Yarraville is a vibrant suburb located in the inner western suburbs of Melbourne, just 6km west of Melbourne CBD. With a thriving town centre the Yarraville Village, as it is known, has a large variety of retail stores, restaurants, cafe’s and bars. Yarraville is bordered on the east by the junction of the Maribyrnong and the Yarra Rivers, and its southern boundary is the West Gate Freeway.
Yarraville is situated on basaltic land, and bluestone was extracted for ballast for boats on the Yarra River and Port Phillip Bay. In 1859 a railway line from Footscray to Williamstown was opened, which prompted land sales in an estate which the promoters named Yarraville.
A railway stopping place was opened in 1871. The first church in Yarraville was opened by the Methodists (1870), whose hall was the location of a primary school in the following year. Increasing population required the opening of a replacement Common School in 1875, the site of the State primary school (1875-1995). By 1880 Yarraville was an increasingly attractive site for factories, served by the railway and the river for the movement of goods. In 1873 Joshua Bros opened a sugar works, and in 1875 it was bought by the Victoria Sugar Co when its Port Melbourne refinery was burnt down. In 1875 James Cuming rebuilt an acid works factory which had been burnt down after operating for four years. It went on to become the Cuming Smith acid, fertiliser and chemical works, producing superphosphate and diversifying into a large wood distillery factory at Britannia Creek in the Yarra Ranges. Ultimately Yarraville’s frontage to the river also included a box factory, the Mount Lyell Chemical Works, Bradford Cotton Mills and a jute works. All were large.
Yarraville’s workforce could also find employment northwards in Footscray or across the Stony Creek in Spotswood, in a glass works and agricultural implement factory. Whilst industrialisation occupied a continuous swathe of land along the river, residential settlement in Yarraville was concentrated around the railway station and shopping centre, thinning out towards Seddon or Spotswood. This tended to concentrate residents on local institutions and facilities, and Footscray councillors from the South (Yarraville) Ward were vigilant in attending to local needs. James Cuming was a councillor, and moved house from Carlton to live in Yarraville.
St Augustine’s Catholic church (1894) and school (1896) opened on the border between Yarraville and Seddon.
In 1903 the Yarraville Imperial (later Britannia) Football Club was formed, not becoming a member of the Victorian Football Association until 1928. It won premierships in 1935 and 1961. Yarraville, in 1903, was described in the Australian handbook:
Community and culture
Yarraville’s shopping centre was at first divided between Stephen and Anderson Streets, but the rebuilding of the railway station in 1893 shifted the focus to Anderson Street. A large corner drapery store was further enlarged in 1917 becoming the landmark Woods Drapery with a tower and rotunda. Entertainment was provided in the Lyric Theatre (Stephen Street) and the St Georges Theatre, but both were outclassed by cinematic spectacle when the Sun Theatre (with a rooftop rising sun), was opened in 1935 in the shopping centre. The cinematic extravaganza coincided with the lifting of the economic depression. Two years before unemployed youth had been encouraged to join a band with the cheapest instruments imaginable: the Yarraville Mouthorgan Band began and continued until the 1990s as a foremost homegrown cultural institution. Another homegrown recreation is Trugo (see Newport entry), which is played at the Beaton Reserve, Fehon Street.
In the original Yarraville area, west of Williamstown Road, there are three public reserves. The Yarraville Gardens, close to Cuming’s fertiliser works, was an early reserve interfered with by quarrying. Improvement began in 1913, but with the inclusion of an oval and the Seddon Bowling and Croquet Clubs. The other reserves are the football ground and Beaton Reserve. On the Stony Creek’s shores there is the Westgate Golf Course and another park around a backwash at the mouth of the creek.
The State schools in Yarraville have been: Yarraville primary (1875-1995), Yarraville West primary (1887-), Kingsville primary (1919-), Wembley primary (1958- ), originally in Spotswood and Footscray high (1955-96), originally in Spotswood.
Yarraville has been described as a working class village, and its village character has attracted an upwards movement in house prices. In 1987 its median house price was 70% of the Melbourne median, and by 1996 it was 90%, many of the sales being four roomed cottages.
Yarraville’s heritage sites include the Sun cinema (1938), the CSR sugar refinery (1870s) and the railway crossing gates (1890) in Anderson Street.
In the west of Yarraville, near the Footscray cemetery, there were several large factories. The Davies Co-op cotton mill (Bradmill) was sold to a developer in 2014. The new precinct, dubbed Yarraville Gardens, was planned to have about 1500 houses and a neighbourhood centre including two supermarkets, a restaurant, service station and a medical centre. The former estate is adjoined by the Angliss and McIvor recreation reserves, the latter including the Yarraville Footscray bowling club (formed in 1998 by amalgamation, including the Footscray club that started in 1900).


The Altar at St. Mark's is where we gather and around which baptisms and Sunday Eucharists, Christmas pageants, Easter celebrations and funerals occur. One could call this the center of life at St. Mark's.
The sculpture of Jesus in the boat was carved in cherry by Sister Paula Matthew Browne of Transfiguration Monastery, and the table part of the altar was made by her father, Matthew Browne. The images below are taken from the pamphlet created for the dedication in 1979. The Reverend Charles Speer was the rector at the time.
The images below from the pamphlet are to help the viewer meditate on the images within the sculpture.


Our Fallen Officers
This page is dedicated to the memory of those officers in our lodge who have made the ultimate sacrifice.
Remembering Our Fallen Officers Banner
Officer Freddie Norman
The Cobb County Police Department mourns the death of Cobb County Police Officer Freddie Norman (retired), Badge # 227.
On April 17, 1988, Officer Norman was traveling on Pat Mell Road responding to a dispatch when his patrol car was stuck by another vehicle driven by an impaired juvenile. Injuries resulting from the accident ended Officer Norman’s law enforcement career and left him a quadriplegic.
On February 14, 2009 at 4:03 PM, Officer Norman died at Wellstar Cobb Hospital as a result from medical complications believed to be related to injuries suffered in the accident 20 years earlier. Officer Freddie Norman was 45 and lived in Austell, GA. He is survived by his wife Faith and his daughters Christi (24) and Hope (12). Christi Norman serves as a police officer for the city of Austell. The Cobb County Police Department honors the service and sacrifice of Officer Norman and his family.


Baccarat is recognized as the card game of the rich and famous. Baccarat was so enigmatically associated with the wealthy upper classes and rich and famous and consequently many people shunned the game its triumphant emergence online.
Baccarat is among the easiest of casino games to learn and play and can definitely generate some excitement when played at an on the web casino. There's no skill involved in the game as the guidelines determine each hands action. The sole variable involved could be the betting. In a nutshell, Baccarat is really a game of chance.
Baccarat is considered to have originated in either France or Italy during the middle Ages. The term baccarat is really a derivative of the Italian word for zero. In the centre ages the game was played using Tarot cards in place of the current day card used today.
As Baccarat's popularity increased across Europe, as with the majority of the other styles of gambling in those times there clearly was some rigorous opposition from the Church. The Church viewed Baccarat as the game of the devil and those that played it were carrying out the devil's work.
Tarot cards were first used in a casino game of Baccarat by Felix Galguiere. The Etruscan nine gods are reported to be the foundation for Galguiere's version of the game. In this early edition of Baccarat, dice were rolled to determine the fate of a woman considering that the nine gods required the sacrifice of a blond virgin.
A move of either an eight or nine made her a priestess; a six or seven and she was banned from religious activities; several significantly less than six and she walked into the ocean and disappeared.
This early Baccarat variant became the game of choice for top of the classes and aristocracy and eventually evolved into'Chemin de Fer'and European Baccarat it's thought that this took place at approximately 1500. The game, although extremely popular, was illegal initially, as any type of gambling was. Eventually, the federal government made it legal and placed taxes on it. This made the game even very popular because people could rationalize that they were doing something for the good of the poor if they played baccarat because of the tax involved. The game began to reduce its popularity during Napoleon's reign when it absolutely was again outlawed. It remained illegal until the early 1900's. At around this time around most of the grand casinos were established along the French Riviera.
This version is the one which eventually made it way to America but was a different version of the game that originated from England. Baccarat was legal in England during the time that it was illegal throughout the remaining portion of the Continent.
The English version of Baccarat reached the shores of Argentina in early 1950, where it absolutely was called'Punto y Banca '. When the game eventually reached Havana, desire to of the game had differed somewhat as now the gamer played against the house. It is this version, American Baccarat that was played in the casinos in Havana.
The Capri Casino version could be the Baccarat variant that migrated to Las Vegas in the mid 1950s via Francis Renzoni, following a Las Vegas casino opened a baccarat pit. The game began it new life in America as an unpopular addition to the casino game selection. Las Vegas adapted the game and made the banker the UK casino or house position. This made it possible to bet for or against the home with the banker position. This is the Baccarat variant that is now so popular in the United States, England and Australia.
Before the game of baccarat had reached Las Vegas, it was already being played in New York and Florida. The game was played at the Saratoga race track and at the Palm Beach resort in 1910, forty years before it absolutely was played in Las Vegas.
Since its origins in the Europe during the Middle Ages, Baccarat has steadily made it's way across each continent eventually becoming one of the most famous and respected casino games in the world.
You can find variations in play depending on the location at which you are playing, so it is always best to check on the home rules. And, as so may other styles of gambling, baccarat has made its way onto the internet. Most online casinos offer baccarat games with some variation internally rules; the biggest I have discovered is there are only two hands: the banker and one player. Again, it's advised to check on the home rules when you play. Some online casinos also play the game with a single deck of cards, which is unusual in a land-based casino.
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A different Remembrance day
11/11/11. 93 years since the beacons were first lit, the nation stopped and silence fell to mark the anniversary of the end of the First World War. No doubt all across the country people are writing about today, I was going to. I was going to write about sacrifice and courage, about the nobility of these men and other great heroes. However there is no doubt in my mind that many people will and that they will do it far greater justice than I ever could. Also it occurred to me that maybe tales of great valour are not what everyone needs to hear. On a day when people consider great men, and remember their heroism, let us consider them, and remember their humanity. Turn with me now to Hebrews 11, the heroes of our faith and let us learn what manner of men (and women) these were.


Co-op Youth Tour
Win An all-inclusive trip
To Washington, D.C.
JUNE 19-26, 2020
Please submit your entry addressing the following question:
If chosen as a Youth Tour delegate, you will be traveling to Washington, D.C., with the co-op representatives from North Dakota to experience and learn about America’s rich history. What moment in American history do you wish you had been a part of and what would you have contributed?


Homes of the Southwest Waterfront Tour
Sunday, October 8
1 - 5 pm
Waterfront Village Home Tour
Waterfront Village, Southwest and Navy Yard’s Senior Village dedicated to residents who wish to age in place, will hold its sixth House Tour on Sunday afternoon, October 8, 2023 from 1 PM to 5:00 PM. The houses, apartments, churches and commercial buildings in this area are a tribute to much of the architecture and styles of the past few centuries and a walk through our neighborhoods is a history lesson.
The tour will start at St. Augustine’s Church at the corner of 6th and Maine Streets SW, which will serve as our headquarters throughout the afternoon. Tour participants will pick up walking maps and ID bracelets. Tickets purchased prior to the day of will be sold for $20. Proceeds will go to Waterfront Village. Day-of tickets are $25.


One of our favorite Venues. Epping Forest is one of the best places to get married in Jacksonville. From the elegance of the mansion to the legendary sunsets over the St. Johns River. Epping Forest has everything a bride could want or need for their wedding!
Epping Forest Yacht and Country Club combines turn-of-the- century romance and world-class amenities in a setting of historical significance. Built in 1926 by industrialist Alfred I. duPont and wife Jesse Ball duPont as their Florida residence, the mansion was quickly distinguished as one of the country’s finest estates. Many illustrious guests, such as the Vanderbilts, Carnegies, Goulds, Presidents Gerald Ford and Anwar Sadat, graced its rooms for lavish parties. In the early 1970s, the estate became the home of the Raymond K. Mason family. In 1984, GATE acquired Epping Forest from the Mason family. The company strongly believed that the estate should be preserved for future enjoyment of Jacksonville’s citizens. Recognized on the National Register of Historic Places, Epping Forest Yacht and Country Club now offers a traditional elegance reminiscent of times gone by, while offering the modern conveniences of today.


SCWH CONFERENCE INFORMATION, PITTSBURGH, MAY 31- JUNE 02, 2018
The Society of Civil War Historians will host its biennial conference at Omni William Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh, PA, from May 31 through June 2, 2018. The SCWH welcomes panel proposals or individual papers on the Civil War era, broadly defined. The goal of the conference is to promote the integration of social, military, political, and other forms of history on the Civil War era among historians, graduate students, and professionals who interpret history in museums, national parks, archives, and other public facilities.
The deadline for receipt of proposals is September 15, 2017. Please complete a submission form and upload a single PDF file. Proposals should include a title and abstract for the papers (approximately 250-300 words) and a short curriculum vitae from each participant. Panel submissions should have an overall title and statement about the thrust of the session.


FYS: The Power of Maps
20 November 2017
In 1799 when this map, A New Map of United Provinces, comprehending Holland, Zealand, Utrecht, Gelders, over Yssel, Friesland, and Groningen; with the Lands of Drent, Dutch Flanders and Dutch Brabant, was made Holland wasn’t just called The Netherlands. It was called, in Dutch, ‘’Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden’’. Translated that means Republic of the seven united Netherlands. As you can see on this map Holland has got 7 provinces, but The Netherlands in 2017 have got 12 provinces. One thing that is different is that in this map however one province, named Flevoland was not even ‘’built’. In 1916 the Zuiderzee works began, this is a man-made system of dams and dikes which reclaimed land in the Zuiderzee. So this map from 1799 has got a different shape than now. This map tells us some things about the time it was made in so that is why it still matters. It is interesting how maps change and develop over time but every map matters when you look to it from the time perspective it was made in. We have to understand the time in which the map was made in order to understand the map. With knowledge from an older map we can also understand the maps from this time better, in that way we are able to understand the changes.
The sandbanks, who only occur for a certain time, are very noticeable in this map. There are so many sandbanks in the North of Holland and the cartographer drew them all. John Cary didn’t draw anything in the sandbanks because it is obviously not possible to build anything on them because they are temporary land. I think it is interesting because cartographers only portrait permanent land and sea. The reason for that is because maps would be useless when they wouldn’t picture lasting land. That is why every now and then map makers make new maps, to keep everything up to date. These sandbanks, located in the Wadden Sea, are not permanent because they only occur during low tight and they do not have the same shape every day. Holland has got a rich history of sailors. During the Dutch Golden Age, the Dutch men overruled the world. Sailors traveled everywhere around the world to trade and Holland became a world power. Although the Golden Age ended around one hundred years before this map was made, sailors have always played an important role in The Netherlands because we border on the sea. Sailors might have interest in where the sandbanks are located, because then sailors can clearly see where they can sail and where not. Sandbanks are very dangerous because a ship can get stranded there and it can cause serious damage to the boat. For sailors, these sandbanks are probably the main focus of the map. Especially sailors from other countries can get a good overview of where to go on land.
In this map, it is very obvious how exposed Holland is to the water. There are numerous rivers, lakes and bays. The North Sea is located on the left, dikes protect the Netherlands from the always threatening sea. The Dutch have always struggled with this cold water, because a lot of land is below sea level. The water has also helped them winning battles. For example, during the year 1574 the Dutch Navy liberated Leiden from the Spanish. They were trying to occupy Leiden by surrounding it and waiting for the population, who were hiding in a castle, to surrender. The Dutch navy made holes in dikes so the Spanish army had to leave because the water was making it impossible to stay outside the castle. During the year the map was published, the Dutch and French won a battle against the Russians and English in North Holland. John Cary named his map ‘’A New Map of United Provinces’’ which can be seen as a statement because the English and Russians didn’t accomplish in conquering the province of North Holland and dividing it with the other provinces.
This map by John Cary has some great details that tell us something about the time it was made in. Sailors, who played an important role around that time, can use this map for the sandbanks because it gives a great overview of where they are located. The water, which is highly present in the map, played an important role in our history and it saved the city Leiden. This map tells some great indirect stories about the time it was made in, if you look at details like sandbanks and the water. They both give time perspective to the map, it makes viewers understand the history of the map.
 Smits, Mari. “De Don Quichot Van De Zuiderzeewerken: Eibert Den Herder.” Historiek.net, Historiek, 2 May 2016, historiek.net/de-don-quichot-van-de-zuiderzeewerken-eibert-den-herder/58797/.


Tuesday, October 24th
10:00 am – 11:30 am
Hope Lutheran Church
There were many reformers in the Sixteenth Century besides Luther. Comparing their perspectives to Luther’s, we will examine Ulrich Zwingli (Reformed Church), Jean Calvin (Presbyterian), and the radical reformers (Anabaptists, Mennonites).
Discussion Leader: Pastor John Luoma


Even though you might find it surprising, YouTube has a lot of popular history channels. Users not only seek entertainment, but they also want to learn more about their world around them.
Many history channels on the platform have found a unique way to present history, making it both educational and thrilling to watch.
Therefore, if your passion is history, you can find a lot of potential in this niche. Make sure that you create high-quality videos and buy real YouTube subscribers to help your channel grow.
Table of Contents
Subscribers: 6.21 million
- The History Channel is the go-to place for everyone interested to discover the world’s history.
- Among its videos, you will find both ancient and modern history, as well as the events that led to great discoveries.
- The production value of its content is really high, providing users with accurate information.
#2 CGP Grey
Subscribers: 4.35 million
- CGP Grey is a very popular history channel that combines education with entertainment.
- The channel’s creator chooses various themes which he then illustration with simple animation.
- The viewers get to find out with humor about things they had never imagined, like how the life of a pirate was.
#3 Real Life Lore
Subscribers: 3.75 million
- Real Life Lore has found a way to pique its viewers’ interest by providing answers to strange questions.
- In fact, all of the videos posted on the channel, showcase a curious case from history.
- So, between its content, you might find about a pandemic, or about the shortest war in history.
- This is a great way to stand out among the rest of the history channels. Find a sub-niche like this and buy YouTube subscribers to find success.
Subscribers: 3.65 million
- Many of the most popular history channels on the platform try to explain history in a simplified way.
- This is exactly what OverSimplified does. All of its videos are short animated representations from world history. In many cases, the videos come in two parts.
#5 Simple History
Subscribers: 2.88 million
- Simple History tries to take its viewers back in time to explore the way people lived back in time.
- Their videos are animated and take the users to battlefields, the medieval times, and the Industrial Revolution.
- Simple History visualized history in an interesting way, and for this, its videos have gained over 595 million views.
#6 Sam O’Nella Academy
Subscribers: 2.51 million
- The Sam O’Nella Academy proves to you that you don’t have to create stunning animation to visualize history successfully.
- The videos on this channel consist of simple animation with narration. Nevertheless, the result is very educational and entertaining.
#7 Extra Credits
Subscribers: 2.41 million
- Extra Credits is another YouTube history channel that visualizes history. However, in this case, the channel’s creators produce many multi-part series to explain the whole story.
- The channel’s series explains both ancient and modern history, as well as the events that led to scientific breakthroughs. Additionally, you can also find a simple visualization write for us of the Iliad.
- As you can see, there are many history channels with millions of users. If you want to become one of them, find the way you are going to tell the history and buy YouTube subscribers.
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CUSCO – Apurimac / Michael Holm & Kristian Schultze
Tant qu’on y est :
Cuzco, often spelled Cusco [..] is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region as well as the Cusco Province [..]
The site was the historic capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th until the 16th-century Spanish conquest. In 1983 Cusco was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The Constitution of Peru designates it as the Historical Capital of Peru.
[Tags Keywords CUSCO -– APURIMAC II- ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴀɴᴄɪᴇɴᴛ ᴀᴍᴇʀɪᴄᴀ]


Yesterday, the District of Columbia lost one of its most prominent activists, Frank Kameny. Many D.C. residents will recognize his name merely because there is a street named after him in the Northwest quadrant of our city. He rightfully earned that honor by being quite a proponent of gay rights. In 1957, he was relieved of his position as an astronomer in the Army Map Service when he refused to answer questions regarding his sexuality. With disgust, he began to write letters to the White House and the Capitol alike, but to no avail. The federal government remained neutral, forcing Kameny to go to the Supreme Court, who too denied his existence. Frustrated by the lack of support, he co-founded the Mattachine Society of Washington in the early sixties, which was one of the first gay rights groups in America. Inspired by hatred, he coined the phrase “Gay is good”, which is still used by supporters at rallies and protests today. He would continue on to work on a campaign to remove homosexuality from the American Psychiatric Association’s list of mental disorders and to be the first openly gay candidate for the United States House of Representatives.
The death of this brilliant advocate was made worse only by its timing. Not only is October national lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning (LGBTQQ) awareness month, but specifically, yesterday, October 11th, was National Coming Out Day; a day on which members of the LGBTQQ community are encouraged to “come out of the closets” by declaring their sexuality, loudly and proudly. It also seeks to provide a safe global environment for the LGBTQQ community, and reassures them that they need not live in fear or hide their sexuality. Dating back to the late eighties, National Coming Out Day is one of international tolerance, and is viewed as a rite of passage for LGBTQQ youth. Exactly twenty-four years ago, over a half a million people marched on Washington, demanding rights for themselves and their loved ones, and it is for this reason that we celebrate it on the 11th of October.
In moments of celebration, as well as tragedy, we must look at the progress, the positives, and the past. It is a blessing that a pioneer for civil rights such as Franklin Kameny was able to witness such wonderful progress, like the repealing of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, the legalization of gay marriage in several states and countries, and the overall change in our society’s opinion of the LGBTQQ lifestyle. Over the past hundred years, so much has changed in our legislation, our perspectives, and our routines that we have no choice but to change with it.
This blog was written by Lynn Blake, College Democrats Freshmen Representative


Temperance (Midkiff) Howell; 1850 living in Marion county exactly where, soon after several trials he was convicted of quite a few counts of larceny towards Daniel Brock and sentenced to 1 12 months in penitientiary. It had been testified that he, up right up until that point, had shown to are actually of excellent character.
staunch Southern sympathizer, he refused to talk to her ever again. It wasn�t until eventually she called to him from her
In 1914 Melvina recalled, "Two days just after I turned 13 I married. My husband was nineteen several years old. When we exchanged vows, I was wearing a different calico gown that Mama produced me, common retailer-bought footwear, and also stockings. We took a donation land claim of 640 acres and designed a cabin which we moved into simultaneously. Within the upcoming handful of times my husband designed a bedstead from fir poles, which he peeled and fixed into the wall. He pegged them with each other for we experienced no nails. On this mattress we laid dried ferns for our mattress. Our desk was a tree break up down the center, and we experienced two stools. Pegs had been driven in to the partitions for hats, coats, and clothes. My only dishes have been a huge iron kettle, a little iron pot, and an iron skillet. I had to stoop over the mud fireplace in order to cook.
the Cayuse War. In 1848 he went to CA and on his return he purchased a stock of normal items that he utilized to open the second keep in Salem. 1850 he was appointed very first postmaster of Salem and elected to get county treasurer.
It was then that the relatives moved into the Ashland spot in Jackson County, wherever his father operated the
A meeting of creditors is scheduled for the day, time and site outlined about the entrance aspect. The debtor's agent has to be present within the Conference to become questioned under oath via the trustee and by creditors.
until eventually 1870 when he appears while in the Mariposa Co, CA census Doing work in a mill with no wife or kids shown; 1880 he appears within the Summit Co, CO census with spouse Mary E. and appears to be Doing work in the mine
In 1847 Mr. Holman married Overlook Martha Burnett and settled with a donation land assert in Yamhill County. A year ago he designed his to start with pay a visit to towards the Oregon Legislature. He was an advocate on the abolition of slavery at any given time when his father owned slaves. He made three successive excursions to meet immigrants in 1844, '45, 'forty six, using supplies of provisions on additional reading pack mules.
and Emeline (Zumwalt) Blevins; 1850 Eli resides with father in Polk Co; 1860 he resides in Lane Co together with his wife and son inside the domestic of his father-in-regulation; by 1870 Mary Jane has remarried and no information on Eli can be found so it is actually assumed he has died by that point
"Edward Lenox states in his recollections, "We before long arrived towards the treacherous Snake River, exactly where we shed two of our Adult males, Ayres and Stringer. Viewing The problem which I'd in crossing, and discouraged through the hardships from the ford at this point, they insisted upon keeping the remaining facet of the river, Together with the intention of making a crossing farther down at Fort Boise. They had been compelled to cross just before they achieved The purpose which they had in watch, because of the closing in of your canyon. Ayres, who was an outdated male about sixty, obtained into problems along with his mule in crossing the stream.
When the Civil War broke out John was a solid sympathizer of your south so he packed bag and baggage and returned to IN to offer his services. At some time he was of a sophisticated age and was turned away. He was in Indiana in 1863 and then left for Texas. He wasn't read from all over again and was presumed lifeless. Probate papers ended up filed in 1871 in Marion county.
married Maria, a younger indigenous woman who resided in the area. see page The only real acknowledged young children for them were being Jennie
By 1880 Owen resides together with his niece in Washington county and working like a hired hand on their farm. There is absolutely no visit homepage point out of his household. He remarried in 1888.
Affirmation of a chapter eleven system may lead to a discharge of debts, which may involve all or section of one's personal debt. See Personal bankruptcy Code § 1141(d). A discharge ensures that you may under no circumstances check out to collect the personal debt within the debtor, except as offered in the approach.


The notorious captain and doctor of the heart pirates the one known as the surgeon of death.
At 26 years old, he is the youngest shichibukai.
His wanted poster shows Beppo appearing in the background with his head turn in the same position and stance as OSAP and luffy’s poster.
In the fourth one-piece fan poll, law placed tenth making him the most popular super nova
other than Zorro and Luffy and in the fifth fan poll he ranked second below only Luffy making him the most popular non
straw hat character.
The thing trafalgar law hates the most is bread.
Law’s birthday is October sixth which he shares with Toshiki and Bartolomeo.
Law was able to deflect doflamingo strings with his sword which is noteworthy as Doflamingo managed to effortlessly cut everything else so far.
Law is the only known survivor of amber LED syndrome or white lead poisoning.
Law uses the smiley style of Jolly Roger as first used by his former superior Don but unlike Doflamingo, smiley does not have a cancel sign across the smiley.
Trafalgar law is 191 centimeters tall or six foot three.
Law’s name has many origins. Law is derived from the real-life pirate Edward Lo who is apparently infamous for cruelty. Edward Lo own reputation for violently torturing victims before killing them.
Trafalgar is the name of the Cape in the southwest of Spain. The name is Arabic and it’s origin citing to Western Cape. It was the site of a famous naval battle between the British and French Spanish fleet during the Napoleonic Wars dubbed the Battle of Chapel gar.
London’s landmark, Trafalgar Square is named for the battle as is a class of submarines in the British Royal Navy water. Law’s fight with Wellington may be a reference to Waterloo the place, where on June 18th 1815, the final battle was fought.


History of the Gasometers
In 1892, an international competition was announced for new city gasworks in Vienna. An engineer from Berlin (Germany) called Schimming won the competition, and in 1896 Theodor Herrmann, a technical consultant in gas engineering was appointed. The construction started on 27th October 1896. The city engineer’s department along with Franz Kapaun undertook management of the construction. The construction of the four gasometers was accomplished by July 17th 1899, and opened on 31st October 1899.
When they were built, the gasometers were the largest in Europe. They remained in service until 1986. In 1981, they had been listed by the country’s heritage ministry as outstanding examples of industrial architecture.
When Vienna converted its gas supply to natural gas between 1970 and 1978, the gasometers became obsolete and the technical equipment of the gas tanks was consequently dismantled.
The location of the project presented a special opportunity to develop the urban fabric of Vienna by means of various alterations of the transportation system, such as the extension of the U3 subway and the construction of the North-East Highway.
When, in 1995 it was decided to utilize these structures for residential purposes, four planners brought forward their proposals in conjunction with renowned architects. While Jean Nouvel, Manfred Wehdorn and Wilhelm Holzbauer took different approaches to the project, the architects Coop Himmelb(l)au proposed a second building to the existing one in order to make its function visible from the exterior.
The project comprises about 620 apartments, offices and shops.
What remained was the outer skin of 90,000 cubic meters monumental brick cylinders that are now under protection as monuments of history and for their classical design.
Geschichte der Gasometer


REHAB first started as a department of the Kauikeolani Children’s Hospital in response to the need for rehabilitation services in Hawaii. It was originally known as the Rehabilitation Center of Hawaii when it opened its doors in 1953.
The Center was housed in the back of the Children’s Hospital in two renovated Quonset huts. It had 18 inpatient beds and facilities to treat 50 outpatients.
On October 1, 1969, the Center changed its name to Pacific Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (PIRM).
On October 1, 1975, PIRM became independent of Children’s Hospital which merged into what we now know as Kapiolani Women’s and Children’s Hospital. And the institute was renamed the Rehabilitation Hospital of the Pacific. Today, most people know us as REHAB.


Approximate Distance - Jerusalem to 7 Churches
The most important thing to note from this map is that the 7 Churches of Revelation - - -
are NOT in Israel...
This fact indicates that the book of Revelation was probably written after the fall of Jerusalem in AD 70.
Proper interpretation of the message to each of the 7 Churches will reveal that the book of Revelation was INDEED written after AD 70. Two of the seven Churches could not exist prior to that event as our study of the 7 Churches reveals. The writing of the book was most likely around A.D. 90, but the exact year is unknown.
The seven churches in numerical order as they appear in Revelation chapters 2 and 3 are as follows - -
Distance - Jerusalem to Rome, 7 Churches to Rome
The seven Churches were located in what was then known as Asia Minor, a Roman province. This name should not be confused with the continent of Asia. Today, we know the location of these seven churches as being in the Aegean Region of Western Turkey. These places provided a relatively safe haven for the early Christians and were Roman cities.
While reference is always made to the Seven Churches of Revelation by name, the actual churches referred to were places of worship, rather than actual church buildings.
The significance of their physical location is not so much where they were located, but where they were NOT located. These churches were not in the land of Israel nor were they associated with the twelve tribes of Israel although there were certainly Jewish Christians who were members. This fact is important, because at the time of the writing of Revelation, the city of Jerusalem had been wiped out, the temple destroyed, Israel is no longer reckoned among the nations, and the Jews are being scattered to the four corners of the earth. Just how many years have passed since this catastrophic event and the writing of the Book of Revelation is open to speculation and debate, but it is certain that it was afterward. This is important, because we can conclude that at the time of this writing, God is not dealing with Israel as a nation anymore, but is dealing with the church.
For forty years from approximately 30AD to 70AD God is dealing with both the nation of Israel and His Church. But now at the writing of this Book and continuing up until 1948 and the rebirth of Israel as a nation, God is dealing solely and exclusively with His people in the Church. These seven Churches do not have property lines which extend into the land of Israel. His church, the mystery kingdom, is not unique to Israel, but is now comprised of both Jews and Gentiles.


The grounds of West Point Grey looked uncommonly festive on Aug 2. Balloons graced the clubhouse; gowned, hatted ladies and dapper gentlemen circulated among the crowd while old (some VERY old!) and new members gathered to celebrate our first 100 years as a club!
Lunch was served (yes…served!) to guests under small pavilions while they listened to Charles Hou’s history of the club and remarks from three civic visitors. Time capsule contents were on display in the clubhouse along with all sorts of other club-related memorabilia. Fun bowling events both preceded and followed the festivities and were thoroughly enjoyed by both participants and spectators.
It was a marvelous, well-planned day which set the bar very high for the WPGLBC bicentennial!


The Wampanoag Indians described the harbor and surrounding areas as "Mattapoisett- A place of rest"
Mattapoisett is a pleasant New England coastal town, with a large harbor on Buzzard"s Bay. Covering an area of 17.5 square miles, the town offers a wide range of living conditions varying from waterfront residences and colonial village homes to unique suburban developments and farm residences.
The town is bordered by small communities like Marion, Acushnet, and Fairhaven, while being about seven miles from the larger center of New Bedford, 37 miles from Providence, and 63 miles from Boston. As a result, it is possible to live in Mattapoisett, while making the daily commute to the city.
Nestled in the southwestern most corner of Plymouth County, Mattapoisett played an important role in New England’s whaling industry. Over 400 whaling vessels were built in Mattapoisett’s shipyard during the 18th and 19th century, including the Acushnet, the whaler that Herman Melville sailed to the South Seas on in 1841.
With only a little over 6,000 residents, Mattapoisett is small and close-knit. It’s a family-oriented and community-driven town. Popular local events include the July 4th road race and scholarship fundraiser, Harbor Days celebration, and holiday tree-lighting and caroling. Mattapoisett has five beaches: Mattapoisett Town Beach, Reservation Beach, Ned’s Point Beach, Godspeed Island Beach, and Aucoot Beach. Mattapoisett Town Beach features a newly renovated beach house and dock, and it’s staffed by lifeguards during the summer.
Ned’s Point Lighthouse is the town’s most recognizable landmark. Built in 1838, the 39-foot stone tower is one of the smallest active lighthouses in the world. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Interstate 195 and U.S. Route 6 both run through Mattapoisett, making it easily accessible to commuters. Providence, Rhode Island, is 38 miles away. Boston is 60 miles to the north. Mattapoisett is part of the Old Rochester Regional School District, along with Marion and Rochester.


From Wikipilipinas: The Hip 'n Free Philippine Encyclopedia
Encyclopedia of Philippine History
Dig into the remains of our past
and fathom the history you've almost forgotten
On 12 May 1962, President Diosdado Macapagal proclaimed June 12, instead of the 4th of July, as the official national holiday commemorating the Philippine Independence.
Heroes and other characters in Philippine history, just like ordinary people, have their own love stories. In this season of love, let us now look back on the bitter-sweet relationships they've gone through – their unique beginnings and tragic ending. The proof that love does not end with simple goodbyes. When Gregoria de Jesus was eighteen years old, men began courting her, although in a secluded manner, among whom was Andres Bonifacio, the thirty-year-old Supremo of the Katipunan. Without Oriang's prior knowledge, Andres had already informed her parents of his romantic intentions and had been trying to win their approval for a year. It was about three months later that Oriang finally fell in love to the brave mason, however, it was also the time when he learned that her father was against Andres, particularly because he was a freemason (who was then considered enemy of the society). ...more
Previously featured - Archive
History is a branch of knowledge which chronologically records the events and development of a nation and its people. It is either the study of the past, or the product of man's attempt to understand the past and correlate it to the present. It has three important elements: people (social space), place (geographical space) and time (ordinal space).
The WikiPilipinas portal on Philippine History serves as a memory bank storing anything and everything about the country's rich and diverse past. It includes the countless personalities (both renowned and forgotten), momentous places (including battlefields and landmarks), memorable events (in order of occurrence) and heraldic objects (like national symbols and prehistoric artifacts) involved in shaping the otherwise astounding history of the Philippines. A comprehensive content outline is provided to work as a guide to contributors and readers alike interested in making this portal even richer and reliable.
If you want to help, please register
and be part of the growing community of volunteers in WikiPilipinas.


Founded in 1975 by Maurizio Ciocca, EXM has been producing quality enclosures for over four decades. Continuing a family owned industrial tradition of manufacturing that dates back to 1912 from Milan Italy, he chose to build his first site not far from Montreal in Lachute, Quebec. This site would later be moved to Blainville Quebec, where it has now become the worldwide headquarters.
Prepaid & Allowed - Consult LMS
Payment terms - Net 30
Minimum - $175 (can be waived for $35 small order fee + freight)


Constitution for the Oxford Centre for European History
I.The Oxford Centre for European History (OCEH), established by decision of the Modern History Faculty on 4 March 1999, is an integral part of the Faculty of History.
II.The purpose of OCEH is to further the collaborative study of the history of post-medieval Europe at the University of Oxford. The history of the British Isles is included within this definition where appropriate.
III.The Centre shall, as far as possible, establish standing links with appropriate bodies in Oxford and beyond.
2.The Chair and the Research Director
I.The Centre’s research activities will be led by a Chair and a Research Director, whose terms of office are two years and will be eligible for reappointment. The Chair and the Research Director will be proposed by the OCEH Committee (see (3) below) and appointed by the History Board from among the members of the History Faculty.
II.The Chair and the Research Director will be supported and advised by the OCEH Committee. In the first instance the posts of Chair and Research Director will be unpaid, although relief of burden may be provided by the Faculty of History Board as circumstances permit, to be decided on a case by case basis.
III.The Chair’s main remit is to develop the Centre’s medium and long-term research strategy in close coordination with the Research Director and in consultation with the OCEH Committee. The Chair will also look after the day to day running of the Centre in conjunction with any administrative staff who may be appointed as funds allow, and with the administration of the Faculty of History. Financial and legal responsibility for the Centre will remain with the Faculty of History.
3.The OCEH Committee
I.The OCEH Committee is the body appointed to advise and support the Chair and the Research Director of the Centre.
II.The Committee shall consist of the OCEH Chair, the OCEH Research Director, the Director of the Oxford Centre for Global History, the statutory Professor of Modern History, and up to seven other members co-opted by the Chair to serve for three years in the first instance, with the possibility for being renewed for a further two years. They will include: two postholders specialising in the history of modern Europe; two postholders specialising in the history of early modern Europe; one representative of the Early Career Researchers specialising in the history of post-medieval Europe; and one representative of the DPhil students specialising in the history of post-medieval Europe.
III.The Committee’s principal duty will be to ensure that the purpose of the Centre is properly and efficiently pursued. This will be done by: a) advising and supporting the Chair and the Research Director on the development of the Centre’s medium and long-term strategy; b) noting the progress of applications grant application for awards to be held in the Centre; c) approving the Chair’s annual report to the Faculty of History Board.
IV.The Committee is the body with which the Chair and the Research Director shall communicate on any substantial matters affecting the Centre. The Chair shall bring to the attention of the Committee, or the Research Director between stated meetings, any matters about the Centre which in the view of the Chair require the Committee’s knowledge or involvement. The Committee reserves the right to communicate directly with the Faculty of History Board on matters affecting the Centre.
V.The Committee may choose to vest in the Chair the power to deal with issues within the Committee’s competence, which arise between meetings of the Committee. They shall do so in consultation with the Research Director and shall provide a full report to the Committee at its next meeting.
VI.The Chair of the Committee shall draft the annual report to the Faculty of History Board on the work of the Centre for approval by the OCEH Committee prior to its submission to the Faculty of History Board. This document may also serve as a document available to outside bodies.
VII.The OCEH Committee shall approve extraordinary memberships of the Centre.
VIII.Minutes of the Committee will be submitted to the Faculty of History Board on a regular basis.
IX. The Committee shall normally meet once a term at a time to be decided by the Committee.
4. Other staff
I. As funding permits, the Faculty of History Board may appoint administrative and research staff to develop the activities of the Centre. Line management for such staff may be determined by the Faculty of History Board and by the terms of funding arrangements.
5.The Members of the Centre
I.All postholders, early career researchers, doctoral students, emeritus, members, and associate members of the Faculty of History, who specialise in the history of post-medieval Europe, are ordinary members of the Centre.
II.OCEH shall nominated retired and Visiting Researchers as Honorary Members.
III.All members of the Centre will receive a copy of the constitution on entering the Unit.
IV.Membership of the Centre shall not include membership of the Faculty of History, although ordinary members of OCEH are also members of the History Faculty.
6.Research Associates and Visiting Researchers
The OCEH Committee has the authority to confer the status of Visiting Researchers (post-doctoral) at OCEH.
The status of Visiting Researcher may be conferred on (1) members of Oxford University (but not members of the Centre) who are convenors of conferences and seminars run through the Centre or contribute to its teaching programme and (2) scholars who are working in areas related to its own research interests and are sponsored by a member of the Centre.
Those applying for the status of Visiting Researchers should submit to the OCEH Committee a curriculum vitae together with a covering letter outlining their researchinterests and their proposed involvement with the Centre with a letter of support form their sponsor. They will be asked to pay a charge as a standard bench fee.
The status of Visiting Researcher will normally be granted or renewed at each Term meeting of the Committee for the relevant academic year.
Prospective Visiting Researchers from another University working on a research project within the remit of the Centre may be invited by the Chair to spend time at the Centre conducting their research. Visiting Researchers will be expected to play an active role in the Centre’s research and teaching programme.
Visiting Researchers are expected to provide a brief outline of their work and publications for the Centre’s Annual Report.
OCEH Visiting Researchers are not Faculty members, but are invited to attend Faculty meetings, and will receive information about the Faculty of History. They may not vote at Faculty meetings.
This constitution may be amended, from time to time, by the OCEH Committee, which will submit it for the Faculty of History Board’s approval via the Research Committee.


‘Greater love has no one than this: to lay down one’s life for one’s friends.’ – John 15:13From Sam Lomas:
Tomorrow marks 102 years since the end of the First World War. 11 November has become the day each year on which we remember those who have served in conflicts. This is the story of one such man.
South African born Herbert Cecil Pugh, was forty two when he died, along with 253 others. His heroism would go un-accredited for over six years, and yet his story is one that strikes a chord with anybody who wishes to follow the Lord right to the very end, whatever that end may be.
Shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War, Pugh joined the Royal Air Force as a chaplain. On the 5 July 1941, Pugh was traveling by boat along with more than 1300 servicemen across the Atlantic Ocean. The intended destination for Troop carrier ‘Anselm’ was West Africa. However, in the early hours of that day the Anselm was torpedoed by a German U-boat.
Records show that the torpedo had hit the Anselm some way up her side, trapping many below with little or no means of escape as she began to sink at great speed. Eyewitnesses reported that Pugh, who was acting as the ship padre, emerged on deck in his dressing gown comforting the wounded and reassuring those in shock. When Pugh learnt that some injured airmen were trapped below, without hesitation he lowered a rope below the rising waterline and ventured below deck. It was an act of both supreme gallantry and of tremendous faith. On reaching the men below, Pugh gave up countless opportunities to return above deck and even when the water line reached his shoulders, Pugh continued to pray with the men trapped below.
On 1 April 1947, Pugh was awarded a posthumous George Cross. The GC ranks alongside the Victoria Cross, recognising the heroism and gallantry of remarkable men and women who served away from the front line of battle yet whose actions were worthy of the recognition that comes with the VC. The citation describing the actions of Pugh concluded with these words: ‘He had every opportunity of saving his own life but, without regard to his own safety and in the best tradition of the service and of a Christian minister, he gave up his life for others.’
Pugh’s bravery in the face of undeniable danger is astonishing. It was reported by eyewitnesses that the last words of Pugh were, “My love of God is greater than my fear of death. I must be where the men are.”
The heroic faith exhibited by Pugh is remarkable. Here is a man whose conviction and belief in the Lord meant that he was willing to lay down his life for the sake of others. The story of Rev. Herbert Pugh is one that challenges and inspires us to trust in the Lord, despite our circumstances, no matter how challenging they are.
* ‘George Cross Heroes’ by Michael Ashcroft


Hippo's friends education and care service was established in Botany in June 1995.
The service is privately owned.
The main building of the service is heritage listed and has been purposefully renovated to accommodate our pre school room. The rear building was designed
and built to accommodate the toddlers' and babies' environments.


Thursday, January 23, 2020
Review of the Autobiography of Malcolm X The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told by Alex Haley is about a man who changed the history of America. Malcolm (Little) X preached what he believed about racism, discrimination, and segregation. He went through many changes in his fight for equality. The three transformations that really changed the way Malcolm thought and preached where his transformation in prison, his transformation into the Islamic religion (following Elijah Muhammad), and the biggest transformation of all, his pilgrimage to Mecca. In all of Malcolm actions, teachings and transformations we learn different points of view and we get a good look at different aspects of events. The life of Malcolm (Little) X as told in his autobiography should be read by all. Malcolm X while in prison completed his first transformation. Like many great figures and history makers had a low point in is life. At this time Malcolm was into drugs, hustling, women and money. He became so dependant on making a lot of money he and some of his friends decided to rob the house of an old white man. They were caught for this crime and were not only charged with this crime but were also charged with having sex with white women. Malcolm and his friend "Shorty" were sentenced to six years in prison. The two white women that were Malcolm and ShortyÃ¢â¬â¢s accomplices were sentenced to a year in jail. During the first couple days of prison Malcolm was coming off a drug high and was having withdrawals. These withdrawals led Malcolm into solitary confinement for two months. When he was let out of his chamber he met the man that would later be responsible for MalcolmÃ¢â¬â¢s transformation. This man was a follower of the nation of Islam and the great Alijah Muha mmad. Malcolm learned a great deal form him. This shows us that even in the worst of circumstances we can learn and become better. This transformation was a great test for Malcolm and starts to let us see what a great influence he would end up being in the lives of many Americans. MalcolmÃ¢â¬â¢s second transformation was his immersion and dedication to the Nation of Islam. He followed the "great" Alijah Muhammad and his teachings. Malcolm started preaching to small amounts of followers. It did not take long for the word of MalcolmÃ¢â¬â¢s preaching to get into the community.


Transformations into United Germany in the Mirror of Saxon Local Television Programmes (1990-1995), and their Current Relevance
The project aims to examine the transformation processes since 1990 on the basis of contributions from about 40 local television broadcasters in Saxony in the 1990s. The unification process questioned previous standards and led to a readjustment; loss of Heimat, the familiar, but also the search for the new characterized this process.
From October 2019 until 2020, Judith Kretzschmar and Rüdiger Steinmetz will give lectures throughout Saxony with regionally specific programme excerpts. They investigate: How do the many Saxon private local television programmes of the early years after the Peaceful Revolution (1990-95) contribute to the understanding of the transition into a united Germany and today explosive topics of growing together?
The project aims to analyse the programmes of Saxon local television broadcasters, conduct surveys and interviews with contemporary witnesses and produce videos and handouts for multipliers of political education. Discussion events and symposia are also planned.


My dad (middle with snow cap) in Jerome, Arkansas during WWII.
My father, his sister and two brothers were American citizens born in California.
Usually, I write about baking, eating, baking, eating, my friends, and my cousin's cute dog. However, today's post is a little different.
Look at yourself in the mirror. Oh, ignore any zits, wrinkles or beauty marks. Think about your ancestry. English? German? Korean? Mexican? Italian? A mixture of all of them? Who do you you see?
69 year ago, on February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 which cleared the way for the military to forcible remove anyone of Japanese descent (including American citizens born in the U.S.) from designated areas and incarcerate people like my dad, my friend's grandmother and 120,000 others. The United States government looked at my father and his family and decided they looked like the enemy. 2/3 of the people taken from the West coast were American citizens. My dad and his siblings were all U.S. citizens. They were not the enemy. They were farmers growing lettuce in California, raising their kids and trying to attain the American dream. My dad was 10 years old and liked reading comics and fishing.
What we you could carry.
Years later, the government apologized for the unjust treatment of the Japanese Americans. My dad framed the letter signed by the President. My father, like the rest of his family, loves this country. My dad and his brother served in the Air Force during the Korean War. And there are many veterans who served in the armed forces during WWII while their families were in camps. Get that? Your family needs to be locked up, but you can fight and die for your country. Read more about the 442nd here.
My dad is 100% American (just ask my mom...she jokes my dad's Japanese language skills are so poor that he wouldn't survive a minute in his parent's homeland); but his face and his bloodline moved his family into a racetrack, Arkansas and Arizona during the war.
So, today, please take a minute to remember this time in United States history. And today, please think about judging people by what you see...their face, their ancestry, their religion. We must all guard against racial profiling and civil rights violations, and make sure what happened to my family never happens again. Thanks for reading this. If you want to read more, here are some links:
1. Day of Remembrance event in Los Angeles, today at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles
2. Story about food memories and the effect of camp on the family dynamic in this NPR/Kitchen Sisters story: Weenie Royale: Food and the Japanese Internment.
3. Photos and Background: Japanese American Relocation Digital Archive (JARDA)
4. For my librarian readers and friends... Clara Breed was a San Diego public librarian who corresponded with her young patrons. Letters at JANM and Joanne Oppenheim wrote this book, Dear Miss Breed.
5. Lesson Plans for teachers and homeschoolers from JARDA, Manzanar National Historic Site, and the Japanese American National Museum


The ancient and continuing tradition of Freemining
Since ‘time out of mynde’, those born within the Forest of Dean (within the ancient Hundred of St Briavels) have exercised their right to open their own gale (small mine) to work coal, iron ore, ochre and stone.
Mining for ochre probably began in the Forest of Dean over 4,500 years ago. Iron and coal was being extensively mined during Roman times, although local miners managed to remain free from Roman control, probably by supplying them with their produce.
It is thought that the unique privileges later granted to the Freeminers were a reward for their part in recapturing Berwick upon Tweed in the 13th and 14th centuries, but it was not until 1838 that the Dean Forest (Mines) Act enshrined their rights in an act of parliament:
"All male persons born or hereafter to be born and abiding within the said Hundred of St Briavels, of the age of twenty one years and upwards, who shall have worked a year and a day in a coal or iron mine within the said Hundred of St Briavels, shall be deemed and taken to be Free Miners."
This ancient tradition is now going through a resurgence. At Hopewell we are supporting this independent and unique lifestyle, making it more viable for future generations. How you become a Freeminer and what it means will be explained by your Freeminer guide.


Some activity historians recommended that golf progressed from before sporting activities involving a ball and also a club in Europe and the overall Mediterranean basin. This activity dates back again to 943 Advertisement in records penned by Wei Tai from the Track Dynasty. The identify with the sport of this historical golfing sport is unfamiliar pattaya golf. A person interpretation says that his video game of golfing involved placing the ball until it arrived at a certain aim marked around the ground.
This graphic would seem to point its acceptance. This medieval golf recreation originated in a type of follow indulged by hurley gamers in areas which they visited to play an ‘away match. This painted glass window was created within the thirteenth century. Other interpretations mention that this game of golf was a contest concerning opponents with just one attacking and a person defending. Amongst these game titles was called Cambuca in England during the 1300s. It was a ball and club activity that is certainly similar to modern-day golfing. Golf is often a well-liked sport for younger and previous and for gamers with rich and middle class backgrounds. The Egyptians almost certainly introduced this historical video game of golfing on the Mediterranean location which was a flourishing marketplace. In accordance to official information, golf originated throughout the 1400s from the video game performed over the North Japanese cost of Scotland.
Nonetheless, the grass variation dominated mainly because the climates of equally international locations were being and even now is pretty gentle. The term golfing originated from an alteration from the Middle Dutch time period colf or colve (a adhere or possibly a bat sport named kolven). Chui implies hitting and wan indicates modest ball in Chinese. Essentially the most exciting truth with regards to the recreation of Chuiwan is the fact the principles of the recreation are pretty much similar to modern day golfing. From the Canterbury cathedral, there is a painted glass window where a boy is is usually found keeping a curved stick in a single hand in addition to a ball during the other. It is actually not likely a activity in the ‘working class. However, there is certainly strong historic evidence that golfing originated in China. On the list of earliest mentions of golf dates back to Center Egypt in 2600 BC. Later, the Romans known as the game of golf paganica or paganicus which was pretty well-liked. But it has long been represented in illustrations or photos in the Tomb of Kheti. It possibly turned the ancient root of many other athletics played with sticks (or clubs) and balls. Every one of these golfing video games in England and Eire (in which it was called camanachd) have already been played on both of those grass and ice. Golfing was then exported to Europe in the 12th and thirteenth generations by Mongolians. The ancient Greeks also adopted this historic video game of golf. In the book ‘History of Golf’ penned by Robert Browning in 1955, it can be prompt that golfing is definitely an offshoot in the Celtic/Gaelic activity known as hurley. The sport the boy was enjoying was termed Bandy. Like Paganica, this medieval golf match was played by using a bent club and that has a leather ball stuffed with feathers.
Professor Ling Hongling, argues which the Chinese precursor of golfing was termed Chuiwan. The Roman Empire as well as Romans introduced their version of historic golfing to North of Italy and Northern Europe.
Nevertheless, some activity historians advised that golf progressed from earlier sports involving a ball in addition to a club in Europe along with the entire Mediterranean basin. This match dates again to 943 Ad in documents created by Wei Tai from the Song Dynasty. The title of the activity of the historical golf activity is mysterious. One interpretation claims that his game of golf involved hanging the ball until eventually it attained a certain goal marked around the floor.
This picture would seem to point its recognition. This medieval golfing video game originated within a form of apply indulged by hurley players in sites which they frequented to enjoy an ‘away match. This painted glass window was designed during the 13th century. Other interpretations mention that this sport of golfing was a competition concerning opponents with just one attacking and one particular defending. Considered one of these game titles was termed Cambuca in England inside the 1300s. It had been a ball and club activity that is certainly similar to modern-day golfing. Golfing can be a well known sport for youthful and aged and for gamers with rich and middle class backgrounds. The Egyptians in all probability introduced this historical recreation of golf on the Mediterranean spot which was a flourishing market. According to official documents, golfing originated over the 1400s from the activity played about the North Eastern charge of Scotland.
Nevertheless, the grass model dominated mainly because the climates of both nations around the world were and still is relatively delicate. The time period golf originated from an alteration of the Middle Dutch phrase colf or colve (a stick or simply a bat game named kolven). Chui signifies hitting and wan means small ball in Chinese. Probably the most interesting reality regarding the activity of Chuiwan is the fact the foundations of the match are virtually identical to modern day golf. Within the Canterbury cathedral, you will find a painted glass window wherein a boy is could be witnessed holding a curved stick in a single hand and a ball while in the other. It is probably not a activity in the ‘working course. However, there may be solid historical evidence that golfing originated in China. On the list of earliest mentions of golfing dates back again to Center Egypt in 2600 BC. Afterwards, the Romans referred to as the game of golf paganica or paganicus which was pretty common. But it really has become represented in images in the Tomb of Kheti. It almost certainly turned the traditional root of quite a few other sports activities performed with sticks (or golf equipment) and balls. All these golfing games in England and Ireland (exactly where it was known as camanachd) are performed on both equally grass and ice. Golf was then exported to Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries by Mongolians. The ancient Greeks also adopted this historic video game of golfing. Within the guide ‘History of Golf’ written by Robert Browning in 1955, it is recommended that golfing is undoubtedly an offshoot in the Celtic/Gaelic game called hurley. The game the boy was participating in was termed Bandy. Like Paganica, this medieval golf game was performed with a bent club and using a leather-based ball full of feathers.


The chief town of the Region is between the provinces of Foggia and Brindisi. The plains stretch almost entirely along the coast and only briefly touch upon the Murgia Barese. The town is in the shape of a bird with open wings, whose head forms the nucleus of Bari Vecchia, the old town.
Bari was annexed to the Roman Empire in the third century before Christ and over the ages was an Arab Emirate and conquered by Longobards, Bizantines and Saracens. Once the base of the Roman Empire’s fleet for the Orient, the urban structure of the old town is arranged around the catapan court. After the remains of Saint Nicholas were stolen and the homonymous Basilica was built, Bari became a major centre of Christianity and a convenient place the Crusades could leave from and return to from the Orient.
Ruled by Normans, Angevins, Aragons and the Spanish, the town first expanded outside of the old one in 1813 when work started on the new town.
Important monuments in town include the Basilica of San Nicola, housing the remains of the patron saint, the Romanesque basilica of San Gregorio, the Cathedral of San Sabino and Bari’s Norman-Swabian Castle, built on the orders of Frederick II for purposes of defence.
Places not to be missed in the old part of town are the piazza Mercantile and the Colonna infame, once used as a pillory for insolvent debtors. More modern buildings also worth a visit are Teatro Petruzzelli, Teatro Margherita, Palazzo Fizzarotti and the library of Santa Teresa dei Maschi. There are also many churches on the reefs and hypogeums cut out of the rock and subsoil.
These include: the church on the reefs of Saint Candida, the temple of Saint George and the hypogeum of Madio Diana, the “Jewish” hypogeum. Museums worth a visit: the Archaeology Museum, the Provincial picture gallery, the Civic History museum and the Botanical Gardens Institute.
Definitely worthy of mention are the historic districts, the so-called “Old Bari”, surrounded by the majestic Lungomare Imperatore Augusto – or Emperor Augustus seafront - and the splendid Piazza del Ferrarese.
The views from behind the port are lovely, including the characteristic Piazza San Pietro, the monastery of Santa Scolastica, the buildings of the archconfraternity of San Luca and the Svevo Castle. Important events include the festivities of Saint Nicholas, the patron saint of the town, between the 7th and 9th of May, and the exhibitions at the Levante Fair in the building constructed in the 1930s.
Source: "Apulia's Official Tourism Portal"


Sunshine gay dreams
voices of the gay community
William Way Community Center | Philadelphia, PA
Over the course of one semester, I conceptually developed and designed an exhibition that centered on a specific facet of Philadelphia history. My concept featured the audio recordings of the first radio broadcast dedicated purely to the gay experience in the 1970s and 80s. The exhibition became a multisensory experience that was anchored by the audio recordings and centered them within major moments in Philadelphia queer culture. The actual voices of this historic time led the core narrative of the exhibition, and highlighted its contemporary qualities of pride, action, and support.


Chechens often say: “I’m with Chechnya against Russia. I’m with my teip againstIs it possible to bring peace to Chechnya by dividing it into several parts? I don’t think so. The structure of the Chechen society doesn’t permit establishing a stable nation state in the present-day meaning of the word. Modern nation states are characterized by more stability inside its borders in comparison with more unstable relations with outside neighbors. The US and Mexico can live as perfect states side by side but making Mexico a new state would bring too much chaos. The Chechen society consists of several mighty clans that include more than a hundred teips. And every teip in its own turn can include hundreds of families. The most stable element in the Chechen society is teip but it’s unimaginable to establish a hundred independent countries each averaging from 500 to 40 000 people. It’s unimaginable in the modern world but only two hundreds years ago two thirds of the world’s population was living that way. The Medieval Europe was nothing but a bunch of such “countries” and that was quite natural. Present-day Afghanistan is nothing but a loose “union” of dozens of different clans with a symbolic president at the head. (Does anyone really believe in democratic elections in Afghanistan?) The same could be said about many African countries.
Chechnya. I’m with my family against my teip. I’m with my brother against my
family. I’m against my brother.”
In the times of the USSR Chechnya was also such a “union” of family clans but they managed to keep stability. The Soviet officials turned the blind eye on this as long as Chechens pretended to follow all Soviet rituals. Chechens pretended to be exemplary Soviet citizens and Moscow pretended they didn’t notice that Chechnya was ruled according to medieval laws of the mountains. The first Chechen War (1994-1996) destroyed this culture when, for example, elders of the clan were supreme judge or when vendettas were mostly settled by negotiations. I strongly doubt that old traditions would return to Chechnya. So the old medieval system of checks and balances between clans is non-existent, but stability could be found only within any given clan. There’s no way to build a nation state out of Chechnya and there’s also no way to make an Afghanistan-type “union”. Chechnya de facto independance in 1996-1999 proved it without doubt.
No hope. No future. No light at the end of the tunnel.


Did you know the zipper wasn't patented until 1917?
Did you know that pale skin during the Elizabethan era was considered beautiful by the upper class? Women would paint veins on their neck to give the impression they had pale, thin skin. A mixture of white lead and vinegar, or egg white and talc was used to whiten their skin.
A Chatelaine was a woman's first pocketbook or purse. It was a chain pinned onto women's clothing and held the key to her house if she was the mistress, and other things she would need for the day, like glasses, scissors, or sewing thimble.
The hoop skirt was first introduced by the Queen of Spain to hide her pregnancy.
Hoop skirts were discontinued because women didn't know they were on fire if they were next to the hearth. They couldn't get through doorways, and took up the whole settee when sitting down.
Special fashion and historical programs are available for a fee. Find out more interesting fashion facts.


A Brief history of Birch Freeman High School
Birch Freeman High School, a Methodist Secondary School for boys, resumed in full session for the first time on the premises of the Methodist Primary School, Obele-Lawanson, in 1958.
The Federal Ministry of Education disclosed its intention to build a Secondary School for boys on a vast expanse of land behind the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba. The land, an isolated and marshy area, was over 8 acres in land mass.
The Methodist Mission
The Methodist Mission gladly took up the challenge and named the new school Birch Freeman High School, Surulere. The school was inaugurated on 6th February 1960 but lectures only commenced with the first set of 55 boys in 1961 under Chief D.S.O Soremekun (the First acting Principal).
Federal Ministry of Education
At that time, the Federal Ministry of Education had started to erect building on the site with a view to opening the school in January 1961. The synod education committee of January 1960 had received the report with pleasure and appointed Mr M. J. Etuk B.Sc (Vice Principal of the Methodist Boys High School, Lagos) as the Principal-designate.
Mr. Etuk had since left for the United States of America for further studies. Before his departure, Mr. Etuk and the education Secretary mutually agreed that a working committee be set up and that the permission of the ministry of Education be sought for Chief D.S.O Soremekun to act as principal in Mr. Etuk’s absence.
The first Principal left the school in 1968 to become Nigeria High Commissioner to Uganda.The history of the school cannot be complete without mentioning names of those who made selfless contributions. They worked wholeheartedly for the existence and greatness of the school.
- Late Rev. H. Shodipo: the first President of Lagos Diocese and the prominent member of the Methodist Governing Board. His untiring effort and that of his supportive team gave birth to the establishment of Birch Freeman High School.
- Mr. Roland Hughes: the Methodist Education Secretary, also played a prominent role in the establishment of Birch Freeman High School.
- Late Mr. Aja Nwachukwu MP: Federal Minister of Education who unveiled the plaque to open the new school in April 1962.
- Late Chief D.S.O Soremekun: the first acting Principal and later the school Bursar. A born teacher, an encouraging leader, caretaker and father of the school. He devoted so much of his energy, life time and substance to the success story of the school.
- Late Mr. M.J. Etuk: the first Principal of the school. A great disciplinarian, an intellectual workaholic, devoted teacher and an embodiment of knowledge.
- Late Pa Ogunyomi (Baba Latin): a teacher, disciplinarian, builder and a motivator. He never believed in impossibilities. He was responsible for the construction of the first motorable road into the school from the Surulere-end.
- Mr. Ron Harry White (A Briton): the second principal, a Botanist and an ardent Scripture Union Member. His Holy spirit-filled life contributed to the high level of Spirituality among the boys. A man of high initiative and fine discipline. During his tenure as Principal, the school made its caps, ties and blazers in Britain.
- Mr. Ademola Olaleye: the third Principal and an Arts master. A born teacher, articulate and the first head tutor whose immense contributions brought the school to limelight at so short a time.


In January of 2004, a group of residents interested in preserving the history of Randolph and East Randolph New York met to form the Randolph Historical Society. The idea quickly took off. At the end of the first year we boasted 154 charter members. We continue to be very active in working toward the goals of our society as well as participating in many commnunty events.
We welcome new members


Episode 1: The Etheridge Family
Brackley Hall was a fine old place in the lovely country of Devon and had been in the possession of the Etheridges for centuries.
The park was beautifully wooded, and stretched down on one side to the coast, commanding in all directions the most enchanting views.
Mr. Etheridge was a man of some forty years of age, of singularly handsome appearance, and bore evident traces of the Italian blood which flowed in his veins. He had the appearance of a man having strong amorous passions, but his manners were as gentle as those of a woman, and he was universally popular throughout the whole county.
His wife was a woman of unusual beauty. Descended from an old Spanish family, she had married when but sixteen years of age; Mr. Etheridge having met her at the house of some friends, and as they mutually fell in love with each other, their united entreaties overcame the objection raised on account of her youth, and in fact the warm blood that flowed in her veins had ripened her beauty to an extent almost unusual in those of more phlegmatic races.
She was now in her thirty-fifth year, and in the full zenith of her charms. An exquisitely shaped head graced a neck and shoulders white as alabaster, large liquid eyes, and long drooping lashes, a nose of perfect form, and two ruby pouting lips that seemed made to be kissed.
Her form was magnificent, of commanding height, widely spreading hips, and a bosom of massive proportions, the firmness of which rendered stays entirely unnecessary; a fact that was evident on watching the rise and fall of those two lovely globes, their form being perfectly defined even to the nipples, beneath her well-fitting dress.
Her glance was electric, and it was impossible to meet her look unmoved, she exhaled an atmosphere of voluptuousness of the most maddening force.
Her daughter Ethel, who had left school in Paris but a few months, was the very counterpart of her lovely mother in her leading features. She had just completed her seventeenth year, and was of tall, graceful stature, with a perfect figure. The smallness of her waist contrasted perfectly with the ravishing fullness of bosom and wideness of hips. She had the liquid eyes of her mother, but they were suffused with a humidity that was perfectly maddening, and the expression of every feature of her lovely face and palpitating form spoke of a warmth of temperament and lascivious abandon that would have tempted an anchorite.
In the year 18, Ethel's brother, Frank, finished his education in Germany.


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On 23 March 2020 the Stay Home directive was announced and life changed for everyone in Northern Ireland, and across the world, as we collectively fought to control the COVID-19 virus.
Stay Home Memories project
As the Official Archive for Northern Ireland, Public Records Office NI will archive and record activities that took place during the Stay Home directive. It is also important that PRONI is able to collect, preserve and make available the experiences of as many members of our community as possible, and for this they need help.
Record keeping is vital to our understanding of the past, and the present. In recent years PRONI has been able to investigate and understand events around the Decade of Centenaries because of the historical records that were kept and it’s important that we collect information now for researchers of the future.
PRONI has launched the Stay Home Memories project to gather information on the lives of the people of Northern Ireland and how the pandemic effected everything from work and education to shopping and family and social life.
There are three ways that you can participate in the Stay Home Memories project:
Stay Home Census, Stay Home Web Archive and the Stay Home Diaries.
If you would like to know more about this once in a lifetime project, please visit NI Direct at https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/stay-home-memories
You can also email email@example.com if you would like to contribute to the Stay Home Archive.


In the vast galaxy of tattoo designs, tribal tattoos hold a unique place, enshrined for their timeless charm and deep roots in various cultures. Embarking on our body art journey for today, we kick off your imagination into a world where lines, shapes, and intricate patterns tell stories much larger than themselves. We’re about to delve deep into the rich tapestry of tribal tattoos – exploring their diverse designs, decoding their profound meanings, and understanding their cultural significance. So brace yourself as we stride into the alluring wilderness of these captivating symbols that carry traditions on human canvas!
Origin and Historical Significance of Tribal Tattoos
Tribal tattoos have a rich history that dates back thousands of years. These tattoos are deeply rooted in the cultures and traditions of ancient tribes across the world. For many tribes, tattooing was not simply a form of body art but held significant cultural and spiritual importance. The origin of tribal tattoos can be traced to different regions, each with its unique designs and meanings.
Ancient Tribes and Their Tattoo Traditions
One tribe known for their remarkable tattoo traditions is the Maori people of New Zealand. Maori tattoos, or moko, hold great cultural significance as a way to convey one’s genealogy, social status, and personal identity. These intricate facial tattoos were crafted using chisels made from bone or shark teeth, and the designs varied based on gender, age, and societal position.
Moving across continents, we find the Ainu people of Japan who have a long-standing tradition of tattooing. Ainu men often adorned their arms with elaborate geometric patterns symbolizing strength and protection. For women, facial tattoos called lips moustache were common and represented beauty and maturity.
In Southeast Asia, the Mentawai tribe from Indonesia practices tattooing as a rite of passage for both males and females. Intricate designs covering large portions of the body are believed to protect against evil spirits. The Mentawai people see these tattoos as a way to connect with their ancestors and ensure harmony within their community.
These are just a few examples of the diverse ancient tribes worldwide who incorporated tattoos into their cultural practices. Each tribe had its unique motifs, techniques, and purposes behind their tattoo traditions.
Imagine being transported back in time, observing these ancient tribes meticulously etching significant symbols onto their skin, unifying their communities and preserving their cultural heritage.
Rise in Popularity of Tribal Tattoos
Tribal tattoos have experienced a significant rise in popularity over the years, captivating the attention of tattoo enthusiasts and artists alike. The allure of tribal designs lies in their rich cultural history, bold aesthetics, and deep symbolism. What was once exclusive to indigenous tribes and served as markers of identity and status has now become a global phenomenon embraced by individuals from diverse backgrounds. People are drawn to the raw beauty and timeless appeal of tribal tattoos, seeking to express their own unique stories and connection to ancient cultures.
From celebrities proudly showcasing their tribal ink on red carpets to everyday individuals adorning their bodies, tribal tattoos have become a powerful form of self-expression. This surge in popularity can be attributed to various factors such as increased awareness and appreciation for different cultures, the desire for meaningful symbols that reflect personal journeys, or even pure aesthetic attraction. Tribal tattoos hold a certain allure that transcends boundaries and resonates with people on a deeply personal level.
Just like how fashion trends come and go, tattoo styles also ebb and flow in popularity. However, the enduring appeal of tribal tattoos is reminiscent of classic wardrobe staples that never go out of style – they remain constant reminders of strength, heritage, and individuality.
Various Styles and Their Cultural Roots
The world of tribal tattoos is vast and diverse, encompassing an array of captivating styles rooted in different cultures around the globe. Each style carries its own distinct aesthetics and cultural significance, allowing individuals to choose designs that resonate with their personal identities or tell stories beyond themselves.
To provide a glimpse into some popular tribal tattoo styles and their cultural roots:
|Maori||New Zealand||Known for intricate geometric patterns and spirals representing life’s journey|
|Polynesian||Pacific Islands||Characterized by bold black lines, enchanting symbols, and intricate patterns|
|Celtic||Europe||Features interwoven knots, crosses, and spirals symbolizing eternity and connection to nature|
|Native American||North America||Embraces various tribal motifs such as feathers, animals, and spiritual elements|
|Aztec||Mesoamerica||Showcases detailed designs inspired by ancient Aztec civilization’s mythology and history|
These are just a few examples of the rich tapestry of tribal tattoo styles available. By exploring the cultural roots behind different designs, individuals can connect with traditions that span centuries and honor the heritage from which these striking tattoos originated.
- The world of tribal tattoos is a vast and diverse array of captivating styles rooted in different cultures around the globe. Each style carries its own distinct aesthetics and cultural significance, allowing individuals to choose designs that resonate with their personal identities or tell stories beyond themselves. By exploring the cultural roots behind different tribal tattoo designs, individuals can connect with traditions that span centuries and honor the heritage from which these striking tattoos originated.
Symbolism in Tribal Tattoo Designs
Tribal tattoos have a deep-rooted connection to culture and history, and their designs often carry significant symbolism. Each element incorporated into a tribal tattoo design can hold multiple meanings, which vary depending on cultural traditions and personal interpretations. Understanding the symbolism behind these designs will provide insight into the wearer’s values, beliefs, and ancestry.
To illustrate, let’s explore some common symbols found in tribal tattoos:
|Maori Koru||Represents new beginnings, growth, and harmony|
|Polynesian Sun||Signifies leadership, power, and positive energy|
|Aztec Calendar||Reflects the concepts of cycles, time, and destiny|
|Native American Feather||Symbolizes spirituality, freedom, and courage|
These examples merely scratch the surface of a vast range of symbolic interpretations found within tribal tattoo designs. The intricacy lies not only in the visual aesthetics but also in understanding the cultural context from which they originate. Therefore, it’s essential to approach tribal tattoos with respect for their meaning and significance.
Understanding Common Shapes and Elements
Tribal tattoos often incorporate specific shapes and elements that contribute to their distinctive aesthetic appeal. These elements are deeply rooted in ancient traditions passed down through generations. Understanding these shapes and elements provides valuable insights into the cultural significance behind each tattoo design.
Elements such as arrows, feathers, animals, waves, or flames are commonly found in tribal tattoos. Each element holds its own meaning: an arrow might symbolize strength or direction; a feather could embody freedom or spirituality; animals symbolize specific traits or characteristics associated with them in various cultures.
Additionally, geometric shapes like circles, triangles, or spirals contribute to the overall design and hold symbolic representations. For instance, circles often represent unity or the cycle of life, while triangles might symbolize balance or transformation.
By studying these shapes and elements, we can gain a deeper understanding of the cultural significance within tribal tattoos. It allows us to appreciate the rich history and diverse meanings associated with each design.
The Great Debate: Tradition vs Aesthetics in Tribal Tattoos
Tribal tattoos have a rich history deeply rooted in cultural traditions of indigenous communities around the world. They are often seen as a powerful expression of identity, heritage, and belonging. However, a modern reimagining of tribal tattoos has emerged, focusing more on their aesthetics rather than their cultural significance. This evolution has sparked a great debate among tattoo enthusiasts and artists – tradition versus aesthetics.
On one hand, proponents of tradition argue that tribal tattoos should honor and respect the cultures from which they originated. They believe that these tattoos hold deep meanings and symbolism that should not be diluted or taken lightly. Tribal tattoos were traditionally used to convey one’s social status, accomplishments, or spiritual beliefs within their community. For example, the Maori tribe in New Zealand would tattoo intricate designs known as “moko” to tell the story of an individual’s ancestry and cultural heritage. Adhering to tradition ensures that the integrity of the tattoo is preserved and respects the cultural context from which it emerged.
On the other hand, those who prioritize aesthetics argue that tribal tattoos can evolve beyond their traditional roots to become visually stunning works of art. They appreciate the bold lines, intricate patterns, and symmetrical designs that define tribal tattoos. For them, it is more about how the tattoo looks on the skin rather than its specific cultural meaning. Many artists use elements inspired by tribal designs to create unique compositions tailored to individual clients’ preferences. By blending traditional motifs with contemporary styles or incorporating different cultural influences, they strive to create visually striking tattoos that captivate and express personal stories.
It is important to recognize that both perspectives hold merit and contribute to the ongoing dialogue surrounding tribal tattoos. While honoring tradition ensures cultural respect and preservation, embracing aesthetics allows for artistic innovation and personal self-expression.
Ultimately, there is no right or wrong answer in the debate between tradition and aesthetics. It often comes down to personal preference and individual motives for getting a tribal tattoo. Some may choose to prioritize cultural significance, seeking to connect with their heritage or pay homage to a particular tribe. Others may opt for a purely aesthetic approach, appreciating the visual impact of tribal designs on their bodies. The decision should ultimately reflect one’s values, beliefs, and intentions behind acquiring such a meaningful and permanent form of body art.
Whether you lean more towards honoring tradition or emphasizing aesthetics, tribal tattoos continue to be a captivating form of self-expression. They serve as a reminder of the diverse cultures that inspire us, while also allowing for artistic exploration and personal storytelling. As with any tattoo, it is essential to thoroughly research and understand the design’s cultural origins, meanings, and implications before making a final decision. Only through this understanding can we truly appreciate the beauty and significance of tribal tattoos in our contemporary world.