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Fairborn was formed from the union of the two villages of Fairfield and Osborn. Fairfield was originally founded in 1816 and Osborn in 1851. Before European settlers arrived, native inhabitants of the region included the Adena culture of Ohio and nearby states, and the subsequent Hopewell culture known from Illinois to Ohio and renowned for their geometric earthworks. Several surviving examples of earthen mounds made by Mound builders still exist at the Wright Brother’s Memorial atop the bluff overlooking Huffman Prairie.
In addition to its rich native history Fairborn has tons of things to do from shopping and dining to the Air force Museum which is home to some of the most well preserved aviation history in the country.
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That's right... we're planning
We had the first USS Milwaukee AOR-2 reunion in Cleveland July 2002.
The second reunion was in Portland, Maine in October 2004.
The third reunion was in Newport, Rhode Island in October 2006.
The fourth reunion was in Chesapeake, Virginia in October 2008.
The fifth reunion was in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in August 2010.
The sixth reunion was in Boston, Massachusetts in August 2012.
The next Ship's Reunion has been delayed until the FALL of 2015 in order to coincide with the commissioning of the ship, the
USS Milwaukee - LCS5
in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
More details to come as the date gets closer
If you're interested in receiving updates, please send me an e-mail via the link on the left. Be sure to include your mailing address and phone number.
This page was last updated 2:00 PM on 10/19/2014.


The ancient Spartan soldiers are renowned for their fierce warrior culture and grueling military training. However, during downtime in war camps, they engaged in various recreational activities beyond combat drills. Here we explore what Spartan soldiers did for leisure and amusement between battles.
Physical fitness was integral to the Spartan military ethos, so sports and athletic contests were a major pastime at war camps. These activities helped hone soldiers’ skills while providing morale-boosting entertainment. Common pursuits included:
- Footraces – Spartans prided themselves on speed and endurance. Sprints and long distance running were ways to hone these abilities through competition.
- Javelin throwing – Marksmanship with spears and javelins was practiced recreationally. Contests showed off throwing power and precision.
- Jump contests – Jumping for height and distance displayed athleticism. It also built leg strength needed in phalanx maneuvers.
- Wrestling – Hand-to-hand grappling sharpened close-quarters combat skills. Wrestling matches were common recreational challenges.
- Pankration – This ancient MMA-style fighting sport blended boxing, wrestling and martial arts. It improved overall combat fitness and fighting technique.
- Gymnastics – Vaulting, tumbling and calisthenics developed soldiers’ agility, flexibility, balance and coordination.
- Ball games – Primitive forms of football, field hockey and other ball sports added fun cardio conditioning.
Spartans continued martial training during leisure time to reinforce key combat skills:
- Weapons drills – Sparring with swords, spears and shields honed proficiency and reflexes. Even casual duels or practice helped ingrain weapon mastery.
- Boxing – Sparring matches in boxing, an esteemed sport, let soldiers practice landing blows while eluding hits.
- Archery – Target practice with bows and arrows improved aim, range and dexterity for battle.
- Phalanx drills – Coordinated tactical movements were polished by rehearsing in spare moments.
- Marching – Marching together in time, often to pipers, strengthened discipline and unit cohesion.
- Dance – Coordinated rhythmic steps syncopated to flutes helped instill movements used in close formations.
- Survival skills – Foraging for food, making fires, setting traps and other survival methods were honed.
Recreational activities also provided bonding experiences that strengthened camaraderie and morale:
- Symposia – Shared meals were social occasions to trade battle stories and build rapport.
- Singing – Spartan songs with patriotic, religious or ribald lyrics reinforced cultural traditions.
- Storytelling – Recounting myths, legends and past battles was a way to entertain and educate.
- Drinking games – Contests involving alcohol consumption were rowdy social events.
- Dice games – Primitive versions of dice and gambling games offered suspense and competition.
- Hunting – Hunting trips with fellow soldiers were exciting outings away from camp.
Though not highly literate, Spartans engaged in a few recreational mental activities:
- Poetry – Oral recital of war poems and verses from memory provided inspiring entertainment.
- Riddles – Riddle-solving word games demonstrated wit and mental sharpness.
- Debates – Discussion contests rewarded those who made the most eloquent arguments.
- Trivia – Questions about warfare tested and expanded soldiers’ knowledge.
- Strategy games – Board games like petteia served as “war simulators” to be played and discussed.
The Importance of Leisure
While rigorous training defined the Spartan warrior mindset, leisure pursuits served an important role in the war camp lifestyle:
- Prevented boredom – Downtime recreation fended off restlessness and low morale during long campaigns.
- Built camaraderie – Social activities strengthened the bonds vital to unit cohesion.
- Provided mental respite – Lighthearted fun balanced rigorous military discipline.
- Honored traditions – Singing and competitions commemorated Spartan cultural heritage.
- Offered mental challenges – Intellectual games, poetry and debates stimulated the mind.
- Enhanced skills – Sports and martial practice improved combat capabilities.
- Refreshed energy – Physical games and outings recharged soldiers between battles.
By regularly partaking in both physical and social recreation, Spartan warriors staved off idleness while also building the skill, endurance, morale and loyalty needed to remain a premier fighting force. The activities provided necessary leisure to sustain troops through lengthy campaigns.
In summary, while Spartan soldiers were hardened by brutal training, they spent free time in war camps engaging in sports, games, hunting, artistic activities and camaraderie building. This balance reinforced key skills, boosted morale, prevented boredom and promoted lifelong warrior ethos. Leisure was thus an integral complement to combat within the military life of a Spartan soldier.


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Settlers of white European descent are very recent arrivals in the desert areas where I live and do most of my work. The first white person to explore the canyons of the Colorado River was John Wesley Powell, just 150 years ago. Various Native American cultures have occupied these places for more than ten thousands of years.
Although none of my ancestors ever settled in the Americas (to my knowledge), I can’t help but feel deep sorrow for the ways some of these native tribes were treated and abused in the course of the conquest of the Americas—likely the greatest genocide in history.
Remnants of ancient people are abundant in some places and very scarce in others. Anywhere humans lived, they left some remnants: rock art (petroglyphs and pictographs), structures (some still intact, which is why I am reluctant to refer to them as ruins), grinding and cooking tools, knives and points, and decorated pottery shards.
We know little of the older cultures that settled here. Some were hunter-gatherers, some agrarian, and some built spectacular temples—the tallest buildings in the world, in their day. Alas, as the saying goes, history is written by the victors; but when it comes to Native American cultures, the victors have also done a thorough job of erasing history—forcing people to abandon their cultures, ceremonies, and rituals; destroying scriptures and temples, and killing religious leaders—leaving precious little for us to learn from about these ancient people
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We take dryers for granted, but it wasn't too long ago that when clothes needed drying, we took them outside to hang on the clothesline. While their popularity grew in the 1950s, dryers didn't really begin coming into their own until around 1960.
Before jumping into the advancements of dryers, let's take a look at the early history of the units. If you're ready to upgrade your commercial dryer in Raleigh, NC, call the experts at T & L. You'll love our affordable pricing.
The History Of The Clothes Dryer
The first electric dryer was invented in the early 20th century. Inventor J. Ross Moore was tired of hanging his clothing outside, especially during the winter. To help keep his wardrobe out of the freezing weather, he built a shed to house his clothes while they dried. In addition, he added a stove. The clothing would hang on the line in front of the fire and dry. This was the beginning of the development of electric dryers.
For the next three decades, Moore worked to eventually build a gas and electric unit, but couldn’t find anyone to help him get his idea manufactured. The drum-type model was built and eventually picked up by Hamilton Manufacturing in Wisconsin. The new dryers were sold under the name June Day beginning in 1938.
In England and France during the end of the 18th century, clothes dryers were being made. Called ventilators, these large contraptions were made of metal. The drum had ventilation holes in it that allowed heat into it while it was hand cranked over an open fire. This invention was used for decades.
As time moved on, America caught onto the idea of these ventilators. Unfortunately, the clothing consistently smelled of smoke, was covered in soot and occasionally caught on fire during the drying process. As you can imagine, this wasn’t an ideal situation.
George T. Sampson of Ohio decided that the ventilator invention needed to be tweaked. Instead of using heat from an open fire, he chose to place a rack over a stove. This heat source was much better, as it didn’t dirty the clothing or catch it on fire! On June 7, 1892, Sampson was granted a patent for his idea. These “dryers” were used well into the 19th century.
For more information about the history of the dryer, be sure to visit back with us soon. We will talk about the advancement of these machines and more.
T & L has been in operation for 40 years. Within that time, we've worked hard to offer the best machines for the best prices. We believe in our products and are excited to share them with you. The benefits you’ll gain from trusting our washers and dryers are incomparable. Our products offer the following advantages:
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Slots were originally introduced to casinos to entertain the ladies while the men played casino card games like poker and blackjack. However, much to everyone’s surprise at the time, the revenue from the slot machines was soon much higher than the money coming from the regular table games in the casino.
By the end of the 1950s slots were moving on, with the development of electro-mechanical machines. Slots had become very popular, machines like Big Bertha and the later addition of Super Big Bertha were introduced. These were super larger machines that cost over $150,000 to produce and were powered by a five horse powered machine. The machines had 8 reels with 20 symbols per reel and only offered 80% payback to players. These big machines took larger denominations, which increased the player pay out amounts as well as the casinos’ earning potential. The odds of hitting the jackpot on Big Bertha was only one in 25 billion.
The 1980s slots moved on, with the introduction of computer graphics. This change drove forward the popularity of slot games. Today slot machines have awesome graphics, higher payouts, big jackpots, bonus games, and lots more. Since online casinos took the world by storm just over a decade ago, slots have gone from strength to strength.
There are many online casino sites that have dedicated slots sections and many pure slots sites. If you haven’t discovered the thrills of online casinos and especially slots, now is the time! Super Free Slot Games can help you find the perfect registration offer, show you great new sites and give you the low down on the best games.


I went walking… in Napoleon’s footsteps
I’ve mentioned in my previous walking tour post that I found Napoleon a bit underrepresented in Paris. Last weekend I went on a walking tour which proved me that good old Bonaparte still lurks behind the veneer of world war generals.
I found Withlocals by chance or by divine intervention. A friend liked their page on Facebook and it popped up on my wall. From what I gathered, the initiative was first launched in Asia but seeing the success they moved on to Europe. The main aim is to connect the traveller with locals, thus giving the visitor a first-hand, authentic experience. To promote the opening in Europe, Withlocals advertised four walking tours in Paris and I duly signed up for all of them. It’s a great way to getting to know the city whether one is visiting or living there, so I warmly suggest trying them. You can check out the list of free walking tours here and I plan to write a report on all of them.
Napoleon, vertically challenged war machine or philanthropic visionary
What do I remember about Napoleon? I remember that we had to learn the dates of all of his victories, a list of his reforms and that he crowned himself an emperor on 4th December in the church of Notre Dame (the year escapes me.) I also remember that he was the role model of Julien Sorel from Stendhal’s Le Rouge et Le Noir, one of my numerous literary crushes. Julien admired Napoleon because he showed that you could rise to fame even if you are not born into the highest circles.
One of the things I learnt from our host, is that Napoleon owed a lot to the French Revolution. Before the revolution, however talented you were, you couldn’t rise higher than captain if you weren’t a noble. The events of 1789 did away with this notion. It must have meant a lot to young Bonaparte and he was very much inspired by the principles of the revolution. Had he been born a generation before, his talents might never have come to flourish.
We started our tour at the Fontaine du palmier that Napoleon (I’m repressing the desire to nickname him Nappy, I’m sure he wouldn’t approve) ordered to show off his numerous victories, most prominently the one in Egypt. Beside the propaganda reasons however, the fountain served a more practical goal, it provided the people with drinking water. In the past water was scarce in many places, that’s why a fountain like this was a neat idea.
I also discovered a Space Invader mosaic on it!
I got to know that Napoleon contributed to the building of the Louvre, ordered the building of the Pont des arts and designed the Rue de Rivoli to connect the east and the west of Paris. The street shows his practical and clean cut style; it’s very straight, very uniform. Napoleon also had a column built commemorating his military success alongside a Greek temple style church for his beloved grand army. Moreover, I got to know where to have the cheapest full lunch in Paris but I’m not giving away all the secrets.
There was only a very nice Dutch family and myself so the tour had a friendly, familiar vibe to it. I talked a bit with the mum of the family; she lived in Paris when she was 18 and they stayed in a nice Airbnb flat. I also talked a lot with our guide about my plans of maybe running my own walking tours one day and she was very nice and helpful about it. She is in a roughly similar life situation as me so we understood each other quite well. I enjoyed this tour very much, I think it was the first walk of my life where I interacted with the guide and the other guests this much so it had a special added value to me.
The tour was very informative and professionally run. I learnt more than I realised. I feel better acquainted with Paris’s history – we learnt not only about Napoleon but about his nephew, Napoleon III, and some of the earlier monarchs like Louis XIV and Louis XVI.
We had a lovely weather, although a bit windy. On the whole, I had a great time and will try to go on the Medieval Paris tour with Wan Cheng Chan as well. I feel so much better now that Napoleon is not forgotten.
Bonus fact: At the end we learnt why N. always had his hand in his pocket. Apparently back in the day having your hand in your waistcoat was a common posture to show that you are a well respected and competent leader. We also learnt that Louis XIV liked to flash his calf on every painting because he was convinced it was sexy. Lucky for us that they didn’t live in the 21st century otherwise they would have been making duckfaces in their boudoir mirrors.


The humble beginnings of the 1.04 Duel community 2002-2004
I started in 2002 when 1.04 first came out. I used to love fighting games, so I was naturally drawn to saber duels.
I was one of the few guys who was still on 56k ..so I carried around 200-400 ping on every server I went.
Around that time, I ran into a great Swedish dueler named Lizzano who would 10-0 every duel game, becoming one of my inspirations. To this day, it still seems strange to me that even the oldest euro duelers still do not recall who he is, but I'm fairly certain that his style, much like the more well-known Swede player Papewaio, served as the progenitor to the modern dueling style.
For some reason I joined a german clan called =-RaK-=. They were a bunch of nice guys..but being german, they spoke almost that exclusively, so I never felt like I fit in, especially with my 400 ping.
Lizzano eventually introduced me to the Darkside duels servers which tracked win/loss stats of any given player. They were almost exclusively North American (NA) servers, and this as also my introduction to the NA community. I remember that 'stat-whores' would hide their names as Padawan in order to protect their own stats when stronger players joined the servers. Some of the best players I remember from Darkside was Windforce, who much like Lizzano, wiped servers out consistently but yet a forgotten name in the community today. I also met Acrobat, one of my oldest friends that I know in jk2. Other good/decent players I remember from NA Darkside: jet chan, genesis, typhon. From the euro Darkside servers, I've only heard of, but never played PaNick, who according to many euros was one of the best at the time.
During this period there was concurrently another set of stat tracking servers called BWN servers. They featured well remembered NA clans such as sdf, skx, fots, <<aim>>, wov, master, sin, and a whole bunch of others.. with sdf being perhaps the well known. In my opinion, many of the so-called 'best players in the world' from these clans were completely overrated (eg: viper, xexx, vega, protoman, spathi).
Also worth mentioning is there was a well known tournament during this time that I remember Acrobat won matches against almost all the best players of the time before falling to sdf Omniscient in a closely contested game.
Great players of 2003-2004:
Many of the older NA duel clans dissipated during this time period, but some new ones were formed, such as LM and JSA. Of the former sdf players, the one who really developed was YoungBlood (YB), who quickly took the duel community by storm. For a couple of years, he was untouchable (although his exceptional 25-35 ping probably contributed a bit, and for those who are wondering, yes there is a WORLD of difference between even 35 ping and 50 ping). He was without a doubt, one of the top 5 NA duelers of all time. ICE, flashflood, and Tragedy were also some great duelers that I remember. Another great dueler, president zer0 came to prominence during this time in the euro community. His style, much like Lizzano's probably influenced a great number of modern european duelers. There were several other duelers around this time too with whom I thought was even better than zer0, such as pax mop, pax simi, and president slayer.
2005 and onwards: To be continued....if and when I feel like writing this much crap again
- darthy the historian (<3 miso soup, impy, scorpy, jamby, acrobat)


Parke County is named for Benjamin Parke. Mr. Parke was an Indiana territory delegate.
Parke county was organized in 1821 but it was not until January of 1824 that an official commission was formed to determine a location for a permanent seat of justice.
Before then the court was held in the surrounding settlements of Roseville, Armiesburg, and Montezuma, all near the Wabash River, with a circuit judge presiding.
The first three commissioners were: General Joseph Carr, General Arthur Patterson, and Colonel Thomas Smith.
The first courthouse burned in 1832 and the second courthouse was torn down in 1879. The present courthouse was started in May 1879 and on February 22, 1882 its completion was observed with an all day celebration and open house.
The Parke County Courthouse is located at
116 West High Street
Courthouse hours are 8:00 am - 4:00 pm Monday through Friday.
For more information send an email to email@example.com.


(For a great local history by Dennis Stern, click here.)
In 1964, Charley Fairbanks, an engineer with Mountain Bell Telephone in Colorado, put a beeping mechanism in a large soft-ball, giving the visually impaired their first chance to play America's most popular sport, baseball. Although Fairbanks is credited with designing the first "beepball" it took a group of Minnesotans to put together the firs Beep Baseball team.
According to the NBBA, a number of things fell into place in order to make Beep Baseball a reality. "In the spring of 1975, a very important event happened when the Minnesota Telephone Pioneers presented John Ross, Director of the Braille Sports Foundation, with a newly designed beep ball. The new beep ball was a 16 inch ball with an improved sound module designed to withstand the impact of being hit solidly. Ross took the ball and along with some of his other blind friends, began experimenting with new rule adaptations to make the game more like regular baseball. Word of the experimental game spread across the Mississippi River to a group of blind athletes in St. Paul. Dennis Huberty, organizer of the St. Pautites, contacted Ross and competitive beep baseball was born. The two teams engaged in weekend games throughout that summer. By the end of that summer, Ross and Huberty sat down and wrote a new set of guidelines that became known as the 'Minnesota Rules.' The main thrust of those original rules was the creation of a modified version of baseball that would allow blind people to play with honor and dignity."
Beep Baseball was born. Ross and Hubert worked on developing better rules and the Braille Sport Foundation (now in St Louis Park, Minnesota) publicized the game around the country. Players in San Francisco and Phoenix took up the sport and games were scheduled for the fall.
The Braille Sport Foundation, through their "Feeling Sports" publication, set up a meeting in Chicago in March of 1976 for anyone interested in developing the sport. A "dirty dozen" got started and put together goals and timelines and started the National Beep Baseball Association (NBBA). They then planned the first NBBA World Series for later that fall.
That championship series took place at Dunning field in St. Paul, (the same field that Billy Peterson coached Hall of Fame members Paul Molitor and Dave Winfield). In front of 1,500 vocal fans, the Saint Paul Gorillas defeated the Phoenix Thunderbirds by a score of 36 to 27. Beep Baseball had arrived, and the NBBA became the legitimate authority for the game.
Some other teams across the country:
Coventry South Sharks
Houston Youth Beep Baseball
Kansas All Stars
Long Island Bombers


With a working experience in Huazhong Institute of Technology (HIT) for 31 years, Zhu Jiusi (1916-2015), former President and Chair of the Party Committee of HIT, is a well-reputed educator in China. With his “ambition for revolution”, “insight on journalism” and “passion for education”, Zhu has made a fundamental contribution to transforming the once small-scale engineering college into today’s high-level comprehensive Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). That’s why he is deemed as “the Father of HIT”. His school-running ideal can be summarized as “The foundation of a university lies in its faculty, the road of development for a university lies in its comprehensiveness, the root of a university is in its scientific research, and the soul of a university echoes in its academic freedom.” This ideal has profoundly influenced his successors until today, making HUST “the epitome of China’s development in higher education since the founding of the PRC”.
In 1916, Zhu Jiusi was born in a merchant’s family who ran a cloth shop. In 1929, he was admitted to Yangzhou High School, a renowned provincial high school with a team of outstanding teachers and advanced teaching equipment. After the September 18 Incident in 1931, the whole Chinese nation was in grave danger. It is in those troubled times that Zhu Jiusi spent his teenage years. At that time, he was very fond of literature and read many modern literary works, from which he gradually absorbed some progressive revolutionary ideas. In addition, he also found his interest in foreign languages. He started to learn English from primary school, which laid a solid foundation for his later learning. In high school, Zhu also learned Japanese and Esperanto. In May 1935, just before graduating from high school, he was detained by a County Division of Kuomintang for participating in an activity organized by the Suzhou Esperanto Association, which was charged to be related to the Communist Party of China. In fact, he hadn’t joined the Party at that time. Although he was released only three days later, the young man was emotionally disturbed by the detention, which further increased his antipathy towards Kuomintang.
After graduating from high school in 1935, Zhu’s elder brother persuaded his family to fund Zhu’s college education, and for this, Zhu held his infinite gratitude to him. Nanjing, the capital city at that time, was not far from Yangzhou, and it took only six hours from Nanjing to Yangzhou by boat along the Yangtze River and the Grand Canal. Therefore, Zhu’s father suggested he study at National Central University in Nanjing. However, Zhu had a mind of his own and chose Wuhan University and applied for a study program with a major in philosophy education and a minor in English.
As the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was approaching, the whole nation entered a critical moment for its survival. Zhu’s worries for his homeland began in 1931, when the Japanese began its invasion of China in the September 18 Incident. He had read a great number of translated works of western progressive literature and socialist thoughts. In this way, he realized that China’s struggle for freedom and liberation was gradually unfolding. During his freshman year, he wrote an essay on ideological progress but it was criticized several times by Su Xuelin, a conservative and traditional Chinese teacher, as “a common stereotyped writing”, or a proletarian “stereotyped writing”. However, he was introduced by a classmate to a progressive student group, Wuhan University Revolutionary Salvation League, the members of which would meet in secret to discuss state affairs and consider how to save the country from risks. This organization also was closely related to other progressive groups in China.
In October 1937, when Zhu was a sophomore, he received the last letter from his family, along with 70 yuan. The letter said that the Japanese had attacked Shanghai and would soon attack Yangzhou. Despite the impending disaster, his elder brother still encouraged him to finish his studies and follow the instruction of the school if a transfer was needed at any time. For Zhu, receiving the letter signaled an end of his college life. He joined the Party and decided to apply for continuing his studies in Yan’an Revolutionary Base Area. The Party asked Zhu to strictly keep confidential and he could not even tell his family about this. He knew that his family would never agree with it, but he felt strongly that they would somehow understand and support him. In December, the Japanese troops invaded Nanjing and stationed in Yangzhou a few days later. At this critical time, Zhu Jiusi had already left Wuhan for Yan’an.
At the end of December, 1937, Zhu arrived in Yan’an, where he studied for six months at the Chinese People’s Anti-Japanese Military and Political College and later became a teacher there for 3 months. During this period, many of his close friends and colleagues sacrificed their lives in the war. In December 1938, the Party decided to establish two branches of the college in the anti-Japanese base areas behind the enemy lines, one in southeast Shanxi Province and the other in the mountainous area of Hebei Province. The latter is only a few hundred kilometers away from the south of Beijing. Many revolutionary base areas would pass through this area whether one travels from south Beijing to Hebei or from west Tianjin to Datong. He clearly remembered that Luo Ruiqing, the then Vice President of the college, read out their names one by one, and Zhu Jiusi was assigned to the latter campus. Due to the rugged terrain, they spent a month on the way to the campus, which was located in a small village of 100 families. They began working as instructors guiding a team of students, and later teaching them political courses, which were about the history of the Chinese revolution and social development. There were too many students, but no room was large enough in the village to accommodate their study. As a result, more than 100 students had to sit on the floor. In addition, without any textbooks, teachers could only prepare for classes by memory.
In 1942, Zhu Jiusi began to serve as the Chief of Publicity of the three military divisions at the Jin-Cha-Ji Base Area. The place was not far from the famous Ding County where Yan Yangchu (Y. C. James Yen) conducted his famous experiment on rural civilization education. That’s why the farmers there had generally high literacy levels. At this time, Zhu wrote a letter to his family, telling his elder brother that he was working as a teacher in a rural school in Hebei Province, and later learned that his parents had passed away in that year.
After the surrender of Japan in 1945, Zhu Jiusi left the army, went to Rehe and became the Deputy Editor (later Chief Editor) of Hebei-Rehe-Liaoning Daily. When the then Chief Editor Li Rui invited him at the very beginning, Zhu thought he had to be loyal to the army. Therefore, Li Rui visited relevant leaders and claimed that the publicity work was just as important as being on a battleground. That’s how the army finally agreed Zhu’s transfer to the publicity career. Later, he was sent to Harbin to purchase paper, where he met his wife Wang Jing. The couple returned to Rehe in the fall of 1947 and got married next January.
In 1949, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) stationed in Beijing. Back then, Zhu Jiusi served as the Chief Editor of Tianjin Daily. In August, Zhu successively served as the Deputy Editor and the Chief Editor of New Hunan News, which was under the leadership of the Party. Experience in journalism broadened his horizons, enabling him to observe and understand the world from new perspectives. He covered political, economic, cultural, military and agricultural hot news from both domestic and international perspectives. He worked at this post for more than 3 years until he was designated as the Executive Deputy Director of the Education Department of Hunan Province in January 1953.
In June 1953, he was informed by his superiors that he would be transferred to Wuhan, where a new engineering university, namely HIT, was to be built. A career that could give a full play to his outstanding leadership and education skills was waiting. It is precisely because of his revolutionary experience over a decade that Zhu was able to be forward-looking, enterprising and capable when he later took the lead in his work at HIT. He played an important role in the future transformation of HIT from a science and engineering school to a comprehensive university.
The greatest contribution made by Zhu Jiusi to HIT was changing its discipline structure from a single engineering college to a comprehensive university that integrates science, engineering, literature and management. In addition, he made great efforts in building up a talent group by finding many intellectuals during the Cultural Revolution and providing them with suitable platforms. That’s how HIT attracted a group of excellent teachers back then. Zhu claimed that, “When I served as the President of HIT, I mainly did two and a half creative works: the first was to put forward new ideas for development, namely to ‘build a comprehensive university’ and ‘scientific research plays a dominant role in higher education’; the second was to take an unconventional approach to gather a large number of talents; and the last half I did was planting trees for afforestation.” With its well-defined structure and clear directions, Zhu’s groundbreaking contributions have laid a foundation for the future development of the institute.
Zhu Jiusi, with his vision, mind and profound thoughts, stands as an everlasting monument in the history of HUST.
Edited by：Gou Bingbing, Peng Yumeng


(From the archives, 2014.09.06) Edited by James A. Bear Jr. & Lucia C. Stanton, and originally printed in 1997 as a part of the Second Series of the Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Jefferson's Memorandum Books: Accounts, with Legal Records and Miscellany, 1767-1826 constitutes a rich and detailed record of many facets of not only Jefferson's life, but of his associates and the times: Legal notations, cash accounts, miscellaneous memoranda, meteorological records, even wine lists are here, recorded systematically by a man whose intellectual capital we still find hard to comprehend. All of this information is made coherent, given context, and enriched by the annotations, which stand as a significant achievement in documentary editing.
I had the honor of working with Documents Compass, a digital initiative of the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, on converting this two volume set into TEI conformant XML. The conversion will support future online publication of the Memorandum Books, and extracts of capsule biographies from the Memorandum Book annotations will be used to provide additional content for the People of the Founding Era project.


Manila mayor attends Philippine Cultural College's 100th year and art exhibit
In a show of support for the thriving cultural heritage of the Philippines, Manila Mayor Honey Lacuna-Pangan graced the ribbon-cutting ceremony of the art exhibit commemorating the 100th year anniversary of the Philippine Cultural College. The ceremony took place on Monday, June 5, and marked a significant milestone for the esteemed Filipino-Chinese secondary school.
Located at the prestigious Lucky Chinatown Mall, the art exhibit showcased a diverse array of artistic expressions. Paintings, photographs, and various art forms created by students and alumni adorned the gallery walls, providing a captivating visual experience for visitors.
As the oldest Filipino-Chinese secondary school in the country, the Philippine Cultural College has played a vital role in nurturing young talents and preserving the rich Filipino-Chinese culture. This art exhibit served as a platform to highlight the school's commitment to promoting cultural appreciation and artistic expression.
Mayor Honey Lacuna-Pangan expressed her admiration for the contributions of the Philippine Cultural College and its significant milestone. She emphasized the importance of fostering cultural diversity and promoting artistic endeavors in the city. The mayor's presence at the ribbon-cutting ceremony showcased her support for the school and her dedication to promoting the arts in Manila.
The art exhibit, which aims to foster a deeper understanding and appreciation for Filipino-Chinese culture, will remain open to the public until June 11. Visitors can explore the vibrant artworks and immerse themselves in the rich tapestry of the Filipino-Chinese artistic tradition.
This momentous event serves as a testament to the resilience and cultural heritage of the Philippine Cultural College, as well as a celebration of its century-long legacy. The art exhibit stands as a testament to the school's commitment to nurturing young talents and preserving the Filipino-Chinese cultural identity.
By showcasing these remarkable artworks, the Philippine Cultural College continues to make significant contributions to the artistic landscape of Manila. The exhibit provides a platform for both students and alumni to showcase their talents and inspire future generations of artists.
As the art exhibit captivates visitors with its vibrant displays, it also serves as a reminder of the importance of preserving and celebrating cultural diversity. Through artistic expression, the Filipino-Chinese community continues to make invaluable contributions to Manila's vibrant cultural tapestry.
The public is invited to visit the art exhibit at Lucky Chinatown Mall until June 11 to witness the remarkable talents of the Philippine Cultural College's students and alumni. It is an opportunity to appreciate their artistic achievements and gain a deeper understanding of the Filipino-Chinese culture's rich heritage.
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His Lordship, Bishop Godfrey Mary Paul Okoye, C.S.Sp., was born to a noble family of Nwazulu Okoye and as a sickly child on 19th December, 1915, at his home town Ifitte-Ukpo now known as Ifitte-Dunu in Anambra State of Nigeria. He was the last of 8 children of his mother. His father Nwazulu Okoye was a man of outstanding moral and intellectual intergrity who championed the cause of truth and justice in his locality. The qualities of his outspoken and eloquent father were impressed on the young Godfrey. Thus he had extra-ordinary wisdom, which is described as "infused knowledge" by one of our indigenous Archbishops. The Irish Holy Ghost Missionaries saw this in him, and Father Liddane of Adazi Parish where Godfrey Okoye attended his primary school, offered him a teaching post immediately after his standard six in 1931, which he passed in a record time with flying colours displaying unique brilliance and moral conduct. By this teaching post he became both an officially recognized teacher in the colonial administrative settings as well as a missionary and part of the pioneer evangelization process in Eastern Nigeria.
It was during these years as pupil Teacher from 1931 – 1935 that he manifested his leadership qualities, and acquired the apostolic zeal that became the hallmark of his entire ministry. His experiences during his pioneering teaching job welled-up in him the resolve to dedicate himself to God as a catholic Priest.
He started his journey to the priesthood in 1933 in Onitsha, as a junior seminarian, when he met Blessed Cyprian Iwene Tansi who was then a senior Seminarian. After his ordination in 1937, Fr. Tansi became his spiritual Father. It was Rev. Fr. Michael Iwene Tansi who led him through the hardships and troubled times he was besieged with both during his seminary days and as a priest. Between 1930 and 1943 Godfrey lost 3 of his brothers in quick succession, and by 1943 he was the only male left alive. This was a serious threat to his priestly vocation but the support and solid spiritual direction of Fr. Tansi held him firm. Once he attended the funeral of one of his brothers and was to go back to the seminary by 6.00pm the same day. His mother tried to reasoned with him – " Icholu ka obi mechie?" which means do you want our family to die off? He replied "if God want to take me too will you prevent him?"
Okoye was ordained a diocesan priest on 27th July, 1947 and this became the crowning moment of his entire life. By his ordination, he became one of the pioneer indigenous priests of the Igbo People. He was equally an eloquent testimony to the future indigenous aspirants to the priesthood and religious life. His first Parish work as a priest was at Elele. He lived, until his death in 1977, with an intense, obsession about the dignity of the Priesthood, which he described in his book, the glories of the Priesthood, as the greatest honour God can confer on a mortal man. He always appeared in his full regalia, in his office and saw himself as the "alter Christus". His entire personality portrayed him as "man of God and man of the church." In the Episcopal Conference, his brother bishops all called him "man of the Church".
Consumed with the desire to become a religious priest in order to offer his entire life to God in a more intimate union with Christ, he joined the Holy Ghost Fathers. He entered Novitiate in 1950 and did his First Religious Profession in 1951, all in Ireland, and thus became the 1st West African member of the Congregation. He wanted to become a Monk but God had other plans for him. He returned to Nigeria and was posted the Parish Priest of St. Martin's, Ihiala from 1952-1958. He later became the Rector of All Hallows Junior Seminary, Onitsha and eventually elected the first Bishop of Port Harcourt Diocese.
He was consecrated and installed the Bishop of Port Harcourt Diocese on 3rd September, 1961. Thereby becoming the 2nd indigenous Bishop in West Africa. Barely seven years in Port Harcourt, the Nigeria/Biafra civil war broke out and when Port Harcourt was capitulated he was rendered a Bishop without a seat. He had to take refuge in any parish where the priest welcomed him and this made him have the liberty of focusing on the needs of the time. He served as a roving ambassador for the Church and the people. He was very instrumental in getting the Caritas International Relief Agency and the World Council of Churches to bring relief materials of food and clothing to meet the basic needs of the suffering Biafran refugees and citizens. By Divine intervention, it was in the midst of this most agonizing suffering war, in a refugee condition at Ukpor a town in the Onitsha Archdiocese then, but now in Nnewi diocese that he founded the religious congregation of the Daughters of Divine Love in 1969.
Bishop Okoye was a man so full of love and so large hearted that he had a burning desire to spread this love of God and diffuse it to the four corners of the earth. His participation at the Second Vatican Council (1962-65) deepened he desire to found a new congregation whose major task would be to imbibe the spirit of the Second Vatican Council, preach the gospel of God's love to the ends of the earth in any manner they could do it hence, the non-restrictive nature of the apostolate of the Daughters of Divine Love. The time and place of the foundation of the congregation were God's own providential design. The founding of the Daughters of Divine Love congregation was not an instantaneous event. Bishop Okoye went through the due process of seeking the will of God through prayer; it was a long premeditated event which started during the Second Vatican Council and was realised during the civil war. God offered him a perfect opportunity during the war and he took advantage of it.
At the end of the civil war in 1970, he was transferred to Enugu, as Bishop of Enugu. He faced many difficulties in Enugu, and died on the 17th March 1977, leaving the the young and undeveloped Congregation of the Daughters Of Divine Love a "confused" orphan.
Bishop Godfrey Mary Paul Okoye was a Priest, a Pastor, a Religious, a Teacher, an Educator, a Missionary, a Faith Crusader, a Formator, a Church Leader with unique qualities and "infused Knowledge", a Trusted Counsellor, a Social Worker, A Visionary Leader, a Peace Crusader, a Founder, and to put all into one brief summary – a man of God, who in imitation of the Master was all things to all men. A man of many parts, a truly integrated but multi-faceted personality. In him humanity and spirituality had emerged and become one, the person and the Priest; the friend and the spiritual guide; the man of the church and the man of the people; our father Founder made God humanly attractive.


20.5.2021 (Thursday) 20:00 – 22:00
Venue: Historical building of the National Museum
(Wenceslas Square 68, Prague 1)
A welcoming evening will be held at the National Museum Cupola with a welcome drink and small snack. Due to the character of the building and its technical capabilities, entry to the Cupola is not barrier-free.
Registered participant included in the registration fee
Accompanying person € 20


Dan River District
Dan River District
What makes Dan River and Patrick County special? It's people. We are fortunate to have such a talented, educated, and diverse population. Our District and County was founded on tobacco, dairy farming and forestry. Each still play an important part of providing employment. From green houses, nurseries, cattle, tobacco, vineyards, produce, aquiculture, and small businesses; they all add to the beauty and economy of our county.
Dan River district gets its name from the Dan River which headwaters at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountain range and flows though Kibler Valley then meanders its way down into North Carolina then back into Virginia. There are 3 main rivers that headwater in the Dan River District, Dan, Little Dan and Ararat, along with many creeks and tributaries. Dan River District is rich in water resources.
If one wants to enjoy mountain beauty at its best, then you may, from the Blue Ridge Parkway, (Scenic Parkway that passes through the northern tip of Dan River District and Patrick County). Visit the lookout at Groundhog Mountain or at the Doe Run Lodge both located on the Blue Ridge Parkway. From that vantage point, one can see Claudville, Ararat, and mountains in North Carolina including Pilot Mountain, Sauratown Mountain range including Hanging Rock and Mores Knob.
Lodging is available in several locations, Primland Resort, one of the premier resorts in the USA where scenic beauty abounds, enjoy hunting, fishing, clay shooting, and golf. Also there is lovely Bed and Breakfast located through out Dan River District and Patrick County. Wolf Creek Farm Bed and Breakfast located in Ararat is a prime example as well as Cedar Creek cabins located in Claudville. More info at www.patrickchamber.com
Bring history to life at the Civil War Reenactment at Laurel Hill, Ararat, Va (Birth Place of Jeb Stuart). On the first weekend in October celebrate the life of Confederate Major General James Ewell Brown "Jeb" Stuart. With a reenactment of a Civil war battle. Also at Laurel Hill, Revolutionary War reenactment is held in the spring to commemorate William Letcher, an American Patriot who was born near Laurel Hill in Ararat. Laurel Hill was placed on the Virginia Landmark Register in 1998, and included on the National Register of Historic Places later that year.
Ararat is also home to The Hollow History Center which includes a collection of a 23,000-name genealogical database of Patrick County families and the genealogical database of J.E.B. Stuart's family. The center also has several restored log buildings and a beautiful log cabin.
Local musicians gather for a Jam Session of Mountain Music every Friday night at Willis Gap Community Center, a member of The Crooked Road. The Willis Gap section of Ararat is the home of John Bowman who is a member of the Grand Ole Opry, and currently plays with The Isaacs. This area is known for the excellent peaches, apples, and other fruits that grow well in this beautiful mountainous region of Dan River District.
Claudville is proud to be the home of the first White Space test in the World. At the urging of Congressman Rick Boucher, Spectrum Bridge along with Microsoft, Dell and others chose Claudville as the first place to test the use of the bandwidth once used by our analog TV to distribute the next generation of Broad Band Wireless Internet; the technology for the future of Broadband wireless.
Ms. Jane Fulk
Current Term Expires: 12/31/2021


Words and things, mostly words.
Yet another Republican ghoul finally sheds his mortal coil, as it was announced that 41st President of the United States, George HW Bush, died. Also a former head of the CIA, Bush was responsible for ushering in the first Iraq War, the War on Drugs, and generally did pretty terrible things. He will, of course, be lauded as a beacon of civility and subject to endless hagiography nonetheless. While nowhere as overtly awful as his dopey progeny, George W Bush, the senior Bush is deserving of all the post-mortem criticism and mockery he receives.


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Gloves Gloves Gloves
Winter is here and what is best suited for the 6th of December than to talk about gloves.
Some say that gloves go back to prehistoric times. Anyway, from the 13th century onwards gloves were worn by ladies as a fashion accessory usually made of silk or linen. It was not until the 16th century however, that gloves really became popular, when Queen Elizabeth I started to wear them.
As you can see, gloves have a long history. Nowadays they’re usually worn in winter and made of thick wool or leather. My favorite pieces I’ve found on the web you can see here:
First there are the cosy ones:
Snow Queen Gloves by LoveAndKnit
Chunky String Mittens by Topshop
Faux Sheepskin Mittens by Topshop
Lowie Nordic Fair Isle Mittens by Urban Outfitters:
Then there are the “trendy” ones (not really made to protect you against the cold) 😉
Black Leather Strape Detail by Topshop again
And the gorgeous vintage ones:
All there’s left to say: Happy glove shopping! 🙂


Abu Dhabi sightseeing tours offer visits to Abu Dhabi attractions, which give informative insight on the history and culture of this city.Abu Dhabi sightseeing tours include a trip to famous Al Ain, which is also known as Garden city. At Al Ain you can go to the famous Al Ain National Museum or visit the Hili Archaeological Garden that features archaeological finds of a Bronze Age settlement.Al Ain Old Prison offers panoramic views of the city and its surroun ding oasis. You can also visit Al Jahili Fort and the Al Ain Zoo and Aquarium during your sightseeing tour in Abu Dhabi. While you are sightseeing here, you can also shop at traditional markets, known as souks. Iranian Souk, and sites like Heritage Village give us an exact representation of how people of Abu Dhabi lived before the discovery of its huge oil reserves. The Corniche is one of the popular places in the city. A beautiful park by the sea, it is just perfect for relaxation.


It is not possible to compile a connected history of the Yavatmal District. All that can be done is to follow the course of events connected with well-known historical sites in the district or near its borders.
Yavatmal, with the rest of Berar, must have formed part of the legendary kingdom of Vidarbha mentioned in the Mahabharata, with the eponymous capital of which Bidar in the Nizam’s Dominions has been identified; and legend identifies the village of Kelapur, which gives its name to one of the talukas of the District, with Kuntalapur, one of the cities of Vidarbha; but the identification of sites in this nebulous kingdom must always be a matter of pure conjecture. The name of the kingdom has, however, been preserved in its adjectival form Vaidarbha in the east of Kelapur and flows into the Penganga.
Berar formed part of the empire of Ashoka Maurya, who reigned from 272 to 231 B.C., but before the disruption of the Maurya empire seems to have regained independence under a local chieftain, for to wards the end of the reign of Pushyamitra Sungna, who has commanded the forces of Brihadratha, the last Maurya emperor, and having slain his master, had established an independent dynasty with its capital at Vidisa, the modern Bhilsa, Agnimitra, his son, found it necessary to make war on his neighbour, the Raja of Vidarbha. The latter was defeated, and the river Wardha was made the boundary between the two kingdoms. There is no indication of the dynasty to which this Raja of Vidarbha belonged, or of the extent of his dominious; but the incident is mentioned as one, which affected Eastern Berar in times, which, in the present state of our historical knowledge, may almost be terned, prehistoric.
Vakatakas & Other Hindu Kingdoms
It is unnecessary, in considering the history of the Yavatmal District, to trace the connection of the Andhras, Sakas, Pahlavas and Yavatmal with Berar; but it is practically certain that the District with most, it not the whole, of the rest of the Province, formed part of the dominious of the Vakataka dynasty. Of this line of kings little is known; but if their capital was, as has been conjectured, at Bhandak, a village near Chandrapur, the Yavatmal District was very near the seat of Government. A short incription in Cave XVI at Ajanta gives the names of seven members of the Vakataka family, and from other sources we know that ten Rajas, the names of all of whom, save one, have been handed down, ascended the throne. The first was Vindhyasakti, who has been variously placed in A.D.275, 400, and allowing 25 years as the average length of a reign, 575; but all of these dates are very uncertain.
The Chalukyas and the Rashtrakutas have left no monuments in the District. In the latter half of the tenth century it was included in the kingdom of Vakpati II, Munja, the Paramara Raja of Malwa, whose dominions stretched southwards to the Godavari; but about 995 A.D., Taila II defeated and captured the Raja of Malwa, and Berar thus fell once more under the sway of the Chalukyas.
Towards the end of the twelfth century the Yadavas of Deorigi seized most of the northern districts of the Chalukya kingdom, but it may be doubted whether the whole, if any part, of the Yavatmal District was annexed by this dynasty. The eastern tracts were probably occupied by the Gonds, whose power in the neighborhood of Chandrapur seems to have waxed as that of the Chalukyas waned.
In 1853 the District was assigned, with the rest of Berar, to the East India Company. No disturbance took place within it limits during the Mutiny, and its history since that time has been uneventful, consisting merely of a record of steady progress.
Berar on its assignment, was divided into the two District of East and West Berar, with their headquarters at Amravati and Akola; and the Yavatmal District, with the exception of the Pusad taluka, was included in the former, but in 1864 the taluka of Yavatmal, Darwha, Kelapur, and Wani were formed into a District termed at first South east Berar, and afterwards Wani. The assignment terminated in 1903 when Berar was leased by the Nizam to the Government of India, and was transferred from the administration of the Resident at Hyderabad to that of the Central Provinces. In 1905, after the lease, the six Districts of Berar were reconstituted and Wani received from the Basim District, which was broken up, the taluka of Pusad. The designation of the District was at the same time changed from Wani to Yavatmal.
(Source – Yavatmal District Gazetteer)


Ghost soldier Baba Harbhajan Singh wiki wikipedia details/Indian ghost soldier interesting story will be shown.
This is a story about an Indian soldier late harbhajan singh who belonged to village Browndal ,district Kapurthala, Punjab.He was born in august 3,1946 and died on October 4,1968.Like every soldier of an army the uniform makes you look smart, brave and with a sense of proud in it. But you would be wondering that why this article is mentioning him as a ghost,so this is how the story begins.
Ghost soldier Baba Harbhajan Singh wiki wikipedia details/Indian ghost soldier
After Indo-China war, soldier Harbhajan Singh (Punjab regiment)was escorting a crowd of mules in remote areas of Sikkim.He accidentally got drown into a fast flowing stream and got lost in Nathula pass near Eastern Sikkim.he was searched continuously for three days by search party but all went in vein.
How his body was recovered ?
You would find it quite strange but the patrolling party was itself led by ghost of soldier Harbhajan singh and showed them the place where his body was lying.He came to his friend’s dream and guided him about the place and instructed him to make a shrine for his Samadh in hill and this is how he came to be known as the ghost soldier.But the story did not end yet.
Legends of the ghost soldier Baba Harbhajan Singh wiki wikipedia details/Indian ghost soldier :
It is believed that the ghost soldier Baba Harbhajan Singh remains still on duty and he would warn Indian and Chinese soldiers 3 days in advance prior to war.In the camp at Nathula pass ,everyday his shoes are polished and uniform is kept ready along with his bed because bed sheets are found crumpled every morning and his boots are found dirty every evening.would you believe that !!..
Interesting facts about Ghost Soldier Baba Harbhajan Singh :
- Along with two months annual leave ,a first class berth in Indian railways is booked for him as on every 24th September his personal belongings are sent from nearest station to Jalpaiguri to his native village kuka, kapurthala,Punjab.
- Ghost soldiers name still exists in army payrolls and he gets promotion and monthly cheques which are sent to his mother each month.
- Interestingly his colleague in army days Mr. Pyara Singh has registered court case against Indian army and ministry of defence for continuing services for a soldier who died a long ago.
- Indian soldiers present in the areas near Nathula pass still feel his presence while patrolling and being on duty.
Baba harbhajan singh memorial has been built in his memory which is maintained by Indian army.it is situated on the high hills at an elevation of 4000mts on Nathu la-Jalep la road.


Taylor Drug opened its doors on January 03, 1936. It was started by Dave Taylor. It was originally located at 27 East Main Street in American Fork, Utah. It took over operation for Dorton Drug which failed during the Great Depression.
Ray Beasley eventually purchased Taylor Drug and he owned and operated the store for many years. He moved the store to its current location at 76 N 1100 E in American Fork, in 1976 where the store continues to operate today.
In 1998, Ray sold the store to a partnership of Ron Moody and Rich Barton. This partnership continued for many years until Ron sold his portion of the store to Dan Barton & Clayton Grace, making up the current ownership of Rich Barton, Dan Barton, & Clayton Grace.
On Valentines Day 2019 (02/14/2019), a second location of Taylor Drug opened in Lindon, Utah. It’s located where the Utah-Idaho Supply Store (the “map” store) was located.


The history of pinball machines goes very far back. Initially it began as an outdoor game that involved rolling balls or stones on a grass or wooden course. These outdoor games eventually converted into pinball with the idea of hitting it with sticks and sending them into a specific target. These games led to being played on table and eventually it converted into pinball.
The first machines were built by a British man named Montague Redgrave, who had settled in America and was manufacturing bagatelle tables. Pinball machines are a slight modification of ancient bagatelle tables. The cues of ancient bagatelle tables were replaced with a coiled spring and a plunger. In ancient times balls were made of marbles and small pins were used as wickets. These originally pinball machines varied in shapes and sizes. Initially they were pretty large, but with the passage of time they started to get smaller to fit into pubs, bars, and even some households.
Modernizing Pinball Machines
From the 1930’s, the era of pinball headed toward a new style. Now there were coin operated games. From there, pinball machines got more and more popular. The popularity of pinball machines raised sky high as it was a cheap but very entertaining game. After World War II pinball took on a new look. Then pinball machines were available in a “Humpty Dumpty” design, with a Triple Action Playfield and a lot more shapes and styles. This was all thanks to Gottlieb, who gave these machines an amazing new look.
After the invention of the micro processor, machines were digitalized. There were digital scoring machines and sounds were suddenly added. Pinball had its ups and downs during the video machine age in 80’s; but it returned in grand style after the 90’s. Williams dominated the industry of pinball machines with complicated mechanical devices and elaborate displays with greater sound systems that attracted even more new players. It continued to evolve even more in 2005 with technological advances.
Layout and Design of Pinball Machines
The layout is pretty simple. The play field of a machine is inclined upward from 3 to 7 degrees which is a simple plain surface. There are some multiple targets and scoring objectives. The front legs are higher than the back legs in most of the types which produces more of an incline. As there is more incline, the balls get faster and more challenging to play.
Difficulties with pinball machines:
The play field level is left to right. Sometimes problems occur when there is a mismatch in the height of the legs, but it is better if the back legs are shorter as it makes the game much more entertaining and stable. The ball is put into play with a plunger, which is a spring loaded rod that strikes the marble ball when it is laid in the entry lane. In a pinball machine there is a button that signals the game to fire the ball.
Pinball is a game that can make money for the owner when it’s placed so customers can play it for a certain fee. Pinball machines are an awesome instrument that can entertain anyone at any age.


The Helsinki Agreement was a historic and significant treaty signed on August 1, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland, by 35 nations. It was a product of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) that aimed to ease tensions between the Western and Eastern blocs during the Cold War era. The agreement had far-reaching implications for human rights, security, and cooperation among nations.
The Helsinki Agreement was important for several reasons.
Firstly, it recognized and reaffirmed the principles of the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which were instrumental in promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The Agreement established a framework for greater cooperation and dialogue among nations in areas such as arms control, economic and cultural exchanges, and scientific collaboration.
Secondly, the Agreement established the CSCE, which became an influential forum for dialogue and cooperation between East and West, and later evolved into the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). The CSCE played a crucial role in easing tensions during the Cold War and helped to promote peaceful resolution of conflicts in Europe.
Thirdly, the Helsinki Agreement marked a significant shift in the international community`s approach to security. It recognized that security is not only about military power but also about economic, social, and human rights factors. This recognition paved the way for new approaches to security that focused on promoting stability, peace, and human well-being.
Fourthly, the Helsinki Agreement played a critical role in the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. The commitment to human rights and freedoms, as well as the spirit of cooperation and dialogue, helped to undermine the authoritarian regimes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union.
In conclusion, the Helsinki Agreement was an important milestone in promoting human rights, security, and cooperation among nations. It helped to ease tensions between East and West and paved the way for new approaches to security that focused on promoting peace and stability. The Agreement`s legacy is still felt today, as the OSCE continues to promote human rights, democracy, and the rule of law in Europe and beyond.


The article below seeks to explain the mystery of the SATOR square, in which I have used it’s real life mysticism to fictitiously symbolise the mysticism and illusion of time travel in my Sci Fi story. The fantasy idea of using the SATOR square as a time travel portal expands upon the mystery of the SATOR Square’s mythology, surrounding it’s secrecy and cult following through past generations.
The Sator Square;
or charm of words
APRIL 13, 2017 BY FAENA ALEPH
POSTED IN: METAPHYSICS & MYSTICISM
An ancient magical square, a palindrome of five words, has survived the passage of time as a riddle of mystery and magic.
An old word game, the Sator Square, is perhaps one of the most famous and mysterious magical puzzles of all time. It consists of arrangements of letters that, like a two-dimensional palindrome, can be read in the same way from right to left and back. The five words, of five letters each, have been found in ruins all over Europe and, like a riddle from the past, still, impress and perplex people today.
SATOR, AREPO, TENET, OPERA, and ROTAS are the five Latin voices whose arrangement, it’s believed, give the square its magical powers. It’s used, even today, as an amulet and talisman of protection. Interpretations of the square and all its variations, contradictions and controversies derive from the mystery of the word AREPO, the only one of the five words which are not Latin. Some scholars have classified it as a proper name. The most common reading of the Sator Square holds that: “The farmer/gardener (SATOR), AREPO has (TENET) and works (OPERA) the wheel or plow (ROTAS).” It’s a simple narrative that seems to hide a secret. And it does.
The magic square was originally thought to have been of Christian origin, created sometime between the third and fifth centuries. Reproductions have been found in Roman ruins in England, and in Italy and Spain. It was also believed to contain mystical symbols hidden among the letters, as it was frequently used by the early practitioners of Christianity. But the finding of a Sator Square in the ruins of Pompeii, in southern Italy, showed that the talisman was even older than had been previously thought, dating from 79 CE at least.
The letters contained in the square also contain an anagram. The phrase PATERNOSTER (“Our Father” in Latin) is repeated twice, overlapping at the letter N and forming a cross. The chances of this having been coincidence are minimal. As the phrase “Our Father” was commonly used in the Judaism of the time, some scholars believe that the Pompeii Sator Square was made by Jewish inhabitants of the ancient Italian city, and is probably related to a passage from the Old Testament Book of Ezekiel.
The most literal translation of the Sator Square might remind one of Japanese haiku in its pristine simplicity. Seen more closely, it’s as an enigma that’s survived the inclemency of time and comes to us today as a conjuring of riddles, whose 25 words have bewitched men for centuries (as did the magical expression “abracadabra”). It’s also a beautiful reminder of the profound power of words, creator of worlds and guardian of ancient secrets.
The Sator Square: How did Romans Handle Messiah?
One clue that early Romans converted to Christianity can be attributed to a mystical symbol called the Sator Square. The Sator Square is a remarkable ancient inscription found throughout the Roman Empire (1st to 4th Century ace) containing five words read as a perfect palindrome or mirror-like inscription, not only readable in forward and reverse, but also up and down.
Figure 1: SatorSquare in Oppede, France
How were the Roman Military Standards represented on the Sator Square?
The inscriptions are believed to be carved by Roman soldiers who had converted to the Christian faith. They carved this secret mystical code to testify to their faith without being discovered as traitors to the Roman deified Caesar. The following map lists the earliest locations in the Roman Empire where the Sator Square has been found:
- Manchester, & Cirencester, England
- Budapest, Hungary,
- Oppede, France
- Coimbra, Portugal
- Capestrano, Siena, Pompeii, Italy
- Dura Europos, Syria
The Sator Square was first used in the Roman Empire from the 1st to the 4th Centuries. The earliest inscription was found in the house of a baker in Pompeii which was covered by volcanic ash by the Mount Vesuvius eruption in 79 aces.
Figure 2: SatorSquare in Roman Empire. Image credit: boloji.com
The Sator Square was found in four separate inscriptions at Dura-Europos on the Euphrates, an outpost for Roman soldiers. In Pompeii, there are two inscriptions which were found buried in volcanic ash with other Christian symbols in the home of a retired Roman soldier. Given the extremely liberal atmosphere in 1st Century ace Pompeii, the soldier turned baker likely used the Sator Square as a warning talisman or prayer against the corrupt atmosphere of Pompeii. Given that Pompeii was buried in 79 aces, the dating of the Pompeii Sator Squares points to roughly 70 ace. Along with these ancient finds, the square was adopted by medieval Christians as the names of the five crucifixion wounds of Christ.
So far scholars have identified several early Christian symbols on the Sator Square. There is the symbol of the Cross formed by the word TENET; the unusual sentence likely hiding the words of the Christians’ Jesus’ prayer, Pater Noster (Latin for Our Father); and there are the letters A and O possibly representing the Greek letters Alpha and Omega which John the Christian apostle ascribed to Jesus when he wrote the book of Revelation:
See, I am coming soon; my reward is with me, to repay according to everyone’s work. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end.


Wednesday, 6 May 2020
Suzie Sunshine/Dead Forever/Barbershop Rock/Sunrise (Come My Way)
Buffalo were an Australian rock band formed in August 1971 by founding mainstay Dave Tice on lead vocals (ex-Head). Fellow founders, also from Head, were Paul Balbi on drums, John Baxter on guitar, and Peter Wells on bass guitar; together with Alan Milano on lead vocals (ex-Mandala). Milano left after their debut album, Dead Forever... (June 1972), and Balbi was replaced on drums by Jimmy Economou. Their next two albums, Volcanic Rock (July 1973) and Only Want You For Your Body (June 1974), were also issued by Vertigo Records. After 1975 line-up changes resulted in a more commercial sound and the group disbanded in March 1977. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, noted that there was "nothing subtle about Buffalo's primal, heavyweight sound, but it was delivered with a great deal of conviction ... combining the dense, occult riffing ... with the progressive blues chops ... the band certainly captured the arrogant disposition of the times in a bold and thunderous fashion". Alongside Billy Thorpe & The Aztecs and Blackfeather, Buffalo pioneered Australia's heavy metal, pub rock and alternative rock movements. Peter Wells died on 27 March 2006, aged 58.


The First Baptist Church of Elkin has been a ministry presence in the Elkin community for well over one hundred years. Organized May 18, 1889, the church has met in a number of locations, first meeting on Elk Spur Street when it was unpaved, then on West Main Street across from the Elkin Post Office beginning in 1903. In June of 1955, the church moved to its current location at the corner of Market and Gwyn where it overlooks the town to which it is called to be the presence of Christ. Regardless of where it gathers to worship and learn, FBC understands that its future has more to do with where it scatters to do ministry.
For more information about the history of FBC, see Hazel Byrd’s history of the church titled “First Century,” available in the church’s library


A selection of historic films is now available for viewing on the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Archives web pages, including the following:
• The College’s first “talkie,” 1929. ACS Founder and Director General Franklin H. Martin, MD, FACS, introduces the officers, Board of Regents, and past presidents. This film was recently transferred from the original 35mm nitrate negative to preservation quality film stock. The Nitrate Film Vault at the Library of Congress holds the original negative.
[Image Caption: American College of Surgeons Officers, Board of Regents and Past Presidents in Session at the Clinical Congress, Chicago, 1929. Courtesy American College of Surgeons Archives.]
• Surgical operation films from the Gamble Collection. Hugh Agnew Gamble, MD, FACS, recorded many of his surgical operations in the 1940s on 16mm silent color film. Dr. Gamble's grandson, Hugh A. Gamble II, MD, FACS, donated the collection to the College. The film features Refrigeration Anesthesia in the Treatment of Arteriosclerotic and Diabetic Gangrene in the Poor-Risk Patient; and Gangrene Bowel Resection.
• White Battalions, 1942. This ACS film describes modern hospital care to the layperson.
• Fractures: an Introduction. This film was produced by the Committee on Fractures and other Traumas (now the Committee on Trauma), 1948.
• To Serve All, 1963 and 1970. Past presidents and others explain the College’s history and accomplishments.
You can view these films on the ACS website. [http://www.facs.org/archives/films.html]
Approximately 100 of the films and videos in the Archives have been transferred to a digital format. The Archives also is planning a new online system that will provide visitors with access to full descriptions of all cataloged materials, including links to more films, videos, sound recordings, images, and texts. Many Archives resources are already available online.[http://www.facs.org/archives/onlineresources.html]


A welcome from Her Excellency, Amb Aleksandra Joksimovic
The ties between Serbia and Ireland go beyond the framework of diplomatic relations, whose 45th anniversary will be marked in 2022. They are deeper than it seems. The positive perception of Ireland and the Irish, as a friendly people, despite the pronounced geographical distance, is based on historical facts about the presence of Celtic tribes on the territory of today’s Serbia. Our capital, Belgrade, is one of the oldest cities in Europe thanks to the Celts who founded it in the 3rd century BC under the name Singidun (the word dūn (on) means a settlement or fortress and is preserved in the name of London – Lundūn). Serbia does not forget the Irish comrades in the WWI, the heroism of the 10th Irish Division that guarded the retreat of the Serbian army during the withdrawal in 1915, as well as the Irish origin of Flora Sands, the first female officer in the Serbian army.
Hidden but no less important are the threads that connect the cultures of our two countries. Prominent Irish playwright and Nobel laureate George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) considered Cyrillic the most perfect alphabet in the world. In his will, he bequeathed the then amount of almost 370 thousand pounds to anyone who managed to reform and simplify the English alphabet to be modeled after Vuk’s rule “one letter, one voice”. Serbia is woven into the work of Rebecca West “Black Lamb and the Gray Falcon”, and Ireland in the melodies of the Serbian band Orthodox Celts for almost three decades.
As Ambassador, I shall do my best in enhancing overall bilateral relations between Serbia and Ireland thus bringing two nations as close as possible.HE Ms Aleksandra Joksimovic, Serbian Ambasador in the UK
Our economic cooperation is modest in scope but of great potential. Therefore, we expect that with its activities, the Irish-Serbian Chamber of Commerce will facilitate communication between business entities in Serbia and Ireland and thus contribute to the recognition of potential and ultimately to a more significant improvement of trade and investment cooperation. At the same time, we strongly welcome the presence of Irish companies in Serbia, but also Serbian ones in Ireland, and we are convinced that, by sharing the positive experiences of our business, they will attract the interest of other companies for our two markets.


It’s coming up on the 25th anniversary of the Gardner Museum heist and a new book is coming out. But one reporter who had been on the trail of the lost paintings recalls his close brush with what might have been the missing Rembrandt (or might not.)
The hallway in the Brooklyn warehouse was dark, the space cramped. But soon there was a flashlight beam, and I was staring at one of the most sought-after stolen masterpieces in the world: Rembrandt’s “Christ in the Storm on the Sea of Galilee.”
Or was I?


60th Anniversary Events in Hawaii - September - November 2021
Click on the link to view the short ceremony at the JFK Monument on the UHH campus near the Mookini Library pn sunday Nov. 21, 2021. The ceremony included: a brief history of Peace Corps Training at UH Hilo; a Mahalo to Mary Louise Haraguchi, UHH Hawaiian Collections and Peace Corps Archivist and to Ethel Aiko Oda, PC Training Staff Psycologist; brief presentation by the RPCVHI President; and a lei presentation at the JFK monument.
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TWO RPCVS TELL THEIR STORIES. LISTEN TO THEIR CONVERSATIONS.
1. NPR, 11/11/2021: Retired Big Island teacher Patricia Richardson shares her story on "The Conversation with Catherine Cruz"
2. Tondalaya Gillespie was interviewed by the Nunn School of Oral History at the University of Kentucky about her Peace Corps experience.
About Phil Olsen
Phillip Buck Olsen was born in Duluth, Minnesota to Norwegian immigrant parents. He spent much of his youth in the Adirondacks in upstate New York. Phil was a proud graduate of Wesleyan University, majoring in English and a 1958 graduate of UCLA, earning a master’s degree in Journalism.
He started working as a youth, then was commissioned as an officer pilot in US Air Force. He later worked in public relations for Western Airlines. In 1961 he responded to President Kennedy’s historic challenge to, “Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country,” by joining the Peace Corps. He was a member of Group IV Philippines. Phil spent four years in the Philippines, where he taught school, and then became a Volunteer Leader for 240 Peace Corps volunteers. In 1965, he worked at Peace Corps Washington as desk officer for the Near East, North Africa, Asia and Pacific regions. In 1967 he became Director of Peace Corps Training in Hawaii, where 3,000+ Peace Corps volunteers were trained to serve in Asia and in the Pacific during his five years as director. After leaving the training center, Phil was appointed Associate Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Hawaii Manoa.
He was a professional pilot, an FAA flight instructor, commander in the Civil Air Patrol Aloha State Search & Rescue Squadron from 1972-79, while still working at the University of Hawaii. He was a longtime active member of the Church of the Crossroads in Honolulu. Over the years, he was also an active member of the Aircraft Writers and Pilots Association, the Elks Club, the Foreign Affairs Association, the Honolulu Symphony Guild, the Quiet Birdmen, the Returned Peace Corps Volunteers of Hawaii, and served as Board Member and Vice President of the Honolulu Marathon.
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We have added a few interesting documents about Phil Olsen's life.
Click on the document names to read more.
The individual slides are below; just scroll and read at your own pace.
Or here is a link to the entire pdf file.
Enter your text here.