Pigments used from antiquity
Before written language, color – in the hands of the artist – has had a voice for creative expression and storytelling. Ancient cave dwellers handcrafted their painting medium using rendered animal fat to bind colored earth pigments, clays, chalk, and charred wood and bones. Their cave paintings have survived intact for several millennia attesting to the permanence of their pigment choices. The Lascaux caves in France are excellent examples of this. Today genuine-earth pigments (and today's synthetic iron oxide colors) are used in oil, acrylic, encaustic, tempera, watercolor, and fresco colors. Earth pigments come in a variety of colors including white, tan, yellow, red, green, brown, gray, and black. Roasting (calcining) earth pigments create deeper or redder shades.
Mineral pigments made from iron and oxidized copper (bound in beeswax) were used as early as 100 AD by the Egyptians as with the Fayum mummy portrait. Early encaustic works include Roman and Greek Christian icons. The 20th century saw (after a long lapse) a comeback to encaustics.
Rare and costly crushed precious gemstones like lapis lazuli and gold leaf first found their way into art in the 9th century illuminated manuscripts of "The Book of Kells" and are still in use today. However, others like turquoises made from arsenic proved too deadly to pass on.
The most noteworthy pigment (documented as far back as the 5th century BC as being made from lead and vinegar) is lead white. The Dutch became the perfecter of lead white by their unique 16th-century process of using vapors of vinegar along with carbon dioxide and heat (produced from fermenting compost and dung) to convert coils of lead sheeting into a flaky white pigment they called flake white. Flake white creates the most flexible paint film of any pigment bound in oil. Drying oil is, in fact, the only suitable binder since basic lead carbonate can turn black if exposed to hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere. The oil binder also eliminates toxic dust from entering into the atmosphere, and the very reason the ceramic industry no longer uses lead in glazes. [A final picture varnish also serves to isolate and protect against any discoloration.]
Oil as a vehicle
In the 8th century, the Japanese invented a lead paint bound in perilla oil. Olive oil had also been tried as a vehicle but dismissed due to its extremely long drying time [cataloged by Theophilus in his 12th century Schoedula Diversarum Artium]. Egg yolk became a viable vehicle for pigments producing egg tempera paints, but with one major drawback - these paints dried so quickly it was impossible to blend brush strokes. There had to be a better way!
Giorgio Vasari, in his 16th-century Lives of the Artists, credits the Flemish master Jan van Eyck with the invention of oil painting around 1410. Van Eyke's pioneering and proprietary use of (washed) cold-pressed linseed oil to make oil paint and turpentine as a solvent, made fine detail, spatial depth, and saturation of the color, for the first time possible. Van Eyke's preserved masterpiece "The Arnolfini Portrait" wonderfully displays these characterists. However, by the turn of the 15th-century, Cennino d'Andrea Cennini's Il Libro dell' Arte (The Craftsman's Handbook) gives no mention to linseed oil being used as a vehicle to bind pigments. However, Van Eyke's invention would become known and mastered by Italian Renaissance painters such as Michelangelo, Leonardo Di Vinci, and Titian. The durability of cold-pressed linseed has helped preserve their masterpieces for our enjoyment today! Walnut and poppyseed oil during this time (if used) were reserved for whites and blues preferring the siccative (drying) qualities of cold-pressed linseed oil for the majority of colors. Sometimes these hand-ground colors were stored in a pig's bladder to prevent leftover paint from drying.
The Industrial Revolution
During the Industrial Revolution, the chemical and petroleum industries began springing up everywhere creating an array of vibrant inorganic pigments. These included cerulean blue, chrome yellows, and cadmium reds first used by the impressionist painters. New color manufacturers started producing readymade oil colors first in glass syringes and then in newly invented metal tubes (1841) – and with this invention, oil painting was revolutionized! Artists could now spend more time painting 'plein air' without the time-consuming job of grinding and mulling paint back in the studio. All this was instrumental in giving birth to the impressionist movement. However, one downside was that the artist was now once removed from an intimate knowledge of the materials they were using, a craft that was essential to the old masters and the masterpieces they produced. Poignantly paintings from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have shown themselves to be some of the most durable of any period.
However, scores of works from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries have not fared so well: Rumors of "the lost secrets of the old masters" – alleged to have found old recipes for resinous mediums that became lost – unfortunately, were widely believed and as a result vast amount of works did not stand the test of time! During these centuries many relied heavily upon megilp/mastic as a painting medium while others advocated the disastrous practice of substituting varnish for linseed oil to binding pigments! These practices led to scores of darkened, water sensitive, and cracked works such as Sir Joshua Reynold's "portrait of Lord Heathfield." *
The twentieth century
The twentieth century saw further scientific advancements in the petrochemical industries with a colorful array of non-toxic, highly lightfast, modern organic pigments [synthesized from (toxic) aromatic hydrocarbons]. New colors pigments include yellow and orange Monoazo and Benzimidazolones, pyrrole scarlet and reds, rose and violet quinacridones, and the intense tinting blue and green copper phthalocyanines. These are more lightfast than dye-based lake pigments developed over the previous two centuries and especially so to those used since the Renaissance (such as indigo, carmine, and rose madder). The most impermanent (and obsolete) colors are plant-based colors made from wild berries, vegetable roots, and insects (beetles).
No survey would be complete without mention of the 20th-century invention of titanium dioxide pigment that has the highest reflectance of any know substance – even higher than diamond – making it the most opaque pigment on the artist palette.
We hope you enjoyed this brief survey of historical and modern pigments. Artistic Lineage has included many of the best of these in our line of oil colors.
* [See EASTLAKE REVISITED: SOME MILESTONES ON THE ROAD TO RUIN by Westby Percival-Prescott]


From the May/June 2003 issue of Ocean Navigator
©2003 A.L. Smith
In 1768, Royal Navy officer James Cook searched the coast of England for a special ship. He concentrated on a type known as a Whitby collier, a coal-carrying vessel that originated in the port of the same name. Cookâ€™s previous experience told him their seaworthiness, cargo-carrying capacity and shallow draft would be ideal for the important mission that had been assigned to him.
Until this time exploration had been for political or economic gain but Cook’s primary objective was science. His expedition would transport a scientific team, led by Joseph Banks, to Tahiti in the South Pacific to observe the transit of Venus, a rare celestial event predicted to happen in 1769. It had been theorized that the distance to Venus could be measured by noting the difference in its apparent path across the face of the sun as seen from widely separated locations on Earth. Astronomers already knew the relative distances between objects in the solar system. If the actual distance between any two were known, they would have the key to calculating the absolute scale of the solar system. The transit of Venus would give that measurement and observations from Tahiti would provide the long baseline needed for accurate results. The scientists were anxious to be on their way since the next transit would not occur for another 105 years.
Cook found a suitable ship, and it was renamed HMS Endeavour. From 1768 to 1771, the Endeavour team explored, catalogued and mapped countless natural wonders. (A brilliant account of Cookâ€™s adventures, called Blue Latitudes, was published last year by Pulitzer-Prize winning journalist Tony Horwitz.) The Venus observations allowed astronomers to calculate its distance from Earth with an error of only five per cent. Cook was given command of another voyage in 1772, this time with the Resolution, another Whitby collier. Resolution returned in 1775 having taken Cook on his second circumnavigation.
A third voyage was undertaken in 1776. The goal was to search for the elusive Northwest Passage from the west side of North America since all attempts from the east had thus far failed. After discovering the Hawaiian Islands, Resolution sailed up the west coast of North America to the Bering Sea but was stopped by pack ice. Returning to Hawaii for the winter, Cook was killed in a native uprising. The surviving crew made it back to England in 1780.
But what became of his ships? The post-Cook record of Resolution has been investigated by the modern day Captain Cook Society. They affirm she was sold to French whalers who changed her name to Marie Antoinette. Later she became the cargo carrier La LibertÃ© and ferried supplies to North America. In 1793 La LibertÃ© was seriously damaged and abandoned at a wharf in Newport, R.I. Newport locals apparently knew La LibetrÃ© was Cookâ€™s ship but incorrectly assumed she was Endeavour. Despite a glorious past, Resolution sat neglected before finally sinking into the mud a few years later. The Newport waterfront has seen plenty of development since the 1790s yet somewhere below an area of reclaimed land the remains of Resolution still lie. A local group, the Rhode Island Marine Archaeology Project (RIMAP), believes they have identified the location.
RIMAP is also actively investigating shipwrecks from the British Revolutionary War. They have surveyed several sunk by the British in the shallow water of Newportâ€™s outer harbor in 1778 to prevent the entry of enemy ships. In the winter of 1999, while researching the identity of these wrecks, RIMAP was amazed to discover that one was the transport Lord Sandwich. Documents indicate it was once owned by the Royal Navy and sold to a private owner in 1775. Her former name: H.M.S. Endeavour.


Our Mission And Vision
Israel’s Voice, a U.S.-based nonpartisan 501 (c) (3) nonprofit educational and human rights organization, educates, promotes, and raises worldwide awareness about past, present, and future events related to Israel.
Founded in 2014, Israel’s Voice has long been instrumentally active in building a coalition of grassroots volunteers, leaders, and organizations.
Israel’s Voice, a natural outgrowth of our mission, was forged to expand our outreach and capabilities through multimedia and direct approaches.
If I am not for myself, who will be for me? But if I am only for myself, who am I? If not now, when?
—Ethics of the Fathers, 1:14 Pirkei Avot
On May 14, 1948, these above words echoed poignantly, as the Jewish people embraced a 2,000-year-old dream – the return to their natural place of birth where their “spiritual, religious and national identity was formed.” A call went out to all world Jewry to rally and unite as one people and one nation to stand together in “the great struggle for the fulfillment of the dream of generations – the redemption of Israel.” With dignity and pride, the Jewish people raised their heads high, lifted their voices as one, and proudly declared their historic “self-evident right to be a nation, as all other nations, in their own sovereign State.”
After grave persecution and “in the midst of wanton aggression,” the Jewish children of Israel extended their hands in peace, welcomed the Arab inhabitants and all other races and faiths with full equal rights under the law, and called for their cooperation for “the common good of all.” These proclamations are forever ensconced in Israel’s Declaration of Independence.
Over 65 years later that Declaration has begun to ring hollow. The Jewish people are divided, and many have all but forgotten it now. Nations that once rejoiced in that pledge are hostile and threaten Jewish survival. Allies have unjustly singled out, demonized, and placed unyielding pressure on the children of Israel to forfeit their natural, historic, and legal right to national sovereignty, robbing them of their identity and endorsing the ethnic cleansing of them from their own land.
We too have a dream . . .
It is our dream to reclaim our pledge and revitalize with strength, rigor, dignity, and pride Israel’s Declaration of Independence. We aim to collectively reignite the same flames of passion that once unified and connected the Jewish people to the nation of Israel.


MINISTRY OF PUBLIC ORDER
Today (25-02-06) a ceremony took place at the outdoor area of the Ministry of Public Order in which the memorial of officers that perished on duty was unveiled.
His Beatitude Mr. Christodoulos, the Archbishop of Athens and the rest of Greece officiated at the ceremony to the memory of the perished officers.
The following officials attended the ceremony: Mr. Vyron Polydoras, Minister of Public Order, Mr. Leonidas Evaggelidis, General Secretary of the Ministry, Police Lieutenant General Mr. George Aggelakos, Chief of the Hellenic Police Force, Police Lieutenant General Mr. George Kanellos, Police Lieutenant General Mr. Anastassios Dimoshakis, Head of General Staff of the Hellenic Police Force, Police Lieutenant General Mr. Efstratios Kyriakakis, General Inspector of North Greece as well as other top rank officials from the Hellenic Police Force.
Moreover, the ceremony attended representatives from the political circles of this country, by Head of Services in which perished officers had served, police officers from the Attica Divisions, members of the families of perished officers and representatives of the Unions and of the Federation of Retired Police Officers, of Trade Unions and Federations of the staff of the Hellenic Police Force as well as representatives of Friends of the Police Clubs.
Before the ceremony, his Beatitude Mr. Christodoulos, the Archbishop of Athens and of the rest of Greece officiated at another service to the memory of the police officers that perished on duty in the Holy Temple of the Greatest Archangels in the venue of the Former Police Academy (96, Messogeion st.,). As it is well known, this ceremony takes place in the first All Souls? Day of every year as a result of the initiative of the Pan-Hellenic Federation of Police Agents in cooperation with the Hellenic Police Force Headquarters.
It must be noted that the retired Police Warrant Officer Mr. Evaggelos Mitsou created the sculpture.
Memorial of perished police officers
The city in which a police officer moves and lives is depicted at the back. The iron sculpture in front of the statue depicts the Police Force, patron of the citizens and guardian of the family. The Police Officer gives a last kiss to his/her family and his soul leaves the body through the shield.
The memorial is in the outdoor area in front of the Ministry of Public Order.
Ceremony for the unveiling of the memorial: 25/02/2006
Sculptor: Police Warrant Officer Evaggelos MITSOU.
Donators: “MARMARA NIKOLIS” “FOSS”
Speeches by the Minister of Public Order and by the Chief of the Hellenic Police Force as well as pictures from this event can also be found in the Athens News Agency (www.ana.gr)
For more information: Tel: +30 210 69 77 505
Fax: +30 210 69 29 764


This formation is Dakota sandstone. There's a thin coat of sand covering the rocks which makes climbing on them a slippery experience. You also have to watch out for sticker plants and sharp yucca points. Much of The Rock was quarried in the late 1800s and used by the railroad and for buildings in town.
1972 was the 150th anniversary of the Santa Fe Trail. This plaque set into the formation honors William Becknell.
In 1976, a wagon train celebrating the country's bicentennial visited The Rock.
Preserving Pawnee Rock from was a joint effort in 1908. The Rock was at least twice the size before the quarrying.


Family-owned for over 200 years, the winery has been managed by Ernst F. Loosen since 1988. Ernst F. Loosen believes that great wines are the perfect expression of soil, climate, and grape variety. With the heritage of his ancestors – old vines, true to their roots, in historic Grand Cru sites of the Middle Mosel – he found exactly the material he needed to produce independent, complex wines of world-class quality. Today, Dr. Loosen is internationally recognized as the figurehead for a rediscovered German Riesling culture.


The Dodo's history
A Mauritian legacy
The Dodo or The Dronte is the Mauritius' iconic animal, although this bird has been exterminated, it will forever be immortalized in the minds of the Mauritian people. The Dodo is everywhere, stuffed, wooden or porcelain, on clothes, on stamps ... The Dodo took revenge on the humans. It is still here!
According to history, around 1000 AD Arabs were sailing and trading along the African coast as far south as Mozambique and the Comoros Islands, and they probably called on Mauritius, although there is no mention of it on their early maps. The Portuguese rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, and thus became the first recorded Europeans to sail into the Indian Ocean.
The origin of the name "Dodo"
According to the Encarta Dictionary and Chambers Dictionary of Etymology, "dodo" derives from Portuguese doudo (currently doido) meaning "fool" or "crazy. Grey in color, the dodo bird may have been a relative of the pigeon family.
Description of the Dodo
Due to its short wings and bulky body the dodo could not fly or flee in the face of danger and as such the Dodo was a very easy prey.
The Dodo birds had no experience of any types of predators before the arrival of settlers in the island. They were passive creatures even when approached by human visitors for the first time. So it was with lack of fears and child-like innocence that those birds greeted the first settlers, the Dutch, in 1598.
Deer, pigs, goats, chickens, dogs and cats were all introduced to the island, each making the once “peaceful and easy” life of the Dodo a real struggle. Slowly, the sanctuary that had sheltered the Dodo for millions of years was being destroyed, and the Dodo was getting rarer.
The last claimed sighting of a Dodo was reported in the hunting records of Isaac Johannes Lamotius in 1688. Statistical analysis of these records by Roberts and Solow gives a new estimated extinction date of 1693.
Even though the rareness of the Dodo was reported already in the 17th century, its extinction was not recognised until the 19th century. This was partly because, for religious reasons, extinction was not believed possible, and partly because many scientists doubted that the Dodo had ever existed.
It seemed altogether too strange a creature, and many believed it a myth.Its consumption became common and most appreciated by those living on the island. However, humans were not the only predators. Rats and monkeys escaped from ships and posed a threat to Dodo eggs and chicks.
Physical remains of the Dodo
Museums all over the World have skeletons of Dodos but no museum, not even ones in Mauritius have a skeleton from a single Dodo. The British museum had a complete specimen in their collection up until the 18th century that was actually mummified (including skin etc).
From 2nd June to 4th July 2006, a group of British, Dutch, and local researchers lead a dig at a swamp located south-west of the island in Mare aux Songes in the hope of discovering remains of the Dodo for the purpose of better understanding the Dodo's behaviour in an undisturbed environment.
This systematic excavation followed successful prospecting a year earlier were they uncovered about 700+ Dodo bones (of both adult and baby Dodo bird).
Who knows that one day scientist may find a complete DNA sequence and future developments of science lead to a producing a live Dodo as theorized in the film directed by Steven Spielberg, Jurassic Park. The Dodo has become an archetype for extinct creatures, it featured in the novel 'Alice Adventures in Wonder Land' by Lewis Carroll who was inspired on viewing the skull and claw at the Oxford University Museum, and to this day these bones can be seem there.


Cruises, Tours, Rides, Snorkeling, Surfing Lessons
Parasailing, Airplane Rides, Helicopter Rides
Water Parks, Attractions, Tours, Amusement Centers
Visit Northwest Florida's museums and amusement parks from marine to military. The Gulfarium offers 3 live marine shows (Sea Life, Dolphin, Sea Lion), rain or shine as alll of the shows have covered seating. The main Dolphin Show allows visitors to stand around the pool to get an up-close view as the acrobatic dolphins perform. Watch out, this is the splash zone!. Be sure to visit the the U.S. Air Force Armament Museum, one of only three American Museums dedicated to the display of Air Force weaponry. It spans four wars with 25 planes -- including the reconnaissance SR-71 "Blackbird" Spy Plane -- and 5,000 other items of interest.
- Destin / Fort Walton Beach Area
- Pensacola Beach / Navarre / Gulf Breeze
- Northwest Florida Inland
Air Force Armament Museum North of Fort Walton Beach
Admission free. Exhibits of aircraft and armaments dating back to World War I. This is a must see. Take the kids to for a close up look of those high flying machines.
850.651.1808, Hwy. 85 near the west gate of Eglin Air Force Base.
Heritage Park & Cultural Center Fort Walton Beach
Admission paid at the Indian Temple Mound Museum gets admission into all three museums. Admission fee for adults (18 yrs. +) is $5.00 plus tax, military and senior (55+) $4.50 plus tax, children (4yrs.17yrs) is $ 3.00 plus tax, and children 3 yrs and older are free.
Camp Walton School House Fort Walton Beach
Restored and maintained by the Jr. Service League of For Walton Beach. Built in 1912, the school was in use until 1936. The building is open to groups for tours by reservation.
850.833.9595, 127 Miracle Strip PKWY, Ft. Walton, FL
Indian Temple Mound Museum Fort Walton Beach
Admission fee for adults (18 yrs. +) is $5.00 plus tax, military and senior (55+) $4.50 plus tax, children (4yrs.17yrs) is $ 3.00 plus tax, and children 3 yrs and older are free. A 20,000 piece exhibit showcasing America's largest collection of Southeastern Indian ceramic artifacts found in a 40.mile radius of the downtown area. A temple mound, once used by Native Americans for political and religious ceremonies, is just outside the museum.
850.833.9595, 139 Miracle Strip Pkwy., downtown Ft. Walton Beach, FL
Emerald Coast Science Center Fort Walton Beach
Admission $3.50, children 3 and under free. Where a child can turn a science museum into fun! Come discover the difference a hands.on encounter with science can make. At the FOCUS CENTER, you’ll find a museum for children and families filled with touchable, interactive exhibits that teach about natural phenomena and basic scientific principles.
850.664.1261, Fort Walton Beach, FL
Heritage Museum Valparaiso
Located just a few minutes from the East Gate of Eglin Air Force Base. The Heritage Museum features exhibits that illustrate the history of NW Florida. Hours are Tuesday through Saturday, 10:00 . 4:00. Admission is free.
850.678.2615, 115 Westview Avenue, Valparaiso, FL
Old Destin Post Office Destin
Artifacts, photos, historic objects and data reflect the culture of early Destin pioneers. Destin's first post office was set up in a home parlor in 1897.
850.837.8572, Stahlman Ave, Destin, FL
Civil War Soldiers Museum
Hours: 10am . 4:30 pm Tues. . Sat., just north of the Saenger Theatre in downtown Pensacola
850.469.1900, 108 South Palafox Place, Pensacola, FL
Ft. Barrancas Visitor Center, Pensacola Naval Air Station
Historic Pensacola Village, 205 E. Zarragossa St
Pensacola Historical Society Museum, 115 E. Zarragossa St
Pensacola Lighthouse Museum, Pensacola Naval Air Station
National Museum Of Naval Aviation
Open daily 9 am to 5 pm
1750 Radford Blvd. Pensacola, FL
Quina House, 205 S Alcaniz
T.T. Wentworth, Jr. Florida State Museum, 320 Jefferson St.
The Wall South Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Ninth Ave.
Gulf Islands National Seashore - Fort Pickens Visitor Center and Museum
Visitor Center Hours: 9:30 am - 5 pm
Open: March through October 9:30 am to 5 pm
Open: November - February 8:30 am - 4 pm
November through February. Passport stamp for Fort Pickens and Florida Scenic trail is located in the visitor center.
Northwest Florida Inland
Baker Block Museum (Baker, Florida)
Admission Free. Open: Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and 3rd Saturday of the month. 10:00 A.M. . 3:30 P.M.
Please check for Holiday closing if you are traveling from a distance.
850.537.5714, 1307 Georgia Ave, Baker, Florida, 32531


Recent archeological studies and excavations indicate that Cesme has not been only a harbor of the Cityof Erythrai-Village of Ildır of the present day – but actually a significant polis in the region for almost 5000 years. The city was named as Cysus under the rule of the Byzantine Empire. Cysus was taken by Caka Bey of the Seljuk Turks in 1081, bacene an Ottoman Discrit in 1422 and was called Cesme since then. Cesme was accupied by the Greeks after the First War and taken back in 1922 by Turks.
Among more than twenty snady beaches around Cesme, Ilıca Beach is the most popular and well known. Alaçatı, Pırlanta, Altınkum, Tursite, Şifne ve Paşalimanı are the others.
Recently completed , the majestic Cesme Marina is among the Blue-Flagged marinas.


August 12, 2013
Current president Barack Obama is generally considered to the 44th president of The United States of America. However, technically speaking, only 43 different people have been president due to the fact that President Grover Cleveland served as both the 22nd and the 24th presidents, making him the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms. George Washington become the country’s very first president when he was elected into office on April 30, 1789. At that time there were no defined political parties. The youngest president was Theodore Roosevelt who was 42 year old when he was swore into office in 1901 and the oldest president was Ronald Reagan who was 69 years old when he took office in 1981. Being at least 35 years of age is one of three qualifications that anyone must have if they want to run for presidency. The other two are they must be a born citizen of the United State of America and they have resided permanently in the United States for at least fourteen years. Any elected person can only serve as president for two terms, Direct Television packages, terms are four years each. In any event where the president cannot fulfill their duties the vice president is next in line for the presidency.
June 8, 2013
The history of the United States is intimately connected to religion. Whether the influence of religion on U.S. history has been right or wrong, it is important to remember that much of the country’s history has been based on religious conviction or conflict. Regardless of one’s personal views on religion, one question remains: Is religion in the country as prevalent as ever?
The question is not an easy one to answer. Conservatives will argue that religion has been abandoned (more…)
April 16, 2013
In 1775, 13 American colonies were embroiled in the Revolutionary War against Great Britain. Under Great Britain, these colonies had suffered indignities including oppressive taxes and denial of basic natural rights such as freedom of speech and assembly. It was in this context that the colonies came together and declared their independence from the British crown.
While today we think of the United States as a single nation, during colonial days most colonists did not consider themselves “Americans” but rather “Virginians” or “Pennsylvanians.” They identified with their colony first and foremost.Didn’ (more…)
August 6, 2012
Cable television is a pretty common part of our lives. You can’t open a newspaper or go on the internet or even ride a bus without seeing something that jumps out at you and says something like: Get Cable TV from Cable-TV.com. In fact, cable television is so ingrained in our minds that many of us don’t even stop to think about a time when there was no cable or how it even started.
The earliest origins of cable television can be traced back to Arkansas and Pennsylvania during the 1940s and 50s. In these mountainous regions, it was notoriously difficult for homes to get good television reception. The solution was to construct large, sprawling community antennas atop mountains which various homes in the region could connect to via cable and, thus, the trend was started.
In the decades that followed, variations of the method and modifications including better cable wire quality and antennas and even satellites were eventually implemented until we finally arrived at where we are today – a world saturated in cable television where you can access it from almost anywhere. So the next time you turn on that TV or moan and groan because you can only find 100 good channels to watch out of the 200 or so, just remember the way things used to be.
June 1, 2012
A common question raised in the 21st century is, “Where did we go wrong in raising children from previous years?” Ideologies on child rearing have changed over the last 50 plus years. The culture in the US prior to the 1950s was different for child rearing. Most mothers stayed home and rarely were children sent to a daycare during the day. Things were not purchased on a whim for a child’s pleasure but only for special occasions. Television was something only viewed as a family watching (more…)
May 30, 2012
America is not lost and revert back to its status of prestige and greatness they possessed before the cold war. The simple fact is that we forgot how to be American. The people in the US have always been the leaders in technology and producing products for its people. The problem is that we are selling off the farmland in order to put in strip malls and sell products from foreign entities.
We, as a country, (more…)
May 27, 2012
The history of this country is one of fierce individuality while still being concerned with the whole. The values of days one by have been to look after one’s neighbor and community, a hard day’s work, doing the best possible job one is able to, and taking pride in a job well done. It just seems that the shift of the nation has moved more towards getting more pay for less work, not caring about the quality of the end product, being more (more…)
May 24, 2012
The United States possesses a unique spirit and drive that not many other nations, as a people have. The morals that built this country revolved around this spirit and the fierce desire to be left alone. When the many settlers began to flood the shores of the eastern region of the US they brought with them a moral character of honesty, hard work, and integrity.
The original settlers of America believed that God should be first and foremost in their lives and that their country should reflect this same attitude. (more…)
May 20, 2012
Current president Barack Obama is generally considered to the 44th president of The United States of America. However, technically speaking, only 43 different people have been president due to the fact that President Grover Cleveland served as both the 22nd and the 24th presidents, making him the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms. George Washington become the country’s very first president when he was elected into office on April 30, 1789. At that time there were no defined political parties. The youngest president was Theodore Roosevelt who was 42 year (more…)


In 1954, Oscar “Pop” Jennings started his very own butcher shop in the small town of New Franklin, Missouri. Located equidistant from St. Louis and Kansas City, on the original Katy Trail, Pop began the business cutting and curing specialty meat products for local farmers in the area and surrounding counties.
In 1968, Pop’s son Keith joined the business, expanding the company into the retail meat market. With Keith on board, the company began offering fresh meat, custom cut to the likes of it’s customers. Keith got the company involved in many trade organizations, and even served as President of the Missouri Association of Meat Processors, where he was later named to their Hall of Fame. Our retail shop still exists today, taking care of our customers with great products and service.
Pop’s grandson, Jason became involved in the business in 1988. The company expanded into further processed meat products including smoked hams, bacon, snack sticks, jerky and sausages. These products have won Jennings Premium Meats some of it’s greatest awards at both state and national levels. Jason continued the company’s involvement in trade organizations, by serving as President of the American Association of Meat Processors, as well as the Missouri Association, where he was also named to their Hall of Fame. In 2011 Jason was named the recipient of the prestigious Richard Knowlten Award, given each year to a meat processor with outstanding service to the trade business.
Still located in the site of the original butcher shop in New Franklin, Missouri, Jennings Premium Meats continues it’s 57 year tradition of offering great products and service to it’s customers. We invite you to come by and visit us!


Camp Joseph Badger Meadows (JBM) is a 235 acre church camp supported by 50+ churches of Eastminster Presbytery--a district of Presbyterian churches which includes churches in Akron, Barberton, Cuyahoga Falls, Kent, Warren, Youngstown, and Lisbon. While JBM has, at this point, no separate legal standing apart from the Presbytery, the camp's budget, operations, and programming are the responsibility of the camp committee, consisting of an approximately equal number of clergy and lay persons from the presbytery. During the boom of mainline Protestantism (mid 1960's) the presbytery bought a farm and converted it first into a summer camp where children, youth, and adults came for fellowship and Christian education. Over the years more housing was built, including housing that could be used year around--especially for weekend retreats. Given the steady decline of presbytery membership over the last 20 years, the camp's usage and revenue has also declined to the point that several years ago a committee was formed to study the continued viability of the camp. It was at about that time that the idea of creating a farm incubator was proposed and support for that idea quickly emerged. This particular business case seeks to leverage the value of the training farm, translating that into increased summer camp, retreat, student, and conference revenue. Larry Bowald, James Walawender, Casey Walawender, and Steve Fortenberry will be leading this effort.


A philosopher and author as well as a public figure, businessman and wine grower, Charles de Montesquieu lived in La Brède, overseeing the development of his estate and his vineyard. He was the first to promote the wines of the Graves region, and did much to build their reputation throughout France and in Britain.
In the early 18th century, the property belongs to the philosopher’s father. After many owner changes his descendant Gaston de Montesquieu acquires the estate and gives it a new identity which has since then been preserved.
The Milleyres vineyard is mentioned in official records from 1703 as part of the fiefdom belonging to his father, Jacques Secondat de Montesquieu. Acquired in 1756 by a Bordeaux wine merchant, the 23-hectare (57-acre) property then comprised a two-story manor house with a courtyard and garden, a barn, a wine storehouse and a fermenting room, as well as arable land, vines, pastures and woods surrounding the buildings.
Finding himself heavily in debt, the owner was forced to sell the property in 1793 to a merchant from Les Chartrons, whose daughters inherited it and sold it in 1837. The new owner managed the vineyard until it was sold in 1867 to Gaston de Montesquieu and his wife Mathilde de Courtaurel de Rouzat. Gaston de Montesquieu, a descendant of the younger branch of the family, purchased the property in order to live closer to his brother, a descendant of the elder branch who lived at the Château de La Brède.
Gaston de Montesquieu renamed the estate Faugeyres, later spelled Fougères, in reference to a medieval castle that had once stood about a hundred meters from the main house. He greatly expanded the building, adding a pediment decorated with the Montesquieu and Courtaurel de Rouzat family arms. He used the manor as a hunting lodge, as the exterior decoration of the charterhouse attests. He also reconfigured the vineyard, planting 27 hectares (67 acres) with malbec, merlot, cabernet sauvignon and cabernet blanc grapevines, bringing the total area of Les Fougères to 80 hectares — nearly 200 acres.
The first record of commercial wine production on the property dates from 1874, when Gaston de Montesquieu declared an inventory of 40 barrels of red wine and 20 barrels of white. In 1881 production reached 80 barrels of red and 20 of white. Gaston’s son Henri de Montesquieu took over the management of the vineyard in 1908, at which time its production had fallen to 35 barrels of red wine and 5 of white. In 1949, Marie Kappelhof-Lançon, Baroness of Montesquieu and widow of Henri’s son Charles de Montesquieu, reported production of 10 barrels of red wine and the same quantity of white. In 1986, Gaston’s great-grandson Baron Henry de Montesquieu relaunched the winegrowing operation, reviving the activity that had been the life’s work of his illustrious ancestor.
In 2010, Dominique Coutière, a native of the neighboring Landes region, acquired the property with its 14 hectares (34.5 acres) of vines: 10.5 hectares (26 acres) planted with merlot and cabernet sauvignon, and 3.5 hectares (8.5 acres) devoted to semillon and sauvignon. The production now totals 450 hectoliters (50 barrels) per year. Today the residence is a monument to the craftsmanship and architectural know-how of the late 19th century, and the vines have reached maturity. The winemaking installations are constantly being improved in order to yield a product that is faithful to its soil and to its history.


The current issue of Astronomy has an interesting article about the Temple of the Fox, which is being excavated in Peru. It is approximately 4200 years old and is the oldest observatory to have been found in the Western Hemisphere. It is aligned with the solstices, and also with the rising of a dark-cloud astronomical figure known as the Fox. I am very curious to know more about the civilization that built it. Does it even have a name? Apparently, it predates even the Olmecs, and was probably contemporaneous with whatever civilization built Stonehenge.
Posts Tagged ‘history’
Having read Tom Holland’s excellent Rubicon: The Fall of the Roman Republic, I was eager to read his latest work of popular history, Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West. My expectation, and hope, was that the emphasis would be on the “First World Empire” aspect, rather than the “Battle for the West.” Holland had done a stellar job of vividly illustrating Roman life, politics, and warfare, and I was hopeful that he would bring the same talent to bear on the even more distant and mysterious ancient Persians. This he does to an extent, but the subject of the book really is the epic clash between the Greek and Persian civilizations and its place in the continuing story of the conflict between “East and West.”
It is all fine for the most part, but I think the subject would have been served better by a separate book on the rise of the Persian Empire with a little more about its antecedents (and a lot more about the specifics of Persian religion, military tactics, and technology), and a separate book about the Persian Wars with Greece. Whilst I’m wishing aloud, I’ll also mention my desire for a separate treatment of the Pelopponesian War and its aftermath, and yet another about the career of Alexander the Great (with lavish details about his exploits in India).
Persian Fire is a good book overall, and I suppose I ought to be satisfied with it, but I can’t help wishing he had written a book more about the Persian Empire itself, rather than its relationship to the West.
I spent my Summer Solstice at the ancient art exhibit at the Toledo Museum of Art. Once again, as it happens each time I venture into that room, I found myself captivated by the Greek pottery most of all. Ah, to have such pieces on display where I could see them every day… Would I appreciate them as much? I think I would. If they were presented to me new I would appreciate them as much, and I would use them as they were intended.
Suddenly, I want to visit museums and ancient sites in Britain. Now.
Och, there so many things to rant about, I don’t know where to start. To be honest, I’ve been trying mightily not to give in to my emotions on a variety of topics. Should I breathe fire or be consumed by it? That’s the question. The solution is probably a Buddhist one, which is fine, but my ancient ancestors were worshipers of a thunder goddess, and I tend to commune with her whether I like it or not (figuratively speaking, of course).
Wandering to other things, I would like to know the true origin of the Picts, since I carry their blood thanks to their mingling with the Celts. Where were they really from, and to what linguistic family did their language belong? Has any of it survived apart from Latin transcriptions? Have Pictish human remains ever been found and has any DNA testing been able to ascertain if there are descendants apart from the Scots? Or whether there are Pictish remains or settlements in Europe or elsewhere? [Edit: Pictish human remains have been found, but I don't know if they have tested anyone other than modern Scots. That's a waste of time, of course — it's common knowledge that the Picts were gradually absorbed by the Celts in Scotland. The question is: From whence did they migrate to Scotland, and are there surviving descendants from their earlier continental settlements? And did they build megaliths? O.K., three questions. Actually, I can think of more than three...]
On a related subject: Has anyone yet determined with certainty the true identity of the ancient Caledonians, i.e. whether they were Picts or Britons?
I guess I’m just making a note of these questions for future reference. The thunder goddess reference started my thoughts in this direction again. Her name was Bolg, by the way.
[Edit: This is reprinted from my LiveJournal posting, because it's better suited here.]
I recently watched the documentary Searching for the Great Hopewell Road. The Hopewell were one of the ancient Moundbuilder civilizations that “built thousands of monumental earthworks in the central Ohio Valley, including the largest geometric enclosures in the world.” Most fascinating to me were the links made between some of the cultural beliefs of the Woodland Indians of this region, the Anasazi of the Southwest, and the Mayas. All three purportedly had a belief that the Milky Way was some sort of sacred road of the spirit world, and all three constructed long, wide, straight roads that may have represented on earth the spiritual road they discerned in the night sky. The focus of the documentary is the discovery of what may be a straight road, 100 feet wide, connecting two sites of mound enclosures 60 miles apart. It is maddening how little is known about the ancient cultures of this continent, especially in this region.
Another thing of great interest to me were the interviews with descendents of some of the Ohio tribes, such as the Shawnee, Miami, and Delaware, who described various beliefs, some of which may have been inherited by their ancestors from the Moundbuilders. I was particularly interested in their Creation myth, which involved an endless expanse of water and a turtle coming up with the idea of creating the Earth by diving to the bottom, gathering mud, and piling it up to make some land. A mischievous muskrat helped, but he piled the mud on the turtle’s shell instead, and the turtle itself become the land. Creation by way of practical joke — it makes sense to me (and explains quite a lot, if taken further). I was also interested in two other ideas that separated the Woodland tribes from most others: they referred to the Great Spirit as “She,” and the moon was far more important to them than the sun. This last revelation was what led some of the scholars studying one of the great mounds connected by the road to look for lunar, rather than solar, observation markers at the mound. Sure enough, whereas there had been no evidence indicating any conscious attempts to trace the passage of the sun, there is evidence that the mound was used to trace the much more complicated lunar cycle.
I only wish the documentary had been longer. I love this sort of thing.
Before I go to work today, I must remember to return a DVD to the public library. The DVD in question is Cromwell (1970), starring Richard Harris as Cromwell and Alec Guinness as Charles I. I have never seen either character portrayed with greater depth or complexity. In general, I found it to be significantly above average, especially for an historical movie. History tends to be grievously distorted when adapted to film. This movie in particular had interested me since I first learned of its existence, and I was very pleased to discover it on the New Acquisitions shelf in the library. Is it my imagination, or are Americans far more interested in the American Civil War than English are in the English Civil War? Perhaps I ought to rephrase that. Is the American film industry more interested in the American Civil War than the British film industry is in the English Civil War, and if so, why? Does it have something to do with budget limitations? Do British film audiences find the subject of civil war in their own country less compelling? If they don’t, is it just that they would prefer not to explore the subject for other reasons? Are there political reasons? Are my questions misdirected because I am underestimating the number of films about the English Civil War that have been made? If I am right that there is a relative scarcity of films on the subject, I suppose I would prefer a handful of jewels to a hill of something much less valuable. (Not that there are no good films about the American Civil War, but there are certainly far more that are not.)
Krispy Kreme doughnuts are better enjoyed at work or home than at a Krispy Kreme location. Dreary little places they are. I entered one expecting to have a pleasant moment enjoying a doughnut and a cup of coffee as I gazed through the window or read the newspaper, but as soon as I stepped inside I couldn’t wait to leave. One would think a doughnut bakery would have a delicious aroma, wouldn’t one? Beyond the peculiar odor, it had a distinctly unwelcoming atmosphere. And there were no customers. Hm…
I still do not know whether to post my Robots in Film and Television survey here or at Mr. Cooper’s Journal. I think I’ll post it here first, and then I’ll post it there. Before I post it anywhere, I need to watch Alien (for the first time) so I can take down the name of the android. No one I have asked who has seen it remembers the character’s name. That isn’t my sole reason for watching Alien. I have wanted to see it since it was first released, and I was very frustrated that I missed it when it was briefly released in cinemas again a few years ago.
Egads, I just remembered I also need to return Howl’s Moving Castle to the video store. I thought it was good, but it isn’t my favorite Miyazaki movie. (My Neighbor Totoro still holds that honor.) The animation seemed inferior to some of his other films. Perhaps it’s a trick of my memory, but I seem to recall being distinctly more impressed by the animation in Spirited Away and Princess Mononoke. There were also some ambiguities in the plot, and I don’t know whether it was the book upon which it was based or the script itself that was the source of the ambiguities. As I mentioned, I thought the movie was good, but it lacked some of the sense of wonder that his other films evoke so well.
The subject of this entry reads like an Iron Chef Game Design recipe. Design a role-playing game incorporating the following ingredients:
- Oliver Cromwell
- King Charles I
At any rate… Be seeing you… :-?


In 2011 St.Michaels and All Angels a church with marginal congregation numbers held short film viewings for Charlie Chaplin Film Festival. It was clear many church elements were in dis-repair and the fabric was due conservation attention. An organisation was formed and many repair works as well as cemetery clearance. Planning is in place to ad toilet, water, office and other facilities the church never had and commence larger scale restoration in due course. Friends of St.Michaels consider the church a community facility in which to hold, performances, viewings, film events, seminars, talks and wedding ceremonies in Waterville. Initiative also seeks to insure services and ceremonies continue in a consecrated St.Michaels as they have since 1866.
Work to date
To date Friends of St.Michaels have:
Refaced entrance door
Refitted rear Nave and vestry floor
Replaced vestry door
Sealed Chancel stone
restored 19th centaury oil lamps
Repointed critical exterior stonework
Restored windows and stained glass at western gable windows.
Proposal is to revive St.Michaels place in the community by sensitively re-developing this magnificent mid-19th century gothic church into a facility that has 21 century services and facilities.
On going support is required to realise the ambition to save St.Michaels and develop the church into an valued asset and facility for Waterville. The church, its Architecture and heritage that played a key role in the formation of Waterville will be saved for future generations.


History of the Everything Bagel Blend
The History of the Everything Bagel Blend was believed to have originated in the late 1970’s, shortly after the industrialization of bagel production in the U.S. While many have laid claim to inventing the Everything Bagel Blend, one can argue that the origins can be traced back to ancient Egypt, with the invention of the bagel. The consensus is that the bagel was created in Krakow, Poland in the 1600’s. The blend consists of sesame seeds, poppy seeds, garlic, onion, and salt. These are the simplest of ingredients, but blended together create a mouthful of flavor. Sesame and poppy seeds give a mild, sweet, nutty flavor and add a satisfying crunch. Roasted Garlic and Onion add a sweet and savory component to round out this blend.
The potential uses for the everything bagel blend are endless!
It can complement snacks, beverages, savory dishes, and even dessert! Many of our customers enjoy this blend for its versatility, but also for it’s affordability.


This tee is our tribute to the famous buffalo soldiers who fought during the Civil War.
There seem to be three possible reasons for the name "Buffalo soldier". One, it is said that the curly hair of the soldiers reminded them of the Buffalo. Two, they were given the name because their fierce, brave nature reminded them of the way buffalos fought. Third, it may have been because they wore thick coats made from buffalo hide during winter. Whatever the reason, the term was used respectfully and with honor.


In 1983, the Young Lawyer's Section of the Dauphin County Bar Association opted to develop a community project. These volunteers formed a steering committee to research the formation of a Victim/Witness Assistance Program by determining the needs and gaps that existed within the community.
In 1984, Martha Emerich, herself a victim of a DUI, was recruited as the coordinator of the project until the hiring of an Executive Director. Seed money was acquired through several local foundations and donors to provide for start up costs. During this year, the incorporated agency officially opened its doors with only a phone line and a filing cabinet at the Dauphin County Bar Association. Later in 1984, VWAP received 501c (3) tax-exempt status and began serving crime victims. In 1985, VWAP received a grant from the PA Commission on Crime and Delinquency through Act 96 - the Bill of Rights for Crime Victims. In April of the same year, the first paid position was created - a part-time Executive Director - and the program relocated to the Dauphin County Courthouse. During the next few years, VWAP operated with a small paid staff, assisted by volunteers and interns from local colleges. Gradually, VWAP added additional part-time positions that developed into full-time staff. As Pennsylvania allotted more victim service funding, VWAP expanded staff and services based upon victim's needs. Today, VWAP serves over 8,000 victims and witnesses annually and employs 18 full-time dedicated and caring staff.


From Cairo, it’s only about three hundred miles to Abydos, in Upper Egypt, but the distance feels much greater. This region has been a world apart ever since Pharaonic times.
It was the cradle of Egyptian civilization, and the earliest known hieroglyphics, dating to around 3200 B.C., were discovered inscribed into relics that had been buried here.
It’s also attracted looters during times of political instability. In February of 2011, as the revolution gathered strength in Tahrir Square, all across the country the police disappeared, and in the Buried teams of looters opened more than two hundred pits. It wasn’t until the end of March, after President Hosni Mubarak resigned and the national situation had stabilized somewhat, that village police resumed patrols of the site.
Nearly two years later, in January of 2013, a team from the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University arrived to undertake an archeology of the revolution. …


COUNTRY OF ORIGIN - ISTANBUL
Arrival, reception and transfer from the airport to the hotel. Accommodation.
CONSTANTINOPLA HEART TOUR: The first stop will be at the Roman Hippodrome, where horse races took place and later became a center of civil activity of the Byzantine Empire and today we still can see the Obelisk of Theodosius. Visit to the majestic and elegant Blue Mosque, built in 1616 and known for its interior decoration with 21,000 iznik tiles. We will also see the Cathedral of Saint Sophia which is considered a masterpiece of Byzantine architecture, and is now a museum. Lunch in a typical restaurant. Visit to the Holy Saviour in Chora museum. Visit to the famous Grand Bazaar which is a 15th century covered market, comprising 5,000 shops, and considered one of the first shopping centers in the world. Accommodation (breakfast, dinner). Possibility of Mass in the Church of St. Anthony.
ISTANBUL - ANTIOCH - ADANA
Transfer to the airport of Istanbul to Antioch, the first center for the diffusion of Christianity. Antioch was the place where members of the community (founded by St. Barnabas and then led by the apostles St. Paul and St. Peter) first met and adopted the name "Christians". Visit the Saint Peter Cave. The Crusaders found in the cave a rock church where the Christians of Antioch met clandestinely. Visit to the Museum of Antioch which has a large collection of Roman mosaics. Accommodation in Adana (breakfast, dinner). Possibility of Mass in the Church of St. Peter.
ADANA - TARSUS - CAPPADOCIA
Departure to Tarsus, a city where Saint Paul was born and according to legend, is one of the oldest cities in the world, founded by the third son of Adam and Eve. Arrival and visit of the only Catholic church dedicated to Saint Paul. Visit the ruin of the house and the well of Saint Paul. Stop at the door dedicated to Cleopatra. The journey continues through the Taurus Mountains towards Cappadocia. Arrive and visit the underground city of Ozkonak, built with cereal storage, dorms and ventilation wells. This place was used as a refuge by the Christians of that time. Accommodation (breakfast, dinner). Possibility of Mass in the Church of St. Paul in Tarsus.
Optional ride - BALLOON FLIGHT. Full day tour in Cappadocia, located between three cities in Turkey: Kirsehir, Nigde, Kayseri. We will visit the Göreme Valley, an incredible Byzantine monastic complex composed of rock-cut churches with beautiful frescoes, the small troglodyte settlements of Uchisar - a natural fortress; Ortahisar - the fairy chimneys of Urgup; Pasabag - and its chimneys duplicated and tripled; Avanos - village of ceramists. At the end of the day we will end the visit at carpeting cooperative where you can see how Turkish carpets are made. Accommodation (breakfast, dinner).
CAPPADOCIA - KONYA - PAMUKKALE
Departure to Konya. On the way visit to a Kervansaray, which is a fortification used as a dormitory for the sellers of the ancient silk road. In Konya visit to the Monastery of the Dancing Dervishes founded by the great philosopher and mystic poet Mevlana Rumi. Arrival in Pamukkale. Accommodation in a thermal hotel (breakfast, dinner).
Possibility of Mass in the Church of St. Paul in Konya.
After breakfast visit the ancient Hierapolis and Cotton Castle, a natural wonder of gigantic white waterfalls, stalactites and natural pools formed over the centuries by the sliding of waters laden with limestone salts from hot springs. The rest of the day is free to enjoy the hotel's swimming pools (thermal pools, Turkish bath, SPA). Accommodation (breakfast, dinner).
PAMUKKALE - EPHESUS - IZMIR
Departure to Ephesus. Arrival and visit to the House of the Virgin Mary. Visit Ephesus, a Greco-Roman city, well preserved in Asia Minor, which had a population of 250,000 and monopolized the wealth of the Middle East. It holds treasures such as the impressive Roman Theater which housed more than 25,000 spectators, the magnificent Library of Celsus (third largest library in the ancient world), Hadrian's Temple and Marble Street. Continuation to Izmir. Accommodation (breakfast, dinner). Possibility of Mass in the House of Virgin Mary.
IZMIR - ISTANBUL
Transfer to Izmir airport to Istanbul. After the landing, boat trip in the Bosphorus Strait. BOSPHORUS TOUR: Navigation through the Bosphorus Channel that separates Europe and Asia continents, in which navigates 60,000 ships per year. From the boat you have a wonderful view of the strait with its palaces, fortresses and summer houses. Next we will visit the Spice Market, a building built in the 17th century, with shops selling typical products such as pashmina, saffron, spices, dried fruits, teas, delicacies, perfumes and much more! (breakfast, dinner).
ISTANBUL - DESTINATION COUNTRY
Transfer to the airport to travel to the country of destination (breakfast).


Discover Glen Eden
You’ll find Glen Eden Village centred around West Coast Road and Glenmall Place.
The completion of the railway line from central Auckland to Henderson in 1881 encouraged the growth of settlements like Glen Eden. Orchards were planted from 1853, but the 1950s and 1960s saw growth in the area as building companies offered affordable options for new home owners.
Glen Eden’s railway station originally opened on 29 March 1880 as one of the original stations on the North Auckland Line. Thislocal historical landmark was restored in 2001 and now contains a cafe.
Established in 1886, Waikumete Cemetery is home to prominent historical areas including the Influenza Epidemic memorial, Holocaust Memorial and the Erebus Memorial.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission maintains the graves of 285 Commonwealth service personnel from World War I and World War II. Friends of Waikumete organise guided walks through the cemetery, and undertake grave and headstone cleaning in the historic area. The local RSA is in Glendale Rd.
Playhouse Theatre has been an icon since it opened to great fanfare in 1937. This performing arts venue hosts a variety of dramatic, musical, dance, circus and cinematic events, including those of its resident theatrical group, Playhouse Theatre Incorporated.
There’s so much more on offer at Glen Eden Library than books. While they do have a fantastic selection, you’ll also find lots of exciting things going on including book and craft groups, visiting authors and events for kids of all ages.
Local shopping highlights
Treat yourself to one of Crafty Baker’s artisan breads, pastries or pies. The secret to the success of this family business is a 15 year old sourdough starter and their commitment to using top quality products. Yum!
Make sure to visit The Book Exchange. You’ll not only find quality second hand books, but amazing coffee and classic kiwi baking!
Plan to stay a while when visiting the Parrs Park playground, because your kids won’t want to leave! The centrepiece is an 11m high tower with various climbing activities for different abilities, and two thrilling slides. You’ll also find swings, sand and water play, basketball courts, skating facilities and sports fields.


Silk shawl. Gold gilt look on silk satin. 80" x 26" Created by The Metropolitan Museum based on door panels in their collection that may have been at Versailles, one of the most beautiful chateaus in Europe when it was transformed by Louis XIV. Shawl comes with a card telling the history of the design. Part of the proceeds go to the Museum.
Package Dimensions: 14 x 11 x 0.3 inchesShipping Weight: 1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)ASIN: B07C3TVG3PItem model number: 57.5Date first listed on Amazon: April 11, 2018


An interesting article about the United State’s first president and a topic not often discussed, his finances. Basically, Washington (and other founding fathers of America) was incredibly wealthy due to land speculation. As much as he was a leader of the revolution, he was also a leader in the real estate sector. The link is below but I took an excerpt in case the link breaks.
“What was the president’s financial position relative to the size of the economy?” At the time of his death, Washington’s $780,000 estate was equivalent in value to almost one-fifth of 1 percent—0.19 percent—of the $411 million GDP. If Washington had lived two centuries later, and boasted a fortune worth 0.19 per cent of the nation’s approximately $15 trillion 2011 GDP, he would have been worth $25.9 billion, taking fourth place in the Forbes list of seriously wealthy Americans. Bill Gates is in first place at $59 billion, Warren Buffett in second at $39 billion, and Larry Ellison of Oracle fame gets the bronze medal with a $36 billion stash. Washington’s $25.9 billion sneaks him in just ahead of Christy Walton of the Wal-Mart chain. The first president is in rich company.


Table of Contents
Explore the Cherokee Rose, Georgia state flower, and uncover the history and symbolism behind this emblem of beauty and resilience.
In the heart of the South, the Georgia State Flower is a floral emblem that is as deeply embedded in its history as it is in its soil. The Cherokee Rose (Rosa laevigata), Georgia’s state flower, is not just a symbol of beauty but also of resilience and memory. This article dives into the enchanting world of the Cherokee Rose, exploring its origins, significance, and the captivating allure that led to its esteemed status in Georgia.
The Historical Roots of the Cherokee Georgia State Flower
The Cherokee Rose has a story that is as intriguing as its appearance. Contrary to what one might expect, this flower is not native to Georgia State Flower. It originates from China, but it has made a lasting home in the southern United States, particularly in Georgia. It was in the early 19th century that the Cherokee Rose found its way to Georgia, where it quickly adapted to the landscape, flourishing in its new environment. The name itself is a tribute to the Cherokee Nation, symbolizing the strength and endurance of the Native American people, especially during the hardships of the Trail of Tears. Get More Info Flower.
A Symbol of Resilience and Beauty
The Cherokee Rose stands out for its pristine beauty and its symbolic representation of resilience. The flower features large, white petals surrounding a golden center, a stunning contrast that can brighten any landscape. It blooms profusely in early spring, offering a spectacular display of beauty and renewal. The Cherokee Rose is more than just a visual delight; it is a symbol of the ability to thrive despite challenges, a message that resonates deeply with the history and people of Georgia.
Cultivating the Cherokee Rose in Georgia State Flower
Growing the Cherokee Rose in Georgia’s State Flower is a testament to the state’s rich, fertile soils and favorable climate. This rose prefers sunny locations and well-drained soil, making it well-suited to Georgia’s diverse landscapes. Its vigorous growth and ability to adapt have made the Cherokee Rose a beloved fixture in gardens, parks, and wild areas across the state, further cementing its status as Georgia’s state flower.
The Cultural and Historical Significance of the Georgia State Flower
The Cherokee Rose (Rosa laevigata), designated as the state flower of Georgia State Flower in 1916, carries profound cultural and historical significance. Originally from East Asia, it found a new home in the southern United States, where it became intertwined with the history and folklore of Georgia. It’s pure white petals and golden center not only offer a visual representation of purity and wealth but also carry a deeper meaning related to the state’s history, especially the Trail of Tears. This poignant connection to the Cherokee people’s forced removal in the 1830s imbues the flower with a symbol of resilience and remembrance.
Cultivation and Characteristics of the Cherokee Georgia State Flower
The Cherokee Georgia’s State Flower is renowned for its beauty and robustness, thriving in the southeastern United States’ favorable climate. As a climbing plant that prefers sunny spots and well-drained soils, it can reach up to five meters in height and is adorned with glossy leaves and striking white flowers each spring. The rose’s attractiveness to pollinators enhances local ecosystems, despite its protective thorns. These physical attributes not only contribute to its ornamental value but also signify the flower’s adaptability and resilience.
Symbolism and Representation
Beyond its physical allure, the Cherokee Rose is steeped in symbolism, particularly among the Cherokee people, for whom it represents hope and endurance. Its adoption as Georgia’s state flower further elevates its status as a symbol of the state’s natural beauty and historical narrative, linking the past with the present. This emblematic role underscores the flower’s ability to convey stories of survival and resilience, making it a poignant reminder of Georgia’s complex history and cultural heritage.
Practical Applications and Benefits
The Cherokee Georgia’s State Flower offers more than aesthetic pleasure; its hips are a source of vitamin C and have been utilized in culinary and medicinal contexts for generations. This practical use, combined with its ornamental value, makes the Cherokee Rose a versatile plant. Its inclusion in gardens and landscaping projects not only beautifies spaces but also contributes to biodiversity and the ecological health of the area, showcasing the flower’s multifaceted contributions to human and environmental well-being.
Conservation and Educational Efforts
Recognizing the Cherokee Rose’s importance, conservation efforts aim to preserve this historical and cultural symbol for future generations. Educational programs highlight its ecological role, cultural significance, and historical context, promoting its cultivation and conservation. These initiatives reflect a broader commitment to preserving biodiversity and fostering a deeper connection between the community and its natural heritage, ensuring that the Cherokee Rose remains a vibrant part of Georgia’s cultural and natural landscape. See More Info Tips.
The Cherokee Rose: Georgia’s State Flower – A Symbol of Resilience and Beauty
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The Cherokee Rose, Georgia’s State Flower, is more than just a botanical specimen; it is a living symbol of Georgia’s rich history and cultural heritage. Its journey from its origins in China to its beloved status in Georgia is a testament to the flower’s resilience and beauty. The Cherokee Rose not only adorns the state with its stunning blooms but also serves as a reminder of the strength and perseverance inherent in the spirit of Georgia. As we admire the Cherokee Rose, we are reminded of the enduring beauty and resilience that define both the flower and the state it represents.
What is the origin of the Cherokee Rose in Georgia?
The Cherokee Rose was introduced to Georgia in the early 19th century from China.
What is the significance of the Cherokee Rose in Georgia?
The Cherokee Rose is a symbol of resilience and beauty, representing the strength and endurance of the Cherokee people, particularly during the Trail of Tears.
Why is the Cherokee Rose popular in Georgia?
The Cherokee Rose is a popular flower in Georgia, known for its beauty and adaptability, thriving in various environments.


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Languell Abstract & Title was established in 1958 by George Languell, a local attorney from Spencer, Indiana, and his wife Mary Ann. After George's passing in 1993, Mary Ann continued with the business until her passing in April of 2003.
It remained a family owned business until April of 2006 when the business was purchased by Richard Lorenz, Jack Woodruff, C. Thomas Spencer, and John McKay. After the purchase of the business in 2006 the partners kept the name of Languell Abstract & Title Corporation in honor of their fellow colleague, George W. Languell, updated to Languell Title Company in 2017.
Although no longer family owned, the business owners and staff remain committed to nurturing an enduring tradition of excellence, quality and value in all they do and aspire to be.


A Century-Long Journey from Vintage to Digital
The Timeless Allure of the Photo Booth
When investigating the Evolution of the Photo Booth we see that the photo booth, a simple yet captivating invention, has been capturing smiles, laughter, and memories for over a century. Its journey from vintage to digital is a testament to its enduring appeal and adaptability in an ever-evolving technological landscape.
Table of Contents
The Humble Beginnings: The 1920s and Anatol Josepho
The Evolution of the Photo Booth can be traced back to the early 20th century. In 1925, Anatol Josepho, a Siberian immigrant, introduced the first automated photo booth in New York City. For a mere 25 cents, individuals could step into a curtained booth and, within ten minutes, walk away with a strip of eight black and white photos. This novelty quickly became a sensation, with people from all walks of life eager to capture a moment of their existence.
Unknown (Bain News Service, publisher), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
The Mid-Century Charm: The 1950s and 60s
As the decades rolled on, the evolution of the photo booth maintained its charm, even as the world around it underwent dramatic changes. The 1950s and 60s saw photo booths becoming a staple in arcades and amusement parks. Couples would squeeze into booths for a romantic snapshot, while friends would huddle together, making goofy faces and creating lasting memories.
The Digital Revolution:
The Late 20th and Early 21st Centuries
The next chapter in the Evolution of the Photo Booth sees the advent of the digital age in the late 20th and early 21st centuries brought about transformative changes to the photo booth. Gone were the days of waiting for a photo strip to develop. Modern booths, equipped with digital cameras and touch screen interfaces, provided instant gratification. Features like customizable backdrops, digital props, and immediate sharing on social media platforms made the experience even more interactive and fun.
The Rise of Innovative Features
Today, photo booths have become an integral part of events and celebrations. The digital transformation has also paved the way for innovative features like GIF booths, green screens, and augmented reality experiences. These advancements ensure that the photo booth remains not just relevant but also exciting and engaging for users.
The Cultural Impact:
More Than Just Photos
Beyond the technology, photo booths have also had a significant cultural impact. They’ve been featured in movies, inspired art installations, and even been used for social campaigns. Their versatility and universal appeal make them a cultural phenomenon that transcends generations.
What does the future hold for the Evolution of the Photo Booth
As we look to the future, it’s clear that the photo booth, in whatever form it takes, will continue to be a cherished part of our celebrations. Whether it’s integrating AI technology for personalized experiences or using sustainable materials for eco-friendly booths, the evolution is far from over.
The Essence Remains Unchanged
In conclusion, the evolution of the photo booth is a journey from simplicity to sophistication. While the technology and features have changed over the years, the essence remains the same: capturing moments of joy, silliness, and togetherness. It’s this enduring appeal that ensures the photo booth will continue to be a beloved fixture in our lives, regardless of how much it evolves.


Luiza Pagliari and I, Paulo Caroli, gave a talk on the history of Continuous Integration (CI) and CruiseControl at the 2010 FISL conference (International Free Software Forum).
We talked to Martin Fowler and other colleagues at Thoughtworks and to gather (and validate) data on CI and CruiSeControl history. Below is short presentation with this data.
Please contact me if you are interested in the CI history topic and blog about it. I will add your links to this blog post.


The thing that sold Windows as a viable gaming
platform for most people was the appearance of WinQuake (and
then later GLQuake and QuakeWorld). Taking a cue from past days, Vertigo Software
has ported the now GPL'd Quake
II engine to .NET (using Managed C++, of course).


October of 1940. I was 7 months old at the time. This is a Kodachrome slide by Russell Lee taken in Pie Town New Mexico. Lee was a photographer who worked for the Farm Service Administration (FSA) and later the War Information Service.
The image was one a a series he took in Pie Town and at one of their barbecues. This is part of the barbecue set. Pie town was a homesteaded area in the mid western part of the state.
What do we see here? Well my knees hurt, there is no way in hell I could hunker with these guys, but then maybe if I lost some weight. But with arthritis and being a wee shy of 72, naw. If you look at this series of images there are few if any obese people in Pie Town in 1940. Life is too hard for that nonsense. I live in Santa Fe, about 100 miles from Pie Town. Santa Fe now is pretty cosmopolitan but wearing Stetson, as these guys are all doing, attracts no attention, it’s standard dress. All of the guys have nicely pressed shirts which are seldom seen in the day to day shots Lee took during his 1940 stay. They are all wearing ties too. No doubt the annual barbecue was a big event and one did not take it lightly. The picture is almost timeless but the headlamp above the shoulder of the man on the left is a giveaway.
Another of my favorite Russell Lee photographs.
The Jack Whinery family. Not that this is a 4×5 Kodachrome which the 4×5 format was discontinued in 1951. I don’t believe it was made in any other sheet film format. Amazing color that has lated 70 years and there appears to be no fading whatsoever. Kodak (actually Mannes and Godowsky) got it right and didn’t fool with it until Kodachrome 64! Check out Mannes and Godowsky on Wikipedia. Their story is fascinating and I think we can see the George Eastman was no fool. He jumped on every advancement that came along, it was not the Kodak of today. Another fascinating read is From Dry Plate to Ektachrome by C.E. Kenneth Mees (1961). Mees sent someone to Kodak France to investigate why they were writing reports on the development of b+w film in aged burgundy wine!
OK, back to Jack and his family. This picture says so much. One could write about it all day. I’d bet the dresses are made by mom and of course handed down to each daughter as they grew. Been there done that, but I was the oldest and I can see Gary wearing my clothes. Poor kid! They are also likely made from feed sacks which came in various patterns and colors, and were used as sacks for this very reason. They were known as sack dresses. This was long before the hideous fashion craze of sack dresses in the mid-50’s.
Do a Google on “feedsack fabric.” There are lots of reproduction for sale today in fabric stores. There is also some history and amusing stories about the labels that often couldn’t be removed. If it couldn’t be removed they were often used for underwear. One story relates a man whose wife used fabric with the label “Self Rising” to make his under drawers.
Small families were not the norm, but these kids are pretty well spaced in time. It’s is kind of Walker Evanish or maybe even Langeish. But there is more optimism here than in most of Evan’s pictures. There is a Calvinistic sternest in the parents expression, especially the mother. Jack is smiling a little, just a bit.
The calendar on the wall shows the 1940 date in the higher res versions of the picture.
OK, I found this: Credit to someone named Alexandra who is quoted and a site: http://www.shorpy.com/node/1595#comment-70749 A vintage photo site.
“….I was in Pie Town a few days ago and managed to find the name of all the Whinery children. The oldest girl is Laura; Velva (middle name “Mae”) is in pink, and Wanda is in white. The eldest boy is A.J, and the baby boy’s name is Lawrence.
I know for certain that Wanda, Velva, and Lawrence have died. Wanda was born in Adrin, Texas on August 29, 1931 and died on May 27, 2007 at the age of 75. She was married twice, to Clifford Miller on Nov 4, 1956, and she had four children, two boys and two girls, and Chester Kosakowski, age 81, on Oct 31, 2005. In her obituary it says that Wanda and Lawrence preceded her in death, Wanda likely unmarried as they referred to her as Wanda Whinery instead of with a married name. It also said that Laura and A.J. survived her, so unless they have passed away in the meantime, Laura is living in Clifton, Colorado, with the married name Murray, and A.J is living in Dayton (it doesn’t say which of the 23 Daytons in the US, so I’m guessing it is Dayton, TX)”


David recently sent us a link wanting to come to classes and work out some of the finer points in the drafting instructions for an early 20th century men’s overcoat from Designing Overcoat Patterns for Men and Young Men by Harry Simons published by The Clothing Designer and Manufacturer, NY, NY, 1916.
This is an interesting early 20th century booklet that helps you draft some of the coats that were popular in the years leading up to WWI. The cuts are more in line with generous Victorian tailoring with flared skirts rather than the pared down shapes popular after the war.
The booklet itself is easy to read if you have had a drafting class or two or are close enough to your high school geometry years that you still remember basic line and point proofs, but the average sewer will find it a bit of a challenge.
Overall worth a look if you have a taste for vintage or antique men’s clothing.
Some of the more interesting drafts are:
The Military Mackinaw (pp 42-43): A great jacket pattern that resembles WWI era doughboy military jackets.
The Young Men’s Novelty Overcoat (pp 40-41): A pinch-waist flared coat with an almost regency-revival feel.
The Men’s Cape (pp 30-31): For your next top-hat heavy soirée.
The Balmaroon (pp 22-23): The most recognizably modern coat in the booklet with 2 part sleeves that have the upper seam running down the shoulder and on top of the arm rather than behind it – a nice fitting compromise between a raglan and set-in sleeve.
The booklet does not include sewing instruction, but the language is cleaner than a lot of English tailoring manuals that were written just 10-15 years earlier.
Incidentally, The Clothing Designer Company was serious business – it wasn’t unusual for people to run small cottage businesses from their homes or small offices (our workroom’s building was originally built for small businesses like this); organizations like this helped facilitate that. The magazine/journal itself cost US$3.00 every 6 months, or the equivalent of $65.00 every 6 months today. They weren’t playing around here. You may want to poke through the archives at The Library of Congress to see what else you can find if you are interested in learning more about early 20th century tailoring or historical costume.
There are also tons of things that have been digitized by Google and others – copy and paste this line:
“The Clothing Designer Company” “70 Fifth Avenue New York, NY”
Then add whatever else you’d like to add in parentheses to see what specialties you can pull up. There is a ton of stuff there. We live in amazing times, folks.


HOME OF THE HOOSIER WARBIRDS!
March 16 thru December 9, 2018
Friday thru Sunday 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM
(Prior reservation required for group tours)
December 10, 2018 thru March 14, 2019
plus Good Friday, Easter Saturday/Sunday and Thanksgiving Day.
Group tours and rental of our banquet/reception facility by appointment.
2822 County Road 62 — Auburn, IN 46706
South side of runway at the DeKalb County Airport on County Road 62.
Directions: From I-69 exit 326
(We are not the National Military History Center)
From I-69, take exit 326 onto Dekalb County Road 11A.
Go East on CR-11A and turn South onto SR-427.
Take SR-427 South and turn East onto CR-60.
Continue East on CR-60 past the airport terminal. (Follow the Hoosier Air Museum signs to the museum.)
Turn South onto CR-29 (Center St.).
Take CR-29 South to CR-62 and turn West.
Continue West on CR-62 and the Museum is on the left.
Pilots: Take Taxiway Alpha3 South to gate. Park and call Museum at 260-927-0443.
Lost? Call our museum at 260-927-0443
Adults with a DeKalb County Museum Passport $4.00
Students ages 12 to 18 $4.00
Students and children ages 11 and under Free
Active Military in uniform Free
No Credit/Debit cards please
With adult admission price of $5.00 you receive a
"DeKalb County Museum Passport,"which entitles you
to receive discounts to the following museums in the area:


Published in 1902, The Expert at the Card Table has provided the most influential information about use of sleight-of-hand with cards. Yet, as influential as the book, itself, has been to the practice of magic, the author’s name and background are somewhat shrouded in mystery. In short, no one really knows who S.W. Erdnase is, despite more than a century of searching, conjecture and divergent paths.
While the origins of Erdnase remain foggy to this day, the reason for a use of a pseudonym was not. For one thing, the Comstock laws of 1873 prohibited trade and circulation of “obscene” literature, as well as “articles of immoral use by mail”. Card tricks were considered a form of gambling with gambling, of course, considered highly immoral (and illegal). This not only prevented any potential late-19th century publication of this book; it prohibited any distribution of it once it actually came out.
Another reason for the publication date was because magic and card tricks, during the late 19th century and very early 20th century, were considered hidden practices. However, after the magic magazine, “The Sphinx” came out, the art of magic took off. Magicians began forming official groups, which brought magic from the dark to the light.
Interestingly enough, while the book continues to influence card sharps and magicians, it hasn’t really been embraced by those who cheat at cards (Johnson, 2001). Poker and sleight-of-hand expert Ron Conley pointed out that very few card thieves he’s run across ever read Erdnase (Johnson, 2001). But Conley, himself, pointed out that many of those who didn’t read it, should have done so (Johnson, 2001).
A few decks have been produced with the Erdnase theme; however, none have been designed with such intricate detail as these. In additional to the stylish artwork, S.W. Erdnase is made for card men and women. They are printed by The United States Playing Card Company on crushed Casino Bee Stock and traditionally cut. They have an air-cushioned finished for exceptional handling and play.


I been prepared with for boys, full of humor and adventure by William D. The 82nd Eegiment being ordered to another point of the attack, the 29th broke into open column, and advanced in column of sections through the village of Columbeira, led by the gallant Colonel Lake. Norvel I Adams; uncle. The third brigade, consisting of the 29th and 82nd Eegiments, under General Nightingale, was in front, and the 29tli the leading regiment. He rode up to a flank, seeming to cast a scrutinising glance over the whole. Every luxury was thoro to bo found. On the 15th we proceeded to Caldas.
7 articles on this Page
military journal - peninsular war(1807-1832)
Their inner spirit innergangsta innerG energy fights against all unnatural positions and movements because thats what keeps it the spirit blocked from living subconsciously ultimate goal. He spoke English extremely well, and had been acquainted with our officers when they wcire prisoners on board the Russian fleet. Coloiiel Keating, arrived, and was quartered at Newport preparatory to their embarking for India. Romance, Shoujo, Drama, , Josei, Harlequin. I heard some of them tell the mob, "You shall pay for these outrages; our victorious armies will return again, and we will wash our hands in Portuguese blood," at the same time suiting their actions to their words.
25+ Best Abdominable Memes | Look Forward Memes, Pectoral Memes, Irritability Memes
Monitor for any changes. She has been desperate to touch Jiho since the day he moved in next door—but he's a germaphobe. She abandoned the dreams and pleasures; speech end recalls the shameful means by Brig which sound and healthy: My cousin, Charles Macdonell, was a captain in this regiment. It was, however, very distressing to hear the wailings of many poor women and children, who were thus suddenly separated from their husbands and fathers, and left destitute on the beach.
Under such circumstances resistance was in vain. All were astonished at getting redress in so satisfactory a manner. He was the first born son of Lachlan MacPherson of Nuide INIost of the houses and shops were closed, and few people were to be met with in the streets. These evils would appear to have originated in the immense wealth formerly imported from South America, and the facility with which fortunes were made there.


Exchange of Congratulatory Messages by Prime Ministers to Commemorate the 60th Anniversary of Japan-New Zealand Diplomatic Relations
On 28 April 2012, Japan and New Zealand celebrated the 60th anniversary of their diplomatic relations, which was established as a result of entering into effect of the San Francisco Peace Treaty on the same day, 1952. The Prime Ministers of the two countries have recently exchanged the congratulatory messages to commemorate this. The message of Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda was handed to Ambassador Ian Kennedy of New Zealand by the Japanese Foreign Minister, Koichiro Gemba in Tokyo and, in Wellington, Prime Minister John Key’s message was handed to Ambassador Hideto Mitamura of Japan by the New Zealand Foreign Minister, Murray McCully, respectively.
Media Release from the Embassy of Japan, Wellington, New Zealand 15 December, 2011
Japan and New Zealand have unveiled a commemorative logo to mark next year’s celebrations of the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries. The logo, designed in collaboration with Massey University’s Open Lab design studio, was presented by Japanese Ambassador H.E. Mr Hideto Mitamura to guests at the Japanese National Day celebrations in Wellington recently. The Massey team created the origami crane, which symbolises peace, and incorporated it with the New Zealand fern into the logo design.
Next year’s celebrations provide an opportunity to reflect on 60 years of strong friendship between Japan and New Zealand, and to look toward a vibrant future relationship.
Both Japan and New Zealand are preparing events to recognise this milestone anniversary.
It is expected that many friendship societies, business groups and others in the wider New Zealand public will also launch events to commemorate the anniversary. The anniversary logo is available for these activities - to provide an overarching symbol uniting the celebrations.
For further information about the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations, or to register related events, please contact the Embassy of Japan in Wellington.
MP and Chair of Japan-NZ Parliamentarian Friendship League, John Hayes, with Ambassador Mitamura, launching the logo recently.
The new logo, celebrating the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Japan and New Zealand.
Contact: David Heffernan, Japan Information and Cultural Centre, Embassy of Japan:
(04) 495-8332, firstname.lastname@example.org


Port au Prince, Haiti
With the International Rescue Committee we travelled around Port-au-Prince visiting various projects and talking to people about their impact. We also travelled to Jacmel to meet communities effected by the destruction there.
Holy Trinity Cathedral
We interviewed conservators about their work to restore the murals on the walls of Holy Trinity Cathedral. Viviana Dominguez photo
Hector Hyppolite’s Pot de Fleurs restored
We spoke to gallery owners and artists about what they lost, what was restored, and the logistics of working with the Smithsonian Cultural Recovery Project. Zoe Tipler photo
Smithsonian Cultural Recovery Project
We interviewed leading figures from the Smithsonian, ICCROM, UNESCO, Prince Claus Fund, the Haitian Government and Haitian cultural institutions. Smithsonian photo


History is usually taught as an integral part of topic work. Our aim is to capture and foster the child’s interest in the past. We provide a variety of opportunities for children to investigate historical resources. These will include a study of documents, artefacts and photographs. Projects often include visits to historic sites and museums. Role play is used to make the subject live.
Appropriate computer programs are utilised and, where possible, children talk to adults about their own memories of the past. We teach the children how to extract information from source and archive material using their local libraries and our excellent school library for research.
Our studies progress from familiar situations and local history to that of a more distant time, encouraging a sense of chronology and the ability to view lifestyles in terms of work, leisure, culture, clothes and homes.


شنبه 20 خرداد 1391
نویسنده: Vanessa Lowell
The French Indochina War 1946-1954 Martin Windrow, Mike Chappell
ISBN: 1855327899, 9781855327894
The states of Indochina had been French colonies or protectorates since the 19th century. However, in March 1945 the Japanese interned all French troops and officials, and turned over all civil government to local authorities. The power vacuum caused by the Japanese surrender allowed the Viet Minh, a strong revolutionary organisation, to be established throughout Vietnam. When the French returned to the north, incidents between French and VM troops were inevitable, negotiations collapsed and the French opted for a military solution. This book examines the history of the conflict and the forces of both sides.
From the Publisher
Packed with specially commissioned artwork, maps and diagrams, the Men-at-Arms series is an unrivalled illustrated reference on the history, organisation, uniforms and equipment of the world's military forces, past and present.MORE EBOOKS:


Sun and Moon: A Story of Astronomy, Photography and Mapping
A unique pictorial history of astronomical exploration from the earliest prehistoric observatories to the latest satellite images
With 280 spectacular images and an inspiring story imparting the excitement of discovery, Sun and Moon marks the anniversary of the first moon landing by Apollo 11 in July 1969, and the 40th anniversary of NASA's geological survey of the moon, with its extraordinary cartography.
It illustrates how the development of photography and cartography - the means of documenting other worlds - is linked indelibly to the charting of the heavens, from the first image on a glass plate to the Hubble Space Telescope.
Sun and Moon is the gift of the season for anyone who has ever gazed at the stars or looked through a telescope.