America's Muslim Brotherhood And Mahdi Akef - EWI EXCLUSIVE | by J. Millard Burr
Friday, January 4th, 2013 @ 11:18PM
“To Hell with Anyone who Does Not Accept Islamic Rule,” Mahdi Akef, Cairo, 11 August 2012, MEMRI, 15 August 2012)
From the founding of the Muslim Student Association in 1963 until 9/11/2001 the US government paid little attention to the international Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan al-Muslimun) and its various arms active in the United States. Given that lack of interest it was quite easy for major Ikhwan figures to visit or even live in North America without being noticed.
One example was Muhammad Mahdi Othman Akef (1931- ). This Muslim Brother powerhouse, who was placed under constant surveillance for more than a half-century while residing in Egypt, found the freedoms of movement and speech in the United States much to his liking.
After joining the Ikhwan in 1948 Akef had soon graduated to become a member of its “Secret Apparatus, a special section, involved in assassinations. He was later sentenced to death following the attempted assassination of Egypt’s President Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1954. His death sentence was eventually commuted to twenty years in prison, which time he served.
Akef moved to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 1974, from where he served as an official in the World Assembly of Muslim Youth (WAMY).
Founded at Riyadh in 1972, WAMY had been sponsored by King Faisal. It was one of a basket of organizations to receive Saudi royal family sponsorship. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has constantly claimed that Saudi organizations, including WAMY, Al Haramain charity, and the Muslim World League (MWL), act independently of the government. Such claims are false;
while carrying the title of nongovernmental organization (NGO), their operations are overseen by various Saudi ministries, including the Ministry of Education, and its Department of Islamic Education.
In Saudi Arabia Akef was given significant responsibility, and for years he was reportedly being placed in charge of WAMY youth camps – including camps founded in North America and conferences held throughout the world.
Despite the years spent in jail, it was thanks to his relationship with WAMY that Akef next surfaced in Germany. Settling in that safe haven, he was already included among a small inner circle of Ikwhan leadership. He was so important that while administering the Munich Islamic Center from 1984 through 1987, “visiting statesmen from the Muslim World visited the Munich mosque to pay respects to the world’s most powerful Islamic organization.” And after his Islamiche Gemeinschaft moved to Cologne, he saw to it that the Egyptian brother Ibrahim al-Zayat would served as administrator and that the close ties to the World Assembly of Muslim Youth and to Muslim youth organizations throughout Europe would continue. (Ian Johnson, “The Beachhead,” The Wall Street Journal, 12 July 2005.)
The more radical German mosques, e.g., Aachen, Munich, Cologne, Hamburg, etc., would later serve as safe havens for Islamist fundamentalists and mujahideen active in the war in Afghanistan. Cardinal Ratzinger — now Pope Benedict XVI — served as Archbishop for Cologne and Munich from 1977-1981 and was certainly aware that Muslim centers were used to support radical groups involving Kurds, Turks, Pakistanis and Arabs. Mosques were used to collect alms (zakat) for jihadist causes, and the Turkish Party of Prosperity (Refah), an organization with ties to the international Muslim Brotherhood collected the annual zakat tithe from Germany’s Turkish residents. As Cardinal Ratzinger continued his progression within the Catholic Church he was almost assuredly aware of the activity of Muhammad Mahdi Othman Akef, who would continue his move up the Ikhwan ladder after being named the Ikhwan’s Controller General.
Beginning in the late nineteen eighties Akef was particularly concerned with Ikhwan activity in the United States. Thus, when Akef arrived in America in 1992 the Ikhwan leader was on an important mission. Steve A. Johnson would later write an informative article on the Ikhwan in America just as the future role of the organization was about to be decided. (See Johnson, “Political Activity of Muslims in America,” The Muslims of America, Oxford, 1991.) It was a time when the movement’s progressives wanted the organization to expand and take a more direct part in the political system. The more traditional Muslims, and those in the majority, opposed opening the Ikhwan to secular influences that surrounded Muslims in America. In particular, it involved those who sought to open the powerful Islamic Society of North America to a variety of political and social influences — a decidedly secular point of view — or limit both its membership and its aims. In the first case the Muslims of South Asia took the lead; in the latter, the Ikhwan “isolationists” were determined to limit membership, both to the progressives and to the emerging body of radical Salafists. The isolationists were determined to employ the secrecy practiced by the Brotherhood in North America, Europe and the Middle East.
Johnson concluded his essay thusly: “It remains to be seen how Muslims and Islamic organizations will deal with the serious problems of increasing fragmentation, growing indigenous immigrant rifts, financial problems [etc.,].”
Unknown to Johnson, Mahdi Akef would play the dominant role the organization would take. He did so because his Ikhwan credentials were impeccable. After his years in jail, and his work in Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Germany, he had been made a member of the Guidance Council of the Brotherhood in 1987. That same year he was named to the People’s Assembly that comprised 35 leaders of the Ikhwan al-Muslimun community. It was also rumored that at the time Akef arrived in America he was serving as head of the Ikhwan’s very secret International Department — an entity that Soviet intelligence claimed had been created in 1982 and lasted until Akef was named General Guide (murshid) of the Ikhwan in 2004.
Akef’s successful activity in North America was made possible with the resolution of the dangerous rift within the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA). ISNA was a spinoff of the Ikhwan-sponsored Muslim Student Association, the first Ikhwan-dominated organization in North America founded in 1963. When the ISNA split could not be resolved, the Muslim American Society (MAS) was created. The MSA was created only after “a contentious debate among Brotherhood members,” apparently over whether the Ikhwan should enlarge its membership to include Muslims who were not Ikhwan. A second problem was whether to operate openly or operate semi-clandestinely. The latter problem was particularly problematical because of the revolutionary role played by the HAMAS organization, an Ikhwan chapter, newly created in Gaza; the arrest of terrorist Nasser Hidmi in Israel had just surfaced activity of a secret knot of HAMAS activists operating in the United States.
Akef — often called a man who preferred vacillation to confrontation — apparently acted true to form and sought to square the circle, urging both more openness and substantial secrecy. However, the MAS would only achieve that contradictory goal after Mohammed Elkadi was forced from a leadership position in the Ikhwan. Elkadi had directed the ISNA operation since 1984, and had instituted an energetic outreach (dawaa) program. In addition, as president of the North American Islamic Trust, he had established a series of mosques whose financial underpinning was provided by Saudi Arabia.
Unfortunately for Elkadi, in 1979 he borrowed $2.4 million from an Ikhwan-dominated Luxembourg bank managed his father-in-law, the famed Ikhwan economist Abu Saud. He had used the money to build a Florida complex in which was found his medical clinic, a mosque, and a school. When his business failed, the Luxembourg bank had to take over the property. In turn, Elkadi himself was investigated by the Florida Board of Medicine and found guilty of malpractice, and in 1992 his licence was revoked.
The Ikhwan wanted Elkadi to step down, but the Brother balked. And this was yet another reason for the arrival of Mahdi Akef in the United States. (Elkadi died in Florida on April 11, 2009. A favorable obituary appeared in Islam Online, a website overseen by Qatar based and Egyptian cleric Yusuf al-Qaradawi, then and now the spiritual leader of the Muslim Brotherhood).
Under Akef’s quiet leadership the debate about the Muslim Brotherhood presence in the United States was resolved with the creation of the Muslim American Society. While working with American Muslims, at no time did Akef attempt to disguise his Ikhwan relationship; indeed, he openly admitted to his American cohorts and “other Ikhwanis” his longstanding ties to the Egypt
center. His presence in the United States and the founding of MAS went unnoticed by the media. Years later, in a 2007 federal court brief submitted in a trial involving terrorist Sabri Benkahla, it was placed on the record that, “MAS was founded as the overt arm of the Muslim Brotherhood in America.”
The MAS itself was incorporated and registered in Illinois in June 1993. Its first Board of Directors included Ikhwan from Michigan, Florida, California, Illinois and Nova Scotia. The MAS subsumed the American Muslim Alliance (AMA) and other of “Ikhwan’s Islamist Institutions,” including the Graduate School of Islamic and Social Sciences (GSISS) of Leesburg, Virginia, and its sister body the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), headquartered in Herndon, Virginia. The IIIT, created by the Ikhwan a decade earlier, was notorious for its published books calling for destruction of Israel. While there is little doubt that from its inception the MAS has served as an arm of the Ikhwan al-Muslimun, and in general its operation remains as much a mystery as the day it was founded.
AKEF RETURNS TO EGYPT
Following the creation of the MAS in America, Akef returned to Egypt where there had been a recent thaw in the Ikhwan’s relationship with Hosni Mubarak’s government. That interlude, however, lasted but for a short time, and in 1996 Akef was charged with administering the Ikhwan’s outlawed International Organization and was sentenced to three years imprisonment.
Released in 1999, Akef was living in Egypt when Dr. Mohammad Hodeibi (1920-2004), the sixth General Guide of what the Times of London called the “vast, secretive conglomerate of mosques, charities, shops, factories, professional guilds and parliamentary factions that make up the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood,” died in office. (“Mohammad Mamoun al-Hodeibi,” The
Times, London, 11 February 2004.)
Hodeibi himself had served from 1996 through 2002 as Ikhwan spokesman for the enfeebled leader Mustapaha Mashur before taking charge himself. The son of an Ikhwan leader, Hodeibi (like Mahdi Akef) began his career as a member of the Ikhwan’s “Secret Army,” and had spent seven years in jail in Egypt. And while he had condemned the 9/11 attacks as “un-Islamic”, he went on to label the US overthrow of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan as “a war on Islam.”
Akef would follow Hodeibi, and he was named Murshid of the Ikhwan al-Muslimun in March 2004. Akef, the General Guide, would reside in Egypt while Ikhwan leaders in other parts of the world would use the title “General Observer.” (It is thought that in North America the director of the Muslim American Society carries that title but never uses it publicly.)
Called by one observer as a “short, friendly man with an elfish smile and big glasses,” Akef was by then perfectly familiar with Ikhwan activity in Europe and America. He was quite the politician and had learned to change his opinions on a moment’s notice depending on the audience and the language employed. Akef was, above all, a political animal determined to bring the Ikhwan into the mainstream of Egyptian politics after a half-century in the wilderness. Aware that the people were tired of Mubarak, and sensing the time for change was at hand, he still moved cautiously.
THE IKHWAN MOVES FORWARD
In November 2004, a meeting of Islamist intellectuals — most of whom were Ikhwan or likeminded individuals — was held in Beirut. That meeting resulted in the distribution of a fourteen point plan that called for the support of jihadists in Iraq, opposition to the United States presence in the Middle East, and a demand for the continued struggle against Israel. And it urged the use of the sharia as “an inspiring element” in the reformation of Muslim political, social and economic systems. It was clear that the Ikhwan was determined to stimulate the growth of Islam in Europe, a region the Brotherhood labeled the Dar al-Islam where the Sharia would eventually
The Beirut conclave coincided with an important gathering of Ikhwan leaders held in the United Arab Emirates. In a surprise move, the Egyptian government (without explanation) allowed Akef to travel there. The Ikhwan conclave of its senior members was called for a number of reasons. There was the reorganization of the Ikhwan’s International Council to consider; in
addition, it was essential that the Ikhwan seek new methods to finance the organization in the wake of its European bank (Al Taqwa) scandal that had badly damaged operations.
At the meeting Akef and Mahmud Izzat, the Ikhwan Secretary, along with the Ikhwan ideologue Sheikh Yusuf Qaradawi and Saudi clerics, a number of resolutions were agreed upon, including the condemnation of the United States and its war in Iraq. A war to be fought against the United States was called a “jihad of self-defense”, and it was a “general duty” of all Muslims to participate, and one that did not require the approval of the “universal leadership” of the Muslim Brotherhood.
The meeting also led to the founding of the World Council of Muslim Clerics (also called the International Association of Muslim Scholars) whose decisions (fatwa) would carry great weight, especially in the Sunni-dominated Muslim world. Despite the presence of Akef, the gathering was Qaradawi’s show, and like it or not Qaradawi was still the most powerful individual in the international movement. For the moment, it would not be Geneva, or Munich or Milan, that would serve as the home of the Muslim Brotherhood’s new International Council. Owing to Qaradawi’s insistence it was placed in Dublin.
In the Western media substantial confusion resulted because of the paucity of information that surfaced following the 2004 meetings. That the center of Islamist intellectual ferment was moved (at least for the time being) to Dublin, Ireland, was quite surprising. Yet, with regard to claims that radicals had taken charge of the Ikhwan, and despite a Newsweek article that headlined, “The End of the Muslim Brotherhood,” the patient’s heartbeat was still strong.(See, M. Isikoff and M. Hosenball, “The End of the Muslim Brotherhood,” Newsweek, 24 November 2004; also see, “Qaradhawi and the World Association of Muslim Clerics: The New Platform for the Muslim Brotherhood.” Global Research in International Affairs Center, PRISM, Occasional Papers Vol. 2, No. 4, November 2004.)
AKEF AT THE HELM
In a 2005 interview with Le Monde reporter Cecile Hennion, Akef was asked if the Ikhwan was “on the same page as the United States.” He responded, “Rumors which suggest that I have been in negotiations with the Americans are lies. When I’m told that the US Ambassador wants to meet with me, I always reply that I am happy to do so on the condition that they respect protocol. That is, that a member of the Egyptian Foreign Ministry is present during any conversation.” (English translation from Le Monde, 27 April 2005.)
In fact, then or later, he was hardly disposed to meet with American diplomats as the Ikhwan’s foreign policy made no allowance for American sensibilities. In 2005, he accused the United States of attacking those who raised questions about the Holocaust.
As for the organization of the Muslim Brotherhood itself, Akef explained in 2005:
“The Muslim Brotherhood is a global movement whose members cooperate with each other throughout the world, based on the same religious worldview – the spread of Islam, until it rules the world. [It is] an all-encompassing Islamic organization, calling to the adoption of the great religion that Allah gave in his mercy to humanity… all the members of the Muslim Brotherhood in the international arena operate according to the written charter that states that Jihad is the only way to achieve these goals…. Ours is the largest organization in the World.” (Interview, Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, London, 2005)
In anticipation of Fall 2005 elections, the first in which a myriad of candidates from a number of parties would participate, the Ikhwan under Akef joined with socialists and the liberal Wafd and Ghad parties to create the National Alliance for Reform and Change, which pressed for political freedoms. The Ikhwan, considered the most powerful of the movements, announced in advance of elections that the organization would not indulge in violence: Akef stated publicly, “No matter how much we are hit, how many of us are thrown in prison, will not be hostile to anybody.” (“Egypt’s Brotherhood rejects violence,” Gulf Times, Doha, Qatar, 30 March 2005.) Instead the Ikhwan led the charge to reform the Egyptian judiciary.
The Ikhwan continued to champion the creation of an Islamic republic based on the sharia, while openly proclaiming its support for democracy, political pluralism and economic development. Their opponents who know the organization quite well argue that the Ikhwan in allying itself with the secular movements was practicing taqiya, the denial of doctrine, a
dissimulation permitted in the name of Islam.
In 2009 Egyptian newspapers reported incorrectly that after a dispute involving various Ikhwan leaders Akef had resigned as the general guide of the Muslim Brotherhood. That claim was almost immediately quashed and the Muslim Brotherhood website stated that Akef would continue to serve as the group’s general guide until elections in January 2010. He would not seek a second term, and thus would be the first Supreme Guide to leave office while still living. His decision created internal wrangling until the Ikhwan finally decided on Mohamed Badei as his successor. Ironically, just as the Egyptian newspapers were reporting that the organization was riven by internal disputes, the eruption of the “Arab Spring” in January 2011 united the organization as it had not been in years.
Akef continues to serve the Ikhwan as a member of the movement’s Shura Council and in recent press reports he has been customarily critical of American foreign policy. It has been said that Akef has not mellowed; rather he is as determined a Brother as he ever has been. From time to time he issues press reports, including some as critical as ever of the United States.
In North America the MAS is now recognized for its willingness to work in conjunction with other Muslim organizations and Muslim leaders in pursuing Islamist goals.
As for the Ikhwan al-Muslimun, it continues to disguise its numerical strength. By 2000 it was reported that MAS had some 10,000 members. Of that number, 1,500 had finished five years of community service while completing a program that included the study of the works of Ikhwan polemicists Banna and Qutb. The MAS sponsors the Islamic American University of Detroit, which has graduated a significant number of teachers and community leaders. Today, the MAS numbers more than fifty chapters across North America. Annually, it holds both national and regional conferences with Muslim Brotherhood notorious international leaders such as Hamas founder Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, who was killed during an Israeli air-raid in March 2004 as speakers. These meetings attract tens of thousands of members of North America’s Muslim organizations.


In the history of Gaelic games in Tramore there were very many ‘valley periods’ when no G.A.A club existed in the town and it was left to the dedication of the Christian Brothers to keep the spark of Gaelic games alight.
A milestone was reached in 1972 when the present Juvenile Club was formed. The founder members were Brother Farrell and the intrepid Dougie Partridge. The first meeting was held in the school staff-room. From that meeting emerged the first Juvenile Committee which was as follows: Brother Farrell, Dougie Partridge, Ray Kehoe, John Flavin, Dessie Nolan, John Walsh (Monmahogue).
In 1973 there was an influx of new blood into the juvenile organisation in Tramore. The likes of Brother Mullally, John Walsh, Denis McCarthy and Roger Barron joined the committee and contributed greatly to the development of the club. John Walsh still continues to be very active in club affairs.
In 1973 the Juvenile Club also ran the U-21 and Minor hurling and football team. The U-21 footballers won the County Title in 1973, the Eastern Title in 1974 and the County Titles in 1975 and 1976.
The Juvenile Club continued to run both age groups until 1978 when they were taken over by the Adult Club Since that time we have had a level of achievement in under age competitions, which is the envy of clubs all over the county. Indeed, our U-14 record is unique both on the local scene and at National level in Feile na nOg where we have represented Waterford on nine occasions, reaching six finals and were champions in 1989 and 1990.
Tramore C.B.S School League 1972
Back Row Left to Right: I. Ryan, T. Power, R. Dunne, T. Taylor, P. Flavin. Front Row Left to Right: T. Power, B. Philips , M. Waters, M. Mulcahy, G. Cunningham
1979 saw our first breakthrough at U-14 level when we won the Eastern Title, only to be narrowly defeated for the County Title, partly due to some injuries to key players. However, our 1980 U-14 team atoned for that near-miss by winning both Eastern and County Titles in fine style and went on to repeat that fine achievement in 1982.Then commencing in 1986 our U-14 footballers won their first of a remarkable five-in-a-row which will probably never again be equaled let alone surpassed.
Priest Road Teams
1991 U21 Champions
2001 U21 Eastern Champions


Binary History Orders
From here you can view you the history of transaction of the binary orders which have been placed for a certain period that belongs to the selected account.The Featureson this section:
- View the Order ID, Symbol, Investmentamount, Type and Profit/loss of your opened orders.
- Click on expand to View detailed information of your Binary order.
- Use the search field to find a specific order.
- Choose the desired period to showcase your Binary history orders, you can choose from 1 Day, 1 Week, 1 Month, 1 Year, and All History or enter a Custom Period.


Bingo is based on the traditional Italian “Lotto” from the 16th century which in turn is based on the even more traditional Chinese “Keno” from more than 2000 years ago. It is a game of luck that was invented in the 30’s of the last century by a salesman who had a lucky hand that not only protected him from the great depression but also created one of the most successful games in the following 80 years.
Edwin S. Lowe from New York was on his way to a meeting in Georgia when he passed a fairground. For some reason, he took a walk over the area which was almost dark already. Only one tent was still illuminated – and full of people. He had a look but could almost not see anything as there were too many people blocking his sight. But he realised that these people were waging money on the appearance of random numbers. To claim their bets, they would place little beans on big number cards. Due to this fact, the operator of the tent called this game “beano”.
He had imported it from a journey through Europe where it was played as a variant of Lotto.
Lowe decided to design his own beano clone and developed the first prototypes of “Bingo”. The name is allegedly based on a test play where one of his friends was so excited about winning a round that she screamed “Bingo” instead of “Beano”.
Later, Lowe engaged a talented mathematician to calculate a formula for producing as many unique bingo cards as possible. It is said that the mathematician went mad over this task. But as we all know today, he succeeded and Bingo is today one of the most commonly played games all over the world.


James Duncan Crone
Geophysicist, BASc, P.Eng
(L) Duncan at Al Dariz in Oman in Early 1970s. (C) Duncan, 1985. (R) Duncan and Peter Lenz
with the Prototype Borehole Pulse EM System.
James Duncan Crone, pioneering Canadian mining geophysicist, explorationist and entrepreneur, passed away on Friday March 4, 2011, in Mississauga at the age of 81. Duncan, known and recognized in the mining and exploration community around the globe, was a very innovative, practical-minded geophysicist who made numerous important contributions to the advancement of mining geophysics and to mineral exploration discoveries during his long career.
Duncan was born in Toronto on August 7, 1929, the oldest of three children.. He attended the University of Toronto, Victoria College, graduating in 1951 with a BASc degree in Mathematics and Physics. Following graduation, he joined the remarkable group of innovative geophysicists working for Newmont in Jerome, Arizona under the legendary Dr. Arthur Brant, which included Harry Seigel and Len Collett (sadly departed only days after Duncan). Here, the practical application of Induced Polarization to mineral exploration was born. Later, with co-operation from Newmont, Duncan would use what he learned in Jerome to build practical I.P. and EM instrumentation which were simple to operate and extremely reliable.
In the early 1950’s Duncan returned to Canada and joined Radar Exploration where he was involved with magnetic, gravity, and vertical loop EM surveys following up early airborne EM surveys for massive sulphide deposits. One of Duncan’s achievements during this time was to successfully apply gravity surveys to distinguish graphite from massive sulphides in the Bathurst mining camp.
In recognition of his abilities and the growing importance of geophysics, Duncan was asked to set up a geophysics department at Noranda Mines, serving as Noranda’s first Chief Geophysicist from 1956 until 1962. Duncan’s focus at that time was to develop practical, portable EM systems that could be used to find near-surface massive sulphides. The JEM (shown in the photograph below) and the Shootback EM method were invented and developed, constituting great improvements over other instrumentation available at that time. The Shootback method was an ingenious way to remove the effects of topography on tilt-angle EM surveys, as shown in the diagrams below. A borehole EM system was also developed during this time at Noranda, but borehole geophysics was a difficult concept to sell to skeptical geologists and mining engineers, as Duncan would later discover.
In 1962, Duncan founded Crone Geophysics Ltd. where the Shootback EM method was further improved and put into production. Duncan’s innovation and inventiveness led him to produce numerous practical and portable instruments such as the CEM (Horizontal Shootback EM with larger coils than the JEM), the VEM (Vertical Loop EM transmitter hoisted on a mast, with tilt-angle CEM receiver), and the RADEM (VLF receiver). These were sold to a worldwide market. Duncan, always close to the action in mineral exploration, was involved with numerous discoveries while consulting for Amoco and Mattagami Lake Mines among others, many of which were based on his picks of priority targets from airborne surveys, and followed-up with his EM instruments.
Crone Geophysics was initially located in a small building in the Six Points area of Toronto, and subsequently moved to a location on Lakeshore Blvd, before moving to a larger combined office/shop building on Wolfedale Rd in 1970 in what was then mostly rural portion of Mississauga. The company and building grew during its 38 years at this location, and the farmer’s fields that once surrounded it are now gone.
In the 1970s, as Induced Polarization became more widely used around the world, Duncan also saw the need for a practical, light-weight, easy to operate IP system. This led to the development of a battery-powered IP transmitter and compact receiver which facilitated shallow IP surveys in difficult and remote locations as well as borehole IP surveys.
Realizing that there was a growing need to look deeper into the earth, and drawing on early instrumentation and research by Newmont, Duncan began to develop borehole and surface time-domain EM equipment, which he named Pulse EM. The original Crone surface Pulse EM system, developed in 1973, was a small, portable, multi-turn loop and an analog receiver which was used initially in the Sultanate of Oman where, serendipitously, the first field test outlined three massive sulphide orebodies. This was the first commercially available surface time-domain EM system in the world, and it was an immediate success. It was soon being used worldwide. The surface Pulse EM gear continued to evolve enabling deeper penetration with larger loops and more power. (Many years later, during his active retirement, Duncan undertook a visit to Oman and the mining operations at the site of the PEM-aided discoveries.)
In 1978, the first commercial Borehole Pulse EM system in the world was produced by Crone Geophysics. The borehole method was initially a very hard sell, but Duncan persevered and after a few successes, such as the discovery of an ore lens at a depth of 950m adjacent to the Corbett Mine near Noranda, Duncan (seen operating an early version in an accompanying photo) managed to convince the skeptics that borehole geophysics was a useful, valuable, practical tool. Today, borehole Pulse EM is an integral part of many exploration programs, and has led to the discovery of many deep massive sulphide orebodies.
In 1990, Duncan sold the assets of Crone Geophysics Ltd. to a renamed company, Crone Geophysics & Exploration Ltd. owned by many of his veteran employees, while continuing as president. After retiring in 1993, Duncan continued an active life, undertaking many ambitious trips to various parts of the world.
Duncan travelling in retirement.
Duncan presented many papers and wrote numerous case histories in his very readable, straightforward style. In 1987 his paper at the MGLS Symposium entitled “Case Histories of Borehole Pulse EM Surveys” won the Best Paper Award. Other awards included the A.O. Dufresne Award from the Canadian Institute of Mining in 1992 “in recognition of his pioneering development and successful application of geophysics to mining exploration over the last forty years”, and the Distinguished Service Award from the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada in 2001 “for his lifetime of work in geophysics and his many important contributions to the advancement of the science.”
Duncan was one of the early members of KEGS and a long-standing member of the SEG. In 2009, Duncan was recognized as a geophysical Pioneer by the Canadian Exploration Geophysical Society and is included in the roster of notable Canadian geophysicists honoured and commemorated by the KEGS Pioneers Scholarship Fund for education in geophysics.
Crone Geophysics moved several years ago to its current larger premises at Meadowpine Blvd, and in the process its Wolfedale Rd building was sold to an evangelical church group, a repurposing that Duncan thought was entirely fitting. In an interesting turn of events (which Duncan would have likely appreciated), his memorial service was held at this location, officiated by the minister who had presided over his most recent marriage. Many of the current and past employees of Crone Geophysics, seen in the accompanying photo, together with old friends, colleagues, and family gathered at Duncan’s service to remember and reminisce about interesting events in the past, and to remark on his modesty and loyalty, and to cite his enduring influence on their careers and his legacy of geophysical innovation. The easy-to-operate and highly reliable
geophysical instruments for practical geophysical surveys developed by Duncan and his dedicated collaborators provided a great service to the exploration industry, contributing to many discoveries, and are his legacy. He will be remembered by many colleagues, associates and friends who were inspired by his ideas, benefited from his innovations and encouragement, and enjoyed his humour, his down-to-earth nature, his generosity of spirit, creativity and entrepreneurial vision, as various participants at his memorial service recounted.
Past and Current Employees at Memorial Service held in the former Crone Geophysics office (now a church).
(L to R: Steve Wang, Gavin Caspersz, Linda Dadd, Heinz Grunenberg, Carmelita Rabanillo,
Colin Millar, Alex Chan, Ken Nurse, Conrad Dix, Bill Ravenhurst)
Duncan is survived by his wife, step-daughter, five children from two prior marriages, as well as fifteen grandchildren and sixteen great-grandchildren.
For those who wish to make a donation in Duncan’s honour, the family has suggested the KEGS Pioneers Scholarship Fund (www.kegsfoundation.org) for geophysics education at Canadian universities.
(L top and bottom) Crone Jem Shootback Method: How Shootback EM Corrects for Topography
and Identifies Conductors. (R) The JEM in Operation.


Review: Nein!: Standing Up to Hitler 1935–1944
by Paddy Ashdown
In Nein! Paddy Ashdown brilliantly brings to life the fascinating histories of the men in the German high command who plotted to bring down Hitler and end the Nazi regime.
There is, as Ashdown points out, a conception in the English-speaking world that very few Germans resisted Hitler, and that those who did resist only did so…


Forward dari milis sebelah:
This paper, which presented at the EARCOME5 in Tokyo, clarifies the history and origin of Japanese lesson study.
Introduced in the late 19th century, two types of public lessons known as “object lesson” and “criticism lesson” became very popular in teacher training. These teacher training approaches transformed into what we now know today as the practice of lesson study.
We recently uploaded an interesting paper by Prof. Makinae to the Chicago Lesson Study Group Website at http://www.lessonstudygroup.net/lg/reading_table.php


From 1999 through 2007, we were in World Cycle 223 – a 7 cycle. 7 cycles are known for cultural advancement, religious events, and treaties. The 2s indicate that both cooperation and conflict were likely. The 3 pretty much guaranteed that there would be some form of cultural advancement.
The events of this period are recent enough that few world history books cover them. It was long enough ago that my own memories are a bit hazy. Thus, I will cover only events that the United States was a major part of during this time. If you have access to information on other events, then go ahead and discover for yourself how those events fit into culture, religion, and treaties (trade deals count here, since they are a form of treaty between two or more countries).
The seminal event of this period is, of course, the attacks of September 11, 2001. This was a universal 3 year, 3 month, and 5 day. The 3s are indicative of culture, but the 5 indicates change. Therefore, we had a change in our cultural mindset on that day. The attacks were carried out by a particularly militant cult that associated itself with Islam. (Please note that most Muslims do not have any wish to be associated with any such cult, just as most Christians do not wish to be associated with any of the more extreme cults in the U.S., though many of those cults associate themselves with Christianity.) Thus, we have both a religious event and conflict. Many changes to the American cultural mindset date back to that event. For example, many news programs started to place more emphasis on events that threaten the safety or security of small groups of people, which in turn led to more parents trying to keep their children as safe as possible – thus, the ‘helicopter parent’ phenomenon.
This event also led the war in Afghanistan, then the war in Iraq. Both of these wars were unusual in how they started. Typically, one nation will declare war on another nation, and then both sides will scramble to find allies as the war tilts in one nation’s favor or another. With these ‘wars’ (though technically they are only considered conflicts), the United States chose to obtain the blessings and cooperation of the member nations of the United Nations. Many of those nations chose to join forces. Rather than shortening either conflict, such cooperation actually protracted both conflicts, as agreements had to be drawn up about who would exit each country when, and how the retreating forces would be protected by those still there. As the adage goes, there were too many cooks in the kitchen.
This is the period in which smartphones and tablet computers started to become ubiquitous. Use of the Internet also skyrocketed. As we numerologists know, the number 7, when applied to the individual, is associated with science and technology (among other things). So it is not a surprise that these technologies were embraced by cultures around the world, or that such technologies in turn wrought cultural change.
If you wish to compare 1999-2007 to previous 7 cycles, the three previous cycles are 1918-1926, 1837-1845, and 1756-1764.


In 1921 Bernard-Albin Gras designed a series of lamps for use in offices and in industrial environments. The Gras lamp, as it was subsequently called, was astounding in its simple, robust and yet very ergonomic design. There are neither screws nor welded joints in the basic form. In 1927, the Ravel company purchased the patent and started production of the Gras lamps.
Bernard-Albin Gras was one of the most innovative designer of the 20th century. The functional esthetic of his lamps and especially the design of details such as those of the arms, stems, brackets and bases were truly original and far ahead of his time. Early on Le Corbusier was seduced by the modern design and user-friendliness of the lamps and became one of Bernard-Albin Gras’s most enthusiastic supporters.
The N204 L 40 was designed to be perfectly functional as a bedside lamp. The ball joint is replaced by a pivot, more suitable for intensive handling in this specific configuration. The N204 L 40 is longer than the N204 to gain more amplitude.


Baghdad is a cultural landscape – a palimpsest that records the passage of life in the cradle of human civilization. Over time that life has been prosperous and at other times it has been painful. There have been waves of construction and destruction that have washed over this site over the course of its history.
The intent with the new built program is to respect the history written in this landscape by touching its ground very lightly. Like a phoenix emerging from the ashes, the Baghdad Design Center the building dances around the ground of the site and rises gracefully and with plasticity over the public space.
The palimpsest courtyard breathes quietly in-between the new building and the old wall. It is intended to remain a place of gathering, a place for life and urban engagement
ArtDirection Drafts Proposals
Proposals for several creative directions. These are rough draft sketches alternatives. As part of exploring the best visual qualities and narratives.


Charles Stewart Rolls 27 August 1877
to 12 October 1910 - 33 years.
Charles Rolls was born at 35 Hill Street, Berkeley
Square, London into a wealthy landed family with much property. In London these
properties derived rents of £46,000 per annum and in addition there were
large estates in Monmouthshire, South Wales. His father, John Allan Rolls, was
a Justice of the Peace and High Sheriff of the County and later became Baron Llangattoch
of the Hendre in August l892. The Hendre is Welsh for Winter Dwelling or main
At the time Rolls was born F. H. Royce was resident in the Old Kent
Road, London and may well have been a tenant of the Rolls' Estates and as he was
a Post Office messenger until September 1877 when he was apprenticed to the Great
Northern Railway, quite possibly delivered congratulatory telegrams to Mrs. Rolls
on the birth of Charles. The Rolls family soon acquired a permanent London address
- South Lodge, Rutland Gate, South Kensington. Rolls attended Mortimer Vicarage
Preparatory School in Berkshire and then Eton until March 1894. He installed a
dynamo at The Hendre and wired part of the house. He crammed to gain entrance
to Cambridge University at Trinity College where he was a keen cyclist and gained
a half Blue in 1896 and made Captain 1897.
In October 1896 he went to Paris
and purchased with his father’s assistance a 3 3/4 hp Peugeot Phaeton -
the first ever car based at Cambridge. He became known as "Dirty Rolls"
and "Petrolls" because of his ‘hands on’ approach. Rolls
graduated in January 1898 with Class II Ordinary Bachelor of Arts degree by Special
Examination in Mechanism and Applied Science, and gained a Master of Arts in 1902.
He was accepted as student member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in February
1898. Rolls spent time in the workshops of London and North Western Railway at
Crewe. He had a reputation for being very careful with money, economical with
food and a very modest intake of alcohol.
CSR made his first balloon flight
on 8 September 1898. This is shown above.
In 1900 Rolls won the 1,000 miles
reliability trial promoted by Lord Northcliffe and organised by his partner, Claude
Johnson, also a founder member and Secretary of the Automobile Club. A picture
of a similar Panhard motor car is shown below.
Above, Claude Johnson.
1903 Rolls established a world land speed record of 93 mph in Dublin driving a
30 hp Mors. This was a French car models of which he imported and distributed.
In 1904, via a mutual friend and another founder member of the Automobile
Club, a Mr. Henry Edmunds introduced Rolls to Royce about 4 May at the Midland
Hotel, Manchester. Edmunds, pictured below, is known as the Godfather of Rolls-Royce
and Claude Johnson The Hyphen in Rolls-Royce.
Rolls-Royce came into being
at Christmas 1904 and from then on the 10 hp cars were so named as they were previously
called Royce cars.
Rolls went to the New York Motor Show to exhibit Rolls-Royce
cars in 1906 and also attended an exhibition organised by the Aero Club of America
and was introduced to the Wright Brothers. This meeting gradually directed Rolls'
interest from balloons to powered flight.
In April 1910 Rolls purchased
the French Wright with a Wright Bariquand engine. It was not Rolls-Royce powered
because Royce, having collapsed at work in 1902, was yet to design a Rolls-Royce
aero engine. This was a tail-less wheel-less model aircraft really of 1909 specification.
Rolls was relieved Rolls-Royce Limited of some duties in January 1910 to pursue
Rolls completed the first double crossing of the Channel
- England/France/England on 2 June 1910 in total flying time 95 1/2 minutes and
is pictured below.
A French built moving tail plane was fitted 10
July 1910 to his Wright plane. On 12 July in a 20 - 25 mph wind he crashed when
tail plane broke at the Bournemouth International Aviation Meeting in celebration
of the town’s centenary. Rolls was the first Briton to die in an aviation
accident. At this time Rolls' exploits had built up such a following in Great
Britain that Lord Montague of Beaulieu interrupted his speech in the House of
Lords to announce the death. Rolls was buried at St. Cadoc’s Church 16 July
1910. Rolls' grave is shown in the following picture:
Henry Royce 1863 to 1933.
In contrast to Rolls Royce, pictured below, described
himself simply as mechanic. came Sir Henry was knighted in 1930 for his part in
success in the Schneider Trophy races with his R engine giving 2,300 HP at 3200rpm.
Royce, Royce’s father came from a family of millers and he married Mary
King at Woodham Ferrers, Essex, on 30 March 1852. She was a farmer's daughter
and the family lived at nearby Edwin's Hall. The family later moved to Alwalton
in Huntingdonshire where James Royce ran a steam and water powered mill but was
he was not noted for his reliability or application and died in 1872 in a poorhouse.
Royce’s early life was hard and left lasting unpleasant memories ever since
his birth the family was in money troubles and before he was four years of age
he was earning money bird scaring near Alwalton. At 10 years old he was selling
newspapers at Clapham Junction in London. He spent a year at school and when he
was 14 was delivering telegrams in Mayfair, London. In September 1877 an aunt
living on the outskirts of Peterborough paid £20 per year for him to be
apprenticed at the local Great Northern Railway works. At this time he lodged
with a Mr. Yarrow from whom he learned machining and fitting and became dexterous
with all hand tools. In his limited spare time he went to evening classes in English
and Mathematics and sold more newspapers.
After 3 years at Peterborough
the aunt was unable to provide further support but Royce quickly found work with
Greenwood and Batley in Leeds as a tool maker. He earned 55 pence for a 54 hour
week. Evening studies rendered him knowledgeable with electricity and he obtained
work with The Electric Light and Power Co. in London. Evening classes again helped
his electrical knowledge and his work impressed Hiram Maxim whose electric light
bulb patents the company acquired. Just before Royce's 21st birthday he was sent
as first electrician to do theatre and street lighting in Liverpool for which
he had full technical responsibility. The work was accepted by the Corporation
in March 1884. There was more trouble for Royce when in May the company failed
but Royce had saved £20 and his friend, A. E. Claremont pictured below,
also with electrical training, had £50 and together they formed F. H. Royce
& Co. electrical engineers and traded from rented premises in Cooke Street,
The company produced small electrical items such as
electric bell sets powered by Leclanche cells, bulb holders with bayonet fitting,
switches, fuses, filaments, probably complete bulbs, and electrical registering
instruments. Profits enabled complete installations, dynamos, motors with sparkless
commutators winches and cranes to be made and they earned a reputation for quality
and reliability. Royce was the technical partner and Claremont dealt with the
sales and business side. In 1893 the partners married the Punt sisters. In 1894
F.H. Royce and Co. became a limited company and by 1899 the share capital was
increased to £30,000 to allow extra works to be built at Trafford Park,
Cooke Street being too small, gantry cranes were built at Trafford Park and one
is still in use at the Derby works.
Opposite Royce’s factory was
that of W. T. Glover, a cable making firm, of which Henry Edmunds, referred to
above, was a director. Royce and Minnie Grace, his wife, lived at Brae Cottage
shown below, Knutsford a house designed by the same architect, Waterhouse, as
designed Manchester Town Hall and many other public buildings.
can be seen above the term cottage was typical of Royce the mechanic’s understatement.
The property was electrically lit including the gardens because his work interfered
with his hobby!
It should be remembered that in 1902 Royce collapsed through
overwork and irregular meals. The extra work of dealing with the erection of the
Trafford Park works and commercial competition from cheap imports had caused Royce
to work too hard and long.
Royce was persuaded to buy a car, after spending
some months in South Africa with his wife’s relatives to recover. A French
10 HP two cylinder Decauville was duly acquired. Royce was dissatisfied with its
quality and reliability and in 1903 obtained, somewhat reluctant, Board permission
to build in Cooke Street three cars of his own design. Royce Ltd. now added Royce
petrol motor cars to its list of products on the firm’s headed notepaper.
The new products were to compensate for business lost as a result of German and
American competition in the electrical field. By September 1903 the twin cylinder
10 HP engine ran for six hours. It was installed in a chassis somewhat similar
to the Decauville except that the engine and gearbox units were isolated from
chassis distortion, the engine had positively opened inlet valves, a single lever
quadrant change for the 3 speed gearbox, steel on bronze bearings replaced steel
on steel and a more efficient radiator was fitted. On 1 April 1904 Royce drove
the first model home for its test without any troubles, largely reflecting his
electrical skills. Henry Edmunds borrowed the car to demonstrate his company’s
Parsons chains in the “Side Slip Trials” driving it on the first day
some 145 miles at average 16.5 mph.
Rolls was to meet Royce in May 1904.
Rolls was, with his manager Claude Johnson, then selling Minerva and Panhard cars,
but wanted a good British car with at least 3 cylinders. Royce and Rolls were
mutually impressed and Rolls agreed to sell all the cars that Royce could make.
By December 1904 Royce was to produce for the Paris Salon 2,3 and 4 cylinder cars
and a 6 cylinder engine. It took until February 1905 for a complete 6 cylinder
car to be at the Olympia Show.
For publicity purposes Claude Johnson entered
Rolls and Northey in two 20 HP cars for the 1905 Isle of Man T.T. Roll’s
gearbox failed on first lap but Percy Northey came second in the race. In 1906
CSR won the Isle of Man T.T. at an average of 39 mph touching 70 mph on some stretches.
Also at that 1904 meeting the shape of the radiator top tank was changed. The
hot water from the top of the cylinders was fed to the middle of the top tank
and had to be spread across the top of the radiator block to travel down it. As
there would be a decreasing amount of water to be accommodated as it moved towards
the sides of the radiator, it was logical progressively to reduce the cross section
of the tank. This maintained a constant water velocity and reduced the amount
of material used in the radiator's construction. Thus technical correctness and
fitness for purpose were the real reasons for the world famous Grecian Radiator.
For similar logic and mechanical perfection the 2 cylinder engine crankshaft
had a centre bearing. The 4 and 6 cylinder engines had groups of the original
twin cylinder block. The 4 cylinder crank form was the well established two 180
degrees twins back to back balancing out primary forces and couples. The 6 cylinder
being probably three twins in a row was very rough running and early attempts
with a light flywheel at the front showed Royce the principle of the Lanchester
crankshaft torsional damper.
Royce did not immediately make use of this
discovery but solved the problem by using two 3 cylinder cranks in mirror image
form about the middle of the engine. This principle was adopted for the 40/50
HP engine producing 48 BHP from 7,036 cc at 1,200 rpm. This the configuration
of the engine in the Silver Ghost AX201 of 1907, pictured later.
was a fully machined heat treated nickel-steel forging, drilled for full pressure
lubrication (about 10 lbs/psi) running in 7 bearings. Grossly oversimplified,
Royce’s obsession with smooth quiet operation using first class materials
to obtain long life, was exemplified in this model that far surpassed its contemporaries.
A dual ignition system was employed a coil for starting and slow running, the
magneto being the main ignition, separate switches permitted this to be done.
Remember Royce was an electrical expert in his day. The gearbox gave 4 forward
speeds with ‘overdrive’ 4th (47 mph per 1,000 rpm). The steering lock
was very good and the car’s weight was taken on fully enclosed oil retaining
thrust ball races.
Rolls-Royce did not produce coach work for their chassis
at this time. In 1904 the 10 HP with a tonneau body cost £395. The entrance
to the passenger compartment was at rear like a dog cart. The Silver Ghost chassis
cost £895 in 1907.
In 1906 Rolls-Royce Limited had been formed absorbing
C.S.Rolls & Company that traded in Conduit Street, London, selling cars and
carriage and upholstery work. An appeal for £200,000 capital was made successful
at the last minute by £10,000 from A. H. Briggs, pictured below, who joined
the new Rolls-Royce Limited Board.
Claude Johnson set up the 15,000
mile trial in 1907 - “We will run our 40/50 Silver Ghost for 15,000 miles
and the RAC shall see to it that we do no tinkering by the way”. There was
just one involuntary stop of 36 seconds to rectify a petrol tap that had shut
off. Complete restoration of the car after the test cost £2.14. The drivers
were C. S. Rolls, Claude Johnson, Eric Platford and Macready.
the 40/50 HP was commercially fine but Cooke Street now with 200 employees was
too small. In 1907 Rolls-Royce in the Autocar of 6 April 1907 stated : “The
location of the new Rolls-Royce works has now been definitely settled. Rolls-Royce
Limited has acquired a considerable tract of land on the Osmaston Estate, Derby.
It is expected that building operations will shortly be commenced.” The
new works at Nightingale Road were officially opened on 9 July 1908.
Montagu of Beaulieu declared the factory open and switched on the electricity.
The opening is shown below:
This event was no doubt arranged by Claude
Johnson who thereby ensured that Rolls-Royce achievements were fully reported
in The Car Illustrated and, as an MP, Lord Montagu would continue to support motoring
interests as he had the 1903 Motor Car Bill raising the speed limit to 20 mph.
The current Lord Montagu is a great motoring enthusiast too! His father was successfully
competing with Rolls in the 12 HP Panhard and in a Daimler in the 1900 1,000 miles
trial. Later, in 1908, Lord Montagu took delivery of a Type 70 a 40/50 with overhead
inlet instead of side valves of which only about five were built. The “Silver
Rogue”, being one of these cars, was the winner of a huge trophy in the
1908 International Trials. In keeping with the horse based practice of naming
of vehicles in those days the Lord’s Type 70 was called “Dragonfly”.
This is shown below:
Charles Sykes was the principle illustrator
for The Car Illustrated and rode with Lord Montagu in “Dragonfly”
during the 10th anniversary run of the 1,000 miles trial. Sykes knew Claude Johnson
by whom he was commissioned to illustrate the Company’s 1910 Catalogue.
One of these illustrations is shown below:
Claude Johnson was pleased
with Sykes' work and in 1911 commissioned him to produce a Rolls-Royce mascot.
Some of those mascots in use at this time were not deemed to reflect suitable
taste for the Best Car In The World.
The Spirit of Ecstasy, pictured
above, represented speed with silence, absence of vibration and the mysterious
harnessing of great energy. "This spirit had selected road travel as her
supreme delight and had alighted on the prow of a Rolls-Royce car to revel in
the freshness of the air and the musical sound of her fluttering draperies”
said Claude Johnson.
Originally Sykes called his sculpture “The Spirit
of Speed”. Some historians suggest that Eleanor Thornton, Lord Montagu’s
secretary, was the model.
Eleanor Thornton is shown above.
lady had previously been secretary, while at the Automobile Club, to Claude Johnson.
She was a career girl in current parlance and a very attractive lady. The mascot
has changed in size over the years and in the period 1932 to 1950 an option of
a kneeling type mascot was available and often used for Wraiths, the first Rolls-Royces
with independent front suspension, and Phantom IIIs.
In 1911 Royce, who
had been on holiday at Overstrand in Norfolk, was taken ill and was operated upon
in Norwich. To recuperate he went to France in August and Claude Johnson, who
had hired nurse Ethel Aubin to tend to Royce on a temporary basis, met him. Having
been given only a few months to live Royce recovered well but was advised to remain
in a warmer climate and follow a more relaxed routine. Claude Johnson had a villa
at Le Canadel and nearby Royce built Villa Mimosa, the bureau for the design office
and Le Rossignal to house the designers on handy.
The idea was to winter
in Le Canadel and spend the summer at “Westwood” in Crowborough. Royce
had a recurrence of cancer of the bowel and in London a colostomy operation. He
and Nurse Aubin returned to Le Canadel but Minnie, Royce’s wife and her
niece, Violet, his adopted daughter, could not get along with Ethel Aubin and
stayed at “Westwood” until 1921. Nurse Aubin stayed with Royce until
the end of his life in 1933 at Elmstead, West Wittering, pictured below:
1911 Royce did not "interfere" by visiting the works, his abrupt dismissal
of staff for less than perfection and continual detail improvement to the vehicles
design hindered production. Royce now had a team that produced design schemes
only, with detailing done at Derby under the direction of R. W. Harvey Bailey
(By), pictured below, who was also well versed in materials’ properties.
three speed London Edinburgh type 40/50 HP had failed to climb an Alpine Pass
in 1912 due to the high gearing employed in the car and the 1 in 3 incline encountered.
The “Best Car In the World” could not be permitted to fail in a test
others passed. Rolls-Royce prestige could not allow this. Therefore in 1913, the
year of the 1,650 mile and 19 Pass Alpine Rally, and James Radley was again driving
the car and in 1913 this time with a four speed box, larger fuel capacity, improved
cooling and various additions to permit starting without opening the bonnet, thereby
breaking the seals. Eric Platford was team manager and No. 2 driver was Ernest
Hives who was Rolls-Royce No. 1 experimental driver.
James Radley was a private entrant but he was involved as part of the team. Radley’s
chassis No. 2260E is believed to survive. Side valve engines, if they were to
remain smooth could not be much further developed, and transmission brakes were
out, being replaced by concentric dual brakes on the rear wheels, torque tube
back axle and better springs as well as the 4 speed box were improvements effected
as a result of Rolls-Royce last formal entry in car racing.
end of its production the 40/50 HP series had servo operated four wheel brakes,
electric lighting and starting and by 1925 a more efficient overhead valve engine
was used in the New Phantom. The Silver Ghost, pictured below, had run its course
and set the standard for 19 years.
From 1906 to 1959 a six cylinder
engine became the norm for Rolls-Royce except for a short time in the late thirties
for the PIII and its V12 configuration. In 1959 a V8 was introduced with the Cloud
II. In normal Rolls-Royce practice this V8 engine has already been improved over
Recent Specification Changes on Rolls-Royce Cars
Introduced in 1981 to replace the Silver Shadow. The car featured
fully automatic airconditioning from the outset.
In 1987 fuel injection
and anti-lock brakes were fitted to the cars.
1990 models had styling changes,
a revised dashboard, alloy wheels and active damping fitted. The cars became known
as Silver Spirit IIs.
In 1994 engine revisions were made and the car featured
a four speed automatic and 20% more power. Twin airbags were the norm and the
cars were called Silver Spirit IIIs.
In 1996 larger wheels and electric
steering adjustment was added.
A long wheelbase version
of the Silver Spirit. In 1996 a 300hp turbo charged engine was fitted.
Introduced in February 1998, just before the Bentley Arnage. 5.3
litre V12 engine and five speed gearbox were standard.
The car was updated
in late 1999 with additional legroom and GPS.
Production Numbers and Dates
Dates Model Number Produced
1904 - 1906 10hp 16
1905 -1906 20hp 40
1905 - 1906 30hp 31
1905 - 1906 V8 Legal Limit
1907 - 1925 40/50hp Silver Ghost 6,173
1921 - 1926 40/50hp Springfield
1922 - 1929 20hp 2,940
1925 - 1929 New Phantom (Phantom
1926 - 1931 New Phantom Springfield 1.225
1929 - 1936 20/25hp
1929 - 1935 Phantom II 1,672
1936 - 1938 25/30 1,201
- 1939 Phantom III 710
1938 - 1939 Wraith 491
Model Number Produced
1947 - 1959 Silver Wraith 1,783
1949 - 1955 Silver
1950 - 1956 Phantom IV 18
1955 - 1959 Silver Cloud 2,359
1959 - 1962 Silver Cloud II 2,716
1962 - 1966 Silver Cloud III 2,376
1959 - 1968 Phantom V 832
1965 - 1976 Silver Shadow 19,493
1965 - 1976
2 door/drophead 1,111
1968 - Phantom VI
1977 - 1981 Silver Shadow II
Some examples of Rolls-Royce Cars
The 10hp car, SU 13, and
40/50hp, AX 201, The Silver Ghost, at Windsor Castle in April 2002.
The 40/50hp known as The Silver Ghost.
20hp with body by
1929 Phantom II limousine.
1938 Wraith with body by Gurney
1965 Silver Cloud III Flying Spur by Mulliner.
V limousine by James Young.
Royal Phantom VI 1977.
fixed head coupe.
Silver Spirit III.
2002 Silver Seraph Mulliner


This weekend our Christian friends celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ which starts tomorrow with Good Friday. Most of us are very familiar with the story of the Last Supper, Christ’s Crucifiction, and his resurrection from the dead three days later. So, if Easter is supposed to be about the death and rebirth of Jesus Christ, then how did we get bunnies, chickies, and colored eggs mixed in.
Well, there is some debate, but the theory that I tend to believe is that the church had a hard time converting pagans from their familiar and from what I know of them, fun, traditions of celebrating the spring and its triumph of life over death, read spring over winter, and the renewal of life in the world. Old Christians observed this and slowly started incorporating the pagan celebrations into the Easter story to get pagans to relate better to the new religion.
Fast forward to Medieval times, and the church forbids the use of eggs during Lent. So to preserve the eggs, they were boiled. To make them a nice treat for children and servants, they were dyed bright colors and given as gifts, hidden to be searched for, or used as parts of games. These traditions live on today in the dying of Easter eggs, Easter egg hunts, and egg rolls. Easter marks the end of Lent.
So, where did the Bunny come in? Well, lets fast forward to the settling of Pennsylvania and the German families there. In Germany, and elsewhere in Europe as well, the rabbit was associated with spring and is considered a fertility symbol. In the spring, the bunny was supposed to lay eggs for children to find which would help bring abundance and prosperity back to the land. Those early German families brought the Easter bunny with them and spread it to a wider audience in the new land.
Why is Easter on a different day every year? Well, let’s take the trip back to the era of Constantine and the council of Nicaea. During this time, the new bigwigs of the newly recognized Christian religion decided that Easter would not be celebrated on a certain date, but instead on the first Sunday either on or following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Which, by the way, many modern pagans consider to be Ostara or Eostare, the celebration of spring and the honoring of an old Anglo-Saxon goddess which brings us back around to where the traditions of Easter started. Some believe that the name of Easter evolved from the spring equinox.
No matter what you believe, I hope that you and yours have a very happy and safe Easter.


1974 Dodge Dart SE. I did an article for the website Antigo Motors (in portuguese) talking about this model.
When Chrysler came to Brazil, in 1969, the Dodge Dart was their main product. The country on those times had small market, so the Dart had to fill different segments, from the executive sedan, to the 2 door family car until the sports car, here, badged as “Charger”.
The SE was the cheapest one, aimed to the youth. It had some parts in matte black, such as the side mirrors and front grill. The interior had just the enough to cover the doors. The seats was plaid and the steering wheel was the same of the Charger version. The engine was the same used in the whole line, the V8 318 (5.2) with 198 hp. This is, until nowadays, the biggest crate ever, made in Brazil for a passenger car.
Only 4.107 units were made from 1972 to 74, when the SE was descontinued. After Chrysler left Brazil in 1981, and two oil crisis, their Darts lost so much value that most of them were used in demolition car “shows” or simply destroyed in junkyards. Due the rarity - and popularity those cars got back in the past decade - today, a SE version, can easily cost US$ 32K.


The Stearns County Chapter of the American Red Cross was organized in 1917 with Bishop Joseph Busch as the first Chapter chairman. The first action taken was during World War I, providing canteen services for production workers and organizing the Junior Red Cross. Before the war was over, local workers had to cope with the influenza epidemic.
During the 1920’s, the Stearns County Chapter helped with the tuberculosis epidemic, hiring a nurse to visit the county schools to teach simple health rules. The Chapter sent clothing to the destitute in Albania and sufferers from the Red River Floods. At this time the Chapter also organized first aid and swimming classes throughout the county.
When World War II began, the Chapter set up an office in downtown St. Cloud with paid help. Volunteers made army kits, knit sweaters, and rolled surgical dressings. Blood was collected for use overseas, a railroad car was used as a bloodmobile site. In 1955 the Stearns County Chapter was expanded to include Benton County and renamed the Central Minnesota Chapter.
The Chapter continued to expand services in blood collection, health and safety instruction, and disaster preparedness. In 1982 Eldon Siehl, a prominent St. Cloud businessman, willed the Chapter $100,000, which enabled the Chapter to buy a building and set up operations. Since that time, paid and non-paid staff has increased to meet the ever-growing demand for Red Cross programs in the Central Minnesota area.
In 1999 the Central Minnesota Chapter expanded to include Sherburne County. In addition, service contracts were signed with Morrison and Mille Lacs counties. With this arrangement, the Central Minnesota Chapter American Red Cross provides administrative services to those counties while allowing local volunteers to continue handling direct service. The current counties supported by the Central MN Red Cross are Benton, Big Stone, Chippewa, Kanabec, Kandiyohi, Lac Qui Parle, Meeker, Mille Lacs, Morrison, Pine, Pope, Sherburne, Stearns, Stevens, Swift, Todd, and Wright.
For more information call: 1-800-560-7641


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Model Ships: From History
Decorating or renovating a home or a room is done with the purpose of aesthetic pleasure. But do we really seek only aesthetic pleasure or is there something more? I won’t be shocked if someone tells that he or she tries to connect to our rich past through the models.
Yes, in places, we find replica of real life ships. Often these are carefully and beautifully carved out of wood while there are also some other materials are in use. For example, wooden model ships are not only the way to decorate a place, but these can serve the purpose to reliving the history when boats and ships were really a grand part of transportation. But why do we make the models
Even people from the past used to make the models of the ships and boats they had travelled in. There must be a reason behind that and there certainly is. In the past, when there was no other option to travel a long distance or discover a new place, the world was definitely different from today. In fact, people from one part of the world did not know about the other part. It was the time when western countries were discovering new places.
And at that time famous models of boats and ships, like HMS victory model, were made. All these were a great part of life. It is quite well known that people will make replica of the things that are important to us. People living in the historic time did so. Sailors and people working in a vessel were often taken as prisoners in another country. These people made replica of the ships to pass the time and later they sold the models to buy necessities. Most of the time, we find miniatures of old structures. This is because we relive those days through these models and pictures. Good model builders create replicas that even contain the measurement comparison with the real one. This helps people to have the idea of the real ship. Even, short details of the miniature are also provided to keep people informed.


We are a member congregation of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A., a reformed denomination born of the Church of Scotland (the home of Presbyterianism). We are also part of the Presbytery of Western New York (our regional body of 66 churches that stretches from the Niagara Frontier to Chautauqua County, and includes Cattaraugus and part of Allegany counties).
First United Presbyterian Church was founded in 1831 as First Presbyterian Church of Silver Creek. In 1969 the members of First United Methodist Church in the brick church across the street merged with First Presbyterian Church which changed its name to First United Presbyterian Church to commemorate the merger. For nearly 175 years First United Presbyterian Church has been the backdrop of life in Silver Creek, striving to be a beacon of hope, love and service to the community.
We are an open community of disciples of Jesus Christ, striving to live out his example of love and compassion.
We strive to accept all persons as children of God, deserving of love and compassion as God has shown such to all.
We hope you will be our guest and join our fellowship so we may work toward peace together and fulfill God's purpose.
On December 8, 1831 a group of people from the Village of Silver Creek gathered in an old brick school house to form a religious society under the New York State Religious Corporations Law of 1813. In those days only men could vote in such matters, so a vote was taken and the First Congregational Society of Silver Creek, then known as First Presbyterian Church, was formed - a member congregation of the Presbyterian Church of the United States.
They elected six men to serve as the first trustees of the newly formed religious society: James Brace, Ephraim Hall, John Reid, David Anderson, Daniel Rumsey, and William Hall. They had no meeting house as of yet, but they worshiped regularly in the old high school on main street.
In 1840 Daniel Rumsey deeded to the First Congregational Society a plot of land sitting adjacent to his home and place of business which rested on the village square. That land is the same space where now stands our church edifice which was built in 1840 and has been added to and altered many times since then to meet the ministry needs of each generation.
Next to the main sanctuary building in those days was the Anderson Lee Library. Though the library building has since been torn down, the foundation remains buried under the lawn of the church adjacent to Main Street/Route 20.
In 1968 conversations began between the Reverend Donald Spear, then pastor of First Presbyterian Church, and the Reverend Thomas Guerdat, then pastor of First United Methodist Church of Silver Creek, to join forces and unite the two congregations into one. The Methodist church had only a few families and was finding it increasingly difficult to maintain their property and ministry. On May 25, 1969 each congregation held congregational meetings and voted approved the merger under the corporate name of the First Presbyterian Church, which was First Congregational Society of Silver Creek. The ecclesiastical name was also agreed upon by both congregations to be First United Church of Silver Creek.
In 1981, on the 150th anniversary of the religious corporation being formed, a wooden box was found in the original cornerstone by Rev. Ed Halldorson, then pastor of First United Church, containing some coins and a piece of paper from 1840 when the cornerstone of our current sanctuary was laid. The paper had long since deteriorated, but is presumed to have contained a list of members at the time. In an incredible 150th anniversary celebration Rev. Halldorson and the congregation laid a new time capsule, containing the original coins, a tile with a sketch of the church, and several other artifacts from 1981. It remains there today to be opened in 2031 when more artifacts in the history of our church may be added.
In January 2010, at the Annual General Meeting, the members unanimously agreed to alter the ecclesiastical name of the Congregation to First United Presbyterian Church, to reflect in our name our affiliation with the Presbyterian Church U.S.A.
Today we are under the leadership of Session and Reverend Thomas Burian, our current pastor. We cherish our history and are proud of how this small village church has been central to the history of the Village of Silver Creek. We look forward to many more decades of worshiping God and fulfilling our ministry.


God had promised Abraham that he would become the father of many nations. Abraham’s family grew rapidly, and Joseph was born to Abraham’s grandson, Jacob.
Jacob had eleven other sons but Joseph was his favorite son. Joseph’s brothers became jealous of Joseph. Not only that, Joseph had dreams that he would one day become a great ruler and even his brothers would bow down to him (Genesis 37). Because of their jealousy, Joseph’s brothers decided to get rid of him.
Joseph was sold into slavery and taken to the land of Egypt where he lived in the house of an important Egyptian official. One day, Joseph was falsely accused of doing something wrong, and he was thrown into prison. Even though Joseph was imprisoned, God was faithful to Joseph and made Joseph a leader in the prison. In prison, Joseph made friends with Pharaoh’s cupbearer, who was later released and returned to serving Pharaoh.
Two years later, Pharaoh had two weird dreams that he did not understand. No one could interpret the dreams for him. The cupbearer remembered Joseph and told Pharaoh that Joseph could interpret dreams
With God’s help, Joseph was able to interpret Pharaoh’s dreams. Based on the dream, Joseph warned Pharoah to prepare for a great famine. Pharoah listened to Joseph and followed Joseph’s plan to store up grain to sell to many people from many countries once the famine arrived. Pharaoh made Joseph the second most powerful man in Egypt and gave Joseph the responsibility for managing and selling the stored food.
Joseph was faithful to God in Egypt and people soon desired to know more about Joseph’s God.
Describe Pharaoh’s dreams.
Why did Pharaoh need someone to tell him what the dreams meant?
How does Pharaoh treat Joseph because of his ability to interpret dreams?
Has God been faithful to you and how do you show your faithfulness to God?
This story begins because of the covenant that God made with Abraham to make him the faither of many nations. This was done through Abraham, his son Isaac, Isaac’s son Jacob, and Jacob’s son Joseph. (Genesis 17)
Joseph was sold into slavery by his brothers. But God used that event to make Joseph the second most powerful person in Egypt. Later, Joseph was able to use his position to care for his family, saving them from the famine, and providing them good land in Egypt.
Just as Joseph was sold into slavery, his family would eventually become slaves in Egypt. When God made the covenant with Abraham in Genesis 15:12-14, God told Abraham that his family would become slaves for 400 years. However, God would eventually rescue them from slavery and make them a great nation.


Community Picks for Alternative Pride Events: Part 2
Did you know that years before the first Pride Parades in Philadelphia there were several marches and rallies?
One of the organizers of the very first Pride March in Philly, Tommi Avicolli Mecca, was interviewed by the Inquirer earlier this month. When asked if he feels that Philadelphians have forgotten the activism that started pride, this was how Avicolli Mecca responded:
“When I’m out speaking, especially at colleges, people don’t...[click for more]


The History of Haven Hill
Haven Hill is located on the site of the original Penticton Hospital that was first built in 1916. The Hospital was a central service for the community and a lot of hard work by various organizations and non-profit groups went into advancing the hospital throughout the 20th century to keep up with patient needs. Over the years, the site expanded and additions were made including a maternity ward, operating rooms, nurses’ residence and lounge. However despite these improvements, by 1953 the hospital had outgrown the capacity of the site and relocated to another location.
At that time, the building was sold and subsequently changed hancs many times until it evolved into a seniors care home known as Haven Hill. In 1985, the building received major upgrades to try and extend the life of the existing structure. However, it remained as a small space and in 2005, it was deemed non-compliant for providing complex care services.
As a result, in 2007 Haven Hill was completely rebuilt. The transformation was exceptional as we moved from a building size of 28,000 sq ft into a new facility of 86,000 sq ft. With the addition of in-floor heating and air conditioning throughout the building along with many other upgrades for modern technologies, we evolved into a state-of-the art care facility that is now able to meet the comfort and safety needs of our residents and staff.
The layout in the building is very purposeful to achieve a comfortable, home-like setting. Each wing consists of a grouping of 11 or 15 residents together with a kitchen-servery, dining and lounge areas. Each of these neighbourhoods has been named after fruits common in the Okanagan Valley including Apple, Bartlet (Pear), Cherry and Grape. All other support services are located centrally including a commercial kitchen and laundry area.
Today, Haven Hill is home to 112 residents and we are continuing to grow. By October 2012, we will extend our services to 152 residents by opening another phase of expansion. At Haven Hill, we pride ourselves on the quality of care and life style for our residents. We are pleased to present such a well designed building to the Penticton Community in the lovely South-Okanagan area and hope that you will visit us.


(This is just the first part. For the full list click here. To download, click here. )I have actually heard about Fahmi Redza’s documentary on the AMCJA-PUTERA fight for an independent Malaya for quite some time, but never found time to watch it until last week. First, over lunch ‘Abidin expressed how it was a good piece of work. Coming from someone who is not exactly an AMCJA-PUTERA admirer is certainly something. Then the next day, Azmi Sharom compared watching 10 Tahun Sebelum Merdeka with 1957 Hati Malaya in the Star.
It’s a good documentary. For people who have never bothered to read on the other side of history, it’s a must watch, as veteran members of AMCJA-PUTERA gave their account of the experience leading up to the massive Hartal of 1947.
As Azmi Sharom wrote:
The People’s Constitution was an amazingly progressive document that demanded independence, with equal political rights, a new nationality of “Melayu”, equal citizenship rights and an inter-ethnic council with the job of getting rid of all racially discriminating laws.
It was a truly Malayan document designed to create a nation consisting of Malayans.
The concept of a Bangsa Malaysia existed in 1947.
The hartal which scared the British into taking harsh measures like declaring an emergency and imprisoning and deporting the men and women involved was also an eye-opener.
It was embraced by the people of the country across ethnic lines and goes to show that ordinary Malaysians of the time were politically courageous and willing to accept the progressive, liberal and inclusive People’s Constitution…
At the end of the day, Sepuluh Tahun Sebelum Merdeka is more than a simple history lesson, for the struggle of the left in 1940s Malaya has a resonance today in 21st Century Malaysia.
Some of the scenes – like the pro-British press belittling the people’s movement and their call for equality and independence; the vicious and arrogant measures taken by the colonial masters – look all too familiar.
AMCJA-PUTERA predated the UMNO-MCA-MIC Alliance (more intriguingly, MIC was a member while Tun Tan Cheng Lock, the later MCA president was heading the Malayan Democratic Union, a leading AMCJA component party). This was the first multiracial coalition in the country, and the Hartal of 1947 which was organised in protest to the Federation of Malaya Constitution involved millions of Malayans of all races. AMCJA-PUTERA proposed the People’s Constitution instead, but the British ignored it.
No wonder the British were unnerved and decided to suppress the coalition. At that time, UMNO (which contrary to their current members’ version of history, also took part in Anti Malayan Union demonstrations) could only muster Hidup Melayu as its slogan, whereas PUTERA had called for Merdeka.
As a bonus, the tracks for the movie is really impressive – from the Sex Pistols to the Clash to the Ramones. Not forgetting, Black’s Dr. Burhanuddin Al Helmy which I first heard at the Youth 4 Change Young Voters Carnival. Watching it, I can’t help but feel tiny compared to all the giants of the past. They faced not only the local cynics but also a superpower. They were poorer and did not have the Internet or handphones. Yet they dared to dream of a free Malaya.


Rickey Henderson 20x30" Photo Print
20x30" photo enlargement of my painting of MLB's all-time stolen base leader and Hall of Famer, Rickey Henderson. Henderson was the greatest leadoff man in the history of baseball.
Prints are artist-signed and will be packaged securely, shipped priority mail, and insured for the full value of the item.
The autographed original painting pictured is not the item that you're purchasing


September 26, 2015 – Alta Vista
Brotherhood of Christian Businessmen and Professionals of Talisay Cebu Chapter (BCBP Talisay) celebrated its 7th CHAPTER ANNIVERSARY at the full-packed hall of the Alta Vista, Pardo, Cebu City in front of so many guests and members of the community. The celebration started with the HOLY MASS celebrated by the BCBP Mactan Priest Fr. Martin Illuszue, CSSP and two other priest from Africa, Fr. Lawrece Orazulume and Fr. Gabriel Amobi.
The event hosted by Brother Jr. Chan opened formal fellowship with good breakfast and lechon donated by the Birthday Celebrant Sister Opay Algoso. Then it was followed by the introduction of the may first timers including the guests from Africa who became the first timers as well. The event was graced with 5 first timers.
The Main sharers were no other than the Area Managing Director Boy Villanueva and Sister Nena Villanueva. The sharing touched so many hearts of the attending community of brothers and sisters.
The celebration also launched the FIRST STATE OF CHAPTER ADDRESS (SOCA) of the Talisay Chapter Head Brother Greg Bersabal. He discussed all the past and pending activities of the BCBP Talisay in carrying out the works and wonders of the LORD ALMIGHTY.


October 29 2011
We spoke about the Halloween tradition in class during this week and learned more about this interesting tradition 🙂
What is Halloween?
Candy, fun, and horror. All these things are elements of Halloween. But, do you really know how Halloween came to be? Halloween originated as an ancient roman tradition to worship the god, Pamona. The ancient pagans worshipped Halloween by dressing up in costumes and lighting bonfires to attract creatures of the night.
The ancient Romans worshipped the fruit god Pomona on October 31st. They offered gifts and ate a grand feast in honor of the god. In return, they asked for a bountiful harvest and healthy crops. Their depiction of Halloween included no demons, spirits, or evil creatures.
The ancient pagans believed Halloween was a day to fear. Bonfires would be lit, masks would be worn to appease evil spirits, and great fear took over the populace. The misconception was that the spirits that could not enter an afterlife would come back to roam the earth. The spirits would then proceed to spread plague and famine across the land.
We had an interesting week learning about Halloween! Hope you enjoy the photos 🙂
- Link to the post: http://www.thethinkingbox.com.sg/blog/halloween-3/
- Link to The Thinking Box @ Tanglin: http://www.thethinkingbox.com.sg/blog


Signals troop then experienced the job of stripping out the products from The varsity beneath fire. I discovered myself lifting a 125AHC battery, which need to have weighed close to 65lbs, straight up on to the back of a Sherman, a raise of about 7 feet. It truly is wonderful what an incentive significant explosive may be. I climbed back again into my very own tank at significant speed and pulled the hatch shut. The shells have been bursting in the air, and there was a danger of shrapnel from earlier mentioned. Later on, once we experienced moved back about 50 percent a mile I climbed out from the hatch, I discovered that shrapnel experienced broken the hatch handle. That night time we drank a large amount of our German wine.
The phone Trade was the German Army model, which we had Beforehand applied at Wismar. The sign of an incoming get in touch with was a small flap that dropped when the road was rung. Beneath it was the socket for that operators jack. Late one night the Alerts Ser-geant, Don Porter, arrived in the Trade acquiring been drinking inside the Sgts. Mess each of the eve-ning. He experienced decided which the front panel on the Trade seemed just a little drab. He had brought a tin of inexperienced paint with him and proceeded to paint the front in the exchange with it.
I can’t don't forget any information about my paternal grandparents, but I have a family members tree exhibiting the history of your Levett spouse and children getting lived in Alfriston because 1613, Using the male line obtaining lived in or near Alfriston at any time considering that. Alfriston is actually a medium measurement village lying at The pinnacle in the Cuck-mere valley. I had been born in a small cottage, that's now a cafe named “Moonrak-ers”.
Just after a few pairs experienced had a brief flight, the airplane landed and dropped off its travellers. However its tail wheel stuck inside the mud and in the event the pilot revved his engine the tail wheel pulled proper off. Which was the top of our hopes, so we re-turned to Lewes rather “cheesed off”.
The following early morning we could see a Sherman in the field nearby, so we went throughout to have a look. It had been blackened and rusty, soon after just one working day. We climbed on top rated and opened the driver’s hatch. There was a blackened skeleton minus a head sitting down on the controls with its’ palms continue to about the Manage columns. It will have to happen to be so sudden that he never ever felt a factor. We appeared inside the turret and located additional bones on the floor. At that age every single young soldier believes He's invincible and we believed this couldn’t happen to us. That night time “C” Sqdn carried out an additional assault together with the KSLI (Kings Somer-set Gentle Infantry) towards hefty opposition. The assault started off at 0050 hrs and all targets have been taken by 0400hrs. 4 SP guns and 3 Mk1V Panzers had been knocked out and 70 jail-ers taken.
Following Wireless College our squad began the Driving Program within the D&M School. The first two weeks had been put in within the workshops and lecture rooms. We ended up taught the speculation and practice of The inner combustion motor, along with the transmission technique, includ-ing the gearbox and differential gears. We found that understanding how a auto works was of terrific assistance in Finding out tips on how to travel.
After we observed the opposing trails and heard the rattle of cannon and equipment guns, we realised the battle experienced started. A variety of rumours have been rife. A person was that when an enemy aircraft built a circle from the sky, this was a marker for that dive-bombers. Full rubbish of course, the trails blew absent also immediately for this.
At The underside from the hill have been pop-up targets symbolizing enemy troops. The ammunition belts were being loaded with a person tracer round to 5 ball so we could see where by the bullets have been hitting. There was also an opportunity to Check out the fifty-calibre equipment gun mounted within the cupola, or turret ring. This was developed being an anti-aircraft weapon, but we fired all over again at the infantry at the bottom of your hill. This was an incredibly heavy weapon using a slower amount of hearth but had a devastating impact on enemy troops.
I was presented two months go away and vacation warrants for Ruth and myself. The compartments around the coach for married people have been a great deal more comfortable than the conventional troop trains and we loved a very awesome journey to England.
The following 7 days the rest from the paperwork arrived. The amount was imagined to be based on the amount of meals provided. When this was labored out my mother’s allowance of lard must have been 14 ounces! By then obviously, all click here of the lard had been made use of.
Lying on his back again beside the observe functioning throughout the field was the human body of the younger German soldier who couldn't have been A lot more mature that sixteen. He were shot during the back and the exit wound had ripped his ribs out by means of his chest. The factor that I discovered most visible was the astonished expression on his deal with.
The following early morning I was transferred to the next-in-command tank as entrance gunner. On 18th April “A” sqdn moved into Verden and contacted the infantry and moved on to Davelsen, which had been reported distinct. This was inaccurate and First Troop experienced to aid the Ox & Bucks in clearing it. This took about twenty minutes. “A” Sqdn then moved on to the vil-lage named Langwedel the place they have been fulfilled with heavy shellfire. A celebration of some thirty Germans cut the street between 1st Troop and the remainder in the squadron, but were driven off by con-centrated shellfire.
The specter of invasion seemed rather actual at enough time and we discovered a lot of precautions currently being taken. Rows of “Dragons Enamel” anti- tank hurdles were being installed among the corner at Wingrove plus the riverbank. When you glance over the back garden wall at Deans Spot Resort you may still see them. Several short term road blocks consisting of a cone of concrete, manufactured with a hole within the centre, were being put over the road at Wingrove corner, with a metal pipe jogging down through the hole in the concrete and into a gap within the street.
We also needed to consider our turn on guard responsibilities in camp. The guard mounted before the Orderly Space was the a single wherever turnout was primary. This was called the Quarter Guard. Within the guard mounting parade this guard often experienced just one more male. Within the mounting ceremony the most effective turned-out gentleman was designated “ Stick Man,” and was excused the guard. I managed to help make myself smart adequate on one particular event to generally be picked out. This intended that I could fall out until the subsequent morning After i needed to report to the Orderly Place, all dazzling and shiny, in which I used to be presented a patent leather-based satchel attached to an equally shiny belt which was worn bandoleer trend, more than one shoulder. here My career throughout the day was to take messages spherical towards the Squadron places of work and likewise accompany the Orderly Officer on his visits on the mess corridor throughout meals. It definitely defeat accomplishing guard obligation on the Orderly Area. There have been other guard responsibilities to generally be carried out plus they ended up all paraded With all the Quarter Guard. There was one guard mounted over the ammunition dump up around the moors. The Orderly Officer had to examine all guards through the evening, but when he had still left the Or-derly Home, the guard commander there would ring the guard commander on the ammunition dump to alert him the Orderly Officer was on his way. There have been three Guys about the guard depth for the Guard Home, furthermore the Guard Commander, commonly a Corporal. One man was on duty as the sentry within the veranda within the front. One other two remained inside the Guard Home continuously.
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In the next month they met again, and again Hamilton asked for means to defend the country. The question was put, Should the Assembly give money for the King's use? and the vote was feebly affirmative. Should the sum be twenty thousand pounds? The vote was overwhelming in the negative. Fifteen thousand, ten thousand, and five thousand, were successively proposed, and the answer was always, No. The House would give nothing but five hundred pounds for a present to the Indians; after which they adjourned "to the sixth of the month called May."  At their next meeting 167"The newspaper said he was your benefactor."
In the midst of his passionate solicitude, a queer little suspicion flickered up in Pendleton's eyes. "While I am gone for the doctor don't let her exert herself in the slightest," he commanded.venerated recluse of Montreal. There are others quite as worthy of honor, whose names have died from memory. It is difficult to conceive a self-abnegation more complete than that of the hospital nuns of Quebec and Montreal. In the almost total absence of trained and skilled physicians, the burden of the sick and wounded fell upon them. Of the two communities, that of Montreal was the more wretchedly destitute, while that of Quebec was exposed, perhaps, to greater dangers. Nearly every ship from France brought some form of infection, and all infection found its way to the H?tel-Dieu of Quebec. The nuns died, but they never complained. Removed from the arena of ecclesiastical strife, too busy for the morbidness of the cloister, too much absorbed in practical benevolence to become the prey of illusions, they and their sister community were models of that benign and tender charity of which the Roman Catholic Church is so rich in examples. Nor should the Ursulines and the nuns of the Congregation be forgotten among those who, in another field of labor, have toiled patiently according to their light.
has left his name to the botanical genus Sarracenia, of
 Colden, Five Nations, 80 (1727).
During his first short term of office, Pitt had given a new species of troops to the British army. These were the Scotch Highlanders, who had risen against the House of Hanover in 1745, and would rise against it again should France accomplish her favorite scheme of throwing a force into Scotland to excite another insurrection for the Stuarts. But they would be useful to fight the French abroad, though dangerous as their possible allies at home; and two regiments of them were now ordered to America.While this was passing on the English right, it fared still worse with them on the left. The advance of the line was no less disastrous here than there. It brought the troops close to the woods which circled round to this point from the French rear, and from which the Canadians, covered by the trees, now poured on them a deadly fire. Here, as on the right, Lvis had ordered his troops to fall back for a time; but when the fire of the English cannon ceased, they advanced again, and their artillery, though consisting of only three pieces, played its part with good effect. Hazen's rangers and MacDonald's volunteers attacked and took the two adjacent blockhouses, but could not hold them. Hazen was wounded, MacDonald killed, and their party overpowered. The British battalions held their ground till the French, whose superior numbers enabled them to extend themselves on both sides beyond the English line, made a furious attack on the left wing, in front and flank. The reserves were 350
"I could put it through," he said again, "if there was sufficient incentive."


Essential part of the 5th edition of the Ravenna Mosaico festival, Destinazione Micromosaico is an exhibition produced by Sicis, a world leader company in the production of not only decorative mosaics, to celebrate its 30th year of activity. This not to be missed exhibition with free admission will be hosted from 5th October to 7th January 2018 at the 17th century Rasponi dalle Teste Palace, one of the largest and most prestigious noble residencies in the city of Romagna.
The exhibition itinerary, designed by C&T Crossmedia with the direction of Stefano Fake from The Fake Factory, unfolds from the entrance staircase to the whole noble floor of the aforementioned Rasponi dalle Teste Palace. 360° projections, digital frescoes and zenith videos tell the story of Sicis in the first rooms through the succession of portraits, icons and faces made by the mosaic masters, with in-depth analysis dedicated to the manufacturing group, the materials and the mosaic art ancient history, further than to the creations inspired by classical works, Pop Art, Avant-garde.
After these rooms we can find Sala del Micromosaico, dedicated to the jewels made with the micro mosaic. This technique flourished in the 18th century before disappearing almost completely in the 19th century. The Ravenna-based company has invested resources to study and retrieve this art in order to bring it back to the prestige of the past. Finally, games of images and videos show the mastery of the mosaic of the nature, ranging from the Baroque and Renaissance flower arrangement to the oriental, stylistic Japanese traditions.
Destinazione Micromosaico therefore represents a perfect union between ancient and modern art, amplifying the superlative beauty of the precious Sicis products thanks to an immersive multimedia experience made possible by a stunning 39 video projectors! In detail it is 14 Optoma EH415ST, 8 Optoma GT1080E, 2 Optoma GT760, 8 Canon XEED WUX450ST, 4 Canon XEED WUX6010, 1 Canon LX-MU500 and 2 Canon LV-WX310ST, all supplied by IC Videopro, which one more time confirms to be the ideal partner for truly engaging installations.
Below you can find the video of the event:
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