Food & Beverage
Unique Grape Varieties that Make High Country Wines so Flavorful
By Kim S. Davis
Because flavor involves sensory perceptions of both taste and smell, wines are the perfect platform for showcasing unique palate pleasing characteristics. The distinctive flavors in wines arise from a combination of the varieties of grapes that go into the wines, and where the grapes are grown. Wide ranging micro-climates allow specific varieties to either flourish or flounder, and talented wine producers from southern climates discovered that certain hybrid grapes make very flavorful wines.
Many wine drinkers recognize traditional Vitis vinifera varietals like Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. These European derived grape varieties are widely cultivated around the world for making wine. Southern wine drinkers and those who prefer sweeter wines are probably also familiar with the American native Muscadine and Scuppernong varieties that grow wild in North Carolina and are now cultivated for wine. However, there are some very unique hybrid varieties grown in the vineyards of the High Country American Viticulture Area (AVA) that contribute to our local wines’ deliciously exceptional flavors.
There are fewer than 300 American Viticulture Areas (AVAs) in the U.S. and every area receives its designation because of specific characteristics that make the wines of each AVA unique to that AVA. The Appalachian High Country AVA was recognized as an AVA in 2016 and is one of only two multi-state AVAs. The High Country AVA is made up of vineyards from southern Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina, and all of our area vineyards and wineries are a part of this AVA.
While High Country AVA vineyards have commonalities, each is unique because they are located at diﬀerent altitudes with varying climates. The special micro-ecosystems at each location support diverse growing conditions and varied soil types allowing diﬀerent grape varieties to flourish. And while the varieties of grapes grown in the vineyards across the High Country AVA vary, rot-resistant grapes that thrive in short, wet, cooler growing conditions yield the best harvests.
One distinctive white variety found in the High Country AVA is Seyval Blanc, a French-American hybrid vine. Seyval Blanc consists of large clusters of small-berried white grapes, developed in France in the early 1920s by Bertille Seyve and his son-in-law, Victor Villard, while trying to create a disease-resistant grape. Another notable French-American hybrid grape lending its flavor to High Country AVA wines is Marechal Foch, a jammy, deep red grape that came to the U.S. at the end of World War II and is named after Marechal (General) Ferdinand Foch, a prominent French General during World War I. Because stringent European law does not permit the use of hybrid grapes in their wine-making, the vines were exported and are now grown outside of Europe, including in our primary High Country vineyards at Banner Elk Winery, Grandfather Vineyard and Winery, Linville Falls Winery, and Watauga Lake Winery’s Villa Nove Vineyard .
Each of these wineries cultivates and incorporates Seyval Blanc and Marechal Foch in their wines in individualized ways. Beginning with the highest vineyard in the High Country AVA, Banner Elk Winery sits at 5,000 feet above sea level. Founders first planted these hybrid grape varieties in 2001 and they have thrived. Typically a more oﬀ-dry wine, the Seyval Blanc varietal from Banner Elk Winery tends to be drier because of the high altitude. Reminiscent of a Sauvignon Blanc but less citrusy and with greater minerality, the Banner Elk Seyval Blanc is best consumed young.
Banner Elk Winery also produces an award-winning Marechal Foch varietal, aged in French Oak barrels, that tends to cellar well. They have just released a new vintage Marechal Foch Reserve that is great with barbecue. The Marechal Foch is lower in tannins than many deep red varieties and performs well in the cold and wet climate of Banner Elk. Another notable hybrid grape grown at Banner Elk Winery is the Steuben. It was developed at Cornell University and is named after a county in New York. Steuben is a thick-skinned light pink grape that is used to make the Banner Elk Winery Rosé.
Just a few miles over the mountain is Grandfather Vineyard and Winery, situated at 3,300 feet above sea level. They also produce wines utilizing the Seyval Blanc and Marechal Foch hybrids but in very diﬀerent ways. Some of their blends, particularly their sparkling wines, are made with Chardonel, which is a hybrid of Seyval Blanc. They also grow Marechal Foch to incorporate in some of their red blends.
Because of the vineyard’s elevation and steeply sloping hillside, Grandfather Vineyard and Winery also has success with another flavorful French-American hybrid first developed in France in the 1930s as a Cognac grape. Vidal Blanc is able to withstand harsher winter weather and because of its high sugar levels, it is a great grape for bubbly. The winery recently received gold medals in the NC Wine Competition for wines blended with this grape. Along with Chardonel, Vidal Blanc is a foundation of their Blue Ridge Brut, and it is also included in their Sparkling River White and Sweet Sparkling Rosé. This early ripening hybrid is blended in many of their still wines as well, including the newly released Grandfather White made with Vidal Blanc, and Traminette, a University of Illinois-developed hybrid.
About twenty miles southwest at a similar elevation range of 3,200 to 3,500 feet, Linville Falls Winery cultivates both Seyval Blanc and Marechal Foch on their southern facing slopes. Seyval Blanc is featured in their Rose, the Trillium white blend (along with Vidal Blanc and Riesling) and their Mountain White. The estate grown Marechal Foch grapes are featured in some of their special release reds. Linville Falls Winery also has great success growing Riesling, an aromatic Vitis vinifera variety that originated in the Rhine Region of Germany. This popular variety is their “flagship grape” and is featured in their award-winning Riesling, as well as a Dry Riesling and several blends.
Across the state line in Tennessee, Watauga Lake Winery’s Villa Nove Vineyard is situated at an altitude of 2,000 feet along Big Dry Run Rd., so named because it is an isolated area of dry land. Although it may be raining all around the vineyard, the farmland remains dry, bringing specific flavors to its hybrid vines. All of Watauga Lake Winery’s wines are made with estate grown grapes, including their School House White, blended with Chardonel, Seyval Blanc, Golden Muscat, and Traminette. Their Traminette is a cold-hearty Gewurztraminer hybrid that is the “star” of the vineyard. Villa Nove Vineyard also grows the light pink Steuben hybrid to include in some oﬀ-dry blends.
The High Country region is very fortunate to be a part of its own AVA and to house four spectacular award-winning vineyards. We encourage you to visit each winery and taste the unique flavors of these lesser-known hybrid grapes. The talented winemakers have maximized their harvests to develop amazing wines from these resilient grape varieties.
From the CML Kitchen
By Meagan Goheen
Fall Confetti Salad
1 lb fresh Brussels sprouts, stems removed, cut in quarters
2 ½ cups butternut squash (1 small butternut squash), peeled, cubed into ½-inch cubes
5 TBSP extra virgin olive oil
2 TBSP brown sugar
1 tsp cinnamon
1 tsp kosher salt
½ tsp cracked black pepper
2 cups cooked quinoa
8 oz goat cheese, crumbled
½ cup salted pumpkin seeds
½ cup dried cranberries
- Pre-heat oven to 425 degrees.
- To a large, rimmed baking sheet pan add the Brussels sprouts, butternut squash, olive oil, brown sugar, cinnamon, salt, and pepper; toss to combine.
- Roast for 25-30 minutes or until golden brown, tossing halfway through.
- In a large bowl, mix the roasted butternut squash, Brussels sprouts and quinoa. Top with pumpkin seeds, dried cranberries, and goat cheese.


Fundamental truths about natural farming.
Our health is primarily determined by the food we eat and the air we breathe. It is a given that Natural farming is safe for the environment, and organic food is safe and healthy for the family. With that in mind, we at Paalaar Urban Farms ventured into natural farming, and our experience has taught us that: –
After buying a plot of land for a farmhouse, our customers get to own livestock like cows, buffaloes, goats, hens, ducks, turkeys, geese, guinea fowls, etc. These pets are being maintained and managed by Paalaar Urban Farms, bringing biodiversity to our farms. These animals produce milk and eggs for their owners and manure for the farms. The availability of high-grade farmyard manure facilitates natural farming most effectively and helps us avoid reliance on chemical-based fertilizers and pesticides.
The primary aim of Paalaar Urban Farms is to produce organic food for the farm owner’s self-consumption, and the surplus output is made available to others. As we produce primarily for the farm-owners, all our farming operations, food production, and packaging processes are transparent and open to scrutiny by the farm-owners. This, in turn, ensures that there are no compromises when it comes to organic farming practices at Paalaar Urban Farms.
If you wish to eat the safest and healthiest food produced by rigidly following organic farming practices, please contact +91 8939773300 and register with us. We will deliver your requirements straight from our farm to your doorstep.
A bit about milk from our farm.
Many of our customers ask us why there is such a big difference between native and mixed-breed cow’s milk prices. The answer is simple. Though both breeds require roughly the same amount of money for feeding, maintenance, and veterinary care, the milk yield of a native breed cow is just about 50% of a mixed breed cow’s yield. Therefore, it is needless to add that the price too will vary by the same ratio.
On our farm, our focus was on native breed cows. Therefore, we opted for the Kankrej breed since it was an ideal milch breed most suited to Chennai/Tamilnadu’s climatic conditions. However, we couldn’t offer Kankrej breed cow’s milk for less than Rs 100/- per Litre due to the low milk yielding capacity of native breed cows. We continue to supply native breed cow’s milk to our customers who can afford them at Rs 100/- per Litre.
Some of our customers find the Kankrej cow milk unaffordable and want us to offer them the next best alternative. We have therefore added native-breed cow’s milk to our product list at a more affordable price of Rs 60/- per Litre.
Don’t worry if you are someone who prefers thick and creamy buffalo’s milk. We have that too at Rs 75/- per Litre.
Coming to the process:


Founded in the 1950s as a simple feed ‘n’ seed business, W.S. Connelly expanded across the decades to parent multiple companies serving turf and horticulture professionals, contractors, engineers, and resellers.
From sport complexes to golf courses, Landscape Supply is committed to providing you with both economic and agronomic solutions. One of the most well-respected turf and ornamental distribution businesses in the country, we have served the mid-Atlantic region for more than 60 years.
Environmental Construction Services
Solutions-driven and service-minded, Environmental Construction Solutions is the leading construction supply company in the Mid-Atlantic region. Begun as an installation company, we understand the challenges of sediment control, storm water management and the geosynthetic world, and we’ve been helping engineers and contractors find solutions for more than 30 years.
Chesapeake Valley Seed
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We developed the range THREE HEARTS with super fruits in order to offer you a delicious and healthy everyday snack.
We exclusively work with Greek farmers, choosing the best harvest from Goji berries, Sea Buckthorn and Aronia, super fruits, which are all well known for their antioxidant properties.
Our cereals and nut rich mixture contains oats, barley, wheat, sesame, peanuts and sunflower seeds.
Blended with pure honey and extra virgin olive oil and are gently processed to reserve all the nutrients.
This way, we at THREE HEARTS are sure that we offer you a product high in nutritional values and fiber.
Enjoy THREE HEARTS SUPERBAR in four healthy variants with super fruits and honey.


This month, on Conservation Starters, were joined by 5th generation farmer Carissa Miller who is the owner and operator of Withywindle Valley Farm and TCD's Senior Natural Resource Specialist, Marguerite Abplanalp. Together, we discuss the challenges and triumphs that come with being a farmer in Thurston County and learn about the Voluntary Stewardship Program - a program that offers local producers an alternative way to protect and voluntarily enhance environmentally critical areas while maintaining and improving the long-term viability of local agriculture.
Marguerite Abplanalp, email@example.com
Carissa Miller, firstname.lastname@example.org
Withywindle Valley Farm
Thurston Conservation District VSP Sign-up Form
Thurston County VSP
Interested in joining the VSP workgroup? Contact Marguerite Abplanalp, email@example.com for more information.


History of EuroTier
EuroTier first took place in 1993. Since 1996, Hanover’s exhibition grounds – the largest in the world – has hosted the event every two years in the month of November.
EuroTier is organised by the Frankfurt-based German Agricultural Society (DLG). Through-out DLG’s long history (founded in 1885), exhibitions have always played a major role in its work for the agricultural and food sector. Producers of investment goods or farm inputs as well as agricultural-sector service providers have always found and indeed continue to find here a platform that allows them to communicate with agricultural business investors.
The world’s 3 leading exhibitions for the agricultural sector all have their roots in the first DLG exhibition of 1887:
- die Agritechnica - International Exhibition for Agricultural Machinery
- die EuroTier - The world’s top event for animal production
- die Anuga FoodTec - International Exhibition for Food and Drink Technology
These three exhibitions are the world’s largest and most important industry events for their respective sectors. Together they cover the entire field of professional agricultural production and food processing. They are the platform for launching the chief innovations and further developments of the industry.
The DLG Field Days and Potato Europe round off DLG’s current portfolio of agricultural specialist exhibitions in Germany.
Through its subsidiary DLG International GmbH, DLG also organizes other exhibitions in the USA, Russia, Italy, Poland, Romania and Turkey.
In 2006 the BioEnergy Europe exhibition was established, sharing dates and venue with EuroTier. In 2010 the BioEnergy Europe exhibition developed to become BioEnergy Decentral. It is the world’s largest exhibition for technology and services connected with the topical subject of bioenergy and the new name reflects its consistent advancement in the direction of decentralized energy supply.
At the now tenth EuroTier in the year 2012, altogether 2,428 exhibitors (1.146 international) occupied a hall floor space of 250,000 sqm. Of these BioEnergy Decentral accounted for 477 specialized companies and a further 210 firms whose exhibits are of interest to both animal farmers and bioenergy producers. The programme attracted a total of around 160,000 visitors (37.600 international), over 38,000 of whom were interested in the bioenergy sector.
The next EuroTier (including BioEnergy Decentral) will be held from 11 to 14 November 2014.


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Earthjustice Attorney Greg Loarie discusses his work to get a toxic pesticide known as sulfoxaflor off the market, due to threats it poses to honeybees. Over the last few years, honeybees, which pollinate billions of dollars of U.S. crops annually, have been dying at unprecedented rates. Studies suggest that toxic pesticides like sulfoxaflor may be partly to blame. Greg works in the California regional office and spoke with Associate Editor Jessica Knoblauch in August of 2013.


Spring Garden Ideas
Spring Garden Ideas – Spring is officially here, which means many gardeners are well into setting up their garden space. So what are the most common spring gardening ideas and trends of 2022? We’ve uncovered some ideas straight from the experts that you’ll see popping up this year.
With so many different types of gardens to choose from, it can be hard to know where to start. Whether you live in Charleston, SC and want a lush flower garden in your backyard, or you live in Portland, OR and want an edible garden to grow your zucchini, tomatoes and herbs, there’s a style for you. Here are the best spring gardening ideas of 2022 and tips on how to get them for your home.
Spring Garden Ideas
Vertical gardens that grow in woven felt material become living architectural elements that increase the experiential value of a space. Customers are so excited to transform their homes and workspaces into gardens that create healthy air and bring a sense of calm tranquility to their lives. Our vertical gardening system is Florafelt because it is so versatile that plants can grow without restrictions in hydroponic materials to become a living ecosystem. With the changing planter grid, you can explore almost any plant material and it is made entirely from recycled plastic water bottles. Even a vertical garden benefits greatly from constant change and evolution under expert care. Trimming back growth or adding some new understory plants to add a deeper dimension to our work. Automatic irrigation takes care of watering, and we add a level of nutrition to enhance the natural beauty of plants and encourage flowering to bring surprises of color and delicious aromas. – Vivid green design
Top Spring Gardening Ideas For 2022
A great way to brighten up any entryway or patio area is with container flowers. There are a variety of container styles from ceramic, wood, plastic and stone. The key is to use good container potting soil – there are great options at most greenhouses. There are many flowers that you can use, however, it is important to determine if the area is mostly sunny or mostly shaded before deciding which flowers to use. The container design should include a thriller, a filler and a player. An example of this would be a spike of dracaena in the middle, geraniums and marigolds around the spike, and waves of petunia around the edges to cascade over. – Amy Clements, owner of Amy’s Gardening Services
In an effort to be more self-sufficient, offset the increase in food costs and use a lot of space, my husband and I decided to try planting a vegetable garden in the unused space behind our garage. I planted an herb garden closer to the house in a small plot of negative space between our fence and the deck. Not only did we enjoy checking our bounty every day, but it was a lot of fun working together to learn how to make our own sausages, tomato sauces, and pickled beets (my husband’s favorite), all enhanced by our own garlic and herbs. It’s been a blessing to have a pantry full of flavorful sauces, dried herbs, and more, all winter long. – Discover upstate New York
For us, growing your own fruit trees is a gardening trend that just keeps on giving. We grow our lemons in a container on our front porch. There really is nothing more satisfying than making a delicious lemon wedge cake or a fresh glass of lemonade with your own lemons. If you are trying to grow a lemon, we recommend giving it plenty of sunlight and a slightly acidic, well-drained soil. – The Magnolia Company
Vertical gardens are a great way to add greenery to any space, the Cortiça 32 Cork Living Wall System, a modular indoor/outdoor living wall system that uses natural cork, makes it easy for anyone to install. Find a system that is perfect for indoor and outdoor spaces and can be used in commercial or residential environments. – Garden of Cortiça
Spring Garden Hacks From A Professional Landscaper
Be creative when selecting materials and techniques for your vertical garden – think beyond premade trellis, netting or bamboo poles. Using cattle fence panels, for example, can be a quick way to build a strong vertical structure for several crops in a row. Once established, they continue to weave the stems, otherwise the vines would not be able to weave on their own. Be sure to keep the plants watered and fertilized. One of the main advantages of vertical gardens, in addition to an easy and great way to harvest, is the reduction of soil diseases and air circulation. Growing tall can help you make the most of your gardening space by tapping into the potential of vertical space above your garden or container gardens. Gardening in all three dimensions increases the available growing area, increasing yield potential for gardens of all sizes. – All the selections of America
Vertical gardens are a great way to maximize the number of plants you can grow, especially in smaller spaces. Even in a small space like an apartment balcony, you can still grow a variety of plants. You can also maximize the sunniest indoor areas of your home by choosing a vertical garden, with a few options available. Whether you’re building a large structure from scratch or simply hanging clay pots on a wall with pot clips, there are vertical garden DIYs for every skill level. Whichever approach you choose, try to stack the plants on top of each other rather than stagger them. In this way, when you water the plants on the top, the excess water drains out of the holes of the pot and water the plant below. – by Brittany Goldwyn
Place herb and vegetable containers near the kitchen so you can pick out ingredients like cherry tomatoes, tarragon, chives and cucumbers when you make dinner. Other popular ideas are planting peonies, dahlias, roses and hydrangeas. The shade and forest garden also has a lot of potential and is not as difficult as it seems. – Andrew Maynard, head gardener at Fauntleroy Gardening Co.
Vertical gardens have many benefits. They provide more vegetation while using less space because they grow vertically instead of horizontally. Vertical gardens also add beauty, convenience and privacy to your space. Growing vine plants vertically also allows for better air circulation around the plants. This prevents fungi and disease from stagnant water on the leaves. – Vinayak Garg, Founder of Lazy Gardeners
Spring In Mary’s Garden
Vertical gardens are an innovative and non-traditional way to grow more plants in less space. Biophilic green walls are a growing interest in the design world, adding a wow factor to a room without compromising valuable space. There are free-standing and wall-mounted options depending on your flexibility. Freestanding options are also used as functional furniture, while wall-mounted options can span up to 20 feet in height and act as organic art. Both options can be watered and maintained on a weekly basis, but larger green walls typically utilize internal plumbing and are capable of self-watering. Plant varieties can vary and be designed to create exciting designs that have a long list of benefits, such as increased productivity and a quieter environment, while also purifying the air. – McKenzie Schweitzer, Account Executive, Plantscape Live
Vertical gardens save space and require less grass, soil and effort. They can also be used as a fence or to hide unsightly views. Because they grow and not outside, it provides much more space to grow a variety of vegetables and plants. – Yours and Dean
Julia is part of the content marketing team and enjoys writing about real estate and design trends. His dream home is a charming beach with lots of light.
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Erin’s New Hampshire Garden
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If you use a screen reader or have trouble reading this website, please call Customer Service for assistance at 1-844-759-7732. Planting a tree is not a huge effort. This is one of the best projects you can do for your spring landscape. Plus, once the tree is established, that’s how low maintenance a landscape can be, and the difference it can make to your yard lasts for decades. The key is to choose a tree that adds interest to your landscape in the form of color, shape and texture.
There are a ton of trees to choose from, but to play it safe, try a Japanese maple. Many are suitable for most any climate. All offer color, shape and texture that can enliven any landscape.
One, the Mikawa Yatsubusa, is a dwarf version that looks like a tie-dye shirt when it changes colors in the fall. You won’t miss the color then!
Best Spring Garden Ideas To Bring Color To Your Outdoor Space In 2022
Mulch is one of the easiest ways to add color and texture to the entire garden. “Next to a green lawn, coffee-colored mulch is a great contrast,” says Paul Friend, owner of Sun Valley Landscaping in Omaha, Neb.
If a dark roast is not your thing
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We have a lovely pond in our backyard built by Stan, so he was the one asked to create a water feature for the "relaxing area" of the garden. Here it is in progress - he has to mount a solar panel for the pump, as there's no electricity there. He says it's not arranged yet - I'll post a photo later when it's completed.
While it was raining yesterday, we went to Lowes to buy some plants. They come in convenient compostable pots now, so instead of having plastic pots to recycle, you just plant the whole thing. Of course, it was after planting that I read the fine print, and had to dig them back up to tear the bottoms off the pots. Later we'll add carrot seeds and a couple of tomato plants.
Up until this year, Stan has been the gardener in our family, and I have just enjoyed harvesting as needed. This year I'll help too, as I'm retired now and have no excuse.
Here's our plot, before and after the work we did today. We just moved to this plot this year, as it is sunnier than our old one that was in the shade on the other side. The prior gardener left some rhubarb, so maybe we'll get a pie later in the year : )
I also planted a few primroses in the pot by our front door for some spring color.
Remember the Aerogardens I wrote about earlier? Here they are at 5 weeks. The tomatoes have been pruned and are doing great. The herbs are slower. Both of the light bulbs in the older garden went out at the same time, and we only had one replacement bulb. I was unwilling to pay for overnight shipping, so the herbs on one side had to wait for the new bulb to arrive. Basil is hard to grow outdoors, but it is the best herb in the Aerogarden - we pruned it the other night and put it in our spaghetti sauce. That scraggley one at the right is dill - it grew very long stems before getting any leaves, but seems to be perking up.


The 11-meter seven-layer oven is being shipped, which can be used for drying treatment of granular and flake materials in various industries such as puffed pet food, fortified rice,textured soybean protein, snack food, grains and vegetables.
The artificial rice processing machine adopts the broken rice, corn, millet, wheat, oats, buckwheat, bean, starch as main ingredient, and some other vitamin and mineral as part of ingredient.This artificial rice can be mixed with natural rice prior to cooking as usual. When cooking is finished, its grains are not broken and there is no difference between the artificial rice and the natural one in viscosity, elasticity and taste.
Nutritional rice production line is based on food nutritional demand and advanced technology. It has the advantages of high automatic and saving energy. This production line can adopt rice, millet, black rice, buckwheat etc. as main materials. Then it can be treated with vitamins, protein and mineral substance. After the processes of extruding, cooking and shaping, the material can be made to reinforced rice, golden rice, buckwheat rice, etc.The cooking method is same as natural rice. Even more, it is easier and more convenient.
This FRK rice production line has been exported to more than 20 countries and regions such as India、Philippines、Indonesia、Jordan、Peru、Kosovo、Algeria、South Africa and so on.Our technicial person could go the client's factory for installation and training service.


Pigeon-pea is a grain legume crop that can be a very important crop in the rural areas where it can be grown for human consumption and supplement the range of food crops available. Long-duration unimproved pigeon-pea is grown as shade plants in home gardens, where only a few long rows are planted. Today, pigeon peas are widely cultivated in all tropical and semitropical regions. Pigeon peas are a high protein dietary staple providing 20 to 22 percent of the protein where it is grown extensively (India, Myanmar, Nepal, China, and south-eastern Africa).
Novo General Trading offers you the best pigeon Peas from Africa which are the best pigeon supplied from any other country of any other African parts. The Pigeon peas offered are machine cleaned & currently exported to India, Egypt, Brazil, Jordan, Turkey etc
Impurity 0.5 % MAX
Moisture 12 % MAX
Free from Weevil
Fit for human consumption
Damaged seeds 0.5 % Max
Water Melon Seeds
Watermelon seeds, also called as ‘tarbooj ke beej‘ in Hindi are used in Asian and Middle Eastern cuisines. Roasted watermelon seeds are served as a snack or used to garnish salads. In Nigeria they are used in certain soups. Watermelon seed oil is extracted from these seeds which is beneficial for your hair and skin. Watermelon seeds are very high in protein. Watermelon seeds are also loaded with several of the B vitamins. Watermelon seeds are effective in recovering health after illness and sharpening your memory. Watermelon seeds are a great source of calories with 100 grams of watermelon seeds providing around 600 grams of calories
Novo General Trading offer you the best quality of watermelon seeds from Africa. It is grown in vast areas of land in the western region especially west and north Kordofan. 79% from the total area is cultivated where 81% is produced from the net. Currently we are exporting watermelon seeds to India, Egypt, Turkey, USA etc.
Standard specifications of the watermelon seeds:
Color white, between white and yellow, black
Moisture Max 5.9 – 9%
Size 8mm – 12mm
Splits 3 – 5 %
Oil content 50 – 51 %
Good for human use and free from any chemicals or insects. (Sound Merchantable Quality)
Novo General Trading Offers you wide varieties of watermelon seeds from Africa.
Sadir Grade- Size: between 6mm – 8mm
Farash Grade- Size: between 8mm – 12mm
Kashair Grade- Size: between 10mm – 14mm
Jumbo Grade.- Size: between 10mm – 14mm
Sesame seed is one of the oldest oilseed crops known, domesticated well over 3000 years ago. Sesame has many species, most being wild and native to sub-Saharan Africa. Sesame seeds are small. Their size, form, and colours vary with the thousands of varieties now known. Typically, the seeds are about 3 to 4 mm long by 2 mm wide and 1 mm thick. The seeds are ovate, slightly flattened, and somewhat thinner at the eye of the seed (hilum) than at the opposite end. The weight of the seeds is between 20 and 40 mg. Sesame seeds are full of high quality protein. Protein makes up 20 percent of the seed with 4.7 grams of protein per ounce.
Novo General trading offers you the best quality of Sesame seeds from Africa. Africa produces a large percentage of the world total annual exports. Novo General Trading offers you the three recognized grade of Sesame seeds and they are
- Sudanese white Sesame seed.
- White/red sesame seed.
- Mixed Sesame seed.
Specification of Sesame Seeds
- White sesame:Oil Content Min. 48%
Purity Min. 99%
Foreign matter Max. 1%
FFA Max. 2% Other color seeds Max. 2%
- White / Red sesame:
Oil Content Min. 52%
Purity Min. 99%
Foreign matter Max. 3%
FFA Max. 3%
Other color seeds Max. 3%
Fenugreek seeds are tiny, bitter, dicotyledonous seeds of herb fenugreek. Fenugreek is native to the sub-Himalayan plains of Indian subcontinent, and today, it is widely grown all over the southern and Mediterranean Europe, Middle-East Asia and northern African regions. It bears long, slender, yellow-brown pods containing about 10-20 golden-yellow color seeds. Its seeds are small, hard, and resemble tiny, multi-faceted stone-pieces. Raw seeds have maple flavor and bitter taste; however, their taste becomes more acceptable once they gently roasted under light heat.
Novo General Trading offers you fenugreek from the Asian countries which are best in qualities and at the most affordable price. The demand for Indian Fenugreek is continuously growing overseas too and warmly accepted globally. Its pleasant flavor and wonderful taste triggers common man to use Fenugreek Seeds India in his daily diet. It also purifies blood and treats all major problems related to your skin. It makes girls prettier and beautiful when consumed regularly. It is good for adults and children equally. Fenugreek seeds help reduce menstrual cramps in women, and reduce menopausal symptoms like stress, mood swings, sweating, and depression. They also help curb stomach aches, and are helpful for kidney troubles.
Green Mung Beans are an ancient superfood from Asia that have been consumed for centuries by health conscious cultures aware of their nutritional benefits. They are an all-natural plant based protein that are low in calories, low in fat, high in fiber and high in protein. Green Mung Beans can be eaten cooked or sprouted. When sprouted, they are a living food power packed with enzymes, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals.
We can supply your green mung from various countries like Africa, Argentina, Uzbekistan etc. We offer high and fine quality Green Mung Beans to our most reliable customers which are situated globally. We can supply green Mung at a very competitive rates and assured you are of the best quality.
Chickpeas are still included in the diets of some of the healthiest populations living around the world today, including those eating traditional cuisines that stem from the Middle East, the Mediterranean region, and African nations too. Second to the soybean, chickpea is next most widely grown and eaten bean in the world.
Chickpeas are a type of legume that offer a range of health benefits- helping to increase satiety, boosting digestion, helping to keep blood sugar levels stable, increasing protection against disease, and more. Chickpeas nutrition are a potent package of protein, vitamins and minerals too, which is why they are often included in many healing diets as a nourishing food.
We can offer Chickpeas from various countries like Ukraine, Africa, India etc. We offer high and fine quality Chickpeas to our most reliable customers which are situated globally. We can supply you Chickpeas at a very competitive rates and assured you are of the best quality as per the customer requirement.
Red Lentils (Masoor Dal)
Lentils have been a staple in the human diet since ancient times. A member of the same legume family that includes peas and dried beans, lentils cook quickly -- they don't require any presoaking -- and are an inexpensive, low-fat source of protein, vitamins, minerals and fiber. The dozens of types of lentils vary in color, size and texture, but are similar nutritionally.
Red lentils, which are hulled, halved yellow lentils, become extremely soft when cooked and are commonly used in curry, soups or the traditional Indian dish dal.
The de-hulled red lentils are consumed around the world in two forms which are the footballs (whole form) or in split form. The majority of lentil production and traded as red lentil which are produced mainly in Australia, Canada, Turkey, Syria, India & Nepal and export to mainly to Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Middle East, South America, North Africa & Europe.
We offer superior quality red lentils in variety of packaging for both football and split varieties from Canada. Turkey & Australia in desired quantity as per the client requirements.
Novo General Trading offer you RBD (Refined, Bleached and Deodorized) oils and fats are used in everyday items such as sauces, margarine, salad and cooking oils, french fries, biscuits, confectionery and snacks. Our vegetable oils are also used in the manufacturing of a range of industrial products such as soaps, candles and lubricants.
As a supplier of choice for Malaysia vegetable cooking oil, we undertake bulk purchasing and specialize in undertaking corporate orders for export of palm based vegetable cooking oil from Malaysia to countries such as Europe, Africa, China, Middle East, India, Korea, Bangladesh and few others.
Our company is well-experienced & active in the African market. The company exports vegetable cooking oil, 100% refined, in retail (PET bottles) and Jerry Cans, Tins boxes Etc.
We offer most competitive prices for vegetable cooking oil using our advance daily pricing system enabling our valuable partners / buyers to make timely purchasing decision using up to date information on market trends & forecasts.
There are a wide variety of cooking oils from plant sources such as olive oil, palm oil, soybean oil, canola oil (rapeseed oil), corn oil, peanut oil and other vegetable oils, as well as animal-based oils like butter and lard. Vegetable oils are triglycerides extracted from plants. Such oils have been part of human culture for millennia. Edible vegetable oils are used in food, both in cooking and as supplements.
Novo General Trading offer your vegetable oil from Malaysia and Indonesia. Malaysia Vegetable Cooking Oil is especially suitable for frying and cooking. Main applications of Malaysia Vegetable Cooking (RBD Palm Olein) include salad and cooking oils in households, industrial frying fat of instant noodles, potato chips, doughnuts and condensed milk.
Novo General Trading offer you vegetable cooking oil at a very competitive rates and with various packing. Some of the packing details are as follows.
|500 ML||24 pcs x 500 ml|
|1 Liter||12 Pcs x 1 Ltr|
|2 Liters||6 Pcs x 2 Ltr|
|5 Liters||4 Pcs x 5 Ltr|
|Size||No of Cartoons in 20’ FCL|
|2 Liters||(6x2 Liters) x 1465 Cartons|
|5 Liters||(4x5 Liters) x 1030 Cartons|
|10 Liters||2490 Units|
|20 Liters||1320 Units|
|25 Liters||1075 Units|
Novo General Trading offers Refined Sunflower Oil that is considered as an important vegetable oil. Our esteemed patrons from all over the world widely demand the oil for its pure quality and healthy to eat attributes. Refined Sunflower Oil is highly demanded in the domestic sector for cooking purpose as well as in the Cosmetic Industry.
Sunflower oil is procured from the reliable manufacturers who make use of authority approved extracting techniques. Our Oil is 100% pure and devoid of all sorts of impurities. It is packed by us in qualitative leak-proof bottles for safe and easy handling during transit. We have close and strong connections with the reckoned manufacturer who extract the Oil keeping in mind the stated quality standards and also helps us to be the capable of supplying to any location in the world at very affordable prices.
Packing: Liters (1Ltr,2Ltr,3Ltr,5Ltr,10Ltr) Jerry cans, drums or as buyer requirement.


Please check with your local Lowe’s, Walmart or Home Depot for Dragon’s Breath plants. You may also check with your local independent garden center, as they may carry them, or can order them in for you.
Dragon’s Breath celosia are annuals. Typically, an annual is a plant that does not live from year to year; but, if you live in a mild climate, there are steps you can take that may help your Dragon’s Breath survive until the next Spring:
- Bring the plants inside, if possible. If you can uproot them carefully and place them in pots and containers, that would be best.
- Trim them back and place the pots next to windows that get a lot of sun.
- If you cannot remove them from the ground, trim them back and cover them with a tarp during the night until the sun is out and they can get some warmth.
Sakata has seed and vegetative cutting distributors and brokers located throughout the United States and Canada. A list of Sakata distributors can be found on the Sakata Ornamentals website. Please contact the company of your choice for ordering information.
Many growers offer Dragon’s Breath. Please check with your preferred supplier. If you do not have a supplier, try Greenhouse Grower’s Top 100 Growers List.
Many growers offer Dragon’s Breath. Please check with your preferred supplier. If you do not have a supplier, try Greenhouse Grower’s Top 100 Growers List. Or, depending on the size of your project, please check with your local garden center, Home Depot, Lowe’s or Walmart.


2 edition of U.S. organic farming in 2000-2001 found in the catalog.
U.S. organic farming in 2000-2001
by U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service in Washington, DC
Written in English
|Other titles||US organic farming in 2000-2001.|
|Statement||Catherine Greene and Amy Kremen.|
|Series||Agriculture information bulletin -- no. 780.|
|Contributions||Kremen, Amy., United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service.|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||iv, 51 p. ;|
|Number of Pages||51|
Organic Foods Production Act of The Act that established the NOP and its authority to enforce agricultural products sold, labeled, or represented as “organic” within the U.S. Preamble. If you are interested in the history of the NOP standards, you may want to review the preamble to the final rule, which established the National. Organic Agriculture Business Ideas. And that means there are still plenty of opportunities for U.S. agriculture businesses to profit from the organic agriculture market. If you’re interested in getting involved with this growing niche industry, here are some organic agriculture business ideas to consider. Organic Produce Farm.
Organic farming also helps conserve water. Organic farmers, in general, tend to spend time amending soil correctly and using mulch - both of which help conserve water. Cotton, an in-demand crop, requires a lot of irrigation and excess water when grown conventionally. However, organic cotton farming needs less irrigation and thus conserves water. AIB • U.S. Organic F arming in USDA/Economic Research Service • 15 T able 4—Certified organic and total U.S. acreage, selected crops, T otal cer tified organic Change.
In the U.S. during the s and s, J.I. Rodale and his Rodale Press (now Rodale, Inc.) led the way in getting Americans to think about the side effects of nonorganic methods, and the advantages of organic ones. The press's books offered how-to information and advice to Americans interested in trying organic gardening and farming. Neil Frandsen Heh. After 2 months in the SW ground floor Grade 1 Classroom of the 3 story brick schoolhouse, in Coleman, Alberta, this mountain-born Albertan moved more Heh. After 2 months in the SW ground floor Grade 1 Classroom of the 3 story brick schoolhouse, in Coleman, Alberta, this mountain-born Albertan moved to his family's three-quarter-section mixed farm, and finished Grade 1 /5(2K).
Health promotion in the workplace, alcohol and drug abuse
Sterling, European Monetary Unification, and the International Monetary System.
Old country life
Authorizing the President to place Robert Smalls on the retired list of the Navy.
The Name of the Rose
Falcon and the Mirage
Revisions to Legal aspects of architectural practice
From Picasso to Pollock
Recollections of a red-headed man
royal dockyards of Woolwich and Deptford.
Historic costume for the stage
Particulars and conditions of sale of the copyhold property known as No. 4 South Grove, Highgate Village ...
development of medical science in Indonesia
MS DOS 6.2 quick start guide
John D. Youell.
Notes on George Bernard Shaws Pygmalion.
Catalytic conversion of oxygenated compounds to low molecular weight olefins
In the EU, organic certification and inspection is carried out by approved organic control bodies according to EU standards. Organic farming has been defined by the National Organic Standards of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) sinceand there are many accredited organic certifiers across the country.
“Expanding the Organic Food and Agriculture System in the U.S.'s Upper Midwest: Strategies and Lessons of a Pilot Project,” Final evaluation of the Upper Midwest Organic Marketing Project, Brookings, SD, August.
AIB • U.S. Organic Farming in USDA/Economic Research Service •. Additional Physical Format: Greene, Catherine. U.S. organic farming in adoption of certified systems (OCoLC) Online version: Greene, Catherine.
U.S. Organic Farming in Adoption of Certified Systems. by Catherine Greene and Amy Kremen. U.S. farmland managed under organic systems expanded rapidly throughout the s, and that pace has continued as farmers strive to meet consumer demand in both local and national markets.
This book is old school and hard to find, but it is probably the best book to help you understand the fundamentals of organic gardening and the principles behind it.
It was written by the Dr. Bargyla Rateaver, the preeminent expert on organic farming who started the organic method in California and organized the first organic conference. sustainable agriculture. Moreover, teaching organic farming and gardening has evolved dramatically over the last several decades.
In contrast to the very early efforts at organic farming and gardening, a substantial body of agroecological research informs today’s organic practices.
Similarly, dramatic expansion in commercial applications of. Organic farming in the U.S.: number of operated certified farmsby category Organic farming in the U.S.: average certification costs per farm / Show all statistics (6). U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data shows that farming is not just a rewarding career, but a smart and potentially financially successful career choice as well, especially if your goal is a niche area such as organic farming. It can seem a little overwhelming when you first decide to be an organic farmer, especially since the path to organic farming is different for everyone.
4 hours ago Two regions dominate U.S. agriculture — California’s Central Valley and the former prairielands of the Midwest. In both places, the massive scale of industrial farming is accelerating an.
Organic food sales in the U.S. from Growth of organic food and non-food sales in the U.S. Certified organic commodities sold by U.S. farms Major certified organic.
T wo words, more than any others, helped to spark the organic revolution in farming: "silent spring".Back in the s, when the Green Revolution's industrial-scale use of pesticides and fertilizers was helping to bring about a massive increase in crop yields, the seemingly solitary voice of science writer Rachel Carson raised a note of caution about chemicals that might be doing more harm.
projects to help organic producers with production and marketing problems and risks (Dimitri and Greene, ), and the Farm Act for the first time included several initiatives to assist organic farmers.
AIB • U.S. Organic Farming in USDA/Economic Research Service • 1 U.S. Organic Farming in AIB • U.S.
Organic Farming in USDA/Economic Research Service • iii U.S. farmland managed under organic farming systems expanded rapidly throughout the s and has sustained that momentum, as farmers strive to meet consumer demand in both local and national markets.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) imple. A LawnStarter review of data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) shows Vermont leads the country for the number of organic-certified farms perresidents.
The state had organic-certified farms inor 89 perresidents, making it the country’s runaway winner when comparing a state’s number of organic farms. Disadvantages of Organic Farming. Incompetent – The major issue of organic farming is the lack of Inadequate infrastructure and marketing of the product.
Less production-The organic farming products are lesser in the initial years as compared to the chemicalthe farmers find it difficult to accommodate large scale production. Shorter shelf-life-Organic products have more flaws.
U.S. Organic Farming in Adoption of Certified Catherine Greene and Amy Kremen, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Resource Economics Division, Agriculture Information Bulletin No.
Abstract U.S. farmland managed under organic farming systems expanded rapidly throughout the. Get this from a library. U.S. organic farming in adoption of certified systems.
[Catherine Greene; Amy Kremen; United States. Department of Agriculture. Resource Economics Division.]. The National Organic Program regulates the current U.S. organic food and agriculture market, but states started adopting organic regulations in the s.
This book examines the diffusion of state organic food and agriculture legislation from – and identifies the consequences for state involvement in this policy domain. J.I Rodale, founder of the Rodale Research Institute and Organic Farming and Gardening magazine, is commonly regarded as the father of the modern organic farming movement.
Beginning in the s, Rodale provided the main source of information about "non-chemical" farming methods and was heavily influential in the development of organic production methods. Organic farming is an agricultural system which originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.
Certified organic agriculture accounts for 70 million hectares globally, with over half of that total in Australia. Organic farming continues to be developed by.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service reports that "organic farming is one of the fastest growing segments in U.S. agriculture." Because many consumers are turning to organic products to support a healthier lifestyle, organic farmers can collect a greater share of consumers' food dollars than traditional growers do.Downloadable!
U.S. farmland managed under organic farming systems expanded rapidly throughout the s, and that pace has continued as farmers strive to meet consumer demand in both local and national markets.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) implemented national organic standards on organic production and processing in Octoberfollowing more than a decade of. Enhanced with more than illustrations (most of them photographs), this book represents an invaluable resource for organic gardeners, farmer, and conservationists.
It remains "one of the richest sources of information about peasant agriculture [and] one of the pioneer books on organic farming." — The LastWhole Earth s:


Orange County Awarded $25,000 Grant From The Governor's Agriculture and Forestry Industry Development (AFID) Fund Infrastructure Grant Program
ORANGE COUNTY, Va. – Last week, Orange County received a $25,000 grant award from the Governor’s Agriculture and Forestry Industry Development (AFID) Fund Infrastructure Grant Program to assist Piedmont Processing, LLC. with a freezer expansion.
The Governor’s AFID Fund Infrastructure Grant Program supports strategic investments into missing infrastructure that is impeding small-scale farmers and food producers from growing their operations. This 2:1 matching grant will allow Piedmont Processing, LLC. to increase its cooler space by 40%.
“Orange County is pleased to be able to support its agricultural community. This grant not only supports Piedmont Processing’s operation but also the 75 to 100 local producers that rely on the facility to process their meat locally.” noted Orange County Administrator, Theodore L. Voorhees.
The Orange County Office of Economic Development worked to successfully secure the competitively awarded grant. A total of 11 projects across the Commonwealth were awarded funding. The Governor’s official press release is available at: https://www.governor.virginia.gov/newsroom/news-releases/2022/june/name-934635- en.html.
For more information, please contact the Orange County Office of Economic Development at (540) 672-1238.
Read more here.


There are only three Super Premium Coffees in the World, and Alto Grande has the distinct privilege of being one of them. This coffee has been described as having a “bright sparkling flavor” and “a heavy body flavor with a fragrant aroma and a pleasant aftertaste.
For over 150 years Alto Grande coffee has been grown and processed at the Alto Grande Hacienda in Lares, Puerto Rico. Lares is found deep in the central mountains of Puerto Rico which has a climate conducive to growing coffee. Alto Grande coffee is comprised of only the finest Grade A Arabica coffee beans. They certify the authenticity of this never-blended coffee and guarantee its origin since they control it from the bean up to your hands.
When we talk about coffee, like when we talk about food, we have to distinguish grades of quality; and in the same manner that there are simple and haute cuisines when speaking of meals, so are there coffee grades which gourmets know how to ask for by traits such as aroma, body and flavor.
What makes a coffee worthy of the Super Premium label?
The reasons are many. The highest quality coffee comes from a variety of shrub known as Arabic. They are delicate shrubs that only grow in humid climates, high in the mountains of the tropics. Each Arabic tree only produces one pound of coffee a year; a limited production, but of an unsurpassable quality.
Arabic shrubs arrived on the island in 1736. These beans are chosen by hand and are gathered when they are the ripest. The same day they are picked off the shrub, the pulp is separated from the coffee bean and it undergoes a rigorous and special cleaning, drying and classification process. The final stage is what makes a coffee Super Premium the coffee producer who roasts, grinds and packs it. An optimum quality is what makes our Super Premium Coffee stand out -- a coffee we guard very carefully from the time it is harvested until it is vacuum-packed, keeping it as fresh as the same day it was roasted.
The Hacienda Alto Grande, in the mountains of Lares, still keeps a true tradition of quality which has given Puerto Rican coffee its prestige among true coffee connosseiurs throughout the most prominent world capitals.
The Garrido name is your guarantee for this exceptional coffee. It is the commitment to a tradition of quality which has been the pride of The Garrido family for generations. Each structure in a coffee estate solved a problem in the production of coffee.
The traditional coffee estate was composed of a large house, a machinery house, a warehouse and a courtyard to dry the coffee.
The large house was where the Estate's owner and his family resided. Manufacturing the coffee was carried out in the lower level of the house, underneath the family's dwelling.
The machinery included the coffee processing machine and wash tank. By mid 19th century, the biggest estates had their own store, called "Tienda de Raya," which sold provisions to the peons.
The big estates needed many mules to transport the recently-picked coffee beans to the estate where the process of elaboration began.
The primary material used in the estates was local wood, carved with a rustic look. The wood used for walls and floors were fastened with wood blocks. During the 18th century, roofs were of straw or tile, and by mid 1800's, using zinc for roofs and walls began.
Coffee is the product with which our people have most identified, and it is extremely important to the Island's social, economic and cultural history.
Disuse, fragility of materials, and weather have caused most of the 875 coffee estates that existed in 1899 to disappear. For the most part, the only thing remaining are the courtyards, and a few pillars which helped support the big house or the machinery house. There are few remaining today, one of which is Hacienda Alto Grande in the mountains of Lares.
The concrete courtyard, called "glacils", is used for drying the coffee and is in front of the machinery house.


A beautiful landscape isn’t only made of perfectly designed and planted flower beds, but a well-cared-for lawn. At Schockemoehl Landscaping, we can help you decide on the best species of grass for your soil type and moisture levels.
We can sow the seed and cover with straw or grass mat to ensure germination and growth the first time. Need a lot of grass in a little time? We have sod installation services as well.
WHAT OPTIONS DO I HAVE FOR STARTING A NEW LAWN?
- best for larger properties
- we bring our equipment to help aerate your topsoil to improve seed dispersal and germination
- straw and straw mat can be added to help coverage and protection of seeds
- takes longer to establish
- may require spot-treatment and reseeding
- best for smaller areas
- we install and help you with a maintenance plan for best results


Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture
According to UN Food and Agriculture Organization, the population will increase by 2 billion by 2050. However, only 4% additional land will come under cultivation by then.
In this context, use of latest technological solutions to make farming more efficient, remains one of the greatest imperatives. While Artificial Intelligence (AI) sees a lot of direct application across sectors, it can also bring a paradigm shift in how we see farming today. AI-powered solutions will not only enable farmers to do more with less, it will also improve quality and ensure faster go-to-market for crops.
In this article, we will discuss how AI can change the agriculture landscape, the application of drone-based image processing techniques, precision farming landscape, the future of agriculture and the challenges ahead.


The extended abstracts will publish in the conference proceeding in CD which will be included in the conference bag. Sample for extended abstract for iSPOCM 2021 conference please click: SAMPLE
The full papers of the conference will publish in number of peer reviewed International Scientific Journals, the format of the papers will be according to the journal which the paper will publish in.
Name of the journals which will published the conference papers
Future of Food: Journal on Food, Agriculture and Society (indexed in Scopus and Emerging Sources Citation Index®-Web of Science)
World Journal of Agricultural Sciences
International Journal of Sustainable Agriculture (IJSA)
More scientific journals will add to the list in the near future


About Krishi Star
Currently, rural farmers in India are trapped in an economic environment where they have little ownership of the value chain and little access to higher margin markets. This means they have unstable and low incomes. We’re here to change that.
We’re on a mission to end poverty for the 200 million smallholder farmers in India.
Krishi Star’s vision is to improve lives for smallholder farmers while catalysing and building inclusive, sustainable, and healthy food value chains in India
Our model is End-to-End
1) Production - Direct sourcing from farmers and Micro-Entrepreneur Livelihood Training
2) Supply Chain - Traceability, Quality Control, Distribution and Storage Options
3) Demand - Impact Pillars focused on: Sustainability, Inclusivity, Health & Wellness, Farmer Impact


Pomegranate, the fruit of the pomegranate tree (Punica granatum) is a fruit which cultivation and consumption comes from Ancient Times. Originally from Middle East and Asia Minor, the fruit was already domesticated in Iran around 2000 B.C. For the Greeks, the pomegranate was a symbol of fertility; for Jews, it symbolized the hope for a prosperous new year; but to Romans, the fruit meant order and wealth. The pomegranate tree is a tree that can reach between 5-8 m tall and fits very well to tropical and subtropical climates, being able to develop even in semi-arid climates. Pomegranate is a round berry formed by an edible red pulp and numerous seeds which spontaneously opens when it reaches maturity.


Greenhouse plastic is primarily accountable for keeping a hothouse impact within a greenhouse. Greenhouse plastic develops a warm and ideal growing environment that allows different kinds of plants to cultivate beautifully. It produces an enclosure that safeguards plants from the damaging ultraviolet rays of the sun while making the most of its natural heat and light. The filtered environment produced by greenhouse plastic makes it possible for garden enthusiasts to grow luscious plants like veggies and flowers in the cold dead of winter season.
Greenhouse plastic is clearly developed to resist wear and tear unlike traditional building and construction plastic that can not filter ultraviolet rays from the sun. Greenhouse plastic is resilient due to its knitted style that enables it to be cut and sized to meet the needed length for a structure without fraying, tearing or ripping. The product can quickly be framed around any greenhouse opening like a vent, door or windows.
Greenhouse plastic is the favored covering of a lot of garden lovers compared to other types of greenhouse covering. At the very same time costs are greatly minimized when greenhouse plastic is used since it light-weight and does not require durable structural framing. The diffusion of light into a structure built of greenhouse plastic is as good as that of a glass greenhouse.
Kinds Of Greenhouse Plastic
Greenhouse plastic movies are typically made from three types of plastics particularly, PVC or polyvinyl polyethylene, chloride or pe and greenhouse cost copolymers. Although, there are other kinds of plastic used these 3 are most extensively utilized among all.
Polyethylene greenhouse plastic is available in two types, the utility grade and the industrial grade greenhouse plastic. Energy grade polyethylene greenhouse plastic is sold at local hardware stores and typically remains in great condition for virtually a year. Commercial grade polyethylene greenhouse plastic last longer that energy grade PE up to eighteen months and is treated with ultraviolet inhibitors that filter out ultraviolet rays.
Innovative additives presented into greenhouse plastic enable it to mimic the same effects of a glass greenhouse at significantly decreased expenses. Polyvinyl chloride is more costly compared to polyethylene however this type of greenhouse plastic can last up to 5 years.
How to Attach Greenhouse Plastic to Frame
When the frame has actually been built it is time to put on the greenhouse plastic movie to confine the whole structure. Before laying the greenhouse plastic covering on the frame it is essential to mask the joints of the frames with several rounds of tape or a rubber material to avoid it from puncturing the covering.
The greenhouse plastic movie can be protected in location utilizing a staple weapon. A more rigid building and construction using 1" by 2" wood strips and wood screws can also be utilized to protect the greenhouse plastic movie in location. The wood strips are connected to the frame so that the greenhouse plastic movie does not come in direct contact with the frame.
Air is presented into the framed plastics that produce a dead air zone, which can effectively insulate the entire greenhouse. Various tapes like poly patching tape and batten tape can be utilized to secure greenhouse plastic into place.
Its excellent holding strength and wide tape make a perfect for securing the plastic movie to the frame of the greenhouse. On the other hand batten tape can be fastened the plastic movie utilizing staples or tacks to the greenhouse structure.


It is a dream for a number of people to have their own garden and while is easy to people who live in the country side to grow a garden outside the people who live in the city find it very difficult to have a lot of space in an apartment. If you have your own plant but you don’t know what to do about it then one of the best things to do is get a grow tent into your home today. If you haven’t heard about it grow tent yet then you really need to go online and check what this beautiful grow tent is all about.
With a grow tent you can grow some of your favorite fruits and vegetables inside your house without having to worry about what the weather conditions are like outside. A grow tent is a self sustaining tent that can help you grow as many fruits and vegetables as you like without having to worry about how you are going to grow them indoor. This can come in various houses so even if you have a really small space you will manage to find the tent that fits into your space perfectly. You should try the 20% off on grow tents deal today to save more money.
One of the best things about grow tent is that because it does not take up too much space you can put it into a small closet style as well and manage to grow at least 3 or 4 plants at a time. Apart from the fact that you need the space to keep your tent there is nothing else that you have to worry about. It uses energy and it has light that provides these plants with the required amount of sunlight that they need in order to grow and this makes the plant stay healthy.


This is shared via the Campus Community Garden.
The Campus Community Garden Garden News Are you snacking in the garden or elsewhere on campus? We would love for your food waste to go into our Green Cone Composter! This green cone composter is specifically for food waste and is located in the native flower bed in the center of the garden. It will break down your food scraps including meat/bones, cooked food, and dairy. (Please don’t add grass or plant clippings!) A more comprehensive list of accepted items is posted on the cone and a fact sheet about how it works is posted on the bulletin board. Weekly work parties Tuesdays 3:30-5:30pm Thursdays 5:30-7:30pm Join us this week to transplant hops and bush beans, flip compost, weed the squash bed, and collect lupine seeds. EVENTS AT THE GARDEN Weekly Meditation Tuesdays from 12:30-1:15 Meet at the garden, bring yourself and something to sit on if you’d like. Contact Miranda from the UVic Meditation Club for more info at firstname.lastname@example.org Outdoor Theatre: The Lorax! June 26-27, 2015 Gates at 12:45, Show starts at 1pm Free admission Theatre students will be performing a live adaptation of The Lorax written by Dr. Seuss and adapted by Devon Goldie. This will be fun for all ages, especially for little gardeners and the young at heart. Plant your very own seed and take it home after the performance! Please bring sunscreen/waterbottle/hat to stay cool and hydrated. Event poster on our website. Happy snacking and composting! The Campus Community Garden at the University of Victoria
For more information visit the Community Garden online here.
Or contact the Communnity Garden at email@example.com


JoAnn K. Misra Seed Library
Our seed library is a collection of open-pollinated and heirloom seeds that you can borrow to plant and grow at home. At the end of the growing season, return seeds to help grow our library!
How to Borrow Seeds
Step 1: Take the Seeds
Seeds for browsing are located near the Digital Services desk in Adult Services. Find seeds that work with your experience level and growing space. Sign your name, email, and seeds chosen in the Checkout Notebook.
Please limit your selection to 10 packets so more can participate.
Step 2: Grow the Seeds
Take into consideration whether you will be growing with the intention to save seeds this year and leave some of your harvest to continue to mature depending on that seed variety's needs.
Easy seeds to save include: tomatoes, beans and peas, some annual and biennial herbs, lettuce, peppers, and miscellaneous greens.
Step 3: Return the Seeds
Return seeds in a sealed and labeled envelope with your name, email, and name of seeds to the Digital Services desk.
We accept seeds that are open-pollinated or heirloom, because seeds from these plants will be viable in the next year. If you do not know if your seeds are open-pollinated, please note that on the envelope.
What Seeds are in the Library?
It changes all the time, as more seeds are donated, and as seeds are checked out.
Do I Need to Donate Seeds in Order to Use the Library?
Nope! If you don’t have any seeds to share, you can still take seeds.
How Do I Save Seeds?
Here are some helpful websites to visit to help you save and grow your seeds:
- Seed Savers Exchange
- Crop Specific Seed Saving Guide
- Richmond Grows (Well Known Public Seed Library)
- SeedSaving Ambassadors’ Seed Saving Zine
- MSU Extension Master Gardeners (Smart Gardening Guides)
- MI Seed Library
Looking for more info on seed saving? Find a book in the collection with our Recommended Reading List.
For questions about the seed library please direct your email to: firstname.lastname@example.org.


Daily until June 21
5380 3/4 University Dr.
Weekdays: reservations required
Weekends: reservations not required
Saturday/Sunday: 9:30am, 11am, 1pm, & 2:30pm
Arrive 15 minutes before your selected tour time.
$13/person, kids under 2 are free
Discounts are available for groups of 10 or more.
In an hour-long tour, visitors take a wagon ride around 30 acres of Tanaka Farm land to gain insight on how different fruits and vegetables are grown. The mini-agriculture lesson continues with a sampling of vegetables and fruits that are picked along the way.
The tour culminates with strawberry picking, an activity open to kids and adult participants. Best of all, you get to eat what you pick!


Production of cannabis and cannabis family plants require certain agronomic knowledge - said the Minister of Environmental Protection and Agriculture Levan Davitashvili.
According to him, in countries where it is legally allowed to produce herbaceous plants, it happens according to special conditions.
The Government of Georgia has already started to discuss marijuana cultivation. The Prime Minister said at today"s government session, the regulations concerning marijuana consumption, planting, export and medical use.
According to Giorgi Kobulia, the Minister of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia, the Government of Georgia has followed experience and practice of European advanced countries.
Ivane Machavariani, the Finance Minister of Georgia says that the export of marijuana will bring a solid income.
" I do not rule out that marijuana will top the export list soon," said Machavariani.


Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture ISSN: 2229628X
Doctor’s Krishi Evam Bagwani Vikas Sanstha (Doctor’s Agriculture and Horticultural Development Society) is a Government Registered Organization with the objective of bringing new Agricultural and Horticultural Technology by ‘Eco-friendly’ approaches.It has been observed that use of pesticides have been the main mode of control of pests and they are still in use on large scale as preventive and curative measures.The excessive and indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers has resulted in serious environmental pollution, destruction of natural enemies, and development of resistance to these chemicals and residue hazards etc. Therefore, the needs to phase out the use of these chemicals are now taking momentum. The research priorities in many developed countries have fundamental shift from chemical to non-chemical methods which are more ecologically sound and economically secure.Keeping the above in view the Doctor’s Krishi Evam Bagwani Vikas Sanstha, Lucknow envisage to bring out a bi-annual journal “Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture” where in all latest research information on organic farming will be published from all over the country and abroad. The publication of original research pokers in this journal will provide opportunities to research workers to accelerate their work in this specialized on eco-friendly approaches.
International Journal of Global Science Research (IJGSR) ISSN No. (Online) : 2348-8344
The International Journal of Global Science Research (IJGSR) is a one-stop, open access source for a large number of high quality and peer reviewed journals in all the fields of Bioscience and Environmental sciences. Scientists and researchers involved in research can make the most of this growing global forum to publish papers covering their original research or extended versions of already published conference/journal papers, scholarly journals, academic articles,etc.
IJGSR is Open access, Peer-reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Worldwide, Biannual, Bilingual, Multidisciplinary Academic Research Journal
Our esteemed Journal, International Journal of Global Science Research, indexed in:
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Main Article Content
Fatty acid methyl esters can be obtained from the synthesis of vegetable oil with methanol using a base catalyst. Vegetable oil has potential as biodiesel feedstock, the methyl ester character of various vegetable oils is different, for example from sunflower seed oil and olive oil. The synthesis of methyl esters by conventional transesterification reactions generally takes 1-2 hours. The purpose of this study was to synthesize methyl esters from sunflower seed oil and olive oil with a KOH catalyst and to determine the yield and its characteristics. This research is a type of laboratory experimental research. The research was carried out in 3 stages which included (1) determination of the free fatty acid content (ALB) of the oil, (2) transesterification of the oil with methanol and potassium hydroxide as a catalyst, and (3) characterization of the synthesized methyl ester which included density, viscosity, and number. acid. The results showed that the yield of methyl esters synthesized by transesterification reaction of sunflower seed oil was 95.61% and the yield of methyl esters synthesized by transesterification reaction of olive oil was 95.09.%. The methyl ester characters synthesized from sunflower seed oil are, density of 0.906 g/mL, viscosity of 5.035 cSt, acid number of 1.21 g KOH/g. The methyl ester characters synthesized from olive oil by transesterification reaction are density of 0.909 g/mL, viscosity of 12.203 cSt, acid number of 0.629 g KOH/g.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


A farming student recently shared how a farmer he worked for got revenge on a greedy landowner who wanted to rip him off. The farmer outsmarted the landowner’s plans and amused the students who had helped him. Here’s what the student had to say.
He Lived Near Farmer’s Schools
During high school, the man lived in an area surrounded by many big farms. These farms mostly grew cotton, and as part of their school studies, students like him would spend time in the fields, doing tasks like plowing, planting, and harvesting.
There Was a Huge Cotton Farm Nearby
One of the farms close to the school was a massive 1000-acre farm, which mostly grew cotton. The farmer rented this land from owners who lived in another state, and he would give them a part of the money he earned from selling the cotton. Cotton was a crop that took nutrients from the soil, which meant the next crop wouldn’t be as good if you didn’t treat the soil. This was a crucial part of the farmer’s plan.
He Helped the Farmer
This farm had a long partnership with the school, so students like the man would work for the farmer for free. But one day, when he and his classmates arrived at the farm for work and study, the farmer told them to spray weed-killing chemicals on the fields and drive tractors to plow up the land. The farmer wanted the entire field to be just bare dirt.
They Were Shocked
They were surprised because they knew their actions would make the land unviable to grow crops, which seemed strange. But they did what the farmer told them to do. It took them a whole weekend to finish the work, but when they were done, the fields looked neat and clean.
The Farmer Was Grateful
The farmer was thankful and gave each student $500 as a reward, which was a lot of money in the 90s, especially for high school students. But after a few months, rumors started spreading about the farmer and the land they had cleared.
The Landowner Thought He Was Clever
“So, apparently the landowner had decided that he was going to not renew the lease the farmer had on the land. This lease renewal just so happened to fall a few weeks before harvest season would start. Given that the average cotton farm earns about 1,500 dollars per acre, a 1000-acre farm would easily net the owner 1.5 million dollars,” he explained.
The Farmer Wanted Revenge
“Since at the time, the farmer’s lease wasn’t yet up, he decided to prevent that from happening. His act of revenge against the owner was to prevent them from cashing in on his hard work. Sure, he destroyed his farm, and he had to sell off most everything he owned to buy some property for himself, but he’d proved a point,” he said.
The Farmer Won
The landowner tried to sue the farmer and took him to court. However, because the farmer destroyed the crops while he still had the lease, the court decided in favor of the farmer.
Was the Farmer Right?
Many of the students congratulated the farmer for getting revenge on the landowner. Ultimately, the owner learned the valuable lesson never to cross someone with nothing to lose.
People Online Said This
One user said, “Great story! The farmer is a much smarter business person than the landowner!
Another said, “In the eternal battle between city folk and country folk, always bet on the country folk.”
READ MORE – Her Vindictive Mother-in-Law Called the Cops on Her for Innocently Parenting Her Baby, so She Told Her to Pack Her Bags and Get Out
A woman in her 30s recently had a baffling fight with her mother-in-law that ended with a call to the police. The woman explained she had done nothing wrong, but she couldn’t put up with her mother-in-law anymore. Here’s what she had to say.
She Forgave Her Father for Disowning Her When She Was Pregnant at 15, But Her Siblings Didn’t and Now They Want the Inheritance
A woman has asked if she was in the wrong for refusing to share her father’s inheritance with her siblings, who refused contact with him before he died, whereas she chose to forgive him for how he had acted in the past. Here is what she had to say.
An Entitled Neighbor Woke Him Up Making a Rude Demand, And His Astounding Reaction Had the Whole Neighborhood Talking
A capable young chef recently met with local anger and disapproval after a presumptuous neighbor berated him for sleeping in and demanded he help fix her sink, so he told her to get lost. Here’s what transpired.
Rude Taxi Driver Parked In His Driveway And Honked His Horn Every Single Morning, So He Set A Trap That Destroyed His Car
They say that revenge is a dish best served cold, but this man took it one step further and served his sweet revenge frozen. Here’s what went down.
Her Niece Destroyed Expensive Toys She Bought For Her Daughter, But When Her Brother-in-Law Refused to Pay, She Was Forced to Give An Ultimatum
Her brother-in-law’s child was very destructive, and he did nothing to stop her. Recently, the child damaged her daughter’s toys and clothes; she was so upset that she told her brother-in-law to pay for the damages. Here’s how he reacted.


FFA Greenhouse Selling Plants
Need a Mother's Day present?
The W-P FFA Greenhouse has beautiful vegetables and flowers for sale!
The greenhouse will not be open to the public. The PLANT SELECTION FORM is attached.
HERE'S HOW YOU CAN ORDER PLANTS: Email email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.org OR send us a personal message via Facebook OR call Mr. Gaston at the high school, 394-5700 between 8:00 am - 12:00 pm.
We will take your order and set a pick-up time for you. Our pickup times are 8:00 am, 12 noon, and 4 pm. We do ask that you pick up orders within a couple of days. Please pay by check or exact amount.
Thank you for your continual support!


Increase of erucic acid content in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) through the combination with genes for high oleic acid:
Increase of erucic acid content in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) through the combination with genes for high oleic acid: Nurtjahjo Dwi Sasongko
5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Salt Tolerance in Oilseed Rape:Ameliorating Role of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Oilseed Rape Grown under Saline Conditions Muhammad Shahbaz Naeem, Rashid Ahmad, Weijun Zhou
Effects of lipids from various oilseeds supplied in different forms on ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids in vitro and on milk production and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows:
Effects of lipids from various oilseeds supplied in different forms on ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids in vitro and on milk production and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows: Achim Hoffmann
Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the chemistry and functionality of lipid bioactive phytochemicals found in fruit oils. The chapters in this text examine the composition, physicochemical characteristics and organoleptic attributes of each of the major fruit oils. The nutritional quality, oxidative stability, and potential food and non-foodapplications of these oils are also extensively covered. The potential health benefits of the bioactive lipids found in these fruit oils are also a focus of this text. For each oil presented, the levels of omega -9, omega -6 and omega -3 fatty acids are specified, indicating the level of health-promoting traits exhibited in each. The oils and fats extracted from fruits generally differ from one another both in terms of their major and minor bioactive constituents. The methods used to extract oils and fats as well as the processing techniques such as refining, bleaching and deodorization affect their major and minor constituents. In addition, different post-processing treatments of fruit oils and fats may alert or degrade important bioactive constituents. Treatments such as heating, frying, cooking and storage and major constituents such as sterols and tocols are extensively covered in this text. Although there have been reference works published on the composition and biological properties of lipids from oilseeds, there is currently no book focused on the composition and functionality of fruit oils. Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality aims to fill this gap for researchers, presenting a detailed overview of the chemical makeup and functionality of all the important fruit oils.


We also congratulate the occupation of soil on their 1st birthday and document their anniversary text here.
On 04 May 2020 the occupation of soil in Neu-Eichenberg in Nordhessen will be celebrated for the first time! Exactly one year ago, activists occupied the field in order to get in the way of the construction of a huge logistics area. For a long time it seemed as if the privatisation and sealing of the 80 hectares of arable land could no longer be prevented. The investor Dietz AG had already signed a preliminary contract with the mayor and municipal committees were more concerned with the colour of the new logistics halls than with the future of the municipality.
Our experience shows: Resistance is worthwhile!
Despite the diverse and creative activities of the „Bürgerinitiative für ein lebenswertes Neu-Eichenberg”, the municipal council stuck to its plan. As a result, some people from the student environment of the Eco-agrar University in Witzenhausen decided to support the local resistance and take it to a new level by occupying the site. So they set out in the morning drizzle with a circus tent and field kitchen to organize a ” Ackerfest” – and then simply stay. After the first weekend, there was hope of surviving at least a week, despite the acute danger of eviction. But then came the next week, and another, and another, and in the meantime the occupation has lasted a full year. One year of occupation of the fields!
Right from the start, a lot of energy was put into building up infrastructure and social structures. Tents were put up and taken down, dishes were washed, construction carts were pulled up and around, there was plenary assembly, conflicts were fought or carried away, compost toilets, tripods and greenhouses were built and a lot of delicious food was cooked. Particularly impressive is the wooden tower, about 10 metres high, from which the entire 80 hectares can be overlooked. Thus the occupation changed with the course of the seasons and the people living on site. During all this time, a lot of heart and soul was put into keeping the occupation going.
The field is a social place of experimentation and lived utopias, where we strive for a self-organized, non-hierarchical coexistence. Already in the first summer we planted vegetables and organized a diverse cultural program with lectures, workshops, film screenings and concerts.
And the occupation as an investment risk is showing its effects: the investor mentioned at the beginning of this article withdrew at the beginning of the year because the protest had made the location “enormously less attractive” for him. We are also celebrating our first successes in terms of local politics: at the beginning of 2020, the municipal council decided to put a stop to planning for at least six months, thus providing scope to consider alternatives to the logistics area. These first partial successes were only possible thanks to strong local resistance and supraregional networking.
The struggle in the field does not take place in isolation! The occupation is largely supported by local residents and sees itself as part of the climate justice movement. Beyond Nordhessen we show solidarity with other emmancipatory initiatives, like the occupations in the Dannenröder Wald or Hambacher Forst. We also feel connected to the worldwide small farmers’ movement “La Via Campesina”, which fights against colonial exploitation and for food sovereignty, especially in the global south. We are convinced that in order to achieve climate justice and a good life for all, we must overcome the prevailing capitalist conditions. The struggle for food sovereignty is also taking place here in Neu-Eichenberg. One step in this direction is that the fertile soil will remain a common good and be used for local food supply.
With the occupation we also draw attention to the threatening sealing of arable land: Every day 58 hectares are used in Germany – this means that the sealed area has doubled in the last 60 years alone! Soils have many important functions. For example, by building up humus in the soil, carbon dioxide can be removed from the atmosphere and thus the worsening climate crisis can be mitigated. In addition, soil serves as a buffer during heavy rainfall events, as a water reservoir for dry periods and as a habitat for many organisms. The special soil quality of our arable land is also reflected in the fact that in the drought summers of recent years there has been relatively little loss of yield. Such fertile soils hold great social potential and it is high time that more political attention was paid to soil protection.
But what will happen to our field in Neu-Eichenberg? Currently, two further concepts are being discussed in addition to the logistics area, which is still not finally off the table:
A company that sells software for photovoltaic systems has come up with the idea of building a solar park on a large part of the area. This proposal also provides for a commercial area on 15 hectares – including soil sealing. Not only would the fertile arable land no longer be used for agricultural purposes, but the land would also be privatized and thus removed from any democratic control. Green capitalism is no alternative!
In contrast, the concept of the initiative “Land creates future”, in which students of agricultural sciences from Witzenhausen have joined forces with practitioners from agriculture and horticulture to design an agro-ecological alternative for the 80 hectares.
With the participation of the residents of Neu-Eichenberg, the initiative would like to shape the concrete implementation of a regenerative agriculture with further cooperation partners in the coming period. “Land creates future” pursues the goal of an integrated concept with municipal energy supply, communal living in the buildings of the adjoining domain and local food production in the centre. Its vision is to establish a “practice, demonstration and research location in order to advance rural developments and systems of regenerative agriculture (…) and to make them sustainable”.
We too feel connected to the principles of agroecology. This year, a working group has come together on the occupation, which now already grows disobedient vegetables. With this we contribute a part to our own supply and want to give away vegetables to our neighbours from Neu-Eichenberg. In addition, a few people from the region have already marked out small plots of land on our recollectivised field, which they now cultivate on their own.
All people from near and far are welcome to come by and help with the gardening. Already during the first soil cultivation a neighbouring farmer helped us – this way new exchange is created and the resistance grows.
More information about the occupation of the fields can be found here:


These herbal teas are provided by Hickory Heal Farm!
Hickory Heal Farm is full of our love for people, plants, animals, and a desire to live a holistic lifestyle. We are a Grown, Raised, and Crafted Genuine MS farm with regenerative agriculture at its core. From growing Medicinal herbs, teas, and veggies to Pastured chickens, pigs, sheep, Mini, Full-size Jerseys, and Grass-Finished Cattle. Part of the farm is Hickory Heal Gardens, a native woodland plants sanctuary of the United Plant Savers Network, to protect, educate, and reestablish medicinal plants in North East Mississippi. Our goal is to feed our family, friends, and neighbors mentally, spiritually, and physically with good things.


Generally, cotton is defined as a soft fluffy, staple fiber. When it grows it appears as a boll around the seeds of the cotton plant. Unlike wool which is gotten from animal, cotton fabric is gotten from plant source. The cotton plant is common in tropical and subtropical regions of the earth like the Americas, India and Africa. The cotton fiber is spun into yarn to make textiles which are soft and breathable. Cotton fiber is the most common these days in the textile world for making garments.
The cultivation of cotton started about seven thousand years ago by the inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization in India. This brought about the development of cotton industry in India. As time went on, the use of cotton fiber spread from India to the Mediterranean and to other parts of the world.
But during the British expansion in India, the cotton processing sector of India declined, which also reduced the dominance of India in the manufacturing of cotton fiber. This led to the uncompetitive condition of processing and manufacturing workshops in India. This was because British law forbade India from manufacturing cotton materials. They only exported raw cotton and were forced to buy cotton materials from Britain. Before long, cotton fabrics became Britain’s leading export.
The availability of African slaves also boosted the production of the cotton fabric in Britain; they were also able to manufacture spinning machines which were able to boost their cotton fabric production. The finished cotton fabrics were sent back to Europe and India on British ship.
As time went on, the United States too had their chunk of the cake in cotton fabricmanufacturing and exportation. They were able to grow cotton and it soon became a major export of the southern United State, thanks to the availability of slaves from West Africa.
Cotton cultivation requires plenty of sunshine and a moderate rainfall. It also require heavy soil, without exceptional amount nutrient
There is the occurrence of non-genetically modified cotton called organic cotton. This is the type that is grown without the use of any synthetic agricultural chemicals like fertilizers or pesticides. This type helps to promote and enhance biodiversity and biological cycles.
Cotton is used to make various fabrics like towel, which is very absorbent. It is the fabric used in making the blue denim jeans, robes and various other textile products.
Another great part of the cotton product is that it can be recycled to make another cottonproduct. But some fabrics are made from a combination of cotton and other material with which it is blended; examples of such materials are rayon, and synthetic fibers such as polyester.Cotton can be blended with elastine to make a stretchier thread for knitted fabrics.


Greenhouses allow gardeners to grow plants in cold weather. This is because the air inside the greenhouse stays warmer than the outside air. Short wavelength radiation from the sun passes through the glass, warming the interior of the greenhouse. The longer-wavelength radiation emitted does not pass through glass and is trapped in the greenhouse. This, along with the lack of mixing between the inside and outside air, keeps the greenhouse consistently warm.
On a larger scale, the greenhouse effect helps keep our planet warm. Short wavelength radiation from the sun passes through the atmosphere, warming the Earth. The longer wavelength energy is then trapped by certain gases called greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gases most responsible are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.
In this experiment, you will use two Temperature Probes to measure and compare the temperatures in model greenhouses under various conditions. In Part I, you will investigate the role of a plastic covering over the top of the model greenhouse. In Part II, you will investigate the effect of increased levels of two greenhouse gases – water vapor, H2O, and carbon dioxide, CO2.
In this experiment, you will
- Use Temperature Probes to measure temperatures in a model greenhouse and a control.
- Use the results to make conclusions about the greenhouse effect.


W-Shape blade is the next
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We produce monofilament turf fibers in dozens of different shapes. Each of our blade shapes serves a different purpose and creates a different effect for your lawn. Contact us to explore which option is best for you.


Michael Healy-Rae slams Agriculture Minister’s ‘crazy’ suggestion to ban ploughing
Healy-Rae said it is “hard for him to have any confidence in a Minster for Agriculture that would consider a ban on ploughing”
Kilgarvan TD Michael Healy-Rae has strongly criticised proposals that could see ploughing banned.
This week Agriculture Minister Charlie McConalogue has confirmed that proposals are being considered, in the face of climate change, that could see introduction of a ploughing ban and the required use of minimum or no-till cultivation techniques on carbon-rich soils. It is not known yet what lands this could affect.
TD Michael Healy-Rae said it is “hard for him to have any confidence in a Minster for Agriculture that would consider a ban on ploughing”.
"This suggestion is crazy beyond belief and it totally undermines any confidence I can have in the Minister or any people making the decisions,” he said.
“Anyone that knows anything about farming knows that it is necessary [to plough] at certain times to keep the ground fertile.
"I contend that it is good for the environment to plough and means that we can have good grazing ground. You have to renew the ground by ploughing, to get the most out of it for grazing or silage.”
He said that farmers have been ploughing for years first with horses and later with tractors and machinery.
He said he was urging the Minister not to even consider the proposal.
"It is absolutely disgraceful that an Irish Minister would consider such a proposal.”


Seed saving is becoming a lost art for the average citizen. Seeds can now be acquired at a super market, and it is convenient, but the quality is usually suspect. Also, many gardeners today prefer to have everything look good year round. When plants die, it is a special beauty not fit for all.
I have chosen to save my own seeds year after year. It is best to save the best looking pods for genetic strength. You are probably wondering where the original seeds came from. I got them from a seed company with a good reputation and mostly organic farming practices. It is important to research your seed companies and check the seed viability and fertility. Some seed "manufacturers" design seed that will not reproduce so you are required to keep buying more seed year after year. It is a travesty of the plant kingdom and human civilization.
This is why at the Institute, we will record and preserve ways to save seed and we will stock viable seed for future generations.
In order to get better acquainted, take today's quiz!
For each photo, name the plant that is beginning to die and turn to seed. You can score 1 to 11.
Answers will post later.