A Hybrid rice variety, also referred to as the F1,
is the direct product of crossing two genetically different parents.
In hybrids, the positive qualities of both parents are combined
resulting in a phenomenon called hybrid vigor or
heterosis, where young seedlings are highly and the
mature plant has better reproductive characteristics. These factors
result in higher yields than ordinary rice, also called inbreds.
rice can raise farmers present yields by 15%. With proper
management, farmers can raise yields by up to 240 cavans per
hectare per season or 12 tons/ha/year.
does hybrid rice differ from ordinary rice?
The rice plants we see in farmers
fields today, including the more than 80 modern varieties released
in the Philippines to date (except three) and all our traditional
varieties are all inbred rice. Normally, each rice flower contains
both male and female organs. This allows the plant to perpetuate
or reproduce itself through self-pollination or inbreeding, hence
the term inbredwithout a mans intervention. This
means you can use the grains harvested from inbred rice as seeds
for the next planting season.
hybrid, on the other hand, is a product of two parents. Hence,
new seeds must always be produced for planting the next season
through cross-pollination. These seeds have variable sizes, may
be discolored, partially filled, may have slightly opened hull,
and generally lighter in weight compared with inbreds.
superior parent lines are crossed to get their best characteristics
and combine them in the hybrid plant. Pollination is done by
natural and chemical means. Seeds harvested from the hybrid plant
cannot be used for replanting because hybrid vigor is lost resulting
in lower yield and non-uniform crop stand.
- What are
HYVs, MRVs, Conventional Varieties, and NPT or Super Rice? How
do they differ from hybrid rice?
varieties), MRVs (modern rice varieties), conventional varieties,
and NPT (new plant type) or supper rice are terms used to differentiate
these varieties from traditional varieties. Traditional varieties
are tall and lodge easily. These are low-yielders, producing
from 40-50 cavans/ha, and can be grown once a year since they
take 56 months to mature. Most are photoperiodic. They have low
tiller number, are often susceptible to insect pests and diseases,
and the grains may shatter easily. Many, however, are aromatic
and have good taste or eating quality.
terms HYVs, MRVs and conventional varieties all mean the same.
These varieties are short or semi-dwarf; mature in about 4 months
or less; are non-photoperiodic thus a second or third crop is
possible; high yielding; resistant to insect pests and diseases;
responsible to N; heavy-tillering; and well-suited to irrigated
or Super Rice is a variety designed for the future. Its target
yield of 12 tons/ha will be achieved through a dramatic transformation
of the rice plant architecture; less tillers; more grains per
panicle; heavier grain weight per panicle; longer and extensive
root system; more efficient use of water and nutrients; and greater
resistance to insect pests and diseases. However, this is still
being developed and improved.
varieties, HYVs, MRVs, conventional varieties, and NPTs or super
rice of the future, however, share one thing in common: they
are all self-pollinated unlike hybrid rice.
Phenomenon, that is unique to hybrid rices and also referred
as heterosis, ix expressed during the early begetative
and reproductive growth stages of hybrid rice plant. Young hybrid
rice seedlings have faster root and leaf area development and
better canopy development while the mature plant has increased
total dry matter, greater number of spikelets per unit area,
increased total weight of grains, and consequently, higher yields.
This phenomenon is caused by the synergy among the positive characters
of parental lines. It is important, therefore that good parents
be used in hybrid rice seed production.
hybrid rice varieties can farmers plant today?
are three hybrid rice varieties approved by the National Seed
Industry Council (NSIC): one released nationally, and two approved
for location-specific release. Twenty-one promising hybrids are
now under evaluation in the National Cooperative Tests (NCT)
Rc26H or Magat. The Magat Hybrid bested PSB Tc4 by 17% and
IR50 by 36% during the dry season. This is recommended primarily
for Cagayan and Isabela, although is performed well in Camarines
Sur, Iloilo, Cotabato, Laguna, Bohol, Masbate, Palawan, Capiz,
Pangasinan, Agusan del Sur, and Zamboaga del Sur during the dry
has an average yield of 5.6 t/ha, grows to a height of 88 cm
and with a maturity of 110 days. Its higest yield was recorded
in Maligaya, Nueva Ecija at 11.8 t/ha. It is resistant to blast
and has intermediate reaction to bacterial leaf blight, rice
tungro virus, yellow stem borer, green leafhopper and brown planthoppers.
It has high amylose content, or is hard when cooked.
Rc72H or Mestizo. It has a yield average of 6.3 t/ha during
the dry season, grows to a height of 97 cm with growth duration
of 123 days. A high yield of 11.4 t/ha was attained in Maligaya,
Nueva Ecija during the 1997 DS. This medium maturing hybrid rice
is recommended for nationwide planting. It has better eating
quality with lower amylase, which means that is soft when cooked,
and comparable to or better in eating quality than IR64. Its
cooked rice has some aroma, that is preferred by most consumers.
Rc76H or Panay.
hybrid gave superior performance, notably, in Camarines Sur,
Laguna, and Bukidnon with an average yield of 5.2 t/ha during
the dry season and 4.7 t/ha during the wet season (superiority
over IR72 of 19% and 32%, respectively).
is early at 106 days and height is 102 dm. It is resistant to
blast and has intermediate reaction to bacterial leaf blight
and sheath blight. It has high amylose content, or is hard when
Yield Increase Can Farmers Attain Using Hybrid Rice?
of large-scale on-farm hybrid rice technology demonstration trials
conducted nationwide during 1998 dry season and 1999 dry and
wet seasons indicate that, on average, a farmer can get an additional
779 kg palay/ha using the hybrid Magat and 1272 kg palay/ha using
the hybrid Mestizo, as compared with planting the best and popular
conventional varieties. These represent a yield increase of 15%
and 25% for Magat and Mestizo hybrids, respectively. The highest
yield obtained in these trials came from Mestizo at 12 t/ha in
Cagayan and Bohol provinces.
is Hybrid Rice Production Different from Farmers' Usual Practices?
rice is grown much like ordinary rice except that it requires
greater attention in seedling management. Seedling must be robust
and their roots must be fully developed and should remain intact
in order to minimize transplanting shock. This will allow the
hybrid rice variety to fully express its hybrid vigor
at the early vegetative growth, leading to increased number of
spikelets. This means that hybrid rices have greater yield conversion
using the same inputs as with the usual varieties.
significant shifts from farmers usual practices include:
(1) use of new seeds every planting season, that is, they cannot
use their harvest as seeds; (2) use of only 20 kg seeds per hectare
(farmers use from 80 to 120 kg of seeds per hectare); (3) application
of 10-15 cavans farm wastes and organic materials in the seedbed
to make the soil loose and friable. This is to facilitate seedling
pulling while keeping roots of seedlings intact; (4) sparse seeding
of 50 g/m2 or a total of 20 kg in 400 m2
seedbed; and (5) transplanting of 1-2 seedlings per hill (farmers
transplant 3-5 seedlings per hill).
- Can a Farmer
Replant Seeds Harvested From Hybrid Rice?
While farmers growing ordinary rice varieties can use the grain
they harvested from their existing crop as seeds for planting
the following season, hybrid rice seed must be new every season.
Otherwise, the resulting crop will not be uniform in height and
in maturity. Furthermore, because of reduction in hybrid vigor,
yields could decrease by about 20% and hence, be even lower that
those obtainable from ordinary rice varieties.
derive the benefits of high yield and uniform stand, the farmer
must buy new seeds every season.
- How Much
Does it Cost to Grow Hybrid Rice?
is minimal additional cost in using hybrid rice since farmers
need only 20 kg seeds. At P120/kg, 20 kg seeds cost P2,400 or
about the same as what farmers currently use 3-4 cavans
of 40 kg certified seeds at P700 per cavan, or P2,100
P2,800. The additional cost will be on the use of organic fertilizer,
gathering of organic wastes and incorporation in the seedbed,
weeding of sparsely sown seedbed, extra care in seedling pulling
and transplanting of 1-2 seedlings per hill, and replanting of
on actual surveys, the average production cost incurred by hybrid
rice farmers is P22,006 per season that was not significantly
different from the P21,717 average cost of producing ordinary
Much Can the Farmer Profit From Hybrid Rice?
commercial rice production.
At a conservative yield of 5 tons per hectare, which is equivalent
to 100 cavans of palay at 50 kg/cavan, a farmer gets a net return
of P24,763/ha. Based on actual techno demo data, a hybrid rice
farmer can get a net incremental benefit of not less than P6,000/ha/season,
over the use of the best ordinary variety, even if he uses
40 kg/ha hybrid seeds. Any increase in yield level beyond 5 tons
(up to 12 tons or 240 cavans/ha as has been clearly demonstrated
in techno demo trials), would mean even higher profitability.
seed production. Producing hybrid seeds offers new income
opportunities for seed growers, rural farm hands, and women.
Based on actual surveys, the average cost of producing hybrid
seeds is P33,492/ha on-farm and P45,842 on research stations.
If a yield of one-ton is attained, a hybrid seed producer can
get a net profit of abut P92,000/ha/season. The higher the seed
yield attained (a record yield of 3.0t/ha/season has been attained
at PhilRice), the greater the profit.
the hybrid seed price of P120/kg, a hybrid seed producer must
get at least 232 kg seeds/ha and 2 t/ha male parent seed to recover
total cost; a seed yield of 368 kg/ha to equal the income of
commercial palay producers; and a seed yield of 580 kg/ha to
equal the income form ordinary rice seed production.
Hybrid Rice Lead us to Self-Sufficiency?
rice is one of the key technologies that can make the country
self-sufficient in rice. Our level of rice importation during
the normal years is about 600,000 metric tons (mt). A minimum
yield increase of one mt/ha through hybrid rice cultivation in
the 800,000 ha irrigated rice area in the country can result
in an additional rice production of 1.6 mt of palay (960,000
mt milled rice), easily making the country self-sufficient in
are the Thrusts of the DA and PhilRice on Hybrid Rice?
Department of Agriculture (DA) has made the development and use
of hybrid rice technology an integral component of its rice production
program. Hybrid rice research and development ( R & D), seed
production, training, technology demonstration, and information
dissemination activities initiated in 1998, are continuously
being conducted in the 15 provinces for targeted hybrid rice
cultivation (Ilocos Norte, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, Camarines
Sur, Leyte, Maguindanao, South Cotabato, Lanao del Norte and
the lead implementing agency for the hybrid rice program of the
DA, on the other hand, established a Hybrid Rice R &D Program
(HRP) in 1998, to continuously generate new and/or improve location-specific
hybrid rice technologies. During its first full year (CY 1999)
of implementation, the HRP put into operation 18 RD&E projects,
with a total of 91 studies, implemented by 85 lead scientists
and technical personnel. These included activities on germplasm
conservation, varietal development, biotechnology, planting,
nutrient, water and pest management, engineering and mechanization,
socio-economics, and seed production. A PhilRice Hybrid Rice
Center, based in San Mateo, Isabela was also established in 1998.
- Who Will
Produce Hybrid Seeds?
sector groups will produce, distribute, and market hybrid rice
seeds. These include seed growers cooperatives, seed companies,
interested NGOs and other organized groups, as well as accredited
individual seed growers. PhilRice is paying special attention
to the involvement of organized groups with contiguous seed production
areas to be involved in hybrid rice production. This will reduce
isolation problems, simplify seed certification, facilitate seed
distribution and marketing, and allow seed growers to benefit
from the economics of scale (e.g., loans, etc)
members of the National Rice Seed Production Network (SeedNet)
and the private sector will produce the foundation seeds of parental
lines for use in hybrid seed production. PhilRice, IRRI and the
University of the Philippines at Los Baños will produce
nucleus and breeder seeds of released public hybrids. Nucleus,
breeder, foundation, and certified seeds of proprietary hybrids
such as Panay will be produced by the concerned seed companies.
SeedNet presently has 95 active member (115 total) located in
strategic rice growing areas of the country. PhilRice and IRRI
have trained selected SeedNet personnel on parental hybrid seed
production. For hybrid seed production, over 20 training courses
were held since 1997, with over 800 participants coming from
24 provinces of the country. These included seed growers, seed
certifying officers, seed inspectors, field technicians, provincial
seed coordinators, and other key players in the rice sector.
- What Countries
Have Successfully Grown Hybrid Rice?
grows hybrid rice in 17 million ha out of its total 33 million
ha rice area. India grows hybrid rice in 150,000 ha while Vietnam
cultivates 400,000 ha to hybrid rice. Hybrid rice technology
helped China increase its rice production form 140 million tons
in 1978 to 188 million tons in 1990. It accounts for 66% of Chinas
total production and 20 percent of the worlds total rice
supply. Furthermore, hybrid rice technology has saved China more
than 2 M ha of agricultural lands now being used of other purposes
while preserving the environment. At least 17 other countries
have initiated hybrid rice programs.
Supports The Philippines in its Hybrid Rice Program?
Philippines Hybrid Program is directly supported by the
International Rice Research Institute(IRRI), Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO), of the United Nations, Asian Development
Bank (ADB), the Peoples Republic of China (PROC), and Rockefeller
Foundation, Inc. (RF), and, indirectly, by the Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA).
based in Los Baños, Laguna, develops hybrid parent materials
and promising hybrid rice lines that are entered into the national
yield trials. It also helps train technical personnel from the
national rice R & D network on both hybrid rice breeding
and seed production and potential hybrid rice seed growers from
the both public and private sectors.
FAO is assisting the Philippine government develop its hybrid
program by strengthening its manpower base. Under the Technical
Cooperation Program (TCP) project entitled, Strengthening
the National Capacity for Hybrid Rice Development and Use,
for example, FAO assists the Philippine government strengthen
its hybrid rice technical- and seed production personnel by providing
in-country and foreign training opportunities, procurement of
relevant equipment, and provision of consultancy services.
ADB provinces support in the areas of technology generation,
seed production, and technology promotion. Under a project coordinated
by IRRI, the Philippines is a recipient of ADB funds that are
used for nucleus and breeder seed production, refinement of seed
production technologies, large-scale seed production, training,
and information generation and dissemination.
form China is in the form of collaborative undertakings with
noted Chinese hybrid rice institutions. PhilRice has implementation
collaborative activities on breeding with Yunnan Agricultural
University (YAU) since 1993, on varietal testing and seed
production with the Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
(JAAS) since 1995 and the Guangxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciences (GAAS) since 1997, and on breeding with Fujian
Agricultural University (FAU) since 1998. Furthermore, in
1999, PhilRice has also forged a technical cooperation on hybrid
rice technology with Yangzhou
breeding and biotechnology) and the Jiangxi Provincial Government
(on hybrid rice seed production). In 1999, the DA also forged
a technical cooperation agreement on hybrid rice with the Chinese
Ministry of Agriculture to be implemented by PhilRice and
the Hunan Provincial Seed Company. Informal collaborations
have also been forged by PhilRice with the China National Rice
Research Institute (CNRRI) and the South China Agricultural University
assistance comes through its support to PhilRices biotechnology
program. For hybrid rice, biotechnology is being used to expedite
the development of superior hybrids by widening parental genetic
base, transferring important genes such as thermo-sensitive genetic
male sterility for two-line hybrid breeding and resistances to
insect pests and diseases. The biotechnological approaches being
used to carry out these activities are molecular marker-assisted
breeding, plant transformation in in-vitro culture. The ultimate
goal would be to use biotechnology in developing, through plant
apoximis, outstanding hybrids whose seeds can be replanted by
resource-poor farmers just like inbred rice.
support comes through its Technical Cooperation Project with
PhilRice. Under this project, high yielding and high quality
japonica rice from Japan are introduced to the Philippines to
serve as germplasm material for breeding work. These materials
are then crossed with Philippine indica varieties to produce
high yielding, resistance, and good tasting rice. This activity
increases the genetic base for the selection of possible parent
materials for future hybrid breeding work.


Getting ready for the farmer market!
This week I helped to prepared the little plants, putting them on recicle pots to give them to the people who accepted to look after them. I added a label to each plant with information about Germanetes and the project.
I have been doing the spreading of the mobile garden with the help of other people from Germanetes. I did a map where we match the shops that want to be part of the garden looking after a little plant for a few days. By this action we used the plants as a message to let the people around the neibourhood know the space Germanetes and the project residency, and also is a way to invite them to participate in the mobile garden.
Designing a poster was a creative work useful to communicate the event that we were planning for the farmer market.
Appart of that, a women offered to run an activity about plants, and a group of young people met in Germanetes at 12 o’clock to learn a little bit about some gardening. It was so interesting, and after that we all shared food while we talked about the project and the activities. This was the perfect way to learn, meet and work together for the mobile garden.


12 Delicious Foods to Eat Before They Go Extinct
The world is home to diverse culinary delights, but some unique and delicious foods face extinction. These delicacies may disappear from our plates due to environmental changes, overharvesting, or shifting culinary trends.
These are some foods you might want to savor before they go extinct.
The most commonly consumed fruit in the world, the banana, is facing a significant threat from a fungus known as Panama disease.
The strain of this disease currently affecting banana crops, Fusarium wilt tropical race 4 (TR4), has no known cure and could potentially wipe out the popular Cavendish variety.
The beloved treat of chocolate comes from the cacao plant, which is facing severe challenges due to climate change and deforestation. This could impact production and quality, making chocolate a rare and expensive indulgence soon.
Bees are essential for pollinating many crops, including fruit trees, vegetables, and nuts. However, bee populations are declining globally due to pesticide use and habitat loss.
This problem puts honey production at risk and could decrease the availability of this natural sweetener.
Bluefin tuna is a prized delicacy in many countries, especially Japan, where it’s used for sushi and sashimi. Overfishing has led to critically low population numbers, raising concerns about the species’ survival.
Conservation efforts are underway, but it’s uncertain if they will be enough to save this fish from extinction.
The popularity of avocados has led to an increase in demand, resulting in unsustainable farming practices that damage the environment.
In addition, avocado trees are highly susceptible to diseases like laurel wilt and black streak, which could devastate entire crops. Enjoy your guacamole while you can.
Truffles are fungi that grow underground and are highly prized for their intense aroma and unique flavor. However, truffles depend on the symbiotic relationship with specific tree roots to grow, making them difficult to cultivate.
Climate change and deforestation could reduce the availability of these elusive delicacies.
Maple syrup is a staple in Canadian cuisine and a popular sweetener worldwide. Rising temperatures and unpredictable weather patterns could negatively impact sugar maple trees’ growth and sap production.
These conditions could lead to a decline in maple syrup production or a price increase.
Salmon has been a vital food source for many indigenous cultures and an essential part of the global seafood industry. Due to overfishing, habitat destruction, and changing ocean conditions, salmon populations worldwide have declined.
Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages globally, but it’s facing various threats that could impact its availability and quality. Climate change, disease outbreaks, and unsustainable farming practices pose significant challenges to coffee production. Savour your cup of joe while you can.
Caviar is a delicacy made from the salt-cured eggs of sturgeon fish. Illegal harvesting has led to the depletion of sturgeon populations and increased caviar prices.
Conservation efforts and regulations are being implemented, but the future of this luxury food is uncertain.
Wine production requires specific climate and soil conditions, making it vulnerable to the effects of climate change.
Temperature changes, rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events can significantly impact the quality and availability of wine. So, raise a glass to your favorite bottle before it becomes a rarity.
Saffron is a spice derived from the stigma of the crocus flower and is considered one of the most expensive foods in the world.
It takes over 70,000 flowers to produce just one pound of this spice, making it highly susceptible to overharvesting and environmental changes.


Our love for coffee has created a massive environmental issue – millions of tons of spent coffee grounds end up going to waste every year. This poses a serious challenge for waste management and contributes to environmental pollution. Researchers and scientists have been actively looking for ways to make use of these discarded coffee grounds in innovative ways that can benefit the environment.
A recent study conducted by a team from the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) in Brazil has discovered a groundbreaking finding. They found that old coffee grounds can effectively absorb bentazone, a commonly used herbicide in agriculture. By activating the carbon in the spent coffee grounds with zinc chloride, they were able to achieve a 70 percent efficiency in removing bentazone from liquid solutions. This discovery presents a dual solution to environmental problems – tackling coffee ground waste and reducing the damage caused by herbicides to wildlife and the surrounding ecosystem.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the US has already raised concerns about the levels of bentazone contaminating groundwater and drinking water. This herbicide is known to have negative effects on human health through various exposure routes. On the other hand, disposing of old coffee grounds improperly can lead to further environmental degradation. However, the chemical reactions triggered by coffee grounds have shown potential in decontamination processes, providing a glimmer of hope for addressing pollution issues.
While the findings are still in the early stages, they show great promise in using activated carbon from used coffee grounds to treat water contaminated with bentazone. The next steps involve refining and scaling up the processes to make them more viable for industrial and environmental applications. The researchers emphasize the significance of this study in addressing health and environmental concerns associated with the uncontrolled use of herbicides and waste materials.
Scientists continue to explore various ways to repurpose old coffee grounds for different applications, from enhancing food nutrition to environmental remediation. While the exact mechanism of the absorption process is not fully understood, the results of this study pave the way for future research in this area. Addressing pesticide pollution in water sources remains a critical challenge, and ongoing efforts are needed to develop effective solutions and prevent further environmental damage.
The innovative use of old coffee grounds to absorb herbicides like bentazone represents a significant step towards sustainable waste management and environmental protection. By harnessing the potential of waste materials in beneficial ways, we can contribute to a cleaner and healthier planet. The importance of research and collaboration in finding solutions to pressing environmental issues cannot be overstated, and this study serves as a testament to the power of science in creating positive change.


This is something I’m really struggling with at the moment. We have no garden. It sucks. We’re renting at the moment (and for the forceable future). For our (currently) limited budget and location restrictions (for this year, at least, I’m going into Parkville almost everyday. We could live further out and have a big yard,… Continue reading Growing your own food in the city?
I’m starting this blog as a place to record and help keep me accountable on my path. What is my path? It leads to a life of independence and sustainability, and hopefully full of happiness. I’m 28 years old. I feel like I’m exaggerating or telling fibs when I say that I’m going to be… Continue reading Welcome


As Cuba became overrun by the Communists, the tobacco landscape changed. Hipolito's son Gilberto Oliva shifted from growing to brokering tobacco. In the early 60's when the pressure became too great, Gilberto left Cuba and travelled from country to country in search of soils that could produce that distinct Cuban taste. His travels took him to Honduras, Panama, Mexico and even the Philippines. Gilberto finally found fertile ground in Nicaragua. Today Gilberto along with his family are Nicaragua's second largest grower of Cuban-seed tobacco.


The Democratic Alliance (DA) in the Northern Cape is requesting an urgent joint meeting of all stakeholder departments to discuss the roll-out of the R30 million drought relief funding that was allocated to the province by Deputy President David Mabuza on Friday last week, following an oversight inspection of drought affected areas.
Given the magnitude of the drought, it is crucial that the impact of the limited funding is optimized and that processes are streamlined to ensure that farmers receive assistance as soon as possible. It is essential that the affected farmers start registering on the respective data bases as soon as possible.
At the same time, the DA also wants feedback from the Departments of COGHSTA, Agriculture, Rural Development, Land Reform, Environment and Nature Conservation on the finalization of the process to have the drought declared a provincial disaster.
A meeting with these very departments, more than a month ago, revealed that administrative inefficiencies are largely to blame for the delay in having the disaster declaration officially gazetted. This is crucial, as it will unlock additional funding to assist farmers.
The DA further wants to discuss the possibility of alternative avenues that could help alleviate ongoing drought-related pressure on farmers in the short term. In this regard, we want government to consider allocating unused water rights to commercial farmers to expand their production in the short term, at the same time entering into agreements with these farmers with the understanding that government will buy back the crops. The crops can then be utilized as feed for starving livestock in drought ravished areas.
The DA hopes that provincial government will prioritize the drought and act speedily to mitigate its devastating impact on the affected farmers and rural communities, as well as on the economy.


When you go to the store to buy nutrients for your plants, you come across a huge supply. What should you choose? Let’s start with the difference between the two major types: liquid or solid fertilizers.
Choose Solid or Liquid Fertilizer Products?
Also think about how you can make the most of it yourself. Liquid fertilizers are easy to dose with the special cap of the bottle and are ideal for small quantities. Solid fertilizers must be weighed out with a scale and be able to spread them evenly. Rather suitable for larger areas, such as a lawn.
These are sold in the form of granules, powder or tablets. These products must first dissolve in the soil before they release their nutrients. It takes a while there, which is why the effect of these products is not as fast as with liquid fertilizers. Solid fertilizers are mainly intended to be applied in open ground. And preferably not during a period of drought! The granules cannot then dissolve.
The general products are suitable for most garden plants. They contain a standard dose of the three main nutrients NPK, usually sufficient for three to four months. So all summer long. The organic liquid fertilizer is the best option here.
There are also specialized fertilizers on the market. Their composition of nutrients and supplements differs according to the needs of a specific plant. If you want to give specific plant nutrition in a much targeted manner, you can use this. There are products for cacti, for citrus, for roses, for boxwood, for orchid, tomatoes, etc.
Slow-acting fertilizers are also available in this range. This means that they release their nutrients slowly and gradually into the soil so that the plant absorbs them in small portions. Their effect can last up to a year, so ideal if you only want to fertilize once.
Organic Fertilizers: What Are They?
Organic fertilizers are composed completely of natural raw materials derived from plants or animals. Organic fertilizers release nutritious components such as nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium when soil organisms like as helpful bacteria and fungus break down the fertilizer pellets. These microorganisms present in soil are also referred to as soil life. Organic fertilizers have several advantages:
They contribute to the airiness of the soil structure;
- Organic fertilizers improve the soil’s health and fertility;
- Organic fertilizers are more readily available to the crop than chemical fertilizers;
- Organic fertilizers, in contrast to chemical fertilizers, do not include sodium (salts).
The nutrients in liquid fertilizers can be immediately absorbed by the plant. Therefore, these fertilizers must always be administered in limited doses but often. When the plant needs it. Liquid fertilizers are diluted with the irrigation water and applied close to the roots. This is not a convenient method for large surfaces.
There is also foliar nutrition, usually a product with a lot of nitrogen (N) that you spray on the leaf. This works very quickly as a first aid for an ailing plant that is no longer able to absorb water with nutrients through the roots. Plants in pots quickly recover, especially if this treatment is combined with the care of the potting soil.


The latest assessment of global climate change enters a new phase today as scientists and civil servants gather in Stockholm to discuss the new report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which focuses on the physical science basis of the climate system and climate change. Crucial as the science is, Oxfam is chiefly concerned about the impacts that climate change is having on people in terms of increasing the risk of hunger and poverty, and so today we are putting out a new briefing paper: Growing Disruption: climate change, food and the fight against hunger.
The main impact of climate change on food supplies is often considered to be how rising temperatures, erratic rainfall and climate “shocks” will directly damage crops, wiping out harvests and therefore, directly depriving poor farmers of the food that they grow to feed themselves and their families.
And indeed, we should be very worried about those impacts.
But thinking only about how climate shocks ruin crops can make us forget how most people actually obtain most of the food they eat; they don’t grow it for themselves, they buy it. Even smallholder farmers rarely obtain all of the food they need from their own production. They too buy food on the market – maybe they trade what they grow for types of food that they can’t grow themselves.
Everyone, therefore, needs some income to buy some food (and not only food of course, but to pay for kids to go to school, to pay medical expenses and – inevitably – to pay taxes).
So what happens if as a result of climate change, suddenly your income drops by a quarter, or even a half? Even if food is still as available as ever in the market, your capacity to buy it has shrunk massively.
In Pakistan the devastating 2010 mega-flood destroyed over 570,000 hectares of crop land in Punjab and affected more than 20 million people. Eighty per cent of food reserves were lost. The destruction of crops and drowning of animals meant not only that people had nothing to eat, but that they had nothing to trade to be able to buy food as it became available.
The flood caused a massive 75% reduction in income across all households affected. And more floods have followed every year since. Recently the World Food Programme warned that three consecutive years of floods have left about half of Pakistan’s population without “secure access” to enough food – which is up from a little over one-third a decade ago.
Or take the current situation in Central America. There a fungal disease of coffee called La Roya has suddenly gone berserk, infecting coffee plants across Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua. The coffee rust has been in the region for years, but its exceptional spread this year – including to higher-altitude coffee farms and plantations hitherto thought immune to the fungus – has been blamed in part on several years of above average temperatures and rainfall, creating the ideal humid conditions for the
spores to spread.
The statistics are truly frightening; daily income from the coffee harvest labour is likely to be up to 50% below average this year and next.
Big farms can invest in prevention and control, including using more fungicides. But many small farmers face ruin. Their best tactic is to uproot sick bushes and plant new ones; but the new ones will not yield coffee beans for at least three years.
However, the most devastating impacts most likely will not be on coffee farmers themselves but on the 1.4 million unskilled labourers who depend on wages from coffee harvesting for much of their annual income. The statistics are truly frightening; daily income from the coffee harvest labour is likely to be up to 50% below average this year (2013/14) and next. Oxfam programmes are gearing up to help.
Income insecurity has all sorts of knock-on effects. People may reduce their expenditure on not just food, but other important aspects of their lives, their children’s education, medical expenses, heating bills. In Russia, Oxfam interviewed farmers who were hit by the extreme heat wave in 2010 and then by a less publicised drought in 2012 and found many have got into serious
“We had to take money from the Mafia and now that we go to bed, we are afraid they could cut our heads off or the bailiffs could come and take everything from our homes.”
As one farmer said: “In 2010 we were not so bound by loans, we had fewer debts, but now the situation is completely different. We had to take money from the Mafia and now that we go to bed, we are afraid they could cut our heads off or the bailiffs could come and take everything from our homes. Today we could basically declare ourselves bankrupt and close down the farm.”
There are obviously many interlocking reasons for food insecurity in Pakistan, Central America or Russia (in fact, everywhere) but climatic shocks made worse by global warming have added a potent new threat multiplier and we are only just beginning to unravel how those threats may play out.
In the jargon of food security, impacts on access to food (cutting incomes and spoiling livelihoods, as well as increasing the cost of food) might be more significant than simply affecting food production and simple availability. This is the theme of a new briefing paper by Oxfam Growing Disruption: climate change, food and the fight against hunger.
The issue brief says climate change need not – must not – further jeopardise people’s right to food. There is much that must be done. Alongside the resources going into crop research we need measures that will safeguard people’s livelihoods; food reserves, social protection and legal frameworks that establish and ensure implementation of the right to food.
- Download the issue brief here: www.oxfam.org.uk/growingdisruption
- You may also be interested in our other blogs on climate change and food prices.
Author: John Magrath
Archive blog. Originally posted on Oxfam Policy & Practice.


In this category you will find mostly 8 ft wide greenhouses in polycarbonate. Small wood greenhouse that can be built against another outbuilding. Wooden Greenhouses: Mini Wooden Greenhouses, Timber Framed Greenhouses. Stay safe and healthy. The conditions present in any good greenhouse are going to encourage mold and bacteria to move into the little grooves and pockets in the wood and from there they grow and grow. They're … Wood Frame Greenhouse Kits; Wood Frame Greenhouse Kits. The Hartwood 8' x 10' Premium Wooden Greenhouse is an attractive, traditional and extremely spacious greenhouse constructed with premium 4mm toughened glass with wooden frames. It doesn’t have to be difficult, either – if you follow the right steps. Grow delicious veg, fruit, and stunning flowers in our small greenhouses; shop now for free UK delivery. But that’s ok, because you’re not running a big greenhouse nursery. There are kits available that give you all the necessary materials you need to build your own greenhouse, so don’t worry if you aren’t skilled at woodworking. 74 $59.99 $59.99. Updated: July 14, 2019 Although greenhouses have been in use for centuries,... © 2021 Green Home Gnome. Those cheap mini greenhouses are including Palram Snap and Grow, Abba Patio Greenhouse, Palram Nature Series, Rion Grand Gardener, and many more. Outdoor greenhouse frames are usually made from lightweight aluminum or wood, though they can also be made from other materials. Add to Basket Quick View View details . 07 of 12. Build a square wooden base and install the PVC pipe arch frame that you can cover with plastic or outdoor fabric! Compare (3 max) Qty. Add to Basket Quick View View details . We actually were lucky, in that five years ago… Hand crafted doors- Cedar-Built manufactured doors match our greenhouse's wood quality and design details -very popular Dutch Doors and Dutch Windows available. Mercia Traditional Lean to Greenhouse - 8 X 4ft. Once the foundation is built, lay down mulch at the base to support the frame. 1-479-849-4385 firstname.lastname@example.org 22401 U.S. 71 … Our range of wooden greenhouses suits all levels of gardening expertise. Wood remains the most popular building material for homemade greenhouses and cold frames, but should you go with a wooden greenhouse? Best of all, it’s cheap! Use PVC pipe to … It gives you the feeling that you’re tending to something useful while doing something fun. Constructing the Frame Use strings along the ground to measure where you want the supports to be … Wood is an easy material to work with, it’s readily available and it’s sturdy—after all, we build our houses out of it, so it’s definitely good enough to use to support a few sheets of plastic. You can completely customize your wooden greenhouse to any size you’d like and if it doesn’t meet your needs in the future, adding on is a breeze. A lean-to greenhouse is a simple, yet sturdy structure owing to the supporting … The plastic sides still allow for an ample amount of sunlight to … The small size and use of exterior wall space from another structure make this an inexpensive DIY build. GREENHOUSE 8ft x6ft £100.00. I think it came out great, especially for a first construction-based project. 4'x2' Forest Wooden Small Mini Greenhouse . Browse wooden greenhouses from UK shops. Timber Frame design : Post and beam … If you are looking for inexpensive greenhouse foundation and flooring option, look no more! Some people optimize for the latter option but there is no doubt that classic combo of wood … In the fall, when you break everything down to scrub it to death, make time add another layer of paint or sealant to your wood frame before you put your greenhouse back together. Add to Basket Quick View View details . Wood outdoor greenhouse frames can be painted if desired, though you’ll need to put down tar paper to keep the paint from scratching or chipping. But it’s also the softest option and most prone to decay. £629.99. The Yella Wood Greenhouse is very multi-purpose and should fulfill any need you might have in a greenhouse. You can choose from our range of small free standing and lean-to greenhouses, all for sale online with free delivery, from top manufacturers like Swallow, Clearview, and Halls. 62 … Add to Basket Quick View View details . For the hobbyist, wood is one of the most versatile materials out there, largely because most people have some type of woodworking skills. Cheap Greenhouses UK. Archives for posts with tag: wood greenhouse|build a cheap greenhouse. 6x8 Vale Victorian Greenhouse by Forest Garden® [GH002FG] 6x8 Vale Victorian Greenhouse by Forest Garden® £2,243.99. If you have a second-hand home store in your area, you should be able to find the materials at a reasonable price. The top-selling greenhouse kits product is the Palram Bella 8 ft. x 20 ft. Silver Polycarbonate Greenhouse. Both aluminum and wood will last longer, require less maintenance and are easier to build. Big Cheap Glass Greenhouse Made From Old Windows: It's All In The PlanningThere are two ways to go when designing a glass greenhouse, you can either plan it around available materials or you can plan it first and then search for the windows to fit. For all the savings you’ll realize upfront with a wooden greenhouse (and they can be substantial, to be sure), you may end up spending that much and more maintaining the structure during its lifetime. Free Shipping on Everything* at Overstock - Your Online Yard Care Store! Recycled Window Greenhouse. Instructables has a free greenhouse plan that uses a unique building material—old windows. 5FT WIDE GREENHOUSES . £155.00. Free postage. Small Greenhouses. Your email address will not be published. We also deliver all of our greenhouses promptly and for free to many UK mainland postcodes, with 'pick-a-day' options available on selected lines. For a DIY junkie who never throws stuff away, this isn’t a problem at all, though. Also, wood requires little care after its construction is complete. 3 … 1 bid. There’s one caveat to using a wooden greenhouse. The best thing about plastic is that it’s relatively inexpensive and can be disassembled and stored easily, allowing you to move it around easily. After the soil is prepared, lay down some more peat moss to protect the inside of the pot. 8' x 12' Palram Octave Silver Greenhouse . Only 1 left in stock. Great for seed starting in spring so you can get a head start on the garden growing season. The perfect garden building to help create your dream garden. A small greenhouse is perfect when space is limited. Cheap Greenhouses from Greenhouse Stores. The section also contains any sales offers. We stock a number of aluminium and wooden frames. As an Amazon Associate we earn a commission from qualifying purchases. 55 watching. Full how-to guides and tutorial here imqtpi. Choose from our large range of stock cheap metal and aluminium greenhouses and cheap wooden greenhouses with FREE* delivery … Greenhouse Buying Guide. May 24, 2018 - Amazing collection of 15 greenhouse ideas that you can use for building your own greenhouse. Latchmere raised wooden mini greenhouse The Latchmere cold frame is a dip treated pine potting unit designed with a lifting lid to be a durable and protective barrier against the elements. Make sure you buy your plants in the spring when the soil is still damp. It has a smaller footprint but also an increased apex, so you - and … If you are looking for inexpensive greenhouse foundation and flooring option, look no more! It is built out of old storm windows. If you’ve ever watched a home gardening show, you know that it can take months to grow a plant indoors before it starts to produce flowers and leaves. Water well to keep the roots moist and place some peat under the lid to make sure the soil doesn’t compact. Your email address will not be published. In an indoor environment, you don’t get the chance to enjoy nature as much as you would in the outdoors. 4.1 out of 5 stars 20. A wooden greenhouse frame, similar to wooden potting sheds, provides natural insulation for a greenhouse. What You Need To Know About Plastic Greenhouses, Fukushima: The Case for Hydroponic Greenhouse Gardening, Best Full Spectrum LED Grow Lights 2020 [Review], Ever Wondered What It’s Like to Live Inside a Greenhouse? Aluminium frames require less attention, though they tend to be a bit cheaper … We aim to deliver this to you within 8-12 Weeks. Ending 25 Jan at 10:12AM GMT 2d 15h Collection in person. Wooden Greenhouse 8x6 Outdoor Garden Building Potting Shed Apex Roof 8ft 6ft. 6x4 Vale Toughened Glass Wooden Greenhouse by Forest Garden® £1,923.99. Bear in mind you’ll need a walkway down the middle, which reduces the area for planting. – A high-quality deck sealant or a coat of glossy paint will go a long way to keeping your greenhouse around for years to come. May 24, 2018 - Amazing collection of 15 greenhouse ideas that you can use for building your own greenhouse. When considering a wooden greenhouse there are a number of things to consider: Firstly, what kind of wood is it? Disinfecting helps, too – When you wash down your equipment and shelves, make sure you spray your wooden structure, too. £36.99 £ 36. Free delivery and installation on Swallow greenhouses to most parts of the UK. A plastic greenhouse is cheap and easy to build, but you’ll have to constantly keep the soil moist until you get to the point where plants start to sprout. But we weren’t sure how to make a cheap greenhouse — all of the greenhouse plans we had seen online and in books called for lots of expensive materials, and being on a budget, we just didn’t have the cash for something like that. $41.74 $ 41. There’s a reason for this—large wooden greenhouses aren’t practical or easy to maintain. It is a fantastic alternative if you do not have a garden large enough to accommodate a regular greenhouse that lets you grow fruit and vegetables all year round. Free Greenhouse Plan from How To Specialist. The simple hoop greenhouse pictured below was built by PondPlantGirl on instructables and cost less than $25. Compare (3 max) Qty. Many wooden greenhouses come with a frame made from iron or aluminum, but other wooden greenhouses can be made from other materials and are often called “build your own backyard greenhouse”. You can buy pre-made ones or build one from scratch yourself. per page . Sunnydaze Meranti Wood Outdoor Potting Bench with Storage Shelf - Patio Garden Work Station Table - Gardening Workbench for Porch, Greenhouse, Backyard, Patio and Balcony - Teak Oil Finish - 42-Inch . The timber frame absorbs sunlight throughout the day and manages to hold the heat during the night. Since it’s porous, it gets damp and it’s easy to damage the soil below the pots. In this modern world, greenhouse gardeners have a ton of choices of materials for their greenhouses, from advanced metals to plastics and even old standbys like wood. DIY Hoop Greenhouse Greenhouses are a great … If you’re looking for a cheap way to create a wooden backyard greenhouse, consider building your own. Compare (3 max) Qty. 1. Palram Heavy Duty Shelf Kit. Select Options Quick View View details . 6'x10' Halls Green Frame Polycarbonate Greenhouse . Small-Space Wood Pallet Greenhouse. 99. When considering a wooden greenhouse there are a number of things to consider: Firstly, what kind of wood is it? Wooden Greenhouses. In Stock. Wooden greenhouses made a comeback to today’s gardening and compete in the durability with aluminum frames.. Super-cheap DIY PVC Pip Greenhouse for Winter: Build also the miniature greenhouses at home for all season! The Quictent Portable Greenhouse is not only convenient and easy to … Wood is a good material for a greenhouse because it is easy to work with, and it’s durable. A good wood greenhouse is relatively inexpensive compared to other materials, and you can build one quickly. small greenhouse sits on a covered porch with the back … Read more. Choose from our traditional greenhouses that are incredibly robust and durable, giving you a large greenhouse area where you can plant and grow all your favourite crops. HARTLEY BOTANIC 10 GREENHOUSE VINTAGE 60s 70s. … Both aluminum and wood will last longer, require less maintenance and are easier to build. Our cheap greenhouse range includes both wooden and plastic options to suit your tastes. Due to high demand and the ongoing … 6'x8' Palram Rion White Lean to Greenhouse (1.8x2.4m) £999.99. Choose pressure-treated wood, cedar or redwood to extend your greenhouse’s … Our range of wooden greenhouses suits all levels of gardening expertise. Touch the products for details or to Buy In Store. £389.99 New. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site. As the wood is eaten away, your structure suffers and becomes a source of infection for sensitive plants. Cheap wooden greenhouses aren’t always the best option, especially if they’re only crafted from generic softwood, as the wood isn’t as dense as other wood species, especially versus hardwoods. COVID-19 Update: We are accepting orders and aim to deliver to the lead times advertised. Wooden Greenhouses. Fold Up Greenhouse Plan. But it’s also the softest option and most prone to decay. Most clearance greenhouses are 50% cheaper than their RRP. Measure storm windows and use 2x4s to create a box which the storm windows will be attached to. Great selection of Sunshine Wood Frame Greenhouses and Lean-to gardenhouses. It also helps if you put a layer of compost beneath the soil. I couldn’t write this post and not include it. Ideal for growing fruit, vegetables and flowers. If you do decide to paint, you should use a primer before you begin, to avoid the paint from staining the wood. The Bella Here comes the garden’s Belle. Wooden Potting Sheds . If you’re the indoor gardener, you know it’s not only time-consuming, it’s boring. wooden greenhouses. Compare (3 max) Qty. So here is a lovely wooden greenhouse easily and cheaply made to grow the vegetables and it got all the details of its making right here so browse and learn apartmenttherapy. Aluminium frames are thin and generally cheaper than wood. From the smallest little wall garden to a really handy 8 x 6 model, we’ve a superb value model to suit your gardening requirements. Potting sheds are a storage area and potting area in one. Mercia 6 X 6ft Traditional Greenhouse… In Stock. 18 Pins. Enjoy browsing through four 5ft+ options with a variety of lengths. Those products have some important features to protect your plants for cold weather and any kind of problems such as UV protection materials, vents, double doors, and rain gutters . Aluminium frames require less attention, though they tend to be a bit cheaper than wood. Quictent Portable Greenhouse. Here are some tips for keeping your wooden greenhouse like new for longer: Start with better wood – People love to build with white pine, and I understand why—it’s the most affordable option. £639.99 . It's a fantastic way to keep the garden building cooler during colder months. Natural Wooden Greenhouse Grow unboxedGreat conditionHaving a clear out so grab a bargain, 139.99 .Please make payment within 3 days of auction ending, thank you. £2,099.00. Make sure it’s sealed well insulated, and well ventilated. Which brand has the largest assortment of greenhouse kits at The Home Depot? 4.7 out of 5 stars 26. You’ll almost never see a professional nursery run out of a wooden structure, unless that nursery is very, very old. Outdoor Living Today - 6x3 Raised Cedar Garden Bed Mini Greenhouse Kit. The best time to water is when the soil has a few inches of moisture in it. Just 20% deposit with order and a price match guarantee from Rhino Greenhouses Direct. Find our best deals on cheap greenhouses on sale. Compare (3 max) Qty. The Bella is a beautiful and practical 8 ft. wide greenhouse; it features virtually … While also being simply built. 00. That way you have a cheap and sturdy foundation and the best floor for a greenhouse. A mini greenhouse is perfect for the smaller household and can even be placed on a balcony. These greenhouses … Small greenhouses allow anyone to become a gardener. 1-Buy a small greenhouse: If it is your first time buying a greenhouse, you probably have not noticed that not all greenhouses are as expensive as you think. In addition, if you need to relocate a wooden greenhouse, it’s not difficult to take one apart and put it back together again. Even indoors, indoor gardening can be a difficult task. Browse. There are a whole raft of different wooden frames that you can create to support the plastic sheeting on a small-space DIY greenhouse. Our greenhouse kits fit a wide variety of applications, from utilitarian to luxury show pieces. Apr 23, 2020 - Explore Hmntrizal's board "Cheap greenhouse" on Pinterest. With extra care and planning, you can slow or stop the microorganisms that are slowly eating your structure, though. View as: Grid List Sort By. See more ideas about greenhouse, simple greenhouse, greenhouse plans. This is my actual greenhouse. So when you’re looking into greenhouses between $1,000 and $2,000, you are mostly in the ‘medium size’ greenhouse category. 5 out of 5 stars (1) Total ratings 1, £629.99 New. Some people like the idea of painting their wooden backyard greenhouse, but don’t know how to go about it. MCombo makes this strong and durable wooden cold frame that not only keep your plants safe and warm, they look great too. Click now to save. The Robinsons Regatta Greenhouses spanning from 5ft4” wide x 4ft 7” long is also available 12ft 8” long plus. It’s often better to go for a wider greenhouse than a longer one for this reason. $135.00 $ 135. Let’s look at the pros and cons of wooden structures. The cedar wood framed Alton Evolution 5 Greenhouse is definately worthy of your attention. Wooden Greenhouses. Greenhouse Base Preparation Guide. There are so many different kinds of wooden greenhouses and there’s almost certainly one out there to suit everyone’s needs. We offer an incredible selection of high-quality greenhouse at the most reasonable rates. This is a fun project, too. Please practice hand-washing and social distancing, and check out our resources for adapting to these times. 6'x6' Palram Rion White Lean to Greenhouse (1.8x1.8m) £849.99. Pallet Wood Greenhouse … Not only can you store all … A back and top are not needed since this. Mini Wooden Greenhouses. With an outdoor greenhouse, you can have fresh air, sunshine and lots of activity. A plastic cheap greenhouse is a practical solution for first-time greenhouse growers or those who want a new greenhouse but do not want to spend too much. A Greenhouse Kit For Both Amateur In Addition , Professional Gardeners. Raul Wallenberg 4, Tel Aviv,Israel +972 37484000-3, News & AnnouncementsNew Work releasesArticles we found enlightening, © 2020 nextecobuild.com | 150384837-20 | This website was built by, Mini Greenhouse Kit – How To Select The Right One, Top Six DIY Green House Plans That You Need To See, How To Build Indoor Green House – Environmentally-friendly Ideas To Explore, How To Build and Install a 75 Foot Greenhouse. My Hoop Greenhouse . Required fields are marked *. If you’d prefer to go with brand new windows, you can do that too. Building your own wooden greenhouse will save you a lot of time, money and stress. If you have a little space on your patio, or even balcony we have little 2ft x 4ft lean to’s from just £189, and remember all of our models have free UK home delivery. A little bleach water won’t hurt your sealant and it will kill off anything trying to get a foothold in that spot where you didn’t notice you missed the second coat of paint. Three storm windows are used for this design – one for the front and two for the sides. It has a strong wooden frame that should help it to last. Each wooden greenhouse is easy to assemble and come with comprehensive instructions to help you get them erected. The great thing about this greenhouse is that it is not just any hoop greenhouse. Best small wooden greenhouse - 6 x 4 Waltons Evesham Wooden Greenhouse. pages. Yes, greenhouse kits can be returned and have a 180-Day return period. Wooden Greenhouse Outdoor greenhouse frames are usually made from lightweight aluminum or wood, though they can also be made from other materials. Buy the cheapest seeds you can afford and then start preparing the soil as soon as possible. You’ll need to keep checking for excess water, keeping pests out and working diligently to prevent the soil from being compacted. Lowest prices guaranteed on Wood Frame Greenhouses. 8'x6' Forest Sherbourne Wooden Victorian Greenhouse . £739.99. Lean-to greenhouse. 5 out of 5 stars (1) 1 product ratings - Wooden Greenhouse 8x6 Outdoor Garden Building Potting Shed Apex Roof 8ft 6ft. Monticello has the largest assortment of greenhouse … It also has a tendency to attract insects, fungi and mildew. FREE Delivery. This greenhouse offers extra headroom with an increased apex roof Image: Waltons Evesham Wooden Greenhouse from Thompson & Morgan: If you’re short on space but don’t want to compromise on comfort, this 6 x 4 wooden greenhouse is the answer. Choose pressure-treated wood, cedar or redwood to extend your greenhouse’s life. This plan stands out for its simplicity, its suitability to small spaces, and for the fact that it is made from wood from an old wood pallet. Quieting 4 Tier Greenhouse with Steel Frame, Mini Greenhouse Stand with Transparent Zippered Roll-up door Cover for Garden, Outdoors Garden Plants Grow, 158 * 70 * 50cm, Green. This greenhouse is a great greenhouse for the beginner. We aim to deliver this to you within 8-12 Weeks. There are many types of greenhouse, and they come in various sizes and shapes. We helped Josh's wife make a DIY Greenhouse with help from Lowe's. Wood and humidity are natural enemies—you only have to take a short walk in a densely forested area to see what happens to wood exposed to moisture over time. That way you have a cheap and sturdy foundation and the best floor for a greenhouse. Here are some tips for keeping your wooden greenhouse like new for longer: Start with better wood – People love to build with white pine, and I understand why—it’s the most affordable option. Another great thing about this greenhouse is that is can be fairly cheap. Blog; About Us; Delivery; Customer Service; Contact Us; Showroom; Sheds.co.uk. The best quality wood for a greenhouse is Western Red Cedar from Canada, The grade that we use in the Alton greenhouse … We have the best cheap greenhouses for sale here at Greenhouse Stores. Build a foundation of dry sand (don’t worry about compaction). Get it as soon as Thu, Jan 14. Transform your garden with a wooden greenhouse by Swallow. Put the seedlings into a large pot and cover with soil and plants and then fill the pot with peat moss. 19 Item(s) Show. Although wooden greenhouses can take some extra care to keep them in good shape, for many gardeners being able to throw one up without having to scrimp and save for months is well worth the long-term care. It's large size is ideal for growing a variety of plants. So easy to build and it takes up minimal backyard space. Our range includes polycarbonate and wooden greenhouses, with a range of mini greenhouses and cold frames for when space is very limited. H. cheap-greenhouse. Dimensions (feet) 8 x 8: Difficulty: Hard: Build this Greenhouse 84. Painting involves painting on a paint that is specifically designed for use on outdoor greenhouses, so you won’t have any trouble using the paint on a wood greenhouse. Get a good quality greenhouse that’s strong and sturdy, that can handle the elements. This is no good at all, and it’s an unfortunate given with any wooden greenhouse over a long enough time frame. £319.99. Of course, if you’re going to buy everything, your expenses will more than triple, indeed. Instructables. HowToSpecialist has a free wood greenhouse plan that will only take you a few weekends to build. This project was a whole lot of fun and a big learning experience for me. Wooden greenhouses are an excellent choice for the hobbyist, so don’t be afraid to get out your saw and power screwdriver and build the hothouse of your dreams. 4.4 out of 5 stars 105. First off, you need to reuse, recycle, hunt, and salvage materials that are frankly abundant in and around your home. Each wooden greenhouse is easy to assemble and come with comprehensive instructions to help you get them erected. Wooden Greenhouse 8x6 Outdoor Garden Building Potting Shed Apex Roof 8ft 6ft. Compare (3 max) Qty. Storm Window DIY Mini Greenhouse; A wood frame and a few storm windows makes a nice homemade greenhouse. Visit YODERBILT Greenhouse in Mansfield, AR. 13 Cheap DIY greenhouse plans. Included in the free greenhouse plans are a materials list, diagrams, tools list, and tips. Natural Wooden Greenhouse Grow house Cold Frame , Description not got much garden space, but still want to grow your own plants. [video]. Peek into details of this mini PVC pipe winter greenhouse that is super cheap to build! Best greenhouses under $2000. Get 5% in rewards with Club O! The bottom line is that the more you can do to combat those little agents of rot, the better off you’re going to be. The longer you can delay repairs, the more time you’ll have for gardening. Wood Pallet Greenhouse: How to Build a Greenhouse, Cheap. FREE Shipping by Amazon. Our wooden greenhouses offer a sturdy natural structure that will look great in your garden area. Greenhouses : Give your plants and flowers the perfect place to grow with a greenhouse. Add to Basket Quick View View details . A plastic greenhouse, on the other hand, can be easily damaged by snow and rain. We have a perfect solution for you – build a wooden or brick perimeter base, install plastic ground cover and lay gravel on top of it. This greenhouse is more sturdy than others that use plastic … Whether you're a veteran or beginner, Greenhouse Megastore has the right greenhouse kit for you! Bella 8 ft. x 20 ft. Silver Polycarbonate Greenhouse Here comes the garden’s Belle. Cheap greenhouse Collection by Hmntrizal. Can greenhouse kits be returned? All you need to make one like it is some PVC … We have a perfect solution for you – build a wooden or brick perimeter base, install plastic ground cover and lay gravel on top of it. Seal, seal, seal!


Starting next week San Francisco will be the first city in the country to offer a financial incentive to property owners that pursue urban farming on their empty lots. For allowing their vacant land to be used for agriculture, property owners can save thousands of dollars in property taxes each year.
Urban Farming Financial Incentive
Source: Zephyr Market Tracker
The Urban Agriculture Incentive Zones Act is a state law spearheaded by local advocates of sustainable land-use and state Assemblyman Phil Ting of San Francisco. Both commercial and educational farms are covered under the new Act – and even farms housing some livestock (zoning permitting). Community farming has grown in popularity in the City with long waitlists for individuals who want to pitch in and farm. This new legislation will offer more opportunity for individuals to grow together. Additionally, empty lots can frequently become a magnet for garbage and illegal dumping. Farming in these spaces will change that.
It takes time to develop a fertile growing space, both literally and figuratively! So in addition to the tax break, the new legislation requires that the five year contract for the farm stays with it, even if the property is sold (however, it should be noted that an owner can excuse themselves and get out of it by paying back taxes and interest). That way the effort and money put into establishing a project isn’t swept away immediately should the property change hands.
Other cities in California are hopeful to move forward with the incentives as well, but as of next week San Francisco will be the first to get it going; our Board of Supervisors has already passed the necessary local ordinanc


There is a verse in Amos that I love so much because of the picture of abundance it paints. In Amos 9:13, he writes, “The days are coming,’ declares the LORD. ‘when the reaper will be overtaken by the plowman, and the planter by the one treading grapes. New wine will drip from the mountains and flow from all the hills.’”
This picture perfectly describes the blessings of the Lord on His people. What it means, in layman’s terms, is that our crops will be so huge that we can’t finish harvest before it is time to plant and before we get finished planting, harvest is already coming again! Our crops will be so big that the new wines will just flow from everywhere. As a farmer, this has got to be what heaven looks like!
But, what if this verse is not really about crops, even though that sounds pretty good! What if what Amos is talking about in this message from God is that our work for Him will be that blessed if we get out there and do it?
The Bible uses farming analogies often. This is because the areas in which they lived were farming type communities. Agriculture references were something the people understood. And the same is true for us. Even if you are not directly involved in agriculture, you pretty much know when planting and harvest come. You know when we need rainfall. So we all ought to be able to understand what He is saying here and how it applies to each of us.
In John 4:35, Jesus says, “Do you not say there are four months and then comes the harvest? I say to you to look around you, the fields are already white for harvest.” He is telling us that now is the time. The harvest starts today.
In cotton, much like any other crop, you have to work when it is time to harvest. You can’t just wait until you feel like it. When the cotton is ready, it is ready. If you wait, the lint will begin to drag out and fall to the ground. The winds blow it off. The rains can damage its quality. When it is time to harvest, it is time. Same is true for grapes. They have a window of harvest and you have to work when that harvest is ready. You cannot wait for a more convenient time.
This also applies in working for the Lord. The time to be a witness is now. The harvest will come whether we are ready for it or not. The Lord will return. Lives will end. We do not when any of this will happen. So we must be about His business and make sure all those around us are ready when harvest time comes. If we work as witnesses like we should, we will overtake each other on the pathway of following Jesus. Our harvest will be so great that even those to whom we witnessed will become planters themselves. Picture an entire world of people working for Jesus in such a way that no one has to die without knowing Him! What an amazing picture that is!
While the verse in Amos is a beautiful picture in the world of farming, it is even more beautiful to think of it in relation to God’s work. That we would all be working together so well to reach the world for Jesus!
Be about the business of working for the Lord! It will make the difference!
By: Gina for Town Talk News


The borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville will implement a self-sufficient and sustainable food system in the district of Bordeaux-Cartierville thanks to financial aid of one million dollars granted by the Gouvernement du Québec, via the Climat municipalités - Phase 2 program.
This was announced today by Benoit Charette, Minister of the Environment and of the Fight against Climate Change, Minister responsible for the Fight against Racism and Minister responsible for the region of Laval.
The project, "Système alimentaire Bordeaux-Cartierville - de la fourche à la fourchette" (Bordeaux-Cartierville Food System - From Farm to Fork), aims to create a collaborative network that will integrate the production, processing, distribution and consumption of food products, in addition to providing for the management and recovery of waste products. The funding will be used to create spaces for growing vegetables and planting fruit trees, to build a new collective kitchen and to distribute food baskets to people in need throughout the borough.
Using a social innovation approach, the food system will engage community partners and local food system stakeholders to increase food accessibility in the borough. The organizations that will take part in the project will be financially supported in the development of a service offer that includes educational and awareness-raising workshops on healthy eating habits, local consumption and urban agriculture.
This food system will reduce the ecological footprint of local food supply chain and support the economic and social vitality of the Bordeaux-Cartierville community. This initiative is one of the projects selected in the third call for projects of the Climate municipalités - Phase 2 program, which supports pilot projects to fight climate change.
"Municipalities play a key role in helping communities adapt to climate change. Well aware of the issues specific to their territory, they are able to propose concrete solutions that will effectively support resilient and sustainable development. By supporting local food autonomy in Bordeaux-Cartierville, the borough is pursuing its commitment to adopt best practices in sustainable development. These practices will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Congratulations on this inspiring and unifying initiative!"
Benoit Charette, Minister of the Environment and of the Fight against Climate Change, Minister responsible for the Fight against Racism and Minister responsible for the region of Laval
"As construction work begins on Phase I of the Cartierville Cultural and Community Centre (CCCC), this food system project is already showing how the CCCC can become a hub of social innovation in Bordeaux-Cartierville. Not only is the project supported by organizations that will soon be grouped together at the CCCC, but a vegetable garden will be grown on the Centre's grounds and its kitchen will be used for food processing. I sincerely thank the Gouvernement du Québec for the funding provided for this project, as well as all the partners who are making it possible."
Émilie Thuillier, Mayor of Ahuntsic-Cartierville and member of the Executive Committee of the City of Montréal
This project is receiving financial assistance from the Gouvernement du Québec through the Climat municipalités - Phase 2 program and is concords with the objectives of the Plan pour une économie verte 2030.
Climat municipalités - Phase 2 aims to support municipalities in taking action to fight climate change. It has two components:
Component 1 - Support for the preparation of climate-change-fighting projects (analyses and studies);
Component 2 - Support for climate-change-fighting pilot projects.
Component 2 of the program has a total budget of $35 million. The maximum funding available per pilot project is $1 million.
The Ahuntsic-Cartierville borough's sustainable food system project received a grant of $1 million and cost a total of $1,822,602.


☀Earth Day ?- Yard care items.
Just like there are so many good foods that come from the earth to nourish and strengthen our bodies, the earth has also given so many good things to nourish itself. Our yard and lawn is it’s own little ecosystem that we want to nourish just like we do with our bodies.
Instead of using commercial pesticides, look to what the earth has provided to take care of your landscape. You want it to be a safe space that you, your family, and pets can play and relax in.
There are fertilizers that use iron, molasses, and seaweed to keep it healthy. A favorite of mine that we used this spring on our lawn is Sunday Lawn. Use JUSTINGREDIENTS20 for $20 off.
An ingredient to be aware of in many grass feed and weed control type products is 2, 4-D. This is a herbicide that has been classified as a “possibly human carcinogen” by the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). This is based on evidence that it causes oxidative stress and immunosuppression.(1)
This one above is made from nontoxic, environmentally friendly ingredients. Natural minerals like limestone makes for a great ingredient in pesticide alternatives for around the home and yard.
3⃣ SOIL AMENDMENT
Volcanic ash is an excellent soil amendment that helps with water retention. It also helps feed the plants through the roots because as it breaks down, nutrients become more available to plants. It can also provide aeration to the soil. This is a great option for food gardens, potting plants, & landscaped yards.
Making a compost bin and having a compost pile can enrich the soil around your yard. Compost encourages the growth of beneficial bacteria and fungi that break down organic matter and in turn creates a nutrient rich material.
Lots of things from your kitchen and garden can be composted: egg shells, cut flowers, coffee grounds, potato and banana peels.
Compost should be made up of a 30:1 ratio of 30 parts brown compost (wood chips, pine needles,etc) to 1 part green compost (vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, etc). Those things combined with water, oxygen, & stirring makes for great compost.
Have you already made the switch to better lawn care products? I’d love to hear your experience with them in the comments!
For our favorite quarantine homemade snacks, click HERE.
For better choice ingredients to make Ramen Soup, click HERE.
Ask yourself, “What do I need?” – Click HERE for my full post.
For two weeks of veggie packed meals, click HERE.
For all of my cheat sheets and guides, click HERE.


We welcome groups onto the farm for guided tours. In the past we have been a Teagasc Organic demonstration farm and we have also welcomed a number of other groups such as overseas farm groups and students onto the farm. Dominic can tailor the tour to group requirements, for example, general organic farming management or organic crop rotation and management.
To arrange a group tour please contact Dominic on 087 9694070. Minimum number for a tour is 10 people. Lunches or tea can be arranged for groups in the tearoom as part of the tour if required.
During the year there will be general open walks on the farm so keep an eye on our facebook page for announcements and details. Recently we had a walk as part of the Heritage Week 2015 program. Local ecologist, Dr Fiona McGowan and Dominic co-lead a walk through part of the farm and woodland.


Benefits of Kelpak on Beans, Dry/Green & Lupins
Kelpak trials on dry and green beans in South Africa, Poland, Australia and Canada all show increased yields:
- Increases root number and mass
- Improves natural nutrient uptake
- Increases overall plant growth
- Increases number of pods per plant
- Increases seed weight, yields and returns
Recommended application rates
Apply at 180 ml/100 kg as seed treatment before planting.
or Apply 1 - 2 L/ha in furrow over seed with planter
and Spray 2 - 3 L/ha between V6 and R1 growth stage (pre-flowering.)
Lupins : Spray 2 L/ha between 2 to 5 weeks after germination.
Kelpak can be applied in conjunction with standard fertilizer programs pH of spray solution should be below 7 for optimum results.


Our labour of love over lockdown has born fruit…and some veg, and herbs and loads of fragrant blossoms. That’s right! It is our pleasure to present the Brahman Hills’ pleasure gardens to you. We are hoping you find them as beautiful and utterly rewarding as we do.
We are proud to announce that our gardens have officially earned recognition as a Royal Horticultural Society Partner Garden. Additionally, we are honored to hold the title of Overseas Regional Winner in the 2023 RHS Partner Garden of the Year competition.
We are one of only two partner gardens in South Africa!
The garden is a sensory delight: the lush green foliage offsets the bursts of blue, purple and delicate pinks. With the gentle splash of water and the peaceful setting, it's an idyllic spot to be. The landscaping is given dimension and interest thanks to the tiered terraces and multi-level flower beds. These levels also provide unique outlooks for those taking in the sights or, from the other perspective, enchanting backdrops for photoshoots.
Not only is the garden a pleasure to amble around, but it also serves an essential function. Aside from the ornamental planting scheme, the design also includes an extensive kitchen garden which is used to supplement the Brahman Hills kitchen. This is so important for various reasons. Firstly, we can reduce our carbon footprint; secondly, we can provide the freshest seasonal produce as it's grown basically right outside the kitchen door and lastly, we can be 100% sure of the quality and ethical sourcing of our products because we grow, harvest and prepare them ourselves.


I recently learned about the Mass Farmer's Markets 6th Annual Strawberry Dessert Festival, and I wonder how I never knew about it before! From June 7th through July 7th 2013, eateries throughout Massachusetts will use fresh local strawberries to create fabulous desserts, donating a percentage of those profits to Mass Farmers Markets. This organization's mission is to partner with farmers, consumers, and communities to promote and sustain farmers market in Massachusetts. Local Farmers Markets improve regional farm viability, consumer nutrition, and community social and economic development. If you live in Massachusetts and want to learn more or see a list of participating eateries, here is a link: 2013 Strawberry Dessert Festival
Why should you use farm-fresh seasonal strawberries? Because they taste better! Since they come from local farms, these strawberries can be picked at the peak of ripeness and driven to you within a day or two of picking. Berries from the grocery store usually travel a LONG way to get to you, meaning that they must be picked before their peak ripeness to avoid spoilage. Look at how red and ripe these local berries look:
Now how about some great recipes to use those fresh strawberries? Here are some of my own tried-and-true Strawberry Desserts below. Just click on the links to get the recipe:
Real Strawberry Cake is made from scratch using pureed strawberries
and topped with Fresh Strawberry Buttercream
Pair strawberries with dark sweet cherries for this tempting Cherry Berry Pie
If you have some great recipes using fresh seasonal strawberries, I would love to know about them!


Here in the Pioneer Valley we know how lucky we are with many choices of local organically grown food. There are farmer’s markets in the surrounding towns most every day of the week. If a person or family have no space to grow their own food, or if rabbits are too greedy, folks in Western Massachusetts can simply stroll into one of several markets for fresh vegetables, fruit, herbs, eggs, goat cheese and grass fed ‘humanely’ raised meats. It truly is a paradise in many ways here in the valley and nearby hilltowns.
We all have the right to know where our food comes from and you can help one of the best food advocacy groups by going to their FOOD AND WATER WATCH facebook page and liking their page. They will get funding for every ‘like’ they receive in October.
One of my favorite farmer’s markets is on Tuesday but I seem to have misplaced the photos. I love being able to buy organic and locally grown garlic and ginger from ‘Old Friends Farm’.
Did you know that about fifteen years ago our country grew three quarters of the garlic we consumed but now most comes from China? When you are not able to go to a farmers market, please ask where your food is coming from. The more we ask and refuse to buy the sooner change will come. Why not take this quiz to see where some of your food choices come from. It is shocking to see how much of the food stocked on shelves in our stores . . . including, sadly, our food co-ops . . . is imported from China. Why not ask to have our food labeled as to what country they are grown in? Will you begin asking? We all must be vigilant about keeping GMO food out of our stores too or at least out of our homes. How can we when there is no labeling? Will you join in demanding our right to know? Monsanto’s GE sweet-corn may be coming to a store near you soon. Please just say NO. Learn more about GE food.
More and more there are winter markets too, where seasonal root crops and greens are available. What a joy to have fresh greens all winter long!
This Spring the green around our library became the site for a new farmer’ s market. Now, every Thursday there is a farmer’s market just down the hill from Flower Hill Farm.
Food is such a huge issue. I am focusing on what is happening here in the Pioneer Valley. As in the larger world . . . here in Western Massachusetts there is such abundance for some while others go to bed hungry each night. Healthy food is often too expensive for many and they can only afford less nutritious highly processed food, which in turn creates disease. Farmers in our area are aware of this and organized a new farmers market in a Northampton neighborhood where, in large part from donations from residents in the area, food stamps will have a double value.
Wealthy countries should be investing in sustainable agricultural practices for those in crisis the world over.
Sometimes there is live music at the markets adding a joyous celebratory feeling for all who gather to select fresh healthy food. Having such easy access to local organic food is indeed worth celebrating. Some would like to take that choice away from us by burdening farmers with hurdles that could make it hard for them to survive as small farms. Corporate agriculture would love to put an end to small family farms. Please learn about GIPSA and demand a fair farm bill. Thanks for calling congress and the president to protect small family farms. Reclaiming our food is one of the great changes growing today.
Let’s all celebrate and support our local farmers by keeping informed and acting to protect them.


EXPERIENCE NADU MINING PERLITE
We Provide Worldwide
Perlite is among the materials used in various fields in recent years. It is frequently used in agriculture and plant breeding enterprises. It is an effective material used in the construction and building industry. It is often used in different ways in the industrial sector, the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, and the ceramic and glass industry.
It is used to enrich the soil and increase its nutritional value. At the same time, pelit stores excess water with its water retention feature. If the moisture content of the soil decreases, the water stored in the perlite bonds is given back to the soil. It is especially used in the cultivation of seedlings and ornamental plants with this feature. Perlite is also used in grassy sports fields.
Yukarıemirler, Çubuk/Ankara, Turkey
e-mail: contact nadumaden.com
+90 505 014 5282
+90 554 166 0645
+90 505 086 6055


From the Heart of Africa to You
Our 100% Pure Ugandan Moringa Powder, grown on Priceless Farms on the shores of Lake Kyoga and the White Nile River. Uganda is among the most biodiverse areas on the planet and the epicenter of Herbal and Phyto-medicinal production in Africa.
The fecundity and ancient genetics of the soils, the abundance of pristine water and lakes throughout remote areas of the country are untouched by the impacts of industrial pollution; ideal for growing the most nutritionally potent plants and fibers on the planet. It is here that we plant and cultivate Moringa Trees to produce Moringa Leaf Powder. Processed, hermetically packaged on the farm, and delivered directly to the consumer from the heart of Africa.
All of our Moringa is grown, cultivated, harvested, processed and packed on our farm, “Priceless Farms” to retain the vital photo-nutrients that are so important to the nutritional value of the powder and delivered directly to you.
We’ve been developing and our fields on Priceless in Central Uganda, one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet, for over 6 years. The cultivation practices used to bring you this naturally pure, highly concentrated nutritious powder is unique and rare in the world of agriculture. The product has been available on the shelves of food stores and pharmacies in Uganda for two years now and we believe that it’s time to bring this amazing product to North America.
New Era in Herbal Medicine: Eostre World and Priceless Farms Unite for Transformative Healthcare Solutions
Eostre “EE-oss-truh” World Ltd., a pioneering leader in herbal medicine research and development, and Priceless Farms Ltd., a forward-thinking player in forestry herb growth and production, are pleased to announce a new and exclusive supply agreement.
Welcome to Priceless Farms “Priceless Products, Unlimited Potential”
A stunning example of re-forestation, permaculture design and community building by a for-profit organization. Recognized in the region by local governance and authorities as a model for future agricultural development in the region.
Processing Moringa Leaf Powder
The most nutritious super food on the planet; Ugandan grown moringa leaf powder. Harvested and processed on the farm and delivered directly to you from the heart of Africa.
I have never been more impressed and inspired by what I witnessed at Priceless Farms during my visit. The organization and remarkable transformation of the degraded landscape apparent from the surrounding properties to the verdant and thriving operation of this truly Priceless Farm. And he put me to work!
Tom Edstrand, Co-Founder of Landyachtz
The Moringa For Kids program has been a tremendous lift to the local community provided much needed nutrition for the schools in the region. Thankyou Pricless Farms for your support and kindness
I got my first sample of this wonderful powder just a month ago and have used it all up and my general health has been improved tremendously. Hurry up and send me more Ventree
Anonymous Canadian Customer


Into The Wild
From the sun-drenched hills of Southern California, heading north to the remote regions of British Columbia, and across the wild sea to the warmth of Sri Lanka - we have searched the globe seeking the natural world’s most unadulterated and sustainable ingredients, selecting those with abundant, time-tested benefits for both hair and scalp health.
We intentionally source ingredients grown with sustainable farming practices. We choose to formulate with plants and minerals that have been used by cultures throughout time for their healing and beneficial qualities for scalp and hair health. We do not use rare or trendy ingredients, and avoid contributing to over harvesting and unsustainable farming practices.
Each botanical is carefully harvested, consciously produced, and meticulously preserved from the moment it leaves the earth to the time it lands in Captain Blankenship’s bottles.
Consciously Sourced Ingredients
Every ingredient we select is grown and extracted from locations where they thrive, using methods that consider the earth, and its people, first. Hover to learn more.


Golf Course Services
This department has the responsibility for the maintenance and care of the golf course landscape and facilities. Under harsh environment, they care and maintain turf greens, fairways, T-boxes, aprons, bunkers, roughs, irrigation systems, and turf equipment. They also deal with the propagation of grasses, plants, and trees thru overseeding and replanting. They work on the precise mixing of chemical pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides used on the golf course.
This crew installs, maintains, repairs, and locates any electrical problems with the golf course irrigational system. They deal with construction projects such as cart paths, golf course improvements, painting, ground repair, and golf care beautification. This crew operates light duty vehicles, riding lawn mowers, hydrolic equipment, and many tools associated with golf course maintenance such as rakes, backhoes, weedeaters, and chainsaws.
Golf Course services include, but are not limited to the following:
- Landscaping – A primary responsibility of the golf course department is the landscaping of the course itself. This work involves coordinating with golf course managers and professional landscapers to determine the desired look and the care required to maintain that look. The Groundskeeper must be knowledgeable about growing different types of grasses and decorative landscaping.
- Maintaining Safe Grounds – This involves going over the grounds with an eye for potential hazards, such as sinkholes, flooding, cracked or damaged paths, debris and animals. This kind of thorough review must be conducted daily.
- Preparing for Special Events – Division staff participate in preparing the golf course for special events. This might include setting up special paths, roping, tenting and other event staging. It might also include being on hand for the event to manage last-minute or surprise issues.
- Snow Removal – Remove snow or ice from roads, walks, and parking areas
- Exterior Maintenance – Clean sculptures, inspect golf course for hazards, and wash hard surfaces.
- Turf – Mowing, edging, leaf removal, fertilization, insect/disease control, irrigation, maintaining various irrigation systems, over-seeing, intramural, and athletic fields
- Flower Beds – Clean-up, mulching, edging, weeding, watering, fertilization, planting, and insect/disease control
- Pruning – All native and ornamental trees, shrubs and ground covers. Duty performed both to remove dead or damaged branches and to retain shapeEquipment Maintenance – Performs maintenance on grounds equipment ensuring equipment is safe and operational
- Rodent & pest control
- Parking & Road Maintenance – Responsible for cleaning debris and snow, as well as patching for all parking lots and roadways
Jake Villareal, Manager


I have been on a reading spree lately and there are two books I really want to write about. First, Michael Pollan's "The Omnivore's Dilemma", which was so fascinating and inspiring, I even committed it's message to canvas.
The thesis of the book is that the way in which our society obtains food is unsustainable and unhealthy, and though we as omnivore's are able to adapt to the lower quality of food, it does not mean we should. You may think the book preachy or one-sided, but it is so well researched, eloquent and frankly humorous, that I hope you'll give it a chance.
Pollan writes about four meals - what goes into them, what it took to obtain the ingredients, about the quality of the ingredients themselves, and the impact the meal has on our body (health, mind and spirit). The first meal is the "industrial" one. It begins with fields of corn, where the crop is grown in the usual unsustainable ways (monocrop, soil depletion, fertilizer runoff, pests and pesticides, etc). Machines do most of the work but the farmers don't make any money, because it costs more to produce the corn then what it's worth (the rest is made up by subsidies from the government so farmers can break even). Corn is then used to feed the lifestock, chickens, pigs, trukeys, sheep and even salmon and tilapia. Corn is processed into corn starch, corn oil, corn flour, as well as additives like lecithin, mon-, di-, and triglycerides, food coloring, and vitamins. Most of those things you see on your junk food label are derivatives of corn in one way or another.
Pollan also follows the production of beef in an industrial setting. Calves are born and raised for 6 months on independently owned ranches (complete with actual pastures). After they are weaned they spend several months learning to digest corn, at which point they are sold to feedlots to be fattened up. Some interesting problems arise when feeding corn to a cow. Apparently the high starch/low roughage of the corn makes belching difficult for the cows, causing a foamy slime to form in the rumen, which then inflates like a baloon. Corn is also more acidic then grass, causing the steers to have heartburn and ulcers, the acid eating away at the rumen wall, allowing bacteria to enter the bloodstream. So they need antibiotics. The manure of these cattle is so rich in heavy metals and hormones they the can't be re-used as fertilizer, so they sit in ponds on the feedlot. Oh and of course they sleep on a bed of dried poop, which sticks to their hide and gets transfered to the beef during slaughter - hence food poisoning. The final first meal that Pollan and his family ate? McDonalds!
The second meal was industrial organic. Better for you perhaps because it does not contain pesticide or antibiotic/hormone residues, but problematic in other ways. Still monoculture where crops are concerned, still large scale but now using manure for fertilizer and plant derived "organic agents" as pesticide. Since the veggies are not sprayed to preserve them, they need to be packaged and/or prewashed with some bleach. "Organic free range chicken" is an interesting bird. To be organic it is fed organic feed, without drugs or cages. To avoid the use of drugs the birds stay in a shed until they are about five weeks old, at which point a door is opened to the outside courtyard (a small lawn) where they can but don't really go for the remaining two weeks of their lives, hence free range.
The third meal, and by far the most fascinating, is the small scale or "beyond" organic. For this he spent a week on Polyface Farm in Virginia, a family operation that is honestly beyond cool. First there is the pasture. It is so much more than just grass: orchard grass, fescue, clover, millet, bluegrass, plantain, timothy and sweet grass. The cows graze in their allotted space for the day, mowing the grass, while also stomping it with their hooves, which will allow new seeds to germinate, and leave their manure for fertilizer. They will not be returned to this same spot again until he grass has grown (but before it grows to much and hardens). Chickens follow a few days behind the cows, so when they arrive at the spot, maggots have filled the cow patties. The chickens scatter the manure in their search for the maggots, enrich the soil with their own nitrogen rich poop, and in the mean time get fed a plentiful meal they were designed for eating (which leads to some superior tasting meat and eggs, I am told). Turkeys live in the orchard, where they fertilize the trees and vines, eat the bugs and mow the grass. In the winter months cows live inside but their manure is left in place, covered with a fresh layer of wood chips or straw every few days and the whole thing rises at a rate of about a foot per month. A few bucketfuls of corn are also tossed into the mix. All winter long the bedding composts providing heat to warm the barn, and the corn ferments. Once spring arrives, several dozen pigs are brought in, who turn and aerate the compost (killing the pathogens) while looking for the fermented corn. Polyface slaughter their chickens themselves, in broad daylight for "sterilization", and it's open to the people who come to buy the meat in case they want to watch (or help out).
The final meal was hunted and gathered. It involved wild pig, mushrooms, berries and veggies from the family garden. It was also interesting but this post is getting to be WAY TOO LONG again. Sorry about that.
Just a few more interesting facts I learned from this book:
- Most of the carbon atoms in the American body comes from corn. Mexicans have far fewer corn originating carbons because they consider feeding corn to lifestock a big no-no.
- Corn is unable to reproduce without men because the seeds are trapped in the ear (behind the husk) and even if they do get through it, they will die of overcrowding (consider the number of seeds stuck together on an ear).
- After WWII the government had too much ammonium nitrate, main ingriedient in explosives. They considered spreading it on the national forests to help out the timber industry, but in the end they decided to market it as fertilizer.
- The reason corn fed beef is less healthy for us is because it is "marbled" with fat that would not normally be there, making it more rich in saturated fat and less omega-3 fatty acids.
- Chicken Nuggets contain the carcinogen dimethylpolysiloxene and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a form of lighter fluid for "freshness"
Final summary - for food that is good for you, good for the environment and less cruel (if you are into that), buy local organic, preferably from CSAs (community sponsored agriculture) or farmers markets. Yes it is more expensive, but that is because you are paying what the food is actually worth. Spend less money on something else. This is your health and our planet we are talking about! I make exception for the really poor, who are screwed the most by our current food system (though I find that I spend less money on food now that I don't buy meat and shop at a co-op, so go figure...)
To find local farms go to:
http://www.eatwild.com/ (for animal products)
And now the art. Here we have a different kind of dilemma. My first attempt at this painting was really energetic and bold, but thusly less finished and frankly a bit of a mess. For the life of me I could not decide if I loved it or hated it. In the end I decided to tame it a bit, which makes for more pleasing but far less exciting work. I'll let you see both, the first now gone forever under layers of paint. Adieu!