Hendricks Power uses herbicides to manage vegetation along overhead conductor corridors that has the potential to grow too close to the lines, causing unsafe and unreliable electric service. Read more below on basics of herbicides and how we use them.
Herbicides enable control of the entire plant and often only require one application every few years. This eliminates the need for much more frequent mechanical treatments, like tree trimming and mowing - meaning you’ll see our crews less often. Research has shown that herbicide used on rights-of-
ways can create optimum wildlife habitats while promoting low-growing plant communities.
We evaluate sites prior to conducting vegetation management operations - ensuring that the right mechanical tool or herbicide product is used. We spot spray brush when possible to preserve desirable plants, and practice precision herbicide application techniques by using buffer zones between treatment areas and your property. The result is power lines and rights-of-ways that are clear of hazardous vegetation with minimal, if any, effect on adjacent or nearby properties.
We only apply herbicide products that have been approved for use on utility rights-of-ways by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. All herbicides used on our rights-of-ways are applied by Indiana State Certified Applicators.
Learn more about our Vegetation Management department, and how you can help!
WOOD CHIP REQUEST
Hendricks Power will deliver wood chips accumulated during the normal course of right-of-way clearing to any member requesting them (when available). Please read the information below, and complete the request form.
Wood chips are a by-product of our maintenance line clearance tree trimming work. Desired delivery sites must be clearly marked. The site must be easily accessible for a large truck. Hendricks Power may refuse to deliver the wood chips if it feels the conditions at the site may jeopardize the safety of employees, the general public, or cooperative equipment.
Once the chips have been delivered to the specified site, it will become the responsibility of the member making the request to redistribute the wood chips. Hendricks Power makes no guarantee to the quality, load size, type of condition of wood chips available.
Please note: Every attempt will be made to accommodate your request BUT Hendricks Power cannot guarantee time, date or delivery of wood chips.
- Average size load contains approximately 12 cubic yards, which is about 3.5' high x 8 'wide x 12' long.
- The mulch is full of green leaves and is in a compost stage from about April - October.
- Green mulch takes approximately 4-6 weeks to deteriorate. Using mulch in the green state may severely damage garden plants and shrubs because it is in a compost stage.
- During warm weather, green mulch may attract stinging insects.
- During the deterioration process, the mulch may have a strong odor like rotting grass or leaves. It can become extremely hot and may ignite due to spontaneous combustion.
- The mulch will kill grass under it, and stain a driveway.
- The mulch will probably contain stringy material such as small sticks.
- Do not burn wood mulch in any wood-burning stove, fireplace, furnace, etc.
- The mulch will mold and mushrooms may be present.
- Children should not play in the mulch.


Near the community house at Frostpocket was a clearing that was used by loggers to store their equipment and the cut logs. In 1970 a few rotten logs lay in and around the clearing. The clearing had been used as a potato and hay field for many years and was free of stumps and rocks. In 1971 the new owners picked the clearing as the site for the community’s garden.
The following description of the community garden was a class assignment written by Colleen Mullins after she enrolled in Austin Community College in Austin, Texas. It refers to the community garden at Frostpocket. It is reprinted here with her permission.
“In a supermarket in deep-east Texas, I overheard two women shoppers talking. One asked the other how her garden was coming. The lady breathed a very audible sign and said she was glad to report that she had pulled up the last of her plants and was done with that job for the year. The first woman agreed with her, adding that it was so good to be finished with the canning and freezing and just wonderful to be able to look out of her kitchen window and see a nice, neat garden plot again.
I was surprised and yet relieved by this conversation. It explained to me why more and more of my vegetables were giving up the ghost and succumbing to the intense heat. It was mid-July and my first year gardening in the Deep South. In Ontario, where I’ve gardened for ten years, our produce would just be starting to come into the house. Peas, lettuce, spinach, summer turnips and Swiss chard would just be getting big enough to eat in the early weeks of July. Soon afterward we’d be eating tomatoes and sweet corn and summer squash and green beans.
In Texas we planted peas and potatoes in January, ate fresh lettuce and carrots all winter long and put corn in the freezer in May. The cucumber vines dried and turned brown in June. By mid-July the tomato plants looked totally dead after bearing abundantly for two months. It is too hot and dry in July to think about putting any seeds in the ground but my neighbors assure me that in another month or so we’ll get enough rain to plant a second garden.
I’m continually amazed at the differences between my two gardening experiences: one in Texas’ Big Thicket, characterized by long, hot and humid summers, and the other a few miles from North Bay, Ontario, on 100-acres of land we always jokingly referred to as Frostpocket. North Bay is considered to be in southern Ontario and has weather similar to northern Wisconsin and parts of New England. It is 1,500 miles straight north of Texas and the climates are as different as day and night.
In Ontario we have barely three months of frost-free nights. Very long days gave us plenty of time to grow food most years though we do remember some wet, cool Augusts when nothing would mature. Once we got only a six-quart basket of tomatoes from a 50-foot row of plants. We followed our neighbors’ advice and planted the tender seeds and set out bedding plants after the full moon in June because often the last hard frost of the winter came on the night of the full moon in June. The first frost of the fall usually came near the beginning of September and it, too, was likely to coincide with a full moon.
In both east Texas and Ontario we gardened in acid sandy soil. In Ontario, we never lacked compost materials: manure, old hay, leaves, weeds and sawdust. Because of the cold, our compost took much longer than we expected to become black and fertile. Our neighbors laughed at our first garden in Frostpocket. We made beautiful wooden signs telling which row were cabbages and which was planted in beans. The signs were almost the only way anyone could tell what we had planted. We had tiny little sickly-yellow plants and marble-sized beets that first year. The soil texture improved considerable after we spread crushed limestone and compost in the garden area. The second year we had a good harvest and the third year we were overrun by produce.
Our Texas neighbors have never heard of compost. The gardeners burn their leaves while complaining that the soil is “plumb wore out”. My 70-year old widowed neighbor observed us raking leaves and asked why we didn’t burn them. We told her we were digging them into the garden and she approved, saying that leaves were good fertilizer. Even though she had heard of the idea, she doesn’t do it. It is too messy, she says. Most of the people use 10-10-10 fertilizer and water everyday. They even burn weeds rather than allowing them to dry and then digging them into the garden soil.
Despite our efforts we were never able to grow, in our Ontario garden, certain vegetables that we liked, probably due to the cold nights. We love peppers of all kinds but were reduced to buying them when our plants would not set fruit. Okra made beautiful flowers but no pods. Tomatoes were almost not worth the trouble of protecting them from the cold nights all summer. We grew a few tomatoes for salads but I ended up buying them in bushel baskets from growers further south. We were, however, able to enjoy snap peas, lettuce, greens, cabbage, carrots, radishes, turnips and zucchini all summer long and the surrounding country-side was dotted with apples tress that had been planted by settlers of previous generations.”


·Chemical name: 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(2-propynyloxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one
·CAS No.: 39807-15-3
·Molecular formula: C15H14Cl2N2O3
·Molecular weight: 341.19
·Appearance: cream-coloured odorless powder
· Acetone insolubles : ≤0.5％
·Acidity (as H2SO4) : ≤0.3％
·Uses:High efficient broad-spectrum paddy herbicide, Have a good control effect on the annual gramineae, cyperaceae, broadleaf Weeds and certain perennial Weeds. malignant Weeds four Ye Ping. Mainly used for Rice, potato, sunflower, vegetables, sugar beets, orchard etc before seedling control broadleaf Weeds, such as abutilon, xanthium sibiricum, duck tongue grass, Weeds (fagopyrum esculentum), black nightshade, such as bitter radicchio dishes, gramineous Weeds, weed, thousand gold, digitaria, eleusine indica, cyperaceae Weeds, etc.


Please Read the following from Emmanuel Akintola, at Wipe Our Tears Sierra Leone:
COMMUNITIES ACTIVITIES FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT .MAPAKI, MAPAKI CHIEFDOM BOMBALI DISTRICT SIERRA LEONE WEST AFRICA
Our organization is registered with “Ministry of Social Welfare, Gender and Children Affairs”, and registered with “Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Food Security” since the year 2014, in order solve the problem of: food insecurity, food shortage, and to fight Hunger, Poverty and starvation. We also work with local farmers, to improve agronomic practices among our local farmers and introduction of high yielding crop varieties as a means to combat food shortage, We also empowers men and women farmers so that they will be able to stand on their own feet. We also provide loans , fertilizers, rice seed, and fund the small scale farmers to process and market their products .
RICE AND CASSAVA CULTIVATION
Rice and cassava is Sierra Leone staple food, and has added value to our Gross Domestic Product. In fact Sierra Leone exports rice and cassava to neighboring nations in West Africa. For the last 20 years we import rice which cost our Government $200 million yearly. This is due to neglect of agriculture and now we are experiencing food shortage in Sierra Leone as a result of this. Our organization has decided to embark on large mechanized farming to feed the nation. A total of 60 acres of land has been acquired for rice cultivation and 10 acres of land for planting cassava in our communities. Mapaki land is the best soil in Sierra Leone; Sierra Leone also has the highest Rainfall in West Africa. Our ministry has decided to empower our farmers in modern techniques of farming that will lead to bumper harvests and alleviate poverty and hunger.
We therefore call on organizations, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs),ministries, and international communities to FUND AND SPONSOR THIS LAUDABLE PROJECT IN SIERRA LEONE.
Leran more about our ministry here, or conact Emmanuel Akintola, National Coordinator Communities’ Activities for Rural Development, Wipe Our Tears Sierra Leone
Email –emmanuel..firstname.lastname@example.org tel. 00232 77401026


We moved into our new home in April 2016 at 1057 Hillcrest Road, Ridgewood, NJ and the kids and the organic garden are thriving! We are grateful to our families for their continued support and commitment to living a healthy-lifestyle.
We are excited to welcome you to our new home at 1057 Hillcrest Road, Ridgewood, NJ located within the Irene Habernickel Family Park, formerly a beautiful horse farm. The Barn doors opened in April 2016. Our new facility has a demonstration teaching kitchen, expansive classroom space and a thriving organic vegetable garden. Please contact 201-444-2955 if you have specific questions.
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Biologists have developed a powerful new tool for controlling plants using pulsed light.
Plants have microscopic small pores on the leaf surface, stomata. With their help, they regulate the flow of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. They also use stomata to prevent too much water loss and wilting during drought.
The stomatal pores are surrounded by two guard cells. If the internal pressure of these cells drops, they relax and close the pores. When the pressure rises, the cells move apart and the pores expand.
Thus, stomatal movements are regulated by guard cells. The signaling pathways in these cells are so complex that people find it difficult to directly interfere with them. However, researchers at the Julius Maximilian University (JMU) of Würzburg in Bavaria, Germany have nevertheless found a way to control stomatal movements remotely – using pulses of light.
Researchers have inserted a light-sensitive switch into the guard cells of tobacco plants. This technology has been borrowed from optogenetics. It has been used successfully in animal cells, but its use in plant cells is still in its infancy.
The scientists used a light-sensitive protein from Guillardia theta algae as a light switch – namely the anionic channel ACR1 from the channel rhodopsin group. In response to the light pulses, the switch ensures that chloride flows out of the closing cells and potassium is supplied. The protective cells lose their internal pressure, relax, and the pores close within 15 minutes. “The light pulse is like a remote control of stomatal movement,” the study authors note.
Exposure to light almost completely prevented the transpiration of the plants.


Britain’s MI5 has always maintained that the UK is just four meals from anarchy. So with fractured supply chains, rising costs and failing agricultural policy, how worried should the Brits, who are net importers of food, be about our national food security?
Host, Ross Ashcroft, met up with Agricultural analyst, Michael Raw to discuss.
One of the primary objectives of any government is to feed its people. But geopolitical events over recent months highlight the fact that many governments in countries who are dependent on food imports have lost sight of their responsibilities.
Food security, particularly for a net importer like the UK, is a serious but often overlooked issue. There is an expectation that the rest of the world will continue to export food to the UK.
But the reality is many food exporting countries are putting controls on their exports and rationing demand. In other words, the world is entering a new era of protectionism.
Michael Raw highlights, for example, that Indonesia is controlling the export of its palm oil and Argentina is putting controls on the export of soya. In addition, wheat prices recently hit record highs in response to the Russia/Ukraine conflict. This is happening against a backdrop in which Russia/Ukraine contribute a quarter of all the world’s wheat.
”The exports from the Black Sea have just come to a dead stop. So Turkey, Egypt and the North African countries have lost their supply, and they’re now searching the world to replace that”, says Raw.
The UK is less self-sufficient than many other countries and is therefore more vulnerable to the effects of protectionism than is, for example, a net exporting and more self-sufficient nation like the Netherlands.
The UK is reliant on imported food in the context of inelastic demand which would suggest that the country is particularly vulnerable to any drastic changes in supply.
Raw explains the mechanism:
”Inelastic demand means the demand curve is virtually straight up and down. You are not going to eat a different quantity of food next week to what you ate last week. So the quantity of food demanded does not really change. But if the supply changes, the effect on price is quite dramatic.”
Raw gives some concrete examples of how this mechanism works in practice:
”If you over-supply a market for a particular product by say three percent”, says Raw, ”you won’t get just a three percent fall in price but a 12 percent fall. If you over-supply that market by five percent, you will get a 20 percent fall in price. If you over-supply that market by 10 percent, you’ll get a 50 percent fall in price.”
Crystallizing the notion that a supply chain collapse in the UK is a realistic prospect is highlighted by Raw’s contention that the reverse is also true:
”If we under-supply a market by five percent, you’re going to get a 20 percent leap in price. If we under-supply by 10 percent, the price is going to double. This is the effect of inelastic demand”, says Raw.
There is an historical precedent for this. Raw highlights, for example, that food shortages which led to widespread rationing at the end of the Second World War was a direct consequence of inelastic demand.
There are legitimate reasons to believe that unlike during the latter post-war period, the current government will ignore all requests to subsidize UK farmers. Raw points out that the UK has neither a Ministry of Agriculture, marketing boards nor deficiency payment schemes in place.
The role of these public bodies after the war was to not only provide a guarantee to farmers, but also to ensure the over-supply of markets. Thus, the government strategy at that time was to hedge against food shortages and to ensure prices remained relatively stable. This meant more scope for discretionary spending in other areas of the economy which allowed for greater growth.
But the problem today is that neoliberalism does not offer any protection against the consequences of inelastic demand. Without a hedge in place and government intervention to ensure food security, coupled with the fact that the UK is a net importer of food, means that food prices are likely to ratchet-up very quickly.
Raw emphasizes that there is nothing inevitable about this eventuality but rather argues it comes down to political will. He says that although farmers have been shouting about food security for many years, their voices have fallen on deaf ears by a succession of Secretaries of Agriculture.
The analyst adds that we are heading for a crunch point which could result not only in rising prices but also in empty supermarket shelves and long queues.
Raw says that rising food prices reflect the rapid ratcheting-up of fertilizer costs:
”Two years ago, a tonne of ordinary fertilizer bought in the autumn cost £180 a tonne. The price today is £650 a tonne, heading for over 700. Quotes for next spring and for next year’s harvest are a thousand pounds a tonne.”
These rises have already fed through to milk production which is analogous to wider agricultural trends whether it be beef, wheat or barley.
Raw explains how the demarcation line between the mouth of the River Tees around Middlesbrough and the mouth of the River Exe at Exmouth is indicative of current farming trends in the UK. To the north-west of the Exe is mostly livestock production. To the south-east of that line is largely arable production.
The arable producing area of the country is faced with a fertilizer problem. Farmers rely on fertilizer to grow crops to feed their cattle. The rising cost of the fertilizer including potash – a third of which comes from Russia/Ukraine – is proving to be problematic for many of these farmers, not least because it probably means a mass shortage of that product for the foreseeable future.
Without access to the raw materials to maintain crops, farmers who plan for their crops five years ahead are looking at the availability of fertilizer, how affordable it is and whether they are able to adjust their cropping accordingly.
Raw has expressed serious concerns about how the rise in the fertilizer price will have negative knock-on effects for the livestock areas in the north and west of the country. Raw says that the price of ammonium nitrate fertilizer which boosts the supply of grass that feeds the animals is now prohibitive for many farmers.
Inevitably, this will hit the supermarket consumer in the pocket. Raw says the first thing to happen will be that food will disappear from the shelves. Secondly, he says that there will be long queues outside supermarkets.
Having highlighted the prohibitive cost of converting animal feed into beef, the analyst doesn’t discount the possibility that rationing could become a feature in the UK in the not too distant future.
The problem is the UK government doesn’t have the foresight to recognize that the introduction of subsidies will help address this imminent crisis. Rather than utilizing land for the production of food, the government appear to be more concerned about continuing down the rewilding path.
The fact that the UK Minister of Agriculture has been replaced by a Department of Agriculture under the guise of DEFRA, is indicative of the political indifference the UK political establishment has towards the agricultural sector.
Successive UK governments from the early 1950s onward appear to have forgotten that the environment also encompasses human beings. Having effectively been left out to dry by politicians, UK farmers – through the NFU – continue to impress upon the government their responsibility to ensure food security in the UK.
Raw stresses the need for the state to start supporting agricultural production again as it did in the post-war period by creating incentives to over-supply the market. The alternative is that hungry people will take to the streets.
Raw says that the government needs to heed to the demands of the farmers by enabling them to produce food for the British people. But the analyst is also cognizant of the fact that this will only happen if the people mobilize in sufficient enough numbers to force the governments hand when the crisis hits.
Why is the ability to call a home your own becoming the privilege of the few as opposed to the right of the many?
What if the racism and inequality that America faces today are not accidental but actually happened by design?
Today, Australians are world champions in private debt, the country presides over a massive housing affordability crisis, and inequality rages. What went wrong down under?


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start building your dream greenhouse
Greenhouses are 7′ wide and available in three lengths: 8′, 12′, and 16′. Kits and Premium packages can be customized with extra hanging rods and shelves, vents and dutch doors.
DIYers might like a greenhouse kit, which (with provided instructions and tutorials) you can assemble, yourself. If a done-for-you approach is more your speed, you might opt for one of our premium options, which include delivery and professional assembly.
for the DIYer
for those who want it done for them
add extras your existing greenhouse
12-Foot Greenhouse RodFrom $66.00
12-Foot Greenhouse ShelfFrom $234.00
16-Foot Greenhouse RodFrom $86.00
16-Foot Greenhouse ShelfFrom $304.00
8-Foot Greenhouse Rod$44.00
8-Foot Greenhouse Shelf$151.00
Greenhouse Dutch Doors – Extra setFrom $420.00
110V Greenhouse Fan (upgrade)From $288.00
Solar Greenhouse Gable Fan (upgrade)From $175.00


California’s rural areas, known for their breathtaking landscapes and agricultural prowess, are on the cusp of a transformative era. This article delves into the multifaceted approach towards economic development in these regions, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. From technological advancements to infrastructural enhancements, we explore the pivotal factors shaping the future of California’s countryside.
The Current State of Rural California: Challenges and Potential
Despite their significant contributions to the state’s economy, rural areas in California often face unique challenges. These regions, characterized by lower population densities, have historically struggled with limited access to essential services and infrastructural deficiencies. However, the potential for growth is immense. Rich in natural resources and cultural heritage, these areas offer a fertile ground for sustainable development initiatives. For instance, agri-tourism and renewable energy projects present lucrative opportunities that align with environmental conservation efforts. Furthermore, rural communities’ resilience and entrepreneurial spirit set the stage for innovative economic strategies.
Bridging the Digital Divide
One of the most pressing issues in rural California is the digital divide. High-speed internet access is a convenience and a necessity for economic growth. Many areas still lack reliable internet, hindering education, healthcare, and business opportunities. Addressing this requires collaboration between government, private internet providers, and community leaders. Efforts are underway to expand broadband infrastructure, ensuring that rural businesses can compete in the global market, students have access to online learning, and healthcare services can implement telemedicine. This digital integration is a significant step towards leveling the playing field for rural communities.
Agriculture, the backbone of rural California’s economy, is undergoing a transformation. The shift towards sustainable and organic farming practices meets the growing demand for healthy, locally sourced produce and opens up new markets. Innovations in agricultural technology, such as precision farming and water-efficient irrigation systems, are increasing crop yields while reducing environmental impacts. Additionally, value-added agriculture, where farmers diversify their revenue streams through activities like agri-tourism, has shown promise in boosting the local economy and creating jobs.
A Path to Economic and Environmental Sustainability
Rural California is uniquely positioned to lead in the renewable energy sector. With vast lands and favorable climates, these areas are ideal for solar and wind energy projects. Such initiatives provide an alternative income source for landowners and create jobs in installation, maintenance, and administration. Renewable energy projects contribute to California’s ambitious climate goals, reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The growth of this sector represents a harmonious blend of economic development and environmental stewardship.
Community Health and Well-being
The health and well-being of residents are fundamental to economic development. Access to quality healthcare can be challenging in rural areas, impacting the workforce’s productivity and longevity. Improving healthcare facilities, expanding telehealth services, and focusing on preventative care is key. Moreover, community well-being, encompassing everything from safe housing to recreational facilities, attracts new residents and retains the existing population. A healthy, happy community is more productive and is an essential ingredient in building a robust local economy.
The economic development of rural California is a multifaceted endeavor, requiring coordinated efforts across various sectors. By bridging the digital divide, revitalizing agriculture, enhancing infrastructure, embracing renewable energy, investing in education and workforce development, and prioritizing community health, these areas can experience significant growth. The future of rural California is not just about overcoming challenges but seizing opportunities to create a sustainable, vibrant, and inclusive economy. As these initiatives gain momentum, rural California stands on the brink of an exciting new chapter, promising prosperity for generations to come.
Copyright © 2024 California Business Journal. All Rights Reserved.


Hands down, the best nursery and garden store in Cheyenne, Wyoming is the one-of-a-kind YART. YART has a full nursery of flowers, houseplants, fruits, and vegetables, and fruit tress! Whether you are looking for seeds, seedlings, container plants of full trees, YART is the nursery and garden store you want to visit in Cheyenne, Wyoming. Visitors can peacefully meander through the Cheyenne sanctuary of gardens, greenhouses, and a full nursery, and when they have had their fill, they can stroll inside to the garden store, which carries not only gardening supplies, but also showcases indoor garden-themed art and outdoor art for the garden. Nearly the entire store is stocked with eco-friendly decor and gardening supplies and gallery-quality garden-themed art like none you’ll find outside of Cheyenne, Wyoming.
The inventory of this nursery and garden store in Cheyenne, Wyoming is so beautiful as to be almost spiritual, but the artists, location, owners, and staff make YART even more impressive. YART proudly represents over fifty local artists from Cheyenne and Wyoming, and they are located in a historical renovated hacienda with a rich history and beautiful gardens. So much more than a garden store and nursery, YART has a special place in the hearts of Cheyenne, Wyoming. (Even Julia Roberts has shopped there!)
The eclectic inventory of YART’s garden store and nursery is matched only by the eclectic backgrounds of YART’s people. The owners of the YART garden store and nursery in Cheyenne, Wyoming are both gardening women who live off-the-grid just outside Cheyenne. YART’s employees are comprised of artists, psychics, dog-lovers, single moms, and much more. The people of YART are genuine and friendly, helpful and knowledgeable, and you will come away with the best customer service experience of your life!
In addition to their top-notch garden store and nursery, YART also sends out a widely acclaimed monthly newsletter that features monthly garden and nursery tips, a unique calendar of events, a charming advice column called “Dear Soup” (Soup is one of the owner’s dogs), links to good news and wellness on the web, gardening videos, poetry, humor, and stunning photography. The newsletter for the YART garden store and nursery can be found at http://www.Cheyennegardenstyle.com/page/our-newsletter.
YART is also on the web, for those gardeners who can’t get to this lovely garden store and nursery in Cheyenne, Wyoming. Their main page is http://www.Cheyennegardenstyle.com and you can visit their online store under the “Home Store” and “Garden Store” tabs. Take time to explore the full site-it will be worth the time of all who love gardens, art, and beauty.
YART isYART is located at1325 Merchant Road in Cheyenne, Wyoming, a bit south of the Gusdorf-Cañon roundabout. The garden store and nursery are open Wednesday through Monday from 10:00am until 5:30pm. YART is closed on Tuesdays. Feel free to call and talk to the amazing people at YART in Cheyenne, Wyoming by calling [575) 737-YART or email them at yartinfo@Cheyennegardenstyle.com.


The plumbago White plant (Plumbago auriculata), also known as the Cape plumbago or sky flower, is actually a shrub and in its natural surroundings can grow 6 to 10 feet (2-3 m.) tall with a spread of 8 to 10 feet (2.5-3 m.). It is native to South Africa and knowing this provides the first clue to how to grow plumbago, along with where to grow one. Plumbago thrives in the South African heat and in the United States it is found growing year-round in the southernmost parts of Texas and Florida. Plumbago plants are sprawling shrubs with branches that resemble vines. It is prized for the profusion of blue phlox-like flowers it produces for extended periods of time. It has few pests and diseases are rare. Two additional bonuses are its deer resistance and, once established, these easy-growing shrubs also tolerate drought.


In 2021 we held many meetings with community and with the building officials on Napa County to consider all options for the future of the Land. We have decided to move slowly and keep listening for guidance as a clear vision begins to emerge from the Land before making any major commitment to rebuild. We have improved the road all the way to the new Land past the original Mother Center site which required the clearing of hundreds of dead trees and the grading and rebuilding of the road. We have begun to look into the natural springs on the New Land and are investigating what would be needed for the infrastructure to supply water to all of the lots on the New Land.
Our intention is to continue to explore options for a new creation that could emerge at the Land. We are actively working with the local community and other beloveds outside the area to cultivate and water the seeds of what this Land can offer our community. We are being guided by all that we have gathered regarding Sidi’s vision for the Land, the needs of the local community near Pope Valley, CA, as well as the needs of our greater North American community, and the inspirations of those who are drawn to the Land. We are not sure how this will all unfold but we have great hope that something organic will begin to emerge. Something new that carries light and hope and love. We trust that the Land itself and the hearts of beloveds will eventually open and the way forward will begin to emerge. Until then, SSC will be making very carful and thoughtful baby steps as we listen and respond as best we can, insha’allah.
We are working closely with Sa’id Bin Yunus, Hadi Osbourne, Hakima Naimer, Yunus and Sabura Tierney as they all have a vested interest in the future of the Land. Permaculture options are being explored, as well as housing options to help this small community start fresh. Eventually, this group may form a separate non-profit and insha’allah, someday may build a masjid and a place for zawiyah at the Land.
Look for announcements of our next Land sohbet meeting with community and join us as we keep looking for guidance and the fresh shoots of hope for the Land.


It’s citrus season in Florida! I love walking into the produce market and seeing those perfect pyramids of pink and red grapefruits, tangerines, lemons, limes, clementines, oranges, tangelos and pomelos. The other day I was lucky enough to get my hands on a new harvest of Florida heirloom tomatoes and avocados too, and when I got home and unpacked everything I was really inspired by how pretty the green avocados, orange tangelos and reddish-purple-green tomatoes looked together on the counter.
So I put them all together to make this fantastic salad.
I typically buy haas avocados because I love how creamy they are, but always opt for Florida avocados when/if I can get my hands on some good ones. They’re bigger, brighter green and slightly less rich than the haas, which is a nice change. I think they fall somewhere between the large California avocadoes (which tend to be watery and lighter) and the haas.
Okay, so this salad is super easy to throw together.
First, I removed the tangelo skin with a knife, getting as much white rind off as possible, and then sliced it into discs. The dressing is made up of lemon juice, apple cider vinegar, shallots, tarragon, olive oil, salt and pepper.
I tossed everything (except the citrus) in the vinaigrette, some Romano cheese and red pepper flakes, and then placed it atop the sliced tangelo.
The combination of the fresh herbs and tangy heirloom tomatoes & citrus with the creamy avocado and vinaigrette is pretty darn extraordinary. Rich, yet refreshing.
If you can’t find tangelos, substitute with oranges…same goes for the avocado – a haas will just fine!
RecipePrep time: 15 minutes. Naval oranges are a good substitute for tangelos (which tend to be waterier and less acidic that oranges). And any other variety of avocado will work fine. Recipe serves two.
- 5-6 small (golfball size) heirloom tomatoes, slightly under ripe
- 2 tangelos
- 1 avocado
- Handful of fresh, flat leaf parsley
- Juice from one lemon
- Coarse sea salt
- Cracked black pepper
- 3 tablespoons olive oil
- 2 tablespoons apple cider vinegar
- 2 tablespoons water
- Pinch dried tarragon
- Pinch red pepper flakes
- Some grated Romano cheese
- Remove tangelo peel with knife, getting as much of orange rind off as possible without damaging fruit. Slice into about 4 discs per fruit. Arrange slices on a plate and set aside.
- Chop parsley, slice avocado and cut tomatoes into quarters or halves, depending on size. Place in large mixing bowl and set aside.
- Combine olive oil, apple cider vinegar, about 1/4 teaspoon salt, some cracked black pepper, pinch of tarragon, lemon juice and water in a lidded vessel and shake vigorously until well combined. Pour dressing over veggies in bowl; add Romano cheese and a pinch of red pepper flakes and toss until evenly coated.
- Pile contents of bowl atop sliced fruit and top with an additional sprinkle of sea salt.


Suggestions on how to optimize your use of waterIndoors
- Slow the flow. A low-flow showerhead can save up to 60 % of the water a typical showerhead uses.
- Use your dishwasher. A high-efficiency dishwasher can save up to 24 gallons of water compared to hand washing, using as little as 3 gallons.
- Check for toilet leaks. A toilet with a leak can waste as much as 100 gallons of water daily.
- Deep watering. Water lawns and gardens slowly to conserve water and ensure it reaches plant roots effectively.
- Check your sprinklers. Regularly inspect irrigation equipment and connections to save on water bills. Check for leaks and broken or jammed sprinkler heads.
- Mulch it up! Mulch enhances the garden's beauty, manages weeds, prevents soil erosion, and reduces evaporation, aiding in water conservation by retaining moisture in the soil.
- Get Smart. Consider upgrading to a "smart" controller or adding a rain sensor to your irrigation system. These controllers can automatically analyze weather and soil moisture levels to adjust watering schedules, conserving water and providing optimal plant hydration.
- "Low- to No-Cost Tips for Saving Energy at Home," energystar.gov/products/top_10_tips_renters
- "5 Water-Saving Irrigation Tips," southernlivingplants.com/planting-care/5-water-saving-irrigation-tips
- "Watering Tips," epa.gov/watersense/watering-tips


How do you encourage your child to experiment with eating new vegetables? Let them grow or harvest them!
My dear friend Sarah has created a backyard oasis, right here in Houston, Texas, complete with an extensive food garden! This has given my daughter the opportunity to learn about growing, harvesting, and eating your own food. Pulling up the carrots was particularly exciting: we felt like we were whisked into Professor Sprout’s class at Hogwarts!
With rainbow chard, summer squash, tomatoes, and many more, we had a blast!
Sarah even has a beautiful fresh herb garden!
At the end of our harvest, we had a sieve full of veggies.
My daughter ate two of the tomatoes right on the spot (after rinsing) just like you’d eat an apple. They were still warm from the day’s sun. We ate the carrots the very next day – simply steamed and seasoned. Here’s what’s left of our bounty; yummy!
I encourage my daughter to try new veggies by trying new veggies myself. What do you do to encourage your children to eat vegetables? Do you have any family favorite recipes you’d like to share?


Rotimi Williams, an ambitious 35-year-old Nigerian entrepreneur and rice farmer, is striving to change the fact that Nigerians consume more than 5 million metric tons of rice a year, with a substantial portion of their consumption needs being imported.
Williams, The former journalist is the owner of Kereksuk Rice Farm, Nigeria’s second largest commercial rice farm by land size. His plantation, which is located in northern Nigeria’s Nasarawa village, currently occupies 45,000 hectares and employs over 600 Nasarawa indigenous people.
He went on to earn his first degree at the University of Aberdeen after completing high school at King’s College where he graduated with a degree in economics. He also earned a Master of Economics degree from the same institution.
His search for further education led him to apply for another Master’s degree at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, where he was received an MSc. in Finance and Development Studies. He landed a role as an analyst at London’s European Economics and Financial Centre, upon graduation. Afterwards he was employed by Euromoney Magazine- where he covered the African space.
The Journey so far :”Rotimi Williams”
While at Euromoney, I had the opportunity to travel around a few African countries. These trips exposed me to countries like Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia and Ghana. A common thread amongst the aforementioned nations is agriculture. Agriculture is at the very core of these countries and this got me thinking.
After a few more trips, I decided to move back to Nigeria and sink my teeth into the agricultural space. Nigeria remains the largest economy in Africa from both a GDP perspective and also the strength of the size of our population.
Upon my arrival back in Nigeria, I got a job at a premier Bank where I was promised to sit on the agriculture desk – my hope was that I would gain enough knowledge of the Nigerian agricultural industry and develop myself from there.
Unfortunately, the agricultural desk at the Bank never quite achieved its set goals. I pushed hard for the Bank to adopt policies and gain inroads into the agricultural industry but my attempts were somewhat frustrated. I sincerely feel that the bank wasn’t quite ready to launch fully into the agricultural space.
As my frustration grew, I decided to quit banking and planned to go it alone into agriculture. Frankly, my decision led to a challenging sojourn as attempts to raise funding with my partner proved difficult. We started a Structured Trade and Commodity Finance company. After a while I started consulting for small agriculture companies seeking to raise capital both locally and internationally.
Two years had past and we still had no funds, so I made an offer to the farm owner, that with a 50-50 split, I would develop the farm with both personal funds and external funding. He agreed and that’s how I became part owner of 17,296 hectares of farmland. Knowing that agriculture would become the integral area of focus in Nigeria, I was bullish and ramped up the land to 55,000 hectares.
I later parted with my partner as a result of unaligned views and strategy. I maintained 45,000 hectares for myself and today we have started producing, with our quality paddy being sold to major milling companies in Nigeria. However, I must add the following, I often have people ask how I learned abut farming, as everyone thinks you need a special degree in agriculture to be a farmer, but I always tell them the truth, I learnt it all on Google .
I downloaded every article I could find on rice production, consumed it and then practiced it in the fields.
Frankly, my experience working alongside indigenes of Nasarawa state has been exceptional. I have learnt over the years that if you approach people with respect even more so while one seeks to set up a business venture.
Having a healthy sense of community makes all the difference in attaining one’s set objectives. I lean heavily on the wisdom and cultural approach of the indigenes to carry out farming on such a scale here in Nasarawa.
In the news today, there is a lot of talk about Farmers clashing with Fulani Herdsmen, but we think our approach has been successful. We created a scheme called the Farm Out Of Poverty initiative which I will talk about a bit more later. Under the FOOP, we are able to train approximately a hundred Fulani women in rice farming, at the same time, employing their men as our security and finally, feeding their castles from the rice straws after harvest.
Today, we live in peace and all work towards the success of the farm.
Kereksuk has taken a few initiatives to adopt environmentally friendly measures. For example, we apply organic fertilizers – fertilizers we gain quite seamlessly through our healthy relationship with the indigenes of this beautiful state.
Furthermore, we feed straw from our rice to livestock and while I am not at liberty to divulge the details, we are actually working on a project that seeks to generate power from rice.
I see myself as a social entrepreneur – I appreciate engaging the collective through community involvement. This has actually inspired Kereksuk to set up a few initiatives. Our pioneer initiative is the farm-out-of-poverty initiative. This strategic initiative targets secondary school children.
The Nigerian secondary school system is evenly split into two halves – the Junior Secondary School (JSS) years and the Senior Secondary School (SSS) years. Each half lasts for three (3) years. We focus primarily on the Senior Secondary School years by selecting ten (10) students per SSS year to visit our farm.
While on the farm, the 30 students are exposed to the production and economics of rice farming. At the end of the year we set aside N50,000 ($160) per student per year. This accrues to N150,000 (approximately $500) at the end of the 3-year programme per student. We ensure that this sum is matched by a like-minded cooperative organization and the cumulative amount of N300,000 ($1,000) goes towards paying fees at the tertiary education stage.
This programme seeks to alleviate the burden of debt often associated with students and empowers the student through experience in a real-life work environment.
Kereksuk is confident that this initiative inspires and acts as an incentive to those at the lower education cadre to remain in school and aim for excellence in life.


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The gardening project is a collaborative effort with LivingStones Ministry (a 501(3) organization), the Christian Community Center in San Rafael, My Courageous Generosity (Marie and Tom Kayser), Jack and Marilyn Hall, Mark Higgins, volunteers and of course the residents of San Rafael.
The composting element is what allows the garden to be…well, a garden. The Super California Market, which is also located in San Rafael, donates fruits and vegetables to the Community Center that are then separated – those that are edible go to the kitchen for the feeding program while inedible produce is sent to the composting barrels. My Courageous Generosity has provided gray barrels on stands to “cure” the compost. This process allows the barrels to be rotated during the composting process, which is a great curing method as it keeps the “stench” at a minimum.
Each day Mark and his group of volunteers sort out the donated produce and begin the daily process of separating, watering, cleaning, pruning, planting the seeds in cups, preparing the greenhouse and protecting the plants.
The gardens include a large area on the east side with rows for plants and a triangular area on the east side of the greenhouse. The interior of the greenhouse has been revamped by the Halls (project volunteers in the Fall and Winter), and now offers two rows of tabletops to accommodate all the cups with seedlings. Currently, the greenhouse is home to lettuce and herbs while carrots, onions, and potatoes have been planted in the ground.
As mentioned in a previous article about the Center’s program Cosecha de Dios, edible produce goes to the kitchen for food preparation for the daily lunch program and also distribution to local residents.
My Contagious Generation also assists families in the area to prepare raised bed gardens with seasonal plants that are a part of their customary dietary needs. This aspect provides fresh produce in helping supplement the diets of many families. It’s worth noting, some residents in San Rafael are still lacking electricity in their homes so these programs provide the opportunity of having food that can be stored.
In the future, The Christian Community Center anticipates the crops from the garden, along with donated produce, will provide all necessary ingredients for a canning and preserving component. This will allow San Rafael residents to attend classes to learn about safe healthy ways to preserve crops. The plan consists of graduating groups helping to work with new groups, and so on. These classes will take place in the Center’s kitchen.
As always, volunteers are needed to assist in the gardening program. Any composters or gardeners out there? No matter what time you may have to volunteer, Mark and his crew could always use your help.
Gardening not your gift? How about teaching? Day care skills? Cooking skills? Sports? Kids activities? Whatever your gift, the Center can always use your talents.
Living Stones Ministry is a 501(3) non-profit so donations from the U.S. are tax deductible.
For additional information, please contact:
Deb Turner Director of Acquisitions
Karen Higgins, International Director


Manila Bulletin Sunday, July 19, 2009 13
By ELENA L. ABEN
The Philippine Navy has embarked on a new project dubbed "urban vegetable gardening." "From eliminating, we now do growing," Lt. Col. Edgard Arevalo, Navy spokesman, said, as he discussed the Naval force’s new project. Arevalo said that from eliminating enemies in line with the governments, war on terror to conducting rescue and relief missions, the Philippine Navy led by its Flag Officer-in-Command, Vice Admiral Ferdinand Golez, focuses on a new program aimed at fighting bigger enemy - hunger. In support of the government's campaign against hunger, the Philippine Navy has converted a 600-square meter former trash site at the Bonifacio Naval Station in Taguig City into an organic vegetable garden. Arevalo said that the organic garden is one of the Navy's environment friendly projects. He said that the program will showcase an eco-friendly garden in Metro Manila, which can also be a good source of healthy diet and additional income. The urban vegetable gardening is pioneered by the Navy's engineering arm, the Naval Construction Brigade (NCBde) or Seabees. In promoting the "green project," the Team Navy collaborated with the Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) in transforming the land into a garden. "The Navy's urban garden was realized thru the initiative of the Seabees
aided by the technical expertise and seedlings from BPI. Organic fertilizers like compost and farming methods were used to grow vegetables like alugbati, upland kangkong, bush sitaw, s31uyot, pechay, raddish, eggplant, and ginger. At the launching ceremony, the Navy chief expressed cited the health benefits of organic-grown vegetables. He said: "Vegetable is an important ingredient of our diet and input for good health." Seeing the potential of the garden,
Golez challenged Navy personnel to replicate the project in all units of the Command and to sustain the project and make vegetable gardening "a part of our daily life in the Navy." Arevalo said the project which targets optimum yield over minimum inputs will showcase technologies
in growing vegetables, herbs and spices. He added that the new project will serve as a model for other communities in the urban area to grow vegetables in their backyards or even in containers.
"This in a way will produce quality vegetables for home consumption, generate income, and help minimize waste in the area through composting," the Navy spokesman said. The Philippine Navy has expanded its role to include the protection of our environment. After launching its own Ecological Waste Segregation Program at Fort San Felipe, Cavite City early this year, the Navy now embarks into another eco-friendly project, the Urban Garden. "This project further attests to the Navy's commitment in preserving our natural resources," Arevalo said. Josephine Garcia, representative from the BPI, said: "The garden is not only a good source of organic vegetables
that promotes one's health, but is also a good source of additional income."DOWNLOAD PDF FILE


Project Humussphäre: Horses instead of Tractors
Project Humussphäre focuses on soil-building, energy-saving agricultural methods. The project has been carried out since March 2005 on the biodynamic farm Hof Hollergraben in Ostholstein, Germany. Klaus Strüber, who heads the farm and initiated the project, works together with his team of professionals on the project. The Bremen Society for Agriculture and Pedagogy is instructing them in their research inquiry.
In the 10-year project, they are examining different methods for increasing humus quality in agricultural soil, especially the possibility of using work horses for farm work. At the heart of the project is the hypothesis that by increasing the soil fabric with the help of biodynamic preparations, in combination with work horses, they can decrease the force necessary to work the soil, and thereby also reduce energy usage. That means that horses can work the soil with less effort.
The first results, from 2005 to 2008, indicate that this hypothesis can be confirmed. The project observed considerably lower soil compaction on fields worked by horses. Three years into the project, around 50% of the fields on the farm are being worked by horses, and reduced tractor work meant that significant amounts of diesel fuel were saved, and CO2 emissions avoided.
Project Humussphäre carries out foundational research regarding the use of work horses in biodynamic agriculture. Practically-focused and scientifically directed, the project will provide organic farmers with environmentally-friendly alternatives to tractor use. Especially for farmers in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa, where the use of farm animals still dominates, it will be possible to develop valuable, region-specific recommendations in this respect. Public relations work is also a key element in the project.
The Software AG Foundation has supported the research project since its beginning and has been impressed by the advances and results presented in detailed, critical reports.


Our olive oil is the product of the Koroneiki olive, known for delivering a stable quality olive oil with a low content of poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Such an olive oil, kept under the right conditions, will preserve for a long period of time its initial characteristics. Olive oil of the Koroneiki olive is considered one the best olive oils in the world and has already won several awards. The Koroneiki olive tree is an endemic tree growing only in Greece.
Our product comes out in 750 ml glass bottles and 5 litres cans.


Topsoil Tips for Spring
Whether you want to grow highly nutritious fruits and vegetables or a beautiful garden, you need good-quality topsoil that is suitable for the plants. Unfortunately, the extreme temperatures of the winter can not only harm your plants but also leave the topsoil in your garden in worse condition. When that happens, it is best to search for “topsoil near me” online and order a fresh batch of suitable topsoil for your garden.
Tips & Tricks
Here are a few topsoil tips for spring you can follow:
- Check the condition of the existing topsoil – It is important to check the condition of your topsoil in order to determine what you need to do to restore it to a good condition. Sometimes, the soil can become too compact if left undisturbed for a long time and it can prevent the smooth flow of nutrients and water.
A simple method to fix it is to aerate the soil by digging small holes in the ground. However, ensure that you avoid digging holes over certain spots such as sections that contain plant roots and shrubs so that you don’t harm them in the process.
If the topsoil in your garden is fairly new, there is no need to apply a fresh batch of topsoil. You can simply apply a fresh coat of topsoil of the existing type over certain sections that are in the worst condition.
- Remove weeds – As the weather starts to warm up, it can trigger the growth of annual weeds which can compete with the plants you want to grow for spring and such away all the water and nutrients. Thus, it is essential to remove any weeds you spot when making new garden beds, adding organic matter, creating raised beds, and more.
You can remove weeds by hand, but it can be a pretty tiresome process. The simplest way to do it is to warm up the soil by adding layers of clear plastic sheets and then pulling the weed seedling that has started to grow by hand. However, you might need to use a weedkiller to remove some tough variants of weeds.
- Consider adding a fresh batch of topsoil – Over time, the topsoil in your garden can deteriorate in quality if it is not cared properly maintained or becomes subject to harsh weather and pollution.
For instance, if you notice a lot of contaminants in the topsoil such as glass, building material residue, rocks and debris, waste materials, and more, it can become much more challenging to fix it. Thus, if the topsoil in your garden is too old, it makes sense to check its quality in order to determine whether you need to order a fresh batch that is free of weeds and contaminants.
However, before you order a fresh batch of topsoil, it is important to determine the type of topsoil you have in your garden since it can help you learn the type of plants you can grow in your garden. Generally, good-quality topsoil will have a balanced combination of sand, silt, and clay. Here is a list of common soil types:
- Clay soil – Such soil is lumpy, smooth, heavy, sticky, and can be easily rolled into the shape of a ball when wet since they contain at least 25% clay. However, it sets like concrete when it becomes dry.
- Silty soil – Such soil has a silky and soapy feel since they contain fine grains. They can be squeezed into a small sausage but not a ball and can be compacted easily but suffer from poor drainage.
- Sandy soil – Such soil won’t stick together to form a ball since they consist of lots of sand particles that feel dry and gritty. Sandy soils drain water quickly since they have a high concentration of sand.
- Chalky soil – Chalky soil has a high lime content that makes it alkaline. It looks pale and is harder to dig than other soil types since it is full of lumps of chalk and stones.
- Loamy soil – Loamy soil is a combination of 20% clay, 40% silt, and 40% sand and is considered the ideal soil type by gardeners since they are not too sticky or dry. They are high in nutrients, offer good drainage while retaining sufficient moisture, and are easy to cultivate.
- Check the soil pH level – It is important to check the pH level of your topsoil since different plants thrive at different pH levels. Generally, a pH of 7 is considered neutral which is neither too acidic nor too alkaline.
You can easily test the pH level of the soil in your gardening using a DIY kit that is easily available at any garden center. High-quality topsoil often has a pH level of between 5.0 and 8.2
- Improve solid nutrition – It is always recommended that you improve the quality of your soil no matter its type. The best way to do so is to add organic matter since it not only improves the nutrient content of your soil but also makes the soil easier to dig, loosens tight clay, and helps sand hold more water.
A few common types of organic matter include:
- Composted manure – It is recommended that you add 30 to 40 pounds of composted manure for every 100 square feet.
- Plant materials – During the winter, add plant materials such as grass clipping, straw, and leaves to allow them to decompose.
- Compost – These consist of decayed plant materials.You can also purchase compost from the store along with special soil conditioners, and manure.
Preparing the topsoil in your garden for springtime can be a challenge depending on the level of damage it has sustained in the winter and the type of fruits, vegetables, or plants you want to grow. Sometimes, all you need to do is remove some weeds, aerate the soil, add fresh mulch, and plant new seeds. However, when the condition of the soil is much worse, it makes sense to start fresh. You can order high-quality topsoil by searching “topsoil near me” online and do a complete makeover of your garden.


[Waec Answer] Waec 2018 Agricultural Science Practical Questions And Answers Now Posted
Agric Practical Questions And Answers.
1a) Specimen A
i) It is used for falling of trees
ii) It is used for cutting the roots during stumping.
iii) It is used for cutting logs of woods into smaller pieces
i) It is used for lifting and tuning the soil
ii) It is used for levelling of the soil
iii) It is used for digging holes during transplanting
i) It is used for transplanting of seedling
ii) It is used for applying manure after and before planting
iii) It is used for nursery operation / practice
i) It is used for pulverizing the soil
ii) it is used for aerating the soil
iii) It is used for transplanting seedlings
i) The Metal part should be sharpened when blunt
ii) The metal part should be oiled or greased to prevent rusty
iii) The wooden part should be stored or kept in a place that termite cannot eat it
iv) Store in a cool and dry place
Specimen G – Ph = 7 (neutral)
Specimen H – Ph = 1-4 (acidic)
Specimen I – Ph = 8-14 (alkaline or bionic)
(2b) Specimen G:
When G is added to water sample in a glass beaker and stored with blue and red litmus paper, No colour change was observed, showing neutral.
When H is added to a water sample in a beaker and stirred and tested with blue and red litmus paper. It changes blue litmus paper to red showing that it is acidic.
When I is added to a water sample in a beaker and stirred/tested with litmus papers. It changes the red litmus paper to blue showing that it is basic or alkaline.
If the Ph is 4.5 it shows that it is slightly acidic
i) It destroys the root of plant
ii) It prevent the uptake of food from the root system
iii) it prevent the normal growth of plant except plant like tomatoes
i) Washing away of soil nutrients by erosion
ii) Planting operations like Monocropping
iii) Excessive use of land of a long period of time
J – is weavil
K – is beetle
L – is mosaic disease
M – is fruit rot
i). It Causes Low Yield
ii). It Reduces The farmers income
iii). Transmission of diseases
iv). It causes the death of plants
v). They bore into seed
(3c) SPECIMEN J
(i) by the use of chemicals
(ii) by the use of pesticides
(iii) through and picking
(i) through the use of pesticides
(ii) by handpicking
(iii) by the use of chemicals
(i) through the practise of crop rotation
(ii) by using fungcidese
(i) through the use of rodenticide
(ii) by setting traos for the rodents
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AIS Agricultural Robots:
The Labour Gap Solution
As one of the top agricultural automation companies, AIS saw the need and developed an agricultural robot so that farmers and growers can now have the certainty that their crops will be harvested on time. The ground-breaking AIS mobile agricultural robots efficiently perform repetitive or dangerous tasks, which are difficult for humans to perform. The robots can work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This level of efficiency equals a huge increase in productivity.
The AIS’ autonomous mobile robot uses a set of sensors to observe the surrounding environment. These sensors enable the robot to either autonomously make decisions about its behavior or to pass the information to an operator. The second option allows an operator to control the robot remotely. The AIS Internet of Things platform helps our robots learn from each other and, as a result, can collectively work towards better productivity and safety. Data insights can help business improve operations.


Malunggay, scientifically known as Moringa Oleifera, is native to Republic of the Philippines. It is one of the varieties of genus Moringa that is widely cultivated in Asia. It belongs to the family of Moringaceae. Malunggay is an extraordinary vegetable tree which parts were noted to contribute potential uses. Its tree is slender that can grow as high as 10m. It has multiple branches that bear numerous tiny leaves.
This miracle tree grows in tropical and subtropical areas. It can grow faster in sandy soil but it can thrive in any type of soil, even salty soils in the coastal areas. It is can tolerate and resist drought seasons and can survive rainy seasons. The tree is not robust enough to stand intensive windy climate. Accordingly, most parts of the Malunggay tree are edible.
The young green pods that are called drumsticks are the popularly used part of the Malunggay tree. It tastes like slight asparagus and usually cooked like green beans. For mature pods, the beans will be taken out and can either roasted or eaten like peas. The flowers taste like mushrooms and very delicious. The leaves are like spinach that is added up to chicken or fish broths for a delicious finish. The tree contains calcium, beta-carotene, Vitamin C, protein, iron, phosphorous and potassium.
In Siddha medicine, malunggay seeds are taken to increase and prolong sexual activities and serve as the treatment for arousing and erectile disorders in both men and women.
Forty percent of edible oil, called ben oil, can be yielded by Moringa seeds. Ben oil may be used in cooking, cosmetics, and as lubricants. Once refined, the ben oil looks clear and odourless. It can also resist rancidity like any other botanical oils. The seeds being gathered after oil extraction are used to fertilize plants or as flocculants for water purifying.
Lots of scientific studies were conducted proving the humble plant's powerful and nutritional components. It has the ability to rebuild weak bones, enrich good blood flow, and nourish lactating mother's milk. Its containing calcium per ounces is compared to four glasses of milk. It has more of vitamin C than is compared to seven orange fruits and its potassium is like that of three bananas.
According to Lowell Fuglie, the nutrition and Vitamins we can get from a Malunggay is 10 times more than other food source such as carrots for beta carotene, orange for vitamin C, banana for phosphorus, spinach for iron, milk for calcium, and yogurt for protein.
The Malunggay tree also contains antibiotics and anti-inflammatory treatments. It is because the tree can be a good source of alkaloids that can pre-empt unwanted growth. It can heal wounds so easily and can even stop the bleeding of an open and internal wound.
The tree of moringa is therefore a miracle tree. At present, the World Health Organizations are enjoining the help of government and non-government organizations of tropical countries to plant, in massive scale, the tree of Malunggay. African and Asian countries are well supported to cultivate this plant to address hunger and malnutrition.
For more information and to order Moringa products, please visit our website at: http://moringashope.com


What did you eat today?
Did you know California is ranked #1 in the United States for Agricultural production? The state of California alone is one of the Top 10 Ag producers in the World as compared to entire countries! At nearly $53.5 billion in crop production, with over 400+ different crops, California Agriculture feeds the world.
Welcome to Advanced Ag Realty & Appraisal.
We are committed to the future of a strong Agricultural community in California, and are proud to be associated with the hardest working men and women that feed the entire world. We strive to offer expedient and affordable Ag Real Estate Brokerage and Appraisal Services.


Instructions on how to propagate lavender from cuttings. Works for both English and French lavender and cuttings from new or semi-hard wood. Lavender can be successfully propagated in various ways depending on the time of…Share with your friends!
Hydrogen peroxide ranks up there with baking soda and vinegar as one of the best multipurpose products to have stocked in your cupboard. Typically used to sanitize injuries, hydrogen peroxide can also be used somewhere…Share with your friends!
How many times have you promised yourself that you were going to start growing your own vegetables or plant some nice flowers only to get distracted and let it fall by the wayside? Well here’s…Share with your friends!
You don’t have to be a professional, experienced gardener to have a great looking garden. By reading and using the following tips, you can fool anyone into believing you have a green thumb! Plants require…Share with your friends!
In time of need, people will be driven to eat just about anything. While mushrooms are widely accepted as a source of food, trying to consume them from wild sources can be very dangerous. On…Share with your friends!
Gardening is the corner stone of independent living and therefor of preparedness. That doesn’t mean insuring your food security has to be back breaking work! A raised garden bed can make gardening much easier for those with bad soil and or…Share with your friends!
Known by the more lyrical name Matsutake, pine mushrooms are a prized fungus with a high market price tag. They are collected in season and can command as much as $100 per pound. The North…Share with your friends!
You’ll have your best garden ever if you create permanent garden beds — whether they’re raised beds, at ground level, framed or unframed. Here’s how — and why — to create permanent garden beds and…Share with your friends!
Spring 2018 Featured Flower Seeds The best gardens are blooming with colors of spring and summer flowers that you have planted and grown with your own hands. While there are hundreds of varieties of flower…Share with your friends!
Poor soil? No soil? Or do you have a hard time bend downing/over to garden? If any of these sound familiar then straw bale gardening is a fantastic gardening alternative! Straw bale gardening uses decomposing…Share with your friends!


Rain Bird RISMAN1S Drip Irrigation Riser Adapter Drip and Sprinkler Watering, 1/2" Female Pipe Thread x 1/2" Male Pipe Thread x 1/4" Barbed End. Unique adapter allows watering with Drip irrigation and riser mounted standard high-volume sprinkler devices simultaneously. Install threaded adapter between 1/2" riser and high-pressure spray device then simply connect 1/4" blank Drip tubing to the barbed outlet. Now you can Drip irrigate plants with low-volume watering emitters, bubblers, micro-sprays or emitter tubing while also watering with high-volume sprinkler devices. The 1/4" barbed outlet holds tubing securely for leak-free operation. Specifications: 1/2" female pipe thread (FPT) bottom inlet x 1/2" male pipe thread (MPT) top outlet x 1/4" barbed side outlet. Constructed of highly durable UV and chemical-resistant materials to assure long life. Rain bird "The Intelligent Use of Water"
Rain Bird Corporation is a privately held company founded in 1933 during the agricultural boom in California. Weâre recognized as the #1 manufacturer and provider of irrigation products and services in the world. With sales offices around the globe; we offer over 4,000 water-saving irrigation products in more than 130 countries. Since the very beginning, Rain Bird has produced and offered the industryâs broadest range of high-quality irrigation products for: farms, golf courses, sports arenas, commercial developments and homes. Over the past 80-years Rain Bird has received more than 450 patents worldwide. Including the first one for irrigation in 1935 on our original impact-drive sprinkler (U.S. Patent #1,997,901) which revolutionized agricultural food-production and ushered in a new era in irrigation worldwide. In 1990 this original impact sprinkler was designated a historic landmark by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Our products cover all aspects of irrigationâ¦timers/controllers, pop-up rotary sprinklers, pop-up spray head sprinklers, sprinkler nozzles, irrigation valves, Drip irrigation, drainage and much more. These products have been chosen and installed worldwide in the largest and most prestigious projects for residential, commercial, agricultural and golf course irrigation. Rain Bird is committed to The Intelligent Use of Waterâ¢ extending beyond products to education, training and services for the industry and the community. Our legacy is to design and manufacture only products of the highest value and quality. Weâre grateful to have received numerous recognition awards from many of our valued partners. Rain Bird âThe Intelligent Use of Water"


McDevitt Establishes Sites on Organic Investments Purchasing natural farmland is not as straightforward as it seems. There are numerous elements to take into consideration prior to making the jump. Who are hosting the Mike McDevitt and Baltimore events? As an example, do financiers intend to make a temporary profit or do they want to assist farmers make the change to natural? Organic agriculture aids to minimize emissions and also withdraw carbon, and safeguards water top quality. It also reduces energy use. The natural farming market has grown from an edge market of tiny ranches right into a market pressure. Check here for more details on Mike McDevitt and Maryland profile. There are now several multi-million dollar firms in the market. Some firms buy farmland and afterwards lease it to organic farmers. Others transition the land to natural accreditation and after that market it back. Iroquois Valley Farms is one instance of a business that integrates the two techniques. Iroquois Valley Farms is a realty investment trust (REIT) that offers long-lasting leases to organic farmers. Click here for Mike McDevitt and MD background. It increases capital from personal impact investors and also makes use of the proceeds to make investments in organic farmland. What is the connection of Mike McDevitt and Tessemae? It is also a certified B Corp and also the very first REIT in the country that gives financings to farmers. Click here for Mike McDevitt and MD background. Its portfolio is valued at $55 million and covers 14 states, mostly in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. Along with funding farmers, Iroquois Valley develops innovative leases that allow for regenerative farming techniques. Check here for more details on Mike McDevitt and Maryland profile. Farmers can rent land forever, or acquire it at a later day. What you need to know about Mike McDevitt and Salad Dressing. The company’s portfolio contains greater than $55 million and has gained a 1.76% annualized return for capitalists because its beginning 9 years earlier. Iroquois Valley also makes innovative home mortgages as well as promissory notes that supply a steady revenue for financiers. What is the connection of Mike McDevitt and Tessemae? These notes pay two percent rate of interest per year. Iroquois additionally supplies financiers with Dirt Repair Notes, which supply a five-year term. These notes are created to help farmers make the transition to natural and pay 2% per annum. The organic farming market has become a market force, with several multi-billion dollar firms. What is the connection of Mike McDevitt and Tessemae? As the market matures, financial investment in organic farmland is a secure, successful means to invest. Organic farming plays a key duty in dealing with environment adjustment and lowering emissions. Who is Michael McDevitt? It likewise reduces energy usage and secures water quality. It likewise helps to boost the resilience of farms as well as soil. It provides a cost premium to farmers and also withdraws carbon. Organic agriculture likewise adds to public health as well as environmental stewardship. Who are hosting the Mike McDevitt and Baltimore events? One more instance of an organic farmland financial investment is Farmland LP. What you need to know about Mike McDevitt and Salad Dressing. This firm is a collaboration in between Earth Economics and also the Delta Institute. It shares info concerning the ecosystem influence of its management techniques, as well as helps farmers make the shift to natural. Who is Michael McDevitt? The business’s portfolio also consists of ranches owned by independent farmers. The firm has been investing in organic farmland for greater than nine years and is a member of the National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition. Click here for Mike McDevitt and MD background. What you need to know about Mike McDevitt and Salad Dressing. The organic farming market has actually developed right into a market force, with a growing number of capitalists choosing natural ranches. The OTA is committed to sustaining the natural market’s goals and anticipates helping carry out programs.


Our vision at Jireh Hills Family Homestead is to create an educational and inspirational Sustainable Destination in southwestern Ontario. As a family-run, small business that been working hard to learn how to grow our own food, manage a woodland, and teach the next generation how to regenerate the land and leave it in better health than they found it, we have embraced the opportunity to share and involve our long-term goals with our guests.
We are committed to an on-going approach to improving our sustainability as an Agri-Tourism business that is in alignment with the Sustainability Development Goals of 2030. These goals embrace the environmental, economic, cultural and social impacts of the tourism industry on an individual basis.
We are currently undergoing a comprehensive assessment to achieve a Sustainable Tourism Certification. Find out more about his program at GreenStep Sustainable Tourism.
This process includes a one-on-one review of our business practices with a Sustainable Business Advisor to see how we’re doing against criteria aligned with the Global Sustainable Tourism Council.
We will then continue to work towards our goals and make improvements, by creating an action plan for continued success on our sustainability journey.
Some of the sustainability action plan items that Jireh Hills has undertaken include:
- quality education through offering classes in practical skills
- good health and well-being through hosting staycations and farm visits that encourage a connection to nature
- supporting a sustainable community through a Local Purchasing Action Plan
- affordable clean energy by using clean energy to power our Nature Lodges and farm buildings
- regenerative farming techniques that involve correct livestock rotation, no-till gardening, aerated composting of waste, and proper woodland management
- commitment to achieve optimal efficiency in water and energy consumption and reduction of waste outputs
Throughout the farm we have implemented many initiatives to support the tenets of sustainability. Here are some highlights of our stewardship:
- Ongoing work with Ducks Unlimited to develop and maintain a wetland habitat consisting of 3 ponds and 2 agri-drains to reduce soil erosion and increase habitat for wildlife and endangered species living in our area.
- Members of Sydenham Field Naturalists to work towards encouraging and promoting activities that would lead to a greater appreciation, preservation and conservation of of our natural heritage in our region
- Non-invasive boardwalk system to allow safe and controlled travel throughout our Carolinian woodland trails
- No fertilizer or chemical herbicides used on the homestead lawn, permaculture orchards, vegetable and herb gardens
- Regular collection of livestock waste to our aerated compost system
- Regular introduction of natural predators to control the invasive fly populations that spread disease
Natural rotating pastures and woodlands for all our livestock to graze, roam and regenerate the soil through manure
- Chickens and ducks are allowed to free-range in various areas and with other livestock to control pests and encourage regeneration of the soils
- Regular planting of native trees of the Carolinian forest, native flowers and herbs in various places throughout the homestead and woodlands
- Annual removal of invasive species of grasses in our ponds
- Strategic planting of native trees to provide windbreak, prevent soil erosion, create natural wildlife habitat and provide shade
- Collection of seeds each fall to propagate and re-plant the following year in our gardens
- Collection and preserving of medicinal herbs to be used in our soap making and herbal medicine classes
- An easy-to-use compost station for our guests to place all food wastes that will be composted in our aerated compost system
- On-site sawmill to produce building materials to be used on our property using dead wood harvested from our woodlands
- Recycling station for our guests to use for cardboard, plastics and metals
- Energy efficient lighting is used in all buildings
- All public spaces and water are heated with biomass using a highly efficient outdoor wood burner that creates minimal to zero output of carbon emissions
- All of our Nature Lodges will be “BullFrog Powered” using clean & green electric energy
- A portion of each overnight stay will be used to fund a clean energy project in Ontario through the “BullFrog Power” program
- Waste wood and culled trees are used for outdoor campfires for our guests
- Rain water is collected during the spring and summer months for livestock
- A slow-drip irrigation system is used to provide water for our permaculture orchard and gardens when needed
- Regular compost and wood chips are added to our orchard and gardens to minimize weed spread and control water loss
- We purchase and support local farmers and small businesses to provide our guests with additional foods while they are here including homemade soups, jams, honey, breads for overnight guests to enjoy
- We support local suppliers for additional building materials and products needed for various projects
- Guests are encouraged to pick and eat from our gardens as needed while they are here
- Classes and workshops to immerse guests in nature to promote good health and wellness
- Hire workers and volunteers from the local community
- Engage local community to provide a hosting ground for interactive learning opportunities, for example local homeschool groups
- Support of the local Sydenham River Nature Reserve and members of the Sydenham Field Naturalists www.ontarionature.org/programs/nature-reserves/sydneham-river/
- Ongoing Sustainable Purchasing Action Plan to buy local and support small business in our area


I'm pretty impressed with the build-as-you-grow potato bin that Mancub and Papa Seed started a few months ago. Papa Seed has grown potatoes in the past, but this is the first time he has done it this way. I am not so great in the garden, but I did the research on this one (did the research = played on the internet) so I feel like I actually participated.
Those potatoes aren't quite ready for feastin', but I have to get together some kind of potato dish for the work picnic tomorrow. I actually volunteered Papa Seed to bring a potato salad, but maybe I'll make it. Mark Bittman who is something of a hero in our home has a pretty good looking Roasted Sweet Potato Salad that might be impressive.
I'm about a third of the way through Crunch!: A History of the Great American Potato Chip by Dirk Burhans. An interesting read, but it is the illustrations of the potato chip packaging of yore that is worth the price of the book. Although, I got my copy from the library. I'm a Socialist Potato Chip Lover.
I do have a love of the potato. Such a fine food. Fried, boiled, baked, chopped, sliced, diced, au gratin, mashed, home fried, hash browned - there is nothing you can do that will make me less fond of the tuber.


Denitrification – How to deal with NO and N2O
01/05/2016 – 30/04/2019
Principal Investigator NOVA.id.FCT/FCT-UNL:
The biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen is the one with the highest impact in anthropogenic activities, such as food and energy production. The overload of soils with N-fertilizers is having repercussions on both local and global nitrogen cycle, especially at the level of the microbial denitrification, a key pathway that accounts for the dissimilatory transformation of nitrate and nitrite into dinitrogen. Globally, the process relies on four reactions catalyzed by different metalloenzymes that sequentially convert nitrate to dinitrogen (with nitrite, nitric oxide and nitrous oxide as intermediates). The impact of agricultural practices in the environment is also enormous. The surplus of N-fertilizers in the fields contaminates land, surface and ground waters, causing a cascade of environmental and human health problems. In addition, although the majority of denitrified-N becomes N2 (harmless), a small portion is lost as chemically reactive nitric oxide or nitrous oxide (a greenhouse effect gas). NO is involved in several key physiological processes in mammals (including humans) and plants and is presently used together with NO releasers, in different therapeutic strategies. N2O is a potent greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting agent. Due to the recognized biological and environmental value of the denitrification pathway, in the last years there have been efforts to understand the structure of the participating enzymes and their catalytic mechanisms. In this regard, this project will address the structure/function relationship of the denitrifying enzymes that deal with NO and N2O reduction, using a toolbox of spectroscopic, kinetic, electrochemical and structural techniques, complemented with a transcriptomic approach.


Come on down to our gardening club held every Tuesday from 10am – 12pm
at Crown Dale Medical Centre. It’s a fun way to keep fit, stay active and socialise with a group
Develop your gardening skills and learn how to grow fresh fruit and
vegetables including potatoes, beetroots, broadbeans, tomatoes, broccoli, kale,
salad leaves and herbs.
CROWN DALE MEDICAL CENTRE, 61 CROWN DALE SE19 3NY
KEEP FIT | STAY ACTIVE | SOCIALISE


In the United States, horticultural associations are the professional bodies that represent a variety of different interests. For example, the American Botanical Council is a national organization comprised of both professional and amateur horticulturists. Its mission is to promote the propagation of plants. The ZVG has more than 50 member companies and promotes horticulture and its products in international markets. Members receive a comprehensive portfolio of benefits, including discounted membership fees and discounts at key industry events.
Many horticultural and agriculture professional organizations offer networking and educational opportunities for their members. These associations are valuable resources for those who are in the field. They also help bolster the credentials of their members and provide the latest information and trends in their field. Each association has its own mission, so it is important to check the website for any specific details. For more information on specific horticultural and agriculture professional organizations, visit their websites.
One of the oldest horticultural associations in the world is the Ancient Society of York Florists. Founded in 1768, the organization holds four shows each year in the city of York. It also maintains a comprehensive archive of records, including the original members’ book. The association has offices in London, New York, and San Francisco. Those interested in horticulture can also sign up to become a member.
Information about association
There are numerous horticultural associations in the United States. Membership in a national association can make it easy to access information about career advancement and continuing education. If you’re an industry professional, join a horticultural association to expand your network. A member of a horticultural association is likely to be able to find a job in your field. If you’re interested in joining a horticultural organization, you’ll have access to a wealth of resources through its website.
In Germany, there are many horticultural associations. The commercial horticultural association, or ZVG, represents suppliers of plants and allied products and services. The commercial horticultural association was originally created in 1978 to represent British foliar ware and garden supplies in UK markets. In time, it expanded its scope, forming trade links with overseas agronomic suppliers and consumers. The Commercial horticultural association is an excellent choice for any vocation in the horticulture industry.
In Germany, horticultural associations have a long and rich history. After the Second World War, gardeners from various countries gathered in Berlin to form a general horticultural association in Germany. Today, this association is known as the Gartner Zentralverband Gartenbau eV (Gardening Industry). In the United States, there are a number of regional horticultural associations. If you’re interested in horticulture in Germany, you should join one of these groups.
There are many different horticultural associations in the United States. Some of the major associations are listed below. There are a variety of specializations in horticulture. The commercial horticultural association, for example, is the trade group that represents suppliers in Germany. Its goal is to represent horticultural companies in the United States. Its logo is a green “G.” If you’re interested in becoming a member of an association, check out their website.
In the US, horticultural associations represent companies that produce plants and provide horticultural services. The commercial horticultural association was founded in 1973. The association’s mission is to represent the interests of a thriving agriculturist in the United States. A member of the commercial horticultural association is called a “green G”. If you’re a supplier of a certain plant or service, you can join the American horticultural society.
Whether you’re a farmer or a gardener, horticultural associations have a variety of benefits for the public. In addition to fostering a culture of environmental awareness, they help to protect the nation’s natural resources. By promoting the interests of horticulture businesses and promoting its growth, the ZVG helps promote responsible agriculturists in the United States. In addition to being a useful resource for horticulture, the association is also committed to preserving the health of the environment.
There are a number of horticultural societies around the world. Depending on their geographic location, horticultural societies can be local, regional, national, or even international. Some societies focus on a particular plant, such as roses and a ginkgo tree. In the US, horticultural associations also promote the use of herbal medicine and other botanical products. Some of the major horticultural organizations are the American Botanical Society, the American Horticultural Society, and the American Institute of Florists.


Farm Programs: Direct Payments Should Be Reconsidered - GAO Report
|Date:||July 3, 2012|
|Download PDF Now|
What GAO Found
From 2003 through 2011, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) made more than $46 billion in direct payments to farmers and other producers. These producers planted varying percentages of acres that qualified for payments based on their historical planting yields and designated payment rates (qualifying acres). Cumulatively, USDA paid $10.6 billionalmost one-fourth of total direct payments made from 2003 through 2011to producers who did not, in a given year, grow the crop associated with their qualifying acres, which they are allowed to do. About 2,300 farms (0.15 percent of farms receiving direct payments) reported all their land as fallow, and producers did not plant any crops on this land for each year for the last 5 years, from 2007 through 2011; in 2011, these producers received almost $3 million in direct payments.
Direct payments generally do not align with the principles significant to integrity, effectiveness, and efficiency in farm bill programs that GAO identified in an April 2012 report. These payments align with the principle of being distinctive, in that they do not overlap or duplicate other farm programs. However, direct payments do not align with five other principles. Specifically, they do not align with the following principles:
Continuing to provide payments that generally do not align with principles significant to integrity, effectiveness, and efficiency in farm bill programs raises questions about the purpose and need for direct payments.
Why GAO Did This Study
Through one facet of the farm safety net, USDA provides farmers and other producers with fixed annual payments, called direct payments, based on their farms historical crop production. Direct payments do not vary with crop prices or crop yields. In March 2011, GAO reported on observations and options regarding direct payments and suggested to Congress that they be eliminated or reduced. GAO was asked (1) to provide information regarding the geographic distribution and ownership characteristics of payment recipients, as well as the dollar amount of direct payments made for farms with acreage that qualified, and the amount and types of crops grown on such acreage for years 2003 to 2011, and (2) to examine whether direct payments are aligned with principles significant to integrity, effectiveness, and efficiency in farm bill programs. To conduct this work, GAO analyzed USDA data and interviewed agency officials.What GAO Recommends
Congress should consider eliminating or reducing direct payments. GAO also recommends that USDA take four actions to improve its oversight of direct payments including developing a systematic process to report on land that may no longer be usable for agriculture, and considering ways to increase the number of cases selected for end-of-year reviews and completing these reviews in a timely manner. USDA generally agreed with two of GAOs recommendations and disagreed with two others, stating that it believes its current processes or practices are adequate. GAO continues to believe that it is important for USDA to take the recommended actions.
For more information, contact Lisa Shames at (202) 512-3841 or firstname.lastname@example.org.