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1918 - A Kiwanis International organizer came to SLC on June 5, 1918. By July 11 the Salt Lake Club was organized with 50 members, by October there were 200 members. In 1957, a high point was reached with a membership of 336 men with 74% attendance. The 2007 report showed 68 members in the Salt Lake City Club.
1988 brought the organization of Capitol Hill Kiwanis Club on June 28 with 27 members. Organization of the new club was sponsored by the Bonneville Club, and spearheaded by Barney Tanner, then Assistant Attorney General. Alan Edwards was the president. Bob Draper 1st V.P. and Stephen Sorenson 2nd V.P. Steve soon became the club president. As state offices were disbursed, attendance at noon meetings became difficult for some. The club continued until the meeting place and lunch service at Plaza Grill was stopped. The club was temporarily put on hold. In 1990, Barney Tanner, our mentor, was district governor and wanted the club to continue. He asked the Kiwanian editor, J M. Heslop, (Salt Lake Kiwanis Club since 1970) to switch to the Capitol Hill Club with the assignment to help renew it. J agreed, and The Inn at Temple Square became the meeting place. Membership was only four. J visited every department in the Capitol building, and major down-town office buildings to recruiting members. Soon the membership grew to 12. The club met in the board room, and the first issue of the club bulletin came on Nov 29, 1990. It continued as a weekly bulletin until October 1997, when it became a monthly publication.


A century ago, when a nation called, men came running. Today, men and women need a reason why they should wage war. This week, Terry examines the complex, changing, relationship between persuasion and war. He’ll look at ways advertisers mobilized to help Canada in two World Wars, how the impromptu “Christmas truce” of 1914 endangered the ‘idea’ of World War I, and he’ll examine and the fascinating variety of advertising approaches nations use to recruit soldiers today.
Posted on May 24, 2008 by ageofpersuasion


Pseudonym: Stephanie Draven.
Stephanie graduated from Smith, a small women’s college in Massachusetts where—to the consternation of her devoted professors—she was unable to master Latin. However, her focus on Middle Eastern Studies gave her a deeper understanding of the consequences of Egypt’s ancient clash with Rome, both in terms of the still-extant tensions between East and West as well as the worldwide decline of female-oriented religion.
Before she wrote novels, Stephanie was a lawyer, a game designer, and a teacher. Now she uses the transformative power of magic realism to illuminate the stories of women in history and inspire the young women of today. She remains fascinated by all things Roman or Egyptian and has—to the consternation of her devoted husband—collected a house full of cats and ancient artifacts.


DHS Students Discuss Diversity
Posted on: Apr 5, 2017
Mr. Billy Russell shared his story of growing up in Mississippi during the civil rights movement. Mr. Russell spoke openly and welcomed questions about segregation, integration and the troubles our nation is facing today regarding diversity. He will return for a community discussion in the beginning of May - details coming soon.


I am a big collector of all sorts of things. Useful things, like used milk caps.
I also like to collect old postcards. They arrive to my (and my husbands!) delight neatly boxed-up from eBay on a regular basis. Sometimes, I purchase postcards directly from among the decaying remains of a lifetime in a house sale or more macabrely, from an estate sale.
Some of my favorite postcards are the ones that are both pro and con women's suffrage. For those of you who like a little history lesson with your blog reading, the women's suffrage movement in the United States was active in the early twentieth century, until voting rights were finally secured in 1920 after a long and contentious battle.
The US suffragettes were a clever group, as were the equally fascinating anti-suffragettes. The arguments from both sides are still alive today in the slogans of the many postcards used to promote each side's position. Today, these same goals are accomplished with emails and witty tweets.
I have an endlessly amusing collection of postcards from both sides of the debate, and only recently realized a few of them are Valentines Day related. I'm not sure why the holiday-tie-in, but I'm off now to see if the Internet can enlighten me.
While I search, I leave you with one of my most favorite Valentines Day anti-suffrage cards.
If she was alive today, I just know she'd have a blog.
For more vintage and suffragette Valentines, click here.


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As a species our history is preserved through the collective human consciousness; our bodies vessels for the past and the present, knowledge, memory, legends and thought. It is this inherited past that serves as the eternal and indestructible foundation of our selves; that whisper at the back of the brain that instinctively reconciles the individual with his or her place in time, history, and humanity. Memories are often incomplete, obscured, and fabricated, constantly changing in the reflection of the present. monuments to the manipulated, revered, invented, and ingrained histories that define us as a species, a culture, and as individuals.
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This chapter should be called "Joseph saves Egypt". That's basically what happened. If he had been around Egypt would have suffered like everywhere else in the famine. I wonder if God sent messages to the other leaders of the world who didn't have as good of an interpreter as Joseph and therefore their people were victims of the famine. This, of course, we cannot know, as it was not specified. However, I hope, for the sake of them that were outside of Egypt that this was not the case. I hope their were other seers and that they helped their lands get ready, too.


Starting out on a beautiful Tuesday; I am a little concerned because of the forecasted temperatures….80s today and 90s and humid the next two days! Today we go to “DUMBO,” (an acronym I have never heard). The itinerary shows a full day, one that won’t get us home till 10 tonight!
After being introduced to two interesting perspectives this morning, we trekked the streets of the Greenpoint. They told their own story as they led the way to buildings that housed businesses of the past, or that led to buildings that once stood. Other streets welcome new buildings that represent the changes going on. The streets, the shore, the buildings tell stories, if you walk with an open mind.


WHAT: A Series of Film and Discussion Events
WHERE: Andromeda Transcultural Health – 14th and Decatur, Streets, NW
Enter around the corner via 1400 Decatur Street, NW
Tuesday, October 2, 2018 6:30 – 8:00 pm
Film Title: “The Campaigns of Molly Hundley” a film about a determined teacher at Dunbar High School during the time of Jim Crow.
Friday, October 5, 2018 6:30 – 8:00 pm
Film Title: “Aunt Betty and Fort Stevens”. Elizabeth Proctor Thomas, a free woman of color, loses her farm on 13th Street NW with the Union Army places Ft. Stevens atop it.(7 min.)
Tuesday, October 9, 2018 6:30 – 8:00 pm
Film Title: “Honoring the Legacy: Testimonies of the Military Road School Alumni “.
Friday, October 12, 2018 6:30 – 8:00 pm
Film Title: “Oral Histories from the Gold Coast and the Upper 16th Street Communities”.
Showings provided by the Chowan Discovery Group, DCTV, Humanities DC and the Military Road School Preservation Trust.
About the End of the Line Partners
Andromeda’s mission is to provide access to quality healthcare under the premise that all humans are inherently of equal worth but have cultural and linguistic differences that must be considered. This philosophy reflects a high level of community health care that has been validated by over four decades of direct service to minorities
and underserved populations.
About Community Alliance for Upper Fourteenth Street (CAUFS)
CAUFS’ mission is to provide charitable and educational activities which support and engage the revitalization of the Upper 14th Street NW, Washington, DC community (between Spring Road and Longfellow Streets, to include Colorado Avenue from Kennedy Street to Longfellow Street) and are designed to: (1) inform individuals and the public and private entities within and outside this community about neighborhood preservation, history, culture, and public use issues; (2) enhance and preserve the unique and historic setting of this community; and (3) combat community deterioration.
About Uptown Main Street
Uptown Main Street is a community-driven organization that supports small and local business along 14th and Kennedy Streets NW. UMS helps make our unique corner of the city a thriving place to live, work and invest. We invite you to learn more about our organization values and review our mission and vision statements.


From Dec. 9-26, 2022, I accompanied the Dakota 38+2 Wokiksuye horseback ride, which proceded from Lower Brule, South Dakota, to Mankato, Minnesota. The latter location has the ignominious distinction of being the site of the largest mass execution in U.S. history. The event became known as the Dakota 38. I collected thousands of images, which I am now rolling out to the public at large.
History of the Dakota 38
As a result of generations of encroaching settlers causing the cessation of lands, violated treaties spanning multiple decades and starvations as a result of the Dakota being relocated to reservations devoid of game, tensions between natives and settlers reached a breaking point during the time of the Civil War. On Aug. 17, 1862, four young natives killed five white settlers in Acton, Minnesota, sparking the U.S.-Dakota War of 1862. In the following weeks, the Dakota attempted to drive out settlers from their native lands in the Minnesota River Valley, claiming the lives of 358 settlers, 77 soldiers and 29 volunteer militia members. An unknown number of Dakota were killed in the conflict, but about 2000 had surrendered or were taken into custody, the majority of whom were non-combatants or who had opposed the war altogether and had, in fact, tried to warn settlers of the incoming attacks.
President Abraham Lincoln approved the hanging of 39 Dakota men of the original 303 who were sentenced to death following hasty trials. One was later granted reprieve at the last minute.
On the morning of Dec. 26, 1862, the townspeople of Mankato gathered near the Minnesota River en masse to watch the simultaneous hanging of those 38. At 10 a.m. the square scaffolding gave way beneath the men’s feet, ending their lives with the cut of a single rope. Two Dakota chiefs were later captured and executed at Fort Snelling.
The remaining captive Dakota were kept in concentration camp conditions, leading to hundreds of deaths before their banishment from Minnesota. After being imprisoned in Nebraska, the surviving Dakota were relocated to Fort Thompson, South Dakota, which became the Crow Creek Reservation. While being relocated, the Dakota were forced to walk without shoes or proper clothing, many fearing death from the elements or by the soldiers escorting them.
The Dakota 38+2 Memorialized
Generations after the Dakota 38 hanging, Lakota dreamer and Vietnam veteran Jim Miller had a dream of a spiritual horse ride to the banks of the Minnesota River in Mankato. This ride to the Dakota homelands from which they had been banished held reconciliation and healing at its core. It entered the material world in 2005 when Miller assembled a band of riders to carry out the 330 mile trip from Lower Brule, South Dakota to Mankato, Minnesota. The 16-day journey has run from Dec. 10-26.
The Wokiksuye ride, which had culminated at its final stop at the Dakota 38 hanging grounds for nearly two decades, continued through 2022 when organizers announced it would be the final year for the original band of riders. The elders have left the door open for the next generation to continue the ride, but when I heard that last December’s sojourn may be the last, I felt I had no choice but to document it. So, On Dec. 9, I drove to Lower Brule with my cameras with the intention of mostly continuously documenting the ride and its participants with not much in the way of a plan for the photos’ ultimate distribution. Maya by blood (my last name Ek means star in Yucatec Maya), I felt some kinship with the riders and in some respect felt participating in the ride would illuminate facets of my native self of which I was not yet aware. So, my involvement was unquestionably personal as much as it was about being a raw documentary effort.
Since the ride wrapped up just a couple months ago as of my writing this, I’ve been sitting on the images and have, with guidance from Wilfred Keeble, a staff carrier for the ride, been slowly honing my collection to be displayed in print. In many ways, I am still internalized the highs and lows of my experience, but I can say that it is clear that the ride, while contextualized by history, is about the present and the future. Prayer. Healing. Growth. Fortitude. These are words that rattled in my brain while watching multiple generations of Dakota, including pre-teens and youth, brave blizzards and the uncertainty that comes with them in the name of reconciliation.
As on outsider, I thought of other words while witnessing the ride as well: protest; resistance; and education. America’s Indigenous peoples continue fighting for basic rights, a fact that was impossible to ignore when elders on the ride told stories of hardship, and the ride called resounding attention to those modern hardships. But, as I linger on the images I’ve captured and the stories therein, another word comes to mind: triumph.
So, I invite you to come along with me as I explore more images from the 2022 Dakota 38+2 Wokiksuye horse ride, a story of forgiveness, strength and animal kinship.
Gallery 333 Image Descriptions
This section of this post is meant to accompany images scheduled for display at Gallery 333 Feb. 2023 Click on each image for full captions. Read more about this collection.


Ever wonder about the history of the clock that stands in the courtyard of the Clubhouse? One of our residents did a little research and found out the following. The clock is called a Brown Street Clock made by the Brown Street Clock company from 1906 to the early 1920s.
They were made to be put in front of jewelry stores and often had the jeweler’s name on them. The head and base of the clock are made of cast iron. The dials were custom designed and the clock numbers were either Roman or Arabic style font. The early clocks had an eight-day winding clock mechanism.
The clocks sold for approximately $150 in 1915. According to a researcher’s website in a link below, there are less than 70 known Brown Street Clocks left in the nation including ours. To learn a lot more about the history of the Brown Street Clock, click here. Next time you walk or drive by our clock, at least you know it’s come a long way and it’s either 100 years old, or very near it.
Below are additional images that will showcase the clocks:


Nature of the Industrial transition There has been much remonstration to the term because the word variation suggests sudden, violent, unparalle guide alternate, whereas the transformation was, to a great extent, gradual. Some historians grapple that the 13th and 16th cent. were withal periods of revolutionary stinting change. However, in view of the magnitude of change between 1750 and 1850, the term seems useful. Dramatic changes in the social and economic structure took place as inventions and proficient innovations created the factory scheme of thumping-scale machine return and greater economic specialization, and as the drudging creation, formerly employed preponderantly in agriculture (in which production had also increased as a result of technological improvements), increasingly ga in that respectd in great urban factory centers. The same process occurred at later clock and in changed tempo in other countries. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain The groun d was prompt by the voyages of uncovering from Western Europe in the fifteenth and 16th cent., which led to a vast influx of infrequent metals from the New World, rearing prices, stimulating industry, and fostering a coin economy. Expansion of lot and the money economy stimulated the discipline of new knowledgeablenesss of finance and credit (see commercial revolution). In the seventeenth cent.
the Dutch were in the forefront financially, but with the establishment (1694) of the depository financial institution of England, their supremacy was effectively challenged. Capitalism appeared on a huge scale, and a new type of commercial entrepreneur veri! table(a) from the old class of merchant adventurers. Many machines were already known, and in that location were sizable factories using them, but these were the exceptions rather than the rule. Wood was the unaccompanied if fuel, water and wind the power of these early factories. As the eighteenth cent. began, an expanding and wealthier population demanded more and better goods. In the productive process, If you extremity to set a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com
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A digital humanities project dedicated to collecting, preserving, and displaying Orange County, California’s queer history.
Andrew Ross Exler, “Freedom of Speech at Pride,” Gay Community News 17 no. 28 (January 28-February 3, 1990): 3.
On September 9th and 10th, 1989, Orange County, California hosted its first queer pride event. Orange County Cultural Pride, as it was called, was a celebration of a decade of large-scale public activism for queer rights, and of a community that had existed in the county since it gained its reputation as a suburban utopia following World War II. Thousands of people from around the state of California, and even from across the country, attended the event in Santa Ana’s Centennial Park. Yet not everyone in attendance was there to celebrate. Standing just outside the park’s perimeter were protesters declaring the event to be sinful, immoral, and/or a danger to the community. When these protesters were met with counterprotest from radical queer rights activists on September 10th, violence soon followed, and six people were arrested. The celebration soon became overshadowed by the violence that occurred that Sunday afternoon, and rather than being remembered as a pivotal moment in Orange County history, 1989’s Cultural Pride became known to many as “Stonewall West.”
Those familiar with Orange queer might be surprised to read that it was once the host of a vibrant LGBT rights movement and “Stonewall West.” The Los Angeles suburb has gained a reputation for its conservatism and seeming heteronormativity. Unfortunately, Orange County’s queer history has been lost and obscured over the past forty years as the radical activists that once called this area home moved elsewhere, passed away, or settled down. Our goal at the OCQHP is to ensure that this history will not be lost to time.
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The 70th anniversary of the building of the SABT named after A.Navoi
Today is the 70th anniversary of the outstanding architectural structure in the city, the historical building of the State Academic Bolshoi Theater named after Alisher Navoi, designed by the most eminent architect of that time, Academician A.Shchusev.
November 6, 1947, Tashkent happily raged in the evening because of the opening a new theater.
The great and unprecedented construction was completed and a surprise – the new opera "The Valley of Happiness" by M. Ashrafi, S. Vasilenko were waiting for spectators on a new stage.
The evening that went down on the city lit torches - floor lamps on both sides of the entrance portal, lace chandeliers on the facades of the building and a fairy-tale marble palace, as the author of the project, the outstanding academician A.V.Shchusev saw it, revived and affably opened his carved doors for the first visitors.
The members of the government, public and creative figures, and representatives of all regions of Uzbekistan were Honorable guests of that evening.
Solemnly, lightly, joyfully! Probably the greatest joy was in the hearts of the builders. After all, they knew all the difficulties that had to be overcome in these 4 years. The fact that the building of the Bolshoi Theater is built in hand is not a fairy tale at all. This huge construction was built with the help of 3 primitive benches, worked out by the chief construction mechanic Yegor Trebennikov. At that time there was no construction equipment, and the best tools were the hardworking hands of the masters.
In the spring of 1943, the resumption of construction was a sign of a quick victory for people and there was no other place in Tashkent, where so much as they wanted to get at least some work. The theater attracted the masters and an excellent team quickly formed there. The old guard of highly professional masters-decorators came: Vasily Kalyakin, Mikhail Kolpakov, Vasily Yakushin, Vasily Kudryavtsev, and Stepan Tagarin, who introduced themselves as follows: "We are from St. Petersburg. We arrived here while boys with our fathers and grandfathers to build a palace for prince sent to Tashkent. We settled down here, and preserved our craft." And one day an ancient, good-looking elder man appeared at the construction site, went into the office, took out a mountain of various tools from the shoulder bag and began to explain: “I am Nikiforov Fyodor, a goldsmith master. I decorated gold icons in Vladimir and Novgorod. Probably, I'll need you here, too. And the tool is available here”. It was he who first covered the gilded theatrical chandeliers with Mordan lacquer, which he made himself.
And the master of the facade brickwork was a stone foreman Kamil Salimov, a man who combined high craftsmanship, inexorable demands for quality and genuinely folk humor, and addressing the boss, he cheerfully said: Well, close one eye, look at the seam for the entire length – you can see Moscow itself!" Its brickwork with a pressed seam 10x10 mm. is unique for today too.
And the other two masters on the contrary were silent. These are Mikhail Karabanov and Vasily Shatsky, who on primitive self-made machines organized the processing of several thousand squares of meters of oak stock onto parquet cover and spent many hours mulling over asphalt mastic for parquet work.
There were no mercenary or indifferent people at the construction site. If they did, they soon quit, because there worked many fine masters who put inspirational work and deep wisdom of professional experience into this building.
It was a hard military time, there was not enough material, but they had to build. The time has come to decor, but there were neither chalk nor dyes. Having heard about this, a carver on marble Bolta Juraev is intervened. The next morning, on the construction site, a floor oven, made of fragments of marble, was lit. Bolta conjured it over night, and then the barrels were filled with baked marble, filled with water and tightly closed. After 3 days Bolta entered the chief's office and put a plate with "sour cream" on the table, cunningly saying: "This is not to eat! We will cover walls by this. It is as good as glue or oil paint!" He burned out the marble lime, which no one knows now. Another time Bolta Juraev managed to solve the problem with a lack of marble. Marble was transported from Gazgan and its supplies were already depleted. On another trip for delivering the stone, Bolta met an old man who told him about the abandoned quarry of black marble. So, 3 blocks were delivered to Tashkent, much surprising Shchusev with such a gift. After processing, the marble began to play. It was black with white veins and golden patches. This marble was used on the upper rail of the front staircase.
All participants of this construction were like one heart and one soul. Everyone contributed to the common cause, which has become for everyone dear and close. The head of construction was the young 25-year-old Leonid Pickman, who left his memories for us, thanks to which we can look into the past. His son Eugene, after almost 30 years, carried his father's baton, directing the reconstruction of the theater in 1971-75, when the building was dressed in the usual for today outfit. Colonnades and pylons were covered with marble, and basement and stylobate – with granite. Then the realization of Shchusev's dream was completed, to which the theater building was pictured in his creative fantasy, like a huge marble chest, like fairy-tale palaces that are described in the poems of Navoi. In addition, the building became an accompanying national ornamental art. These walls and ceilings store the touch of the wonderful hands of masters, who with their highest skill reproduced in the interior decoration of the premises the original masterpieces of the ancient national carving in ganch. No wonder guests visiting our theater unanimously exclaim: "This is wonderful work! It's done for ages. What a beauty!"
Much of the architectural decor was done by the general favorite, the kind, wise master Tashpulat Arslankulov, who even taught Japanese workers to carving ganch and made them his disciples.
Opera and ballet performances developed and acquired creative maturity on the stage of the theater. These are daring productions of the Russian classics "The Queen of Spades" and "Eugene Onegin" in Uzbek in 1947-1948, and the first classical ballet “Swan Lake” in 1950, and full-fledged opera performances as “Farkhod and Shirin”, “Tokhir and Zukhra”, which are at all times the pearl of the theater's national repertoire.
The baton of the older generation of artists was borne by the masters of the middle generation. People's Artist S.Kabulova, S.Yarashev, D.Nizamkhodjaev, S.Benjaminov, I.Yusupov, V.Vasiliev, G.Khamraeva, V.Proskurina, N.Yakubova, Honored Artist A.Azimov, R.Kuchlikova, O.Kuchlikova, T.Danilova, etc. Of course, we can’t tell about all of them in a few lines!
How quickly time flies ... SABT has lived and works in the new millennium for 17 years, updating its capabilities and still retaining the status of the leading theater of our country. People of the 21st century did not forget about the uniqueness of the theater building, and in 2010-2015 a large reconstruction was carried out, which allowed not only strengthen the old basement, but also to significantly expand and update all theatrical premises.
Precious ganch and murals were also restored, and the beauty of the unique national carving once again shone for the visitors.
The building of the SABT is 70 years old!
This is a lot, and is not enough. It is a lot, because it is a whole human life. Among the workers of the theater there were and there are those who came at the very beginning and stayed in the theater for life. It is not enough, because no other theater has such an amazing, extraordinary, brief history of origin, formation and development.
What to wish to you, Bolshoi?
Perhaps, inspiration, fulfillment of creative plans and, of course, many premieres! After all, art is eternal! In our difficult age it is able to carry beauty, love and goodness to people's hearts, raise us above the ordinary problems, open the eyes of our hearts, and make us better and purer.
The material was prepared by Julia Seryakova, Head of the Museum of the SABT named after Navoi
6 ноября 2017


Rocky Ford is a Statutory City located in Otero County, Colorado, United States. The population was , at the United States Census . The community .Part of the Rocky Ford farming history spotlight belongs to settler George Swink, The name Rocky Ford, as the story goes, came from the spot where pioneers .According to our research of Colorado and other state lists, there were registered offenders living in Rocky Ford, Colorado as of ..Rocky Ford is a small town made famous for its cantaloupes. It s located around fifty miles southeast of Pueblo in Otero County. La Junta is ten miles further .


LORE Brief Timeline: -Black Mesa Incident/Resonance Cascade- 2001 Scientists at Black Mesa mistakenly opened unstable wormholes into a border dimension known as Xen. Alien flora and fauna slipped through the wormholes and arrived on Earth as well as an army of alien footsoldiers. A marine clean-up detail as well as multiple black ops agencies descended on the site, but were not able to contain the situation. Gordon Freeman stops the catastrophe by killing the Nihilanth, but not before hostile aliens were allowed to spread far and wide. -Seven Hour War- 2010 Before the people of Earth even had a chance to rebuild from the horror that was the Resonance Cascade, a second alien empire launched a successful invasion. The Combine eliminated all of Earth's armed forces in only seven hours, putting an end to billions of lives in the process. The Combine then occupied Earth and enslaved the survivors, forcing refugees to live in work camps, and forcing prisoners of war to work as involuntary footsoldiers, called Conscripts. -Air Exchange- 2012 A general name for the draining of Earth's atomosphere, as well as other vital resources such as food and water, to be used by the Combine on their own worlds. -Ascension and The Consul's Assassination- 2014 These two events go hand-in-hand. During the Combine's early occupation Earth, they relied on conscripted footsoldiers to do their dirty work. Eventually the Transhuman supersoldiers replaced the Conscripts -- by force. This betrayal was proclaimed by the Consul, a human representative to the Combine, to be an Ascension. The few Conscripts that survived managed to retaliate and assassinate the Consul, who had organized the attack. -Global Uprising- 2021 The Global Uprising occured when Gordon Freeman returned and sparked a revolution in almost all Combine occupied locations. The end result was a major war between the Resistance and the Combine, and the total destruction of City 17. During this time many other Cities fell, such as City 45 and City 18. The Resistance also managed to largely shut down the Air Exchange program. -Armageddon and Second Dawn- 2021-2022 In City 25, New York City, a fanatical alien cult from Xen and a large invasion force from dimension X invaded, drawn to an experimental power source in the City's Citadel. A large rebel group known as the New Dawn fought against these alien foes head on, before retreating inside the City, where fought alongside the Combine to keep the aliens at bay. Eventually they were forced to nuke the City and sacrifice their own lives in order to stop the invasion. Second Dawn chronicles the trials and tribulations of the New Dawn's escape from the ruins of City 25, while being persued by both aliens and a rogue Combine element known as the Combine Special Activities Division. -Haven's Stand and Out of Time- 2023 Months after Armageddon took place, the New Dawn's settlement, Haven, is attacked by the Combine. They teamed up with a rebel cell called the Fat Nargodians to push back the Combine, before embarking on a mission to stop the Combine from opening a portal to the Combine Overworld. Before the Dawn could escape, the wormhole device was activated prematurely, causing the entire site to be destroyed. -Operation Patricide and Operation Vortigore- 2023 Members of High Command abandoned their posts, the CSAD "Rogue" squad was deployed to find and eliminate them for treason. After completing this mission, Rogue squad was dispatched to eliminate a Vortigaunt leader and capture two high-profile rebel leaders, Jack Rider and Herb Samson. Though they were successful in eliminating the powerful Vortigaunt, the two rebel leaders narrowly evaded capture-- Though they lost many good men in the process. -The Overlord's Rise to Power- 2024 With all but one member of High Command eliminated, and with the Advisory's focus elsewhere, the surviving member held full control over the entire Combine military on Earth. With this power, he declared himself the new Combine Overlord, and used his military leverage to establish control over all remaining Combine territories. After this, the Overlord focused all efforts on war. Over the following months and years many settlements were completely wiped off the map. -War with No End- 2024-Present Day With the disappearance of Gordon Freeman, Alyx Vance, and the death of Eli Vance in 2021, the Lambda Movement slowly lost its foothold. Other groups were quick to take up arms, and as more and more Cities were liberated, more and more rebels came to answer the call, with groups becoming more and more organized over the years. However, after the Overlord took power, the Combine have been fighting back with all they've got. Though almost ten years have passed since the Global Uprising, humanity is still nowhere closer to regaining control of Earth. -City Eight: Refugees Welcome- 2032-Present Day After years of executing anyone who tried to enter the City, hunter choppers flew over refugee settlements across the world. Instead of bringing death, however, they brought a message: Refugees will be granted amnesty for their rebellion and will be welcomed with open arms, should they lay down their weapons and return to the Cities. Despite severe paranoia, many could no longer endure the harsh conditions of the Outlands or the realities of war, and flocked back to the Cities in droves. And to their surprise, they weren't greeted with bullets. Instead they were greeted with was a new CID card, a pressed blue shirt, a clean pair of jeans, and a hundred credits.


The Rural Parish of Holt extends to an area of 5,500 acres with a population of just over 1200 and is predominantly agricultural, forestry and sandy heathland. The Parish consists of scattered settlements - Holt village, Broomhill, Holtwood, Whitemoor, Holt Forest, Grange, Gaunts Common, Pig Oak, Mannington, Higher and Lower Row, and Holt Heath - some are mentioned in the Domesday Book.
Holt Forest and Holt Heath are owned by the National Trust. A large area is classified as a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Holt Forest is a very ancient Royal Forest and is mentioned in the Domesday Book where it is referred to as 'Foresta de Wimburne'. After the death of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603 the manor of Kingston Lacy including Holt Forest was sold to Sir Edward Blount and in 1636 the Manor of Kingston Lacy was bought by Sir John Bankes in whose family the estate remained until 1981 when it was bequeathed to the National Trust.


WASHINGTON—U.S. House Assistant Democratic Leader James E. Clyburn delivered the following remarks today at the official ceremony unveiling the Rosa Parks statue in Statuary Hall in the U.S. Capitol:
“This is a good time and a great place to honor a most honorable woman. This year marks the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, which jumpstarted a march to freedom for many who, while in servitude, built this great edifice.
“This year is also the 50th Anniversary of the March on Washington, a watershed event in our quest for human dignity. Rosa Parks, the first lady of civil rights, the mother of the movement, the saint of an endless struggle—however one may wish to refer to her, this statue forever ordains Rosa Parks’s status as an icon of our nation’s struggles to live out its declaration that we all are created equal.
“One hour ago, I sat across the street witnessing the opening arguments of a voting rights case before the United States Supreme Court—a case that many feel could turn the clock back on much of the progress that has been made, and for which we pause today to honor Rosa Parks.
“The struggle goes on. The movement continues. The pursuit is not over. To honor Rosa Parks in the fullest manner, each of us must do our part to protect that which has been gained, defend the great documents upon which those gains were obtained, and continue our pursuit of ‘a more perfect Union.’ ”
Click here to watch the video: http://youtu.be/RgVjaMO1QxM


Lost WW1 memorial plaque of HMS Laurentic fireman returned to family thanks to Europeana 1914-1918
A lost World War One memorial plaque – once owned by fireman Thomas McGarry who died in the sinking of the HMS Laurentic in 1917 – has been returned to his family decades later thanks to Europeana 1914-1918.
You can read all about it here
Christmas Run 2016 completed!
From the 13th December 2016 to 15th January 2017, around 2,000 new documents were added to the Transcribathon, most of them a part of 50 specially-selected stories of Christmas and New Year.
Our transcribers diligently took up the new challenge, and in the course of a month, made astounding headway. At the end of the run, more than 600 documents were in progress, and about 900 were fully complete – all in all amounting to 1,579 transcriptions made. That’s more than we’ve ever had in such a short space of time!
The Xmas Run 2016 Champion Cups are awarded to Corinna Pichler, David Gadiou and Sue Bryant for running the most Miles during the event. In recognition of their outstanding work, each will receive from us a book prize.
During the Run, we also welcomed 80 new transcribers into the Europeana Transcribe 1914-1918 community, with some of them quickly reaching the rank of Champion.
We would like to take this opportunity, again, to thank all of our transcribers, old and new, for the success of the 2016 Christmas Run. Keep doing the good stuff, and keep on the watch for new campaigns and competitions coming up soon!
See the full results of the Christmas Run 2016 here


ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE GERMAN OCCUPATIONAL AUTHORITY IN THE KOLOMYIA REGION (ACCORDING TO THE “VOLLIA POKUTTYA” NEWSPAPER 1941 - 1944)
This article examines the main aspects of the economic policy of the German administration within the Kolomyia region during 1941-1944. On the bases of „Vollia Pokuttya“ news, the directions of Germany economic governance in the agrarian and trade commercial sector were singled out. The economic policy pursued by the German occupation authorities in the Kolomyia region vividly reflected the general trend of expansionist use of industrial and human potential in the district of Galicia. This led to acts of disobedience and sabotage of grain supplies by the peasants and a harsh reaction from the authorities. Nazi officials pursued a similar policy in the cities. By allowing the resumption of business and cooperatives, the Germans hoped to gain the loyalty of local residents. However, support could not be achieved, as de facto control over the above institutions continued to be exercised by various governmental economic groups, which included all existing industrial organizations, craft associations, and consumer cooperatives. Mobilization and organization government measures concerning the departure of the population for job to the Reich were illuminated, and also described their life conditions and social-legal status. In particular, the goal of agricultural and handicraft courses, which operated in Kolomyia’s county, was analyzed. The paper highlights that the organization of professional education was suitable for pragmatic considerations of the Nazi administration, as military failures give the power a push to attract local population to spend active agricultural life.
This study is the first attempt of complex assessment of economic policy of the German occupation regime in the mentioned terrains. Therefore, the results of this paper are important both for the further development of historical regionalism and in the context of studies devoted to the Second World War
Aftanas, A. (2021). Economic Policy of the German Occupational Authority in the Kolomyia Region (According to the “Vollia Pokuttya” Newspaper 1941 – 1944). Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki – The International relations of Ukraine: scientific searches and findings, 30, 325-341 [in German].
Levchenko, Yu. (2017). Osoblyvosti realizatsii polityky okupatsijnoi vlady v administratyvno-terytorial'nykh odynytsiakh Ukrainy 1941-1944 rr. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Starka, V. (2016). Sotsial'no-ekonomichna polityka natsysts'kykh okupantiv u Skhidnij Halychyni v 1941 - 1944 rr. Naukovi zapysky Ternopil's'koho natsional'noho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni Volodymyra Hnatiuka. Seriia: Istoriia, 1(4), 67-77 [in Ukrainian].
Pastushenko, T. (2012). Ukrains'ki robitnyky v Rajkhu: skil'ky ikh bulo?, Khistorians. Retrieved from http://www.historians.in.ua/index.php/en/doslidzhennya/253-tetiana-pastushenko-ukrainski-prymusovi-robitnyky-v-raikhu- skilky-ikh-bulo%20-%200,5 [in Ukrainian].
Lapan, T. (2009). Osoblyvosti spohadiv zhyteliv Zakhidnoi Ukrainy pro rabs'ku ta prymusovu pratsiu v natsysts'kij Nimechchyni. Storinky voiennoi istorii Ukrainy: Zb. nauk. statej, 12, 73-86 [in Ukrainian].
Stefaniuk, H. (2013). Zakhody nimets'koi okupatsijnoi administratsii u sferi zajniatosti skhidnohalyts'koho sotsiumu v 1941-1944 rr. Visnyk Prykarpats'koho universytetu. Istoriia, 23-24, 107-112 [in Ukrainian].
Verbova, O. (2012). Zakhidnoukrains'ka kooperatsiia v umovakh natsysts'koi okupatsii. Ahrosvit, 9, 16-21[in Ukrainian].
Luts'kyj, O. (2011). Suspil'na dopomoha zhyteliam Prykarpattia (voseny 1941-vlitku 1942 rr.). Ukraina XX st.: kul'tura, ideolohiia, polityka, 16, 294-304 [in Ukrainian].
Mykhajliuk, M. (2011). Nimets'ka propahanda v Ukraini. Kyiv. Retrieved from http://history.org.ua/LiberUA/978- 966-00-1063-5/20.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Polians'kyj, F. (2010). Osoblyvosti hospodariuvannia nimets'koi okupatsijnoi vlady u 1941-1944 rr. (za materialamy Ternopil'schyny). Naukovi pratsi istorychnoho fakul'tetu Zaporiz'koho natsional'noho universytetu, 28, 248-252 [in Ukrainian].
Haliv, M. (2013). Kursova systema osvity na Drohobychchyni u roky natsysts'koi okupatsii (1941-1944). Aktual'ni pytannia humanitarnykh nauk, 5, 15-28 [in Ukrainian].
Holysh, H. (2004). Ekspluatatsiia nepovnolitnikh hromadian na terytorii rejkhskomisariatu Ukraina u 1941-1944 rr. Istoriia Ukrainy. Malovidomi imena, podii, fakty, 26, 203-216 [in Ukrainian].
Kacharaba, S., & Rozhyk, M. (1995). Ukrains'ka emihratsiia. Emihratsijnyj rukh zi Skhidnoi Halychyny ta Pivnichnoi Bukovyny u 1890-1914 rr. L'viv [in Ukrainian].


What SPARKed us? Looking back over 25 years
In 1994, war was raging in southeastern Europe. Yet as the Serbian and Croatian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entered its second year, the stories of genocide, ethnic cleansing and horrific concentration camps faded from mainstream western European media. Public attention waned and financial aid began to dry up. However, on this day 25 years ago, a group of students in Amsterdam initiated a solidarity movement with the victims of the Bosnian war.
As a result of the conflict, many Bosnian refugees were settling in the Netherlands and other countries across Europe. Yannick du Pont, now Founder of SPARK, was still an 18-year-old student when he and some university friends arranged a screening of “A Sarajevo Diary” – a harrowing tale of atrocities committed in the besieged city of Sarajevo – at the University of Amsterdam. The group invited Bosnian refugees to engage in a public discussion with the viewers afterwards.
“I was happy and glad that this was happening. Bosnia was under the occupation of Serbia, and war crimes were being committed. I was happy someone took the initiative to talk about what was going on and I was glad to be part of [it],” said Satko.
The students were not expecting a huge turnout: “10 to 15 people we thought,” said Yannick. To their astonishment, over 250 teachers, students, and interested members of the public showed up to learn more. Satko Mujagic was one of the Bosnian refugees that had agreed to take part in the event. At just 21 years old, he had been freed from the Omarska and Manjaca concentration camps just months before and was slowly rebuilding his life in the Netherlands.
Cutting through the tense silence in the packed audience, Satko described the atrocities he’d witnessed in the concentration camp. “People, civilians, men, women and children were packed in the rooms without beds, with very poor conditions, one meal per day and on top of it, many are tortured and beaten to death,” – shared Satko.
“The Omarska camp was the most notorious in the Bosnian war and a direct reason for the UN to establish the International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia in The Hague”.
Looking back on his participation 25 years ago, Satko says it was an intense evening. “It was the first time I talked about my experience in a new country, in English, in public”. He remembers looking back at so many faces, which made him nervous.
Laurens Groenewegen, one of the student organisers, remembers: “His speech was rather unconventional: it was not an emotional plea for help; it was so powerful that it made the Dutch students ask themselves: can we simply just go home now?”
Deeply moved by Satko’s story, the group of students began organising. Around 30 of the attendees of the screening subsequently signed up to create an official group to support their peers abroad. Michel Richter, now co-Founder of SPARK, remembers asking himself: “Less than two thousand kilometers away there is a war. What can we do to help?”
On 7th February 1994, 25 years ago today, Youth Solidarity for former Yugoslavia (YSY) was born. This was the first incarnation of what SPARK has become today. The founding members, including Yannick and Michel, began attending protests in Amsterdam, connected to marches all over Europe. Later they traveled to Bosnia to provide material aid.
Satko Mujagic rebuilt his life in the Netherlands and later went on to work at the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium. He recently gave a TEDx Talk in Bratislava entitled: Recognition is a path to reconciliation, which revealed how he’s dedicated his life to commemorating the past and the atrocities of the war. In a way, thanks to his powerful speech, Yannick and Michel began their mission to stand in solidarity with and support fragile and post-conflict societies.
Note: Thank you to everyone who has reached out and responded to our inquiries. Interviews have been edited for clarity.
2021: Responding, innovating and building in fragile states
Policy makers and students meet in ‘Higher Education In Emergencies’ event
COP26: How we are supporting SMEs to become climate-resilient
Afghanistan: Concerns for stability and the future of youth
Business across Borders: Former employees turn to entrepreneurship


The development of a township saw the development of a school.
In 1873 with the demand for land commencing around the “Hill” area came the need for a school. A petition was forwarded to the Victorian Education Department petitioning a school as there were 24 school aged children and more on the way.
Parents built the first school which opened in April 1876. The demand for resources such as books, window blinds, out offices was made to the Education Department soon after. The school was one room with an earthen floor and was on the southern slope of the hill not far from a spring (water supply). At this time a small village has grown around the hill.
In June 1876 the teacher wrote to the Education Department stating that the school was too small for the large amount of students (39) who were attending. The Department proposed a new and larger school rebuilt about 3/4 mile south west of the old school not far from the cemetery. This location did spark some protests but was built and used in March 1877.
In February 1885, the first train reached the now Pyramid railway station located west of the old township. Slowly the new township grew around this location and in 1886 a petition requesting the school be moved was made by parents. After looking at a number of sites the present two acre location in Kelly Street was obtained and the builds were moved. A new opening took place at the start of 1888 and soon after additional building including a residence were built.
Overtime the old buildings were demolished and new ones erected to cater for the increasing numbers and the development of secondary school classes. The schools name changed from the Pyramid School to the Pyramid Hill Central School in 1961 and later to Pyramid Hill Higher Elementary School.
The College has two sub-schools: the Junior School (Prep to Year 6) and the Senior School (Years 7 & 10). Each sub-school has a different focus to complement the different development stages of students


Nonfiction Friday (posted on Saturday because WordPress won’t let me schedule posts lately)
An engrossing biography of the longest-reigning female pharaoh in Ancient Egypt and the story of her audacious rise to power in a man’s world.
Hatshepsut, the daughter of a general who took Egypt’s throne without status as a king’s son and a mother with ties to the previous dynasty, was born into a privileged position of the royal household. Married to her brother, she was expected to bear the sons who would legitimize the reign of her father’s family. Her failure to produce a male heir was ultimately the twist of fate that paved the way for her inconceivable rule as a cross-dressing king. At just twenty, Hatshepsut ascended to the rank of king in an elaborate coronation ceremony that set the tone for her spectacular twenty-two year reign as co-regent with Thutmose III, the infant king whose mother Hatshepsut out-maneuvered for a seat on the throne. Hatshepsut was a master strategist, cloaking her political power plays with the veil of piety and sexual expression. Just as women today face obstacles from a society that equates authority with masculinity, Hatshepsut had to shrewdly operate the levers of a patriarchal system to emerge as Egypt’s second female pharaoh.
Hatshepsut had successfully negotiated a path from the royal nursery to the very pinnacle of authority, and her reign saw one of Ancient Egypt’s most prolific building periods. Scholars have long speculated as to why her images were destroyed within a few decades of her death, all but erasing evidence of her rule. Constructing a rich narrative history using the artifacts that remain, noted Egyptologist Kara Cooney offers a remarkable interpretation of how Hatshepsut rapidly but methodically consolidated power—and why she fell from public favor just as quickly. The Woman Who Would Be King traces the unconventional life of an almost-forgotten pharaoh and explores our complicated reactions to women in power.
My interest in Egypt’s pharaohs began when I was in elementary school, and each student was assigned a country to do an extensive report on for our school’s big World History event at the end of the year. We would have to research the country, its history, culture, and customs. I was given Egypt, and spent the following months gobbling up any and all information I could find.
Ten year old Me would have loved to have read about a female King. In Kara Cooney’s book, she explores the possibilities behind the rule of Hatshepsut. I enjoyed the author’s theories and ideas. My only issue was how many of these details are in fact only possibilities. I know this is common with tracking the history of pharaohs and Egyptian history, but it was a bit distracting for me as someone who loves facts.
Overall, I enjoyed reading the unique take on a female King. It definitely kept me interested and contemplative.
*I received this book in exchange for an honest review from Blogging For Books.


History of AmreliAmreli is one of the ancient cities of Gujarat. The historic city lies in the Kathiawar peninsula in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat. The city of Amreli has an ancient history that dates back to centuries ago during the Gaekwad regime in India. It was during the reign of the Maratha rulers in the 15th century that the historic city was established. Today, the city of Amreli is the district headquarters and a municipality of the Amreli district in Gujarat.
Origin of AmreliThe history of Amreli dates back to the 15th century. The region existed with the name Anumanji. Later, it was renamed as Amlik and Amravati. According to historians, the name of the city is derived from the Sanskrit word Amarvalli. During the year 534 AD, Amreli was a part of the former Gaekwad of Baroda. It is believed that the city grew and prospered during the Gaekwad regime.
Amreli under Gaekwad Regime
The Kathis belonged to the Dubalia carter. The Saiyads held sanads of land obtained for the Sultan of Delhi. On the other hand, Fozdar of Junagadh was a subordinate to the suba of Ahmedabad. The Maratha forces under the leadership of Damajirao defeated all three parties and levied tribute on them.
Later the Maratha general Damajirao established military camps at Lati and Amreli in 1742-43 A.D. However, in 1800, the Gaekwads appointed Vithalrao Devaji (Dighe/Kathewad Diwanji) as the subehdar of Kathiawad possessions. Subehdar Vithalrao Devaji settled in the region of Amreli and developed the city along with its surrounding regions over the next 20 years.
Amreli was regarded as the capital of the territories that were acquired by the Gaekwads. Perhaps, the small city of Amreli became prominent during this period. The city prospered gradually under the rule of the Gaekwads. Much emphasis was given to literacy and education. Subsequently, in 1886, compulsory and free education policy was adopted in Amreli for the first time in history.
Amreli under British RuleBefore India got independence, there were some 260 Princely states in the Kathiawar Peninsula of western India that were subject to British administration. In order to facilitate better supervision, these Princely states were consolidated into a single state that was named Saurashtra. The former rulers would alternately act as the constitutional head of the new state. In this way, Amreli became a part of Saurashtra. In due time, Saurashtra became a part of the state of Gujarat.
Amreli after IndependenceAfter India got independence in 1947, the city of Amreli became a part of the Bombay State. Later, when the Bombay State was divided into Gujarat and Maharashtra in the year 1956, the city of Amreli became part of the Gujarat State. Today, Amreli is the headquarters of the Amreli district in the state of Gujarat.
Culture of Amreli | Geography of Amreli | Food in Amreli | Business in Amreli | Healthcare in Amreli | Lifestyle in Amreli | Services in Amreli | Tourism in Amreli | Society in Amreli | Transport in Amreli


Massive coin collection
One of the really wonderful things about coin collecting is that behind every coin is a story. Coins are art, coins are instruments of commerce, but above all, coins are history. I was fortunate enough to be a part of one such beautiful story narrated by Dr. Bhanu Pratap Singh and his son Aaditya Pratap Singh . I visited Raipur recently to visit a friend of mine and was stunned to see his father’s massive coin collection. I truly learned a lot from the exhibition and thought of sharing my views about the same .
Digging deep, literally, to explore coin collecting before the United States ever struck its own coins, it’s possible to find reports of archaeological digs that have uncovered stashes of ancient coins in which every coin was unique. While there is no way to prove these were ancient coin collections, they certainly could have been. In any case, the history of coin collecting didn’t begin with American coins solely; a few coin collectors are present in India as well . One such coin collector is Dr. Bhanu Pratap Singh who has a collection of over 700 years . He shared a lot of details about his collection and interests which really left me startled.
Sharing a bried about the same he told me,” With the fall of the rule of Maurayans in India and with the rise of the Guptas, various tribal republics emerged in some parts of Punjab. They issued numerous coins and most of them were minted in copper. The design and the motif of the Yaudheya coins were influenced by the coins of the Kushans and they followed the weight of the Indo-bacterian rulers. Some other tribal republics of Punjab were the Audumbara and the Kunida.”
Nothing has been lost on numismatics over time. People still covet and study rare, ancient and very valuable coins. However, affordable and new coins can also excite collectors. The modern hobby has evolved to become more accessible, popular and trustworthy. Even in this digital age when people spend fewer coins than they used to, collecting coins remains popular.


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The town of Trogir is located in central Dalmatia 25 km west of Split, at the northwestern end of the Kaštela Bay. It is the center of the Trogir micro-region, which occupies an area of 250 km2. According to the 2011. census, the city of Trogir has 13.192 inhabitants.
Major branches of the economy are agriculture (especially until 1950’s), tourism, shipbuilding or work in one of the many quarries.
On the islet between the mainland and the island of Čiovo in the Bronze and Iron Ages, a settlement was formed, while on the surrounding hills there were fortified settlements – hillforts. In the vicinity of Trogir, large burial mounds have been preserved, including the one on the top of the Plošnjak hill and the so-called The prince’s crowd in Velo (Kaštela) polje. In 2. century is mentioned Tragurion, a settlement of Greek colonists from Issa (Vis), although the colonization of this area probably began in the late 3. century BC. The Greek settlement was surrounded by polygonal stone ramparts, parts of which have been explored and in some places preserved in the foundations of medieval buildings. The city space was organized on a rectangular basis the surrounding land holdings are also rectangularly divided, which can be seen in today’s parcelling.
The altar of the goddess Hera (found in front of the cathedral bell tower), psephism, a relief of a woman at work and the figure of the deity Kairos, which were built into later noble palaces, testify to the Greek settlement, so their local provenance is not entirely certain. The Roman Tragurium is mentioned in several sources, and Pliny the Elder writes that the oppidum Tragurium is famous for its stone. Unfinished ancient pillars, capitals and two altars dedicated to Heracles were found in a quarry on the nearby hill of Sutili. The Roman city developed within the walls, and outside the city there were necropolises from which a large number of tombstones, milestones, urns, sarcophagi originate.
The remains of an ancient forum have been confirmed on the southwest side of the main square. The early acceptance of Christianity in the wider area of the city is evidenced by the remains of a late antique cemetery basilica in Ošljak-Travarica (today’s city market), as well as a number of early Christian churches in and around the city. From the beginning of 7. century, at the time of the gradual formation of the Croatian state, Trogir was one of the cities of Byzantine Dalmatia.
Around the 870s the inhabitants of Trogir are paying tribute to Croatian rulers. In 1000., the people of Trogir took an oath of allegiance to the Venetian doge Peter II. Orseol, and Venetian influence was again felt during the Norman presence on the Adriatic in 1074.-1075., when the inhabitants of the town undertook to the doge Dominic Silvio not to bring Normans and other foreigners to Dalmatia. In the 10. century, Trogir gained an independent diocese (abolished in 1828.), and in 1105. it recognized the rule of the Croatian-Hungarian king Koloman, who gave the city privileges in 1107. (→ TROGIR DIPLOMA).
In the following decades, the rule of the Venetians and Croatian-Hungarian kings changed in Trogir, and in 1133. Bela II. permanently annexed the city to the Croatian-Hungarian Kingdom. The rule of Arpadović was interrupted in 1166.–1180., when Trogir recognized the rule of the Byzantine emperor Emanuel I Comnenus, but Bela III. at the end of 1180. returned Trogir to the Croatian-Hungarian state. In the second quarter of the 13. century, the pressure of the strengthened Croatian feudal lords from the hinterland on the Dalmatian communes increased. They were suppressed when Bela IV. after the Tatar invasion in 1242. (for which he took refuge in Trogir) consolidated the power of the Croatian-Hungarian kings in Croatia. But with the weakening of the king’s power in the last quarter of the 13. century the Bribir princes again had supremacy over the Dalmatian towns and thus over Trogir.
In that period, the long-lasting Trogir-Split conflict over the border areas in Ostrog (1277.) and the Trogir-Šibenik conflict over the independent Šibenik diocese (1298.) ended. The effort to free itself from the power of the Bribir princes led in 1322. to the Trogir-Šibenik defense alliance against Mladin II. and the transfer of both cities under Venetian rule. After the successful war of Louis I of Anjou against the Venetian Republic, Trogir returned to the Croatian-Hungarian Kingdom in 1358. With weakening authorities of Trogir at the end of the 14. and in the first quarter of the 15. century frequently changed the supremacy: 1390.-1394. acknowledged the rule of the Bosnian kings, than Sigismund of Luxembourg, 1402.–1408. Ladislav of Naples, then again Sigismund, and finally in 1420., as the last of the Dalmatian cities, he accepted Venetian rule.
In the 16. century, the Trogir commune and the system of city autonomy were built in parallel with economic strengthening, and the Croatian population began to predominate in the city. However, in the 15. and the 16. century, the city experienced an exceptional cultural flourishing and grew into one of the strongest humanistic centers in Croatia.
Economic and cultural decline in the 16. and 17. century was caused primarily by the Ottoman devastation of the Trogir hinterland, which ceased only during the Moravian War (1684.-1699.). With the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797., the city became part of the Habsburg Monarchy (until 1918.), with a brief break for the French administration of 1805.-1813.
In the middle of the 19. century was one of the strongholds of Italian autonomy, and in 1886. the victory in the municipal elections was won by the People’s Party. In 1918., Trogir became part of the State of SCS (Serbs, Croats and Slovenians). During World War II, it was under Italian occupation in 1941.–1943., and was liberated in 1944.
Regarding Trogir’s kultural heritage, the center of Trogir is in itself the most valuable monument of the city, which in 1997. was included in the UNESCO list of world cultural heritage sites. To this day, the medieval structure of the old town has been preserved with characteristically arranged streets and squares, as well as impressive sacral and secular buildings. Most of the walls with the city gate, which lead to the coast and with the northern gate to the mainland, have also been preserved. The towers on the walls have also been preserved, the most famous being the 14. century Kamerlengo Fortress.
The most important buildings are located on the main town square, in the heart of Trogir. St. Lawrence Cathedral is a symbol of the city, and the portal of the western gate is the most famous monument in Trogir. The cathedral was built in the 13. century. The former Rector’s Palace, and today the City Hall is located on the east side of the square, and across from it is a small church of St. Mary. The 15. century town lodge once had the function of a courtroom and is therefore decorated with reliefs, sculptures and inscriptions on justice. Next to it is the church of St. Sebastian with the city clock instead of the bell tower which was built to save from the plague and the old Croatian church of St. Barbara.
Trogir also boasts numerous palaces such as the Garagnin and Fanfogne families, which now house the city’s main museum. It also includes a rich bibliographic collection of the Garagnin family, in which the famous Pacta Conventa record was found, proof of the founding of the Croatian-Hungarian Kingdom. Along the southern walls of Trogir is the Monastery of St. Nicholas, where Benedictine nuns have been active since its founding in the 11. century. The monastery also has a rich collection of works of art, and the most significant example is the Relief of Kairos, the ancient Greek god. It was discovered in 1928., and is considered one of the most beautiful examples of Greek art in this area. It is believed to date from the 4. century BC and was brought by a traveler from Greece to Croatia. In addition to all the above, but also many other sights of the city of Trogir, a walk through it is a real cultural pleasure and an interesting discovery of history.


Digressions of a Traveling Housewife.
Tuesday, November 08, 2005
Haven't been to England since 2003, when I last came with Jon. This time, instead of staying in Cheltenham, we opted for the Hilton Puckrup Hall, a golf oasis in "the back end of nowhere."
After one night at the Hilton Heathrow, we stopped by Blenheim Palace, residence of the Eleventh Duke of Malborough and a World Heritage Site for our list. A pleasant and impressively huge palace, it was built for the first Duke, John Churchill, for winning the Battle of Blenheim. Queen Anne built it for him and his wife, Sarah, her friend and confidant. Unfortunately, spiraling costs on the home broke up the friendship, according to a travel show we watched Stateside. According to our tour guide, it was something else entirely, jealousy on the part of Sarah when Anne took a poor relation of Sarah's under her wing, usurping Sarah's place. Hmm. This difference of opinion speaks to England's protection of it's monarchs, even those long deceased, as much as to the States' willingness to reveal every nuance of the monarchy's pecadillos.
One of the most interesting facts I learned on tour was that Queen Anne provided that the duchy pass from the Duke to his heir, male or female. This strikes me as rare, and probably owes to the Queen's own succession to the throne. (I enjoyed the story's feminist overtones.) The second Duke was in fact Duchess Henrietta, John's eldest daughter.
Since then, however, there have been nine additional Dukes, including the fourth Duke who revived the Churchill name, and the Ninth Duke. Charles Spencer-Churchill, first cousin to Winston Churchill, married Consuelo Vanderbilt for a much-needed influx of cash. She brought $15Million with her, and refurbished the castle, providing "an heir and a spare" before divorcing Charles after 11 years of marriage. The John Singer-Sargeant painting is a masterpiece of deception; Consuelo towered over her husband (she was nearly 6', he was 5'6"). Note the step added to the picture, to help disguise the disparity. Also, note the two Blenheim Spaniels in the painting.
After touring the grounds (really, we were looking for the open exit), we sped up the M-5 to Tewkesbury and the Hilton Puckrup (two syllables, not three) Hall and Golf Resort. Too bad we don't play golf -- it's quite lovely here, except for the rain. Today I plan to enjoy the swimming pool, take advantage of the health club, and head into the tiny town for lunch.
I'm using my two weeks here as a private little writing retreat, working on my current project, and reading heavily. Tewkesbury has at least one second-hand bookstore, where I purchased The Lawless Road by Graham Greene, and several pubs. I've eaten twice at the Black Bear, not because it was so good, but because our first night in town it was the only pub still serving, and on Monday it was... the only pub serving lunch.
Ah, jolly old England. They roll up the sidewalks at 8 pm.


Insurance – Episode One
A long, long time ago, in ancient times (3770 years ago) on the far side of the planet, the first forms of insurance were recorded by the Babylonian and Chinese traders. One of the first written loss limitation methods can be found in the Code of Hammurabi—
The ancient world evolved with maritime loans with insurance rates based on favorable seasons for traveling.
Around 600 BC the Greeks and Romans formed the first types of life and health insurance.
Standalone insurance policies that were not tied to contracts or loans surfaced in Genoa in the 14 century with the first policy came in 1347. This would influence insurance for the rest of time. Penned by Pedro De Santarem in 1552 the first book on insurance was published. Lloyd’s of London began as a company that would underwrite ventures of cargo ships and merchant traders.
Modern insurance can be traced back to the city’s great fire of London in 1666 that destroyed more than 30,000 homes. Where fire insurance was born.
Even Benjamin Franklin started a company in the 1750’s for fire insurance.
The first mandatory insurance was in the United states was formed in the 1930‘s called Social Security. Then in 1940 the GI insurance surfaced.
These are what I call the light side of the force.
Check back next week, when we discuss the dark side of the force in the insurance industry.
Note: Information cited above was found on the internet under ‘history of insurance’


Lamole is a tiny village in Chianti with a restaurant, a small grocery shop and a church. It is famous for its spectacular views and cool summer breezes. The road leading up to Lamole from the turn-off between Greve and Panzano is itself an attraction. Lined in parts with cypresses, it passes villages, precipitous drops and an ancient water fountain.
The origin of the name Lamole is unclear. It might come from the words “la mole” (mass, bulk), a reference to the outcrop of rock on which the Castle of Lamole is built or even to the castle itself, or from the ancient word “lama”, plural “lame”, meaning a stony basin from which several streams converge, in this case forming the source of the river Greve. The present village of Lamole is situated at about 600 metres above sea level, half a kilometer past the Castle of Lamole, overlooking the valley from which the river Greve arises. It is surrounded by chestnut and oak woods, and with a view of the vineyards lower down in the valley and a spectacular view of the ranges of hills to the west.
The little Romanesque Church of San Donato (13 C) was rebuilt in the 19 C, and in addition to mass, weekly concerts of classical music are performed there from July through September.
During the mediaeval period, Greve in Chianti was simply a “mercatale” (market place), existing purely by virtue of its position on a flat part of the Greve valley floor at an intersection of the roads joining Florence and Sienna with the road to the Valdarno. It was a convenient meeting point for the inhabitants of the castles and the numerous fortified villages of the surrounding hills, but without military value itself. It was and is hotter and damper than the settlements in the hills, a significant health hazard in former times. The people of Montefioralle, Panzano in Chianti and Lamole bought and sold in the three-cornered "square" which even today is the main piazza of Greve.
Panzano perches within view of Lamole on a ridge between the Greve valley and the Pesa valley. The ancient core of Panzano is at the same height above sea level as Lamole. There are traces of Roman paving there and parts of the keep and towers of Panzano castle, which was built during the same period as the Castle of Lamole, are incorporated into the church and surrounding habitations. The two castles share some mediaeval architectural elements, and there are paved tracks through the woods joining Lamole, Panzano and Greve. These are often referred to locally as "Roman roads", and indeed some might be of Roman origin, but the paving is mediaeval. One such track, illustrated here, was in use until the modern road was constructed at the end of the 19 C and is still easily passable from Lamole castle until at least the point where it crosses the modern road. As recently as the 1950s, religious processions passed once a year along another path from Lamole, past Vignamaggio down into the valley and then up to Panzano.


So, What's Tapping The Admiral?
After Nelson's death in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805, his body was placed in a barrel of brandy to preserve it on the long journey home. Legend has it that the crew drilled a hole in the top of the barrel and would use macaroni straws to draw off a little brandy to drink to the naval hero, Admiral Horatio Nelson, hence the term used to describe a sneaky drink: Tapping the Admiral.
Who's The Admiral?
As a child who lost his mother aged just 9, Nelson, hero of the battle of Trafalgar, loved to visit his maternal uncle, William Suckling, a customs house official who lived beside The Castle Tavern. In those days, the river Fleet ran close to what is now Castlehaven Road towards Sainsbury’s car park.
It was William Suckling’s brother, Maurice, who encouraged the young Nelson to join the navy. Maurice, himself a naval officer could surely never have expected his poor orphaned nephew to become such a high achiever. Nelson rapidly progressed up the ranks becoming Captain in 1778, at the age of 20. His most famous victories came in the Napoleonic wars, winning a number of great victories but at the cost of an arm and an eye.
At that time everything from the Castle Tavern to Totten Hall (at the top of Tottenham Court Road) was green fields. The wealthy and landed gentry build grand houses far enough from the smell, yet still not too far from the conveniences of the filthy city while the less affluent would use Taverns like the Castle as an affordable way of escaping diseases such as the frequent plagues that afflicted London. The Castle, offered rooms on a nightly basis, allowing its ailing clientele to enjoy the clean air and convalesce. It was a kind of primitive health spa and may be the origin of the area’s current name; Castlehaven.
The Castle Tavern was pulled down in the 1850s to make room for the new development around Castle Road and Lewis Street. Tapping the Admiral was originally named The Trafalgar and was built during this time.


Main / Simulation / Catcher man
Name: Catcher man
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A man catcher is an esoteric type of pole weapon which was used in Europe as late as the 18th century. It consisted of a pole mounted with a two pronged head. Sasumata - Sodegarami - Tsukubō. 21 Aug - 10 min - Uploaded by Shadiversity A series looking at the underappreciated, somewhat unknown, historical weapons that really. 18 Jul - 3 min - Uploaded by Justin Yoshida Using the Sasumata, a nonlethal weapon adapted from a bladed samurai weapon, is standard in.
Commonly known in Europe as a “man-catcher” or catchpole, and in Japan as a sasumata, this a pole-based weapon with a “blade” in the form. man catcher (plural man catchers). (weaponry) A type of polearm used in 18th century Europe that consists of a long pole and a two-pronged circular head for. It is believed this hinged spike metal collar on a long wooden pole is a man catcher. It is one of the more unusual items in Henry Wellcome's vast collection.
According to the Science Museum, London, this item from Henry Wellcome's curiosity collection is a "man catcher used in Europe in the late. Ancient Origins articles related to man catcher in the sections of history, archaeology, human origins, unexplained, artifacts, ancient places and. Yasukichi the Egg-Catcher Man Gender Male Age Early 20's Hair color Black Affiliation(s) Ranma Saotome Tofu Ono Love Interest Kasumi Tendo Occupation .


The History and Purpose of the 410 shotgun
The 410 shotgun is unique among shotgun cartridges in that it is measured by bore diameter as a caliber as opposed to the older style gauge method. Shotgun gauges are traditionally measured by the number of round lead balls that can be made from a pound of lead which will fit the width of the interior of the barrel. If measured in this fashion, a 410 shotgun could be considered a 67 or 68 Gauge.
The exact origins of the 410 shotgun are murky. American outdoor writer Jack O’Connor speculated that the cartridge was a direct descendant of the 44-40 or 44 WCF rifle and handgun round developed by Winchester in the 1870s. Early 410 shotgun rounds were loaded in 44-40 cases with a paper wad holding the shot and referred to as the 44XL. Eventually a straight wall brass case, two inches in length was used. This was followed by a 2-inch paper shotgun shell and by 1900 a 2 ½” paper shell. British Proof House documents date the 410 shotgun to the same period in side-by-side shotguns, but the actual inventor remains lost to history.
Initially, the 410 shotgun was designed for pest control and self-defense. British Gunmaker William Wellington Greener noted in his writing’s that a substantial number of 410 shotguns were shipped to South America for use by naturalists on collecting expeditions for museums as the light shot was perfect for taking small animals at close range without causing much damage to the specimen. Greener and numerous other gun writers such as Charles Askins, Elmer Keith and Jack O’Connor dismissed the 410 as a novelty for “walking stick guns” and not suitable for the taking of game, but over the years the 410 has become a favorite as an entry level shotgun for women and young hunters due to the nature of its low recoil.
Winchester Model 42 410 Shotgun
The 410 shotgun gained more respect in 1933 when Winchester engineers scaled down the company’s famous Model 12 pump action shotgun and dubbed it the Model 42. The Model 42 had been ready for release in 1932, but the company president asked for a delay until development of a 3” long shell for 410 was ready and in enough abundance to satisfy demand. The Model 42 dominated skeet shooting tournaments and was considered potent enough for upland small game such as pheasants, quail, chukar and rabbits.
Because of its light recoil, the 410 shotgun shell has been chambered in a number of handguns. These handguns are typically made for the 45 Colt round and both cartridges have a similar rim diameter. The concept is not new and at least one of Colt’s famous Single Action Army Revolvers was chambered in the older 44XL round at the turn of the 20th century, but the latter half of the 20th century saw a resurgence in revolvers and single shot handguns chambered in 410 shotgun.
The two reasons for chambering handguns in this caliber include sport shooting and hunting with single shot 410 handguns such as the Thompson Center Contender and as a close range self-defense arm in the Bond Arms Derringer, Taurus Judge and Smith & Wesson Governor. In order to comply with BATFE regulations against shotguns having a minimum barrel length of 18”, these handguns have rifled bores.
Although it was once maligned for being “ineffective beyond wounding game”, aficionados of the 410 shotgun are aware of its limitations and its range. Most notably it loses effectiveness beyond 50 yards, but it has been extremely effective in introducing legions of shooters to the world of shotgunning.


The Lines Company staff support annual Poppy Day appeal
18 April 2018
This Friday several of The Lines Company (TLC) staff will be out and about in Te Kūiti joining other volunteers in support of the annual Returned Services Association (RSA) Poppy Day appeal.
In a 96-year-old tradition started in 1922, volunteers exchange distinctive red poppies for a donation in support of New Zealand’s current and ex-service personnel and their families.
The poppies, sold on the Friday before Anzac Day, commemorate the first flowers that grew in the battlefields of Flanders in Belgium during World War One.
To make a donation and wear a poppy to acknowledge sacrifices made, look out for TLC members outside the Z Service Station on Te Kumi Road and Te Kūiti Bakery on Rora Street. Poppies are also available for sale to those visiting Reception at TLC’s King Street office.
Volunteers and poppies will be available throughout the King Country and Ruapehu region with all funds collected going to the RSA.