I didn’t expect 80 degree weather in Brown County, Indiana today, day two of helping set up a mushroom cultivation project on Tom Westgard’s farm. Tom is a small scale farmer willing to try some new things. Situated on 12 acres, mostly woodlot, Tom has turkeys, chickens, Guinea Fowls, and pigs. Because of the woodlot Tom has access to Oak, Maple and Beech trees, the needed maintenance on the woodlot meant Tom had to take out some trees so others would reach maturity and stay straight.
Tom’s only been farming for a year, but in that time he’s managed to experiment and educate himself in a number of animal husbandry techniques, make some mistakes, and learn a lot. “The future is local,” says the New York Times, Small Scale Farming is bringing communities closer and allowing new techniques to proliferate. The Polar Vortex this last winter killed off his six hives of bees, wiping out his honey production, expenses are only allowing him to replace one hive.
Tom managed to produce about 100 bolts, four foot logs, 4 – 8 inches in diameter that are used for log grown shiitake production. Paoli based Magnificent Mushrooms supplied the spawn, Three bags of Shiitake, three of Oyster mushroom, and two of Stropharia. Tom had a very limited budget, like many of his farming projects he’s had to start small. The budget allowed for just the spawn, and I provided the tools, knowledge, and back.
Tom’s also putting in two Wine Cap Stropharia beds, and inoculating 50 Oyster Mushroom logs, experimenting with the “Totem method” and also beginning experimentation with the production of Oyster Mushrooms on burlap/coffee substrate. While a year is a long time to wait for his first crop of shiitakes, it’s expected that his oyster mushrooms and wine cap stropharias may be producing by fall. Production of mushroom fruiting production logs is best done in the spring, but the expansion of the Wine Cap Stropharia beds is expected to also happen in the fall.
A hundred log annual production mushroom business will supplement Tom’s income by a minimum of $10,000 in profit over five years, as well as paying for his time at $12.00 an hour, according to this Cornell University Study and best practices guide. Already Westgard has spoken to restaurateurs in nearby Nashville and they await next spring for his Shiitakes to produce their first crop.
We’ll continue to monitor Tom’s progress and report back.
Coming tomorrow – Brown County – Lessons Learned


AIXR TeeJet • Air Induction Extended Range
The best balance between spray coverage and drift control.
The AIXR TeeJet flat spray tip offers the benefit of obtaining excellent drift resistance without compromising spray coverage. This nozzle produces a wide range of droplet sizes suitable for all types of applications. AIXR is one of the more versatile spray tips on the market.
- The most versatile air induction nozzle on the market.
- Low drift potential (Up to 90% drift reduction*)
- Optimum operating pressure: 3 to 4 Bar.
- Compact design with removable pre-orifice for easy cleaning.
- Adapted for vineyard applications.
- The AIXR is built with an UHWMPE** material offering high chemical resistance.
* Only for AIXR-VP
** Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene


Genetically Modified Franken-Fungus That Doesn’t Go Brown Stirs Controversy
A genetically-modified mushroom created by scientists at Penn State University is at the center of controversy due to the use of new technology to modify the fungus’ genes directly, without injecting the DNA of other organisms into it. The ease with which the new technology, called CRISPR can rewrite gene code and the way the method will fit into the framework of GMO regulations is at the heart of the problem.
The technology, the full name of which is CRISPR-Cas9, can be used to effectively cut and paste genes, altering plants and animals with the ease that scientists compare to editing a word document. Among the creations so far are dogs, goats and monkeys, but pigs are a especially interesting to scientists. They’ve manufactured micropigs that weigh six times less than normal, overly muscular pigs, and a pig whose genome was edited in 62 places in hopes of creating an animal whose organs could be donated to humans. The technology is so cheap that there are even hobbyists using it in their garages and “community laboratories.”
Which brings us back to Penn State and the shroom enthusiast. Researcher Yinong Yang has created a type of white button mushroom that seems to all appearances to be identical to the kind you buy in the produce section of a grocery store. The mushroom has a mere two letters of its DNA code changed that results in a white mushroom that is resistant to browning from oxidation.
But here’s where the real problems begin. The USDA has inexplicably allowed Yang’s new strain of mushroom to dodge the usual GMO regulatory system, despite the clear fact that it is the very definition of “genetically engineered.”
Wha? Here’s where it gets weird. The agency has ruled that the mushroom gets a pass because it’s all mushroom. Since it doesn’t contain “…any introduced genetic material,” say from a plant pest, such as a virus or bacteria, it evades definition as a GM organism under the current rules. If you don’t add anything to a plant, it’s not engineered.
As Michael J. Firko, Deputy Administrator at the USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), said, “Consistent with previous responses to similar letters of inquiry, APHIS does not consider CRISPR/Cas9-edited white button mushrooms…to be regulated pursuant to 7 CFR part 340.”
Thus far, it is estimated that 30 new crops have been created slipping through this USDA loophole, and that is just in the past five years. As the technology spreads and becomes more and more commonplace we can expect to see that number skyrocket.
As Patty Lovera of Food & Water Watch said, “The USDA decision is a perfect illustration of how weak regulations for evaluating genetically engineered crops are.”
Indeed. It’s ridiculous that any jerk with an imagination and a few grand can alter the very stuff of life itself and his products will go completely unregulated. We have no idea what we’re doing, as usual. And as usual in this idiotic time, we are rushing headlong into the unknown without anyone sensible at the wheel, certainly not the USDA.


Norwich Research Park provides BBRO with ideal laboratory space for new aphid growth facilities to spearhead research and development of future virus yellows resistant sugar beet varieties, cementing the organisation’s position as the leading European authority in this field.
Beet virus yellows is a plant pathogenic virus, which is transmitted by important UK aphid species, causing a yellowing disease. It is a greater problem in the UK than elsewhere in Europe due to our maritime climate and the UK beet industry invests up to £7M annually on insecticides for aphid control, without which virus yellows could cause losses of up to £10M per annum. Recent EU restrictions on insecticide use and the development of insecticide resistance in aphids across Europe threatens to significantly increase the instances of virus yellows in UK grown sugar beet, damaging the competitiveness of UK sugar beet in world markets.
Mr Colin MacEwan, Head of BBRO commented: “It is vital for BBRO to proactively engage on this issue and Norwich Research Park remains the ideal location from which to expand our research capacity. The additional space will allow us to build a specialist aphid growth facility to breed aphids with yellows virus and identify virus resistant plants.”
Dr Mark Stevens, Lead Scientist of BBRO added: “We have identified wild beet that are tolerant or resistant to the effects of virus yellows and this trait has been crossed into sugar beet via collaboration with plant breeders. We propose to develop this resistance further by testing the new varieties for virus resistance, plant vigour and sugar yield. Development of these new virus yellows resistant sugar beet varieties will bring significant economic and environmental benefits to the UK and Europe.”
Norwich Research Park is a leading centre of excellence for bioscience with a unique collaborative environment between research and industry. The Park is currently home to more than 40 science and technology based businesses, with over 12,000 people, including 3,000 researchers and clinicians onsite. It is this concentration of world-leading scientists, coupled with the capacity for multidisciplinary research that has seen the Park develop into the thriving science and innovative business location that it is today.
Dr Sally Ann Forsyth, CEO of Norwich Research Park feels that BBRO’s choice to locate and expand on Norwich Research Park epitomises what the Park has set out to achieve. She said: “BBRO is a great example of how Norwich Research Park can help a business to thrive within a collaborative research and commercial environment. We not only provide flexible space options for growing companies to meet both their science and strategic objectives, but also the benefit of co-location at the heart of a collaborative research community where knowledge transfer and facility sharing helps to optimise value for everyone.
“With its plans for a new aphid growth facility, BBRO is another prime example of an organisation on Norwich Research Park that is leading in it’s field and committed to bringing the UK’s expertise in this sector to the forefront, not just nationally but internationally.”
Colin MacEwan went on to explain why expanding on Norwich Research Park was such an obvious choice: “The Park provides us with unique advantages as an organisation…the opportunity to collaborate with the world-class research institutions also based here, access to leading scientists and shared facilities such as the glasshouses at the University of East Anglia, and latest diagnostic hardware. In reality, this means we can invest more into research programmes such as virus yellows, which will ultimately increase the competitiveness and profitability of the UK beet industry, rather than expensive infrastructure.”
He concluded: “Our organisation has realised the power and value of leveraging others to work in partnership. Most of what we do is collaborative and partnership based – be that transferring knowledge between ourselves and the scientists on the Park, bringing together the farmers and scientists to learn practically from each other or interacting with agronomists and industry to help develop their understanding of the issues and attract funding. Norwich Research Park provides the ideal platform for us, supporting our objective to increase the competitiveness and profitability of the UK beet sugar industry in a sustainable and environmentally acceptable manner.”


Want A Healthy Lawn And Has It Been Your Dream?
Some people pay attention only to the cleanliness within the house. They think that their priority is to clean only the interior of the house. But I say, no. you have to pay attention to both inside and outside your house in a similar way. When a visitor comes to your place, your garden is the first thing he or she sees. Therefore, no matter how neat your house is, if your backyard is a mess then the first impression you give will not work.
Prepare the area for planting.If you have an idea of making a new lawn, first of all, you have to find a proper place. Sun light should penetrate to this area. Before you are getting started, remove all weeds and grass using a sod cutter or a grape hoe. Keep in your mind not to use herbicides.
Then it is very important for you to choose the grass. There are various types of grasses in the market. Take time to select a good type of grass. When you choose a grass, don’t choose according to the season. Choose something that will resist to any climatic condition. In this way, you will be able to have a healthy lawn.
Basically, when you install the new loan, plant the seeds, break the lawn into sections. Then you will be able to plant the seeds efficiently. Use a lawn spreader to plant seeds.
In the meantime, avoid watering them just after sowing the seeds. Water them night after sowing. We do this to stop washing away of the planted seeds. Water them lightly every other day until the grass blades appear. We know that you really want to walk in the new lawn. But if you do that, there’s a chance that the grass will be destroyed because they are not yet strong enough and the seeds take time to grow. So stay away from the lawn until the blades appear, check this awesome garden landscaping.
Maintaining the lawnWell, this is the hardest part. It’s easy to make a lawn, but not to maintain one. If you are a busy person, hire a gardener. For example, Garden maintenance Fremantle is one such service provider you might find in Australia.
They really take care of your lawn. You can call assistance from Garden maintenance Fremantle anytime you want, so that it will lessen the possibility of your garden being neglected by you.
If not, you have to take care of your lawn all by yourself. If it is so, you have to water your lawn occasionally. When the grass grows well, their ability of absorbance also rises up. So, when you water them, water them profoundly.
You have to mow your lawn at the right time. If not the grass starts do die from the root because they can’t get enough sunlight. However, keep in your mind not to mow the lawn when it’s wet. And after 10 hours of mowing, sharpen the blade. This will help you to have a healthy and attractive lawn. So it is not wrong to say that “To do gardening is to believe in tomorrow”.


Keeping up with routine lawn care and upkeep isn’t just a matter of personal preference; it’s crucial to the long-term health and vitality of your outdoor area. Your lawn is an integral part of your house, creating an outdoor space that is perfect for entertaining, lounging, and other leisure activities.
You should give your lawn the care and attention it needs regularly for several reasons, not the least of which is the fact that it will increase the value of your home and provide a more aesthetically pleasing backdrop to your landscaping.
In this article, we will discuss the many benefits of lawn care and upkeep, including the good effects it may have on the environment, the value of your house, and your health.
Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting, knowing the value of good lawn care practices will help you make smarter choices that will result in a greener, more flourishing lawn. Let’s dive into the world of lawn care and find out why it’s so important to your home and your happiness.
Why Is Basic Lawn Care And Maintenance Essential?
There are many reasons why regular grass care and maintenance are mandatory, check that here:
- Curb Appeal: A well-maintained lawn enhances the visual appeal of your property. It’s the first thing people notice when they approach your home, and a lush, green lawn can leave a positive impression on visitors, neighbours, and potential buyers if you ever decide to sell your home.
- Property Value: Proper lawn care can significantly increase your property’s value. A healthy, attractive lawn is a sought-after feature in real estate, and it can fetch a higher selling price if you decide to put your home on the market.
- Environmental Benefits: A healthy lawn contributes to a healthier environment. It helps control soil erosion, reduces heat and noise, filters pollutants from the air and water, and provides oxygen. It’s a small but important part of the ecosystem.
- Recreation and Relaxation: Lawns provide space for outdoor activities, whether it’s playing with kids, having a picnic, or simply relaxing in your yard. A well-maintained lawn makes these activities more enjoyable.
- Weed and Pest Control: Regular lawn care helps prevent the overgrowth of weeds and the infestation of pests. This, in turn, reduces the need for harmful chemical treatments, benefiting both your lawn’s health and the environment.
- Air Quality: Grass absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. Maintaining a lawn contributes to better air quality in your immediate surroundings.
- Cooling Effect: Lawns absorb and reflect heat, helping to lower the temperature around your home. This can reduce your energy bills during the hot months.
- Mental Well-being: Spending time in a well-kept outdoor space has been shown to reduce stress and improve mental well-being. The act of caring for your lawn can also be therapeutic.
- Community and Social Interactions: A well-maintained lawn can be a focal point for community activities and social interactions. It’s a place where neighbours can gather, kids can play, and events can be hosted.
- Preventative Maintenance: Regular lawn care can catch issues early, such as soil problems or disease, preventing them from becoming major and costly problems.
Regular lawn upkeep and care improves the quality of life for you and your neighbours, helps the environment, and can even increase the value of your home. It’s a necessary expense because it’s an investment that pays off in several ways for the homeowner.
Why Use A Lawn Service?
There are several reasons why hiring a professional lawn service makes sense:
- Expertise and Experience: Lawn service professionals are trained and experienced in all aspects of lawn care and maintenance. They know how to properly mow, fertilize, aerate, and manage your lawn to ensure it stays healthy and vibrant.
- Time-Saving: Caring for a lawn can be time-consuming, especially if you have a large or complex landscape. Lawn services can save you the effort of regular upkeep, allowing you to spend your time on other activities.
- Consistency: Lawn services offer regular maintenance schedules, ensuring that your lawn is cared for consistently. This consistency is essential for maintaining a healthy and attractive lawn.
- Equipment and Tools: Lawn service companies have access to professional-grade equipment and tools, which can provide better results compared to typical homeowner equipment.
- Customized Solutions: Professionals can assess your specific lawn and tailor their services to its unique needs, taking into account factors like grass type, soil quality, and local climate.
- Pest and Weed Control: Lawn service providers are often equipped to handle pest and weed control effectively, helping to keep your lawn free from unwanted intruders.
- Seasonal Adjustments: Lawn service professionals understand the changing needs of your lawn throughout the year. They can adapt their services to meet these seasonal requirements, such as overseeding in the fall or snow removal in the winter.
- Increased Property Value: A well-maintained lawn can increase your property’s value, and hiring professionals can ensure your lawn is in top condition, especially when you’re looking to sell your home.
- Lawn Health: Professionals can identify and address lawn health issues early, preventing problems from becoming more serious and costly.
- Convenience: Hiring a lawn service eliminates the need for you to store, maintain, and operate lawn care equipment. It simplifies the process and ensures that your lawn receives the care it needs without you having to do the work.
- Insurance and Liability: Professional lawn services typically have insurance coverage, reducing your liability in case of accidents or damage to your property during lawn maintenance.
- Enhanced Appearance: Lawn care experts can achieve a polished and manicured look for your lawn, improving its overall aesthetic appeal.
- Peace of Mind: Knowing that your lawn is in capable hands can provide peace of mind, reducing stress related to lawn care and maintenance.
Even though hiring a lawn service will cost money, many people decide it is worth it to reap the time savings, better lawn health, and higher resale value. An attractive lawn can be yours without the usual trouble and hard work if you opt for this solution.
Keeping up with routine lawn care and upkeep is important for more than simply the aesthetic value of your property; there are many practical, environmental, and even personal benefits. A lawn is a living ecosystem that can significantly affect the market worth of your home, the health of the surrounding ecosystem, and your quality of life.
Hiring a professional lawn care can be a smart move since they offer professionalism, reliability, and ease to the job of keeping your lawn looking great. Your property’s curb appeal, community interactions, and quality of life can all benefit from a well-maintained outside space, and a lawn service can make that happen for you with minimal effort on your part.
Whether or whether you should hire a lawn care professional depends on your specific requirements, personal tastes, and the amount of time and energy you are willing to put into maintaining your lawn. Regardless of the strategy you choose, the first step in keeping and improving your green refuge is to recognise the significance of basic lawn care and upkeep.
Taking care of your lawn, which is more than simply grass, may have many positive effects on you, your home, and the surrounding environment.


The brave to be Murray Chardonnay exhibits intense fruit aromas of citrus, peach with hints of tropical fruit, delicate oak overtones. The palate displays fresh and juicy fruit salad flavours of peach, melon and honeydew, with a light oak influence. Mouthfeel is soft and creamy with a full bodied texture, balanced acid and excellent length. Enjoy served with full flavoured seafood and chicken dishes.Download
This Cabernet Sauvignon shows vibrant red currents and spice notes with hints of cassis a d chocolate. The well integrated toasty oak complements the soft silky tannins. The wine finishes with excellent length and flavour.Download
Brightly fruited nose, packed full of mullberry and blackberry with hints of forest floor and a distinctive sarsaparilla herbal note. A dash of vanilla spice and dusty oak adds a more mature angle to this young energetic Shiraz. This Shiraz greets you with a lighter frame, but is packed full of driving red fruits, and touches of choc-orange, blood plum and vanilla. A fine tannin structure adds a well tamed textural element.Download
Our viticulturists were drawn here years ago by the almost perfect grape growing conditions and a genuine love of the land. While Nature plays a huge role, our vineyard team also works hard to make sure that this wonderful land gets its best chance to shine. Everything we do in the vineyard is aimed at leaving the soils in pristine condition. We rely heavily on organic fertiliser and pest control, as well as using recycled material for our vine trellising. We strive to ensure we have the right levels of soil biodiversity and use natural products to help our vines thrive through the heat of summer.
The Southern Murray Darling region sits at the junction of New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia, and is one of the most fertile regions in Australia, producing almost two-thirds of Australia’s agricultural output. Ancient soils, abundant sunshine and warm, dry weather combine to make this a unique part of our country. It’s also what we call home.
Long term use of onsite renewable energy that has avoided over 750 Tonnes of CO2 emissions and the equivalent of over 70,000 trees.
ISO-accredited environmental management practices for winery operations.
100% recyclable materials used in all new vineyard development trellising.
Working towards Freshcare Australian Wine Industry Standard of sustainable Practice accreditation for both vineyard and winery operations in calendar 2021.
We are working with Carbon Specialists on our emissions reduction & soil carbon program.
We are working with the University of Adelaide and actively partnering on our carbon sequestration and revegetation objectives.
We work closely with the NSW Government through the Saving our Species Program. The land is a recognised sanctuary for the endangered Regent Parrot species.
Formed a harmonious sustainable relationship with land we operate on through seeking environmentally-focussed partnerships with traditional owners, government agencies, academic institutes, and the broader community.
Substantial number of water-saving initiatives in place, including use of mid-row cover crops, wastewater recycling and reuse, and vineyard water efficiency programs.


CHEF SHIREL BERGER
Starting to cook at the age of 12, Shirel passionately learned the secret of the North African cuisine. She graduated from the Culinary Institute of America in 2014 and has been working for NYC's top restaurants.
When returning to Tel Aviv in 2015, Shirel first began to cook exclusively with vegetables fruits and seeds. This discovery and experience led her to a new style of cuisine, introducing her to the fine and unique art of cooking with vegetables
At Opa, we are dedicated to the exploration and discovery of the plant kingdom. Each dish on our 11 - course menu features one fruit or vegetable that is fully utilized through ancient and modern innovative techniques.
Chef Shirel Berger has always been fascinated by the mysteries of the plant world. We use the entire fruit or vegetable, including the peel, to reduce food waste and create new experiences of flavor, a change in thinking and fresh appreciation for the wonders of our planet.
Opa's vegetables are grown by local farmers who value organic agriculture and nurturing the soil, keeping it pure for harvest. The restaurant’s rooftop has a magical urban garden featuring organic vegetables, fruits, and wild herbs from the Holy Land.


3 edition of Recommendations on ways to improve pesticide policy in the Philippines found in the catalog.
Recommendations on ways to improve pesticide policy in the Philippines
by Environment and Resource Management Project (ERMP) Philippines in College, Laguna, Philippines, Halifax, N.S., Canada
Written in English
|Statement||Hajo Versteeg under the Environment and Resource Management Project (ERMP).|
|Series||ERMP reports -- 3|
|Contributions||Environment and Resource Management Project.|
|LC Classifications||SB970.4.P5 V47 1992|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||xiii, 30 p. ;|
|Number of Pages||30|
Six Ways to Create Economic Growth. here are a few common-sense proposals which would reverse the “new normal” with policies focused on economic growth. 1. Shapiro's latest book. The Philippines' Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (Filipino: Pangasiwaan sa Pataba at Pestisidyo, abbreviated as FPA), is a technical regulatory agency under Department of agency is responsible for assuring adequate supply of fertilizer and pesticide at reasonable prices; rationalizing the manufacture and marketing of fertilizer; protecting the Jurisdiction: Government of the Philippines.
Once you've determined a policy is necessary, document in writing your goals for creating the policy. When possible, tell employees why you are implementing the policy. Include enough details to make the company's position clear, but don't try to cover every potential situation. Keep the policy short and simple if possible. Some policies about Author: Susan M. Heathfield. Methods and Materials. The data for this study were gathered from research studies about agricultural practices and pesticide use in Benguet. Researches of Lu 3,4,5,6) primarily discussed pesticide use and exposure of the farmers, as well as pesticide residues found in vegetables, water and soil, and occupational health-related risk factors in Benguet Cited by: 7.
To share the news, you blast their accomplishments on your intranet and share them on your Slack channel. This effort illustrates that if you stick with the company, you too could have a similar victory. All in all, you will have acted as a great internal publicist, Author: Forbes Agency Council. Licensed Agricultural Pesticide Products Licensed Household Pesticide Handler ; Pesticide Regulatory Policies in the Philippines List of Registered Agricultural Handlers Banned & Restricted Pesticides; Pesticide Regulatory Policies and Implementing Guidelines and Procedures; Policy Guidelines on Biorational Pesticides.
Air Force officer specialty structure
A souvenir of the trans-continental excursion of railroad agents, 1870.
Preschool and primary education
History of childrens costume
Land use control
Childrens praise and prayer
Women and the Christian faith
European recommendations for the testing of profiledmetal sheets.
Organisation of the British port transport industry.
Systematics of ammobatine bees based on their mature larvae and pupae (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae, Nomadinae)
The magic in the weaving
Abstract. Health is recognized as one of the most important components of the human capital of rural people in developing countries. There is a growing body of literature showing the productivity effects of health associated with nutrition (e.g., Bliss and Stern, ; Strauss, ; Deolalikar, ; Pitt, Rosenzweig, and Hassan, ).In this literature, the productivity effects of health Cited by: Despite this, biopesticide usage in the Philippines and the world in general remains relatively diminutive.
Inefficiencies in registration of new biopesticide products are in part responsible. Regulation of pesticides and biopesticides in general is governed by the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA) agency in the by: 1.
The Science of the Total Environment, Supplement Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam Environmental concerns about pesticide use in Philippine agriculture Corazon C. Davis Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Reg Tuguegarao, Cagayan, Philippines ABSTRACT The use of pesticides in Philippine agriculture continues to Cited by: 5.
from book Impact of Pesticides on Farmer Health and the Rice Environment (pp) Pesticides, Productivity, and Farmer Health: A Philippine Case Study Chapter January with 1, Reads. In one study in north-east Luzon Island in the Philippines, school children were found to start working in vegetable plots as young as years of age.
As well as watering and other tasks, their roles involved pesticide preparation and application. The children reported health symptoms such as headaches. Changes in pesticide regulatory policy and guidelines. Here, the discussion is limited to the policy changes that directly affect the registration, importation, formulation, distribution, and sale of pesticides in the Philippines.
Although these changes started in the early s, the majority of the effort took place during the early to mid Cited by: In support of Government efforts to minimize risk due to the use of pesticide products, research on pesticide residues in food and the environment is part of the research activities at the National Crop Protection Center (NCPC), Crop Protection Cluster (CPC) at the University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB).
Presidential Decree Regulating the Fertilizer and Pesticide Industry in the Philippines Albert P. Aquino, Princess Alma B. Ani and Jamaica Angelica P.
Derequito  Background Inthe Philippines encountered significant decline in rice production due to typhoons and shortage of fertilizers spawned by the oil crisis. Reports show that 62% of pesticides sold in the Philippines are insecticides. Of these, 46% are applied to rice and 20% to vegetables.
Insecticides had become one of the major expenses of farmers that account for about 40% of total production : Gaia Discovery. that pesticide policy studies should start with an analysis of the existing situation of the agricultural sector.
An analysis of existing crop protection and pesticide policies is the main focus of the second section. Finally, details about farm and crop characteristics affecting pest management should be provided.
Consider investing in solar panels or other renewable energy sources for your home or business. Promote Conservation as a Consumer. Buy local foods and goods. In this manner, the use of fuel for transporting goods can be minimized. Look around your house or place of business for ways you could conserve s: The Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology is a comprehensive, two-volume reference guide to the properties, effects, and regulation of pesticides that provides the latest and most complete information to researchers investigating the environmental, agricultural, veterinary, and human-health impacts of pesticide use.
Written by international experts from academia, government. Pesticide use among farmers in Mindanao, Southern Philippines Article (PDF Available) in EAS Publications Series 7(1) January with 8, Reads How we measure 'reads'. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use.
The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. Antimicrobial Policies and Guidance. Antimicrobial Policies and Guidance - Guidance, science policy and protocols for registering antimicrobial pesticides.; Efficacy Requirements for Antimicrobial Pesticides - In addition to data requirements that apply to all pesticides, pesticides designed to control microbial pests such as viruses and bacteria must have data.
In the Philippines, the government agency that regulates the use of pesticides is the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA). This agency is primarily responsible for the registration of pesticide active ingredients and formulated products, and licensing of all pesticide handlers and pest control operators, and agro-medical training by: Follow all requirements on pesticide product labels.
Keep pesticides out of storm drains and gutters. Consider the characteristics of the application site (soil texture, slope, organic matter) before applying the pesticide. Be aware of the geology and the relative depth of the groundwater in your area.
FPA-approved Pesticides and Label Recommendations for Use in Asparagus Production. Memorandum Circular No.
Philippines Fertilizer and Pesticides Authority. The Philippine Maximum Residue Limits for Mango. Philippines Fertilizer and Pesticides Authority. The Philippine Maximum Residue Limits for Okra. Recommendations – 2nd FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Management 4 its implementation at, in particular, national and regional levels.
The Panel endorsed the general concept to develop a programme for implementation of the Code of Conduct asFile Size: 84KB. This book is old school and hard to find, but it is probably the best book to help you understand the fundamentals of organic gardening and the principles behind it.
It was written by the Dr. Bargyla Rateaver, the preeminent expert on organic farming who started the organic method in California and organized the first organic conference. In response to growing health concerns, the Philippine government instigated a suite of pesticide regulatory policies and implementing guidelines and launched Integrated Pest Management as a National Program to promote a safer and an ecologically sound approach to pest control.
The main aim of this study is to measure the economic benefits of the pesticide policy Cited by: Recommendation 1 —Community programs for youth should be based on a developmental framework that supports the acquisition of personal and social assets in an environment and through activities that promote both current adolescent well-being and future successful transitions to adulthood.
Serving Diverse Youth at the Community Level.Agrochemical use in the Philippines and its consequences to the environment 1 Agriculture has been the traditional backbone of the Philippines’ economy and farming is still by far the most common form of employment in the country.
The current industrial agriculture system promotes the reliance on agrochemicals, both synthetic fertilizers andFile Size: KB.


The Healthy Hybrid – A life in transition Various plants (in no particular order) that you can regrow from the food you already have! Woot! Way to reuse and recycle! I constantly have green onions and celery growing. (And potatoes/sweet potatoes but that just because they decided to do that in my pantry) Do you guys regrow any of your food?Apples- http://www.ehow.com/how_2135774_grow-apple-seeds.htmlTomatoes- http://www.ehow.com/how_5581958_grow-tomatoes-fresh-tomato-seeds.htmlPotatoes/Sweet Potatoes- http://www.gardenguides.com/117543-plant-cuttings-potatoes.htmlGreen Onions- http://www.17apart.com/2012/02/how-to-grow-green-onions-indefinitely.html http://tipnut.com/nifty-food-plants/Leeks- same technique as green onionsCarrot Tops- http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/children-in-the-garden/grow-carrot-tops.htm Pineapple- http://www.rickswoodshopcreations.com/Pineapple/pineapple.htm Romaine Lettuce- Same technique as celery Cabbage- Same technique as celery Celery- http://www.17apart.com/2012/02/growing-celery-indoors-never-buy-celery.html Avocado -http://www.thehungrymouse.com/2009/09/09/how-to-grow-an-avocado-tree-from-an-avocado-pit/ Lentils- http://foodstoragemadeeasy.net/2009/02/19/how-to-grow-sprouts/ Pumpkin- http://pinterest.com/pin/98375573080950437/ Ginger- http://www.gardenswag.com/2011/12/5-foods-you-can-grow-from-kitchen-scraps/ Garlic- http://www.gardenswag.com/2011/12/5-foods-you-can-grow-from-kitchen-scraps/ Bonus: Bok Choy - http://www.17apart.com/2012/02/how-to-regrowing-bok-choy.html SOURCE https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...977798075.66910.284822361593770&type=1&ref=nf If you’re really interested in this kind of kitchen food experimentation, you’ll be happy to know about a great book on the subject called Grow it, Don’t Throw It!: 68 Windowsill Plants from Kitchen Scraps by Deborah Peterson. She walks you through all the specifics of growing 68 different things from your kitchen supplies. The book is packed with tons of helpful information!


I have been reading from other people's experiences, particularly IWillTry.org, and got some good ideas I may try this coming winter.
First idea is to use dehumidifiers to increase comfort and produce some heat in the process. We could use two dehumidifiers in our home, one upstairs and one downstairs, each in the main living rooms. Our house is fairly damp, particularly downstairs, so a dehumidifier will increase comfort.
Second idea is to use a dehumidifier to dry cloth indoors. That should be fairly easy downstairs, by setting a small dehumidifier in the laundry room, with a drying rack. The dehumidifier could be set on a timer. For the upstairs laundry room, I will have to be a little more inventive.
Third idea is to grow plants indoors, using grow lights to compensate for short days. These grow lights will produce heat, that will heat the room. Basically, all the heat produced by the grow lights will be displaced from the main furnace. In theory, the grow lights won't use any extra energy. In practice, if I put the grow lights in the room where the furnace thermostat is, then the rest of the house will be a little cooler, or I will have to set the thermostat a little higher. Either way, it looks like growing plants indoor in the winter, using grow lights, does not use as much electricity as it appears at first. Plus I will have fresh salads all winter long.
Looks like I will have some fun projects this winter.


webXTREME: R-based web tool for calculating agroclimatic indices of extreme events
- Klein, Tommy and Samourkasidis, Argyrios and Athanasiadis, Ioannis N. and Bellocchi, Gianni and Calanca, Pierluigi -
We document the release of webXTREME, a new online tool for the evaluation of indices of climatic extremes (extreme temperatures and aridity) having impact on agricultural production. The tool is globally available and can be operated with either observed weather data or time series representing future climatic conditions. It is thus suitable for risk evaluation under climate change. webXTREME was implemented using Shiny, an open-source programming framework for creating web applications on the basis of the R Statistical Language.


I am happy to report we finally are producing ripe, beautiful tomatoes in the garden! This is an exciting moment. One of my absolute favorite things about summer are fresh tomatoes. I am so excited to make that trek to the garden every morning to find a few for my omelet.
I planted this year’s summer garden the beginning of May in my two raised beds planted plus large pots in the back near the pool. The beds always do a little better since they are consistently watered by my drip system.
A third pot was purchased this year so we could grow squash in the back. (That’s me excited to find the right “squash pot” at IKEA.) He sits between my tall tomato pots I’ve been using for a few years. So far it’s been an awesome addition. Nate and I needed a break from eating a million monster zucchini this summer so I went with a container squash instead. The size and quantity are easier to handle – although I will say that I prefer the gooseneck type of squash a little better. Maybe next year I can find a plant that has both qualities.
I try to water the pots as well as I can, but I already noticed a little tomato rot so I am not doing as well as I hoped.
Here’s the full list of what was planted and notes on how each is doing:
In the raised beds along the side of our house
(4-6 hours of sun with timed drip system)
- Blue Lake Long Beans – producing
- Japanese Eggplant – nothing so far
- Beefsteak – producing
- Cherry – producing
- Tomatillo – a few flowers so far
- Serrano – just starting to make peppers
- Cucumber – died
- Thai Basil – not as great as last year, but doing ok
- Oregano – going crazy
- Rosemary – doing well
- Peppermint – the butterflies and other insects love this guy
In containers in the backyard
(6+ hours of sunlight and watered manually)
- Porch Tomato – a few green tomatoes on it. bottom rot on a few.
- Container’s Choice Tomato – a few green tomatoes on it
- Japanese Eggplant – only one eggplant so far
- Papaya Pear Squash – producing
To summarize the notes above, our raised beds still have issues with bugs and spots which I think it largely due to the amount of sunlight they get. There isn’t much I can do on this point and luckily besides looking a little funky – the garden is thriving. Our pots definitely look better than the raised bed cousins, but the manual watering has caused issues like bottom rot. It’s a hard trade-off. With their placement next to the pool, I can’t use a drip line. So either I need to get better at watering or I will need to move them so I can install an automatic system. Either way, I am pretty pleased with this year’s crop. We have a lot of variety and an abundance of the veggies we can’t get enough of.
SO what am I making with all these veggies? Well, most of the time we grill them with a little salt and pepper or use them in salads. In the next few weeks, I hope to make my favorite tomato soup recipe once we all the tomatoes are producing. It is so good and I can’t wait to make batches to freeze. If all goes well, I will share it on the blog as well.
Happy Monday Everyone!


A lot of people who garden tend to stay away from the organic stuff because they’re afraid that bugs and disease will plague their crops. Relax. It’s not 1460 anymore. You simply do not need those added substances to make your garden grow vibrant and safely. Take a few minutes to read these organic gardening tips and find out how to grow plants naturally.
A great way to deal with weeds in a safe and nontoxic way, is to use a spray bottle of diluted dish soap to treat areas with overgrowth in your garden. Use a ratio of one tablespoon of mild dish soap per 16 ounces of water. Spray the weeds once a day and with in a week they should shrivel up and be easier to pull out.
When starting your organic garden, you must be sure you have the proper size containers because containers are crucial for holding your plants. Your containers should be around two or three inches in depth for them to be effective. In addition, you should make sure you have holes in the bottom of your containers for drainage purposes.
Create soil for your organic garden by composting. Composting is a wonderful way to re-use some items that you would normally throw away as garbage. It also provides for rich and fertile soil, without the use of chemicals and pesticides. Compost bins are available in many sizes to fit your specific needs.
Keep plastic bags handy to cover your muddy gardening shoes. Doing this prevents lengthy work interruptions, and allows you to finish the job quickly.
Location is very important to organic gardening. Your garden should be in an area that will get at least ten hours of sunlight during the summer. Prior to starting your garden, make sure that your location does not have any large obstructions that will cast shadows and block the sun. Plants need an adequate amount of sunlight to live.
A great tip when starting your own organic garden is to sprinkle milled sphagnum moss on your seeds in order to prevent damping-off. Damping-off is a fungal disease that will cause your seeds and seedlings to rot. If your seeds need light, you should sprinkle this moss before dropping your seeds in the moss.
To help spread mulch easily, you can use a flat-head rake or a bow. If you are using a rake, you should use the rakes tined edge to pull and spread your mulch. Use the flat side of the rake to even your mulch on the bed. You will want to use a light push then pull action.
Although there are many organic weed killers available on the market, it is often best and a real money saver to pull weeds by hand. If you keep up with it regularly, you can easily pull weeds before their roots are established. Wear gloves and be sure to pull out both the foliage and roots.
For organic fertilizer to use around the plants in your garden and flower beds, start a compost bin made from all-organic material that would otherwise be wasted. Pitch in yard clippings, leaves, vegetable peelings, eggshells and coffee grounds, turning the contents of the bin often. In just a short time, you will have great material to mix with your soil that will provide nutrients and nourishment to your plants without added chemicals.
Now as you can plainly see from the tips above, you will not need those added substances to assist in growing any type of plant, whether it’s a flower or a tomato. All you need is the right knowledge to ensure that your plants are getting what they need to grow strong and healthy.


by Grow Brothers
Grow Your Own Marijuana Plants by Playing the Online Video Game of Weed Farmer. * DEVELOPERS NOTE: This game is in BETA and will have stability issues as bugs are fixed and various phone model problems are addressed. IMPORTANT: Due to a glitch that will take about a week to fix, we ask that only players with 480x800 and 480x854 resolution devices works on BETA until further notice. * Grow Your Own Marijuana Plants by Playing the Online Video Game of Weed Farmer. Get ready to accept the challenges and reap the rewards as you increase your growing skills and bank account by farming 30 different strains of cannabis plants. Manage each stage of a plant's growth and production, from seed germination to the final harvest, you control it all. Upgrade your grow location from a small starting closet to a final massive warehouse. Choose from a large number of supplies and equipment to install for creating multiple specialized growing rooms. PUBLIC BETA SIGNUP STARTS 02/14/2011 Please Note: Weed Farmer is a fully online multiplayer game now in the beta stage. During this stage of the game we are looking to squash bugs by stress testing the app and game servers. We will be accepting a limited number of early players, if you are patient enough to deal with a BETA software experience. PLEASE DO NOT ONE STAR US FOR FORCE CLOSE ISSUES DURING THIS BETA. Frequent updates to the client will be published every 24-48 hours. Players will need to download and use the most recently published version. As a thank you to players who join during beta they will receive special growing equipment and other unique rewards. MUCH MORE THAN A VIRTUAL PLANT APP * 30 unique types of weed to grow, harvest, sell and collect. * Fully Online with dedicated servers storing each action you perform resulting in no loss of game data. * Fight off attacks by bugs and fungus while avoiding dehydration and nutrient deficiency. * Specialized grow areas allow for direct plant interaction during each stage of a plant's growing cycle. * Manage all aspects of growing such as lighting, ventilation, growing mediums, water supply, hydro pumps and many more. * Buff up your plants by adding fertilizer, regular watering and transplanting to different growing mediums. * Chat live in game with other growers to share tips and brag about your latest harvests. * Increase your growing skill to increase profits by learning to growing more difficult types of weed. * Leader boards show wealthiest growers, most skilled growers, highest yielding harvests and more. Weed Farmer V1.015 for Android
Download Weed Farmer Android Game APK to your phone for free.


As a result of its holistic and safe approach, coMra-Therapy is very effective in the treatment of plants too. This makes treatments with the Delta valuable, not only for Botanists, but for anyone who cares for plants.
If you are a person who takes pride in a small vegetable patch, pot plants around your home, or some window-boxes to add brightness and colour, you can help your plants through coMra-Therapy.
Seedlings and greenhouse plants will also benefit. Treatments can be given for diseased and sickly plants, as well as to stimulate health and vitality in growing plants. Although it is primarily designed for small plants and seedlings, larger plants may also derive benefits.
How to Treat Plants
Plants can be treated in three main ways:
1. Through direct scanning of the overall plant with the Delta
2. By applying water that has been treated in advance, using the Probe terminal, and
3. By treating the central root system, using the Probe terminal.


Solexx Greenhouse Kits – Durable, Energy Efficient and Easy to Assemble
Invest in a solexx greenhouse kits to extend your growing season and help your plants become stronger, healthier and larger. Designed for home gardeners and commercial nurseries, solexx greenhouses are durable, energy efficient and easy to assemble.
The twin-wall insulated panels let in evenly diffused sunlight enhancing plant growth and improving plant health. Solexx panels have an R-Value of 7 and a U-Value of 3. This is significantly higher than polycarbonate and double that of glass. The flutes in the plastic also promote air flow and reduce condensation that can be a problem with some other greenhouse coverings.
Solexx Greenhouse Kits: Durability and Efficiency for Year-Round Growing
Solexx panels are treated with a double UV inhibitor during the extrusion process and have a 10 year limited warranty against ultraviolet breakdown. They are easy to clean and do not scratch like polycarbonate. They are safe for children to touch and do not contain BPA’s found in polycarbonate.
All Solexx models are freestanding and do not require site preparation or a special foundation, and assemble easily with simple tools. They are made of a pultruded composite material that is strong and has the look of steel, but will not rust. They are white in color, allowing more light to penetrate the greenhouse.
The base of each greenhouse is fitted with a door for ground up ventilation and a vent that closes automatically in response to temperature changes (no electricity required). A recommended accessory is the ventilating system from Schaefer Ventilation which includes a motorized exhaust louver vent (8″ vent, 760 CFM) with thermostat, wiring and mounting kit and a circulation fan.


Enjoy your morning coffee while you can. As a new report by Lina Zeldovich of Quartz notes, your caffeine supply faces “an existential threat” from fungi, beetles and climate change.
It’s a rather eye-opening examination of the problems faced by the coffee industry, where half the land needed for production could disappear by 2050. But the biggest problem might be diversity (or lack thereof) in the beans themselves.
Most of the beans we like are produced by just one plant species, known as Coffee arabica. First discovered in Ethopia, C. arabica can be grown pretty much anywhere, but its uniformity means it may have lost important disease-resistant traits. So scientists are actually hunting down wild coffee species (there are up to 125 non-domesticated species) and sequencing the DNA of coffee beans from gene banks.
Robusta may at least partially displace Arabica, the latter of which is susceptible to high temperatures. But Robusta, which is more vulnerable to fluctuating temperatures, could suffer somewhat greater global losses overall. If the economics are favorable enough, some coffee production could potentially shift to higher altitudes or latitudes, the researchers suggest.
Still, up to 70% of those wild varieties could become extinct soon thanks to climate change and deforestation.


DIY Craft Parties
Craft nights where you can bring your projects and we’ll help you make them! Enjoy snacks and refreshments while you connect and share skills with your community.
Interactive Youth Education & Field Trips
What better way to teach children about health and sustainability than teaching them how to plant their own organic produce?
Community Garden Party
We will impact the community through creating and sustaining gardens utilizing creative and sustainable methods. With approval from local business owners and community centers we will create organic gardens that will help feed our high risk youth while also allowing opportunities for them to help farm the gardens.


Macedonia – wine country
As a wine country, Macedonia is both very old and very young, and has a rich wine history.
Macedonia has 24,000 hectares of vineyards and Macedonian wineries produce about 236,000 tons of grapes annually, which is equal to 220 million liters, putting the country in 25th place in the world. The official domestic consumption is about 10 million gallons, that’s only 5% of Macedonian wine production that is used for domestic consumption.
Macedonia was known through centuries as a country that produces wine, but producing quality wine began over ten years ago.
The production of grapes and wine is around 17-20% of GDP, and wine is second most exported product after tobacco.
Old wine country
Macedonian wine story has its roots from the 13th century BC. Ancient Macedonians made wine from grapes grown and mixed with honey because sugar helped its preservation. The wine was kept in amphoras in which olive oil was poured on top to stop wine breathing. Then amphorae was buried in the ground and thus it remained cold and matured respectively.
During the Roman Empire, Romans were responsible for spreading vines throughout Europe. They believed that the wine is a source of wealth and luck. During this period, Macedonia was one of the most famous regions for growing grapes in the Empire.
In the Byzantine period (till VII century) the cultivation of vines continued.
With the spread of Christianity, the presence of wine also increased. Wine was part of orthodox church ceremonies (rites) because it was believed that it represents the blood of Jesus.
During the Ottoman Empire (from XIV to the XX century) viticulture and wine-production in Macedonia extinguished since wine was forbidden according to Islamic laws. Thanks to Christian churches, wine making continued.
At the beginning of the 20th century,grapevine was represented on 30 000 hectares and was completely destroyed by phylloxera (Phylloxera vastatrix) till 1914, small insect that attacks the roots and leaves of vine wine.
In 1928 King Alexander Karadjordjevic decided to plant vineyards and to build a winery in Demir Kapija (Iron Gate tour.). The winery was named Villa Maria by his wife Mary. The property was bought with the money she received as dowry from her parents. There were other noble families that produced grapes and wine at that time.
After World War II, with the beginning of socialism, barrels and equipment for the production of wine which were owned by different families and small producers of wine, were nationalized. 13 wineries producing mainly bulk wine were established in Republic of Macedonia. On the other hand, there were more than 30,000 families that owned small vineyards. They sold their grapes to the 13 large wineries.
Rebuilding viticulture and increasing the areas under vines reaches its maximum in 1981 when 38,759 hectares were registered.
Young wine country
After separating Macedonia from Yugoslavia in 1990, the process of privatization of the oldest wineries began. But apart from the change of ownership, many things remained the same. All wineries continued to produce bulk wine in large quantities, under low-quality and low prices. But the potential was much higher.
The quality of wine depends on: the quality of the grapes, the quality of the equipment and the wine-maker. While equipment can be bought and the process of producing can be learned, the quality of grapes depends on the climate and terroir. These conditions are fulfilled in Macedonia, so produced grapes are of high quality.
Macedonia has a transitional climate from Mediterranean to continental. Summers are hot and dry and winters moderately cold. Average annual rainfall is 1,700 mm in the mountainous western parts and up to 500 mm in the eastern parts. The country has three climatic zones: temperate Mediterranean, mountainous and mild continental. Tikves region, located in the valley of the rivers Vardar and Strumica, where most of the grapes are grown, is the driest area of Balkan Peninsula. Warmest regions are Demir Kapija and Gevgelija, where temperatures in July and August often exceed 40 degrees Celsius. Slight wind in this region helps not to develop cryptogram infections.
Macedonia has nearly 260 sunny days a year. This helps in the long process of maturation when sugars and acids concentrate in the grapes, enabling rich color and complex aromas in the wines. The intense aroma of the Macedonian wines is a result of combined influence of the Mediterranean and continental climate, with warm days and cooler nights, and terroir rich in carbonates and minerals.
Today, vines in Macedonia are cultivated on around 24 000 hectares of which 70% of the vineyards are planted with wine grapes, and 30% with table grapes. The two most important varieties grown in Macedonia Vranac (red) and Smeredevka (white). Besides these two species, mostly known are Cabernet sauvignon, Merlot and Chardonnay.
Vranec is best known and most cultivated grape variety in Macedonia and represents 80% of all red wine varieties that are grown in this country.


(i) Sand Dune Stabilization
About 58 per cent of arid Rajasthan is under different types of sand dunes. These are grouped under two systems, old and new. Barchans and shrub-coppice dunes are newly formed and are the most problematic.
The other dunes are of the old system and are under various stages of reactivation. CAZRI has now developed appropriate technologies for sand-dune stabilization.
These include: (i) protection of dunes from biotic interference, (ii) development of micro wind breaks from the crest to the base of the dunes in the form of parallel or chess board pattern and (iii) reseeding of grass and creeper seed in between the micro wind breaks and transplanting of nursery-raised tree seedlings at the spacing of 5 x 5 m in between the micro wind breaks. Most suitable tree and grass species for the purpose are Israeli babul (Prosopis juliflora), Phog (Calligonum polygonoides), Mopane (Colophospennum mopane), Gundi (Cordia myxa), Sewan (Lasiurus sindicus), Dhaman (Cenchrus setigerus) and Tumba (Citrullus colosynthis).
Nearly 80 per cent of the sand dune areas belong to farmers and are mostly under monsoon cultivation. To stabilize such dunes, the technique is the same, but the whole dune should not be brought under tree cover.
Trees should be brought under tree cover. Trees should be planted in the form of strips. In between the two tree strips, crop/grass can be cultivated. By adopting this model, a farmer can get foodgrains and can stabilise his dune plot.
(ii) Shelter Belt Plantation
Considerable soil erosion takes place from the flat cultivated areas due to sandy nature of the soil and high wind velocity, which during summer months is sometimes as high as 70-80 km/ hr.
The soil loss is sometimes as much as 5 tons per hectare. If shelterbelts with 3-5 rows of trees are planted across the wind direction, soil erosion can be minimized.
The shelterbelts reduce wind velocity by 20-46 per cent on the leeward side of the shelterbelt at 2H to 10H distance and the soil loss is only 184 kh/ha, as against 546 kg/ha form areas without shelterbelts. Moreover, soil moisture is 14 per cent higher in such areas as compared to the areas without shelterbelt and grain yield of pearl millet increases by 70 per cent. The fuel and fodder requirements can be met through lopping of trees, which will also maintain the desired porosity of the shelterbelts.
(iii) Aerial Seeding
Due to sandy nature of the soil, the water holding capacity is very low, with the result that sowing of seeds needs to be completed within two to three days to favour germination. Conventional methods of afforestation are inadequate for revegetation of such a large and inaccessible tract having low moisture, erratic rainfall and loose sandy soil. Therefore, aerial seeding could be practiced.
This technology has been used by different drought-prone states of India, like Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. The seeds of different trees and grasses are mixed and mass seeding is done from aerially in the pre-monsoon as well as post-monsoon period. The seeds are polluted using soil, polymer and farmyard manure.
The germination of grasses and tress is about 70-80 per cent. However, due to severe grazing pressure and high moisture stress, the seedling mortality could be of a very high order. A study revealed that under such conditions only one to two per cent trees could establish themselves in the successive years.
The grass population increased in the successive year, but again due to grazing pressure, the grasses were uprooted. The process should therefore, be repeated continually for four to five years, so that in a good rainfall year, there can be good establishment. The area should also be protected from biotic interferences.
(iv) Silvipasture Systems
Indiscriminate cutting of vegetation for meeting fuel and fodder requirements is accentuating desertification. In order to control it, there is the need to follow a systems approach.
This helps in reducing solarization and wind erosion and thus increases productivity on a long-term basis, besides conserving resources and also to provide economic stability. If trees alone (Acacia tortillas) provide 60q/ha of fuel wood and grasses provide 46 q/ha, then a combination was shown to yield 50 q/ha fuel wood and 55.8 q/ha of grass. Various trees and grass combinations provide opportunities to suit different ecosystems.
(v) Agronomic Manipulations Minimum Tillage
Tillage of agricultural land is necessary, particularly from the point of view of seedbed preparation, moisture conservation and weed control. Excessive tillage under dry conditions, however, breaks unstable clods and exposes the soil to wind action.
The common practice with the farmers of the region is to invert the soil after three to four years of cultivation, with an objective of capitalizing on the fertile sub-soil for crop production, particularly under non-fertilizer use production systems. This practice, however, seems to accelerate wind erosion.
The results of a study (Gupta, 1993) revealed that excessive tillage before monsoon lowers the percentage of clods of more than 5 mm size and also markedly increases the wind erosion, reduced tillage, on the contrary, provides better clod size distribution and significantly reduces wind erosion. In vulnerable areas therefore, summer tillage should be discouraged. Limited tillage after first showers and optimum soil moisture content help in clod formation, creation of a rough surface and thus minimize wind erosion.
(vi) Conservation Tillage/ Farming
Conservation tillage/farming for soil and moisture conservation and fuel economy are now practiced in the developed countries. Types of tillage, however, depend upon soils, climatic conditions and the crops to be grown. On a loamy sand soil under unirrigated conditions and with an average rainfall of about 300 mm, reduced tillage of one disking and sowing has been found to be adequate in increasing the production of pulse crop of mungbean, cluster bean and cowpea. For sandy soils (highly vulnerable to wind erosion), however, further reduced tillage may be adequate.
(vii) Stubble Mulch Farming
Crop residues protect the soil against wind erosion during the periods between cropping. It is an excellent control measure if managed properly.
The practice of using crop residues as stubble mulch began in North America as early as in 1910. Undisturbed residues in upright position are normally more effective than grazed or flattened ones. Crop residues of 2 to 5 tonnes/ha and pearl millet stubbles of 45 cm height were found very effective in preventing the blowing of sand from the sandy soils of Bikaner.
Crop residues like stubbles of 30-45 cm height should, therefore, be left over in agricultural land. Long stubbles of coarse cereals, however, have generally been found to be more effective than equal quantities of short stubbes. Crops with relatively more residues should be grown on vulnerable soils. In arid areas, however, the availability of crop residues for mulch purposes is generally low. In such situations, the perennial weeds could be killed and left over as organic mulch on the soil surface.
(viii) Strip Cropping
Strip cropping for wind erosion control is alternative plantation of erosion-susceptible and erosion-tolerant crop, perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction.
The main advantage of the systems is that the erosion-tolerant strips reduce the velocity of the prevailing wind, trapsaltating sand particles and thereby control soil avalanching. Therefore, narrow strips are more effective in reducing wind erosion in lighter soils. The width of the strip, however, depends upon the type of soil and the type of crops to be grown. It varies from 6 m in sand to 30 m in sandy loam.
Establishment of strips of perennial grasses of right angle to the prevailing wind direction in the CAZRI farm at Jodhpur reduced the impact and threshold velocity of wind to the minimum and checked the erosion. Consequently, crop grown in between the protective strips recorded increased production.
The grass vegetation, besides reducing wind velocity and erosion, helped in forming surface crust and in binding the sand particles. Agricultural lands can, therefore, be protected with strips and the marginal land can be put under complete grass cover.
(ix) Judicious use of irrigation Water
Irrigation plays a significant role in arresting desertification through its effect in promoting the establishment and growth of vegetation. In the highly sandy and dune covered areas, the sprinkler system of irrigation could be effectively used for raising crops and other vegetation.
This has been found to economies water and increase the production of Lasiurus sindicus in the extreme western part of Rajasthan. Excessive use of irrigation water, however, leads to rise of water table and reduces crop yield.
(x) Control of Mining Activities
Presently these mine spoils are either barren or have sparse vegetation cover (5-8 per cent), but need to be vegetated. Some of the xerophytic tree species like Prosopis juliflora, Acacia tortilis, Colophospernum and Dischrostachys have adopted well under arid conditions and could be used in revegetating the mined wastelands.


JTM Activator Fe/N 5-0-0
Promotes rich green color and growth on all turf, ornamentals and consumables.
JTM Activator Fe/N 5-0-0 is humate based formula developed to provide nitrogen and iron on turf and ornamentals to promote both rapid green-up and long lasting color.
It is well suited for use on fairways and roughs as well as high traffic areas such as tees and sports turf where maximum wear recovery is essential.
- An excellent source of highly available iron and manganese
- Stimualtes beneficial biological activity in the soil
- Provides stable organic carbon to balance nitrogen use
- Provides immediate and long term color response
- Greatly improves both the physical and chemical charateristics of the soil
- Reduces fertilizer, chemical and pesticide requirements
- Minimizes wear recovery times on soccer/sports fields
- Triggers thatch degrading organisms
JTM Activator Fe/N Also:
- Reduces salts (EC) and releases "locked-up" nutrients in the soil
- Naturally cleanses the soil of toxic residues
- Improves nutrient up-take over a wider pH range
- Increases the soil CEC, improving nutrient cycling
- Increases resistance to disease and pests
- Reverses the damage caused by the use of animal based products and those with imbalanced nitrogen content
- Increases vital protein and carbohydrate levels in turf
- Reduces plant stress
JTM Activator Fe/N 5-0-0 does not contain animal proteins or high levels of heavy metals and salts associated with animal bi-products.
Net weight 50 lbs. (22.68 kg) Use only as directed.
Made in USA


These days if you go anywhere online, you’re sure to find a blog or an article that reiterates about the natural weed killers. Natural weed killers quite rave currently in the market. There are quite a few remedies that are being thrown around that you can use from your cupboard to kill the toughest and the hardest of the weeds from your yard.
But the question remains, do they really work? And if they do then how? Well, we here will look into a natural weed killer and see if they really work or not.
What’s the fuss about natural weed killer?
The laws and garden of ours tend to get filled with weeds and grass. The grass tends to get died down but the weeds and more tend to stay on for long. Removing the weeds manually can be a cumbersome task as you need to go through every inch of the blade and then remove it one by one. It’s why people prefer using chemical or homemade weed killer to kill the weeds from the roots.
Natural weed killer tends to treat the weed and remove it without creating any harm to the plants and garden. It’s a good option to go for in place of the chemical ones.
Natural weed killer and its effectiveness
Natural weed maker is normally made out of vinegar, borax, and salt. Vinegar normally contains acetic acid so when you spray it on the weeds then the weeds can be killed for. But according to the research, vinegar only treats those parts of the plant which come into contact with vinegar. So if there are any perennial weeds, then those will return again. For using vinegar as a natural weed killer, you need to have a herbicidal vinegar rather than the one in the kitchen as the kitchen based vinegar doesn’t comply enough to be powerful for weed killing. Vinegar can also damage the soil as it is an acid and it can lower the pH balance of the soil.
People use salt and borax for weed killing and this technique has been used for a long time. Using salt and borax for long period of time may damage the soil more than offering the good. Borax cannot break down like the chemical-based weed killers and can affect the soil and make it barren. Salt also tends to destroy the delicate structure of the soil and can move around in the soil which may damage other plants in the soil of your garden.
Natural weed killer or commercial option?
The thing about the weed killer is that you can make it effective if you know how to use it. Many people still use the natural-based weed killer to pretty effective route. But if you want to keep the weed to die down and keep it at bay for six months to a year, then commercial based weed killer is the best option for you. Even if you go for a commercial option, you don’t have to buy gallons of it. Just buy a small can or bottle of it and you can use it to kill the weeds. Try out the natural and the commercial weed killer and you can find whichever suits you the best.


For many gardeners who live in temperate climates, spring is the ideal time to transfer plants and give them the freedom to grow outside or in a new space. Transferring can be dangerous for your leafy plants, no matter how hardy they are or where you’re transplanting them. Avoid the worst-case scenario by learning how to transplant plants without killing them and give your vegetation all it needs to survive the initial shock of a new home.
Set up Your Plants’ New Spaces Before Moving Them
Whenever possible, always prepare the new homes before relocating your plants. However, this may not be feasible for situations where you’re moving to a new house. Preparations are different for each gardening method, so you may need to either dig a hole in an outdoor garden, prepare your larger container for a potted plant, or set up your alternative garden in the greenhouse.
Once you’ve prepared the new locations, mark each one with a tiny sign to keep your garden organized. Moistening the areas with fresh water will prevent some of the shock that comes with moving.
Transplanting the Plants
Now comes the stressful part—transplanting. Before you dig out the plant from its old home, mark a large area around where you believe the roots end. Cut off excess or dying growth and stems to give your plants as much energy as possible to make it through transfer shock. When digging out the plant, try to avoid cutting through any roots. If you cut through some ends, don’t panic—just transfer the plant like normal.
If transferring the plant to a similar garden, leave the dirt on the plants’ roots for added protection. Place them in their new homes as soon as possible and gently cover any gaps with the new soil. When transferring from soil to a more unique gardening method, such as hydroponics, you may need to remove the dirt and gently clean the roots before completing the transfer.
The final steps for how to transplant plants without killing them involve the care you give them over the next few days. Your plants will need plenty of water to survive the sudden transfer to a new home. After replanting them, immediately water them.
Plants need to focus all their energy on taking root in their new location—you can make sure this happens by shading the area for at least two days after transferring, especially if it’s in direct sunlight. This prevents them from photosynthesizing and using the energy to grow upward.
Water the plants every day and give more water to any plant that seems to be slumping. Once you’ve completed the process as carefully as you can, your precious plants will have the highest chance at survival and will enjoy the beautiful spring air.


The kale is a kind of variantion of crucifera kale brassiaca,just like wild Brassica oleracea,it is a biennial herb.Its scientific name is Brassica Oleracea var acephala .It is a kind of product with rich nutrition and high nutritional value .
The organic kale powder
All the organic kale grass powder are made of fresh organic kale grass leaves ,which was processed into different mash powder by dehydration machine at low temperature ,the pneumatic cracker and many other advanced things.Its outlook is green powder and it has sweet and herbaceous taste.
The characteristic of organic kale powder
1.All the materials we use are 100% organic kale,without adding any additives and preservative.
2. All the materials we use are planted in our own organic planting base ,and we do not use any fertilizers ,pesticides and other chemicals,which can ensure the safety quality of our products.
3.From the planting、harvesting and processing,this product has its own sound operating specifications and traceability systems ,so as to ensure the safety and traceability of our products.
4.The products have passed the European Union “EEC"，the United States "NOP"(ECOCERT AS F-32600 certification),Japan "JAS" organic food certification ,China "COFFC" organic food certification ,and KOSHER certification ,up to now ,it has draw the attention of the discerning people.
All of those can ensure the naturality and high quality of our products.
The nutritional function of organic kale powder
The organic kale has lots of vitamin A 、vitamin C、vitamin B2 and many kinds of minerals ,such as calcium 、iron 、potassium .
◆The organic kale contains vitamins ,which is an essential compounds to maintain our body's normal growth ,and acts a role of catalyst to promote the synthesis and degradation of the key nutrients ,so as to control the metabolic.
◆The organic kale contains chlorophy ,which can prevent anemia ,and can promote the discharge of the body metabolism and cell waste.
◆The organic kale contains carotene ,it can change into vitamin A after it is intaken by the digestive organ ,it can also maintain the healthiness of our eyes and skins ,improve the night blindness, and make the rough skin conditions better, what's more ,it can help the body avoid the free radical damage.
◆Its rich calcium is easy to be absorbed and is a kind of good healthy food for supplying
◆Its plentiful potassium can prevent the stroke ,anti-hypertensive ,and protect our heart.
◆The amount of heat in the organic kale is only 209 joule ,so it is a kind of the ultimate food for body building and slimming.
◆It has been called a kind of "anticancer vegetable" ,the abundant Selenium plays an important role in protect cardiovascular disease and anti-cancer .
◆The organic kale contains the nutrients “isothiocyanate”，which can prevent thrombosis ,sterilization and active the detoxification enzymes .When the Dioxin-like toxic substances go into our body ,the isothiocyanate can active the detoxification enzymes in our body so as to protect it.
◆The organic kale is recommended by the international health organization to be the good food for the prevention and treatment of children's night blindness .
◆The organic kale contains powerful antioxidants ,which can keep the body from the free radical damage .its Pre-SOD can anti-aging ,and can play some role in curing cardiovascular disease ,kidney disease ,diabetes and cancer ;its 2-O-GIV can reduce the peroxidation of arterial lipid ,so as to reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis ;it can also anti UV ,so it is also suitable for the person who often exposes to the weather or has sunburn .
◆The organic kale contains Difructose anhydride(DFA)is a newly found nature functinal sweetener, which can improve the absorption of calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper etc, give a rise to the growth of bones, prevent colon cancer.


A Large Seasonal Inventory of Farming & Garden Supplies
When spring comes, you’ll be ready thanks to 108 Building Supply Ltd and our large seasonal inventory of farming and garden supplies in the Cariboo. Whether you need materials for your animal fencing, including fence posts, wires, rails, gates or pressure-treated lumbers, or garden items to build your very own greenhouse, you’re sure to find what you need within our yard. Our seasonal garden items range from plants, shrubs and trees to fertilizers, lawn seed and accessories. We also have the following for your garden:
For more information about our inventory or pricing, please either pay us a visit or contact us!


Letter to the Editor
Statewide biofuels standard
Friday, March 26, 2021
The Iowa Legislature is making a decision on the adoption of a statewide biofuels standard. As a farmer and consumer, I look to biodiesel as a way to improve our environment and our rural economies. Biodiesel is a renewable energy source that reduces greenhouse gases by up to 86%. This is a substantial contribution to improving our local environment. Having a biodiesel standard is a step forward in decreasing our carbon footprint and it supports nearly 4,000 jobs in our state.
As a soybean farmer, the use of biodiesel has improved the profitability of my farm, as well. The biodiesel industry adds about 13% to every bushel of soybeans I sell. In 2020, this resulted in a $1.17 per bushel. With the lower soybean prices over the past several years, the use of soybean oil in biodiesel adds certainty to a domestic market during otherwise downed economic times.
The states of Minnesota, Missouri and Illinois have biofuels standards that have been in place or are in the works right now. Minnesota has proven that biodiesel can continue to perform in cold weather.
I would encourage everyone to support any legislation that increases the use and availability of homegrown biodiesel.


Fall 2017, Starts in September 2017
Fall semester starts when the weather in Israel is still very hot.
Toward the end of September the weather starts to cool down and maybe a little chilly at night.September is the month of Israeli holidays: Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, and Sukkot. In Sukkot two big events take place on the farm : the festival of Sukkot and the Annual celebration of Israeli Permaculture Organization. Eco participants take an active part in both events. In November the weather cools . Unfortunately there is not enough rainfall in Israel, so we are very pleased when it rains. The valley and the surrounding hills turn green and starts blooming. In December we celebrate Hanukkah, the festival of lights and light a menorah every night. In January, we have another event – Tu Bishvat happening, it is the trees New Year . February is usually the beginning of spring, the weather heats up gradually.


District 1 - Randy Kramer
Bird Island, MN 55310
Cell: (320) 979-4208
Commissioner Randy Kramer resides on a farm northeast of Bird Island where he has raised corn, soybeans, sugar beets, peas and sweet corn for more than 40 years. He graduated from Bird Island-Lake Lillian High School and Willmar Vo-Tech with a degree in Ag Farm Operations and Management and has attended several continuing education courses to improve his knowledge as a commissioner. He and his wife, Linda, have two adult daughters, Leah and Rachel. Kramer began representing District 1 as a Renville County Commissioner in January of 2013 with goals of serving the public, giving back to his community and helping guide policy for moving Renville County forward. He feels honored to serve as a commissioner and looks forward to further serving his constituents.
Current Member of:
Kramer is currently a member of the Minnesota Farm Bureau, Farmers Union, Corn Growers Association, and Soybean Growers Association.
Past service includes local corn and soybean boards, Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Coop (SMBSC), Minnesota Farm Bureau, a past board member and chair of the Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources (BWSR), and a past chair of the Environment Committee for the Association of Minnesota Counties (AMC).
Roads, Drainage Ditches and Real Estate Taxes
2022 Committee Assignments


Medieval Farmer Simulator Download Free PC Game Full Version. Download Medieval Farmer Simulator Free through torrent link. Free Medieval Farmer Simulator PC Game Download via direct link too.
ABOUT THIS GAME
Medieval Farm Simulator is an opportunity to move to medieval times and become a farmer. You have only primitive tools to:
- Create croft for your cattle, for example cows, chickens, sheep and others – use wood, nails and hatchet;
- Prepare the ground using medieval ways of soil fertilization to giving you plants the best conditions of growing. It’s just your decision what kind of plants you will cultivate;
- Repair the old farm equipment, which is necessary to running the farm, for example attach the wheel to the wheelbarrows using the metal screw;
- Renovate damaged buildings on you farm to protect your property and harvest against the destruction. For example, patch the holes in the old roof using the new boards and hay;
- Become the medieval farmer by taking part in medieval harvest – use right equipment to cut the grain and prepare the sheaves. Discover, how to secure it against atmospheric conditions.
- OS: Windows XP/Vista/8/8.1/7/10
- Processor: 3.2GHz
- Memory: 8 GB RAM
- Graphics: GTX 970
- DirectX: Version 10
- Storage: 17 GB available space
Download File Complete.
- Extract file using WinRAR.
- Install Setup.exe.
- Run Game.
- Then Enjoy!!
Medieval Farmer Simulator Download Free PC Game
Download the Medieval Farmer Simulator pc game by clicking the below download button. We are offering the live and working download links. The download links are checked, Download speed is not limited. Download Medieval Farmer Simulator through a single direct link. If you face any problem in downloading the game or installing the game


Lots of people love craft beer, but not everyone knows how its made. Here is some basic information about the brewing process. For more in-depth information (and to sample our beers) book a brewery tour here
What’s beer made out of?
Know Your Terms:
Brewing water affects the beer in a few ways: It affects the pH of the beer, which affects how the beer flavors are expressed to your palate; it also provides “seasoning” from the sulfate-to-chloride ratio (to ensure the highest quality, we first run our water through a 3 stage filtration process that strips the water to almost pure H20. We then adjust the Ph and recreate the desired mineral profile depending on the style of beer we are making)
Yeast: Single celled organisms that feed on the sugars provided by the malt and produce C02 and alcohol as a side product. Keeping your yeast happy is critical to making a good beer, while sanitation is vital to make sure they don’t have any competition. Different yeast strains fermented at different temperatures will impart characteristics such as fruity notes, clove, sweetness, dryness, sourness, etc.
Malt: germinated cereal grains that have been dried in a kiln. When the grain germinates it produce enzymes that convert the starches and proteins into sugars. These then become the food for the yeast.
Hops: the flower from the plant Humulus Lupulus. All beers have hops in; these tasty wee flowers impart bitterness, taste, and aroma. Depending on the variety, the conditions, and the soil in which the hops are grown, hops can impart a huge variety of flavors, from fresh cut mangoes to earthy herbal notes. Hops produce an essential oil from their lupulin glands, consisting of acids. Alpha acids impart bitterness to a beer and are extracted by adding hops at the beginning of the boiling process, Beta acids are a lot more fragile and add flavor and aroma; additions of hops towards the end of the boil-in transfer and in the fermenters (dry hop) help add awesome taste and aromas to the beer.
What's the process?
Milling: Malt needs to milled before it can be used to make beer. Milling splits the malted grains and begins the process of breaking down the starches and proteins into sugars.
Mash Tun: Milled malted grain is loaded into the mash tun. Warm water is then circulated through the malt tank, the warm water activates the enzymes from the malted barley that then break down the malt into different types of sugars. Different Enzymes are active at different temperatures and Ph.
Alpha amylase enzymes get to work at higher temperatures and yield a less fermentable, sweeter beer. Beta amylase work at slightly cooler temperatures and produce thinner bodied dryer beers.
The liquid produced in the mash is called wort. Wort is then transferred to the boil kettle.
Boil Kettle: The wort is boiled to sterilize the beer, and to allow the protein to precipitate, or “break” from the wort so it can be filtered out. Hops are added at this time for bitterness flavor and aroma.
Fermentation Tank: The beer is transferred to a sealed sterile tank, where yeast is added to allow fermentation. After the yeast has converted the sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide and other compounds that add flavor, it collects at the bottom of the tank and is removed by a process called “cold crashing”: The beer is rapidly chilled, causing any remaining yeast to flocculate (to drop out), improving the clarity of the beer.


Feb 24, 2016 Download Farming Simulator 16 and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. As the newest in the series of Farming Simulator games, this game has. Tractor: Farm Driver - Free 3D Farming Simulator Game Animal
Feb 22, 2018 · I Made $246,397,197,269 by Deleting the Internet - Startup Company gameplay - Let's Game It Out - Duration: 19:56. Let's Game It Out Recommended for you how to install farming simulator 16 in pc in free - YouTube Jun 21, 2016 · CRAIGSLIST FIND! BUYING A RUSTY CHEVY K30 TRUCK (DOESN'T RUN) | FARMING SIMULATOR 2019 - Duration: 22:35. The Squad 457,231 views Download Farming Simulator 16 for Windows Latest Version 2020 Download Farming Simulator 16 for Windows latest version 2020, 100% safe and virus free. Farming Simulator 16 has been downloaded 15532 times this month! Click now to download it. Free Farming Simulator 16 - Free downloads and reviews
Jun 25, 2019 · Farming Simulator 19 Free Download Latest Version for PC, This Game with all files are checked and installed manually before uploading, This PC game is working perfectly fine without any problem. It is full offline installer setup of Farming Simulator 19 for supported hardware version of PC. Buy Farming Simulator 16 - Microsoft Store en-GB Aug 10, 2015 · Download this game from Microsoft Store for Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 10 Mobile, Windows Phone 8.1, Windows Phone 8. See screenshots, read the latest customer reviews, and compare ratings for Farming Simulator 16.
Jun 30, 2017 Farming Simulator 16 allows you to manage your own realistic farm in $4.99 GIANTS Software Windows 10/Mobile Version Full Specs.
Feb 15, 2018 Download Farming Simulator (2019) for Windows PC from SoftFamous. 100% Safe and Secure. Free Download (64-bit / 32-bit). Farming Simulator 15, free and safe download. Farming Simulator 15 latest version: A New Generation Farming Simulator. A new farming game has arrived
Farming Simulator 19 Free Download PC Game Full Version Farming Simulator 19 Free Download PC Game ABOUT THIS GAME The best-selling franchise returns this year with a complete overhaul of the graphics engine , offering the most striking and immersive visuals and effects, along with the deepest and most complete farming experience ever . Farming Simulator 19 Platinum Expansion torrent download Studio GIANTS Software announced Platinum Expansion — an DLC Update to Farming Simulator 19. The premiere of DLC is scheduled for October 22 this year. On the same day, a version of the game Farming Simulator 19 Platinum Edition will appear. Farming Simulator 19 Platinum Expansion PC free download torrent. 64-bit Windows 7, Windows 8
Sep 17, 2018 · Farming Simulator 19 for PC, PlayStation 4, Xbox One is the latest instalment of the hit series about land cultivation. Once again, this production was made by developers from GIANTS software and was released on both consoles and Windows PC. To play as an owner of a prosperous farm, click on Farming Simulator 19 skidrow Download and become a fan of farming simulation games. Farming Simulator 15 PC Game - Free Download Full Version Oct 27, 2016 · Farming Simulator 2015 (Video Game), FS 15 Full Version, PC Game, Download Free Before downloading make sure that your PC meets minimum system requirements. Minimum System Requirements OS: Windows Vista/7/8 Processor: 2.0 GHz Intel or equal AMD-Processor RAM: 2 GB Hard Drive: 3 GB Free Video Memory: 512 MB OF (ATI RADEON HD 2600/NVIDIA GEFORCE 8600…


What happens after the fruit is picked and before it arrives in our roastery
We often talk about cultivar or region affecting the way a coffee tastes, but equally important is the way that a coffee is processed. Two techniques—natural (or dry) processing and washed (or wet) processing—turn ripe coffee cherry into green coffee that’s ready for export. Within the two techniques, endless variations give farmers or producer groups the opportunity for their artistry to shine.
Knowing what natural and washed mean will help you understand what you like best in our coffees, because the two methods influence flavor and mouthfeel in very different ways.
NATURAL COFFEE: THE ORIGINAL METHOD
Of the two methods, natural processing is the older technique, whereby whole coffee cherry dry intact on raised beds, patios, or mats. Once the fruit is entirely dry, it’s either stored for a period of months or hulled right away to remove the outer skin and the inner parchment. All that remains are the two seeds—known more commonly as beans.
Natural processing originated in places without reliable access to water, like parts of Ethiopia and Yemen. The technique makes sense there, where temperatures are hot and the sun is powerful. In these conditions, the drying coffee cherry have little chance to mildew, as compared to places like Cobán, Guatemala, where perpetual mist falls throughout harvest season.
When processed well, natural coffees articulate fruited flavors rarely experienced in washed coffees. Notes of blueberry and strawberry might perfume a cup, so that even those new to coffee tasting are able to pinpoint the exact flavor. In a very real way, the beans absorb essences of the fruit’s drying flesh. That’s why natural coffees exhibit a wide range of vivid fruited and sometimes wine-like notes, along with greater body and less acidity.
Natural processing is not without risks. If the drying cherry are not frequently raked, the fruit can ferment or spoil, and the resulting coffee can taste sour or yeasty. When we source natural coffees—often from Ethiopia, but more recently from Uganda and Myanmar—we’re looking for clarity of flavors, whether they are fruited, tart, or boozey. For naturals used in our blends, we go after syrupy and jammy coffees that have a fruit-forward lingering finish. Natural coffees are exciting, because they have the potential to show off a region’s terroir in a unique way—a result of the coffee beans' prolonged contact with the original fruit.
WASHED COFFEE: THE MORE CONSISTENT METHOD
Most of the coffee that most anyone drinks is washed coffee, or coffee that’s been wet processed. It’s the more reliable of the two methods, producing coffee with higher acidity, which is just another way of saying brightness. (You may not identify with the word “acidity,” but it’s a quality that producers and roasters alike are after in the most standard of cups.)
The basic method begins with sending the just-picked coffee cherry through a pulping machine, which removes the outer skin while leaving the pulp (also called mucilage) clinging to the seeds inside. The pulp-covered seeds are then soaked in water and periodically agitated to encourage the pulp to fall off. Fermentation follows, where the seeds sit in water for anywhere between a few hours to a couple of days, depending on the climate, equipment used, and the producer’s preference.
Following fermentation, the beans are rinsed thoroughly and then dried, either outdoors on raised beds, or in a mechanical dryer. Climate and equipment dictate how many days this final step takes.
ROOM FOR INTERPRETATION: HONEY PROCESS AND WET HULLING
A few coffee-producing countries have idiosyncratic processing methods that have come to define the country’s coffee profiles. Kenya, for example, ferments the coffee beans for a longer time, which are then cleaned by a post-ferment soak. This method directly contributes to the acidity that’s the hallmark of the country’s best coffees.
Brazil is known for pulped natural processing, which falls somewhere between wet and dry processing. The coffee cherry’s skin is removed, as in wet processing, but instead of soaking the cherry, they’re spread out to dry with the pulp still attached to the beans. The result is a coffee with body and low acidity, like a natural, but without the telltale vivid fruits. This process also goes by the name honey, and producers, particularly in specialty coffee, like to play with the amount of fruit pulp they leave on in an effort to move the gauge toward or away from natural or washed characteristics.
Sumatra has an entirely unique method, giling basah, or wet hulling, which contributes to the earthiness, body, and low acidity for which the country’s coffee is known. Similar to pulped natural processing, the skin is removed and the beans, with clinging pulp, dry. But, the drying period lasts for a day or two at best. The parchment is then removed when the moisture levels are incredibly high. The beans, which are quite delicate in this state, are laid out to dry again, either at the processors, or along the way to export. Coffee processed in this way absorbs qualities of the earth or asphalt upon which it dries—odd, but it's partly what makes Sumatra’s profiles in a class of their own.