veterans history project
history of the sixties service learning project: veterans history project
seniors in mrs. talmadge’s history of the sixties class participate in the veterans history project as part of their service learning for the semester. the veterans history project is an extension of the library of congress with the goal of collecting, preserving, and making accessible the personal accounts of american war veterans. students have interviewed veterans from the korean war, the vietnam war, the persian gulf war, and the current war in afghanistan. at the end of each school year, students from both semesters host a celebratory breakfast for the veterans that have participated in the project.
jerome hudson was a commissioned officer in the us army from 1963 - 1967. he served in south korea as part of the korean defense port-korean war. he was interviewed by students on october 23, 2019.
“one of the most striking anecdotes was about him seeing photos of modern-day korea and being amazed at how much it developed over time. i learned from the interview that even with language barriers, you can still form genuine connections with others. my personal take-away is that while war brings tragedy, it can sometimes bring positive things to those who serve and it forces them to mature.” - gabrielle ong
“i was happy to interview a veteran who had experiences outside of combat. i learned that the gi bill helped with educating soldiers. my take-away from this interview is that the army and military help the veterans in many ways.” - tonantzin melvin
“one cool fact that i learned during the interview was how even during his time in korea after the korean war, mr. hudson was there still making friends and experiencing what the culture had to offer. his military service was more than just a job to him.” - sean mcdevitt
malcolm mailey enlisted in the us army in 1964 and served until 1967. he spent his military service in vietnam, stationed primarily in saigon. he was interviewed by students on october 22, 2019.
“i feel thankful for the sacrifices that mr. mailey has made throughout his life. something that stood out to me during the interview was that i realized just how much i will never understand the true feelings this man must have gone through. i am thankful because actions he and his generation made are what make it possible for my age group to live peacefully.” - ricky cademartori
“the vietnam war always seems less real when it’s in a video or textbook, but when someone speaks about their service right in front of you, it’s hard to ignore how real the war was. my biggest takeaway from the interview is how much someone’s life changes once they become involved in a war.” - rachel gotvald
james peterson was drafted in the us army and served from 1953 until 1955. he was stationed in germany and was part of the us occupation there after world war ii. he was interviewed by students on november 4, 2019.
“the things that stood out to me in the interview was learning about germany and what mr. peterson went through. even though he didn't shoot anyone or get shot at, i thought it was interesting to learn about what was going on in germany after world war ii.” - gabe espinal
“this interview gave me a great idea of what life would have been like serving back then after world war ii. mr. peterson was very open to answer all our questions and gave great responses.” - ben morrisroe
roger petersen enlisted in the us army in 1965 and served as a military police officer until 1968. he was stationed at cam ranh bay in vietnam. he was interviewed by students on october 24, 2019.
“my take-away from the interview is that we should all respect others - we don’t know what they may have done for us. i would have never known that mr. petersen served in the war as part of the military police if i didn’t talk to him. we should all get to know each other more; put down our phones and talk to people; disconnect once in awhile — make connections with others.” - ryan bean
“i learned that not everyone was drafted into the war; most people actually wanted to fight due patriotism or some just wanted a way to escape their living conditions. my take-away from this experience is that these veterans deserve respect and their service should be honored. people are too caught up in technology to take the time out of their day to thank veterans for their courage.” - tony renghini
“in today’s news, we mostly see the bad side of our military. news channels sometimes villainize our military because of one certain action, ignoring the rest of the dedication and hard work that they do. when watching the news or reading an article, we tend to forget that people in our military are humans and we are often quick to criticize them, but we shouldn’t do that. we need to be aware of the sacrifices men and women make everyday for us to be here living our daily lives and realize that they are doing their best and truly love this country.” - jonas gutierrez
mark steinberg enlisted in the us navy in 1968 and served until 1971. he was stationed in saigon during the vietnam war. he was interviewed by students on november 7, 2019.
“my take-away from the interview process is that we must listen and understand what the soldiers say about wars because they are really the only ones that are able to fully grasp what truly happened.” - julius portis
“something that stood out to me was how challenging the veterans’ lives were after the war and how they weren't always treated with the respect they deserved.” - paolo choa
“as someone that wants to travel the world and live everywhere, learning about saigon was very interesting. mr. steinberg talked a lot about the culture that was present in south vietnam.” - conor o’donnell
david wullenweber enlisted in the marines in 1964 and served until 1968. he was stationed at the concord naval weapons station and later in vietnam, most notably serving during the tet offensive. he was interviewed by students on october 17, 2019.
“my biggest takeaway from the interview was the lesson mr. wullenweber learned. upon returning home after serving in vietnam, he realized that if you're not happy in life and with what you're doing, then there is no point in doing it. he told us to live each day to its fullest and to enjoy what you're doing. life’s too short not to enjoy it.” - logan lemoine
“i learned a lot about the lesser known details of the war through the interview with the veteran. i guess i had always thought the villagers in vietnam didn't like the americans, and after meeting with my veteran, i learned that most of the time the villagers were often friendly towards the troops. i learned about the relationship between the troops and the vietnamese kids and how the kids would come up to the troops and ask for american candy. those are little details that totally changed my perception of the relationship between the troops and the kids and villagers.” - aiden ryan
“the interview overall was a great experience and there were a couple times i was taken aback by how detailed mr. wullenweber was. it was very humbling to hear the personal experiences of a veteran who has not shared his story with many people.” - matthew guichard


SukhdevMusic Instrument Specialist
The Jorasanko area of Kolkata, where Tagore’s home can be found, has been known for making Indian classical instruments for over a century and was earlier referred to as ‘Tabla Patti’. Sukdeb da recalls a time when around 17 shops along the street were making their best-selling instruments: the tabla, dhol and harmonium. As the popularity of classical music dwindled, so did the craft of making percussion instruments—so much so that out of a proud stretch of 17 shops, only three survive today.
One of these is Star Harmonium—co-owned by brothers Sukdeb and Basudeb Saha and founded by their grandfather, Binod Bihari, 117 years ago. Sukdeb da reminisces about the time their father, Piyari Mohan, made a fortune out of this very business. Many of the courtesans, their accompanists and tabla players were the Sahas’ customers. Eminent tabla player Pandit Jnan Prakash Ghosh would also frequently visit their shop. “At the shop owned by Kanaibabu, Vilayat Khan and Pandit Ravi Shankar would get their sitars crafted,” said Sukdeb da.
Today, the most sought-after instruments however usually serve a religious purpose. Sukdeb da points to the rising sale of nagadas—an instrument played in Hindu temples. Similarly, Bengalis ask for the dhaak to be used on Dussehra, Saraswati and Kali puja. Bengalis and Odiyas often purchase srikhol, an instrument typically made out of mud which is used primarily during kirtan.
Over the past three years, however, an evolution in design has occurred. With the same design blueprint, the duo has switched materials—mud to brass and copper. “While the sound of the mud ‘srikhol’ is sweeter and more harmonious, travelling foreigners pay a premium for brass and copper, for mud is prone to breakage,” Sukdeb da explained, suggesting a clientele so global that innovation in design became inevitable.
The pakhawaj—a percussion instrument that can be traced back to the 14th century—is another speciality of his. However, the instrument has few buyers today. Made of mango wood, with sides of animal skin (mostly goat skin), the pakhawaj produces deeper bass sounds when played.
If you visit Sukdeb da in his shop, he will keenly demonstrate.


Welcome to Glen Na Gael. Our name means Valley of the "Gael", an ancient name for the Celtic People.
Our Victorian homestead is located in East Union, Maine, a small Downeast agrarian village nestled in the Camden Hills of the Maine Mid-Coast.
This is our family website where you will find a plethora of topics that we occupy our time with. The available topics each have their own pages which you can access using the links on the left.
Glen Na Gael Farm
Glen Na Gael is a Victorian farmstead situated in East Union alongside Lermond Pond. We are situated on a hill with views of Lermond Pond and the Camden Hills to the Northeast. The land includes pasture, woodland and wetlands. It is a short 10 mile ride to Penobscot Bay in Rockland, the closest "city". Union has several "ponds", which are large enough to be considered lakes.
Union is a quaint and scenic village comprised of predominantly an agrarian society. Abounding the simple country roads are numerous pastures with dairy cattle and horses. Of particular note are the renowned blueberry fields which turn a rich ruby red in the Fall. There is no finer scenery than the Camden Hills in the Fall with the land full of bright hues of orange, red, yellow and gold.
The farmstead of Glen Na Gael has a history which spans more than 120 years. The house is a Victorian Period structure which was built in 1890. However, the house itself is actually comprised of two older houses which were dismantled and then reconstructed into a single farmhouse on the present site. The ages of the houses are distinctly different. The main house has sawn floorboards with straight (reciprocating) cut lines whereas the L-Extension include some floorboards with circular saw lines. Many of the original features have been preserved, including stair rails, moldings, doorways and beams. The L-Extension attaches the house to a large 4-level barn. The barn was also originally constructed several miles from it's current site. The original owners actually disassembled the whole barn and reassembled it at the current site. Some barns in the area have been kept intact and moved over short distances pulled by horse teams rolling it over a log track.
This homestead is identified in the historical records as "the James Dornan House". It was built by Charles Burkett. Originally the barn was built by John Miller as a carriage shop and was located near the Arthur Payson house. The Post and Beam architecture is quite clever and allows the barn floorspace to be very open while still allowing for substantial bearing of weight. There are no intermediate floor beams in the front half the barn. All of the weight of the upper floors are distributed to outer wall beams using an overhead truss design.
When the barn was moved to the present site circa 1890, the rear was extended an additional 14 feet to allow conversion of the barn for manufacturing of granite monuments.There are many "specimens" of granite slabs around the property, some used for foundations and landscaping as well as a few grave markers that apparently were "mistakes" and could not be used.
The original builders, the Burketts, were very innovative and industrious people. Besides the granite monument building operations in the barn, they also owned the local saw mill in East Union about 300 yards from the house. There was a convenient water fall that was used to power the mill. The mill is still in operation as a wholesale milled grain producer (Morgan's Mills). The Burkett house was also the first house in the area to install running water, gas lighting and electricity.
Still later, the barn was converted again for use as a dairy operation. Calving and milking records, as well as various farming and veterinary artifacts, still exist from the 1900's. There are also several outbuildings, that were built as extensions to store farm vehicles and provide additional workshop space.
Feel free to browse our website!


These days, divorce is a common occurrence in Maryland — so common that most people know quite a few couples who have been through a divorce. Most people tend to think that divorce is more of a modern phenomenon than something people did in the past. Divorces were indeed rarer in the past, but they were not unheard of — even in Colonial times.
In fact, the Puritan colonies of New England allowed for divorce, and they tended to see marriage as a civil contract. The Massachusetts Bay Colony legalized divorce in 1629 and the first divorce happened in the United States in 1638. Some of the grounds for divorce were bigamy, desertion, abuse and adultery. Nevertheless, it was easier for a man to get approval for a divorce than a woman.
This is not to say that divorces were easy back then. They had to be approved by the colony or state’s governor, or by the legislature. In our state of Maryland, the General Assembly approved of divorces. Also, divorces were not absolute. It was more of a separation, as divorcees could not remarry while the other spouse was still alive.
Maryland was originally a Catholic colony. As of the early 1800s, Maryland granted an average of 30 divorces a year. Slowly, though, divorces became more common and by 1842, deciding divorce petitions became the responsibility of the courts, and divorces have been handed the judiciary every since.
Fortunately, divorce is a lot easier now than it was in the past. If you want to end your marriage, all you have to do is contact a Maryland divorce lawyer to help you with the process, which can be navigated quickly and cost-effectively.
Source: Cecil Whig, “Colonial divorce was not an unheard-of act,” Carol Donache, April 22, 2017


Dave Sgro’s great Uncles owned a restaurant that was a local favorite. His father also worked there, and brought his children often. Dave grew up, surrounded by the masterfully prepared cuisines of his family, and bore the well known Sgro name, established by his family’s culinary arts
Cheryl Tacka owned and operated a restaurant, bed and breakfast in West Virginia. Her career and talents later brought her to Piccolinas, where she met Dave Sgro. For seven years, the chefs worked side by side, trading thoughts, ideas, recipes and fine ingredients, until their philosophies and styles began to fuse, and Slate Bistro was born!
Chefs Dave Sgro and Cheryl Tacka opened the doors of Slate Bistro in August 2012.


Battle Wages On
Explanations Become Tough
Enjoy the spices and creativity of Libya with Hraimeh and rice
With all of this diversity there are many options for celebrating the culture of the eastern coast at your dinner table. Restaurants in this area offer fantastic classic Italian and Turkish cuisine while lamb is the protein of choice with couscous the national side and dates for a sweet dessert :
Charouf bil Pisselli o Chedra – Lamb with Kishke and Peas
Couscous bil Hoot – Couscous with fish
Hraimeh – Fish poached in a spicy gravy
Kara’a – Spiced Pumpkin Dip
Lentil and Spinach Salad With Onion, Cumin and Garlic
Shakshuka – Eggs poached in tomato, a dish claimed by many cultures and explained in the opening of this post.
Safra – Sweet semolina and date cake.
Zemmeetah – Boiled and roasted barley served with sugar and or dates.
Halawah bil-Fawaak – MIxed fruit with honey.
Al Batheeth – Date Candy
The 8 March 2011 Dinner News post covered some of the culture and food of Southern Libya. The beautiful coastal region provides a window to a rich past:
Take a virtual tour of the ancient Fatimid palace, mosque, and fortress, along with the colonial buildings built by the Italians during their occupation:
Ajdabiya’s Tourist FAQ (Word 66 Travel Guide)
Story of a Building, A History of a City (Ajdabiya.com) Story of Fatimid Palace
Travel farther back in time to the ruins of the Greeks at the base of the Akhdar mountains:
Galen R Frysinger’s Photo Tour
The Stunning Greek Ruins (Look Lex)
A cosmopolitan city of one million with a vibrant afternoon scene… there is no drinking in Libya after all… where the food of both Italy and Turkey are well represented both in town and around the lagoon:
Benghazi Restaurants (Virtual Tourist)
Benghazi Beach (Travel Pod Photo Tour)
Many battles along the coast rage on.
While the world watches and prays for Japan the people of Libya continue to battle toward freedom. The government of the western sections is making in roads along the eastern coast with each day being more bloody than the next:
Libyan Rebels Battle to Hold Ajdabiya (The Street)
Qaddafi Forces Vow to ‘Cleanse’ Rebel-Held City of ‘Armed Gangs’ (Fox News)
Battles rage on two fronts in Libya (UPI)


Jena and Surroundings
Jena, with its 100.000 inhabitants, is the largest town in the Saale Valley. Situated in Thuringia (Thüringen), the 'Green Heart of Germany', it is famous for its beautiful landscape, rich nature, and its cultural history. Modern Jena is an important scientific and industrial center with a long tradition in development and production of high-precision instruments.
History of the Friedrich-Schiller-University
is one of Germany's most traditional centers of higher education.
Founded in 1548 as an academic school, it was raised to University status in
1557 by Kaiser Ferdinand I, and opened in 1558. The University established itself
as a center of protestant learning and Lutheran theology during its first century
of existence. Beginning with the second half of the 17th century, the University
focused also on political issues. In the 'classical period' the University of Jena
attracted many well-known and influential figures.
Goethe and Schiller, Hegel, Fichte, and Fries gave the town and University their distinctive intellectual character.
After the heyday of the classical period, in the second half of the 19th century, transformation into a civil University took place. Eminent scholars were drawn to Jena by its reputation. In 1841, Karl Marx received his doctorate from the faculty of philosophy. At the beginning of the 19th century the cooperation between Zeiss, Abbe, and Schott lead Jena into a productive integration of science, optical technology, industry.
In an era of conflict between science and politics, the University has been subjected to contradictory developments over the course of the 20th century. After World War I, it became the County University of Thüringen. During the Weimar Republic, it went through a period of intellectual revival and scientific innovation of international standing, especially in the fields of physics, medicine, reformed pedagogics, economics, and industrial science. The teaching capacity of the University was substantially extended and excellent relationships with Eastern European Universities were established.
However, this development came to an abrupt halt in 1933 when the University did not withstand the increasing fascist politics. The National Socialists gained control over the University, suppressed its liberal traditions and carried out their horrifying racial persecutions. Jewish staff and citizens were deported to concentration camps such as Buchenwald near Weimar.
After the war, Jena fell under Russian control and became part of the socialist German Democratic Republic in 1949. During the cold war, political intervention continued to restrict the activities of the University. A high level of ideological conformity was requested and achieved. As integration with the East began to take priority, the University of Jena, in close cooperation with Zeiss, became one of the leading Universities in Eastern Europe, especially in the fields of science and technology.
In the course of German reunification in 1989 the University underwent far-reaching structural reforms involving setting up of new faculties and institutes. The scientific content and personnel of whole disciplines and courses, especially in the humanities, was replaced.
Today, the University offers all levels of academic degrees to about 19.000 students at ten faculties. They have the option to choose between some 100 disciplines.
Scientists at the University of Jena that are important for MethodologyFriedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (1848-1925)
Ernst Karl Abbe (1840-1905)
Jena: Historical Summary
|9th century:||Local settlement recognized as 'Jani'.|
|1236:||First mentioned in documents as a town.|
|1523/24:||Jena becomes a center of the Lutheran Reformation.|
|1558:||Jena University founded, opens for students.|
|around 1800:||Jena and its University form an intellectual and cultural center: Goethe, Schiller, Fichte, Hegel, Feuerbach, Schelling, Tieck, the Schlegel brothers and their wives all work here.|
|1806:||Battle of Jena and Auerstedt: Napoleon's troops defeat the Prussian army.|
|1846:||Carl Zeiss founds the precision-engineering optical workshop, in cooperation with Ernst Abbe.|
|1884:||Schott glass manufactory established.|
|1889:||Ernst Abbe founds the Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung.|
|1926:||The Planetarium is donated to the city by Carl Zeiss.|
|1933:||Nazis take over University and town.|
|1945:||The city is destroyed to a great extent by bomb attacks.|
|1949:||Jena becomes part of the German Democratic Republic.|
|1953:||Failed attempts of upheaval against socialist government.|
|1969/70:||Demolition of most of the remaining parts of the old city center to provide space for the University tower.|
|1989:||End of socialist rule.|
|since 1990:||After the reunification, major reconstructions of the city and restructuring of the University.|
Climate and Geographic ConditionsJena is situated in the middle of the Saale valley in east Thuringia (Thüringen), 150m above sea level. Limestone rocks overtower the city. Extensive forest areas and steep slopes of the limestone hills invite for hiking and other recreational activities. Many botanical and geological features, including 40 species of orchids, attract those interested in natural history. In July the mean day temperature is between 20 - 28°C (68 - 80 F). Evening temperatures are lower. Climate conditions are variable but on average dry with occasional rain.
Weather forecast: The Weather Online


Amanda Seyfried. Age: 31. Spectacular looks and crazy charisma and temperament will carry you into the world of sexuality and seduction. My creative approach will not leave you indifferent.
Male-Nude Paintings For Sale
Male-Nude Paintings For Sale | Saatchi Art
The male nude in art is not as often talked about as its female counterpart. However, apart from being easy on the eye, the male body in art is full of history and has undergone a host of fascinating transformations over the past years. Dagli Orti. Athlete, Roman copy after an original by Polykleitos fl. Our first stop on this quick tour is Ancient Greece. Spanning several centuries, the art of the Ancient Greeks is hard to summarise, but it certainly shows an increasing tendency towards lifelikeness.
Victoria Justice. Age: 26. Individual personality in perfect shape! I always meet in beautiful lingerie, elegant and rested, ready for sex games and depravity! Full privacy!
Letting It All Hang Out: 10 Historic Male Nudes From Antiquity to Today
The perfection of the male figure was first seen through the lens of the Ancient Greeks. Their idealized depictions celebrated the male body as a reflection of heroic and athletic beauty. The few female sculptures that existed during this period were clothed and chaste in comparison.
Please click on the photographs for a larger version of the image. Priscilla Frank. In the late 19th century, Belgium was one of the great centres of European symbolism. School of Plato , a decoration intended for the Sorbonne but never installed there, is a striking work in many respects.
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One such example is the Banaue Rice Terraces, often referred to as the Eighth Wonder of the World. Carved into the mountainside by Ifugao tribespeople over 2,000 years ago, these terraces showcase not only their engineering prowess but also their deep connection with nature. The intricate irrigation system still in use today demonstrates their sustainable farming practices and respect for Mother Earth. Moving further south, we encounter another mysterious site – Cebu’s Magellan’s Cross. Planted by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan upon his arrival in 1521, this cross symbolizes both Spanish colonization and Christianity’s introduction to the Philippines. Despite being encased in wood to protect it from deterioration caused by time and weathering elements, it remains an enduring testament to our nation’s complex history. Venturing even deeper into Philippine history brings us to Intramuros – Manila’s walled city.
Built during Spanish colonial rule in the late 16th century, Intramuros served as a fortress protecting Manila from foreign invaders. Today, visitors can explore its cobblestone streets lined with well-preserved buildings like Fort Santiago and San Agustin Church – both UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Another intriguing ruin lies on Bohol Island – Chocolate Hills. These unique geological formations consist the ruins of more than 1,200 perfectly cone-shaped hills spread across an area spanning around 50 square kilometers (20 sq mi). While scientists believe they were formed through coral deposits uplifted by tectonic forces millions of years ago; local folklore tells tales about giants hurling rocks at each other during epic battles. Lastly, we have the enigmatic ruins of Taal Volcano.
Unveiling the Mysteries of the Philippine Ruins The Philippines is a country rich in history and culture, with countless archaeological sites that offer a glimpse into its past. Among these sites, one stands out for its enigmatic beauty and historical significance – the Philippine Ruins. Located in Talisay City, Negros Occidental, the ruins are what remains of a grand mansion built during the early 20th century. Known as The Ruins, this architectural marvel was once owned by Don Mariano Ledesma Lacson, a wealthy sugar baron. Today, it stands as an iconic symbol of love and resilience. Legend has it that Don Mariano built The Ruins to honor his beloved wife Maria Braga Lacson.


The Monastery of Agios Tryfon
Agios Tryfon is located 10 minutes distance from the center of the village Nenita.
On a gilofo of approximately 300 meters from the sea, in such a position where you can see all the old municipality of Ionia. Straight to 100 m is the settlement and the port (refuge of the fishermen) of Bokarias.
The monastery of St. Tryfon was built around the 17th century. Unknown the takers of the inhabitants of the common. Nenita. There was about the 1860 Act of the monastery where it says anyone who wanted to become kalogiros to sell his property and buy estates near the monastery to write them in the monastery to cultivate them and to be aktimonas. Thus found near the monastery 80 sq. With Skinoys and olives and empty estates. It was dedicated to Agios Tryfon because Nenita was one of the most productive villages in Chios. Part of these acres, next to the monastery of Agios Tryfon on the hill, occupies the botanical garden of the Aegean about 33 acres.
In the monastery there were perimetric cells of the church of the monastery. There was and preserved the iconostasis of the monastery built in the 17th century. A section of Archontariki, its cells and the kitchen of the monastery are preserved. The monastery was male and had no more than 10 – 12 monks around 1948 – 50. The monastery ended with the death of Abbot father Kyrillou and the monastery comes to the community of Nenita.
Today the monastery belongs to the single municipality of Chios and is appointed ecclesiastical committee. It was unofficially the first school in Nenita. The monastery was a torch of photovolos of piety and letters with first master the monk Ignatius Chwraiti, before the year 1834, about the end 1790 – 1800.
The history of the Botanical Garden of the Aegean.
The construction of Botanical Garden, began in 2006 by the technical company AGOLMATE with Chairman Mrs Chrysanthi Valavanoglou.
It was completed and delivered in its complete form, in the building and electromechanical projects, as well as in the completion of planting, with the cooperation of ETH. I. Ag. E. Agricultural Research centre of northern Greece!
Since then, the local authorities have made several attempts to operate, which due to bureaucratic processes resulted in the abandonment of the botanical garden.
Today, with private initiative, an attempt is made to reorganize and integrate the Garden placing the Botanical Garden of Aegean in the International Organization of Botanical Gardens, Botanic Garden International Conservation and Greek network of Botanical Gardens.
Historical elements of the surround area.
Nenita is the village of Botanical garden of Aegean, located in South Chios. 500 years ago did not exist as a village, but there were seven (7) settlements, namely:
2) Giorgiwnas old Nenita,
The inhabitants were forced, either because of the raids of the Barbarian pirates, or from various needs and conditions that prevailed, because these settlements were small as a population, or from a lack of the crop of mastic, tobacco and other agricultural Crops, to gather inward and thus built the current village. The old Nenita was the last town of south East Chios. The Nenita surrounded by a wall with a mega Gennoyatiko tower, where today the elementary school is built.
The old Nenita spread between the hills of the village Afalleroy (today’s waterfall) and secondly to the South until the position of the hill Bastaga, which surrounded to B.A. from the Torrent Argenti. To west from the valley of Nenita, to N.D. from Cheimaro Kalamoti and to the east with foreshore.
After the great earthquake of 1881 ruins the old Nenita and Anigerthei the current settlement. The only building that rescued the earthquake is AG. Panteleimonas.
It is said without specific evidence that the name Nenita took it from the largest settlement the old Neeta that was in the area, the Giorgiwna. Nenita therefore equals (new cars) Nenita. From Zwlwta, who has written the history of Chios, the village named it from the Newnita (Newnoimineoapoktithenta Estates) and from the newly built, Neooikodomithento, hence Nenita.
Previously on the community Seal of the Nenita, egcharachthike the plough as the emblem. By statement of the eminent words Synpolitidoskas Emilia Sarroy. It is one of the most agricultural and productive villages of Chios, being second in the production of mastiha.
There was a strong ecclesiastical and monastic life within the old village, according to Zolwta, there were 30 small churches and 5 monasteries.
With the first of St. George, in Constantine Kanelaki and Arch. Andreadi, which was built in Chios in 556 ad of Tachiarchwn, the Saint Fotini of St. Tryfons, of Prophet Elias (Helios) in Vigla.


In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Party and deepen the theme education of “staying true to our original aspiration and keeping our mission firmly in mind”, on June 24th, Ningbo Ouling held the 2021 Party Member Theme Conference on the theme of “staying true to our original aspiration and keeping our mission firmly in mind”. All party members and probationary party members participated in the conference.
At 9 o’clock on the 24th, the party member theme conference was officially held. During the conference, Fu Dana, Ou Zhihong, and Li Zhiping were proposed as probationary party members and voted on by all attending party members, and the motion was unanimously passed. Subsequently, all party members paid their party dues.
Collective Growth - Applying Learning to Practice, Integrating Knowledge with Action
During the conference, Comrade Pan Lun-kang, a party member, delivered a speech on “Interpreting Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era: ‘Staying True to Our Original Aspiration and Keeping Our Mission Firmly in Mind’.” With vivid examples, he expounded on the core principles of Xi Jinping’s new era ideology from the perspectives of “why we should learn, what we should learn, and how we should learn.” This provided us with theoretical guidance and goals for our future daily work and practices.
In the year of 2021, we will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. Looking back at the past century, our party has emerged from bloodshed and turmoil, from gunfire and bombs. We have experienced countless trials and tribulations, growing stronger and leading the Chinese people to victory after victory, from one glory to another. Our party is truly the soul of the nation, the foundation of the country.
We must not forget our original intentions and always stay true to our mission. The original intention is the commitment and belief we had when we embarked on this journey, the responsibility and dedication we fulfilled during difficult times. The original intention of Chinese communists is the solemn promise made under the party flag, the unwavering purpose of wholeheartedly serving the people that runs through our veins. 100 years ago, our party set sail on a small boat in Nanhu Lake, relying closely on and uniting all the ethnic groups in the country. We have overcome obstacles and challenges, using 100 years to build a country, to establish a nation, to become a major power. We firmly believe that the next 100 years will be a crucial period for China to embark on the path to becoming a strong nation, achieving national rejuvenation and rising to new heights.
We must not forget the glorious history of our party. Over the past 100 years, our party has grown from small to large, from weak to strong, leading the people of all ethnic groups in the country. Through arduous struggles, we have gained the support and trust of the masses with our practical actions and brilliant achievements. Our party, leading the Chinese people, has established the socialist new China, ending the fragmentation and victimization of the country, fundamentally changing the backward appearance of poverty and backwardness. At a time when the socialist movement worldwide was at a low ebb, the Communist Party of China withstood the pressure and became the backbone, making socialist China stand tall in the East of the world. The 100-year history of the party has proven that we are a party that adheres to the fundamental principles of Marxism and combines them with China’s specific realities, constantly exploring and innovating to promote historical progress. We are a party that sincerely serves the people, tirelessly struggles for the revitalization of China, and achieves prosperity and greatness, leading to a dramatic transformation in the face of China. We are a party that has constantly experienced setbacks and tests, constantly tempering and improving ourselves, always maintaining vitality and determination, standing at the forefront of the historical trend. We are a party dedicated to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Only by not forgetting the glorious history of the party, not forgetting the original intention of joining the party, being proud and proud of it, can we further increase confidence in the cause of the party and firmly follow the party forever.
We must not forget the fundamental purpose of the party. Serving the people wholeheartedly is the fundamental purpose of our party to serve the people in the new era. The people are the roots of our party, the source of our strength, and the foundation of our victory. The party comes from the people, represents the people, and is nurtured and supported by the people. Wholeheartedly serving the people is the fundamental purpose of our party. During the revolutionary war years, the party led the people to fight bravely for national independence and liberation of the people. During the period of peaceful construction, the party led the people to work hard for national prosperity and the happiness of the people. Under the new historical conditions of reform, opening up, and developing a socialist market economy, whether we can adhere to governing for the people is a new test for our party. Whoever wins the hearts of the people will win the world. This is a truth. Communist Party members in the new era should always take “being a good person before being an official, putting the people first in everything” as their code of conduct, be clean and upright, work hard, fulfill their duties, devote themselves wholeheartedly, and sincerely seek the interests of the people. Only by embodying the noble character of contemporary communists can we win the heartfelt praise of the broad masses. All party members and cadres must never forget the fundamental purpose of the party, adhere to the party’s commitment to public service and governing for the people, genuinely use power for the people, be concerned about the people, and work for the people’s interests. With practical actions of serving the people faithfully and with integrity, we will strive for the cause of serving the great people throughout our lives.
We must not forget the traditional nature of the Party. “Reflecting on past dynasties, both the rise and fall are due to diligence and frugality.” Hard work and struggle are excellent traditions formed by the Communist Party of China (CPC) during its long-term revolutionary struggles. It is also the political character of communists and a magic weapon for closely connecting with the people. Over the past 100 years, our Party has evolved from a party that led the people to fight for national power to a party that leads the people in holding national power and long-term governance, and to a party that leads the national construction under the conditions of opening up and developing a socialist market economy. The historical tasks and the era in which the Party is placed have undergone significant changes. The Party is facing the dual test of long-term governance and policy openness. Especially since the reform and opening-up, China’s economic strength has continuously grown, and the living standards of the people have continued to improve. However, we must not be intoxicated by the achievements of reform, blindly optimistic, and forget the glorious traditions of the Party and the true nature of Communists. Especially at this crucial period of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we need to persistently work hard, have a clear understanding of the historical responsibilities we shoulder, a clear understanding of the opportunities and severe challenges we face, inherit and carry forward the Party’s fine traditions and style, be mentally prepared for long-term struggles, and, with a highly responsible attitude towards the Party and the people, strive for concrete achievements and contributions instead of empty achievements. The righteous path of humanity has been forged through the vicissitudes of 100 years and the hardships endured. Looking back now, as time flies like a song, how can we not feel excited and deeply moved? As the vanguard of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the CPC is the inevitable choice of history and the people. The Party is calling, and the era is calling. Let us demonstrate the wisdom, demeanor, and strength of new-era Party members with lofty ideals, innovative loyalty, and fearless courage. Let us unite, advance with the times, and forge ahead bravely, following the Party with a loyal heart, serving the people with a child-like heart, and dedicating ourselves to the motherland with a heart of devotion! Thank you!
Finally, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the elderly Party members present here. When our company first established the Party branch, there were hardly any members. The old Party members who were organizing outside actively transferred their membership to the company. Many employees also expressed their intention to join the Party upon hearing that the company had a Party organization. Therefore, I am very grateful to all of you. This gives us hope for both our Party and our company. In the future, I hope that our Party members can play a leading role in the company, take responsibility and step forward in any situation, and safeguard and support the company.
Visiting and learning - Remembering history, not forgetting the original intention.
On June 30th, the Ou Ling Party Branch organized a visit to the Four Ming Mountain Martyrs Cemetery in Zhangcun, Ningbo for learning and study purposes.
Covering an area of 10,1407 square meters, the Four Ming Mountain Martyrs Cemetery houses a 44.12-meter tall monument and a 3,519 square meter memorial hall dedicated to the martyrs. It also has a public cemetery where hundreds of revolutionary martyrs are laid to rest. The site encapsulates the indomitable spirit of the people of Ningbo during various revolutionary periods and their selfless dedication, as well as their contributions to the world’s anti-fascist war.
Comrades collectively paid tribute to the martyrs at the “Martyrs Memorial Tower,” mourning the heroes and expressing their deepest condolences by laying wreaths. Under the guidance of Tang Yijun, the Party Secretary of the Ou Ling Party Branch, comrades solemnly recited the oath of joining the Party, revisiting their commitment.
Subsequently, everyone visited the memorial hall to learn about the establishment of the Communist Party of China in Ningbo, where the first shot against the reactionaries was fired in the Zhejiang region. They also learned about the organization and implementation of the anti-Japanese salvation movement and the arduous journey that led the people of Ningbo, under the leadership of the Communist Party, to welcome liberation. Finally, they witnessed how the people of Ningbo bravely participated in the “Resistance against US Aggression and Aid to Korea” and the “Self-defense Counterattack.” The vivid historical scenes unfolded before their eyes, and the precious historical heritage seemed to be narrating the heroic deeds of the revolutionary martyrs who fought with bloodshed. Comrades walked, observed, communicated, and discussed, gaining profound insights.
Through this visit and study, everyone expressed their determination to learn from the revolutionary martyrs, embody the spirit of heroes, deeply root patriotism in their thoughts, implement it in their actions, and demonstrate it in their work. They strive for comprehensive development in their work and make greater contributions to the company and society.
Listening to the teachings - Keep them in mind and put them into action.
“Without the Communist Party, there would be no new China…”
On the morning of July 1st, accompanied by the resounding songs of the revolution, the grand celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China took place at Tiananmen Square in Beijing.
The members of the Ouling Party Branch organized a gathering in the company’s party activity room to watch the live broadcast of the ceremony. We were deeply moved by the magnificent atmosphere, uplifting classic songs, and solemn flag-raising ceremony. From the bottom of our hearts, we felt a sense of pride as Chinese people and a sense of responsibility as Communist Party members.
Afterwards, we all listened attentively to President Xi’s important speech, learning and faithfully implementing the spirit of his speech. We armed our minds with theoretical knowledge, strength, and belief. We integrated these teachings into our work, aligning ourselves with them and effectively fulfilling our roles as party members. We dedicate ourselves to our work, to society, and to the people.


|Strathmore Median PriceThe House price is 21% higher than last year.|
Surrounding suburbsStrathmore Median RentThe House rent is 5% higher than last year.
|Map | Street view | Nearby property price|
|Registered as Victorian heritage|
|What is significant?|
The former Scout Hall, erected between 1957 and 1960 for the First Strathmore Scout Group, comprises a Nissen-type prefabricated ex-army hut with a skillion-roofed brick wing across the street front.
How is it significant?
The former scout hall is of historical significance to the City of Moonee Valley.
Why is it significant?
Historically, the scout hall is a representative and relatively intact example what was a ubiquitous phenomenon in the 1950s and '60s, whereby prefabricated ex-army huts of barrel-vaulted form would be adapted to civilian use, typically with a new facade to create the effect of a permanent rectilinear building. Many of these buildings were intended as low-cost temporary accommodation solutions, and as such were subsequently superseded and demolished. Surviving examples of Nissen, Quonset and other ex-army huts of barrel-vaulted form, whether adapted to other purposes or still in military or government use, are becoming increasingly rare. Since the recent demolition of comparable huts at Essendon Airport, it appears to be unique in the City of Moonee Valley.


The Church evolved from the Congregational Church
Pevensey Road, Eastbourne, in1890, after Polegate Christians had held cottage meetings in Junction Street since 1875.
In 1891, the first Church was built on the present site.
It was made of corrugated iron and timber lined.
It could seat between 50 - 60 people.
The foundation stone of the present Church was laid in 1904.
The corrugated iron building continued in use as school and church hall.
In 1972, the Congregational Church joined with the Presbyterian Church and we became the United Reformed Church, Polegate.
Eventually the iron Church was demolished, kitchen, vestries and toilets were added, and the Church sanctuary extended.
December – January the front of the Church was altered to include a ramp and toilet facilities for the disabled.
The Church members decided a change of name was needed.
The Southern Synod agreed to this so in 2011
The United Reformed Church Polegate was renamed
“The Polegate Free Church”.


Gujranwala District ( ضِلع گُوجرانٚوالا), is a district in Punjab, Pakistan. Gujranwala city appears to be 500 years old.The origin of the name Gujranwala is shrouded in mists of time.The first name of the settlement according to the compilers of the first edition of the districtGazette was khanpur Shansi after an individual of the JAT cast called Khan Shansi who founded 11 villages in the nearby area. For some reason the Jaat Tribe Gujar occupied the land.They reach such dominance that the town came to be known as Gujranwala.It seems likely that the district once contained the capital of the Punjab, at an epoch when Lahore had not begun to exist. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikhs invaded and occupied Gujranwala District.
Sayyid Ahmad and Shah Ismail Shaheed with volunteer Muslims were defeated and martyred by the professional Sikh Army. During the rise of Sikhs, the agricultural lands of Gujranwala were seized from Muslims by the military Sikh adventurers who then sprang up.
Charat Singh, the grandfather of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, occupied the village of Gujranwala, then an inconsiderable hamlet, and made it the headquarters of himself and of his son and grandson. Minor Sikh chieftains occupied and settled at Wazirabad, Sheikhupura, and other towns; while in the western portion of the district the MuslimChatha Jats and Bhatti Rajputs maintained a sturdy independence. In the end, however, he succeeded in bringing all the scattered portions of the District under his own power.
In 1847 the District came under British occupation and two years later, in 1849, it was included in the territory annexed after the second Sikh War. A cantonment was established at Wazirabad, which was abolished in 1855. The District formed a part originally of the extensive District of Wazirabad, which comprised the whole upper portion of the Rechna Doab.
In 1852 this unwieldy territory was divided between Gujranwala and Sialkot District. The District, as then constituted, stretched across the entire plateau, from the Chenab to the Ravi; but in 1853 the south-eastern fringe, consisting of 303 villages, was transferred to Lahore District, and three years later a second batch of 324 villages was handed over to the same District. There was no outbreak during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the Hindus and Sikh rallied to the side of Government with the greatest enthusiasm while Muslims rallied for the Mughals. According to the 1901 census the District had a population of 890,577 and contained 8 towns and 1,331 villages. Its population according to the 1881 census was 616,892 rising to 690,169 in 1891. The population increased by 29 per cent between 1891 and 1901 - the increase being greatest in the Hafizabad and Khangah Dogran tahsils, owing to the extension of canal-irrigation and the colonisation of the Bar. At the time the district was divided into four tehsils, namely: Gujranwala, Wazirabad, Hafizabad and Khangah Dogran (the headquarters of each being at the place from which it is named). The chief towns during British rule were the municipalities of Gujranwala, the headquarters of the District, Wazirabad, Ramnagar, Akalgarh, Eminabad, Kila Didar Singh, and the notified area of Sodhra. During the British era, the district of Gujranwala was part of Lahore Division. The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Mandi Gujranwala District.
Punjabi dialects, as per the 1998 census of Pakistan, Punjabi language is spoken by 95%. District Headquarters being fourth biggest and in centre of Punjab province has great variety of Punjabi dialects spoken by different district's people living in the city.
Other languages include:
- Dogri/Darhab (Jammu and Narowal district's people)
- Ghebi (Pindi Gheb Tehsil's people)
- Riasti (Bahawalpur Lodhran and Rahim Yar Khan districts people)
- Derawali (Rajanpur,Dera Ghazi Khan districts people)
- Multani/Saraiki (Multan and Lodhran districts people)
- Jandali (Jand Tehsil and Mianwali district's people)
- Chhachi (Attock Tehsil's people)
- Hindko (Hazara Division's people)
- Thalochi (Bhakkar,Layyah and Muzzaffargarh District's people)
- Chenavari(Tehsil Athara Tehsil Jhang's people)
- Jangli/Rachnavi (Sahiwal Distrct's people)
- Jhangochi (Khanewal and Jhang District's people)
- Shah puri (Sargodha division's people)
- Dhani (Chakwal district's people)
- Pahari (Tehsil Muree, Kotli sattian & AJK's people)
- Pothohari (Rawalpindi and Jehlum's Districts people)
- Majhi or Standard (Majority)
- Urdu being national language is spoken and understood
- English is also understood and spoken by the sizable educated people
According to the 1998 census of Pakistan the population of district was 3,400,940 of which 50.17% were urban. It is thus the third-most advanced district in Punjab, the population now stands at 4,308,905.
The district was composed of 5 tehsils:
- Gujranwala City
- Gujranwala Saddar
- Kamoke Tehsil
- Nowshera Virkan
- Wazirabad Tehsil
Now according to the new local government ordinance, Gujranwala is a City District consists of the following towns:
- Khiali Shahpure
- Qila Didar Singh
- Nowshehra Virkan


Wherever we go, we find bridges connecting two places. It stands high and mighty throughout the years and different seasons. A monument of hard work and a daily reminder of our historic past. Wide, short, big or small these photos will keep us in awe, it’s truly inspiring to look at and our members are beyond amazing. Thank you to everyone who shared their shots.
Above: Tyne Bridge – By Susan Dawson
Above:Price Edward Island Bridge – By Scott McClintock
Above: Mandurah New Bridge – By Carolyn Richards
Above: Luís I Bridge – By Pierre Fonsny
Above: Coolambooka Bridge – By Babette Bruns
Above: Lackagh Bridge – By Brenda McAleer
Above: The Rail Bridge In Mist – By Kevin Skinner
Above: Rocky Creek Bridge – By Lon Davis
Above: Siuslaw River Bridge – By Belinda Davis
Above: Severn Railway Bridge – By Mike O’Shea
Above By Andy Booth
Above: Spring River Fire Festival, Brisbane – By Robert Molan
Some fantastic photos. This is the stuff I really want to start making myself….


Game Summaries & Headlines.
???????? Know Your History?
...Is it the date we won freedom from England?
...Is it the date we started fighting?
...Is it the day we declared our freedom from England?
...Is it the day we won our independence by battle?
...is it the day the 56 members of the 2nd Continental Congress signed the Declaration?
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE: Declaration of Independence - HISTORY
NATIONAL ARCHIVES: National Archives Museum | National Archives Museum
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE 56 SIGNERS OF THE DI?: What happened to the signers of the Declaration of Independence? | The Weekly Register-Call (weeklyregistercall.com)


Biofuels in the solid form has been in use ever since man discovered fire. Wood was the first form of biofuel that was used even by the ancient people for cooking and heating. With the discovery of electricity, man discovered another way of utilizing the biofuel. Biofuel had been used since a very long time for the production of electricity. This form of fuel was discovered even before the discovery of the fossil fuels, but with the exploration of the fossil fuel like gas, coal, and oil the production and use of biofuel suffered a severe impact. With the advantages placed by the fossil fuels they gained a lot of popularity especially in the developed countries. Liquid biofuel have been used in the automotive industry since its inception.
One of the first inventors to convince the people of the use of ethanol was a German named Nikolaus August Otto. Rudolf Diesel is the German inventor of the diesel engine. He designed his diesel engine to run in peanut oil and later Henry Ford designed the Model T car which was produced from 1903 to 1926. This car was completely designed to use hemp derived biofuel as fuel. However, with the exploration of huge supplies of crude oil some of the parts of Texas and Pennsylvania petroleum became very cheap and thus lead to the reduction of the use of biofuels. Most of the vehicles like trucks and cars began using this form of fuel which was much cheaper and efficient.
In the period of World War II, the high demand of biofuels was due to the increased use as an alternative for imported fuel. In this period, Germany was one of the countries that underwent a serious shortage of fuel. It was during this period that various other inventions took place like the use of gasoline along with alcohol that was derived from potatoes. Britain was the second country which came up with the concept of grain alcohol mixed with petrol. The wars frames were the periods when the various major technological changes took place but, during the period of peace, cheap oil from the gulf countries as well as the Middle East again eased off the pressure.
With the increased supply the geopolitical and economic interest in biofuel faded away. A serious fuel crisis again hit the various countries during the period of 1973 and 1979, because of the geopolitical conflict. Thus (OPEC), organization of the petroleum Exporting countries made a heavy cut in exports especially to the non OPEC nations. The constant shortage of fuel attracted the attention of the various academics and governments to the issues of energy crisis and the use of biofuels. The twentieth century came with the attention of the people towards the use of biofuels. Some of the main reasons for the people shifting their interest to biofuels were the rising prices of oil, emission of the greenhouse gases and interest like rural development.


12 Sep Cameos
For those who love all things Victorian, vintage cameos will satisfy your nostalgic desire!
Ancient carving traditions were once used to tell stories and record events.
We have taken that timeless tradition and transformed the cameo into wearable, miniature sculptures.
Each piece is different, telling its unique story.
Cameos are immediately recognizable as something glamorous from another era. Cameos were quite popular during the Victorian era, approximately 1837 – 1901. It was during this era when the profile cameo, rather than other front-facing designs, became the most popular of the designs.
In the fifteenth or sixteenth century, cameos were introduced in a “raised” design. Designs were engraved or carved on the top layer of any chosen material, such as coral, river stones, shells lava stones, or other material.


This adorable vintage Royal Doulton "Bunnykins" baby bowl and cup, both signed by Barbara Vernon, is perfect for my display of bunnies this week. This mismatched set was passed down from my in-laws. After some research on the internet I discovered the bowl, "Visiting the Cottage," is a different subject than the cup. The cup, "The Proposal" above shows Mr. Bunnykins kissing his fiancee after his proposal.
Royal Doulton Bunnykins
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Royal Doulton Bunnykins Chinaware and Figurines are popular ceramic designs manufactured as nursery dishes and collectible statuettes.
The chinaware line originated with artwork by Barbara Vernon Bailey, the daughter of Cuthbert Bailey, general manager of Doulton during the 1930s. Unbeknownst to the public, Vernon was not a professional illustrator, but a nun in the Augustinian Canonesses of the Lateran.
Introduced in 1934, Bunnykins tableware depicted Mr. and Mrs. Bunnykins and other rabbits dressed in human clothing, in colourful rural and small-town English scenes, transfer-printed on white china. The earliest pieces, signed by Vernon, are quite rare and highly prized. Bunnykins china was used by Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret and thus became a popular present given as christening and birthday gifts in middle-class English homes.
Figurines by Charles Noke featuring various Bunnykins characters began in 1939. The first line consisted of only six designs. All factories were closed for the duration of World War II, bringing production to a halt, and thus these six figurines have also become very rare. Following the war, production of Bunnykins figurines did not restart until Royal Doulton purchased the Beswick factory in 1969. After this, Bunnykins were numbered with the prefix DB and are still produced to this day.
The Bunnykins figurine line is famous for the large number of professions, historical and literary figures, and traditional costumes interpreted as rabbits. Named figurines include Policeman Bunnykins, Nurse Bunnykins, Sir Lancelot Bunnkykins, Betsy Ross Bunnykins, Lapplander Bunnykins, Fortune Teller Bunnykins, and more. In 2005 a Bunnykins figurine honoring Barbara Vernon was produced. Titled "Sister Barbara," it depicts a cloistered nun at her drawing table, presumably painting the original Bunnykins design
I love the bunnies hopping around the top of the bowl and cup. Here is the scene on the other side of the cup, "The Proposal," showing Mr. Bunnykins on his knees proposing.
And what better tablecloth than another bunny throw!
I found this website regarding Royal Doulton logos and backstamps (here). It shows "Bunnykins" backstamp for the bowl is c1934 - 1937. The backstamp for the cup with the lion coloured brown is c1937-1953.
Believe it or not I still have some bunnies hopping around my home to show you.


The history of Coulee Medical Center parallels that of the Grand Coulee Dam. Born in the early 1930's, during the Great Depression, the hospital knew difficult times and adversity.
The original area hospital was Mason City Hospital, located on a hill overlooking Grand Coulee Dam in what is now East Coulee Dam. Built in 1934, the two-story wood frame building consisted of 75 beds and accommodated the emergency health needs of workers on the dam and their families. Early records from a Bureau of Reclamation safety publication noted that in 1938, the hospital was renovated by Kaiser Permanente. This pioneering HMO helped staff the facility and offered affordable healthcare coverage to its customers. Records also noted that personnel numbered 51 and medical staff consisted of 8 physicians and surgeons to accommodate the many medical needs. For one six-month period, the out-patient clinic alone provided 21,274 treatments, an average of 3,554 per month, and more than secured its place as a vital necessity in the community. Scores of families still in the area today can point back to the many benefits the emergency and non-emergency services provided.
In 1960, hospital directors voted to relocate the Mason City Hospital and build a new facility in the city of Grand Coulee. The new hospital was given a new identity, Coulee Community Hospital, to encompass the area of service. Coulee Community Hospital was privately owned during part of its history and due to financial difficulties, was closed for short periods. The last closure was in 1973 and almost ceased operations again in 1990 due to a shortage of physicians.
When area citizens voted their support by forming Douglas, Grant, Lincoln, Okananogan Counties Public Hospital District #6 in 1990, Coulee Community Hospital became publicly owned. The public taxing district and the monies it collects provide the hospital with a stable monetary base for operations. A board of five Commissioners assure the public that an appropriate standard of care is maintained and provide for sound administrations and budgets.
Since the formation of the tax district, hospital utilization has more than doubled and Coulee Community Hospital is now on sound financial footing. The Long Term Care Facility now operates at capacity and the hospital owned Physicians Clinic, known as the Coulee Family Medicine Clinic, now boasts over 18,000 patient visits per year. With the help of the tax district, volunteer organizations such as the Coulee Medical Foundation, the Hospital Auxiliary, and community support, Coulee Medical Center has and will continue to touch the lives of those in need.


This is a suggested tour itinerary. Call and speak to one for our austria travel experts for a tailor made tour specific to your requirements on ++44 (0) 1273 921 001
Minimum 2 passengers (or single supplement will apply) assuming flights from the UK. other European or worldwide departure airports available on request.
Innsbruck is a city of many faces with opulent imperial splendour standing along side contemporary urban design. Innsbruck's historical landmarks including the Golden Roof, the Court Church with its stunning bronze statues, the Imperial Palace and Ambras Castle evoke the grandeur of the Habsburg empire’s bygone greatness. Extend your Austrain Ski Holiday with a few nights exploring the Tyrolean capital.
Days 1Discover Innsbruck on Foot
Explore Innsbruck’s main attractions with a walk through the heart of Innsbruck. Find the famous Golden Roof and the Imperial Palace, the newly remodelled Museum of Tyrolean Folk Art and enjoy a stroll through the “Hofgarten” park.Read Details


Edinburgh is one of Europe’s most popular cities with young people to live. It offers an ideal environment for studying English and working for a short or long period of time. If you Visit Scotland then Edinburgh is the best place where you get renowned for its friendly people, its stunning location and architecture. By enjoying the festival, the castle, the nightlife, the people, the history, the weather, the architecture and the art you can happily pass a romantic day in Edinburgh. How to make a successful plan for a romantic day in Edinburgh Esta knows well.
Best Things to See in Edinburgh
Edinburgh is Scotland’s capital city and visitor attractions include its Castle, Royal Palace of Holyroodhouse, National
Museum of Scotland, and National Gallery.
Known for the biggest arts festival in the world and its Hogmanay celebrations, Edinburgh has many museums, galleries and other attractions such as Calton Hill, the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Writers’ Museum and much else besides. Some of the highlights include:
Containing the National Monument, the Royal Observatory and other features, and found at the eastern end of Princes Street, Calton Hill is worth climbing for its panoramic views of one of the world’s most beautiful cities.
Since the 11th century the grand Castle Rock, on top of which sits Edinburgh Castle, has been home to Scottish royalty. Inside the Castle the 12th-century St Margaret’s Chapel is the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh.
Scotland’s top tourist attraction boasts a thousand years of history. It dominates the capital’s skyline and is home to the world famous Edinburgh Military Tattoo.
Edinburgh castle is perched at the top of Castle Rock and is impressive from all sides.
As early as the 11th-century the buildings atop Castle Rock were favored as a residence by royalty, in particular Margaret, the Queen of Malcolm III and her sons. She died in the castle.
The castle alternated between Scottish and English forces and in 1313 suffered demolition by the Scots. A popular legend is about a daring raid led by Sir William Douglas, the legendary “Knight of Liddesdale, in 1333.
There are many things to see at the Castle like
The Garrison which lives there
The Esplanade, the approach to the castle
The Room where Mary Queen of Scots gave Birth to her Son
Every summer sees the city streets, theaters, and galleries filled with art and artists (and visitors) from all over the globe, coming together to enjoy what has become the biggest arts festival that is celebrated with great enjoyment in all over the world. The Edinburgh Festival of Food is but one aspect of it.
Edinburgh’s Hogmanay Celebrations
If visiting the city in winter, try to be there on December 31st to enjoy Edinburgh’s Hogmanay Celebrations.
Edinburgh’s Royal Mile Attractions
The Royal Mile is Edinburgh, Scotland’s most famous street. Home to cathedrals like St Giles, Scottish Parliament, the Museum of Childhood and Writer’s Museum.
The Royal Mile is part of Edinburgh’s Old Town is the Scottish capital’s most notable area, rich in history and also linked with some of the city’s less savory characters like Williams Burke and Hare, who were responsible for 17 murders during the 1820s.
Edinburgh city center is so beautiful and interesting that UNESCO has made it a World Heritage Site. There are two classic routes that open up the best of Edinburgh, with variations to suit your special interests:
– a gorgeous riverside walk between classic gardens,
– the historic port of Leith
So if you want a romantic holiday destination then you must Visit Scotland because Edinburgh is inviting you and Esta is always ready to help you. Please contact Esta and have a nice romantic day in Edinburgh.


The Minister of Town & Country Planning graded the building as one of special interest but sadly most of the building was destroyed by fire in 1954. The Council considered demolishing it, but it was saved by public protest. The carved stone set in the gable of the outhouse was not damaged.
The property was advertised for sale and considerable interest was shown. It was again destroyed by fire in 1975, and was subsequently vandalised. The council then decided to demolish the building completely. The Birkenhead History Society stepped in to try and save the building and were given 30 days to submit their suggestions.
The Birkenhead History Society won permission from Wirral Borough Council for the cottage to be rebuilt and restored to its former glory. Rather than return the cottage to residential use the Society felt that the townspeople would be better served by having a field study centre which could be used by local school children.
A historic package containing a copy of “News”, “Times” and some coins, a history of Birkenhead and in particular the restoration project was laid behind stones at the Cottage by the Mayor of Wirral, Councillor John Evans and his wife the Mayoress. The cottage was open for schools from May 1977.
A voluntary organisation called the Wirral Urban Farm Association together with the Tam O’Shanter Cottage Trust began to develop the 4 acres around the cottage as a city farm. The construction of farm buildings, paths and fencing was soon followed by a collection of farm animals.
The Tam O’Shanter Cottage Urban Farm Trust continues to manage the farm with its objectives to promote the preservation of the cottage as a field centre and education facility alongside providing and maintaining facilities for the social welfare, recreation and leisure time of the local community. Tam O’Shanter Urban Farm is maintained by the trust through grants, donations, fund-raising events, sales income and the generous support of many volunteers.


Regional city of Vinnitsa in the Ukraine is located on the riverbank. In the city occur rivers Tyazhilovka, Vinnichka and reg Cherry water storage basin. Vinnytsya City is the administrative center of Vinnitsa.
Average T in January is about - 6 ° C, in July - about +18 ° C. The year is 638 millimeters of rain falls. In winter there are heavy storms (from six to twenty days per year), mists (from thirty-seven to sixty days per year), storms (three to five days). The duration of daylight varies from eight to sixteen and a half hours.
Of the city's history
The exploration and colonization of the area began in the old. On the territory of the modern city have been discovered since the settlement of the Scythians and ancient Russia. In the 9 th century in the area lived tribes caught and Tivertsy, formed part of Kievan Rus. Further, this area went to Galicia-Volyn principality. In 1362 the territory belonged to the Lithuanian principality. Theodore and Constantine Koryatovych decided to build this fortress city. The first mention of Vinnitsa in the written sources dates back to 1362 year.
The castle was built on the left bank. In 1558 was built another fort on the island of Kemp. Vineyard received city status in the 15 century. From the second half of the 15 century, the city received a Magdeburg right. In 1569, Vinnitsa was transferred to Poland, and in 1598 became the center of Bratslav province.
During the War of 1648-1654 years 07/07/1648 Vinnitsa city was liberated from Polish rebels led by Colonel M. Kryvonosa. According Zbarouski Armistice in 1649 the town was included among the cities that housed the garrisons B. Khmelnitsky. In early 1651 the truce was violated by Poland. 11/03/1951, the Polish troops led by Hetman M. Kalinowski took Vinnitsa in the siege. GARRISON I. Bogun, consisting of 3000 soldiers repulsed several assaults. In a short time to help the city come Umansky regiment under the command of Josip deaf and Poltava regiment under the command of Martin Pushkar. Polish troops retreated from the city and were completely defeated near the town of Yakushinetskom forest.
According Andrusovo truce in 1667 the city again went to Poland in 1672, he moved to the Turks. In 1686 the city was again in possession of Poland. During the 18 century in the Right-Bank Ukraine, there were numerous Cossack and peasant uprising. In the period from 1702 po1704 years Podolia and Bratslavschiny area was cleared of the Polish gentry rebels S. Palia. In 1768 there was a peasant war-Koliivschina.
In 1793, the territory of Podolia and Bratslavschiny entered into the Russian Empire, was formed Podolsk province. Podolsk province became part of the western province Bratslav Province - Eastern Province. Vineyard received the status of the provincial capital, and then was transferred to the status of a district of the city. In 1798 in Vinnitsa was introduced "The police position."
According to the 1860 city population was about ten thousand people. The city was opened five schools, hospitals, theaters, one hundred and ninety of shops. Great influence on the development of the city had a building in 1870, not far from Vinnitsa train Kiev-Odessa-Balta. Over the past forty years, 19 th century the city grew in 3,5 times, he held a seat on a turnover of Podolia. In 1914, the city of Vinnytsia became the administrative center of Podolia.
10/28/1917, the city seized an armed rebellion, the authorities seized the revolutionary committee of workers 'and soldiers' deputies. In the Civil War, in Vinnytsia power has changed several times. Here at one time was the government of the UNR. In 1920 in Vinnitsa ruled by the Soviets.
In 1923 the city became a regional center, in 1932 became the administrative center of Vinnitsa region.
During WWII, many city residents went to the front. Struggle with the German saboteurs and protect important industrial enterprises carried out a specially crafted destroyer battalions. 07/19/1941, the city captured by the Germans. During the occupation in Vinnitsa operated several clandestine anti-fascist groups that operated underground center under the direction of Bevz were formed and the guerrilla groups. Located near the town of Hitler's headquarters "Werewolf", and in the city were created 2 camps for prisoners of war. In the camps, killing more than twelve thousand people, and in the mass raids were executed over twenty thousand inhabitants, more than thirteen thousand people were sent to work in Germany. The German invaders also shot more than seven hundred patients with psycho-neurological hospital of the city. During the occupation in Vinnitsa in general have been destroyed over forty-two thousand inhabitants.
In spring 1942 the Nazis were found in the city park of mass graves of victims of Stalin's repressions. In May 1943, the Nazis publicly revealed data disposal and used them for propaganda purposes.
03/20/1944, the city was liberated by units of the First Ukrainian Front. Many participants in clandestine activities have received state. awards. Leaders of the underground work of J. Bevz and L. Hall was posthumously awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union. One hundred and eighteen natives of the city and region have knowledge of the Heroes of the Soviet Union.
After the Second World War the city's population was about twenty-seven thousand inhabitants, fifty enterprises of the city there were only ten, about two thousand dwellings were completely destroyed during the war. By the end of 1948 the industrial complex of the city was restored, began the development of electronic, radio engineering, metalworking, machine-building industries, etc.
Now Vinnitsa is an intelligent and friendly city. Take a walk on the day following its cozy streets, not in a hurry, take a ride on the tram from Switzerland (incidentally, the only unique in Ukraine), visit the museum of the famous field surgeon Nikolai Pirogov and writer Michael heliolater Kotsyubinsky. Relax in the green public garden and park, which is hovering aura of calm and relaxation.
You do not have to miss a minute! Sea of interesting events, concerts and, of course, a wonderful new FONTAIN ROSHEN
- this is what you will appreciate the welcoming of Vinnitsa.
If you wish to visit our wonderful city Vinnitsa - please contact us and we will arrange your cozy staying here in hotel or renting a private apartment for less. We can to offer an excellent service for reasonable price.
Welcome to visit our city and we wish you a pleasant stay in Vinnitsa!
Vinnitsa city streets:
Vinnitsa city history
Vinnitsa was founded in 1363 as a fortress by Prince Algirdas of Lithuania. Vinnitsa settlement was often sacked by the Tatars and passed later to Poland and finally, in 1793, to Russia. Town status was conferred in 1795, although the settlement's growth accelerated only after the building of Kiev-Odessa railway in 1870.
Vinnitsa city view
Vinnytsa. Arch vestibule of Holy Transfiguration Cathedral
Vinnitsa city Holy Transfiguration Cathedral
Vinnitsa city history economy
Modern Vinnitsa city, as the center of a major agricultural region, produces fertilizers and has food-processing industries in addition to electronics, agricultural equipment, light engineering, clothing and footwear industries.
Vinnitsa city scenery
Vinnitsa city monument
Vinnitsa city railway station
Vinnitsa Ukraine city main attractions
Vinnitsa city has teacher-training and medical institutes, several theaters and a philharmonic society.
Vinnitsa city trolleybus
Vinnitsa city Chernobyl disaster memorial
Vinnitsa city Catholic churches
Vinnitsa city Orthodox church
Vinnitsa city Pirogova street
Vinnitsa new Magigrand trade center
Vinnitsa new Megamoll trade center
Vinnitsa city Museum of N.V.Pirogov: View virtual excursion below of this page


Executive Producer (Showrunner)
Writer (with Richard Brehm)
To mark the 25th anniversary of his blockbuster film Titanic's release, James Cameron tackles the controversy that has hounded him since the film's release: could Jack have survived the sinking? If there was "room on the door" for both him and Rose, would they have lasted long enough for the arrival of the rescue lifeboat nearly two hours later?. The documentary combines large-scale demonstrations looking at the technical side of the shipwreck with face-to-face encounters between Cameron and descendants of Titanic survivors.
The raft segment was shot in New Zealand, so due to Covid restrictions I had to produce that half of the film remotely. These pictures are screenshots taken from a rough cut – the actual final product looks quite nice. The special got quite a bit of press because fans of the film (and Internet cranks) can't quite let go.


Leeds is a modern metropolis. With a lively creative scene, a thriving digital sector and rich cultural life on every corner, it's no wonder Leeds consistently ranks as one of the best cities in the world. But let's not forget this place started life as a forested area called Loidis in the 8th century. Growing slowly throughout the medieval and Tudor eras, it came of age as an industrial powerhouse in the 18th century. Over the past 100 years it's flourished as a city of education, business and innovation.
This means that its streets are adorned with the most stunning buildings - each one telling a different story about the city Leeds was and is. If these bricks could talk, we'd never stop listening.
After gathering tips from locals, I've cherry picked the best buildings in Leeds and mapped out a route that will let you see them all in just a few hours. I've also included walking directions, giving you everything you need to explore these architectural delights at your own pace.
The Parkinson Building
The Parkinson Building is one of Leeds' most prominent landmarks - especially when it's lit up blue and purple at night. Opened in 1951 by HRH The Princess Royal, this art-deco construction is part of the University of Leeds and is still used for its original purpose as a library and art gallery.
Iconic, or an eyesore? This rusty-coloured, Brutalist-inspired structure has divided opinion since it was erected in 2010. However, with its imposing height and unusual design, there's no doubt that Broadcasting Tower is one of the Leeds' most unique buildings, and was once named the Best Tall Building in the World. Today it's owned by Leeds Beckett University and consists of student flats.
County Arcade, Victoria Quarter
While it's technically indoors, the County Arcade is considered one of the best buildings in Leeds for its fancy ironwork, gilded mosaics and stunning stained glass roof. It was built in 1900 by Frank Matcham - the architect who designed the London Palladium. The County Arcade is part of the Victoria Quarter, a high-end shopping arcade consisting of three blocks between Briggate and Vicar Lane.
The Corn Exchange has been at the centre of Leeds for more than 150 years. Designed by Cuthbert Brodrick, its impressive iron-crested dome, intricate exterior design and circular structure ensure it's still as well-known and well-loved today as it was when it was built in 1862. A key trading post in the Victorian era, now you'll find a range of cafes, hairdressers and boutique shops adorning its spectacular interior.
44 Call Lane
Tetris comes to mind when you gaze at this five-storey residential building which opened in 2007. Designed by Brewster Bye, the multi-coloured patchwork cladding on 44 Call Lane recalls the dyes used to make clothes - a link to Leeds' textile history.
You'll find more Brutalist inspiration at Waterman's Place, next to the Leeds Canal Basin. As part of the recent Granary Wharf regeneration, architects CZWG unveiled this striking brick, wooden and copper clad apartment building in 2009. The award-winning structure follows its own architectural logic, making it one of Leeds' most unusual buildings.
The aptly-named Candle House is what I've always imagined the Tower of Babel looking like - tall, cylindrical and imposing. Designed by careyjones, Candle House opened in 2009 - and its copper and red twisting brickwork exterior has cut a dominant figure on the skyline south of the city centre ever since. Today it's home to 160 of the most sought-after apartments in Leeds.
Along with the Corn Exchange, Tower Works is one of the last surviving Victorian buildings in Leeds. Built in 1864 by architect Thomas Shaw, its three Italianate towers were part of a factory that made steel pins. The factory closed in 1981 after 117 years in operation, and the site is to be regenerated as part of a £350m South Bank project to bring the area back to life with a hub of offices, apartments, bars and restaurants.
Legend has it that the Egyptian-inspired Temple Works once had a grass covered roof where sheep used to graze. Why? Because it helped retain humidity so the linen wouldn't dry out at this former flax mill. When it opened in 1840, more than 2,600 textile employees worked in what was at the time the largest single room in the world. It's now in the hands of CEG, a developer involved in the South Bank regeneration.
As you'll see from the engraving at its entrance, this building first opened its doors in 1891 as the Leeds and County Liberal Club. The Liberal Party dominated the administration of Leeds at the time and this lavish club - complete with extravagant masonry, intricate patterning and a red terrcotta facade - reflected its standing in the city. The decline of the Liberal Party meant it was let out entirely to offices by 1947. It was subsequently bought by the Eton Group and renovated into a luxe hotel, where the likes of Coldplay, Joan Rivers and Russell Brand have stayed.
Another Brutalist beauty, Bank House functioned as the Bank of England's regional headquarters when it opened in 1971. Composed of expensive Cornish granite and bronze cladding, and oddly layered as an inverse pyramid, it was originally meant to convey the bank's strength and impenetrability. Today Bank House is an office building, and listed as a site of special interest by Historic England.
Located on the busy corner of King Street and St Paul's Street, Atlas House stands out for its striking white marmo appearance, renaissance design and hulking sculpture of the Greek god Atlas - straining under the weight of the world. Atlas House was built in 1910 as the offices of insurance firm Perkin and Bulmer, and it's now occupied by cocktail chain Dirty Martini.
St Paul's House
I'm lucky enough to work just around the corner from St Paul's House - a centrepiece in Leeds' business district. Featuring a bold, Hispano-Moorish design, one of the key features on St Paul's House is the minarets - usually seen on mosques - on each corner. It was built in 1878 as a warehouse and cloth-cutting works, and extensively renovated in 1976. Today it's let out as office space.
Leeds Town Hall
Last but definitely not least is probably the best building in Leeds - Leeds Town Hall. This iconic Baroque structure is the crowning glory of Cuthbert Brodrick's architectural career. It's just as awe-inspiring today as it was when it was built in 1858, with its giant columns, stone lion statues and opulent entrance doors rendering it magnificent in every sense of the word. The interior is just as fantastic, as you'll see if you ever attend one of its many events - from beer festivals to music concerts.
Next time you're out and about in Leeds, look up. From Italian-inspired icons to Brutalist beauties, this city is full of gems.
If you think I've failed to mention one of Leeds' best buildings, let me know on Twitter.
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Sport as a show and sport as an experience.
The former is an elite sport, with marketing and business support, which in the end are its reasons for being.
This kind of sport has played a key role in slowing the advance of the working class movement, acting as a stress relief and restricting the working class in its spare time.
On the other hand, it has also been a way of alienation that avoids important differences such as class ones, to make people unite supporting a banal football team, national team, etc.
The latter is a physical activity with important benefits for the health and physic conditions of those who practice them.
There is no contradiction between sport and anarchist ideology because sport does not have a desire to socially organise but is a playful expression according to rules of mutual agreement.
Sport itself is not about “beating your neighbour” but an effort to surpass adversities. This is how the rival becomes a collaborator or mate for seeking a common goal as much as in the fun as in the physical and mental improvement.
– Juventudes Anarquistas de León (F.I.J.A), “Anarquismo y deporte”, Germinal Libertario nº2, winter 2009.
The People’s Olympiad.
The Baron de Coubertin founded the modern Olympiad in late 19th Century and the workers’ sports movement was also immediately founded, with a similar structure but with a marked political profile.
Whilst the athletes in the bourgeoisie focused their activity on the show business and the economic variable, the working athletes focused in these 5 rules:
- No interest for the competition but self-improvement.
- Avoiding the professional sport culture.
- Promotion of amateur sports avoiding marketing
- Everyone’s access to sport.
- Reaching world peace through international contacts.
The workers’ sport had its own Olympiad: the People’s Olympiad. Between 1921 and 1936 five editions were held.
This Olympiad had a program composed not only of sporting specialities but also folk shows, art exhibitions, conferences and debates around social matters.
The Baron de Coubertin accepted once that the people’s sport was closer to the sporting concept itself.
On 1936 the neutral Olympiad was about to take place in Adolf Hitler’s Berlin. He announced a number of changes in the games program, for example the sports federation and belonging to a club was denied to all the Jewish athletes. The Olympic Committee gave their agreement, but many people claimed that Nazi Germany with all that anti-Semitic, anti-socialist, anti-catholic propaganda wasn’t a place for the Olympiad to be held.
The American Jewish organizations and the European Sports federations had the leading role in the main protests.
Meanwhile, in the mid-30s Catalunya, so-called Popular Sport had been gaining strength with the values of equality, solidarity, fraternity, fair play and specially guaranteeing accessibility for everybody, following the workers’ sport rules.
At the same time, these rules helped to fight the fascist ideas and supported democracy.
A Popular Olympiad with a national scope was organised in Barcelona. It had not only the main popular Olympic aim, and also condemned the eventual Olympic Games in Nazi Germany.
This idea was embraced with such an enthusiasm in countries such as France or Belgium that the People’s Olympiad also became international.
23 delegations were registered. The regions and countries without independence from others such as Algeria, Palestine or the Basque Country received a status with the same rights in this People’s Olympiad, which provided all the nations’ freedom.
Three athlete categories were created: elite, expert and amateur, and the women were also encouraged to take part.
Unfortunately, the day after the general rehearsal of the official opening ceremony, on the July 19th 1936 the coup d’état cut short the Olympiad.
On the other hand, Hitler spent all his means in his Olympiad and obtained a total media success. Thus the People’s Olympiad was relegated to the background. Even though in 1937 the substitute of the Barcelona’36 Olympiad took place in Antwerp, with 27,000 athletes entering from 17 countries, with a Spanish team and a Catalan one.
The People’s Olympiad began to lose popularity when the USSR joined the International Olympic Committee to play a leading role in the competition between the two major blocks of the tieme: communist and capitalist.
– Schram, Javko. “Las Olimpiadas Obreras” (original in esperanto). Published in “Sennaciulo”. October 2004.
– Alsina, Guillem. “Otros Juegos Olímpicos: las Olimpiadas Obreras”. www.notinat.com.es October 2007.
The Jupiter Sports Club.
The Jupiter club was founded in 1909 in the Poble Nou neighbourhood in Barcelona by the Mauchan brothers, factory workers and sons of an English industrialist who introduced football, which was not popular in Catalunya.
During its growth, Jupiter started new sections such as athletics, hockey and trekking, which was the most important and with widespread activity.
The main section was still football with 1924-1925 being its best season, when it became champion of Catalunya and Spain in the B group.
Poble Nou was a working class neighbourhood, republican and with much affiliation to CNT. The CNT trade union was omnipresent in everyday life in the neighbourhood as an adaptation worker for the massive immigration process to a hostile urban environment, ensuring solidarity against labour exploitation, social inequality, police brutality, unemployment and medical leaves. Jupiter became a meeting point for these CNT-affiliated workers. Therefore, during the thirties the Jupiter premises contained a clandestine arsenal. They also took advantage of the team’s journeys to create a distribution network hiding pistols inside the footballs.
Once in July 1936, the Nosotros CNT group members with Ascaso, García Oliver and Durruti –all of them neighbours of that zone- among others, met and prepared to stop the imminent coup d’état.
A couple of trucks from a textile factory of the zone were expropriated and equipped with a machine gun. These trucks stayed parked in the Jupiter football field, meeting point for the trade unionists that fended off the army men that came out the Barcelona quarters. The streets surrounding the football field were full of armed anarchist activists.
The tactic used was to let the soldiers out the quarters making it easier to defeat them.
On the other hand, other Poble Nou neighbours assaulted the Docks quarter on the Icaria avenue using large cable rolls from the harbour as moving barricades, and launching trucks at top speed to push over the quarter gates.
Within thirty hours, the fascist soldiers were defeated and the whole city remained in trade unionists’ hands.
During the war, with the anarchist front displaced in Aragon, Jupiter became an active collaborator of Socorro Rojo, Red Aid, organising the assistance between the many trade unions, working organisations and left-wing political parties.
Later on, as a consequence of the fascist triumph, Jupiter had to modify its badge once again –after having already done so during the Primo de Rivera period- because of showing pro-Catalan connotations: a star and four stripes. There was also an attempt to turn it into a subsidiary team of R.C.D. Español, and Jupiter’s name was changed into Hercules.
– “El Júpiter: futbol rebel al Poblenou”. Anonymous, http://www.stpaulicatalunya.cat , April 2012.
– “El Júpiter (Historia paralela de este club de fútbol y del Poblenou)”. Guillamón, Agustín. historiasdelpoblenou.blogspot.co.at , July 2004.
– Corbacho, Emilio. “Júpiter i Espanyol, dues històries de política i esport”. www.pericosonline.com , March 2005
Translation revision courtesy of Steve Cedar.


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