Published 1987 by Institute of Philippine Culture, Ateneo de Manila University in Quezon City .
Written in EnglishRead online
Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91).
|Statement||Jeanne Frances I. Illo.|
|Contributions||Ateneo de Manila University. Institute of Philippine Culture.|
|LC Classifications||HD1741.P55 I54 1987|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||xx, 91 p. :bill. ;|
|Number of Pages||91|
Download Impact of irrigation development on women and their households
Get this from a library. Irrigation in the Philippines: impact on women and their households: the Aslong Project case. [Jeanne Frances I Illo; Population Council.
South & East Asia--Regional Office.; Ford Foundation.] -- The report examines the social and economic impact of the Aslong Irrigation Project on the households affected, as well as the process by which men and women.
The Paperback of the Impact of Irrigation Development in the Philippines on Women and Their Households: The Aslong Case by Jeanne Frances I. Illo at Barnes B&N Outlet Membership Educators Gift Cards Stores & Events HelpPages: Buy Impact of irrigation development on women and their households: The case of the Aslong Project by Illo, Jeanne Frances I (ISBN:) from Amazon's Book Store.
Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible : Jeanne Frances I Illo. The Impact of ‘Women's Empowerment in Agriculture’ on Household Vulnerability to Food Insecurity in the KwaZulu-Natal Province impact of the. Abstract. Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops.
It is critical, yet a vital input of agriculture production process and pivotal to agricultural, social, and economic growth of nation. Civilizations have been dependent on development of irrigated agriculture to provide agrarian basis of a society and to enhance.
Irrigation use in Ethiopia dates back several centuries, and continues to be an integral part of Ethiopian agriculture. In Ethiopia, modern irrigation began in the s through private and government-owned schemes in the middle Awash Valley where big sugar, fruit and cotton state farms are found [1,2,9,10].In Ethiopia, irrigation development is a priority for agricultural Cited by: Environmental Impact Assessment and their Mitigation measures of Irrigation Project Article (PDF Available) December with 1, Reads How we measure 'reads'Author: Ebissa Gadissa.
women as producers and redressed sex-based inequities in development programs. But the weakness of these early efforts stressing women's economic participation was the inability of researchers and advocates to marshall convincing empirical evidence of the multiple roles of women and the negative impact that development had often had on women File Size: 1MB.
Women in Irrigation Case Studies of Schemes in the Gambia, Kenya and South Africa F Chancellor Report OD/TN 82 October Case Studies from the Gambia, Kenya and South Africa are investigated to determine the role of women in irrigated farming.
Data relating to women and opinions of men and women farmers are investigated at twelve sites. planners, researchers, development practitioners, and donors emphasized the importance of small sale irrigation in their policy recommendations and actual measures.
So, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of small scale irrigation on the income of rural households in Bambasi Woreda. This paperFile Size: KB. The survey result of this paper confirmed that, irrigation user and non-user households earned an average income of $1, and $ respectively.
The Amazon Book Review Author interviews, book reviews, editors' picks, and more. Read it now. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle AppAuthor: Yibeltal Setargie Berihun.
The impact of 2 irrigation projects, one in Midlands Province (Tagarika) and one in Masvingo Province (Mushandike) in Zimbabwe, on women is assessed. Both projects introduced irrigation as a means of improving agricultural productivity, thus raising levels of living of rural households.
In the case of Tagarika, it is shown that irrigation placed greater demands on women's labour Cited by: 1. That women play a central role in the provision, management, and safeguarding of water is one of the four internationally accepted principles of water management.
This principle is especially important for the developing world where millions of women lack access to water for their basic needs. The objectives of this chapter are to summarize what is known about women with Cited by: Women in Irrigation (TDR Project R) Cecilia Bagenholm Felicity Chancellor Report OD/TN 80 May This publication consists of a collection of abstracts from material used in a literature review of Women In Irrigation.
It is intended only as a working document and gives a brief overview of the material reviewed in the by: 1. The impact of rain-water-harvesting for irrigation on food security and income is the difference in households‟ mean International Journal of Novel Research in Marketing Management and Economics Vol.
1, Issue 1, pp: (), Month: September-DecemberAvailable at: Fig. tion water use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium arboreum) in response to a combination of six evapotranspiration (ET) replacement treatments and four irrigation durations in a semi-arid point represents an average of 31 values over 31 growing seasons.
Irrigation duration started on 24 June for incrementally increasing duration to 4 wk (21 July), 6 wk (4. Their roles vary considerably between and within regions and are changing rapidly in many parts of the world, where economic and social forces are transforming the agricultural sector.
Rural women often manage complex households and pursue multiple livelihood strategies. Their activities typically include producing agricultural crops, tendingFile Size: KB. Globally, women and men work together as agricultural producers and household caregivers to secure their households’ livelihoods, food security, and nutrition.
However, the division of rights, resources, and responsibilities between men and women often makes women and girls more vulnerable to malnutrition, poor health, and excessive workloads. Irrigation systems have been shown to substantially improve farmers' productivity, and thus help alleviate poverty.
Our study provides an example of such investment, the Participatory Small-Scale Irrigation Development Programme in Ethiopia. Com- bining a primary household survey with geographical data, we estimate the impact of the project on agricultural production and Cited by: 1.
Impact of irrigation on livelihood and food security in the modern Hare river irrigation scheme in Southern Ethiopia Judt Christine1, Loiskandl Willibald1, Ruffeis Dominik2, Hauser Michael2, Seleshi Bekele3, Hagos Fitsum3 1University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, 2BOKU Research for Development Forum (DEV-FORUM); Department of Water - Cited by: 2.
irrigation development requires concomitant development of surface and/or subsurface drainage. ANCIENT ORIGINS AND IMPORTANCE Irrigation may be the single most strategically important intentional environmental modification humans have learned to perform. While irrigation's impact has not always been as critical to the global agricultural economyCited by: 2.
call for an investigation of the causes and impact of water shortage on the members of the households in the township. Aim of the study The aim of this study is to investigate the causes and impact of water shortage on the households of Ga-Kgapane Township in.
Land rights equity is seen as an important tool for increasing empowerment and economic welfare for women in developing countries. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to empirically examine the role of women’s land ownership, either alone or jointly, as a means of improving their intra-household bargaining power in the areas of own healthcare, major household purchases, Cited by: This study examines the impact of Internal Savings and Lending Schemes in Gokwe South.
The research is motivated by the need to understand whether ISALs provide avenues for the poor and the poorest to meet their basic needs. The study examines whether the.
This study of the impact of irrigation development on women in Zimbabwe is focused on the Tagarika and Mushandike schemes. Tagarika commenced operation in and was based on a resettlement scheme. The Mushandike irrigation scheme, on the other hand, was established as a canal irrigation project and located on a resettlement scheme covering 15 Cited by: 1.
Women obtained per cent of the wage employment during indicating greater gender equity in rural areas. Women got still higher employment opportunities in states like Tamil Nadu (77%) and Rajasthan (68%).
This indicates that the scheme has empowered the women by providing greater employment opportunities (Dasgupta and Ratna, ). The purpose of this thesis was to study the impact of agricultural modernization on peasant women. Three indicators were used: the decision to adopt modern farm technology, the impact on drudgery and work efficiency, and additional employment opportunities from such technologies.
IMPACTS OF IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS FROM PALAWAN, THE PHILIPPINES A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Richard Tolentino Yao In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of.
Beyond Experiments in Development Economics: Local Economy-wide Impact Evaluation - Kindle edition by Taylor, J. Edward, Filipski, Mateusz J. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Beyond Experiments in Development Economics: Local Economy-wide Impact Cited by: in tropical-humid zones.
Owing to their wetness, such zones must ﬁrst be drained. Irrigation can come later, as a supple ment. Drainage must, however, be carried out with caution so as to reconcile the conﬂicting demands of agriculture, urban development, transport, and ecosystems.
The complications in. Ethiopia has been highly affected by drought and climate-related hazards, and millions of people have been left without sustenance every year. To increase productivity and diversify the livelihood scenarios as an option, small-scale irrigation (SSI) schemes have been study assessed the impact of SSI in achieving household livelihood improvement and the major Cited by: HISTORY OF IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT: Historically, civilizations have been dependent on development of irrigated agriculture to provide agrarian basis of a society & to augment the security of people (After Shirsath B.
Paresh). Here history of File Size: KB. The Impact of Irrigation LAND TRANSFORMATIONS Land transformations resulting from irrigation development are in all cases spectacular-especially when seen from the air or recorded in satellite imagery.
Aerial photographs showing the boundaries between the desert and the sown in, for example, the Nile Valley in Egypt, the Central Valley inFile Size: 6MB. but also took all time to share their important insights in the community and its environment, the project and its meaning in Dzimphutsi.
In the light of this appreciated team work, the sad bereavement of late Mr Armon B. Chirwa of the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development leaves an even larger void that cannot be filled. Existing laws and policies do not support the multiple ways in which women negotiate their roles in households, communities, and the is because men from the mountain regions are out-migrating in large numbers leaving women to manage not just household work but also other work related to agriculture, natural resource management, Cited by: 4.
The authors find that although households possess numerous strategies for managing climate shocks and shifts, their adaptive capacity is insufficient for the task of maintaining—let alone improving—household welfare.
They describe the role of public policy in fortifying the ability of rural households to adapt to a changing climate. impact on mobilizing finance for gender-biased projects than showing that access to water has an impact on gender equality. A study by the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) of.
Context of the problem in Shurugwi district. Irrigation schemes for smallholder farmers are essential policy options chosen by many governments in Africa with the intention to eradicate poverty and improve food security for their citizens (Gebrehiwot et al.
).Thus, small-scale irrigation schemes have a great impact on the livelihoods of rural communities across Author: Smart Mhembwe, Newman Chiunya, Ernest Dube. The Irrigation and Design Engineer under the leadership of the Project Director and the Project Management Advisor is responsible to provide necessary technical advises and guidance to the National Irrigation Specialist and the technicians of IWUMD who are implementing the day to day activities of Project Component 1 Strategic Investment, Land Development Sub-component.
Background: Small scale irrigation is an important strategy in reducing risks associated with rainfall variability and increasing income of rural farm -households.
Objective: To examine the impact of small-scale irrigation on income of rural farm households. It also presents the problems and challenges in use of small scale irrigation. Methods: A cross-sectional data. 24 Chapter 2: An Historical Overview of Nursing expected to do other jobs within the household, including housekeeping, cleaning, and cooking.
The 18th Century The industrial revolution began in the late 18th century in England () and continued into the early 19th century. It was a time of techno-logical advancement throughout the world. EarlyFile Size: 1MB.Dams provide numerous economic benefits and can mitigate the adverse impacts of water variability and extreme climate events.
However, such large-scale water infrastructure has also caused significant social and environmental costs, prompting calls .The majority of the world’s poorest people live in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Most of these households engage in rural farming and subsist on incomes at or below the international extreme poverty line of US$ per person per day (our working definition for the ‘extremely poor’) ().CARE, Save the Children, and World Vision are applying inclusive value chain Cited by: 3.


Download powerpoint Figure 5. Identification of FtsH isozymes accumulating in thylakoid membranes.
Received Apr 1; Accepted Aug This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract A variety of melons are cultivated worldwide, and their specific biological properties make them an attractive model for molecular studies.
This study aimed to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs from the mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear genomes of seven melon accessions Cucumis melo L. The data showed that there were a total of mitochondrial SNPs — in eachwhile there were 0—60 chloroplast SNPs among these seven melon cultivars, compared to the reference genome.
SNPs of the nuclear genome were better than the mitochondrial and chloroplast SNPs in the identification of melon features. The data demonstrated the usefulness of mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear SNPs in identification of phylogenetic associations among these seven melon cultivars.
Melon first originated in Africa and Southwest Asia Vaughan and Geissler and then spread worldwide. Inthe global melon production was more than 29 million tons http: Melon is an attractive model for molecular studies owing to its specific biological properties Garcia-Mas et al.
The economic importance and research value of melons would promote the completion of the genome sequence of its mitochondria, chloroplast, and nucleus Garcia-Mas et al.
Mitochondrial transcripts usually harbor multiple distinct processed 5′-ends. In our analysis, only a minority of mitochondrial 5′-ends overlapped with cosRNAs (Table 1, bottom)—a striking contrast to the overlap we observed at 3′-ends. Genomics of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria This illustration is a collage of a photograph of the model moss Physcomitrella patens and the graphic maps of its plastid (top/front) and mitochondrial (bottom/back) genomes. The proteolytic machinery of chloroplasts and mitochondria is essential for controlling the quality and turnover of these organelles' proteins and, thus, is important for their proper function.
Both chloroplast and nuclear genomes are often used for molecular phylogenies to identify the diversification and evolutionary history of cultivated melons Chung et al. However, the mitochondrial genome has been underutilized as a source of phylogenetic data on melons, which may be attributed to a generally low rate of nucleotide substitution due to the impact of RNA editing Govindarajulu et al.
Accumulative evidence supports the analysis of the mitochondrial genome for phylogenetic reconstruction because of the fact that the mitochondrial genome is paternally inherited and transmitted through pollen, like other species of Cucumis HaveyHavey et al. The mitochondrial genome of melon contains more than 2, kb of nucleotides, the largest one among the plants of Cucurbitaceae family.
In contrast, the chloroplast is maternally inherited, although its genome contains onlybp of nuclear acids. A comprehensive analysis of their genomes could provide a complementary rather than redundant insight into the reticulate evolutionary history of melons.
During the past decades, there have been numerous attempts to identify and evaluate the chloroplast and nuclear genomes as molecular markers to characterize melon biodiversity and to explain phylogenetic relationships using techniques such as random-amplified polymorphic DNA RAPD Nakata et al. Recently, various studies utilized nearly complete chloroplast and nuclear genome approach to identify molecular biomarkers for phylogenetic analysis Govindarajulu et al.
Assessment of genomic SNP is more popular and frequently used among molecular markers for genomic studies Govindarajulu et al. In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear genomes of seven melon cultivars from different countries and identified all SNPs in order to investigate their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships.
This study expects to evaluate the effect of DNA transfer among these three genomes on organellar SNP analysis and to investigate whether genetic polymorphism exits in the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of melon cultivars.
In addition, the study aims to investigate whether organellar SNPs are useful to separate melon cultivars and whether there is a difference in the mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear genomes as molecular biomarkers to identify the phylogenetic relationships.
Overall, we expected to utilize these SNPs to identify their organellar phylogenies and to construct the nuclear phylogeny using these SNP markers from the nuclear genome.
Some of these accessions were parental lines for several melon mapping populations, which have been extensively used for constructing genetic maps and mapping agronomical important traits.
The genotype of three published melon reference genomes Garcia-Mas et al.In this study, we carried out phylogenomic analysis to distinguish their evolutionary lineages by using red algal RNA-seq datasets of the 1 Plants (1KP) Project and publicly available complete genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts of Rhodophyta.
Abstract. The chloroplast and mitochondrion of red algae (Phylum Rhodophyta) may have originated from different endosymbiosis. In this study, we carried out phylogenomic analysis to distinguish their evolutionary lineages by using red algal RNA-seq datasets of the 1 Plants (1KP) Project and publicly available complete genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts of Rhodophyta.
Fluid transport 2. TRANSLOCATION OF ORGANIC SOLUTES. Young and growing structures of the plant body like shoot apex, root apex, leaf primordial, floral buds, axially buds, etc.
require vitamin, hormones and adequate energy source for their active metabolism and sustained growth. Genomics of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria This illustration is a collage of a photograph of the model moss Physcomitrella patens and the graphic maps of its plastid (top/front) and mitochondrial (bottom/back) genomes.
Thanks to Shahzeb for contributing the notes! 1. Characteristics of living things Biology is the study of living organisms. For something to be alive it needs to perform all seven functions of living things: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition.
A look at cichlid fish in Lake Victoria. This is the first in what I hope to be a series of postings. In the series I hope to accomplish two things, establish that evolution is an active branch of mainstream science and that there is indeed an overwhelming amount of evidence in favor of the idea of evolution.


With the help of many from the community, Calvary Episcopal Church in Richmond planted a fruit orchard of 25 trees at their Growing in Grace Community Gardens on Oct. 26. In July, Calvary was awarded a fruit orchard from Dreyer's Fruit Bars after winning an online voting contest.
Twenty orchards in total were given to community gardens around the country through the Communities Take Root program. The Episcopal Diocese of Texas and Calvary used e-mail newsletters and social media to get the word out about the contest. Although Richmond was one of the smaller communities, they received the sixth-most votes.
In May 2009, Calvary consecrated the garden to serve the Richmond and Rosenberg communities by bringing people together in learning and practicing a healthier lifestyle through growing fruits and vegetables. Since then, the garden has produced more than 3,000 pounds of vegetables, donating 1,500 pounds to the local women's shelter and Helping Hands, a local food pantry.
"Three years ago I knew this place could grow weeds, but I wasn't sure what else it could grow," said Anne Ondrusek, director of the gardens. "But now we donate produce to just about anyone that wants it, and this could not have happened without this community. This is not just a Calvary Episcopal project. This belongs to Fort Bend County; it belongs to God, and we are his stewards."
The garden is a half-acre of raised beds with drip irrigation, including table beds for the physically challenged. Children from area schools visit the gardens to learn about soil, composting, irrigation and other ecological information, logging more than 1200 hours of service time as "Master Junior Gardeners."
A crowd of 75 people gathered to help plant the new fruit trees including Richmond's 91-year-old Mayor, Hilmar Moore, Rosenberg's Mayor Vincent Morales, two city commissioners and the Richmond Police Chief, Bill Whitworth.
"My wheels are turning in my head," Morales said as he visited the gardens for the first time. New ideas spread amongst the crowd about how the space and new orchard could be used and improved.
The Rev. Paul Wehner, rector of Calvary, offered a blessing of the planting. "Bless this garden and orchard, that it will provide food for those in need, be a place of learning for those who work here, and be a constant reminder to all of your unfailing mercy and grace; through Jesus Christ our Lord."
Then, led by Rico Montenegro of the Fruit Tree Planting Foundation, community members planted 25 trees including lemon, orange, apple, satsuma and plum trees.
In the future, Ondrusek plans to teach the community how to can the produce in order to preserve it. There has been a slight struggle to get adults from around the community to get involved, but Ondrusek plans to stay focused on teaching children about gardening.
"If you can't get the adults, you go for the kids," she said. "That's one of the reasons why we have so many kids out here because the kids are going to be the ones that put the pressure on mom and dad."
The Growing in Grace Community Gardens are always open, and currently have available beds for planting. Opportunities to become a part of the community garden include growing vegetables, volunteering on workdays or becoming a "Friend of the Gardens." For more information, call Calvary Episcopal Church at 281-342-2147.


I have to confess this is something of a digression, as I ponder why one of our plantings from early summer has fared so poorly. But, as it’s been a while since my last post, I will cut myself a bit of slack….
Many gardeners are, quite rightly, a little obsessive about the soil in their gardens: its apparent shortcomings and remediation are as perennial a subject of conversation amongst gardeners as the weather is for everyone else. So spare a thought for those who, perhaps because they are building a new home, are faced with importing soil onto the site to create their garden from scratch. The chances are they won’t really know what their soil comprises before it arrives, and maybe not for a while thereafter. Unless they are very lucky, in all probability it will be a manufactured, sterile product of indeterminate origin. Hopefully subsoil and topsoil will at least conform to generally accepted criteria and have been delivered and spread in the right order(!). Anything more is a bonus.
There is a British Standard for topsoil – BS 3882:2007 “Specification for Topsoil and Requirements for Use” – which attempts to classify multipurpose and special purpose topsoils being moved or sold. It addresses lots of attributes like pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium content, organic matter, soil texture and contaminants. Anyone buying topsoil would be well advised to buy a compliant product. However, what it doesn’t address are living organisms!
All plants need topsoil if they are to survive. I’ll say that again. All plants need topsoil. Subsoil won’t do. Why? Because plant roots can only do their job with the help of a complex ecosystem of insects, fungi, and microorganisms that enable the plant to obtain the nutrients it needs from the soil. And the presence of that ecosystem, together with other organic matter, is what fundamentally differentiates topsoil from subsoil. Of course, plants roots need air and moisture too, and this living ecosystem plays a vital role here as well.
Soil Organic Matter and Humous
Soil organic matter is made up of a wide variety of materials derived from plants, animals, and soil organisms, which can be divided into four categories:
- living organisms and roots, making up less than 5% of the total;
- residues from dead plants, animals and soil organisms that have not yet begun to decompose (<10%);
- material undergoing rapid decomposition (20-45%);
- stabilized organic matter (humus) remaining after further decomposition by soil microorganisms (50-80%).
Humous (the stabilized organic matter) has the longest lasting benefits for gardeners. It is a mix of stable, complex organic compounds formed during initial rapid decomposition, which decomposes only slowly over time (about 3% per year). Humus comprises a mix of solid particles and soluble compounds – sugars, proteins, gums, fats, waxes, resins and lignin – that are too chemically complex to be used by most organisms but improve the physical and chemical properties of soil by:
- binding mineral particles together into larger aggregates, which helps to improve air and water infiltration and movement;
- improving water retention and release to plants;
- slowly releasing nutrients (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur) over time;
- helping to retain nutrients that would otherwise be leached from the soil;
- providing a “buffer” that stabilises soil pH; and
- chelating (binding) toxic metals in soil.
Soil supplied to BS 3882:2007 should at least have a modest organic matter content: the specification for general purpose topsoil is 3-20% (a rather wide range). However, it doesn’t distinguish between the different categories of organic matter, and could still be completely devoid of that all-important humous: in such a case it could take several years before a satisfactory humous content is established.
Of the circa 5% of topsoil that is typically organic matter (it can be up to 30%), about 0.2% comprises living organisms, albeit mostly invisible to the naked eye. One cup of undisturbed soil typically contains:
- 200 billion bacteria
- 20 million protozoa
- 100,000 meters of fungi
- 100,000 nematodes
- 50,ooo arthropods
Some of these have a close symbiotic relationship with plants, including rhizobia and mycorrhizae.
Rhizobia are bacteria that establish associations with plants such as beans and peas (legumes). They form nodules on the roots where they “fix” nitrogen gas from the air and in return the plant supplies the bacteria with essential minerals and sugars.
Mycorrhizae are specific fungi found in most soils that have symbiotic associations with plant roots. They are very host-specific (i.e., each plant species is associated with specific species of mycorrhiza) and enlarge the surface-absorbing area of the roots by 100 to 1,000 times by creating filaments or threads that act like an extension of the root system. In exchange for making the roots of the plant much more effective in the uptake of water and nutrients, the fungus gets essential nutrients from the roots to fuel its own growth. Mycorrhizae enhance the plant’s ability to tolerate environmental stress and reduce transplant shock.
Glomalin, which improves soil tilth, is a glycoprotein produced as a by-product of mycorrhizal activity. Glomalin, together with humic acid, is a vital constituent of soil organic matter that improve soil structure by binding the tiny clay particles together into larger aggregates, which in turn increases the pore space and helps to create an ideal environment for roots.
There are many other indirectly beneficial soil organisms, including microorganisms, insects and worms, which act to decompose soil organic matter into forms that can be used by plants, and also improve the soil structure. Most of the soil-obsessed gardeners I mentioned earlier will know organic matter improves soil structure: perhaps not everyone knows the beneficial properties are only realised with the help of soil organisms.
Earthworms are perhaps the best known soil organism – described by Aristotle as “the intestines of the earth”. In fact there are many different species of earthworm, which fall into four different categories:
- Anecic earthworms build permanent burrows deep into the soil. They feed on leaves on the soil surface that they drag into their burrows. Our dear friend Lumbricus terrestris is probably the best known species: it lives in a vertical burrow up to 3m deep, which it occupies for its entire life cycle. L. terrestris reaches sexual maturity in about 52 weeks and they can live for up to 10 years. They are typically dark coloured at the head end (red or brown), with paler tails.
- Endogeic earthworms live in, and feed on the soil. They occupy horizontal, non-permanent burrows in the upper mineral layer of soil, and are not usually noticed except after a heavy rain when they come to the surface. Some can burrow very deeply in the soil. Endogeic earthworms are often pale colours – grey, pale pink, green or blue.
- Epigeic earthworms live on the soil surface in leaf litter. They tend not to make burrows but live in and feed on the leaf litter. Epigeic earthworms are also often bright red or red-brown (but they are not stripy).
- Compost earthworms are, unsurprisingly, most likely to be found in a compost pile. They thrive in warm, moist environments with a ready supply of fresh compost material (which they very rapidly consume). They also reproduce very quickly. Compost earthworms are mostly bright red and stripy.
In all, there are some 26 species of earthworm in the UK. Charles Darwin wrote a paper on earthworms during his later years, in which he speculated that almost all of the fertile soil on earth must have passed through the gut of an earthworm. Perhaps he exaggerated, but ….
Earthworms are just a few of the many organisms that decompose organic matter in the soil and improve the soil structure. The deep burrows of anecic earthworms create passages for air, water and roots, facilitating the exchange of soil gases with the atmosphere – clay soils particularly benefit from extensive earthworm burrows. Anecic worms enhance soil organic matter and humus by dragging litter into their burrows. Endogeic burrows contribute to soil tilth, increasing soil porosity. (If you’re interested in learning more, you can even join the Earthworm Society of Britain .)
Soil organisms can be encouraged by:
- Adding organic matter: organisms require a food source.
- Applying an organic mulch: helps to stabilise the soil temperature and moisture, and helps prevent compaction.
- Avoiding the use of pesticides, some of which are devastating to soil organisms.
- Minimising cultivation, which can kill earthworms, destroy worm burrows and mycorrhizae, and damage the soil structure.
- Maintaining moist soil conditions (but avoid over watering).
As I mentioned earlier, the BS 3882:2007 standard doesn’t address soil organisms at all. In fact quite a lot of commercially available topsoil is completely sterile – devoid of any organisms, and with the organic matter provided simply by adding fresh mulch-type material from recycled “green waste”. Obviously, it could take several years before such a “manufactured” topsoil exhibits the level of fertility we would expect.
So, if you need to import topsoil, it really is worth trying to find a local source of natural topsoil, for example from a local construction project.
And what about that struggling planting I was supposed to be investigating? Well, the manufactured subsoil and topsoil complied with BS 3882:2007 and were certified by a soil consultant to be suitable for landscape planting. But with a soil texture that sets like concrete when dry, a pH of 8.3 and an organic content comprising a smattering of woody lumps, I’m wondering if it isn’t just a mix of clay, crushed concrete and wood chips! It could be a while before our plants thrive .
A Footnote on Soil Inoculation:
Generally, the results of inoculation with mycorrhizae can be inconsistent, because they are species specific. They also have a limited shelf life so, if you do want to try it, buy a fresh product. Commercial farmers growing legumes may use rhizobium inoculation, but the best tip for the gardener is simply to grow your runner beans on the same patch each year (against our crop rotation instincts, I know, but it generally works). Inoculation with other organisms is generally not necessary.


We have vast experience in all components of Golf Course construction. From small tee restorations, to complete hole reconstruction, we have the knowledge to tackle any course construction issues with a special emphasis on water feature drainage and environmental-related projects.
Elks Golf and Curling Club
Management has had the benefit of working on a variety of redesign and major construction projects at this location since the mid 1970’s. In recent years, the focus has been on the reconstruction of tee boxes, addressing environmental and erosion issues related to Nose Creek, and restoring the southern constructed irrigation pond and fairway edge (12thhole). Logistical planning and alternate strategies were required to deal with unpredictable weather conditions in early spring and late fall to ensure not to impact the normal playing season. Applications for permits with Alberta Environment and Federal Fisheries added to the challenge.
Many of the tee boxes and some green edges were originally built using rail road ties. Once a suitable structural rock was selected, the ties were removed and replaced. Some redesign was implemented to accentuate the new facades including stone stairs. Nose Creek with increasing development up stream has been subject to major flooding causing considerable erosion to tee boxes. Finding the right environmental solution and protecting the future of the golf course took considerable involvement of numerous interests.
The 12th hole irrigation pond had filled with silt over the past 40 years and the fairway edge had developed stability problems. The solution for the pond was to excavate the silt to the original bottom in the middle of the winter, add a new rock edge to the shoreline and improve the playing surface along the fairway to the green. A modern aeration system and bubblers were added to reduce algae growth and promote improved water quality for the irrigation system.
Carnmoney Golf and Country Club
SCOPE Projects were asked to examine the existing fairway conditions of the fairway on the 15th hole for the Carnmoney Golf Course in the winter of 2002. The hole suffered from extremely uneven and unplayable fairway conditions, despite being rebuilt by other companies numerous times. The existing drainage system was completely under-performing, to the extent that pipes were coming out of the ground, and the fairway was frequently soggy and saturated with moisture.
Armed with their knowledge of soils and with some historical data, the soil conditions were thoroughly analyzed visually and scientifically by sampling a small number of small test holes. With the findings, new design recommendations were provided soon thereafter. In those recommendations were a combination of two new drainage systems and soil amendments, which were successfully implemented by SCOPE Projects later in the fall of 2003. The hole has completely dried up, and the drainage system continues to perform well, even in heavy rainfall scenarios. The finished photos are from the summer of 2004.
Bearspaw Golf and Country Club
SCOPE has been retained on a number projects throughout the Bearspaw Golf and Country Club. In most instances the work conditions are focused to early spring or late fall creating drastic weather conditions and unique construction challenges. The unique soil conditions and high water table in the Bearspaw area make many projects as much about logistics as the design itself.
Most recently SCOPE redeveloped the 18th green area rebuilding a new retaining wall along the front of the green while making sure not to disturb the actual green structure itself. This process involved a complex assembly line of machinery to ensure the least amount of disturbed area and very tight working conditions. With a strong push before the deep cold of winter we were able to complete the project ahead of our estimated timeline and create a wall feature that has enhanced the overall appeal of a very scenic golf hole. In recent past we have also been involved in projects including rebuilding the putting green, multiple new tee decks, many retaining wall features and a variety of drainage enhancement projects.


Natural Pest Control: All insects have phototaxis.
These sticky traps are specially designed in yellow which has great appeal to various plant pests.
Then the glue will easily trap them and control infestation.
Environmentally Friendly: A eco-friendly and and economical way to control the pests on plants.
Made from non-toxic material. No harm to your plants, family.
Strong Adhesive : With very strong adhesive on both sides, the adhesive is UV-resistant, waterproof and long lasting.
No need to worry about losing stickiness, just replace them after being fully covered with pests.
Easy Use: Just simply peel off two side cover sheets and place in a plant pot. Very simple to use without sophisticated tools required.
Wide Application: Great for capturing plant insects, such as aphids, fungus gnats, white flies, etc.
Suitable for orchard, vegetable field, green house, potting and more.
Great helper for outdoor or indoor plants.
Material: Waterproof Strong Glue
Size(LxW): About 13x8cm
10pcs/20pcs/30pcs x Sticky Fly Traps
1. Due to the light and screen difference, the item’s color may be slightly different from the pictures.
2. Please allow 1-2 cm differences due to manual measurement.


If you want to buy Olive Oil wholesale, you can buy Riccolivo Cold Pressed Extra Virgin Olive Oil Purple (Balanced) 750 ml produced by Riccolivo company from and supply your business with this Olive Oil.
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🍈 100% EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL: Green olives, which have not yet ripened and are rich in antioxidants and polyphenols from the branches of centuries-old olive trees grown by Kaz Mountain, are picked by hand carefully. Kaz Mountains have rich and fertile soils courtesy of sea breezes with high iodine levels and are famous all over the world as one of the points with the highest oxygen levels.
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Olive oil is defined as a source of healing from the past to the present.Riccolivo Cold-Pressed Extra Virgin Olive Oil Purple (Balanced) and the other organic olive oil choices have proven benefits for health issues such as skin health or intestinal ailments. PalletGrid.com, a brand you can choose for wholesale olive oil, offers you products produced in a clean and healthy environment.
Riccolivo Cold-Pressed Extra Virgin Olive Oil Purple (Balanced), which contains vitamins necessary for consumers to lead a healthier life, is used in many dishes. We sell organic olive oil, which you can safely use in your restaurant, at wholesale prices. Olive oil wholesale prices, depending on the type of olive oil. Organic olive oil in bulk, which we produce with quality olives on sale.
Olive Oil wholesale prices
Riccolivo Cold-Pressed Extra Virgin Olive Oil Purple (Balanced), which is grown in the fertile lands of Turkey and obtained from its delicious olives, has taken its place on our website at a wholesale opportunity. Gourmet olive oil prices vary according to the type of olive, growing conditions and production techniques. Organic olive oil in bulk riviera olive oil and refined olive oil prices are offered to you wholesale from Turkey.
How much does olive oil cost in bulk?
On PalletGrid.com, you can get the best prices. For the best olive oil wholesale prices, please visit PalletGrid.com.
Should I buy olive oil in bulk?
It is recommended to prefer a bagged box when purchasing extra virgin olive oil in bulk. Olive oil bottles wholesale are helping the shipment and storage conditions. In this way, the contact of olive oil, which needs to be stored for a long time, with oxygen and the sun is cut off. Organic olive oil in bulk is checked and delivered to you.
Benefits of cold press olive oil
Olive oil has a noticeable effect on skin diseases. Considering skin diseases, its benefit for dry hair is also an important point. You can make a mask for your hair with olive oil.


Carrying on from yesterday's introduction of vertical farming, I thought I would try to put together a little bit more of a primer for you.
First off, Discovery channel offers this video. Basic, but effective:
First and foremost among the reasons we "need" vertical farming* is that we have a growing population of humans what need feeding, contrasted with an ever-shrinking amount of arable land for farming. If that sounds familiar, it's because it's pretty much what Thomas Malthus was talking about a couple hundred years ago in England (minus the whole bit about vertical farms, and plus a whole lot of OH GOD OH GOD WE'RE ALL GONNA DIE!). We've had pretty good luck so far avoiding the direst of his predictions, and that's because - surprise surprise - people aren't actually that eager to die in droves, and we've been perfecting farming technologies that have allowed us to greatly increase the crop yield of our finite fields. Unfortunately, not all of these technologies are without cost: chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been contaminating water and animal tissues since their respective inventions, and the high-yield monocultures that we grow today are leaving us ever more succeptable to devastating blights, should they arise. I think I would argue that while these technologies have definitely served us well in the past, they're a bit of a misstep overall. We're looking at the problem a little bit backwards. In its early phases, agriculture was the creation of a controlled environment where before humans had to deal with the fortune that nature dealt them. As an extension of that control, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides seem more or less logical...but now that we can grow food indoors with hydroponics/aeroponics, we can leapfrog the whole problem of trying to reign nature in by building the ultimate controlled environment quite literally across the street.
*Ok, so we don't actually need it. We could just let people die or keep poisoning the Earth.
Hydroponics is probably a technology you've already heard of: you grow plants in nutrient-infused water, it saves space and doesn't require dirt, etc. Aeroponics is pretty much the same deal, except that rather than being immersed in water, the roots of a crop are sprayed with it. The water requirements of an aeroponic crop are comparatively much lower than that of a conventionally or hydroponically grown one. And once you've bypassed the need for dirt, you can pretty much stack your crops in racks on top of each other (with a little root space in between). I was ballparking the efficiency of a vertical farm much, MUCH too low when I guessed fifty times that of a conventional farm yesterday. Scientfic American puts the figure somewhere around five hundred times more efficient (they say a one-city block x 30 story building could equal 2400 acres of farmland, and it seems a Manhattan city block is about 5-6 acres)...and I missed another interesting point: a lot of these designs also include living space. I'm not sure there's anything necessarily superior about this configuration, but I'm a fan of the idea anyhow.
The million-dollar (well, probably 5 or 20 million in today's dollars) question is, of course, whether or not anyone is actually going to do it. On paper it's a pretty perfect solution: piles of local organic food without pests and presumably at affordable prices (even if the infrastructure's pricey you'll be killing the competition in volume and on top of that your growing season never ends!). It's a nice change of pace for your city skyline, and it reforges a lost connection between people and their food. Unfortunately, I think there's a potential chicken-and-egg problem: since that link has been severed, does anyone really care enough about food to support such an undertaking? Would vertical farming even win a few percentage points as a plank in a mayoral platform? Obviously I can't say, but I'm not holding my breath...
The closest thing I've seen so far is a planned eco-city in the UAE called "Masdar". It's supposed to be some kind of sustainable paradise. Solar powered, more or less self-sufficient, etc. Of course, the UAE is probably not the best place for conventional agriculture...but they do have the kind of venture capital to look into building a vertical farm. Even if it's just for show now, it should subsidize the startup costs of future iterations by getting all the kinks worked out beforehand. So while I may be a little too cynical to book my tickets for Abu Dhabi just yet, I'll be keeping my eyes on this bizarrely utopian project (set to open in this quarter, no less!)
That's all I've got for now. If I come across some more interesting material I will tack it on somewhere. Until tomorrow, goodnight


When i thought of things or activities that give (me) satisfaction, gardening was among the first to come to mind. Every aspect of it – from preparing the soil, to digging, to choosing the plants, even weeding, give me immense pleasure.
Perhaps the joy comes primarily from the expectation that something good will come out of my labor. To some extent, I compare the joyful expectancy to a mother expecting to see the baby in her womb, or to see her children grow into beautiful, mature persons. I find myself visiting the garden everyday to see how much the plants have grown; be sad when pests eat the leaf; rejoice when I see the flowers or the first fruits. How fulfilling it is to pick the mature fruits. They make all the effort worth it.
I can only think of one thing more satisfying than harvesting the fruits, and that is, eating them.
P.S. – Shameless plug
In my photo-poetry page, MY WALL, I write about the satisfaction that comes from beholding a wildflower. 🙂


The First F
ruits Vegetables of My Labor: This Year's Garden.
Island life spoiled me rotten! It made a gardener out of me. When you grow up, as I did, literally surrounded by hundreds of fruit trees, nut trees, vegetable plants, and herbs, it leaves a lasting impression. To this day, I associate summer with mangoes, and genips. I knew, very early, that no matter where life took me, I'd be gardening in some form. I'm determined that my kids, on some level, experience, the treat of eating of the land they occupy. Much of what we've planted this season is not ready yet, but this is, this years garden:
FYI: vegetable baskets make great gifts, and goody bags too!
This zucchini was nearly a foot long. I had to get a shot.
I'm terrible about spacing. I always plant to close,
but thankfully, it's hard to mess this up. No expertise needed.
My husband recently reminded me that, "we're blessed to live in a country where you can just drop stuff in the ground, and it grows." There are places in the world where you can't do that. I chose to honor that blessing by planting my own produce, but you don't have to. If you support local farmers, same thing.
Gardening is rewarding in many ways. If you are looking to live healthier, it's great exercise too. Get the whole family involved. You're not out to grow a thirty pound carrot, so just relax, and enjoy the experience. Happy planting.


Sun & Swell's Organic Dried Bartlett Pears are grown on a family farm in Santa Clara County, California. These organic dried pears are naturally tree ripened, carefully selected, and harvested at optimum maturity.
Pack Size: 8 oz bag
Comes in 100% Compostable Packaging
Grown In California
100% Organic Dried Bartlett Pears
This product comes in 100% compostable packaging.
This bag will decompose in an Industrial Compost facility with 90 days. It is also approved for home composting by our supplier, but timeline varies greatly based on conditions (humidity, moisture, etc). More information here.
Sun & Swell Send-Back Program: If you don't have access to composting, we can compost for you. Learn more here.


Haig Nurseries was established in 1987 on 1 acre of land at 12 Haig Avenue Monbulk in the beautiful Dandenong Ranges in Victoria. Quickly outgrowing this land we are now only 3 kilometres away at 22 Wiseman Road in Silvan.
We are growers of mainly edging and hedging plants from 75mm to 400mm pots. We focus on Buxus,Conifers and Pittosporum. Also growing Lillypilly, Pyrus, ground cover and some general lines, supplying the nursery and landscape trade.
We pride ourselves on quality not quantity. ALL our stock is grown in premium potting mixes thus quality is assured.
We deliver locally with our own vehicles and with many local interstate freight transport companies.Transport of our stock is quick and efficient at competitive prices to most parts of Australia.


Spain’s agricultural sector produces more than 14 billion in exports for the European Union each year (Figure 1) and a large portion of these exports come from the region of Murcia. Demand for water continues to increase in order to maintain this level of production. Advanced wastewater treatment for crop irrigation is an increasingly reliable solution that allows the pace of agricultural production to be maintained without compromising the population’s water supply. The European Commission introduced Regulation (EU) 2020/741 (approved by the European Parliament), outlining the minimum requirements for the quality of treated wastewater reused for non-potable agricultural applications. This regulation is expected to help increase wastewater reuse in Spain, as well as in other EU nations with strong agricultural industries, such as Italy and France.
Download the case study to learn more.


Department of Microbiology – The Ohio State University
phage.org – phage-therapy.org – biologyaspoetry.org
I gave the opening talk at the 2nd International Symposium, “New Stages of Phage Biocontrol of Plant Diseases”, held September 18, 2014, at Hiroshima University, Japan. Though my talk was at best peripheral to the emphasis of the symposium, i.e., watch here, I did strive to get into the spirit of things by tracking down references to phage-mediated biocontrol of plant pathogens. Clearly I did not succeed in finding every last one of these references, but nevertheless I probably IDed the ones that “everybody” in the field knows about, and maybe perhaps then some. I’ve sorted these by year plus have indicated the target pathogen as well as the disease that is caused by that pathogen. Where possible I’ve provided a link to the article, though note that I’m providing no promises regarding your potential to find all of these articles online for free! Shown only are experimental articles, and note that I have not confirmed the validity of many of these. So if you know better, or can otherwise help by adding to this list, please let me know!
Here are those papers published in the Twenty-First Century (2001 and newer) up to at least the date of my talk:
Xanthomonas oryzae – Bacterial leaf blight of rice – Chae, J. C., N. B. Hung, S. M. Yu, H. K. Lee, and Y. H. Lee. 2014. Diversity of bacteriophages infecting Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in paddy fields and its potential to control bacterial leaf blight of rice. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24:740-747. [PubMed]
Pantoea ananatis – Bacteria palea browning of rice – Azegami, K. 2004. [Experiments to develop control measures for bacterial plant diseases using phages] (in Japanese). Nogyo oyobi Engei (Agric. Hort. ) 79:1261-1266.
Pectobacterium carotovorum (formerly Erwinia carotovorum) – Soft rot of lettuce – Lim, J. A., S. Jee, D. H. Lee, E. Roh, K. Jung, C. Oh, and S. Heu. 2013. Biocontrol of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum using bacteriophage PP1. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 23:1147-1153. [PubMed]
‘Dickeya solani’ – Soft rot of potato – Adriaenssens, E. M., V. J. Van, D. Vandenheuvel, V. Dunon, P. J. Ceyssens, P. M. De, A. M. Kropinski, J. P. Noben, M. Maes, and R. Lavigne. 2012. T4-related bacteriophage LIMEstone isolates for the control of soft rot on potato caused by ‘Dickeya solani’. PLoS One 7:e33227. [PubMed]
Ralstonia solanacearum – Bacterial wilt of tomato – Bae, J. Y., J. Wu, H. J. Lee, E. J. Jo, S. Murugaiyan, E. Chung, and S. W. Lee. 2012. Biocontrol potential of a lytic bacteriophage PE204 against bacterial wilt of tomato. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 22:1613-1620. [PubMed]
Ralstonia solanacearum – Bacterial wilt of tomato – Iriarte, F. B., A. Obradovic, M. H. Wernsing, L. E. Jackson, B. Balogh, J. A. Hong, M. T. Momol, J. B. Jones, and G. E. Vallad. 2012. Soil-based systemic delivery and phyllosphere in vivo propagation of bacteriophages: Two possible strategies for improving bacteriophage persistence for plant disease control. Bacteriophage 2:215-224. [PubMed]
Xanthomonas perforans – Bacterial spot(?) of tomato – ditto [PubMed]
Xanthomonas euvesicatoria – Bacterial spot(?) of tomato – ditto [PubMed]
Erwinia amylovora – Fire blight of apple (and pears) – Boulé, J., P. L. Sholberg, S. M. Lehman, D. T. O’gorman, and A. M. Svircev. 2011. Isolation and characterization of eight bacteriophages infecting Erwinia amylovora and their potential as biological control agents in British Columbia, Canada. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 33:308-317. [publisher]
Ralstonia solanacearum – Bacterial wilt of tomato – Fujiwara, A., M. Fujisawa, R. Hamasaki, T. Kawasaki, M. Fujie, and T. Yamada. 2011. Biocontrol of Ralstonia solanacearum by treatment with lytic bacteriophages. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77:4155-4162. [PubMed]
Xanthomonas axonopodis – Citrus canker and bacterial spot – Balogh, B., B. I. Canteros, R. E. Stall, and J. B. Jones. 2008. Control of citrus canker and citrus bacterial spot with bacteriophages. Plant Dis. 92:1048-1052. [publisher]
Xanthomonas campestris – Bacterial spot of tomato – Iriarte, F. B., B. Balogh, M. T. Momol, L. M. Smith, M. Wilson, and J. B. Jones. 2007. Factors affecting survival of bacteriophage on tomato leaf surfaces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:1704-1711. [PubMed]
Xanthomonas axonopodis – Leaf blight of onion – Lang, J. M., D. H. Gent, and H. F. Schwartz. 2007. Management of Xanthomonas leaf blight of onion with bacteriophages and a plant activator. Plant Dis. 91:871-878. [publisher]
Erwinia carotovora – Soft rot of calla lily – Ravensdale, M., T. J. Blom, J. A. Gracia-Garza, A. M. Svircev, and R. J. Smith. 2007. Bacteriophages and the control of Erwinia carotovora subsp carotovora. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-Revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie 29:121-130. [publisher]
Xanthomonas campestris – Bacterial spot of tomato – Obradovic, A., J. B. Jones, M. T. Momel, S. M. Olson, L. E. Jackson, B. Balogh, K. Guven, and F. B. Iriarte. 2005. Integration of biological control agents and systemic acquired resistance inducers against bacterial spot on tomato. Plant Dis. 89:712-716. [publisher]
Erwinia amylovora – Fire blight of pear – Svircev, A. M., S. M. Lehman, W. S. Kim, E. Barszcz, K. E. Schneider, and A. J. Castle. 2005. Control of the fire blight pathogen with bacteriophages, p. 259-261. In W. Zeller and C. Ullrich (ed.), Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Biological Control of Bacterial Plant Diseases. Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme, Berlin, Germany.
Xanthomonas campestris – [don’t know what disease] – Azegami, K. 2004. [Experiments to develop control measures for bacterial plant diseases using phages] (in Japanese). Nogyo oyobi Engei (Agric. Hort. ) 79:1261-1266.
Xanthomonas campestris – Bacterial spot of tomato – Obradovic, A., J. B. Jones, M. T. Momol, B. Balogh, and S. M. Olson. 2004. Management of tomato bacterial spot in the field by foliar applications of bacteriophages and SAR inducers. Plant Dis. 88:736-740. [publisher]
Xanthomonas campestris – Bacterial spot of tomato – Balogh, B., J. B. Jones, M. T. Momol, S. M. Olson, A. Obradovic, and L. E. Jackson. 2003. Improved efficacy of newly formulated bacteriophages for management of bacterial spot on tomato. Plant Dis. 87:949-954. [publisher]
Xanthomonas campestris – Bacterial blight of geranium – Flaherty, J. E., B. K. Harbaugh, J. B. Jones, G. C. Somodi, and L. E. Jackson. 2001. H-mutant bacteriophages as a potential biocontrol of bacterial blight of geranium. Hortscience 36:98-100. [publisher]
Streptomyces scabies – Scab(?) of potato – McKenna, F., K. A. El-Tarabily, G. E. S. T. Hardy, and B. Dell. 2001. Novel in vivo use of a polyvalent Streptomyces phage to disinfest Streptomyces scabies-infected seed potatoes. Plant Pathol. 50:666-675. [google]
3 thoughts on “Phage-Mediated Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens (2001 to “current”)”
hi sr i have few questions..may i contact you personally
i am working on it
Absolutely, we can be contacted at firstname.lastname@example.org
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Participation in the agricultural loan subsidy program
“Credit Concept” UCO CJSC has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia and the Rural Finance Facility (RFF) of the “Rural Areas Economic Development Programs Implementation Unit” to ensure the implementation of the “Subsidizing the interest rates on loans provided to the agricultural sector” Program.
The main goal of the program is to contribute to the development of economic capacity, introduction of modern technologies, increase of agricultural efficiency by partially subsidizing the interest rates on loans provided to individuals and legal entities engaged in the agricultural-food sector of the country.
Within the framework of its general strategy, “Credit Concept” UCO CJSC intends to support the sustainable development of agriculture through credit investments and provide targeted loans to farming and other economic entities involved in the entire agricultural chain.
Participation in the implementation of the program “Subsidizing the interest rates on loans provided to the agricultural sector” Program is in line with the Company’s goals and increases the potential of agricultural credits of “Credit Concept” UCO CJSC.


Tilapia provide foundation for CNE aquaponics system
By Dick Maloney
Every so often, Scott Wells will go to the back of his classroom at Clermont Northeastern High School, to a smaller, secondary room. There, he will select certain members, put them in a plastic tub, weigh them and record the data, all while hoping they don’t jump out onto the floor.
Once those that he has weighed are big enough, they will be taken from their tank, fileted and eaten.
It’s all part of the aquaponics cycle Wells and other science teachers have set up at the school. The system incudes a 350-gallon aquarium which currently holds about 30 tilapia; two lava rock grow beds and two water growbeds. More tilapia will be added, up to about 120 total.
Aquaponics is a hybrid term of aquaculture and hydroponics, and is essentially growing plants without soil. CNE’s system will be integrated with the greenhouse Wells and fellow teachers Tony Gettler and Steve Williams hope to have up and running sometime next summer.
The tilapia nourish the water as it runs through the system. The plants will take nitrogen and “fix” the bacteria to make nitrites and nitrates. Wells described the process as “a sustainable ecosystem all on its own.” He began setting up the system last school year, but circumstances slowed the process. Over the summer, Wells established a partnership with Roothouse Aquaponics in Batavia.
“(The) facilities and set-up are top notch. It’s just an amazing place,” Wells said. “It’s a valuable resource.”
Students will play a big role in maintaining the aquaponics system, with a goal of helping them connect with and understand employment and volunteer opportunities in agriculture.
“There will be a lot of interaction. We’re testing the waters every day, making sure, because I mean we're talking about sustainability in the ecosystem,” Wells said. “You know when one thing goes haywire, the whole thing collapses. And that's going to be in zoology class as well. Should be a lot of fun.”
Gettler, CNE’s environmental sciences teacher, said the hands-on experience provides real-life lessons for the students, beyond the sterility of a textbook.
“Textbooks and things like that, we get what we call, I call anyway, cookbook lab, where it's like, ‘OK this is already prescribed, it's been done 100,000 times, it always turns out the same thing, there's no what ifs in there, like this is what's going to happen,” Gettler said.
“But with this, we don't know. I mean it could be anything. Heaven forbid, what if the power goes out, and the pump stops working for a couple of hours … what's going to be the repercussions of that, how do we solve those problems, what are we doing?”
Just as aquaponics rely on different components working together for success, managing them does as well.
“To me, the most valuable learning is that their teachers aren't experts, right, we're all learning this together, so they can see how our minds work,” Wells said. “And, you know they can adapt to that as well, like kids start seeing like OK, this is what we're seeing, what do you think of this, because we don't know.”
It will be another two months or so before plants are added, Wells said, once nitrate and nitrite levels stabilize and their presence won’t endanger the fish. By the end of the school year, the fish should all weight a couple if pounds each, at which point wells and students will remove them from the pond, dissect them, and then prepare them as a meal.
“The flavor’s very light, so for people, even if they're not the biggest fan of fish, give them this, try it out, they might actually like it,” Williams, who teaches biology, said.
The aquaponics system costs about $6,000 and was paid for by a grant.


COMPACT, VIBRANT CORAL FLOWERS
- Clusters of small, coral, long-lasting blooms
- Glossy, dark green foliage
- Easily manageable with its compact shape, and low growing form
- Attracts bees and butterflies
- Disease resistant and temperature hardy
- Hand Selected, Fresh from the Grower
- Ships in a plant-safe designed box
- Hardiness Zone: 4 - 11
- Mature Height: 12-24" tall
- Mature Width: 24-36" wide
- Exposure: Full Sun
- Spacing: 30-48" apart
Why plant Drift® Coral Rose?
A repeat bloomer bursting in color! Drift® Coral Rose is a stunner in orange-pink clustered double blooms! Cover your garden beds in graceful elegance, ready for a tea party all summer long! Pretty in coral pink, this flowering ground cover will bloom over and over from spring all the way to fall! Pops of coral roses proudly stand out against the gorgeous dark green foliage! But don’t let this delicate flower fool you; this compact grower is hardy and disease resistant. Put these blossoms on display in a patio container or around the edges of your landscape - they also may surprise you with a subtle sweet fragrance filling the air!
Drift® Roses are cross between full-size groundcover roses and miniature roses, receiving the best qualities from each cultivar! From the full-sized flowers is where their disease-resistant and hardiness qualities came from. Then from the miniatures, they inherited their charming size and long blooming season.
How to use Drift® Coral Rose in the landscape?
Growing the wonderful pint-size of 1.5 feet tall and 2 to 3 feet wide, Drift® Roses are self-cleaning (they do all the work for you!). This makes deadheading an easy task you don’t need to worry about! There may be a few here and there you have to cut off, but mainly it does it all on its own.
Hardiness Zone: 4-11
How To Plant Drift® Coral Rose
Drift® Roses love the sun, and they’re happiest if they could receive six hours of it a day. It is recommended to keep a layer of mulch around the roots to help retain moisture as they like to be watered regularly. If you choose to plant these beauties in a container make sure it is a pot with good drainage quality and healthy soil. Drift® Roses enjoy a little fertilizer to feed the soul.
How To Water
Water twice weekly for the first 3-5 weeks; then water weekly for the remainder of the year until winter. When you water, water very slowly and very thoroughly. The water needs to reach to the bottom of the root ball and that takes time. Watering needs may be altered due to extreme weather conditions.
How To Fertilize
Incorporate Elements Starter Plant food granular form into the soil when planting. If planting in spring or summer start fertilizing late fall using Elements Starter Plant food granular form on an annual basis each late year. Continue this for three years to get your plant well established.
How To Prune
Prune your roses in very early spring once you see signs of new growth emerging. You can cut your rose back by one half to two thirds of the total size of your plant. Expect your rose to almost triple in size in the coming months.
How Does Shipping Work?
Size Small (AAA), Medium (A2A), and Large (AA) plants (our Treelings, Shrubs, Bushes, and Perennials) will be shipped directly to your home by a common carrier. Ships in a plant-safe designed box within 5-7 business days.
90 DAY SATISFACTION GUARANTEE:
Bower & Branch guarantees customer satisfaction within all product groups and sizes. If for any reason you are not satisfied with the product or experience, you have 90 days from the original date of purchase to request a replacement of the purchased product(s).
Reach out to a Plant Whisperer:- Email: email@example.com - Phone: 866-873-3888 - Or via Online Chat


This summer was a killer for our lawn, which was pathetic to start with. What started out as patchy is now entirely weeds. I don't mean some clover mixed in with grass. I mean, there isn't any grass, only this weird, spreading weed.
It suddenly came to my attention this past weekend that if we are going to re-seed the lawn, we have to do it NOW, before the heavy frosts come. We are not gardening folks, but the lawn is pathetic & we need a fix, quick. But, what to do with these weeds? I decided that we needed to remove them by digging them up. Then, we could get a load of topsoil, some seed, water it & be done with the thing. Just needed to get rid of those weeds first. I decided to dig up the weeds with a shovel. The entire yard. Seemed like a simple plan. 2 days of shoveling & one quarter of the yard later, I decided to go to our friendly local hardware store to see if I could find a better method than the shovel.
As I asked the saleslady for advice on a tool, she looked at me in horror & cried that I shouldn't be removing the weeds at all. No indeed. I need to be creating a foundation. According to her, a foundation requires a ph test, whatever stuff is necessary to correct the ph, two kinds of topsoil, grass seed, fertilizer, and proper mowing. She suggested that I contact our local extension service, take some classes from them & get that ph test right away. Growing a lawn is serious business indeed. I meekly left the store with a ph test & a hoe (just in case I decided to go at the weeds after all).
I got home and promptly broke the ph testing tool. Not on purpose, of course. Things are just continuing on the same path this project has been on so far...leading me straight to banging my head against the wall.
I'm sure that hardware lady is right. I'm sure a lawn like that photo above (from a gardening website, incidentally. doesn't resemble my lawn in the least) does take all of the effort that she laid out & more. But all I want is just a little grass. Just a little. No more bare brown dirt. No more unidentifyable weeds. Just enough so that neighborhood kids won't snicker & laugh as they pass our house.


Lush Landscapes Await Trustworthy Irrigation System Repairs
They understand that a malfunctioning system can disrupt your daily routine, and they work diligently to restore it to full functionality, allowing you to focus on other important tasks. Customer satisfaction is at the core of Restore the Flow Precision Irrigation System Repair Service’s values. They strive to provide exceptional service and build long-lasting relationships with their clients. Their technicians take the time to listen to your concerns and answer any questions you may have. They also offer maintenance tips and recommendations to help you prolong the lifespan of your irrigation system and prevent future issues. In , Restore the Flow Precision Irrigation System Repair Service is the go-to solution for all your irrigation system repair needs. With their precision, commitment to water and energy conservation, efficiency, and dedication to customer satisfaction, they ensure that your system is restored to its optimal performance. By choosing their services, you not only save time and money but also contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.
Don’t let a malfunctioning irrigation system hinder the beauty and health of your landscape – trust Restore the Flow Precision Irrigation System Repair Service to get the job done right. Lush Landscapes Await Trustworthy Irrigation System Repairs A well-maintained landscape can significantly enhance the beauty and value of any property. However, achieving and maintaining a lush and vibrant landscape requires more than just regular watering. An efficient and reliable irrigation system is essential to ensure that your plants receive the right amount of water at the right time. When your irrigation system is in need of repairs, it is crucial to hire a trustworthy professional to restore its functionality and preserve the health of your landscape. One of the most common signs that your irrigation system requires repairs is uneven watering. If you notice dry patches or areas that are excessively wet, it is a clear indication that your system is not distributing water evenly. This can lead to the death of plants in some https://arizonairrigationrepair.com/paradise-valley-az/ areas and overwatering in others.
A reliable irrigation system repair service will be able to identify and fix the underlying issues causing this problem, such as clogged or damaged sprinkler heads, leaks, or faulty valves. Another common issue that requires immediate attention is low water pressure. If your sprinklers are not producing enough pressure to effectively water your landscape, it can result in weak and unhealthy plants. Low water pressure can be caused by various factors, including clogged nozzles, a malfunctioning pump, or a leak in the system. A professional irrigation system repair technician will be able to diagnose the problem and provide the necessary repairs to restore proper water pressure. Leaks are another common problem that can occur in irrigation systems. Even a small leak can waste a significant amount of water over time, leading to higher water bills and potential damage to your landscape. Detecting leaks can be challenging, as they are often hidden underground or within the system itself.


For a farmer, you will discover that it is always best getting to verify that you can take care of your farm, all which will indicate that eventually, you can have a better chance through which you will facilitate that everything can be properly taken care of at all times. This will mean that you ought to comprehend on the best ways through which you can take care of the farm or even the crops, thus facilitating that they can always be in the best conditions and also that they might never get to be attacked by pests or any other animals which might get to be on the farm.
Nonetheless, it might get to be a bit better when you ascertain that you can have all the equipment which would be required, this will facilitate that you can spray the crops without any problems whatsoever; nevertheless, you can be guaranteed that there will be some growth in the long run. By the by, you will likewise find that by having some defensive rigging, you will encourage that you have possessed the capacity to keep yourself from the chemicals which you will utilize when spraying the plants, all which will validate that you can be protected and sound while never achieving any negative reactions.
More so, when doing this, it might also be better getting to facilitate that you can know all the factors which you can get to consider, this might eventually facilitate that in no time, you will be assuaged; nevertheless, you will be able to protect everything else which is around you. Therefore, you do find that when spraying the crops, it would be better getting to authenticate that you can consider something like the wind, something which will always be crucial since it might get to carry away the chemicals which you might be spraying, thus getting to affect someone or even something else.
Likewise, you will find that for you to succeed doing all this, it might be best getting to consider attaining some assistance from a professional service provider, thus facilitating that they can have all the equipment which would be required as well as the chemicals. Eventually, this will get to be a reliable method through which you can ascertain that the service provider whom you attain will avail you with everything which you might need, thus facilitating that your crops can get to be in the best conditions at all times and also that you will be able to attain value for your money, thus facilitating that you can also be able to save time.


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What do droughts do?Edit
Droughts dry up the ground, and the land surrounding it. Aquifers dry, the ground cracks from the heat, and vegetation shrivel and wither. This desroys herbivore's food. Crops die and dust is prominent. Droughts do the worst thing possible: They deprive life of much-needed water.
What can you do?Edit
Anytime, anywhere, have a supple supply of water stored. This is the only way to not be cut off from water.


Discover our production method
Olive oil: the last fruit juice of the year, and 100% natural!
For millennia, it has been thus: we crush and we grind olives to extract the oil, its fruit juice.
Only the machinery has evolved, changing the appearance of the mill, but without changing its soul, and even less that of the miller.
The course of the seasons
In winter, the cold spells favour future flowering.
By spring, the rains boost new growth and bring out the flowers. After flowering, small olives emerge.This period is called fruit setting.
The sun of summer fattens up the olives, which fill with oil, helped by the soil on which the olive tree grows.
It is autumn alone that decides, with either rainfall or beneficial drought, the density of the oil in the olives. This is what triggers ripening, a period when the colour of the olives transitions from green to red, to maroon, then black, with the approach of the month of November and the winter once more.
The return of winter announces the olive harvest for oil. For the Charterhouse Mill, the harvest usually takes place in the month of November, in order to retain its intense fruitiness, before the first frosts of winter.
Pressing the Olives
All the olives are selected in partnership with our suppliers. Over 2,000 olive growers place their trust in us each year.
Produced between the end of October and beginning of December, the olive oils of the Charterhouse Mill are extra virgin cold-pressed and unfiltered, in order to enhance their healthy polyphenol content.
The Charterhouse Mill runs a continuous production line that conforms to the latest European regulations.


Supplying premium tea brands direct with top quality Rooibos.
Situated high-up in the pristine heart of the northern Cederberg mountain range, Klipopmekaar is one of the largest and most progressive organic Rooibos farms in the world. Klipopmekaar produces top quality, ethically grown and organic Rooibos tea. We are certified organic by ECOCERT SA to supply European (EU), Japanese (JAS) & North American (NOP/USDA) markets.
We farm, process and export Rooibos direct to some of the world’s leading and premium tea brands in Asia, Europe and North America.
At Klipopmekaar, we’re committed to producing and processing organic Rooibos tea in an ethical, environmentally sustainable and socially mindful manner. We recognize that the welfare of our labour, optimal soil health, progressive farming methods, innovation, consistent product quality, and the biodiversity and preservation of our incredibly beautiful farm are at the heart of our customers long-term success.
Learn more about Klipopmekaar Rooibos


The Garden Fresh Box is a great way to buy fresh, local fruits and vegetables and to support local farmers.
Small boxes cost $15 and large ones are $20. Contents of the boxes change monthly, based on what produce is in season.
Order deadlines: Last day of the month
Order pickups: 2nd Tuesday of the month
Pre-order your Garden Fresh Box now! You must still pay for your box, in person, at the health centre before the last day of the month.


– The Redstone Foundation has earned a $6,000 grant to make a number of physical improvements to the Hunger Garden that helps feed area residents in need and raises awareness about food insecurity, announced Rep. Matthew Dowling (R-Fayette/Somerset) and Muriel Nuttall, executive director of the Redstone Foundation.
“It’s been so exciting to watch this project take off over the last four years and not only provide fresh food for our local foodbank to help people in need but also to raise community awareness of that need,” Dowling said. “An estimated 15% of our population here in Fayette County is considered food insecure, and the more people learn about that, the more they want to help. This grant will help us make improvements to the garden that should result in even more food for the community.”
The grant, provided by Noble Environmental’s Green Gift program, will support renovations such as installation of raised growing beds to allow for deeper, richer soil and to provide separation from the heat, smog and ground-level debris from the adjacent parking area; and the installation of four water collection basins and custom collection troughs to provide easy access to water and demonstrate to the public how to collect and reuse water in an urban setting. Signs would be installed to educate passersby about the system and the importance of the water cycle.
“The Redstone Foundation is thrilled to host this project and looks forward to seeing it come to fruition. Between the upcoming renovations and future student involvement, we have much to look forward to in the next year,” Nuttall said.
Dowling and Nuttall noted they are working toward an expanded educational component of the Hunger Garden by working with area schools to have students cultivate seeds that will eventually be planted in the garden.
“Educating not only our youth, but our entire community, about food insecurity, hunger and how we need to combat both is vital to a safer, healthier future in Fayette County,” said Nuttall.


|Home||» Products||» Jeerakasala Rice|
You will be astonished to know that our jeerakasala rice range is additionally acknowledged as Wayanadan Kaima. This range is a special kind of rice that is originated from our country, INDIA. It is primarily employed in Biryani and more cuisines preparation. In addition, our range possesses shorter grains as contrasted to different Basmati rice that is available in the market. Yet, the provided jeerakasala rice collection is equally flavorful as well as aromatic in nature. You must be wondering what makes Thalassery Biryani unique in the first place; it is our rice that gives it its true nature.


A Special Trip With Primary Students
All students in the school where I work go on many trips, day and extended, and for a variety of reasons. They work with different teachers on these trips, and sometimes with their core teachers also. From the five year olds to those about to move on to high school, thirteen or fourteen year olds, studies of the outdoors and the way the world works in other ways according to students’ individual interests occur. I taught the middle school group for numerous years until moving into a literacy coaching position last year, and we traveled numerous places through the years, changing themes, but most important, experiencing the world as it happened in order to add to the information they had already studied in print, whether online or in published books.
This past week, instead of an extended overnight trip, I had the pleasure of one extended day with a group of early primary students, mostly fives and a few fours. We spent much of the day at the farm of a teacher at the school. As I worked with the group and talked and helped students with different tasks, I was struck by the similarities between this Tuesday-until-almost-dinner trip and the ten-to-twelve-day trips I took with older students. They came to add information to that already studied, through print that was shared during the day, and by field journal writing and sketching that captured more information. Here are examples of just a few ways that reading and writing was used before and during the trip:
First, students were so prepared for the experience. They knew all the things they had in their packs, and were able to access them quickly, like snack, water bottle, lunch, second layer, rain layer. They showed they were ready for travel. Teachers this time carried the field journals during the set aside journal time, but the students were ready to capture learning as soon as one activity was completed, and journals were always accessible. For example, they watered the mulch around baby plants, learning how the mulch holds moisture for them, and then they wrote about the plants and chose a favorite one to sketch. With adults helping, they wrote one new fact learned about the plants.
All during the year, this particular class has studied food and how it comes to the table for their special class unit. In addition to other trips, they began the year at this same farm, learning about harvest time and picking cucumbers so they could make pickles. They have read books about plants and how they grow, and in the fall, were able to examine different stages of growth, including the plants’ flowers that then turned into the food. On one trip they took to a different farm, they got to dig potatoes. At lunchtime on this day, we all shared the pickles made from the cucumbers picked months ago.
Last week, so I could get to know the class a bit better, and they could get to know me, I read the book Tops and Bottoms, by Janet Stevens to the group. It was a good choice at this time, because the humor is subtle and yet the class knew so much after their yearlong study of how food grows that they immediately understood the trick played by the rabbit on the bear. During one conversation in the garden, they examined the parts of a rhubarb plant, and learned how the ‘tops and bottom’ were poisonous, and only the middle was eaten. Students remembered the book and referred to it in the discussion.
The current read-aloud of the class is Charlotte’s Web, by E.B. White, and one of the teachers read after lunch in the chicken house, among the chickens, ducks, and one gobbling turkey. It was another special moment, and more than one child pointed out the spider webs hanging on the walls, wondering if there was a relative of Charlotte living near.
Later in the afternoon, we traveled to a nearby lake and looked at some of the plants found at the edge of the water, like cattails, and discussed their uses, including food and nest-making materials. Students got to break off some of the dried cattails and pull the seed fluff, sending it into the wind. Another book studied was about seeds, so they knew just what the wind was going to do.
Finally, we had a late treat before boarding the buses for the return home: homemade ice cream that had been made earlier in the week at school. An earlier study of dairy cows and the food produced from them had also included cheese making, but now the sweet ice cream with strawberries proved to be a fine end to a special day.
The connection between hands-on activities and the use of what was learned previously was strong during the trip. Using information learned showed students the usefulness of research, how it helps inform the questioning when in the field, and how being in the field can confirm what was seen in the earlier research. It’s quite a satisfying circle that we at school hope continues with our students during whatever they read and then experience.


Investigations in Accordance with GLP for Registrations of Biocides and Plant Protection Agents
In accordance with GLP standards, all physico-chemical tests necessary for the registration of new products are carried out in our dedicated test facility.
Analytical Services In accordance with GLP
- Investigations required by the biocide directive
- Analytical measurements for toxicological and ecotoxicological tests (e. g. analytical dose verification)
- Preparation of certificates of analysis and measurement of spectra
- Five-batch-analysis of active ingredients and formulations for plant protection (OECD, EPA guidelines, EU Directive 440/2008, CIPAC methods)
- Method validations according to SANCO and Brazilian Guideline ABNT NBR 14029
- Physico-chemical tests necessary for plant protection registrations (e. g. partition coefficient, water solubility, complex formation ability, dissociation constants, abiotic degradation, analytics on formulations)
- Substance management and subcontracting of ecotoxicological and toxicological studies to renowned partner laboratories.


Morris helped me plant two holly bushes in big, red pots this weekend. We plan on moving them to the front of our home during the winter to add some green/color when the rest of the world looks white and grey day after day.
Boys love to dig! Morris was willing to help as soon as I showed him the small spade. He dug a hole in the pot, we placed the bush within, and he covered the bush with dirt. Good job, Mo!
I’d like to come up with some homemade Christmas gifts to give away with this holly, but it might not be full and ready this season…
This is my last post for 2016 as it is the last planting we’ll do this season. It’s been a great, growing year with my three boys!
Look for us in 2017 when the days are longer, warmer, and ready for planting!


Updated: Dec 28, 2020
I love composting and whether you live in an apartment or have a garden, anyone who is living an eco-friendly life will probably want to compost using the Urban Composter City Bokashi bucket. This urban composter is designed to use some clever attributes to help you compost more and reduce waste in the kitchen. In fact, it helps me reduce a substantial amount of waste, plus I get liquid fertiliser for my plants and great compost for the garden and pot plants.
Urban Composter City is a compact design Bokashi bucket that maximises capacity and uses an easy to handle microorganism Bokashi spray. It comes in two sizes and a range of four coloured lids. It is a perfect size for singles, couples, small families and apartment living and small enough to fit comfortably under the sink. I choose to keep my two buckets in the laundry which is close to my kitchen to save space under the kitchen sink.
As the Urban Composter City is completely airtight it prevents bad odours getting out and flies getting in. All types of food scraps can be added including greens, meat, fish, citrus, dairy, coffee grounds (I use a Nespresso machine so just take the grounds out of the tubs when I empty the container and put them into the bucket), wilted flowers, eggshells and more. Personally, I don’t like meat in my compost so I don’t add that but it’s perfectly ok to do so.
Scraps for the compost including coffee grains
The Urban Composter is an anaerobic composting system that uses microorganisms to ferment food scraps so they can quickly break down when buried into soil. The result is a rich & nutritious soil conditioner.
The Urban Composter includes:
1 x Urban Composter bucket & lid
1 x drain tray and tap
The Urban Composter system applies the Bokashi microorganisms from a spray bottle, so there is no need to cart around and store the sawdust/grain option that is used as a carrier for the micro-organism. Compost accelerator needs to be purchased separately for $9.95 and I have found it lasts a long time.
EVERY SMALL THING YOU DO HELPS THE EARTH
By returning your food scraps to the earth you are enriching the soil, reducing waste and carbon emissions, plus you are doing your plants a big favour by providing substantial nutrients to help them grow.
Spraying the microorganisms on to the scraps
Cut up your food scraps to small sizes and place them into the Urban Composter bucket.
Spray Compost Accelerator onto the scraps every time they are added (recommend 4-5 sprays evenly over scraps).
Bokashi grain mix can also be used if desired however I don’t use this.
Push scraps down to compact the layers each time and ensure lid is sealed. It’s very important to make sure the lid is sealed tightly.


Written in English
|Statement||West End Gardens ; Joseph R. Demers|
|Contributions||Demers, Joseph R., Henry G. Gilbert Nursery and Seed Trade Catalog Collection|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||8 unnumbered pages ;|
Breck's offers premium plants and bulbs from Holland. Save up to 75% on best quality daffodils, tulips, iris, daylilies, roses and more! It does, because the quality of the flower bulbs you plant, can have a big impact on the quality of the flowers you get. Read on to learn how you can be a savvy consumer and buy the best fall-planted bulbs for your garden. Michigan Bulb Company offers quality products for every gardener at great value prices, since From tried-and-trusted to totally unique, shop perennials, bulbs, garden kits and more. Sign up for our newsletter to receive coupons. English - Read the book “A Flower Grows” by Ken Robbins (Dial Books, New York, NY;) detailing the growth of an amaryllis bulb. Plant an amaryllis in the classroom and compare the observed growth with the book. Art - Using old plant catalogs, make a color wheel using pictures of bulb flowers. Discuss the concepts of primary, secondary.
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Imported directly from Weeds and More in Cameron Highlands, enjoy the crunchiness and healthy sweetness of Organic Heirloom Carrots. Low in calories and full of nutrients, carrots are also known to be beneficial for heart and eye health, weight loss, and improved digestion. Carrots are best prepared by boiling or steaming it whole.
About our partner, Weeds and More
Weeds & More grow edible flowers, garnishes, herbs and vegetables in Malaysia’s cool-climate highlands for restaurants and hotels in Singapore and Malaysia.


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5 Step Landscaping Cleanup
Whether you want to spruce up an existing landscape or prepare your landscape for the next season, a 5 step cleanup may be just what you need.
1. Trim Shrubs
Need to bring a little order and structure to an otherwise chaotic world?
Well trimmed shrubs and hedges do that and more.
Pruning also enhances plant growth, reduces disease, and improves the overall health of the plant.
2. Weed Removal
Weeds are a fact of life in every landscape. You can thank Adam and Eve for that one.
But that’s where we come in.
Your 5-step landscape clean up includes the removal of large, unsightly weeds prior to mulching.
3. Weed Management
Weed control is much more than simply hand pulling weeds from your landscape.
To reduce new weed growth, your mulch beds are treated with pre-emergent weed control.
Upgrade to our optional Weed Control program and never pull weeds again.
4. Define Bed Edge
Before applying mulch, the perimeter of your mulch beds are carefully shaped using a sharp spade.
This not only helps to retain the mulch where it belongs, but also creates a clean defined edge adding beauty to your yard.
5. Pro Grade Mulch
Your landscape clean up all comes together with the application of a premium mulch.
Choose from a selection of Pro Grade mulches including Black Gold Hardwood, Premium Dyed Black, Premium Dyed Red, and more.