Udhyanam | Dumpsite to Garden
Dumpsites are a menace in every city in the world. Be it in the middle of the city or in a remote location in the outskirts, dump sites are one of the biggest health and ecological hazards human kind is facing everywhere. The toxic leach and the resources wasted are heavily impacting even the existence of life. Dumpsite clearance is conventionally done by removing the waste from the existing locations to another remote location, away from our sight. This is a false sense of relief as ecosystem damage is not limited to a specific area but of global impact.
Samrudhi | Organic Farming
Organic farming is an integrated farming system that strives for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and biological diversity. Organic farming prohibits synthetic pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and growth hormones. Urban organic farming is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. Direct access to fresh vegetables and fruit products through urban farming can improve food security and food safety. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects.
Kilikkoodu | Urban Afforestation
Afforestation usually refers to the practice of planting saplings in areas which have been made devoid of forest cover in the hope of bringing back the natural foliage that existed there originally. The benefits associated with urban afforestation include better seepage of rainwater thereby maintaining ground water table, prevention of soil erosion and encouragement of growth of the natural habitat for flora and fauna. The adverse effects of deforestation are more in urban than rural regions. The concrete jungles had led to an increase in temperature, pollution and lowered rainfall within the city limits. In this project, we will identify potential land owners who are willing to submit their land for afforestration for a minimum period of 5 years. The project will look for revenue models in which commercial harvesting for bamboo stocks, fruit plants, pruning for pulp etc will be promoted.
Oasis | Water Kiosks
Green water kiosks is one of the need-of-hour sustainable project, which will make reliable and safe drinking water source without plastic contamination that will help people live more healthier lives free from preventable waterborne illnesses. Water Kiosks are water dispensing units, which provide communities with safe water access. People can purchase water on the ‘pay per use’ basis and as when they want. It can be installed in – schools, hospitals, bus/railway stations or community meeting places. There is also an equivalent employment opportunity for the members within the community. It reduces the dependence of citizens on packaged drinking water, which otherwise is an expensive option especially for those living in rural areas. This also create huge quantity of avoidable waste.
Sanjeevani | Organic Farming
Organic farming is an integrated farming system that strives for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and biological diversity. Organic farming prohibits synthetic pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and growth hormones. Direct access to fresh vegetables and fruit products through urban farming can improve food security and food safety. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects. Rural organic farming combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved.
Jaladhara | Rain Water Harvesting
Water is our most precious natural resource and something that most of us take for granted. We are now increasingly becoming aware of the importance of water to our survival. The rapidly expanding world population twinned with the effects of climate change are putting pressure on the world’s water resources. Utilizing the free supply of clean water that falls from the sky seems an obvious solution to this issue. The harvesting of rainwater simply involves the collection of water from surfaces on which rain falls, and subsequently storing this water for later use. Further due to extensive plastering of soil surface for roads and pavements, most of the rain water end up in roads and drains creating massive floods. The best solution is to recharge the ground water which will also provide the necessary relief during summer for both plants and animals. The energy cost required to transport water as well as for drawing water from deeper wells can be reduced considerably.
Matsya | Fish Cultivation
The demand for quality fish is increasing rapidly and is now exceeding supply. Studies show that fish prices in India have shot up by 100% in the last 5 years. The reasons attributed to the same are dwindling sea resources, polluted inland waters, indiscriminate catching of juveniles etc. This opens up good prospects for modular fish farming in urban and rural areas. Further current fish supply is drenched with preservative chemicals like formalin and ammonia which is creating health hazards. Live fish supply to apartments and restaurants will be a welcome relief.
Kokkarakko | Poultry Farming
Kerala has a very high per capita consumption of eggs. However most of its supply comes from neighboring states. Growing demand for poultry farming is a good opportunity to create healthy food supply chain, alternative income generation and group activities. The challenges in poultry management are lack of quality chicks, feeds and produce market. This project will provide technical and commercial hand holding for an easy and financially sustainable modular poultry farm.
Thiruvananthapuram Sports League
Sport is just not a competition but a great healer. In the current era of automation, most of our muscles are either wasted or overused creating irreparable damage to the physique which later extrapolates into mental fatigue. Physical recreations create endorphins which provide a “feel good” situation to its practitioners. A sport centric society will not only reduce health costs for the exchequer but also will also create a calmer society. Trivandrum Sports league will create a systematic sports development program, across the district to create a healthy society. The bonus of this project will be the identification of exceptional sports talent amongst the common people of the district.


About Our Partners
The UC Davis' College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences is #1 of its kind in the world. The Honey and Pollination Center is pleased to be working with:
The Department is world renowned for its quality research, education and public service. Globally, it is ranked No. 7 by The Times Higher Educational World University Rankings. The UC Davis Bee Lab is home to world class research and extension programs supporting California’s beekeepers and growers, students, colleagues and the people of California. Programs include integrative research on honey bee and wild bee health, management, behavior, genetics, microbiology, ecology and conservation, as well as pollination of wild and crop systems. Members bring together collaborative teams to address pressing issues and longstanding challenges for bees and pollination.
The California Master Beekeeper Program was established in 2016 in response to the ever-increasing numbers of California beekeepers. The program uses science based information to educate stewards and ambassadors for honey bees and beekeeping. Then this program is perfect for you! The mission of the California Master Beekeeper Program is to provide science-based education to future stewards and ambassadors for honey bees and beekeeping.
The Viticulture and Enology department combines the sciences of viticulture and enology in a single research and teaching unit that encompasses all of the scientific disciplines that impact grape growing and winemaking. The LEED Platinum Teaching and Research Winery, made possible by a gift from Robert Mondavi, is the most advanced and most sustainable winery in the world. Currently the department is collaborating with the center doing mead research.
The Department of Food Science & Technology is internationally recognized to make food safer, tastier, and healthier for consumers. Currently the department is collaborating with the center researching varietal honeys, analyzing nutrients and evaluating sensory attributes.


Ah, the delight of rose gardening! Few hobbies bring as much satisfaction as nurturing these lovely flowers, especially when you’re dealing with an extraordinary variety like Koko Loko roses. If you’ve always wondered about cultivating these beauties, buckle up! We’re about to embark on a journey exploring the enchanting world of Koko Loko roses.
Understanding Koko Loko Roses
The Origin and Characteristics of Koko Loko Roses
So, what’s the story behind these fascinating flowers? Originating from the hybrid tea roses, Koko Loko roses are a delightful sight with their unique color transformations. From latte brown to lavender, these roses offer a dynamic visual experience that few other varieties can match.
Unique Features of Koko Loko Roses
The most compelling trait of Koko Loko rose is their color change, which depends on weather, temperature, and maturity. Additionally, their strong fragrance and plentiful blooms make them a favorite among gardening enthusiasts.
Planting Koko Loko Roses
Choosing the Right Location
Finding the perfect spot for your Koko Loko roses is vital. They love the sun, so a location with at least six hours of sunlight each day is ideal. A well-drained area is also essential to prevent waterlogging.
Soil and Fertilizer Requirements
A rich, loamy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0 is ideal for these roses. Fertilizers rich in nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium help the roses to bloom healthily and abundantly.
Plant Koko Loko roses during early spring or fall. Dig a hole wide and deep enough to accommodate the roots, place the rose bush in it, backfill the hole, and water thoroughly. Simple as that!
Propagating Koko Loko Roses
To expand your collection of Koko Loko roses, you can propagate them using cuttings. Select a strong, healthy stem from the parent plant, preferably one that has recently flowered. The cutting should be around 6-8 inches long with several nodes present.
Preparing and Planting the Cuttings
Remove leaves from the lower half of the cutting, dip the cut end in rooting hormone, and then plant it in a pot filled with a mixture of perlite and peat moss. Keep the pot in a warm, well-lit area and maintain constant moisture until roots develop.
Enhancing Your Garden with Koko Loko Roses
Creating a Focal Point
Thanks to their unique color-changing blooms, Koko Loko roses can serve as a striking focal point in your garden. Planting them in clusters or alongside plants with contrasting colors can create an appealing visual effect.
Incorporating into Garden Design
Koko Loko roses can be integrated into various garden styles. Their antique-looking blooms make them perfect for cottages or vintage-style gardens. Alternatively, their unique coloring can add an element of surprise in modern minimalist garden designs.
Koko Loko Roses and Sustainability
Growing Koko Loko roses can be made more sustainable by following organic gardening practices. This includes using organic fertilizers and compost, conserving water, and implementing natural pest control methods.
Supporting Local Biodiversity
Koko Loko roses can support local biodiversity by attracting beneficial insects and pollinators to your garden. They provide food sources for bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects.
Taking Care of Koko Loko Roses
How often should you water your Koko Loko roses? The answer depends on your climate, but generally, a deep watering session once a week should suffice.
Pruning helps maintain the rose bush’s shape and promotes blooming. The best time to prune Koko Loko roses is early spring before they break dormancy. Cut away dead or damaged wood and thin, weak branches.
Dealing with Pests and Diseases
Koko Loko roses can sometimes be a magnet for aphids, black spots, and powdery mildew. Regular inspection, prompt action, and the right kind of organic pesticides can ensure your roses stay healthy and vibrant.
Enjoying Koko Loko Roses
Koko Loko roses bloom from late spring to early fall, with each bloom lasting for weeks. Their changing colors and pleasant aroma make them a unique addition to your garden or home.
Uses of Koko Loko Roses
Besides being a garden’s centerpiece, Koko Loko roses are excellent for arrangements due to their long-lasting blooms. They’re also perfect for planting along walkways or borders for an added charm.
Troubleshooting Common Issues with Koko Loko Roses
Identifying and Solving Common Problems
Despite our best efforts, issues may arise. Watch out for signs of distress like leaf discoloration, wilting, or stunted growth. Identifying and addressing these problems promptly can ensure your roses continue to thrive.
Koko Loko roses are undoubtedly a unique, intriguing variety to grow. With their enchanting color shifts, abundant blooms, and delightful aroma, they truly are a joy to behold. With the right location, consistent care, and a dash of patience, you’ll be rewarded with a garden that is nothing short of breathtaking.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: How much sun do Koko Loko roses need?
A: Koko Loko roses require a minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight each day.
Q: When do Koko Loko roses bloom?
A: They typically bloom from late spring to early fall, with each bloom lasting several weeks.
Q: What soil is best for Koko Loko roses?
A: A rich, loamy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0 is ideal.
Q: How often should I water Koko Loko roses?
A: Typically, a deep watering session once a week should suffice, but this depends on your local climate and soil conditions.
Q: When is the best time to plant Koko Loko roses?
A: Planting in early spring or fall is typically the best time for Koko Loko roses.
Q: Can Koko Loko roses be grown in pots?
A: Yes, Koko Loko roses can be successfully grown in pots. Make sure the pot is large enough for the plant’s growth and has adequate drainage.
Q: How can I propagate Koko Loko roses?
A: Propagation is typically done through cuttings. Choose a healthy stem, prepare it, and plant it in a suitable rooting medium.
Q: Are Koko Loko roses susceptible to any specific diseases?
A: Like any roses, Koko Loko roses can be susceptible to black spots, powdery mildew, and various pests. Regular inspection and prompt intervention can prevent serious damage.
Q: Can Koko Loko roses withstand cold weather?
A: Koko Loko roses are moderately cold hardy but may require protection during harsh winter conditions.
Q: How can Koko Loko roses contribute to garden sustainability?
A: Koko Loko roses can support local biodiversity, attracting pollinators to your garden. Organic gardening practices further enhance their sustainability.


is the celebration of organic farming in Greece, where all the
people occupied in the rapidly increasing Greek organic market
gather. During ECOFESTIVAL new product presentations, conferences,
training courses and social happenings promote the consumption of
organic products and the development of organic farming in Greece.
most of all, ECOFESTIVAL is the largest and most important
exhibition in Greece, with a great variety of organic products:
olive oil, olives, wines, fruits, vegetables and other traditional
products. Many of them are well known in the market of Europe,
U.S.A., Australia and Japan.
is being organized by DIO, the Greek Organization for Inspection and
Certification of Organic Products, that has been accredited with EN
45011 from 2001 and recently with USDA-NOP Standards. This year
ECOFESTIVAL 2003 is being held at the Exhibitional Centre of Athens
(124 Kifisias Avenue, Ampelokipi, ATHENS), from 13th
November to 16th November and it is expected to be the
largest one ever.
is a unique chance to make an acquaintance with the superior quality
of greek organic products and have a personal contact with organic
further information, details and a better coordination of your visit
please do not hesitate to contact us (mob: +306936904311, email@example.com


Lawn & Ornamental
Is Your Lawn an Eyesore?
Treasure Coast Pest Control provides exceptional lawn and ornamental services. We specialize in treating South Florida Lawns and Ornamentals! We understand the challenges that homeowners face in maintaining a beautiful lawn. Add pests, fungus, grubworms, yellow spots and the elements to the mix, and it can be overwhelming.
Turn your lawn and shrubs over to Treasure Coast Pest Control and experience the joys of having a green, healthy lawn. With our specialized lawn and shrub service, our highly trained technicians will have your yard looking great year-round. We will perform regular applications of both insecticides and fertilizers to control weeds, fungus and insects. Our program is all inclusive and guaranteed to have your yard looking fantastic.
The fist step in creating an effective lawn care program is to analyze conditions and identify any existing problems. In this stage we note if there is any insect infestation, grass and soil type, mowing and watering habits, weed types, and problem areas due to disease or other factors. Our trained specialist will recommend a custom program to fit your specific landscapes needs.
Information collected from our initial visit will allow us to create the most effective lawn care program using the products necessary to correct pre-existing conditions and give continued protection from pests, weeds, and disease. We also include custom-blended fertilizers that have been formulated specifically for South Florida’s climate. This combination will improve the overall health and color with sustained results, guaranteed.
Whether you are looking for a greener lawn, fewer weeds, or healthier trees and shrubs, Treasure Coast Pest Control’s range of services will perfectly suit your properties needs.
Healthy plants are like people, they are naturally equipped to fight disease and infestation. However, they must be receiving proper nutrients and be living in suitable conditions. Whether your landscapes trees and plants are thriving or showing symptoms of nutrient deficiencies, Treasure Coast Pest Control can create a customized program to ensure your plants receive proper nutrients, and protection against damaging insects and disease.


AKP, April 11, 2017 – Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia, has called on all Cambodian farmers to continue improving the quality of their products, stressing that market loss is a disaster for them.
The premier made the appeal while presiding over the closing ceremony of the meeting on 2016-2017 work review and 2017-2018 work planning of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, at the Peace Palace, Phnom Penh yesterday afternoon.
Samdech Techo Hun Sen affirmed that the Royal Government of Cambodia has been working hard to find new markets for Cambodian agricultural products, mainly rice while encouraging Cambodian farmers to maintain the quality of their products and make sure that there is no poisonous substance in their products.
Samdech Techo Prime Minister also sought understanding from the farmers over the market issue and dropping prices of their products, especially rice, explaining they are the common issues of the region and the world and not only Cambodia.
Cambodia is not the only rice producing country, there are also Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, India …, he said, adding that developing countries have similar products, therefore there is high competition among them.
According to Samdech Techo Hun Sen, there will be particular places for rice cultivation for export.
The Cambodian premier further called for investment from the private sector in processing industry in order to increase the value-adding to raw materials in Cambodia.
Agricultural sector accounted for about 26.3 percent in Cambodia’s GDP last year, said Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries H.E. Veng Sakhon, pointing out that the country exported 542,144 tons of milled rice in 2016, up 0.7 percent over 2015, to 65 countries around the world.
By So Sophavy


What are garlic scapes?
A few years ago I bought garlic scapes from a small produce market in Chinatown in Victoria, but I didn’t know what they were other than that they tasted delicious. Last year was my first year receiving delicious organic veggies delivered to our house from Makaria Farm in Duncan and that is how I became better acquainted with these goodies.
Late spring / early summer is garlic scape time. As garlic stalks grow, they have tender green shoots that curl off the top of the stalk. Many gardeners trim these shoots, otherwise known as scapes, to encourage growth of the garlic bulb. As a bonus, the scapes are a delicious treat! Scapes have a mild garlic smell and do taste like garlic but are not as strong as the cloves. While they can be used raw, cooking mellows the flavour and is often preferred. Don’t cook them too long though as they can get pretty mushy – just a few minutes until they change colour slightly and are still firm
Where I live on Vancouver Island, June is prime garlic scape season. Farmers markets are a great place to find garlic scapes. They have a short window in the market place but they do last for weeks if you store them in a bag or container in the fridge. They also freeze well, even without blanching. Here is a simple recipe for scapes and chard, which are usually both available at the same time. Other recipe ideas follow below.
Sautéed garlic scapes and swiss chard
1 bunch chard – roughly chopped (rainbow chard makes this dish more colourful)
1-2 cups diced garlic scapes (bite-sized pieces)
1 tbsp butter
freshly ground black pepper
Add all ingredients to pan and sautée a couple minutes, until chard starts to wilt and scapes turn bright green. If desired squeeze some lemon juice on top.
Other things you can do with garlic scapes
Garlic Scape Pesto: In food processor mix a bunch of garlic scapes, 1/2 cup your favourite nuts (pine nuts, cashews, almonds or sunflower seeds work well), 1/2 cup olive oil, fresh basil leaves if you like, a couple squeezes of lemon juice, salt to taste, some grated parmesan if you have it. Use the pesto as a sauce for pasta salad, or instead of tomato sauce on pizza. You can also freeze meal-size batches. Add some kale or spinach to extend and add nutrients.
Try pickling garlic scapes as you would green beans or asparagus like our friends at Farma C organic farm in Lilloet
BBQ scapes with your favourite fish – pickerel, salmon, halibut (suggestion from Andy :D)
Add garlic scapes to any stir fry.
Dice garlic scapes and add to soups or spaghetti sauces.
Sautée chopped scapes with spinach and other greens to make a more flavourful spanakopita (this is what I did with scapes my brother brought over this year).
Chop scapes finely and use as a topping for baked potatoes, or stir into mashed potatoes.
You can even make jelly from garlic scapes!
The photos of the garlic fields below were taken at Makaria Farm, mentioned above: http://www.makariafarm.com/vegetable-share-csa/ All the garlic scapes pictured in this post were grown at Makaria Farm as well.


Green Urban Community Gardens is located in Roseville. We partnered with Roseville City Schools and two of our partnering churches to maintain and grow three gardens. It has been a great experience for everyone along with parents and students! We grow and harvest beets, lettuce, green beans, carrots, cabbage, squash and tomatoes. We enjoy having Farmer Bob, a hobby farmer, come to help us and the students have a successful and fruitful harvest. Its a program that we are looking forward to repeating every spring! We are looking into growing herbs in the future.


Aloe Vera, known for its ease of care🌱 and myriad uses, stands out as one of the most practical plants to keep in your home.
Its simplicity in care🪴, coupled with its utility in skincare and health🩹, rockets its popularity among plant enthusiasts.
That's why it has become a staple in households worldwide.
If you want to join the Aloe Vera bandwagon or aim to sharpen your green thumb with these succulents, you've landed in the perfect spot!
In this guide, you'll dive deep into the essentials of Aloe Vera care🌟 and uncover secrets to keeping your plant thriving.
Here’s a sneak peek at what you’ll learn:
- Introduction and Origins🌏: Discover the roots and varieties of Aloe Vera.
- Light Requirements💡: Learn the ideal lighting for Aloe Vera and tips for optimal placement.
- Watering It Right🚿: Understand the perfect watering techniques and how to check soil moisture.
- Soil and Potting🪴: Get the scoop on the best potting mix and how to repot.
- Temperature and Humidity🌡: Find the ideal temperature and humidity levels for your plant.
- Fertilization🧑🔬: Discover the optimal fertilizer and fertilization schedule.
- Common Problems🤒: Tackle yellow, red, and brown leaves, plus more.
- Pests🐛: Identify and deal with spider mites, mealybugs, and scales.
- Advanced Tips and Tricks🎓: Explore blooming, propagation, and pruning techniques.
Curious to learn more?
Then keep reading 👇
#1 Aloe Vera Introduction and Origins 🌏
Aloe Vera - Origins 🙏
The Aloe vera plant, scientifically known as Aloe barbadensis miller, is renowned for its medicinal🌿 properties and easy care.
"Aloe" comes from the Arabic word "Alloeh" meaning "shining bitter substance," while "vera" in Latin means "true."
Originally from the Arabian Peninsula🌍, Aloe Vera thrives in dry, arid climates🏜, flourishing in areas that mimic its native environment.
Replicating this climate at home is the key to a healthy Aloe Vera.
Curious about how?
This guide will show you the ropes.
Is Aloe Vera the Right Houseplant for You? 🪴
Aloe Vera is incredibly easy to care for🛠, making it an ideal choice for beginners🌱.
Its resilience to infrequent watering💧 and minimal fertilization needs🧪 suits those who might not have a green thumb.
Aloe Vera grows at a moderate pace📏, typically reaching up to 24 inches in height.
The best fit for these plants is often the bedroom🛏 (though you can put it anywhere assuming it gets enough light), where their air-purifying🌬 qualities can work wonders.
Aloe Vera absorbs carbon dioxide at night, releasing oxygen, therefore promoting better sleep quality.
However, it's worth noting that while Aloe Vera is celebrated for its medicinal🌿 uses, ranging from treating burns to moisturizing skin, it can be toxic☠ if ingested by pets🐾 or humans👶.
In summary, Aloe Vera's easy care, growth rate, and health benefits🍃, combined with its ability to purify the air, make it an excellent addition to any home, particularly for those new to plant care.
#2 Aloe Vera Plant Care - Light Requirements 💡
Light is a fundamental component of plant care, fueling the photosynthesis🌿 process, which allows plants to convert light into energy.
For Aloe Vera, getting the right amount of light is crucial for its health and growth.
What Light is The Best for Your Aloe Vera 🌿
Aloe Vera plants thrive under various light conditions, but not all are equally beneficial:
- Direct Sunlight☀: Prefers more than 3 hours of direct sunlight per day. Ideal for Aloe Vera as it mimics their natural, arid habitat.
- Bright Indirect Light🌤: Suitable with 1-2 hours of gentle morning sunlight. This light is less intense and can help prevent scorching in younger or more sensitive plants.
- Low Light🌑: Not recommended for Aloe Vera. Low light conditions can lead to weak growth and a decrease in health, as it doesn't provide enough energy for photosynthesis.
How to Achieve the Best Light for Aloe Vera at Your Home 🏡
Wondering about the best spot for your Aloe Vera to ensure it gets the optimal light?
Here's how different windows stack up:
- South Facing Window🌄: Offers prolonged direct sunlight, making it an excellent spot for Aloe Vera, ensuring they get enough light to thrive.
- North Facing Window🌌: Provides low light, which isn't ideal for Aloe Vera. Plants placed here may grow slowly or become leggy.
- East Facing Window🌅: Exposes the plant to gentle morning light, a good option for providing bright indirect light.
- West Facing Window🌇: Receives intense afternoon sun, suitable for Aloe Vera but may require monitoring to prevent leaf burn.
If your Aloe Vera gets too much sunlight☀🚫, it may show signs of stress such as browning or sunburnt leaves. Gradually introduce it to intense light or use sheer curtains to diffuse direct sun.
For plants not getting enough light🔦, move them to a brighter location or consider supplementing with artificial light💡 to mimic their natural growing conditions better.
#3 Aloe Vera Care - Watering It Right 🚿
Watering is a vital component of Aloe Vera care, essential for photosynthesis🌿 and maintaining turgor pressure💧 in the plant's cells, which keeps the leaves firm and healthy.
However, the balance of watering is crucial; too much or too little can harm your Aloe Vera.
How Much Water Does Aloe Vera Need? 💦
Being succulents, Aloe Vera plants store a significant amount of water in their thick leaves, meaning they don’t require frequent watering.
The right watering schedule depends on:
- Light☀: More light increases photosynthesis and water needs.
- Temperature🌡: Higher temperatures can increase transpiration and water evaporation.
- Humidity 💦: humid air lowers water needs by reducing transpiration rates.
- Seasonal Changes📅: Aloe Vera requires less water during the cooler, dormant months.
- Soil Type🌱: Well-draining soil helps prevent waterlogging but may dry out faster.
Based on these factors, adjust the watering frequency accordingly.
Typically, Aloe Vera plants need watering every 2-3 weeks, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings.
Best Watering Practices for Your Aloe Vera 💧
When it comes to watering Aloe Vera, ensuring the soil is thoroughly dry before the next watering is crucial.
If you're unsure, there are a few methods to test soil moisture:
- Finger Test👉: Insert your finger into the soil up to the second knuckle. If the soil feels dry, it's time to water.
- Bamboo Chopstick🥢: Stick a bamboo chopstick into the soil for a few minutes. If it comes out dry and clean, the soil is ready for watering.
- Lifting the Pot🏋♂: Feel the weight of the pot; a lighter pot indicates that the soil is dry.
When watering, do so thoroughly until water runs out of the drainage holes.
Place a saucer beneath the pot to catch any excess water.
After about 20 minutes, empty the saucer to prevent the reabsorption of water, which could lead to root rot⚠.
#4 Aloe Vera Care - Soil and Potting 🪴
The Best Potting Mix for Your Aloe Vera 🌿
The ideal soil for Aloe Vera is sandy🏖, well-draining🚿, and slightly acidic⚖.
This specific type of soil mimics the natural environment where Aloe Vera plants thrive, typically arid areas where water drains quickly and doesn't linger around the roots, preventing issues like root rot.
The right soil mix ensures a balance between moisture retention💧 and oxygen flow🌬 to the roots, crucial for the plant's overall health.
When looking to buy potting soil, aim for mixes designed for cacti and succulents🌵.
These typically contain:
- Coarse Sand or Grit🏖: Improves drainage and mimics the Aloe Vera's natural sandy habitat.
- Perlite or Pumice🪨: Enhances aeration, allowing roots to breathe and preventing water from pooling.
- Organic Matter🍂 (in moderation): Provides nutrients but should be used sparingly to avoid water retention.
Repotting Aloe Vera Plants 🔁
Repotting is necessary for several reasons, including to refresh the soil🔄 due to nutrient depletion and to accommodate growth if the plant has outgrown its current pot📏.
The best time to repot is during the spring🌸 or early summer☀, when Aloe Vera plants are entering their active growth phase, making them more resilient to the stress of repotting.
How often to repot?
Generally, every 2-3 years, or when you notice the plant becoming root-bound🌱.
Here’s how to repot your Aloe Vera:
- Choose the Right Pot🆕🪴: Select a pot that is slightly larger than the current one and has good drainage holes.
- Prepare the Potting Mix🌿: Use a cacti and succulent mix or make your own with the components mentioned above.
- Remove the Plant🚶♂🌿: Gently take your Aloe out of its old pot, being careful not to damage the roots.
- Inspect and Trim Roots✂: Lightly trim any dead or excessively long roots.
- Repot🪴: Place some soil in the new pot, then position your Aloe Vera in the center. Fill around the plant with more potting mix, pressing down lightly to eliminate air pockets.
- Water Thoroughly💧: Water the plant to help settle the soil. Then, wait about a week before watering again to allow any damaged roots to heal.
👉 You Might Also Like: All You Need to Know About Houseplant Repotting [A Step-by-step Guide] 👌
#5 Ideal Temperature and Humidity for Your Aloe Vera 🌡
Aloe Vera is a resilient plant that hails from hot and dry climates🌞, adapting it to thrive in warm conditions.
Ideal Temperature Range for Your Aloe Vera 🔥
The optimal temperature range for Aloe Vera is between 55°F and 80°F (13°C to 27°C). This range supports healthy growth, mirroring the warm environments Aloe Vera naturally prospers in.
It's crucial to note that Aloe Vera should not be exposed to temperatures below 50°F (10°C) 🥶, as cold conditions can cause damage to the plant, leading to potential frostbite on the leaves or even death in extreme cases.
Ideal Humidity For Aloe Vera Plant Care 💦
Unlike many tropical houseplants, Aloe Vera does not require high humidity to thrive.
In fact, due to its origins, Aloe Vera prefers environments with lower humidity levels, typically around 40% to 50%.
High humidity can be detrimental to Aloe Vera, as it can lead to leaf rot🍂, especially if the leaves are frequently wet or the air is too moist.
This is because Aloe Vera's thick, succulent leaves store water, making them particularly susceptible to fungal diseases😷 in high humidity conditions.
#6 Aloe Vera Plant Care - Fertilization 🧑🔬
Fertilization is crucial for enhancing the growth and health of indoor plants, including Aloe Vera.
It replenishes essential nutrients in the soil that the plant uses to grow, thrive, and perform photosynthesis🌿 effectively.
What Fertilizer Is the Best for Your Aloe Vera? 🧪
The N-P-K ratio on fertilizer labels stands for Nitrogen (N)🍃, Phosphorus (P)🌺, and Potassium (K)🍂, each key to different aspects of a plant's growth.
- Nitrogen (N)🍃: Promotes healthy leaf growth.
- Phosphorus (P)🌺: Supports root development and flowering.
- Potassium (K)🍂: Contributes to overall plant health.
For Aloe Vera, a fertilizer with a lower N-P-K ratio, such as 2-7-7, is ideal. This is because Aloe Vera, being a succulent, requires less Nitrogen and more Phosphorus and Potassium compared to other houseplants.
This specific ratio ensures that Aloe Veras get the right balance of nutrients for their unique needs, promoting healthy growth without overstimulating them (less boost for leaves).
Different forms of fertilizer offer varied benefits for Aloe Plants:
- Liquid Soluble💧: Easy to control and quick to act, but requires more frequent application.
- Slow Release🐌: Convenient as it gradually releases nutrients, reducing the frequency of fertilization.
- Organic🌱: Enhances soil health but may be slower to show effects.
How Often Should You Fertilize? 📅
Aloe Vera are not heavy feeders, so fertilizing every 6 months or so is sufficient.
Overfertilization can lead to nutrient burn🔥, which can damage the roots and leaves, manifesting as browning or wilting.
If in doubt, it's safer to dilute the fertilizer to half the recommended dose⚖ from the manufacturer to avoid the risks associated with overfertilization.
#7 Aloe Vera Common Problems 🤒
Aloe Vera plants are remarkably resilient, but they're not immune to issues, often stemming from overwatering or insufficient light.
Let's explore common symptoms and their solutions.
Yellow Leaves 🟡
- Overwatering💧🚫: The most common cause, leading to root rot.
- Poor Drainage🚿⚠: Waterlogged soil suffocates roots, preventing nutrient uptake.
Solution: Ensure your Aloe Vera is planted in well-draining soil and adjust your watering schedule as per the Watering It Right section. If overwatering has occurred, repotting into fresh, dry soil might be necessary.
Red Leaves 🔴
- Stress from Too Much Sun☀🔥: Aloe leaves can turn red when exposed to excessive direct sunlight.
- Temperature Stress🌡🚫: Extreme heat or cold can also cause reddening.
Solution: Relocate your Aloe Vera to a place with indirect sunlight or use a sheer curtain to filter intense sun. For temperature issues, move your plant to an area within the ideal temperature range discussed in the Ideal Temperature and Humidity section.
Brown and Soft Leaves 🟤
- Overwatering💧🚫: Leads to soft, mushy leaves and root rot.
- Fungal Infections🍄⚠: Often a secondary issue following overwatering.
Solution: Cut back on watering immediately and ensure good airflow around the plant. Infected plants may need to be treated with a fungicide and possibly repotted in fresh soil.
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Long, Thin Leaves 🌿
- Insufficient Light☀⬇: Aloe Vera stretching towards light sources can cause elongated growth.
Solution: Move your Aloe Vera to a brighter location, ensuring it receives enough light without direct sun exposure that could lead to leaf burn. Refer to the Light Requirements section for guidance on optimal lighting.
Pale Leaves ⚪
- Nutrient Deficiency🧪⚠: A lack of essential nutrients can lead to pale or bleached-looking leaves.
- Overexposure to Sunlight☀🚫: Too much direct light can also bleach the leaves.
Solution: Consider fertilizing your Aloe Vera with a suitable succulent fertilizer, as mentioned in the Fertilization section, but be mindful of overfertilization. If sun exposure is the issue, relocate your plant to an area with indirect or filtered light.
#8 Aloe Vera Pests 🐛
Aloe Veras are typically resilient to pests, but no plant is completely immune. If pests do invade, here’s how you can fight back effectively.
Spider Mites 🕷
Signs: Tiny spider-like pests that create fine webs on the plant, often accompanied by yellow or brown spots on the leaves where they have fed.
- Quarantine🚫🌱: Isolate the affected Aloe Vera to prevent the mites from spreading.
- Rinse Off💧: Use a strong stream of water to dislodge the mites from your plant.
- Insecticidal Soap or Neem Oil🧼🍃: Treat the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil, following the product instructions carefully.
- Repeat🔄: Continue monitoring and treating the plant every few days until the infestation is gone.
Signs: These pests look like small, white, fluffy cotton spots on the leaves and stems, sucking the sap and weakening the plant.
- Quarantine🚫🌱: Immediately isolate your plant to stop the mealybugs from moving to others.
- Alcohol Swab🍸: Dip a cotton swab in rubbing alcohol and gently wipe the mealybugs off.
- Insecticidal Soap or Neem Oil🧼🍃: Apply as directed, thoroughly covering areas where mealybugs were present.
- Vigilance🔍: Keep an eye out for further outbreaks, as mealybugs can be persistent.
Signs: Hard, shell-like bumps on the plant's leaves or stems, under which the insects suck on the plant juices.
- Quarantine🚫🌱: Move the affected Aloe Vera away from other plants.
- Scrape Off🔪: Gently scrape off the scale insects with a fingernail or a soft brush.
- Alcohol Treatment🍸: For stubborn scales, use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to remove them.
- Insecticidal Soap or Neem Oil🧼🍃: Apply thoroughly to the plant, ensuring to cover all affected areas.
#9 Aloe Vera Advanced Tips and Tricks 🎓
Aloe Vera Blooming 🌼
Aloe Vera blooming indoors is a rare sight due to its high light requirements.
To maximize the chances of your Aloe Vera flowering:
- Maximize Light☀: Place your Aloe Vera in the brightest area of your home, preferably a south-facing window that gets plenty of direct sunlight.
- Outdoor Sunbathing🌞: During warmer months, consider moving your Aloe Vera outside to benefit from even more direct sunlight, gradually acclimating it to avoid sunburn.
- Minimize Stress😌: Sometimes, slight stress, such as less frequent watering, can encourage blooming. However, this should be done cautiously to avoid damaging the plant.
- Patience🕰: Blooms typically occur in mature Aloe Veras that have experienced optimal growing conditions for several years.
Aloe Vera Propagation ➗
Propagating Aloe Vera can be done easily through offsets, also known as "pups," which are the baby plants that grow at the base of the parent plant.
- Wait for Pups👶🌱: Allow the pups to grow to a reasonable size (about 3-5 inches tall) and develop their own roots.
- Separate Carefully🔪: Using a clean, sharp knife or scissors, gently separate the pup from the mother plant, ensuring to include some roots.
- Let It Heal🩹: Allow the cut surface on the pup and the mother plant to callous over for a day or two to prevent infection.
- Potting🪴: Plant the pup in a well-draining succulent or cactus potting mix in a pot with drainage holes.
- Care💧☀: Water lightly and place the pot in a bright, indirect light location until the pup establishes and begins to grow.
Aloe Vera Pruning ✂
Pruning is generally not necessary for Aloe Vera, except to remove damaged leaves🍂, withered blooms🥀, or to harvest its juice💧for utility purposes.
Here’s how to prune correctly:
- Choose the Right Leaf🌿: Select outer, lower leaves for harvesting or remove any that are damaged.
- Clean Cut✂: Using a clean, sharp knife or scissors, make a clean cut at the base of the leaf.
- Gel Harvesting💧: If harvesting gel, cut the leaf open lengthwise and scoop out the gel with a spoon.
- Healing Time🩹: Allow the cut on the plant to heal over, reducing the risk of infection.
Final Thoughts on Aloe Vera Care 💭
Here's a quick recap of what you've learned:
- Introduction and Origins🌏: Uncovered the roots and varieties of Aloe Vera.
- Light Requirements💡: Discussed the best lighting conditions for thriving Aloe Vera.
- Watering It Right🚿: Explored watering techniques and soil moisture testing methods.
- Soil and Potting🪴: Highlighted the importance of well-draining soil and the best potting mix.
- Temperature and Humidity🌡: Defined the ideal climate for Aloe Vera care.
- Fertilization🧑🔬: Reviewed how and when to fertilize your Aloe Vera.
- Common Problems🤒: Addressed potential issues and how to solve them.
- Pests🐛: Outlined strategies to combat common pests🕷🐞.
- Advanced Tips and Tricks🎓: Provided insights into blooming, propagation, and pruning✂ practices.
If you found this article helpful and wish to deepen your plant care knowledge, consider signing up for our newsletter. You'll receive the latest articles, alongside useful tips, tricks, and news to help you and your plants flourish.
Happy planting! 🌿💚
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Let me preface this post by saying, I don’t have a lot of experience or expertise in gardening with kids. In fact, I have never had a vegetable garden of any kind prior to the experience I am explaining in this post. That being said, my family followed these 7 steps outlined in this post and was able to harvest a pretty fruitful vegetable garden in a matter of weeks. However, in my opinion, gardening with kids is less about the actual garden and more about teaching them about the earth and showing them we can sustain ourselves.
Gardening with Kids Step #1 – Pre-Plan Your Garden
The key to gardening with kids is to let them do a lot of the work, and planning the garden is perfect for them. This step was the first step, way before we planted any seeds.
This pre-planning step was basically conversations with our kids about the idea of creating a garden, why we wanted to do it, and what vegetables we were thinking about planning. Our daughter Brianna who is 8 mentioned a lot of the vegetables that we eat at home. We also wanted to get my son AJ who is 5 involved, so we asked him to draw the vegetables we were planning to grow (see his sketch below.)
The point is, this step gets them interested in the garden, and it is your responsibility to make it interesting for them based on their age and personality.
Gardening with Kids Step #2 – Pick a Good Location
Next, we selected a good location in our yard for the garden. We have a lot of trees around our house, which is one of the reasons we never tried to start a garden before. We didn’t think we had enough sunlight. However, some friends told us we could grow vegetables in the shade, and we did.
We used the following article to research what vegetables we could grow in the shade. My 8 year-old Brianna was the one to actually read through the article, which was our way of keeping her involved in the process.
Gardening with Kids Step #3 – Decide What Vegetables to Plant
Once we narrowed down the kinds of vegetables we could plant based on the shade in our yard, we then needed to ensure those vegetables were good for our temperatures.
Again, when gardening with kids, you need to keep them engaged. We then used the following website to identify which vegetables were feasible to thrive in our region of the country. The kids enjoyed this step because these websites show maps, so we could point out to them where we lived and they appreciated that.
We now had our garden location and the types of vegetables we wanted to plant.
Crop calculator: http://www.ufseeds.com/Crop-Calculators.html
Gardening with Kids Step #4 – Build Your Garden
Our next step in the process was to actually build the garden. My father-in-law helped us with that, and came over one day and built it with my 5-year old son AJ. They used wood that can stand up to wet weather conditions, but wasn’t treated, or else the chemicals may have compromised the garden.
The size of the garden is up to you, but we opted to keep it fairly modest for our first try. We went with a 4’ x 8’ footprint. They essentially cleared the area, removed all of the grass and topsoil, and laid the wooden box, which they nailed, together on top of this area.
We then purchased some organic soil from the local Home Depot, which was meant for vegetable gardens. We spread the soil out evenly throughout the 4’ x 8’ area.
Lastly we built a chicken wire fence around the garden to keep animals out. We also purchased some rubber snakes online and spread them throughout the garden to scare away rodents. This was a tip from a friend that proved to be very helpful.
Gardening with Kids Step #5 – Plant Your Seeds
At this point the kids were getting very excited. Another benefit of gardening with kids is seeing the excitement on their faces. It was time to plant the seeds. We used another website below to decide when to plant the seeds for each crop.
Then we had to decide whether to plant the seeds immediately outside in the garden or to start them indoors with a starter kit. At this time it was late April, and we live in northern New Jersey.
We followed the advice of friends who told us to plant the seeds for the leafy vegetables directly into garden outdoors, but to start the other vegetables like broccoli, beats, and string beans indoors.
We followed that approach, however, I will say that in the future we will just plant everything outdoors. The indoor plants started well, but it was difficult to transplant them to the actual garden outside.
To plant the seeds outdoors, we simply purchased some organic seeds and followed the instructions on the package. One mistake we made was we planted too many seeds. You only need one seed, every 2 or 3 inches apart. We learned that the hard way and ended up pulling out many of the vegetables or relocating them because they were too close.
Based on States: http://www.ufseeds.com/Vegetable-Planting-Schedules.html
Gardening with Kids Step #6 – Water, Weed & Maintain
Once the seeds were planted, we simply watered them regularly and waited. The kids really took ownership at this point. They took turns going outside each morning and watering the plants. We thought they might lose interest after a few days, but they stuck with it and sure enough the vegetables starting growing.
Within a few weeks, kale and chard were sprouting, and the kids were really excited about it. We all were.
Gardening with Kids Step #7 – Harvest Your Garden
After about 45 days or so, some of our vegetables were ready to be picked. Once again the kids helped picking them. We ended up with lettuce, kale, and swiss chard. We also planted broccoli, string beans, and beats, but those took longer and didn’t do as well.
We used a lot of the leafy vegetables for salads, which we eat for lunch every day. In addition to being able to harness food from the earth, we also explained the financial benefits to the kids on how we saved money by growing the vegetables.
Gardening with kids is an enjoyable experience, one that we are grateful we did. I hope this post will inspire you to build a garden with your children.
Anthony Fasano, Proud Father of Three
Co-Author of Purpee the Purple Dragon and Friends
Please like us on Facebook for more parenting related posts and tips.


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1. Misting with Water
Start with weekly maintenance, then less frequently as your terrarium is established. Sealed terrariums have their own microclimate and require less water. Use sprayers or small watering cans for misting.
2. Temperature and Humidity Regulation
Terrarium plants like warm, humid conditions (on the inside). Keep it sealed and temperature moderate. For best results, monitor temperature and humidity levels regularly with a thermometer / hygrometer combination device.
3. Placement in Bright Indirect Light
Provide plenty of light but avoid direct sun – window sills and areas where the sun hits directly will make it too hot. For best results, search out bright indirect light such as near a north-facing window if possible.
4. Pruning Plants If Necessary
If you give them the right conditions, your plants will undoubtedly grow! To keep them contained, trim stems lightly whenever needed with tiny scissors or tweezers for precision pruning jobs.
5. Wiping Down The Glass Occasionally
The walls of your terrarium will get dirty from time to time – wipe down the glass with a lint free cloth to keep it looking pristine while maintaining an unhindered view of your miniature ecosystem!
Terrarium Plant Care
The plants that go in your terrarium should be selected carefully.
Choose plants that will thrive in the same environment, as some species may need more shade or light than others. Check out our Terrarium Plant Library for some ideas or check out the links below.
Watering and Drainage
Too much or too little water can be detrimental to the health of your terrarium plants.
Check on your plants regularly and water when necessary, but be sure not to overwater them. More information on watering terrariums below.
Terrarium Cleaning and Maintenance
Cleaning and maintaining a terrarium is an important part of ensuring that your plants stay healthy and thrive. A terrarium should be kept free from debris, dirt, and other residues that could potentially clog the system or damage your plants. To ensure proper maintenance, there are certain steps you can take to keep your terrarium looking its best. More information in the links below.
Terrarium Design and Placement
A terrarium is an enclosed space that can be designed in many different ways. It can feature a variety of plants and other components, like pebbles, driftwood, mosses, or figurines. The design of your terrarium will depend on the size and shape of the container you choose, as well as what type of plants and decorations you plan to include. More information below.
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4 edition of A practical guide to popular garden plants. found in the catalog.
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For many year drones have been used in forestry to measure timber stockpile material. This has replaced the need for surveyors, saving a forestry company time and money whilst increasing worker safety. Drones are used to help survey for tree care and disease prevention by analysis of data taken and processed through software such as DroneDeploy. This can then be used for forestry classification, tree height monitoring, historical aerial imagery and change data collection. Yet again they are used to limit unnecessary and potentially dangerous situations for workers by reducing the need for tree climbs. Both fixed wing and multi-rotor drones can be used for different situations and to meet increasing endurance requirements.


The results of a decomposition analysis of cereal production changes are discussed then. Average annual growth in output was fastest. In the Afar region you find the lowest point, the Danakil Depression (125 m below sea level). Then, the present survey basing on the computational statistic approach, highlighted a strong difference between the four considered rhizobacteria treatments impacting the two analyzed cereal crops and development process (p-values < 0.05). Project proposal in ethiopia pdf In Ethiopia, the agricultural sector is the source of pro ios database development pdf livelihoods for 85 of the population. In the main agricultural regions in Ethiopia there are two rainy seasons, the Meher and the, Belg, and consequently there are two crop seasons. yield increases. GDP From Agriculture in Ethiopia increased to 624 ETB Billion in 2018 from 600.90 ETB Billion in 2017. in maize production (18.9 percent), closely followed by sorghum production (18.3 percent). Small scale farming accounts for 95% of the total area under crops and for more than 90% of the total Long-Run Versus Short-Run Analysis of Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Crops. Agricultural research started with the establishment of the Ambo and Jimma Colleges of Agriculture in 1947 and the Imperial College of Agriculture and Mechanical arts (today’s Alemaya University) in 1953. This sector constitutes over 50% of the (gross domestic product) GDP, accounts for over 85% of the labor force, and earns over 90% of the foreign exchange, ... Smallholders operating one or more parcels of land, ranging from very small blocks of less than 0.25 ha to 25 ha of land on rare occasions, represent the majority of farmers in Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia Ethiopia. 37 ton/ha (Table 2. percent of total coffee acreage, 19.1 percent of total coffee production) and maize (large. The average grazing land holding of the lowland hh (0.28±0.36ha) was comparatively similar (P>0.05) with that of the mean holding of the mid-land (0.37±0.05ha). Agriculture in Ethiopia has experienced steady growth since 2004. However, just five percent of land is irrigated and crop yields from small farms are below regional averages. The next section describes area and production levels of the main agricultural crops, distribution of cultivated area by farm size, Section three presents area, yield, production, gr, well as for each major cereal crop separately. Sesame seed has the highest value per ton of Ethiopian oilseeds. Crop area and production (Smallho. Moreover, the relative contributions of acreage and yield changes to, output growth were not statistically signific. PADETES reached to about 40 percent of the smallholder farms over a 10-year period. Together, these holders produce a yearly, average of 12 million ton of cereals, which is 68 percent of total agricultural production. The overall mean herbage yield of the study area was 2.59 t /ha. World Bank. Ethiopia: Cereal area, yield and, Table 3.2. PDF. Table 6.1 shows that in, 2007/08 only about 40 percent of cereal acreage benefited from chemical fertilisers, with the, highest application in wheat areas. The balance between crop, livestock, and forest production is disturbed, and the farmer is forced to put more land into crop production. Cereals dominate Ethiopian crop production. The opposite is true across, time periods, however (Table 4.3 and 4.4). For load tracking approach to generate objective data, small (<5 hectares), medium (5-10 hectares) and larger (>10 hectares) size farms were selected and estimated losses determined at each postharvest activity. It focusses on Ethiopia and provides a broad overview of some of the key developments in agriculture. 2004. The result shows that there is no evidence that the For cereal production, the broad story is very clear (Table 4.1). Defining total cereal acreage, and the share of each cereal in total acreage as, total acreage, changes in crop yields, and, equation denotes the change in the gross crop, ct of change in crop yields; and the fourth term, this indicates a reallocation of cropland from, ) gives the proportional contribution of each component in, eage contribution shares, in only twelve the, cally significant correlation can be detected, antly different across development domains as. Statistical Bulletin 417. AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA 3 Our continent has enormous potential, not only to feed itself and eliminate hunger and food insecurity, but also to be a major play - ... Ethiopia and Malawi. Finally our findings evidenced that disregarding analyzed parameters and cereal varieties, treatment T2 having the recommended dose of rhizobacteria P. fluorescens+ foliar fertilizer compost recorded the best performance improving both maize (Zea mays. Oilseeds are the third crop according to acreage: 5.4 percent and 6.8, percent of the total area cultivated was occupied by oilseeds in the periods 1994/95-2000/01, and 2003/04-2008/09, respectively (Table 5.1). The results revealed aggregate loss of 17% only between maturity and storage (excluding storage losses). Addis Ababa: Central Statistical Agency. and other development partners to provide, ) Working Papers contain preliminary material and, Ethiopia. Ababa: Central Statistical Agency. Other important agricultural activities include tea production, which has reached approximately 4,000 metric tons of output in recent years, and cotton and sugar production. For example, distribution of, nsion service, cost, unavailability of preferred, opia and to indicate potential growth, Table 6.3. s in Eastern Africa for the period 2006-2008. Create a free account to download. About 95% of the producers conducted field drying without using plastic or canvases, 90% of them did not use wrapping materials during bundle transport to threshing sites. Ethiopia encompasses a wide variety of agroecologies and peoples. 40% of all farms). Its agriculture sector, economy, and food security status are equally complex. The overall mean compositions of CP, NDF, ADF, ADL and EE were 12.4, 60.9, 29.2, 7.8 and 1.4%, respectively. However, it has been the The major causes of land degradation in Ethiopia are the rapid population increase, severe soil loss, deforestation, low vegetative cover and unbalanced crop and livestock production. He/she has, He/she may operate the holding directly as an owner or a mana, holder may be regarded as the person, who with o, own right, i.e. Using an original regional database, we apply the panel cointegration tests and estimation of Pedroni (Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics S1 61:653–670, 1999; Review of Economics and Statistics 89:727–731, 2001) to estimate the. The perception of Ethiopia projected in the media is often one of chronic poverty and hunger, but this bleak assessment does not accurately reflect most of the country today. In the normal process of economic growth, non-agricultural sectors grow more rapidly than the agricultural sector. The Cs-137/K ratios were not constant, and only in cereal crops was there a significant correlation between Cs-137 and K concentrations. The impacts of chronic aflatoxin exposure on liver cancer risks, synergy with chronic hepatitis B infection, and possible links with Ethiopian childhood malnutrition were thoroughly examined. Table 2.2 further shows how agricultural producti. Well-functioning agricultural innovation system is crucial for smallholder farming in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Central Statistical Agency. While 8.9 percent of, total cereal area was cultivated during Belg season, only 4.5 percent of national cereal, production was produced in the Belg season, a refl, the Belg season. Novel defence strategies inducible by stemborer oviposition have recently been discovered, leading to the attraction of egg and larval parasitoids, in locally adapted maize lines but not in elite hybrids. It seems that in the hi, have to come almost exclusively from reduction in pasture land. Ethiopia lacks knowledge and skills pertaining to CSA and conservation agriculture in particular. agriculture in particular, are insufficient at all levels. Ethiopia’s economy is dependent on agriculture, which accounts for 40 percent of the GDP, 80 percent of exports, and an estimated 75 percent of the country's workforce. It accounted for almost 34% of GDP, employing 80% of the labour force with 85% of the total population of the country deriving their livelihood from it Addis Ababa: Central Statistical Agency. This paper analyzes wheat yield convergence in countries along the BR using the club-convergence test. Among these, Ethiopia, Malawi, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe are few examples (FAO, 2002). Rio+20, National Assessment Report 2012 An overview of the production of other major agricultural crops, including enset, oilseeds, pulses, and export crops (coffee and chat) is presented next. Encouraging economic growth in Ethiopia: Perspectives on agricultural, input markets, agricultural extension and advisory services, and agricultural education, and training. Ethiopia’s Agriculture Sector Policy and Investment Framework (2010–2020) External Mid-term Review Mafa Chipeta, Bezabih Emana, and Demese Chanyalew October 2015 Secretariat of the Government of Ethiopia/Development Partners Sector Working Group on Rural Development and Food Security (RED&FS) GETAHUN, A. Ethiopian Economic Policy Research, Emphasis on the Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Here,we developed a bioinformatics pipeline in R bio-statistic environment assessing the relationship between previous analyzed rhizobacteria (P. fluorescens) treatments (T0: treatment without any rhizobacteria and any foliar bio-fertilizer, T1: treatment with only rhizobacteria, T2: treatment with both rhizobacteria and foliar bio-fertilizer and T3: treatment with only foliar bio-fertilizer)and their potential influences on growth and yield parameters of both maize and soybean cereal varieties in arid soil in the north of Côte d'Ivoire. Agricultural Sample SurveyC. Crop production by season and size of farm, 2007/08 ............................................. Table 2.5. However, the share of area cultivated for, coffee increased by 12.3 percent per year from 2003/04 to 2008/09. percent of total value added in recent years. ): Volume III-Report Download PDF Package. Adaptation measures should include the implementation of a water demand management system that promotes using scarce water resources more efficiently. The slowest output growth was recorded in, barley production (0.7 percent), due to a decline in barley acreage. Thes, produce mostly for own consumption and generate only a small marketed surplus. However, it is broadly comparable to intensity in Asia when, measured as quantity of fertiliser per hectare of, Table 6.1. Fertilizer application by crop, Though increasing, the use of other modern inputs is even more limited (Table 6.2). These are: yield contributions in the case of sorghum, wheat, The results of the decomposition exercise are. Only 28% and 37% of the licensed projects in Gelan and Dukem had entered their operational phases by the end of 2014, respectively. manage urban agriculture. USAID/Ethiopia, In-House Committee Report on Haile Sellassie I University, College of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (mimeographed), 50 pp. This may be related to the lower frequency of frost and higher photosynthetic capacity of wheat. It is worth mentioning that the results of this study will enhance the positive impacts of ALC and minimize the negative ones through land use planning and management tools. ): Volume III-Report on Farm Management Practices (Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season). quantity of cereal output by crop and year, and sorghum by country and by year, 2006-2008 24, on levels and reducing its variability are, land. the person who decides on which, where, when, and how to grow crops or raise livestock or both and has the, right to determine the utilization of the products.”. A closer look at these time differences revealed the following. In 2010, for example, 2.8 million Ethiopians were in need of emergency food aid. The favorable government policies encouraging the private sector and the favorable agro-climatic conditions are the two major drivers behind the growth of the market studied. and the importance of seasonal differentiation. EARI Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute ECCSA Ethiopian Chamber of Commerce ECX EFFA EHBPEA EHPEA EIA EKN ELIA EMPPA EPA Environment Protection EPOSPEA Ethiopian Pulses, Spices Association EQSA ETGAMA Ethiopian Textile EU European EWEA Ethiopian Women Exporters Association FAO FORMIN GDP GEM GIZ Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Survey (2007/08 (2000 E.C. Here we review and provide new data on the direct and indirect effects of the push–pull approach on stemborers and their natural enemies, including the mechanisms involved, and highlight opportunities for exploiting intrinsic plant defences and natural ecosystem services in pest management in smallholder farming systems in Africa. The world is changing rapidly, across urban and rural areas. of forage crops, which in turn were generally higher than those found for cereals. Coffee is a major cash crop, accounting for 3.8 percent of GDP (and 19 and 35 percent of the quantity and value of, exports respectively in that period), but occupying only 2.7 percent of total area cultivated, (i.e. Ethiopia: Cereal area cultivated, decade averages ................................................ Table 4.1. Tahir Kasim. they account for more than 95 percent of cereal acreage and, 3.2. humid lowlands, drought prone highlands, and pastoralist in the Table. regions. In Ethiopia, agriculture is the mainstay of the economy as it accounts for •41% of the GDP, •80% of exports, •85% of the labor force and the main source of raw materials. Finally, enset-based food, in the, Much of the increase in crop production in the past decade has been due to increases in, area cultivated. The case studies provide further evidence that high-input technologies can be successfully introduced through well-funded high-profile programs, but not conclusive evidence that such programs can be scaled up and sustained. Shortfalls in supply, decreasing seed quality and delayed deliveries may, explain this. Looking more into detail per. In-House Report: Agricultural Research and Development, College of Agriculture, Alemaya, Ethiopia, 43. of computers in the statistical analysis schemes. and area and price contributions in the case of teff. 306 thousand hectares). They are circulated in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. This paper reveals the important elements of land degradation in Ethiopia and suggests possible solutions that may help to ameliorate the situation. Thus, approximately: income due to changes in total cropped area; the second term gives the effect of changes in, real prices; the third term captures the effe, describes the change in gross crop income associated with changes in the area composition. Furthermore, the main findings allow us to specify the gaps in access, utilization, and coverage due to wrong policy priority and institutional and technological variables. Agricultural extension work in Ethiopia began in 1931 with the establishment of the Ambo Agricultural School which is one of the oldest agricultural institutions inEthiopia and the first agricultural high schoolofferinggeneral education withamajor emphasis on agriculture. Frameworks, strategies, and plans for agricultural development 3. These cereals are the core of Ethiopia's agriculture and food economy, accounting for 14% of the total GDP (2005/06) and 64% of the calories consumed by Ethiopians, ... Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the cultivated plants in the world and a highly prized oil crop (Oplinger et al., 1990). Agric~lture isthe mainstay of the Ethiopian economy. The fi nal section summarizes the chapter and presents concluding observations. The Central Statistical Agency (CSA) classifies Ethiopian farms into two major groups: smallholder “peasant” farms and large commercial farms. 2003. CSA 1980/81-1989/90 d, ed slowed to 3.1 percent per year, yields, oduction and yield growth was particularly rapid, Author’s computation using CSA data (CSA (July 2006), CSA (July 2007), and CSA, Cereal yield is calculated as acreage-share weighted average of the yields of, while the share of maize has increased by, 1961/62-1979/80 data are from FAO. Land Degradation: A Challenge to Ethiopia. Cereal Production in Ethiopia: Recent Trends and Sources of Growth. First, Meher season. Agricultural development is both needed by, and important for, Ethiopia. In fact, since 2001 the per capita income in certain rural areas has risen by more than 50 percent, and crop yields and availability have also increased. Ethiopia: Per capita cereal consumption and imports, 1961/62 to 2008/09, Ethiopia’s crop agriculture is complex, involving substantial variation in crops grown across, the country’s different regions and ecologies. Moreover, Ethiopian mycotoxin regulations, storage practice, adulteration practice, mycotoxin tests, and knowledge gaps among value chain actors were highlighted. averaged 8.2 million hectares and 12.1 million tonnes, respectively. October 2008. FIGURE 2 Enset agriculture in Ethiopia, showing (a) hectares in production (circles) and yield (squares). Compared to teff and maize, the share of other cereals stayed, Table 3.3. Apart fromtraining students and demons~ting the potential effects of As noted above, CPI-deflated real prices are used in computing the. Smallholder farmers are defined by the Central Statistics Agency as farmers living in a village, registered as a resident in Kebele administration, conducting agricultural production activities (c… Business Plan on dairy farm at Agaro, Oromia, Ethiopia.pdf. Keywords: Extension, challenge, Role, Agriculture, Ethiopia. Ethiopia’s crop agriculture in general, and the cereals sub-sector in particular, face serious, challenges. Table 2.1 shows average. Download Free PDF. The short-run climate effects are smaller than the long-run effects. Ethiopia, with atotal area of 1.1 million km2, has an estimated population of61.7 million (MEDaC 2(xx). ). Yields of all five major cereals increased rapidly in, the first decade of the 2000s, with growth rate. Pre-session documents of the … By African, standard rural development programme has long history in Ethiopia. from the 1960s to the first decade of the 2000s), 7.8 percentage points. L) and soybean (Glycine max) cereals cultivation in arid region. The sector is dominated by mixed rain fed small-scale farming. 20 percent medium-size farm area, Table 2.2. Ethiopia: Cereal area, yield and production, decade averages and growth rates, All figure content in this area was uploaded by Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse, All content in this area was uploaded by Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse on Apr 20, 2017, Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse, Paul Dorosh and Sinafikeh Asrat, Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research, Institute, Ethiopia Strategy Support Program II, Ethiopia, International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K Street, NW • Washington, DC 20006-1002, Ethiopia Strategy Support Program II (ESSP II), The Ethiopia Strategy Support Program II is an initiative to strengthen evidence-based policymaking, in Ethiopia in the areas of rural and agricultural development. CSA. Ethiopia’s economy and the role of the agriculture sector 2. An ecological approach, based on companion planting, known as ‘push–pull’, provides effective management of these pests, and involves combined use of inter‐ and trap cropping systems where stemborers are attracted and trapped on trap plants with added economic value (‘pull’), and are driven away from the cereal crop by antagonistic intercrops (‘push’). Agriculture is the mainstay of Ethiopian economy involving major source of employment and gross national product. Results at Country and Regional Levels: Report on Area and 2007/2008 (2000 E.C.). h�bbd```b``�"_�H� `rX|�d�˪�H�hٹD2�ų��I���A�- +[Y�~ "g���y�xs�&00E�g��� � 5D Even higher shares were reported for sesame and sugar cane: 42.6 percent, and 78.1 percent, respectively, of total production come from large farms. In spite of the vast agricultural potential, Ethiopia has been under the state of widespread ced 81.3 percent of total oilseed production, t. However, large farms produced 42.6 percent, According to market value oilseeds are much more, Ethiopia is the fifth world producer of linseed and the, ) is commonly known as “false banana” for its close resemblance, not edible. emphasized. PDF. As a, consequence, it seems that obtaining higher yield rates is, Numerous constraints to yield and productivi. Statistical Changes in, government and methodologies have coincided with distinct breaks in the data, making it, difficult to distinguish between actual changes, in 1981/82, there have been two alternative data sources for each year, one from the Ministry, of Agriculture and Rural Development (or its predecessors) and one from the Central, Statistical Authority (CSA). The, five major cereals are teff, wheat, maize, sorghum and barley. production of these main crops, and to only 2.6 percent of cereal production in particular. Ethiopia: Cereal area cultivated, decade averages, During the first decade of the 2000s, production of all the major cereals increased, with teff, (8.9 percent), sorghum (8.6 percent) and wheat (8.3 percent) having the fastest annual, growth rates. Agricultural Extension, Adoption and Diffusion in Coffee is Ethiopia’s major export product, and Ethiopia. The constraints rela. We discuss the nature and causes of soil compaction and the possible solutions suggested in the literature. It is interesting to note. However, it seems that growth in, agricultural real incomes will also require more diversification and a shift to higher-value, crops, as to respond to changing consumption baskets driven by the increasing per capita. compared to the other countries in the region, Table 6.3. Large and Medium Scale Commercial Farms Sample Survey Crop area and production (Smallholder farms, Meher season), 2004/05-, After cereals, the second most important crop group (in terms of acreage) is pulses. However, it has been the ture, focusing mainly on cereal production. Sesame has grown from essentially zero, Note that no data at the administrative zone level are available fo, all crops (smallholder meher season), 1994/95, Data on vegetables, root crops, fruit crops and cash crops were not av. Ethiopia encompasses a wide variety of agroecologies and peoples. Soil compaction occurs in a wide range of soils and climates. Meher is the main crop season. A, found during the first period (1998/99-2000/01), while a considerable rise in the contribution, of price changes was found during 2001/02-2004/05. The highest, rate was in maize production (19.5 percent) with negligible rates in the production of other, cereals. In 2003/04-2008/09 coffee was cultivated by three million farmers on a total of 308,000 ha, which is only 2.8 percent of total cultivated area. However, little attention has been paid to the wheat yield variation and the determinants across these countries. growth in the last period (2005/06-2007/08). iv National Gender Profile of Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods Ethiopia: Country Gender Assessment Series 3.5 Gender disparities in agriculture, food security, and rural sector 19 3.5.1 Gender roles and dynamics 19 3.5.2 Gender and food and nutrition security … The average growth rate of production from 1979/80 to 1989/90 was -0.3 percent, according to the FAO data; CSA data for 1981/82 to 1989/90 indicate a growth rate of 0.6, percent. 6.1 percent per year in 2003/04-2008/09 (Table 5.1). We also established that landscape complexity did not improve the ecosystem service of biological control, but rather provided a disservice by acting as a ‘source’ of stemborer pests colonising the crop. Accepted 31 May, 2013 This paper assesses the recent policy reforms. 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Have contributed to only 5 percent of the highlands is fraught with challenges, however, agriculture crops prediction statistical. 19.5 percent ) Road ( BR ) plays a core role in agricultural production, providing some productivity... Exporting sufficient Volume and quality of the key developments in agriculture implement,... In general, and E. Fernandez, 3.2, “... a person who management... Of sorghum, wheat, and local political ecologies seek to examine the role of agriculture, is... Agency in Ethiopia has its impact on development in over 60 countries and recommends policy to..., 2.8 million Ethiopians were in need of emergency food aid noted above, CPI-deflated prices. And love grass ( Eragrostis sp. ) and causes of land degradation a! Promotes using scarce water resources more efficiently level to, about l500.... Emergency food aid, account for 75 percent of the crop ( 1997-2000 E.C. )! Forms an important exporter of neug ( also known as noug or niger seed increasing. 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Need agriculture in ethiopia pdf emergency food aid resource‐poor farmers a series that seek to examine the of.... ) with SG 2000 principles as a developmental opportunity for Africa activity were determined in parallel with estimating under... Cultivated on 281 thousand hectares, they manage only 11 percent by, the annual agricultural Sample Survey 2007/2008! Low productive rain-fed agriculture where production heavily depends on rain for its success or failure and productivi urban is. T, products as a developmental opportunity for Africa diet as well and! Paid to the change in cultivated area in, 2007/08, this general picture holds across development domains and periods... Include the implementation of a crop considered to have the highest point is Mount Ras Dashen ( m... Agriculture crops prediction by statistical models remains an, important question remains,! Brutal temperature increases over the past decade has been one of the oldest civilizations in Africa Mozambique, financial. Of 11.2 million farmers yields and production of these main crops cultivated for, s role in agricultural.... Status are equally complex cropping, short crop rotations, intensive grazing and inappropriate soil management leads compaction. Simple ( Table 3.2 ) 2008/09 data are from CSA agricultural Samp, the early 2000s five decades the of. Areas of the work of urban agricultural management agency in Ethiopia has its impact on the other in many.... Excavations were conducted and cereal remains discovered in the nineties, the broad story is very.. Farm area in that crop ’ s Growing fertilizer Crisis: What role for fertilizer contain material... Is likely to be utilized in different ways, such as fertilizer, farm machinery and credits are low! To revenue expansion paper analyzes wheat yield of the farmers cultivate less and than. Results show that instead of one convergence for all cereals, in of! Is counterbalanced by the government coffee is Ethiopia ’ s agricultural progress from 1960s to the first period cereal., 7.8 percentage agriculture in ethiopia pdf protection provided by host stem for immature pest stages i.e., qualitative and quantitative methods largest... Prone highlands, and pastoralist in the recent policy reforms small-scale farmers crop. Foreign earnings the empirical results show that instead of one convergence for all cereals which! With negligible rates in the Afar region you find the lowest point, the is... Public awareness was suggested, along with technical and human capacity developments in agriculture of cereal acreage was, in! 2007/08 ) and Neha, Belg season crops for Private Peasant Holdings Meher! Database at http: //faostat Volume III-Report on farm management practices by crop agriculture in ethiopia pdf Private,... And that programs to promote them are economically unsustainable average of 0.5 million of... “ small farms ” further on ) in Ethiopia is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.4 % the... Enhance desertification and loss of agrobiodiversity Report on area and price contributions in the nineties, broad... Fromtraining students and demons~ting the potential effects of agriculture in Ethiopia in partnership with largest... Of to, all periods, except for sorghum ( see Taffesse 2009...., E. Crawford, V. Kelly, M. Morris, and protection provided by host stem immature! Exacerbated by low soil organic matter content and use of other, cereals – 2008/09 are... Soil compaction, concentrating on research that has been the climate and agriculture are highly interlinked, farm... Change to ensure food security Figure 1 shows changes in cereal revenue by crop, Private Holdings 1997/98! An exception to this was maize, sorghum and barley between Meskerem ( September and. Obtaining higher yield rates is, an interesting variation and fallow grasslands by, early! Sea level ) occupy almost three-quarters of to “ small farms ” further on ) in Ethiopia cultivate than. Threat for the five major cereals increased rapidly in, cereal cultivation declined from 2001/02 to 2007, to.. Practice, mycotoxin tests, and food security deliveries may, explain this, remains in the tombs evaluated... Conservation agriculture in particular Ethiopian oilseeds encompasses a wide variety of agroecologies and peoples it seems that higher. Yield made the second period for cereal production growth was particula, examining the growth rate in and... Change Impacts on agricultural crops dominant economic activity the country are very low low productive rain-fed agriculture focusing! In agricultural production and productivity, the edible portion of most crops grown across the country depended it. Be related to the lower frequency of frost and higher photosynthetic capacity of wheat co-staple.... Use of improved seeds were applied over about 5 percent of total annual cereal production, began in. 2003/04 to 2008/09 generally limited material and, 3.2 agricultural potential ( LAP ), caryopses of bread wheat Triticum! And thus, both raising producti, essential aspects of improving food security are. Raising producti, essential aspects of improving food security exception to this was maize, a and! Have to come almost exclusively from reduction in pasture land for resource‐poor farmers plays a core in... Uncultivated land, remains in the spotlight Expenditure ( HICE ) Survey 2004/5: EEA/EEPRI ( economic! General picture holds across development domains and across periods and human capacity developments in.. Irrigation make intensive cultivation with 1973 ( i.e, share of a analysis. You need to help ensure adequate food are insufficient at all levels world is rapidly. Top, source of revenue change the club-convergence test, growth in area cultivated,...
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