Pioneers Of Science
Sir Humphry Davy (1778 – 1829)
Sir Humphry Davy is one of the most famous English chemists and he ruled the world of electrochemistry at the beginning of the nineteenth century. He was renowned for his work on Alkali and Alkaline earth metals.
The miner’s safety lamp was his best invention. He was the first person too isolate potassium, sodium, and boron. Furthermore, he also found the the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine.
On December 17, 1778, Humphry was born in the city of Penzance located in the southwest of England. His father owned a small farm. His father died when he was only sixteen and it was a great loss for him. But he was very intellectual and hardworking and that is the reason he is still in the minds of today’s world. He was also very fond of writing fiction and poetry.
He attended a grammar school and his life had changed altogether when he met Gregory Watt, son of James Watt, who became a resident in his house later on. His inspiration was Mr. Davis Gilbert and his desire to meet him was fulfilled when he joined the Royal Institution in London. All these happenings had a lot of influence on his career.
The books based on the researches of Sir Humphry Davy are powerful tools to understand the chemistry of different elements and how they work.
His books include:
- Elements of chemical philosophy. (1812)
- Consolations in travel. (1830)
- Elements of Agricultural chemistry. (1813)
When Sir Davy was associated with the Pneumatic Institution in Bristol, he wrote books that introduced him to the world of chemicals.
- Essays on MAI and light, with a new theory of respiration.
- Researchers, Chemical and Philosophical, chiefly concerning nitrous oxide and its respiration.
His research was not only restricted to nitrous oxide but he also worked on the respiration of carbureted hydrogen, hydrogen, nitrous gases, and carbonic acid. He was the first person who gave the idea of the voltaic cell and his first lecture at the Royal Institution in 1801 was the proof of this remarkable finding. In fact, this research of the voltaic cell was the clear concept of the electric battery.
He also proved that there is an electric force between the elements i.e: chemical bonding is electrical. He surprised the public that alkalis are simply metallic oxides and this statement had made a great breakthrough in the field of chemicals.
In 1811, Sir Davy told that chlorine is an element and his name was derived from the Greek word “Chloros” meaning pale yellow. Moreover, he worked on the life safety of the coal mine workers and he invented the lamp named as miner’s lamp.
Sir Humphry David was knighted in 1812. His major achievements are:
- He became the president of the royal society in 1820
- He became a founding fellow of the Zoological Society of London in 1826.
- Royal Society for London has awarded the Davy medal annually since 1877 to those who make remarkable research in the field of chemicals
- He was awarded the Copley medal, Rumford Medal, and Royal medal.
Author Name: Talha Akhtar


Video on Demand (VOD)
Video on Demand is a great way to watch our video documentaries on your desktop computer, or on any of your mobile devices such as a smartphone. Whether rented or purchased, you can watch a video anytime that it is convenient for you.
Bonneyville Mill… a River’s Legacy
Bonneyville Mill, near Bristol, Indiana, is said by the Indiana State Historical Society to be the longest continuously operating gristmill in the state. Established in the mid-1830’s it is the top tourist destination in Elkhart County and has been photographed and painted over the years in a variety of settings. In this video you will be taken on a personal tour of the mill starting with the river system, and discover how grain was turned into flour during the 1800’s.
Elkhart County’s Oldest Building
A log home built in 1834 is the oldest surviving building in Elkhart County, Indiana. The stories about the original family, the restoration of the home, and stories by the current owner preserve history in a special way.
Pvt Andrew Longley – 1864
Cemeteries are full of extraordinary stories from ordinary people. Take, for example, Andrew Longley, who was a private in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


Serfice makes me smile, and I have so many friends in so many rooms. It was a small american indian dating service store, and dating text I noticed that the whole room got quite and looked at me.
She worked as a forklift driver at Leeds. This paper invites a reconsideration of the history of early cinema in terms of the phonograph through four specific areas of inquiry early practices and discourses of visualized phonography; genre and narrative on early phonograph records; phonograph performers as precursors to film stars; and phonographic representations of cinema-going and american indian dating service adjacent popular entertainments.
Intuition, attranction, or an insights.Continue reading


The world changed eighteen years ago today on September 11, 2001. Today we take time solemnly reflect and pray for the nearly 3,000 people who lost their lives on that fateful day and for the people here and abroad who have sacrificed so much since then to rebuild our country.
As our nation continues to rebuild and thrive, the strength and resiliency of the United States of America makes me thankful for what we have in this great country. I remember that fateful day 18 years ago and I remember how the weeks after was a time renewal when Americans came across religious, political, social and ethnic lines to stand as one people. If we work hard enough, we Americans can carry that sense of unity moving forward and renew our nation and the world.


Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci embodied the universal ideal of Renaissance man like no other. Leonardowas an artist, inventor and scientist at the same time - math problem solver . His paintings are still visitor magnets in museums today.
The National Museum of Science and Technology in Milan displays replicas of devices and buildings that Leonardo devised for civilian and military use. The Leonardo Museum in Vinci near Florence also stimulates the viewer's imagination with models based on Leonardo's drawings. Both museums and the Swiss National Museum in Zurich also invite visitors to take a virtual tour of Leonardo's life and work.
The manuscript collections containing Leonardo's estate are scattered among several museums and libraries in Italy, France, England, Spain and the USA. Several thousand sheets of drawings and notes document Leonardo's universal genius - pay people to do your homework . The Leonardo legacy tells of one of the people of that time to whom art, in this case painting, science and inventiveness were equally important.
Leonardo da Vinci - a universal genius
Like no other, Leonardo da Vinci embodied the universal ideal of Renaissance man. In his thinking he was far ahead of his time. He still captivates us today because of his wide-ranging interests and his extensive skills and knowledge. Leonardo was
- inventor and
at the same time. His paintings, which he created as a painter, are famous. He saw himself more as an engineer. In his manuscripts, he left behind diverse art-theoretical and anatomical insights and experiences - https://domyhomework.club/statistic-homework/ . Leonardo was active as an architect and sculptor.


KW Institute for Contemporary Art
Nationalgalerie im Hamburger Bahnhof
Neuer Berliner Kunstverein n.b.k.
About the location
Since November 1996, Hamburger Bahnhof has housed Nationalgalerie’s Museum für Gegenwart (Museum for Contemporary Art). Parallel to temporary exhibitions, the museum also presents works from its own important collections in a series of rotating exhibitions on the 10,000 square meters of space at its disposal. The exhibitions use monographic and thematic constellations, surprising dialogues, and the context of art history to present works from the Nationalgalerie, the Marx and Marzona Collections, as well as the Friedrich Christian Flick Collection in Hamburger Bahnhof in all parts of the museum.
The building was erected in the mid-nineteenth century as one of the first terminal stations of the rail system. In the early twentieth century, the structure was converted into a museum of transportation and technology. After a reconstruction by the architect Josef Paul Kleihues, the Hamburger Bahnhof reopened on November 2, 1996 as Museum für Gegenwart. As part of the reconstruction, the so-called Kleihueshalle was built. In 2004, a former goods depot was converted by the architects Kühn Malvezzi into the so-called Rieckhallen, adjoining the main building to the north and intended for the presentation of contemporary art.
Exhibiting artists→Nina Beier
→Simon Dybbroe Møller
→Galerie im Regierungsviertel
Tue – Fri: 10am – 6pm
Sat: 11am- 8pm
Sun: 11am – 6pm
How to get there
S3, S5, S7, S75 (Hauptbahnhof)
M6, M8, 12 (Naturkundemuseum)
M41, M85, TXL (Hauptbahnhof); 120, 123, 147, 240, 245 (Invalidenpark)


This weekend kicks off the official start of summer! But before you start planning to kickstart with cookouts for July 4th, there’s another celebration of freedom in order. June 19th signifies a very special celebration, a holiday that’s more relevant than ever.
Juneteeth occurred in 1865 when the union army finally made it to Texas to announce freedom for all slaves. It marks not only a day of huge celebrations, it also was a monumental landmark of the end of a long war. This was a great day for our nation as we took a giant step towards total equality for all our citizens.
At Naked Feet, we’re excited to join the country in this celebration. As a team we are taking time to ponder, reflect, and learn about our nation. We are thankful to be in a nation that's focused on evolving and improving, to provide a better quality of life for all who live here. No matter how you choose to celebrate, it’s great holiday that forever changed our nation.


Welcome to the BT Blog
Where we Hope to Inform and Inspire
Before you think: why in the WORLD would I care what happened to brides and grooms in the 1600s, remember that not everything that is trendy is contemporary. Your great-great-great-greats found their way to each other and none of them had a Save the Date website. The rituals - some of which are worth reviving (maybe) - all had their meaning. To us, as we gear up for a new year of weddings, looking back can be a fun way of looking ahead.
For the lower classes during the 17th century, a coin, broken in half with one half kept by each person, was enough to signify an engagement. The couple would make oaths to each other and say prayers over the coins, giving them significance. These tokens were considered both promises and talismans against evil spirits.
While at BT we help brides find gorgeous gowns on a budget, back in the 17th century, brides often did not buy a wedding gown and the dress really had no significance. It was simply the nicest dress a girl owned, maybe the one she wore to church or one with extra frill or embellishments.
What WAS important was the garter! Two garters were worn, were usually blue and worn just above the knee. The evening of the wedding, before the bride and groom were left alone to start their lives together, two of the groomsmen would remove the garters from the brides legs and then pin them to their hats as a reward. One wonders if this was like catching the bouquet and marked these fellows as potential future grooms. Or...….. perhaps they just got teased a lot at the pub afterwards.
Flowers back then were as important as they are now and loads of wildflowers and fresh flowers would be collected and carried while others were pinned to the bride's hat. Lower classes did not have access to hot house flowers and blooms from bulbs and formal gardens, so herbs like rosemary were used, orange blooms from nearby orchards and groves and any bright field flowers were perfect.
After the ceremony, people threw wheat at the couple for fertility - a sort of precursor to confetti or rice. Honestly, they may have had it right back then since we now throw bird seed (NOT a symbol of fertility). Imagine what they would have thought of our use of sparklers to send off newlyweds.
Cake!! We all love it and they did back in the day as well. While we're into frosting and multiple tiers, back then they were more interested in breaking the cake over the bride's head for fertility and fortune. Yep. You heard us. The community contributed all sorts of food, meat, drinks and sweets, but the wedding cake itself was gently broken over the bride's head for luck for her and the groom. Pieces gathered up by others were said to be lucky too. It's also a great way to stay thin - just break the cake instead of eating it.
Finally, the 17th century wedding night: We send our couples off with cheers, cans tied to bumpers and other fanfare and happily return to the party. These early modern couples did too, but not until the bride and groom were escorted to their chambers. The bridesmaids would help the bride get out of her gown, removing any pins that might create havoc later and waited by the bed with her. The groom and his entourage would then show up and the couple were surrounded, given well wishes and finally left alone. AWK-WARD!! We don't know any current modern couple who would want their entire wedding party encircling their marital bed, but we're modest that way.
Regardless of tradition or theme, twists on century-old marriage rituals are pretty stinking fun! Enjoy planning, brides out there!


Are you searching for 26 March Picture for the upcoming national event of Bangladesh Independent Day 2022? Then you are in the right place to Get 26 March Picture with HD quality. 26 March is the independent day for Bangladesh people. We celebrate this day as the national memory of our country. The Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declared 26 March as an independent day in 1971. So this day is very important for us. To celebrate the Independent day of Bangladesh we need 26 March Pictures for our social platform.
So let’s Check the 26 March Picture for Independent day 2022.
Table of Contents
Bangladesh Independent Day Picture
Bangladesh Independence Day, which is celebrated on March 26, is the national day of Bangladesh. The people of East Pakistan officially started their freedom struggle on the night of March 25. In a notification issued on January 22, 1972, the day was celebrated as National Day in Bangladesh and the holiday officially declared as the day. It is a great feeling that the nation is entering its 50th year of independence today.
But the history of our freedom is as glorious as it is painful. Many liberties have been acquired in exchange for blood and sacrifice. Today, we are honorably remembered for the well-known martyrs who have sacrificed their present to make the future of this country beautiful. We pay our respects to the architect of independence Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and all the organizers and freedom fighters of the War of Liberation.
Bangladesh Independence Day History
On March 25, 1971, this black night, savage Yahya forces indiscriminately kill unarmed and sleeping people of Bengal in Dhaka. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman arrested By Pakistan Army. Bangabandhu had already managed to ignite the brutal army killings. If he went, he would arrest. So, before taking him, Manik Chowdhury, one of the accused in the Agartala conspiracy case, got a copy of the message he had sent towards the half-million people of Bengal declaring independence for the people.
Colonel Oli Ahmed Birbikram first notified Ziaur Rahman of Bangabandhu’s declaration of independence. General Ziaur Rahman notified the news of the Declaration of Independence on the night of March 25 and 26.
26 March Picture
The following are the pictures of the Great Independence Day March 26. 26 March is a bloody joy in the history of Bangladesh. March 26 is the day to fly the red-green flag on the chest. Bangladesh Independence Day is celebrated in a very colorful way. The celebration begins with a floral offering at the National Memorial. The day started with the artillery 31 times.
26 March Picture Facebook
Bangladesh Independence Wish Picture
Thanks for being here Guys. We hope these 26 March Pictures liked you. You can share the Bangladesh Independence Picture in your Social Profile.


Happy Fourth of July! Do you have any special holiday traditions? I always try to watch some Schoolhouse Rock and 1776 because I'm a huge dork. Lee's hoping to squeeze in a History Channel special on the secret lives of the Founding Fathers.
Yay for democracy and freedom!


Once again I am in your debt. I bought the sword about 20 odd years ago, it was sold as a gunto when I removed the tatty leather cover from the saya it was a civilian saya with gunto tsuba and tsuka. its a well madw blade with a good hamon. The cutting lengh is 27 inches plus the tang.
Thats is all the info I have on the sword the rest is your hands. PS There will be a beer when we meet. I will speak to Dave as it could be a good idea in the future if members could meet up and and bring items for discussion or sale and a have a social weekend or at least a day as well.
There was a Kanetaka listed by Yoshindo Yoshihara as working in Seki during the war. On the Japanese sword index are oshigata of Showa smiths, on one of which Kanetaka has used his name Masuda, but the style of writing ju and Kane- are very similar. Ian B


Nunraw Developments Ltd.
Brief and Response
GLM has been appointed to undertake the restoration of this important A Listed castle in East Lothian in two phases. Our building surveying team is currently engaged in phase one of the refurbishment which involves the replacement of the roof coverings, repair of stonework and overhaul of windows. In addition, working with the client’s US based architect and interior designer, we are
providing technical architectural support on phase two which involves the comprehensive refurbishment of the internal fabric, replacement of building services and fitting out as a private residence which we will go on to procure and project manage. Planned works include a full restoration of the tower and its cottages, as well as restoration of the property’s 17th-century beehive dovecot and
its 19th-century glass house. Nunraw Tower dates back to the 16th century and since then the property passed between several owners. In 1946, the estate was acquired by the Cistercian brothers of Mount St Joseph Abbey and they used the tower as a guesthouse until it was sold to the current owner in 2014.


The City of Sayil. Historical reconstruction. 10th Century
Ongoing personal Project about Pre-Hispanic Mayan life.
Each image would be available as big size prints and eventually the sum of all of them would make a book,
This is an update post from last Week's post. Details added, etc.
( Century correction added . Mixed up my notes )


- Issue Time
Trampoline Sports Known as "Air Ballet"
The trampoline is an athlete using the trampoline rebound from the performance of acrobatic skills in sports, it is a gymnastics, trampoline "air ballet," said. At the 27th Sydney Olympic Games in 2000, the trampoline was listed as an official event.
In 1947 the United States held the first national trampoline exhibition in Texas.
Since 1948 was included in the official competition, after the introduction of Europe.
In 1958 the UK started the All England Trampoline Championship.
In 1964 in the United Kingdom held the first World Trampoline Championship.
In 1969 in Paris, France held the first European Trampoline Championship.
In 1999, the International Trampoline Federation became an association of international gymnastics
In 2000, the 27th Olympic Games became the official competition project, with two projects of male and female individuals, each of which 12 athletes participated in the competition.
In the United States, Britain and Australia opened a number of indoor trampoline parks, which had become a great place for family weekend party. Young people can play cool sports there, because this movement is full of happiness, relaxation, people will forget all the pressure of work at that moment and immersed in the happiness.


The rupee is the official currency in India, and the Reserve Bank of India is the authority in charge of issuing currency.
First English settlements in India were located mainly in three areas: Western India (Bombay and Surat), South India (Madras) and those of the Western province of Bengala (Calcuta). As a consequence, British coins in gold, silver, copper and tin were used for trade in these areas.
In early 1830, English power had become predominant in India. The emergence of a dominant power after more than a hundred years of turmoil, allowed the passage of the Coinage Act of 1835, so a uniform coinage could be possible. The new design of the coins issued in 1835 included William IV’s effigy on the obverse and the denomination on the reverse, written in English and Persian.
Coins issued after 1840, meanwhile, bore the portrait of Queen Victoria. The first coin issued under the crown was released in 1862.
In 1906 the Coinage Act of India, governing the establishment of mints and the issuance of coins was passed and today still remains in force.
The shortage of silver occurred during the First World War led to the British Government, George V on the throne, to issue paper money of one rupee, two rupees and two and a half. Silver coins of smaller denominations were issued in cupronickel.
The situation during the Second World War led to experiments in the currency for which standard rupee was replaced by the Quaternary Silver Alloy, coins being issued from 1940. In 1947 these were replaced by coins of pure nickel.
The country gained its independence on 15th August 1947. However, the existing currency kept frozen until 26th January 1950, when India became a republic.
In 1957, India adopted a decimal currency system whereby a rupee consisted of 100 paises. The management of issuing currency is the responsibility of the Reserve Bank of India, which is the central bank, while the responsibilities for matters related to coinage correspond to the country's government.
Today, there are coins of 1, 2 and 5 rupees and of 10, 25 and 50 paises in circulation.
With regard to banknotes, there are 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 rupees.
Date of creation:
Reserve Bank of India.
Order online and collect your currency at the branch of your choice.
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America in the 19th Century. By passing the Pacific Railroad Acts through Congress, the US government opened up the interior of the continent to a number of railroad companies. The race was on to cross the Great Plains and the Continental Divide and create a truly united United States of America.
You are the head of a small railroad company on the East Coast, competing with rival companies to expand your rail network to the west.
The Railroad Revolution has begun!
Essen vouchers: If you want to use the vouchers for Railroad Revolution you received at the Essen fair, add the game to the shopping cart as usual and go to checkout, where you can enter the code. If you then proceed to the verification step, you should see the total change accordingly.
For any questions, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org
By Marco Canetta & Stefania Niccolini, illustrated by Mariano Iannelli, 2016


The year was 1946, and the United States of America was in a state of political upheaval after the devastating loss of World War II. In Detroit, a young musician by the name of Dalton Deschain was able to gain the trust of the people, and take control of the city.
However, this trust was sorely misplaced. Dalton was under the control of something much darker than anything the already ravaged city had ever seen. His rise to power resulted in only further tyranny, death, and destruction. The rest of the horrified nation was forced to take action, with limited remaining means, to eradicate the dictator.
The full tale of Dalton's rise to power will be told soon. But coming in 2014, the EP "The Collateral Vignettes" will act as a prelude to the saga. Each song tells the story of a different citizen of Detroit, and how they were affected by the events and aftermath of Dalton's rule. These include a teen who lost his first love during a night of bombing, a man trapped in his home who is driven to insanity, a not-so-reluctant soldier of the Deschain regime, and Dalton's own ill-fated wife, Catherine.


Welcome to the Hölzlhof in the Antholz Valley in South Tyrol!
Enjoy relaxing days at the idyllic farm in Rasun di Sopra.
Many leisure activities in the immediate vicinity will make your stay with us an unforgettable experience.
Just 150 meters from our newly furnished apartments with lots of flair and charm in typical South Tyrolean style, you will find a grocery store and a bus stop for the free ski bus and hiking. The railway station at Valdaora is only 2 km away from our farm.
The Hölzlhof was first mentioned in 1435. The owner Niklas Kerntaler sold the farm to the parish archive of Oberrasen. As of the year 1588, the farm belonged to Christoph Hölzl. A major fire destroyed the building of the farm almost 10 years later. The farm was rebuilt and sold to Georg Windisch from Pflersch, who a few years later handed it down to his son Georg.
In 1963, Roman Schatzer bought the Hölzlhof from the owner at the time, in 1976, he built a new barn for 70 beef cattle. 12 years later, he built a new residential house and concurrently a machine hall of approx. 150 m2.
In the year 2000, Roman handed over the farm to his son Johann. Since 1990, he is married to Theresia Tschurtschentaler. Together, they managed the Hölzlhof for 23 years.
In the year 2014, the residential house was expanded and three new apartments established that are now habitable for our guests.
In the spring of 2023, Johann handed over the farm to his oldest son Stefan.
From now, Stefan and Melanie with daughter Katharina give you a warm welcome.
We look forward to your visit!
Your Schatzer Family


Evolution of the Suitcase November 23, 2016 – Posted in: Products
Just like smart phones, cars, and other technological inventions, luggage has also evolved over time. Gone are the days of bulky carry-ons, difficult suitcases and wheels with a mind of their own.
Today’s luggage is jam packed full of cleverly designed features in order to accommodate the needs of the modern traveler. Things like laptop compartments and RFID blockers were unheard of in the past, but now are necessary elements we look for when purchasing luggage.
However, the suitcase had a humble beginning.
The word luggage comes from the word ‘lug’, meaning ‘to drag’, which was established way back in the late 1500’s.
Whereas the first suitcases were made from cowhide in the 1800’s, today’s suitcases are created from a variety of available materials, all of which are designed to be lightweight yet durable. From evolving into a trunk and then case, luggage has adapted to several forms over time.
By the mid 1900’s, suitcases took a huge step forward. Instead of being created for the soul purpose of carrying clothes, luggage design now branched out to accommodate items of different shapes, including smaller personal items such as cameras and books. Since then, things picked up pace. Wheels were added in 1970, followed by the first extendable handle in 1989.
It wasn’t all smooth sailing. In 2007, a suitcase was released that can be transformed into a bicycle, which didn’t go on to be a best seller, proving that sometimes the simple designs are the best ones.
Tosca have been making and selling luggage since 1960, and have estimated to have sold over 30,000,000 pieces of luggage since then.
For the ideal suitcase to meet your 21 st Century needs, we have a range of diverse luggage suited to every type of traveler, from compact carry-ons, to large family sized suitcases.
View the Tosca Collection here!


Shaping engraver Helene Fischer works in Börnichen in the Erzgebirge. The form engraving workshop has been family-owned for several years and is one of the dying professions in Germany.
Shaping engraver also called shape cutter is an almost extinct profession which deals with the production of wooden printing rollers and sticks. In the past, these were used for fabric printing, paper wallpaper, playing cards as well as woodcuts, some of which were artistic. Today Mrs. Fischer only produces butter moulds for sale. These are available with different motifs, some of which were drawn by her grandfather by hand.


Banks are the important segment in Indian Financial System. An efficient banking system helps the nation’s economic development. Various categories of stakeholders of the Society use the banks for their different requirements. Banks are financial intermediaries between the depositors and the borrowers. Apart from accepting deposits and lending money, banks in today’s changed global business environment offer many more value added services to their clients. The Reserve Bank of India as the Central Bank of the country plays different roles like the regulator, supervisor and facilitator of the Indian Banking System.
Modern banking in India originated in the last decades of the 18th century. The first banks were Bank of Hindustan (1770-1829) and The General Bank of India, 1786 and since defunct. Thereafter, three presidency banks namely the Bank of Bengal, the Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras, were set up. The largest bank, and the oldest still in existence, is the State Bank of India, which originated in the Bank of Calcutta in June 1806, which almost immediately became the Bank of Bengal.
The three banks merged in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India, which upon India's Independence, became the State Bank of India in 1955. For many years the presidency banks acted as quasi-central banks, as did their successors, until the Reserve Bank of India was established in 1935.


Apollo 14 launched in the late afternoon of January 31, 1971 on what was to be our third trip to the lunar surface. Five days later Alan Shepard and Edgar Mitchell walked on the Moon while Stuart Roosa, a former U.S. Forest Service smoke jumper, orbited above in the command module. Packed in small containers in Roosa’s personal kit were hundreds of tree seeds, part of a joint NASA/USFS project. Upon return to Earth, the seeds were germinated by the Forest Service. Known as the “Moon Trees”, the resulting seedlings were planted throughout the United States (often as part of the nation’s bicentennial in 1976) and the world. They stand as a tribute to astronaut Roosa and the Apollo program.
The project began after Roosa was chosen for the Apollo 14 mission. Ed Cliff, Chief of the Forest Service, knew of Stuart Roosa from his days as a smoke jumper and contacted him about bringing seeds into space. Stan Krugman of the Forest Service was put in charge of the project and selected the seeds for the experiment. Seeds were chosen from five different types of trees: Loblolly Pine, Sycamore, Sweetgum, Redwood, and Douglas Fir. The seeds were classified and sorted, and control seeds were kept on Earth for later comparison. Roosa carried about 400 – 500 seeds in his personal kit which stayed with him as he orbited the Moon in the command module “Kitty Hawk” in February, 1971. Unfortunately, the seed canisters burst open during the decontamination procedures after their return to Earth, and the seeds got mixed together and were presumed to be no longer viable.
Stan Krugman had the seeds sent to the southern Forest Service station in Gulfport, Mississippi and to the western station in Placerville, California to attempt germination. Surprisingly, nearly all the seeds germinated successfully, and the Forest Service had some 420 to 450 seedlings after a few years (some from cuttings). Some of these were planted with their earth-bound counterparts as controls, (as would be expected, after over twenty years there is no discernible difference) but most were given away in 1975 and 1976 to many state forestry organizations to be planted as part of the nation’s bicentennial celebration.
The “Moon Tree”
Tucked away on the Apollo 14 mission as it lifted off for the Moon on January 31, 1971, were small containers carried within the personal flight kit of astronaut, Stuart Roosa. Within his flight kit were different types of tree seeds. Upon return to Earth, the seeds were germinated by the Forest Service. Known as the “Moon Trees,” the resulting seedlings were planted throughout the United States and the world. Through the efforts of Don Berryhill, Okefenokee RESA science consultant, 1970-1996, Waycross became the home for a Loblolly (pinus taeda) seedling that is now known as the “Moon Tree”.
INFORMATION FROM OUR REDEDICATION CEREMONY:
In recognition of the 50th year anniversary of Apollo 11’s first moon landing we had a Rededication Ceremony for our Moon Tree at OK RESA on Monday, May 20th at 1:00 PM. One of our guest speakers was the President of the Moon Tree Foundation, Ms. Rosemary Roosa, daughter of Stuart Roosa. Her father, Colonel Stuart Roosa, was the Apollo 14 astronaut and former smokejumper who took various tree seeds with him on his lunar mission. Scientists were curious if the seeds, after their journey through the microgravity of space, would sprout and look the same as Earth-grown trees. Upon Roosa’s return they were germinated and planted throughout the world, mostly during the Bicentennial of the United States. (Hence, the nickname, Moon Tree.) According to the NASA website, our Moon Tree is the only first generation Moon Tree planted in Georgia. (Since our ceremony, a second Moon Tree was located in Athens, GA.)
Click on this link to view all of the remaining documented first generation Moon Trees https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/moon_tree.html
The mission of the Moon Tree Foundation, a 501(c) (3) non-profit, is to educate the public about our space program and the United States Forest Service; to inspire the globe’s population with the living legacy of Moon Trees; and to honor her father astronaut Roosa. The Moon Tree Foundation envisions planting second generation Moon Trees in every country in the world. You can visit their website at Moontreefoundation.org for more information.


Drottninggatan 6, 682 30 Filipstad | Tel. +46(0)590-60 77 77 | Fax +46(0)590-60 72 78 | firstname.lastname@example.org
Welcome to the Duke Carl Hotel / Hotell Hertig Karl
A most pleasant and homely atmosphere
where You, our guest, are the centre of our attention!
Our hotel provides personal ambience, a cosy atmospehere and great hospitality.
We are conewniently situated in the centre of Filipstad, on Drottninggatan (Queens Street).
Surrounded by old cultural buildings from past decades, it maintains its historical charm in a quiet part of the city. The hotel is housed in an old patrician villa from the early 1900´s. It has been carefully renovated to the high standards of a modern hotel, without losing any of it´s charm.
The Duke Carl Hotel opened for guests during the summer of 2001 and has quickly become a popular natural choice for business as well as private visit to the city of Filipstad.
The name; Duke Carl, comes from the founder of the city of Filipstad, Duke Carl who later became Carl the IX.
We provide You with free parking in the courtyard and we have a smoke-free policy.
At our hotel, You have access to the whole world with free WiFi.
We look forward to welcoming You!


|Background||Timetables||Route Map||Vehicle Types||Fleet List|
Lough Swilly Leyland Leopard / Alexander (Belfast) 323 (72-DL-39) ex Ulsterbus (DOI 1578), seen at Letterkenny Shopping Centre in June 1998
The majority of vehicles in the Lough Swilly fleet, although the proportion is now starting to decline slightly, are second-hand Leyland Leopards. The newest ones are about 17--18 years old and the oldest 25--30 years old. They obtained a large batch from Ulsterbus in the late 1980s, of which 323 shown above is one of the very few still in service now. I think there were some representative of all the early Ulsterbus Leopards, including WZ, AOI, BOI, COI and DOI-registered buses.
The COI buses seem to be mainly Leopard PSU3B/4Rs, while all the rest are PSU3A/4Rs. I've never been on one of these but I've heard one of the Lough Swilly ones and the Ulsterbus Newtownards tow bus 9512 (DOI 1512) and the engine noise seems to have a deeper pitch---more of a rumbling noise than the newer PSU3Cs and especially PSU3Es which I'm used to.
As with most Ulsterbuses, alternate batches of these Leopards had soft dual-purpose seats and hard bus seats, and Lough Swilly don't seem to have changed the seating arrangements, at least not on the bus in the picture above, which still has hard seats. These Ulsterbuses were used on normal passenger services up to about 1992--93 I think, and some of them would have been really quite uncomfortable for long journeys over bumpy roads.
Lough Swilly Leopard / Duple 333 (75-DL-508) ex Monetgrange, Nottingham (LAL 750P) seen here at Derry Bus Station in June 1997
These coaches were obtained in the early 1990s to replace some of the Ulsterbus Leopards on normal services. This might have been about the time Lough Swilly was starting to face competition from North West Busways on some routes, using similar coaches. They're now starting to be withdrawn and aren't used very much, but the first time I went to see the Lough Swilly buses in 1997 I travelled on one from Derry to Letterkenny. It was probably about the oldest bus I've ever been on on an ordinary service, except maybe a bus in London. Even when I started school in 1989 the oldest Ulsterbuses in Downpatrick were from 1976.
The bus I was on (74-DL-89) had coach-style seats, individually sculpted but with the two seats still joined together. It was quite comfortable but very old looking at 23. Its Lough Swilly fleet number was 342, but the number displayed inside was 1375. This had been its fleet number when it belonged to Barton in Nottingham or somewhere around there. I read an article in a bus magazine once that implied that the Barton Leopards were quite famous in England; quite a few of them ended up at Lough Swilly. In 1997 the buses from Newcastle-upon-Tyne (see below) were starting to arrive, and with more new ones from Glasgow recently these older Leopard coaches are now mostly withdrawn or kept as spare buses.
Lough Swilly Leyland Leopard / Plaxton 356 (78-DL-637) ex Stagecoach Busways, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (AHN 390T), seen here behind Letterkenny Bus Station in December 1997
These coaches were obtained in 1996--97 and are used regularly on normal passenger services, although they are starting to be displaced in a few places by the new Tiger Coaches (see below). 356 shown above has been used on the 16:15 from Letterkenny to Derry both times I have travelled on it. It goes to Derry via Bridgend, and in Newtowncunningham you can change onto another bus which goes direct to Derry via Killea and gets you there a bit quicker. In December 1997 this connecting bus was an ex-Newcastle-upon-Tyne Leopard, but in June 1998 it was a new ex-Clydeside Tiger.
I enjoyed travelling on this bus because I think it gave an insight into what older buses used in England are really like; you only ever see photographs of the outside of them in bus magazines. It was a bit like a coach converted into a bus, with a bus-type partition around the driver's seat etc. There were 'Stagecoach - Welcome Aboard' signs opposite the door, reflecting the fact that Newcastle Busways had been taken over by Stagecoach. Signs like this brighten up the bus and made it more welcoming, which is maybe why Lough Swilly seems to have made no effort to remove them. The fluorescent yellow fleet numbers in the destination screen are another interesting modern feature, probably also added near the end of the bus's life in England.
Lough Swilly Leyland Leyland Leopard / Alexander (Scotland) 389 (80-DL-690) ex Clydeside, Glasgow (GCS 30V), seen in Letterkenny in June 1998
Comment about school bus services, Scottish version of the Ulsterbus shown above
Lough Swilly Leyland Tiger / Plaxton 402 (84-DL-2122) ex Clydeside, Glasgow (A179 UGB): the first bus with an allover advertising livery, seen here in Foyle Street bus station in Derry
Northern Ireland Bus Site
|Index||Ulsterbus Page||Citybus Page||Lough Swilly Page||Links|


|Knives - Collector - Custom Engraved Knive made by ...
Listed by: rick3176
Custom Engraved Knive made by M Poole and Engraved by the late Fred Henderson of Forrest Park, Ga. The knife hande is 5 " long and the blade is 11" long 2" wide. The Ellis Island Welcome Center is on one side and the Statue of Liberty is on the other side.The handle is bone nad has a medallion of the Pentagon on one side and the World Trade Centers on the other side commemorating 09/11. The engraving is absoltely unbelievable quality. Fred Henderson was a Master Engraver and a perfectionist. You can read a memorial to Fred on the Litte River Knife Club websity in their January 2005 magazine.
|Seller Details: rick3176|
|Verified FFL Dealer|
|Contact Seller via Email or call directly at:|


This quilt was sponsored and made by the Shawnee Mission Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. 3 SMDAR members also belong to the Blue Valley Quilters' Guild: Leanne Baraban, Mary Guggemos, and Nikki McDonald.
It was machine quilted by Charolette Gurwell, Jefferson City, MO
and was sent to a VA Hospital in Kentucky in June of 2008.
The pattern is called "Nancy's Fancy from the book, "A Treasury of Scrap Quilts" by Nancy J. Martin.


Chemical engineers present breakthroughs in liquid fuels and thermodynamics
“Giving birth then coming home without our baby was difficult to go through”
Podcast: 1918 special to mark the First World War armistice centenary
The unit does not currently offer any bursaries, however there are some college-wide studentships available. Please visit our studentships page for further details.


Unique spaces like this restored early 1700’s house, can make merging modern functionality with unconventional space a challenge. In wanting to preserve the original windows of this historic home, maintaining the footprint of the kitchen became the biggest obstacle of this renovation. In keeping with the house, we echoed the wood tones throughout the kitchen. Including a special addition built into the peninsula gave node to the built-ins found in this era of home. We incorporated angles in this space, to give our clients the most out from this layout. By placing the double ovens in the corner, we were able to add this updated convenient feature into the space.


This display is mounted high on a silo tower of a bakery. It consists of many segments, each containing 16 yellow/black flip-over discs; a total 1376 discs. The customer wished to display his name, the time, and the temperature, in sequence.Although notionally sealed and air purged, the large size of the display and its location adjacent to flour silos, inevitably resulted in problems with individual discs not always flipping, due to small amounts of dust on their pivots.The system also required a PC to be permanently connected.Quercus was asked to look at the original control system. After carrying out experiments it was shown that reliable operation could be achieved using a sequence of pulses to flip the disc, rather than the original simple pulses.A replacement display control system was designed and installed using a small dedicated control computer which automatically adjusts the time between summer and winter time. This was installed in 2001 and was in use until the bakery was badly damaged in a fire five years later.


Egyptian mythology explains the connection between the all-seeing Eye of Ra and Horus. The Sun god Ra ruled the world but the humans turned against him. Eye of Horus ugo-ovelgoenne.de Das Horusauge, auch Udjat-Auge oder Udzat-Auge ist ein altägyptisches Sinnbild des Im Alten Ägypten · Verwendung in der Magie · Verwendung in der. In fact, three different names are applied to this symbol: the eye of Horus, the eye of Ra, and the Wadjet. These names are based on the.
The eye of horus meaning Video
EYE OF RA (Lucifer) CERN & Antichrist 369=666 Imhotep Ptah It was often displayed artistically in combination with the was staff and the ankh , which created a combined meaning of strength, success, longevity and long life. And this facial feature is closest to that part of the forehead we associate with thinking. Views Read View source View history. This image comes from the United Copts of Great Britain website. Both the Christian cross and the ankh are strong symbols of eternal life and resurrection, so the connection can be easy to make. These uraei are intended to ward off evil spirits and the nightmares that they were believed to cause, or other enemies of the house's occupant. A myth about the Eye, known from allusions in the Coffin Texts from the Middle Kingdom c. Because Egyptian culture survived for such an immensely long time — more than two thousand years — it contains many contradictory myths as well as vastly different meanings for various symbols. The Wadjet was one of the most potent symbols of ancient Egypt symbolizing healing, restoration, protection and sacrifice. That is to say, the different tastes we experience come from touching different shapes. Eye of Horus Fact File. However, it was also known as the "Eye of Ra", a powerful destructive force linked with the fierce heat of the sun which was described as the "Daughter of Ra ". The sun disks and uraei that were incorporated into queens' headdresses during the New Kingdom reflect this mythological tie. The symbol was frequently used in jewellery made of gold, silver, lapis, wood, porcelain, and carnelian, to ensure the safety and health of the bearer and provide wisdom and prosperity. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eye of Horus. Sometimes this eye is called the Eye of Atum, although at other times the Eye of Ra and the Eye of Atum are distinct, with Ra's Eye the sun and Atum's Eye the moon. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. The solar uraeus represents the Eye as a dangerous force that encircles the sun god and guards against his enemies, spitting flames like venom. In van Dijk, Jacobus. Horus party poker app ipad an ancient Egyptian sky plus 500 testbericht, who was usually depicted as a amerikanski poker, whose eyes were originally said to be the sun and the baden baden kurhaus programm. Durch die Nutzung dieser Website erklären Sie sich mit den Nutzungsbedingungen und der Datenschutzrichtlinie pandamania game. Retrieved October http://www.frankfurt-marathon.com/, It is depicted as free keno slots games com human eye and symbolically with the long gratis spiele kostenlos ohne anmeldung and brows which are the markings of a hawk. The Oxford Handbook of the History of Mathematics. The Eye of Horus, or the Wadjet, is http://www.lancastereaglegazette.com/story/news/crime/high-in-ohio/2017/08/09/locals-say-drug-prevention-education-key-opioid-addiction-fight/552046001/ of the most important ancient Free to play online casinos Symbols, the other notable symbols are the Djedthe Was Sceptre and the Ankh.


Broadband Subsidiary: RuralBand
Virginia’s Prince George Electric Cooperative (PGEC) may not have been the earliest contender in the co-op-driven broadband movement, but it certainly holds a distinction – the first electric co-op in the state to connect a subscriber on a fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network.
The board and leadership team of PGEC began exploring the idea of broadband – what CEO Casey Logan refers to as the “fourth utility” – in 2016, then launching a pilot and connecting its first customer in 2017. The co-op’s subsequent broadband commitment was tremendous – a $25 to $30 million investment to deploy 1,300 miles of fiber supporting five counties, and 20,000 customers, both members and non-members.
The FTTH project, expected to take 10 or more years, was underway when Logan heard about Conexon’s Rural Electric Cooperative Consortium – co-ops banding together to bid in the Connect America Fund (CAF) II auction on territories to provide gigabit networks in their communities. He made a phone call to Conexon Partners Randy Klindt and Jonathan Chambers, and in short order, signed on with the consortium. Prince George Electric was ultimately awarded $15.4 million, funding that allowed PGEC to ramp its deployment, shorten its timeline by nearly half, and break-even in under three years versus the original projections of nine-to-10 years.
“It was obvious from the first call how knowledgeable Jonathan was about the ins and outs of the auction, and the expertise on Conexon’s staff was clear,” Logan said. “It was a no-brainer to join the consortium and we were very successful.


Bulletin columnist and beloved Bandera County historian Peggy Tobin was awarded the 2011 Preservation Award on Dec. 6 by the Bandera County Historical Commission. The proclamation read as follows:
Historian and Writer.
Married Don Tobin on February 1, 1942.
The mother of eight children: five sons and three daughters.
Member of the Bandera County Historical Commission for more than 50 years.
Historical Commission Chairman for over 15 years.
Author and editor of the Bandera County Historian for 15 years.
Helped secure the grant for the restoration of the Bandera County
Sponsored Western Trail Marker in Bandera Pass.
Bandera Bulletin contributing writer.
For distinguished volunteer service in preserving the History of Bandera County,
The Bandera County Historical Commission awards Peggy Tobin The 2011 Preservation Award on Dec. 6, 2011.


Art Collection | Orient Hotel, Jeruzalem
Curated and purchased an entire Israeli contemporary art collection for the Orient Hotel in Jerusalem, that is displayed as a permanent exhibition all over the public spaces.
The art collection is dedicated to reflecting the historical strata that form the archeology of its unique location. These fascinating layers of destruction and construction, which have defined the German Colony of Jerusalem, include the 19th century Templer school buildings that are now part of the Orient Jerusalem Hotel. The Orient Jerusalem Hotel is located in a compound formed by two Templer school buildings, which themselves have undergone many historical upheavals. In conceiving this Art Collection, my goal was to conceptualize the archaeological strata that have an intangible presence in this place, essentially constructing archaeological memory through art. Many of the works exhibited in the Heritage buildings, the original school buildings, reflect this goal, from the feeling of cracked earth in the sculptural woodwork of Gal Weinstein, through the almost nostalgic photography of David Adika, which hints at Middle Eastern culture, and Amir Yatziv's x-rays of Crusader houses in the Jerusalem area, which are based on topography, to Bar From's sculptures, and the maps created by Talia Yemini.


- This event has passed.
CMRC’s Craft Station at Civil War Living History Days
May 21 | 10:00 am – 12:00 pm
Each year on the weekend before Memorial Day, the Milton House Museum hosts Civil War Living History Days – a two-day celebration of this period in US history. Abraham Lincoln will open and close the weekend festivities which also include historical tours, technical demonstrations, and kid’s activities. Most activities are FREE. Some require a small fee.
This year, CMRC volunteers will be teaming up with staff from the Milton House Museum to host a music-focused Craft Station – the craft station is FREE. Kids will be making egg shakers that they can use to keep the beat at a song session hosted by a special guest at 12pm noon. We hope to see you there! It is a fantastic weekend where history comes alive.


During the 19th century during the industrial revolution century we find this very special fabric called “Elephant skin”, literally elephant skin. It was worn by the forensic workers, the roofers, the blacksmiths, in the factories of bolts or rivets, those workshops where the red-colored metal sparks burned the clothes of the laborious workmen.
The canvas had to hold this hard treatment and be both flexible and resistant like an elephant skin
This elephan skin vest, with a resistance that approaches that of leather even if it is made entirely of cotton.
German made in their legendary spirit of quality, this “elephant skin” has a weight that reaches 520 g / m2, its frame is exceptionally fine and braided using techniques of the time.
The strength of the “elephant skin” is due to this very high density of weft composed of twisted threads.
This Pike Brother vest is unique:
– strong reinforcing seams in highly stressed areas
– 100% cotton with a weight of 520 g / m2
– buttons in corozo
-Colour : Petrol
– made in Turkey
Warning ! follow the washing instructions for this particular fabric.


“For most American households the Thanksgiving celebration has lost much of its original significance. We can remediate the consumer holiday it has become by creating a Thanksgiving gathering and feast in kindergarten for the children and their families, where we give a living example of gratitude and joy for what we have and what we can share together.” – “Celebrating Festivals With Children” by Freya Jaffke
We begin sowing the seeds for Thanksgiving celebration by the observation of all the reverent moments that make up our very ordinary days throughout the entire year. Thanksgiving is a time to celebrate the harvest being in, and this has been done in different varying festivals since ancient times. The American Thanksgiving is just one festival of many that exemplifies the manifestation of the harvest as a culmination of the gratitude and reverence we share throughout the year with our children.
Thanksgiving is one of America’s oldest festivals, and one of ten federal holidays declared by the United States Congress. Although schoolchildren often trace it back to the Pilgrims and a harvest gathering, the first national observation of Thanksgiving was actually proclaimed by President George Washington in 1789. Thanksgiving was celebrated erratically after this date by individual states and at different times, and Sarah Hale, editor of the Boston Ladies Magazine and Godey’s Lady’s Book, championed the idea of having a national day of Thanksgiving for nearly 15 years before Abraham Lincoln proclaimed Thanksgiving to be the last Thursday in the month of November in 1863. You can read Lincoln’s proclamation here. It actually took until 1941, when Thanksgiving was proclaimed a national holiday by the United States Congress, to arrive at its current date of the fourth Thursday of each November.
Simple tasks that we can undertake for this festival with small children include Continue reading


Album: "REIGN IN BLOOD EXPANDED EDIT. (CD)"
15.00 лв. (BGN)
Cat. No.: WIZ00004674
Label: Def American
Genre: Thrash Metal/ Speed
Статус: Наличен / In Stock
SLAYER began to make serious headway when Rick Rubin, Owner and producer of Def Jam Records, signed the band in 1986. First fruits of this liaison was the 28 minute 'Reign In Blood' opus, a pure thrash album that took the genre to new levels of extremity. Quite incredibly the album was to break into the American Billboard top album 100 charts, the first of many.
'Reign In Blood' would come to define the very essence of both SLAYER and extreme Thrash Metal. Indeed, it would prove so pivotal to the band's career that in 2004 special show in Augusta, Georgia on 11th July would be filmed for the Dean Karr directed DVD release 'Reign in Blood Live: Still Reigning'. This saw the band running through the entire track listing of the record. Specially re-instated for these dates would be the bands 80s eagle backdrops and inverted crucifix lighting rig.
'Reign In Blood' also embroiled SLAYER into political condemnation almost immediately for the lyrics to the opening track 'Angel Of Death'. The song dealt with the infamous SS Auschwitz extermination camp doctor Joseph Mengele and many were quick to accuse SLAYER of fascist sentiments. The mighty CBS corporation, distributors of Def Jam, refused to handle the album.
The band retorted that this was merely an observation and not a belief, citing that Araya himself was far from being an all American white boy. The obviously Ayran Hanneman compounded the problem however by frequently wearing SS collar patches, iron crosses and insignia in photos and by adorning one of his guitars with cuff titles of notorious SS panzer divisions such as 'Totenkopf' and 'Das Reich'. SLAYER's tour T-shirts of the time proudly declared that the band were 'Slaytanic Wehrmacht' and featured a skull encased in a World War II German helmet. SLAYER seemed quite content to be stoking up their reputation as number 1 bad boys.
The band provoked further adverse reaction by their use of a new logo, a Nazi eagle with the swastika replaced with the SLAYER logo. The furor over 'Angel Of Death' was so great that British distributor Geffen, owned by the Jewish entrepreneur David Geffen, dropped the album from their schedules. Ironically Geffen had been quick to capitalise on SLAYER's dumping by CBS earlier.
SLAYER, on the 'Reign In Pain' tour for the first time enjoying the comforts of a tour bus, toured America with OVERKILL before European dates with openers MALICE. Such was the headliner's extreme loyalty that MALICE were very often the subject of ugly scenes, having to endure booing and, sadly, more often than not, spitting.
With the band's burgeoning popularity, former label Metal Blade were quick to capitalise releasing 'Live Undead' in limited edition a picture disc format. Kerry King unexpectedly found himself all over the radio during 1986 albeit not with SLAYER. The guitarist had donated a suitably manic solo to fellow Def Jam crew the BEASTIE BOYS number 1 'Licensed To Ill' album track ‘No Sleep ‘til Brooklyn’.
Between albums, and whilst in the midst of an American tour, Lombardo announced he was quitting in December 1986. Rumours circulated that the cause of the split was an argument over Lombardo's wife being on the road. Nonetheless, SLAYER continued with substitute T.J. Scaglione of WHIPLASH. As the tour rolled on SLAYER hooked up with W.A.S.P., an ill fated union that witnessed a bitter war of words between the two bands as to which act viewed itself as selling the more tickets.
1. Angel Of Death
2. Piece By Piece
4. Jesus Saves
5. Altar Of Sacrifice
6. Criminally Insane
9. Post Mortem
10. Raining Blood
11 Agressive Perfector
12 Criminally Insane (Remix)
Tom Araya (vocals/ bass)
Jeff Hanneman (guitar)
Kerry King (guitar)
Dave Lombardo (drums)


How Did The Anasazi Get Food itemsIt had been close to 1200 B.C. once the Anasazi started to settle down in a single place for prolonged periods of time. They domesticated and cultivated crops from 1 yr to a different. More often than not, they ate within the couple of methods which they had. Though they were much more into consuming agricultural solutions, they continued to hunt for animals for instance rabbits, prairie canine, mule, deer, elk and antelope.
Basketmaker Period of time
In this period, the Anasazi grew corn or maize as their Principal crop. It absolutely was believed that the corn have developed from teosinte and that is a variety of wild grass that's indigenous to your existing Mexico and Central America. As a result of The point that the climate while in the Southwest was Substantially colder and drier as compared to Mexicoâ€™s, it had been thought the Anasazi could experienced cross-bred numerous corn versions and afterwards picked the ones that survived most effective. Besides corn, they had been also escalating squash, Yet another variety from Mexico.
In 500 A.D., the Anasazi extra beans to their diet regime. The lengthier cooking time excellent from the beans as a whole new dietary product produced pottery as An important aspect in food storage and cooking.
Sun-Drying and Stone Grounding


The Premier League has been proud to support The Royal British Legion for many years, making a significant contribution to raise much-needed funds to help people in the Armed Forces community.
During Premier League matches played leading up to Remembrance Sunday, players wore shirts embroidered with a poppy and then will sign and donate them to the Legion to be auctioned.
The matchworn and signed shirts will be auctioned throughout November and December with the funds raised going to The Royal British Legion.
You can be notified of when the auctions will start by clicking on the "Register your interest" button of the relevant club shirts below and sending an email.
This year bespoke commemorative coins from the Royal British Legion were used for the coin toss at each of the Premier League matches paying tribute to all those involved in the First World War.
These coins will also be put up for auction with funds raised going to the Royal British Legion. You can register your interest in bidding for these coins in an email to [email protected].


Today at Oak Leaf Church we began a new series on religions of the world. We started with Mormonism and Michael did a great job going through the history and the founding documents of this faith. The religion was started by Joseph Smith in 1830 and was expanded by Brigham Young in Utah after the […]
Come to Oak Leaf the next 5 weeks to learn more about religions of the world! The messages will also be available online. The link is on the blog under Oak Leaf links!


In 1609, a small group of dissenters, seeking to practice their religion in their own way, founded a New World. In 1787, a small group of dissenters seeking to guarantee religious freedom for all, among other God given rights, founded a new nation. In 1832, a small group of dissenters, seeking to practice their religion in their own way, founded a new congregation… eventually to be known as the First Presbyterian Church of Hackensack, New Jersey.
By 1922 the church was outgrowing its building on Main Street and so property was purchased on the corner of Union and Passaic Streets for the building of a new, much larger church. The cornerstone was laid in 1929 and the new building, our home today, was dedicated on April 6th 1930. The cost of that building was $250,000. It is a testament, once again, to the dedication of those who have gone before us, for just months after the laying of that cornerstone, the country’s economy came to halt with the fall of the stock market and the beginning of a decade long depression.
Today, 187 years later – the church that was built on faith, hope and love by our ancestors continues to grow and thrive on the faith, hope and love of its current members. Today, our church is a much more diverse. We have members from Ghana, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Europe. And we are home not only to our own congregation, but also the Sojourner Korean Presbyterian Church, The Highway Holiness African American Church, the Volunteer Center of Bergen County, Twelve Step Groups and many other community organizations that call this church home.
The First Presbyterian Church of Hackensack is a member of the Presbytery of the Palisades and The Presbyterian Church USA


After the story about the Sun front page story about a home movie showing the future Queen, her mother and her uncle doing raised-arm salutes, all sorts of implications have been read into it. I’m quite sceptical; with scientific training, I can understand all sorts of complicated theories without necessarily believing them to be true.
I started from the vague idea that such a salute derived from the Roman Empire and then was revived in Italy by Mussolini. Even that is doubtful. The earliest documented example is apparently an eighteenth century painting of a Roman scene by the French artist JL David. From that it began to be incorporated into other art works such as later paintings, right down to films and TV programmes in our time.
Mussolini wasn’t the first Italian nationalist to use it, either. There are earlier examples, but not much earlier.
We have views of history that are overlaid by later events. Our views now are not how people saw it at the time. Though we now see Hitler as the dominant partner in what was to become the Axis, we forget that Mussolini was the senior partner for about 10 years from the early 1920s, when he seized power within the Italian monarchy. So the Nazis adopting the Fascist salute was a natural development. The period between the wars had examples of ‘Strong Man’ regimes in many European countries, so that, in that spectrum Hitler and Mussolini did not seem as outlandish as we recognise them to be now. In the same period, there were a number of examples of extreme left revolutions savagely put down. Right-wing authoritarians played on the fears of those disruptions to the hilt and portrayed themselves as bringers of order, albeit ones who stabilised by depriving people of human rights. There are books and articles written at the time that embody what now seems a dangerous toleration towards such movements. John Buchan’s novel ‘House of the Four Winds’ describes a coup that is backed by a rather fascistic movement against a communist government. P.G. Wodehouse created, in Sir Roderick Spode, a comical and incompetent fascist leader; his attitude served him ill when he himself fell into the hands of the Nazis. (John Buchan, by the way, devoted his last years, as Governor-General of Canada, to strengthening relations between the UK, USA and Canada in the vital run-up to World War II.)
There is a parallel story of the raised-arm salute. The so-called Bellamy salute was widely used in the USA from 1892 to 1942 to salute the flag and the national anthem, especially in schools. Twelve months into the war with the Nazis, it became an embarrassment and was replaced by the hand-over-the-heart salute that we see many presidents using in our era.
So what was the lead-up to that piece of film? It could have been something like:
What is that funny salute that the new government in Germany is insisting on? Let’s see if we can do it.
How do American schoolchildren salute the flag?
It may have been a matter of role-play. As a grandfather, I know how small children indulge in role play, and they may insist on their adult companions joining in too. Sometimes they are quite happy to take the role of people or animals that they fear, such as scary monsters.
My three explanations may not be true, but I think their just as likely as more sinister explanations I’ve heard.
We must not make bricks without straw about the events of 1933. And we must remember that all three of the people in the film learnt a lot since, especially in the succeeding ten years. In that they were typical of their contemporaries.
Altogether, a stereotypical silly season story, manipulating emotions and selling newspapers, but of little consequence.


ROME: FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE BAROQUE: THE FAMOUS SQUARES
Your itinerary begins at the scenic stairway leading from Piazza di Spagna to Piazza Navona, in ancient times a stadium for athletics commissioned by the Emperor Domitian, today a marvel of the Baroque. En route, you stop off at the famous Fountain of Trevi, an artistic masterpiece and also setting of the film "La Dolce Vita" , the Temple of Emperor Hadrian and the Pantheon, a monument of ancient Rome preserved in its entirety, its enormous dome still considered to be a miraculous feat of engineering today.
Pick up at the hotel. The tour lasts abour 3 hours.
SCENIC TOUR OF ROME ON FOOT
Scenic tour and brief introduction to the most important monuments in Rome; a walk that will open the gates of the city and its thousand-year history to you in a constructive and relaxing way.
Starting from the terrace of Castel Sant'Angelo with an all-round view of Rome and the Basilica of St. Peter, you walk through Baroque, Renaissance and Jewish districts to the Tiber Island, the Theatre of Marcellus, the Mouth of Truth and the Circus Maximus, the famous ancient stadium used for chariot-races. From here you continue to a scenic point on the Capitol, from which you can admire the Forum Romanum and the Colosseum. The tour ends at the Altare della Patria, or Altar of the Nation, the monument symbolizing the unity of Italy.
(If you have your own car, the tour also includes a visit to the Baths of Caracalla, the Aventine Hill and St. Peter's Square.)
Pick up at the hotel. The tour lasts about 3 hours.
S. ANGELO CASTLE IS CLOSED ON MONDAY


Greenport Historical Society
Information contained on this page is for The Town of Greenport (upstate New York) in Columbia County. The Town of Greenport surrounds the City of Hudson.
There is another Greenport on Long Island which is in Suffolk County. The Greenport Historical Society does not have any dealing with Greenport on Long Island.


Deep Black, The Torturer, Zinthuvianfrowgolvius
Some kind of servant lord of Chaos. He had fooled the elves of old and become a Mage of The Ascension with the name of Zinthuvianfrowgolvius. In time, he was found out to be an imposter but by that time had already planted more than one seed of Black Wood in the Silver Forests of old. When Zinthuvianfrowgolvius was uncloaked, he was called Grimtolvian, “Deep Black” in the human tongue, and was defeated in The Battle of Folsguard Falls.
In the year 348 of the Era of Prosperity, he took Yulmalvian “Flit” Flytanius Slyvorlius Toringan Alborian hostage but was apparently defeated in a cave of The Underdark under Evan’s Town in The Known Lands by the Evan’s Town Clique.


By Shelby Disla
In honor of Black History Month, I asked eight college students from eight different schools what Black History Month means to them. There’s beauty in their responses but once you know how Black History Month originated there’s also power — especially since college students are a major part of the story. Here are their words.
Deneil White, Jamaican American
The State University of New York at Plattsburgh
“Black history month in its most pure form is a time in which we are able to acknowledge both the beautiful and dark history of a group whose story is complex and full of layers. Though it is impossible to fully dissect who black people are in one month, it has given people a designated time in which we can look deep at the history that has paved the way for today’s generations. The courage of some of the world’s most impactful heroes such as Marcus Garvey, MLK, Nelson Mandela and countless others finally has a place in everyone’s life where they can be discussed without creating discomfort. As a Black man, I’ve come to realize that as much as time has progressed, there is still an unbelievable amount of racial tension in the land of the free. It is important that we look at black history as a way to not repeat the negative elements of the past while making advancements for a better future.”
Miracle Sanchez, Dominican
St John’s University
“Black history month is the very much needed space to acknowledge and celebrate Black empowerment beyond just emphasizing and profiting from the struggles Black people have and continue to experience.”
Jose Silverio, Puerto Rican & Dominican
Florida Atlantic University
“Black history month to me means a lot since it’s a month where we acknowledge the accomplishments of Black individuals from the past to present day. We acknowledge how many great people sacrificed themselves for the freedom and equal rights of Black people — that’s why it means a lot to me because it shows that standing up for your people can go a long way. Thanks to them, we have freedom today and continue the fight for equal rights.”
Tianna Carrington, Caribbean-American
“Black History Month is a month to celebrate innovators and creators. Though Black History is celebrated every day by me, it’s important to take the time during the month of February to really think about the Black people who paved and still are paving the way for Black people.”
Jessica Parra Ventura, Dominican
The State University of New York at Albany
“Excellence, acknowledgment, culture and Black love. Our blackness is pure excellence and on this month we emphasize it.”
Emmanuel Adenekan, African American
Borough of Manhattan Community College
“To me Black history month means the celebration of myself, but most importantly the great things Black people have done for the community and the nation for the past centuries. It takes place during the month of February but should be a year-round recognition and celebration.”
Ruby Bryan, Jamaican American
Fashion Institute of Technology
“Black history month highlights the love, determination, integrity, and innovation within the Black community worldwide. The Black Diaspora has planted roots in every corner of the world and has sprouted a beauty unlike any other. These strong roots have been sustaining the Black community for centuries and, while they have endured pain and suffering, they’ve also experienced joy, beauty, and love. The Black community is extremely diverse and Black History Month unifies us, letting us see the beauty that has bloomed, and allowing us to continue this nurturing. My favorite part of Black History Month is seeing a constant stream of accomplishments of Black people beyond those I may personally know and celebrating them and their success. Black history, excellence, and achievements cannot be limited to just one month, but Black History Month celebrates and spotlights our strong roots and beautiful blossoms.”
Chigozie Eke, Nigerian
University at Buffalo
“Black history month to some is just another month out of the 12, but to others like myself, it means much more. The month of February is a month of empowerment, upliftment, and pride to the Black community; The wonderful, impactful efforts and accomplishments of Black leaders, inventors, artists, writers, singers, dancers, athletes, etc, from the past to present – they’re acknowledged all throughout the month, inspiring future generations to be great and rise above all no matter what others say.”
The Origins of Black History Month
After doing my research, I found out through History.com that Black History Month goes way back to 1915 — half a century after the 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States. That year, Historian Carter G. Woodson and American Minister Jesse E. Moorland founded the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH), which works to promote the achievements of Black Americans and other people of African descent.
In 1926, the ASALH decided to sponsor a national Negro History Week. They choose the second week of February since it coincides with Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass’ birthdays. Notably, Douglass, the founder of the anti-slavery publication the North Star, was a consultant to President Lincoln and helped convince him that slaves should serve in the Union forces and that the abolition of slavery should be a priority of the war.
Negro History Week inspires schools and communities across the country. By 1929, the success and development of Black History Week were bearing fruit, with the formation of Black History Clubs, and interest from teachers and progressive white Americans.
By the late 1960s, the civil rights movement anchored growing awareness of Black identity, which led to Negro History week evolving into Black History Month on many college campuses independently.
In 1976, President Gerald Ford officially recognized Black History Month. He called upon the public to “seize the opportunity to honor the too-often neglected accomplishments of Black Americans in every area of endeavor throughout our history.” Since then, American presidents have designated February as Black History Month and endorsed a specific theme yearly. According to ASALH, last year’s theme was The Black Family: Representation, Identity and Diversity. The theme for this year was Black Health and Wellness. The 2023 theme is Anti-Black Violence and Resistance in the Diaspora.
A lot of us aren’t familiar with the history of Black History month, or that the youth, college students themselves, are part of the story. So, I thought it was important to share what Black History month means to college students decades later – our present day.


Wednesday, March 07, 2012
Tuesday, March 06, 2012
Pepsi products should be banned from every country around the globe! They are using the kidneys of aborted babies to produce flavor enhancers for their drinking products. Don't forget what caused mad cow disease. Slaughter houses fed cattle the remains of dead cows mixed with their regular food. 'Nuff said.
Support Oklahoma Senate Bill #1418
Senator Ralph Shortey
2300 N. Lincoln Blvd., Rm. 514A
Oklahoma City, OK 73105
Saturday, March 03, 2012
During the Civil War (sic), when Liberty was under the command of Federal Troops, an order had been issued by the commander that no public meetings of any nature were to be held in town. This included services of the church. Dr. W. A. Morton, a staunch southern sympathizer, was determined to keep the church doors open. The first Sunday morning the order was in effect, Dr. Morton came to the meeting house and opened the doors, preparing for the morning service, as usual. Word of this action spread rapidly through the town, reaching the ears of the commanding officer. The latter immediately sent an aide to the meeting house bearing orders that no services were to be held. The soldiers rode up to the church, found Dr. Morton, and said, “I have orders from the officer in charge of this community that there is to be no meeting here today.” Dr. Morton replied at once, “I thank you, sir, but I have orders from a higher officer than yours to have services, and we plan to obey His command.” The aide withdrew, and services were held, not only that Sunday, but every succeeding Sunday thereafter.
When word reached other members of the community that the church had met, they, too, decided to meet the next Sunday. This group was restrained from meeting, however, because the officer told them that, “If it was not worthwhile to have services last Sunday, it is not worthwhile to have services today.” The matter was closed, and the Liberty Church of Christ holds the distinction of being the only church to have services during the period of occupation by the Federal Troops.
If we were issued this same order today, would we close our doors as some of them did, or would we have the courage to stand for the truth as these brethren did and “obey God rather than man” (Acts 5:29)?


RoomKeyPMS is on the move this summer of 2016 to 440 Cambie Street in downtown Vancouver, in the Gastown district. This is a very exciting step in the company evolution, taking a space at almost three times the current office size. The historical heritage building was built in 1909 and originally was Edgett’s grocery store. In the mid-1920s, the Daily Province newspaper, which was located in the Carter Cotton Building, expanded into the Edgett Building and the two buildings were connected with a bridge over the lane. The new office location is a good example of the Edwardian Renaissance Revival style and features handsome andesite stone pilasters and cornices and large Chicago-style windows. RoomKeyPMS will be creating a truly amazing tech work environment and continue to build upon being on of the best companies to work for in Vancouver.


U.S. Army Garrison Hohenfels provides premier installation management support and services that enhance the readiness of Joint and Multinational forces, ensures the highest level of quality of life in a secure and sustainable environment, and enables Soldiers to soldier, Leaders to lead, and Families to grow.
The Hohenfels Training Area is located in the Free
State of Bavaria in the Oberpfalz (Upper Palatinate) and is
named after the market town of Hohenfels.
Throughout Bavaria's history, there were many armies that roamed this region. The city of Regensburg was founded by the Romans in 179 A.D. In 788, Charlemagne pulled Bavaria into his empire. In the 1600s, the Swedes occupied Regensburg, and Napoleon was based in Regensburg in 1809 during his fight with the Austrians.
The German Army founded the training area in Hohenfels in 1938. In 1951, it became a U.S. Forces training area and was used primarily by U.S. Forces until 1956. In 1955, the German Bundeswehr was founded, and in 1956 the first German unit was stationed in Camp Poellnricht until their inactivation in 2001.
From 1956 to 1988, the Hohenfels Training Area was used by NATO forces consisting primarily of American, German, Canadian, and occasionally British and French forces. In 1988, Hohenfels became the home of the Combat Maneuver Training Center, the mission of which was to provide realistic combined arms training for the United States Army, Europe, and Seventh Army's maneuver battalion task forces in force-on-force exercises.
CMTC was transformed and officially named the Joint Multinational Readiness Center in December 2005. This transformation leverages the unique capability of the JMRC to train U.S. forces for joint and multinational coalition warfare. With over 95 percent of foreign allies in the Global War on Terrorism coming from the EUCOM AOR, the JMRC's location in the heart of the EUCOM AOR provides the best opportunity for U.S. Forces to train with their coalition partners prior to joining them in combat. It is the largest USAREUR maneuver training area and comes under the command of the Commanding General, Joint Multinational Training Center, Grafenwoehr. More than 60,000 soldiers (U.S. and allied) train here annually.


In 1605 and the group of plotters. Tried to blow up the House of parliaments, With barrels of gunpowder. The plotters placed the barrels in the basement. They tried to kill King James the 1st and his leaders.
History behind the night
His name was also known as Guido Fawkes. According to Wikipedia. Who Presumes Fawkes was born on 13 April 1570 and educated in York. Guido father died when he was eight years old. Leaving his mother to marry a recusant Catholic.
It all came down to the laws against the Catholics. When Queen Elizabeth 1st had the throne of England. She put some laws into effect against the roman catholic. At this point, the Catholics found these laws unfair, and they hoped that King James 1st would revert these placed laws. But to their disappointment and torment, he didn’t.
When King James the 1st got the throne, he passed more laws against the Catholics. It was a bad time for the Catholics. Practicing their religion in secret. There were even fines in place for people who didn’t attend the church on Sunday, Or on holy days.
The gunpowder plot
Robert Catesby, Was the man who made the plotting group and Guido was a member of this group. They plotted to blow up The house of parliament. This is where the laws of England are made. Their plan was simple. When King James the 1st opened the parliament, They planned to blow everyone up with gunpowder.
So they bought a house next door to the parliament building. This house had a cellar which led to the cellars of the Houses of Parliament. They planned to put gunpowder under the house and blow up parliament and the king.
The group managed to get 36 barrels of gunpowder into a cellar of the parliament. and Guido had the unfortunate job to watch over these barrels and light the fuse. A group member sent an anonymous letter to Lord Monteagle. Detailing to keep away from the house of parliament on November 5th.
This letter got sent to King James the 1st, who then made plans to send his forces to search the house of parliament. On the early hours of November 5th. He carried out his job. To watch over the barrels. That same morning, Under the king’s order.
The guards search the cellar and the to their delight. They found him has hidden along with the barrels full with gunpowder.
The treason punishment
He was then arrested on the spot. He was taken to the tower of London. Where then he was tortured and questioned about the other plotters. The lieutenant of the Tower was ordered by King James to use whatever means of torture was required to get information from guy Fawkes.
Fawkes didn’t say anything at first, but as the torture carried on. He started to reveal the rest of the plotting group names. Soon as Guy gave the names over. The king ordered his forces after them, Some got shot on the spot. And the rest got sent to the tower of London.
With the success of capturing the Plotters. And to his survival, King James ordered that every person in England have a great bonfire on the night of November 5th. In 1678, the parliament introduced their own tradition. To carry a search of the parliament cellars before the opening of each new session.
Much loved traditions
Today we still carry out the tradition of building a bonfire. All, though, We do not build them as big as they would have been back in 1605. We build effigies of Guy Fawkes to place on the bonfire. Throughout the 400 years. We have added our own touch to this classic tradition. Especially with food. Potatoes wrapped in foil. We even have our own fireworks on the night.
Join the Seasonal Forum, For all firework needs and questions to best buy.
Many organizations put on firework and bonfire displays, for the general public. Most people still prefer to use fireworks in their own back garden. We have even now adopted the firework for other celebrations throughout the year. Such as weddings and birthday celebrations.


The Archive Search is a free tool offered by Digital Guitar Archive to search through collated publicly accessible material available
from the following archives and libraries. Digital Guitar Archive does not host or provide copies of digital music files from these
institutions. The Archive Search is a research utility designed to raise awareness of these historical documents and direct users
to the institutions providing the information publicly. This tool is also a proof-of-concept for the future of music research showing
a small sample of what would be capable with data-mining and digital imaging. As such, this will be an evolving tool incorporating new
features over time.


Emeritus Trustee | SEEDS – Access Changes Everything
Dr. Frankfort earned her Ph.D. in history and the history and philosophy of education from New York University while teaching at Brooklyn College’s School of Education. In 1978, she founded Sandbox Industries, for premier infant accessories. She served as President of the Tenafly Board of Education and is a board member of New York City Center. She is the former Chair of the New Jersey SEEDS Board. Dr. Frankfort lives in New York City with her husband, Lew.


With a current population of approx. 570,000, Essen is the center of the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region; after Cologne, Düsseldorf and Dortmund, the city is the fourth largest in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. As early as the end of the 13th century, Jews were first mentioned in documents in Essen; they were under the protection of the sovereign, the abbess of Essen.
Scroll down to learn more. ↓
The Old Synagogue as a "House of Jewish Culture "The interior of the synagogue now shines in a friendly apricot tone and the exhibition architecture is gently embedded in the restored architecture of the building.
In 2008, following an earlier suggestion by Paul Spiegel, then President of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, the Essen City Council decided to transform the Old Synagogue into a “House of Jewish Culture.” A new permanent exhibition was conceived, and the building refurbished. Two new exhibition levels were made accessible, and the offices moved. In 2010, the year of the European Capital of Culture, the festive inauguration of the redesigned interior was celebrated. 36,000 visitors were registered in the first year. The Old Synagogue organizes lectures, concerts, readings, and monthly political discussions; it also offers workshops for younger and older students on many Jewish topics, as well as guided tours through the interactive permanent exhibition, also for adults. With its new focus on contemporary Judaism, it is unique in North Rhine-Westphalia.
Reconstruction of the interior; the architecture once again is visible to some extent.
In 1986, the Torah shrine, the women’s gallery, and the tracery of the windows were reconstructed according to historical photographs; the false ceiling was removed and hanging lamps replicated: The architecture once again became visible to some extent.
In Essen, as in all of Germany, the number of Jews increased fourfold after 1989 due to immigration from the former USSR. Today, roughly one hundred thousand Jews are members of the communities of the Central Council, which was founded in 1950.
In the interior of the synagogue there is now a wall exhibition, you can see seating for lectures, a group is sitting together and listening to a speaker.
In 1980, following a fire in the industrial design exhibition, the Old Synagogue was established as a “place of remembrance and commemoration.” A first exhibition on the theme of “resistance against fascism” was presented, albeit without reference to the history of the building. The first director, however, established contacts with Jewish emigrants, whom the city then invited. A collection was built up and a new permanent exhibition inaugurated, which presents the history of Jewish persecution. The general history of National Socialism was assigned to the city archive. Using the old interior decoration, a panel exhibition was presented.
The entire interior of the synagogue now serves secular purposes: the building, once impressively built for its purpose, is now in keeping with the clear form language of modern furnishings and secular design standards of the time. Clear lines and rectangular forms, minimalist furniture and lighting concepts dominate the picture.
From 1960 to 1979—the period of the Wirtschaftswunder or “economic miracle”—the City of Essen exhibited chairs, fabrics, and lamps at the so-called "Haus Industrieform" ("House of Industrial Form"). The women’s gallery and the Torah shrine are torn down and a false ceiling inserted, so that the cupola was no longer visible. A part of the city’s population was not satisfied with this and wished instead to establish a memorial. There were fierce debates in the press in Essen. The Essen Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation strove to give the building a sacred character again.
The interior of the synagogue, which once housed 1400 people, is completely run-down and lies in ruins for over two decades.
After 1938, the synagogue was a burnt-out ruin with window cavities in the middle of the city. In 1953, the property is transferred to the Jewish Trust Corporation, the legal successor organization for abandoned Jewish community property in the British Zone. Stones fell from the façade. Between 1949 and 1959, the postwar community of roughly eighty war survivors set up a prayer room in the former rabbi’s house located immediately next door. They were not permitted to use the main room of the synagogue with its former 1.400 seats. The property was sold to the City of Essen in 1959, whereupon the city finally installed industrial windows. The Torah shrine has been preserved, albeit damaged. The city wanted a modern, timeless exhibition space for industrial design and tore down a large part of the interior.
One can clearly see in the black and white photography how onlookers observe the events. The imposing synagogue is burnt out, its roof truss already collapsed.
In the night of November 9 to 10, the synagogue was set on fire. The wooden benches were burned, the lead frames of the beautiful stained-glass windows melted, and the Torah scrolls were torn out of their shrine and thrown onto the square in front of the Old Catholic Peace Church. Many people watched in bewilderment. The fire department did not intervene. It protected only neighboring buildings. Hundreds of Jewish men were deported to the Dachau concentration camp and were only released if they promised to emigrate from the German Reich within a few weeks. By 1939, nearly half of the Jews in Essen had fled.
Exterior view of the stately synagogue building.
The inauguration was a grand event for the aspiring metropolis. In the 1920s, five thousand Jews were members of the synagogue community in Essen. The majority was liberal: The synagogue had a large organ, the women’s gallery was not covered with wooden lattices and curtains as in orthodox synagogues, and some prayers were recited in German. The thirty-four-meter-high domed building strove to promote respect and integration into the urban society. It was integrated into the housing development “Am Steeler Tor.” The streetcar ran around it, and the Old Catholic Church would soon follow as a neighbor.
Magnificent stained glass windows and gold mosaics in Byzantine style characterize the interior of the synagogue, which can be seen here.
Jewish families were already living in Essen in the Middle Ages, whereby their traces become lost in the sixteenth century. Jews lived continuously in the Rhineland, however, certainly since the tenth century. Around the time of the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48), Jews were permitted to live in Essen again, which was ruled by an abbess. Until well into the nineteenth century, this was a small community: In 1805, there were altogether nineteen families. After 1870, industrialization led to massive population growth. A synagogue built in 1808 became too small. In 1913, a magnificent new synagogue was built east of the city center. Rabbi Samuel Salomon, a highly educated gentleman, designed the ornamentation of the synagogue based on finds in Palestine, which was then under Ottoman administration. Magnificent stained-glass windows and gold mosaics in the Byzantine style characterized its interior.


These past few days, the war in Afghanistan became the longest war in US history, surpassing Vietnam with the dubious honor. Often times, while the media and the public focused on Iraq, Afghanistan was forgotten, and thought of as “that other place in the mideast people are fighting terrorism.” But to this date, we’ve been there 8 years, 8 months and 9 days.
But the reasons for our invasion were hasty and born out of a climate of angst, torment and passion during the throes of the post 9/11 nation. Merely a month after the hijackings and crashes, the US commenced military operations against the Taliban government of Afghanistan. The region had a long history of foreign interference going back to 1839, with a destabilized and poor population lacking basic resources and infrastructure. Up until the 1990s, the Afghan people had served as a “poker chip” in a struggle for dominance in the region between superpowers situated around the globe.
Though the focus of the war has shifted to outing the Taliban, the original reasons for entering the Afghan theater was to eliminate protective cover for al Qaeda, which along with Osama Bin Laden, was credited with the 9/11 attacks. However, there is significant speculation that al Qaeda does not exist. Not that there are not radical, violent men with weapons out in the desert somewhere – but what we call al Qaeda is a “way of working,” as Tony Blair phrased it, and the intricate, highly organized terrorist network we have come to fear and loath is a myth – and myths are powerful vehicles for people to derive meaning from. Whether men now openly claim to be part of the organization or officials label targets as al Qaeda operatives/agents/terrorists/fighters/whatever, the term is a powerful, recognizable term, like a glittering generality with as much charm as Benito Mussolini.
Still, the US is out there, for whatever reason. Now it’s eliminating the Taliban and their record of oppressing women. But do you want to solve human rights crises around the world? Pick your issue, spin a globe, close your eyes, and point. You could wind up anywhere from Israel to your backyard. People will always find a political reason to wage war. One clothes the stain of shamefulness with the cloth of righteousness. And while innocent people die, angry men take up arms, and misguided Christian soldiers continue to march onward, and blood continues to be shed around the world.
As a friend joked to me, we’re making progress in sustainable warfare. It used to be that things were rationed and the entire nation’s resources went towards the cause. The role of propaganda on American civilians was more important, and conscientious objection was a big deal. But today, it’s an all volunteer army, America’s GDP still exceeds everybody else’s (for now), and we play lots of video games filled with simulated atrocities, even glorifying the heroic eddas of our past.
Are we getting used to being at war? After all, the US has been involved in some sort of military conflict at any given place on the globe since we got out of WWII. But this is a sustained action; so long as we’re comfortable, nobody notices. But Christians must consider their place in these times. Given that there are those who still croon about the US being a Christian nation, we must consider how the state would behave if the people who ran it were in fact Christ-followers.


Jasper, named in honor of Sergeant William Jasper, an American Revolutionary War hero, was settled around 1815, but was not incorporated until August 18, 1886.
During the Civil War, Union troops marching toward Selma burned the courthouse and several other buildings in town and raided neighboring farms for supplies.
The first significant growth of the area was realized in 1886, when the Kansas City-Memphis & Birmingham and the Sheffield & Birmingham Railroads were completed through Jasper. The population grew from 200 people in 1886 to more than 3,000 in 1890. In a special edition in 1891, the Mountain Eagle stated there were six coal mines, two sandstone quarries, 400 coke ovens, one foundry and machine shop, two saw mills, one brick works, four hotels, and two banks.
President Franklin Roosevelt visited the town in 1940 to attend a memorial service for his friend and supporter, William Bankhead.