Saturday, May 29, 2010
Eugene Arthur Gammon- World War II
There is a small memorial marker standing silent vigil at the Fort Logan National Cemetery in Denver, Colorado. There is no body buried beneath the marker. Sadly, this sailor was never brought home to his family. His mother was never able to lay her son to rest in the family cemetery. It is certain that Eugene A. Gammon died 24 October 1944 when the Arisan Maru (P.O.W. hell ship) was sunk off the coast of Formosa. Yet, Eugene Arthur Gammon is one of thousands still listed as Missing in Action from World War II.
Eugene was born 3 January 1915 in Ramah, a small town located about 38 miles from Colorado Springs, Colorado. He was the son of Eugene and Gertrude Dunning Gammon. His father was a proud cattle rancher. He was the oldest of two boys. Growing up the Gammon boys were taught to love their land and love their country. Since they had been “knee high” Eugene and his brother, James, were often told of their great great grandfather fighting in the Revolutionary War along side George Rogers Clark. Since before this country was founded the Gammons and Robinsons have been intertwined in her history. When called on, they have always served her needs.
Eugene was different from his younger brother. James wanted to spend his life on the family ranch in Ramah. Eugene, he loved Colorado but since visiting his cousin in California he longed to see the world, long to see what laid beyond the Pacific. Eugene enlisted in the United States Navy hoping this would allow him to see the world. In August 1940 he reported for duty on the U.S.S. Canopus stationed in Manila. In his letters home Eugene wrote about his life on the“Old Lady”, the beauty of the beaches and people, the unbearable heat compared to the gentle summers in Colorado. He wrote to his mom that his ship was called the “Mama-san” because the Canopus repaired and serviced the subs of the pacific. Eugene missed home but loved his new adventure. He was hoping soon he would be able to visit other exotic places.
Eugene’s dreams of seeing the world changed December 7, 1941. His horrific fate was sealed that Sunday in the Cavite Naval Yard. Hours after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Japanese began bombing Manila. Soon the men of the Canopus were working day and night repairing the ships that were damaged by the daily air raids. On Christmas day, as his family attended church praying for Eugene’s safe return, the Canopus sailed into Mariveles Bay at the tip of Bataan. All other ships were ordered out of Philippines, the U.S.S. Canopus would be serving alone. On December 27 the “Old Lady” took a direct hit, which penetrated all decks and exploded in the alley shaft killing 6 sailors and igniting her powder magazines. The Japanese were not successful in sinking her, the crew worked gallantly saving what seemed to be impossible. That night the first of her crew were buried at sea. Once again on January 6, the Canopus suffered a direct hit. Eugene wrote home he was not sure how much longer they would be able to hold on. They worked under the cover of darkness to repair their ship. At the same time the crew were converting her launches into gunboats to support the Marines off Corregidor. During her short service in World War II, the U.S.S. Canopus received only one battle star, but the battle lasted a long 4 months. Eugene and his fellow sailors fought heroically never giving up even in the face of overwhelming Japanese forces.
9 April 1942, starving, out of ammunition, and out of supplies, the crew was ordered to scuttle the U.S.S. Canopus. On 10 April 1942, her crew did what the Japanese had tried to do for four and a half months they laid the “Old Lady” to rest at bottom of Mariveles Bay with 13 of her crew. As she slowly disappeared into the bay, the reality of what laid ahead for Eugene and the rest of the crew must have been overwhelming. 11 April 1942 Eugene and the rest of the Canopus crew became part of the 4th Marine Division defending Corregidor.
Eugene A. Gammon, service number 96600 USN became a Prisoner of War. After the fall of Corregidor, his journey into hell began at the hands of the Japanese. For three weeks the prisoners were held in Corregidor they faced machine guns, random killings by the Japanese, starvation and disease. The United States Navy lists Eugene's capture after the fall of Corregidor, but in the Greeley Daily Tribune dated 28 February 1944 his mother stated that she clearly saw her son Eugene in some of the photos of the Bataan Death March which if true, meant he had been captured after the fall of Bataan almost a month earlier. She later wrote she fell to her knees crying when she first saw Eugene in the photos. Her handsome son who could wrangle a steer singularly had whittled away to mere skin and bones. For days his mother, Gertrude, could not sleep or eat, she was happy to see her son, yet horrified at how he appeared. Eugene is listed in Japanese records as a prisoner in Bilibid prison beginning in June of 1942. For the next three weeks, Eugene slept on concrete floors, lived on rice balls. The daily enemies at Bilibid were starvation, disease, abuse and boredom.
Eugene was transferred to Cabanatuan Prison in July of 1942. Cabanatuan was made famous by the 2005 film, “The Great Raid.” The story of the rangers rescuing the POWs before the Japanese tried to killed them. Sadly Eugene would never see rescue, never find freedom. For the next two and half years Eugene was a resident of camp 1, Cabanatuan. During the first 8 months Cabanatuan prison over 2,400 prisoners died from starvation or disease. Eugene was listed on burial detail. 30 to 50 prisoners were buried each day. July 1942 85 % of the men who died were under the age of 30. Several men attempted escape in the first few weeks of Cabanatuan, they were unsuccessful. To prevent further escapes the Japanese instituted groups of 10 named “Blood Brothers” or “Shooting Squads’. If anyone of the group escaped the other 9 would be executed. To protect the lives of all the prisoners, the American officers instituted a no escape policy. Men were made to sign an agreement not to attempt escape. They were told if they escaped and survived they would be court martialed after the war for the deaths of the other 9 in the group. It was a common practice by the japanese, before a man was executed he would be forced to dig his own grave as the other prisoners looked on. He would then most likely beheaded. There was later testimony at the War Crimes trial that on numerous instances, the guards would place the head of the decapitated POW on a pole and march it around the camp for all the prisoners to see. Food, water and sanitation were almost non-existent. Most of the food and water the prisoners received was smuggled in by brave civilians. Lugao, a thin watery soup became the main staple of every prisoner. Rice balls and worms were a luxurious dinner. Each morning the dying were removed from the barracks and taken to “zero ward”. Aptly named because those taken there had zero chance of surviving.
May 1943. almost a year after Eugene’s capture, the family received official notification from the Navy that their son, Eugene Arthur Gammon, was a prisoner of war at Cabanatuan. Eugene was promoted in absence to the rank of Boatswain, W.O. July 1943. For 2 years, 5 months Eugene would rot/waste away at the hands of the Japanese. During this time his mother would receive only two “form cards” from her son. When Gertrude died, she was buried with the cards, the last remaining items she had that her son’s hands had touched.
Late summer of 1944 the Japanese were aware of the approaching American forces. In August 1944 the Japanese issued a “Kill All” Policy. The Americans were not to find the prisoners. As MacArthur prepared to attack Leyte, Eugene and 1784 other prisoners of Cabanatuan were loaded on the Arisan Maru for transport to Japan. They were crammed like sardines into dark black hulls. . Later in war records these hulls were named hold 1 and 2. There was no sanitation, no fresh air to breath in the holds. The stench and heat were unbearable. The ship was part of a merchant convoy and was not marked as a POW transport ship. For two weeks the men in the holds suffered from heat and continued starvation. It was just before dinner on October 24 when two torpedoes struck the Arisan Maru. The ship stopped instantly and began taking on water. The Japanese issued abandoned ship orders. Before evacuating the ship, the Japanese cut the rope ladder leading to hold 1 and closed the hatches on hold one and two. Trapping the POWs below, guaranteed to cause certain death.. Gathered from surviving testimony, men in hold two though they suffered years of starvation, their will to live prevailed, they escaped their hold and lowered a rope down to the men in hold one. The prisoners jumped from the Arisan Maru and swam to the other Japanese ships who were part of the merchant convoy only to be beaten away, left to drown in the Pacific. Eugene and the other prisoners watched as the merchant ships left them floating in waves of salt water. The men grabbed onto anything that floated, wreckage left by the Arisan Maru. Some men drown quickly, others lasted for hours, days waiting for rescue. As they languished in the pacific they could hear the cries and prayers of those around them. The men watched in agony as their fellow POWs slipped into the depths of the ocean, knowing that eventually that would be their fate. They prayed for a miracle, a ship to find them, but the sub who sank the Arisan Maru was unaware the ship carried prisoners. It went about its mission patrolling the pacific. Out of the 1795 prisoners on the Arisan Maru, only 7 survived, Eugene was not one of them. The Pacific Ocean whom Eugene had fallen in love with on his trip to California, swallowed his body, took Eugene to his watery grave.
Several years after the war ended a fellow POW from camp 1 at Cabanatuan visited the Gammon family in Colorado. He tried his best to answer Eugene's mother’s questions, fill in the blanks of the last part of Eugene’s life. Although beaten and starved Eugene never lost his faith, he prayed every night. During the blistering heat of the Philippines he often told of the soft first snowfalls of Colorado. Before the war, he longed to see the world, at Cabanatuan all he dreamed about was his home in Colorado. Eugene often told his fellow prisoners after the war, they had to visit Colorado, it was the most beautiful place on earth. To cheer men up Eugene would often tell stories of chasing lost cattle in the pass between the mountains. He told of his childhood adventures in Colorado. Eugene often spoke of his mother. He worried most about her, on more than one occasion he said the pain his mother was feeling had to be much worse than what he was going through. He wished/prayed he could hug his mom just once, tell her he was okay. He was coming home one day.
The sinking of the Arisan Maru is the worst Naval disaster in U.S. history. 1780 POWs lost their life after suffering for years at the hands of the Japanese.
There is no definitive answer on when Eugene Arthur Gammon died. Did he die within hours of the sinking of the Arisan Maru or did he linger for days praying for a miracle? I have often wondered, before his death as he closed his eyes was he able to see one last time his home nestled in the foothills of the Rockies?
On Corregidor there sits a memorial to all those who died in the Pacific during World War II. The inscription along the rim of the alter reads;
Sleep, my sons,
Your destiny done,
For freedom’s light has come;
Sleep in the depths of the sea,
Or in your hallow sod,
Until you hear at dawn,
The low reveille of God
Rest in Peace Eugene Arthur Gammon and all those who died serving in the Pacific.


Getting High On Hemp History From Chinese Medicine Right Up To Locoweed and the Farm Bill That Made Hemp Legal in America Once Again
Hemp has a global history bursting with stories that’ll send your imagination on an around-the-world trip. Think traces of cannabis mummified in ancient tombs, Asian jungles, Chinese emperors plus a lot of Viking raider rope. Oh, and George Washington!
Below, we’ll zipline through some ancient stuff, then zoom in on the past 120 years of cannabis in the U.S. The past century of U.S. policies regulating products like our CBD pre rolled joints made from the cannabis sativa plant is addled with false claims and is bursting with fear of immigrants and racist policing. Let’s see why (ahem, parents).
A Short Look at The Long History of Hemp
Human use of hemp predates written history. And for as long as cannabis has impacted humans - as a food, medicine, ceremonial plant and as an industrial material - so have we impacted it (think crossbreeding). The cannabis plant has migrated along with human civilization. It seems to have originated in Central Asia, says botanist Liz Rogan.
“Cannabis grows in disturbed areas, along water where all people and all animals have to go,” she said.
The plant’s initial value to humans was utilitarian. Its edible seeds provided protein and antioxidants plus aided in digestion. Consuming it orally seemed to make folks feel better; Chinese and Indian texts penned before 1000 BC attest to the healing value of hemp. In India it was mixed with milk as a healing drink.
Early 20th century photo of a hemp rope factory in the Philippines
Its stalky fibers were also used for making textiles like cloth and rope. Because of its useful nature, people brought hemp with them as they migrated. Two main variants developed in response to different environments.
Sativa variants that grew in moist Southeast Asian jungles had to contend with high, vertical layers of lush vegetation competing for filtered rays of sunshine. Cannabis plants growing in these humid jungles had to sprout tall, thin stalks and skinny leaves in order to catch light. The buds they formed were long and airy and burst with the mold-resistant terpene limonene (If you aren’t hip to terpenes yet, read this post). The plant had a long growing season and pollinated as winds gusted gently through the rainforest.
The indica variant developed in far different conditions. Zooming west to the craggy Hindu Kush Mountains west of China, imagine standing on a windswept ridge. Like the trees and shrubs growing around it, the cannabis plants here were necessarily short in this harsher, unrelentingly sunny environment where the growing season for cannabis is a mere 8 weeks. The plant stayed low to the ground to retain moisture. The nighttime cold turned the plant’s leaves a bit purple, and it pollinated thanks to insects attracted to its sweet terpenes. The buds of these Indica plants were harder and more densely stacked to resist intense winds.
Cannabis was catalogued by Chinese herbalists as far back as 2700 BC and mentioned in Hindu texts dating back to 1400 BC. Cannabis pollen and cannabinoids have been found in Egyptian mummies. By the 13th century, the value of cannabis for religious ceremony and recreational use was realized across Asia, Europe and the Middle East. This is all to say, everybody figured out how to get high with cannabis by then.
Knowledge of the recreational and religious value of cannabis spread in the same way as knowledge of how to use the plant for utility. Hemp ropes were used by seafarers from Vietnam to Italy and Scandinavia.
After spreading via the Silk Road across Europe, hemp was introduced to North America by the Jamestown settlers. Several founding fathers, including George Washington, grew it for industrial purposes: cloth, rope, paper. Every history of hemp in America points out that the Commonwealth of Virginia once required farmers to grow it and sanctioned it as legal tender.
So how did we wind up a country where everyone had to stash their grass?
Great-Grandad’s Grass: The Messy History of Modern U.S. Policies Governing Cannabis
Hemp farm, Kentucky, 1920
Let’s jump a few generations to the 1900s, to the days of snake-oil salesmen and tinctures promising all the fixes for all the ailments. Narcotics, alcohol and cannabis were tucked into all kinds of remedies: think “Baby Calming Drops.” Yipes (hey, it worked!).
In 1906, President Teddy Roosevelt signed the Pure Food and Drug Act into law. It required dangerous or addictive ingredients to be listed on food and medicine labels and banned the sale of misbranded or adulterated foods and medicines. The 1906 Act took decades to implement and led to additional legislation that coalesced in the creation of the FDA.
A 1915 example of anti-Mexican, anti-cannabis propaganda.
During this era, hemp and marijuana were known simply as cannabis. Derogatory names like “loco-weed” and “marihuana” entered the lexicon around the same time as Mexicans fleeing the Revolution of 1910 emigrated and settled in the American Southwest. These migrants did bring with them a culture of smoking marijuana recreationally, and sadly cannabis fell prey to the same xenophobic propagana as the new arrivals themselves. WIth the movement toward Prohibition marching forward in the background, scandalous headlines of the era proclaimed that Mexicans were distributing the “killer weed” to school-aged white American kids. Muy problemático.
1930s anti-cannabis propaganda.
By 1931, at least half of all states had outlawed what had now become commonly referred to as marijuana. The terms hemp and cannabis virtually disappeared and the plant was referred to as marijuana so as to diminish immigrants from Mexico. In 1936 the release of a campy propaganda film called Tell Your Children - better known today as Reefer Madness - warned Americans that smoking “a burning weed with its roots in hell” can lead to insanity, suicide, murder and death. Cue high-pitched screaming white women jumping off balconies.
This all meant there was little public resistance to the federal Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, which taxed the trafficking of marijuana and effectively criminalized marijuana. It did not pertain to cannabis grown for industrial purposes. According to the Journal of Animal and Environmental Law, this legislation did, however, place “all Cannabis culture under the regulatory control of the U.S. Treasury Department . . . [and] required the registration and licensing of all hemp growers with the Federal Government in an effort to restrict production of marijuana in the United States.”
When not concerned with Mexicans, the federal narcotics agents of the era obsessively tried to bust Black jazz musicians they accurately suspected of smoking cannabis.
Happy Days for Hemp In World War Two End in a War On Drugs
The federal government actually encouraged American farmers to grow hemp during World War Two because the supply of hemp it imported from the Philippines and elsewhere in Asia was cut off. The plant was needed for the war effort. Hemp was used to make ropes, webbing for parachutes, thread for shoes and cloth. The government even ran an extensive campaign called Hemp for Victory.
After the war, synthetic fabrics began to become widely available. The campaign to invest in hemp turned into a financial bust for farmers. Abandoned cannabis plants could be seen filling ditches all around the heartland. The last commercial hemp crop of this era was planted in 1957.
Sure, farmers still grew “marijuana,” but it was all a bit hazy and unofficial. The pressure on law enforcement officials to destroy cannabis grown for recreational consumption slowly intensified with the War on Drugs. Eventually most hemp or marijuana found in the United States had been imported through Mexico through the black market.
In the 1950s and ’60s, beatniks and hippies began appropriating the use of cannabis from Black jazz musicians. It went fairly mainstream. But that party ended with the 1970 Controlled Substances Act, which President Nixon signed in May 1971. It banned the growth and possession of cannabis of any kind. It refused to distinguish between hemp and marijuana (both plants stem from the same genus of plants, cannabis) and added all forms and varieties of the cannabis plant to the list of Schedule 1 substances.
Poster from a 1972 California campaign to decriminalize cannabis.
As in the ’30s, worry about the effect of marijuana on children was high in the 1970s and 80s. The creation of parents groups expressing concern led to mandatory sentences for drug-related crimes and the three-strikes policy of the Regan era. There was no distinction made between hemp as an industrial crop and marijuana as a medicine.
The decades following 1970 have been fraught with problematic consequences - intended or not - of the War on Drugs begun under Nixon. Many of these continue, such as the over-policing of black and brown communities. In states where possession of marijuana remains a crime, the ACLU says Black people are at least 3 times more likely than whites to be arrested for possession of marijuana, despite the fact that Black people use marijuana at the same rates.
Awareness of this issue has grown; we at Dad Grass are supporting The Last Prisoner Project, which works to release cannabis prisoners and help them to rebuild their lives post-incarceration. A feature on our website lets you donate a few extra bucks when you make a purchase from us.
The 2014 Farm Bill Creates A New Opening For Hemp
A legal hemp farm.
Signed by President Obama, the 2014 Farm Bill began a shift toward separating hemp from marijuana. Finally, cooler heads.
It gave states and institutions of higher education the opportunity to create pilot programs to study the growth, cultivation and marketing of industrial hemp. The bill defined hemp according to its THC levels, not any botanical or other scientific destruction. It also required that THC concentration be less than .3% on a dry-weight basis. As a result of this legislation, 40 states created pilot programs to explore the untapped potential of this magical plant.
“The bill did restart hemp growth in the U.S.,” said Bill Richmond, the chief of the U.S. Domestic Hemp Production Program with the USDA.
According to the Rodale Institute, just under 10,000 acres of hemp were cultivated in the U.S. under agricultural pilot and other programs in 2016. That number more than doubled to just shy of 26,000 acres in 2017.
The 2018 Farm Bill finally divorced hemp and marijuana and allowed licensed farmers to grow hemp as long as it did not contain more than .3% THC. More on this paradigm-shifting piece of legislation is coming up in a future post.
According to Project CBD, there were 230,000 acres planted with hemp in 2019.
Hemp History You Can Use
The revived separation of hemp from marijuana has, happily, created an opening for us to revive the mellow sensibility of the casual smoke with our CBD joints. We’re also buzzed about greater public awareness and research initiatives into the benefits of all kinds of whole-plant cannabis. It’s got a lot to offer, and the more that’s understood about hemp flower, how cannabinoids work in our bodies, and the effects of the policies governing it, the more we can all benefit.
Who knew Dad’s stash was so subversive?


Crescent Boat Club was organized in 1867 when the Pickwick Barge Club and Iona Barge Club merged membership. The Club incorporated for the purpose of healthful rowing and gentlemanly fellowship, and received a charter from the City of Philadelphia to do so along the river, below Lemon Hill, on part of an estate that eighty years earlier had belonged to Robert Morris, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and principal financier of our Revolutionary War.
Crescent went to work and built a substantial building to house the boats that was completed in 1868.
The Boathouse 1867-1868
Soon after the turn of the decade Crescent and Pennsylvania expanded the building. The enlarged building had three boat bays on first floor, and lockers and reception rooms above. The Crescent tower was built, and also a campanile, or a large skylight, above the locker room.
This 1871 construction was designed by well-known architect, Mr Davis Supplee. He was a rower, and a member of the Crescent Club.
When present-day club members were renovating the interior of the building in early 2012, they discovered a section of stairway, hidden behind the bar, that had led up to the (at that time) roof and the campanile. Also discovered was structural steel beams. It was during these years of the last quarter of the 19th century that builders were beginning to take advantage of the great strength of steel. In Paris, they would show off the Eiffel Tower. Here in Philadelphia, this Centennial Observation tower. Such construction presaged the urban skyscrapers that would soon be built. In Crescent boathouse, the cast steel spans the boat bays, still, and carries the weight of the masonry walls above. In old photo below, of a family standing beside Crescent Boathouse, just visible in the distance is the old Spring Garden St. bridge, an early steel suspension structure spanning the Schuylkill from the City to the village of Mantua.
By the end of the 1880’s, the club’s growth, the city’s growth,and the growth of rowing as a pastime, necessitated further enlargement of its building. Crescent engaged renowned Philadelphia architect, Charles Balderston. He suggested raising the roof, adding another bay for the boats, and revamping the exterior’s mid-Victorian gothic detailing to a now late Victorian Era fashion – post and beam neo-Tudor with soaring highly detailed brick chimneys and eyebrow windows in the roof. This Balderston vision was realized in 1891. Aside from a small enlargement of the downriver boat bay done in the 1960s to accommodate the storage of the over sixty-feet long Eight-oared shells, Balderston’s work survives and is the current footprint of the building.
The Balderston wing was built on soft soils. Nearly all the boathouses along the row built in the later 1800’s were built with pilings driven into the soft alluvial soils created after the Fairmount Dam and waterworks had been erected.
The very impoundment that was the source of so much public good in Philadelphia – diminishment of the summertime yellow fever outbreaks, protection of pure drinking water, pumped up to the Fairmount Reservoir then delivered by gravity within pipes to each house in the city – slowed the river’s current. This damming, and the City’s acquisition of farms in the watershed which occasioned the formation of the largest park within any city, led to the buildup of silty soils along the riverbank on which the later boathouses were built. The boathouses slipped into the river, almost as easily as the oarsmen slipped boats into the river.
Crescent’s latest expansion tipped downward at the river side. The settlement eventually stabilized and building stopped moving. In the Balderston wing, members can put a marble on the reception room floor and watch it roll down the floor, descending nine inches from one side of the room to the other.
For years and years, the crooked boathouse stayed steady. In the later decades of the twentieth century, ground water levels changed beneath the city, anti-pollution efforts worked to cleanse the river, and with the increased clarity and the increased oxygen levels of the Schuylkill’s waters, the foundation pilings began deteriorating again, and the building is once more tilting.
The Club members are presently mounting an effort to protect, preserve and restore the old building out of respect for its history, and the hope that it can continue for another hundred and fifty years to be a place for Philadelphians to row, enjoy the river and one another’s friendly companionship.
Rowing and Racing History of the Crescent Club
The club joined the Schuylkill Navy in 1868 and later incorporated in 1874.
Rowing was growing in popularity not only as a participant sport, but also as a spectator sport. In the 1860’s and through the end of that century rowing developed as a commercial enterprise – large crowds of spectators, bets and wagers, prize money for the rowers. In some ways, the clubs that banded together as the Schuylkill Navy were attempting to preserve some space in the sport would allow for competition without the professionalism that had been taking over the sport.
This dynamic would play itself out again and again – in the Olympic movement of the early part of the 20th century, to pay or not to pay college football players; to allow NBA players in Olympic basketball competitions; to subsidize elite athletes in any sport – how much does it cost to be the best at anything , how do we motivate the effort that excellence requires, and who bears the cost.
The club chose to be a place for amateurs, joining with the other clubs in the Schuylkill Navy, to espouse those ideals of sport, and then joining the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen (now USRowing). The NAAO was the earliest sports association to articulate the ideals of amateurism – writing this in 2012, writer cannot use the word “amateurism” without its meaning of ‘bush-league’, ‘second-best’, adhering. This wasn’t so in Theodore Roosevelt’s America. So Crescent remained a group of amateurs (amo -amas-amat for those of you with a bit of Latin – “love”), rowing for the love of it. This had some high class/working class implications in the 19th century. Only the affluent could afford such a pastime, the time for leisure, and the surplus wealth to afford recreational boats.
There were men who were fine rowers whose day job was rowing pulling boats, barges, along the Schuylkill and its commerce laden canals. They were declared ‘professionals’ also, and there is no evidence that they were very welcome in Crescent during those years when its membership was architects, doctors, men of the law and commerce. It would be in the next century, early in it, when Boathouse Row and its clubs opened up to the working classes, then later in the 20th century, to women and people of color. The name Kelly (PennAC and then Vesper) is known to most Philadelphians, but John B. Kelly was just one of a larger group of men who were great rowers in their prime, and then great advocates of expanding the opportunities for the sons of new Philadelphians to come onto the river; opening up the river and rowing to the rowhouse kids and sons of immigrants, and the high schools they attended. Bear Curran, John Wilkins, Paul Costello, Charles McIlvaine throughout the 1930’s and into the war years developed and coached school programs expanding the sport of crew, and Philadelphia’s central place in it.
John Wilkins was Crescent’s man. After his competitive career, he built and coached students from Father Judge High School within Crescent. His wife was one of the founders of Philadelphia Girls Rowing Club. John lived on until the late 1990’s and mentored Crescent’s present white-hairs back when.
In addition to many victories celebrated by the club, one early notable rowing event involving Crescent was the first time locally that an eight race was held (at the inaugural National Regatta in Philadelphia in 1873). It is reported that Crescent won by ¾ of a length over Undine and West Philadelphia (Penn AC) boat clubs.
The War and Decline
Crescent remained an active and competitive club through the early 1940’s. However, because of declining post-war membership, Crescent turned the operation of the boat house over to LaSalle (College) Rowing Association from 1951-1960.
The Schools and Scholastic Rowing
RRR – The Rafferty and Ragan Resurgence
After LaSalle vacated the house, John Wilkins, President, and member of Crescent since the 1920’s invited Tom Rafferty to bring his high school rowers to the Crescent. Tom Rafferty and Steve Neczpor became club members and brought their crews into the club as student members. Raf had been coaching a crew of young high schoolers who were rowing off a precarious dock from a warehouse in Manayunk. They brought their boats to #5. The roof was leaking, the floor joists sagging with rot, trophies, and cups and medals had gone missing along with the furniture; windows were without glazing, feral dogs lived in the boat bay. Little of what Keyser had written about in 1875 remained – some of the ‘roughcast tinted plaster’ but none of the cornices, ‘gilt’ or not. While Tom coached, Steve began to stabilize and strengthen the building.
Rowing for Raf, and building for Nez, were David Ragan, the Kealey brothers – Joe and Tom, Tom Daley, Bob Coco, Dave Serdar, Curt Goldacker. They rowed in the mornings and fixed the boathouse on weekends and after the regattas. Rafferty, a plumber by trade, would ‘rescue’ materials from job sites, and slowly the house got equipped with central heating, flush toilets, interestingly tiled showers, steel I-beams, and an assortment of doors, windows and light fixtures. Recently, this writer was turned down by Philadelphia’s Historical Commission for a permit to replace a window in the boathouse – they don’t ((yet) think it their job to preserve the ‘architecture’ of well-known Philadelphia plumbers. But the club does recognize that the twentieth-century history of the club calls for preservation, as well as respect. Were it not for the efforts of such as Nez and Raf, and the young men they taught, the building would be in, rather than still alongside, the waters of the Schuylkill.
Since the 1970’s Crescent has experienced membership growth through novice, junior and masters programs. In particular, our junior program continues to flourish with many summer-time victories and solid representation at the Canadian Henley. Crescent is proud to currently host Roman Catholic High School and Philadelphia University crew programs.


India in England (1936)) 1st Test at Lord's, London England won by 9 wickets (India 147 and 93; England 134 and 108/1). 2nd Test at Old Trafford, Manchester was drawn (India 203 and 390/5; England 571/8d). London Test last match of the series England won by 9 wickets (England 471/8d and 64/1; India 222 and 312 f/o).
1933/34. England. 2-0 (3) India in England Test Series. 1936. England. 2-0 (3) India in England Test Series. 1946.
2007 (England) India secured their first series win in England since 1986, thanks to a compelling victory in the second Test at Trent Bridge, and a large slice of luck in the first at Lord's ...
2018: England 4-1 (5) After six consecutive defeats in England since 1932, Ajit Wadekar’s India created history on the country's seventh tour. In 1971, India not only won their first-ever Test ...
Highest Team Score: 656/8 dec. - Australia vs. England, 1964. Lowest Team Score: 58 - India vs. England, 1952. Highest Successful Run Chase: 294/4 - England vs. New Zealand, 2008
Get Information about India vs England Head to Head Stats in Match 12 like Match Results, Records, Win, Loss, Players, Match Date and lot more only at NDTV Sports.
More Ind Vs Eng Cricket History images


50 years ago on 16 June 1963 the Vostok 6 spacecraft took off from Baikonur with the first woman to go into orbit on board, Valentina Tereshkova. The young, 26-year old woman was allowing her country to once again beat the United States in the space race, which saw the two superpowers pitted against one another against the backdrop of the Cold War and ideological confrontation.
It was this climate of tension that explained why the cosmonaut promised to keep the secret about the major malfunction of her spacecraft which may have prevented her return to Earth! Since then, times have changed and, 30 years after her historic flight lasting almost 3 days, the engineer responsible for the breakdown began to talk openly about it, releasing Valentina Tereshkova from her promise to Korolev, the Soviet genius who designed the Semiorka (today’s Soyuz) rocket.
Interviewed in 2011, Valentina Tereshkova reflected on this flight and this 30-year old secret.
To find out more about women in space, read this Enjoy Space feature published to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Valentina Tereshkova’s flight.
The Cité de l’Espace is paying tribute to female astronauts with a special exhibition presented in this article.
Published 14 June 2013


Heritage pieces are a way of creating a connection to your past, present and future. Pictures In Metal endeavour to create wearable works of art that combine iconography, heraldry, symbolism, national animals and flowers and virtually anything that is important to you. Custom made and hand engraved for you, they are personal pieces of jewellery that truly tell a story. The designs can be traditional heraldic seals, or contemporary carvings with patterns, symbols or animals that speak to your own personal journey.
A classic deep hand carved dragon seal ring. Engraved to wear for generations with custom designed bright cut scroll pattern on the shoulders.
A deep bright cut carving of thistles and chamomile. Each carving playing in the light when turned and sitting in harmony on a silver ring top. The thistles represent the wearer's Scottish ancestry and the chamomile their Russian partner. The ring's shoulders have been left blank to allow room for lettering and symbols for each of their future children.
Background relieved and fine shaded engraving incorporating multiple elements based off this persons heritage. The stoic lion and tulips represent the Dutch blood, the wolf and lillies represent Italy and finally, the unicorn intertwined with thistles the Scottish past.
A traditional coat of arms engraved in a relieved and fine shaded style. This wearer wanted a coat of arms but with their own blood ancestry mixed in. The roses on the shield represent the dominant English blood, while the thistles at the very end of the engraving signal the slight Scottish influence


19 February 2012
The Greater Journey.
I recently read "The Greater Journey, Americans in Paris" by David Mc Cullough. I found it fascinating. Especially regarding the chapters that deal with art students in Paris. Here is my review of the book:
From the year 1830 to about the 1900's many Americans crossed the Atlantic in search of an education in France. Their objective was to improve themselves and bring back to the US the knowledge they could only then acquire in the French capital, Paris. Politicians, doctors, writers and artists endured the trip driven by a desire to learn and expand their horizons. In most cases, they arrived in Paris with no money, no knowledge of the language and very little idea of what they should expect. Due to the difficulty of the trip, they stayed years in Paris, worked very hard and absorbed every idea they were exposed to. Their stories are amazing and very illuminating. The result of their journey was an elite group that really launched the US on its way to occupy its place at the forefront of civilized nations.
Many books have been written about the original Franco-American relations after the Revolutionary war (Jefferson, B. Franklin, etc...) . Also, most people are familiar with the 20th century iconic Americans that paid a visit to the City of Lights (Heminway, Gertrude Stein or Scott Fitzgerald.). But the period covered in McCullough's book is a little more obscure even though it is by no means less important. It's the time of the American Civil War and the Third Republic in France, the time of Abolitionism and the Commune. These were tumultuous times by any standard and it is simply amazing to read about the talented people that risked everything not only for personal glory but to bring back to America culture and new ideas.
For some reason the first three chapters of this book are a bit hard to get through however. These chapters deal will writers like Fenimore Cooper and doctors like Wendell Holmes. But by chapter five I wasn't able to put it down. First, the book has a nice way of weaving the stories of all the characters involved and follow them across time and historical events. Secondly, the biographies of these Americans were indeed interesting, even exceptional. Who knew Morse was a very talented painter before going on to invent the telegraph for example? That the first american female doctor graduated in Paris. Painters like George Healy, O. Tanner, Beckwith, Singer Sargent and Mary Cassatt. Sculptors like Saint-Gaudens. Politicians like Sumner and Wishburne. The American colony in Paris grew and was tested at times by the various upheavals that shook France and the US, the Franco-Prussia war and La Commune being probably the most dramatic and violent fro the french residents but also, of course, the American Civil War.
McCullough is a good writer in that he is able to convey not only the facts but also delves into the difficulties, heroism, and even moods of the people he writes about by researching their correspondence and documents. I recently read a book that would be the perfect companion to McCullough's but from the perspective of french painters: "The Judgement of Paris" . As a painter myself, I found interesting to know that both Manet and Wishburne were both inside Paris during Bismarck's siege, that Singer Sargent and many other American painters were competing with the likes of Meissionier and the group that would eventually become the "Impressionists" for medals in the Salon. But also the conditions in which artists worked and studied in France would interest any art student today and put things in perspective as to what being an artist meant and means today.
The statue of Liberty, the Tower Eiffel, the Smithsonian Institute , many monuments and museums that adorn American Cities, ideas about science and politics, art collections and emblematic artworks... they all make an appearance, step down from their pedestal and become alive , controversial and relevant once more.


Here in Western Australia, we have unique and diverse eco systems.
Those systems have been managed for thousands of years by aboriginal people and the knowledge and oral history they have accumulated has been passed down from generation to generation. The aboriginal people are the oldest living race of human culture on earth and have access to a vault of knowledge that can assist all of us to help manage our environment and stimulate our consciousness. It was really important for our team to develop a project that would bring these two relationships together and allow people to experience this correlation.
The co-existence of nature in Western Australia and the knowledge and history of aboriginal people have been finally brought together .


Six other Louisiana infantry formations, the First, Second, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Regiments, had already been dispatched from the Pelican State to the Old Dominion and Wheat did not want to miss the grand battle that was supposed to win Southern independence in one fell swoop. On June 13, , not a week after his battalion's formal organization, Wheat loaded five of his six companies the Rough and Ready Rangers were retained at Camp Moore because it failed to sufficiently fill his ranks aboard a freight train that was bound for Manassas Junction, a major staging area for the gathering Confederate army in Virginia.
In so doing, Wheat gave up his bid to form a regiment from the special battalion, at least for the time being, and his unit was officially named the "2nd Battalion, Louisiana Volunteers" by the state. The battalion first saw combat during the First Battle of Bull Run , where it anchored the left flank on Matthews Hill long enough for reinforcements to arrive.
During this action, the Tiger Battalion conducted several brazen attacks, with Roberdeau Wheat himself suffering a serious wound at the foot of Matthews's Hill. The Tigers were assigned to Brig. All told, the Louisiana Tiger Battalion listed 47 casualties at the battle 31 wounded, 12 killed, 3 captured, and one wounded and captured. Manassas, August 1, ,.
I beg leave herewith, respectfully, to report the part taken by the First Special Battalion of Louisiana Volunteers, which I had the honor to command in the battle of July According to your [i. Your order to deploy skirmishers was immediately obeyed by sending forward Company B under Captain White. The enemy threatening to flank us, I caused Captain Buhoup to deploy his Company D as skirmishers in that direction. At this conjuncture, I sent back, as you ordered, the two pieces of artillery which you had attached to my command, still having Captain Alexander's troop of cavalry with me.
Shortly after, under your orders, I deployed my whole command to the left, which movement, of course, placed me on the right of the line of battle. Having reached this position, I moved by the left flank to an open field, a wood being on my left. From this covert, to my utter surprise, I received a volley of musketry which unfortunately came from our own troops, mistaking us for the enemy, killing three and wounding several of my men [sic.
Apprehending instantly the real cause of the accident, I called out to my own men not to return the fire. Those near enough to hear, obeyed; the more distant, did not. Almost at the same moment, the enemy in front opened upon us with musketry, grape, canister, round shot and shells. I immediately charged upon the enemy and drove him from his position.
As he rallied again in a few minutes, I charged him a second and a third time successfully. Finding myself now in the face of a very large force—some 10, or 12, in number—I dispatched Major Atkins to you for more reinforcements and gave the order to move by the left flank to the cover of the hill; a part of my command, mistake, crossed the open field and suffered severely from the fire of the enemy.
Advancing from the wood with a portion of my command, I reached some haystacks under cover of which I was enabled to damage the enemy very much. While in the act of bringing up the rest of my command to this position, I was put hors de combat by a Minie ball passing through my body and inflicting what was at first thought to be a mortal wound and from which I am only now sufficiently recovered to dictate this report.
By the judicious management of Captain Buhoup I was borne from the field under the persistent fire of the foe, who seemed very unwilling to spare the wounded. Being left without a field officer, the companies rallied under their respective captains and, as you are aware, bore themselves gallantly throughout the day in the face of an enemy far outnumbering us.
Where all behaved so well, I forbear to make invidious [i. Early, now Captain Early, as a volunteer adjutant, bore himself bravely and did good service. My adjutant, Lieutenant Dickinson was wounded while gallantly carrying my orders through a heavy fire of musketry.
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Captain Miller of Company E, and Lieutenants Adrian and Carey were wounded while leading their men into the thickest of the fight. All of which is respectfully submitted C. After First Battle of Bull Run , the Tigers grew in disrepute in the army due to their rowdy, sometimes uncontrollable behavior, especially after they were assigned to Brig. Their remains are interred at the Centreville Virginia Church. The letter was published in the Daily True Delta :.
On the 9th inst. I will give you a brief account of the cause that led to this lamentable calamity. On the 29th Nov. During the melee several persons were knocked down, among whom, it was alleged, was Col. Harry T. The balance of the statement I have from an eyewitness, Capt. Miller, of our Battalion, who happened to be passing late in the afternoon at the time the difficulty was progressing.
His attention was called by hearing Red's name shouted and immediately upon seeing Col.
Hays with a revolver pointed at Corcoran, he sprang between them, requesting Col. Hays not to shoot and desiring Red to be quiet. He succeeded inputting an end to the disturbance, and both Corocran and O'Brien came peaceably to their quarters. Shortly after, a request cam that the two should be arrested, and Lt. Kennon, who was officer of the day, had them confined to our guard house, where they remained under arrest until after their trial and conviction - the evening of the 5th of December - when they were confined in the general guard house and informed that they were allowed until the morning of the 9th of Dec.
Father Smoulders, chaplain of the 8th Regiment Louisiana Volunteers, whom I believe to be a sincere Christian and most holy man, visited them in the tent where they were to be confined, and remained with them up to the time of their executions, labouring for the salvation of their precious souls, and as he so lovingly expressed it, he believed their repentance to be sincere, and that his labours had not been in vain. The language of both men and their conduct were such as become true soldiers, who, even with their lives, were prepared to serve their country by submitting bravely to the fate ordered by the insulted dignity of the law.
Corcoran and O'Brien both expressed themselves most patriotically. They were ready to die for the preservation of the glorious cause for which they had been fighting; and although they would rather have died on the battlefield, they were ready to die in any way for the interest of their country. No ignomy [sic. They would die a soldier's [death] and the world should know Tiger's can always die like men. They wrote a most touching and affectionate letter of farewell to their officers, spiritual adviser Father Smoulders, friends, companions and brother soldiers, advising them to abstain from the use of intoxicating liquors and instancing their untimely end as a terrible example of the fruits of indulging in reason destroying drink.
The morning of the execution they bade an affectionate farewell to their companions, forgave all the past as they hoped to be forgiven, expressed a belief that a merciful God, through the intercession of the Blessed Saviour, would pardon all their sins and receive their souls for an eternity of bliss.
When brought to the place of execution Corcoran saluted the party who were detailed to execute the last office with a cheerful, "good morning my little lads; don't grieve for use; we are going to a better world," "Don't mangle us; shoot at our hearts if you love us. Boys, God bless you, good-bye! Those strong, stern men, who had braved death upon the shores of the Potomac and fought side by side with the doomed upon the blood-stained field of Manassa, bowed their head upon their rifles, and it was plainly seen each head was bursting with agony; every eye moistened with sympathetic tears.
Red says: "Boys it was at the C's yesterday; it is at the D's today, and I am ready. They had always had the name of having pluck through life and it had not deserted them yet. Upon being informed that they would have to kneel and be blind folded, Red replied: "Father I kneel to God! Tigers a last good-bye. God receive our spirits! Two lives had paid the penalty of their offence.
Louisiana Tigers - Wikipedia
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He grew up in Zurich and became a licensed landscape gardener in Tschumi received his first degree in landscape architecture from the Hochschule Rapperswil in After starting his own landscape architecture practice in , he was also invited as a visiting lecturer to the Fachhochschule Anhalt in Bernburg, Germany.
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Come celebrate Canada Day 2017
in the Old Port of Montreal.
This year marks an important milestone in our history. The Village of the 150th is an immersive exhibit that will dive Canadians into this great adventure covering the past 150 years through games, workshops, entertainment and stage shows. Discover parts of our history, past and present.
We are PEACEKEEPERS We are BUILDERS We are COMPETITORS We are INNOVATORS We are SEAFARERS We are PRODUCERS We are CREATORS


A Split in the Coal Seams Making Two Distinct Veins 60 Feet Apart
The Peach Orchard coal field in Kentucky is thus described by a writer in Black Diamond: The Chatteroi railroad runs almost due south from Ashland, Ky., through a country rich in coal and iron ores. The route is rather picturesque: on one side is the sluggish Big Sandy, and on the other high hills covered with timber. At Louisa, the county seat of Lawrence County, the river separates into the Tug and Levisa Forks, and the railroad enters the coal region between them. All along the route, on the west side from Ashland to Louisa, one saw small openings where the farmers have penetrated the hills for their winter's supply of coal, but not until Peach Orchard is reached is there any regular attempt at mining. Peach Orchard is an old village, built some time in 1850 or 1851. Before the Chatteroi Railroad was built the coal was sent down to the Ohio river in barges. The bargemen counted it a lucky voyage if they saved two out of three of the boats. So much coal was lost in this way that some future geologist may imagine that he has discovered a new vein of coal in the bottom of the Big Sandy river.
The works at Peach Orchard are operated by the Great Western Mining & Manufacturing Co., and are under the care of L. S. Johnson. The mines are 100 feet up in the hills, the coal being lowered on inclined planes. Their capacity is 400 tons a day. The coal is a dry-burning splint coal, remarkably free from sulphur and other impurities, hard and firm, and well adapted for transportation. The seam is six feet in height, but several inches have to be sorted out and thrown aside as bone-coal and shale. Peach Orchard is three miles east from the Louisa Fork of the Big Sandy. The coal in the front or river hill is thin. The first operators before the war tunneled through these hills in this thin coal to reach the vein in its full growth. The old tunnels and tramroads are still there, but the mine owners, and miners of those antebellum days have been gathered to their fathers.
The Chatteroi road, before reaching Peach Orchard, is tunneled through one of the hills three-quarters of a mile long, in the coal level. The vein splits in two in this tunnel, the intercolated material being fire-clay and afterward shale. In fifty yards, the foreign intrusive matter increases to eight feet, the upper member of the seam rising and the lower maintaining its position. The fire-clay under the upper member soon becomes from two to three feet thick. The upper coal gradually loses thickness and finally disappears as a feather edge. At the northern end of the tunnel the upper member reappears and is seen descending toward its normal place, and as the coal leaves the tunnel the two members are less than six feet apart
This splitting of the seam has played havoc with the state geologists of Kentucky, who recognize in two veins sixty feet apart a few miles north of the tunnel the upper and lower members of the tunnel coal. There is no instance in the history of mining operations in the United States of a seam of coal splitting indefinitely. Instances are numerous of coals splitting in two, but the upper member either thins out or disappears entirely or returns to its normal position.
The coal of the Peach Orchard region belongs to the upper series of the lower coal measures. They have no equivalents in the Ohio coal field, their place being represented by the barren measures of the State Geological Reports. In the Peach Orchard field the coal seems to improve to the southeast, and on the Middle Fork of Rock Castle creek, sixteen miles southeast of Peach Orchard, the coals are represented by six veins in the same hill, said to aggregate forty feet. On the Buffenmeyer tract, about midway between Rock Castle and Peach Orchard, one of these seams of coal measures twelve feet in thickness, including three bands of shale.
[Courier, Connellsville, PA, August 2, 1889]


Heavier equipment was brought in to mine the remaining gold reserves but, despite this, production diminished after 1903. Nonetheless, an estimated total of 1,250,000 pounds of gold had been taken from the Klondike area by 2005. Chilkoot Pass, AK Nome Beach, AK 1900 Gold Panning - AK Miners - Wrangell-St. Elias, AK 1898 Alaskan Miners
During the 20th century, repeated improve ments in equipment allowed larger-scale mining of Alaskan gold placers. In the early decades, hoses with nozzles that emitted high-pressure streams of water were used to thaw and loosen huge quantities of gravel for sluicing, a process called hydraulic mining. By the 1930s. the intro
Brief History of Mining Advancement of Mining . From 1898 to 1911 the Nome Gold Rush Klondike Gold Rush and Fairbanks Gold Rush occurred in Alaska bringing prospectors and miners to the Yukon River Valley Coal mining Some coal mining began before 1900 but the most productive coal mining techniques didnt develop until after the turn of the century including
what equipment was used to mining in the 19th century ... 19th century alaska gold mining equipment ... diamond mining in the nineteenth century in United States ... Coal industry Immigration in America... coal was first mined in the United States in mid-eighteenth century Virginia ... Immigrants to the United States came to ... on immigrants ...
Gold mining equipment, Australia, Victorian period Abandoned copper mine ... An old industrial chimney from the 19th century South Engine House at the derelict lead mines workings in Conlig in County Down, ...
gold and diamond mining in south africa in the 19th century ... Roots of Apartheid South Africas Mining Industry - SlideShare 15 May 2014 . The development of South Africa.s mining industry, and how it laid the foundations for ...
Feb 13, 2020 Image via Shorpy. Miners lives in the late-1800s were absurdly dangerous, large in part because many technologies we now take for granted hadnt yet been invented. Even outside of the mines, life was uncertain. We can see today, from the ghost towns scattered across former silver and gold country, how folks followed the bonanzas and how ...
Browse 2,743 gold miner stock photos and images available, or search for gold mining or gold to find more great stock photos and pictures. old prospector panning for gold in a western sunset - gold miner stock pictures, royalty-free photos images. golden nugget - gold miner stock pictures, royalty-free photos images.
The large, industrial Treadwell gold mine opened near Juneau well before the famous strike as well. Gold mining in the Yukon and Alaska was by no means an unheard of industry, and even in the depressed years of the mid-1890s, Seattle and other Northwest cities saw a few gold miners, and supplied them with food and equipment.
Discovery of the oil spurred a 20th-century boom that had similar effects to the gold rushes of the 19th century, expanding communities and industries as eager workers flocked to the state. Enjoy an early dinner at one of several Fairbanks restaurants that sport outdoor decks overlooking the Chena River, then catch an evening flight to Anchorage.
Dec 25, 2021 This makes gold a critical resource in dentistry, medicine, and scientific and electronic instruments. The discovery of gold brought thousands of people to Alaska and the Yukon. It began in 1849 with a Russian mining engineer on the Kenai Peninsula. It continued to 1914 when gold was discovered in Livengood near Fairbanks.
POWERED BY ALASKA MINING. ... Alaska gold can have lifesaving powers. outdoor gear. Mining makes fishing, biking and other summer fun possible. ... Motherlode Cargo Bikes are proof of how a 19th-century invention has been adapted and utilized well into the 21st-century.
Jun 22, 2020 According to one story, the 19th century Siberian gold rush began when a hunter spotted gold among the sand in the innards of a grouse hed shot. During the rush, which peaked in the 1830s and 40s, Russia produced 40 per cent of
Jun 15, 2021 Californias ban on the use of suction dredges to extract gold from rivers is legal and not overridden by a 19th century federal law that allows mining on federal land, the California Supreme Court ruled Monday. Environmentalists say suction dredge mining risks killing fish and stirring up toxic mercury. Is it legal to dredge in California?
Apr 11, 2017 in Skillings Mining Review, October 16, 1937, pp. 1-2, 10-11, et seq. Figure 138 is a longitudinal section of the system in which the lower part is the continuation to the left of the upper part. The general arrangement is shown in plan in figure 139, figure 140 is a section of a truck-dumping station, and figure 141 is a section of a tower- or ...
Apr 15, 2019 There are two basic steps to gold mining prospecting and production. Prospecting refers to the actual search in a certain area for valuable minerals, and production, also known as mining, is the physical act of removing the gold from where you found it.Since different equipment exists for prospecting and mining, this article explores,
Old Gold Mining Brooch / Gold Pan, Pick Axe, Shovel Gold ... Mining 101 Ultimate List of Gold Mining Equipment ... Lot Detail - ANTIQUE COPPER AND TIN GOLD MINING PAN.
For the past 15 years, I have specialized in antique prints and cards from the 18th and 19th century, as well as select vintage items. I have one of the largest collections of antique search and war dog prints, animals and places. ... ALASKA Gold Mine, Mining Equipment Workers, c1914 Antique Collotype Print. $24.95. $5.80 shipping. or Best Offer.
Nov 30, 2021 If you think things can get a little hairy in todays working world, spare a thought for the gold miners of yesteryear. Spine tingling is the way a new exhibition unearthing mishaps, hardships and tragedies of 19th century gold mining in the Maldon area has been described.
Accurate maps were rare. Some sections of Alaska were still using 19th-century Russian colonial charts as recently as the turn of the 21st century. Proper flight bearings were a constant challenge for pilots. During the Alaska winter, the sun rises in the south, not the east. Compass readings are not accurate.
Browse 1,173 gold rush archive stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. gold miners heading west wagon train victorian engraving, 1899 - gold rush archive stock illustrations. gold rush, miners panning for gold, california, 19th century - gold rush archive stock illustrations.
Gold Mining Thin Line Icons - Editable Stroke A set of gold mining icons. The icons include miners mining, mine shaft, gold nugget, dump truck, worker working using shovel, worker wearing miners hat, hard hats, excavator, gold bars, pit mine, smelter, molten gold, scale, sleuth box, bulldozer, pick, shovel, dynamite and panning for gold to name just a few. gold rush
Nov 29, 2021 The gold rushes of the 19th century have long since ended, but there are still plenty of places across the US where you can hunt for the precious metal using a
Sep 18, 2008 Mining was far and away the most significant industry in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Colorado and has remained important since that time. The Pikes Peak Gold Rush brought unprecedented numbers of people into the region and that in turn led to powerful social, economic, and political changes that brought about the creation of Colorado Territory in
Dec 06, 2021 When gold was discovered in California in the 1850s, a frenzy of adventurers headed west seeking their fortunes. Soon thousands of mining towns had popped up all over the West as precious metals ...
Nov 10, 2012 Mining South Africa export, issues, system, infrastructure . Since the late 19th century, South Africa s economy has 80% of South Africa s output. The Sishen Mine, the gold and diamond companies in the nineteenth . More detailed.
Mar 29, 2018 Sewards supposed folly would ultimately prove to be a shrewd bargain on the statesmans part. In addition to the abundant natural resources available, Alaska became fertile territory for gold mining in the late 19th century (i.e.,
Jan 13, 2018 - 19th century gold mining equipment - Yahoo Search Results
Jan 21, 2017 While the Kennecott mine was a copper mine, gold was discovered in Nabesna near the end of the 19th century, and the Nabesna Mining Company was formed in 1929 by Carl Whitham. The present-day Nabesna road was built to provide access to the mining camp.
Dec 21, 2021 Head to the propertys creeks and pan independently, much like 19th-century prospectors did. 9. Liarsville Gold Rush Trail Camp, Alaska. Nearest city Skagway. What to look for Gold. Equipment Pan, sluice box (provided) The Experience Liarsville Gold Rush Trail Camp. Dinner, a show and gold mining are the promises of Liarsville Gold Rush ...
Oct 22, 2008 From the days of the 19th-century gold rush, mining has been encoded in Alaskas DNA. And Pebble Mine, with the promise of 1,000 jobs in an economically depressed region, has a constituency.
In the middle of the 19th century, the popular phrase I have seen the elephant referred to overcoming the adversities and hardships in ones life. A fable revolved around a farmer who heard that the circus was coming to town. He had never seen an elephant, and headed to town with his produce to see the elephant.
Browse 1,477 old gold mine stock photos and images available, or search for mine shaft or gold miner to find more great stock photos and pictures. Battery Hill Mining in Tennant Creek Northern Territory Australia. Eersteling gold mine, Transvaal, South Africa, engraving from The Illustrated London News, No 1873, July 3, 1875.
Commonly a mixture of one or more of the following quartz, gold, copper, silver, sulfur, iron, and nickel. Outcrop That portion of a vein appearing at the surface. P. Pack Train Pack trains were used to transport the bare necessities to miners and loggers in the 19th century. They usually consisted of 5 or more horses or mules and a ...
The region was instead settled largely by Europeans later in the 19th century. The town itself was founded by a French-Canadian, Joseph Juneau, along with Richard Harris, a fellow prospector from Ireland. These and others were attracted to the area by the discovery of gold. Juneau would remain the center of mining operations until World War II.


Back in the 1950s, the only way to listen to audio in your car was by flicking on your AM radio and tuning it into a local station. Needless to say, what you listened to was a bit restricted; you listed to what the DJ had on their playlist and that was that.
They say necessity is the mother of invention and the Columbia Broadcast System (CBS) put their engineering staff on the case. Soon, a solution was developed in the form of a specially-designed record player built just for automobiles. The first automobile company to take advantage of the system was Chrysler Corporation who offered the “Highway Hi-Fi” system on their 1956 models. The story behind this was related to us by a classic car guy at Fred Martin Superstore in Barberton, OH.
The players were contained in a small metal box that mounted on the bottom edge of the dashboard directly above the transmission hump. By pressing the button on the front cover of the player, the door would flip open. The turntable could then be slid out so that you could load a record. Flip the red switch on the left-hand side of the player and the record would begin to play. The amplifier circuit in the radio was used to boost the signal and provide volume, tone, and balance controls.
In order to make the playing time tolerable, a new 16 2/3 rpm speed was used with the records being the same size as the contemporary 45s of the time. This allowed up to 60 minutes per record side. The records were easy to load; unlike the standard phonograph the tone arm was not lifted then lowered onto the start of the record.
If you were to order one of the Highway Hi-Fis on your new Chrysler, Desoto, Dodge or Plymouth, you received with it the first 6 records in the series in a box set, along with a registration card and order form for more records. Only 36 were available when the option first came out with an additional 6 added in early 1956 for a total of 42 available to the general public.
The only other records that were made specifically for this player were not intended for distribution to the general public were dealer demonstration records. When a salesman would bring a prospective buyer out for a test drive, a records would be put in the player and the customer would be told about all the new bells and whistles by a strange voice coming from the radio speaker. The Highway Hi-Fi option was discontinued at the beginning of the 1957 model year. Apparently the system could still be ordered by dealers but it was no longer a factory-approved option.
So, why did the option die so soon? If you read between the lines on the service bulletins related to the player you can see that they had service problems. Apparently the biggest issue was that the players “skipped.” After a short time, the dealers were instructed to send customers to authorized radio repair shops instead of trying to fix the units themselves.
Chrysler corp. licked its wounds and tried again in 1960 but this time the unit was made by RCA the RCA victor. It played standard 45 rpm records. Unlike the CBS models, you could stack up to 12 records at a time in the player. This time the option lasted a full 2 years 1960 and 1961 but I am sure it suffered the same problem as the first (skipping!) The next time you had a choice like this in a Chrysler corp. car was 1968? With 8 track tapes!


St. Thomas Dragway is Southwestern Ontario’s premiere drag racing facility and Canada’s oldest purpose built drag strip. Originally opened in 1962 by Bob & Helen Harvey it continues to be the oldest continually run drag strip in the country. Steeped in a rich history, this historic venue has hosted many racing legends including John Force and was the first drag strip outside of the United State to be sanctioned by the National Hot Rod Association.
Currently, St. Thomas Dragway is owned and operated by Spriet Motorsports Inc. It offers racing every weekend from May to the end of October which includes a season long points program for a number of different race classes, partnering with local car clubs and business for unique events and private track rentals. The newest addition to St. Thomas Dragway is the Off Road Park which will host a few Mud Bog events yearly as well as offer private rentals.
SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES – St Thomas Dragway draws 10,000’s of thousands of people from across SW Ontario and the province. We offer signage programs, class sponsorship opportunities, Event sponsorship opportunities, volume ticket purchases for events, and more. GET YOUR NAME/BUSINESS in front of everyone for as low as $300 (barrier wall program)
For more information, please contact Jarrett Spriet – email@example.com


Minutes of the 2010 TSUK AGM
TSUNAMI SUPPORT (UK)
Charity No. 1121935
Minutes of the AGM held on Saturday 17th April 2010
at The John Flett Theatre, NaturalHistoryMuseum, London SW7 5BD
Co-Chairman Robert Brewster welcomed everyone to the meeting and thanked the NHM for providing the facilities of The Flett Theatre. There were 39 people present.
Robert outlined the items to be covered at the meeting including the progress on the memorial, a visit to the proposed memorial site outside the Darwin Centre and an update on the development of the TSUK website. He acknowledged the considerable help from Michael Holland in moving the Memorial Project forward. He explained that an update on the progress would take place in the afternoon following a buffet lunch.
Steve Gill, Co-Chair, gave apologies from Tal Berman Howarth who had recently given birth to a baby son. Apologies were also received from Renuka Marley. Steve also announced that Kelly Macro had resigned as Secretary due to family commitments. Thanks were expressed for her support and contribution to the Charity.
Minutes of the last AGM held on Saturday 4th April 2009
The minutes were approved and signed.
Matters arising from the last AGM (not covered by the agenda)
There were no matters arising.
Jean Dogan gave a comprehensive report and it was noted that assets had decreased by £6,430 to £13,919. It was proposed and seconded that the accounts be accepted and this was agreed by all present and signed by the Co-Chairmen. Copy of report attached.
Election of Officers and Trustees
There were no new nominations. All previous officers and trustees except the Secretary had agreed to continue and were re-elected.
Roger Jenman agreed to undertake the Secretarial duties and was duly elected.
The Officers of TSUK:
Robert Brewster Co-Chair
Steve Gill Co-Chair
Roger Jenman Secretary
Jean Dogan Treasurer
Robert Whittle Website Co-ordinator
Michael Perry Trustee
Barbara Jenman Events Co-ordinator
Tal Berman Howarth Trustee
Memorial Committee/Steering Committee
At the last AGM Steve Gill, Michael Holland and Michael Perry were appointed to the Memorial Committee. Steve Gill, Robert Brewster and Michael Holland were appointed to a Steering Committee to talk directly with Michael Dixon at NHM. During the year these two functions have evolved into the Tsunami Memorial Project Board.
Additional members to be Co-opted pro-bono on to the Tsunami Memorial Project Board were put forward by Robert Brewster - Sophie Marsham, Charles Tilley and Douglas Millar.
Sophie Marsham is a member of a family deeply affected by the tsunami and is a well known artist specialising in public projects and will help us with any artistic issues.
Charles Tilley, Chief Executive of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants since 2001 and previously Group Finance Director with Hambros PLC. His participation will to ensure that we are getting best value for money with government funding.
Douglas Millar Before his recent retirement he was Clerk to the House of Commons committees for many years and he will make sure we follow proper procedures.
The proposed co-opted members were seconded and agreed.
Tsunami Memorial Project Board Members
Michael Holland Chairman
The formation of the Tsunami Memorial Project Board under the Chairmanship of Michael Holland was unanimously approved.
Presentation of the new TSUK website
Robert Whittle demonstrated the development of the website and the progress to date. He also demonstrated how members may use the site and post relevant stories and information. Links to other sites and pictures should be put through Robert Whittle. There will be a special page for the Memorial Project on which comments and views can be posted. He emphasized that we should encourage people to contribute through the website.
The new TSUK logo is now in use.
A question reference passwords was raised and Robert explained the procedure.
There is still a lot of information to be transferred to the new site and support for Robert to make the necessary progress is to be investigated.
The website address is currently www.tsuk.org.uk and at some point in the near future the existing address presently attached to the old site will point to the new site instead.
Robert was thanked for his presentation.
Any Other Business
There being no further business the meeting closed.


How shall I pay a tribute to the George W. Bush Presidential Center?
The Southern Methodist University (SMU) in Dallas Texas was founded in 1911 by the Methodist Episcopal Church South. Today the University is owned by the South Central Jurisdiction of the United Methodist Church. 12'000 students mostly conservative oriented are presently doing their studies at SMU, thereof 17 percent are Methodist.
In 2008 the University entered into an agreement to establish the George W. Bush Presidential Center (Library, Archive and Museum) on the campus. Connected to it is a private Policy Institute. The Library is one among eleven other Libraries of SMU but is rather dominant in the panoramic view of the main quadrangle.
For the dedication of the new Library George W. Bush invited all the former US Presidents and they arrived and celebrated with him: Jimmy Carter (88), Bill Clinton (66), and father Bush (88) as well as President Obama. The library and museum will be administered by the National Archives and Records Administration while the institute will be privately maintained.
There was a discussion in the United Methodist Church if the University should allow this project to be realized on their campus. The decision to do so was welcomed mostly by the conservative branches of Methodism, but also strongly criticized by the more liberal ones.
The Presidency of George W. Bush was for the international Methodist family often a burden and gave here and there a bad reputation to the brand of Methodism. So are f. e. the Methodists in Europe looking rather critically at the monument, which is now erected on the campus of SMU.
It was reported, that Bill Clinton said among friends: this Library may be the last example in the fights of former presidents to re-write their history.


There is a long history of internationalization at Bosch. The company opened its first international sales office in London in 1898, and by 1913 Bosch was generating 88 percent of its sales outside Germany. The biggest share came from its business in the U.S., which had developed rapidly since the first branch office was established in New York City in 1906. Early links were also forged with countries in Asia, including China in 1909.
On January 1, 1933, Friedrich Schildberger became the first ever official Bosch archivist. Since then, the Bosch Archives have amassed a collection of records covering some 1,600 meters of shelves, over 100,000 photographs, 2,500 films, 1,000 posters, more than 50,000 items of technical documents, and around 13,000 technical products. In 2004, the Archives were renamed Historical Communications. As the company’s collective memory, this department gathers and analyzes valuable material, and makes the extensive know-how available for use both inside and outside the company. For example, Historical Communications publishes not only an annual Journal of Bosch History, but also supplements to the journal. Past issues have dealt with the history of the company's internationalization, the biography of the company founder Robert Bosch, and Bosch product history. A virtual tour of the exhibition on company history has also been created.
Click here to visit online


She was two when the first atom bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. She appeared to have survived the bomb unscathed until diagnosed in 1954 with leukemia as a result of radiation exposure. Her valiant effort to fight off leukemia was matched with the Japanese legend that if someone made a 1000 paper cranes one’s wish would be granted. She frantically tried to complete the cranes but her total was only 646 at her death. Her classmates, however, continued making the remaining 354 cranes. At her funeral there were a 1,000 paper cranes.
In a larger sense, Sadako did not die. She instead became a symbol along with the cranes of the hope for the end of war and peace throughout the world. Her life and death should be a constant reminder of the true horror of war and the innocent victims of violence.
In one of the true ironies of human existence, the day the bomb fell, seventy years today, has been traditionally celebrated in the Church since the 15th century as the Feast of the Transfiguration. Many writers, theologians, and faithful believers have noted that on this day we are faced with two different challenges of faith. In the gospel story Jesus displayed his glory for only a brief moment, and then began the long journey that culminated with Calvary. In the story of the human race, a pilot got into a cockpit and unleashed a devastating weapon never before seen. One stories ends in the act of redemption, the other story begins with the death of 70,000 in a single flash.
Where the story of Hiroshima ends we don’t know. We do know that we have choices. Peter on the mountain of the Transfiguration says it is good we are here for this is the place where God meets the human race. The place where the human race meets the atomic bomb is not a good place. It transforms humanity by raising uncomfortable questions about war, just war, the destructiveness of humanity.
The Rev. Tyler Wigg-Stevenson, chair of Global Task Force on Nuclear Weapons, wrote on another August 6 that “we remember a transfiguration and a transformation. Both came with clouds, blazing light, and sound. One brought death in a scope never before seen. But the other revealed a life even greater.”
We can go back to a more ancient time when God spoke directly to his people in the 30th chapter of Deuteronomy: I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse. Choose life, then, that you and your descendants may live.
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