After hours of researching and using all the models on the market, we find the Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants of 2022. Check out our ranking below!
Top Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants in 2022
List the Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants in 2022
Jobe's Flower Indoor/Outdoor Plants Fertilizer Food Spikes - 30 Pack
$4.97 in stock
- Easy-to-use formula for flowering plants
- No mixing or measuring
- Feeds for 2 months
Miracle-Gro Watering Can Singles All Purpose Water Soluble Plant Food, Includes 24 Pre-Measured Packets
- Convenient, pre-measured packets
- The quick, no-mess way to feed
- Feed every 1-2 weeks
- Grows Plants Twice as Big! versus unfed plants
- Contains essential nutrients that start to work instantly to promote quick, beautiful results
Scotts Super Bloom Water Soluble Plant Food, 2 lb - NPK 12-55-6 - Fertilizer for Outdoor Flowers, Fruiting Plants, Containers and Bed Areas - Feeds Plants Instantly
$11.86 in stock
- Contains high phosphorus to help plants bloom
- Feed every 1-2 weeks for best results
- Water-soluble plant food feeds plants instantly
- For outdoor flowers, fruiting plants, containers and bed areas
- Won't burn your plants when used as directed
Miracle-Gro Pour & Feed Plant Food (Liquid), 32 fl. oz
$5.99 in stock
- Ready-to-use plant food, no mixing required
- No mixing with water - simply apply directly to the soil
- Instantly feeds all potted plants
- Feed every 1-2 weeks
- For indoor and outdoor container plants
Nelson Plant Food For All Flowering Plants Annuals Perennials Bulbs Shrubs Indoor Outdoor Granular Fertilizer Color Star 19-13-6 (2 lb)
$16.91 in stock
- PLANT FOOD: Plant Food For All Flowering Plants featuring Nitrogen (19%), Phosphate (13%), Soluble Potash (6%); contains 25% Bone and Blood Meal; four nitrogen sources, each with a different release characteristic to feed flowers properly.
- FLOWER FERTILIZER: Multi-purpose fertilizer for all indoor and outdoor flowering plants, including annuals, perennials, bulbs and shrubs; will produce big and colorful blooms, larger in size and quantity flowers.
- PLANT FERTILIZER: Superior fertilizer for all containers, hanging baskets and in ground plants. Topdress or incorporate when planting new beds. If it blooms you can use ColorStar!
- IMMEDIATE RESULTS: ColorStar works with the soil and the soil biology to provide your flowering plants with the best nutrition at the right time and in the right amount. Your plants gets an immediate boost upon application, coupled with lasting benefits that continue to feed.
- SUPERIOR QUALITY: The leading landscapers' choice for flowers since 1986; will feed for up to 4 months; see recommended rate of applications and a list of plants in the description portion.
Osmocote Smart-Release Plant Food Plus Outdoor & Indoor, 1 lb.
- Our best formula, fortified with 11 essential nutrients
- Works with virtually all plant varieties, in all growing conditions
- Feeds up to 6 full months
- Apply with confidence to potted plants, indoors or outdoors
- No-burn pledge when used as directed
Organic Monstera Plant Food - Liquid Fertilizer for Indoor and Outdoor Monstera Plants - for Healthy Tropical Leaves and Steady Growth (8 oz)
- WONDERFULLY ORGANIC - Contains safe, all natural organic ingredients to help grow large, tall, and strong monstera houseplants.
- FOR LARGE TROPRICAL LEAVES - This easy to use liquid fertilizer helps your houseplant produce large and beautiful glossy green leaves that gives your house a real tropical look! Effective for all monstera varieties - indoors and outdoors.
- TOTAL PLANT HEALTH - Complete a complete blend to feed your monstera and promote steady growth, a strong root structure, and better overall plant health. Provides the proper nutrition to encourage a small monstera to grow into a large and lush mature plant.
- GENTLE FORMULA - Our light NPK plant food gently feeds and delievers the nutrition your houseplants crave that's lacking from standard organic soil mixes in pots and planters. Simply mix with water to feed your potted monstera with a nourishing soil drench!
- NATURAL DECOR - A live plant is always a great addition to your house a tropical and natural vibe. This fertilizer works well for all types of monsteras in various pot sizes: Deliciosa, Variegata, Albo, Borsignia, Adansonii, Pinnatiparita, Siltepecana, Obliqua, Mini, Swiss Cheese, and many more.
Fiddle Leaf Fig Tree Plant Food - Slow Release Fertilizer Pellets for Potted Figs - Steady Nutrients to Grow Healthy Indoor and Outdoor Ficus Plants (5 oz)
- ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS - A balanced mix to feed your ficus that promotes strong root structure, growth and overall better health. Provides the proper nutrients to grow your small fiddleleaf or audrey ficus into a giant!
- FOR GREEN GLOSSY LEAVES - Effective for all ficus varieties, indoors and outdoors, this easy to use formula promotes leaves that gloss and shine. Delivers the essential nutrients your plants crave that's lacking from standard organic soil mixes in pots and planters.
- GENTLE, STEADY FEEDING - A great alternative to liquid fertilizers that can cause overwatering, our fertilizer pellets added to your plant pot gradually feed with every watering, protecting your delicate houseplant from fertilizer burns and too much water.
- LONG LASTING FOR REAL RESULTS - One application added to your planter feeds your ficus trees for up to 6 months! Care for your live houseplants is simple and easy, with no spray or liquid feedings to accidentally forget.
- NATURAL BEAUTY - A live plant is always a great addition to the decor in your house, bringing you cleaner air and a natural vibe. This fertilizer works well for all types of ficus trees in various potting soils: Ficus Lyrata (Fiddle Leaf), Ficus Audrey, Ficus Religiosa (Sacred Fig), Ficus Elastica, (Rubber Tree or Rubber Plant) Ficus Benjamina (Weeping Fig), Alli (Narrow Leaf) and more!
Miracle-Gro Liquafeed All Purpose Plant Food, 4-Pack Refills
$12.48 in stock
- Feeding is as easy as watering
- For flowers, vegetables, trees, shrubs and houseplants
- Use with a Miracle-Gro LiquaFeed Universal Feeder
- Each bottle feeds up to 400 sq. ft.
- Feed every 1-2 weeks
Osmocote PotShots: Premeasured House Plant Food, Feed for up to 6 Months, 25 Nuggets
- Specially formulated for plants grown in containers, Osmocote PotShots plant food nuggets make feeding your potted plants easy with a pre-measured blend of essential nutrients
- FEEDS UP TO 6 MONTHS: Feed your outdoor and indoor potted plants for up to 6 months -- this 2X per year feeding schedule makes it convenient and easy to care for your plants
- NO GUESSWORK: Minimize the risk of over- and under-feeding by giving your container plants only what they need, when they need it with pre-measured plant food nuggets
- OSMOCOTE QUALITY: Osmocote is a unique kind of plant food; it consists of homogeneous granules finished with a proprietary slow-release coating derived from soybean oil; the coating ensures the plant's supply of nutrition is carefully delivered
- EASY TO USE: Each package contains 25 nuggets; application amount varies based on the size of your container; to apply, position nugget(s) half-way between the edge of the container and your plant’s stem, push 1-3 inches deep into the soil, then water
How to Choose the Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants?
Choosing one that will provide the best suction and come at an affordable price is not as easy as it sounds. There are many factors you should consider in choosing a Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants. One of these factors is the price.
This is because you should consider all your options before deciding on what type of Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants is right for you. Once you know how much you can spend, you will narrow down your choices and find the Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants that will work best for you.
There are several functions that you should look at before buying a new Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants. These days the more advanced Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants have some amazing features. Such as the auto Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants function that will help your whole home without any effort on your part.
When you look at the different features of different models of Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants, you will find that some have more features than others. There are also some models of Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants that will be more powerful than others.
You will want to look at all the functions available on Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants to decide which one is best for you. Once you have looked at the functions of Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants, you can then start to look at the various makes and models.
The brand is an important consideration. Your search for a new Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants should begin by looking at what has been said about the brand. Many consumers are impressed with the performance of a Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants that has been deemed high quality.
Ask how long the manufacturer has been in business. There is no point in buying a Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants if you cannot trust its manufacturers. Read the Consumer Reports Best Buy Awards and other reviews to see which models have the best reputations.
Old Customer Reviews
It is always a good idea to read some customer reviews when considering buying a new Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants. Pay keen attention to the reviews on a particular Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants function.
Are the customer reviews talking about how well it Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants, or are they talking about how hard it is to use? If the review talks more about how hard the Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants is to use, the customer will not use it that much. A good Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants will have great customer reviews and not have too many bad ones.
If most reviews are good and a few are not so good, it would be worth it to try another brand. However, if most of the reviews are not too bad, you may want to stick with the brand because of great reviews all along.
Pros and Cons of Product
It would be best if you weighed the pros vs. the cons of each brand. The decision on whether to consider the pros and cons of a Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants before you buy it depends on which Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants you want.
It would help if you looked at is how much dust your carpet and upholstery can handle. If you have a lot of furniture or delicate furnishings, then one with a wider cord would be a good choice. Whereas one with a shorter cord would be fine for a lot less delicate furnishings and not so much dust.
Whether you are thinking about a Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants or another piece of the home appliance, if always good to consider the warranty before buying it. Although you will find that most Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants have some limited warranty, some will cover only a few months.
You should also consider buying from a major manufacturer as they usually offer the best warranties on household appliances.
When learning how to choose the Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants, you must take the time to research all of your options. This will help you determine the model that will best meet your needs. Ensure that the store you buy from, especially if it is online, is reliable. Amazon, for example, is one of the most trusted online stores in the world. If you were looking to shop for a Best Plant Food For Outdoor Plants with ease, this is where you can go.


Are you ready to learn about a revolutionary approach to gardening and agriculture? In today’s article, we will explore the power of organic fertilizer and its remarkable benefits for both our plants and the environment. Organic fertilizer, derived from natural sources such as plants, animals, and minerals, provides the essential nutrients needed to nourish our soil and promote healthy plant growth. Unlike traditional synthetic fertilizers, organic options offer a sustainable and eco-friendly solution that supports long-term soil health and reduces harmful chemical runoff. One company that has embraced the organic movement is "Kellogg Garden" Products. As a family-owned and operated business with a rich heritage spanning four generations, their commitment to quality organic soil and fertilizer runs deep. Join us as we delve into the world of organic fertilizers and discover the transformative impact they can have on your garden and the planet.
Benefits of Organic Fertilizers
Organic fertilizers offer numerous benefits to both the soil and plants. By utilizing natural materials, they provide a sustainable approach to gardening and agriculture. Let’s explore some of the advantages of using organic fertilizers.
Improvement of Soil Health: One of the primary benefits of organic fertilizers is their ability to improve soil health. They nourish the soil by adding organic matter, which enhances its structure and increases its water-holding capacity. Organic fertilizers promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, leading to improved nutrient cycling and better overall soil fertility.
Long-Term Nutrient Release: Unlike synthetic fertilizers, which provide an immediate burst of nutrients, organic fertilizers release nutrients slowly over time. This gradual release ensures that plants receive a continuous supply of nutrients, reducing the risk of nutrient leaching and minimizing the need for frequent applications. As a result, organic fertilizers promote more sustainable and balanced plant growth.
Environmental Friendliness: Organic fertilizers are made from natural ingredients and do not contain harmful chemicals or synthetic additives. This makes them environmentally friendly and safe for both humans and wildlife. They minimize the risk of soil and water pollution, fostering a healthier ecosystem. Additionally, organic fertilizers help reduce reliance on non-renewable resources, contributing to a more sustainable and greener future.
By harnessing the power of organic fertilizers like those offered by "Kellogg Garden" Products, gardeners and farmers can enjoy the benefits of improved soil health, long-term nutrient release, and a more environmentally friendly approach to agriculture. Embracing organic fertilizers is a step towards a greener revolution in gardening and agriculture.
Introduction to Kellogg Garden Products
Kellogg Garden Products has operated as a family-owned and operated company, and our roots run deep and span four generations. With a strong commitment to organic farming and sustainable practices, we have become a trusted name in the field of organic fertilizers. Our dedication to producing high-quality organic soil and fertilizer has made us a top choice for both professional farmers and home gardeners alike.
At Kellogg Garden Products, we understand the importance of nourishing the soil with natural and organic ingredients. Our organic fertilizer is carefully formulated with a blend of nutrient-rich materials that promote healthy plant growth without the use of synthetic chemicals. By harnessing the power of nature, our products provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for gardeners who are conscious of their impact on the planet.
With our extensive experience and expertise, we have developed a wide range of organic fertilizers specifically designed to meet the needs of different plants and gardening methods. Whether you have a small home garden or a large-scale agricultural operation, you can trust Kellogg Garden Products to provide you with the right organic fertilizer to enhance the health and vitality of your plants.
By choosing Kellogg Garden Products, you can be confident that you are using a brand that not only cares about the quality of its products but also works tirelessly to support the organic farming movement. We believe in the power of organic fertilizer to promote sustainable agriculture and help create a greener future for generations to come.
The Power of Organic Soil
Organic soil forms the foundation for healthy and sustainable gardening. It provides numerous benefits for both plants and the environment. Unlike conventional soil, which often relies on synthetic chemicals, organic soil is enriched with natural organic matter that boosts fertility and promotes a thriving ecosystem.
One of the key advantages of organic soil is its ability to retain moisture. The organic matter present in the soil acts like a sponge, absorbing and holding water, ensuring that plants have a steady supply of hydration even during dry periods. This not only helps to reduce water consumption but also minimizes the risk of drought stress for plants, ultimately leading to healthier and more resilient growth.
In addition to moisture retention, organic soil also enhances nutrient availability. The organic matter in the soil undergoes decomposition, releasing essential nutrients that are gradually absorbed by plants’ roots. With a rich supply of nutrients readily accessible, plants can grow stronger, produce higher yields, and have improved resistance against diseases and pests. This natural method of nutrient cycling not only promotes plant health but also reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers, making organic soil an environmentally friendly choice.
Kellogg Garden Products has operated as a family-owned and operated company for four generations, making them a trusted name in the realm of organic fertilizers. With their expertise and dedication to sustainability, their products are carefully formulated to replenish and revitalize organic soil. By harnessing the power of organic fertilizer, gardeners can ensure the long-term health of their plants while nurturing the earth for generations to come.


How to grow plants from garden cuttings
How to grow new plants from old – with a little help from Mitre 10
Successful propagation essentially depends on knowing the best type of wood to take, having a good root-inducing propagating mixture and providing the right environment while the cuttings strike
Tools for the job
- Propagating knife
- Sharpening stone
- Watering can or bottle sprayer
- Hormone cutting powder or liquid
- Coarse sand
- Peat moss, vermiculite or Perlite
- Cutting or propagating mix
- Detergent or disinfectant
- Small stakes
- Plastic pots, trays, punnets, wooden or styrene boxes
- Clear plastic or glass
Step 1: Collect and prepare your cuttings
Decide which type of cutting you wish to be prepared then collect the plant material early in the morning when it is cool. Spray with a little water to keep them alive until you can prepare the cuttings. A cutting is simply a piece of a plant such as a leaf, a piece of stem or root which, when planted in the right environment, produces another plant. The main types of cuttings that you can do at home are stem cuttings and depending on the time of year and the conditions in which you wish to grow them you should use one of the following: Softwood or Tip cuttings are taken early in spring through to summer when the plants are in active growth. The soft fleshy growth of about 50-75mm long is taken from the tip of the stem cutting just below a bud. The leaves are removed from the bottom 1/2 of the cutting. These cuttings need a lot of tender loving care, such as small propagation box with a regular misting with water. Semi-hardwood cuttings are prepared from slightly mature wood, usually around late spring to early autumn. Cuttings look much the same as tip cuttings except the very soft tip is removed. The leaves are removed from the bottom 1/2 of the cutting leaving 1-3 nodes with leaves. This type of cutting seems to be the most successful for the average home gardener. Hardwood cuttings are usually prepared from the mature wood in late autumn and winter. The mature wood is usually cut into lengths varying from 100mm – 250mm depending on the species. There should be a slight sloping cut at the top just above a bud and a flat cut at the bottom just below a bud. The base is often wounded to help roots to grow. These cuttings are very easy to grow for most gardeners.
Step 2: Propagating mixtures
Your growing mixture should be free of weeds and disease, sterile if possible. The mix needs to be porous and drain freely while still holding moisture. Coarse river sand is useful, but it tends to dry out too quickly. A better mix is one you make up using: 3 parts coarse river sand 1 part peat moss.
Another very good light propagation medium is to mix:
- 2 parts Perlite
- 2 parts coarse river sand
- 1 part peat moss
Various brands of propagating mix are also on the market and available through Mitre 10 stores.
Step 3: Cutting containers
The best and easiest to obtain are plastic pots, trays or punnets. Cut down wooden or polystyrene foam fruit and vegetable boxes are also suitable. All are easy to clean, so make sure any container used is washed thoroughly before planting with hot water and detergent or dip in a solution of household bleach or another disinfectant. As with most plants, good drainage is essential. Any containers used should have drainage holes cut or drilled in the bottom.
Step 4: Planting
Cuttings should be planted as soon as possible after taking and dipping the cleanly cut base into a hormone cutting powder or liquid. There are a number of these products available from your Mitre 10 Garden Department and they help cuttings make roots quickly. Place a small quantity of powder or liquid rooting hormone into an old bottle cap and dip the bottom 12-20mm of the cutting into it. Once you have treated all your cuttings discard the remaining powder so as not to contaminate the unused hormone. Fill your container with slightly damp propagating mixture to within about 15mm of the top. Plant your cuttings in the container to about one-third of their depth into a hole made with a pointed stick or old knitting needle. Space them so that they are not crowded, otherwise rotting will occur. Firm by pressing the mix around them. Water in well and keep the container moist, but not wet. Avoid moving the cuttings too early, and then transfer to individual 7-10cm pots until advanced enough to plant in your garden.
Step 5: Growing climate
The success in striking your cuttings depends on the climate you provide for them. High humidity is needed to prevent the cuttings from losing moisture Nurserymen call this a microclimate and provide it in glasshouses with misting systems. All that’s far too elaborate for the average home gardener, but you can easily improvise. Inverting a glass jar or a plastic drink bottle with the neck cut off is one way. Using a clear plastic bag supported by stakes or wire is another. Any of these simple home methods create the humid atmosphere needed by preventing moisture from escaping. A good size propagation box can be made from heavy-duty clear plastic stretched over a frame of 75mm x 50mm treated pine or hardwood. A box like this can protect your cuttings as well as provide the ideal conditions for those difficult vegetable seeds. Light waterings with a small mist sprayer is recommended to create humidity and to keep the propagating mixture moist and cuttings fresh. Good ventilation is also a must in creating the right environment. When the days are warm lift the cover a little to allow the air in, but not so much as to dry out the cuttings. The top of your propagation box should be rolled up a little. Provide shade from direct sunlight as well, or too much heat will build up in the enclosed area causing the cuttings to stress and wilt. Most cuttings strike best at a temperature between 20-25 degrees celsius, so shade them from the sun with either newspaper, hessian or shade cloth for a week or two. Then harden them up to direct sunlight as root growth begins.


Determination of Shooting Potential and Growth Ability of Plantain Genotypes in Macropropagation Using Saw Dust and Spear Grass (Impereta cylindrica L.)
Plantain (Musa spp.) is one of the most important food crops. To obtain seedlings, most farmers rely on natural regeneration which is a very slow process and do not yield adequate amount. Tissue cultured planting materials are highly expensive and unavailable to local farmers. To carry out macropropagation, saw dust being widely used is not easily accessible, hence, the need for accessible substrate. In this study, the use of saw dust and spear grass were evaluated as initiation media using three genotypes as test plants. Sword sucker corms whose apical dominance was physically destroyed and initiated in test media. The corms were evaluated for shooting and growth parameters. Statistically significant difference was observed for numbers of leaves per corm and leaf width at P < 0.05 while at P < 0.01, leaf length was significant. There was variable adaptation pattern of genotypes to the initiation media. With saw dust, ‘Atagafong’ had best adaptation in parameters analysed while ‘Mble paul’ and ‘Atagafong’ were better than ‘Owom’ in spear grass. ‘Mble paul’ responded poorly in saw dust but showed 100% shooting. From the work, spear grass can be used as macropropagation medium but needs enhancement on its moisture content, water holding capacity and reduction in porosity.
Keywords: Determination, shooting, growth, plantain, genotypes.


There are several effective ways to get rid of pests and weeds outside your home without spending a lot of money on expensive products loaded with toxic chemicals. Do Your Part and find natural alternatives.
Let’s start in the garden. Slugs like to come out at night and devour your plants. But did you know they love beer?
Just set out a shallow container of beer in your garden overnight. The slugs will climb in and drown. They also like grapefruit. Set out grapefruit rinds on some boards. In the morning, simply put the slug covered rinds in the trash.
Vinegar will keep rabbits away. Put cotton balls soaked in vinegar in a small container. Poke a hole in the top and place it in your garden. Repeat every two weeks or so.
Weeds and grass popping up in walkways and driveway crevices can be killed with white vinegar. Be careful not to use too much or you’ll kill the grass along the sides too.
When you want to get rid of pests and weeds in your garden, Do Your Part by choosing an alternative to harmful chemical pesticides. It’s easy on the environment and your wallet at the same time.


Plants bring our home to life. However, they can create damp conditions and insects take shelter in them, compounding the problem to the point of pests. There are different types of rhizophagous animals that commonly feed exclusively on plant roots. There are from rodents to insects, which we will show below.
types of pests
1. The larvae of scarabaeidae🇧🇷 Or known as “blind chickens”, they can create a serious problem in your plants, they are rarely pests in trees. This insect lays its eggs in the root collar of trees. They feed from phloem from the trunk and roots, killing it completely.
2. The white worm. This insect feeds on the pollen of flowers. However, they also live underground and feed on plant roots. It can cause the plant to lose its roots or the leaves to turn yellow, until it dies.
3. Field mice. The diet of this animal is very varied, but it also tends to feed on the roots of plants. They do a lot of damage by penetrating the roots of trees, feeding on the bark and causing the trees to die.
4. Fly larvae. When they are worms, they feed on the root of vegetables, such as carrots, causing the plant to die.
At the at all pests We have all the supplies you need to kill pests. Avoid losing all your plants or crops, it’s time to get those animals out of there.


For those who love take care of the garden, our garden is ideal for this purpose. Around the hotel, you have the ability to plant flowers or plants.
You can also plant vegetables (like the famous beans of Kapi) and in a few days, your work will show you the first results.
Is the ideal way to relax, have fun and develop your skills.
Were you wish to learn about olive and olive trees and how the local people gather the olives, you may watch them.
You will love it. You can also try to do the same.
You have also the ability to see how the local traditional cheeses are produced. These cheeses are famous and known all over the world.


Keep Your Garden Green and Healthy - Some Lawn Care Tips
By Studio Machaan : Terrace Garden Designers & Outdoor Garden Products In Delhi
If you are a green lover then we know how precious your grass and plants can be for you. We also know how much time and effort you much be putting into nurturing these green elements of your lawn or a terrace garden. A real grass requires lot of maintenance as compared to artificial grass.
We will be sharing a few tips that you can follow to keep your garden green and healthy.
1. Soil PH Levels
For a healthy lawn and a healthy grass growth a healthy soil PH is a necessary factor. An idea soil PH level is between 5 and 7. Before you start growing your grass you need to get your soil PH level checked.
Test your Soil PH Level with an interesting home technique.
Take garden soil from different parts of your garden. Put about 2 teaspoon in two different bowls / containers. Add 1/2 cup vinegar to one of the container. If it fizzes out then your soil is alkaline with a PH level between 7 -8.
Now add water to the other container just enough to make the soil muddy. Add 1/2 cup baking soda. If it fizzes out then your soil is acidic with a PH between 5 -6.
Once you know your soil PH level then you can add additives to improve the soil PH Level. Two common additives are Sulphate and Lime.
2. Native Grass
Choose your grass wisely. As terrace garden designers our advice for a lush green garden / lawn with a healthy grass is to always choose a grass variety that is native and local so that it can adapt to the weather and climatic conditions of your place.
3. Mowing Tips
Mow your lawn before grass reaches its mowing height. Each type of grass has a different mowing height. The key here is to mow the grass when it reaches the one third or more of the suggested mowing height.
Mower Blade :
Sharpen your mower blade as a dull blade can tear the grass instead of cutting it.
Mow is different directions and patterns. By mowing in varied directions you ensure a more uniform cut, an upright growth pattern and reduce soil compaction.
4. Water Requirements
One of the most important facto in cultivating a healthy grass for your lawn or terrace garden is Watering the grass. Watering requirements depend on the climatic conditions and the humidity levels in your place. Watering the plants every day - once in morning and one in evening is a good practice.
5. Aerate the Soil
Over time the soil in your or terrace garden becomes compacted, reducing the air pockets that allow nutrients and water to reach the roots of your grass. To combat this, make sure your lawn is aerated annually. Spring is an ideal time to do this as it gives your lawn / garden the best chance to the receive the nutrients and water it needs to grow healthy all season long.
6. Deal with Bare Spots
You may notice a few bare spots in your well maintained garden. As terrace garden designers we know how disappointing this can be for a green lover. We have a solution for this problem. Flushing the bare spot with water, rake out any dead grass, then level it out with sand and soil. Next step is to re-seed with your grass variety and water regularly until the new grass is fully established.
We hope that our efforts as Terrace Garden Designers in providing these few tips prove to be helpful for all the green enthusiasts.


Nick Olkovich is an Assistant Professor and holds the Marie Anne Blondin Chair in Catholic Theology at St. Mark’s College in Vancouver. He completed three of his four degrees at the University of St. Michael’s College where he met his wonderful partner Julia, a graduate of Christianity and Culture and the Faculty of Theology, in a course exploring the thought of Bernard Lonergan.
Nick and Julia’s Victory Garden
I’m sitting in my living room looking at what’s likely to be the last tomato from the small garden we planted at St. Mark’s College here in Vancouver. Shortly after everything shut down on March 16, 2020—and well before the ground was ready in Toronto—Julia and I found ourselves sowing seeds—two types of lettuce, arugula, radicchio and puntarelle—and planting tomato, eggplant, pepper and cucumber seedlings.
Anxiously awaiting signs of germination and growth, we’d close our laptops around 5 p.m. every second day and drive up to the College to check on our pandemic garden. Slowly but surely our seeds sprouted and their shoots began to look like miniature versions of themselves. Within weeks we were eating arugula while Toronto was still under a pile of snow. Yet, our tomatoes had barely grown; the cucumber seedlings kept dying; and I was convinced that my pepper plants were shrinking. I was frustrated. Anxiety over the pandemic combined with the pressure to work harder and accomplish more. I was hard on myself like I was hard on the garden.
As the lockdown wore on, workdays and then weeks began to blur into one another and yet time stood still in a different way when we’d call it quits, earlier and gradually with much less guilt, and head up to the College. We’d go when we were miserable or angry with each other. It was quiet and it helped. We’d go on the weekends sometimes when the sun was shining and it helped even more. Julia needed her steps and so we’d walk after pulling weeds and talk in ways that our pre-pandemic weekdays never seemed to allow.
As time went on our near daily trips became routine. We’d pack our tomato ties, our scissors, and big ziplock bags that I’d wash after each use. Soon we lost access to a hose and so we started bringing a watering can that one of us would fill six or seven times behind St. Mark’s Parish whenever Fr. Rob wasn’t hearing outdoor confessions. As summer finally started to arrive in Vancouver the garden became a hot spot of activity. We met neighbours who told us they liked our greens (thanks?); neighbours we traded stories and plants with; other gardeners on the UBC campus who envied the shade our lettuce got; neighbours’ children and their pets. I began running into work colleagues, one who tended two of the College’s four garden beds, and others who still had access to the main building. These chance encounters and the short conversations they prompted—so everyday and yet so oddly meaningful—broke up the monotony of daily Zoom calls and online happy hours. Soon enough the garden started to produce and everyone we ran into or visited got a bag of lettuce or clippings of chard. What had started out as a pet project had become a way to connect.
In the end, not everything worked out. The eggplant and peppers never grew. Most of the tomatoes will never ripen. But over time my frustration with the garden turned to acceptance and then celebration. Look at all the delicious things we got out of two overcrowded and partly shaded boxes. Over time I’ve grown to be easier on myself and to celebrate all the little ways Julia and I have grown over the past six months. None of it was expected. None of it was easy. All of it was grace.
Read other InsightOut posts.


Purple sweet potatoes and black carrots are quietly becoming the sources for a new generation of natural food colours to replace synthetic and animal derived colours, say researchers.
Natural colourings that were used more than 100 years ago are making a resurgance as the global food and drink industry looks for sustainable sources of natural food colours in response to consumer and manufacturer demands, said researchers speaking at the National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) in the USA.
"The natural colours industry for foods and beverages is gaining in value as U.S. and international companies move towards sustainable and affordable crop alternatives to synthetic red colours and red colours derived from insects," explained Stephen Talcott, Ph.D., from Texas A&M University.
"In addition to adding eye appeal to foods and beverages, natural colourings add natural plant-based antioxidant compounds that may have a beneficial effect on health," he added.
One major change in recent years, he said, is the emergence of root crops, such as black carrots and purple sweet potatoes (PSPs), which are grown specifically for the natural colours industry.
The US-based researcher noted that PSP anthocyanins have proven to be among the best for food and beverage colouring - citing use in fruit drinks, vitamin waters, ice cream and yogurt.
Indeed, Talcott noted that the natural colours from PSP are very stable, and do not break down easily; have superior colouring properties; and have a relatively neutral taste - in contrast to the slightly earthy, bitter taste from grape-based colours.
Likewise, PSP anthocyanins have advantages over traditional synthetic red food colours and carmine reds extracted from cochineal insects, he said.
Such benefits increased sustainability and ease of production, he said, noting that cochineal insects feed on a certain type of cactus native to South America and Mexico and adding that it takes around 2,500 bugs to produce one ounce of cochineal extract.
However, Talcott noted that the pigments found in the purple sweet potato can be very difficult to extract. The research team noted that the starch content of the PSP along with an exceptionally high polyphenol oxidase activity not typically found in orange varieties "create additional processing challenges."
"During pigment extraction, these native enzymes are activated and oxidize chlorogenic acids and result in co-oxidative reactions that destroy the targeted anthocyanins."
Talcott noted that there are new developments in processes that extracts larger amounts of pigment from PSPs.
He suggested that these new, more efficient, processes could encourage the development of domestic natural food colouring industries - with agriculture spreads devoted specifically to growing foods for use in making food and beverage colouring.
By-products of these process include starch and fibre - which could then be used as animal feed, as a raw material for biofuel production or in various food applications, he added.
Alternatively, such by-products could simply be composted and used as a soil conditioner for producing more PSPs or other crops, said Talcott.


Over centuries, we have always advanced on how we do things increasing efficiency and saving on labor while we optimize results. It has always been our nature. And much of this advancement has been in the field of agriculture. Drip Irrigation Systems
Today, the world population is increasing at an alarming rate and governments are trying everything to make sure that they feed their population.
Lucky us, we have drip irrigation. An effective farming innovation that has proven to be extremely advantageous to farmers and its benefits cannot be written off. Because of it, farmers no longer rely on seasonal rains for farming.
Why do you need drip irrigation on your farm? Drip irrigation is advantageous on many counts, this is because;
Saves on water use; with drip system, you will be able to reduce the amount of water that is lost through evaporation, seepage, transmissions and other common leakages. This is because the water is directly delivered to the crops. As a consequence, you will save on water compared if you had adopted surface irrigation.Drip Irrigation System Supply
Uniformity in crop growth and yield; as water and nutrients are distributed evenly throughout the farm through an automated drip system, each crop relatively receives uniform attention. Therefore, you will be able to maintain consistent soil moisture and nutrients for uniform crop growth and yield. You will not have to worry about inconsistencies in production.
Controls water variability throughout crops' development cycle; studies support that there is a positive correlation between low water supply and yield loss. Farmers who depend on drip system will not have to worry about inconsistencies of the rains as they can supply their crops with water whenever they deem fit. As a result, they will be able to control plant stress increasing crop growth and yield.
Reduces the rate of tractor passes on the farm; as the nutrients can be delivered through the drip system, there will be no need of frequently using a tractor. As a result, you will save on labor, and fuel requirements, reduce soil compaction, root pruning, or any damage to crops.
It optimizes water use and nutrients distribution; drip irrigation can be control. You will be able to control the amount of water and nutrients that reach your crops at different times, depending on the development stages of your crops. Drip Irrigation System Design
Also, you can also control where in your field you wish to irrigate and input nutrients in your crops. As a consequence, with drip irrigation, you will always be able to precisely apply nutrients and water to your crops throughout the development cycle optimizing crop growth and yield.
It is cost effective; this system of irrigation reduces costs that are mainly associated with farming. For instance, when you utilize drip irrigation, you will incur low pumping costs as it does not require much water and pressure.
Moreover, as the water reaches to the roots of the crops not feeding the weeds, the irrigation system reduces the growth of weeds reducing the time needed for weeding. Consequently, as it is easy to mix the nutrients with water and deliver them to the crop roots, there is no loss of fertilizers and chemicals due to inefficiencies.
Therefore, if you need an effective method of farming, which makes sure that as a farmer you save on labor and cost while you increase your crop yields, consider drip irrigation. With it, you will be able to supply water and nutrients effectively throughout the crop development cycle hence maximizing your yields. It would be realistic to state that drip irrigation is advantageous on many counts. Drip Irrigation System Pumps


STATE OF AGRICULTURAL DISASTER
The Rural Municipality of Rosser passed Resolution # 21 375 on July 30, 2021, declaring a State of Agricultural Disaster.
On August 10, 2021, the Manitoba government committed to investing $62 million in programs under the AgriRecovery framework designed to support livestock producers affected by this years drought conditions, to ensure producers have options to retain and care for their animals while also supporting the longer-term sustainability of the livestock sector. Programs are currently being developed and will include funding for feed assistance, feed transportation, cattle marketing and transportation, and a herd rebuilding program.
Manitoba continues to take a multi-prong approach to help producers manage challenges including:
· Resources for producers including the Manitoba Hay Listing, managing pastures during dry conditions, alternative feeds for beef cattle, testing feed and balancing rations, early weaning of calves, the economics of creep feeding beef calves on pasture, and ammoniating low quality roughages. Additional details regarding these resources can be found at https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/livestock/beef/index.html..
· Manitoba announced that livestock producers are temporarily allowed under permit to cut hay on Crown Land that is not normally designated for agriculture use. The Agricultural Crown Lands (ACL) Leasing Program administers the use of available land and provides necessary permits. Unallocated ACL is also available. For more information, contact the ACL Leasing Program at 1-204-867-6550 or an ACL representative.
· The Manitoba government announced a water source development funding (well drilling and dugout renovation) intake under BMP 503: Managing Livestock Access to Riparian Areas. Program details are available https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/environment/environmental-farm-plan/assurance-bmp.html.
· Manitoba Agricultural Services Corporation (MASC) provides Forage Insurance to help manage hay and pasture production and establishment against potential losses. The Hay Disaster Benefit provides an additional $44 per tonne of coverage when there is a significant provincial hay shortfall at no cost to producers who participate in forage insurance. The Agri-Insurance program provides flexibility for producers to designate their crop to alternate use during the growing season such as using it to produce livestock feed. MASC has communicated to all Agri-Insurance participants the information regarding these options. Producers can check their coverage and learn more at www.masc.mb.ca or by calling an ARD and MASC Service Centre.
· Canada and Manitoba governments collaborate to provide AgriStability, a voluntary program for producers offering support following large income losses and is based on a producer’s margins. Beef producers have benefited from the removal of the Reference Margin Limit. For more information, visit www.agr.gc.ca/agristability.
· The Western Livestock Price Insurance Program is designed to protect cattle farmers against unexpected price declines. Cattle producers are encouraged to use this tool as part of their risk management approach. More information is available at www.lpi.ca.
If livestock producers have any questions or require further information about any of these programs or services, please contact your local ARD and MASC Service Centre or call toll-free 1-844-769-6224. They can also visit their website to access resources to manage dry conditions at https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/dry.html.


Yes, all fruit trees can be grown in pots as long as they are large enough. As far as the type of container, clay pots are heavy and stable; plastic is durable, light and easier to manage. For most fruit, choose pots 50-60cm in diameter.
Growing fruit trees in containers. • Position fruit plants in full sun • Water generously but allow the compost’s surface to dry out before the next watering, without it becoming bone dry • Leave hardy fruit outdoors over winter • Peaches and apricots can be covered with a lean-to shelter from autumn to late winter to protect them from rain-splash and potential peach leaf curl • To avoid the roots becoming pot bound, re-pot every year or alternate years after leaf fall. Once in its final pot, a plant can be root-pruned every other year with 30 per cent of the compost refreshed. In intervening years, replace the top layer of compost As far as the type of container, clay pots are heavy and stable; plastic is durable, light and easier to manage. For most fruit, choose pots 50-60cm in diameter. Fruit trees, vines and bushes can be planted in containers at any time of year. However, spring (March or April) is a particularly good time, as the roots soon grow and establish into the new compost. When planting, place plenty of crocks (small pieces of broken clay pots) in the bottom of the clay containers to retain potting media during watering. Use a good-quality compost (John Innes No 3 is ideal), or multi-purpose compost mixed with one-third by volume grit or perlite. Incorporate controlled-release fertiliser pellets, or feed fortnightly with a high-potassium liquid tomato feed.


By Marcela Owen
My organic journey started years ago when I started college and learned about the foods we eat. For many years I knew that eating organic is beneficial and that it’s definitely much healthier than conventional foods and produce. Sadly, “conventional” in the foods market is essentially food that is grown with the use of chemicals and pesticides. It’s not rocket science right? Farmers following conventional farming methods use pesticides, organic farmers don’t. That is the basic difference, but what do these differences mean for our bodies, our health and our environment? I list a few reasons why I opt to purchase and consume organic.
- The main and most obvious reason to eat organic is to avoid consuming residue of pesticides. With that said, we may also avoid herbicides and insecticides. Anything that is foreign and unnatural that we ingest, will most likely affect our bodies and our health in a negative way.
- One great reason to consider eating organic meats, if you are a meat or poultry eater, is to avoid the effects/residue of hormones, antibiotics and steroids that conventional meats have today. Animals are fed very low quality feed full of antibiotics and elements that are harmful not only to the animals, but also to the end consumer, as this toxicity is passed through to us.
- I typically can tell the difference between organic and non-organic food. Organic food simply tastes better, the colors are more vibrant and we get the full benefit of nutrients and minerals without chemicals.
- Environmentally is best to farm and consume organic all around. Organic farming practices nourish the environment instead of adding chemicals, pesticides, herbicides and a myriad of other harmful elements that our earth could do without. Organic farmers work with our ecosystem not against it. Organic farming not only respects the environment but also helps in reducing pollution and waste.
- Another factor to consider is that conventional foods last a very long time. What I mean is that their shelf time is extensive. Doesn’t that seem odd? So food companies need to ensure that food won’t spoil by adding preservatives, which essentially translates to chemicals. Organic food may spoil quicker, but isn’t that normal? Of course it is!
- Consuming altered food, alters our body. Our society has so many health problems and most of them, I truly believe are tied in part to the food we consume. The additives in food are not natural to the environment and not to our bodies. So it makes logical sense that our bodies will react to these chemicals. Organic foods can’t alter your body since it doesn’t contain added chemicals. Clean food is best to maintain our bodies healthy.
- How about the animals that we consume? If the animals that we eat are treated inhumanly, kept in bad conditions, are sick and inundated within their own waste, would you want to eat them? I doubt it, right? Animals that are raised as organic livestock go through a completely different process, one that it is humane, cleaner and free of unnecessary chemicals.
- Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs are exactly that, genetically engineered organisms. Several foods out in the market today include GMOs and no regulating agency incurs a labeling requirement, so you and your family may be consuming GMOs without knowing it. This type of food may be tied to health issues as well. Organic food is prohibited from utilizing GMOs in their food, so by consuming organic, you’ll know that GMOs should be excluded.
Be cool, go organic! That is my message to all of you. I encourage you to consume organic when possible, but please don’t overwhelm yourself. Be conscious of your purchases and take control. You have the power to purchase or reject what products you want or don’t want. As a consumer, you have more power that you realize. Re-evaluate where you shop, consider where your food comes from. Make wise decisions for you, your family and the planet.
When you see the USDA Organic label, it will give you peace of mind that you are buying products with none or very low exposure to toxic pesticides and herbicides. Remember that consuming toxic pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals in conventional food could potentially cause severe illnesses and physical/mental conditions. Organic foods compared to conventional foods and products that are grown without the use of chemicals, pesticides, herbicides and other harmful elements, are much healthier options for you and your family. When you buy certified organic products, be aware that this type of label also prohibits:
- Genetically modified organisms
- Ionizing radiation
- Sewage sludge – a source of asbestos, bacteria, fungi, heavy metals, and industrials solvents
- Antibiotics and synthetic growth hormones
By now you clearly have an idea of the differences between conventional foods and organic foods. You are welcome to expand your research it you need further convincing that organic foods are much better for you, your family and the environment than conventional foods. I assure you that your family will appreciate it as much as you will.


Farm fresh produce
- Vegetables are available to consumers within 12 hours of harvest.
- With the advent of processed foods and busy lifestyles, freshness is totally ignored. People are dependent on fortified nutrients and minerals to conform to minimum nutritional standards in their food.
- Fresher the produce, more nutritious it is.
- This nutrient dense produce is harvested only when it is at the peak of ripeness.
- Farm fresh produce look and taste better too.
- With so many benefits of eating local and seasonal produce, you are supporting your community and local farmers.


12:00pm - 5:00pm
Glasgow Scotland’s heritage apple varieties will be ripe for tasting at this year’s Apple Day celebration on Sunday 22nd October (12-5pm) at Townhead Village Hall & Orchard, Glasgow, a hidden gem in the centre of the city.
One of a number of Apple Day events supported by Helping Britain Blossom* across Glasgow and surrounding areas, the Townhead Village Hall event will showcase traditional Clyde Valley varieties such as Clydeside, Cambusnethan Pippin and Scotch Bridget which are no longer widely available in supermarkets and food outlets in the city.
The Clyde Valley was traditionally an apple growing area of Glasgow until as recently as the 1950s.
Unfortunately, these traditional orchards couldn’t compete with cheaper imports and new growing techniques that would provide the consistency demanded by supermarkets, and many Scottish orchards were grubbed up or built upon.
But thanks to a resurgence in demand for locally sourced food and support from organisations such as Helping Britain Blossom, a partnership between HEINEKEN and The Orchard Project which creates and restores community orchards, Scotland’s heritage fruit varieties are being brought to the fore once more.
Explains Fergus Walker, Helping Britain Blossom’s Glasgow Project Manager: “Scotland has a rich heritage of apple growing and some fantastic varieties not commonly found in mainstream supermarkets. This event is a great opportunity to get people learning about them and enjoying tasting them. “But community orchards have so much more to offer as well, environmentally and socially, which is why Helping Britain Blossom is sharing their magic across the UK by helping local people create, restore and access orchards.”
The family-friendly Apple Day celebrations of activity, fun and skill-sharing at Townhead Village Hall & Orchard will include: • Apple-themed Sunday lunch made by the Project Café • Apple pressing with locally sourced fruit – plus bring your own apples • Talks by orchard experts about community fruit growing • Heritage apple variety tasting • Make your own chutney • Longest peel competition
All events are free but it is recommended to book the apple-themed Sunday lunch in advance by visiting: https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/glasgow-apple-sunday-tickets-37754768529
Townhead Village Hall & Orchard, Glasgow


On this 2000 hectares of land, modern technology and a diversity of farming is to be seen with cattle, sheep, springbok and mainly alfalfa fields.
Take a self guided stroll to explore the De Zeekoe Farm and animals. Take a look at all the newest equipment and tractors of the John Deere Range.
Irrigation is done by central pivot points, with water from 2 irrigation dams and 2 rivers.
The factory on the farm produces pellets from maize, soya and alfalfa.
The farm's hay bales and seeds are distributed throughout the country.
On this 2000 hectares of land, modern technology and a diversity of farming is to be seen with ostriches, cattle, sheep, springbok and alfalfa fields.
Take a self guided stroll to explore the De Zeekoe Farm and animals.
De Zeekoe is a place to relax & feel inspired - an African farm and reserve. Here, away from it all, in a relaxed atmosphere with magnificent views of the Olifants River & Outeniqua mountains.
After a long exhilarating day under the hot African sun, unwind in our beauty and relaxation zone, treatments done either in our salon or under the shade of an old indigenous Karoo thorn tree, in true De Zeekoe fashion!
The Klein Karoo is renowned for its unique cuisine. Traditional ostrich, venison and appetising vegetarian dishes with a unique Karoo twist are just some of the plates of delicacies offered on De Zeekoe's impressive menu.


An effective potato yield will keep you loaded up with newly developed potatoes for up to about two months, from the time the plant blossoms.
When to harvest potatoes? The principal potatoes you can harvest will be close to nothing, child potatoes – typically alluded to as new potatoes. This could be pretty much as right on time as about a month and a half in the wake of planting; be directed by the blossoms which ought to be completely open. An adult yield however may be prepared 12 to 14 weeks in the wake of planting, contingent upon the assortment.
Harvesting New Potatoes
The harvesting system for youthful, new potatoes is not equivalent to for mature tubers. The justification this is on the grounds that you would prefer not to harm the leftover tubers when you uncover child potatoes.
On the off chance that you burrow cautiously under your potato plants, you will actually want to feel the tubers and judge their size, remembering the standard size that new potatoes are when harvested industrially. Then, at that point everything you do is to painstakingly pick a couple from underground. Take a couple from each plant, and from various sides of the plant.
The skin of new potatoes is exceptionally dainty, and you will not need to strip them prior to cooking them. By a similar symbolic you cannot store them for extremely long (it is the solidified – or relieved – skins that broaden their rack life), so eat them promptly, or possibly not long after harvesting.
Harvesting the Rest of your Potato Crop
There are no absolutes as far as the size potatoes ought to be when harvested; a few assortments do can possibly become greater than others, without beginning to fall apart (for example those that have been delivered or reared for preparing).
While you can uncover mature potatoes manually, this is a dreary interaction and it is simpler to lift them with a four-pronged nursery fork (spades and tools are bound to harm the tubers).
To lift total plants with a fork ensure you drive it into the ground away from the tubers (check with your hand until you can decide for a fact). Then, at that point switch the plant out of the ground. Delicately shake the dirt off the tubers.
Some of the time potatoes get abandoned in the ground, so when you’ve finished the harvest, cough up each column and recover the strays.
Instructions to Make your Potatoes Last
In case you are intending to store your potatoes for any timeframe, before you harvest them you ought to fix them. This includes is a basic interaction that thickens the skin and shuts the moment openings on the potato skin. Effectively done, you will actually want to store your potatoes effectively for quite a long time.
Whenever you have set up that the potatoes are prepared for harvesting, give them a decent, exhaustive last watering. Two or after three days slice the plants down to ground level and eliminate. They will be prepared to harvest seven days to ten days after this has been finished.
You can leave mature tubers in the ground for more than this, yet you should be certain that they are completely covered with soil and they should not be watered once more. On the off chance that it downpours, lift the harvest right away.


Our leafy greens are grown in a hydroponic farm, located in Montrose Colorado. We provide fresh, local produce to our community all year round. Our greens are grown from organic seeds, and are always non-GMO.
Now available at Golds Gym in Montrose, CO. Bags of spring mix for $5.50 (10% discount to Golds Gym Members).
We deliver locally to individuals and businesses! Please call for current specials and new products 970-318-1476.
Visit us at the Montrose Farmers Market!!


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A brief detour from my posts about antebellum literacy in the Shenandoah Valley…
When I transcribed the post about navigation and commerce in the Shenandoah (as of 1847), the thought was always in the back of my mind that, long before it was known as the “Breadbasket of the Confederacy”, the Valley served as a breadbasket to outlet points on the downstream of the Potomac (thanks, in great part, to the C&O Canal and the B&O Railroad). Strange to say, it’s rarely something that gains attention. Nevertheless, as it had been in 1840, grain (of course) continued to be a major flow out of the Shenandoah Valley… hence… the title, “the Breadbasket of the Confederacy”.
Since we are, at present, at the beginning of the 149th anniversary of “the Burning” in the Shenandoah, I thought I could detail… a bit more exactly… what specific grains (and other agricultural products) stood to be lost as a result of Gen. Phil Sheridan’s activities between September 26 and October 7, 1864. More importantly, how do these figures align with the figures given by Federal commanders, regarding the damage done to the Valley?
Before I begin, however, I want to add that the figures I tallied from the 1860 census do not… I am sure… reflect exactly what was present in September and October 1864. With many a farmer and laborer away (though there were still men, women and children who could tend to the farms, at home) in the ranks, production levels, no doubt, were less than they had been in 1860. Additionally, I don’t take the time here to give serious consideration to weather… though I’m sure someone might actually be able to do that legwork, and give us an idea of agricultural production conditions, between 1860 and 1864.
It might also be useful to know that agricultural products in the Valley, for the most part, had seen an overall increase between 1850 and 1860. There were some swings in the numbers, however. Wheat production (this is likely soft winter wheat, and not the hard winter wheat that became more popular, after its introduction in Kansas in postwar years), for example, had dropped in all but one of the counties, yet rye had been on the rise in all ten counties. Indian corn had also seen a good increase, and actually proved to hold the number one position as the top grain crop in the Valley (3.5 million bushels in 1860).
Here are the stats for grain production in the Valley, as of 1860 (my numbers may be off as the documents I referenced were blurred in some areas, but I do think it’s safe to say they are “in the ballpark”). All are measured in bushels, with the exception of rice (yes, surprising to some, I know, to see this unlikely crop cultivated in the Valley… which is measured in pounds). And, yes, I know… Buckwheat is not, technically, a grain… but it’s in the table, nonetheless:
Other documented food crops in the Valley at the time include (all measured in bushels) peas and beans (4,252), Irish potatoes (240,257), sweet potatoes (14,278); and, measured by 1,000 lb barrels… maple sugar (49,211), maple molasses (8,700), sorghum molasses (2,026); and, measured in lbs… honey (62,598).
Also of interest are the numbers for butter, cheese, beeswax, flax and hemp… 1,965,625 lbs … 38,251 lbs… 14,911 lbs… 3,444 lbs… and 10,232 tons, respectively.
Just for the heck of it, I thought I’d also mention the prevalance of tobacco in the Shenandoah Valley. As of 1850, it was being cultivated in half of the counties, and by 1860, it had been introduced to two more. As a labor-intensive crop, this was prime for slave labor. As of 1860, the top tobacco counties in the Valley were Rockbridge (456,556 lbs), Rockingham (153,304 lbs), Page (47,138 lbs), and Augusta (40,727 lbs). Additionally, also by 1860, cotton had been introduced to one county… Warren… yielding 13,200 lbs.
Another important number that will come up later pertains to… hay… which tallied at 88,812 tons for 1860.
As for livestock, in 1860 the Valley had the following…
|Swine||Sheep||Milch Cows||Other cattle||Horses||Working Oxen||Asses and mules|
Incidentally, 279,394 lbs of wool had been collected from the sheep that year.
I do wish to point out, however, that… as opposed to popular memory (yes, it’s been quite flawed in this area)… in 1860, the Valley was not the great apple-producing area that many want to make it out to be. That, in fact, did not start to escalate (on a grand scale) until after the Civil War. In 1860, orchard products in the Valley were only valued at $67,187, yet, in 1870, were valued at $245,916.
Finally, we get to the point where we assess what the Federals claimed to have destroyed and/or taken… and this can get confusing, so, I’m just going to stick to Sheridan’s tallies (which SHOULD be the sum total of damages caused by Torbert, Merritt, Custer, Powell, and Devin).
In November, Sheridan tallied for the entire campaign, that he captured over 435,000 bushels of wheat, 77,000 bushels of corn, 20,000 bushels of oats, 20,000 tons of hay, 10,900 head of cattle, 12,000 sheep, 15,000 swine, 12,000 pounds of ham and bacon, 3,772 horses, 71 flour mills, and 1,000 barns.
Was Sheridan overestimating, or were these figures accurate?
Even if his November report was close to being accurate, based on the 1860 census, how do damages stack up?
If we were to break-out the counties specifically impacted by “the Burning”, we’d need to narrow the list, but Sheridan’s November report… does it include all ten counties, or just the “upper” eight (excluding Rockbridge)? Let’s exclude Jefferson, Berkeley and Rockbridge counties from the assessment. So, again, based on the 1860 census (which I earlier noted, probably does not accurately reflect the status of agriculture as of late September 1864), the damages would amount to…
435,000 bushels of wheat (1,596,896 bushels in 1860) – a loss of just over 27%
77,000 bushels of corn (2,504,729 bushels in 1860) – a loss of just over 3%
20,000 bushels of oats (552,749 bushels in 1860) – a loss of just over 3%
20,000 tons of hay (64,884 tons in 1860) – a loss of just over 31%
10,900 head of cattle (I’m going to lump both milch cows and other cattle into this, which results in 58,154 head, in 1860) – a loss of over 18%
12,000 sheep (48,983 in 1860) – a loss of over 24%
15,000 swine (117,149 in 1860) – a loss of over 12%
Ham and bacon cannot be accurately tallied for loss.
3,772 horses (this is difficult considering how many horses probably left with their owners who went into the military AND how many may have been taken… yes, by both sides… since 1861, but… 29,725 in 1860) – a loss of over 12%
Flour mills and barns… there’s not an exact count in 1860, so I can’t calculate the loss.
How can these stats be adjusted to calculate the true loss?
We can’t, as we have no idea what the status of Valley agriculture was, between 1860 and September 1864.
Civilians had sold (to include being “requisitioned”) and given away items to the Confederate AND Federal forces, while others had livestock and crops taken (though not nearly to the level that we see in 1864) by both sides. Likewise, as I mentioned above, there were factors involving the output of the farms. Was there a significant decline because of some of the men leaving, and/or on account of weather conditions? Make no mistake, however… there were men still at home, and working farms (once we start talking about evading conscription, things get interesting in another direction). If not, it would seem that the title of “Breadbasket of the Confederacy” might be rather short-lived. Was it truly a “breadbasket” only in 1861 and 62, or had it continued to prove invaluable and warranted the title up until the Burning?
Ultimately, a discussion about the impact (whether as significant as Sheridan reported, or less so) should include census numbers such as these. They won’t give us definitive answers, but I think they need to be considered when we try to figure out the true extent of the damages caused by Sheridan’s “Burning”.


Title: Plant Growing and Identifying Variables
Grade Level: 5th Grade (can be adapted for other grade levels)
- Split students into groups of 4. Each group will plant 3 different cups with pea pod seeds.
- One cup will only contain the pea pod seeds, one will contain the miracle grow, and one will contain the jobe sticks. Each cup will contain 3 seeds. Students must make sure the same amount of soil is in each cup.
- Students will take care of the plants for 3 weeks. When feeding the plants, they should measure the same amount of water each time and give each plant the same amount of light.
- Student must write down what the independent and dependent variables are in the experiment.
- Students will measure how must each plant has grown everyday for three weeks, and record the results.
- Soil -
- Miracle Grow
- Jobe Sticks
- Measuring Cups
- Pea Pod Seeds
- Plastic Cups
- Light Source


Did the Winter Destroy Your Lawn?
Spring has rolled around again, and it’s great to get outside when it’s nice out. However, when you step out onto your front porch to look over your lawn, you are not too pleased. The winter months have won, your lawn lost – as evidenced by the overriding color brown. If you want your brown lawn to glow green once again, here are a few steps to pamper your lawn with a little effort.
Reviving your lawn does not have to be an intense process or an incredibly time consuming job, but you will need a few bucks and a few hours, perhaps a Saturday afternoon. The following four steps will bring life and health back into your lawn. Click Here to Read!


Vertical Gardens Need Love Too: The Importance of Drip Irrigation Systems and Maintenance
Updated: Aug 3
Vertical gardens are pretty awesome! They can help with air quality, reduce heat in cities, and provide fresh produce. But keeping them hydrated can be a real challenge. That's why a drip irrigation system is key.
Drip irrigation is when water is dripped directly at the base of the plant. It's better than other methods like hand watering or sprinklers because it saves water by reducing evaporation and runoff. Plus, it's more efficient since it lets plants absorb water slowly and evenly.
When it comes to vertical gardens, a drip irrigation system is extra important. Since the plants are growing upwards, water is more likely to run off or evaporate before it gets to the roots. With a drip system, each plant gets the water it needs to thrive, even in dry, urban environments.
But here's the thing: you can't just set it and forget it. You gotta keep up with maintenance to make sure it's still working right. Here are some tips:
Check the system regularly: Keep an eye on it to make sure there are no leaks or clogs that could stop water from getting to the plants.
Adjust the system as needed: Depending on the weather, you might need to change how often the plants are watered.
Clean the system regularly: Dirt and debris can build up over time and block the flow of water. So give it a good cleaning every now and then.
Replace damaged parts: If something breaks, get it fixed ASAP to prevent more damage or wasted water.
In short, drip irrigation systems are super important for vertical gardens. They help the plants get the water they need and save water in the process. And as long as you keep up with maintenance, your vertical garden will be thriving in no time!


Testing and demonstrating transformative solutions increasing climate resilience of the agriculture and/or forestry sector.
Under the Horizon Europe Framework Programme, a funding opportunity is open to build climate resilience, by developping innovative solutions, combining technological, social and business innovations.
The proposed solution should address at least some of the following aspects:
- Improving resilience of the agriculture and /or forestry sector, improving the capacity of the sector to withstand dry periods and extreme droughts while protecting the ecological flows, preserving biodiversity in and around the catchment channels, preserving longitudinal connectivity of the flowing streams, slowing the falling level of the groundwater table and reversing the loss of biodiversity.
- Exploiting agro-ecology as an approach to enhance the climate resilience of the farming system.
- Exploring integration of available smart farming approaches.
- Development of more natural ecosystems, generating combined benefits for climate mitigation, reduction of water flooding and soil erosion and maintaining or restoring rivers, peatland, wetland and natural floodplain.
- Further demonstrate and increase awareness of the value of maintaining and restoring existing natural systems, preservation of cultural landscapes and socio-ecological systems as providing a rich spectrum of climate services compared to other anthropogenic solutions, including integration of cultural heritage considerations as the legacy from the past, to be experienced in the present, and for transmitting to future generations.
The proposal should address the multi-risks locally identified, design and implement a systemic solution to reduce the identified vulnerabilities of the agriculture and/or forestry sector to climate change and to mitigate its negative potential impacts.
Under the Mission approach, collaborations to develop and test effective solutions between regions/local authorities/communities facing similar challenges are highly encouraged.
For more information on Admissibility conditions and Eligible countries, please visit Testing and demonstrating transformative solutions increasing climate resilience of the agriculture and/or forestry sector.


The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) is a tropical evergreen tree that produces the cashew seed and the cashew apple. It can grow as high as 14 metres (46 ft), but the dwarf cashew, growing up to 6 metres (20 ft), has proved more profitable, with earlier maturity and higher yields. The cashew seed, often simply called a cashew, is widely consumed. It is eaten on its own, used in recipes, or processed into cashew cheese or cashew butter. The cashew apple is a light reddish to yellow fruit, whose pulp can be processed into a sweet, astringent fruit drink or distilled into liquor.
More About:WILL POWER,Sarl Guinea bissau


We’re excited to share the news that U.S. farmers will have access to Enlist E3™ soybeans for 2018 planting through an agreement between Dow AgroSciences and ADM. The collaboration features a comprehensive closed-loop system designed to provide growers access to new technology.
Dairyland Seed will participate and offer Enlist E3 soybeans. Enlist E3 soybeans help farmers achieve exceptional weed control, ease of use and excellent yield. With tolerance to 2,4-D choline, glyphosate and glufosinate, Enlist E3 soybeans allow farmers to employ multiple herbicide modes of action postemergence to control the toughest weeds and curtail the development of weed resistance.
The program requires participating farmers to adhere to a comprehensive set of protocols designed to ensure the soybeans reach specific ADM facilities, which will process them for use in North American markets only.
If you’re interested in learning more about the Enlist weed control system, visit Enlist.com or contact your local Dairyland Seed representative.
®™DOW Diamond, Enlist, Enlist E3 and Enlist Logos are trademarks of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow. PowerCore® and SmartStax®multi-event technology developed by Dow AgroSciences and Monsanto. ®PowerCore and SmartStax are registered trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC. Always follow IRM, grain marketing and all other stewardship practices and pesticide label directions. Bt products may not yet be registered in all states. Check with your seed representative for the registration status in your state. Enlist Duo is not registered for sale or use in all states or counties. Contact your state pesticide regulatory agency to determine if a product is registered for sale or use in your area. Enlist E3 soybeans were jointly developed by Dow AgroSciences and MS Technologies. Always read and follow label directions.


ITRI’s Handheld Pesticide Residue Detector, a CES 2018 Innovation Awards Honoree, is a portable device that can determine whether pesticide residues are within a safe range when washing fruits or vegetables. It is a breakthrough in pesticide detection for consumer use, because, until now, pesticide detection was available only through commercial laboratories.
The Handheld Pesticide Residue Detector is easy to operate and read. The user pushes one button to activate the detector, and places the detector in water with the fruits or vegetables. The detector displays lights on the wireless charger indicating results. A red flashing light indicates danger, meaning further washing is needed; a yellow flashing light displays while washing is in progress; and a green flashing light signals that washing is complete.
The Handheld Pesticide Residue Detector includes patented technology innovations that make the portable, affordable, real-time pesticide residue detector possible. It employs a “Fabry-Perot Detection Spectrum System” and a “Dynamic Degradative Algorithm.”
Currently ITRI’s Handheld Pesticide Residue Detector can detect eight washable pesticides from the top 10 pesticide ranking lists in the U.S. and China. If used in tandem with specialized fruit and vegetable cleansers, it can also detect fat-soluble pesticides up to a 0.5 parts-per-million (ppm) detection limit.
In sum, the development of this device offers a solution to improving food safety. With this device, users can clearly know in real time whether their washing is enough to clean the fruits and vegetables and no longer need to worry about consuming food that contains excessive pesticide residues.


*Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the researcher.
Not tested in other applications.
This antibody recognizes Plant root FNR proteins (R-FNR1 and R-FNR2) including Arabidopsis and Maize. The antibody also reacts with leaf FNRs.
Filter-sterilized PBS, 50% glycerol
Store as concentrated solution. Centrifuge briefly prior to opening vial. For short-term storage (1-2 weeks), store at 4ºC. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20ºC or below. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
1 mg/ml (Please refer to the vial label for the specific concentration.)
Purified recombinant maize root-FNR protein (full-size, no-tag attached)
Protein A purified
For laboratory use only. Not for any clinical, therapeutic, or diagnostic use in humans or animals. Not for animal or human consumption.


There are lots of recipes for Sub Cool’s Super Soil on the net. Why is super soil important? If you want to grow organic marijuana but don’t want to fuss too much with organic fertilizers and whatnot during the growing season you can use super soil as a one time, take care of everything solution.
The idea is to create a super soil that is packed with all the things that organic marijuana needs during it’s life cycle. You put this soil in the bottom of plant pots (or if you’re growing outside in the ground you put it into the bottom of the hole), then cover the rest with regular, un-manipulated soil. The plant begins growing in regular soil, but as the roots develop they start finding the super soil and take off.
The idea with growing any plant, including marijuana, is to replicate as closely as possible the optimal environment. Set the plant up for success and then let it do it’s thing. Sub Cool has developed a great recipe over the years, as have some other growers. Google “subcool super soil” and you’ll get a good grounding in what’s going on.
The problem that I had with the recipes were that they used terms like “4 large bags of Brand X Soil”, without saying how big Brand X’s large bag actually was. If you don’t live where the grower lives, especially if you’re living in a different country, you’re not going to get the same brand of soil or the same size bags. I’ve re-written and re-jigged the recipe to be in parts. That way you can make any size batch you want.
The other problem I had was that I had to read and re-read a lot of recipes to get a clear understanding of what was going on. Hopefully my description will make things clearer to a newbie.
Here’s the first thing to understand. You’re going to start with a base soil. Some of this base soil will be made into super soil, and some will be put aside as base soil. When you fill your pots or your holes the super soil will go on the bottom and the regular base soil will go on top. Some people put in half super soil and half base, and other put in 1/3 super soil and 2/3 base. You need base on top because young plants and clones will get burned if you plant them right into the super soil.
The base soil is usually store bought potting soil. There are different brands and different types. Do some research on the web and see what growers in your area prefer. Where I live we can’t buy a lot of the brands I see recommended in the forums. The common brand around here, Sunshine Mix, gets mixed reviews. Try to check out the ingredients, although in some countries and with some brands you may not get to see much.
One thing you really want in the soil you buy is mycorrhizae. This is a fungus that bonds to the roots of your plants in a symbiotic relationship. The plant gives the fungus carbohydrates like glucose and sucrose, and in return the fungus improves the roots’ ability to absord water and nutrients. I was able to find potting soil with mycorrhizae in it pretty easily – hopefully you will too. Don’t be scared by warnings that there is fungi in the soil – that’s what you want.
You also need aged compost. Aged compost is compost that won’t burn your plants. New compost, while great in some applications, can steal nitrogen from your plants while completing the composting process. You can buy aged compost in bags, or you can use your own (which is what I did). Aged compost should be dark, crumbly and be able to sift through a 1/2 inch screen.
Organic worm castings are also required. Again, worms eat my garbage, so I have organic worm castings. If you don’t have a worm composting system you can buy worm castings. You can also start your own worm composting project.
You need vermiculite or perlite as well. These improve the drainage in the soil by lightening it and making it resitant to compacting. They also improve air movement through the soil.
These are the big ingredients for your super soil (or my down and dirty version of it). Remember, you’re going to put at least half, and possibly 2/3s of the base soil to the side for the top level of your pots/holes, so you probably need to buy more than what I put in the recipe.
Next come the nutrients. You need blood meal, rock phosphate, alfalfa meal, kelp meal, green sand and bone meal, You need azomite, epsom salts and dolomitic lime. Blood meal is essentially dried blood, and is a great source of nitrogen (it can also be used to deter rabbits). Rock phosphate is a source of phosphorus and calcium. Alfalfa meal is naturally high in nitrogen and benefits soil microorganisms by helping them convert soil nutrients into soluable forms more available to plants. It also contains the naturally occuring groth hormone, Triacontanol, which boosts the growth rates of seedlings. Kelp meal is a good source of nitrogen and potassium. It also contains minerals, amino acids, and trace amounts of other micronutrients. Greensand is a good organic source of potash along with iron, magnesium, silica and as many as 30 other trace minerals. Bone meal is a slow release source of phosphorus. Bat guano provides high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen
You also need azomite, which is a source of over 70 trace minerals. Epsom salts provide magnesium. Dolomitic lime also provides magnesium and lowers PH (which may or may not be required).
So, here’s the recipe I used:
5 parts base soil material
1 part aged compost
1 part worm castings (organic)
2 parts vermiculite or perlite
1/8 – 1/4 part each of:
1/16 to 1/8 part:
Mixing is a challenge, but not too hard. I used a cement mixer and a couple of sheets of plywood. You can use child’s pool or a tarp or a clean concrete floor. The important thing is to mix everything really well. If you’re mixing by hand don’t just throw the ingredients on top of each other. Spread the base soil out first, and then spread the ingredients evenly across the top of it. Turn it over carefully and thoroughly to make sure everything gets mixed in.
Once you’ve done that you put the super soil into a container. I used a couple garbage cans. Add 1 – 2 parts water, cover, and let stand for a month outside. Let the microbes in the soil flourish. Check your ph before using it, but remember that nutrients in organic soil are more accessible to plants, so ph isn’t as critical as it is in hyrdoponics.


|EN | DE | IT|
|BED AND BREAKFAST||WINERY||LAKE GARDA|
Olio Extravergine di Oliva
Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Extra Virgin Olive Oil Garda is recognized as an outstanding kitchen oil, especially when paired with typical dishes from the Lake Garda.
The high quality of this Garda oil, nowadays a niche product, is watched constantly by the quality consortium and a certification on the basis of production rules, one of the most restrictive in all Italy.
Color from green to yellow, light to medium fruity smell, fruity taste with a slightly bitter and spicy aftertaste of almond, acidity of not more than 0.6 grams per 100 grams of oil.
Extra Virgin Olive Oil LE VAI
Olive oil extracted with cold press of olive fruits within 24 hours from harvest.
The Extra Virgin Olive Oil LE VAI is unique because it is only obtained from olives of our production, hand-picked in October and November.
The milling within 24 hours from harvest makes it an oil of excellent quality.
The olive groves LE VAI are located in Bardolino, Calmasino and Cavaion Veronese areas.
Contacts & Reservations:
Tel +39 045 72.36.978
Fax +39 045 72.36.978
|Agriturismo LE VAI
localitÓ Levai 1
37011 Calmasino di Bardolino
|Verona - Lake Garda - Italy|


With the invention of the cotton gin, cotton became the cash crop of the deep south, stimulating increased demand for enslaved people from the upper south to toil the land by the time of the civil war,. It was, ironically, a northerner who helped cement the link between slavery and the production of cotton in the southern states in 1792, eli whitney, a massachusetts native, invented the cotton gin, a machine that removed the stubborn seeds from freshly picked cotton. The cotton gin created a market for slavery as the production of cotton rose so did the production of slavery these enterprises needed land, which stimulated the wars against the indians to take their land, which could then be used by cotton farmers, and plantation holders who bred slaves. The invention of the cotton gin is an example of the types of technological improvements associated with which historical era industrial revolution which technological development led to an increased demand for slaves in the united states during the early-to mid 1800s the cotton gin who was fredrick douglas during the civil war, what. Cotton prolonged america's most serious social tragedy, slavery, and slave-produced cotton caused the american civil war and that is why it was something of a miracle that even the new england.
Cotton initially was not a great cash crop, but the rise of the northern textile mills greatly increased the demand for cotton the cotton gin invented by eli whitney also made cotton growing more profitable. Social and economic effects agricultural changes - during the late 1700s and early 1800s most of the american south depended on slave labor for agricultural needs before the creation and proliferation of the cotton gin, rice and tobacco were the staple crops of the region. Before eli whitney’s invention of the cotton gin, picking and cleaning cotton was a slow, labor-intensive job workers, usually slaves, had to pick the seeds from the cotton fibers by hand. Whitney's cotton engine, or gin, made cotton an economically viable crop for the south and revitalized slavery, which had been declining due to the decline of tobacco responding to the demand for cotton from the rapidly developing textile industry in both the us and britain , cotton plantations spread quickly across the lower south.
Cotton influenced the development of slavery in the south before and during the civil war by creating a larger and larger need for manual labor in the. The cotton boom and the resulting demand for slaves brought increased danger for northern free blacks: the possibility of being kidnapped and sold into slavery in the south the practice of. “cotton prolonged america’s most serious social tragedy, slavery, and slave-produced cotton caused the american civil war” and that is why it was something of a miracle that even the new. There might not have been a civil war had it not been invented in the late 18th c, slavery was becoming obsolete it was useful chiefly in the cultivation of indigo, rice, and tobacco the second was becoming available from places like india, an. Thanks largely to the cotton gin, growing cotton became so profitable that plantation owners constantly needed more land and slave labor to meet the increasing demand for the fiber from 1790 to 1860, the number of us states where slavery was practiced grew from six to 15.
The creation of cotton gin that increased the demand for slavery during civil war 1,000 words 2 pages three important reasons for the start of american civil war 824 words 2 pages a discussion of the three important causes of the american civil war 826 words 2 pages. Due to its profound effect on american slavery, the growth of the cotton industry is frequently cited as one of the causes of the american civil war the number of slaves rose in concert with the increase in cotton production, increasing from approximately 700,000 in 1790 to roughly 32 million in 1850. 2) to demonstrate how the cotton gin, and expanding cotton production, fostered regional interdependence and northern industrial growth during the antebellum period 3) to highlight the fact that inventions often have unintended consequences, using the cotton gin and the expansion of racial slavery as an example. By the mid-19th century, america’s westward expansion and the abolition movement provoked a great debate over slavery that would tear the nation apart in the bloody civil war.
With the development of the cotton “gin” (short for engine), cotton rapidly surpassed tobacco, rice, and sugar as the number one southern crop cotton production increased 800% over the next ten years with assistance from whitney’s invention. While the gin increased considerably the amount of cotton that could be produced, the relatively low quality of the short-staple cotton fibers, combined with damage caused by whitney's gin, resulted in the cotton of upland georgia selling for half the price of long-staple cotton. Start studying interim assessment 5: us history learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools which technological development led to an increased demand for slaves in the united states during the early- to mid-1800s c following the civil war and the end of slavery,. In 1794, us-born inventor eli whitney (1765-1825) patented the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton. African slavery and the cotton gin during and after the revolutionary war the government during the time of slavery was embattled with what exactly to do about slavery the southern states wanted to keep slavery since it was a means of making a living whitney's cotton gin was a bridge for the farmers to increase production and demand.
King cotton was a phrase coined in the years before the civil war to refer to the economy of the american south the southern economy was particularly dependent on cotton and, as cotton was very much in demand, both in america and europe, it created a special set of circumstances. If the need for labor for crops like tobacco had created slavery, it was king cotton that kept the institution from ending until the civil war brought it to its violent finale references us historyorg: the growth of slavery. Cotton and the civil war by eugene r dattel if slavery was the corner stone of the confederacy, cotton was its foundation at home its social and economic institutions rested upon cotton abroad its diplomacy centered around the well-known dependence of europeupon an uninterrupted supply of cotton from the southern states. While the task of operating the gin was far less painful, the increased demand for slaves resulted in slavery raising from around 700,000 slaves in the years before its invention to nearly double that in the next two decades.
Cotton growing became so profitable for the planters that it greatly increased their demand for both land and slave labor in 1790 there were six slave states in 1860 there were 15. Eli whitney changed the course of history in the southern united states with the invention of the cotton gin it helped many southern plantation owners become rich off their cotton crops however, it also increased the demand for slaves.
The role of slavery in bringing on the civil war has been hotly debated for decades one important way of approaching the issue when massachusetts native eli whitney invented the cotton gin—a simple of the south at the same time, the world demand for cotton exploded by 1840, cotton produced in the american south earned more money.


By Lindsey Konkel for Civil Eats
Starvation Alley Farms’s Jessika Tantisook; Photo: Rich Crowder
As the holidays approach, fresh cranberries are once again appearing in grocery displays across the country. But if you’re hoping to score some organic cranberries, you might find yourself beating the bushes to find them.
While cranberries, in general, are considered a specialty crop in the U.S., organic cranberries are truly niche. Of the 40,000 acres of commercially managed cranberry bogs in this country, just a sliver — roughly 200 to 300 acres — are organic. All the organic cranberry beds in the U.S. could be squeezed into an area about one-third the size of New York’s Central Park.
Touted by dieticians for their nutritional value and prized by foodies for their culinary versatility, these tiny fruit are notoriously difficult to farm. Cranberries grow slowly. Many varieties are biennial bearing — it takes them two seasons to bear fruit. Cranberries grow on vines in sunken beds called bogs. Some growers dry-harvest the berries. Others flood the bogs and corral the cranberries, which float. Weeds, insects, and pathogenic fungi thrive in the boggy, wetland conditions needed to cultivate cranberries. And organic growers have few tools to fight these pests.
When Jessika Tantisook and her partner took over a conventionally grown cranberry bog in hopes of turning it into an organic farm, university researchers and other growers told them it couldn’t be done.
“There was astonishingly little information out there to guide us,” said Tantisook, co-owner of Starvation Alley Farms in Long Beach, Washington. Through trial and error, the couple began transitioning the 10-acre bog to certified organic — a process that takes three years.
The local agricultural extension helped them to identify pathogens and other growing problems, but offered little in the way of organic solutions. Tantisook says they relied heavily on tips from organics experts from other industries. For instance, they used compost tea to build up healthy organisms in the soil—a strategy they learned from an organic blueberry grower.
Starvation Alley Farms’s Jared Oakes: Photo: Rich Crowder


We’ve been offline planting seeds.
Seeds of growth. Seeds of conversation. Seeds of books/podcasts/articles.
While the air we’re breathing is feeling different by the day, the changes that need to happen in our society are going to take time. Unlearning a bias doesn’t happen overnight. There isn’t a handbook or course you can take to check off the box. There isn’t one big thing we do and we’re done. Change happens inch by inch, day by day, like watching a plant sprout from the ground. It starts at home; it grows and spreads through communities; and it continues with the next generation. Some sprouts grow faster than others, but only when they have plenty of sunshine. Be the sunshine.
Keep planting the seeds and one day we will have a beautiful garden.