This time, professional manga translator/editor, publisher, and friend of yuri manga Erica Friedman (Yuricon, ALC Publishing) contributed her story in celebration of new release of KUZUSHIRO’s “Kimino Tamenara Shineru” Vol. 2!! Read the story below, and become interested in Heian period(*1)?! *1 Heian Period is an important period of Japanese history which ran from 794 C.E. to 1185 C.E..
Heian Imperial Life
In our first essay we introduced you to the main characters of Kimino Tamenara Shineru and to the Heian Period in general. This time, we’ll talk about some specifics of life in the Imperial Court.
One of the key things to be aware of when we discuss “Murasaki Shikibu,” or “Sei Shonagon,” is that these were not their “real” names. Women at court were usually known by a pseudonym or nickname. Only immediate family might, if anyone, use their given name.
“Sei” is an alternate pronunciation for the character “Kiyo,” from Shonagon’s family name “Kiyohara,” and “Shonagon” is the title of the position held by a close male relative. (It’s because of this title that the other ladies-in-waiting are able to quickly deduce that she’s from a family of the lower nobility.) Her real name may have been Kiyohara Nagiko.
“Shikibu” is, again, a title of office, and “Murasaki” is generally thought to be a nickname. Her real name may have been Fujiwara Takako, mentioned as a lady-in-waiting in a court diary in 1070.
In the Tale of Genji, ladies throughout are given poetic nicknames like “Lady of the Bitter Orange.” These kinds of nicknames are thought to have been relatively common among the women of the court. Of course, Kuzushiro-sensei is also having a little fun with the ladies-in-waiting, naming them after their hair color (or perhaps vice versa, giving them hair colors based on the names he’s chosen.) By virtue of their names, Murasaki has purple eyes and hair, Kou has red hair, Sui green, Shirogane silver.
Clothing and Fashion
The 12-layered kimono, the juunihitoe, is recognized even by the Japanese as a stereotypically “Japanese” item of clothing. Murasaki’s Tale of Genji includes many mentions of the various layers and subtle color combinations in kimono worn by men and women of the court. These combinations were determined by season and position at court.
Fashion then, as it still does, dictated hair style, makeup and other details of couture. Women of the time drew their eyebrows high on the forehead and reddened their lips, and both men and women powdered their faces and blackened their teeth. Men of the court often wore a thin mustache or goatee. Hats, known as the kazaori eboshi, were worn by men as indicators of rank (and are still used today for ceremonial purposes. It’s not impossible to walk around Tokyo at New Year’s and come across a man dressed in Heian period clothing in a Shrine precinct.)
A Life of Ritual
The Emperor and his court lived a life that was severely proscribed by ritual. Onmyouji (divination experts) would determine through several means what days were auspicious and inauspicious – even certain directions were well known for being unlucky. The Emperor spent much of his time participating in rituals to ensure the peace and safety (Hei-An) of his country. Forces that needed to be kept in balance included the 8 directions, the 5 elements and of course the complementary forces of In and Yo (Yin and Yang.) To keep these forces in balance, the Emperor and his court might walk only in one direction for the day, or never visit a particular portion of the palace.
Rituals were divided into several kinds, including rituals of the outer court (where administrative personnel resided and worked), rituals of the inner court, rituals which would include participation by imperial officials and rituals performed by the Emperor or his stand-ins. Prayers by the Emperor were a major part of his role and Imperial Court life.
The layout of the Heian-kyo, the capital city, was meant to reflect (and be an improvement upon) the Chinese Tang Dynasty capital of Chang-An. The order with which the city and the palace were laid out reflected the order and tranquility conferred upon the land by the Emperor.
The palace grounds are a large rectangular enclosure but, although it was the official residence of the Emperor, he more often stayed in temporary residences with his nobles in their homes. (Much the same way the French King would travel to his nobles’ estates and let them host him and his retinue…and probably for many of the same reasons.)
The enclosure was home to ceremonial and administrative buildings and the residential compound of the Emperor, known as the Inner Palace. The Inner Palace was also home to the Imperial consorts, and other buildings, both ceremonial and administrative, that were related to the Emperor himself. Teishi would later reside in the Office of the Empress’s Household (the “Chuuguushiki”) in the Outer Palace, after having left the palace entirely for a time, when her position at court became less secure.
Teishi was the Emperor’s favorite consort for years, but her family lost power when her father died and her brother Korechika (the one who gave her the paper for “The Pillow Book”) was temporarily exiled. Fujiwara no Michinaga then became the most powerful member of the clan, and had his daughter Shoushi made a consort to the Emperor. Shortly after, perhaps feeling his position threatened because Teishi had just borne the Emperor a son, he arranged for Shoushi to share the position of Empress with Teishi; Teishi was given the title “Kougouguu,” and Shoushi, “Chuuguu” (Teishi’s old title). Teishi’s own father had unwittingly laid the groundwork for this when he arranged for Teishi to share the position of Empress with Fujiwara no Junshi (the Empress from the previous Emperor); before that, the “Kougouguu” and “Chuuguu” titles had been held by one person, who was considered *the* Empress. Teishi and Shoushi were the first joint Empresses to a single Emperor, but this arrangement did not last for long, as Teishi died soon after.
It probably doesn’t need to be said, but, Kuzushiro-sensei plays pretty fast and free with all this, so you don’t have to worry too much about what really happened – you can just enjoy the antics in the Inner Palace.
- Erica Friedman (Editor) and Erin Subramanian (translator)
Win a Copy of Sei Shonagon’s “The Pillow Book”!
JManga and ALC Publishing are offering you a chance to win your own copy of Sei Shonagon’s diary, known as “The Pillow Book.” You can read about how small things are cute, (and also annoying) and many other of Shonagon’s most secret thoughts.
Purchase Kimino Tamenara Shineru, Volume 2 on JManga during July 26th to August 1st 23:59 and be automatically entered to win – it’s that easy.


Rise of the Runelords
Human Cleric of Sarenrae
Constantin Valdemar, human priest of Sarenrae. Originally from a large family, which itself was a branch of an even larger merchant clan hailing from Magnimar. Constantin came to Sandpoint to be present at the consecration of the cathedral in town.


From the vault: new old stock 1992 Olympic Dream Team tshirt with original tag, size XL! This shirt features the iconic 1992 Olympic Summer Games Dream Team with each member depicted on the front. These Olympics took place in Barcelona and the Americans took home the Gold Medal. The back features a large American Flag with each team member's name listed on the back: Jordan, Barkley, Stockton, Drexler, Robinson, Pippen, Laettner, Bird, Mullin, Ewing, Malone, and Johnson. May have some minor marks from age & storage.
Fits like an Adult XL. Contact us with questions about sizing or anything else.


How We Began
And who we are today…
In 1940 a missionary, Harold Lewis, held a tent campaign and from that started a regular children’s meeting and adult Church meeting in a hut on the site of our Youth Hall and bookshop. The present Church building was built by the people themselves and the first floor opened in 1955.
Many people have become followers of Jesus Christ over the years, their lives being changed by his grace and the work has expanded. So for over 70 years the Church has served God and this community.
Today it is a lively and diverse group of ordinary people of all ages from many different backgrounds.


|US SOLUTION BARISTA TRAINING COFFEE O'CLOCK JAMAO COMMUNICATION HOME|
|COMMUNICATION > Historical supports
Signs of the times, of different fashions – maybe simpler? maybe more effective? – to communicate.
We offer here a very simple collection of advertising materials: they tell the story of Caffé River but even more about the times when they were produced.Nostalgia? Maybe…


About 5 years after The Monkees 1989 tours concluded, Rhino Records was re-releasing all of the Monkees' original albums on CD and the third wave of Monkee Mania was about to occur. In mid-1994, The Monkees were approached to reunite again for a UK reunion tour. By the time Dolenz, Jones, & Tork agreed, the time had already passed and it was too late to make arrangements. After this tour fell through, Micky Dolenz & Davy Jones decided not to let a good opportunity go to waste and got together to travel North America on their "Together Again" tour from July-September 1994. On January 5, 1995, all four original Monkees appeared at the Hollywood Hard Rock Cafe to accept platinum record awards for their first five albums, where they announced plans for an upcoming full reunion. During the time between then and 1996, Micky, Davy, & Peter got together to film a Pizza Hut commercial with Ringo Starr of The Beatles. Due to the popularity of the "Together Again" tour, Micky & Davy decided to do it again from June-October 1995. Later in the year, Dolenz, Jones, & Tork appeared on the hit TV show "Boy Meets World." By the time 1996 rolled around, The Monkees were collectively making plans for a brand new album of new material and in May, recording had begun. Meanwhile, a new greatest hits album was released, Nesmith & a movie producer had sold an idea for a Monkees feature film, and Tork, Jones, & Dolenz were touring North America from June-September to try to raise interest in their upcoming album. Nesmith originally planned on joining the others, but didn't like the idea of touring for long periods of time, and was caught up in a long lawsuit with PBS. On the 1996 N.A. Tour, the "20th Anniversary Tour 1986" album was re-issued on CD as "Live!" and sold at concerts. Finally, on October 15, 1996, the new album featuring only songs written, produced, & recorded by The Monkees, called "Justus" was released.
To promote the album, all four Monkees played a mini-concert on November 20 at the Billboard Live Club in Los Angeles, CA, which was covered widely by the media. During the week of January 21-28, 1997, the guys filmed and recorded material for their new TV special "Hey Hey It's The Monkees," which aired on ABC on February 17 of that year. After almost 30 years, all four Monkees finally played a full concert tour together in the UK in March. Plans were to bring this special tour to North America in the summer months of 1997, but Nesmith unexpectedly dropped out due to numerous complicated reasons. He later explained that he wasn't getting the enjoyment he was looking for onstage, singing Monkees tunes. In June, the "Justus" video featuring parts of the November 1996 Billboard Live concert, TV show clips, & music videos was released. With dates already planned and tickets sold, the three Monkees continued without Nesmith from June-December. An early 1998 tour of Australia and New Zealand was also scheduled for Tork, Dolenz, & Jones, but was canceled due to somewhat disappointing ticket sales after Nesmith left and Davy wanting to pursue his solo career. In the middle stages of 1998, all four Monkees were approached with contracts for the Monkees Movie that was talked about in 1996. Mike, Micky, & Peter all agreed, but Davy refused to be a part of it. As a result, all members went their seperate ways and continued with their own careers, not knowing what would be in store for them only a few years later.
Page URL: http://www.monkeesrule43.com/
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The Abyssinian Apostolic Church was initially founded and established on April 5, 2005 under the name of the Apostolic Anglican Church of America under the auspices of the Archdiocese of the Mid-West. In its original formation, the Apostolic Anglican Church of America was established as the United States national province within the Apostolic Communion of Anglican Churches.
The Apostolic Anglican Church of America was purposed to promote “Convergence,” which is the bringing together into one cohesive body the three streams of Christendom – Evangelical, Charismatic/Pentecostal, and Liturgical/Sacramental. The format of worship in its original form was based on the 1928 edition of the Book of Common Prayer.
Up until October 27, 2012, the Apostolic Anglican Church of America had only one Archdiocese (The Archdiocese of the Mid-West). On that date, the Apostolic Anglican Church of America admitted and established two other Dioceses (The Diocese of St. Mark the Evangelist and The Diocese of St. Benedict The Moor). Since that time, the Apostolic Anglican Church of America expanded to include the following Diocese – The Diocese of St. Peter, The Diocese of St. Paul, and The Diocese of St. Matthew.
On October 28, 2014, the Apostolic Anglican Church of America , by unanimous decision of the House of Bishops voted to officially change the name of the national province to the Abyssinian Apostolic Church. This was done for a two-fold reason:
- To acknowledge and create a culturally relevant church body that promotes Africentric culture and worship style.
- In a means to identify the national province with the constituents it serves by renaming the province with an Africentric title.
It is to be noted that the Abyssinian Apostolic Church remains true to the principles, doctrines and polity of the Christian faith and order, while benefiting both spiritually and numerically by providing a structured, yet free worship environment and a modernized liturgy that blends the elements of Evangelical and Charismatic/Pentecostal worship into the Liturgical/Sacramental (The Abyssinian Rite).
In January of 2015, the name of the national province was officially changed to the Abyssinian Apostolic Church, and all of the Dioceses which were vested under the auspices of the Apostolic Anglican Church of America officially adopted “Apostolic” as the prefix to their diocesan name. Hence, the Dioceses are now known as follows:
- The Apostolic Diocese of St. Mark the Evangelist
- The Apostolic Diocese of St. Peter
- The Apostolic Diocese of St. Paul
- The Apostolic Diocese of St. Matthew
Note : The original Archdiocese retained its original name, The Archdiocese of the Mid-West
On November 21, 2015, the Abyssinian Apostolic Church admitted the Missionary Diocese of St. Frumentius, which has been placed under the immediate jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of the Mid-West.
On May 15, 2016, during the celebration of Pentecost Sunday, Bishop Glouster G. Brooks, Sr., OSP of the Apostolic Diocese of St. Frumentius and Bishop James Thompson, Ph.D., OSP (Vicar for Priests) received Episcopal Consecration at the hand of Archbishop D. E. Chase, in Orlando, FL.
Additionally, on the same day, May 15, 2016, Archbishop Dennis M. Golphin, Ph.D., OSP entered into Patriarchal Vows at the hand of Archbishop D. E. Chase, Ph.D., OSP.
On November 19, 2016 in the City of Louisville, KY, The Rev. B. Jamal Broadnax and The Rev. Corey A. Jenkins were ordained as Priests. Additionally, The Rev. Vittina M. Mills was ordained as Deacon of the Church.


We had a very successful release of our last article on the ancient practice of Tokatufa throughout Polynesia. Tens of thousands of people have read, shared, tagged our page, and contacted me personally via email.
There were many discussions throughout social media and forums on my article, and many have discussed how Tangaloa was a god and have disputes about his origins. I wish to address these questions; but before we can discuss these important questions, we need to briefly go over how Polynesian history was first recorded and how we developed some of the erroneous ideas about ancient Polynesian history including how many view key ancient Polynesian characters such as Tangaloa, Maui, and many others.
First off, I want to thank all the missionaries from the 1800’s for the work they did to record our history, especially when compared to the little they knew or understood about ancient Polynesian history. Our responsibility as Polynesians is to take the work of the early missionaries and correct any errors in their records due to their lack of understanding of ancient Polynesian religion, science, society, and politics.
There are too many modern-day Polynesian historians and Ph.D’s in the academic world who are approaching Polynesian history with the same mistakes that plagued the early missionaries’ records. In other words, both early missionaries and modern-day historical academia view, interpret, and express their understanding of ancient Polynesian history through a western view, interpretation, and expression. I describe this issue as looking at Polynesian history through “Western Eyes” rather than through “Polynesian Eyes”.
The modern Polynesian historian almost exclusively base and express their views, interpretations, and expressions on the efforts of the early missionaries and, therefore, inherit the mistakes and misconceptions that plagued the missionaries’ historical records as well.
There may be countless reasons why current Polynesian historians have done this, but I suspect that the major reasons are that:
- Too many are not willing or able to put in the mental and emotional time and effort to dig up this history. This is true because such an undertaking would require a lifetime of commitment to re-store Polynesian history as it truly was and is.
- Too many are not willing to pay the financial sacrifice required to fund a lifetime of work, which requires a significant financial commitment to fund research, experiments, and travels throughout the world.
This is why my non-profit foundation is called Polynesian Eyes. It is a non-profit foundation that reveals ancient Polynesian history through the “Eyes of a Polynesian.”
When I first presented my work to King Tupou IV, he saw the importance of restoring our history through the “eyes of a polynesian.” Tupou IV in 1986, charged me to complete this work for these reasons:
- Because of my unique relationship to Ancient Tonga through my ancestors who are buried throughout the Langi’s in my home town of Mu’a.
- The traditional education I received through Kaliloa & Tanoa from the elders and leaders of Mu’a the ancient capital of Tonga. It is my education via Kaliloa and Tanoa that I am able to see history through Polynesian Eyes rather than through Western Eyes.
With the necessary background of where the current errors of ancient Polynesian history come from, we can now return to the question at hand.
Who is Tangaloa and where does he come from?
- To the lower right we have one picture showing two types of langi. The first being a Langi of Tangaloa / Tu’i Tonga a physical structure and the second langi meaning sky. My question is which Langi is Tu’i Manu’a’s father, Tangaloa, from? Langi the Earth Pyramid or Langi the Sky? Western Eyes will say langi as in sky because they are looking at history through a western view. My Polynesian Eyes, based off of my traditional education and the blood that flows in my veins, will choose Langi the Earth Pyramid. Why is this my choice? Because when I die, just like my ancestors for many generations before me, I will be buried in Langi. Am I a god or myth? No, I am real, I am a man just like everyone else. For more information read my article on Tangaloa and Langi.
- Tangaloa and Maui, as well, were not gods. They were ancient Polynesian titles that were held by mere mortals, but they held positions of respect, knowledge, and power throughout Polynesia. This is the reason why many have mistakenly thought they were gods because academia blindly accepted the “western eyes” of the early missionaries in recording Polynesian history. The missionaries incorrectly chose to see Langi the home of Tangaloa as sky rather than the earth pyramid. This error is because the Western Eyes could not accept that a so called uncivilized savage people could have complex knowledge and technology that was beyond the knowledge and technology of the Western World. For more information on this read my article on “Lotu”.
So we see that Tangaloa is a title held by a mortal man and that he lived in Langi. There is only one place in the world in which one can find Langis, and that is in the Kingdom of Tonga. Can we find descendants of Tangaloa in Samoa? Yes, but Tangaloa resided in Langi, in Tonga. More information can be found in my Tangaloa and Langi Article.
While we are here, we need to recognize the relationship that Polynesians have with other civilizations around the world. Tonga has a relationship with other civilizations that are referred to as mound builders. It is commonly thought of in the academic world to trace Polynesian origins through the Lapita pottery that is tracked throughout the Pacific.
We recognize that Lapita pottery is found throughout Polynesia, as this is primarily driven by the vast reach of the Polynesian Empire and the vast trading that stretched to almost every corner of the Pacific Ocean. So it expected that we would find traces of Southeast Asian pottery throughout Polynesia, but to base a whole theory of origination on this has many weaknesses as pottery would be a common trading item when Polynesians came in contact with Southeast Asian peoples.
However, a more significant evidence of the origins of Polynesians is the overwhelming evidence that Polynesians are mound builders. On Tongatapu alone, a land mass of approximately 99 square miles, we find over 10,000 man-made sias or mounds. Mounds are a higher indication of a people’s culture and origin as this knowledge and practice is unique, especially when we find tens of thousands of mounds within a small area.
The evidence of mound builders connects Tonga to civilizations in the Americas. So the Tangaloas and subsequently the Tu’i Tongas are an extension of the mound builders from the Americas as the Americas have hundreds of thousands possibly millions of mounds built throughout North and South America.
Tangaloa, Maui Gods or Men?


Here are some photos from my visit to Verulamium Park in St. Albans. Unfortunately I didn’t get a chance to visit the museum, but I was able to soak up some of the city’s Roman history in the glorious May sunshine.
My visit also reminded me of how great solo trips are. I love travelling with other people, and there’s nothing like experiencing a city or country with your friends, but I believe that solo trips are good for the soul.
You have to be decisive, motivated and have your research down (and be safe, as always), and it can give you a chance to see things or meet people that you might not have done had you been a duo or a group.
I know St. Albans isn’t exactly a big, exciting travel adventure, bit it was a mini-adventure that quenched my wanderlust for now. It also served as a reminder of the long history that surrounds this area, and even though my speciality is not in ancient history or Roman Britain, it was great to get back into history and heritage mode after my end of exam break. (Also, local travel is great.)


Tony Scase founded Tony Scase News Service Ltd. The news agency grew over the years to provide news stories to national newspapers and television. Tony Scase was a freelance news reporter for both BBC Look East and ITV Anglia Television.
Sadly, Tony Scase died suddenly in January 1994. Tony Scase News Service is still operating under the leadership of his wife Hilary Scase.
From the BBC archives here are some video clips of Tony Scase reporting:
From 28 November 1971
Farmer cracks ‘major smuggling ring’
From 3 March 1974
Turkish jet crashes killing 345
From 1 June 1985
Hippies clash with police at Stonehenge
Here are some pictures of Tony Scase:
Look East Promotional Photograph
Tony Scase interviewing the Duke of Edinburgh
Tony Scase interviewing the then Prime Minister John Major
Tony Scase in the office at Congham
Tony Scase relaxing at Congham
Congham Church which was supported by Tony Scase


GAPAN Affiliation Dinner May 2012 - Smuts House
Annual Dinner 2012
Picture 1: Wg Cdr Clive Mitchell holding forth with Cdr David Kaufman and standing Tom Borrill.
Picture 2: The Vista room at the Wanderers Club
Picture 3: Wynand Coetzee with Jeff Earle - can't think what they were discussing!
Battle of Britain Ladies Lunch - 3rd September 2010
Tiger Moth aircraft salute the Royal Air Force Officers' Club - Johannesburg at their Battle of Britain lunch held at the Wanderers Club.
SAAF - AAD2010 - Ysterplaat
September 24th was an early start from Waterkloof for the trip to Ysterplaat for the visit AAD2010. Pictures are courtesy Prof. John Ledger who spent most of his day with one eye closed taking snaps for us.
SAAF Parade Swartkop 28 January 2011
Pictures taken by Karl Jensen. We will load more soon. It was a great day with super flying by the SAAF showing a variety of aircraft in close formations.
Swartkops Flying Day
General Earp last flew a Mustang in Korea and then spent some time in a POW camp. He recently took a nostalgic ride in Mustang Sally at Swartkop Air Base and as can be seen he seemed to enjoyed it. Menno Parsons said he was so chuffed to be able to do this for the ex Chief of the South African Air Force. Thanks Menno.
Battle of Britain lunch 2nd September 2011
The pictures speak for themselves. A big thank you to Scully Levin and his team for the Harvard fly-past and the missing man formation. Also another big thank you to Menno Parsons for the special arrival of "Mustang Sally" for a double pass. Very special indeed.
Please go to the Newsletter to read more about the lunch and the events that took place.
Pictures by John Ledger.
Battle of Britain - 70 years on
Joint Memorial Service - 15th May 2011
Our Chairman laid a wreath at the Joint Memorial Service recently. The service was well attended and thankfully the sun was kind to us. Just as we were about to leave a picture was taken and seeing our group the Chief of the South African Air Force came and joined us.


- Ingredients 9 Count
- Nutrition 470 Calories
- Directions 35 Minutes
Information Of Ghazipur
Ghazipur Ghazipur City is a city/town and a municipal corporation and headquarter of Ghazipur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Ghazipur Division and Sub-division. Back to the past, it was a place of administration under Guptas dynasty too than earlier as described in Hindu Mythology, as kingdom of King Vishwamitra, who later changed into saint and popularly known as Maharshi Vishwamitra. Later, during muslim rule, it was founded by Sayyeid Masood "Ghazi", during the Tughlaq dynasty. Its ancient name was Gadhipur which was changed to Ghazipur about 1330, reputedly in honour of Ghazi Malik, a Muslim ruler.
Ghazipur is famous for its opium factory, which is the largest legal opium factory in the world started by British East India Company in 1820. It's also home to handloom weaving and a perfume industry. The town is an important agricultural market. Lord Cornwallis, governor-general of British India, died in Ghazipur and is buried there. The town is very close to the UP-Bihar border. The local language at the place is Bhojpuri. Ghazipur borders the important religious city of Varanasi and is situated about 70 km East of Varanasi.
History Of Ghazipur .
Ghazipur was covered with dense forest during the Vedic era and it was a place for ashrams of saints during that period. The place is related to the Ramayana period. Maharshi Jamadagni, the father of Maharshi Parashurama is said to have resided here. The famous Gautama Maharishi and Chyavana were given teaching and sermon here in ancient period. Lord Buddha gave his first sermon in Sarnath, which is not far from the here. The Aurihar region of Ghazipur became the main centre of teachings of Lord Buddha. Many stupas and pillars are the main evidence of that period. Chinese traveller Hieun Tsang visited this area and has described this place as Chanchu "Kingdom of the Lord of battles."
Ghazipur was an important region in the medieval period from the Sultanate era to the Mughal period. During the Tughlaq era, Zuna Khan alias Muhammad bin Tughlaq established the city of Jaunpur as the capital under which Ghazipur was ruled. In the regime of Zuna Khan, Sayyed Masood Ghazi established this town, by defeating Raja Mandhata, a descendent(?) of the brave King Prithvi Raj Chauhan. In the Lodhi period Naseer Khan Nuhani was the administrator of this place. This area was the main center when Babur took over this place and Maseer Khan Nuhani was its administrator. During the reign of Akbar, Afghan Ali Kuli Khan was made the administrator of this place and he established the town of Zamania (A major block of Ghazipur). After the death of Aurangzeb this area was taken over by Zamindar Mansa Ram. Thereafter this place came under the suzerainty of the Benaras State and Raja Bhagwant Singh, son of Mansa Ram, was made the Zamindar of Ghazipur.
The town came to prominence when Jonathan Dunken, a resident of Benares established a judicial court here in 1787. The region fell under the British Rule after Warren Hastings captured it during a battle. Lord Cornwallis who is famous for the introduction of land reforms in British India came to this place and accidentally died here. In his memory a very beautiful tomb which attracts the tourists is also present here.
Ghazipur is fortunate enough that the first scientific society of India was established here in 1862 by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan for propagating modern Western knowledge of science, technology and industry. It was a departure from the past in the sense that education made a paradigm shift from traditional humanisties and related disciplines to the new field of science and agriculture which ultimately paved the necessary background for the establishment of present Technical Education and Research Institute (TERI), a post-graduate college, in the city.
The area is home to many well known freedom fighters. The hero of first war of independence (which is also referred as Sepoy Mutiny) Mangal Pandey belonged to this area (now part of Ballia). The famous Nilha Sahib revolt is also associated with this place where the farmers revolted against the British and set fire to several indigo godowns. This place has played a significant role in the Indian National movement. During the Home Rule movement and the Quit India movement people of Ghazipur took part courageously and fearlessly. During Quit India movement, a group of freedom fighters of Sherpur village under the leadership of Dr. Shiv Pujan Rai hoisted the Tricolour at Mohammadabad tehsil. Parashuram Rai took part in the quit India movement.
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The History of Forestport
From settlement to modern day, Forestport has a storied and interesting history. From tumultuous tourism periods to growing and dying industries, this classic Adirondack town has enough history to keep anyone interested! If you would like a more in-depth look at the region’s history, visit our free local library, Woodgate Free Library.
You can also download our extended historical document, a PDF that more closely examines the history of the region, its industries, tourism, and important figures in various eras.


Queen Charlotte is an heirloom variety that was very popular in the late Victorian times. First introduced in Germany in 1900, it has beautifully fragrant blue flowers on long stems and flowers in the early spring and again in the late summer. Known for centuries, violets were used by the ancient Greeks to make herbal remedies, to sweeten food and to flavour wines. In mythology, they were related to Aphrodite and Priapus, the gods of love, gardens and generations, and they are still a symbol of innocence and everlasting love. Later, violets have been used in the production of perfumes, thanks to their unique scent, whereas the edible petals are used to make violet syrup, sweets and cakes.


Via dell'Umiltà 77/a 00187 Roma
Tel/Fax 06 6791540 firstname.lastname@example.org
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wednesday 24th april 2024
Since 1974, Ex Libris has been managing one of the oldest antiquarian bookshops in Rome, founded in the early 1900’s. In our shop, you will find books of any subject from the XVIth to the XXth century.
Our collection is mainly comprised of contemporary editions (published during the Author’s lifetime).
Furthermore, we have a large choice of old original maps, views and prints.
This website shows a large selection but not all of our collection. As well as searching on line, if you are in Rome you can also visit personally our shop (close to the Trevi Fountain) recognized as historical by the City of Rome, where we will find a wide exhibition area.
You will enjoy browsing through our shelves.


Heritage restoration in Sydney plays a crucial role in preserving Sydney’s historical charm and architectural heritage. These skilled professionals specialise in restoring and renovating historic buildings, ensuring they stand the test of time and continue showcasing the city’s rich cultural heritage. This article will explore five key benefits of heritage restoration in Sydney, highlighting their significant contribution to preserving history and architectural legacy.
1. Expertise in Historic Restoration
Heritage restoration deeply understands historical construction methods, materials, and architectural styles. Their expertise allows them to undertake restoration projects with precision and accuracy, ensuring that the original character and authenticity of the historic building are preserved. Whether it’s a colonial-era house, a heritage-listed commercial building, or a historic landmark, heritage restoration has the knowledge and skillset to bring these structures back to their former glory.
2. Attention to Detail
Preserving historical buildings requires meticulous attention to detail. Heritage restoration is known for its dedication to maintaining historic structures’ intricate details and unique features. From ornate mouldings and decorative elements to traditional craftsmanship, heritage restoration goes above and beyond to ensure that no detail is overlooked during the restoration process.
3. Use of Traditional Building Techniques and Materials
Heritage Restoration employs traditional building techniques and materials to ensure authenticity in its restoration work. They source vintage materials or craft original elements replicas, ensuring the building remains true to its historical roots. By using traditional methods, heritage restoration keeps the historic value of the structure intact while also improving its structural integrity.
4. Compliance with Heritage Regulations
Preserving historical buildings often involves navigating complex heritage regulations and guidelines. Heritage restoration is well-versed in these regulations and works closely with heritage authorities to ensure their restoration projects comply with all necessary requirements. By adhering to heritage regulations, heritage restoration safeguards the historical significance of the building and prevents any potential damage to its heritage value.
5. Contributing to Cultural Identity and Tourism
Historic buildings are essential to a city’s cultural identity and contribute significantly to its tourism industry. By preserving and restoring these structures, heritage restoration help to maintain the unique character of Sydney and attract visitors from around the world. Tourists and locals alike appreciate these buildings’ charm and historical significance, making them valuable assets to the city’s cultural and economic landscape.
Heritage restoration in Sydney plays a vital role in preserving the city’s history and architectural heritage. Their expertise in historic restoration, attention to detail, and use of traditional building techniques ensure that historic buildings retain their original charm and authenticity. By complying with heritage regulations, heritage restoration safeguards the historical significance of these structures while contributing to the city’s cultural identity and tourism industry.
In a rapidly developing city like Sydney, heritage restoration plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the tangible reminders of its past. The work of these skilled professionals ensures that future generations can continue to appreciate and connect with the city’s rich history and architectural legacy.


This is the new US Flag 2018 For more than half a century, U.S. stamps have depicted the American flag in vivid red, white, and blue. This eye-catching new issuance continues that tradition with a striking graphic design of a flag. Although the American flag had appeared on U.S. stamps as far back as 1869, usually as a small element in a larger vignette, it was only in 1957 that the U.S. Post Office Department developed a quick and economical way to produce bicolor or multicolor stamps that could depict the flag in its true red, white, and blue, thanks to a special press acquired from Switzerland by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. Ethel Kessler served as art director for this stamp, which will be issued as a Forever stamp. This Forever stamp will always be equal in value to the current First-Class Mail one-ounce price.


Station 3: Rynek Glowny (main city square) and St. Mary’s church
Next day we visited the centre of old Krakow – Rynek Glowny (main city square). It is the biggest and best preserved city square in medieval Europe – just one side is 200 meters long. On one corner there is St. Mary’s church from which the “hejnal” (trumpet melody played right now by firemen) is played every hour. The melody is being broadcasted all over the Poland at noon, on main government radio station. Another twist is that melody ends abruptly in the middle – and according to legend it is due to fact that in 14th century Tatars invaded east Europe and Krakow, and the arrow was shot by Tatar invader into the guy playing the tune, killing him and the melody in the middle.To give you a taste how it looks like you have some pics below:Old Krakow – 50,51 – Main Square – surrounding buildings
Old Krakow – 52 – Main Square – monument of Adam Mickiewicz, Polish most famous poet, in front of cloth market building
Old Krakow – 53,54 – Main Square – street performer
And next I wish to present (as Don described it so eloquently) the German Gifting Expeditionary Force, and also my dear and good friends, the Ritschl family in front of St. Mary’s church on the corner of Rynek Glowny
Old Krakow – 55 – Main Square – my distinguished guests in front of St. Mary’s church (most important one in Poland)
Old Krakow – 56 – Main Square – St. Mary’s church, towers
Old Krakow – 57 – Main Square – St. Mary’s church, top of ‚hejnal’ tower
Old Krakow – 58 – Main Square – St. Mary’s church, back – sun clock
And main deal – St. Mary’s church inside. The place where Wit Stwosz altar is located. It took the guy 12 years to finish sculptures done from lime-tree.
Old Krakow – 59 – Main Square – Mary’s church inside, famous Wit Stwosz altar
Old Krakow – 60 – Main Square – St. Mary’s church inside, gifting gurus check if bishops seats were gifted properly
Old Krakow – 61 – Main Square – St. Mary’s church inside, ceiling
As you probably noticed NWO placed their henchmen everywhere, all over the world. Here you have a prime example from UE vassal state – Poland (and my only comparison might be to Nazi SS uniforms, all in black, or ninja turtle warriors on vacation leave – meaning without armour).
Old Krakow – 62 – Main Square – NWO police everywhere
One of the good things is that they revived in Krakow is an old art of horse drawn carriages – nice way to travel without generating any pollution, and obviously with class (young guests were especially fond of those )
Old Krakow – 63,64 – Main Square – horse carriages
Next we followed the Florianska street (kind of doing of Royal Road in reverse in this section, which leads from Barbican, to Florianska street, next to Main Market square, followed by Grodzka street, Kanonicza street, to Royal Wawel castle main entrance – see the model of old Krakow for better understanding, from my previous post)
Old Krakow – 65 – Florianska Street (Royal Road) south – view of St. Mary’s church
Old Krakow – 66 – Florianska Street (Royal Road) – Florianska Gate Tower, main city entrance (north)
And here we have the only remaining part of city walls, right and left of Florianska gate tower. There was something like 44 towers like this one, connected by city walls. But problem was that in 19th century city administration (then under Austrian occupation) demolished them all, but this one, and made “Planty” – city park encircling old city and located in place of fortifications. From one point of view it was barbaric move, but from another we have a beautiful green space around old Krakow city.
Another interesting twist to this story is that Jan Matejko, one of the most famous Polish painters from 19th century, managed to persuade city administration not to demolish this one last part of city walls – the argument was pretty simple: “when demolished it would cause winds/updrafts to uplift distinguished city ladies’ skirts, therefore leaving their good reputation tarnished” – Oh boy, those guys back then had a good sense of persuasion !!!
The only proper visualisation of what Matejko presented to city morons is picture of Marilyn Monroe from 1954 film „The Seven Year Itch” (where she posed over the updraft of a New York subway grating at 52nd St. and Lexington Ave in Manhattan)
Marilyn Monroe from 1954 film ‚The Seven Year Itch’
(Don – please do not kill me for this extra info. I promise to gift also this Manhattan place in show of remorse
So we are back into city walls business:
Old Krakow – 67,68 – Florianska Street – remnants of the city walls
Next step was Barbican – round fortification just outside city walls in front of Florianska Gate tower. One thing which I learned from guides inside the structure is that old street level was 6 meters below current pavement (they did it while creating Planty park, and filling the moat which encircled city walls)
Old Krakow – 69 – Barbican – model
Old Krakow – 70 – Barbican – model, detail
And the real stuff:
Old Krakow – 71,72 – Barbican – round fortification just outside city walls in front of Florianska Gate tower, outside
Old Krakow – 73 – Barbican – round fortification just outside city walls in front of Florianska Gate tower, inside
Next step was Szczepanski square, inside of old city limits.
Old Krakow – 74,75 – Szczepanski Square
And on our way towards Wawel castle again, the place where JP2 was always present (in curia, on balcony) while visiting his “home stronghold” during short visits here after being shipped to Vatican. (this place must be double gifted in near future – the nest of rats needs extra orgonite ammo to neutralize their venom).
Old Krakow – 76 – Franciskan’s church in front of Cracow’s curia
And back to Royal Road – this time in the right direction to the castle (as kings would travel back home)
Old Krakow – 77 – Grodzka Street (Royal Road) – St Andrew’s church
Old Krakow – 78 – Grodzka Street (Royal Road) – St Peters & Pauls church
And some favourite stuff of our current princesses (Georg’s daughters to be precise) – horses and carriages.
Old Krakow – 79,80 – Grodzka Street – horses and carriages
We ended up on the east side of Wawel castle, on Planty park, in “Pod Wawelem” restaurant (Under Wawel restaurant) where last TB was places in bushes near the place to safeguard it since it was a nice place (before WW2 former hotel and restaurant for Polish officers to be precise)
Old Krakow – 81 – Planty – ‚Pod Wawelem’ restaurant
And finally it was called a day, well done and completed. Therefore we celebrated with a nice “small” glass of Czech beer – Pilzner Urquell
Old Krakow – 82 – Planty – ‚Pod Wawelem’ restaurant, well earned pitcher of beer.
(to be continued – next station: Wieliczka salt mine)


Examines the upheaval of world war as Americans confronted it—both at home and abroad.
Features the rich collections of the Library of Congress and brings to light remarkable but little-known contributions made by North American women to the art forms of illustration and cartooning. Spanning the late 1800s to the present, the exhibition highlights the gradual broadening in both the private and public spheres, of women’s roles and interests, and demonstrates that women once constrained by social conditions and convention, have gained immense new opportunities for self-expression and discovery.
Showcases the Library’s collections of original art by talented artists hired by newspapers and television to capture the personal dynamics of legal trials. These artists create drawings that provide insight into the drama and impact of events in American law during the past fifty years.
Features baseball sheet music from the Library’s collections that illustrate the congruence between the evolution of the sport from before the Civil War to the present and the musical counterparts that have chronicled in song baseball’s greatest moments.
Abel Buell’s New and Correct Map of the United States of North America is the first map of the newly independent United States compiled, printed, and published in America by an American. This important early American map is known to exist in only seven copies. Philanthropist David M. Rubenstein has generously placed his copy of the map at the Library.
Explores artifacts that represent an array of viewpoints on the interplay of politics and entertainment in American public life.
Celebrates the work of editorial cartoonist Herbert L. Block—better known as "Herblock"—with an ongoing display of ten original drawings, to change every six months, drawn from the Library's extensive Herbert L. Block Collection.
Explore Past Exhibitions
Consists of original materials and oral histories drawn from the Veterans History Project collections at the Library of Congress.
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Ailsa 388 is seen on St Sepulchure Gate, Doncaster, on its way back from the Sandtoft Gathering in July 1996
In the picture, the bus looks to be well advanced with its restoration, almost finished , but it was only painted in cream and brown undercoat. Over the previous 'closed season' (1995-1996), the bus had had some word carried out on the near side lower deck frames, and the centre doors had been reinstated. It was painted in the undercoat shown in the picture, as the year previous, it ran around in pink primer!
Ailsa 388 is owned by 'The 388 GRoup'. It was purchased from Black Prince Coaches, Morley, Leeds, in October 1994. The 388 Group was formed by in 1991, by enthusiasts that were based at the Sheffield Bus Museum, while some of the younger members were studying at Huddersfield University. Group members took the sales stall on a regular basis to vehicle rallies and events to raise funds to purchase 388.
It is often said that the easy part is buying the bus. A vehicle of its type and body combination was of course going to throw up its fair share of issues. It did not disappoint!
More later! Keep visiting!


“Visit – Discover – Be Amazed”. A voyage of discovery into art, culture and history between Hamburg and the island of Sylt.
Dithmarschen has a very interesting and often independent past, as well as a remarkable and culturally rich present. Both can be experienced in the “Dithmarschen Museumscape”, which has been initiated by the district of Dithmarschen as part of the museum marketing campaign.
The “Dithmarschen Museumscape” opens up a new cultural panorama. The broad spectrum of attractive museums is clearly displayed via the joint advertising umbrella. It offers visitors and local people a comprehensive guide that helps in planning activities.
With their slogan “Visit – Discover – Be Amazed”, the Dithmarschen museums as a group are issuing a joint invitation to go on a voyage of discovery into art, culture and history.
The wide variety of tours in the “Dithmarschen Museumscape” represent a colourful kaleidoscope. Depending on their preferences and interests, visitors can follow in the footsteps of seafarers between Brunsbüttel, Meldorf and Büsum, or go to Albersdorf to experience everyday life in the region at the time of the Egyptian pharaohs.
The farmers’ republic of Dithmarschen, also called the “Switzerland of the North”, has been a decisive factor in shaping European and Hanseatic history in the later Middle Ages. Great authors, such as the dramatist Friedrich Hebbel and the local writer Klaus Groth, have also left their mark on the country between the marshes and the sea – and they are certainly worth pursuing.
Nostalgia is conjured up with a walk through everyday life in Dithmarschen in the 19th and 20th centuries. This everyday life has been preserved and presented for posterity in the “Dithmarschen Museumscape”.


The Great Wall of China, the Rome Colosseum, the Egyptian Pyramids – these architectural masterpieces were built with masonry a very long time ago. The history of masonry goes back hundreds and thousands of years. Ancient architects used masonry because of its durability, simplicity and beauty. All these buildings we mentioned have been standing for centuries. Stone brick is known to be the oldest product manufactured by people. Let’s see how masonry has evolved from the time of early humans to today.
Nowadays the complexity of masonry varies from installing a simple wall made of bricks to building a modern high-rise building. It all started with early humans using their first instruments to mold stones and use them to build their shelters. The first signs of masonry found by archaeologists leads back to 9,000 BC. But that’s not the only way early civilizations made use of modeled stones. The first people even shaped them to be sharp enough to use it as a hunting weapon!
We can see how the technology evolved later in the building of the Egyptian Pyramids. Not only were the stones shaped better, but even more advanced construction technologies were applied in the process. Each stone brick of the pyramid weights about two tons. It’s hard to imagine how people were able to build something that massive without modern technologies.
Another complex structure that was created thousands of years ago is the Great Wall of China. Built to protect people from invaders, now its considered one of the world’s greatest treasures. Archeologists say that it took over 2,000 years to build it. The Chinese used the technology where each brick supports another one. Almost 4,000,000,000 bricks were used in the building process. Unfortunately, the Great Wall hasn’t been properly maintained and now almost 80% of the Wall is destroyed.
Industrial brick manufacturing began its rise from the British colonies in North America in the 17th century. The earliest manufactured brick is believed to be found in Virginia. The colonists quickly understood the advantages of brick masonry and started to build their first brick buildings in the colonies. Many of them are still standing across the US.
Today there are hundreds of masonry options. Construction specialists are working with brick, block, tile, terra-cotta, stone, and many other materials to build unique, beautiful, forever-lasting buildings of any kind. The most important thing that we were able to achieve with the development of masonry technologies is that most of today’s buildings are extremely safe. Living in the buildings made of brick is safer than ever now because of the universal safety requirements developed in the last decades. Moreover, there are many different technologies that help restore and repair old masonry. For example, BR Masonry uses advanced repointing technology to restore old buildings that need bricks and mortar to be replaced. After our restoration your property will be as good as new, and last for generations.
The masonry technologies used today make life much simpler. Bricks are manufactured to be able to last almost forever. You can find any type and style you want. We keep our eyes on every new technology that comes out on the market. BR Masonry is always looking for new ways to help our clients. But in the end, we know that no matter what project we are working on, there is no technology that can replace a professional mason.
Call BR Masonry & Restoration Inc. today if you need help with masonry repair or restoration. With years of experience, our experts can complete any project you may have, even if it’s the Great Wall of China! Visit our Contact Us form to get a free quote today!


The left side of Lincoln`s face was much smaller than the right, an aberration called cranial facial microsomia. The defect joins a long list of ailments – including smallpox, heart illness and depression – that modern doctors have diagnosed in Lincoln. Laser scans of two life masks, made from plaster casts of Lincoln`s face, reveal the 16th president`s unusual degree of facial asymmetry. The scanning technique is usually used to create 3-D images of children with cleft lip and palate before and after surgery. Dr. Ronald Fishman, who led the study published in the August issue of the Archives of Ophthalmology teamed up with Dr. Adriana Da Silveira, an Austin, Texas, orthodontist who specializes in children with facial defects, to scan a bronze and a plaster copy of two life masks, owned by the Chicago History Museum.


Contact Harry (Welty not Truman)
President Harry Truman was there to welcome Harry Welty into America in 1950. Truman was a Democrat and famous for giving Republicans Hell. Harry Welty was not named after Truman however, "plain speaking" Harry Truman was a role model. Harry's Grandfather warned Harry never to vote for a Democrat but he also told Harry's mother, Georganne, that he liked his fellow World War Veteran, politics be damned.


Jan 18, 2018 Trade and commerce were essential components of the success and important religious dates as saint's birthdays or death anniversaries. Apr 9, 2013 It was closer to the geographic center of the Empire. outlawed paganism and made Christianity the official religion of the empire in 391 CE. An Abrahamic religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and various which was well-positioned astride the trade routes between east and west; Constantinople became the largest city in the empire and a major commercial center. Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because. (1) the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world. (2) it was a religious center for The Byzantine economy was among the most robust economies in the Mediterranean for many centuries. Constantinople was a prime hub in a trading network that at various times in Constantinople, which was until the late 12th century an important center of the eastern luxury trade, but also in other Religion and law
Religious Items & Celebrations | OrientalTrading.com
A Guide to Faith-Based Investing - Investopedia Jun 25, 2019 · A Guide to Faith Based Investing; just about every major religious denomination has an opinion about how to deploy cash in support of favored causes and against those that contradict their Trade - Wikipedia Trade originated with human communication in prehistoric times. Trading was the main facility of prehistoric people,  who bartered goods and services from each other before the innovation of modern-day currency. Peter Watson dates the history of long-distance commerce from circa 150,000 years ago. Mecca - Wikipedia
Jul 25, 2018 Perched on the edge of the Sahara, this West African city was a center of religion and scholarship for centuries.
SVD CATHOLIC TRADE MANILA
If you traveled to the Spanish city of Cordoba in the 10th ...
why was constantinople an important trading center ... Dec 02, 2010 · By land, the city is a natural crossroad linking the Middle East and central Asia to southeastern Europe by only a short ferry trip. By its location, Constantinople is the natural center of trade between north Africa, southern Europe, the Middle East and central Asia. History & Culture - Chaco Culture National Historical Park ...
Mecca's prominence as a trading center also surpassed the cities of Petra and Palmyra. The Sassanids however did not always pose a threat to Mecca, as in 575 CE they protected Mecca city from invasion by the Kingdom of Axum, led by its Christian leader Abraha.
Discovering the truth about Santa Claus. Shop Gazetteer Gallery About Us. Search St. Nicholas Center
Kansas coronavirus cases at 900, governor limits religious ... Apr 07, 2020 · TOPEKA, Kan. (KSNW) – Kansas Governor Laura Kelly issued an executive order to limit religious gatherings and funerals at a briefing Tuesday afternoon. Gov. Kelly said 25% of coronavirus why was constantinople an important trading center ... Dec 02, 2010 · By land, the city is a natural crossroad linking the Middle East and central Asia to southeastern Europe by only a short ferry trip. By its location, Constantinople is the natural center of trade between north Africa, southern Europe, the Middle East and central Asia. History & Culture - Chaco Culture National Historical Park ... The Center of Chacoan Culture. For all the wild beauty of Chaco Canyon's high-desert landscape, its long winters, short growing seasons, and marginal rainfall create an unlikely place for a major center of ancestral Puebloan culture to take root and flourish. Yet this valley was the center of a thriving culture a thousand years ago.


(all Photos: Katharina Böcker)
"The revolution does not need historians", as Lenin said. The symposium on World-Counter-Revolutions, however, has certainly proven that a revolution indeed needs historians to be thoroughly analyzed. The event, which was excellently organized by coordinator Anorthe Kremers (Volkswagen Foundation) and her team, was held reflecting a truly global perspective with scholars and young scholars from Asia, both the Americas and Europe. In a total of seven panels, the conference focused on a range of topics examining revolutions and counter-revolutions. A number of questions were raised, among them: Why was the year 1917 so vital as a starting point of revolutionary movements? How can the subsequent upheavals be placed in a global context? For which reasons did the war-period become so influential for the next century to come?
In his welcome address, the Secretary General of the Volkswagen Foundation, WILHELM KRULL, stressed the importance of the international appeal of the conference. In their following introduction, MICHAEL WILDT (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) argued that revolutions were always measured by whether they have managed to sustain the power they have achieved, and STEFAN RINKE (Freie Universität Berlin) remarked that the First World War caused anti-semitism, anti-colonialism, and anti-imperialism in its aftermath.
JÖRN LEONHARD's (Universität Freiburg) keynote lecture on 1917-1920 and the Global Revolution of Rising Expectations served as an inspiration for the following debates. He asserted that the war was a victory of both democracy and the national paradigm. Leonhard further emphasized 1918 as the end of a merely European world history since the advancing imperial overstretch led to a new wave of nation building, which was accompanied by political and cultural emancipation in various parts of the world. An essential aspect of his research, as he mentioned, are 'glocalities', i.e. localities which are influenced by a global consciousness. Moreover, he stressed the argument that 1917 was the watershed during which boundaries between soldiers, people and states eroded. Subsequently, the Peace Conferences saw an emerging of new semantics: "loyalty", "belonging" or "nationality" were questioned.
The first panel on The Russian Revolution in Europe and Beyond clearly saw these events as a profound caesura and the inception of the twentieth century after the "long nineteenth century". DIETRICH BEYRAU (Universität Tübingen) found it pivotal to make a clear terminological distinction between communists and Bolsheviks on the one hand and revolution and counter-revolution on the other hand. Also, he raised the question of violence and guilt in the war. Referring to Lenin, Beyrau recorded the paradox of the victory: through the force of violence the rulers succeeded in building up communism with the help of people who were no communists. He was followed by MICHAEL JABARA CARLEY (Université de Montréal), who presented Fontaine's understanding of the Cold War already beginning in 1917 rather than 1945. In his subsequent comment, JAN CLAAS BEHRENDS (Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam e.V.) stated that Bolshevik Russia was the first major dictatorship in the twentieth century.
In the following session, nine PhD students were given the chance to present their highly promising research, which often had a background of personal motivation. The projects covered a range of microhistoric perspectives on events in Africa, Latin America and Europe. Frequently they employed glocality, as had been advised by Leonhard. The audience took a keen interest in their research during the poster session.
Building on previous results, the second panel on Anti-Colonial and Anti-Imperial Movements was predominantly focused on the disparate counter-revolutions in Asia. ABDULHAMIT KIRMIZI (Istanbul Sehir University) stressed the Ottomans and other Muslims welcoming Bolshevism as an ally against the Western powers. The region was in a state of transit at that time leading from Ottomanism to Pan-Islamism and finally to Turkism. Kirmizi however doubted that Kemal, whose anti-imperial rhetoric clearly leaned toward Russia, had more than a pragmatic interest in Bolshevism. JIE-HYUN LIM (Sogang University, Seoul), in turn, elaborated on the situation in Japan and Korea. The Japanese were planning on further expanding their empire and using the Bolshevik Revolution for their means. However, it is of crucial importance that Lim saw "imperialism as the pioneer of capitalism" and "capitalism as the bridge to socialism". Colonial Korea, on the other hand, took fascist Italy as its development model. In his subsequent comment, HANNES GRANDITS (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) went on to present the assets of both the context-driven approach (Kirmizi) and the ideology-driven approach (Lim) respectively. He agreed with previous speakers that "Bolshevism" always requires a precise definition as it may imply apparently contrasting ideas.
The Role of Violence was the point of departure for the third panel. The speakers particularly stressed the Russian role and the emerging of a new form of violence, which was proliferated by new weapons. The Japanese intervention in Siberia was the core of TOMIO IZAO's (Yamaguchi Prefectural University) paper. It was the first ever defeat in a war for imperial Japan and should thus be seen as a watershed in modern Japanese history. However, this event with all its brutality was in fact completely excluded from the collective memory in Japan. The second speaker, ROBERT GERWARTH (University College Dublin), shed light on the use of anti-Bolshevik violence in Europe. He referred to Rosenberg's view of Lenin as "the Russian storefront of a Jewish business", which further fueled propaganda against Jewish revolutionaries in Europe. In consequence, it is not surprising that, after years as the scapegoat of an entire continent, Jews and communists were the first victims of the Third Reich regime. JAN SCHMIDT (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) described in his comment that, after participating at the Paris Peace Conference, Japan felt betrayed by the Anglo-American dominance. He drew parallels between East Asia and Gerwarth's depiction of "shatter zones" of fallen empires in Europe, both of which led to a new logic of violence.
The fourth panel on Nationalist Movements and Transnational Connections covered contrasting regions facing similar problems. MARÍA INÉS TATO (Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET) elaborated on nation building in Argentina and the crises of the European model. As in many other countries national identity was newly reflected upon. GUOQI XU (University of Hong Kong) on his part stressed that China was influenced by this revolutionary era like hardly another country. In a period of political chaos and disintegration China had struggled to become a nation state. The war can therefore be seen as both a cause of enormous unrest and a major contribution to internationalization. Chair and commentator STEFAN RINKE drew parallels between the two countries, which redefined the European concept of the nation for their own purpose.
Visions of Order and their discrepancies were discussed in the following panel. KLAUS WEINHAUER (Universität Bielefeld) dealt with the influences of the war on the mobilization of societies. To illustrate this, he proceeded to a global comparison of Hamburg, Chicago and Buenos Aires. He explained that the fear of foreign intruders and the desire to reclaim urban spaces were most often expressed by violence. ADAM TOOZE (Columbia University), on the other hand, with his macroeconomic approach chose a very different perspective. He observed that the German hyper-inflation, for instance, already occurred from 1914 to 1921 and described monetary destabilization as the "root cause" of disorder. Monetary and fiscal austerity are thus the quintessential instruments of a liberal strategy of counter-revolution. ANTHONY McELLIGOTT (University of Limerick), in his comment, praised both the micro (Weinhauer) and macro perspective (Tooze) on the topic. As he mentioned, they shared common key points such as empowerment, disempowerment and shifts of power. McElligott then turned to Preuß's concept of the people's state as well as Schmidt's understanding of dictatorship, the latter of which can also be seen as a counter-revolution, namely of the post-war settlement.
Another panel discussed Perils of Democracy, with Catholicism and revolution at its centre. PATRICK J. HOULIHAN (University of Oxford) voiced that the Catholic church was on a counter-revolutionary "Crusade against communism". This development was most evident during the Spanish Civil War and the Holocaust. ENRIC UCELAY-DA CAL (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona) then enlightened the Spanish situation, elaborating on the reasons behind the civil war and a decade-long autocracy. He contrasted it with other European models, namely the Soviet Union, the Republic of Turkey, and fascist Italy, all of which had changed quite significantly between 1914 and 1924. In his comment, HELMUT BLEY (Leibniz Universität Hanover) remarked that both of the conflicts mentioned above in fact already have their roots in the nineteenth century.
The last panel on Cultural Manifestations of Revolution had a substantially different approach as it focused on art and culture. RICARDO PÉREZ MONTFORT (Centro de Investigación y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Mexico) started by addressing the change of popular culture in Mexico, Russia and the US, all of which have significantly changed in the post-war era. DAVID HOPKINS's (University of Glasgow) paper positioned Dadaism, "with its distrust of borders (both geographic and conceptual)", as a counterpart of Bolshevism, with Dada discovering the visible aesthetics of revolution. PETER GEIMER's (Freie Universität Berlin) commentary again emphasized how difficult the distinction between revolution (Hopkins) and counter-revolution (Pérez Montfort) can be and further reminded that one could easily become the other and vice-versa.
To sum up, the symposium showed that the late stages of the First World War are to a large extent responsible for how the world is shaped today. This particular period of time has caused global developments and has laid the foundation for atrocities such as the Holocaust in the Second World War. The use of glocalities helped working out that revolutionary ideas did not stop at borders. Fear of violence and economical consequences also had their share in shaping a world which, even a century later, is still marked by these events.
Text: Sascha Malinowski, Leibniz Universität Hannover
Photos: Katharina Böcker, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin


City Trust Apartments: a transformed historic office building, now downtown Bridgeport’s iconic residential apartment tower.
Located next to the beautiful McLevy Green, City Trust is the best rental apartment value in Fairfield County. Live at the center of everything Bridgeport… the Metro north train station, Bridgeport University, Webster Bank Arena, Harbor Yard and downtown restaurants and shops. Explore our Bridgeport apartments for rent above.
Experience all that City Trust Apartments has to offer
Experience all that Golden Hill Apartments has to offer
The Arcade Mall is a stunning historic restoration of one of the nation’s first enclosed shopping malls. The breath-taking atrium has a dramatic Victorian stepped-glass roof. The property was built in 1840 and underwent several interior and exterior renovations during the 1920’s, 1950’s, and 1980’s. It holds historic significance locally and nationally as one of the few remaining arcades from its time period. The structure was revitalized in 2008 to include retail and office space with apartments above.


"During Desert Storm, Capt Tim Egan served as a Casualty Affairs Officer under my command. Capt Egan ensured that his Team was ready and squared away when the ground campaign began. As a Marine Corps Officer Capt. Egan was a professional, dependable and goal oriented team member. He could always be depended on to accomplish any task.


Delhi offers the charm of an ancient city as well as the beauty and modern vibes. There is no dearth of places for photography in Delhi. A good photographer can make any place photo-worthy. But don’t underestimate the power of a great location which Delhi offers abound.
So let’s take you on a ride of all the great locations of Delhi that will make your photos just incredible looking.
This is the site of old Delhi i.e. the Delhi of Tomara dynasty. So it has many very old locations in the vicinity like Lal Kot, Qutub Complex, etc.
Indraprastha Old Fort
Widely recognized as the site of Pandava’s fort. This is a great location for any photo shoot.
It is the symbol of Delhi in the modern times.
The old temple complex which includes Iron Pillar and Qutab minar and the Quwat-ul-Islam mosque is the site of very old places.
The Fort built by Mugals
Lal Kot (old Red Fort)
The original Red Fort of Delhi that changed hands.
The part of New Delhi that was built by the British during the expansion plans of old Delhi city.
Aravali Biodiversity Park
Part of reserved Aravali forest.
This university has part of Aravali forest inside the campus and looks simply amazing.


Although a building has been on the site of 11 West Street since the Middle Ages, the present Georgian building was built in the middle of the 18th century, originally as a gentleman’s town house, together with a brick built stable to the rear of the property, which is now the rear showroom. The house was partially converted to shop premises in approximately 1860, when the left bay of the front elevation was converted to a shop window, incorporating curved glass - typical of Victorian shop fronts. The shop was originally used by a draper and clothier until 1888 when a C. Bolland took residence and traded as a greengrocer and confectioner.
In 1905 a George William Smith commenced trading as a harness maker and saddler until his demise in 1938, when his daughters – the Misses Annie & Edith Smith - commenced trading as milliners and drapers until their demise in 1955. The shop was then sold in 1956 and has traded as an antique shop through various ownerships from that date. The premises have many interesting features and the building lends itself naturally to being a centre for antiques.
Our adjoining premises – 9 & 10 West Street have a somewhat longer history, being built as two cottages in the 16th century. They remained as such until the late 18th century when the cottages were converted into an inn called The Rose & Crown and were used as such until the end of this century. There is reference in local history records to the inn being used as a lodging house in mid-Victorian times. A Census of 1856 indicates some 25 lodgers in residence. The buildings contain a wealth of 15th century oak beams, some of which were most probably ships’ timbers salvaged from sailing ships at that time.
Apart from the alterations to the front elevation windows, the structure of the building remains effectively unchanged. There is access to attic rooms (now unused), which were used to accommodate lodgers, but with very restricted space. Prior to this the building was used as a coaching inn, as there is evidence of cut away brickwork to allow access to the rear stables. The building was first used for the selling of antiques in 1917 and apart from a period when it was occupied by Dorking Lighthouse, continues to sell antiques.
Top image photograph, West Street in Winter photograph. Supplied by courtesy of John Miller www.johnmillerphotography.com


Dr. Martin Luther King stood for equality and justice until his death 44 years ago today.
The Levitt 2012 campaign announced Dr. Levitt's 2012 Senate candidacy at an event in Sebastopol on the MLK holiday in January.
In these two video excerpts, Dr. Levitt speaks about Dr. King's legacy, equality, and justice in their generation.
MLK's Fair Housing Triumph in California
The Fair Housing Act of 1968 disrupted housing discrimination in California and throughout the United States, but its legacy continues today in the restrictive clauses still signed by new homeowners. You may be surprised to hear what's in them.
Protecting the Troops and the American Dream of Justice
In Dr. King's era, Americans openly aspired to justice and due process for the accused and even for the guilty. Dr. Levitt talks about the responsibility to protect the troops and contrasts the War on Terror with the American values Dr King's generation grew up with. We won't let today's generation of politicians steal that legacy from us, or our children, today.


The “Deaf President Now” Movement
When they hear “civil rights advocacy,” most people think of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and his peaceful protests for African American equality. However, the civil rights struggle extends to all marginalized groups, including disabled people’s communities. The Deaf community has a long history of advocacy work, such as its late-1980s activities referred to as the “Deaf President Now” movement. Throughout such efforts, interpreters for the Deaf have played a vital role.
Organizations and individuals in and around Washington, DC, can turn to HIS Sign Interpreting for affordable rates on qualified and experienced interpreting services. We offer onsite and virtual ASL interpreting, TypeWell, and CART services to schools, government agencies, commercial businesses, and more. Additionally, we work with nationwide movements to empower the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (HoH) communities. To request an interpreter, visit our website or call (877) 458-7408 today.
Below, we discuss the “Deaf President Now” movement and its lasting impact on the disability rights movement:
The History Behind Gallaudet
Gallaudet University is the world’s only university with all programs and services designed specifically for Deaf and Hard of Hearing communities. Yet from its inception in 1864 until 1988, the University’s presidents were all Hearing individuals. This situation called for rectification to fulfill a need for representation of marginalized communities and stimulate their growth and feelings of solidarity.
In 1988, a new University president was to be selected. Gallaudet’s board of trustees nominated three people for the role: I. King Jordan, Harvey Corson, and Elisabeth Zinser. Significantly, Zinser was the only Hearing candidate; also, she lacked proficiency in sign language and knowledge about Deaf culture. Regardless, the board appointed Zinser to the presidency on March 6 of that year.
The “Deaf President Now” Movement
After their initial confusion and opposition, Gallaudet students reacted to Zinser’s appointment by marching to the Mayflower Hotel in DC—where the University board was holding a press conference—and then the United States Capitol. They brought a list of demands to both places:
- No reprisals
- The resignation of Zinser
- The resignation of Jane Bassett Spilman, the Hearing chair of the Board of Trustees
- The creation of a new board of trustees with a majority Deaf population
- The appointment of a Deaf president
They campaigned on this platform with weeks of rallies, marches, speeches, and media coverage. At last, the board capitulated to their demands, appointing I. King Jordan as the new president of Gallaudet University and leader of the disability rights movement. These events culminated in the passing of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
The Impact Today
This series of events became what is now known as the “Deaf President Now” movement. Today, it testifies to the Deaf community’s power to enact change and establish its rights. Moreover, the movement mobilized activists to fight the stigma against the Deaf community.
The campaign to appoint the first Deaf president in higher education was not just about university leadership but also about claiming a spot at the table for Deaf people. It was a conquest over ignorance and prejudice. The “Deaf President Now” movement isn’t just a disability rights movement—it’s an American Civil Rights story that should be shared and remembered.
Discover Affordable Interpreters for the Deaf in Washington, DC
Through HIS Sign, residents in and around Washington, DC, can benefit from our wide range of interpreters for the Deaf and CART services. We see the “Deaf President Now” movement as a stellar example of a marginalized community taking control of its story and effecting change. Moreover, we work with the disability rights movement to continue building bridges for the Deaf community. To learn more about our ASL services, contact us at (877) 458-7408.


Might be claimed in support of battle, it could be that it speeds up the advancement of innovation. Naturally a lot of that modern technology is utilized in damaging as well as eliminating folks facilities, however there are likewise points which could be thought about helpful.
Lots of various other sytems were created or started because 6 year duration. Expertise of electronic devices, as well as exactly what maybe utilized for significantly boosted. In parallel with the advancement of radar, various other areas of electronic devices were additionally progressing, under pressure from the need to boost the modern technology.
The 2nd war of the nations, from 1939 in Europe, and also a few years later on entailing the U.S.A, finished in 1945. Radar (Radio Help To Detection And also Ranging) was established from very early experiments, merely prior to the war, in Britain as well as Germany. There was quick advancement in the field, as well as, by the end of the battle, Radar was being made use of in numerous industries.
Airborne Interception (AI) – Established to completion of the battle, utilized a Tranceiver (transmitter/receiver) in an evening competitor to discover a target at night, or bad weather condition, as well as track it to within shooting variety.
The past history of the computer system unavoidably consists of the advancement of electronic devices, we consider the dynamite (!) jasa install ulang komputer jakarta development of electronic devices in the very early 1940s and also late 1930s.
Interception – a collection of ground terminals around the South-East shore of England, feeding right into a main command area, where their tracks could be shown, substantially aided in the Fight of Britain (1940).
Electronic devices was about in the very early part of the 20th Century, cordless, or radio, was in its early stage at the time of the very first war of the nations. Radio broadcasting entered into notability in the ’20s as well as 30’s, Tv began in the ’30’s.
Understanding of electronic devices, as well as just what it might be made use of for greatly enhanced. In parallel with the advancement of radar, various other areas of electronic devices were additionally progressing, under stress from the need to boost the modern technology.
Delivering – radar furnished vessels can track various other vessels in darkness or fog, whether in harmony or boldy.
Targeting – A light beam was sent from a Radar terminal in England to ensure that it obstructed a target in Germany. A plane might fly along the light beam, directed by dashboards, signals or dots, if it strayed off the light beam, left or. Referred to as flying on the beam.
Sign – A tranceiver lay at the end of a runway to make sure that ground team can assist a returning airplane to land in bad weather condition, this ended up being an increasing number of advanced, becoming GCA or Ground Regulated Technique.
Radar (Radio Help To Detection And also Ranging) was created from very early experiments, merely prior to the battle, in Britain as well as Germany. There was swift advancement in the industry, as well as, by the end of the battle, Radar was being made use of in a number of areas.
Airplane Gps – Utilizing ground transmitters in collections of 3, extensively spaced, to provide an airplane utilizing a receiver a technique of determining its position. This is a comparable system to that utilized in general practitioners today, replacing satellites for the ground terminals.


PUPILS WHO HAVE WON IRISH INTERNATIONAL HOCKEY CAPS
Margaret Brown, Ballymena Academy 1946 – 1952
v After many honours and as Captain of Mid-Antrim Hockey Club, Margaret was chosen to play for Ireland against England and Scotland in 1957-58, thus becoming the first old girl of the school to represent her country at hockey.
v Further Internationals followed.
Margaret Gleghorne, Ballymena Academy 1967 – 1974
v By the time she left school in 1974, Margaret had represented Ulster Schools’ Team for five years in succession. She had seven Senior Inter Provincials, the first one gained against Leinster in 1970 when she was fifteen, and seven International Caps from the age of sixteen. She was the youngest player to be chosen for an Irish Senior side since Thelma Hopkins when picked against Scotland.
v In 1972-73, she was on the 1st XI which was joint winner of the Senior Schools’ Cup – the first time BallymenaAcademy has its name inscribed on the Cup.
v In1973, she was selected for the Irish side against England at Wembleyand with a beautiful reverse stick shot scored the winning goal whichgave Ireland a first every victory against their opponents.
v A further distinction came Margaret’s way when she was voted, “Player of the Year” by readers of “Hockey Field” magazine.
v Afterschool, Margaret continued to accumulate further honours and by 1981,she had brought her current tally of International Caps to 36.
v In 1979, she was a member of the Irish Squad for the World Cup Championship in Vancouver.
v Further Caps ensued and she became Captain of various Irish sides, including the one which won the Inter Continental Cup in Kuala Lumpur.
v In1984, Margaret was named as “British Player of the Year” by the HockeyWriters Club, the first Irish player to receive the Honour.
Janet Manson, Ballymena Academy 1971 – 1979
Janet is seen here winning the Intermediate 200m on Sports Day, 19th May, 1976
v After many Ulsterand Irish Honours, Janet joined the small and select group ofex-Academy girls who have gained International Honours when she waschosen to play against England in 1980-81.
v She captained the Ireland Under-23 XI in the Home Countries Tournament in Edinburgh, 1981-82.
v In 1982-83, she again captained the Irish Under-23 XI and was a member of the pre-season tour by an Irish Squad in Holland.
Kirsty Bonar, Ballymena Academy 1983 – 1990
v Whilst still at school, Kirsty played on the 1st XI which won the Ulster Schools’ Cup in 1988-89.
v She was Vice-Captain of the 1st XI which won the Ulster Schools’ Cup and the Kate Russell All Ireland Trophy in 1989-90.
v She took part in the European Youth Hockey Championship at The Hague in 1990-91.
v She represented Ulster at Senior Schools’ Level.
v After school, she had various representative Honours, including Ulster Under-21, Irish Under-21 and Ulster Senior. She gained her Irish Cap in 1993-94 when she played for the Irish Women’s Hockey Team which won the Ulster Milk Games.
Karen Humphreys, Ballymena Academy 1984 – 1991
v Whilst still at school, Karen played on the 1st XI which won the Ulster Schools’ Cup in1988-89.
v She also played on the 1st XI which won the Ulster Schools’ Cup and the Kate Russell All Ireland Trophy in 1989-90.
v She was Captain of the 1st XI which won the Ulster Schools’ Cup in 1990-91.
v She gained various representative Honours whilst still at school including Ulster U16 and Ireland U16.
v MoreHounours accumulated after school, including Ulster U21, Irish U21,Captain of Ulster U21 which won the Inter Provincial Series, SeniorUlster XI which took the Inter Provincial title, Captain of Irish U21and member of World Cup Training Squad.
v In 1993-94, Karen won her first Senior Irish Cap against Italy.
v She continued to collect representative honours at both Ulster and Irish level and by 1998-99 she had gained her 50th Irish Cap, playing in both the European Nations Cup and the Four Nations Tournament.
v After being a member of the Ireland Squad competing in the 9th World Cup Competition in 2002-03, Karen announced her retirement from International Hockey after winning 100 Caps.
Shauna Parkhill, Ballymena Academy 1989 – 1996
v Whilst still at school, Shauna played on the 1st XI which won the Ulster Schools’ Cup in 1993-94.
v She represented Ulster and Ireland at U18, was Captain of the School 1st XI in 1995-96 and played for Ulster and Ireland U21.
v She took part in Ulster Senior and U21 Inter Provincials and was in the Irish U21 team in the European Championships. She won her first International Cap in Pre-Olympic and Olympic qualifying tournaments in Spain, USA and Milton Keynes in 1999-2000.
v She was on the Irish Women’s Hockey Team which played in the Centenary Tournament in Edinburgh in 2000-01.
v In 2003-04, she was Captain of the Ulster Senior Inter Provincial Team.
Katherine Maybin, Ballymena Academy 1991 – 1998
v Whilst at school, Katherine represented Ulster and IrishSchools’, Ulster U16, Ireland U16, Ulster U18, Irish U18 and Ulster U21.
v In 1997-98, she was Captain of the School 1st XI.
v Afterschool, more Honours came her way, including Ulster U21 in InterProvincials, Irish U21 for European Games and Ulster Senior InterProvincials.
v In2000-01, she was a member of the Irish XI in the Celtic Cup whilst in2002-03 she was on the World Cup and European Nations Cup Squads.
v In2003-04, she was in the Irish Hockey Squad which played in the OlympicQualifying Tournament whilst in 2004-05 Katherine was on the IrishHockey XI in the Celtic Cup.
|Thisphotograph from 2001 shows Katherine with Margaret Brown. It was takenin New Zeland when Katherine was on tour with the Ireland squad.|
Pamela Orr, Ballymena Academy 1991 – 1998
v Whilst still at school, Pamela represented Ulster U16, Ireland U16, Ulster U18 and Ireland U18.
v After school, she gained Ulster U21 Inter Provincial Honours between 1995 and 2001.
v Pamela collected her first International Cap when she went to the USA in January 2004 with the Ireland Squad.
v In 2004-05, she represented Ulster in the Senior Inter Provincials.
Clare Parkhill, Ballymena Academy 1992 – 1999
v Whilst still at school, Clare represented Ulster U16, Ulster U18 and Ulster U21.
v In 1998-99, she was captain of the School 1st XI.
v After school, she played in Ulster U21 Inter Provincials and Ulster Senior Inter Provincials.
v In 2004-05, she attended the Irish Squad Training Camp and her first Cap was against Korea in 2005.
v By 19th July, 2007 Clare had accumulated 40 Caps.
Many thanks to Mr. W. Cameron for undertaking the hours of painstaking research that enabled the production of this list.
Text compiled by Mrs. Starrs
No doubt, in spite of our efforts, there may be other old pupils who have attained Irish International status. Theschool would welcome details of such information for inclusion in thesenotes and any other information that might add further detail to theabove list.


[Best_Wordpress_Gallery id="5" gal_title="Blythswood"]
Blythswood is an isolated area of perhaps fifteen hectares, to the west of Renfrew town centre. It is bounded to the south by a scrapyard and the river Clyde, to the West by Renfrew golf course, to the south by a bonded whisky warehouse and to the east by a disused railway embankment and a housing estate.
Originally it was part of the Blythswood House estate: farm, kitchen garden and kennels. The house was demolished in 1935 and by the middle of the last century some of the area had become allotments. Long fallen into magnificent disuse, there still are (if you look) a good number of fruit trees and bushes.


1. Pope Pius IX and Cardinal Newman
whether it be
religious, philosophical, or economic,
the greatest error of the nineteenth century.
2. Modern liberalism
is the logical sequence
of the so-called age of Enlightenment-
the age of Voltaire, Rousseau, Thomas Paine-
sometimes called the Age of Reason
in opposition to the Age of Faith.
3. By sponsoring nationalism and capitalism
have given up the search for truth
and have become paid propagandists.
4. Modern liberals have ceased to appeal to reason,
and have chosen to appeal to prejudice.
5. So the Age of Reason
has become the age of Treason,
as Julien Benda points out
in his book entitled:
"The treason of the Intellectuals".


This project is a visual journey along with the alterations of the landscape that mark the passage of the ancient Greek Eleusis into the present-day Greek city of Eleusina; I have examined the interaction of the different historical layers of the area whilst displaying the opposition between recent urban-industrial developments and the mythology of the landscape.
Although Eleusis’s historical heart is now one of the most important archaeological sites in Greece, the bay that has been connecting Eleusian inhabitants with other Mediterranean cultures since antiquity got clogged by the seemingly unregulated expansion of factories and related port logistics. Taken by the clutches of the large-scale industries and fast urbanization, the present-day city of Elefsina is dealing with extreme environmental issues.
As Greek myth tells us, Demeter once visited Eleusis when she rested next to the Plutoneon cave during her search for her daughter Persephone. Laid out over the hill, it became an important site for the Ancient Greeks to honor Demeter‘s existence in the Eleusian Mysteries – secret initiation ceremonies into the miracles of life, death, and the afterlife.
Where fragrances of orange trees and wild thyme mix with the fumes spread by the oil refinery, one can find ancient stones and roman bricks re-used and combined with concrete to build the industrial era wall – a unique shade of metamorphism. A more critical course of the transition, turning the old Eleusis into the modern Elefsina, occurs via the cement made from rocks belonging to the ancient, sacred hill to continuously develop and rebuild the modern city. Challenging the myth of Demeter and her blessings of land and harvest, the unrestrained power of the factory Titan has significantly affected the western side of the sacred hill within only half a century of local cement production.
Capturing the apparent imprint left by Titan‘s activities on Eleusis’ hill and the voids caused by industrial excavation, WASTING MYTHOLOGY: case study Eleusis aims to research Elefsina’s ‘Genius Loci’ and expose a modern story of metamorphosis. By showing my findings, I want to debate how the Mediterranean landscape and its heritage can be preserved as a primary human value.


About The School
Hawkins Elementary School
Hawkins Elementary was opened in 1968. The school served grades 1-8 and the first principal was Mr. Bill Snodgrass. Mr. Snodgrass served as the school’s principal until 1980 when he was elected Superintendent of the Hawkins County School System. Mr. Snodgrass was replaced by Douglas (Mac) Smith who had been a teacher at the school since 1975.
The grade level format of the school has changed numerous times through the years. Kindergarten was added during the 1970’s and the 8th grade was moved to the high school also in the 1970’s. When Cherokee High School opened in 1980, Hawkins Elementary became a K-4 school which it remained for the next twenty years.
Increases in enrollment and state mandated class size reductions made the original building too small. Numerous mobile units were brought in to handle the increasing number of students. At one time, there were as many mobile classrooms outside of the original building as there were inside and the student population exceeded 700! Due to the large increase in the student population, an assistant principal’s position was added to the school in the early 1990’s. This position was filled by Ms. Mildred Welch who had served as a teacher at the school since 1970.
It was obvious that Hawkins Elementary had become overcrowded so a new primary school, Joseph Rogers, was built a few miles away. The new school took in grades K-2 and Hawkins Elementary was left with grades 3 and 4. The 5th grade, previously housed at Rogersville Middle School came back to Hawkins Elementary and the school assumed its current grades 3-5 configuration.
Mildred Welch assumed the principal’s position at Hawkins Elementary the year the change in configuration took place. With a smaller number of students, the assistant principal’s position was eliminated. In 2001, an addition was completed at Hawkins Elementary that allowed for the removal of all of the mobile classrooms behind the school. Ms. Welch retired in 2004 and was replaced by Mr. Barry Bellamy, the current principal. Mr. Bellamy had previously served as the principal at Surgoinsville Elementary. The student population at Hawkins Elementary has been fairly stable over the past ten years – averaging around 370 students.