Stimulated by the scope of the archaeological investigations on the church of San Dalmazzo, the parish and diocese of Cuneo are promoting a new study of literary sources on San Dalmazzo.
They range from a probable homily of the sixth century, for the dedication of the small basilica, to a memory of St. Dalmazzo, to the pilgrimage story of the ninth-eleventh century, the so-called “Additio Moccensis” from panegyrics of the life and passion of San Dalmazzo to collections of his miracles written between the 10th and 15th centuries, from the Lyonnais martyrologists of the 9th century to the 10th century missal of Varmondo d’Ivrea, up to the florilegiums of saints from the 14th century onwards.
AAVV. – 1968. – Religious history of the Cuneo valleys. – The Diocese of Cuneo, Bertello Graphic Institute.
AAVV – 1990. – S. Dalmazzo di Pedona – Its dependencies and ancient places of worship – Technical Editions – Borgo S.Dalmazzo
AA.VV. – 1991. – Urban themes on Borgo San Dalmazzo XVI-XX century – Publisher Technical File.
GAZZOLA GM. – F. OAK – 2000. – San Dalmazzo di Pedona. Historical and artistic itinerary – AGAMI Editions *** For sale ***
MICHELETTO E. – 1999 – The church of San Dalmazzo in Pedona. Archeology and restoration – AGAMI Editions. *** For sale ***
FISH MP – 1993 – Historical iconographic research on S. Dalmazzo di Pedona – Publisher Technical File.
RIBERI AM -1929 – S. Dalmazzo di Pedona and its abbey (Borgo San Dalmazzo) – BSSSCX, Modern Typography.
RIBERI AM – 1935 – San Dalmazzo martyr and companions, Popular history of life, worship and the abbey of the same name in Pedona (Borgo San Dalmazzo) – Bertello Graphic Institute.
RISTORTO M. – 1970 – Civitas Pedona. Historical notes of Borgo San Dalmazzo – Bertello Graphic Institute.
TOSCO C. – 1996 – San Dalmazzo di Pedona – SSSAA, La Ghisleriana.
MICHELETTO E. – 2005 – San Dalmazzo di Pedona – The Abbey Museum – Superintendency of Archaeological Heritage of Piedmont – Parish of San Dalmazzo *** For sale ***


is known as the "Jewel" of the Argolida.
A treasure that played
a major part in Modern and Ancient Greek history is still today one
of the most popular holiday resorts in Greece.
Tourists and Greeks
alike descend onto Nafplion during the summer and winter months to
reap the rewards that it has to offer.
hidden alleys, cozy cafe-bars and romantic restaurants add to the
many delights of this famous town.
Take a walk along the
harbor front and rest at one of the many cafeterias whilst soaking
in the atmosphere.
Lunch at one of the
local Tavernas or Dinner at one of the Restaurants followed by a
stroll through the streets souvenir shopping.
Nafplion is dominated
over by the Venetian Palamidi Fortress and in the wonderful
Constitution Sq you will find the newly renovated Archaeological


S Anantharamakrishnan - Founder Chairman
Sivasailam Anantharamakrishnan (1905 – 18 April 1964), affectionately called "J" was an Indian industrialist and business tycoon who founded and led the Amalgamations group of industries from 1945 to 1964.
Anantharamakrishnan was born in Tirunelveli in 1905 and had his education in Tirunelveli and Madras. In 1935, he joined the Simpsons group of companies as a secretary and in 1938, became the first Indian director in the management of Simpsons group. He served as the Chairman of the group from 1953 till his death in 1964.
Anantharamakrishnan is remembered for his successful business practices, efficient management of the labour unions and for triggering the growth of the automobile industry of Chennai which has earned the city the epithet "Detroit of India". As a result he himself came to be remembered as the "Henry Ford of South India."


The following information about Hardin County was taken from Hardin County Courthouse Centennial: 1892 - 1992.
|Early History of Hardin County|
|Eldora vs. Point Pleasant|
|Eldora vs. Iowa Falls|
|Hardin County Had First Female Sheriff|
|The Civil War Monument|
|The Present Hardin County Courthouse|
Hardin County was established by act of the Iowa General Assembly on January 15, 1851. It was named in memory of Colonel John J. Hardin, an Illinois legislator, who commanded the First Regiment of Illinois Volunteers in the Mexican-American War. Col. Hardin died February 23, 1847, in the Battle of Buena Vista. Hardin County was attached to Marshall County for court purposes. It was divided into townships, Latham in the south, and Morgan in the north, for election precincts.
In July of 1853, a judicially appointed commission selected the site of the county seat. The site was centrally located between the existing settlements along the Iowa River. The town was named Eldora, by Lois Beal Edgington, after a daughter who died at birth months earlier.
Records are sketchy, but it appears that two buildings served as the Hardin County Courthouse prior to the present structure. The first courthouse has been described as a small frame building, which burned down in 1854 or 1855. Research suggests that it was on the north side of Marian Street, east of the present courthouse square. After the fire it was replaced with a two-story wooden courthouse, on the site of the present county jail. This second building served until 1892.
Several notable events shook the Hardin County Courthouse during its first few decades. In the dead of the night in August 14, 1865, the safe in the County Treasurer's Office was robbed of $13,000. Holes had been drilled and gunpowder used to blow the door off its hinges. Although a Sheriff's posse formed the very next day, and detectives were brought in from Chicago, the culprits were never found.
The county was also wracked by the financial misdealings of two of its officials in its early days. County Auditor D.B. Morse was charged with the misappropriation of thousands of dollars of public money during his term of office from 1876-1877. Morse disappeared after an arrest warrant was issued, and the Board of Supervisors placed a $200 bounty on his head. He was found guilty of charges in 1879 and eventually served six months in the county jail. In 1885, an audit disclosed the shortfall of $9,000 in the accounts of out-going County Treasurer P.J. Cowan. Bondsmen eventually repaid $7,812 and Cowan repaid the balance.
Next to having the state capital, the possession of the county seat was the most coveted distinction for the first settlers in Iowa. Many exciting incidents grew from the county seat contests in Hardin County, as was true in many of Iowa's counties.
It appears Steamboat Rock was the first town in this county to challenge Eldora as a popular place for the county seat of justice. At the election held in April 1856, the question was submitted, resulting in a vote of 452 for Eldora and 100 for Steamboat Rock, thus defeating Steamboat Rock's bid for the courthouse.
In February 1857, a petition was circulated, and 514 signatures were secured, requesting the county judge to order an election for the removal of the county seat to Berlin. The election was held and resulted in the fact that Eldora was still the favored location.
Point Pleasant was the next aspirant for the county seat. This brought about one of the most exciting of all county contests ever staged in Iowa. Every township and school district in the entire county was canvassed pro and con. The election was held and on the first Monday in April 1858, the board convassed the vote. The "board" consisted of John W. Jones, county judge; Ellis Parker; and Joseph Edgington, justice of the peace. The board announced the vote to be 540 for Point Pleasant and 521 for Eldora, giving the former a bare majority of 19. Point Pleasant won...the first round.
In the same month, and before any removal of items from Eldora, application was made to the district court, asking the board of canvassers to re-canvass the votes cast at the election for the relocation of the county seat. The petition asked that the board reject a "certain alleged mutilated and spurious return" which had been allowed by the board, and canvass the vote for Pleasant township. The court permitted the protest and the board re-canvassed the vote, rejecting the poll book in question from Pleasant township. It declared the results to be 520 for Eldora and 440 for Point Pleasant. Eldora thus won out again and remained the county seat. But the story wasn't over.
A fellow by the name of Isaac S. Moore was a leader of the faction wanting the county seat at Point Pleasant. A few days later, Moore made his affidavit of the facts, as he claimed them, in relation to the election returns from Pleasant township, and asked that the affidavit be taken as an answer to the writ and that the former return by the board of canvassers be set aside and the proceedings under it declared null and void. By some oversight, the affidavit was not marked, filed, nor any entry made upon the record in relation to it. The court refused the affidavit and afterwards made a memorandum of it upon the judge's docket.
A few days later, John van Houton and several others applied to the court with an application for an alternative writ of mandamus against the county judge to require him to remove the county offices, books, papers, etc. to Point Pleasant. The judge refused to do this, under advice of his attorney, James M. Wood. He who was later Judge H.C. Henderson of Marshalltown, appeared for the other side, and took exceptions, which the court overruled and the case was submitted to the supreme court of Iowa. The result was that the ruling of the district court was reversed.
At the May term, 1859, of the district court of Hardin County, Moore again attempted to get the election results reversed, saying that the Pleasant township votes should be counted. He appealed to the supreme court, but the case was dismissed. The case again, in another form, was presented to the district court. Ellis Parker was now serving as county judge, rather than Judge Jones. This made the county judge a defendent in the case, so Judge Porter served as judge of the district court. He upheld the original decision. From this decision, Van Houton appealed to the supreme court, and the judgment of the district court was affirmed. For the time being, Eldora was still the county seat.
But the battle was not not yet finished.


Places that lie in the ‘between’ are believed, by some, to be magical; where the veil between worlds is thin and, therefore, more likely to be subject to the whims and vagaries of ‘faerie’. It might seem a fanciful idea but one I wholeheartedly believe when I am visiting Stokesay Castle, in Shropshire.
Situated in the liminal lands between England and Wales, Stokesay is a relic of a long forgotten world. The medieval fortified manor house is now home only to the birds and bats, but is one of the best preserved examples of a building of this kind in the country. It was built by one of the richest men in England at the time, Lawrence of Ludlow, in 1291 and, with only a few changes since then, including the addition of a timbered gatehouse and a panelled solar (or living room) in the 17th century, it has remained largely unchanged from when it was first built.
I am sure that Stokesay Castle could provide an interesting lesson in what life was like in the middle ages. The octagonal south tower is a fantastic example of typical medieval castle building with its thick walls, narrow staircases, and arrow slits and the Great Hall’s ceiling timbers ably demonstrate the art of medieval carpentry. But it isn’t this, for once, which I find so enticing about Stokesay.
The castle and its setting are simply enchanting.
Surrounded by the beautiful Shropshire Hills, and, sitting right next door to a picturesque church and graveyard, the grey stone and timber building feels as though it has had its roots in this land forever. The traditional English country garden inside the inner ward and planted in the now dry moat soften the harshness of walls built to defend and their scents and sounds conjure drowsy, lazy summer days.
The woodwork is faded and sagging, but the jettied windows on the South Tower allow this castle to step right out of the old fairy stories. Inside, there is an old timber staircase, still as it was in 1291, a little worn from generations of feet and hands climbing their way to bed. It is a real privilege to place my foot and my hand where the original carpenter so carefully crafted a structure that was still going to be used seven hundred years later.
On the later gatehouse, Adam and Eve stand comfortably alongside a fierce dragon, and inside the Solar, the canopy over the fire is intricately carved – unnecessarily so, but what a wonderful reminder of an age when a craft like this was not just a niche hobby and a testament to an age where belief in something less rational was prevalent.
It’s not the grandest of buildings, it’s not the oldest. But it is a place where enough of the world’s modern trappings fade away (I wouldn’t want to give up the tearoom, after all) and I am left with the wonder at the beauty of the place and the sense of being bewitched to ‘somewhere else’. I can readily believe that I crossed over the veil into the summer lands and I would be very happy to step over again.


Graniteville was originally named Bennett's Corners and Fayetteville. Quarries for trap rock were operated in the area from 1841 to 1896, leading to the community's name being changed first to Granite Village, then Graniteville.
According to College of Staten Island professor, geologist Alan Benimoff, this name is a misnomer, as the quarry actually contained no granite. Granite is made of potassium feldspar. The rock at the quarry is composed of sodium feldspar. Also, professor Benimoff discovered Trondhjemite at the site, a rare mineral.
Largely rural well into the 20th century, Graniteville was the scene of a notable fire in March 1942, when an explosion at the Consolidated Fireworks Company on Richmond Avenue claimed the lives of five employees.
Bisected from east to west by the Staten Island Expressway and with New York State Route 440 forming its eastern boundary, Graniteville's most notable landmark is Baron Hirsch Cemetery, an 80-acre (324,000 m²) Jewish cemetery founded in the late 19th century and still in active use; in August 2001 this cemetery became the focus of a local health-related story when it was one of six locations on the island where mosquitos carrying the West Nile virus were discovered.
Residential development in the area burgeoned soon after the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge opened in November 1964, and today Graniteville stands at the north end of a busy commercial strip along Richmond Avenue; this strip, which extends to the vicinity of the Staten Island Mall approximately 4 miles (6 km) away, is the scene of some of the heaviest automotive traffic on Staten Island.


协会介绍大123123 发布时间：2021-05-25 10:12:22
The Washington State Fruit Commission was founded in 1947 as a nonprofit organization funded by grower assessments for the purpose of promotion, market development, research, and education for soft fruits grown in Washington State.
Northwest sweet cherry growers had been informally promoting their sweet cherries together for several years, but in the 1950s, Washington and Oregon sweet cherry growers joined in formal promotions. Idaho joined in 1966, at which time the Northwest Cherry Growers was officially organized. Utah joined in 1967 and Montana joined in 2008.


Benson knew Callie and I were on a "volunteers budget", but he somehow managed to set us up in the coolest hotels.
Here are some photos of the first hotel we were in, in Jaipur. This used to be an old palace and is packed with history...none of which I can remember at the moment (which is how it usually goes for me... I love hearing about anything historical, and then I promptly forget everything I was told)
If I could go back in time, I would have spent more time in Jaipur. This place was breathtaking! We spent about a day and a half here, and this is what we did:
My first taste of Jaipur was having a nasty cobra put on my neck. From the pictures you can tell I was THRILLED about this. Thank you Jaipur and gross snakes for some of the most unflattering photos of myself. Thank you.
Here we are at the City Palace in Jaipur. I am now going to tell you about it by copy and pasting from Wikipedia cause that's how I roll. "City Palace, Jaipur, which includes the Chandra Mahal and Mubarak Mahal palaces and other buildings, is a palace complex in Jaipur, the capital of the Rajasthan state, India. It was the seat of the Maharaja of Jaipur, the head of the Kachwaha Rajput clan. The Chandra Mahal palace now houses a museum but the greatest part of it is still a royal residence. The palace complex, which is located northeast of the centre of the grid patterned Jaipur city, incorporates an impressive and vast array of courtyards, gardens and buildings. The palace was built between 1729 and 1732, initially by Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber. He planned and built the outer walls, and later additions were made by successive rulers right up to the 20th century."
Next we went across the street to Jantar Mantar. This place was SUPER COOL. It was built in 1727 by Maharaja Jai Singh II and is filled with astronomical architecture. This Maharaja was a genius.
I don't remember what this next place is, but it looked pretty amazing from far away.
And now, drum roll please, MY FAVORITE PART!! It was nearing the end of the day and we had already seen so much of Jaipur already, I had no idea what was in store for us later in the day. The next million pictures are of the Amber (also known as Amer) Fort/Palace. If you want to know all the history on this, just look it up, but just know this, it will take your breath away.
We got to ride an elephant to the top!
Yeayyyyy!! "I'm so freakin excited!"
Shesh Mahal (Hall of Mirrors)
I am pretty impressed with my photography skills on this one
Dinner is served.
Lastly, because our tour guide knew I liked textiles, took us to a place where they make traditional Indian block printed fabrics. They let us make one, which looked like crap but was a lot of fun.
If you are considering traveling India even just a little bit, JUST DO IT! I don't know why it took me so long to get out here, but I am so glad I did. I heart Jaipurrrrr!


Ever since this ancient times, when documentation was not easy as like modern era, the survival of many arts like yoga & yogic exercises etc. was dependent solely on the Guru (Master) & his disciples. The master performer use to teach his disciples keeping the art alive .Mallkhamb is no exception for this Indian Traditional culture & practice of passing it to the next generation. For Mallkhamb the present 5th generation is carrying forward & keeping the high flag flying, resulting in even growing popularity not only in India but also throughout the globe.
We should therefore remember all those Gurus who knew from Alpha to Omega of Mallkhamb fortheir incredible contribution & keeping alive this art of Mallkhamb.
We must pay our tributes to all the teachers, coaches & performers who kept this Indian art of Mallkhamb alive for over 2 centuries in its original & true form in general & during the adverse conditions of movement of Indian freedom fighting in particular.
Today the widespread tree of Mallkhamb is further growing vigorously. However to a large extent, it is possible to track down the origin & the branches of Mallkhamb from available records, references & few books.
We should remember valuable contribution of the teachers, coaches & of course the performers who really kept alive the art of Mallkhamb even after 200 ., years of its origin & even through the extraordinary difficult situation of freedom fighting.
It is possible to trace the branchesof this well spread tree of Mallkhamb only with the help of some literatures & books like ‘Vyayamdnyankosh (Encyclopedia of Indian Culture or Vyayam mag~ines etc. that were published in the early)
20th century, But fact remains that even ‘Vyayamdnyankosh’ is also not a complete book as far as the history of Mallkhamb is concerned as there is not a single word of one full major branch that flourished in the same city of ‘Vadodara where this book was written & published.
This informative booklet is just to respect our true ‘Guru’s & to salute to all these legends of Mallkhamb.
Some of the legends are there behind the screen whose information & pictures etc. are not available with us. But still with some of their available references we can imagine their contribution in the Mallkhamb.
Mr. Takejamal is the first person according to me whose history I am not at all available. But a single line reference shows that Mr. Takejamal was the first performer to demonstrate this art of Mallkhamb to the foreigner (British Resident of Pune Sir Elphniston. Also in another line, Mr. Takejamal was stated as the trainer of Mallkhamb to kings of Vadodara & hence Sir Jummadada also training with the kings became his pet student. This Jummadada created the history by molding the grate legend not only of Mallkhamb but also of many Indian cultures & also the official setting of the orders of Indian military.
Some legends are still working hard to take this game to its peak… Their contribution is also not to be overlooked.
All these legends are placed on a chart that is also provided in this book. Life history of only few legends is compiled as in all other cases the references are not available except their names.
We are in a process of obtaining more information of an individual personality & plan to publish separate book of each legend in near future.
Trust, the readers will definitely find this chapter informative & as guideline for their lives which would act as grate booster & inspiration for further progress of Mallkhamb.
In the Mallkhamb history, two places mentioned prominently are Saptashringi & Kothure. Saptashringi at Wani. Nashik is the birthplace of Mallkhamb & Kothure is the birthplace of founder of Mallkhamb – Sir Balambhatt Dada Deodhar.
Both these place, even today are very peaceful & really ‘Untouched’ by the perversed modernisation. It is really worth to visit them once in a life.


The History of Social Conservatism in NZ
Social conservatism has always been the attitude of New Zealand ever since its origins. It has underwent several developments over the years. It was ideologically driven and focused on individualism. Although the attitude is often seen in a negative light, some historians argue for its necessity. The attitude of the Kiwis is quite clearly reflected in the political sphere, where the leaders generally hold conservative attitudes.
Ever since the advent of party politics in the country, social conservatism began to be challenged. Apart from liberalism, the cultural wars happening in the West have also played a significant role in challenging the conservative outlook present in New Zealand politics.


1898 - The Beginning
Founders: Margaret Lee Batten, Louise Marie Davis, Martha Trent Featherston, Isabella Merrick, Sallie Jackson Michie, Lelia Scott, Elizabeth Watkins and Lucy Wright.
From our earliest days, we seek out others to accompany us on our journey. There will be many acquaintances as we travel along our path. Among them will be found some with whom we feel a special bond…a rapport to be welcomed and nurtured. There may be one or two…there may be a hundred.
Is it any wonder then, that eight young women, away from home and family, found each other and began their journey in friendship? They stepped out on a path from Farmville, Virginia in 1898, sharing a special bond as friends who regarded each other as sisters. They reached out to others who joined them on the journey. Together, they established a sisterhood called Sigma Sigma Sigma. We find friends within the bonds of Tri Sigma. We regard these friends as sisters. We enter into a state of being Sisters. We are a Sisterhood.
Excerpt taken from A Century of Sisterhood, 1898-2001.
There were many "firsts." We held our first
general convention and elected Rhea Clarke Scott, Alpha, our first
Grand President. The first national constitution was written as well
as "Stately and Royal," and the "Early History of Sigma Sigma Sigma." "The Triangle of Sigma Sigma Sigma" was established and our Triangle badge adopted. J. Miller Leake became the only man permitted to wear our badge.
Bess Bennett Brower Willis, Gamma, was elected in 1908 as our second president. We went from Alpha to Theta as eight new chapters were added during this decade.
We followed the trend—voices were raised—Sigmas were emancipated women! We were caught up in a global war and Sigmas joined the corps of American women in war work. Mabel Lee Walton elected our third national president in 1913 and would serve until 1947. Tri Sigma forged ahead on teacher college campuses and became a member of AES (Assoc. of Educational Sororities.) An Endowment Fund was introduced and Omega services begun. Eight new chapters installed from Kappa to Rho.
The Roaring Twenties had begun. Sigmas moved forward establishing many new publications: a song book, officer manuals, pledge manual, The Angle, The Stray. We celebrated our 25th anniversary. The Circle degree was conferred on 62 alumnae. Central office located in Woodstock, VA. We added 16 new chapters going from Tau through Alpha Lambda.
The Great Depression was in force. These were the lean years but Tri Sigma continued to thrive. The John Randolph Library was designated our National social service project. Our Triennial Plan was developed, Charm School established, our E.O. moved to Clermont, FL , we had our first “Honor Initiate,” and Sigmas adopted the Emily Gates Achievement Award. Nine new chapters were added from Alpha Mu to Alpha Upsilon.
World War II began and ended. Tri Sigmas entered the armed services and volunteered for other war efforts. The first bound book of Sigma Rituals was published. The diamond badge of Mabel Lee Walton was passed on to our fourth national president, Mary Hastings Holloway Page, Alpha. Executive Office moved to the home of Marie Santee Dunham in Muskogee, OK then later to Denison, TX. We celebrated 50 years of Sigma Sigma Sigma. Fifteen new chapters were installed from Alpha Phi to Beta Mu.
Sputnik and Elvis made the scene. The Space Age was upon us. Tri Sigma became a member of NPC. We adopted the Robbie Page Memorial (RPM) as our national philanthropy to fight polio. Robbie was the son of our 4th president. Our first history was published, our “doll collection” was started, and our Mabel Lee Walton became President Emerita. Care of hospitalized children began at the North Carolina Memorial Hospital. We elected Margaret Freeman Dixon, Sigma, as our fifth national president and celebrated our 60th anniversary. Fourteen new chapters were chartered—Beta Nu through Gamma Gamma.
A time of unrest on college campuses. The fraternity system was challenged but Sigma Sigma Sigma held true to its founding principles. Nelda Francis Crawford, Alpha, became our sixth national president. We created the College Chapter Housing Fund, lifetime dues, a Collegiate Advisory Board (CAB) was established and the Steadfast Alumna Award was introduced. We bought Walton House and made it our permanent headquarters in Woodstock, VA. New chapters numbered 25—Gamma Epsilon to Delta Epsilon.
The Vietnam war was behind us. Members of Sigma Sigma Sigma affirmed the founding purposes and Declaration of Principles. Helen Marie Eggert Snyder, Alpha Xi, elected our 7th national president. We celebrated our 75th anniversary. RPM expanded to include play therapy at Cardinal Glennon Hospital in St. Louis and Children’s Medical Center in Dallas. The Alumnae Advisory Committee was established, Key Alumnae started, and “Make a Child Smile” balloon ascension introduced to benefit RPM. We installed 14 new chapters—Delta Zeta through Delta Tau.
Technology makes an impact at Executive Office. Computers become a permanent fixture at E.O. Mary K. Barbee named the first Sigma to serve as Chairman of NPC. Mimi Brandt Hiner, Beta Xi, elected our 8th national president. A career network, Tradewinds, was established and our Sigma Sigma Sigma Foundation was instituted. Ann Buchler Williams, Gamma Eta, became our 9th national president. Dunham Leadership Conference replaces Regional Meets. 21 college chapter chartered—Delta Upsilon up to Epsilon Rho.
Tri Sigmas move ever forward. Archival work begins in earnest for our 100th anniversary celebration. Diana Hornick Sarber, Beta Mu, becomes our 10th national president. We have the first sorority chapter in Alaska and the first D/deaf and hard-of-hearing chapter in Rochester, NY. The Educational Foundation and RPM are reorganized as the Sigma Sigma Sigma Foundation. We have our first website, www.sigmasigmasigma.org! Our new chapters during this decade are 41 taking us from Epsilon Sigma to Eta Mu.
In 2001 the foundation walk started, Mary K. Barbee, Iota, becomes 11th National President, the "Ever Forward" logo appears for the first time, and the first international chapter was chartered in Germany, Eta Mu.
In 2004 Laura Ward Sweet, Alpha Sigma, becomes our 12th National President.
2010 - Present
2010 brought many opportunities for Tri Sigma to look forward and continue a path of innovation. Tri Sigma's Executive Council adjusted to a governance model to better meet the needs of this dynamic sisterhood. Kaye Schendel was installed as Tri Sigma's 13th National President at the 2010 Convention in Minneapolis, MN. A re-branding was completed which involved a refreshed website, online education modules, Twitter account, Facebook page and blog.
In 2013, our National Convention will be held in Orlando, FL.


purchased the property later that year and Harrison was connected to outside world.
The next few years saw the opening of the First National Bank of Harrison, the Opera House, various drug, grocery, hardware, furniture, clothing & jewelry stores along with tailoring, blacksmithing and shoemaker shops, and restaurants, hotels and a hospital. For a time around the turn of the century Harrison was the largest town in Kootenai County. In 1911 the City Directory reported a population of 1,250. Harrison’s growth was a result of the development of 8 or more sawmills & box factories. With the mills and woods jobs, approx. 280 men were employed with a combined monthly payroll around $25,000. Millions of board feet of timber were stored in the lake at Harrison. Lake Coeur d’Alene and the St.Joe and Coeur d’Alene rivers were the major transportation routes for timber coming out of the areas forests.
In 1917 the Grant Lumber Company caught fire and the ensuing blaze consumed about half of the business district. Much of the town was never rebuilt. The easiest way to get to Harrison was by water. The OWR&N Company which absorbed the OR&N railroad, constructed a 600 passenger steamer called “The Harrison” for transportation. There were several other steamers such as the Georgie Oakes that carried passengers and freight making the depot a popular place for area children. Passenger service was discontinued in the early 1920’s but they continued to haul freight until 1932 when the line was abandoned.
Many early day photo’s are on display at the Crane Historical Society Museum along with a lot of information about Harrison. Community spirit continues today with the Old Time Picnic, which is always held the last weekend in July.
“The Trail of the Coeur d’Alenes” is a welcome addition to the Harrison area. The Trail is 72 miles of easy riding and runs from Plummer to Mullan. If you have time, bring your bike (or rent one) and see for yourself.
There have been changes in ownership of some businesses, some new businesses up & running , and more expected. Check it out.


Amaris Hotel Gorontalo
Founded by the Portuguese in the early 16th century, Gorontalo is one of the oldest towns in Sulawesi and was a primary center for Islamic learning for the whole of eastern Indonesia. Fort Otonaha, one the original three forts built overlooking the waters of Lake Limboto, remains intact, commanding a picturesque spot overlooking the lake. The islands of Pepaya, Mas and Rajain North Gorontalo are a renowned turtle habitat, and have been a nature reserve since colonial times.Amaris Hotel Gorontalo is located on Jl. Sultan Botutihe in the heart of the city, affording easy access to all main attractions and services. A number of traditional old buildings may be found in the vicinity, reflecting Gorontalo’s unique character: a modern Indonesian city, with strong traditional and religious values.Created to meet the needs of the modern-day urban professional, every Amaris hotel offers a stylish yet affordable alternative, complete with modern amenties and professional service.


The Gotter Hotel Apartments is a mixed-use development with commercial units on the ground floor and an 8-unit HOME affordable housing project on the upper floors. The Gotter Hotel development, located in Enterprise, Oregon was completed in 1995. The project was a partnership between Chrisman Development and Community Connection of Northeast Oregon. The project was funded by Oregon Housing and Community Services using HOME funding. The project involved a substantial renovation of the upper floors of the building which had been vacant for over 30 years. In 2004 the project entered into an agreement with Wallowa County Center for Wellness to house Chronically Mentally Ill tenants able to live independently with support services. This concept was very successful and continues to this day. The Gotter Hotel Apartments was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the development in 1993. The building, which was built in 1917, was selected due to the unique architecture and its historic place in the community. The project was sold in 2012.


Following a multi-million-pound refurbishment The Four Seasons in Hampshire was reimagined by Martin Brudnizi Design Studio.
The interior scheme was inspired by the locality and rich heritage, a restored 18th Century manor house tucked away within a quintessential Hamlet of the English countryside.
The reconfiguration and refurbishment of the ground floor facilities included the reception and ancillary areas, a new bar, kitchen, drawing room and renovations of The Royal Suite.
The joinery package was extensive and designed to complement a Graded English country house with a contemporary twist. Each room is distinctive in character with British style woven throughout, from the high gloss marble reception to the classic detailing and wooden panelled walls of the Bar and Lounge to the bespoke oak bookcases within the Library.
The Wild Carrot Restaurant was extended and includes an open kitchen for added drama, a variety of seating including banquette booths and an island cocktail bar with timber and brass detailing.
We delivered an exceptional joinery package that features throughout this luxurious space, perfectly representing heritage and quality.
For more details on this amazing project please click here.
Photography taken by James McDonald
© Whittle Interiors Limited


|Lt. General Francesca Marx.
Former commanding officer to the Imperial Marines of the Spinward frontier.
Gen. Marx commanded the 1st through 6th Imperial Marine Corps.
The result was that Marx was attempting to link up with the 122nd marine division on Vera Cruz when she went missing. The next anyone heard of her was when it was announced that she would be traded in a prisoner exchange for Gen. Gorvon, who was taken prisoner by an assault team under the command of Androchev.
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|May 06, 2010||Media contact: Andree Joyaux
Joseph E. Johnson III, M.D., former dean of U-M Medical School dies
ANN ARBOR, MI – Joseph E. Johnson III, M.D., former dean of the University of Michigan Medical School, professor of internal medicine at the University of Michigan, physician and scholar died on April 19, 2010 in Jacksonville, Fla. He was 79.
During his tenure as dean (1985-1990), the U-M Medical School significantly expanded its clinical and research capabilities and capacity, and began planning a major revision of its medical education curriculum.
“Dean Johnson led the U-M Medical School through a period of rapid expansion in both reach and impact,” says James O. Woolliscroft, M.D., the current dean. “Dr. Johnson was well regarded for his infectious disease expertise and his leadership of this institution through a period of great change.”
Johnson was born in Elberton, Ga. on September 17, 1930, where he spent his early years. He earned his B.A. and M.D. degrees from Vanderbilt University in 1951 and 1954 respectively. He completed both his internal medicine residency and a fellowship in infectious diseases and immunology at Johns Hopkins Hospital.
In 1966, Johnson joined the medical school faculty of the University of Florida as the division chief of infection diseases and he also served as assistant dean. In 1971, he was named chairman of medicine at the Wake Forest University Bowman Gray School of Medicine.
Johnson came to the University of Michigan as dean from 1985 through 1990.
While dean, Johnson recruited eight department chairs and established 11 endowed or collegiate chairs. The new University Hospital and A. Alfred Taubman Health Center opened their doors in 1986. Three multidisciplinary “Centers of Excellence” were designated by the U-M Regents in the fields of cancer, geriatrics and substance abuse.
External funding for research more than doubled during this period. Two new research buildings were activated during Johnson’s tenure: Medical Science Research Building I in 1986 and Medical Science Research Building II in 1989. In addition, planning began for cancer and geriatrics facilities as well as a third Medical Science Research Building.
During this time, medical education was changing across the nation and U-M began planning a major revision of its medical education curriculum. These plans included placing more emphasis on preventive care, enhancing teaching in ambulatory care and importantly, fostering habits of critical thought and independent learning.
After completing his term as dean, Johnson remained a member of the U-M faculty until 1993.
His advocacy for excellence in medical education and clinical practice as well as his extensive knowledge of policy led to several leadership positions with the American College of Physicians. Upon his retirement in 2003, the ACP recognized his service by establishing the Joseph E. Johnson Leadership Award to recognize young physicians who demonstrate qualities which foster excellence and professionalism in the practice of medicine.
Johnson was the author of more than 100 scholarly articles, wrote numerous chapters in medical text books and edited three books. He received numerous accolades and awards throughout his career.
He enjoyed traveling with his wife, children and grandsons. He was an avid student and reader of history as well as a great music lover.
Johnson was predeceased by his wife Judith Kemp Johnson in 2004. He is survived by his sister, two daughters, a son and three grandsons.
A graveside service was held at the Ponte Vedra Valley Cemetery in Ponte Vedra Beach, Fla. on May 1, 2010. For those interested, the family suggests donations be made to the Joseph E. Johnson III, M.D., Memorial Fund, Elbert Memorial Hospital Foundation, 4 Medical Drive, Elberton, Ga., 30635 or to the ACP/Joseph E. Johnson Fund, American College of Physicians, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, Pa., 19106-1572.
Written by Andree Joyaux


J. Marberger Stuart(1927-1993) was a noted author, lecturer, historian, performer and judge of the art of Magic. He was an international prize winning magician and honorary life member of The Magic Castle in Hollywood, California. With his wife, Marjorie, J. Marberger Stuart was the co-author and co-producer of the 1969 Off-Broadway play, Make Me Disappear, which featured a vanishing elephant. He served as a judge at F.I.S.M. representing the United States and was chairman of the Judging committee for the Christopher Awards given by the Milbourne Christopher Foundation. In recognition of his contributions to the art of magic, the Society of American Magicians has elected J. Marberger Stuart to its Hall of Fame.
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|Charles Perdew (1874-1963), Henry Illinois. This is a typical example of Perdew's carved and painted classic call. These calls were made from the 1920s until the early 1960s. The vast majority of these calls have three carved and painted mallards on the barrel as well as the initials or name of the owner. They are metal-reed calls made from mahogany with a cedar stopper. Charles Perdew is considered to be Illinois premier waterfowl folk artist. His decoys are also highly treasured.
|This photo shows the other side of Perdew's carved and painted duck call. These calls had mouthpieces made from red, green, or yellow Bakelite-type plastic.
|Charles Perdew. This is the famous carved and checkered walnut duck call that Perdew made for the VL&A store in Chicago beginning sometime in the 1920s. When sold through the store it was inscribed with the "VL&A" initials. Charlie also sold these calls out of his shop in Henry, Illinois with whatever initials the purchaser requested. Some examples have no initials at all.
|Charles Grubbs (1848-1933), Senachwine Lake, Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, Pascagoula, Mississippi, and Houston, Texas. Grubbs claimed to have made the first commercial duck call in 1868. This is in dispute with F. A. Allen who claimed to be selling calls since 1863 but his advertising first appeared in 1880. Grubbs's advertising can be traced back to the 1892 Montgeomery Ward catalog. Grubbs's calls are the first documented metal-reed calls of what is now known as Glodo or Reelfoot Lake style. Grubbs had an extensive career in waterfowling ranging from managing the famous Undercliff Hotel on Lake Senachwine on the Illinois River, to working at VL&A, to making decoys and calls in Mississippi and Texas. This is a very early cedar example of his Percfection call.
|Charles Grubbs. This is an example of what is referred to as Grubbs's Standard Duck Call. This is the most commonly found form of his duck calls.
|Charles Grubbs. This call is considered to be the earliest form of a Grubbs duck call and is called the Grubbs Original Illinois River duck call. Charles Grubbs was one of the most prolific of the early call makers.
|This is Grubbs's "Improved Illinois River Duck Call". Chronologically it falls between his "Illinois River Duck Call" and his "Perfection Duck Call. The Improved Illinois River Duck Call is made from cedar and was the first Grubbs call to be nationally advertised (Montgomery Ward catalog, 1892).
|Charles Quimby (1875-1940) of Spring Valley, Illinois was a touring sharp shooter for a well known gun and powder company. He also manufactured duck skiffs used on the Illinois River. In addition he made metal-reed duck and crow calls from locally grown cedar. His calls date to the 1920s and earlier and are extremely hard to come by.
|Charles Ditto (1865-1935) of Keithsburg, Illinois was another of the early call makers. He made hard rubber reed duck and crow calls using a molded rubber toneboard. Most of his calls used a metal sleeve inside their barrels and a metal-tube insert to hold the toneboard and reed. Ditto was, among other things, a champion trapshooter, farmer, guide, and hunting camp manager. Ditto's calls were widely distributed as they were available in many national hardware and sporting goods catalogs. This is an example of Ditto's early flared-stopper Eureka duck calls.
|Fred A. Allen (1838-1912) of Monmouth, Illinois is generally given credit as the first commercial maker of a single-toneboard, or modern, duck call. Allen was a pioneer in the waterfowling field making calls, decoys, and bow-facing oars in the 19th century. After starting with an all-metal call, he switched to a wooden barrel in 1892. This example has his desirable deep lanyard groove design. Although Allen died in 1912, his wife continued to manufacture and sell his calls into the 1940s .
|Unknown maker. Horn-belled tongue pincher ca. 1870. This archaic duck call form was patented in 1870 by Elam Fisher of Detroit. Later tongue pinchers were manufactured with metal bells. These calls were made with a metal reed placed between two toneboards.
|Morgan Leader, St. Louis, Missouri. The maker or makers of these calls remain a mystery. Advertising for these calls appeared in St. Louis catalogs for over 20 years dating back to the early 1900s. The elegant call shown here was made from hedge. Other examples were made from walnut and rosewood.
|Murray Worthern (1878-1949) Tobias and Murphysboro, Illinois. Worthern was one of the Roseberry school call makers from southern Illinois. Tom Roseberry taught Worthern how to make calls around 1936. Worthern made these Glodo-style, checkered calls until shortly before his death. This call was made from the leg of a World War II army cot.
|John "Newt" Rule (1870-1949) of Beardstown, Illinois ran a hunting camp along the Illinois River. He also operated a traveling shooting gallery that he would take to fairs and festivals. He made decoys and metal-reed duck calls. Rule made hundreds of calls from about 1910 until 1940. His calls had step-milled stoppers as can be seen in the walnut call in this photo.
|Richard Byrnes (1865-ca. 1927) of Pekin, Illinois made brass-banded hard rubber calls possibly as early as the 1880s. His metal-reed calls influenced many Pekin area call makers. Byrnes was a bartender by trade. Many examples of his calls have cut-off barrels because early hard rubber and gutta-percha tended to crack easily.
|George "Skippy" Barto (1880-1959) Fairmont, Illinois. Charlie Perdew taught Barto how to make duck calls. Barto made a plain walnut duck call and a deluxe banded cedar duck call. Both of these used metal reeds. He was also a noted decoy maker and carved birds of all kinds including shorebirds and songbirds. This is one of his deluxe banded cedar calls.
|Slinn Brothers: Harry (1847-1917), James (1857-?), John (1863-1945), Albert (1867-1922) Chilicothe, Illinois. The Slinn Brothers made one of the earliest documented duck calls (1883). The barrels were made from gutta-percha with molded ducks, rabbits, and shorebirds. Stoppers were fashioned from either gutta-percha or wood. The gutta-percha tended to developed cracks and many surviving examples have cut-off barrels. All Slinn Brothers calls have metal reeds.
|Unknown maker. Squawker, late 1800s. This now obsolete form of duck call is similar in construction to the Louisiana type call except that no retaining tube is used. Instructions for making a squawker call can be found in Joseph W. Long's 1874 book, American Wild-Fowl Shooting. This is the earliest known written documentation of a modern duck call.
|Tom Roseberry (1872-1961) of Murphysboro was the first in the famous southern Illinois family line of call makers. He was a coal miner who started making calls around 1900. He influenced many of the southern Illinois call makers who followed him. His early calls, such as the one shown here, were handcrafted entirely from walnut. He later switched to cedar stoppers. Some had heart-shaped panels and all are step-drilled with metal reeds.
|Tom Turpin (1872-1957) of Memphis, Tennessee was one of the seminal figures in the development of the metal-reed call. He spent years researching and refining every nuance of calling ducks and his calls set the standard for all metal-reed makers of his era. Turpin was heavily influenced by Victor Glodo but experimented with numerous materials and construction techniques. He also made crow and turkey calls. In addition he wrote about calls and call making for outdoor magazines. The duck call example shown here is his most frequently found call. It has 3 ducks stamped at equal intervals around the barrel.
|Lawrence Larson, Sr. (1888-1947) and Lawrence Larson, Jr. (1925-1976) Oak Park, Illinois. Larry Larson, Sr. was an outdoorsman, conservationist, and full-time duck call manufacturer. He made and sold thousands of his metal-reed Trutone calls through major sporting goods stores and catalogs. He also traveled the outdoor show and festival circuit as well as giving duck calling seminars. He made duck, crow, and, for a short time, goose calls. His duck calls came in 3 grades, Standard, Red Label, and Blue Label. Although he used many different kinds of wood, the overwhelming majority of calls in collections today have walnut barrels with either walnut or maple stoppers. Larson's Blue Label calls were made with premium grade barrel wood. A few early calls had decals but he switched to imprinting, "TRUTONE, OAK PARK, ILL" on the call barrels. Larry, Sr.'s son took over the business when Larry, Sr. died in 1947 but Larry, Jr. only applied finish and tuned the calls that his father had already made. The call shown here is an outstanding example of Larson's highest grade, Blue Label call.
|Valentine "Val" Leonard (1902-1965) of Bureau, Illinois worked for the railroad and also was a pusher for the Greenwing Hunting Club in Bureau. A tournament trap shooter and expert fly fisherman, Leonard made duck calls and decorative ducks. His duck calls, which he made from the early 1920s through the 1950s, are elegantly simple in design. Most are banded and some have an internal metal sleeve. While some of his early calls had metal reeds, the ones in known collections today have plastic or hard rubber reeds. Most of his calls were made from walnut but a few have been found made from rosewood or, as in the example shown, are laminated. An additional few have small ducks inlaid in their barrels.
|Bill Clifford (1877-1958) of River Forest, Illinois made metal-reed calls from the late 1930s until the mid 1950s. Using his design expertise from his trade as a decorative tile setter, he created the most beautifully laminated calls of his time and set the standard in lamination to which all call makers aspire. This is an example of his brick and mortar style lamination. Cliffords calls and call racks are among the most highly sought after of all vintage waterfowl call collectibles.


Alpine Meadows Bridge Replacement Project Garners Two Awards
The Sacramento chapters of both the APWA and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) have named the Alpine Meadows Bridge Replacement Project as a Project of the Year. The 100-foot bridge, built in 1970, was structurally deficient and functionally obsolete, with a Caltrans sufficiency rating of 57.4 in 2007. The bridge spanned the Truckee River and served as the only entrance to the Alpine Meadows Resort.
The County programmed the bridge to be replaced, updated, and widened under the Federal Highway Bridge Program. The approach roadway was also widened and realigned.
For this project, NCE designed the utility infrastructure for relocating all water utilities and communications conduits. In addition to preparing 30%, 60%, and 90% design plans, NCE was responsible for permitting and prepared the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan for the project.


History of the Jackson Fire Department
The Jackson Fire Department was founded in 1892 with 48 charter members. The initial funding for the department was provided by the members themselves, who paid $1.00 to join the department and $0.25 per meeting. The first equipment purchased was a hand-drawn/hand-operated pump and a fire bell that summoned members to a fire call. This bell is still on display today in front of the department.
The department upgraded its equipment to a horse-drawn fire engine.
The fire department built its first station next to the current Village Hall location.
The first motorized piece of equipment was purchased and was built on a Model-T frame.
A siren was purchased as the newest way to signal the firemen. The siren was the first of its kind in the area.
The fire department met with the Town of Jackson and the Town of Polk about possible fire protection contracts. A new Village Hall was also constructed that year, and the fire department gave the village $500 to build an additional ten feet onto Village Hall to house the fire trucks.
Two (2) air masks were purchased for the members.
The department installed a 1,000-gallon tank on a Ford chassis it had purchased for $513. The first Jackson tanker was born!
During the "Action in Jackson" celebration, a fire caused an estimated $300,000 loss, which devastated the Jackson Canning Company.
"Fire phones" were installed in homes and businesses of key fire department personnel. All of the phones would ring in a special sequence and any of those phones could answer.
Two-way radios were installed in the trucks and a tower was built on the Village Hall. The department was authorized to have it's own radio base station.
A spectacular fire at the fertilizer plant on South Center Street occurred and could be seen for miles.
High-band pagers were being used to alert firemen. This system was connected to an upgraded telephone system that could be used to activate the pagers.
The department moved to it's location on Jackson Drive and was expanded a number of times to accommodate new equipment.
The JFD rescue squad made it's first run on January 4th. Later that year, a new Pierce pumper was purchased for $50,000, making it the most expensive truck purchased to date.
New pagers were purchased, and the Washington County Sheriff's Department began handling dispatching.
A popular roller-skating rink was destroyed in a large fire on January 1st.
A new, fully-enclosed crew cab pumper was purchased for $170,000 to keep the operator and personnel out of the weather. A Jaws of Life tool was purchased and placed on the new pumper.
The EMTs were certified to use a defibrillator to restart cardiac patients' hearts.
A used ladder truck was purchased from Hartford Fire Department.
The department's first full-time employee was hired to cover daytime duties and calls.
The call volume for the year was 245 EMS calls and 80 fire related calls.
Major events during the year included a natural gas rupture on Hwy 60, two (2) major barn fires within ten days of one another, and a compost fire that took 600,000 galls of water to extinguish.
A new Smeal 75' ladder was purchased at a cost of $350,000.
A thermal imaging camera was donated to the fire department by the department support group.
The department's response area had grown to approximately 11,000 people in a 48-square mile area. The call volume rose to 285 EMS calls and 110 fire related calls.
The Director of Public Safety retired and the Village appointed a new, full-time, Fire Chief. The Fire Marshall was also hired and became the second full-time member of the department.
The department took delivery of a new 1280 Command vehicle in May of that year and ran a total of 316 EMS calls and 143 fire related calls.
The department added a third full-time member to the department to handle the increased workload.
The department took delivery of the Chief's car and a replacement ambulance.
The Washington County Dive team was formed and four (4) members of the Jackson Fire Department joined the team. The department received a grant from FEMA to replace all of the self contained breathing apparatus and increased firefighter safety.
The EMS crews increased their level of care to IV Technician and could now administer additional drugs and IV fluids en route. The grass rig was replaced after 20 years of faithful service, and 16 members of the department joined the Washington County Hazardous Materials team.
The department took delivery of 1261, the new state-of-the-art Pierce lance fire engine. The engine had seating for eight (8), an onboard foam system, telescoping light mast, hydraulic generator, and could carry 1,000 gallons of water.
The department replaced their 1996 rescue engine with a new Pierce engine, with improved safety and operational characteristics, onboard hydraulic generator and pump for Jaws of Life, light mast, and room for a crew of six (6).
1285 was replaced with a new and improved 4x4 equipment/air truck. The improved capabilities of the truck allowed it to get into areas that were formerly unreachable with a total crew compliment of five (5).


The Estorick Collection of Modern Art, the first museum in England entirely devoted to XXth century Italian art, opened in London in January 1998. Actually, the collection was gathered at the end of the 40s thanks to the devotion of Eric and Salome Estorick, whom left their collection to their heirs and created the Estorick Foundation. On the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the inauguration of the Estorick Collection, in the exhibition halls of Palazzo Ducale in Genoa, an exhibition has been organized including some one-hundred works coming from this Foundation. Among the masterpieces on display there are the Futurist works created by Balla, Severini, Boccioni and Russolo, canvases and drawings by De Chirico, Modigliani, Sironi, Campigli and Carrà. Some sculptures by Giacomo Manzù, Medardo Rosso and Marino Marini are also presented together with a wonderful series of etchings by Giorgio Morandi.


Every year, our family takes part in a very patriotic breakfast. Curly dresses up as a Founding Father. This year, he was asked to be Thomas Jefferson. Patch does not like it when he has to dress up.
He was also King George.Our cousins are usually there with us.
This year, Curly was in costume as people came. He had everyone sign the Declaration of Independence. It was really neat.
The program was amazing. Our Congressman spoke, they honored those who were currently serving, and they honored the vets who were there. Several World War II vets were asked to share some experiences. The label "The Greatest Generation" is well deserved.
Thank you to those who serve. We are grateful.


Men, Jewelry and M.Cohen
The History and Evolution of Men’s Jewelry
Jewelry has been an integral part in various rituals that surround our human history and is ingrained in every aspect of human behaviour since the dawn of time. The earliest jewelries ever worn by humans were necklaces strung with Nassarius shells 100,000 years ago. Historians claim that the relationship between jewelry and mankind goes far and beyond the recorded history.
The love affair between men and jewelry is as ancient as the history of mankind itself
Animal teeth, feathers, shells, stone bracelets, metals, silver and gold adorned the bodies of our ancestors through the ages. Our forefathers used jewelry to convey power and social status, they used it for protection during battle and needless to say, for fashion statements as well. From royal aristocrats to pirates, from knights to sword-smith, the love affair between men and jewelry is as ancient as the history of mankind itself.
Men who started wearing jewelry long before women did
Flipping through the pages of history, evidence strongly suggests that it was men who started wearing jewelry long before women did. Rivalry between males competing for the tribe chief was not uncommon, so, each candidate took it upon himself to show that he was the better man. Those pieces of jewelry were crude at best, a stick made out of an unlucky enemy’s thigh bone perhaps, or his skull. But, however crude they may have been, they did the job more or less, providing position, power and protection to the user.
Jewelry to get attention, show wealth and allegiance
For example, in ancient Egypt, jewelries were a way to stand out in the crowd, so God would take notice of the one with most ornaments. It was commonly believed that the more ostentatious the jewelries, the more powerful the men. Royalties, aristocrats, priests, influential people from the ancient period embellished themselves with multi-tier necklaces, multiple rings, elaborate and expensive clothes. Also, rings were an important ornament to show wealth and allegiance.
Jewelries were also a way to ward off evil spirits. It not only protected from evil spirits but conveyed the financial and social status of the wearer as well. Jewelry since the beginning of time has been associated with social class, as having access to rare materials. Not only social, jewelries often fulfilled psychological satisfaction, as having jewelry or rare materials as being above the mass and in the upper echelons in the social hierarchy.
In ancient Greece, the soldiers wore jewelry to battle, leather and metal cuffs were worn to ward off evil spirits and protect the soldiers on the battleground. During the Renaissance, elaborate and expensive clothes became the norm among the royalties and wealthy in the society. Family crest and rings were vital in showing allegiances, political associations and family lineage. Other materials like religious symbols and other ornaments were vital to show religious loyalty. Gemstones were a vital part of the jewelry game. Precious and rare gemstones were directly linked to power and status.
Jewelry for fashion and purpose
The British Empire’s royalty, while taking over the world, took over its fashion trends as well, their gold chain trend. They popularized men’s jewelry throughout the history. In the 1500s heavy gold chains were gifted to loyal of British monarchy. Not only in Britain, in Europe, men wore single earrings during the Renaissance and Baroque period. Earrings were considered manly and an important part of body embellishment in the Europe during the Renaissance.
Apart from the powerful men on the land, the men at the sea, pirates and sailors, wore jewelries as life insurance. It was known that, if the dead body of the pirate or sailor turned up on shore, the jewelry on their body were used in exchange of other materials for performing a respectful proper funeral for them.
The World Wars in the 20th century took over the world in defeat, win and sadness. Millions of soldiers were given ‘dog-tags’ for identification purposes. After the war ended, those ID tags became a fashion statement among many youths, descended from those brave soldiers, in the west, paying homage to their fallen loved ones and others.
Making a comeback: Trendy Men’s Jewelry
Throughout history men have appreciated the jewelries in many forms from engagements rings, wedding bands to watches, necklaces and cuffs. But it cannot be denied that women have taken a front seat in the recent past being the more ornated sex. However, according to New York Times, men’s jewelry are ‘in trend’ now. Many influential and powerful men of our time like Hip Hop stars, Jay Z, Wiz Khalifa, Kanye West, P. Diddy and Pharrell Williams have been spotted wearing bracelets, chains and multiple rings on red carpet, on stage and off stage.
The royals always make the list, be it ancient times or modern. Britain’s Prince Harry is often photographed flaunting stacks of beaded bracelets and leather bracelets. Another British personality, David Beckham, the most loved footballer of all time, has been spotted wearing metal, beaded bracelets multiple times.
On the other side of the ocean, Hollywood actors seem to love their jewelry too. Johnny Depp, Gerard Butler, Chris Hemsworth, Jared Leto, Mark Wahlberg and Robert Downey Jr have often graced the magazine’s cover and TV screens with necklaces, bracelets and rings.
Times have changed, and tying a feather to your head would no longer be what you would call fashionable jewelry. But then, how are you supposed to continue your forefathers’ tradition of standing out from the rest, what with market overflowing with shoddy rip-offs? You call upon the one and only Maor Cohen. Among the many jewelry designers making their name today, Cohen stands out above the rest.
Hailing from the land of Israel, Cohen, with his M.Cohen Jewelry brand, is making and breaking headlines with his bold and timeless yet relevant pieces of jewelry. M.Cohen’s designs are inspired from exotic cultures, foreign landscapes and rich materials. He designs bracelets, necklaces, rings and cuffs for both men and women made from raw and precious elements like gold, silver, brass, leather, pearls, beads and gemstones.
M.Cohen is famously known for its concept of ‘stacking’ where wearer stack more than one jewelry above another to create their own signature style and identity. This concept is unique and Cobalt International (CobaltBkk), the exclusive distributor for M. Cohen in Thailand recently hosted a successful event on “Art of Stacking” featuring M. Cohen collections.
Lastly the question is, men since ages have been decorating themselves with jewelries in one form or another, then why stop now?
Get yourselves M.Cohen jewelry exclusively on Cobalt International (Cobaltbkk), Bangkok, Thailand.


Beaches and Ecotours
25 - 85/person
these are half to full day tours
(ziplining,beach chairs, horsebackriding- extra fee)
Tours range from 2 to 2.5 hours
A) Old Havana - Visit restored Old Havana (UNESCO world heritage site)and delight in its history.
B) Classic Car Tour-Go back in time as you tour through the city in a classic car (color of your choice/if available). * 1 hr tour
C) Afro-Cuban Spirituality - Learn about how the mixture of African and Spanish people in Cuba changed their religion.Visit Regla and more.
D) Afro-Cuban History - Lead by a noted historian explore the rich history of the African and Spanish mixture in the island.
E) Modern Havana- Wonder how the Revolution has changed Cuba? Explore modern sites to places that used to be owned by the Mafia and foreign vacationers.
F) Miramar:The Beverly Hills of Cuba
Experience how the other half of Cuba lives as you visit the quivalent of Cuba's Beverly Hills and Fifth Avenue.
G) Hemingway's Havana- Visit Hemingway's favorite places as he enjoyed the essence of Havana.
H) Hauntings and Romance - A professor of history leads you through this famous place with true tales that seem mythical.
I) Museum Tour : Visit 3 museums of your choice from the Museo de Ron, Museo de Bellas Artes, Museo de la Revolucion, Museo de Danza and more!
A2) Playas del Oeste - A wonderful community beach with a party atmosphere.
B2) Varadero- The most famous beach in Cuba with clear waters and great water sports.Located near international resorts.
C2) Soroa Waterfall and Orchid Garden- Enjoy swimming and relaxing under the waterfall, hike and visit the famous Orchid Garden.
D2) Vinales - Visit tobacco plantations and learn how those unique Cuban cigars are made.Venture through indigenous caves and see how the first Cubans lived.
E2) Las Terrazas - Enjoy hiking, ziplining, horseback riding through the sweet rivers of Las Terrazas.
F2) Underwater Cuba- Discover Cuba's underwater beauty. Snorkel or scuba. Scuba includes a certification, equipment and your photo/video taken (additional price for scuba).
AMP Cuba Ground Tours


What's In A Name?
And how does what we call something define our perception of it? Anyone who has been called a mean nickname or teased by peers understands that while sticks and stones may break bones, words actually can hurt.
Cannabis has been a controversy for almost a century. Some consider it a miracle of nature, while others the work of the Devil. As modern mainstream culture becomes increasingly plant-friendly, our naming conventions and terminology have started to take center stage. The term “Marijuana” has deep roots, but are these roots steeped in racism and fear?
Happy Days: The 1850’s
The magical plant known as Cannabis became popular among the elite in Europe and America in the late 1800’s. It was revered as a natural healer and “designer drug” attracting literary celebrities and Royalty alike who used the herb for a multitude of applications.
“Throughout the 19th century, Americans used the word “cannabis” when referring to the plant. Pharmaceutical companies like Bristol-Myers Squib and Eli Lilly used cannabis in medicines — widely sold in U.S. pharmacies — to treat insomnia, migraines and rheumatism. From 1840 to 1900, U.S. scientific journals published hundreds of articles touting the therapeutic benefits of cannabis.”
Immigration And The Rise of American Xenophobia
In the wake of the 1910 Mexican revolution, the U.S. saw mass migration of Mexican immigrants. Along with it they brought the cannabis smoking habit and the word “Marijuana”.
At the same time the U.S. was starting to see an increase in immigration, the California Board of Pharmacy began to crack down on narcotics. Originally aimed at Opiates, the bill passed in 1913 included Marijuana to “prevent the spread of cannabis use by ‘Hindoo’ immigrants”. While Cannabis was still the term widely used at this time, “Marijuana” began creeping into American vernacular along with its racist undertones.
The Racist Angle
Here’s where things get kinda crazy. In the 1930’s America experienced The Great Depression. At the same time, the U.S. saw a continued influx of immigrants.
As we’ve seen in more recent history, with great strife come fear, chaos, and the search for someone to blame. Americans let fear take hold and began to associate cannabis with a low-class, immigrant, corrupt image, calling it “Marijuana” to drive home its “exotic” nature.
The Original Gangsters: Harry Anslinger, William Randolph Hearst & The Dupont Family
Playing off public fears and racism, and to help push his prohibition agenda, FBI Director Harry Anslinger created a campaign against the plant, solidifying its identity as a foreign invasion of American borders.
"Marijuana is the most violence-causing drug in the history of mankind… Most marijuana smokers are Negroes, Hispanics, Filipinos and entertainers. Their satanic music, jazz and swing, result from marijuana usage.” – Harry Anslinger
When campaigning against the plant, he would exclusively use the term “Marijuana” in order to drive home the herbs “foreign” identity.
At the same time, the tyrannically racist Wiliam Randolph Hearst began using his publishing power to campaign against the “evils of Marijuana”. In concert with the Dupont family, who wanted to prevent the cultivation of hemp in order to secure their monopoly of plastics and paper manufacturing, Hearst used his empire to create hysteria over “Reefer Madness”.
These smear campaigns lead to the successful passing of the Marijuana act of 1937, officially criminalizing the plant and classifying it as a schedule 1 drug, along with Heroin and LSD. It has remained a Schedule 1 drug ever since.
Only today, in 2016, are we starting to see the paradigm shift back toward the acceptance and understanding once held by Kings, Queens and the intelligencia of old. But there is still so much more to do.
Knowledge is power. The more we understand about this amazing plant, the more good we, and it, can do.


I played in a band called "STACK MUDROCK" in the late 70's. It was made up of Seekonk, MA hometown rockers Ricky Vinniti, Donny Azulay, and Michael Khouri. I auditioned for a "TOP 40" band called "ARROW" out of Narragansett, RI in 78' and played with them for about a year then joined the band "ROUNDHOUSE" out of Brockton,MA and played with them through the mid 80's.
I had an original three piece band called "geo" and did openers for headliners in the Providence, RI area with the legendary Tom "TP" Petteruti of "BRASS ATTACK" and Bass Player/Singer/Songwriter Michael Khouri.
Occasionally, horn player Dan Moretti would sit in!!!


On August 8, 1854, John Pitts deeded five acres of land for the purpose of a place of public worship for the Methodist Episcopal Church South. It was called Providence Campground and Meeting House. A bush arbor, church and tents were used for worship. In 1879, B.F. Arney donated a site across the Burke County line for the location of the Dry Pond Methodist Church and erection of a new building. When the church moved, the name was changed to Arney’s Chapel.
In 1927 plans were perfected for the building of the current day Bethel United Methodist Church in Hickory NC. The building committee was composed of B.L. Marlow, Guy Frye, J.R. Abee, Walter Winkler, J.P. Whitener and Eugene Abee. The first services were held in the new Church on December 22, 1929.
We have several members of our church who can claim membership back to the time when Bethel United Methodist Church was known as Arney’s Chapel. The Yates family, Whitener family, Abee family, Frye family and Marlow family; were all founding members and members of these founding families are still worshiping at Bethel United Methodist Church in Hickory NC today. In 1969 an addition of classrooms and a fellowship hall were started.
Families have given Bethel United Methodist Church many things. Many donations and lots of hard work have provided the church with improved facilities and replacement of old and worn out materials. The current family of Bethel UMC appreciates the hard work and dedication of these founding families for providing us a beautiful sanctuary to worship in. Without their sacrifices, Bethel United Methodist Church in Hickory NC would not be the awesome Church that it is today. May God bless them all.


In 1971, Janet and I married and the Lord blessed our marriage with three children: Jeremy, Holly, and Janell. Ten years after we married, in November of 1981, the Lord called me to become the pastor of Grace Baptist Church in Amarillo, TX. While the church was housed in a large building, the congregation was small, in decline, and unable to maintain the property as needed. Grace supported a small group of missionaries at a meager amount by today's standards, and there were 12 adults in the only adult Sunday School class we offered when we first arrived.
Sometime after being at Grace, the church relocated and was renamed Arden Road Baptist Church. In the years that God allowed me to pastor the church, we watched as God blessed the ministry. The church grew from an average attendance of 93 in 1982 to a little over 500 each Sunday morning. Most importantly, over the 30 years of ministry at ARBC, we were able to see souls saved, baptized, and added to the church. We were blessed to see numerous people surrender to full-time service, attend bible college and enter full-time ministry.
In September, 2015, after 34 years of pastoring the church, I transitioned from from pastor into "retirement". The church was gracious enough to bestow upon me the title of Pastor Emeritus which means "earned his discharge". While the roles have obviously changed, Janet and I are still members of Arden Road Baptist Church and maintain a wonderful relationship with the church family and the new pastor, Aaron Denson. Pictured to the right is the Sunday we retired and Bro. Denson began the pastorate of ARBC.


approximationsselect an image to view the work in full with details
Small sections of the most distressed area of a group of personal photographs, taken around 1948 in South Africa, the year of the parliamentary election that represented a turning point in the country's history, have been extraxted, enlarged and printed to the scale of the actual spaces and objects depicted. The surface of the image is held in place by a welded steel geometric polygon mesh, a digitized 3d CAD representation from the original paper photograph. Image and form are fused to function as a lens looking at both the past, by way of imagery carried on the surface that captures specific autobiographical moments, while remaining rooted in the present, by way of the object’s digitally derived facture. This process enables me to question how objects and images build and shed meaning over time within a screen-based culture. 2012 - 2014.


Now THIS is recycling...
Considering the economy and desire to live more greenly, some of the following recycling ideas are interesting reading (to see the full text, visit http://victoriandecorating.blogspot.com/2007/02/victorian-home-perhaps-not-quite-what.html ).
The Victorians were great believers in waste not want not, they saved and reused everything. Sheets were expected to last 5 to 7 years, when they were worn down the center, you cut them in half and stitched the 2 outside edges together and used them some more. Later they would be used as dust covers, after that they would be torn up into strips for bandages or given to the poor. In Britain after 1875, refuse removalbecame an obligation of the city. Before that you had to handle it on your own. Anything paper could be burned in the kitchen stove, but clean paper was re-used. Some of it was cut up and used for toilet paper, which did not become commercially available till some time after the invention of the flush toilet. Paper was also recycled to make ‘spills’ which were long strips of twisted paper used to light fires.There were many street traders who went door to door buying used items.This was true in every major city and town. Paper was bought by paper mills and manufacturers of paper mache furniture and ornaments. Dealers bought iron, metal, wood, lead, and old bottles. Old textiles and bones were bought by the rag and bone man who sold these things to paper mills, glue, gelatin, match, toothpick and fertilizer manufacturers.Any kitchen waste that could not be re-used or burned in the stove was dumped into a bucket. A thrifty cook had very little to throw out. The contents of the bucket was called “wash”. A washman came regularly to buy it, it was then sold as “hog-wash”, or pig swill. There was a big demand for it. Many working people in London kept pigs in their back yard to make extra money. An unscrupulous cook could tell her employer that she needed money to pay the man to take the wash away, then collect from the wash man too.Fish heads were used to make soup, the water vegetables were cooked in was used to make gravy, as were plate scrapings and unfinished wine. Tea leaves were rinsed and scattered over carpets to help collect the dust when sweeping, then burned in the stove. Leftover tea was used to wash windows. In the US, cities had garbage removal. In Boston, during the 1870's there were 2 collections a week in winter and 3 a week in summer. New York City had regular trash collection by the mid 1800's. Trash was deposited in garbage boxes or ash barrels, and on windy days refuse would go flying down the streets.
Before refrigeration the best they could do in a city house was to use a cool cellar or a tiled room with a north facing wall. In the countryside you had the springhouse or a storage cellar of some kind. There were many ways to try to extend the shelf life of food. It was recommended that you check your meat regularly, and powder it with ginger or pepper against flies. Charcoal was also used to help keep it fresh and remove any bad odors. Scalded milk stayed drinkable for more hours than fresh. To keep it for several days you’d add grated horse radish to it. Eggs could be boiled and packed in sawdust and kept for 3 months.
Imagine doing all this yourself without any help, or even with the aid of a maid or daughter. That's one reason for the old tradition of Monday--washing ; Tuesday -- ironing ; Wednesday something else, can't recall offhand. There was a major job to be done every day but Sunday, because these jobs took up the whole day. It's why young girls took on so many wifely tasks at such an early age. In America, by the way, the term servant was not used much, except by the highest classes. Most referred to them as "hired help", it was more democratic.
The Victorian city dwelling woman was constantly fighting a battle against dust. This was not the kind of dust that we are used to. It was dried city mud, with particles of decaying animal and vegetable matter, horse droppings, etc. Coal dust and soot were everywhere, from the smoke pouring out of the chimneys to the coals as they were carried about the rooms from fireplace to fireplace, to the ashes that had to constantly be swept and gotten rid of. Soot was thrown out by the fires and blackened everything. People would cover surfaces and wash the covers regularly. However, over time the covers became more and more decorative and less and less washable. The covers now needed covers. Can you see where this is heading as far as Victorian decorating goes? It was advised that you should have 3 hairbrushes. One to start the day out with a clean brush, the second to be washed and set to dry for the following day, the third to lend to a friend if she needed it. A woman remarked that it was impossible to keep your hair clean “ our brushes look black after one using”. If your hair got that dirty in one day, with a hat on when you went outside, imagine how filthy your clothes and furniture would be.


Former Democratic Presidents Obama and Clinton honored former Vice President Walter Mondale after his death on Monday.
Obama on Twitter shared that Mondale “championed progressive causes and changed the role of VP—so leaders like @JoeBiden could be the last ones in the room when decisions were made.”
He also lauded Mondale for choosing former New York Rep. Geraldine Ferraro as his running mate in 1984 during his bid for the White House against former President Reagan. Ferraro was the first woman from a major party to be on a presidential ticket.
“In selecting Geraldine Ferraro, he also paved the way for (Vice President Harris to make history,” Obama tweeted.
Walter Mondale championed progressive causes and changed the role of VP—so leaders like @JoeBiden could be the last ones in the room when decisions were made. In selecting Geraldine Ferraro, he also paved the way for @VP to make history. Michelle and I send prayers to his family.
— (@BarackObama) April 20, 2021
Clinton on Monday shared that Mondale “believed in the power of government to make a positive difference in people’s lives, and proved it at every stage of his remarkable career.”
The former vice president served as ambassador to Japan under Clinton from 1993 to 1996.
Walter Mondale believed in the power of government to make a positive difference in people’s lives, and proved it at every stage of his remarkable career—with deep policy knowledge, a tireless work ethic, and uncommon decency. Hillary and I loved him and will miss him very much.
— (@BillClinton) April 20, 2021
Mondale died of natural causes at the age of 93 in his Minnesota home. The longtime lawmaker was surrounded by his immediate family, Kathy Tunheim, a spokesperson for the family, confirmed to The Hill.
Prior to serving as vice president during former President Carter’s single term in the Oval Office, Mondale represented Minnesota in the Senate for 12 years.
Carter honored his former vice president on Monday, calling him “the best vice president in our country’s history.”
“During our administration, Fritz used his political skill and personal integrity to transform the vice presidency into a dynamic, policy-driving force that had never been seen before and still exists today,” Carter said in a Monday statement. “He was an invaluable partner and an able servant of the people of Minnesota, the United States, and the world.”
Mondale is survived by two sons, Ted and William Mondale, in addition to a brother and six grandchildren. He was preceded in death by his wife, Joan, and his daughter, Eleanor.
#Obama #Clinton #reflect #Mondales #legacy


Copier. Photocopier. Copy Machine. Photocopy Machine. Whatever you refer to them as, the technique known as Xerography has single-handedly changed the way office spaces run and function today. The evolution of the infamous copy machine has spanned over six decades and a wide array of corporations taking their shot at ongoing innovation.
Since its creation in 1938 and eventual publication in 1959, the copy machine has gone through a lot of upgrades and technological advances. Keep reading to learn more about the history and evolution of the Copy Machine.
What is Xerography?
Dictionary.com defines Xerography as an electrostatic printing process for copying text or graphics whereby areas on a sheet of paper corresponding to the image areas of the original are sensitized with a charge of static electricity so that, when powdered with a toner carrying an opposite charge, only the charged areas retain the toner, which is then fused to the paper to make it permanent. Franking Sense summarized the process, saying “The technology was based around using a zinc plate, microscope slides, sulphur powder and used a bright light to create a heat reaction.”
Inside a Copy Machine, a cylinder-like object called the drum is electrically charged. The electrically charged drum then attracts the toner. Since opposites attract, the positively-charged toner adheres to the negatively charged areas of the drum, forming whatever image is being copied.
The positively-charged toner won’t adhere to the parts of the drum that contain no charge, only the areas of the drum that are negatively charged – the image you’re wanting copied. Since the toner is heat sensitive, the second the toner is transferred to the sheet of paper, it permanently seals itself, making an exact copy. How Stuff Works summarizes Xerography by saying, “At its heart, a copier works because of one basic physical principle: opposite charges attract.”
Meaning Behind the Name Xerography
Xerography wasn’t always Xerography. At one point in time, it was considered Electrophotography. In 1947, The Haloid Company became interested in marketing the copy machine invented by Chester Carlson. “It was decided around this time that the phrase ‘electrophotography’ was too complex, so, after consultation with a linguist, they chose the word ‘Xerography,’ which means ‘dry writing’ in Greek,” says Franking Sense.
Later, after acquiring rights and selling the uber-successful 914 Copy Machine in 1959, the Haloid Company changed its name to Xerox Corporation in 1961. Since then, the term ‘Xerox’ has been known in virtually every office building in America. In some instances, the term ‘Xerox’ can even be used as a verb, meaning to make copies of something.
Brief History of the Copy Machine
In October of 1938, Chester Carlson wrote on a piece of paper, “10-22-38 ASTORIA;” This is the date and location of the first xerographic image. However, it wouldn’t be until 20 years later that the first-ever commercial copier — the 914 copier — would be introduced.
Before his discovery that changed the way office spaces functioned throughout the world, Carlson attended a nearby junior college, majoring in Chemistry. He later went on to major in and graduate with a degree in Physics from the California Institute of Technology. Once the Great Depression hit, Carlson was laid off from his job as a research engineer and began a job at an electronic firm while putting himself through New York Law School at night. However, the Depression hadn’t been easy for him or his wife. He is credited by the Xerox Corporation’s “The Story of Xerography” as saying:
“It was kind of a struggle, so I thought the possibility of making an invention might kill two birds with one stone: It would be a chance to do the world some good and also a chance to do myself some good.”
In the span of five years, Carlson was turned down by more than 20 companies. It wasn’t until 1944 that the Battelle Memorial Institute became interested in his creation. Three years later, the Battelle Memorial Institute entered into an agreement with The Haloid Company, which would later become known as Xerox Corporation.
Brief History of the Copy Machine
- 1938 – The first ever Xerographic image was created by Chester Carlson in his apartment in Queens, NY. The copy read “10-22-38 ASTORIA.”
- 1959 – Xerox 914 Copy Machine was invented. This would become the first ever xerographic machine made for the commercial market. Years later, the 914 was sped up and became the 420 and 720 models.
- 1963 – Xerox introduces the Xerox 813. This copier was small enough to fit on a desk, making it more accessible for individual use. Similar to the 914, this machine was eventually upgraded to the 330 and 660 models. Later, it became the 740 desktop microfiche printer.
- 1964 – Xerox launches the LDX (Long Distance Xerography) System. Xerox claims this is “the first practical means of transmitting copies between two points using a microwave channel, coaxial cable, or special telephone lines.” This system incorporated both the printer and the scanner, making it the first of its kind, and signaled the rise of the modern-day Fax Machine. “The LDX System was the beginning of commercial fax as we know it,” says Xerox.
- 1966 – The Xerox 2400 is unveiled. This was Xerox’s first Duplicator. A Duplicator is different from a copy machine in that it “does not use heat, making it a low power-consuming machine,” says Gakken. 2400 in the name signifies how many print copies the machine can make in an hour.
- 1968-’69 – 3M unveiled the first ever color copier, Color-in-Color, and released it to the public in 1969.
- 1973 – Xerox 6500 is introduced as the first electrostatic color copier.
- 1974 – Xerox introduces its Xerox 9200 Duplicating System. This version was eventually upgraded to the 9400 and 9500 versions.
- 1975 – Antitrust Laws. Xerox had to disclose its patent system, resulting in a surge of other companies producing their versions of the copier, making the market more competitive.
- 1975 – Today – Since the Antitrust Law in 1975, many corporations such as IBM, Canon, Sharp, Konica Minolta, Toshiba, HP and many others have made their mark on the copy world and have introduced their respective products and machines.
Today, copiers have become more and more technologically advanced. With new technologies like printing, scanning and faxing all done in one copy machine. The size has also fluctuated in that time. Originally getting smaller for more convenience, the copy machine then gradually began increasing in size once many different processes and techniques were put into one machine. This saved space in offices by having one machine do the job of many as opposed to many smaller machines taking up more office space.


Panyu District or Pun Yue District (simplified Chinese: 番禺区; traditional Chinese: 番禺區; Mandarin Pinyin: Pānyú Qū;; Jyutping: Pun1jyu4 keoi1) is a district of Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. It used to be a county-level city before it was incorporated in the administration of Guangzhou. The name of Panyu dates back to the completion of the conquest of Guangdong by Qin Shi Huang. It was the old name of present-day Guangzhou. It covers an area of about 661.88 square kilometres (255.55 sq mi).


Durham is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1904 to 1968, and since 1988. It was created in 1903 from Durham East and Durham West ridings. It consisted of the county of Durham. The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was merged into Northumberland—Durham ridings.
It was recreated in 1987 from parts of Northumberland—Durham and Ontario ridings. The second incarnation of the riding was initially defined to consist of the Town of Newcastle, the townships of Scugog and Uxbridge, Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation, the part of the City of Oshawa lying north of Rossland Road and the allowance for road in front of lots 1, 2, 3 and 4, Concession 3, and the part of the Town of Whitby lying north of Taunton Road.
In 1996, it was redefined again to consist of the Township of Scugog, the Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation, the Town of Clarington, and the part of the City of Oshawa lying north of a line drawn from west to east along Taunton Road, south along Ritson Road North, east along Rossland Road East, south along Harmony Road North, and east along King Street East. The electoral district was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed between Clarington—Scugog—Uxbridge, Oshawa and Whitby—Oshawa ridings.
In 2004, “Clarington—Scugog—Uxbridge” was renamed “Durham” riding. Consisting of that part of the Regional Municipality of Durham comprised of the townships of Uxbridge and Scugog; the Municipality of Clarington; and the Mississaugas of Scugog Island.
Today Durham is comprised of the part of Oshawa North of Taunton, the township of Scugog and the part of Clarington that is West of Cobbledick Road below the 401 and West of Regional Road 42 above it.


Michael C. Maibach was the first American elected to public office under 21 years of age in US history when elected to the Dekalb County Board in his native Illinois in 1972. After completing a BA and MA in Political Science at Northern Illinois University, he served as an Illinois State Senate Legislative Fellow. In 1976 Maibach joined the Caterpillar Tractor Co., first as a machine shop foreman, then as a Government Affairs Manager in Illinois, California and Washington DC. He opened CAT’s California Government Affairs Office in 1979. While in California he earned a BA in American and Latin American History at California State University.
In 1983 – as America moved to The Information Age – Maibach was recruited by the four founders of the Intel Corporation to establish their Government Affairs Department while serving as assistant to Intel Chairman Dr. Robert Noyce. Maibach opened Intel Government Affairs Offices in Washington, Brussels, Beijing and elsewhere, building a worldwide team of 150 public affairs managers as Intel’s first Vice President of Global Government Affairs. Mr. Maibach was a leading spokesman for America’s electronics industry on trade and technology policy, testifying 16 times before the US Congress. His engagements included the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act, the US-Japan Semiconductor Trade Agreement, the National Cooperative Research and Development Act, the R&D Tax Credit, SEMATECH funding, the GATT Uruguay Round, the 21st Century Patent Reform Act…and China’s WTO membership. He was involved in President Reagan’s Commission on Industrial Competitiveness, as well as President GHW Bush’s National Advisory Committee on Semiconductors. In 1992 he was a candidate for the US Congress from the Silicon Valley. While at Intel Maibach earned a BS in International Business at American University, and an MA in Political Philosophy at Georgetown University.
In 2003 Mr. Maibach became the President & CEO of the European-American Business Council and built it from bankruptcy to a group of 75 global companies with offices in Washington and Brussels. While at the EABC he completed an MA degree in International Relations at the Institute of World Politics, and an MA in American History and Government at Ashland University.
Today Maibach is the Managing Director of the James Wilson Institute, and a Distinguished Fellow on American Federalism at Save Our States. He gives speeches around the Nation on the Founders’ Constitution and its ingenious Electoral College design. Mr. Maibach serves on the Boards of the Witherspoon Institute, the Russell Kirk Center, the James Wilson Institute, the Davenant Institute, the American Council of Trustees and Alumni, Benedictine College’s Center For Constitutional Liberty, the Institute of World Politics…and the Society of Classical Poets.
For more information go to: www.Maibach.us


Organic Farm Products & Compost Tea
About Buxton Hollow Farm
Buxton Hollow Farm is an 18th century family farm and a leading producer of certified organic compost tea. Today, the farm has evolved tenfold while replicating the Buxton Family Farm’s nursery, gardens, and orchards generating large amounts of biodegradables. We are able to turn waste into an asset of compost, a product highly sought after by Organic farmers, gardeners, and landscapers.
Keeping quality and the safety of the environment as our main priorities, our farm converts compost into Buxton Hollow Farm® Compost Tea that is sold to natural/organic home gardeners as a powerful soil innoculant that provides a full spectrum of organic nutrients and minerals. With our innovative product, we strive to accommodate those who enjoy growing their own garden without the use of chemical fertilizers or pesticides. We are pleased to have developed a completely natural and quality product to aid the health conscious and environmentally friendly gardner.
The Buxton Family - Truly American Forefathers
Englishman Anthony Buxton immigrated to the Colonies in the early 1600’s. His 11th son Joseph 1663-1752 was born in Salem during the infamous Witch Hunts and grew up during the religious persecutions. Joseph’s Pastor, Roger Williams, suggested he take his family to the Northern Rhode Island area, a location that would provide the safety to practice their Quaker religion without persecution.
Grandson to Joseph, Captain James Buxton 1745-1817 was commissioned by John Hancock to serve under second in command, Colonel Benjamin Tupper (ancestor of Tupperware). James became a revolutionary war hero while stationed at Valley Forge during the infamous winter of 1777-1778 and again in the Battle at Saratoga. For his heroism and after the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress awarded 300 acres to James. Today it is still home to Buxton Hollow Farm.
Birth of Slatersville & The Farm
Later in James’ life, the Buxton Farm provided Samuel and John Slater the lumber for the floors and roofs for the first planned Mill Community in the United States. Over the years, as the Slatersville Mill Village grew, it eventually employed approximately 10,000 people. Buxton Farm provided farm products to support that work force and to the surrounding community. From then until the beginning of World War II, for over 200 years Buxton Farm was a true example of sustainable farming.
One of the two original Slatersville Mill buildings was designed specifically to employ children. Anthony Buxton (son of James) a great humanitarian became an opponent of the mill’s terrible working conditions. He fought for what eventually became the Child Labor Laws that we know today. Anthony was also one of the very first to recognize the rights of the indigenous people forced to live and work in what were horrible conditions.