Prof. Katherine Munro
Where cows once grazed and horses were groomed, graduate students now engage in debate about the 21st century economy. Where carriages once rambled along, cars now whiz by; where governesses once tutored, lecturers now teach and where children once played, student now live.
Visitors to the Wits Parktown Campus are often taken aback by the beautiful surroundings in which they find themselves. More than that, it is the story behind each building that seeps through, inviting guests to take a nostalgic walk through history.
The Campus forms part of Parktown (originally Park Town, named after Park Station) an old residential part of Johannesburg dating back to the end of the 19th century. Park Town became a desirable new suburb from 1892 to 1910, housing the elite residents of Johannesburg.
Bordered by St David’s Place, Victoria Avenue, Blackwood Road, Oxford Road and St Andrew’s Road, the Parktown Campus is now an academic and residential hub, extending over seven hectares. It is home to the Wits Business School and the School of Public and Development Management but it also serves as a residential hub, housing the 22 double-storey cluster units of Parktown Village 1 for postgraduate students and the older, substantial sturdy blocks of the Ernest Oppenheimer Hall dating back to the 1960s, affectionately called EOH by generations of undergraduates.
Wits University invested in properties in Parktown from the early 1960s and remains a major landowner with an interest in maintaining its educational presence. Sadly, even in recent decades, much of the past vanished as new buildings were erected. Today there is a far greater consciousness of the need to preserve our architectural heritage than there was even 20 years ago. A powerful legislative framework ensures that older buildings cannot be demolished or even altered without permission and consultation. In terms of the National Heritage Resources Act of 1999, permits are needed to demolish or redevelop any structure older than 60 years.
Wits faces the challenge of conserving and celebrating the past while at the same time adapting old buildings to suit modern educational purposes. We would like to further develop the Parktown Campus as a premier South African management education campus to shape global leaders in Africa in the 21st century. We are actively seeking support to build a conference centre, to enhance accommodation for students and delegates and to upgrade teaching and library facilities.
Drawing on Australia’s Burra Charter of 1999 (The ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural significance) Wits is committed to understanding the cultural significance of its buildings through documenting the fabric of the buildings and researching the history of all its properties. To this end, the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management commissioned architects Henry Paine and Johann Bruwer to present a Heritage Status Report to assist Wits in preserving and developing the Parktown Campus and to ensure that it meets all legislative requirements.
Wits believes that old houses, outbuildings, servants' quarters, coach houses, a block of flats, and even boundary walls, trees and gateposts can be saved and imaginatively included in plans for new activities. Wits seeks to work with the Parktown Heritage Association to ensure that the richly layered history of this portion of Johannesburg is preserved, protected and appreciated.
Paine and Bruwer have researched the history and buildings of seven of the original Parktown Campus stands. For a complete copy of the report send an email to firstname.lastname@example.org
The core of the Wits Parktown Campus is the historic piece of land once known as The Oval. The 1896 Plan of Johannesburg
drawn by AE Kaplan, shows the Parktown Oval positioned at the centre of the original eight stands. In 1939, the Oval was renamed by the City of Johannesburg to the John Forrest Oval which later became an additional playing field for the Park Town Preparatory School (PTPS). In 1970 the City Council donated the Oval and the Oval Road to the University. Regrettably, much of the land was used for the residential Parktown Village cluster in the 1980s. Today, it is only a slight bend in the road behind EOH that picks up the outline of the original oval space.
The name The Oval was also given to the double-storey, symmetrical small block of flats facing St Andrews Road built in 1926 in Early Modernist style. Minimal alterations have been made to the four original apartments and the original design is still visible. Wits acquired the property in 1963 and is currently using it for residential accommodation. Wits is planning to make this building the new home of the Centre for Defence and Security Studies.
On the corner of Blackwood Avenue and St Andrew’s Road is Beaulieu or Annie’s House. This modest, single-storey home was built in 1901 by Simon Zwarenstein. The style is late Victorian and a Cape Dutch-style gable was added in 1904. The house is of importance because it was the first of two residences built next to the Oval. Wits acquired the house and its associated buildings in 1972.
One of the two most imposing extant homes on the Parktown Campus is Outeniqua. This home has been described as a Parktown Baronial, built in 1904 on the corner of St David’s Place and St Andrew’s Road. The original residents were the Robert Kantor family. It is an eclectic mix of architectural details - Arts and Crafts and art Nouveau as seen in the glass panes and the imposing Burmese teak staircase. The house was also known as Ohlsson House but in 1912 when ownership passed to Abraham Aaron Atkins, a Russian Jewish immigrant, the name of the house changed to Streatham. Over the next half-century there were four owners. The present name, Outeniqua was given to the house by Johanna Theron who from 1957 ran a boarding house for Wits students and the Overseas Visitors Club.
Wits acquired Outeniqua in 1964 as a suitable home and location for the newly established Wits Business School (WBS). New buildings were added to the rear of the old house. The success of the WBS and the generous support of donors has enabled additions and extensions to be made, linking the old and the new. The house is in excellent condition but the alterations and additions have compromised the integrity of the original design of the house. In 1999 the Albert Wessels Building was completed followed by the Bert Wessels building in 2004.
Equally important from a heritage perspective is North Lodge on the corner of Victoria Avenue and Oxford Road. The house was completed in 1906 for Henry S Wilson in a style called Free Renaissance. It was an architectural fantasy featuring a steeply sloped Gothic roof with turrets. Over the years there were several changes in ownership and function - the house was at one stage a school, then a boarding house and later a private hotel before its acquisition by the University in 1964. North Lodge became part of EOH and the Dean and his family lived on the ground floor with senior students accommodated on the first floor. In 1982 the house became a national monument. However, the integrity of the original design was lost with the changes to the roof and the demolition of the turrets of the original house and the coach house and stables. The conservatory to the western side of the house is reminiscent of the conservatory of Melrose House in Pretoria. It was restored in 1996 and the stained glass fanlights bring back that fantasy feel of the faux Gothic design.
Mwalimu House, today the home of Wits’ Link Centre for research and teaching in telecommunications policy was built in the 1930s for a Mrs Fanny Segell and was called House Segell. It is a double-storey modernist house built on the site of an original 1918 house. The 1938 house had a flat concrete roof but in 1953 this was converted to a hipped slate roof, compromising the integrity of the art deco design. The servants’ quarters of the original 1918 home were retained and today this more humble structure is considered to be of cultural significance. Despite the loss of the original setting of this house, the period woodwork, brickwork, fittings and flooring are still appreciated. The University acquired the property from Alfred Segell in 1971 and renovations were completed in 1981.
Today Wits is preserving but giving new life to Trematon House on the corner of Victoria Avenue and Trematon Place (formerly Queens Place), to create additional quality residential accommodation. Trematon House started as a modest home for E Holmes in 1902. In 1910 the house was redeveloped as a boarding house with dormitories and bedrooms, a dining hall, kitchen and communal bathroom and toilets for the PTPS. The style is late Edwardian and Geoffrey E Pearse was the architect. Pearse was appointed the first Professor of Architecture at Wits in 1921 and had the distinction of being the first Professor of Architecture in South Africa. The Foundation stone was laid by Sir Lionel Phillips in 1913 and the project was completed in 1914. The PTPS building was itself demolished to make way for EOH. Wits acquired the building in 1963 and it served as the home of the Institute for Adult Education and the Schmerenbeck Centre for several years and also as the location of a holiday centre for the children of Wits staff and students.
Wits is currently exploring a range of development and planning options in light of the historical age and importance of the Parktown Campus. Despite so much being lost in the past, there is much to preserve, celebrate and enjoy. We invite you to take a walk along the jacaranda-lined roads of the Parktown Campus and to take a peep into our buildings to see how Wits blends the past and present. You have only to read a bit, park your car and pay a visit to the Parktown Campus to experience the echoes of the past.
Prof. Katherine Munro is Acting Dean of the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management at Wits University. This article was first published in the Wits Review, a quarterly publication for WIts Alumni produced by the Alumni Relations Office.


Pitcairn Home · Pitcairn Facts · Tartans · Clan Crest · Associated Names · Coats of Arms · Pitcairn Clan Shop · Clan History & Blogs · Pitcairn Gallery · Clan Lands & Places · Clan Social Groups · Pitcairn People · Clan Society & Links. Clan Pitcairn Tartans. Pitcairn Hunting. Other Appropriate Tartans: Graham of Montrose.
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The Scottish Clans - Over Clans Featured - Kindle edition by Donald Cuthill, Rodger Moffet. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading The Scottish Clans - Over Clans Featured.
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Cece has created an amazing collection of Clan, Family and District Tartan Desktop Themes for free download. There are clan badges, a map of Scotland and Celtic, Saints and Crosses Themes plus Celtic midi tunes to download as well. And as if that wasn't enough, there are screen savers based on illustrations from.
Nov 28, The Clan is a concept which dates back to the 12th Century. The Scottish clans were originally extended networks of families who had loyalties to a particular chief, but the word 'clan' is derived from the Gaelic 'clann', meaning literally children. In Scotland a clan is still a legally recognised group with an.
Cape Fear Valley Scottish Clans: To preserve and promote the history, culture and traditions of the early Scottish settlers to the upper Cape Fear Valley region.
And after you learn of your Clan affiliation you can use the "Clan Map" above to see the region of Scotland from which your clan hails. When you click on the of the event - Clan Row. When the official application form is available we will post it here and on the Forms page for you to download, complete, and return to us.
The Scottish clan system was one of the pillars of society that maintained social stability (and political instability) in the northern reaches of the Kingdom of Scotland. Thus, the decline of the clans presented a vast and irreversible change to such realities in the. Highlands and Isles,2 not to mention to the entire realm itself.
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SGE Students Watched the Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China
On the morning of October 1, students of SGE watched the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China in the new main building D1120. Vice Dean Zhao Haiyun, Student Affairs Office manager Zhao Qiudi, instructor Li Xiang of year 2019 and others watched this ceremony together.
At 10 am, Premier Li Keqiang announced: The celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China begins now!Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, president of China and chairman of the central military commission, delivered an important speech.
With the national anthem played, all the teachers and the students stood up to sing the national anthem, with a magnificent momentumto express their infinite love of the motherland and best wishes for the future of the motherland.The military parade starts with the spirit of Walking for a hundred meters with no fault of length and walking a hundred steps with no fault of time. In order to be inspected by the party and the people, officers and soldiers of the parade walked through Tian’anmen Square with a neat military appearance, of magnificent momentum and in a high spirit.There were flying fighters, vast and mighty chariot and gathering soldiers and weapons. As the National Day military parade went on, there was a burst of applause and cheers from time to time in the classroom.
Subsequently, 36 squares composed of 100000 people, 70 sets of floats walked through the central of Tian’anmen Square, showingthe historical process of the republic. The parade including three chapters composed of Establishing a state and starting a business, the reform and opening up and the great rejuvenation of China. The parade displayed giant portraits of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao and comrade Xi Jinping.Accompanied by the rhythm of the Story of Spring, the Critical Choice square composed of Beihang students walked through Tian’anmen Square of great momentum and high spirits, shouting the slogan loudly with glory and dream, to be inspected by the party and the people.The teachers and students in the classroom are also deeply affected bythe warm atmosphere of the parade. Their love of our country and pride in our school stirred in the heart.Everyone was proud of Beihang students’ participation in the ceremony.
At 12:50 a.m., the conference celebrating the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China ended in a successful way.


This exhibit has moved to: http://cashcrop.uncc.edu
UNC Charlotte Atkins Library Special Collections
These items are a part of the UNC Charlotte Library's Special Collections.
Artist Stephen Hayes encountered an image of a slave ship diagram in a printmaking class that would eventually lead to...
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Miami Beach is a vibrant and fun tropical treat. From its many gorgeous beachfront resorts to its hot nightlife, Miami Beach is enjoying a resurgence in popularity. At the turn of last century, Miami Beach was nothing more than a sandbar but a few pioneers decided the area could be transformed into a real island. Through some amazing feats of civil engineering, they managed to change the flow of channels and bring in enough soil to create a new barrier island. By the 1920’s and 30’s famous gangsters started wintering on Miami Beach and the first building boom began. Things cooled off a bit during the war years, but by the mid-1950’s Miami Beach became THE place to vacation. Movie stars like Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin frequented the tony resorts along the ocean like the Eden Roc and Fountainbleau. Miami Beach became a Las Vegas-style playground filled with excitement and drama. It was a place to see and be seen. The tropical fashions, mid-century modern architecture, and overall cool vibe became known as Miami Modern, or MiMo for short. We took our cues for the Miami Beach Collection from this MiMo era with its bright colors and 1950’s motifs all with a tropical attitude.


Client: Privately held small business
Project: To collect $9,300 debt owed for a cemetery monument
Service: Debt Collection
Prior to founding Kaizen Enterprises, our principal, Ian James, collected more than 250,000 debts. Many of these were routine and small consumer debts, but some had particular elements that required creative thinking, as the cause of non-payment of the debt appeared intractable.
This case study is an example of rigorous research that enabled a solution to the problem which led to the debt being paid, and happily.
I was engaged by a Monumental Stonemason to recover $9,300 from a debtor who would not pay because the work undertaken had not complied with his specifications. The stonemason had erected a monument at Liverpool Cemetery in Sydney with a kerb height of 12 inches. However, the debtor had contracted for a kerb height of 15 inches, and stated that the height proportion had deep religious significance for his family.
The stonemason had simply followed the cemetery regulations, which required that graves be able to support a second burial in the same plot, without realising that the height had specific religious connotations. He had also failed to advise the customer of the cemetery regulations before commencing the work. The regulation was designed to ensure that the monument could be lifted by two men in the case of a second interment.
As the contract had required a 15-inch kerb, any court action against the debtor would likely fail as the specifications had not been met. To complicate matters further, the debtor was demanding that the stonemason remove the monument and refund his deposit of $2,000 if the kerb was not reinstalled at the required 15 inches. He would not accept a reworking of the existing kerbstone.
My challenge therefore was to find a way that the monument could be installed to meet the customer’s requirements, to enable payment of the debt, within the Act governing the cemetery.
To help determine whether this impasse could be resolved, I examined the legal situation regarding cemetery monuments. Preliminary contact with the cemetery trustee established that the monument was technically the maximum height allowable under the Crown Lands Consolidation Act 1913 (NSW).
Further research established that pursuant to the ‘Supplement to the New South Wales Government Gazette No. 25’,  issued on 10 March 1944 by the Department of Lands, the following regulations were applicable to the relevant section of Liverpool cemetery:
I then met the debtor on the basis that a mutually beneficial resolution might be possible. The debtor was appreciative of our approach as he was distressed that the burial had breached his deeply-held beliefs. I explained why the kerb had been installed at 12 inches and although he said he understood, he was unmovable in his requirement for the 15-inch kerbing. He had migrated from a country that had no such building restrictions and couldn’t comprehend the rules that prevented him from building any monument he wanted in Australia.
He agreed to pay the debt as soon as the monument complied with his initial requirements.
I set about looking for a suitable exception that would permit the Cemetery Trustee to waive the normal height requirements. In the course of my research, I discovered that the deceased had died from tuberculosis, which, as a serious communicable disease, made it illegal for the grave to be reopened. Therefore the height restrictions, which were designed to ensure that a monument was light enough to be lifted and removed by two men, were no longer applicable.
Based on this information and our interpretation of the law, I made representations to the Cemetery Trustee, who agreed that the height restrictions could be waived in this case. I then advised the debtor, who confirmed that he would pay the debt as soon as the monument met the original specifications.
The stonemason then removed the existing kerbing, which he could reuse, and installed the new kerb at the required height of 15 inches. The Cemetery Trustee issued a certificate of compliance with the regulations of Section 26 of the Crown Lands Consolidation Act 1913.
Within two days of the installation, the debtor paid the $9,300 in full, and included a note thanking me for my kindness.


The Archer team made an app that could change the way we watch TV.
My work in UI & UX began in the early 2000s, back when the buzzword was 'Interactive Multimedia'. I worked for four years at Centre Screen, one of the UKs leading multimedia production companies. They're still around today, and specialize in touchscreen interactive kiosks and exhibits for museums and visitor centres.
While some of my work from that period may look a little dated today, the UI & UX concepts I learned during that time (such as wire-framing, QA testing, interface consistency, and designing for all ages and abilities) are still as valid as they were back then. As UI & UX Designer on Archer, P.I., I channeled all I had learned at Centre Screen, and everything I'd picked up since.


In early 1937, the First Baptist Church of Maryville decided to start a mission church in Bungalow. Interested citizens of the community pledged and collected money to buy materials to construct a church building on land donated for that purpose. The building was across the street on the opposite corner of Foch and Oak (currently Oakdale) Street. Church services were held in a brush arbor on Oak Street during the spring and summer of that year while men of the community constructed the building. On September 30, 1937, a meeting was held in the new building for the purpose of organization. Those present included a delegation from First Baptist Church of Maryville. In July of 1947, the parsonage was started, and men from the church helped build it. In 1953, a committee was formed to investigate the possibility of purchasing the old Bungalow School. At a public sale on the 27th of February 1954, the trustees bought the school and land for $5600.00. The school was used as our church for the next ten years. Plans were started in 1962, and the present building was completed and used for the first time in January 1964. The education addition was started and completed in 1978. The sanctuary of the church was renovated in 2011. Part of the pulpit in use today, was made from the pulpit used in the first little church. Some tables in use then are still being used today. The table in the vestibule was purchased used for $15.00 in 1947. Many of you and your parents were part of this church in the early years and have worked and served in many ways through the years to make this a church we can take pride in. Many are no longer with us, but their service to the Lord through this church is not forgotten.
HOW DO I BECOME A MEMBER?
How do I become a Member at Oak Street Baptist Church? There are three ways to join OSBC: By Baptism – making a profession of faith in Jesus Christ and following through with believers baptism By Church Letter – moving your membership from another Baptist Church By Statement – coming by way of statement from another church with like faith and baptism Paul described the church as being a body of Christ, with many parts, and one head, Christ. Like our human bodies, all of us have a specific function. The body cannot function well without an arm or a toe. Work cannot be done as easily if you're missing an arm, or a leg. Every part has its function, and do you. You have a function, or ministry, set aside for you here at Oak Street Baptist Church, that only you can fill. Their are some expectations from members of the church. To develop a personal prayer and Bible Study time. This is essential to your spiritual development and growth. To be active in attendance of the worship service, and Bible studies. Also, to find and develop your spiritual gift, and use that spiritual gift as a part of the worship and ministries of Oak Street Baptist Church. To be an active supporter of the church financially through your tithes and offerings, and to actively share your faith through personal witnessing to others of what Jesus Christ has done in your life.
If you have questions about becoming a member please call the church so we can get you in contact with the pastor. (865) 984-5070


UNITED METHODIST CHURCH
The Poplar Grove United Methodist Church traces its roots to the first settlers that began to arrive in the Poplar Grove area in the late 1830's. In 1864 the Methodist Church building was erected at a cost of $2,000. By 1913 the two churches in Poplar Grove -Methodist and Congregational - were struggling financially; so they joined into one body as the Poplar Grove Federated Church, moving into the Congregational Church building on State Street. The Federated Church continued until 1963, when, by vote of the congregation, we became known as the Poplar Grove Community Methodist Church, dropping the Congregational affiliation. In 1968, the Methodist and Evangelical United Brethren denominations united and we became the Poplar Grove United Methodist Church. After two major remodeling / addition projects and eighty-six years at the State Street address, our new church building was erected. We held our first worship services in the new building - a blend of traditional and contemporary decor - on Saturday, February 6th and Sunday, February 7th , 1999.


Gold Panning in Oregon: 10 Secret Places To Check
2021-8-4 · A Gold Prospecting Site in Oregon. More gold discoveries were made in Southern Oregon and Northern California during the 1850s and 1860s. However, it was not until 1869 that a group of six men found the ''Lost Blue Bucket Mine'' in Jackson County. This gold rush saw the arrival of many people from San Francisco seeking their fortune.OREGON GOLD MAPS, OREGON GOLD PANNING, …2022-1-9 · oregon gold maps. gold in oregon - gold maps for gold panning, metal detecting and prospecting with over 2700 gold sites. gold maps are great for gold panners, gold metal detecting, gold prospectors, rock hounds, campers, hikers, and geologist.


The Top 10 Cities in Central and South America and No 1. Antigua Guatemala.
Updated: Oct 23, 2021
Ringed by volcanoes, Antigua Guatemala has had to endure its fair share of earthquakes and other natural disasters over the centuries, but there are still plenty of historic monuments and buildings from the 1600s and 1700s that left readers marveling. "We were fortunate to visit just before COVID-19 hit," shared one voter. "Everything in this historic city is beautiful! The Jade Museum was wonderful. The friendliness and hospitality of the city were evident everywhere." Echoed another, "Beautiful old city with lots of charm and history. Religious processionals around and into the cathedral were so inspiring." In the historic core, visitors can also shop for beautiful local handicrafts and take a chocolate-making class at artisan shop Ek Chuah. Outdoor enthusiasts will also find plenty to do, including hiking the Corazón de Agua trail and taking a guided trek to see the Volcán Fuego erupt.


Thursday, December 30, 2010
The dream home by Charles Faudree is a horse farm in Virginina. The house is patterned after a classic southern home. The 150-year old beamed ceilings and period palster mantels and moldings handcrafted by a local architectural sculptor give this house warmth and its Georgian looks along with the extensive collection of French and English antiques. The home feels inviting and welcoming despite its grand scale. The house, filled with beautiful collections, gorgeous fabrics and soothing colors, achives a casual elegance that perfectly suits the hunt country life.
During the 1700's Georgian Colonial style became fancy in New England and the Southern colonies. The symmetrical and stately homes imitated the larger, more elaborate English Georgian homes. The Britons drew inspiration from ancient Greece and Rome and the Italian Renaissance during the reign of King George I in the early 1700's and later King George III. Georgian styling became extremely popular with the rich colonists, regular gentry also took on characteristics of the Georgian style.


As British jewelry posses a substantial contact on the jewelry industry due to their special culture background expect the skilled jewelry moulding techniques, this device is about to introduce some of the cultural background allied to jewelry.
The Cultural Style of British Jewelry
Retro and grace, the classical heritage of traditionBritain is one of the several countries that enrol a regal house; the traditional and rigorous royal practice has always been the media of heritage to ravine on the classical fashion of the family, which creates the showily procedure of British jewelry that is tiring to be compared or imitated buoyant by others Queen Victorian who seized the fastness for 64 years retain a large emotion for jewelry unbiased as the thriving achievement she had made Elizabeth, the monarch who has a big overpower on the jewelry as well as her father Henry VIII, you may secure the sight of accessories inlaid with diverse emerald, ruby etc decorating her gorgeous robes gracefully Today, when you flexible the door on the antique street Noing Hill, patrician and stunning tall jewels out of vivid and breezy ordinary elements which coupled with classical and pleasing genteel modeling would definitely carry you a perceive of awesome grand and classical sentiment from the glorious familyLuxurious diamond: dedication from multiple endeavorsWhen banner of the idyllic was torpid flying in the tune of India and South Africa, the simple had become the worlds largest and awful rural Thus the warm and flashing diamond resource which was productive in these two countries became the treasure which was contributed to the kngly descendants for sure Do you dormant remember the moonstone in the tale of Collins which shines easily moon-like luster? In reality, inspiration of the gem was from the gigantic diamond Koh-I-Noor weighing 108 caratThe Cullian which was from the South Africa might be the most sparking birthday gift of King Edward who gave the direction to underside the diamond to Netherlands to be processed with the most superb techniques Under about day and nights work, the diamond is nick into 9 colossal diamonds which were inlaid in the glorious scepter and crown specificallyIn the thousands of diamond mining history, it is rare to see diamonds whose weights is supplementary 20 carats, and those are more than 100 carats might be regarded as the governmental jewel While in the royal successors jewelry collection, diamonds of the national solitaire grade is further than one, which can exhibit the special favorite of the British aristocracy for diamond. It can be explained that diamond can bring people the firmness and charm that can never be surpassedKnight spirits: traditional accessories of the classWhen these elements such as badges, cross, sword belt, spurs, sword and steed etc represented on jewelry, courage, loyalty and the sacred feeling of patriotic would be revealed at once The equestrian station is the thumping esteemed part of the British native culture, which are the most eminent elements for jewelry making. The lord spirits alloy the Christian rectitude of forbear and serene, refined aristocrats bearing and the deference for duchess together to evince the creation sophisticated attitudes of justice, tolerance, cautions, humility and abidance of honorThe penetration of childlike and pure styleSince the 18 century, influence of machines winded the society, and aspects of live thus becoming quick and monotonous Exquisite decoration, tasteful building started to be alternated by simple and intensive concrete, practice of jewelry was involved in the trends of industrialization, a simplified method of jewelry began to be bestowed favor which finished of contemporary feelingAvant art: new title challenging the traditionsWhen the pleasing jewelry sweetheart by the doyenne and the kngly were on heated auction, the newly-rising designers who were controversial and frank embodied their vision for art with the most direct ways. Inspiration from queer materials such as elastic, pushpin, plastic and even straw became harmonious jewelry by designing of these creative designers, just as themselves, their jewelry were whole of individuality of individuals. Most of they were in the squad of instructor designers Perhaps it was the purity that they posses not been affected the dignified bearings of society and were not ardent with materials from the kngly family, most of their works were imbued with the realignment of geometry, childlike interest and the frank desire to return to the attitude instead of those valuable and luxurious materialsAlternative symmetry subservient the discipline of fashionFrom the punk godmother to procedure bad boys, both Vivienne Westwood and Alexander McQueen were impressed in the memory of relatives as unique publicity. The series and rigorous tradition has never unbounded their fancy creativity, they found the bill between parallel and principles It can be uttered in some shade that the British style contains the framework of tradition and alternation, which stirs the creative inspiration of the designers And jewelry and accessories which are beneath the gentle of the bill is like the bloomed flowers as the British style concentrating all the essence and giving out taking beauty.


The me 323 was a german military transport aircraft used during world war ii, capable of carrying heavy loads and troops. With its impressive size and capacity, the me 323 played a significant role in logistical operations and contributed to the german war effort.
In this blog, we will delve into the history of the me 323, explore its design and capabilities, and discuss its impact on the war. So, let's dive into the fascinating world of the me 323 and discover the story behind this remarkable aircraft.
Design And Engineering Innovations
Innovative Design Features
The me 323, a german military cargo aircraft developed during world war ii, boasted several notable design and engineering innovations that set it apart from other aircraft of its time. Here are some key features that made this aircraft truly remarkable:
- ### gigantic size and capacity:
- With a wingspan of 55 meters and a length of 28 meters, the me 323 was one of the largest military transport aircraft of its era.
- It had an impressive cargo capacity, capable of accommodating up to 130 fully-equipped soldiers or large vehicles such as tanks.
- ### unique high-wing design:
- The me 323 featured a distinctive high-wing configuration that allowed for easy loading and unloading of cargo from the large, hinged rear ramp.
- This design also provided better ground clearance, enabling the aircraft to operate from unprepared surfaces.
- ### reinforced fuselage and wings:
- Given its intended purpose of transporting heavy loads, the me 323 incorporated reinforced fuselage and wing structures to ensure structural integrity.
- This engineering feat allowed the aircraft to withstand the stresses associated with carrying such substantial payloads.
- ### multiple engine setup:
- The me 323 was equipped with six powerful engines mounted on its wings, providing ample thrust for takeoff and sustaining flight, even with heavy loads.
- This innovative multiple engine setup offered reliability and redundancy, ensuring the aircraft could continue flying if one or more engines failed.
- ### tailwheel configurations:
- To improve maneuverability, the me 323 had two different tailwheel configurations. During takeoff and landing, it utilized a four-wheel tailwheel, which provided stability and control.
- Once airborne, the tailwheel retracted, and the aircraft relied on a smaller single-wheel tail skid for reduced drag.
These design and engineering innovations not only made the me 323 visually distinct but also contributed to its ability to transport heavy cargoes over long distances. By implementing unique features such as its enormous size, high-wing design, reinforced structure, multi-engine setup, and tailwheel configurations, the me 323 showcased the dedication to creating a resilient and efficient military cargo aircraft.
The structural strength of the me 323 aircraft played a crucial role in its success during world war ii. From its reinforced framework to the incorporation of advanced construction techniques, every aspect of its design was carefully crafted to ensure durability and reliability in the face of intense combat conditions.
Reinforced Framework And Materials:
- The me 323 featured a robust framework that provided exceptional support and stability. Its design incorporated reinforced sections that could withstand heavy loads and turbulence.
- The aircraft's fuselage was constructed using a combination of high-strength alloys and specialized materials, making it capable of withstanding the rigors of combat.
- The wings of the me 323 were designed with reinforced spars and ribs, ensuring structural integrity even when subjected to extreme forces during flight.
- To further enhance its strength, strategic areas of the aircraft were reinforced with additional structural elements, effectively distributing the load and minimizing stress concentrations.
Incorporation Of Advanced Construction Techniques:
- The me 323 made use of innovative construction techniques that were ahead of its time. These techniques allowed for a higher strength-to-weight ratio, ensuring maximum performance while minimizing unnecessary weight.
- Engineers employed advanced welding methods to join various components of the aircraft, creating seamless and sturdy connections. This not only improved structural integrity but also contributed to the aircraft's overall efficiency.
- The incorporation of riveted joints in critical areas added an extra layer of strength and durability, enabling the me 323 to withstand the demands of its operational tasks.
- Furthermore, cutting-edge manufacturing processes enabled the production of precise and uniform components, ensuring consistency and reliability throughout the aircraft.
The me 323's structural strength was a testament to the ingenuity and expertise of its designers. By reinforcing its framework and utilizing advanced construction techniques, this mammoth aircraft achieved an unprecedented level of resilience, making it a formidable asset on the battlefield.
Whether facing turbulent skies or heavy payloads, the me 323 stood unwavering, displaying the importance of structural strength in aviation history.
Engine Power And Performance
The me 323, also known as the “gigant,” was an enormous german military transport aircraft used during world war ii. Known for its exceptional engine power and performance, the me 323 was a true powerhouse in the sky.
Powerhouse Engines That Propelled The Me 323
The me 323 was equipped with six incredibly powerful engines, which contributed to its impressive performance capabilities. Here are the key points to know about these remarkable engines:
- The me 323 was powered by six gnome-rhône 14n 48/49 radial engines, each with a staggering 1,200 horsepower.
- These engines provided the necessary thrust for the gigant to reach a maximum speed of approximately 220 km/h (137 mph).
- The massive engines allowed the me 323 to carry a tremendous payload of up to 130 fully equipped troops or 20 tons of cargo.
- Thanks to its formidable engine power, the me 323 possessed an outstanding range of around 1,000 km (620 miles) when fully loaded.
- The aircraft's engines were also responsible for its ability to take off and land on short, unpaved runways, making it a versatile transport option for the german forces.
The me 323 was propelled by six powerful gnome-rhône 14n 48/49 engines, which provided it with impressive speed, range, and payload capacity. These engines were vital to its outstanding performance as a military transport aircraft during world war ii.
The aerodynamic efficiency of the me 323 was a key factor in its exceptional performance as a transport aircraft during world war ii. ### streamlined design for improved efficiency the me 323 was designed with a focus on minimizing drag, thus maximizing its overall efficiency.
Here are some key points to understand how the me 323 achieved such remarkable aerodynamic efficiency:
- The aircraft's streamlined design greatly reduced drag, allowing it to fly more efficiently through the air.
- The large wingspan and smoothly contoured fuselage helped to minimize turbulence and drag, resulting in improved performance and fuel economy.
- The use of sleek, rounded surfaces and smooth skin panels further contributed to the aircraft's low drag characteristics.
- The aerodynamic optimization of the me 323 not only improved its efficiency in terms of fuel consumption but also enhanced its overall performance, including its speed and range.
The me 323's aerodynamic efficiency was a result of its streamlined design, which minimized drag and maximized its performance capabilities. By prioritizing aerodynamic optimization, this transport aircraft was able to overcome the challenges of transporting heavy loads, making it an invaluable asset during the war.
Unprecedented Carrying Capacity
The me 323, also known as the “gigant,” was a german military transport aircraft used during world war ii. One of the most notable features of this aircraft was its impressive payload capacity. It could carry heavy loads over long distances, making it an invaluable asset for the german military.
Let's dive deeper into the factors that contributed to its exceptional payload capabilities.
Factors Contributing To Its Impressive Payload Capabilities
- Robust construction: The me 323 was built with strength and durability in mind. Its massive frame, reinforced structure, and powerful engines allowed it to handle exceedingly heavy loads without compromising flight stability.
- Wing design: The aircraft's unique high-wing configuration helped distribute the weight more efficiently, resulting in improved lift and maneuverability. This design choice also made it easier to load and unload cargo, further enhancing the aircraft's efficiency.
- Engine power: The me 323 was equipped with a set of powerful engines that generated an immense amount of thrust. This allowed the aircraft to take off and maintain flight even when carrying heavy loads. The reliability and performance of these engines were crucial in ensuring the aircraft's payload capacity.
- Strategic use of materials: The construction materials used in the me 323 were carefully selected to balance strength and weight. By utilizing lightweight materials where possible and reinforcing critical areas, the aircraft achieved an optimal balance between structural integrity and payload capacity.
- Advanced loading mechanisms: The designers of the me 323 incorporated various loading mechanisms to streamline the cargo handling process. These mechanisms included winches, cranes, and foldable ramps that significantly reduced the time and effort required to load and unload the aircraft.
- Adaptability: The me 323 was able to transport a wide range of cargo, from vehicles and artillery pieces to troops and supplies. Its adaptability made it a versatile asset on the battlefield, capable of effectively transporting essential resources to support military operations.
- Continuous improvements: Throughout the war, the me 323 underwent continuous upgrades and modifications to enhance its payload capabilities. These improvements included engine upgrades, strengthening of critical components, and other advancements to maximize the aircraft's potential.
The me 323's unprecedented carrying capacity played a pivotal role in the success of various military operations. Its ability to transport heavy loads efficiently and reliably set it apart from other transport aircraft of its time. With its robust construction, strategic design choices, and continuous improvements, the me 323 proved to be a remarkable feat of engineering during world war ii.
Flexibility And Adaptability
The me 323 as a versatile transport aircraft:
- The me 323 was one of the most versatile transport aircraft of its time, known for its exceptional adaptability to various mission requirements.
- This aircraft played a crucial role in world war ii, serving as a workhorse for the german luftwaffe.
- ### how it adapted to different mission requirements:
- The me 323 could transport heavy loads, including tanks, artillery, and troops, making it an invaluable asset on the battlefield.
- Its large cargo hold had a capacity of up to 130 fully equipped soldiers or essential supplies.
- The aircraft could also be quickly modified for medical evacuation missions, providing a means of transporting wounded soldiers from the front lines to safety.
- Due to its adaptability, the me 323 was employed in various theaters of war, from transporting supplies in north africa to battlefront operations in eastern europe.
- The aircraft's ability to take off and land on makeshift airstrips enabled it to support troops in remote and hastily prepared locations.
The me 323 was an exceptional transport aircraft that demonstrated remarkable flexibility and adaptability throughout world war ii. Its ability to transport heavy loads and quickly adjust to different mission requirements made it an invaluable asset for the german luftwaffe.
Whether it was used for transporting troops, supplies, or serving as a medical evacuation vehicle, the aircraft proved its versatility in various theaters of war.
The me 323, an impressive aircraft used extensively during world war ii, possessed a range of tactical advantages that made it an invaluable asset in military operations. From its pivotal role in transporting heavy equipment to its groundbreaking resilience, the me 323 proved to be a formidable force on the battlefield.
In this section, we will delve into the role of the me 323 in military operations and unveil the tactical secrets behind its unparalleled success.
Role Of The Me 323 In Military Operations
- Versatile transportation capabilities:
- The me 323 was primarily designed to transport troops, vehicles, and equipment to various strategic locations. Its vast cargo capacity allowed it to move large quantities of supplies efficiently and effectively.
- The aircraft played a crucial role in logistical operations, facilitating the rapid deployment of troops and material to support critical military campaigns.
- Its ability to transport heavy artillery and tanks gave it a distinct advantage, enabling ground forces to arrive fully equipped for combat situations.
- Unwavering resilience:
- One of the most remarkable features of the me 323 was its ability to withstand substantial damage and continue to operate. Its sturdy construction and robust design made it a resilient workhorse in the face of enemy fire.
- The aircraft's reinforced structure and multiple engines provided added protection and reliability, allowing it to navigate through hostile territories and endure adverse weather conditions.
- This exceptional resilience not only ensured the safe delivery of vital supplies but also enhanced the overall survivability of troops during wartime.
- Swift and strategic maneuverability:
- Despite its massive size, the me 323 surprised many with its agility and maneuverability. Equipped with multiple engines, the aircraft could swiftly navigate a variety of terrains, including rugged landscapes and confined spaces.
- Its ability to take off and land on short runways or improvised airstrips allowed for more flexible operations, granting military forces access to remote and otherwise inaccessible regions.
- The me 323's strategic maneuverability enabled it to support crucial military campaigns, providing troops with the necessary resources and reinforcements in a timely manner.
The me 323 played an instrumental role in world war ii military operations. Its versatility, resilience, and maneuverability set it apart from other aircraft of its time, making it an invaluable asset on the battlefield. Through its remarkable transportation capabilities and groundbreaking design, the me 323 proved to be a game-changer in military logistics, ensuring the successful execution of critical missions.
Crew Safety And Protection
The me 323 was one of the largest transport aircraft used by germany during world war ii. It was primarily designed for carrying heavy loads, including vehicles and equipment, to support the german war effort. As with any aircraft, crew safety and protection were of utmost importance.
In this section, we will explore the safety features for the crew onboard and the protective measures taken in combat situations.
Safety Features For The Crew Onboard:
- The me 323 was equipped with a robust and durable airframe, designed to withstand the rigors of flight and provide a stable platform for the crew.
- The aircraft had multiple emergency exits to ensure a quick and efficient evacuation in case of an emergency.
- The crew cabin featured reinforced flooring to protect the crew from potential impacts during takeoff, landing, or turbulent conditions.
- The aircraft was equipped with a fire suppression system to quickly extinguish any onboard fires and minimize the risk to the crew.
- Adequate lighting and clear markings were provided throughout the aircraft to assist the crew in navigating the cabin, especially during low-light conditions.
Protective Measures For Combat Situations:
- The me 323 was fitted with defensive armament, including machine guns and cannons, to provide protection against enemy aircraft and ground attacks.
- The crew received extensive training on evasive maneuvers and tactics to reduce the chances of being successfully targeted by enemy forces.
- In combat situations, the crew utilized flak jackets and helmets to minimize injuries from shrapnel and enemy fire.
- The aircraft's construction included armor plates to provide additional protection for the crew from enemy gunfire and projectiles.
- The crew also had access to first aid kits and medical supplies to treat any injuries sustained during combat operations.
The me 323 transport aircraft incorporated various safety features to ensure the well-being of the crew onboard. During combat situations, protective measures such as defensive armament, armor plates, and personal protective equipment were implemented to safeguard the crew against potential threats.
By prioritizing crew safety and protection, the me 323 aimed to ensure the successful completion of its crucial transport missions during world war ii.
The me 323, also known as the gigant, was an impressive aircraft used by the german luftwaffe during world war ii. One of the most fascinating aspects of this aircraft was its battlefield survivability. Despite facing heavy enemy fire, the me 323 managed to withstand and overcome numerous challenges.
In this section, we will explore the secrets behind its resilience on the battlefield.
How The Me 323 Withstood Enemy Fire
The me 323's ability to withstand enemy fire can be attributed to several key factors:
- Exceptional design: The aircraft boasted a robust construction, featuring a sturdy fuselage and wings that could endure intense attacks. This design allowed it to withstand heavy artillery shells and small-arms fire.
- Armor protection: The me 323 was equipped with armor plating to shield critical areas such as the cockpit, engines, and fuel tanks. This added protection played a crucial role in ensuring its survivability during combat.
- Strategic maneuverability: The gigant's size and strength made it less vulnerable to certain types of attacks. Pilots could employ evasive tactics, such as flying at higher altitudes or swiftly changing course, making it challenging for enemy fighters to target accurately.
- Self-sealing fuel tanks: The me 323 featured self-sealing fuel tanks, which significantly reduced the risk of fire and explosions in the event of enemy hits. This feature contributed to the aircraft's ability to endure attacks and continue its crucial missions.
The combination of these factors made the me 323 a force to be reckoned with on the battlefield. Its resilience and ability to withstand heavy enemy fire ensured that vital supplies, equipment, and troops reached their intended destinations, greatly supporting german military operations during the war.
Maintenance And Repairability
The maintenance and repairability of the me 323 aircraft were crucial aspects of its operation during world war ii. This massive transport aircraft required efficient maintenance procedures to keep it in optimal condition for transporting troops and supplies. Let's explore how the me 323 was maintained and repaired in the field.
Efficient Maintenance Procedures
- Regular inspections: The me 323 underwent frequent inspections to identify any signs of wear and tear or potential issues. Thorough assessments of various components were conducted to ensure the aircraft's airworthiness.
- Scheduled maintenance: The me 323 followed a strict maintenance schedule, which involved routine tasks such as changing fluids, inspecting engine systems, and replacing worn-out parts. This proactive approach helped prevent major breakdowns and kept the aircraft in top shape.
- Repair workshops: Specialized repair workshops were set up near operational airfields to address any mechanical problems encountered during flights. These workshops were well-equipped with tools and spare parts necessary for repairs and were staffed by skilled mechanics and technicians.
- Field repairs: In situations where immediate repairs were needed and the aircraft couldn't be transported to a workshop, field repairs were carried out. These quick fixes ensured that the me 323 could continue its missions without delay.
- Replacement components: The me 323 benefited from a well-established supply network that provided replacement components as needed. This availability of spare parts ensured that repairs could be executed promptly, minimizing downtime.
- Collaborative efforts: Maintaining and repairing the me 323 was a collaborative effort involving ground crew, mechanics, and technicians. Effective communication and coordination were crucial to ensure smooth operations and timely maintenance interventions.
Efficient maintenance procedures played a vital role in keeping the me 323 aircraft operational during world war ii. Regular inspections, scheduled maintenance, repair workshops, field repairs, availability of replacement components, and collaborative efforts were all key elements in ensuring the aircraft's reliability.
These practices ensured that the me 323 could fulfill its role as a crucial transport aircraft on the battlefield.
The me 323, also known as the “gigant,” played a crucial role in strategic deployments during world war ii. This mammoth transport aircraft was a marvel of engineering, capable of carrying heavy loads over long distances. Its impressive capabilities and adaptability allowed for successful deployment in various theaters of operation.
Let's delve into the secrets behind its success.
The Role Of The Me 323 In Strategic Deployments:
- Versatile cargo capacity: The me 323 could transport tanks, artillery, vehicles, troops, and supplies, making it an invaluable asset in strategic operations. Its massive cargo hold provided ample space for military equipment, enabling swift mobilization.
- Long-range capabilities: This aircraft boasted an impressive range, allowing it to carry out operations across vast distances. Its ability to traverse both land and water further amplified its strategic importance, facilitating the movement of troops and supplies to frontlines.
- Efficiency in rugged terrains: The me 323's design incorporated features that enabled it to operate efficiently in challenging environments. Its durable landing gear and robust construction allowed for landings on rough airstrips or even directly on unprepared terrain, reinforcing its suitability for diverse theaters of operation.
- Enhanced defense mechanisms: Equipped with defensive armament, including machine guns, the me 323 was capable of warding off enemy attacks. This feature was vital in protecting both the aircraft and its precious cargo during perilous journeys.
- Adaption to changing scenarios: The me 323 showcased remarkable adaptability, proving indispensable in a range of different operations. From airdrops to resupply missions, this aircraft consistently demonstrated its ability to meet evolving strategic demands.
- Critical for logistical support: The gigant played an instrumental role in providing logistical support to troops on the ground. Its immense carrying capacity and extended endurance allowed for the transportation of essential supplies, sustaining troops during prolonged campaigns.
The me 323's strategic deployment capabilities were unmatched during its time. By harnessing its versatile cargo capacity, long-range capabilities, and efficiency in rugged terrains, this aircraft ensured the success of military operations across various theaters. Its adaptability and critical role in logistical support solidified its place as a key asset in world war ii.
Historic Operations And Impact
The me 323, also known as the gigant, was a german military transport aircraft used during world war ii. It was the largest land-based transport aircraft of its time, and its historic operations and impact are worth exploring.
Notable Missions Carried Out By The Me 323:
- Operation hercules: The me 323 played a crucial role in the german invasion of crete in 1941. It was used to transport troops, equipment, and supplies to the island. Despite heavy losses due to allied attacks, the gigant proved its worth in this daring mission.
- Supply missions on the eastern front: Throughout the war, the me 323 was employed for resupplying german forces on the eastern front. Its enormous cargo capacity enabled it to transport large quantities of ammunition, food, and medical supplies to the front lines, significantly supporting german operations.
- Evacuation of wounded soldiers: The me 323 was instrumental in evacuating wounded soldiers from the battlefield. Its spacious interiors allowed for the transportation of numerous injured troops, contributing to their timely medical treatment.
The Lasting Impact Of The Aircraft On Military Strategy:
- Revolutionizing aerial transport: The me 323 represented a leap forward in military transport capabilities. Its ability to carry up to 120 soldiers or up to 60 tons of equipment made it an invaluable asset for moving both troops and supplies quickly and efficiently.
- Influence on future aircraft design: The gigant's design and success influenced subsequent aircraft designs, leading to the development of even larger transport planes in the post-war era. Its impact can be seen in later aircraft like the c-130 hercules and the c-5 galaxy.
- Tactical implications: The introduction of the me 323 provided the german military with increased flexibility in conducting operations. The ability to swiftly transport troops and supplies across large distances had a profound impact on their military strategy.
The me 323 played a pivotal role in various historic operations during world war ii. Its use in important missions and its lasting impact on military strategy cannot be understated. The gigant's contributions to aerial transport and subsequent aircraft design make it a significant part of military aviation history.
Legacy And Influence
The me 323, also known as the “gigant,” was a massive german military transport aircraft used during world war ii. Its impressive size and capabilities left a lasting legacy in the field of aviation. Let's explore the me 323's influence on subsequent aircraft designs and the valuable lessons learned from its resilience in future aviation projects.
Influence Of The Me 323 On Subsequent Aircraft Designs
- Large-scale transport capabilities: The me 323's ability to transport heavy loads over long distances set a precedent for future aircraft designs. This inspired the development of other cargo planes that could handle substantial payloads, providing logistics support in various military and civilian operations.
- Enhanced wing design: The me 323 featured a unique six-engine configuration and a high-wing design. This configuration allowed for greater stability and improved the aircraft's transport capabilities. It served as a blueprint for later aircraft designs that sought to achieve similar performance in heavy cargo transportation.
- Adaptability for other purposes: While primarily a transport aircraft, the me 323 also demonstrated its versatility by being used for other purposes. It was employed as a glider tug, a bomber transport, and an aerial evacuation vehicle. This multifunctionality influenced subsequent aircraft designs that aimed to incorporate flexibility for diverse mission requirements.
Lessons Learned From Its Resilience In Future Aviation Projects
- Robust construction: The me 323's construction emphasized strength and durability, enabling it to withstand challenging operational conditions. Its design incorporated reinforced materials and structural reinforcements, contributing to its resilience. This lesson in robust construction influenced future aviation projects, leading to the development of stronger and more reliable aircraft.
- Importance of redundancy: The me 323's six-engine configuration served as a valuable lesson in redundancy. By utilizing multiple engines, the aircraft could continue flying even if one or more engines failed. This concept of redundancy became a significant factor in subsequent aircraft designs, ensuring increased safety and reliability.
- Efficient load distribution: The me 323's ability to distribute heavy loads efficiently played a crucial role in its resilience. It featured a spacious cargo hold with adaptable loading configurations, allowing for optimized weight distribution. This concept of efficient load distribution influenced future aircraft designs, especially in cargo transport, leading to improved safety and performance.
The me 323 left a strong legacy and had a significant influence on subsequent aircraft designs. Its large-scale transport capabilities, unique wing design, and adaptability served as inspiration for future developments. Additionally, its resilience taught valuable lessons regarding robust construction, redundancy, and efficient load distribution, shaping the aviation industry's approach to future projects.
Untold Stories And Anecdotes
The me 323 was an iconic aircraft known for its remarkable resilience and unwavering determination in the face of adversity. Little-known stories and anecdotes have emerged over the years, shedding light on the incredible operations and crew members who pushed the limits of this legendary aircraft.
In this section, we will delve into some fascinating tales that highlight the true spirit and bravery behind the me 323.
Fascinating Anecdotes About The Me 323 And Its Resilience:
- The me 323, also known as the “gigant,” earned its reputation for being an incredibly resilient aircraft. In one instance, a damaged me 323 managed to fly back to safety despite suffering multiple engine failures during a perilous mission. This triumph of engineering showcased the exceptional durability of the aircraft in the face of adversity.
- During world war ii, an me 323 was significantly damaged by enemy fire while transporting vital supplies to support troops on the eastern front. Despite the extensive damage and losing an engine mid-flight, the resourceful crew managed to make an emergency landing in a field. This act of skill and determination not only saved the crew but also allowed the salvage of essential supplies, ultimately swaying the outcome of the battle.
- On a particularly treacherous mission, an me 323 faced intense anti-aircraft fire, leaving the aircraft badly crippled. Despite the dire circumstances, the crew improvised ingenious methods to keep the aircraft airborne, including using makeshift materials to patch up the bullet-riddled wings. Against all odds, they managed to safely land the aircraft, inspiring awe and admiration in their fellow comrades.
Little-Known Stories Of Its Operations And Crew Members:
- One remarkable story recounts the extraordinary efforts of an me 323 crew during a daring rescue mission behind enemy lines. They courageously navigated through heavily fortified territory, defying enemy fire and risking their lives to retrieve downed pilots and wounded soldiers. Their unwavering commitment to their fellow comrades was a testament to the unbreakable bond that formed within the aircraft.
- In the midst of conflict, instances of camaraderie flourished among the crew members of the me 323. Stories abound of crew members going above and beyond their call of duty, offering comfort and support to each other during the most challenging times. These acts of compassion and solidarity created a sense of family within the aircraft, fostering an unbreakable spirit that propelled the me 323 to conquer insurmountable obstacles.
- The me 323 provided a lifeline for besieged troops, delivering much-needed supplies and reinforcements to isolated areas. The unassuming crew members played a vital role in these operations, with their tireless efforts ensuring the survival and success of troops on the ground. Their selflessness and dedication to the mission exemplified the unsung heroes behind the mighty me 323.
The untold stories and anecdotes that surround the me 323 are a testament to the bravery, resilience, and unwavering spirit of the crew members who operated this extraordinary aircraft. While history may not always remember their names, their contributions will forever be etched in the annals of aviation history.
Enduring Mystery And Controversies
Unsolved Mysteries Surrounding The Me 323'S Resilience
The me 323, also known as the “gigant,” was a massive german military transport aircraft used during world war ii. Despite its impressive capabilities, the aircraft's endurance and resilience have remained an enduring mystery to aviation enthusiasts and historians alike.
Here are some of the unsolved mysteries surrounding the me 323:
- Exceptional strength: One of the most puzzling aspects of the me 323 is its ability to withstand significant damage and still complete its missions. The aircraft could reportedly withstand direct hits from anti-aircraft fire and continue flying, a trait that left many experts scratching their heads.
- Structural secrets: The aircraft's resilience can partly be attributed to its unique construction. The me 323 featured a tubular steel frame covered with fabric and plywood, which allowed it to absorb and distribute impact forces efficiently. However, the exact details of its structural design and the materials used remain a subject of debate and speculation.
- Aerodynamic efficiency: Despite its massive size and weight, the me 323 demonstrated surprisingly good flight performance. It could reach a top speed of 135 mph (217 km/h) and had an impressive range, making it a crucial asset for the german military. The aerodynamic secrets behind its efficiency are yet to be fully understood.
Controversial Aspects Of Its Design And Performance
While the me 323's resilience may have perplexed many, its design and performance characteristics also sparked controversy among aviation experts. Here are a few contentious aspects:
- Handling and maneuverability: The gigant's enormous size and weight made it a challenging aircraft to handle. Some argue that its handling characteristics were less than ideal and contributed to difficulties in takeoff and landing. However, others believe that considering its role as a heavy transport plane, its performance was remarkable.
- Payload capacity: The me 323 was designed to carry heavy loads, including vehicles, equipment, and troops. However, there are debates surrounding its actual payload capacity. Some sources claim it could carry up to 12 tons, while others suggest it was closer to 10 tons. The lack of definitive information has fueled the controversy.
- Engine reliability: The me 323 relied on six engines to power its massive frame. However, there were concerns about the overall reliability of these engines, as they were prone to mechanical issues and failures. This led to doubts about the aircraft's dependability in crucial missions.
The me 323, with its resilience that defied conventional understanding, continues to be shrouded in mystery. The design and performance controversies surrounding this world war ii aircraft only add to the intrigue and fascination for aviation enthusiasts and historians alike.
Historical Context And Significance
The me 323, also known as the ‘gigant', was a massive german transport aircraft used during world war ii. Its historical context and significance in the war cannot be understated. Here, we explore the me 323 in the context of world war ii and the significance of its resilience in wartime operations.
The Me 323 In The Context Of World War Ii
- Developed by the german company messerschmitt, the me 323 played a crucial role in the german war effort during world war ii.
- This aircraft was primarily designed for the purpose of transporting troops, equipment, and supplies.
- With a wingspan of nearly 55 meters, the me 323 was one of the largest operational transport aircraft of its time.
- It boasted an impressive payload capacity, enabling it to carry up to 130 fully equipped soldiers or a variety of vehicles and heavy weapons.
- The me 323 was utilized in major military operations, including the invasions of crete and sicily as well as the eastern front.
- Its ability to transport large quantities of personnel and equipment allowed for swift and efficient deployment of german forces.
Significance Of The Aircraft'S Resilience In Wartime Operations
- The me 323 exhibited remarkable resilience in the face of enemy fire and challenging conditions.
- Despite its enormous size, the aircraft was surprisingly maneuverable, allowing it to navigate through difficult terrains and hostile environments.
- Its robust construction and strong defensive measures, such as defensive gun positions, provided protection for both crew and cargo during transport missions.
- The me 323's resilience played a crucial role in the success of german military operations, as it ensured the safe delivery of essential supplies and reinforcements to the frontlines.
- It also allowed for the rapid evacuation of wounded soldiers from the battlefield, contributing to the overall effectiveness of german combat strategies.
The historical significance of the me 323 cannot be overstated. As one of the largest transport aircraft of its time, it played a vital role in the logistics and mobility of german forces during world war ii. Its resilience in withstanding enemy fire and adverse conditions made it an invaluable asset in wartime operations.
The me 323 will forever remain a testament to the engineering prowess and strategic importance of germany's military efforts during this tumultuous period in history.
Preservation And Restoration Efforts
The preservation and restoration efforts surrounding the iconic me 323 aircraft have been nothing short of remarkable. This colossal aircraft, with its massive wingspan and impressive payload capacity, played a significant role during world war ii. Today, dedicated individuals and organizations are working tirelessly to ensure that the memory of the me 323 lives on and that these historic planes are preserved for future generations.
Let's delve into the challenges and successes faced in the pursuit of preserving and restoring these remarkable aircraft.
Challenges And Successes In Preserving And Restoring Me 323 Aircraft:
Preserving and restoring the me 323 aircraft comes with its fair share of challenges, but it is also marked by inspiring successes. Here are some key points:
- Scarcity of aircraft: The scarcity of me 323 aircraft poses a significant challenge. Only a few of these planes have survived the test of time, making it difficult to find intact, original parts for restoration purposes. However, despite this challenge, there have been successful preservation efforts that have led to the restoration of several me 323 aircraft to their former glory.
- Restoration expertise: Restoring a complex aircraft like the me 323 requires a considerable amount of expertise and knowledge. The intricate nature of the aircraft's design demands skilled craftsmen and engineers who specialize in restoring vintage planes. The success of restoration efforts largely depends on the availability of these experts and their ability to revive the me 323 to its original condition.
- Availability of funding: Funding plays a crucial role in preserving and restoring me 323 aircraft. The cost of sourcing rare parts, conducting meticulous repairs, and ensuring the aircraft's long-term preservation can be substantial. However, despite this financial hurdle, there have been successful fundraising initiatives and partnerships that have enabled the continuation of restoration projects, ensuring the survival of these historic planes.
- Historical significance: The me 323 holds immense historical significance, as it played a vital role in transporting troops and supplies during world war ii. Its preservation is not only a tribute to the brave men and women who served but also serves as a testament to human ingenuity and engineering prowess. Successfully preserving and restoring the me 323 allows future generations to connect with this pivotal period in history.
- Educational value: Preservation efforts also focus on the educational value of the me 323 aircraft. These planes serve as tangible artifacts that can be studied and used to educate others about the historical context in which they operated. By preserving and restoring these aircraft, valuable lessons can be learned, and the impact of their role in warfare can be better understood.
The preservation and restoration of me 323 aircraft are faced with unique challenges, but the successes achieved thus far are testament to the dedication and passion of those involved. Overcoming difficulties in sourcing parts, relying on expert knowledge, securing funding, honoring historical significance, and embracing the educational value are crucial to ensuring the legacy of the me 323 lives on for generations to come.
Through these efforts, the memory of these colossal warplanes will continue to inspire and captivate aviation enthusiasts and history enthusiasts alike.
Frequently Asked Questions For Me 323 Blog
Q: What Was The Purpose Of The Me 323 Aircraft During World War Ii?
The me 323 aircraft served as a heavy cargo transport for the german military during world war ii, carrying troops and supplies.
Q: How Many Engines Did The Me 323 Have?
The me 323 had six engines, providing it with the necessary power to carry its heavy loads.
Q: What Was The Carrying Capacity Of The Me 323?
The me 323 had a maximum carrying capacity of up to 20 tons of cargo or approximately 130 fully equipped troops.
Q: How Effective Was The Me 323 In Transporting Troops And Supplies?
The me 323 was a highly effective transport aircraft, capable of moving large quantities of troops, equipment, and supplies across long distances.
Q: Were There Any Notable Events Involving The Me 323 During The War?
One notable event involving the me 323 was its participation in the battle of stalingrad, where it was used to transport supplies to the besieged german forces.
Q: What Ultimately Led To The Discontinuation Of The Me 323 Production?
The production of the me 323 was discontinued due to factors such as the allied bombing campaign and the overall deteriorating situation for the german military towards the end of the war.
The me 323 blog has explored the fascinating history and features of the iconic me 323 gigant aircraft. From its role in world war ii to its sheer size and impressive payload capacity, the me 323 remains a symbol of engineering innovation.
By understanding its technical specifications and its significant contributions to the war effort, we gain a deeper appreciation for the impact of this extraordinary aircraft. Whether it was moving tanks, troops, or supplies, the me 323 proved itself to be a reliable and vital transport aircraft for the german luftwaffe.
Its immense size and capabilities set it apart from many other aircraft of its time, making it truly one of a kind. As we reflect on the legacy of the me 323 gigant, we are reminded of the advancements made in aviation history and the incredible achievements by those who designed, built, and flew this remarkable aircraft.


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genealogists are very good at doing research and collecting many
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drawn back in time.


Winchester is a cathedral city and the county town of Hampshire. It sits on the River Itchen, to the west of the South Downs National Park. It started as an Iron Age oppidum, which was then developed further by the Romans.
Today, Winchester is one of the most expensive and affluent areas of the United Kingdom and has a population of around 50,000. Despite being small by city standards, Winchester attracts an estimated 5.6 million visitors every year. The city has also produced several well-known people including actor Colin Firth, and singer Frank Turner.
The history of the city is still apparent all around, with the cathedral dominating its modest skyline. Points of historical interest include the remains of Wolvesey Castle and Palace – complete with the legendary King Arthur’s Round Table in the Great Hall, the City Cross – a 15th century scheduled ancient monument, and the Gothic revival style Guildhall.
Winchester was originally a walled city, and parts of the wall still stand today, along with two surviving medieval gates into the heart of the city (Kingsgate and Westgate). Winchester College is the oldest public school in Britain still using its original buildings, established in the 14th century, and is considered one of the world’s most prestigious schools. The university, in contrast, was only established in 2005. Winchester’s history can also be explored through several museums, including the City and Westgate Museums.
Every year Winchester holds a number of events and festivals including the Hat Fair, Street Theatre and Farmers Market. Sport is also a popular pastime in the city with teams representing football, rugby, bowls, and golf.
Due to the historical listed buildings and narrow, ancient streets of the city, Winchester can be really difficult to park in. The city centre is quite restricted, with few paid parking opportunities, let alone free. On this page we’ve gotten together all of the information we could on free parking close to Winchester city centre for your convenience. See the map below for a quick look, or read on for more options and information.
Free Parking in Winchester
Table of Contents
One of the best options for free parking in any city is to make like a local and park on residential streets that have no restrictions. This can be a challenge if you don’t know the area very well, which is why we’ve made a list of such streets in Winchester. Included with the street names are the postcodes, for ease of GPS navigation, and the walking distance to the geographic centre of the city.
Parking to the north of the city centre will put you conveniently near the Winnall Moors Wildlife Reserve. Depending on where you park you will also pass the Winchester railway station and get to the Brooks Shopping Centre more quickly.
• St Johns Road SO23 0HQ – 0.5 miles
• Moss Road SO23 0PG – 0.7 miles
• Garbett Road SO23 0NY – 0.7 miles
• Imber Road SO23 0NQ – 0.8 miles
• Firmstone Road SO23 0PA – 0.8 miles
• Birinus Road SO23 7EG – 0.8 miles
• Winnall Manor Road SO23 0NN – 0.9 miles
• Shepherds Road SO23 0NR – 0.9 miles
• Warren Road SO23 0NL – 1 mile
• North Hill Close SO22 6PE – 1.2 miles
• Westley Close SO22 5LA – 1.4 miles
• Charles Close SO23 7HT – 1.5 miles
• Old Gardens SO22 6AD – 1.5 miles
• Courtenay Road SO23 7ER – 1.6 miles
• Bere Close SO22 5HY – 1.6 miles
• Stockers Avenue SO22 5LB – 1.6 miles
• Wessex Drive SO22 6DQ – 1.8 miles
• Kynegils Road SO22 6DF – 1.9 miles
• Bradley Road SO22 6LS – 2.1 miles
Parking further out in a westerly direction will put you right near the Royal Hampshire County Hospital and the University of Winchester. You will come into the city centre via the Great Hall and Winchester Cathedral.
• Ivy Close SO22 4QR – 1.4 miles
• Stanmore Lane SO22 4AJ – 1.4 miles
• Mildmay Street SO22 4BX – 1.5 miles
• Battery Hill SO22 4BY – 1.6 miles
• Wayneflete Place SO22 4DA – 1.7 miles
• Wavell Way SO22 4EQ – 1.7 miles
• Thurmond Crescent SO22 4DH – 1.8 miles
• Thurmond Road SO22 4DE – 1.8 miles
• Kilham Lane SO22 5PT – 2.1 miles
• Woodfield Drive SO22 5PY – 2.1 miles
There is also one street in an easterly direction that has free parking:
Fairdown Close SO23 0JU – 0.7 miles
Parking here would give you a route via the St Giles Hill view point, before coming over the bridge next to the Winchester City Mill (an 18th century corn mill that still works) and into the Abbey Gardens before getting to the city centre.
When parking on residential streets, remember the standard rules for on-street parking. Most importantly, never block driveways or entrances, and don’t park on double-yellow lines. Check the area for signs regarding parking before leaving your vehicle to make doubly sure that you’re allowed to park there. Out of respect to the people living there, keep noise to a minimum – particularly in the evenings. Always remember that parking in a residential street is done so at your own risk.
Though parking on a residential street is free, it can come at a different cost – namely, time and effort. Time is taken to find a space, and there’s no guarantee that one will be available. Once parked, there is a walk into the centre which can be difficult for groups including small children, the elderly, or people with disabilities.
Free Short-Term Parking in Winchester
If you’re only looking to make a quick trip into the centre of Winchester, the on-street parking bays found in the central area can be ideal. These are all within walking distance of the city centre and its main attractions, but are only available for up to two hours at a time. Bear in mind that you cannot return to the space within 4 hours after using it, and always make sure to check nearby signage for more information on restrictions.
• Vale Road SO23 0PT
• College Walk SO23 9NG
• St Catherines Road SO23 0PS
• Garnier Road SO23 9PA
• College Street SO23 9NA
• Romans Road SO23 9QR
• Hyde Gate SO23 7EJ
• Saxon Road SO23 7DJ
• St Cross Road SO23 9RE
• Mead Road SO23 9RF
• Ranelagh Road SO23 9TA
• Edgar Road SO23 9SJ
• Christchurch Road SO23 9SR
• Compton Road SO23 9SL
• Beaufort Road SO23 9ST
• Hatherley Road SO22 6RT
• St Pauls Hill SO22 5AB
• Stockbridge Road SO22 6RN
• Cheriton Road SO22 5AZ
• Bereweeke Avenue SO22 6EY
• Greenhill Road SO22 5DU
Free Overnight & Sunday Parking in Winchester
If you’re planning to stay in Winchester overnight, there are several streets in a central location that become unrestricted after 6pm. These same streets are also free all day on Sundays, making Sunday an ideal day to visit the city. During 8am-6pm on Monday to Saturday, though, pay and display fees apply. The central streets with free overnight and Sunday parking, including postcodes and walking distances to the central point of Winchester, are listed below:
• Colebrook Street SO23 9LH – 128 ft
• The Broadway SO23 9BE – 0.1 miles
• Market Lane SO23 9AL – 0.2 miles
• Water Lane SO23 0EJ – 0.2 miles
• The Square SO23 9EX – 0.3 miles
• Parchment Street SO23 8AT – 0.4 miles
• St Peter Street SO23 8BS – 0.4 miles
• North Walls SO23 8DB – 0.5 miles
• Upper High Street SO23 8UT – 0.6 miles
• Tower Street SO23 8TA – 0.7 miles
• Victoria Road SO23 7DU – 0.8 miles
• Andover Road SO22 6AU – 1.4 miles
Cheapest Paid Parking Options in Winchester
Of course, there are paid parking options in Winchester – even ones that don’t break the bank, if you know where to look. If you would prefer the convenience and security of an official car park, we’ve made a list of the cheapest ones in Winchester, in order of distance from the city centre:
• Jewry Street SO23 8RY – £2.90 for 2 hours
• Upper Brook Street SO23 8DF – £2.90 for 2 hours
• The Brooks SO23 8QY – £2.90 for 2 hours
• Friarsgate Multi Storey SO23 8AD – £2.90 for 2 hours
• St Peter’s, Gordon Road SO23 7DD – £2.90 for 2 hours
• River Park Leisure Centre SO23 7DE – £1.00 for 2 hours
• Durngate SO23 8DX – £1.50 for 2 hours
• Cattle Market SO23 7AB – £1.50 for 2 hours
• Chesil, Barfield Close SO23 0HU – £1.50 for 2 hours
Armed with the information on this page, we hope that you will be able to park for free (or much less money) when you visit Winchester, leaving more time and money for you to enjoy this beautiful, ancient city.


taken by liviewantsyou
photo by my sister
Disobeyed a bus driver’s orders to give up her seat for a white man. Was sequentially arrested and fined for violating a city ordinance, Leading to the Montgomery Bus Boycott and became a symbol of the Civil Rights Movement. A long time Civil Rights activist, she also fought for justice for black victims of rape perpetrated by white men, which were almost always ignored by the police and justice system. After her death at 92, her casket was placed in the rotunda of the United States Capitol for two days, so the nation could pay its respects, an honor usually reserved for Presidents of the United States. (Rosa Parks)
Bacon Cheese Turtleburgers
Ground beef pattie topped with sharp cheddar cheese, wrapped in a bacon weave shell with hot dog head, legs and tail.
(submitted by Mark Davis)


US Navy Veterans Exposure to Asbestos
Literally tons of asbestos insulating materials were used on all classes of US Navy vessels–ranging from asbestos pads, felt and cloth to asbestos pipe covering and cement to asbestos gaskets and packing. Until the 1980s, a Navy ship's machinery and piping would be covered with asbestos insulation from stem to stern. The construction, maintenance, and repair of these ships exposed shipyard workers and Navy seamen to asbestos and increased their risk of mesothelioma.
US Navy Veterans who worked in shipyards and at sea remain at risk for contracting mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases because of these exposures to asbestos.
Construction: Tons of Asbestos Used In Construction of Navy Ships
During World War II, the United States Navy embarked on a ship-building program which produced thousands of ships that incorporated literally tons of asbestos insulation products. These ships served for the next four decades, exposing thousand of shipyard workers and navy seamen to asbestos. Asbestos-containing materials insulated the hot pipes and machinery found throughout these ships. Shipyard workers were exposed to the asbestos dust generated when these ships were constructed and repaired in shipyards throughout the country. Navy seamen were exposed to the asbestos materials as they operated these ships at sea.
Marine engineers estimate that up to 88% by weight of the insulating material on World War II ships contained asbestos. The quantity of asbestos on US Navy ships depended on when the ships were built and their overall size with battleships being at one extreme. The Iowa class battleships contained almost 465 tons of insulation. Other classes of WW II ships also contained tons of asbestos insulation. The Navy constructed over 175 Fletcher class destroyers, each one with almost 30 tons of asbestos thermal insulation on her pipes and machinery. The next generation of destroyers, the Gearing class, took advantage of some of the lighter weight insulating materials but still had over 24 tons of asbestos insulating materials on its 58 ships.
Overhaul and Repair: Asbestos Exposure During Regular Overhaul and Repair Work
Prior to World War II and up through the mid 1970s, asbestos insulating products were routinely disturbed during regular maintenance and repair of Navy ships. This caused asbestos dust to become airborne in significant quantities. Workers in all shipyards throughout the country used the same work practices and suffered the same type of asbestos exposure.
The majority of a Navy ship's life was spent in an operational status, as a member of and under the direction and control of various fleet, battle group and other operational entities under the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO). However, in accordance with a long-range maintenance planning schedule, each ship was assigned discrete periods of maintenance, repair and overhaul, designated as CNO availabilities. Generally, ships underwent a major overhaul approximately every three to five years and also received several equally spaced selective restrictive availabilities (SRAs) within the overhaul cycle.
Prior to the mid-1980s virtually all shipyard industrial periods were accomplished by the various naval shipyards. At that time, there were approximately twelve shipyards capable of this type of work. When a ship was undergoing an industrial period, the industrial work was under the technical and organizational authority of the Bureau of Ships, known as BUSHIPS, and later as the Naval Sea Systems Command or NAVSEA. Each of the naval shipyards served under NAVSEA, which developed and promulgated overall policies and procedures for the construction, repair and maintenance of the ships themselves and for the organization and operation of the shipyards.
Shipyard Shop Workers: Worked With and Around Asbestos
Given these shared experiences of shipyard work practices, all shipyard workers and shop workers engaged in similar work practices, including the handling of asbestos products. The insulation workers at every shipyard worked alongside other tradesmen constantly. The deadly asbestos dust was around all of the workers and inhaled by them all. Sadly, what remains for all these workers is the risk of developing mesothelioma as a result of their exposure to deadly asbestos dust.


- "Fear will keep the local systems in line. Fear of this battle station."
- ―Governor Tarkin speaks about the Death Star[src]
Tarkin is one of the supporting antagonists in the Star Wars Saga. He was first introduced in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope as the Governor of the Outer Rim Territories and the commander of the first Death Star, the Galactic Empire's dreaded space station. He later appeared briefly in Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith and made a few appearances in Star Wars: The Clone Wars. He will next appear in Star Wars: Tarkin, an official canon novel by James Luceno.
Chronologically, Tarkin was introduced as a Captain in the Galactic Republic who, along with his crew, was captured by the Separatists. He and his crew were rescued by a team of Jedi and clones led by Anakin Skywalker, Obi-Wan Kenobi, and Ahsoka Tano. Tarkin expressed disagreement with the idea of Jedi leading the Grand Army of the Republic, but agreed with Anakin's more militaristic views. He was later promoted to Admiral and served as lead prosecutor during the unsuccessful attempt to convict Ahsoka of bombing the Jedi Temple. During the first days of the Empire, Tarkin stood alongside Emperor Palpatine and Darth Vader to oversee construction of the first Death Star.
In the years that followed, Tarkin became the Governor of the Outer Rim Territories and served as the commander of the first Death Star. He believed that fear of the Death Star would keep the Imperial systems in line, and could be used to crush the Rebel Alliance. Tarkin later oversaw the Battle of Yavin when the Rebels attacked the Death Star, and perished when the station was destroyed by Luke Skywalker.
Official canon appearancesEdit
- Star Wars: The Clone Wars
- Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith
- Star Wars: Tarkin
- Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (First canon appearance)


History at Great Bridge Primary School
At Great Bridge Primary School, our goal is to cultivate a lasting interest in history, enabling our pupils to develop a strong foundation of knowledge and understanding of the past. We want our children to grasp how history has influenced relationships, cultures, religions, and diverse societies in the present, while aligning with our school values of "all valued, all achieving, all equal." Our aim is to equip our pupils with the essential skills to analyse historical sources critically, recognise multiple perspectives, and make informed judgements. We believe that a high-quality history education helps pupils shape their identity and provides the cultural capital necessary to thrive in an increasingly interconnected world.
Our History curriculum has been carefully designed to align with the National Curriculum, ensuring comprehensive coverage and progression across all key stages. This year, we have implemented the Rising Stars History Curriculum to enhance our humanities offering. This curriculum promotes continuity and progression, enabling pupils to develop a strong understanding of key historical periods and concepts.
Our thoughtfully designed curriculum provides a wide-ranging and well-rounded coverage of historical knowledge and skills throughout the primary years. Through our curriculum, we strive to achieve the following:
- Constructing the Past: Encourage pupils to create a cohesive narrative of the past. By examining primary and secondary sources, they develop the ability to piece together historical events and periods.
- Understanding Chronology: Help pupils grasp the sequence of events and understand how they contribute to the overall historical narrative through the chronological study of historical periods.
- Change and Development: Explore the dynamic nature of history, emphasising how societies have evolved over time.
- Cause and Effect: Investigate historical events and their consequences, developing an understanding of the cause-and-effect relationships that shape societies.
- Significance and Interpretation: Promote the skills needed to interpret multiple perspectives while exploring the significance of historical events.
- Planning and Conducting Historical Enquiries: Develop pupils' ability to plan, conduct, and evaluate historical enquiries.
- Using Sources as Evidence: Support pupils' evaluation and utilisation of primary and secondary sources as evidence to support historical arguments.
We have structured our curriculum to provide a balanced exploration of local, national, and global history. This approach allows pupils to understand the development of Britain and explore cultures and civilisations from around the world. Our lessons are carefully sequenced, building upon prior knowledge and skills. We revisit and reinforce key concepts throughout the curriculum, enabling children to make connections across different historical periods. This approach deepens their understanding and helps them establish personal connections with the past.


Allard’s Lounge first opened its doors in the Summer of 2011. Stealing its name from the early use of the very building we are housed in.
The Allard's Journey
Allard’s Lounge first opened its doors in the Summer of 2011. Stealing its name from the early use of the very building we are housed in, our ethos was to be a small and cosy café, serving fresh tapas and a wide variety of Wines. It soon became clear that we would grow to be so much more…… Our property was known as “Allards Grocery & Provision Merchants” in the late 1800’s. It was locally famous for selling a unique ‘Golden Tip Tea’, it would have been blasphemy to not doff our hats to the buildings proud history.
With a prime position on the bustling Tynemouth Front Street, a stones throw from our Award Winning Beaches & Famous Tynemouth Priory, we have grown our little café into something quite special.
Come and join us and see for yourselves, we’re sure you wont be disappointed.
Check out some of the photo’s we’ve taken over the years of our Tynemouth and on the Quay venues…


We loved our visit to Al-Balad, Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. We fondly remember our time meandering through the old streets and admiring the beautiful architecture.
Al-Balad, founded in the 7th century, is the historical center of Jeddah. Some buildings that remain in the town are made from corals from the nearby Red Sea, reinforced with limestone, and intricately decorated with teal, mahogany, and shisham brought from India and Africa as ships passed the port. Some of the old buildings in Al-Balad are more than 500 years old and have been preserved as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
When we visited, the streets were relatively barren which made for open spaces to walk and capture photos. But in the evening, the streets began to fill as the market doors opened.
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