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Tibet is located in the southwest of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, with an average altitude of over 4,000 meters, which is known as the “roof of the world”. Nowadays, traveling to Tibet has become more and more popular. More and more people want to explore the pure land of Tibet. If you plan to have a Tibet Trip, you should know the Tibetan culture in advance. Tibetan festivals are an important part of the Tibetan culture. Here will introduce to you some information about the Ongkor Festival, one of the most important festivals in Tibet.
Ongkor Festival, a harvest festival celebrated by Tibetan farmers, is popular in Lhasa, Shigatse, Shannan district and other places in Tibet autonomous region. The festival time is between July and August in the Tibetan calendar every year, and the specific date varies with the change of farming season in different regions. Generally, it is held two or three days after the barley is ripe and before the harvest. Therefore, the Ongkor Festival’s schedule takes the township as the unit, according to the local crop maturity condition by the villagers’ collective agreement.
It is said that as early as the end of the 5th century AD, King Budegongjian of Tibet asked the Buddha of the Bonismo how to ensure a good harvest. Buddha issued a decree, let the farmers around the field, by holding the incense burner, holding high the banner pole as a guide. Then people put all kinds of grain in the granary and shrine, pray for good weather and harvest. At last, people had a big picnic together. After the festival, the tension of the autumn harvest work will officially begin.
On November 11, 2014, Ongkor Festival was approved by the state council to be included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
“Ongkor” is translated from Tibetan, which means “circle around the fields”. The Tibetan word “Wang” refers to a farming day, and “Guo” means turning in a circle. The Ongkor Festival is translated as “a day of wandering on the edge of the field”.
It is said that the Ongkor Festival has a history of more than 1,500 years. In the late 8th century, Tibet entered the flourishing period of Indian Buddhism represented by the Nyingma sect. The activities of the Ongkor Festival had the color of Nyingma sect.
In the 14th century, the founder of the Gelug sect, Tsongkhapa, came to Tibet. Through the reorganization of various religious sects in Tibet, the Gelug sect became the dominant religious sect in Tibet. At this time, the activities of the Ongkor Festival infiltrated more Gelug sect colors.
With the continuous development of the times, the content and form of the Ongkor Festival are also changing.
On the first morning of the festival, when the sun is shining on the golden fields of wheat, farmers with ears of the wheat parade around the fields. After turning the wheat fields, it was customary to hold mass recreational and sports activities in the square, including the Tibetan Opera, singing and dancing, horse racing, archery, tug-of-war, and so on. At the same time, religious ceremonies are also held on this day.


Agricultural and forestry activities
Despite the intense industrialization of large regions, China as a whole remains a markedly rural country. Few regions (none, in fact, on such a large surface) have been cultivated as intensely and for so long as China propria; in no other case, moreover, did the peasant population and the agrarian structure undergo changes in the entity and speed of those which occurred in China after the advent of the socialist regime. Before then, small peasant ownership could count on tiny plots, but more widespread were renting or other forms of subordination, which left the farmers substantially nil profit margins, to the point that indebtedness was generalized; large properties, on the other hand, were almost absent. Among the first systematic interventions (in addition to a radical reform of land ownership) by the socialist regime was the Westward expansion of crops, essentially by moving Han peasants inland to large rationally organized state farms; even in the absence of overall estimates, the number of settlers who moved to 0 in the fifty years can be estimated in a few million (ie very modest quantities on the Chinese totals), with a production result that is, however, beyond satisfactory. The uncultivated area has decreased to about 25%, while the arable land has reached over 14% and the forest areas over 17%: the reforestation works in particular have been gigantic, especially along the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. and in general in the cleared regions in centuries of expansion of the cultivations, exposed to very serious consequences in terms of superficial erosion and instability of the slopes; thanks to this reforestation policy (12 million trees planted only between 2001 and 2006), China is gradually seeing its forest assets increase, despite being the third largest timber producer in the world (2005 data). The remainder of the area (43%) is used for meadows and pastures. While towards the West the objective was the increase of arable land, with good results obtained both in Xinjiang and in Tibet, an enormous effort was made in the eastern regions, in particular along the lower course of the Huang He, to regularize the trend of the river (capable of changing course even for hundreds of kilometers, during frequent floods) and to stabilize the surrounding agricultural land, cultivated with cotton, wheat and tobacco. The river was largely dammed and fractionated, like many of the tributaries, by frequent dams with relative reservoirs serving as expansion tanks. Similar works have been carried out on the Huai He course, to the South of Huang He; here other mouths have been opened, to better dispose of the floods, while hundreds of artificial lakes along the middle and upper courses are destined to absorb the excesses of flow. Thousands of kilometers of irrigation canals have been dug or modernized. However, irrigated crops do not always prevail: the Huang He plain was traditionally used for wheat, to which a second annual crop has been added in recent decades.
In the center-south of China propria, once destined almost exclusively for rice, wheat cultivation has expanded (Chang Jiang valley), so that there is a crop of rice and one of wheat, or that of wheat has intensified. rice, which involves two annual cultivation cycles (even three in the southernmost areas). As a consequence of all this, since the end of the 20th century, in some favorable years, China has been able to present itself on the world market as an exporter of wheat. Rice undoubtedly remains the basis of Chinese agriculture and food, although the cultivated area has shrunk (29.3 million hectares cultivated, almost 200 million tons produced in 2005), but its position is now undermined by corn (26.2 million ha, 131 million t) and, in fact, from wheat (22.8 million ha, 96 million t). The production of potatoes and sweet potatoes, soybeans, peanuts, vegetables and fruit is impressive. China is the first world producer of wheat and rice, the second of maize; it also has the primacy for potatoes, sweet potatoes, peanuts, fruit (especially citrus fruits), tea, tobacco, cotton (fibers, yarns and fabrics), linen, and is among the first producers of sugar cane and sugar; Finally, it is worth noting the second place (after the United States) in the production of beer.
Farming and fishing
According to PROEXCHANGERATES.COM, breeding is widespread, especially pig farming (almost half a billion head, half of the world total); but also for goats, sheep, horses and poultry, China boasts a very large first place, while for cattle it is the third producer. Consequently, the Chinese leadership is overwhelming for the production of meat and eggs; but also important are wool (the second largest producer in the world, both for raw wool and for fabrics) and milk. China occupies similar positions for all fish production; for freshwater fish and crustaceans and molluscs, it alone produces more than half of the world total. Finally, traditional sericulture is still practiced, generally in small plants (family or village), and China continues to be the world’s leading producer of raw silk.


3 edition of Rangelands in dry years found in the catalog.
Rangelands in dry years
Thomas E. Bedell
by Cooperative Extension Services of Oregon State University, Washington State University, University of Idaho, and U.S. Dept. of Agriculture in [Corvallis, Or.]
Written in English
|Statement||[prepared by Thomas E. Bedell, and David C. Ganskopp].|
|Series||PNW -- 200., PNW (Series) -- 200.|
|Contributions||Ganskopp, David C., Oregon State University. Extension Service., Washington State University. Cooperative Extension Service., University of Idaho. Cooperative Extension Service., United States. Dept. of Agriculture.|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||8 p. ;|
‘They raise sheep and cattle on dry rangelands and have sought to develop intensive dairying.’ More example sentences ‘The wind then does the rest, removing the . rangelands of Nevada were invaded by the species. This was an inevitable conclusion, even in the absence of prior excessive grazing by domestic livestock. The widespread occurrence of excessive, improperly timed, and repeated grazing on Nevada rangelands heightened the rate of disper-sal and greatly enhanced the post-dispersal dominance of.
During the post-World War II year, the tourism industry flourished in the western United States because of the favorable, dry climate and scenic attractions. Through the persistence of conservationists, who fought to keep much of the western land for public use, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Wilderness Act of Rangelands include natural grasslands, shrublands, woodlands, savannahs, tundra, most deserts, and riparian and wetland plant communities including marshes and wet meadows. Includes lands revegetated naturally or artificially that are managed like native vegetation." Western Rangelands Partnership ).
Preschool Math Workbook for Toddlers Ages Beginner Math Preschool Learning Book with Number Tracing and Matching Activities for 2, 3 and 4 year olds and Missing: Rangelands. The Arizona Section of the Society for Range Management (SRM) embarked on a theme of “The Year of Native Rangelands” for our annual events this year. Arizona has almost 20 million acres of Tribal Lands (~27 %), most of which is rangeland.
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Rangelands in Dry Years Drought Effects on Range, Cattle, and Management A Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension Publication RANGE-LIVESTOCK operators of the Pacific North- - west, east of the Cascade Mountains, are al- ways suffering from, getting over, or preparing for drought.
Dry years are natural to the area where. Firstly, this book is from the s with little to show from the updated editions. Even the edition mostly contains references ranging from the ancient to the 'before you were born' category.
Secondly, there is little discussion regarding grassland ecosystems and focuses more on managing rangelands as farms, particularly in North by: This book provides an unprecedented synthesis of the current status of scientific and management knowledge regarding global rangelands and the major challenges that confront them.
Rangelands in dry years book has been organized around three major themes. The first summarizes the conceptual advances that have occurred in the rangeland profession. Rangelands, Drylands and Pastoralism reflect the interaction between anthropogenic activities - mainly livestock and grazing - and wildlife, with deep environmental and livelihood implications.
Read more about Rangelands, Drylands and Pastoralism. Special to The Post A new compilation of ecological and management knowledge regarding global rangelands has been released in a book edited by David Briske. so rapidly in the 25 years since.
Developing effective management strategies and solutions to safeguard and preserve the productivity of rangelands are therefore crucial.
Though efforts towards rangelands rehabilitation have been made by development partners, the scale is too small and lacks a holistic approach. Rangelands are typically characterized by short periods of high C uptake during the growing season (2–3 months) and long periods of C balance or small losses during the remainder of the year (Svejcar et al., ), resulting in substantial interannual variability in net ecosystem exchange (Svejcar et al., ; Zhang et al., ).
In the Dry Chaco rangelands, particularly in areas with limited bodies of water, sedentary pastoralism has been a predominant system across different scales of cattle ranching systems: smallholders in puestos, with the establishment of a ranch near a water body; and large scale producers with fences and different grazing managements.
Mongolia, the country with the world’s biggest rangelands, has been at the forefront in making the case for an International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralism. Tserenbat Namsrai, Minister of Environment and Tourism of Mongolia, stressed the importance of community-based sustainable management and the role of pasture user groups, of which.
Rangelands publishes articles on the current state of the science and art of rangeland management. As a publication of the Society for Range Management, Rangelands provides readers relevant information founded in the current rangeland science and management knowledge base in an approachable format.
Rangeland management occurs at the nexus of ecology, soil science, hydrology, animal science. In the past, rangelands in western China supported a pastoral economy and large wildlife populations.
Now the rangelands have shrunk due to population growth, economic, government, and social factors. Rangeland types in China include; Semi-desert, Dry Alpine Grasslands, Alpine Dwarf Shrub, Wetland types. Uses of rangeland. A dynamic reference-cover method and remotely-sensed ground cover were used to determine the change in the state of ~ km2 of rangelands in Queensland at a sub-bioregional scale between and The method is based on persistence of ground cover in years of lower rainfall and objectively separates grazing effects on ground cover from those due to inter-annual variation in.
Africa In Kenya, rangelands make up for 85% of the land surface grasslands, savannas, and woodlands, which contain both grasses and woody plants cover approximately x ha. Africa's livestock population of about million cattle, million small ruminants (sheep and goats), and 17 million camels extracts about 80% of its nutrition from.
To repair the binding of a book, purchase acid-free binding glue, and remove any loose pages from the book. Then, apply a thin layer of glue to the spot where the page fell out of the book, and set the page so the end is reattached to the spine.
Close the book, securing it with a rubber band, and let it dry for 24 : K. grass, that are managed as rangelands. Arid rangelands, which typify much of Ari-zona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, California and Washington, can yield anywhere from to 1, pounds or more of dry matter per acre per year.
Rangelands are typically characterized by low precipitation, shallow soils and slow. Rangelands will be discussed at GLF New York28 the event online here. By Mireille Ferrari, Communications Manager, CGIAR Research Program on Livestock What are rangelands.
When people of think of rangelands, their minds don’t usually go further than the images of shrubs or endless fields of dry grasslands. Rangeland Children’s ABC Book 4 A Short Course on RANGELANDS 1 Rangeland is a type of uncultivated land that is dominated by native plants, mostly grasses, broadleaf plants like wildflowers, and shrubs.
Rangeland is basically all land in the world that is not farmland, dense forest, barren desert, or land covered by solid rock, concrete, or glaciers. Total annual rainfall at Quetta ranged from to mm while at Tomagh the total annual rainfall ranged from to mm.
The dry matter forage production of different sites and years is presented in Table 2. The initial dry matter forage production during 60 and kg/ha, respectively at Mastung, Ziarat and Loralai. Audience and Content The audience for Rangelands is broader than most scientific research journals— encompassing ranchers and range management professionals, policy makers, students, academics and government researchers.
Submissions for publication are generally less technical in nature than research-focused journals and germane to the broad field of range science and management. In some years there are large populations of annual forbs, while the next year there may not be any present.
For example, dry years produce bare ground, which is required for common broomweed (Gutierrezia dracunculoides) to germinate, so this forb flourishes in wet years following dry years. Rangelands Books Newsletters Brochures Society for Range Management C.
Address Society for Range Management Union BLVD Lakewood, CO Website- Society for Range Management (SRM): Range Management Information Sources 2. Textbooks a. Range Management: Principles and Practices. Holechek, Herbel, and Pieper.Rangelands are lands that are not: farmed, dense forest, entirely barren, or dry summers, and mild, wet, cool winters.
More than 90% of the annual precipitation in this region occurs during the winter months. In the northwest corner of the United States is a region also heavily inches per year in most areas. The Southwestern Desert.
I made a list for my young cousin of the 7 books she must read, after she underwent a massive heartbreak, and uttered these words for the first time: wow life is hard. 1- Missing: Rangelands.


A 3 day exhibition showcasing the latest in agriculture equipment and technology was held at Surkhab Tourist Complex Sirsa. The exhibition that was held from 28th to 30th October 2012 was inaugurated by Dr Ashok Tanwar in the evening of 28th.Watch Video Part-1:
Watch Video Part-2: Krishi Pardarshni Closing Ceremony by Dr Ashok Tanwar. Dr Kalia of DBT, Background Music: Murai Verma
Watch Video Part-3: Krishi Pardarshni Part 3 Interview SS Dhillon of Hi Tech Diary Association, Dr. Kalia of Dept of Biotechnology, Govt of India, Testing of hand held tiller by Dr. Abhishek Sihag.


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HOSAKU is a range of organically enriched fertilizers in pellet form.
HOSAKU improves soil structure and CEC. HOSAKU Increases nutrient absorption
HOSAKU also have high organic matter content which lead to an increase in the microbiological activity in the soil.
|Mg, CaO, etc.
1.Wine trees 1,000-2,000kg/ha
2.Horticulture-grass houses 2,000-3,000kg/ha
Horticulture-open soil 1,000-3,000kg/ha
3. Fruit trees: 1500-3000kg/ha
4.Lawn and sporting fields 1,000-1,500kg/ha
※Dosage depends on the crop, the type of soil.
Please contact us if you need some samples.


Dead Donkeys Fear No Hyenas
There is a great hunt for farmland around the world, and the pursuit of the new green gold has become both a commercial and political issue. In this documentary, director Joakim Demmer shows a dark picture of this quest for lucrative land in Ethiopia. The government leases unused land to investors from other countries. But this leads to a lot of violence, oppression and evictions where the farmers in the country lose their ability to support themselves. We meet small farmers, prosecutors, environmentalists and investors in the documentary.


Fano(Jiangsu) Phosphate Industry Co., Ltd Copyright 2008-2021
Tel: 86-25-52454297 Fax: 86-25-52245780 Email:firstname.lastname@example.org
19thFloor ,Building 2#,Deying Int'l Plaza,Changhong Road 222,Nanjing,China
Tel: 86-25-52454297 52313973
Zip Code: 210006
Nutritious Salt Lick For livestock
Product Features:Nutritious salt lick for livestock is a salt product taken salt as the carrier and the addition of various minerals and trace elements by die forming with 1.5Mpa/cm2 pressure.livestock’s daily free lick can afford all-inclusive minerals and trace elements,which is daily feed cannot provide.More experiments have proved that nutritious salt lick of relatively complete minerals can improve milk production,multiplication rate,immunity effectively;promote digestion and absorption and improve feed utilization efficiency as well.
Packing:5kg or 20kg per piece,20kgs/box.


WONDER #17: Can You Garden in the City?
Question 1 of 3
Approximately how many people call Earth home today?
- seven billion
- seventy million
- three trillion
- one hundred million
Question 2 of 3
Which of the following is probably NOT a suitable place for a gardening container?
- bedroom closet
Question 3 of 3
Which of the following is NOT a vegetable that can be grown in a container in an urban setting?
Check your answers online at https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/Can-You-Garden-in-the-City.


Magic Garden of Dreams Update
If you don't know the back story about the Magic Garden... read this first then come back. We'll wait.
Okay. So it's been a month or so since the last Magic Garden of Dreams update and things are progressing wonderfully. Market share has increased, rolling chip volume is up and its the busiest Magic Garden of Dreams in all of MacauTripping.
The current state is on top, the previous photos are on bottom. Specific plants are connected by arrows. You know the drill.
If that weren't enough, I've got two tomato plants, six strawberry plants, and two pots worth of fresh chives kicking ass on the fire escape. My wife and I shared the first strawberry of the year just the other day, it was pretty darn good.
So how's your garden been growing over the last month?


We’re lucky enough to bring an exceptional dining experience to our audience with our amazing range of products, but are all too aware that access to basic nutrition is still such a challenge for many people all over the World.
That’s why we partner with the fantastic Global Giving Initiative, B1G1, to deliver giving gifts to worthwhile projects which help people bring sustainability to food production in their local area.
From providing seeds for crops to trees for planting all of the B1G1 initiatives which we support give people the opportunity to create a better nutritional future for themselves and their community and you are assured that every purchase from any of our online platforms results in this gift going to one of the amazing projects we support.
The widgets below show the magnitude of all our customers contribution to this incredible and successful initiative and we look forward – with our customers support – to supporting these projects for years to come.
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Well, we had a very long and hard winter in New England this year. At last summer is here, and if you're like me you're trying to suck up as many summer days as possible. In the dark depths of my winter cabin fever I started day dreaming of planting my own vegetable garden.
It's small and made mostly of containers, but you can fit a lot into a 7x4 area if you're cleaver enough. This summer I planted-
So as you can see, you can get plenty into a small area. I bought a couple books on container gardening to help me out and a really good vegetable garden book called "The Kitchen Garden"
I wish I could be super cool and claim to have grown the majority by seed but I only grew 30% this way. Yes it's cheaper and more bragging rights come with it, but I was ok with buying baby plants.
The nice part is having all the herbs on hand and the option to just go in the back yard and cut what you need. Light pruning also aids in the plants' grow. Just don't forget to rinse off what you cut to get the dirt off
But getting back on track to grilling chicken! I know plenty of people that know more about grilling then myself. I'm more of a "Grill Fan" then "Grill Master" But I can grill a good bone in chicken breast. I find bone in chicken is really good for grilling and makes a much more tender results then a boneless breast. In the morning I'll put together the marinade for the chicken and let the meat soak for the day. It's a really basic but very good mix.
-Half of the juice from a lemon & its zest
-two cups of olive oil
-tablespoon of salt
-2 teaspoons of fresh cracked pepper
-Half a bulb of garlic chopped
-2 tablespoons of dijon mustard (I like the country style)
-handful of fresh herbs (I had thyme, parsley, basil, rosemary) chopped
I got some cake pan tins at the dollar store to let the chicken marinate in. Combined ingredients.
Loosen the skin of the chicken like shown in the Roast Chicken recipe. I even slide some of the mix under the skin, but keep in mind not to add too much or it will prevent the skin from browning. Place the breasts in the tin breast down. Make sure to cover the upright part with the mix also. Cover with plastic wrap and let sit in the frig until you are ready to grill. Mine sits for at least six hours. (Reduce how much lemon you put in if you plan to let it sit over night)
I'm using a gas grill here, this grill was large enough that it had four burners. I used 3 out of the four. Preheat your grill with the lid down for at least fifteen minutes before placing anything on the grill. Shake off the excess marinade from the chicken to prevent flare ups from the grill. Place the chicken on the grill with the breast meat facing up for a half hour with the lid closed. Resist the urge to open the lid and let the heat out, I have my heat a bit higher then the lowest setting.
After 30 minutes flip the chicken placing the breast meat down on the grill, this will finish off the cooking and crisp the skin nicely. Grill for about 10-15 more minutes until skin is crispy and the juices run clear. Remove chicken from grill and let rest tented under foil for 10 minutes.
Serve and enjoy!


Univanich Palm Oil Public Co., Ltd.
Univanich Palm Oil Public Company Limited is a pioneer of the oil palm plantation industry in Thailand with a track record going back to the company’s first plantings in 1969. The company was established on 26th December 1995 as a consolidation of three of Thailand’s pioneer palm oil companies. The three companies were Thai Oil Palm Industry and Estate Company Limited, Siam Palm Oil and Refinery Industry Company Limited, and Hup Huat Palm Oil Industry Company Limited.
Today, Univanich is one of Thailand’s leading palm oil producers and the country’s largest exporter of crude palm oil, palm kernel oil and high-quality oil palm seeds. The company has been listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand since 25th November 2005, under the abbreviation of UVAN.
From 1983 to 1988, Univanich was managed as part of Anglo-Dutch corporation Unilever’s Plantations and Plant Science Group from Cambridge, UK. Since establishment the Company’s emphasis has always been on best environmental and sustainable practice, and building on efficiency improvements and innovation into all our operations.
Univanich currently operates oil palm plantations in Krabi, Surat Thani, Phatthalung, and Nakhon Si Thammarat Provinces of Southern Thailand, with a total planted area in 2020 of approximately 37,325 Rai (6000 Ha). In 2019, the Company’s own plantations produced 9.8% of the fresh fruit bunches (“FFB”) processed by the Company's factories, with 90.2% of FFB being purchased from independent smallholder farmers.
The overall planted area of oil palms in Thailand is expanding rapidly, and it is this expansion of small-holder plantings that are fueling the Company’s long-term growth.
The Univanich Oil Palm Research Centre (OPRC) is internationally recognized for pioneering oil palm research and advanced palm breeding, employing approximately 100 people and with more than 650 Ha under field trials. Our Oil palm breeding programme was established in 1983, and has since been producing the highest-yielding hybrid seeds for local and overseas oil palm growers. The company’s oil palm nurseries supply annually more than 1.5 million high yielding seedlings to Thailand’s smallholder growers, and our drought-tolerant hybrid seeds are now exported to Oil palm growers in more than fifteen countries. Univanich commissioned Thailand’s first laboratory for Oil palm tissue culture in 2006, which has since then been testing elite oil palm clones in field trials, and in 2016 the company commenced production of clonal seeds from these elite oil palm clones.
Univanich operates 5 oil palm crushing mills located throughout Southern Thailand, namely in Krabi Province as well as Phang Nga and Phatthalung province. These five factories purchase approximately 90% of their palm fruit from smallholder farmers and together produce more than 200,000 tonnes of palm oil annually.
Univanich also operates a palm oil exporting facility at the deep-water port of Laemphong in Krabi Province.
Four of the crushing mills operate Methane-Capture Biogas systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to generate approximately 10.5 MW of renewable electricity for our own usage, and for sale to the Provincial Electricity Authority grid, to provide power for the local community
In 2013, Univanich expanded its business to the Philippines by establishing a 51% owned joint venture company named Univanich Carmen Palm Oil Corporation (UCPOC). UCPOC has constructed a new palm oil crushing mill (30 ton per hour capacity) in North Cotabato province of Mindanao, which was commissioned in 2014 The factory was further expanded (60 ton per hour capacity) and commissioned in March 2020.
Univanich employs 1270 people in Thailand and ???? people in Philippines. The company is professionally managed to an International standard with support from overseas expert consultants.


In 2003, I lived in a flat in the Allentown area of Buffalo, NY. My yard was an unattended, large space. I asked my landlord if he would be so kind as to till part of the yard for me so that I may grow a garden. To my delight, he obliged with a huge ‘L’ shape garden bed. I spent the subsequent spring and summer in the yard, caring for my new garden. Among the many fruits and veggies, I had grown two habanero plants. Well, the yield was fantastic; I didn’t know what to do with them all! My friends were willing to take everything I had grown save my two gorgeous habanero plants. One day, while food shopping, I realized that I was out of hot sauce. I began to read the ingredients list: Vinegar, hot peppers and spices. It hits me. I can do better with all my fresh new ingredients straight from my garden. I utilized the food strainer, a tool I grew up using while making the freshest tomato sauce ever, and I created my first hot sauce: Mexican Aftershock.
Mexican Aftershock is the perfect name. As a young adult, I briefly lived in Los Angeles. In the year that I was there, I survived five quakes. Each quake produced intense residual effects, which the natives coined “Aftershock”. These aftershocks rolled up from the Gulf of Mexico. After blending the habanero chili peppers with tomatoes and a secret blend of spices, I tasted my sauce and said, “Oh… this isn’t hot enough, where is the heat, I’ve just put a huge amount of hab… OH! There it is! The heat sneaks up on you, its the Mexican Aftershock.
~Valerie Meli, Creator of HeadStone Heat.


LAW Steering Committee
Living Archaeology Weekend is a free public archaeology event held every September at the Gladie Historic Site in the beautiful Red River Gorge of Daniel Boone National Forest in eastern Kentucky. Living Archaeology Weekend is a nationally recognized and award-winning program. This year you can join us in the Gorge on Sept. 17 (http://www.livingarchaeologyweekend.org). While you are there find the t-shirt tent to pick up this year’s incredible t-shirt featuring The Three Sisters. The LAW Steering Committee Shares their story below.
Ancient Sustainable Farming in the Red River Gorge: The Three Sisters
In almost every agricultural community worldwide and throughout time, successful farmers grew a cereal grain with a legume. For the Native farmers in eastern Kentucky, the cereal grain was corn and the legume was beans. Include squash, the ancient and familiar standby, and you have what many Native peoples still call the “Three Sisters.”
Who Are They?
Pepo Squash, the oldest sister, was a Kentucky native. Pepo squashes include pumpkins; acorn, zucchini, and pattypan squashes; and ornamental gourds. (http://archaeology.about.com/od/sterms/a/Squash.htm). Corn, the tallest sister, arrived via the American Southwest. Kentucky’s Native farmers likely grew popcorn, flour or soft corn, and Eastern 8-Row corn. Archaeologists are not exactly sure what route the Common Bean, the youngest sister, took to get to Kentucky. Beans appeared last in Kentucky’s Native plant food inventory. Native farmers grew many different varieties of beans.
The Three Sisters System
A thousand years ago, Native peoples living in eastern Kentucky left their ancestors’ hunter-gatherer-gardening way of life behind and embraced farming with a passion. By 750-800 years ago, farming villages were scattered across the region. Fields of corn, beans, and squash extended for miles along narrow floodplains. These people were successful farmers without plowing, irrigation, or chemical pesticides or herbicides. Managing this sophisticated, sustainable and productive farming system required that Native farmers understand crops, soil management, and their interaction like farmers do today.
The Three Sisters system depended on soil mounds and intercropping. Soil mounds increased soil temperature, permitted better soil drainage, helped maximize crop production, minimized erosion, and maintained the soil’s organic matter. Intercropping involved planting corn, beans, and squash together in mounds or hills spaced in a regular pattern in fields. One crop modified the environment to the benefit and the growth of another. All the plants thrived because they used nutrients, water, and light differently and therefore more efficiently. Because intercropping mimicked plant associations found in nature, all of the plants were resistant to drought, flooding, disease, blights, and insects.
Each Sister Plays Her Role
This integrated system was far greater than the sum of its parts. Given corn’s abundance, it was the main crop, but it required a fairly high amount of nitrogen. Beans, as nitrogen-fixing legumes, functioned as a natural fertilizer, greatly increasing the yield potential of corn and squash. Squash, with its shallow roots and aggressive leaf growth, reduced weeds and, by shading the ground, held in soil moisture and decreased soil erosion.
Eastern Kentucky’s Native peoples depended on the vegetable protein supplied by the Three Sisters.
Dishes that combine corn and beans are a good source of complete, high-quality vegetable protein. With the highest protein content among the vegetables, beans also are a great source of fiber, are rich in iron, and contain lysine, a vital amino acid. Corn is relatively low in protein, and it lacks important amino acids. But corn is high in calories and carbohydrates. Squash is a good source of calories, fiber, dietary fat, folic acid, vitamins, and minerals not found in corn or beans, and its seeds are good sources of protein and oil.
A Native Gift
The ancient Native farmers of eastern Kentucky were the original organic farmers, knowledgeable and skilled. Far from being primitive or backward, their farming system was sophisticated and sustainable. The Three Sisters system helped support farming peoples who used the land without destroying it.
Early Plants and the Red River Gorge #1: Pepo Squash
Native people in North America’s Eastern Woodlands hunted wild animals and gathered wild plants. Over time, they gradually added domesticated plants, or cultigens, to their diets. These plants thrived in disturbed places like river floodplains and forest clearings. Native Americans grew these crops long before they adopted corn and beans from Mexico.
Archaeologists call these domesticated native plants the Eastern Agricultural Complex (EAC). (http://www.southeasternarchaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/LAW_Plant_Domestication_Handout.pdf) They include oily-seed producing plants, like sunflower, and starchy-seed producing plants, like goose-foot/lambsquarters. Fleshy sqush (Cucurbita pepo) also is an EAC plant. Pepo squashes include orange jack-o-lantern pumpkins; acorn, zucchini, and pattypan squashes; and numerous types of ornamental gourds.
The 5,000-year-long story of native Pepo squash/gourd domestication is written in the burned and unburned seeds, rinds, and blossom scars preserved in many of the Red River Gorge’s dry rockshelters.
Around 4,000 B.C., local hunter-gatherers collected and ate protein-rich seeds of small, thin-skinned, wild gourds. As time passed, these Native peoples carefully selected certain wild gourds that best met their needs. This physically changed the plants. Fruits became larger and fleshier. Rinds became thicker. Seeds became larger, too. After 2000 years, Native hunter-gatherer-gardeners were growing smooth and warty, lobed varieties of squash/gourds. Native peoples likely ate the fruits, but it is just as likely they used the squash/gourds as durable containers. By A.D. 600, Native peoples’ food needs had changed. Their domestication efforts to breed edible, meaty squash produced thick-fleshed fruit with thin rinds.
Squash remained an important food for Native peoples, even after they turned away from the EAC. Native farmers grew squash, along with corn and beans, as one of the Three Sisters. They passed on Pepo squash to European settlers. Over time, many EAC plants reverted to weeds. But people still eat squash, sunflowers, and a species of goosefoot called quinoa. We grow a wide variety of Pepo squashes in backyard gardens. Squash is still an important food today.
Cloudsplitter Rockshelter in Menifee County has produced some of the oldest Pepo squash seed and rind fragments in Eastern North America. The remains from Cloudsplitter and Newt Kash in Menifee County, and Rogers and Haystack in Powell County provide us with a picture of the complex domestication history of this important plant.


In 2020, we started distributing equipment for protection of grazing animals from large carnivores within the LIFE Lynx project. The aim of helping farmers is to protect grazing animals from possible attacks in the area where large carnivores are present. In this regard, the lynx is not causing problems, as it is extremely rarely preys on pastures. This year, we distributed five kits of equipment needed to set up enclosures of high electric nettings, which are currently proving to be the best protection against attacks. In the coming years, we will distribute seven more kits, especially to those farmers who have not yet suffered damages and therefore cannot apply for the co-financing from the Slovenian Environment Agency. It entitles all those who have already suffered damage from large carnivores to 80% co-financing of the equipment necessary to establish adequate protection.
From Slovenia Forest Service, farmers can also receive the so-called intervention kits available for the temporary protection of animals before implementing a permanent solution.


The I and II Eurasian scientific and practical conferences held in 2013 and 2016 became one of the key events for problem biological species (pests) researchers, as well as manufacturers and sellers of control products, specialists and consumers of pest control services and received the support of the world's largest and Russian companies, such as BASF (Germany), BAYER (Germany), ORMA (Italy), RABOS International; group of companies "RET", "DEZSNAB".
The conference participants mainly represented the countries of Eurasia: Russia, France, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova; the conference was also attended by researchers from the USA, France, Germany, the Republic of Guinea, more than 160.
One of the most discussed topics of the conference was the task of pest control within the HACCP system (HACCP), which is implemented in the United States, the European Union, Belarus, and since 2015 has become mandatory in the food industry in Russia.
The issues of improving the effectiveness of pest control methods and means for regulation pests - carriers of natural focal infectious diseases were also considered.
A significant number of reports were devoted to the problem of resistance of rodents and arthropods to the means and technologies used to overcome it


The year 2023 was critical in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It marked the midway point for the implementation of the global goals and the conclusion of the first 10-year implementation plan.
Nigeria’s agricultural sector contributes about 36% to the country’s employment and almost a quarter
to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The country’s total land area is 98.3 million hectares of land,
with 74 million hectares of this suitable for farming.


All of our produce is grown on our farm without any commercial fertilizer or non-organic approved pesticides. Although we are NOT a Certified Organic farm, we follow those guidelines because, hey, we eat this stuff too!
This year we will be offering a wide selection of salad greens, stir fry greens, beets, peppers, okra, and other hard to find items. We do not grow melons or strawberries.
SEE THE "IN SEASON THIS WEEK" PAGE TO SEE WHAT'S READY NOW!


This is a perfect tool for preparing gardens, food plots or seedbeds. Breaks ground up to 6”deep. The bi-directional rotation saves time and labor as it allows you to quickly pulverize soil and cover your tracks. The dual direct-drive motors and replaceable, double-edge hardened tines keep you in the fields working, not in the repair shop.
- Tills up to 6” deep
- Bi-directional rotation increases efficiency by saving time and labor
- Dual direct-drive motors give higher production with lower maintenance
- Replaceable, double-edge, hardened tines for prolonged life
- Easy-adjust depth shoes to control tilling depth
- Operates in standard flow or high flow


India Gems Of Araku
The Araku valley lies in the picturesque Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, 90 km north-west of Vishakhapatnam. The entire region is inhabited by indigenous tribes who are some of the earliest residents of the Indian peninsula. Their culture is replete with unique folklore and traditions.
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Coffee was introduced in the Araku region in 1920 by British revenue officers who recognized the potential of the sloped hills in the area. After independence, around the 1960s, the Indian Coffee Board and the Andhra Pradesh Forest Department initiated efforts towards organized coffee cultivation and production in the area. The movement to grow coffee began in the plantations owned by the Forest Department and later spread to individual tribal farmers (the majority of whom were landless and were given land on lease by the government).
Yet the coffee cultivation in the region has not been very successful, for various reasons. Slash and burn cultivation tactics destroyed forests and reduced the land to semi-wasteland. Though the region is suitable for coffee cultivation, it suffered from a lack of traditional knowledge about growing coffee and support for the novice coffee farmers. Under these circumstances, most of the farmers failed to achieve decent yields. Some even cut down shade trees to sell as timber, leaving the coffee trees unhelpfully exposed. The farmers also lacked proper equipment to process the coffee to its full potential.
When Naandi Foundation began its operations in Araku Valley in 2001, it was clear that support was required in the areas of livelihoods and education. Hence Naandi’s first programme focused on improving incomes of small and marginal indigenous farmers growing coffee and raising the quality of education in government primary schools attended by their children.
Realizing the magnitude of the project and keeping its sustainability in mind, Naandi organised the farmers into a cooperative. In 2007, SAMTFMACS was formed as an entity that would eventually allow the farmers to take full control of crop production, harvest, processing, and sale. The members of SAMTFMACS are farmers with small landholdings. On an average each farmer owns around 1 acre (0.40 ha) of land.
Naandi’s activities have encompassed a wide scope: soil inoculation to restore organic nutrients, preservation and provision of shade trees, trainings in organic and biodynamic farming techniques, installation of a state-of-the-art processing unit, and – critically – organization of the farmers into a cooperative. With the help of these efforts, the SAMTFMACS cooperative has acquired fair trade certification (from FLO-CERT, headquartered in Bonn) and nearly all of its farmers are certified as organic or in-conversion to organic by IMO, Bangalore.
Seven Mandals of Araku Valley Region consisting of Araku, Hukumpeta, Dumbriguda, Anathagiri, Paderu, Pedhabaylu and Munchinpet reaching out to 11,048 farmers in 589 villages covering a coffee growing area of 13,560 acres.


Steuben County Honey Bee Association
The SCHBA was started in 1982 by beekeepers Dan King and Ernie Goodrich. Our objective is to promote scientific bee culture, improved honey marketing, and form a strong bond between honey producers in the area.
Over the years, club members have provided our communities with crop pollination and fresh honey. SCHBA maintains a presence at the Steuben County Fair, with an exhibit that includes an observation hive and honey tasting. Several members also speak, teach and write about bees, helping to educate young and old about the importance of honeybees. Others offer swarm and colony removal services.
Jay Hearn, President
Micah Rice, Vice President
Debbie Wagoner, Treasurer
Jessie Zeh, Secretary


Lavinia Smith is chair of the Fox’s resident group and we talked to her about how a YouCan grant has helped bring the community together.
With complaints of anti-social behaviour with regards to some of the youngsters who spent time on the local park, the group decided to apply for funding in an attempt to bring some community cohesion back to Fox Hollow Close.
An initial grant from Comic Relief went towards planting some fruit trees around the play area and community garden which the local children and teenagers were really happy to get involved with. This success gave Lavinia and the residents group an idea to create an organic garden; that’s where YouCan came in.
Lavinia’s neighbourhood coach explained to her that YouCan offers grants of up to £300 for community based projects and shortly after Lavinia had completed the straightforward application form.
She used the money to get the organic garden off the ground and needs the funding to keep replenishing the stock of seeds and plants. She says that without the grant, she wouldn’t be able to do this.
The organic garden is proving extremely popular with all ages. The whole community have enjoyed planting the seeds and watching them grow. The summer has seen everyone pulling together with the teenagers getting involved in some of the heavy work, the younger children planting and watering with parents being really supportive of the project.
Building the garden and watching the fruit and vegetables grow has really helped the whole community come together with good relationships being formed and the plan for the future is to put on some cooking sessions using the organic produce so everyone can enjoy the fruits of their labour together.
Watch Lavinia’s story:


Did you know a human's molecular structure is not so different from soil? In the face of poor diet and disease, both the body and soil whither from depleted resources. While we look nothing like our soil and plant counterparts, we are equally dependent on clean air, pure water and nutrients to thrive.
Regenerative agriculture. The ultimate carbon eraser.
The heart and soul of organic and biodynamic farming is soil health and soil regeneration. Making the best herbal medicine begins with healthy soil. Our organic and biodynamic farming follows regenerative agriculture practices, which is one of the most powerful ways to pull or sequester excessive carbon from the atmosphere and put it back into the soil where it’s needed.
We’re farming for a healthier planet and to combat climate change. Regenerative agriculture also keeps our waterways clean, slows erosion and supports wildlife. Everything we do is designed to leave the land better than we found it.
Biodynamic is more than a farming method, it’s a belief system — a holistic way of seeing and understanding the natural world. As biodynamic farmers, we’re stewards of our land, balancing science with intuition. Biodynamic farming brings plants, animals and human beings together to restore and harmonize the vital forces of the farm.
Austrian philosopher, social reformer and architect Rudolph Steiner was the founder of both Waldorf education and the principals of biodynamic agriculture. His methodology for schooling, farming and spirituality involve looking at activities and life holistically.
The way we care for the soil, plants, pollinators, animals and each other follow the guidelines set forth by the nonprofit Demeter USA® — the world's only certifier of biodynamic farms and products — which go beyond organic and ensures integrity from our seed to your supplement.
Watch this short video to learn more about Demeter Certified Biodynamic® practices and enjoy a peek at our operations.
Growing and consuming certified organic herbs makes sense on so many levels. They’re better for you and the planet. That’s why we grow and procure certified organic plant material for your supplements. The organic farming process brings more of the plant’s beneficial properties and compounds to you. Plus, organic farming nurtures soil, sustains clean water, slows erosion and supports wildlife. What’s not to love about being organic?
Rest easy knowing the certified organic products you buy are grown without harmful pesticides or chemicals. They’re Non-GMO, naturally. So, they’ve never been genetically altered in any way.
We save seeds, replant seeds and share seeds.
We believe that harvesting seeds is a simple and beautiful way to pay it forward. For us, today’s seeds are the source of future medicinal plants.
Over the last four decades, the seed industry has consolidated, and much of our commercial seed is now owned and managed in the hands of a few transnational firms.* This tiny resource is too important to be controlled by a few chemical and biotech companies, which is why we harvest, save and replant our seed from the plants grown on our farm. As organic farmers we rely on seed adapted to our specific conditions and climate because we don’t use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.
*Organic Seed Alliance


NAF has been focusing on skill development in rural areas to improve employment opportunities for rural youth and communities, reduce poverty, provide livelihood opportunities, enhance productivity and promote environmentally sustainable development.
NAF - Center for Rural Development was established to provide training and capacity building for farmers on technology based agriculture to transform the direction of the Indian agriculture from “production-oriented” to “market-oriented. We have strived to achieve this, by developing an integrated and innovative rural development model to equip farmers with technology which in turn increases the productivity per unit area. The prime objective is not only to increase the ability of farming community to innovate and adopt new technologies in agriculture but also to ensure continuous improvement in economic, environmental and social performance of the rural community. Training is imparted on “technology-oriented” and “participant-oriented” modes to various stakeholders of agriculture and rural development including farmers, youth, agripreneurs, women, socially excluded, functionaries of NGOs, water users, producer groups, input suppliers, bankers and students among others.
The National Agro Foundation Centre for Rural Development at Illeedu Village in Chengalpet district offers an excellent environment for training. The training center lies in the midst of a natural serene rural environment spanning across six acres. The center encompasses classrooms, exhibit halls, experimental farms, residential facility, open air theatre, and farm machinery center and other facilities. The facilities are best in the locality with well-equipped Class room and facilities like projectors, public address systems, and comfortable seating arrangements. The training centre at Centre for Rural Development is fully equipped to cater to the training requirements of various NGOs, Corporates and other development organizations. It is also acts as demonstration centre to showcase various agri technologies and agri inputs for farmers in the surrounding villages.
The training center is accredited as Nodal Training Institute for conducting Agri-Clinic & Agri-Business Center (ACABC) course by MANAGE (GOI) and Resource Institution training center for promoting FPOs by TNSFAC (GOI), NABARD etc.NAF has been empanelled by Tamilnadu Corporation for Women Development Limited (TNCDW.) for training Women SHGs members and SHGs federations. NAF is also working as a Technical Support agency for TNCDW for training of mahilakisans under MKSP (GOI Scheme). Till date, the center has trained 73,118 farmers, 820 agri-preneurs and 112 Farmer Producer Companies. NAF has conducted 10 training programs for farmers from Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh on Lean farming technologies. Apart from this NAF has also trained 150 Officers from various Banks on Agriculture and Rural Development.
The facilities at the training center are flexible and technologically-advanced to suit various skill training activities. Dedicated team is working full time to build customized training material; Tailor made training programmes, documenting the project implementation and best practices from the project.
The centre also offers customized immersion programs for corporate employees to get a feel of rural India, through various voluntary programs and extension activities carried out in the project villages.
The following facilities are available at CFRD for use by development organizations, CSR partners and Corporates for immersion programs and exposure visits:
Skill up gradation of agro service providers for Economic Empowerment of Small Farm Holders in Tamilnadu State, India Supported by Pershing India holdings Pvt Ltd
The objective of this training is to enhance the knowledge and skill sets of agro service providers/farmers to enhance the crop productivity and profitability of small farm holders thus enhancing their livelihood.
The program aims at developing the hard and soft skills of farmers/service providers by providing training on handling machineries, attending minor faults at field level, preparation of bio inputs with available local inputs and next set of training given to farmer producer company shareholder's to develop their soft skill in accomplishing timely compliances, effecting good governance and selecting sound business plan which in turn enhance the profitability of small holder farmers by converting them as entrepreneurs and feeding them as stake holders in value chain markets.
No of beneficiaries capacitated:
334 Nos from 15 districts of Tamilnadu
SDP – Sustainable Development Plan project Supported by NABARD
The Sustainable Development Projects aims to build the capacities of rural stakeholders through various need based training and awareness programs, like strengthening of Village watershed committee, Self-help groups, book keeping and record maintenance and other agri technical trainings. A total of 424 beneficiaries have been trained over the past 2 years under this Project
Outreach of the Project
Outcome Of The Sustainable Development Project
Skill Development for Rural Women Entrepreneurs Supported by BNY Mellon
Promotion of micro-enterprises and various income generation activities is an important aspect of women empowerment. Although it is extremely difficult to find remunerative self-employment, there are enormous untapped opportunities in the rural sector. These include both on-farm and off-farm opportunities.
15 women were trained in the skill of jute bag making. A total of 66 beneficiaries were trained over the past 2 years in jute bag making. Many women started their own business venture as a collective group formed by SHG. They are getting many orders from nearby offices, schools etc. and are successfully running this enterprise.
On farm & Off farm activity training
No. of trainings
Non farm activity Training
No. of trainings
CSR Watershed Team Refresher Workshop
A customized workshop was designed to engage the CSR watershed staff on various elements of work life at NAF. 35 CSR watershed staff from various locations of India participated in this motivational workshop. Aside from reviewing performance of various teams, the workshop also dealt with building new knowledge in aspects such as community mobilization, social development and sustainability of projects, technical aspects of watershed development and management of staff, in addition to team building and motivation exercises for the team.
Workshop cum Refresher Training For FPO Staff
A customized training cum workshop was organized for the 35 staff in Agri business division ,to motivate them as well as to update them on ROC compliances, registration of FPC, auditing compliances, Business planning, Preparation of DPR, leadership and time management. This workshop was also an opportunity to facilitate peer earning and share and exchange knowledge and ideas to help improve the team efficiency.


Socioeconomic trends in Phillips County have historically been linked to the Agriculture and natural resource extraction industries. The Agricultural Industry has retained a prominent role in the Phillips County economy for over a century and the agricultural life style is reflected in current land use patterns.
77% of area land cover is range land, 17% is used for dry land crops, 2% is used for irrigated crops, 3% is woodland and about 1% is water. Winter wheat, spring wheat and alfalfa are considered the primary crops in Phillips County. However, some farmers are diversifying and growing pulse crops such as peas and lentils.
According to “Montana: 2012 Agricultural Statistics,” Phillips County produced 58,000 beef cattle, more than any other northeastern Montana county. The number of people fed by those 58,000 beef cattle is approximately 355,598. Phillips County also produced 2,641,000 bushels of spring wheat and 1,410,000 bushels of winter wheat.
For over 20 years, gold mining in the Little Rockies contributed greatly to the local economy and tax base. Pegasus Gold Company brought active gold mining back to the area in the late 1970’s and maintained operations, employing as many as 230 employees until the mid 1990’s when low gold prices, internal problems, and permitting issues forced the closure of the Zortman and Landusky mines.
Natural resource extraction is seen as a major industry in Phillips County and changes in this industry have had socioeconomic consequences over the years.
The mix of industries that comprise Phillips County’s economic base has remained fairly consistent over the years. Agriculture and natural resource extraction have been the dominant industries and continue to be, providing 30% of jobs in Phillips County. Educational services, healthcare and social services provide 23% of jobs, with transportation, warehousing and utilities providing 11%. Manufacturing provides only 1% of jobs in Phillips County. It has been a long-term goal of the PhillCo Economic Growth Council to diversify the Phillips County economy by encouraging manufacturing.


Given all of this it seems natural enemies have a hard time suppressing Japanese beetle adults. More details regarding JB certification can be found on the National Plant Board Website as listed under "external links." False Japanese beetle. They need to be applied after the eggs have hatched and the grubs are present. Physically removing beetles can be a practical and effective management practice for smaller landscapes or a few plants, especially when only small numbers of Japanese beetles are present. Trees: apple, crab apple, linden, birch, and other fruit trees; Other plants: shrub roses, vegetables, and annual flowers; Organic Japanese Beetle Control Benefits. Contact the MDA if you spot Japanese beetle in areas not known to be infested, or spot large numbers of Japanese beetles in an area where they are not known to be abundant. Caution: pyrethroids, carbaryl, and acephate are toxic to bees and other pollinators. The best timing is during the month or so before the adult beetles first emerge and start laying eggs (mid-June to mid-July in Minnesota). Japanese beetles are most commonly found in the Twin Cities metropolitan area as well as southeast Minnesota. This list includes only beetles that have been recorded in Minnesota, but not all of the beetles found in Minnesota. Only treat white grubs to protect lawns from damage. The Japanese beetle is a serious pest of foreign nature to turf and ornamental plants. 711 TTY, Â© Copyright 2020 Minnesota Department of Agriculture, Farm, Property, Real Estate Listing (MN FarmLink), Agriculture Chemical Response & Reimbursement Account, Agricultural Best Management Practices (AgBMP) Loan, Agricultural Growth, Research & Innovation (AGRI) Program, Sustainable Agriculture Demonstration (AGRI), More Business Development, Loans, Grants Topics, Minnesota Ag Water Quality Certification Program, Certified Testing Laboratories (soil & manure), Fertilizer Tonnage Reporting & Inspection Fees, Pesticide Dealer Licensing & Sales Reporting, Read about advice on managing Japanese beetle from the University of Minnesota, U of M Extension - Japanese Beetle Information, Minnesota Japanese Beetle Distribution Map. Other Insect Control. Japanese beetles will also feed leaves and flowers of many other plants, including silks of corn. Grubs go through three different growth stages (instars) during the summer becoming progressively larger with each stage. Japanese beetles are a serious pest of flowers, trees and shrubs, fruits and vegetables, field crops and turf. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. Native to Japan and first discovered in the U.S. in 1916, the Japanese beetle is now found in almost every state east of the Mississippi River, as well as Minnesota, South Dakota and Montana. Maybe Iâm imagining it, but are Japanese beetle numbers down this year? Metallic green head and thorax (the area behind the head) with copper-brown wing covers. Homeowner products for curative grub control usually have the words "24-hour" grub control on the packaging. Japanese Beetle IPM (Michigan State University) Grape IPM Guide for Minnesota Producers (Dept. Grubs feed on the roots of turf grass and adults feed on the foliage of more than 300 plant species. However, anytime that it can be done is still useful. Rose chafers can also be mistaken for Japanese beetle but lack the white patches of hair along the abdomen entirely. Here are some other options from the University of Minnesota Extension and the Minnesota DNR., including this homeowners Japanese beetle handbook! While they are not prevalent all over Minnesota, Japanese beetles are âabundantâ in the seven county metro area, as well as in Blue Earth, Freeborn, Steele, Omstead and Winona counties. They can fly up to several miles to feed. Flowers. The fly Istocheta aldrichi lays eggs on adult Japanese beetles in summer, whereas the wasp Tiphia vernalis parasitizes grubs in the spring. The Polar Vortex weather may have hurt their population. In some cases, it is possible to protect plants with fine netting to prevent beetle damage. âThis year itâs an epidemic, theyâve gone over to corn and soybeans now. Larvae feed on the roots of grasses and can be a problem for yards and turf.Â Read about advice on managing Japanese beetle from the University of Minnesota. C-shaped, white to cream-colored grubs with a distinct tan-colored head. While the insect has been in Minnesota for about 50 years, its population density has been relatively low statewide, with significant numbers building in just the past 3-5 years. And they may attract more insects to your yard. It is also a pest of several fruit, garden, and field crops, and has a total host range of more than 300 plant species. argus tortoise beetle (Chelymorpha cassidea) Once the grubs have stopped feeding and started to move downward in late fall, insecticides are not effective against them. Japanese beetles overwinter as grubs in soil in grassy areas. In Minnesota, Japanese beetle has been found in many counties but is only known to be abundant in some. Toll Free: 800-967-2474 Imidacloprid and dinotefuran, both neonicotinoids, are available to residents. University of Minnesota Professor Vera Krischik, one of the state's leading authorities on Japanese beetles, says climate change is partly to blame. Biology. Destructive pest of turf, landscape plants, and crops; adults feed on the foliage and fruits of several hundred species of trees, shrubs, vines, and crops, while larvae feed on the roots of grasses and other plants (APHIS 2015) Japanese beetles feeding on leaves, causing skeletonization. Damaged leaves attract more beetles so minimizing beetles on plants should mean fewer beetles will be attracted to them. Instead, handpick beetles until the plant is done blooming and starting to set fruit, then cover it. Adult beetles start to emerge from the ground in late June or early July. Profile: Photo: Video : American carrion beetle (Necrophila americana)American rose chafer (Macrodactylus subspinosus). Effective curative insecticide are trichlorfon, clothianidin, and carbaryl. Hanging a trap in a home garden is not an effective way to protect plants. Bacillus thuringiensis galleriae (e.g. Mosquitoes. Preventive treatment may be warranted if a lawn has a recent history of grub infestation, or if the adult beetle flight is particularly high in a given summer. Neem oil helps deter Japanese beetles but is less effective when large numbers are present. Mature trees and shrubs can tolerate limited leaf feeding typically ends around early.. Pesticide applicators have access to chlorantraniliprole ( Acelepryn® ) provides two to four weeks protection, engages... Growth and reduce yield, clothianidin, and permethrin, last about two weeks ’.. Active for six to eight weeks so it is well established from Maine to south. Became aware of Japanese beetles so minimizing beetles on plants should mean fewer beetles will be to. Of adults on landscape plants than would have happened if no traps were.... 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