Ditchling Archery Club was formed in 1973 by a group of people who wanted to start an archery club in the area. A public meeting was called and from the attendance at that, it was apparent that there was sufficient interest to form a club. The venue chosen was Whitemans Green, Cuckfield and the club was initially called Ye Cuckfield Bowmen. The ‘Ye’ part was, thank goodness, dropped some years ago.
The problem with shooting at Whitemans Green was that it was a public park and when the local Council heard that there was an archery club shooting there they quickly stepped in and suggested an alternative, safer venue of St Wilfrids School, Haywards Heath. The club shot there for some years and the quality of the archery improved to such an extent that three members of the club shot for the Sussex team. However, the club was severely restricted for storage space and so a move was made in mid-1977 back to Cuckfield to the Youth Club ground in London Lane.
Here the club continued to grow and was soon over 30 members. Unfortunately, the Youth Club was closed in 1979 and the club was forced to move yet again. Enquiries were made at the village of Ansty, but just prior to deciding to move there the chance arose to move to the Sydney West Sports Centre in Burgess Hill. Being in the centre of the town this was the much better option so the club moved to there instead.
From 1979 to 1984 the club prospered, with the membership reaching 40 by 1982. But the Sydney West Centre itself was struggling and in late 1984 sold out to Mid Sussex District Council to clear their debts. Of course, once the Council took over, the rent for the use of the facilities started to rise at such a rate that it became obvious that the club could no longer afford to stay at that venue.
Enquiries were made locally, during which we learned that there was a medieval archery field at Ditchling.
We approached the Parish Council who said that the medieval field had a pathway down one side of it but we would be welcome to shoot on the rugby field. A large precast concrete garage was obtained as a storage shed, and erected in one corner of the field, and the club moved into its present home in April 1987.
Since the move to Ditchling the club has continued to grow with membership peaking at 67 a few years ago. We have the usual mix of recurve, compound and longbow archers but perhaps the club’s greatest achievement was winning Division I of the Sussex Albion League in 1993.


On October 15th my Grandfather passed away after living a full life of 101 years. Below is his obituary from the Times.
Principled physician who, as editor of The Lancet, lent a radical tone to medical journalism
As editor of The Lancet from 1965 to 1976, Ian Douglas-Wilson joined a long series of radical editors which went all the way back to John Wakley who worked with the social reformer, William Cobbett, in the 1820s.
Douglas-Wilson’s predecessor, Sir Theodore Fox, was a pacifist ambulance driver in the First World War, and The Lancet’s current editor, Richard Horton, has not hesitated to speak out against government “reforms” to the NHS and the last government’s war policies.
After taking part in the D-Day landings, Douglas-Wilson found himself treating shellshocked troops. He committed his experiences to paper, and his article on what was to become known as post-traumatic stress disorder was published in the British Medical Journal.
He was one of the first Allied medics to enter Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Later, he would tell his family that he felt guilty because the first British troops to arrive fed the famished prisoners high-calorie rations and many died because they were unused to food. He kept photos from Belsen in the bottom drawer of his desk. His study doubled as his childrens’ nursery, and they used to open his desk and look in horror at the skeletal bodies of inmates.
After the war he was interviewed for a job at the BMJ, but was advised by its then editor, Hugh Clegg (Nick Clegg’s grandfather), that he was too radical for their publication and that he should apply for a job at The Lancet. He stayed there for 30 years, the last 11 as editor.
Douglas-Wilson was a modest man. When interviewed on BBC, he would insist they didn’t mention his name but refer to him as “Lancet editor”. This modesty didn’t restrict his outspokenness. When Lord Moran, president of the Royal College of Physicians and physician to Winston Churchill, published the former Prime Minister’s personal health details, he felt the lash of Douglas-Wilson’s tongue.
He was a vociferous opponent of routine peer review, believing that it cowed original research. Under his editorship, potential contributors received a quick response which gave them time to search out alternative publications if articles were refused.
Douglas-Wilson was an early advocate of receiving osteopathy into the medical “family” and after his retirement was delighted when acupuncture was accepted into the NHS.
In 1964 Douglas-Wilson travelled across Africa and came back to write Health Prospects in Africa. This was one of the first post-colonial observations into illness and health care provision on that continent.
His radical approach to medical journalism was reflected in his personal life. Returning from Germany in 1945, he and his wife Betty invited German PoWs to spend Christmas with them and their children. The Douglas-Wilsons sent money to refugees and, in 1956, offered a home to two students who had fled from Budapest during the Hungarian Revolution.
There were always interesting people visiting the Douglas-Wilson home in Bromley, Kent. His Danish friend, Karl Hendrick Koster, arrived each Christmas, looking a bit like Santa with his two-metre frame and Viking beard. This was the man who had helped Jews escape to Sweden and who, after his death, was the subject of the Disney film, Miracle at Midnight.
Douglas-Wilson’s closest friend was Thomas Dormandy, a chemical pathologist and leader writer for The Lancet. Dormandy (obituary, May 15, 2013) covered a range of topics from medical ethics to Chekhov and the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition. Dormandy was himself a painter and author. Until his death he would regularly turn up at Douglas-Wilson’s care home to read him instalments of his latest book.
Douglas-Wilson’s wife Betty died on Millennium Eve, aged 91, and he spent the next 13 years on his own until he had to enter a care home. His sense of humour lasted to the end. In the final months of his life, he suffered from dementia and his son remembers a ramble on one visit which involved setting sail across the North Sea. Douglas-Wilson concluded with, “I don’t know what I am talking about, nor do you.”
As an editor, he was a stickler for proper use of language. Here he followed George Orwell, all of whose works were on his book shelf. “Good writing is like a window pane,” wrote Orwell, and Douglas-Wilson followed his advice. He treasured examples of deficient punctuation, such as “Let’s eat granny”, or unintended ambiguity such as the Daily Express headline at the time of the El Alamein campaign in 1942: “British Push Bottles Up Germans”.
Orwell wasn’t on his shelves just for the clarity of his prose. Douglas-Wilson liked him for his no-nonsense honesty. “Do remember,” wrote Orwell, “that dishonesty and cowardice always have to be paid for.”
Douglas-Wilson lived by these words, honest to his family and friends and never afraid to stand up for the sick, the displaced and difficult causes. He was an early supporter of CND and took his teenage son on one of the first Aldermaston marches.
Unloved by a cold mother, Douglas-Wilson had difficulty releasing his emotions. At home, he spent all his time at his desk, poring over next week’s editorial and covering the floor with rolls of copy text, children banished to their bedrooms or the garden.
He retired early to nurse his sick wife and his capacity to love and be loved increased. With a growing family, he ended his long life giving and receiving empathy and compassion.
When his son cleared his desk after his death, the Belsen photos were no longer there. Nor was the family tree that a cousin had meticulously prepared — suggesting that Douglas-Wilson wanted to walk through life unencumbered with his own history
He leaves two daughters and a son.
Dr Ian Douglas-Wilson, physician and editor of The Lancet, 1964-76, was born on May 12, 1912. He died on October 15, 2013, aged 101


Gerrard 4 England Umbro Away Shirt 2008-2010 .
Used from February to November2008
When Fabio Capello became coach, at the beginning of 2008, he picked a different captain for each of his first four games, Gerrard became once in this shirt. He wore number 10 at that time.
A shirt that was reminiscent of the 1982 red Admiral shirt, with its navy and white flashes across the collarbone, was worn only five times over a period of nine months, and marked the end of the distinctive Umbro style of the past eight years.
Its debut, alongside that of England’s new Italian coach, was shoe-horned into a friendly against the normally red-shirted Switzerland. According to Umbro, its twill mesh body fabric ensured that it was lightweight and breathable.
If the design wasn’t that original, at least fans of new technology could rejoice in the QR (Quick Read) code in the label of the replica version. Scanning it with their mobile phones enabled them to access a unique website for fans of Umbro and England. A truly momentous event.
On the field, the players in this shirt performed well. It was memorable for David Beckham’s hundredth appearance and it even saw a rare England away win in Germany, before the shirt was retired, perhaps a little prematurely, due to the fact that Nike had acquired Umbro and subsequent designs were about to go retro on a grand scale. England were to go through 2009, without using a change kit at all.
Made in China
Size M – armpit to armpit 20.5”, collar to front hem length 27”
Teammates – David Beckham, Rio Ferdinand, John Terry, Gareth Barry, Jermain Jenas, John Terry, Matthew Upson, Shaun Wright-Phillips


Developed a fully automatic filling and clipping machine, the first one in Japan
Shozo Omori and wrapping machine maker Omori Machinery Company sprang into prominence with the development of the Kurehalon Packer. The next remit was to make a fully automatic machine which would not just close the end of the bag but fill a certain amount of meat into the bag with both ends being closed automatically. This was the opportunity that Omori as a mechanic had cherished for a long time; to realize the dream of creating a fully automated machine.
But this was a machine nobody had yet made in Japan. Omori absorbed himself in this development. After struggling against heavy odds for over 2 years, in 1960 he finally completed the first Fully Automated filling and clipping machine in Japan satisfactorily.
When the new machine was switched on, it sent out the packaged sausage automatically like magic. The deputy plant manager of Rinken Industry Shimonoseki Plant, who requested the development of this epoch-making mechanism was struck with admiration. This machine known as OKKP New Packer started a revolution in the foodstuff and wrapping machine industry.
New development with the belief "To make a machine useful for humans".
In 1961 Omori Machinery Industry built a new factory in a 3 storied, reinforced concrete building. The company was now gaining a reputation as a Wrapping machine maker both in name and reality. A new opportunity arose in 1962. This was a proposal from the joint venture company Asahi Dow - Asahi Kasei in Japan and Dow Chemical, an American chemical company. It wanted to develop an automatic filling/tying machine aiming at mass sales of Saran film, a product of the company. It had obtained the know-how of a Machine by the American Mayer Cartridge Company and wanted to produce this machine domestically.
This development was a first experience for the Omori Company as it first had to read and understand the drawing made by the American maker. As a result a fully automated vertical filling and clipping machine was completed. This machine was called A.D.P. (Asahi Dow Packer) and over 1000 machines were produced and sold globally until around 1977.
Amazing progress by successively developing new products ahead of their time
To make a machine beneficial to people. To make a machine nobody has yet made. Rise to the challenge of difficult remits. With such attitudes and beliefs held by Shozo Omori, the wrapping machine maker Omori Machinery Company started to make steady progress. The Solid Item Automatic Wrapping Machine OKK New Wrapper was completed in 1964. This new wrapper came into rapid widespread use as the wrapping machine for the instant Ramen noodles.
In 1967 Sausage and Loose item wrapping plant No.1 machines were delivered to the user plant that was the beginning of a new policy of wrapping line formation and system installation.
In 1971 the High Speed Deep Draw automatic vacuum wrapping machine FV-501 type was developed along with an automatic feed device. In 1973 an Automatic Vertical Pillow Wrapping machine for liquid foods and the automatic Raw Konyaku packing line were completed. In 1974 the stretch wrapping machine ST-6090 was developed which received the “5th Automated Machine Development Award" from the Machine Promotion Association. Omori Machinery Industry had continued to make amazingly rapid progress since its founding.
In 1975 they developed Practical Wrapper C-27 and Deep Draw type Vacuum wrapping machine MS-20 to meet demand for a low cost simple wrapping machine. In 1978-80 Omori introduced the Skin type Vacuum packaging system machine for sliced ham, an Automatic Tray Forming Skin Type Vacuum Packaging Machine, and the multi-lane Form Fill Seal Sachet Machine for powder PF-800, were developed. In March 1980 development of the computer controlled High Speed Ham Slicer HM-600 was successfully completed as a follow-up to the Robot type Sliced Ham Automated feed. The unmanned production line from Slicer to FV Deep Draw Vacuum Wrapping Machine was complete.
During this period the Company made steady inroads to foreign markets through Technical Tie-up and Sales Agency agreements with companies in UK, Netherlands and USA respectively.
In 1967, Shozo Omori helped establish the Japan Packaging Machinery Association, and assumed the position of Founding Chairman.
In 1980 his brilliant, individual achievement was acknowledged with a Blue Ribbon Award.
Reading the company history gives the impression of a ship running before a favorable wind in full sail. However, needless to say, behind the scenes there were blood & sweat efforts not only by Shozo Omori himself but also the Company employees and supporters.
In February 1984, the small Press Die manufacturing plant that became Omori Machinery Company was ready for its next major challenge.


For my bachelor party in 2005, my friends and I descended on New Orleans, pre-Katrina, for a long weekend of debauchery. Just as we arrived, a street grifter, part of the New Orleans patina, said to my brother, “I’ll bet you five dollars I can tell you where you got your shoes.” My brother, hardly a sucker, but possessing enough legacy small town character to be cowed, took the bet thinking, “There’s no way this dude is going to know where I ‘got’ my shoes.”
When the grifter smiled 1000-watts of teeth and said, “You got your shoos ON Bourbon St. in Nawlins, Loueesianna,” my brother looked down at his feet now being swallowed in a sea of asphalt on Bourbon St. and reached for his pocket to pull an Abe Lincoln, smiling at the creative semantics that exposed him as tourist, despite the lack of camera.
The issue of semantics is an interesting one in the art of the con and elsewhere because American wine history is full of semantics, in addition to being good fodder for a wine bar bet.
Formed at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and curling southwesterly to Cairo, Illinois where its mouth meets the Mississippi, the Ohio River traverses the perimeters of Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana where an eddy-like northwestern flare adjoins the three states and an area known as the, “Golden Triangle,” an area commonly believed to be the birthplace of American wine, and still a battleground for wine history.
As a fan of wine history, I’ve read numerous accounts of the attempts at viticulture in the United States. American Vintage, Indiana Wine, and A History of Wine in America all cover similar ground with different protagonists.
As well, longtime readers of this site may recall posts from early 2006 in which I excerpted passages from The American Vine-Dresser’s Guide authored by John James Dufour and published in 1826, the first such American book written about matters of the vine. While re-publishing the book passages failed to hold my (and readers) attention, it did reinforce a 200-year recounting of some of the very earliest attempts at successful viticulture in the U.S.
Aside from underscoring that American wine history is anything but conclusive, these historical accounts glance at the French Huguenots in Florida working with native grapes in the early to mid-1500s while likewise speedily moving past Spanish missionary efforts in Baja California up the California coast. However, what isn’t given short shrift in the annuals of history is the ideological effort to promote U.S. viticulture and wine in the U.S. led by Thomas Jefferson, from Virgina, in the late 1700s and early 1800s. It was Jefferson’s paternal leadership that, ultimately, birthed a wine movement that continued to move west throughout the 1800s before meeting the temperance movement and Prohibition in California.
Aside from Jefferson, what these historical accounts all share is placement of “The Golden Triangle” as the epicenter for wine in the early 1800s.
This revisiting of history became top of mind recently as I did some behind the scenes research for an advertising agency and their client, Kentucky Wine, the grower and consumer marketing organization for the state of Kentucky.
As I read the history on the Kentucky Wine web site, they exclaimed, “America’s commercial wine industry was born in Kentucky in 1798” led by (non-Anglicized) Jean-Jacque Dufour.
“Wait a second,” I thought …
… Indiana claims Vevay, IN, on the banks of the Ohio river, and (the Anglicized) John James Dufour as the basis for, “The first successful wine production in the United States,” a sentiment shared by Dufour himself in The American Vine-Dressers Guide.
Undaunted, by the conflicting accounts, I checked the Ohio Wine site and then cross-referenced against a dog-eared and highlighted copy of American Vintage for corroboration.
Both the Ohio Wine Association and American Vintage cite Nicholas Longworth as successful wine’s forefather with American Vintage noting, “(Longworth) owned the first commercially successful winery in the United States. (He) went on to become American wine’s founding father …”
Untangling this mess, unfortunately, requires an astute eye.
Kentucky had the first *attempted* commercial winery called the Kentucky Vineyard Society based on vitis vinifera cuttings from South Africa and the Cape grape, an effort that ultimately failed.
Indiana had the first successful *vineyard operation* based on Dufour transporting more Cape cuttings from across the river in Kentucky and being able to sell wine for the first time, before failing again.
Meanwhile, some 20 years later, in the 1820s, Longworth chucked the pursuit of the Cape grape and started a successful *winery* that led wine production in the U.S. for thirty years based on a native grape called Catawba, leading the Cincinnati area to be nicknamed, “America’s Rhineland”—a nickname that lives on in the “Over the Rhine” neighborhood.
How does this convoluted wine history help you win a wine bar bet? Good question … it is complicated.
The key to duping a friend after a couple of glasses of wine and a numbing and lengthy discourse on the Golden Triangle, John James Dufour and Nicholas Longworth, is to lull them into a sense of security while they’re dizzy with trying to figure out who founded what and where …
… Simply say to them, “I’ll bet you five bucks you don’t know who is on the $2 bill.”
Anybody who guesses Thomas Jefferson deserves to win, though most won’t, and as I learned early in life, “If you can’t dazzle ‘em with brilliance, baffle ‘em with bullshit” which seems apropos to grifters in New Orleans and the accuracy of most of wine history anyway …


The Palm Beach Arms Collectors Association is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the preservation and collection of historical firearms by its members. We support Second Amendment rights and are proudly affiliated with the National Rifle Association. Some of the proceeds from our gun shows and events are used to support Friends of the NRA for both Broward and Palm Beach counties in Florida.
Our meetings are held on the third Wednesday of every month.
The meeting time is from 7:00 p.m. until 9:30 p.m.
An educational presentation is followed by a business meeting.
All meetings are held at:
The Scottish Rite Masonic Center
2000 North 'D' Street
Lake Worth, Fla. 33460
Dues: $40 application, $40 per year
pro-rated for new members joining
last quarter of the calendar year
Upcoming Palm Beach Arms Collectors events:
PBAC meeting Wednesday, March 21, 2018
Presentation: Tom M. on the Pedersen Device
PBAC meeting Wednesday, April 18, 2018
Presentation: Sal R. on S&Ws Part II
PBAC meeting Wednesday, May 16, 2018
Presentation: George B. on AKs
PBAC meeting Wednesday, June 20, 2018
Presentation: Show and Tell (Bring your own!)
PBAC meeting Wednesday, July 18, 2018
Presentation: Neil on Spanish arms (Astra, etc)
PBAC Day at the Range Sunday, May 20, 2018
Okeechobee Shooting Sports
Meet at Mom's Kitchen 8:00 AM
Next PBAC Gun Show: January 5-6, 2019
The Palm Beach Historical Arms Collectors Association began in 1972 when six like-minded collectors started meeting in a local garage.
Over the years, the organization grew to over two hundred members and began having extremely popular gun shows. Our first gun show was at the Colonnades Hotel. Succeding gun shows have been at the Knights of Columbus Hall, the Palm Beach Auditorium, and the National Guard Armory. We accommodated as many as 350 tables, and became “the show to attend” on the east coast of Florida.
Since then, collector tastes have changed, and so have our members. Our collectors revere and collect firearms starting from the Revolutionary and the Civil Wars, many of the firearms from those periods include original Kentucky Rifles; but we have many more who treasure more contemporary pieces starting from World War II up to the present time.
Currently, our gun shows accomodate approximately 80 tables, and reflect the quality, variety, and taste of our members. This includes handguns, rifles, shotguns, flare guns, edged weapons, militaria and accessories from many countries and periods.
PBAC hosts an information and display table at every gun show at the South Florida Fairgrounds in West Palm Beach.
We also organize shooting field trips to area ranges.
Visit and LIKE our new FACEBOOK page: www.facebook.com/palmbeacharms


Three generations ago, in 1959, before De Alba Bakery became an award-winning Mexican bakery in Texas’ Rio Grande Valley, our abuela began making tortillas for friends and for family. She cooked for her neighbors out of her humble Mexican kitchen, making everything as if it were de la familia. Everything was made for family, from scratch, using culinary methods passed down by centuries of Mexican chefs. Nothing left her kitchen that she wouldn’t have proudly served to her own children. Today, at De Alba Bakery, our mission is the same, whether in-stores or online. Our family and our master bakers use heirloom techniques and cherished family recipes to prepare traditional tamales, pan dulce and artisanal Mexican pastries. No matter what you buy at De Alba, we promise it was made sustainably and with uncompromising love – this is our promise, from our family to yours.


Michael WATSON of Ushaw Moor (1694-1773) (My 5x Great Grandfather)
Married Elizabeth of Ushaw Moor and has three
William (26 December 1762)
John (3rd June 1765
Michael Watson of Hamstels (24 April 1736)
– he was a labourer -My 4x Great Grandfather. He married Elizabeth Logan on the 19, JAN 1762
Michael (24 April 1768 died 6th June 1773)
Sarah (17 July 1774 – 26 March 1781 died Hamsteels)
George ( 25 August 1776 – 3rd August 1777 died Hamsteels)
Elizabeth (15 July 1778)
Michael (17 July 1774) – (My 3x Great Grandfather) I am unable to verify his death yet as it is not available on line
MARRIAGE: ” Michael Watson & Mary Wilkinson both of this parish were married in this church by banns this 20th day of August 1796 by me John Ashbridge, Curate. In the presence of us Jane Archer, Thomas Pallister (signed by both)
Auckland St Andrews
“This parish, which comprises the townships of St. Andrew’s Auckland, Bishop
Auckland, Pollards’s Land, Coundon Grange, part of Binchester, and part of
Newton Cap, is bounded on the north by Byer’s Green, on the north-west by
Hunwick, on the west by Escomb, on the south-west by St. Helen’s Auckland, on
the south by Heighington, on the south-east and east by Shildon, and on the
north-east by Coundon and Whitworth. The township of Middlestone, not
incorporated in any of the newly formed chapelry districts, but which formerly
constituted the north-east extremity of the parish of St. Andrew’s Auckland,
was in April 1845 annexed to the parish of Merrington. This district abounds in
coal and lime; the soil is generally well suited to the production of corn,
turnips, &c.; and the scenery is finely diversified by hill and dale, wood
“St. Andrew’s Auckland Township, in the parish of the same name, comprises 1186
acres, and its annual value is £12,74
“The village of Auckland St. Andrew, or South Church, as it is now usually called,
is situated on the river Gaunless, which is at this place crossed by a stone
bridge of one arch, and is one mile south from Bishop Auckland, and eleven
south-south-west from Durham. It contains a brewery, and manure factory,
formerly occupied as a foundry, but situated in the township of Bishop
Auckland. The Gaunless sometimes overflows its banks at this village and causes
Michael and Mary had the following children:-
Elisabeth 25 January 1797
John 28 September 1798
Jane and Michael (twins) 21 September 1808 Jane died three months later 1st December 1808.
On the 17th June 1832 Michael married Cicely Margaret
Kipling probably at St Cuthbert’s Church, Forcett , Yorkshire.
The Ancient Parish of FORCETT
“FORCETT, a parish in the wapentake of Gilling West. and liberty of Richmondshire; 8
miles N. of Richmond. The church is dedicated to St. Cuthbert (see Churches for
photograph); the living is a perpetual curacy in the patronage of the vicar of
Gilling. Here are the remains of a Roman entrenchment, extending East and West
of the village to Gatarby moor. Pop. 86.”
“BARFORTH, in the parish of Forcett, wapentake of
Gilling West, and liberty of Richmondshire; 2¾ miles NNW. of Forcett, 12 miles
N. of Richmond, a small township situated on the banks of the Tees. This
township, which is the property of the Earl of Harewood, comprises Old
Richmond, but nothing now remains except the ruins of an old chapel, and a few
irregularities in the neighbouring fields, which, together with the stones and
other relics that are occasionally dug up, prove it to have been a place of
considerable extent. Pop. 141.
[Description(s) edited from Langdale’s Yorkshire Dictionary (1822)
and Baines’s Directory of the County of York (1823) and other sources.]
Michael WATSON (My 2x Great Grandfather)
First son William born <1834> no trace found yet, and Joseph (<1838>) except for census in 1841.
Thomas Wilkinson (1839),
Cecily Margaret (1843),
Anne Elizabeth (1845),
Jane Hannah (1849),
Osythe Martha (1850),
Procter George (1851),
Robert Cummings (1852).
Occupation: Pigots Directory has him as Master of Gosforth School in 1834.According to a Ward’s Durham & Northumberland Directory of 1850, Michael WATSON was secretary of the Schoolmasters
Association in Newcastle. He may be the same Michael WATSON who was master of
Gosforth Parish School, according to the same Directory. Also listed at the same school was a Miss Eliza LOWES WATSON – perhaps she may have been a sister to Michael?? It will be worth viewing the prs
1841:Michael was an enumerator for the Census. I have the printout showing his certification on the 9th day of June 1841,it has been co signed by the registrar and the Superintendent Registrar. (Michael has the best handwriting.) Page 1 for the South Gosforth schedule has him top of the list together with Cecily Margaret his wife of 8 years ,their son William
(7) daughter Mary (6) John (5), Joseph (3) and Thomas Wilkinson (2). They are living at Gosforth School House, and Michael is a schoolmaster.
During my research I had help from Michael Hoy:-
“Hi my names Michael Hoy from Gosforth and at present researching Gosforths’ history, and came across the 1842 Childrens’ Employment Commission, and in it dated may 10th 1842 is a report from Michael Watson Schoolmaster at Gosforth. The schools in the area at this time were far and few between, so this is more than likely to be the man you are looking for?”
The same Richard Welford was the Chairman of South Gosforth Local Board which was formed on 20th September 1872, the book sites Michael Watsons’ son as clerk to this same Board!
1851: Census of Gosforth has him living at school House South Gosforth, with Cecily his wife, William their son (17), Mary (16) John Kipling (15), Joseph (13) Thomas Wilkinson (11), James (9) Anne Elizabeth
Marmaduke (4) Henry (3) Jane Hannah (2) Osythe Martha (1) and Procter George (3 months).
He has also signed as an enumerator for the 1851 census on the 4th of April.
1861:RG9: RG9/3834: Michael Watson, Head Superintendent of CemeteryCecily Margaret (49), wife born Yorkshire Hutton.Joseph (23), son, Ann E (15), Marmaduke (14), Apprentice joiner, Henry (13), Apprentice Engineer, Jane H (12), scholar, O’sythe Martha (11), Scholar, Robert C (8), scholar, Frances B, (7), scholar.
DEATH: Cutting from the Newcastle Daily Journal, Tuesday 3rd August,
“Aged 61, Mr. Michael Watson Superintendent. Interment on Thursday at 3 o’clock. Friends please accept this invitation.”
BURIAL: The Burial Place of Michael and Cecily Margaret Watson.
Cecily Margaret their daughter died June 27th 1858, aged 15 years.
Proctor George, their son died September 13th 1851, aged 9 months.
The first named Cecily Margaret Watson died June 15th 1862, aged 50 years.
O’sythe Martha their daughter died August 28th 1868, aged 19 years.
In life beloved, in death lamented.
“The above MICHAEL WATSON died August 2nd 1869,
aged 61 years. (He was Supt of Jesmond Cemetery.)
Respected by all who knew him.
William their eldest son died December 4th 1871, aged 38 years.”
Also Robert Watson, who died Dec 28th 1918, aged 68
Also Michael Watson died November 17 1957, aged 80 years.
During 2006 I went
to a College Reunion at Stoke Rochford Hall, Grantham, Lincolnshire. The
weather was superb and we continued North to Lincoln to visit Pam Baille at
Lincoln Record Office to pick up some Parish Register printouts for my Cummings
Research. We then went further North and Camped just outside
Newcastle-Upon-Tyne. We made daily trips into the Library and various places
like the Parish Churches and Cemetery where Michael was Superintendent. The
biggest find was his gravestone with all the family engraved on it! We had to
clear the ivy, which was growing on it, and I have been trying to restore the
image I took using Photo shop.
The weather was so good we continued up to Hadrians’
Wall and did some walking then drove home via Kendal where we visited Steve
& Elaine Wilkinson and Sheffield where we visited Lucy & Paul.
Robert Cummings Watson (My Great Grandfather) was born on the 14th July 1852 How amazing is this name!!! I sent for his birth certificate 12th August 2006.
1861 Census shows Robert (8), is living at home with his parents and siblings. There is only Francis Barbara younger than him by a year. He probably lives here until he grows up, since he is still here in the 1871 census with his elder brother James and his family.
1871 census [RG10/ 5108] for the Old Cemetery Lodge Jesmond, has James (29) and his wife Frances E (30), with their two daughters Cecily? (10) and O’sythe Martha (3). With them is living brother Robert (19),
who is unmarried and an apprentice plumber.
Susannah or Hannah as she called herself is about to meet and marry Robert Cummings Watson.
He probably drops in to the pub for a drink on his way home from work.. The
Cradle Well Inn must be close because they are both in the same enumeration
district for the census. I pulled the map to have a look while up in Newcastle
and saw how close it was.
He must have moved in with his other brother Henry soon after the ’61 census because it is here that he is living when he marries Hannah a year later. They marry on the 30th January 1872. In the Registry
office Newcastle -Upon-Tyne. He is now a fully-fledged Plumber of 23 years and she being 21 is a spinster. She has been living at Newgate Street and says her father is Robert Cameron a joiner. (This fits with the Census) Their witnesses are Francis Barrafs, George Forster and Samuel Carr.
1871 census [RG10/ 5097]. For All
Saints, Newcastle. Shows Henry (23) is living at 15, Napier Street with his wife Helen (21) and sister Frances Barbara (17) who is a visitor. Henry is an engraver and Frances is a sewing machinist.
1881 Census [RG11/5070] for 20, Brandling Village, Jesmond Newcastle – Upon -Tyne
Living at number 20, Brandling Village we have Robert Watson the plumber (28), and his wife Hannah (29), together with their three sons Robert (6), a scholar, Michael (4), and Marmaduke (2), Robert says he was born in Gosforth Northumberland and Hannah in Cockermouth Cumberland. However this does not fit with what I have found out about her family in Tanfield,
1891 Census [RG12/4219] for 53, Brandling South Front, Jesmond, Newcastle – Upon -Tyne
Robert is still a plumber but the family have moved to 53, Brandling South Front, ten years on and there are more additions: Michael is now 14, Marmaduke 12, Cecily Margaret only 9, Frances 6, and Hannah 1,
1901 [RG13/4781] Census for Clayton Road, Jesmond, Newcastle – Upon -Tyne.
Refer to Census
sheet RG13/4781 page 90.
Another ten years on and Robert is still working aged 50. Cecily has moved out but Frances now 16 has become a dressmaker, Hannah is still only 11 and the latest addition is my Grandmother Osythe Martha who is five years old. Osythe Martha Watson born 1895 Gosforth, Bykker.
Robert died 28th December 1918 aged 68 years.
Osythe Martha (my Grandmother)
Osythe Martha Watson born 1895 Gosforth Bykker. She is
the third lady with this name alive in the same family!
By 1901 census she is 5 years old living at 8, Clayton Road, Jesmond, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne.
She trained and became a nurse, probably doing her training at Newcastle General Hospital.
She nursed at Brooke hospital, Black Heath, London, during the 1914 – 1918 War. She also went to Gibraltar during this War as a nurse. In 2009 we visited Gibraltar ( aboard ‘Piano’) and I spent an afternoon at the Army Archives. I searched all the nursing records but found no trace of my grandmother. This may mean that she was not nursing at the Army Hospital but a private one. There were no records to search.
In 1928 she married James Newcombe Mortimer at Faversham 29th September when she was 33 years old and he was 47. He had been married previously to “Phyllis”. (It was Phyllis who painted the two
watercolors now with my sister in France)
First and only child Pauleen was born 1930 in Liverpool. O’sythe had gone to stay with her sister and her husband while she had the baby. All three sisters Frances, Hannah and ‘Sythe were trained nurses.
James and O’sythe lived at 7, Dulverton Road, Aikbuth.
Later moved to Ealing, 31, Ransleigh Road South Ealing next door to her friend June Dodge.
Then to 31, Brunner Road, Perrivale, Ealing.
O’sythe did private nursing at Sturry (Near Canterbury) and at Folkestone
James Newcombe had a stroke they moved to 469, Margate Road, Ramsgate. Then to Kings Avenue
Ramsgate where James died. Her final move was to 2, Morden Cottages, Wilson’s Road, Ramsgate


The true origin of the commonly known domestic dogs breeds is not entirely clear even though it is the most abundant terrestrial carnivore in existence.
It is commonly known that humans and dogs were one of the very first bonding’s that were made between animals and humans . The oldest dog fossils in the world were found in an area (now called Germany) more than a decade ago.
However, the retrieved archaeological records of the true origin of domestic dogs are very ambiguous as there are also claims of findings of domesticated dog bones in Siberia.
Happy Dog Video ➡ Have You Ever Seen a Dog 🐶 Dancing?
The fossil records shows that it was quite obvious that the early dog from history is quite similar to the modern European dogs.
This means that there was no actual replacement of the domesticated breeds in the past and there was only one domestication event for all the dogs.
There is an evidence to prove that the ancient dogs interacted with humans on daily basis in places like Belgium,France etc. Sweden was known to have full dog funerals when a dog died and this just proves how much these hunters valued their furry friends.
If You have always wondered about how domestic dogs came about, You’re welcome!


Meuli Sils, natural stone roof
Meuli Sils stone roofs are not only weatherproof, but also timeless, safe and aesthetically beautiful. The expertise handed down for three generations allows us to offer the best solution to give you a solid and safe natural stone roof.
Natural stone roof
Working with stone requires great skill and precision, along with true love for manual work.
According to tradition, people of the Upper Engadin used to install Fexer panels on the roofs of their homes. The incandescent slate of the Fex valley has been no longer mined since the 1960s, and many roofs are now covered with Malenco tiles.
The serpentine of Valmalenco is very suitable as roof covering and is characterized by great resistance over time.
Moreover, other stone slabs, including Soglio quartzite, can be supplied and laid by Meuli Sils.
Tradition and monument preservation
Meuli Sils has played a decisive role in the roof trade in the Upper Engadin over the past 70 years.
In the past, people used local or nearby building materials and had to be very careful about available resources. Transportation was more difficult and materials more expensive than today.
These factors have strongly influenced the look of Upper Engadin roofs. In the case of historic buildings, in particular, a balance must be struck between beauty, monument preservation, craftsmanship and modern needs.
In countless examples, Meuli Sils has proved that it is possible to satisfy different requirements under one roof without having to compromise on quality.


Joe Biden was sworn as the 46th president of the United States, with Kamala Harris as his vice president. Though this year the celebrations were quite different due to covid, it still included the performances, tributes, and parades that we’re used to; however, it was before a small, socially distanced crowd in Washington DC.
Lady Gaga who also campaigned for Biden and Harris in November 2020, started off with a lovely performance of the national anthem. Jennifer Lopez followed by performing a rendition of “This Land Is Your Land” on stage.
A poet Amanda Gorman delivered a special poetry reading at the inauguration and, as a result, made history as the youngest inaugural poet in memory at age 22.
Later, John Legend, Demi Lovato, Katy Perry, and more performed at the Celebration.
Hope, now it will be a good time for our America 🙂


Lee Valley White Water Centre is a white-water slalom centre, that was constructed to host the canoe slalom events of the London 2012 Olympic Games. On 9 December 2010, Anne, Princess Royal officially opened the venue which is owned and managed by Lee Valley Regional Park Authority.
Display locations on your blog.
The Nene Whitewater Centre was the UK’s first pumped artificial whitewater course. It is located on the River Nene in Northampton. The 300m course was designed by slalom designers, Proper Channels Ltd and built in 1999 by Wrekin Construction.


Celebrating Hardy's 150 Year Anniversary!This commemorative lightweight series is relaunched to mark the 150 year anniversary of the Hardy brand. Many aficionados believe that the coveted two screw line guard design was the pinnacle of the lightweight series. Introducing the recreation of the 1972 version with beautiful engraving to celebrate a milestone in the history of the worlds most iconic fishing tackle brand.
• The Iconic lightweight series manufactured in bar stock aluminum
• Classic two screw line Guard
• Commemorative engraving
• Grey Silver Color
• Supplied in a soft leather reel case


The City of Norwood is rich in history, inspiring true pride in its residents. Some would say that Norwood is still "The City" because of the many groups, especially those affiliated with churches, that seriously accepted the challenges of civic duties and responsibilities. The City of Norwood has been blessed with many great spiritual, leaders; and its Catholic community has assumed roles of leadership from the beginning.
The first Catholic Church established in Norwood predates its incorporation as a city. In fact, Norwood wasn't even a village in 1884 when St. Elizabeth Parish was founded. The area was named Sharpsburg, after an early pioneer who built a tavern in 1809 near the present intersections of Montgomery Road and Carthage Avenue. When St. Elizabeth Parish was founded there were only five homes in the immediate vicinity and less than fifteen Catholic families, yet their desire and drive to have a place of their own to worship belied their small number. Two years later the first Catholic Church in Norwood was dedicated. Interestingly, the choir and altar servers for the dedication ceremony came from Holy Trinity Church, located in Cincinnati's West End.
In October of 1887, the first resident pastor, Rev. John Stoepplemann, was appointed. During the next two decades the suburbs of Cincinnati experienced a rapid burst of growth and Norwood was among the leaders. Norwood was serviced by two street railway companies which encouraged an increasing population. Norwood was "the" place to be!
In 1902, the city had outgrown its status as a village and became incorporated as a city. Norwood was one of the most prosperous communities in Hamilton County. The city led the way in providing a model of balance between industrial and residential growth. Seven thousand people call Norwood home, and it's thriving Catholic population was quickly overwhelming the existing parish. Even though a new church had been dedicated in 1903, it could scarcely contain the congregation. The time had arrived for expansion and the need for two more parishes to serve the Catholics of Norwood.
In 1905 the citizens of South Norwood (by now Norwood was identified by its three sections: West Norwood, South Norwood, and North Norwood, or Norwood Heights), led by Charles Brichetto, approached archbishop Henry Moeller with the intent of purchasing Land for the relocation of St. Xavier College, then located in downtown Cincinnati. After lengthy study and discussion, it was determined that the proposed location (Smith Road and Floral Avenue) would better serve the community as the rite of a new Catholic parish.
That same year, the archbishop established yet another parish in Norwood, this time in the developing area of Norwood Heights. There were now three Catholic Parishes in Norwood: St. Elizabeth, St. Matthew, and Sts. Peter and Paul.
The Catholic community of Norwood, from humble beginnings, was always eager to meet the challenges Presented to it. The newly formed congregations were determined to build suitable places for worship and Religious education, Rev. Frederick Gallagher was appointed the first pastor of St. Matthew Parish, and Rev. Bernard Beckmeyer, the first pastor of Sts. Peter and Paul Parish. Both men tackled their responsibilities with zeal and determination. Although modest and inexpensive buildings first served these congregations, both parishes were able to erect beautiful houses of worship -- St. Matthew Church, dedicated in 1922 and Sts. Peter and Paul Church, dedicated in 1940. It should also be noted that the Norwood Council of the Knights of Columbus (established in 1906) donated flagpoles and flags to each of the three Norwood parish schools.
During: the past 120 years the Catholic community had grown and developed along with the City of Norwood. These years have witnessed dramatic changes as well. In September of I974, St. Elizabeth and St. Matthew Schools combined to form Gressle School located at the St, Mathew School location. The name was chosen in honor of Msgr. Francis Gressle, pastor of St. Elizabeth Parish from 1930 to1968.
Several years later, Sts. Peter and Paul School closed and joined with Gressle School. In September 1994, Holy Trinity School opened in the former Sts. Peter and Paul School buildings. In 1991, the Archdiocese of Cincinnati determined that the three Norwood parishes should be combined. A committee of twelve persons -- four from each parish, including the pastors, Revs. Francis Niehaus, Eugene Mueller, and Harry Gerdes -began meeting in order to determine the location and name of the newly formed Parish as well as how to orderly affect the transition. A facilitator from the archdiocese was assigned to help in this process.
Holy Trinity Parish became a reality in July of 1994,choosing the former Sts. Peter and Paul Church as its location and Holy Trinity as the appropriate name. Rev. Michael Bidwell was assigned as the first pastor of Holy Trinity Parish, and Rev. Edward Haskamp was the first associate pastor. In 1999, illness forced Rev. Bidwell to resign as pastor, and Rev. Thomas Grilliot was assigned as administrator. In July 2000, Rev. Raymond Kellerman was assigned the pastor of Holy Trinity.
Churches are frequently identified by structures, and the three Norwood churches that were eventually built reflect the determination of each congregation to erect houses of worship that were beautiful, impressive, and reflective of the importance of their faith. Even more impressive is the character of the Norwood Catholic community -- a faith-filled group of people dedicated to working together to make the city and parish we call home, places that pulse: with life


Rise of the Runelords
Owner/operator of Two Knight Brewery
Two Knight Brewery established 40 years ago by brothers Wade and Gavin Deverin. The two brothers are cousins of Sandpoint’s current mayor and worshippers of Abadar. Wade Deverin was killed during the Chopper murders and his brother has not been the same since.


Of the time before 1200 BOV, little is known. Lanjyr. Stone ruins of a people known as the Ancients have been discovered. Apart the stone ruins, the Ancients left behind an array of weapons and artifacts crafted of gold, which usually have magic properties. Strangely, these golden artifacts are the only evidence of metalworking among the Ancients that has been discovered.
~1200 BOV (Before Our Victory): King Kelland defeats the fey titans and founds Risur, the first mortal nation on the continent of Lanjyr. In the following centuries, other nations rise up throughout Lanjyr.
~50 BOV: The First Victory, a holy war between humans and eladrin, ends with the eladrin losing much territory.
1 AOV (After Our Victory): The Second Victory begins as an eladrin effort to reclaim lost lands, but ends in their decisive defeat when the eladrin goddess Srasama manifests physically, and is slain. Danor collapses into chaos as the nation becomes a dead magic zone. The seat of the Clergy moves to Crisillyir, which begins to colonize the devastated lands of Elfaivar. Dwarves seize control of their own nation in Drakr.
460 AOV: King Aodhan is crowned in Risur. He encourages his people to pursue industry so they can fight back against Danor. Meanwhile in Ber, Bruse Le Roye unites tribes of monstrous races into a new nation.
493 AOV: The Fourth Yerasol War ends, with Risur having lost many islands.
500 AOV, Spring: Duchess Ethelyn attempts to assassinate her brother, King Aodhan, and sabotage the launch of the RNS Coaltongue, Risur’s first fully steam-powered warship. She is thwarted by the B-Team through a combination of skill and good fortunate, but manages to escape justice.
Shortly thereafter, the B-Team played an instrumental role in retaking the island (using Risuri forces to turn the island back over to Danor, thus averting a war). Duchess Ethelyn was executed by an agent of the Unseen Court, Asrabey Varal.
The betrothal of Lya Jierre to King Aodhan is announced shortly thereafter, as is a planned peace conference that is to take in Spring 501.
500 AOV, Summer: The death of the fey saboteur Nilasa Hume at the Danoran Consulate in Flint triggers an investigation that ultimately reveals that Reed Macbannin, mayor of the Nettles district, was embroiled in a conspiracy which involved murder, kidnapping and extortion of factory owners to support some sort of large industrial project, and also involved the use of a potent soul-capturing substance known as gloom oil or witchoil. Some low-ranking members of the conspiracy claimed that they believed they were working on some sort of secret weapons program for the Risuri crown, but all Risuri officials have categorically denied this allegation.
When the RHC confronted Macbannin, a mishap in the witchoil production facility beneath his mansion resulted in the leakage of large quantities of the substance into the Nettles, causing significant damage. However, days earlier, Nevard Sechim had announced a prophecy warning of such a catastrophe which was heeded by many, and the swift action of the RHC combined with the cooperation of Macbannin prevented the event from becoming a true catastrophe. Macbannin committed suicide in his cell shortly just before the day of his trial.


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- THE STATISTICS BRANCH HAS SINCE BECOME THE CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE (HTTP://WWW. SU-KI-NET1.XYZ). TO DATE CENSUSES HAVE BEEN...
- FIND OUT WHERE TO ACCESS THE IRISH CENSUS FRAGMENTS. AVAILABLE AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF IRELAND'S GENEALOGY WEBSITE, AND (NOT...
- IRISH CENSUS SEARCH FORMS & THE GOVERNMENT USED THESE FORMS TO SEARCH THE & CENSUS TO...
Censuses of population are taken by governments to determine the number of inhabitants in their country and various characteristics of the population. Censuses have been taking place for thousands of years all over the world, with the first known census undertaken nearly years ago by the Babylonians in BC. There are records to suggest that this census was undertaken every 6 or 7 years and counted the number of people and livestock, as well as quantities of butter, honey, milk, wool and vegetables.
The oldest existing census in the world comes from China during the Han Dynasty. This census was taken in the year 2 A. It recorded the population as The census was a key element of the Roman system of administration and was carried out every five years and provided a register of citizens and their property.
The Bible also relates several census stories — the Book of Numbers is named after the counting of the Israelite population during the Flight from Egypt, there are references to King David performing a census and of King Solomon having all foreigners in Israel, and of course the best known reference is to a Roman census when the birth of Jesus occurred in Bethlehem because Mary and Joseph had travelled there to be enumerated in the census.
The most famous historic census in Europe is the Domesday Book which was undertaken by William the Conqueror in In the 15th century, the Inca Empire had a unique way to record census information as they did not have a written language. Census information was recorded on quipus which were strings from llama or alpaca hair or cotton cords with numeric and values encoded by knots in a base positional system.
Population estimates have been made for "1861 census ireland online dating" since the time of Sir William Petty over years ago in when the population was put at 1, and when it
1861 census ireland online dating estimated at 5, After a largely unsuccessful attempt in undertaking a census inthe first full census of Ireland was taken in The census was taken by enumerators who were supplied with notebooks to record the particulars of name, age and occupation and these details were subsequently copied into printed forms.
The next census in was carried out in a similar manner. The first major modern census, using a household form, was the so-called Great Census of This census was notable for the introduction of a number of significant changes to how a census was conducted:.
Further information on the history of Irish census records and the pre census fragments can be found at:. Censuses were subsequently taken at 10 year intervals up to All Irish censuses up to and including 1861 census ireland online dating census were undertaken under the British system of administration.
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Irish census fragments, Irish census fragments are exactly that:
Providing family historians and genealogists with information on UK and Irish genealogical sources, topics, finding aids and contacts relevant to household history. GenGuide is from start to finish non-profit and I the time of one's life looking out for trendy resources and keeping the site up to meeting. I do this concerning nothing because family information research is all nearby helping each other. In what way the cost of maintaining GenGuide means I privation your help as brim over, especially with the locality hosting costs.
Obviously not everyone can or when one pleases donate but your allotment will help keep GenGuide running for yourself and others. Records form the population count and common data taken every ten years.
The census is essentially a record of all individuals at a particular location on census day, whether a residential dwelling
1861 census ireland online dating an forming. The census lists all residents by townland a subdivision of a parish in rural areas and by streets in urban areas. Taking a census began in and thereafter every ten years.
The first surviving intact census is forthe others having been largely destroyed. All the important genealogical notification for the and census is recorded on 'Form A' but be hip that the address transfer be found on the reverse of this manner. Also refer to 'Form B1, the House and Building Return' which provides a summary description of each property as properly as the 1861 census ireland online dating details.
Due to the lionization of England as a place of migration owing Irish people, many Standard english records such as census returns contain relevant tip-off on Irish ancestors.
The greatest movement of the Irish out of the country occurred during the devastating Irish potato lack between the years to Most to census returns were destroyed by the shelling of the Followers Record Office located in the Four Courts superstructure in Dublin, marking the beginning of the non-military war.
Guru to National Archives of Ireland. Ireland is unusual lot developed countries in having few census returns pre-dating the twentieth century, the great bulk of such records having been destroyed either as a settlement of war or of government classification. While there is continuing debate settled which side in the Civil Wage war with, pro-Treaty or anti-Treaty, bears the basic responsibility for the destruction of the returns of the Census of Ireland from , there is no defence over the reality that this precise series was destroyed in the Open Record Office of Ireland, part of the Four Courts complex which was the location of major fighting in June Minus clear, however, are the circumstances and even the dates on which the census returns in support of the years were destroyed.
John Grenham merely notes that the returns had been destroyed prior to 'by order of the government' Tracing Your Irish Ancestors , page J G Ryan concurs that the destruction was via government order, adding that the motivation was 'either to protect confidentiality or to make daily during the Triumph World War' Irish Records , call for
Censuses of population are taken by governments to establish numbers and characteristics of a country's inhabitants. The first full government census of Ireland was taken in with further censuses at ten-yearly intervals from through toAaronISB: I find Hindi or Urdu the most sexiest language in the world by the way I am African
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- Links to many free online censuses and census substitutes are a similarity of birthplaces and dates will give clues...
- Sadly none of the Irish census records from the 19th century remain other to put the entire census returns...
- Only a few transcriptions survive from the Irish censuses
- Decline of the population in Ireland Famine, Disease and Emigration.
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In the process of digitally restoring these images – and many others in the family heirlooms – we’ve perfected a number of techniques to breathe life back into old photographs. This coupled with our working with a number of high quality album suppliers means we can now offer a dedicated scanning, image repair and enhancement, print and binding service to save your legacy images and preserve them for many more years to come. This service can include on-site, at home, scanning so your precious images never need leave your sight – to give you complete peace of mind. Please just call to discuss your specific requirements and we’ll be happy to help...
A great moment (below) captured in Oldbury during the General Election campaign of January 1910 by my great grandfather – Sam Key. He and his sons were pioneering photographers in Oldbury, Birmingham – where they painted their trademark symbol of a key onto each photographic plate.
Recently, scans of 50 Key images have been generously supplied to me courtesy of Dr Terry Daniels of the Langley Local History Society where Dr Daniels commented that “...the 'Key cards’ comprise around a quarter of the [society’s] collection. This shows what a major contribution [the] Keys made to recording the [photographic] history of Oldbury. In many cases these are the only pictures of certain places or events that I know of...”
Family and lifestyle portraits at home or on location • Weddings, events and parties • Corporate and website photography
© 2007-2020 © Jac Lee Photography. All rights reserved.


Things to do in Medway | The Historic Dockyard Chatham
March 29th, 2022
What was Chatham Dockyard used for?
Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard which provided more than 500 ships over 414 years for the Royal Navy, and was at the forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 workers.
It was first used during conflict of Catholic countries in Europe. It closed in 1984 and is now an attraction managed by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust. Many of it’s original features and buildings remain for visitors to learn about and experience.
What is there to do at The Historic Dockyard?
- Interactive galleries of history and events.
- Look inside 3 historic warships. HMS Gannet (1878), HMS Cavalier (1944) and HMS Ocelot (1962)
- Get up close with a collection of historic RNLI lifeboats.
- Go inside Slip no.3. Europe’s largest widespan timber structure.
- Visit the Royal Navy Ropeyard. The only one of 4 to remain in operation today.
- There are also many themed tours and events hosted at the Chatham Historic Dockyard. Visit their website for more information by clicking here. \r\n\r\nFor more things to do and places to visit in Medway click here.


So, you have decided on your destination, you have bought cheap travel cover, you have packed your bags, and you are ready to go. A vacation in Turkey can provide one of the best travel experiences in the world, as long as you know all of the best places to visit. Luckily for you, we have a handy list of the five most amazing places to visit in Turkey to make your trip an unforgettable experience.
Istanbul is a vibrant and culturally exciting city absolutely steeped in history, having served as the capital of both the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires. Today it is one of the largest cities in the world and acts as a gateway between Europe and Asia, boasting a unique mixture of cultures that is shown through impressive architecture, wonderful historic sites and amazing nightlife.
This is a region situated in Central Anatolia that is well known for it’s almost fairy tale look. It boasts a stunning landscape covered with rock formations that look like magical chimneys, pinnacles and cones, and if you look close enough you will see the impression of thousands of years of history where settlers once carved their own livings spaces in to the hard rock. Some are still inhabited today, some even being hotels.
Ephesus is arguably one of the world’s most complete classical metropolises. It was one of the largest cities of the Roman Empire by the 1st century, and though the site is nowhere near its ancient glory, the remains are immaculately well preserved and can offer visitors an insight in to what it might have been like to live in such an iconic period in history. The vast archaeological site is one of Turkey’s most popular attractions.
Located in the south of the country, Bodrum was once the home of one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Mausoleum, and to this day the ancient ruins combined with the stunning beaches and dramatic clifftop views continue to see the city rank very highly in terms of popularity with tourists. You can’t visit Bodrum without visiting the Castle of St. Peter, built in 1402 but now operating as a museum dedicated to the history of the city and of the building. It’s an absolute must see!
This quaint coastal town may seem sleepy, but it was once a major port occupied by none other than Alexander the Great. Of course, you can now stay in more comfort than his troops probably did, in one of the many luxury resorts that overlook the crisp white beaches of the town. Don’t forget to pay a visit to the remains of the huge amphitheatre.


Who We Are
Hodges Window & Glass of Baltimore is a window and glass company providing fast turnaround times at competitive rates for commercial and residential customers. Our community-rooted family business was opened in 1960 and passed down to a second generation in 1992. Over the years, we have earned a solid reputation for offering high-quality service within every budget. Our team of window and glass specialists is well-known in the region for their expertise and quick service times. Contact us today to get a quote on your project.
In 1960, Dean Hodges opened the old-fashioned hardware store in Middle River that would soon become Hodges Window & Glass. Customers would bring in broken toasters, kerosene heaters, old faucets, and more and Dean would fix it all. He, his wife Wynona, and their kids lived above the store. As soon as they were big enough, his sons John and Gary worked in the store.
As Dean earned a reputation for honest business, the store grew, and soon he bought another store in Aberdeen. When Dean passed away shortly after, John took over running the Middle River store while Gary ran the Aberdeen store.
Over 30 years ago John began repairing windows on site and in the Middle River store and so the present day Hodges Window & Glass was born. Today, John Hodges continues to share his expertise with his customers and pass it along to his team.
Our Commitment to Customers
Hodges Window & Glass maintains our long-standing commitment to quality, service, value, and fairness. We are dedicated to providing the very best products in the glass industry and to dependably serve our greater community, and continue to nurture a culture of friendship and trust among our employees, customers, and business peers.


American Indian Histories & Cultures
Explore manuscripts, artwork and rare printed books dating from the earliest contact with European settlers right up to photographs and newspapers from the mid-twentieth century.Browse through a wide range of rare and original documents from treaties, speeches and diaries, to historic maps and travel journals.
American West History
From early topographical sketches and pioneers’ accounts, to photographs of Buffalo Bill and his ‘Wild West’ stars, explore the fact and the fiction of westward expansion in America from the early eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century. Browse a wide range of rare and original documents including printed books, journals, historical maps, broadsides, periodicals,advertisements, photographs, artwork and more.
Complete guide to Accelerated Reader books
Features a variety of articles on diverse subject areas; supportive educational tools; videos; learning games; “how to” for research papers, book reviews, science reports and presentations. Offers support for ESL/ELL, student research and project-based learning.
Access to all TISD libraries and additional resources such as Destiny Quest and WebPath Express
Online periodical and monograph materials databases for grades K-12
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Electronic historical matter, current events, Spanish materials, videos, and maps
Spanish Reference Center
Consists of Enciclopedia Moderna (advanced resources) and Escolar Online (basic resources)
Electronic materials for book and author studies – contact a librarian for login information
The Texas State Library and Archives Commission statewide database program for K-12 public schools
Collection of animated talking picture books. Also, it includes tools for language learning, read-along books, videos, puzzles and games.


Most Popular Museums
- Magritte Museum (Museum of Fine Arts)
Check this page that includes his bio, over 15 of his works, exclusive articles about Magritte, as well as his up-to-date exhibitions. https://www.artsy.net/artist/rene-magritte.com
- Belvue Museum – Next to the Royal Palace where everything began….the only museum that reveals the particularly fascinating history of Belgium.
- Musical Instruments Museum – the biggest collection of instruments in the world.
- Bozar – Erected by the architect and master of Art Nouveau, Victor Horta, it is the centre of cultural and artistic life.
- The Cinquantenaire Park, including the Art and History Museum, is divided into several sections: national archeology, antiquity, non-European civilisations and European decorative arts and the Royal Museum of Army and Military History, where around a hundred thousands items (weapons, uniforms and armour) can be discovered, making it one of the world’s largest military museums.
- Basilica of Koekelberg – The fifth largest church in the world and the largest Art Deco edifice ever built.


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----- September 30, 1783 - The Paris Peace Treaty In the name of the most holy and undivided Trinity.
It having pleased the Divine Providence to dispose the hearts of the most serene and most potent Prince George the Third, by the grace of God, king of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, duke of Brunswick and Lunebourg, arch-treasurer and prince elector of the Holy Roman Empire etc.,
1860 - 1940 constitution disappeared, new gov't formed, all turned over to imf (Bretton Woods) all US Citizens are citizens of United Nations (ref?)
January 29, 1861 - Kansas becomes 34th state
Mar 27, 1861 - 7 southern states walk out of congress adjourning sine die - no quorum
April 15, 1861 - Lincoln issues executive order 1, establishing martial rule
1862 - illegitimate congress redefined the word 'person' to mean fictional corporation
1863 - Lincoln implements general orders 100 - the lieber code Section I. Martial Law, Article 1. A place, district, or country occupied by an enemy stands, in consequence of the occupation, under the Martial Law of the invading or occupying army, whether any proclamation declaring Martial Law, or any public warning to the inhabitants, has been issued or not. Martial Law is the immediate and direct effect and consequence of occupation or conquest.
The presence of a hostile army proclaims its Martial Law.
Art. 3. Martial Law in a hostile country consists in the suspension, by the occupying military authority, of the criminal and civil law, and of the domestic administration and government in the occupied place or territory, and in the substitution of military rule and force for the same, as well as in the dictation of general laws, as far as military necessity requires this suspension, substitution, or dictation.
1863 - supreme court abolished (no article III judiciary) 1863 - established USPS 1864 - redefined the word 'state' to mean District of Columbia 1864 - USPS created; zip code is legal nexus tying you to federal citizenship 1865 - the second 13th amendment (the first one did not allow esquires) freeing the slaves 1868 - 14th amendment - creates US citizen 1870 - 15th amendment - legal (not lawful) right to vote; you now have to register; voters not electors; privilege not right 1870 - department of justice created - under the executive branch; president in control of legal system; atty general is top, not supreme court under article III judiciary. A department within the private corporation called US
Feb 21, 1871 - The U.S. Govt incorporates as a for-profit commercial enterprise in the Legislative Act of February 21, 1871
1871 - new corporation created by organic act of 1871 named UNITED STATES with a NEW constitution, and have been renewing corporate charter every 20 years since
Attorney General works for the crown - see history of illinois attorney general
14th Amendment - SECTION 1 - All persons born or naturalized in the United States (not of America) and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
(Blacks Law 4th ed) - SUBJECT TO. Liable, subordinate, subservient, inferior, obedient to; governed or affected by; provided that; provided; answerable for. Jurisdiction = authority 14th amendment citizen is lower case, Article IV Citizen is captial
October 6, 1917 - Trading With Enemy Act (H.R. 4960, Public Law No. 91) - originally excluded citizens of the United States, but in the Act of March 9, 1933, Section 2 amended this to include "any person within the United States or any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof"
March 9, 1933: FDR Signs the Emergency Banking Act
March 9, 1933 - U.S. Government officially and legally declares war on the American people in the Amendatory Act (amending the Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917
JUNE 5, 1933. H.J.R. 192 73rd Congress 1st Session. Joint resolution to assure uniform value to the coins and currencies of the United States.
1938 Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins 304 U.S. 64 (1938) - There is no federal general common law.


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*LAST UPDATED OCTOBER 31, 2018
DISCOVER THE HISTORY OF THE NYC MARATHON
At first, the plan was just to combine celebrations of the United States’ bicentennial anniversary with the five-borough marathon. No one—not the race organizers, or New York City mayor Abraham Beame office—talked about the marathon becoming an annual fixture. But what was immediately apparent was that if a major marathon in New York City was to be pulled off and include all five boroughs, Fred Lebow would have to be in charge. Luckily he didn’t hesitate.
As word of the five-borough marathon spread in the summer of 1976, it created a never-before-seen excitement for running in all corners of the city. Soon, Lebow had secured the appearances of Frank Shorter and “Boston” Bill Rodgers. Shorter signed up "[Just] to see if the police could close down New York City’s streets for a foot race." . By the day of the race, as runners assembled at the startline at the Verrazano Narrows Bridge on a cloudy, chilly morning in October, there was a sense of expectancy and excitement. Helicopters hovered overhead, almost drowning out the noise when the Mayor fired the starter’s gun. 2,090 entrants participated. .
The success of this event cemented the five-borough route as the default course, and annual iterations were the result. Since 1976, the NYC Marathon has grown in popularity and prestige. Stories abound: Rodgers became a four-time winner of the event from 1976 to 1979. In 1980, NCAA track champion Alberto Salazar boldly predicted that he would run sub-2:10 in his first marathon; he made good on his promise by winning in 2:09:41, the fastest-ever debut by an American. A year later he set a new marathon world record in New York when he ran 2:08:13.
The Cherry Tree Marathon was the closest blood-relative to today’s New York City Marathon, as it was hosted by the New York Road Runners (NYRR), who had organized the race a year prior in 1958. Despite running annually until 1970, the Cherry Tree Marathon wasn’t without its own difficulties. In 1963, runners faced near–blizzard conditions. Once marathon running became more popular in the late-1960s, it was decided that a new marathon was needed to represent the identity of New York City and replace the Cherry Tree. This time the marathon would take place in the fall, and NYRR members Fred Lebow and Vince Chiappetta were just the men for the job.
Originally, the New York City Marathon wasn’t supposed to be such a big deal. It was held entirely in Central Park in 1970, and of the 127 registrants of the inaugural event, only 55 men finished; the sole female entrant dropped out. Winners were awarded inexpensive wristwatches and recycled baseball and bowling trophies. The entry fee was $1.00 and the total event budget was $1,000. .
But the New York Marathon changed within six short years, thanks to the appearance of one political shaker and mover: George Spitz. Spitz was a try-everything politician who ran in the Boston Marathon and began asking friends, “If Boston can have a marathon on its streets, why not New York?” Lebow’s small event that looped four times around Central Park didn’t fit with the race Spitz had in mind: a marathon that would go into all five boroughs. At first, no one warmed to his vision, not even Lebow (who had become president of the New York Road Runners, which had grown to be the largest running organization in the city). But Spitz was persistent and had friends in high places. Soon, Percy Sutton, the Manhattan borough president gave support to the idea. And when Sutton secured a $25,000 commitment from influential real-estate moguls Jack and Lewis Rudin, there was no turning back. .
Interestingly, Shorter also plays a part in the history of the New York City Marathon. Decades after Hayes won in 1976, Fred Lebow enticed Shorter to run to professionalize the event and boost sign-ups.
But let’s not get ahead of ourselves. New Yorker's were running marathons from the time of Johnny Hayes all the way through. The Port Chester Marathon, which began in Manhattan and ended in Westchester County, was a major stop on the American running circuit from 1925 to 1941. In 1948, another marathon was held to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the consolidation of New York City. Organized by the Queens Committee for the Commemoration of the Golden Anniversary of the City of New York, the course ran from Idlewild Airport in Queens, now known as the John F. Kennedy International Airport, to the world's fair grounds at Flushing Meadows Park. Then in February 1959, the Cherry Tree Marathon, held on George Washington’s Birthday, started and finished in Macombs Dam Park in the Bronx, near Yankee Stadium. .
Soon after the Olympic 1896 event, however, marathon-mania became the rage in the U.S., and cities everywhere became hubs for their own variations of the distance. And although the New York City Marathon is now the largest such race, it is not the oldest. The Boston Marathon, established 1897, holds that claim. .
SOURCE: THE DAILY DOSE
The modern marathon as we know it today dates back to the first modern Olympics in Athens in 1896. The course back then tried to mirror the apocryphal story of Pheidippides, who supposedly in 490 B.C. raced 26 miles back to Athens from Marathon to give word of the Greek military win over Persia. In fact, the 26 mile-385 yard distance wasn’t clearly defined until 1921—instead, the first “marathon” races encompassed about 40 kilometers (25 miles). .
Coach Andrew Hutchinson is a NFHS-qualified high school athletics coach. He is the author of "The Complete History of Cross Country Running." Coach Hutchinson is located in Novato, California. He offers online training plans and private running lessons in Marin County and the Bay Area.
The first marathon in metropolitan New York occurred in Yonkers, across the city line in Westchester County in November 1907. That year, eventual 1908 Olympic gold medalist Johnny Hayes won the race, which was only 25 miles. The New York native was an employee of Bloomingdale's, and he trained for the event on the roof of the store at night on a cinder–path track installed by the company. . At the 1908 Olympics, Hayes became the last American Olympic gold medalist to win the marathon until 1972, when Frank Shorter won.
/// READ MORE ///
 Sears, Edward S. Running Through the Ages. 2008.
 Boston Athletic Association. "History of the Marathon." Retrieved November 2 2017.
 The New York Times. "Career of Young Hayes." 1908.
 TCS New York City Marathon. "History of the New York City Marathon.” Retrieved November 2 2017.
 New York Road Runners. "New York City Marathon History." Retrieved November 2 2017.
 Hirsch, George. The New Yorker, “The First Five-Borough New York City Marathon.” 2016.
 See id.
 See supra note 4.
 PBS News Hour. “8 Things You Didn’t Know About the New York City Marathon.” 2015.
 Daily News. “Gallery of the New York City Marathon Through the Years.” Retrieved November 2 2017.
ING, a global financial services company, became the marathon’s first title sponsor in 2003 and joined with the NYRR to initiate grassroots running and fitness programs among the city’s youth. Today, ING and a gamut of other companies pour generous resources into the event. During the race, volunteers will hand out 62,370 gallons of water, 30,000 PowerBars, drink 40,000 cups of coffee, and handle 32,040 gallons of Gatorade. 80 photographers will snap 450,000 photos of racers. And the 41 medical aid stations along the way will be outfitted with over five tons of ice, 13,475 adhesive bandages, and 390 tubs of Vaseline. .
The New York City Marathon, which has run continuously since the inaugural event in 1970 (save for 2012, when hurricane Sandy hit), is by far one of the most historic and exciting running events in the United States. With strong international fields, large prize purses, and a long waiting list there’s no wonder why. It’s just clear that like this special event, marathon-mania in the United States won’t be slowing down anytime soon. .
In 1981, ABC Sports began televising the race, and in 1982 the marathon became the highest–rated sports show of the day for the network. A waiting list was instituted in 1982, and today over 105,000 entrants compete in a lottery system for roughly 39,000 slots (a portion of the entrants guarantee their participation by running in support of affiliated charity). Racers come from all 50 states and more than 100 countries, and it is a custom for some to dress in elaborate costumes. The behind-the-scenes statistics for the New York City Marathon are also impressive. The NYRR have over 100 staff working year–round on the marathon. More than 6,000 volunteers participate on race day; 2,500 media credentials are issued.
Grete Waitz of Norway, a track Olympian who’d never run farther than 12 miles, also set a world record in her marathon debut. She ended up winning the NYC Marathon nine times. Shortly before the race’s 25th anniversary in 1994, after Lebow’s passing, Allan Steinfeld took over as race director. Gérman Silva of Mexico famously took a wrong turn into Central Park in the 26th mile that year and came back to win, while women’s champ Tegla Loroupe, a Kenyan, became the first female African winner of a major marathon when she crossed the line in first.
The marathon has always been an exercise in community spirit, and that was especially true in November 2001, less than two months after the September 11 terrorist attacks. The race became a symbol of hope and renewal for participants, spectators, and all New Yorkers. Patriotism ran high as Deena Drossin (now Kastor) clocked 2:26:58, the fastest debut by an American woman, to win the event title.
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The legendary mechanical chart recorder for environmental monitoring dates back to 1911, when John C. Stevens invented the Type A chart recorder. In 1906, J.C. Stevens was the Hydrographer for the USGS out of Portland, Oregon, and was soon promoted to District Engineer. While with the USGS, he realized that hiring local citizens to observe and record height of water was not accurate or reliable. He left the USGS and soon set out to design a machine capable of continuous graphic recording of river height.
In 1911, J.C. Stevens invented the Type A chart recorder. He made a deal with Leupold and Volpel, a Portland manufacturer of surveying and other engineering instruments, to manufacture and market it.
The value of the chart recorder in hydrological level measurements quickly became realized worldwide, and J.C. Steven became a partner of Leupold & Volpel. The company was renamed to Leupold & Stevens in 1940.
Over the years, Stevens invented new chart recorders for various applications. The chart recorders have been used in many unique application beyond stream gaging that include glacier movement, sewage flow, earth settlement and movement, deep well monitoring, natural gas storage, protective species habitat monitoring, and more. Some were responsible for recording some very notable environmental events.
Of all the different chart recorders designed over the years, the design that survived the longest was J.C. Stevens very first design: the Type A chart recorder. This may be the only product in the world that is still manufactured based on its original design over 100 years ago.
Take a trip with us through the virtual Stevens chart recorder museum!
Same as Type A except for spring drum drive. Circa 1917.
Differential water state recorder (circa 1917)
Eight day recorder gage.
The most versatile chart recorder built; used for level and flow with single pen or duplex. Stevens made 12 versions of the Type L.
Oil tank gauge.
Finally, enjoy this video clip from a film profiling Leupold & Stevens from the late 1930s.


In this Article, we are presenting a free PDF download of Pandemic 1918: The Story of the Deadliest Influenza in History PDF using below direct links. Please note guys in order to ensure that our important visitors safety don’t compromised and you enjoy faster downloads, we have used trusted 3rd-party repository links that are not hosted on our website.
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Key Features of Pandemic 1918: The Story of the Deadliest Influenza in History PDF
Below are some of the key features of Pandemic 1918: The Story of the Deadliest Influenza in History PDF:
In the dying months of World War I, Spanish flu suddenly overwhelmed the world, killing between 50 and 100 million people.
German soldiers termed it Blitzkatarrh, British soldiers called it Flanders Grippe, but globally the pandemic gained the notorious title of ‘Spanish Flu’.
Nowhere escaped this common enemy: in Britain, 250,000 people died, in the United States it was 750,000, five times its total military fatalities in the war, while European deaths reached over two million. The numbers are staggering. And yet at the time, news of the danger was suppressed for fear of impacting war-time morale. Even today these figures are shocking to many – the war still hiding this terrifying menace in its shadow.
And behind the numbers are human lives, stories of those who suffered and fought it – in the hospitals and laboratories. Catharine Arnold traces the course of the disease, its origins and progress, across the globe via these remarkable people. Some are well known to us, like British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, US President Woodrow Wilson, and writers Robert Graves and Vera Brittain, but many more are unknown. They are the doughboys from the US, gold miners in South Africa, schoolgirls in Great Britain and many others.
Published 100 years after the most devastating pandemic in world history, Pandemic 1918 uses previously unpublished records, memoirs, diaries and government publications to uncover the human story of 1918.
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Winegrowers from generation to generation in Maisdon-sur-Sèvre
At the origins of the Domaine Girard
In the Girard family, muscadet goes back to the 1940s-1950s when at the Rebourgère, a hamlet of Maisdon-sur-Sèvre, between two rivers (the Sèvre and the Main), at the heart of the vineyard of the region of Nantes, Gaston had to work from an early age for the family farm. He was the only son of Marcel and Gabrielle Girard and helped his mother, a brave and ambitious woman with a strong character. She had just lost her husband who came from the war with illness. At this time, like in most farms, they did mixed farming: some cattle, some cereal crop and some vine.
An audacious outlook
In 1961, Gaston married Georgette, a young woman from a nearby village called La Haie-Fouassière. Together, they never stopped making the plantation grow, giving up mixed farming and cattle to focus on the vine only. In the 1970s, they developed direct selling, being pioneers of this type of marketing. While Gaston was dealing with the wine-making process, the whole family was busy with the bottling, the labelling and the wrapping of the product. At the end of the week the family had to cross Brittany, Normandy and the region of Nantes to deliver wine to the cafés, the restaurants and the private clients. First with a car and a trailer, that were soon replaced by a Citroën “H” van. What an adventure!
Between legacy and modernity
The third generation came with Patrick, the son of the family. From his first steps, he followed his father in the vines. After studying wine-making, he joined his father on the plantation in 198*. After a few years working with his parents, he took over the plantation in 1991, when Gaston retired. However 1991 was a peculiar year, Patrick married Martine in May but the month before the vine froze and the crop was annihilated. But Patrick and Martine overcame these difficulties with bravery and ambition, and years after years, with experience and knowledge acquired by the former generations, improved by the modern technics in the vines and in the wine cellar, they made the familial plantation grow.
The Domaine Girard nowadays
The motto of the family is the quality of the work, the precision and the flawless quality of the wine that was awarded multiple times with gold, silver and bronze at the different competition in Paris, Nantes, Vertou and Maisdon-sur-Sèvre. Today the Domaine Girard counts 93 acres of vine in reasoned culture. 60% of the crop is sold directly and the range of wine is diversified. Patrick works at the shaping of the vine, at the wine making and the commercialisation, Martine works at the wine cellar, she prepares the orders and she deals with administrative and accounting work. The 4th generation is now arriving with Guillaume, Patrick and Martine’s son. Since 2013 and after studying wine-making and marketing, he works with his parents on the plantation, combining, like his father before him, tradition and modernity.


Bhima Koregaon Battle
Bhima Koregaon Battle
Why in news: Release Bhima Koregaon activists: U.N. human rights body, OHCHR asked Indian Government.
About the Battle:
The Battle of Koregaon (also called the Battle of Koregaon Bhima, after the river Bhima that flows close to it) was fought on 1 January 1818 between the British East India Company and the Peshwa faction of the Maratha Confederacy, at Koregaon Bhima.
Led by Captain Francis Staunton, the Company troops defended their position for nearly 12 hours, before the Peshwa’s troops ultimately withdrew, fearing the imminent arrival of a larger British force.
The battle was part of the Third Anglo Maratha war, a series of battles that culminated in the defeat of the Peshwa rule and subsequent rule of the British East India Company in nearly all of Western, Central and Southern India. There is a “victory pillar” (obelisk) in Koregaon commemorating the battle.
200th anniversary of Bhima Koregaon Battle
The Bhima Koregaon case dates back to January 1, 2018, which marked the 200th anniversary of the battle of Bhima Koregaon. The event was organised to celebrate the victory of the British, which included a large number of Mahars, against Peshwa Baji Rao II’s army.
Several human rights activists, including Sudha Bharadwaj, Varavara Rao and Gautam Navlakha, were arrested during the course of the investigation. The case is currently with the National Investigation Agency (NIA).
The OHCHR, in its weekly briefing, also reiterated the concerns that were expressed by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights last year about the arrests of activists in India and about the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA).
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) was established by the UN General Assembly on 20 December 1993 in the wake of the 1993 World Conference on Human Rights.
Objectives of OHCHR
- Promote universal enjoyment of all human rights by giving practical effect to the will and resolve of the world community as expressed by the United Nations
- Play the leading role on human rights issues and emphasize the importance of human rights at the international and national levels
- Promote international cooperation for human rights
- Stimulate and coordinate action for human rights throughout the United Nations system
- Promote universal ratification and implementation of international standards


Course was designed by the celebrated Scottish golfer and five times winner of the British Open Championship James Braid (1870 – 1950). Braid, born in Earlsferry, Fife, won his first Open title in 1901 and went on to become the first of ‘The Great Triumvirate’ of Braid, Harry Vardon and J H Taylor to win 5 titles (1903, 1905-6, 1908 and 1910).
Horace Hutchinson said that Braid had a ‘drive with divine fury’ and he pioneered the explosion shot from sandy bunkers. (Photo by Evening Standard/Getty Images)
Although Scarborough North Cliff Golf Club dates back to 1909, the present course was designed by James Braid and established in 1928.
A fabulous photo which we’ve been made aware. It is taken at where North Cliff Golf Club was originally located, the site of what was later Mr. Marvels (Zoo & Marineland) and the Open Air Theatre, looking down over Peasholm Park.
The course starts on the cliff top and then moves inland threading its way between trees and spinneys, with lovely views of the North Yorkshire Moors before returning to the cliff top for the final three holes. The course is sufficiently undulating to be interesting without being excessively hilly and is a tough but fair test for golfers of all abilities.
With the prevailing wind from the west the first five holes provide a stiff test of golf and par on these holes is a good start. The homeward run has glorious sea views across the North Bay towards the Castle before arriving back at the Clubhouse where a welcome drink awaits
The History of the Club is captured in “Tales from a Seaside Golf Club” by club member Paul Bang
Hole nunber 6 is superb hole, in an exhibition match in late 60’s that included Ryder Cup stars Neil Coles & Max Faulkner, Faulkner who was the 1951 Open Champion was reported to have stood on this tee & said ” who the %#€%# designed this hole. Well actually 5 time Open Champ James Braid that’s who. Our then Club Sec, local Butcher & scratch golfer Bert Coultas stood in at last minute & shot par on the day.
North Cliff Golf Club First Pro
The tall guy in the centre is North Cliff Golf Club first Pro Bertie Snowball who lost the Irish Pro championship at Royal Portrush in 1907 2&1 against James Edundson.
However he did land an assistants job at Royal Portrush when he was asked to join former Scarborough Town Pro Willie Gaudin as assistant there.
© 2019 North Cliff Golf Club ~ Scarborough.
All Rights Reserved


The Amazing Library of Alexandria
The Library of Alexandria was the largest library of the
ancient world. At that time, the knowledge was written on papyrus rolls, made out of the pith of the papyrus plant, once abundant on the Nile Delta
of Egypt. The pith was made into a sheet, sheets attached together end to end and two
wooden rods were attached at the beginning and the end of the papyrus roll.
read a papyrus roll, one should roll it to the left rod and unroll it from the
right rod, making a written column visible.
Once the papyrus roll reached its end, it should be rolled back on the right rod, so the next person can start reading from the beginning. Because the papyrus was a fragile material, it cracked in time and sometimes pieces of it got lost, making the understanding more difficult.
The Library of Alexandria was a place where scholars (people who were learning) studied and debated what they've learned. One of the most important discoveries made in the Library of Alexandria was Eratosthene's calculation of the Earth's circumference. His result was very close to today's measurements!
Another important edifice that I "touch" on in this book is the Lighthouse of Alexandria. It was declared one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World - a one hundred meters tall construction built in three tiers (square, octagonal and cylindrical) with a statue of Zeus on top of it. The Lighthouse of Alexandria was damaged over the centuries by earthquakes.
The leprechaun who learned to dance
This is a kindergarten story. With the proper illustrations, it will spark!