Board of Directors Meeting
January 28, 1979
(Typed by Jackie Mitchell, Sec. 1989 from summary in February 1979 issue Endurance News, to complete catalogue of minutes of AERC Board Meetings.
July 1989 This is typed exactly as appeared in the newsletter.)
The meeting was opened at 8:15 am by President Dave Clagett. Board members in attendance: Vice president, Lew Hollander; Secretary/Treasurer, Marion Arnold; Directors-at-Large, Bruce Branscomb; Neel Glass; Terry Hecker; Jim Remillard; Regional Driectors: Pat Fitzgerald; Virl Norton; Terry Eastlake; Pat Ireland, representing Roger Taylor; Jackie Grape; Hanne Hollander; Elene Bonine; Tom Van Gelder; Louise Reidel.
Marion Arnold read the minutes from the Board Meeting held at the 1978 convention. The minutes were amended and approved.
Pat Fitzgerald presented the tentative financial statement. Lew Hollander asked about there being nothing this year in the financial statement for any clerical costs. Pat explained that Donna Fitzgerald did most of the correspondence and Marianne Clagett did the points, both without renumeration. Louise Reidel asked if phone calls had been reimbursed by AERC. Pat said no. Tom Van Gelder moved, that the Fitzgeralds and Clagetts be reimbursed for their end of year phone calls. Seconded by Virl Norton. Passed.
The Board agreed to President Dave Clagett's policy to have AERC reimburse anyone for postage or phone calls made on behalf of AERC. The tentative financial statement was approved.
The convention site for 1979 was discussed. All agreed at this time the Reno area offered the best all-around package. Elene Bonine mentioned that in the not to far future we will need to explore holding the convention in a more easterly location. Pat Fitzgerald pointed out that the Nugget did not charge us for the use of the facilities. The only charge was for the banquet, coffee, etc. President Dave Clagett discussed the possibility at some later date of the President being sent to represent AERC at each of the Regional meetings to hand out regional awards. Jackie Grape said this should be one of the items (convention location) that should be included in a survey of the members. It was moved by Tom Van Gelder, seconded by Virl Norton to again hold the convention at the Nugget for 1979. Approved. Next years convention is tentatively set for the last weekend in January, 1980, same location. President Dave Clagett to appoint a convention chairman.
A discussion was held as to the due dates of membership dues and any grace period to be allowed. Dues will remain the same. $12.00 for an individual membership, and $17.00 for a family membership. All dues are due and payable by April 1st. Dues received by June 1st will allow for the retroactive inclusion of all rides and points for the year. Any membership dues received after June 1st will allow for the counting of rides and miles from that point on only.
There will be no retroactive rides or points allowed in considering standings for the National and Regional point or mileage awards. The board’s stand is "No pay, No points." after June 1st. Marion Arnold suggested that the AERC allow retroactive inclusion of the most recent ride done by a new member. Pat Fitzgerald had already moved, seconded by Jim Remillard, that we accept the above procedure and would not accept the amendment as presented by Marion. Pat's motion was approved.
Pres. Dave Clagett discussed that he will try to obtain a sponsor for the National and Regional awards this year. Possibly Shell Oil Company, who he understands sponsored the awards this year for NATRC. Also he feels with the help of Harold Cassen who has agreed to handle the newsletter we can greatly reduce the cost of the newsletter through advertising. All agreed we should have a Yearbook again for 1979.
There was a discussion regarding the Junior Advisor, Bernice Kalland, no longer having a vote on the Board of Directors. Pat Fitzgerald suggested reappointment of Bernice as Junior Advisor. Pres. Dave Clagett was in agreement but pointed out this still did not give a vote on the Board for the Junior Advisor. Lew Hollander suggested that we might possibly appoint a Junior to the board. They would have no vote unless we amended the By-laws. Tom Van Gelder volunteered to assist Bernice as .Junior Advisor thus giving a vote to the ideas forthcoming from them. President Clagett asked Bernice if this met with her approval, and would she continue as a joint advisor with Tom. She was agreeable. It was agreed that next year at the convention we would have the Juniors elect a non-voting representative to attend the Board of Directors meeting.
A discussion was held on this years trophies. There was agreement that they liked this years awards and instructed President Clagett to continue with this as a standard award for the near future.
A very lengthy discussion was held regarding the ride with very small number of riders, including elevators. The suggestion was made and accepted to include the number of starters/finishers and fastest time recorded from the previous year, be included as additional information on our ride list of AERC sanctioned rides. Also to ask all rides to include on our ride results form all riders who started but did not finish for our records. The Board was in agreement to these two ideas. No minimum number of riders was set, however the Board did pass three important motions regarding sanctioning requirements. In addition to the current rule that a ride must be at least 50 miles the first day, a motion by Pat Fitzgerald was carried making a minimum of 50 miles each day. In addition a motion by Jim Remillard was passed which restricts elevator rides to segments of 50 miles each, i.e., to elevate from the original 50 mile ride, the next step would have to be 100 miles. Also the board approved a motion by Marion Arnold, which was seconded by Bruce Branscomb that the maximum number of days and mileage which will be considered by AERC is 200 miles in three (3) days.


Espersen & Son was founded in 2019 by Dr. Ryan Espersen, a Caribbean historical archaeologist who relocated to BC's Lower Mainland. Dr. Espersen is an expert in material culture of Europe and the Americas from the 17th to 20th centuries. He lived on the island of Saba (Dutch Caribbean) for seven years and worked extensively across the eastern Caribbean on archaeological excavations on land and at sea. He has worked closely with local governments as a cultural heritage consultant, represented Saba for UNESCO, and was instrumental in founding the Saba National Park. From Langley, BC, Espersen & Son seeks to connect people and business to their region's past through historical set design consultation and by creatively re-purposing discarded artifacts.


The Highlands at Morristown Station - Morristown, NJ
This project was awarded through an RFP process by New Jersey Transit to develop a parcel adjacent to the Morristown Train Station. The design of the 214-unit luxury multi-family rental building included the construction of an attached 714-space structured parking garage and renovated train platform on behalf of NJ Transit.
Epstein's Redevelopment - Morristown, NJ
This master-planned, mixed-use community is located in the bustling hub of historic Morristown. The master plan for the redevelopment of this former department store was awarded the 2007 NJ Future Smart Growth Award. The development consists of a seven-story, 76-unit condominium building with 50,000 square feet of retail overlooking the historic Morristown Green, a seven-story, 134-unit luxury multi-family apartment building with 10,000 square feet of retail space, a 36- unit loft condominium building, a 20-unit townhome site, and a separate 9-unit townhome site. An important element of the redevelopment was a land-swap with the Morristown Board of Education and the Morristown Parking Authority that enabled the Parking Authority to construct an 800 space central garage for use of the residents and shoppers in downtown Morristown.
The Landings at Harborside - Perth Amboy, NJ
The project was awarded through a competitive concept design bidding process. As the designated re-developer, the company was instrumental in laying the foundation for Perth Amboy's $600 million waterfront re-development project which includes 2,500 residential units and an associated retail development of 200,000 square feet.
Port Imperial, NJ (Various For-Sale Projects)
Port Imperial consists of approximately 200 acres of Hudson River waterfront property on the Gold Coast of Hudson County, NJ across from Midtown Manhattan. The relevant projects include the development and sales programs at Hudson Club (344 units), The Brownstones (42 units), and Henley on Hudson (164 units).
Vail Mansion - Morristown, NJ
This 36-unit luxury condominium was built as an addition to an historic mansion built by the first chairman of AT&T, Theodore Vail, in 1917. As the mansion was on the NJ State Register of Historic Places, the company worked extensively with an historic preservation architect and the NJ Office of Historic Preservation. The development included the construction of a structured parking garage for use by residents and the general public that was deeded to the Morristown Parking Authority. The Mansion itself will one day be used for retail purposes or a restaurant.
Aspen Glen - Manchester, CT
The ground-up development of a 440-unit luxury apartment community featuring one and two bedroom apartment homes plus a clubhouse and on-site community recreation facility.
Hamden Woods - Hamden, CT
The ground-up development of a 400-unit luxury apartment community featuring one and two bedroom apartment homes plus a clubhouse and on-site community recreation facility.
Longview - Montville, NJ
The most successful townhome community built in Morris County, New Jersey with over 500 distinguished luxury townhomes with average resale prices of $700,000 per unit.
The Townhomes at Hunting Ridge - Parsippany, NJ
A 200-unit luxury townhome community.
The Villas at Jumping Brook - Neptune, NJ
A 150 small lot single family active adult community.
The Townhomes at Hunting Meadow - Lincoln Park, NJ
A 96-unit townhome community.
Prospect Tower (Addition) - Hackensack, NJ
203 luxury multi-family rental unit low-rise addition to an existing high-rise tower.
Atlantic Hills - Manahawkin, NJ
A 95 lot active adult single family community.
Tower 31, 9 West 31st Street - New York, NY
A 300-unit luxury high-rise multi-family rental tower.
High Ridge - Montville, NJ
An enclave of 100 custom-designed homes situated in one of the most sought-after locations in Montville.
Bear's Nest - Park Ridge, NJ
The most successful townhome community in Bergen County, consisting of 200 townhomes ranging from 4,000 to 5,000 square feet. Notably, former President Richard Nixon retired to Bear's Nest post presidency.
The Enclave at Westwood - Bergen County, NJ
A luxury townhome community with 43 distinctive homes, located in prestigious Bergen County. The project catered to the empty nester and sold out in record time.
Ridgeview Estates - Township of Washington, Bergen County, NJ
An infill site of 15 luxurious single-family homes.
Centennial Ridge - Carmel, NY
A collection of 54 single-family homes ranging up to 4,000 square feet and built on one-acre lots overlooking the Centennial Golf Course.
Developed and built an 80,000 square foot, climate controlled self-storage facility as a joint venture with a New Jersey based private REIT.


|Day Charter around Koh Samui and Koh Pha Ngan|
Sailing Boat Charter Koh Samui
...is a beautiful 63 foot, traditional wooden ketch called a Pinisi. Made of teak, ironwood and bangkirai, the Kaisso Kaia was built in Pulau Bonerate, southern Sulawesi, Indonesia in 1999 by the Konjo boat builders. Since then it has been thoroughly renovated in 2006 in the island of Phuket, Thailand.
She is designed with every comfort and equipment needed to make your day on-board safe and comfortable. Whether you are looking for adventure or respite, we will take you to the most exotic, deserted and magical beaches, for an unforgettable experience at sea.
A Little History
Reknowned for their maritime culture, and their ships (the Pinisis), the Bugis from southern Sulawesi sailed one of the last fleets of sailing ships in the world. This allowed them to transport goods and to practise fishing between the islands as they had always done and which was how they reigned the seas for centuries. The ships of the Bugis even sailed to the Australian coast, where they left drawings of their boats in the stone and words that were eventually integrated into the language of the aboriginals of Australia.
Located at the crossroads of highly travelled sea routes, Southern Sulawesi and its capital, the large port of Ujung Pandang, remains today the entrance point for Eastern Indonesia. The Spanish and Portuguese galleons, followed by the British and Dutch tradesmen, sailed in these seas in search of spices under the escort of their soldiers to protect themself from the attacks carried by the intrepid Bugis and their frightening Pinisis.
Type : Pinisi Ketch
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A collection of rare photographs from the New York Public Library that show the iconic Statue of Liberty under construction in Paris in. The Statue was named “ Liberty was agreed that the American people were to build the. Monument Builders: Statue of Liberty for iPad, iPhone, Android, Mac & PC! Travel back in time and relive the building of the Statue of Liberty!!.
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More than separate sheets of copper, each hand-hammered over an individual mold, went into the outside, or envelope, of the statue to form the figure. Liberty and Ellis Island ferry map". After the United States entered World War I in , images of the statue were heavily used in both recruitment posters and the Liberty Bond drives that urged American citizens to support the war financially. They left December 28 following a Federal Court order. Careful study had revealed that the right arm had been improperly attached to the main structure. In June the head of the statue was shown the gardens of the Champ de Mars in Paris for the Universal Exhibition, reassuring the population about it. Also in , construction on the pedestal began in the United States. Net frags project required the intervention of the two countries because if the statue is a purely French construction, the gigantic pedestal, it is the responsibility of the host country. It was thus, as he put it in a letter to Laboulaye: Alley Pond Belvedere Castle Blue Heron Crotona Dana Discovery Center Forest Fort Greene Fort Totten Greenbelt High Rock Inwood Hill Orchard Beach Prospect Salt Builder of the statue of liberty Van Cortlandt. Above the door on each side, there are ten disks upon which Bartholdi proposed to place the coats of arms of the states between andthere were 38 U. These plaques were then soldered and riveted. The Free online betting tips Service adhered https://www.welt.de/sport/boxen/ that position through the remainder of the Bush administration.
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Monadnock Harvard & Radcliffe
A Chapter Of The Harvard Club of New Hampshire
Our Hostess Augusta Petrone Invites you to our Seventh Annual Meeting, in the Picturesque setting of Knollwood
Saturday, September 24, 2022
At 4 Windmill Hill Road, Dublin, NH 03444
Knollwood, on the National Register of Historic Places, was built in 1889 for President Taft’s Secretary of the Treasury, Franklin MacVeagh, and later purchased by Ambassador Joseph Petrone. Our hostess Augusta Petrone will share more of Knollwood’s history with us.
Join us at 11:30 for a scenic walk (weather permitting), then enjoy champagne, oysters, lunch and live entertainment on the lawn at 12:00, then have our brief Annual Business Meeting at 1:00.
If forced indoors, there is a large ballroom, for social distancing.
RSVP by Wednesday, September 21st.
Mail your check (payable to MHR) with this form to Tom Blodgett, P.O. Box 84, Dublin, NH 03444. .
Event expense reimbursement: Members: $25 each and $45 per couple Non-members: $30 each and $50 per couple


Nearly 20 years ago, a San Francisco divorce attorney passed by an unusual sight: builders were attempting to construct a home on a narrow and very steep hillside. The urban lot was typical in its unforgiving dimensions: a mere 25' x 75'. The frames were obstructed by what looked like the oldest tree in San Francisco. And yet, the building was completed and, witnessing this seemingly impossible feat, the lawyer was hooked.
What began as a desire for a new master bath ended with a to-the-stubs-in-every-room rebuild. The only remnants of the original home are the tree and a four story circular staircase that allows one to go from floor to floor while marveling at the majestic oak tree. In a bit of karmic kismet, the owner enlisted the aid of the original contractor to oversee the construction.
The French doors on the bottom level which hosts the main living area (and which is two floors below street level), were removed in favor of glass sliders that were elongated again to capture more tree and light. The maple cabinets and granite countertop were replaced with pedini glass and high lacquer cabinets. Ceasarstone countertops, an oversized onyx backsplash and bertozzoni heritage stove bring retro and modern elements to the mix. An elica hood of stainless steel reads more like a sculpture than cooking accessory. The owner's contemporary pop art collection has been augmented with several pieces by prominent street artists. African masks provide further contrast to the mid-century and modern furniture.
When all was said and done, all the maple flooring was replaced by wide oiled planks of bianco oak. Every window in the four story wall of windows was replaced as was every other window and door in the house. The Every home is now a light filled aerie whose main purpose seems to be to provide a perch from which to admire the ancient oak tree, albeit a hip and ultra glam perch.


On October 14th, ten SAGA members gathered near the intersection of Figueroa and Adams to tour the Doheny Mansion. That house is the centerpiece of the Mt Saint Mary College Doheny campus, a preserved elite suburban turn of the century neighborhood in the middle of South Central LA’s strip centers and auto dealers. Upon arrival, everyone was astonished that this oasis of calm gardens and mansions existed so close to Downtown LA. Over the next few hours, docents explained how the Doheny Family’s actions formed not only this college’s campus but much of Los Angeles including the Doheny Eye Institute, Doheny Library at USC, Doheny State Beach, Saint Vincent De Paul Church, Greystone Manor, and the Automobile Association of America. The docents also provided insight into daily living within the mansion. Envisioning that life was easy since most of the original fixtures and furnishings are preserved unchanged from when the Dohenys lived there. Historic photos were also passed around so we could see how some of the buildings, such as the once spectacular conservatory pool, had changed.
After a quick lunch, our history lesson continued at the One Institute. The One Institute is the largest repository of gay and lesbian material in the world. Unfortunately, they no longer display the collection at the institute because their expanding archives now fill all space within a former USC frat house. However, One Institute staff are incredibly knowledgeable and happy to discuss the history of LGTB struggles and rights. When staff learned that we were from the SAGA ski club, they were able to retrieve copies of our newsletter within a few minutes. The institute provided validation of both the efficiency of their staff and of SAGA LA’s importance to American gay culture.
One rarely thinks of Los Angeles having national historic importance outside of the entertainment industry. It is interesting to ponder how much influence was generated throughout the past century between the Dohenys and the One Institute.


The Double Roman tile was the first tile to be mass produced in this country which accounts for its unparalleled popularity. The tile can trace its shape back to Roman engineering principles.
The Romans, revered for their engineering and architectural feats, were the first to discover that arches have an innate ability to withstand great pressures, and the shape of the arch distributes the weight evenly down to the base of the structure. Hence the birth of the Double Roman tile. The Double Roman tile boasts many innovative features. Scientifically tested weather locks ensure complete weather resistance.
- Classic Green
- Victorian Grey
- Farmhouse Red
- Slate Grey


Max Aaron Goldstein, MD
For more on Dr. Goldstein, visit http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/ did/mag/index.htm
CID is developing a new history book: The Child First: The First 100 Years of CID, expected to be available in the spring of 2015. The book, by St. Louis journalist, Mary Leonard and her daughter, looks at 100 years of newspaper articles about CID. Stay tuned for more information about pre-ordering.
Max Aaron Goldstein, MD 1870-1941
CID – Central Institute for the Deaf
St. Louis, Missouri
- Born on April 19, 1870 in St. Louis to William and Hulda Goldstein, German emigrants
- Graduated in 1892 from Missouri Medical College in St. Louis (a precursor to Washington University)
- Interned at St. Louis City Hospital and did postgraduate work in London, at the University of Strasbourg and in Vienna with Dr. Adam Politzer, the father of modern otology
- Learned about the acoustic approach to teach deaf children to talk from Victor Urbantschisch at the Vienna Polyclinic
- Was a nationally and internationally respected ear, nose and throat physician, educator, medical researcher, inventor, author and editor
- Founded CID – Central Institute for the Deaf in 1914 so parents, teachers and scientists/doctors could work together to help deaf children using the most effective methods. CID immediately became a place where the latest technology and methods were developed or employed – and tested.
- Started CID with four students in rooms over his medical office at Vandeventer Avenue and Westminster Place in St. Louis, Missouri
- Included within the original CID school the nation’s first teacher training program for aural-oral deaf education. This program evolved into the Program in Audiology and Communication Sciences (PACS), one of a consortium of programs known as CID at Washington University School of Medicine.
- Conducted early deafness research and published more than 100 articles, spanning professional interests from medical procedures to restore hearing, early audiological devices, hearing testing, auditory training and lipreading to psychological studies of deaf children to hearing in animals
- Wrote two books, Problems of the Deaf (1933) and The Acoustic Method for Training of the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (1939)
- Invented one of the earliest hearing devices used in a classroom, the Simplex Tube
- Using the Simplex Tube and his own invention, the harmonium, he developed a system of testing and graphing hearing acuity before the audiometer was invented.
- Tested the hearing of all St. Louis school children
- Traveled to professional conferences throughout the country, often bringing CID students to demonstrate the success of his school and methods
- Established a hearing and deafness research department that became birthplace of the science and profession of audiology
- Founded The Laryngoscope, a medical journal still published today
- Founded the journal, Oralism and Auralism, bringing science and education together to share knowledge
- Started the Society of Progressive Oral Advocates, which eventually became the professional section of the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
- Hired capable and sometimes world-famous individuals from varied scientific disciplines to come to CID to study, collaborate on basic knowledge and practical applications to help ameliorate deafness and teach deaf children to speak. Among them were Dr. Lorente de No, a renowned Spanish neuroanatomist who was the first CID director of research, Dr. C.C. Bunch, a famous physicist and author of one of the first widely used university textbooks on hearing, Drs. Max Meyer and Helen Schick, groundbreaking psychologists, Julia Connery, a pioneer in early education of deaf children who had studied under Alexander Graham Bell, and Mildred McGinnis, who defined congenital aphasia and developed the Association Method for teaching speech.
- Started the St. Louis League for the Hard of Hearing, which became St. Louis Hearing and Speech Center, still existent
- Was lifelong friends with Helen Keller, taught her the “Two-Step”
- Arranged a hearing test for famous baseball player Dizzy Dean after Dean was hit on the head with a ball in the 1934 World Series
- Tried to have his own speech recorded, before calling a physician, when he suffered a stroke in December of 1940
- Died on July 27, 1941 at his summer home in Frankfort, Michigan
- Dr. Goldstein’s great granddaughter, Laurie Miller, helps carry on his dream today as a member of the CID board of directors. Miller cochairs the CID Centennial Celebration Committee


Dane TilghmanA true visionary, Dane Tilghman is one of the premier painters of African American Golf Art and Negro League Baseball images. His works have appeared in Sports Illustrated, the Western Journal of Black Studies and such hit television series as The Cosby show and Roseanne.
In 1979, Tilghman received the prestigious Medal of Honor in Graphics from the American Artists Professional League. His works have been exhibited at art galleries and museums throughout the United States, including the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York, and the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Dane created the original work for Fleetwood's First Day Cover for the 1948 Executive Order 9981 stamp of the 2005 Milestones in the Civil Rights Movement set.


Welcome to Sutliff Bridge and Tavern
We're glad you're here. Sutliff Bridge has a long history and heritage. We invite you to look around and learn more. There are historical photos of the bridge in years past, including photos from when part of the bridge was washed out in June 2008, and updates on the repairs to the bridge, as well as information about Baxa's Tavern, a fun and casual place to hang out and enjoy the scenery and a good meal.
If you have any questions along the way, please contact us.


The tour will stay in Makarska, which is one the most gorgeous towns on the Adriatic coast. It was founded by the ancient Greeks and has a traditional harbour which serves as the focal point for its long fishing tradition, as well as providing easy access to the beautiful islands that dot the coastline. Nestled around a beautiful horseshoe-shaped bay, dominated by dramatic mountains. It’s a gem of a town with fashionable cafes, restaurants, bars, market stalls and shops. The narrow stone paved streets and terracotta rooftops are rich in history with many historical monuments including the 16th Century Franciscan Monastery and St Mark’s Cathedral in the main square.


“Blue Sky Metropolis” is a four part documentary chronicling the history of aeronautics in southern California. All the big names in aviation history are here and maybe a few you didn’t expect: Walt Disney, Howard Hughes, John Northrop, Glenn Martin, Amelia Earnhart and Wernher Van Braun. “Blue Sky Metropolis” is part of PBS’s celebration of the 50th anniversary of the moon landing.
To cover a century of history around aviation is a daunting task but one that two time Emmy Award winner and one time Peabody Award winner Peter Jones was happy to conquer. “It’s a great story and a big one, “said Jones. “When you have a subject like aerospace you have to keep the human drama first and foremost.” To do this Jones told the personal stories of the people who changed history.
Lieutenant William Powell was a WWI veteran who could not go to flight school because he was African American. The Army Flight Corp had commissioned a study about the ability of African Americans to fly airplanes. It stated that “Negros” lacked mental capacity and courage; and that they were prone to promiscuity and petty thievery. Powell was finally allowed into a small flight school in L.A. When he graduated he started his own flight school and air show for African Americans. All the proceeds went back into the community.
Everyone knows the story of Amelia Earnhart as being the first woman to fly across the Atlantic solo and how she disappeared, never to be found in 1937. Jones chose to tell a different story. “Her husband worked at Paramount Pictures. She was a fan of Hollywood and took a cue from Hollywood on how she posed and the products she sold. She was a celebrity and embraced star quality.”
Thanks to Earnhart women were being taken more seriously but were still seen as sex objects. “There was a beauty contest called ‘The Jet Pulpolsion Laboratory Miss Guided Missile Beauty Contest’,” says Jones. Feeling it objectified women, Jones didn’t use the footage; but now wishes he had included it.
Even Walt Disney got into the act, producing several propaganda films for the military. Parents were horrified at the thought of Mickey and Donald dropping atomic bombs. President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill watched the films when they met to discuss D Day.
One film, which was used to explain space travel to the public, starred Nazi scientist Wernher Van Braun. “Van Braun was a genius. His contribution was huge; but his past was building rockets for Hitler,” says Jones. Van Braun was snatched up by the United States after WWII. “We were competing with Russia for scientists, “explains Jones. “The public did not know about his Nazi past until after his death.”
American astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon on July 20, 1969. Jones recalls being in school when Armstrong made that first step onto the moon, “Everything stopped. The televisions were rolled out and we watched.”
How does Jones envision the future? “The future is bright and unlimited. A young person can create an interesting program and suddenly they are part of the space program. It’s not just government funding anymore, its private people. Spacex just sent 25 satellites into space. Virgin is scheduled to put paying customers into space at the end of this year. Uber plans to have an air fleet. Instead of calling for an Uber car you will be able to call for an Uber helicopter. “
“Blue Sky Metropolis” premieres Sunday, July 14th at 8 p.m. PT on KCET before becoming available to PBS stations across the country during the month of August. Each episode will stream for free on the KCET app, the PBS video app and on YouTube, kcet.org/bluesky.


Truth in Ancient and Medieval Philosophy
Research Project: Truth in Ancient and Medieval Philosophy (TAMP), funded by the European Research Council (2023-2027)
Although past philosophers discussed the nature of truth in significant detail and with considerable philosophical sophistication, our understanding of past theories of truth is surprisingly limited and we lack a clear idea of how notions of truth developed in later Greco-Roman antiquity or in the Arabic and Latin medieval traditions.
This project will offer the first focused and systematic examination of philosophical conceptions of truth in ancient and medieval philosophy. It will examine the origins, motivations, and challenges faced by conceptions of truth in this period and how these challenges led to the development of alternative theories of truth. By holistically examining both ‘major’ and ‘minor’ figures and texts in this period and combining metaphysical approaches to truth (focusing on issues such as facts, correspondence, etc.) with logical and semantic approaches (focusing on issues such as semantic paradoxes) this project will offer us a better understanding of a central philosophical issue across the Greek, Arabic, and Latin traditions and greater insight into an extremely rich but often neglected period of philosophy.


THE LOUISIANA is a World famous Live music venue disguised as a pub with a listed building exterior in central Bristol. We’ve got a wide range of international, national and local live acts – It’s the best place to discover new music before bands get to play massive venues and you never know, you may [...]
Stooped in history not only because of it’s extremely impressive past acts list, The Louisiana dates back to around 1800, then known as the Bathurst hotel and has since witnessed some of the most gruesome events in Bristol’s history.
There have been various paranormal sightings around the pub over the years….
The Louisiana ( formerly the Bathurst Tavern – The Smugglers – Garrick‘s ) If you had taken a walk across the Prince Street bridge in the early nineteenth century you would have had the water on one side and an extensive view over the surrounding countryside ahead of you across the River Avon. Then, in [...]


The Saint Louis Woman's Club was created to provide hospitality to the wives of the heads of state and royalty visiting St. Louis during the 1904 World's Fair.
Mrs. James Blair was the first president of The Club while also serving as president of the Fair's Board of Lady Managers.
In 1912, The Saint Louis Woman's Club moved to its present location, 4600 Lindell Boulevard. The members added a new dining room, ballroom, grand staircase, elevator and kitchen.
Now in its second century, The Club serves its members as a classroom, dining room, meeting place, theater, ballroom and center of social activity.
The Club maintains its vibrancy and continues to attract guests of note, standing ready to move into the future with the fine traditions of the past.
A tour of the beautiful club house reveals the vision of past generations, as well as the true spirit of Saint Louis.


The Maxwell Mansion, 421 Baker St., was constructed in 1855 by a Chicago doctor, but is currently used as a hotel, restaurant and tavern.
File photo, Regional News
The former owner of the Baker House in downtown Lake Geneva now is seeking a buyer for his nearby Maxwell Mansion attraction.
Andrew Fritz is offering to sell the Maxwell Mansion, 421 Baker St., for about $3.85 million.
Fritz said he began listing the property about two weeks ago.
Fritz said he has renovated and redeveloped the hotel-restaurant property in hopes of finding a buyer.
“I would like to sell it and move on to another project,” he said.
Local historian Patrick Quinn said the Maxwell Mansion property was built as a mansion in 1855 by Chicago doctor Philip Maxwell. Maxwell died three years later, but he wife, Jerutha Maxwell, remained in the home for about 25 years.
Between the 1940s and 1960s, the building mostly served as a hotel.
Ruth Ann and Christopher Brown purchased the property in the 1970s and operated it as a bed-and-breakfast for another 20 eyars. Nancy Waspi then bought it and converted it into the Golden Oaks restaurant and Inn.
Fritz purchased the property in 2015.
Quinn said the Maxwell Mansion will be a good buy for someone.
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“It’s one of the oldest buildings in Lake Geneva,” he said. “Whoever buys it will be buying a historic place.”


Byzantium in Sudan
Julie Anderson, Assistant Keeper (curator), British Museum
People are often surprised to discover that two of the largest Christian kingdoms in the medieval world were in Sudan in northeast Africa. Ibn Selim Al-Aswani, an Arab traveller, visited Sudan in the 10th century AD and described the region north of Old Dongola, capital of the medieval kingdom of Makuria, situated roughly 750 kilometres upstream of Aswan Egypt, as an area of ‘about thirty villages, with beautiful buildings, churches and monasteries, many palm-trees, vines, gardens, cultivated fields and broad pastures on which one can see camels’.
Further to the south, Soba East, capital of the medieval kingdom of Alwa, located near modern-day Khartoum, was said to have ‘fine buildings and large monasteries, churches rich with gold and gardens’. This conjures up quite a romantic picture of medieval Sudan and provides us with an insight…
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A white man carries a black girl on his shoulders during a march with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Alabama, ca. 1965.
This has to be one of my favorite things ever
OMG this picture is so precious
"big boobs don’t count if you’re fat"
neither does a big dick if half of it is your personality
The Zodiac Killer was a serial killer who operated in Northern California in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The killer’s identity is still unknown. Four men and three women between the ages of 16 and 29 were targeted. The killer originated the name “Zodiac” in a series of taunting letters sent to the local Bay Area press. These letters included four cryptograms (or ciphers). Of the four cryptograms sent, only one has been definitively solved.
The Zodiac Killer is one of the great unsolved serial killer mysteries of all time, taking only second place to Jack the Ripper.
Even though police investigated over 2,500 potential suspects, the case was never officially solved. There were a few suspects that stood out, but the forensic technology of the times was not advanced enough to nail any one of them conclusively.
“does anyone else-” yes
“am i the only one who-” no
“is it weird that i-” probably not


Once the site of ancient Phoenician civilization, Lebanon of the late 1960’s was known as the Switzerland of the Mediterranean, a cosmopolitan center of banking, commerce and society. The country borders on Israel to the South and Syria to the East and north, with the Mediterranean Sea to its west. Few countries have plunged so far, so quickly and suffered such total destruction as ravaged Lebanon during the civil wars between 1975 and 1990. It’s estimated that more than 100,000 people died, 200,000 were wounded and as many as 1 million were refugees in the civil war, which brought occupation forces from Israel and Syria, as well as UN peacekeepers.
Although Lebanon has begun the long road to recovery, its prospects are tied to resolution of the Israeli situation, its ability to maintain a government that serves the interests of diverse religious and ethnic groups and its ability to manage relations with Syria. Lebanon remains home to tens of thousands of Palestinian refugees housed in camps and a base for armed resistance groups opposed to Israel.
After occupying portions of southern Lebanon since1982, Israeli withdrew its forces from most of southern Lebanon in May 2000. In 2001, Syria reduced the number of troops stationed in Lebanon and redeployed most of its forces to northern Lebanon. Hizbollah guerrillas remain a significant factor in southern Lebanon and have begun the evolution from armed resistance to recognized political party.
Until 1926 when Lebanon became independent of French rule, there had been little distinction between the area of Lebanon and Syria. In ancient times the Levant was home to the Phoenicians who established the foundations for western civilization, inventing the alphabet, building sea-going ships and creating the first large-scale manufacturing of textiles and ceramics as early as 1250 B.C. In 332 B.C. the region was conquered by Alexander the Great and in 63 A.D. fell to Rome’s Byzantine conquest and remained under at least marginal Roman control for nearly 600 years. Christianity took firm root in the region until 636 when the Ummaia Caliphs rose to power and Damascus became home of the Caliphate, the ruling base of the fast-growing Islamic world prior to its move to Bahgdad. In the 11th century the Levant came under control of the Seljuk Turks, European Crusaders, Saladin’s Kurds, the Egyptian Mamluks and finally the Ottoman Turks in 1516. Syria remained part of the Ottoman Empire for nearly 400 years, except for a brief period of occupation by Napoleon.
Centuries of competing Christian and Muslim influence created powerful communal differences between Maronite Christians and Druze Muslims, as well as Sunni, Shia Muslims. Disagreements over land ownership led to a Maronite rebellion and the Druze massacred thousands of Maronites, prompting intervention by French forces to protect the Christians in 1860. France forced the Turks to establish a separate province of “Little Lebanon,” over which European states would have substantial influence. With European backing the Maronites assumed superiority over their Muslim neighbors.
Seeking to exploit Europe’s distraction with World War I and rid themselves of European influence, Arab nationalists revolted and established a short-lived government. After World War I, the League of Nations awarded France control over the Levant (Syria and Lebanon), a measure to protect French interests in the Iraq Petroleum pipeline from Iraq to Tripoli, while England took control over Iraq, Palestine, Jordan and Egypt. France divided the region into territories, roughly based on communal differences. In 1926 Lebanon became independent. Even today some Syrians and Lebanese continue to argue for reunification of Syria and Lebanon.
In an effort to satisfy competing ethnic and religious groups, a 1943 agreement stipulated that the government be comprised of a Maronite Christian President, a Sunni Muslim Prime Minister and a Shai Speaker of the National Assembly, while Assembly seats and government jobs would be distributed on a 6 to 5 ratio between Christians and Muslims. As a result, Shia’s held relatively little political power and Maronite Christians dominated trade, commerce and wealth.
In the late 1950’s, as Christians sought stronger western ties, Muslims demanded greater association with Egypt and Syria and riots flared into full-scale insurrection. At the request of Lebanon’s president, the U.S. sent 14,000 Marines to restore order and they were withdrawn the same year.
In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War Lebanon remained neutral but granted refuge to more than 300,000 Palestinians fleeing the war and subsequent Israel occupation. Having fled from Jordan in 1971, the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) established operating bases in southern Lebanon. As Palestinian insurgents struck at Israel, the Israelis launched incursions and air attacks into southern Lebanon, galvanizing difference between Christians and Muslims. In 1975, the Lebanese Christian Phalange (the Maronite militia) launched attacks against Palestinian refuge camps and civil war erupted.
To help protect Christians from retaliatory attacks, the Lebanese government requested intervention by Syrian troops in 1976. These forces became part of the Arab Deterrent Force including troops from Sudan, Libya and Saudi Arabia. Although internal fighting diminished, Israel continued operations against Palestinians.
In 1978 Israel invaded and occupied parts of southern Lebanon, but withdrew when UN Resolution 425 introduced troops (UNIFIL) to enforce a buffer zone. In 1981, Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) joined with rogue elements of the Lebanese Armed Forces to bombard the cities of Tyre and Sidon and later launching air raids targeting Beirut. In response, Syrian forces began installing Soviet missile batteries in the Bekaa valley.
Israel - Lebanon Conflict
The Israel-Lebanon Conflict—(1978-Present): As with many of the conflicts in the Middle East, the ongoing war along the Israeli-Lebanese border is a part of the longer and larger Arab-Israeli conflict. In 1948, five Arab nations, including Lebanon, invaded Israel in a vain attempt to prevent the birth of the Jewish nation on land that the Arabs felt belonged to them. The Arabs called the land occupied by the Israelis "Palestine" and those Arabs living there as "Palestinians." As a result of this and subsequent outbreaks of war, thousands of Palestinians fled to neighboring Arab countries. Several Palestinian guerrilla armies formed to fight a guerrilla/terrorist war against Israel. Their attacks on Israeli targets prompted retaliation on the host nations of Jordan and Lebanon. Palestinian power became so great in Jordan, that a civil war was fought in 1970, resulting in the expulsion of Palestinian forces from that nation. At this point, the Palestinian resistance moved to Lebanon, a small nation located on Israel's northern border.
The newly resettled Palestinian forces, led by Yasser Arafat's Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), had two important effects on Lebanon. First, their ongoing cross-border raiding brought violent responses from Israel. These retaliatory raids caused death and destruction for the local inhabitants of South Lebanon. Secondly, the large influx of mostly Muslim Palestinians upset the population balance between Lebanon's Christians and Muslims. These two religious groups fought a civil war in the 1950's, and an uneasy peace had existed since. By 1975, tensions between the Lebanese Christians on one side and the Lebanese Muslims and the PLO on the other side, erupted into a bloody civil war. The Lebanese Army and government dissolved as rival Christian and Muslim militias battled for control of their nation. This conflict caused Lebanon's only two neighbors to intervene in its affairs. Soon after the war's beginning, Syria sent a 40,000 man-strong "peace-keeping" force into Eastern Lebanon. Though officially a force for peace, the Syrians soon took the side of the Muslims and PLO and actively battled the Lebanese Christian forces. Israel began aiding the anti-Muslim forces with weapons and other assistance.
As the Lebanese Civil War raged on, the PLO continued attacks on northern Israel. By 1978, Israel decided to invade Southern Lebanon, which was now almost fully controlled by the PLO.
Israeli Invasions and Incursions into Lebanon
--Israeli Invasion of Lebanon (1978)--25,000 Israeli troops invaded southern Lebanon on March 14, 1978 in a campaign to drive the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) out. This attack was in response to PLO raids into northern Israel from their bases in southern Lebanon.
After the 1970 Jordanian Civil War, in which the PLO was driven out of Jordan, southern Lebanon came under Palestinian control, with Yasser Arafat's forces creating a virtual 'state-within-a-state." Their control became so dominint, that southern Lebanon was nicknamed "Fatahland," after al-Fatah, the name of Arafat's main PLO faction.
This Israeli military offensive forced an estimated 285,000 people to become refugees, with over 6,000 homes destroyed or badly damaged. Between 1,100 and 2,000 Lebanese civilians were killed. Twenty Israeli soldiers died, and an unknown number of Palestinian fighters. The PLO forces retreated ahead of the Israelis and continued their attacks on Israel.
Tactically, the Israeli invasion was unsuccessful. Their target, PLO military units, left the area. Israel had failed to prevent the PLO retreat.
As the Israelis withdrew in June, 1978, they turned control of the occupied territory over to the South Lebanon Army (SLA), led by Major Saad Haddad, a renegade Lebanese Army officer who set up his own militia. The SLA served as Israel's proxy in south Lebanon, often engaging the PLO in combat.
An estimated 285,000 Lebanese and Palestininian civilians became refugees due to Operation Litani. Estimates of civilian deaths in Lebanan range from 1,100 to 2,000. 20 Israelis soldiers were were killed. The PLO suffered an unknown number of casualties.
1981--In response to PLO rocket attacks, Israeli forces began heavy bombing of PLO targets in Lebanon. The United States negotiated a cease-fire.
1982-- Operation Peace in Galilee (June 6, Israel began its 1982 offensive into Lebanon in response to two specific terrorist acts; the bombing of a bus in northern Israel, and the assassination attempt on the life of Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov. Calling this invasion "Operation Peace in Galilee," (Galillee is the biblical name for northern Israel), Israel invaded Lebanon up to the outskirts of the Lebanese capital, Beirut.
While eventually allowing the PLO to leave Lebanon, Israeli forces remained in control of south Lebanon near the border until 2000, when the troops were withdrawn in order to end the ongoing guerilla war with the Shiite Lebanese militia called Hezbollah.
1993--Israeli Forces launched Operation Accountability (July 25-July 31, 1993), a week-long military campaign directed at Hezbollah ( this conflict is called The Seven-Day War by the Lebanese).
In June, 1993, Hezbollah launched rockets against a settlement in northern Israel, and then in July, 1993, both Hezbollah and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) launched attacks which killed five Israel Defense Forces (IDF) soldiers in Israeli-occupied southern Lebanon. Israel decided to respond to these attacks by making southern Lebanon an inhospitable environment for Hezbollah.
During Operation Accountability, Israeli forces destroyed or damaged thousands of houses and buildings, causing some 300,000 Lebanese and Palestinian civilians from southern Lebanon to migrate towards Beirut and other areas outside of the combat zone. Israeli forces also targeted Lebanese infrastructure, (power stations, bridges, and roadways. This is a tactic that would be repeated in future Israeli attacks on Hezbollah and Lebanon. Hezbollah responded with more rocket attacks on Israeli civilian targets.
At least 118 Lebanese civilians and two Israeli civilians died during this operation.
1996--Operation Grapes of Wrath (April 11-April 27, 1996) --Israel's massive air and artillery attack on Hezbollah targets in southern Lebanon which attempted to end shelling of northern Israel by the Iranian and Syrian-backed Lebanese Islamic militia. Israel forces launched 1,100 air raids and fired nearly 25,132 shells at Hezbollah targets during the sixteen-day offensive. A United Nations camp at Qana, Lebanon, was hit by Israeli shelling, killing 118 Lebanese civilians who sought shelter there. Nearly 640 Hezbollah rockets hit northern Israel in this time period, particularly the often-hit settlement of Kiryat Shemona. Israel's ally and proxy force, the South Lebanon Army (a mixed Christian and Shiite Muslim militia under the command of renegade Lebanese Major Saad Haddad), also engaged in ground fighting with Hezbollah.
At least 350 civilians were wounded in Lebanon , and 62 Israeli civilians were wounded in Israel.
The latest chapter in the ongoing Arab-Israeli Conflict began on July 12, 2006, when guerillas from the Islamic Lebanese group, Hezbollah (Arabic for "Party of God), crossed into Israel and attacked an Israeli Defense Force (IDF) patrol, killing three and capturing two others. They then returned to southern Lebanon with their prisoners. Hezbollah's leader, Hassan Nasrallah, said the men were taken in order to set up a prisoner exchange with Israel. Israel's Prime Minister, Ehud Olmert, declared the attack an "act of war" on Lebanon's part, and promised a strong response.
In Lebanon, this war is known as the "July War," while many Israelis call it the "Second Lebanon War." Hezbollah launched "Operation True Promise" at 9:05 AM, on July 12, 2006. The operation began with a diversionary attack of rockets and mortar shells fired at Israeli settlements and military posts near the Israel-Lebanon border. Hezbollah troops then entered Israel, attacked two armored Israeli Humvees, patrolling the border village of Zar'it, with rocket propelled grenades, killing three soldiers and capturing two others. The Hezbollah force then retreated back into Lebanon with their captives, later identified as Ehud Goldwasser and Eldad Regev.
An Israeli Merkava Mark II tank that was stationed nearby attempted to pursue the captors into Lebanon in a rescue attempt, but was hit by an improvise explosive device (IED), killing all four crew members. Another Israeli soldier died during an attempt to recover the bodies from the destroyed tank
After Hezbollah's cross-border raid, the Israeli military launched air, naval, and ground attacks at Hezbollah targets across Lebanon, and Hezbollah responded by launching hundreds of rockets into northern Israel, many reaching as far south as the port city of Haifa.
Hezbollah also damaged an Israeli warship ten miles off the Lebanese coast with an Iranian-made unmanned drone, which rammed the ship and exploded.
Both sides continued to trade rocket, missile, and, artillery attacks, with most of the damage done to civilian targets on either side of the border. Israel's strategy seems to be to cut off Lebanon and Hezbollah from any aid they may receive from Syria or Iran, who are Hezbollah's main suppliers of weapons, money, and military training.
For a trans-border Arab-Israeli war, this conflict was different than most. Israel at first responded lightly in the ground war, apparently relying on the air and artillery campaign to inflict most of the damage. Hezbollah responded with wave after wave of rockets and missiles supplied largely by Syria and Iran over the past several years. Some of the larger Hezbollah rockets were able to strike the Israeli port city of Haifa, inflicting damage and causing civilian casualties. The Israeli strategy seemed two-fold: cut off Hezbollah from its suppliers and allies in Syria and Iran, while also striking Lebanese infrastructure targets with no apparent connection to Hezbollah. Israel hoped to show the Lebanese government and people that Hezbollah brought death and destruction to their county, hoping that this lesson would turn popular opinion against the Shiite militia. The opposite effect seems to have taken hold, however, with most Lebanese Muslims increasing their approval or outright support for Hezbollah, while even Lebanese Christians, normally not friendly to Islamic parties or militias, blamed Israel for attacking civilian targets as an act of punishment. While this political and psychological goal failed, Israel also failed to stop Hezbollah rocket attacks on Israeli cities and towns. The air campaign did not work in terms of increasing Israeli civilian safety during the war.
The ground campaign also seemed lacking. Unlike past wars, such as the 1956 war against Egypt or the 1967 war against Egypt, Syria and Jordan, or the 1982 invasion of Lebanon, the Israeli military did not immediately launch powerful assaults on the ground to root out and destroy their foes. Ground attacks did occur, largely from the second week on, but these were individual assaults to take or neutralize specific targets fairly close to the border. One significant commando assault did take place in the northeastern Lebanese city of Baalbeck, but that was designed as a specific attack to seize individual Hezbollah leaders. Only in the days leading up the United Nations-brokered cease-fire in the middle of August did the Israeli military launch a powerful drive which took it to the Litani River in southern Lebanon.
On Hezbollah's side, the war showed that their guerillas, though technically only a militia, possessed the training and fighting ability of a well-trained army division. Technologically, they surprised Israel with the depth and range of its missiles. One missile crippled an Israeli naval ship and sank a commercial freighter off the Lebanese coast in the early days of the war. Iranian-made missiles landed as far south as Haifa. For the first time since before the 1967 war, major Israeli civilian population centers came under attack.
The war also showed once again that the Lebanese government is helpless to defend its own territory or to keep other countries from fighting proxy wars and conflicts on its land. Just as when the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) moved in and took over southern Lebanon in the 1970s to fight its war with Israel, the government shows that it cannot stop Lebanon from being a battleground for others.
By August 12, Israel, Lebanon, and Hezbollah all agreed to a United Nations cease-fire to begin on Monday the 14th.
This war is a part of the wider Israel- Lebanon conflict which dates from the first Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1978.
On March 19, 2007, Israel formally declared the 2006 conflict with Lebanon's Hezbollah guerrillas a war, but Israel is searching for a name for the 34-day conflict.
On Wednesday July 16 2008, Israel and Hezbollah initiated deal whereby Hezbollah turned over the bodies of the two captured Israeli soldiers, Ehud Goldwasser and Eldad Regev, in exchange for Lebanese prisoner Samir Kuntar, four Hezbollah militants captured during the war, and the bodies of approximately 200 other Lebanese and Palestinian militants held by Israel. This prisoner swap prompted some criticism in Israel, especially after it was learned that Samir Kuntar was one of the released prisoners. Kumar and the other released militants, were greeted by a hero's welcome in Beirut.
Continuing Turmoil and War
Amid one-candidate elections and disputed political appointments, internal and factional political and street fighting continued. Eventually Hizbullah (Shia) defeated Amal (Shia) and these leftist Muslim groups and merged. Likewise infighting between various Christian militias also led to consolidation and eventual focus on potential political accommodation. General Awn, a pro-Israeli Maronie Christian became president in 1988 and opposed by Muslim Prime Minister al-Huss, the government became stalemated.
In September 1989, the Arab league negotiated a cease fire agreement and convened a meeting of Lebanon’s National Assembly in Taif, Saudi Arabia. The assembly ratified a peace plan known as the Taif Accord. This agreement maintained a Maronite Christian president indirectly elected by the parliament, but it transferred many executive powers to the prime minister, a Sunni Muslim, by agreement. Parliament is evenly split between Muslim-Druze and Christians. In 1989, President Muawwad was assassinated. Former president General Awn holed-up in the Presidential palace, refused to recognize the election of al-Harawi as new president and his ratification of the Taif Accords.
In late 1990, Syrian troops drove Awn from the Presidential palace and into exile. Despite Syria’s continuing military presence and intervention, the Assad regime has generally supported political moderates and acted to limit the influence of foreign interests supporting Chrisitian minorities. Syria is often criticized for tolerating Hizbullah extremists (a US designated terrorist group) and its support from Iran, but is, perhaps unfairly, given little credit for moderating Hizbullah’s influence and operations.
In May 2000, Israel began the long-awaited withdrawal of IDF forces from the 10-mile wide buffer zone in southern Lebanon, with the SLA expected to remain. However, when the SAL abandoned their positions and sought asylum in Israel, Hizbullah assumed control, captured over 1500 SLA troops who have been tried as traitors by the Lebanese government. In June 2001, Syria surprised observers by withdrawing 6,000 troops from Beirut, but retains about 20,000 in northern and eastern Lebanon.
With political reforms in place, Lebanon is continuing its economic recovery and reconstruction against a backdrop of insecurity and potential renewed conflict. Areas of concern are focused on the Lebanon-Israel border from which Hizbullah operates, the Golan Heights and Shi’ba farms, territories in dispute between Syria and Israel, and the large Palestinian refugee camps, awaiting resolution of the Israel-Palestine conflict.
Israel continues to occupy the Shi’ba Farms area, currently a part of Syria, but also claimed by Lebanon. This remains the only active target of Hizbullah operations. In September 2000, Hizbullah guerrillas captured 3 Israeli soldiers and abducted a retired IDF colonel. They have also launched occasional rocket attacks toward IDF forces.
America’s invasion of Iraq and subsequent saber rattling at Syria and Iran has added new uncertainty and risk to an always-volatile region. In February 2005, Lebanon's Prime Minister Rafik Hariri was killed by a massive car bomb, sparking protests against Syria, whose government is believed to have had a hand in the assassination. On Fberuary 28th, pro-Syrian prime minister, Omar Karami resigned and dissolved Lebabnon's government.
Karami's resignation has been greeted as a step toward democracy and possible withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon, but the country's turbulent history and factional politics could as easily descend into a new era of conflict.


Major Jackson "Jack" Reynolds
Weapons specialist / Police Liason / Security Officer for Torchwood IV
Jackson “Jack” Reynolds was born in Indianapolis, IN on September 1st 1976.
In high school he excelled in the ROTC program.
He joined the army at the age of 18.
Went to West Point and graduated near the top of his class.
Rose to the rank of Captain and led Special Operations missions in the war in Iraq.
One night on a routine patrol he and his men witnessed an alien ship crash on the outskirts of Mosul. The ship had an unidentified hostile alien race and Jack rose to the occasion and took care of the situation. U.N.I.T was part of the cleanup operation. The U.N.I.T. superiors were very impressed with Jackson and tried many times to get him to join them. Jackson refused wanting to stick with the army.
For unknown reasons, his commanding officer Colonel Obdiah Jones created an elite extraterrestrial and paranormal combat force known as The Initiative. Knowing Jackson’s experience in Iraq, Obdiah asked him to lead this group. He reluctantly accepted. Obdiah promoted him to the rank of Major.
Over the years Jackson and The Initiative spent their days fighting back alien and paranormal threats to the United States.
When Torchwood IV needed a weapons specialist, U.N.I.T. was quick to recommend Jackson and since The Initiative owed U.N.I.T. a favor, they pulled some strings and Jackson was then assigned to Torchwood IV.
Now back in Indianapolis, Jackson can continue his work protecting the Earth from extraterrestrial threats.


At the August 2017 Agawam Council Board meeting, “Commodore” Bob Gregg was named as a Director Emeritus of Agawam Council, in recognition of his many years of dedicated loyalty, service, and leadership given to Camp Agawam and the Agawam Council.
Photo: “Capt” Pete Caesar gives “Commodore” Bob Gregg the official proclamation.
“Commodore” Robert E. Gregg, Jr.
WHEREAS, The Agawam Council by-laws provide for the naming of Directors Emeriti
in recognition of their exemplary service to Agawam; and
WHEREAS, Commodore Gregg served as the Council’s sixth president from 1993 – 1997.
Commodore is the only Council president to have served a four-year term, during which he oversaw
the Council’s first capital campaign and the construction of Mason Hall; and
WHEREAS, Commodore, with the help of his family and many members of the Agawam community,
established the Mary W. Gregg Endowment for Leadership Enrichment. As of the January 2017 board
meeting, the fund’s balance was $224,725; and
WHEREAS, Commodore, together with his wife Mary, led the charge on organizing the first Agawam
Reunion, and set the standard which guides the way these events have been structured ever since; and
WHEREAS, Commodore’s involvement with the Agawam Council goes back to its inception and includes
decades of service to the Governance Committee and Plant Committee, which he chaired during a
period of significant progress; and
NOW, THEREFORE, I, Peter Mason, on behalf of the Agawam Council Board of Directors, do hereby honor
Commodore Bob Gregg as a Director Emeritus of Agawam Council, in recognition of his many years of
dedicated loyalty, service, and leadership given to Camp Agawam and the Agawam Council.
Peter H. Mason
President, Agawam Council
August 20, 2017


Smith’s Drugs of Forest City began as City Cut Rate Drug in 1939 as a partnership of pharmacists, one of them being L.D. Shuford. The nation was still in the grasp of the Great Depression and this is suspected to have played a role in the closing of City Cut Rate Drug in early 1940. A new partnership was made with L.D. Shuford, E. A. Moffett along with J.M. Smith to form Smith’s Cut Rate Drug. A newly remodeled store opened in the same location on Thursday March 28, 1940. Ever since then, Smith’s Drugs has been a staple in downtown Forest City, NC. Current owners John and Stephanie Higgins continue to make improvements in the store and business models to keep Smith’s Drugs of Forest City an integral part of our community and the services it provides to our residents.
"This is Progressive Rutherford County"
A film commissioned by merchants groups of Forest City, Rutherfordton and Spindale, NC.
*"Smith's Drugs portion starts at 10:51 in video"*


Reviews & Awards
2014 IBPA Benjamin Franklin Award, Juvenile Nonfiction, Gold Winner, from IBPA (Independent Book Publishing Association)
2014 YALSA Excellence in Nonfiction Award Nominee in the company of a dozen terrific nonfiction books published in 2013.
Tillie Pierce: Teen Eyewitness to the Battle of Gettysburg has been named a 2014 NCSS/CBC Notable Social Studies Trade Book for Young People.
Tillie Pierce: Teen Eyewitness to the Battle of Gettysburg has been selected as a Spring 2013 Junior Library Guild Premier Selection. I couldn’t be more thrilled! It is their June Level NM (Nonfiction Middle School) book.
The Junior Library Guild reviews thousands of books every year and selects the best of new and soon-to-be published books for readers in grades PreK–12. Many of their books go on to earn starred reviews and book awards. I’ll keep my fingers crossed!
April 3, 2013: Tillie Pierce is rated as an Outstanding book by the Association of Children’s Librarians of Northern California (BayViews) and is nominated for their Distinguished List for 2013.
ARTICLES & BLOG POSTS ABOUT TILLIE
“Young teens looking beyond the causes and effects of the Civil War will want to delve into Tillie Pierce’s account. When Gettysburg, Pennsylvania filled with soldiers, Tillie fled to safety. But the farm to which they fled was no safer than town. Tillie had a front row seat to the bloodiest battle of the war. Using Tillie’s own words from a book she wrote in 1889, additional research, and many photographs, Anderson paints a detailed picture of the Battle of Gettysburg. The book won’t fill readers with background, but it will give them a great sense of the time and the battle. The superior archived photographs and illustrations truly heighten the reading experience and offer as much details as the text itself. This would be a great independent read and a wonderful choice for classroom teachers looking for a nonfiction book to share with their class.” —starred, Library Media Connection
…In telling this story Anderson shows Tillie Pierce as she observes the suffering of the wounded, sees death, and is nearly killed. This brave teenager comes down through the years and once again tells her story for a new generation of readers. By framing Tillie Pierce’s experiences at Gettysburg in the way she capably does in this excellent book, Anderson offers her audience insights into the face of war and its impact on those who see it. Children’s Literature, Reviewer: Greg M. Romaneck
…Anderson combines lengthy excerpts from the memoir with a narrative that follows the teen and her family through the battle and includes background information about the Pierces and Gettysburg and its importance in the Civil War….The memoir records the girl’s anguish, and Anderson’s use of those quotes and a smooth narrative will help readers identify with Tillie’s feelings and better understand the human cost of the war. Large, well-captioned period photos and maps and sidebars about related topics supplement the text. Offering far more detail than Patricia Gauch’s fictional account of Tillie’s experiences, Thunder at Gettysburg (Coward, 1975), this book offers a unique perspective through the eyes of a young woman who observed and survived the worst of war.
School Library Journal, June issue–Mary Mueller, Rolla Public Schools, MO
…This Spring 2013 Junior Library Guild Premier Selection is also prime “complex text” with its inclusion of primary sources and detailed information about people, places, and events surrounding the bloodiest battle ever fought on American soil….
Anderson uses contemporary pictures and quotes from Tillie’s own account to bring scenes alive of trying to escape to safety, of bringing bread and water to soldiers, of catching glimpses of companies and brigades darting across yards and fields, of sitting with a dying officer who turned out to be General Weed, of witnessing amputations and piles of limbs in the farmyard. And, she guides her readers through the aftermath as the armies retreat and civilians are left to deal with the realities of war. I’ll stop there, leaving Anderson’s masterful crafting of Tillie’s experiences as your guide. She leaves no doubt that every word she shares is based in historic fact….
…My advice? Skip the chapter on Gettysburg in your history textbook, even if you’re teaching high schoolers, and let history come alive for your students through Tillie Pierce. They might just go looking for more!
—Jane Kise, reviewer for Nerdy Book Club, April 24, 2013
This is not a book about what happened on the battlefield of Gettysburg. Rather, it is a book about a real-life 15-year-old girl and the small Pennsylvania town where she happened to live in 1863. Based mostly on Tillie’s own recollection of the conflict, which she wrote and published in 1889, this book combines that writing with Anderson’s smooth retelling to describe the weeks leading up to and following the battle from the perspective of an extremely relatable young witness. Anderson describes Tillie’s fear at seeing the arrival of Confederate cavalry on an otherwise quiet afternoon at school, as well as her tireless tending of the wounded as the battle raged. The narrative is driven home by captivating photographs of the town before and after the battle and of artifacts that were dear to the Pierce family. Copious endnotes and a carefully selected bibliography with plenty of primary source documentation speak to Anderson’s careful research on one of the most exhaustively covered events in American history.
— Erin Anderson, Booklist, March 2013
Tillie Pierce was a normal teenager for her time, but she became an unlikely heroine when the Civil War literally came to her backyard in Gettysburg. . . . Anderson wisely relies heavily on Tillie’s own words in the narrative. Her eyewitness observations are vivid and compelling . . . .
Tillie’s words bring the sights, sounds and smells of a civilian and teenager experiencing war straight to today’s readers in a way a retrospective account cannot.
from Kirkus Reviews, March 2013
There have been so many books written about the Civil War it seems unlikely that another account could breathe new life upon the subject, yet author Tanya Anderson does just that in her new nonfiction historical, Tillie Pierce: Teen Eyewitness to the Battle of Gettysburg….
Just like a page out of Gone with the Wind, Tillie Pierce sees screaming, crying, and dying soldiers in the yard, piled into the barn, and overflowing in the house. And though she is almost paralyzed with fear, she finds herself talking with them and offering comfort as she and the others wait for the awful war to end.
Tillie Pierce: Teen Eyewitness to the Battle of Gettysburg is an extraordinary story of one teen’s courage and determination as a bloody battle rages all around her.
from New York Journal of Books, April 1, 2013
4.5 out of 5★ There is a lot to recommend about this non-fiction historical book which includes the interesting tidbits throughout….Haunting as well as fascinating account of the horror of war told through the eyes of teen who lived in the town while it happened.
I hope after reading this book, Tillie’s story becomes better known, especially as she was an eyewitness to this battle. Add this title to your collection as a great read for teens looking for a new take on the Civil War, possibly for an essay or other homework assignment. Hopefully they’ll find a new heroine they weren’t expecting.


My 5th graders just finished Civil War History Webs. This little project only takes a few periods of work, and really involves creativity and writing.
I don't want to quote directly what they call a history web, to respect their copyright, but as I've changed it up quite a bit from what is discussed in this book, I'll let you know about my version of this great project. BUT, you should go buy this guide, it really is one of the most used resources in my possession.
To make a history web, I recommend the large construction paper (I use the 12" x 18" paper that my school keeps in stock). You want your students to draw a rectangle in the middle of the paper, and from there, divide the paper into however many sections you want them to (I've done 4, 6, and 8). I recommend 6, it's a good number for drawing pictures, they don't come out too small at that size.
However many sections you've divided the paper into is how many different topics you will assign. We just completed these for the Civil War, and their options to choose from included (but were not limited to): Abraham Lincoln, the Battle of Gettysburg, the First Battle of Bull Run, General Lee, General Grant, General Stonewall Jackson, the Emancipation Proclamation, the end of the war, the battle of the Ironclads, Lincoln's Assassination, the Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman, the fall of Richmod, Sojourner Truth, and Nat Turner. You can obviously choose many other things for this.
The assignment for students is to research each of their six topics (or four, or eight, depending). Students will be asked to draw a color picture depicting the topic, and write a paragraph in their own words about that topic, either on the back of the paper or on index cards.
Here are a few examples of exemplary work. Some have the work on index cards, and some have it written on the back:


The first decorated Christmas tree was documented over 500 years ago—men of the local merchants’ guild in Riga, Latvia, decorated a tree with artificial roses, danced around it in the marketplace and then set fire to it. The rose was used for many years in celebrations and is considered to be a symbol for the Virgin Mary. That was the year 1510.
Today, we celebrate the birth of Christ in many ways and with many traditions, but one that never fails to excite the whole family is the tradition of selecting the perfect Christmas tree to decorate in our home.
South Carolina Christmas Farms grow some of the finest Christmas trees in the nation, including the Carolina Sapphire, Blue Ice, Leyland and Murray Cypress; Eastern Red Cedar and Deodar Cedar; Fraser Fir, White Pine and Virginia Pine and a few other varieties. Each has unique characteristics, and every family seems to have their favorites.
To find the South Carolina Christmas Tree Farms nearest you,


Collegiate Presbyterian Church was founded on February 21, 1911, when thirty some members met at the home of Thomas Sloss. By the end of February, the new church closed its charter-membership period with a total of 40.
The Synod of Iowa envisioned a church that would minister to both Iowa State and the greater Ames community. The idea of serving "town and gown" in a single congregation was innovative at the time.
The growth of the congregation was rapid. By 1914 a second pastor was added to the staff. The Rev. J.W. Innes, CPC’s founding pastor, became the college pastor, and the Rev. H.W. Johnston was installed as the community pastor. The original church building, the present sanctuary, was dedicated in 1917. Total membership was 400.
In the 1950's a great deal happened and the building was expanded:
A second worship service was initiated
West wing addition for Christian education, library and choir room
New south wing for church and Chapel, with the second floor housing the Westgate Center's campus ministry facilities
Membership grew to 1600; a second Presbyterian Church, Northminister Presbyterian was established in 1961 at the initiative of Collegiate Presbyterian partnership with the Presbytery of North Central Iowa.
Throughout its history, Collegiate Presbyterian has emerged as a “mainline” Protestant church. It has grown and adapted with its times. As the nation struggled with issues of racial equality, poverty, and international conflict, its mission activities emphasized direct action on behalf of social justice and support for refugee victims of conflict.
Collegiate Presbyterian has followed the denomination’s policies of inclusion on the ordination of women and LGBT persons. It has updated its facilities to make the church “accessible” to the disabled. Its adult education programs included “social issues” such as climate change, a candidates’ forum, and international issues. In 2001, a contemporary service was added.
Great music has been a long and much-valued feature of CPC life. The church has formed numerous choirs, an orchestra, small ensembles, hand bells, and praise band.
Collegiate Presbyterian maintains wide-ranging educational programs for youth, adults, and university students.
All these things occur within the Reformed tradition of Christian faith and worship: Sunday worship services, fellowship time, Bible study and prayer groups. All nurture a faith centered on God and God’s Word, radiated throughout the church community, the larger church community, and to the world at large. Our mission to university students puts us perennially on the frontier of faith, reaching out in the tradition of the frontier evangelists.


The town of Fort Myers was founded in 1886, initially as a fort serving as a base of operations against the Seminole Indians. The town is considered the gateway to Southwest Florida, making the region popular with tourists as well as retirees. Some of the town’s historic highlights include the homes of Thomas Edison and Henry Ford, both popular tourist attractions located along McGregor Boulevard near the charming historic downtown.
As the town gained popularity among retirees, building 55+ communities became de rigeur in the area, and today, more than 20 such places have opened and offer all manner of amenities. From highrise towers to smaller communities near the beach, retirees can find a lifestyle to suit their tastes. The town houses all manner of chain and big box stores, making food shopping and running errands incredibly easy for retirees.
Con: High crime rate
Best For: History lovers
Cost of Living: 7.3% below national average
Median Home Cost: $133,000
Top State Income Tax: no state income tax
Crime Rate: 73% higher than national average
Fort Myers was hit hard during the real estate downturn in 2007 and 2008, and today median home prices linger around a very reasonable $133,000, making it an affordable place to retire. The cost of living is also below the national average.
Outdoor lovers will also find what to do in Fort Myers. The town is home to the Red Sox spring training camp, and more than 40 golf courses. Its proximity to the Caloosahatchee River means fishing and boating are other popular pastimes.
The downside of Fort Myers is that it has a high crime rate compared to the national average, though residents say trouble areas are typically found in specific neighborhoods and easy to avoid.


Camp St. Martins History:
In 2013, Denis Blanchette along with the generous support of the Bodnarek family founded the first ever “Arch GM Summer Camp”.
There had been no Catholic summer camps held within the Archdiocese since Shaw’s Point belonged to the Oblates over 40+ years ago at that time.
The main reason/motivation for summer a camp was:
a. a week vs a weekend experience gives them time to leave their comfort zones and enter into a more spiritual adventure.
b. we wanted good kids to hang out with each other and create strong friendships, create community.
c. we wanted our priests to get involved and support future vocations.
e. we wanted to give an attractive view of Catholicism to the future generation.
In 2016, “Arch GM Summer Camps” was renamed “Camp St. Martin” by a camper after the patron of the Archdiocese St. Martin of Tours.
We offer our greatest gratitude to Denis for his dedication to starting the camp and to the generous support of the Bodnarek family in honour of Norman Mercier who passed away Aug 15, 2007. Without this contribution Camp St. Martin would not be possible.


Welsh gold has been treasured throughout the centuries since the time when the Romans occupied Britain. For the last hundred years our Kings and Queens have used this rare metal to fashion their wedding rings.
Nowadays there are no gold mines in Wales; the last one, the Clogau mine near Bontddu closed in 1998. So the only way to find this gold is to brave the icy Welsh rivers and pan for gold by hand. That is why it is a very rare commodity.
Brian Wright of the Gold Rivers Trust is one of the few who still regularly toil to search out this precious metal. He has given us a few small nuggets to sell on his behalf. These can be used to fashion new jewellery or kept as a rare Welsh memento.
Call us or come in to the shop for more details.


Welcome to the Tesla and Innovation website. This website will introduce you to my book, Tesla: Inventor of the Electrical Age (Princeton University Press) as well as to the work I am doing linking Tesla to modern-day innovation and entrepreneurship.
Nikola Tesla was a major contributor to the electrical revolution that transformed Western culture from 1880 to 1910. He invented a practical alternating current (AC) motor, and he helped the Westinghouse Company create a successful ac system for distributing electric power. Fascinated by Heinrich Hertz’ discovery of electro-magnetic (or radio) waves in 1889, Tesla developed the first tuned circuits for radio and demonstrated a radio-controlled boat in 1898. In the early 1900s, Tesla attempted to create a worldwide system for distributing electric power without using wires. Contributing to both power engineering and electronics, Tesla was, truly, the inventor of the electrical age.
Unlike his rival and contemporary, Thomas Edison who focused on manufacturing his electrical inventions, Tesla chose a different course to develop his inventions. Once he came up with the fundamental concept for a new device (what I call an ideal), the name of the game for Tesla was to secure strong patents, publicize his invention, and then sell the patents to the highest bidder. Promotion, not manufacturing, was the strategy by which Tesla connected his inventions with engineering, manufacturing, and consumption. Because investors and the public seldom understood fully the ideal behind his inventions, Tesla often resorted to using illusions—exciting images, stories, and demonstrations—that connected his creations to needs, wishes, and dreams of the culture. For Tesla, showmanship was essential to moving his creative innovations toward adaption and adoption.
Both of Tesla’s major projects—the AC motor and wireless power—reveal the strengths and weaknesses of promotion as a strategy. With the AC motor in the 1880s, Tesla was successful, thanks to the intervention of his shrewd backers, Charles Peck and Alfred Brown; with their help, Tesla secured the strong patents and newspaper coverage that allowed Peck and Brown to negotiate a deal with Westinghouse. Westinghouse, in turn, was able to solve the engineering problems so that Tesla’s motor came to be widely used in industry.
With wireless power in the 1890s, Tesla unfortunately never found a business partner who could help connect his inventions with existing business practice. After Peck died, Tesla briefly worked with the financier Edward Dean Adams and secured some funding from John Jacob Astor and J.P. Morgan. However, none of these men became intimately involved with helping Tesla to focus his ideas and identify customers. In the meantime, Marconi was successfully developing his own scheme for wireless telegraphy and was able to attract investors and customers. Ever hopeful that bolder claims for wireless power might bring him the necessary funds and resources, Tesla became increasingly caught up in his own illusions until he suffered a nervous breakdown in 1904. While he experimented with a steam turbine and a speedometer over the next fifteen years, Tesla became a recluse and died in 1943. Yet, because he combines technical achievement and the imagery of genius with a touch of mystery, Tesla continues to fascinate Americans today.
Over the past fifteen years, I have had the pleasure of investigating Tesla’s life and inventions. This work has resulted in a new biography titled Tesla: Inventor of the Electrical Age. Using manuscript sources, patent testimony, and newspaper reports, I sought in this book to answer three key questions: How did Tesla invent? How did his inventions work? And what happened as he introduced his inventions? This website includes a description of the book, the coverage it’s receiving in the media, and my most recent work on Tesla. I hope you enjoy the site and find it to be a useful introduction to the ways in which Tesla can inform and inspire the creativity that we so vitally need today for our economy, society, and culture.
W. Bernard Carlson
Professor and Chair
Department of Engineering and Society
University of Virginia


MASJIDUL AQSA FIFTY ONE YEARS LATER THE INFERNO CONTINUES TO BLAZE
All praise is due to Allah and may His choicest salutations continue to descend upon our Master and Leader Mohamed (May Peace be upon him)
On 21 August, 1969, an extremist Australian Christian, Dennis Michael Rohan, attempted to set fire to Al-Aqsa Mosque. Fifty one years later the threat against the Noble Sanctuary of Al-Aqsa continues to blaze fuelled by the oppressive and illegitimate occupation of Palestine.
The fire destroyed some of Jerusalem's most historic landmarks, including a 1,000-year-old pulpit. It was Nur al-Din Zangi who ordered the construction of the pulpit while preparing for the conquest of Jerusalem but died before he could retake the city. Salah al-Din Al-Ayubi undertook the transportation of the pulpit from Aleppo to Jerusalem in AH 583 / AD 1187.
The pulpit signified the victory of Jerusalem, today; it signifies the ongoing struggle for the liberation of Al Quds. It serves as a symbol of hope and courage. It serves as a reminder that when the pulpit of Aqsa is threatened the pulpits of all masaajid in the world should reverberate with the call for resistance against the desecration of the third holiest site in Islam.
The United Ulama Council of South Africa (UUCSA) calls upon Muslims to support the global campaign initiated by the Mimbar Al Aqsa Forum schedule to begin on the 21 August 2020
Yusuf Patel (Ml)
13 August 2020


Russian massage is a system of therapeutic and sports massage developed in the former Soviet Union. It uses a variety of manipulations of the body's soft tissues to achieve benefits, including stress reduction and relief from muscle aches.
Many cultures around the world developed forms of massage therapy , including the ancient peoples of China, India, and Greece. One early advocate was Hippocrates, the Greek physician widely considered to be the father of medicine. Per Henrik Ling, a nineteenth-century Swedish physician who employed vigorous massage to stimulate circulation of the blood and lymph, is usually considered the founder of modern European massage. Massage was not studied or used scientifically in Russia until 1860. Treatment methods were developed further after World War II when pharmaceuticals were in short supply.
The Soviet Union employed physiatrists—medical doctors with Ph.D. degrees in physical therapy—to research the benefits of using natural healing modalities. They developed a form of petrissage to reverse atrophy in muscles and help stimulate new growth. Russian physiologists found all movements of massage function on the basis of neurohormone and neuroendocrine reflexes. Un-like other massage therapies, Russian massage is based on the physiology of a dysfunction rather than on anatomy as the principal guideline for treatment.


Groningen Seaports comprises two ports, the port of Delfzijl and Eemshaven, and two inland ports, Farmsumerhaven and Oosterhornhaven.
The port of Delfzijl is mentioned in maritime publications dating as far back as the 16th century. A strong industrial core developed in the port area in the second half of the 20th century. The port of Delfzijl is now an international industrial and commercial harbour of great stature.
In 1968 the Dutch government earmarked the Eemsmond region as an economic spearhead region. One of the core developments was the building of the deep sea port, Eemshaven. The new port was officially opened by Queen Juliana in 1973. The project got off to a hesitant start, but this changed at the end of the nineties. Since that time the seaport has developed at lightning speed into a full-service port service and logistical hub in Northwest Europeans sea lanes.
The inland ports
Inland shipping in Groningen has been greatly stimulated since the second half of the 19th century. A new canal was built between Groningen and Delfzijl: the Eemskanaal. He canal strongly boosted inland shipping traffic. Throughout the years a great deal of work has been done on the infrastructure to encourage inland shipping. The recent upgrading of the Lemmer-Delfzijl navigation route has brought this process to a provisional end. Delfzijl now has two inland ports: Farmsumerhaven and Oosterhornhaven.


On the aftermath of Francis’s death:
"…Mary wore white and shut herself in a black room lit by torches to give herself up totally to her sorrow. As the Venetian ambassador commented: ‘Soon the death of the late King will be forgotten by all except his little wife…her unhappiness and incessant tears call forth general compassion.’"
- Antonia Fraser, Mary Queen of Scots
"…Mary left her royal apartments and went into mourning in a private chamber. During the first fifteen days, she refused any visitors…She sat almost motionless in her white mourning clothes, the room in darkness with the windows blackened and the only light provided by candles."
- John Guy, Queen of Scots: The True Life of Mary Stuart


Peleliu -Rakuen no GUERNICA-
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Summer, 1944. Tamaru, a soldier aspiring to be a manga artist, was on the island of Peleliu in the Pacific Ocean.
It was a paradise surrounded by coral reefs and covered with beautiful forests. It was also an insane battlefield where 50,000 soldiers from Japan and the U.S. killed each other.
The 40,000 U.S. troops attacked to seize the airfield, who was said to be the best in the East, while the 10,000 Japanese garrison was ordered to "hold out." On a small island far from their homeland, what did they fight for and what did they think about?
The long-forgotten true stories of the young people who lived through the war years are now told through this book.
|Series/Label||Young Animal Comics|
|Released Date||Jul 2016|
|Total Page Number||208 pages|
|Color Page Number||---|
|Visualization experience||YES （Animation in progress）|


Published in 2011 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.) in association wi
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