promotes the build-up of humus.
Summer planting also brings another advantage. Special soil bacteria in the root zone of various legumes such as pea and clover bind nitrogen from the air. Targeted plowing can thus cover the high nitrogen requirements of the vines, for example, before flowering. With simple and, above all, natural means, high-quality grapes are created, which provide the best material for our fabulous wines.


Last Sunday we borrowed the family farm truck and went persimmon picking.
This year there seemed to be an extra abundant harvest.
Unfortunately we only have one or two small female persimmon trees right near our house (along with a plethora of male trees that don't produce fruit). We have tentative plans to remedy that by planting some cultivars in our horse paddocks (surrounded by protective fencing, of course, for our lovely half-giraffe-tree-eating horses *ahem*Chico*cough*cough*). In the meantime we have plenty available to us around the farm as long as we expand our field of scope a bit more.
|Susannah rides in style in the cab of the farm truck.|
|Then hikes across the field after saying hi to the fall calves.|
Traditionally persimmon harvesting is best done by several people holding a sheet spread out under the tree while someone else shakes down the loose, ripe fruit. Not only is this efficient, it also solves the potential problem of a beautiful persimmon landing in the middle of a cow paddy, the presence of which can be rather multitudinous on a beef farm. And also the risk of well-meaning two-year-olds rescuing said fruit out of said cow paddy. Which, of course, we managed to avoid.
Persimmons are only delectable when they are soft and wrinkly and with an apricot hue. Bitter and unripe persimmons can be quite shocking! If they are still firm and don't pop off the branch when given a gentle shake, they are not ready for devouring.
However, with our exuberant helpers and in the excitement of the moment we collected quite a few still clinging to little branches. This just meant that I helped sort through them when we got home before using the choicest ones for baking.
My sister recently did a lovely post on making persimmon cookies, sharing a recipe that has been handed down from our great-great-aunt. Armed with that recipe I was finally ambitious enough to process persimmons for the first time. Not to mention the fact that I could use my little minions (I mean, precious children.....homeschool time!) to do all the messy work.
They had a blast. Squelching their fingers into soft, fleshy orange fruit that stained their hands and faces (and the table and chairs, and everything else they managed to touch before reaching the bathroom sink...). What could be more fun? The seeds inside the fruit are usually large and easy to find, so they sorted through, tossing seeds and waste into one bowl and yummy mash into another. It took some time, but eventually we had enough fruit pulp to work with. After a bit more research I found that some people recommend using a potato ricer to separate out the seeds and extras. Good to know for future harvests.
I also read that you can easily freeze and preserve the pulp in sealed containers in your deep freeze. Or dehydrate it on a cookie sheet in the oven on low heat to turn it into tasty persimmon leather. (Apparently cooking it other ways - like into jams - brings back its astringency.) Or just eat it straight off the tree as a refreshing snack out in the field. Our preferred method is to pick it from horseback during fall rides.


|This summer’s premium produce...Orchard Perfect
THE SWEETEST, JUICIEST, TASTIEST FRUIT
Orchard Perfect fruits are seasonal and are only available from June through October...So enjoy the fruits of the Orchard while you can.
Picked at the Peak of Perfection.
Orchard Perfect is fruit at its very best - tastier, juicier and as fresh as can be. It represents a pursuit of perfection that starts in the orchard where the sweetest fruits nature has to offer are given every opportunity to shine.
Orchard Perfect fruits are the freshest, juiciest fruits you’ve ever tasted.


Legal Solutions | USA
Can we help?
Interest in urban agriculture continues to flourish, and as a result more communities are faced with the demand for a variety of agricultural activities within the urban environment.
Urban Agriculture is a current, practical resource on all aspects of agricultural activities within non-rural settings, ranging from neighborhood gardens to commercial farming operations.
This book addresses many of the land use, environmental, and regulatory legal issues that confront local governments, property owners, businesses, nonprofit organizations, and neighborhood groups when addressing urban gardening or farming.
In addition, the book’s authors describe and analyze the experiences of specific urban areas, providing perspectives on these different approaches, from those that have been successful to the ones that have not, as well as activities not yet fully evaluated. Information is organized in five sections:


Seeding a new lawn
It’s easy to seed a new lawn as long as you follow the right steps.
Step 1) Measuring
Measure the area that you intend to cover using a tape measure. Please do not pace it out. Exact measurements will give you the correct amount of seed and starter fertilizer needed to cover the area that you have indicated.
Step 2) Soil Preparation
For optimal results, cover the area 4-6 inches deep with tufturf sandy lawn blend. Level area with a rake and roll the area with a lawn roller 1/3 full of water. Smooth over area to provide a solid base for seed establishment.
Step 3) Fertilization
Apply the correct amount of turf starter fertilizer to the area using a hand spreader. Ensure the fertilizer is spread evenly.
tufturf tip: Starter fertilizer should be applied when seeding or sodding your lawn. Starter fertilizer is high in phosphorus which promotes deep root growth and establishment of your new lawn
Step 4) Seed Application
Apply the correct amount of tufturf seed to the area using a hand spreader. Ensure the seed is spread evenly.
After installation, roll the entire surface. The seed must be in tight contact with the soil in order to draw moisture from the soil to germinate.
*We rent lawn rollers and fertilizer spreaders, just go to: Equipment Rentals
tufturf tip: All grass seed is not created equal. Grass seed that is sold in stores is formulated for Canada. That is puzzling to us because our climate is not the same as Ontario’s. We at team tufturf are proud to offer you seed blends that are used on BC sod farms and designed for our region and formulated for Optimal Results on Vancouver Island.
Step 5) Watering
Thoroughly water the seeded area immediately after application. Continue to water several times daily to keep the seeded area moist until it is germinated (about 4-6 weeks).
After this time, begin less frequent and deeper waterings.
Once the seed has grown into grass and you are ready to give it the first mowing, then cut your watering to ONE inch, ONE day a week. Measure it and time it, as that will train the roots to look for water deep in the ground.
Sandy Lawn Blend
perfect for growing or topdressing your lawn
Seed / Fertilizer
Supreme Lawn Seed
Overseed for your lawn
Dominator Lawn Seed
Starter Lawn Fertilizer
Ongoing support Fertilizer
Why mess up your car/truck? Large load?
We have several “dump” vehicles ready to deliver to your site. Pre-booking required, fees vary depending on load size and distance.
Have a smaller order? Pick-up is available at our location. You are welcome to have us help you load your truck or trailer.


What makes S2I different from all the other solutions?
S2i Contract Farming
The Contract Farming module accompanies the life cycle of seed and inputs sourcing, production control and the respective yield during harvesting.
Incorporating a robust S2iTM Mobile component, it uses mobile devices, portable printers and electronic scales, all interconnected via Bluetooth.
Initially developed for the Cotton Contract Farming (Cotton Development) sector, it can easily be extended to other types of crops.
By following best practices defined by the BCI (Better Cotton Initiative), the Contract Farming module helps you manage the entire production cycle.
An integrated Intelligent Agriculture project that addresses several shortcomings, such as:
- Covers the whole production cycle, from registering producers, georeferencing croplands, extension activities, delivering inputs, monitoring growth, purchasing crops and settling debts
- Shares reliable information at the right time
- Provides a Market «–» Producer communication channel
- Makes it easier to get producers on board, thanks to the transparency in the digitization of manual processes
- Helps to implement extension programs
- Enables optimized management of inputs
- Provides georeferenced information on croplands and on the various crops over several seasons
- Brings commercial agents and the rural world closer together, through integration with multi-service payment platforms, such as electricity and mobile communication operators
- Enables application of prediction models adapted to the changes of each season, through:
- Weather forecasts
- In-loco entry with field sensors
- Photo interpretation of images captured by drones or robots
- Producer surveys
- Helps ensure the safety of the field team, through the real-time geolocation of vehicles and people
- Analytics dashboards enable real-time monitoring of the entire process
Wasp – World Analysis System on Pests
The new WASP module was designed by pest control experts.
This module is used with the drone + spraying system solution offered by our partner HP Drones.
It is a flexible program that replaces paper documents with personalized digital forms that can be filled in using any mobile device or PC.
- Incident reports with photos
- Mapping of sightings with Asian wasp nests using GPS
- Follow-up of incidents addressed
- Control of applied chemicals
- Contract timelines
- Multi entity
- Pilot team management
- Email notifications
- Integration engine for use with external applications
- Online or offline operation to increase efficiency, save time and money
The Operating Lease module enables management of all related operations, in particular:
- Document management
- Budget management
- Financing management
- Contract management
- Insurance management
- Guarantee and collateral management


Santiago del Estero
Our plant is located 35 km away from Santiago del Estero city, on 35 hectare ground. Thanks to its unique weather, a sustainable irrigation system and the specific characteristics of the soil, this is the country’s largest forage production area and is considered the national capital of alfalfa. This location insured unbeatable cultivation conditions and an ongoing quality product all year long.
Lastly, this privileged location, favors our competitiveness in terms of transportation and logistics since it is only 6 kms from the railway station of Forres, which is our distribution headquarters for the Rosario, Zárate and Buenos Aires ports.


Department of Agriculture Learnership Programme 2023/24 in Gauteng
The Department of Agriculture offers exciting learnership opportunities for individuals looking to develop their skills and contribute to the agricultural industry in South Africa.
These learnerships aim to educate and empower citizens through training programs, ensuring a qualified workforce for the future.
If you have a passion for agriculture and want to enhance your expertise in this field, read on to discover the requirements and application process for Department of Agriculture Learnerships 2023.
Understanding the Department of Agriculture Learnerships:
The Department of Agriculture learnerships focus on developing and educating individuals in various fields related to food technology, sciences, chemistry, and more.
By offering these learnerships, the department ensures the safe certification of food products and adequate livestock supply to meet the needs of the population.
Requirements for Application:
To increase your chances of being selected for the Department of Agriculture learnerships, it is important to fulfill the following requirements:
- South African Citizenship: Applicants must be registered citizens of South Africa, holding a valid ID.
- Matric Certification: A certified copy of the matric certificate or equivalent qualification is required. The degree or diploma should be relevant to the chosen field of work.
- Age Criteria: Candidates must be aged between 18 and 35 years.
- Proficiency in English: Good English language skills are necessary for effective communication, especially in international contexts. Additionally, ensure that your CV is up-to-date.
The Department of Agriculture learnerships applications can be completed online. Follow these steps to apply:
- Visit the official website of the Department of Agriculture to access the annual program.
- Look for the download link that leads to the Z83 application form, which is the standard form for all learnership programs in South Africa.
- Fill out the form with accurate and relevant information.
- Submit the completed application form and the required documents through the specified online portal or submission method
The Department of Agriculture Learnerships 2023 provide an excellent opportunity for individuals passionate about agriculture to enhance their skills and contribute to the industry’s growth.
By participating in these learnerships, you will receive practical training, valuable knowledge, and the chance to make a positive impact on food production and safety.
Stay informed by regularly visiting the department’s official website for updates on learnerships, internships, and job vacancies.
Take the first step toward a rewarding career in agriculture by applying for the Department of Agriculture learnerships and join the journey of agricultural development in South Africa.
Get your Z83 Form here!
About The Department of Agriculture
The Department of Agriculture in South Africa plays a vital role in the development, regulation, and promotion of the agricultural sector in the country.
Here’s some information about the department and why their learnerships are intriguing for individuals seeking employment opportunities in this field:
- Importance of Agriculture: Agriculture is a significant industry in South Africa, contributing to food security, job creation, and economic growth.
The Department of Agriculture recognizes the importance of skilled individuals in driving agricultural innovation, sustainability, and productivity.
- Focus on Training and Development: The department is committed to nurturing a capable workforce by offering learnerships that provide practical training, theoretical knowledge, and exposure to various aspects of the agricultural sector.
These learnerships aim to equip individuals with the skills needed to contribute effectively to the industry.
- Broad Range of Fields: The Department of Agriculture learnerships cover a wide range of fields, including food technology, sciences, chemistry, livestock management, and more.
This diversity allows individuals to explore their specific interests and develop expertise in their chosen area within the agricultural sector.
- Professional Growth Opportunities: By participating in learnerships offered by the Department of Agriculture, individuals have the opportunity to enhance their professional growth.
They gain valuable hands-on experience, learn from industry experts, and acquire practical skills that are highly sought after in the agricultural job market.
- Contribution to Food Safety and Certification: The department places a strong emphasis on ensuring the safety and certification of food products consumed by the population.
Learnerships offered by the Department of Agriculture provide individuals with the necessary knowledge and training to meet the standards and regulations governing food production, quality control, and certification.
- Collaboration and Networking: Engaging in Department of Agriculture learnerships allows individuals to interact with professionals, experts, and fellow learners in the agricultural field.
This collaboration and networking offer opportunities to exchange ideas, share experiences, and build connections that can be beneficial for future career prospects.
- Continuous Learning and Updates: The Department of Agriculture strives to stay updated with the latest advancements, research, and industry trends.
Learnerships provide individuals with access to ongoing learning opportunities, keeping them informed about emerging practices, technologies, and policies within the agricultural sector.
- Career Pathways: Completing a learnership with the Department of Agriculture opens up various career pathways in the agricultural industry.
Individuals can pursue roles in research and development, farm management, food processing, quality assurance, environmental sustainability, and agricultural policy, among others.
The Department of Agriculture in South Africa offers learnerships that provide valuable training, knowledge, and skills to individuals interested in working in the agricultural sector.
Through these learnerships, individuals can contribute to food security, innovation, and sustainable practices, while also gaining personal and professional growth opportunities.
Whether one’s interest lies in food technology, sciences, or livestock management, the learnerships offered by the Department of Agriculture pave the way for a rewarding career in the dynamic and essential field of agriculture.


Buy a Bale farmers appeal
All next week we are supporting buy a bale farmers appeal to help the drough stricken farmers of Australia.
5% of your invoice will be donated and we will donate another 5%. This is a cause we strongly believe in and hope we can help. This equates to 10% of each invoice that will help the farmers of Australia
Across Australia there are thousands of farmers who need our help. As Australian’s have done in the past with floods in Queensland, fires in Victoria and South Australia, we have supported those less well off than ourselves.
Farmers in Queensland and Northern NSW need our help to keep their cattle, sheep and horses alive through one of the worst droughts in living history and after the cessation of live cattle exports, no wet season and fires.
Australian farmers are the backbone of our country. For hundreds of years they’ve fed us all. Now they need our support to keep their cattle alive and the food in our stomachs. Australia if you can help by donating we’ll see that they receive the fodder they need and the support to get them through this tough time.
Can you help us with a donation or time, money or a prime mover and trailer and with the team from Buy a Bale, we’ll help our farmers survive this terrible period.


Vague Meadow was about migrating local dandelions from one place to another. Native dandelions at an old croft in Skane were gradually moved to Malmoe during the length of the exhibition, as a way of thinking about migration as well as marginal, vague, and unwanted edibles in our landscapes. The dandelion is an invasive plant that was brought into Scandinavia in the 17th century as a garden plant and then spread wild. The dandelion produces seeds without pollination. The seeds give rise to plants that are basically genetic copies of the mother plant. Vague Meadow was part of Agrikultura, an exhibition of public artworks, installations, meals, performances, urban interventions, and events that took place in Hyllie, Malmoe, in the summer of 2017.


Tea gardens which are members of
«Formosa Taiwan Tea Products»
are located in different parts of the Taiwan island and all the names of these tea regions are tea brands themselves. All the tea is tested for pesticides.
Our range of teas will be expanded right along.
We are ready to send the tea you are interested directly from our Taiwan tea gardens. «Formosa Taiwan Tea Products» can produce the tea according to your taste preferences (fermentation and baking grade etc.).
Discover a wonderful world of the Taiwan tea!


It all started 1987 when Alfredo Mirón arrived at a farm on a highway to Mataquescuintla, in San José Pinula, Guatemala and filled his lungs with the local air. He knew that he had found the site to plant Leatherleaf. He looked for his founding partners Ralph Faircloth and Archie Baldocchi, both of them shared the same values and ideals which got them starting a project that would change lives in the industry for more than 35 years.
Back then, it was just the dream of a businessman who, with the help of his partners, impressive tenacity, hard work and a great desire to do things right, managed to get a few blocks to grow ferns. It would soon grow to a few hectares production site and today, TAK GLOBAL is the world's largest foliage grower around the globe with over 600 hectares, with multiple farms and operations in four different countries.
TAK GLOBAL is well known as a company that has always had at heart, taking care of their employees with fair payment and a dignified treatment. Established since our inception by Mr. Mirón, this has translated into a happy and stable workplace with more than 2,000 employees making up the TAK family.
As a world reference in green foliage with the capacity to produce over 1,000 containers a year, TAK GLOBAL is committed to keep providing it´s employees the opportunity to grow, to strive for innovation and have the highest quality standards to be the best ally for the floral industry.


Effect of Global Food Price Hikes One of the most important things which people need is food.
Most of the food that we consume came from plants. Plants need the help of both water and light in order to process photosynthesis which then convert these materials to energy and make the plants grow and produce fruits and vegetables. But this year, most of the countries experiences long hot summer. This means that the supply of water will be limited and there will be too much sunlight. These would greatly affect the production of crops. In this manner, farmers will be able to harvest smaller portion of what they have planted. In basic economy, the lesser the supply of crops, the higher the demand of food, means that price of those crops will surely soar high.
If there will be an increased in the price of the food then most likely, the one that would be surely affected were those poor people who have no capacity on buying expensive food. Since those people can’t buy their own food, then a lot of people for example those who were in Africa dies from starvation. As we can see, hunger is one of the major problems our world is facing. From this kind of problem another problem will be born such as increase of crime rate.
We are aware of what is climate change; even America has no excuse with this phenomenon. America was known to be the most powerful country and has the largest grain exporters but still they struggles from worst production shortfalls. Fortunately, World Bank made an action by meeting up each country and discuss on making their laws and policies stronger in order to protect those people which made up the country.
Without those people, a country will never be called a country. In addition, World Bank also team up with the United Nations and some non-Government organization. They focus on how the government takes action when global food price hikes. In these manners, sellers, businessmen, and merchants will be able to sell their price with respect to the proper pricing.


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Showing 1 to 10 of 96 results for term "*" .
- Restricted accessPedogenic alteration of illite in subtropical ChinaBy W. Han, H. L. Hong, K. Yin, G. J. Churchman, Z. H. Li and T. ChenEdited by George ChristidisArticle | Published in 2014 in Clay Minerals 49 (3)DOI: 10.1180/claymin.2014.049.3.03W. HanFaculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, ChinaH. L. HongFaculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China Key Laboratory of Geobiology and Environmental Geology, the Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, ChinaK. YinFaculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, ChinaG. J. ChurchmanSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, 5005 AustraliaZ. H. LiGeosciences Department, University of Wisconsin – Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141-2000, USAT. ChenInstitute of Gemology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaGeorge Christidis
- Restricted accessFormation of hydroxy-interlayer vermiculite (HIV) in rhizosphere soils under German camomile cultivation and manure applicationBy Z. Mosleh, M. H. Salehi, M. Rafieiolhossaini and A. MehnatkeshEdited by George ChristidisArticle | Published in 2014 in Clay Minerals 49 (1)DOI: 10.1180/claymin.2014.049.1.06Z. MoslehSoil Science Dept., College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranM. H. SalehiSoil Science Dept., College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranM. RafieiolhossainiAssistant Prof., Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranA. MehnatkeshFaculty Memberof Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Shahrekord, IranGeorge Christidis
- Restricted accessEffect of heating vermiculites on extractability of phosphorus and some essential plant micronutrientsBy E. M. M. Marwa, A. A. Meharg and C. M. RiceEdited by John AdamsArticle | Published in 2012 in Clay Minerals 47 (3)DOI: 10.1180/claymin.2012.047.3.07E. M. M. Marwa1 Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom2 Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, UKA. A. Meharg1 Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, United KingdomC. M. Rice2 Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, UKJohn Adams
- Restricted accessModelling pedogenization of zeolitized tuff: effects of water and phenolic substances on weathering rates of the Campanian Ignimbrite (yellow facies)By E. Grilli, A. Colella, E. Coppola, A. Langella and A. BuondonnoArticle | Published in 2011 in Clay Minerals 46 (2)DOI: 10.1180/claymin.2011.046.2.311E. GrilliA. ColellaE. CoppolaA. LangellaA. Buondonno
- Restricted accessMineralogical characteristics and related surface charge fluctuations of some selected soils of temperate regions of northern IranBy S. Mahboob Sharami, A. Forghani, A. Akbarzadeh and H. RamezanpourArticle | Published in 2010 in Clay Minerals 45 (3)DOI: 10.1180/claymin.2010.045.3.327S. Mahboob SharamiA. ForghaniA. AkbarzadehH. Ramezanpour
- Restricted accessRed soils developed from Quaternary deposits on the Linkuo terrace, northern TaiwanBy Ping Hua Shao, Kai-Shuan Shea, Ming Kuang Wang, Yen Hong Shau, Kai Yin Chiang and Tsung Ming TsaoArticle | Published in 2010 in Clay Minerals 45 (3)DOI: 10.1180/claymin.2010.045.3.371Ping Hua ShaoKai-Shuan SheaMing Kuang WangYen Hong ShauKai Yin ChiangTsung Ming Tsao
- Restricted accessSpatial relationship between clay content and geophysical dataBy D. De Benedetto, A. Castrignanò, D. Sollitto and F. ModugnoArticle | Published in 2010 in Clay Minerals 45 (2)DOI: 10.1180/claymin.2010.045.2.197D. De BenedettoA. CastrignanòD. SollittoF. Modugno
- Restricted accessDetermination of soil aggregate disintegration dynamics using laser diffractionBy A. Bieganowski, M. Ryżak and B. Witkowska-WalczakArticle | Published in 2010 in Clay Minerals 45 (1)DOI: 10.1180/claymin.2010.045.1.23A. BieganowskiM. RyżakB. Witkowska-Walczak
- Restricted accessComparison of the mineralogical effects of an experimental forest fire on a goethite/ferrihydrite soil with a topsoil that contains hematite, maghemite and goethiteBy P. Nørnberg, A. L. Vendelboe, H. P. Gunnlaugsson, J. P. Merrison, K. Finster and S. K JensenArticle | Published in 2009 in Clay Minerals 44 (2)DOI: 10.1180/claymin.2009.044.2.239P. NørnbergA. L. VendelboeH. P. GunnlaugssonJ. P. MerrisonK. FinsterS. K Jensen
- Restricted accessWeathering microenvironments on feldspar surfaces: implications for understanding fluid-mineral reactions in soilsBy M. R. Lee, D. J. Brown, M. E. Hodson, M. MacKenzie and C. L. SmithArticle | Published in 2008 in Mineralogical Magazine 72 (6)DOI: 10.1180/minmag.2008.072.6.1319M. R. LeeD. J. BrownM. E. HodsonM. MacKenzieC. L. Smith


welcome to our adventure.
Hello world! We’re B & M, and Rooting For Sunshine is where we share our journey to sustainable living!
Here in Zone 7 – we’ll be learning how to grow our own delicious food, preserve it, raise poultry for eggs, composting, starting/cooking with sourdough, seed saving, and more!
We hope to inspire others during this new chapter, sharing our victories and failures along the way. Lets learn, grow, celebrate, reflect, and have fun in the process.


₹550.00 (Inclusive of all taxes and Free Shipping)
Shade grown in the heartland of Coorg district, this blended coffee features amongst the best of the regions produce.
A blend of Arabica and Robusta, with two different processing techniques employed, this coffee is distinct in its flavour profile.
(1 Qwid = 1 Rupee)
Strong and Bold, with a body, with notes of citrus, walnuts and dark chocolate. Great lingering after taste.
Most of our produce is single estate, and certified organic. We like to buy the whole invoice to ensure we have a unique produce.
Most of our produce is ethically sourced directly from Rainforest Alliance certified estates across India.
We source directly and ethically, eliminating middlemen and in the process ensuring the fastest crop to cup time.
Our packages are nitro-flushed to sustainably lock-in freshness and arrive at your doorstep in reusable tins and bio-degradable cartons.
Peaberry coffee is a naturally occurring mutation present in arabica and robusta coffee varieties where only one bean develops inside of the coffee cherry instead of two.
Because peaberries are the only seed inside the coffee fruit, they tend to be smaller, rounder, and denser than their two-seeded counterparts. These characteristics can affect how evenly the bean roasts, which can affect the flavour profile. Peaberry lovers and some professional coffee graders also believe that because the single peaberry bean receives all of the nutrients of the coffee fruit rather than sharing with another seed, peaberries can have more caffeine and taste sweeter than other beans as well. They do have a distinct fan club which will settle for none another.
This blend is a carefully curated blend of Arabica and Robusta coffee. It also features two distinct and different processing techniques. The ripe fruit are pulped, handwashed and sundried, while the semi ripe fruit are sundried in-situ and hulled post drying. The resulting blend roasted to a medium /dark level makes for a differentiated, vibrant coffee featuring the high notes of each process.
Carefully roasted to perfection in a state-of-the-art factory in Coorg, this coffee is open to a variety of brews as desired by the coffee aficionado.


They are tiny signaling molecules that play essential roles in many processes in living organisms. However, the precise working of those substances is usually still not known, which is why scientists are always looking out for new methods with which they would be able to investigate them further. Researchers on the Universities of Münster (Germany) and Nanjing (China) have developed such a way for an indispensable messenger substance in plants, called phosphatidic acid.
This lipid takes on different functions within the organism: It influences the flexibility and bending of cell membranes, regulates the metabolism of the plant and furthermore serves as a signaling substance to manage the localization or exercise of proteins. However, researchers haven’t been able to find out which a part of the phosphatidic acid pool within the cell has a purpose for the metabolism and which half serves as a signaling substance. A biosensor developed by German and Chinese scientists has now modified this: By incorporating this sensor into plants, they had been capable of track the activity of the phosphatidic acid spatially and temporally for the first time.
“Our strategy permits us to interpret the dynamics of phosphatidic acid extra exactly, especially in plants under stress,” says co-creator Prof. Jörg Kudla from the University of Münster. A plant is stressed, for example, when exposed to dry or salty soils. The measurements obtained with the new method could result in later assist to breed plants which are more resilient to adverse environmental conditions. The examine was published in the journal Nature Plants.


In 2011 we tasted the first wines of the Cabernet Blanc variety from German vineyards and were immediately delighted with the quality.
The vision was born quickly.
In Valais, a region otherwise known for its intensive cultivation, we want to develop an ecological alternative which is at least as equal to traditional wines.
In addition to the well-known problem of plant protection, there is also the risk in Valais that traditional steep slopes will be abandoned more and more due to the high maintenance and cultivation costs and that viticulture will concentrate only on locations that are easier to cultivate.
With our project we also want to give a future to the sustainable viticulture in the steep slopes planted with vines of top quality.
2019 - June
Swiss organic wine award 2019 - we achieve the 2nd rank in our category white wine PIWI (fungus resistant).
2019 - June
The native bushes planted by "Vogelwarte Sempach" team in April 2019 are showing their first blossoms and are thus helping to promote biodiversity (more information see "Biodiversity" and "News/Promotions").
2019 - May
The third shot is bottled and available.
Ideal balance between acidity and residual sugar, yellow, exotic fruits and a very long finish.
For the first time also in a quantity which should cover the high demand.
2018 - September
The harvest has arrived and it promises to be a very good vintage in terms of quality.
Available from approx. mai 2019
2018 - May
The Shot No 02 is available but in a few quantity.
The first vintage with Bio-Suisse "conversion".
A beautiful vintage with good acidity and expressive aroma.
2017 - November
Bio Suisse certified
2017 - August
Early harvest in early September and less yield than in 2016 due to difficult conditions in spring (frost).
Our first vintage Shot No 01 is vinified by Nicolas Zufferey and we go on the market
(wine description see wines/prices/conditions).
The first harvest takes place, but we do not commercialize it.n
We graft a younger plant from Fendant to Cabernet Blanc.
95% of the vines sprout with the new variety!
A second "wave" followed, including replanting of the young plants damaged by the large amounts of snow at the end of 2012.
The first plants are planted in part of the freshly terraced vineyard.
We purchase a vineyard, remove the old Pinot Noir vines and terraced the area.


For more information Contact Us Today! (503) 648-3900
Pacific Landscape Management is an Award Winning,
Commercial Maintenance and Renovation Company.
Quality landscaping is reliant on irrigation to maintain health and vigor. Although a healthy landscape has a profoundly positive impact on the environment, meeting the irrigation requirements is also taxing on the precious water resources or our region. To complicate matters, the Northwest is actually one of the driest regions of the country during the summer despite our rainy reputation. Healthy landscapes need irrigation to survive here in the Northwest.
The first step is to ensure your system is operating at its peak performance. Our staff of trained irrigation technicians is skilled in all levels of irrigation repair and maintenance. In addition, irrigation technology has dramatically improved over the past 20 years with better sprinklers, drip irrigation and more sophisticated controllers.
Contact Pacific Landscape Management today to discuss how we can save you time while providing much lower maintenance and increased water efficiency.


Since the day we started Purpose Coffee, it has been our goal to use every single purchase to give back and invest in the same regions where our coffee comes from. The company was birthed out of a passion for rescuing and caring for orphans, and has grown into an unwavering commitment to investing in child wellness in impoverished communities around the globe.
A key part of this commitment is sustainability. Instead of investing in one-time, band-aid fixes, we want to invest in projects, institutions, and ideas that will continue beyond our investment, with a return for years to come.
One way that has emerged is by giving Children’s Homes, schools, or families new avenues of income so that they can more easily sustain themselves and rely less on donations and charity. Through our work, we hope to shift the charitable lens from a focus on short-term, immediate needs to a focus on establishing long-term solutions that end cycles of poverty.
Rice Farming in Thailand
One of our very first projects we invested in was providing farm equipment to an orphanage in Thailand. With the new tractor, they are able to save the cost of renting the equipment, while also more efficiently farming their rice fields and providing custom farming services for a fee to neighboring farmers.
Coffee Processing in Thailand
This past September, we purchased a coffee processor for another Children’s Home in Thailand. To date, it has been used to process over 2,000 kilos of coffee beans to be sold locally. On the ground Missionary, John, reports that in addition to providing income for the Home, all of the 35 children at Samuel’s Home have taken a keen interest in the process and have enjoyed learning about the coffee trade also!
Fruit Trees in Uganda
And now we are excited to announce a new partnership for creating sustainable income – the Our Trees Our Future Initiative in Uganda. Long-time missionaries and now farmers, Nick and Cheryl DeKoning, are working to change the poverty mindset throughout rural Uganda, with a special focus on future generations. Their Our Trees Our Future initiative provides families, schools, hospitals, and places of worship with fruit and indigenous trees (including coffee plants!), as well as training to care for the trees and take the fruit to market, in order to create income streams for years to come.
Through our partnership with the DeKonings, and with the proceeds from our online coffee sales and merchandise, we plan to provide trees to a Ugandan school so that they can increase their revenue, while also educating their students about farming the trees and the importance of income generation.
To get involved with these efforts, be sure to designate Africa as the Project when you checkout online. (Visit our online store, here.) Additionally, if you would like to donate directly to the program, please click here.


|Agriculture Commissioner of West Virginia|
|Assumed office |
January 16, 2017
|Preceded by||Walt Helmick|
|Member of the West Virginia Senate|
from the 2nd district
December 1, 2014 – January 16, 2017
|Preceded by||Larry J. Edgell|
|Succeeded by||Charles H. Clements|
|Born||April 2, 1954(age 68)|
Kent Leonhardt (born April 2, 1954) is the West Virginia Commissioner of Agriculture, having been elected in November 2016, he took office January 2017. He is a member of the United States Republican Party.
Leohardt is a farmer operating a 380-acre farm in western Monongalia County, West Virginia. He raises sheep, cattle, goats and hay. He formerly served in the West Virginia State Senate for the 2nd district. He is retired from the United States Marine Corps as a lieutenant colonel. He holds a degree in wildlife management from the University of Missouri and an MBA from Central Michigan University.
|West Virginia Commissioner of Agriculture Election, 2012|
|West Virginia Senate 2nd District Election, 2014|
|Democratic||Larry J. Edgell (inc.)||12,358||47.40|
|West Virginia Commissioner of Agriculture Election, 2016|
|Democratic||Walt Helmick (inc.)||274,191||41.28|
|Libertarian||Buddy A. Guthrie||68,502||10.31|
- <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"About Kent Leonhardt | Kent Leonhardt for West Virginia". Leonhardtforwvagriculture.com. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2017-03-28.
|Agriculture Commissioner of West Virginia
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|


About McIntyre Turf & Construction
“I’ve spent the last 50 years trying to kill Bermuda grass, now we’re trying to grow it.”
Garland McIntyre, Sr., our patriarch, farmed the 1,000 acres at McIntyre Farms from the 1950’s. Crops included tobacco, corn, soybeans, peanuts, and timber. But it didn’t include the unwanted grasses that could hurt crop yields.
That all changed in 1999, when Steve McIntyre, Chris McIntyre, and family partner Burt Bynum suggested we enter the commercial turf market. This was a huge departure from row crop farming – from equipment to farming practices to marketing our products. Significant expenditures were made to change equipment, install pivot irrigation, and purchase over-the-road semi trucks.
Since its formation, McIntyre Turf has provided the highest quality sod to golf courses (including Sea Island courses and Augusta National Golf Club), athletic fields, commercial projects, and thousands of family homes.
Burt handles day-to-day farm operations drawing on over twenty years experience in the turf business. He also has a Turfgrass Management degree from the University of Georgia.
McIntyre Turf operates a fleet of Volvo trucks and trailers with Princeton Loaders. This ensures prompt delivery and friendly service from our employees.
Our farms are located in the temperate climate of south-central Georgia. We are proud to serve the State of Georgia and north Florida with lush, healthy turf and personal service.
When you call McIntyre Turf, you will deal with one of the owners that will treat you like family. After all, our family has been a steward of this land for over 50 years. We’re betting our name on your satisfaction.


At Nutiva we grind fresh, whole chia seeds to make them more convenient for you to use. These tiny but mighty seeds are packed with vital nutrition that can enhance many recipes. If you’ve only heard of chia seeds from those chia pets that are sold on late-night TV, you’re in for a surprise when you learn that these small, crunchy, gluten-free seeds are a rich source of protein, beneficial antioxidants, essential omega-3 fatty acids and fiber. A traditional South American crop, chia seed (Latin name Salvia hispanica L.) has been used for thousands of years. In fact, archeological evidence indicates that humans have been using chia as early as 3500 BCE! Making a comeback in healthy diets, these super seeds are an excellent source of essential minerals such as phosphorous, manganese, calcium, sodium and potassium.