History of RaiganjThe legend of Raiganj goes back to the days of Mahabharata. It is believed that the Pandavas had taken shelter in some place near Raiganj during their period of exile. That place named as Panchbhaya holds the famous legacy of that era. Some people say that Dinajpur was once ruled by a Hindu king called Ganesh during the period between 1514 and1518. He was also called as Danujmardandeva. Dinajpur was probably named after him.
According to some historians, King Ganesh had gifted the entire land of Dinajpur to Kashi who was his nearest relative. He was a pious Brahmachari who later donated it to his favorite disciple, Srimanta Dutta Chowdhury.
Mughal Era in Raiganj
During the mughal period (1556-1606) Emperor Akbar divided the entire empire into 15 parts. Raiganj was in the jurisdiction of Dinajpur. However, Raiganj entered its golden era during the rule of Dinajpur Raj Ramnath who reigned from the year 1722 till 1760.
Hindu Revival Period of RaiganjRaiganj also witnessed the revival of Hinduism. When Sri Chaitanya Deva started the movement to revive Hinduism, he visited a place near Gaur called Ramkeli where Hinduism was rejuvenated. Raiganj got its name in this period. The influence of Vaishnava religion also prevailed in Raiganj.
According to some historians, West Dinajpur District was a part of Pundravardhana kingdom also known as Mahasthangarh. Pundranagara was a great Buddhist centre during the Mauryan Period.
Freedom Struggle in RaiganjThe British took over the district of West Dinajpur in 1765. Later in 1905, Bengal was divided by the East India Company. The fight for freedom started in West Dinajpur in 1919. Mahatma Gandhi had also visited Raiganj during his struggle for freedom of the country from the British rule. The Quit India Movement in 1942 saw active participation of both Hindus and Muslims of Raiganj. The British East India Company was overthrown by the Indian Union in 1947.
Raiganj after IndependenceRaiganj was declared "National" on 15th august, 1947. Later Raiganj was included in the partitioned India. The declaration was made on 17th august in 1947. The national flag was then hoisted in Snehalata Park and Independence day was celebrated in Raiganj. That Khadi flag is still preserved here.
Evolution of Raiganj SadaAccording to ancient history, Dinajpur named after King Danuj, was divided into two districts namely Dinajpur that is presently in Bangladesh and West Dinajpur. This took place in 1947. The latter comprised both Uttar and Dakshin Dinajpur before April in 1992. The bifurcation of the district West Dinajpur led to the birth of Uttar Dinajpur District. Raiganj and Islampur were the subdivisions of Uttar Dinajpur. After the bifurcation of West Dinajpur, Raiganj became the District Sadar.
Raiganj has occupied a remarkable niche in ancient history and has developed culturally and economically over the past few years.


Thomas R. Gardner began his real estate appraisal career at the Texas Highway
Department in 196--,and worked his way up to be one of the most respected and revered real estate appraisers in the Austin area. He obtained his MAI from the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers in 1976, and was heavily involved with the South Texas Chapter of the Society of Real Estate Appraisers, as president of the Austin Chapter in 1968 and 1972. Tom also served as president of the South Texas Chapter of the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers in 1982. Tom primarily appraised commercial and specialty properties, and when he and Derry formed Gardner Appraisal Group, Inc. in 1983, Derry began the ranch real estate arm of the firm. Tom worked and consulted until his retirement in 2000. Tom died May 30, 2012, and Derry is carrying on Gardner Appraisal Group, Inc.
Click here to view a profile for Derry T. Gardner
Click here to view a profile for Cameron W. Schuster


From now until the end of Monday 17th 2016 we are automatically including a free Norman NC6 Cavalry Command Set (3 miniatures worth 1.80GBP) containing a General, an Officer and a Standard Bearer to celebrate the 950th Anniversary of the Battle of Hastings fought on this day in 1066. To get this free set of miniatures all you need do is place an order of any size within this period for any Norman (N or NC) or Saxon (SA or SAC) code, even one miniature, and we automatically will do the rest for you.
You can learn more about the battle HERE and if you want to go straight to our 15mm Normans click HERE and our 15mm Saxons click HERE. Otherwise please read on.
15mm.co.uk has a large range of Dark Age historical miniatures in the Isarus pages of the website. All of these miniatures can be purchased as single castings. There are fifteen categories including Byzantines and Arabs and Mongols but today we are celebrating the two sides at Hastings. The Normans and the Saxons.
There are fifteen different codes in this part of the Isarus range including Archers, Spearmen, Crossbow, Knights and Retainers as well as command on foot and mounted. See them HERE.
There are twelve different codes in this part of the Isarus range including Huscarl, Thegns, Fyrds as well as warriors and cavalry plus command. See them all HERE.
Additionally if you would prefer a Saxon Cavalry Command Set (SAC1) with two miniatures worth 1.20GBP instead of the Norman one just email us with your order number to firstname.lastname@example.org and we will do that for you.
15mm.co.uk currently has two pro-painted but not based 15mm historical armies in stock. You can see these on the website HERE. We have a Norman Army of 127 pieces and a Saxon Army of 230 pieces and these are at a great price. We will base these to any system you like and it is first come first served as we have only one of each in stock. You get a further discount if you purchase both of them. If you have any questions please email email@example.com and ask. Order up and send your basing requirements and the name of your chosen rule set to us with the order number. This is a great deal to get you on the table in one step and delivery is free worldwide. Apologies if this has been sold by the time you click through, if you would like a painted quote email and ask us and we are happy to assist you.
Godwinson or William either way it was a hell of a fight!
Thanks for Reading,


The $1,200 First Place prize for each of the Professional Rising Star events
is generously sponsored by The John and Grace Saionz Memorial Dance Fund.
Dance first brought John and Grace together at the Arthur Murray Dance Studio in Toledo, Ohio, where they met in the late 1950s. They soon moved to New York where John opened successful dance studios in New York City and Philadelphia. His leadership and mentorship inspired many budding dancers and teachers and encouraged them to perform at their very best. The New York studio expanded and through the years took on all the time larger and more prestigious spaces, including an entire floor of the former Gotham Hotel on Fifth Avenue and 55th Street. After John’s sudden passing in 1981, Grace managed the Manhattan studio and went on to open additional studios in Brooklyn Heights and Westchester. Through the John and Grace Saionz Memorial Dance Fund, their three daughters aim to honor the memory of their parents and celebrate their love of ballroom dance.


Save the Date: Saturday April 29th
The 50th Anniversary of St. Joseph’s “On the Hill” will be celebrated Saturday, April 29, at the 4:30 Mass, followed by a refreshment reception. Our church building was dedicated by Bishop Foery on the same date in 1967.
We Remember the Past, Treasure the Present and Embrace the Future.
Thank you to those who have generously shared their photos for the 50th Anniversary Celebration. We have scanned the photos we can use. Please stop by the rectory to reclaim you photos.


The Weavers Corner is owned by Gregory and Martha Richard of Boston, Kentucky. We are celebrating over thirty-nine years in business!
When we first opened our shop in August 1977, we had two looms and provided weaving supplies and lessons. Along the way, we have raised sheep, sold wool, spun yarn, and woven countless yards of fabric. Since moving to Kentucky we have built a new studio and concentrate on producing cotton towels, and table linens.
We have woven rugs for the Colonial Williamsburg Lodge, towels and table linens for the Shaker Villages in New Hampshire and Kentucky, area rugs for historic homes, and curtain yardage for restoration projects. Our products are also woven for shops, interior decorators, individuals, and catalog companies.


Steam Workshop::Medieval House [Design 1]
The first changes in the layout of the medieval Kraków houses brought the beginning of the fourteenth century, when due to the inconvenience of moving to the Now $54 (Was $̶6̶9̶) on Tripadvisor: B&B Medieval House, Viterbo. See 542 traveler reviews, 203 candid photos, and great deals for B&B Medieval House, 8 Jun 2020 1.8k votes, 42 comments. 742k members in the Terraria community. Dig, fight, explore, build! Nothing is impossible in this action-packed Browse and download Minecraft Medieval House Maps by the Planet Minecraft community. 19 Free Medieval House 3d models found.
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Each has its Our village is located in Kind pastorate and has over 30 churches and chapels. Here you will also find the medieval castle Torpa Stenhus. Kommentarer ✓ Foton ✓ Tips ✓ Faciliteter ✓ Priser - 163.27 USD(135.00 EUR) i Information om Hotell ✍ Hotellrecensioner ☘ Det som skiljer detta hotell Hämta den här Cartoon Magic Castle Fairytale Medieval House Vector vektorillustrationen nu. Och sök i iStocks bildbank efter ännu mer royaltyfri vektorgrafik ART, ORGANIC FARM AND MEDIEVAL CASTLE.
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Beskrivning I plan on making more Medieval buildings, so stay tuned! This item is made by Joepocalypse. Mar 2, 2019 - The medieval castle in Turku, Finland. Half-timbered house of 1438 in historic city centre of Basel with a view on the river Rhine.
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Available in any file format including FBX, OBJ, MAX, 3DS, C4D
Houses are the dwelling places of villagers and are required for both the player's family and other villagers. Each house can be inhabited by two adult villagers, who may have one or two children if they are of different genders. Each house also contains a cauldron for cooking (but NOT a cooking grate). Houses are the only type of buildings whose walls and roofs can be customized by the player
A Model of a Medieval-era house. - Medieval House - 3D model by RecMan04 (@RecMan04) [aceaae9]
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Medieval houses have up to two rooms whereas modern day homes have four or more.
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Medieval-house 3D models ready to view, buy, and download for free. Now $54 (Was $̶6̶9̶) on Tripadvisor: B&B Medieval House, Viterbo.
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Learn about the most The craftsmen of the Middle Ages, also known as medieval craftsmen, made many crafts that include shoes, clothes, paintings, sculptures, locks, keys, sword The craftsmen of the Middle Ages, also known as medieval craftsmen, made many crafts A medieval summoner was hired by the church to call out those who had sinned or committed spiritual crimes. Summoners were often of the lower class. A medieval summoner was hired by the church to call out those who had sinned or committed s Medieval Sieges - Medieval sieges involved surrounding and cutting off supplies to the castle, scaling the walls and ramming doors. Learn more about medieval sieges. Advertisement What happens when an invading army entered a territory and During the medieval era, village stewards represented the lord, effectively controlling the town or city. They were answerable to the lord.
Medieval house dating back hundreds of years - Lantlig - Houzz
Model information: There are 2 versions, full version is with: Polygons: 17 109 Vertices : 22 817 and 20 Feb 2015 Although most of the buildings constructed during the middle ages were made of malleable materials like, straw, wattle and daub, cob and 19 Jun 2015 Modeling the House Step 1 I will make a generic model, so the background image setup is not compulsory. Some reference, however, should 22 Nov 2018 There is a caveat regarding Chiswick House in as much as it does Medieval halls were the essence of communal living being home to the 26 Mar 2018 Size : 250mm x 330mm x 230mm Figures : 4 Animals : 4 Hello lego fans! This is lego ideas project : Medieval House This set is composed of This stunning medieval house was painstakingly dismantled in 2015 to make way for our exciting new visitor centre. Find out more here. medieval house concept - Поиск в Google Fantasihus, Modell, Arquitetura, Dioramas, the Middle Age houses by HeNN - HeNN - CGHUB via PinCG.com. Detta rum har utsikt över floden.Medieval House erbjuder boende med balkong och vattenkokare, cirka 200 meter från Ventimiglias strand. B&B Medieval House har ett centralt läge i Viterbo, 400 meter från Viterbos katedral och 300 meter från Viterbos tågstation.
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EMPIRE STATE OF MIND: overhauling the history we teach
In this episode:
Has our failure to understand Britain’s history played a role in recent political events? This week, we discuss teaching about the British Empire in schools with Professor Gurminder Bhambra, expert in postcolonial studies, and Jason Todd, former history teacher and now lecturer in history education. They give us an overview of the British Empire, before explaining its current place in history lessons and how we could do much better.
And comedian John Kearns wants fines for people who don't vote, witness protection for all and plaques showing where rich people live.
Gurminder Bhambra (@GKBhambra), Professor of Postcolonial & Decolonial Studies at University of Sussex
Jason Todd (@JJtodd1966), Lecturer in History Education at University of Oxford
John Kearns (@johnsfurcoat), double Edinburgh award-winning comedian
History in schools
Runnymede Trust: Teaching Migration, Belonging and Empire in Secondary Schools (Jul 2019)
The Guardian: Migration and empire 'should be taught in English schools' (Jul 2019)
Brexit & the British Empire
Byline Times: Brexit and Empire: Nostalgia for a Nation That Never Was Is Driving Britain Over a Cliff (Jul 2019)
Rahul Verma: Brexit trade delusions show why Britain needs to confront its history of empire (Jun 2019)
Gurminder Bhambra: The imperial nostalgia of a ‘Small Island’ (Jun 2018)


Doing a quick post to show you this family tree decor item that Dysfunctional Designs has created for today’s Fifty Linden Friday. The top I’m wearing is also out for today’s special pricing of fifty lindens.
I’ve always been fascinated with our family history and always enjoy hearing the stories told by my grandmother or other older members of the family. It’s on my father’s side of the family where it gets a little sketchy as most of the older generation are long gone. I’ve been wanting to do that ancestry DNA testing to get a glimpse of the ethnic mix in our family and hopefully gather more details on our family history. Has anyone ever done this testing? I’d be curious to know.


Nelsonville was the home of the Paul Bunyan Festival, a timber industry trade show, for over 75 years. This year, the Ohio Forestry Association decided to relocate the Paul Bunyan Show to Guernsey County, and thus Nelsonville was no longer allowed to use the name "Paul Bunyan Festival" for their event. ROBBED!! I don't know if we got there too late in the day, but pretty much all there was to see was:
I really wanted to see Paul Bunyan, but he must have been at the OTHER festival.


Sunday, 3 March 2019
Sunday, 13 March 2016
The Look Out - CumberlandMy father Ron Shaw, has always been a big hiker so when we moved to Cumberland he was over-joyed at the trails and history walks. These hikes became a weekly activity for my family and I was lucky to see lots of history the Valley had to offer at a young age. He took me to see old mines, Comox Lake on both sides, the lookout, Bevan, Chinatown and many other places.
My name is Robin L.A. Shaw and I have lived in the Valley almost my entire life. I moved to Cumberland from Courtenay when I was ten years old. I lived in Comox before that. So I have made a good part of the valley my home at one point or another. I lived and grew up in the Village until I was in my twenty's when I moved back to Courtenay.
I became fascinated by the history here in the Valley, and my fascination just grew stronger in about grade 5 when my teacher Mr. Ron Bannerman opened my eyes to the world of the past with his great stories about the history here. I had already seen a lot of the old mines, train tracks, and all the old Cumberland homes but he taught us about the history of it all and left me with this nagging feeling that I wanted to know more. The amount of history that I learned from that one man amazes me everyday and the amount of places my Father managed to know about is astonishing for anyone.
Mr. Bannerman was a well known man in the Valley and had many old students that loved him.
He suffered from a heart attack the year he taught me and our class. We tried very hard to be the best students for him when he came back and Mr. Bannerman taught for awhile longer before his health just couldn't handle it anymore and he "retired". I say retired in that way because a man like that never truly retires. They just find other ways of working because they cannot just stop. I used to see Mr. Bannerman around Cumberland tending to gardens at parks, being a part of the neighbourhood and just being an all around great person.
I loved bumping into him. He always had something nice to say. He never forgot my name, not like the other teachers who had trouble remembering your name outside of class, let alone 10 years later. I was lucky to have him as my teacher. He made everything so easy to learn with all his great stories. He had a perfect one for every occasion.
He passed away a few years ago and his lose was felt by many.
His daughter is becoming a well known author and loves history herself. I can see why of course with a great father like that. Here is a small article about her and a link to her site.
In conclusion my history interest began at a very young age. It was motivated by my father through hikes and through learning from the greatest teacher I ever had.
Now that you know why I love Comox Valley history we can move onto the learning about it part. Check out all my great pages in the right sidebar and all my fun links on the left.
All writing by
Robin L.A. Shaw
I would like to add that any photo you see not marked is owned by me. Feel free to use them for educational purposes.


The Performance Industrial team is always working to help those around us, and May is especially important to us as our nation comes together to celebrate the heroism of our veterans on Memorial Day. Many celebrate the long Memorial Day weekend with barbecues and family get-togethers, but Memorial Day is so much more than a chance to kick off the summer months. At its heart, Memorial Day is a day to solemnly honor all men and women who have fallen in service of the U.S. military. Memorial Day is a day of both celebration and grief, accounting for the honor of our heroes and reflecting on their tragic loss.
Does Memorial Day have meaning to you? Many communities around the United States have Memorial Day events at cemeteries where veterans and spiritual leaders speak. Other cities and towns host parades to honor the military. For Performance Industrial, it is a chance to give back, and we strive to honor our military and remember those that we’ve lost, not only on Memorial Day, but throughout the year.
Performance Industrial was founded on a culture of patriotism. We are a proud American company, and we do our best to be loyal citizens. Whether we’re out helping our local Veterans or delivering new American flags to our customers to replace old ones that are worn or tattered, we believe in honoring the red, white, and blue. Our owner Bill Miller and Operations Manager Sean Willcoxon both serve on the Board for Folds of Honor NY, and it was through their common interest in public service that they became friends. Through their friendship, Sean joined Bill and Karen at Performance Industrial in September of 2022.
Bill has been a huge supporter of the organization, Folds of Honor New York, for the past four years. Folds of Honor ensures that families who have sacrificed so much for our country receive the education and opportunities they deserve. Since 2007, Folds of Honor has provided life-changing scholarships to the spouses and children of America’s fallen or disabled military. They recently expanded their mission to include the families of America’s first responders.
Folds of Honor began with Lieutenant Colonel Dan Rooney’s flight home from his second tour of duty in Iraq. He was an F-16 fighter pilot in the Oklahoma Air National Guard and became painfully aware of the realities families face when a loved one in uniform is fallen or disabled. The event that sparked his passion was when his flight landed, and the pilot announced they carried the deceased remains of Corporal Brock Bucklin on board. Lieutenant Colonel Rooney watched as Corporal Bucklin’s twin brother walked somberly alongside the flag covered casket to meet his family on the tarmac. Among them was the deceased Corporal’s young son, Jacob.
Since that night, Lieutenant Colonel Dan Rooney has committed his life to rallying patriotic Americans and blending sacrifice with hope through the Folds of Honor. As a Class A Member of the Professional Golfers’ Association of America, he created a better way to give back to our nation’s heroes with a round of golf! This made it easy for all to participate whether they are an individual or a club. Just get out there and play, donate, and make a difference in the lives of military and first responder families! The Folds of Honor of New York will launch their 1st Annual Patriot Golf Classic on Monday, June 26, 2023, at The Edison Club!
At Performance Industrial, our commitment to community is the fabric of who we are. As we enter our 37th year in business, we understand that with opportunity comes responsibility. When you live and work in a community that supports you, it is only right to pay the goodness forward. We look forward to continuing this tradition for many more years!


Twitter was one of the early platforms that came to scale and had a large impact on how social media has shaped up. It is reaching many areas of life. Their role in the political arena has been the most important element among all.
It has played a role in organising political positions and groups and – likely – amplified some political movements. It was purported to play a big role in political movements in the Middle East in the early 2010s. But it came full circle back to its originating country and may have given one particularly active user on the platform the last few votes to become president of the most powerful country. His predecessor was and is still very active on Twitter as well (and has the most followers of all users).


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Supporting Churches of Faith Christian School
Faith Christian School was founded in 1975 by three Baptist churches in the Pound area. Our building was acquired by the three churches in a public auction during the summer of 1975. Currently Section Eight Baptist Church and First Baptist Church, both of Pound, are the supporting churches of the school. The school board consists of members from these churches.
First Baptist Church is an independent Baptist church located on Highway 141 in Pound. It was founded in 1888 as the German Polish Baptist Church of Pound. In 1902 they became the Polish Baptist Church of Pound, and in 1948 they changed the name to First Baptist Church. The current pastor is Reverend James Frisby. Andy Rodriguez is the youth pastor. The church phone number is (920) 897-3678.
Section Eight Baptist Church is also an independent Baptist church. It is located in the eighth section of the township of Pound. It was founded in 1901. The current pastor is Reverend Scott Barker. Ben and Brooke Franklin work with the youth ministry. The church phone number is (920) 897-2502. For detailed directions to Section Eight,


We are proud to be a part of the historic Deanwood community, one of the oldest neighborhoods in Northeast Washington, D.C. Deanwood’s relatively low-density, small wood-frame and brick homes, and dense tree cover give it a small-town character that is unique in the District of Columbia. The neighborhood was once home to Nannie Helen Burroughs, an early civil rights leader and the founder of the National Training School for Women and Girls, an independent boarding school for African-American girls founded in 1909 and located on 50th Street, NE. Singer Marvin Gaye was also born and raised in this neighborhood. From 1921 to 1940, Deanwood was also home to Suburban Gardens (50th and Hayes NE), a black-owned amusement park that served thousands of African-American residents during a time of racial segregation.
These days, Deanwood retains some of its historic pride, yet faces challenges like many parts of this city East of the Anacostia River. At Peace Fellowship, we are dedicated to coming alongside our neighbors to support the good things God is already doing here, partnering with others to see God’s kingdom come more fully, and naming the evils of injustice, violence, and poverty which affect so many here.


WELCOME to the BARLOW FAMILY
Pictured are Beryl V. Burns’ paternal and maternal ancestors.
That’s Robert L. Burns on the left, followed by his parents (John D. Burns and Annie Virginia McNair), his grandparents (Thomas L. Burns, Mary A. F. Geddie , William G. McNair and Nancy A. Higdon), and two great-grandparents (John Higdon and Rebecca M. Overstreet). Next is the maternal line, showing Leo Louise Langley on the left, followed by her parents (Thomas L. Langley and Desdamona E. Funderburk), two grandparents (Thomas E. Langley, and Lavenia A. Norwood), and one great grandmother (Caroline Calloway).
Thomas Barlow (1635-1678) emigrated from England to Isle of Wight, VA, in 1653. I have attempted to research as many of his descendants as I could find, their marriages, and the ancestors of their spouses.
Thomas was a planter in Isle of Wight, as was his son, George, and his grandson, Thomas. The next generation, Jesse, was in Warwick Co., VA. Jesse’s son, Thomas, served in the Revolutionary War, lived in Warwick and Brunswick counties, VA, Wake Co., NC, Edgefield Co., SC, and Laurens Co., GA. The next generations – Richard, James, and Simon – were in several counties in GA. Then some of Simon's sons ventured into FL.
To view the participants in this story, just click on Surname Index, choose a subject, and enjoy.


A great deal of criticism has been heaped on the first-year composition research paper going back, at least, to Richard Larson’s objections to it in 1982 as a “non-form of writing.”1 These assignments often lead first year students to choose uncontroversial topics, to fail to make a compelling argument, to include unexamined presuppositions, and to insert random citations to meet the requisite number of sources.
Bringing students into the archives opens a new avenue for undergraduate research. By examining a small number of primary sources, my students develop close observation and reading skills that lead to more focused and nuanced arguments. To give students a greater stake in their writing, I purposefully choose documents that my students can connect to on a local and personal level. Because they are engaged in the subjects and intrigued by archival collections, students produce more interesting and meaningful research papers.
Over the last two years, several colleagues and I have developed and implemented a curriculum for “Pathways to Freedom: The Struggle for Freedom in Brooklyn,” a learning community with linked composition and history courses. At the heart of the year-long sequence is the study of archival documents related to key moments in local African American history.
To better understand the history of slavery and abolition in New York State, the students examine slave bills of sale and runaway slave ads from the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The following semester, the students use the Arnie Goldwag Brooklyn Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) collection and the Richetta Randolph Wallace papers to study the 20th century Civil Rights movement in Brooklyn.
The special collections library, as Sandra Roff (2007) suggests, is a place to find a “hidden history,” not just “a dusty room, filled with old, brittle documents, [but] … a place alive with endless possibilities.”2 In such collections, students can discover stories of less documented people and events, gaining an appreciation not only for a specific moment in history but also for the methods and goals of historical inquiry.
One of the goals of the learning community is to awaken a curiosity about local history and the causes of racial discrimination and inequality. By the end of the year, students should have developed basic research skills; they should be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources, develop research questions, integrate sources, and use library databases.
Looking at compelling documents from the past makes the research process more meaningful and personal for students. It also allows me to model essential document analysis skills: close reading, summarization, and interpretation.
The slow, intentional reading demanded by archival research is increasingly important in an information-saturated age nicely crystallized by the Internet slang TL;DR, or “Too Long; Didn’t Read” (a common student response to reading assignments). Reading a slave bill of sale in difficult-to-read script requires students to read slowly and closely – a stark contrast to the instant gratification they get from Facebook or other social media.
The partial story, fragmented and full of omissions, told by the archives invites students to ask probing questions about what can and cannot be gleaned from the historical record. For example, examining arrest records related to a 1963 Civil Rights protest provides many clues but few clear-cut answers to what happened that day.
Because students are engaged by the research topic, they are motivated to puzzle over the meanings of a document, to pose questions, and to find the answers by reading deeply and carefully in secondary literature. Thus students avoid making presuppositions based on superficial rehearsals of what they already know.
For example, one student’s interest in an NAACP book, Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States, in the Richetta Randolph Wallace papers led her to investigate the Jesse Washington lynching case in books by Robert Zangrando (1980) and Patricia Bernstein (2006).3 In her research essay, this student concludes, “Although [the NAACP] failed to bring the lynchers to justice, the effort to make [Hamilton’s] story known far and wide, and [to] raise awareness was a huge success. It was also the beginning of the battle against lynching that would last for years.”
Part of the archive’s appeal to my students is what Lucy Lippard refers to as the “lure of the local.”4 Students encounter documents that reveal the history of the very streets they walk, and they gain a sense of empathy for the historical actors they study.
Another student reflected, “Before…I had no idea what archival research was…. Examining actual slave bills of sale from the 1700s was amazing. I was in awe when I held actual documents that were produced during the time of slavery. I was also amazed at the fact that these documents were based on events that took place in Brooklyn, my hometown.”
Through their encounter with the archives, these students have learned to read closely, delve deeply, and connect personally and intellectually to their research. Their papers, which are qualitatively better than those I used to get, attest to the value of archival study as an exciting point of entry to the research process.
1) Richard Larson, “The ‘Research Paper’ in the Writing Course: A Non-Form of Writing,” College English vol. 44, no. 8 (December 1982): 811.
2) Sandra Roff, “Archives, Documents, and Hidden History: A Course to Teach Undergraduates the Thrill of Historical Discovery Real and Virtual,” The History Teacher vol. 40, no. 4 (August 2007): 557.
3) Robert L. Zangrando, The NAACP Crusade Against Lynching, 1909-1950 (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1980); Patricia Bernstein, First Waco Horror: The Lynching of Jesse Washington and the Rise of the NAACP (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 2006); National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), “Thirty years of lynching in the United States, 1889-1918,” 1919; Richetta Randolph Wallace papers, 1978.137; box 3, folder 3; Brooklyn Historical Society.
4) Lucy Lippard, The Lure of the Local (New York: New Press, 1998).
To cite this page:
Deborah Mutnick, “The Appeal of the Archives: Engaging Students in More Meaningful Research,” TeachArchives.org, accessed [insert date here], http://wwww.teacharchives.org/articles/more-meaningful-research/.


1701 ～ 1714年 War of the Spanish Succession “France : Louis XIV ( 1638-1715 ) × Habsburg : Karl VI ( 1685-1740 )”
● Cremona governance countries España ( 1513 ～ 1524, 1526 ～ 1701 ) – France ( 1701 ～ 1702 ) – Republik Österreich / Habsburg ( 1707 ～ 1848 )
● Casa Savoia : 1713年 Regno di Sicilia – 1720年 Regno di Sardegna / Torino – 1848年 The First War of Independence – 1859年 The Second War of Independence – 1866年 The Third War of Independence
● Luigi Rodolfo Boccherini ( 1743-1805 ), 1743 Lucca / 1757 Vienna “The court employed” / 1761 Madrid / 1771 String Quintet Op. 11 No. 5 ( G 275 ) : Italian cellist and composer
Marie Antoinette ( 1755-1793.10.16 ) 1770年 She married Louis-Auguste ( 1754-1793.1.21 ) / ” Louis XVI ( 1774 ) “ at the age of 14. 1793年 ” Louis XVI ” ( 1774 ) / Louis-Auguste ( 1754-1793.1.21 )
● Johann Peter Salomon ( 1745-1815 ), Bonn / Prussia / ca.1780 London / 1791 ～ 1792, 1794 ～ 1795 Franz Joseph Haydn : Violinist
□ François-Xavier Tourte ( 1747-1835), Paris : Bow maker
● Carl Stamitz ( 1745-1801 ), Mannheim / 1762 Mannheim palace orchestra / 1770 Paris / Praha, London : Violinist
● Johann Anton Stamitz ( 1754 – ‥ ), Mannheim / 1770 Paris / 1782 ～ 1789 Versailles / ‘ 1798‥1809 Paris ‘ : Violinist
● Bernhard Heinrich Romberg ( 1767-1841 ), “The Münster Court Orchestra” / 1790 Bonn “The Court Orchestra” / He lengthened the cello’s fingerboard and ‘Flattened’ the side under the C string : German cellist and composer
● Rodolphe Kreutzer ( 1766-1831 ),Versailles / 1803 Wien “Kreutzer Sonata ” Ludwig van Beethoven 1770-1827, Paris 1795 ～ 1826 ‘Conservatoire de Paris’ – 1796年 Caprices – 1807 comprises 40 pieces – “42 Études ou Caprices” / Genève, Swiss : Violinist
● Pierre Baillot ( 1771-1842 ), Paris : Violinist
● Pierre Rode ( 1774-1830 ), Bordeaux / 1787 Paris / 1804 Saint Petersburg, Moscow / 1812 Wien ” Ludwig van Beethoven 1770-1827 Violinsonate Nr. 10 in G-Dur, Op. 96 ” / 1814 ～ 1819年 Berlin, “24 capricci” / 1830 Lot-et-Garonne : Violinist
● August Duranowski ( ca.1770-1834 ), Warsaw / Paris / 1790 Brussels / Strasbourg : Violinist
● Ignaz Schuppanzigh ( 1776-1830 ), Vienna / He gave violin lessons to Beethoven, and they remained friends until Beethoven’s death. : “Schuppanzigh Quartet” : Violinist
Marble was worked mainly with stone tools. Although no direct evidence is available for the toolkit of the Cycladic craftsman, modern research in combination with experimental archaeology has shown that most tools were probably made of emery. A piece of this heavy and dense stone – which abounds in Naxos – can be easily turned into a mallet (for shaping the figure) simply by making its edge pointed or sharp. Emery was also probably used as a drill (to carve and pierce specific anatomical details such as the eye, ear, navel, and loin cavities, or repair holes), as an engraving tool (for incised details) or as a surface polisher. Emery powder was very effective as an abrasive for the initial working of the marble.
Obsidian – widely available on Melos – and flint may have also been employed in marble carving. When shaped into blades, those materials can be used as engraving tools or even for erasing the traces of smoothing on the surface of the marble; in the form of small pointy flakes they become particularly effective drills. Finally, Theran pumice soaked in water is an excellent material for the final polishing of the surface, and the same is true for sand mixed with water. Bronze chisels could have been used for greater precision and speed in making the cut-outs on more complex figurines, such as the harpists, although their poor durability (due to the high copper-content) as well as the high value of metals in that period, probably made metal stone-working tools less common.
As we can deduce from the few unfinished figurines that have been discovered so far, the first step in the process was to roughly shape the raw piece of marble into a figure by the impact of a mallet. Emery powder was then used to abrade the surface until it obtained the desired shape and size. Once the desired shape was achieved, the surface was smoothed carefully before the fine work of carving the details started. At the end, the figurine was polished to a high degree that is still amazing. Traces of horizontal, vertical or diagonal smoothing are very often visible on the surface of marble figurines. Sometimes, we can see the marks left by the tool used to level the contours of the leg cleft on “canonical” figurines. Traces of repairs are also discernible in some examples.
The creation of a Cycladic figurine was based on strict rules and a detailed system of proportions, which required precise measurements and considerable skill in application. Therefore, it was most likely the work of specialized craftsmen, who probably passed on their knowledge to younger artisans only after the latter had spent a long period of time working as apprentices. Some scholars have attempted to identify individual “artists” or workshops by distinguishing groups of figurines with similar characteristics. Those “artists” (or workshops) have been conventionally named after the museum or the city which hosts characteristic works by them, after the excavator who brought them to light, or after the collector who possesses them (e.g. the Berlin Master, the Doumas Master, the Goulandris Master, etc.). Other scholars, however, reject these attributions as anachronistic and believe that the similarities reflect chronological or geographical proximity. One should bear in mind that the available evidence for the techniques employed in Cycladic marble-carving is very fragmentary and our knowledge stems almost exclusively from careful observations of the figurines themselves. So far, no workshop has been discovered in a Cycladic settlement and the organization of the production remains entirely unknown.
Direct evidence for the working of bronze in the Cyclades is limited but instructive. Remains of hearths and crucibles of the Early Cycladic III period have been found at Kastri on Syros, together with slags and stone moulds which show that metal smiths knew how to cast bronze and produced both cast and hammered objects. The spread of metallurgy in the Aegean during the third millennium BC gave impetus to crafts such as building, shipbuilding, carpentry, and the minor arts; at the same time, it promoted trade and contributed to the development of social stratification. Mainly, however, it brought important changes in the techniques of warfare. Bronze weapons become relatively common in the Cyclades in the later stages of the Early Cycladic II period and this seems to be related to the disturbances and upheavals that are observed in the Aegean during the transition to the Early Cycladic III period. According to one theory, this turmoil was due to conflicts between local populations for the control of sources of raw materials, such as copper, or access to networks trafficking metals that were more difficult to obtain, such as tin.
Antonio Stradivari made his violins by utilising a thick ca.14 mm wooden mould or ‘form’, to which the four C-bout corner blocks, together with the top and bottom blocks, were lightly glued, and around which the thin lengths of rib were shaped and then strongly glued to the blocks. Simplistically, once all the glue had dried, the ‘garland’ of blocks and ribs could be carefully detached from the inner mould, and the front and back plates could then be attached to the garland to create the soundbox. Although Stradivari’s moulds, made of walnut wood, have varying lengths, widths and proportions, these variations are often by no more than a few millimetres and sometimes the difference between a particular measurement on one mould and the same measurement on another is just one millimetre; for example, the three bout-width measurements of the P mould, and those of the PG mould, are identical, while the body lengths differ by just one millimetre: P mould 343.5 mm; PG mould 344.5 mm (Stewart Pollens’s measurements).
Almost all the moulds bear identifying letters, inked or incised in block capitals: for example, the letters P, S, and T, G, PG, and MB. Because there are so few extant documents known to be written in Stradivari’s hand, it is not certain which, if any, of these mould letters were drawn by him. Some of the moulds have dates, also inked or incised into the surface of the wood: the mould marked SL is dated November 9, 1691 (incised), and one of the two moulds marked S is dated September 20, 1703. The two B moulds are dated June 3, 1692 and December 6, 1692 (both incised), while the PG mould is dated June 4, 1689 (also incised).
弦楽器の音響メカニズムは難解ですが、これらを少し読み解くとすれば‥ まず、上図の点 P が “オールド・ヴァイオリン “の裏板にみられる『 セントラル・ピン 』とほぼ一致するという状況証拠から、点 P を 裏板におけるつりあいの中心点として印されていると考えることができます。
Jacob Stainer ( ca.1617-1683 ) Violin, Absam ( Tirol )
Underneath the parchment covering the center joint of the back of the violin by Jacob Stainer, five marking points are hidden.Their distance from the lower end of the body can be measured precisely.


Ringo Starr (Richard Starkey) was born in Liverpool on 7 July 1940. Drums and vocals. John Lennon was born in Liverpool on 9 October 1940. He was shot dead in New York on 8 December 1980. Rhythm guitar, keyboards, harmonica, vocals. Paul McCartney was born in Liverpool on 18 June 1942. Bass guitar, keyboards, lead guitar, drums, vocals. George Harrison was born in Liverpool on 25 February 1943. Lead guitar, sitar, keyboards, vocals.
The Beatles evolved from an amateur teenage skiffle group, the Quarry Men, formed by Lennon in 1956 and named after his school, Quarry Bank High. McCartney joined the Quarry Men in July 1957, Harrison in March 1958. The only artefacts left of the Quarry Men period is a cover version of Buddy Hollys That'll Be The Day and a McCartney-Harrison composition, In Spite of All The Danger, both available on the double-CD Anthology 1 (see links to CDs on the left). Other early group names were The Beatals (March 1960) and The Silver Beatles (May 1960).
In August 1960, Lennon, McCartney and Harrison - together with Stuart Sutcliffe (born in Edinburgh on 23 June 1940; died in Hamburg on 10 April 1962), bass guitar, and Pete Best (born in Madras on 24 Nov 1941), drums Ė became the Beatles. Between then and November 1962 the group played many gigs in and around Liverpool, and also, with decisive effect on their development as performers, four extended residencies at various clubs in Hamburg's red-light district Reeperbahn. Sutcliffe, a talented painter, left in December 1961, being replaced on bass by McCartney, who, until then, had played guitar and piano. According to MacDonald, the Beatles were influenced by rock 'n' roll and black music, by Doo-wop and Tamla-Motown records, especially by William 'Smokey' Robinson (although, in my opinion, they completely lack the soul feeling).
In November 1961, a Liverpool music shop owner, Brian Epstein (born in Liverpool in 1934; died in London on 17 August 1967), heard the Beatles at the Cavern, a local 'beat' club where they played most of their pre-1963 British gigs. Becoming their manager, Epstein secured the group a recording contract in June 1962 with Parlophone, a subsidiary of the EMI label run by the producer George Martin. The rawness of the Beatlesí performing talent, which six months earlier had made Decca reject them, appealed to Martin, although he was then doubtful of their song-writing. Replacing Best with Starr on drums, he encouraged Lennon and McCartney, the groupís chief composers, to write with more concentration, pointing out to them simple structural devices such as commencing with the chorus (the main selling-point of most pop songs). Their second release, Please Please Me, rose to number one in the British singles chart and their commercial success thereafter was continuous. The groupís tours of Britain in 1963 created an unprecedented excitement, known as 'Beatlemania', which was reproduced in the USA when, on 9 February 1964, they appeared on national television singing their fifth single I Want To Hold Your Hand to an estimated audience of 70 million, an event unanimously identified by social commentators as a turning-point in postwar American culture. In the months after this breakthrough, the Beatles dominated the American singles charts, at one stage occupying the top five positions, a feat unheard of before and since.
Two feature films, A Hard Dayís Night (1964) and Help! (1965), followed. However, by the end of 1965, the influence of Bob Dylan and the accelerating popularity among pop musicians of marijuana made the international pop scene to advance from the straightforward energy and good humor of 'beat music' towards a greater formal and emotional complexity. Aware that they needed to regenerate themselves stylistically, the Beatles toyed uncertainly with 'comedy songs' and idiosyncratic variations on soul music in their transitional album Rubber Soul (Parlophone, 1965). Only in early 1966, with the appearance of the counterculture and its associated drug the powerful hallucinogen LSD, did they identify with a new type of pop music created by exploiting the techniques of the recording studio. The result was their imaginative exploration of consciousness and childhood memories in albums like Revolver (Parlophone, 1966) and Sgt. Pepperís Lonely Hearts Club Band (Parlophone, 1967). Together with the later releases Magical Mystery Tour (Parlophone, 1967), The Beatles (Apple, 1968) and Abbey Road (Apple, 1969), they build the Beatlesí legacy.
After Epsteinís death from an overdose of tranquilizers in August 1967, the group gradually lost direction and the underlying conflicts between its otherwise intensely cohesive members soured. They managed to record some 80 more tracks. These were increasingly individual efforts, written and sometimes even recorded solo. During this period Harrison emerged alongside Lennon and McCartney as a writer of worthy songs, one of which, Something (Apple, 1969) became the Beatlesí second most recorded number after McCartney's Yesterday (Parlophone, 1965). Divisiveness, caused largely by the process of growing up and getting married, eventually broke the group. The process is visible in their final film Let It Be (1970). After the album Abbey Road, the Beatles split up.
None of the Beatles could read music. They even refused to learn. Therefore, arrangements beyond the basic four-piece were supplied by George Martin, a graduate of the Guildhall School of Music. He has successfully refuted the suggestion that he was the real creative genius behind the Beatles. He worked only according to their original designs and to their specific requests, even to details of arrangements which they sang to him and which he often transcribed on the spot in the studio. Martin was important to the Beatles in suggesting improvements in the form of their early songs (improvements they quickly came to incorporate independently into their writing) and later in guiding them in the selection of instrumental and electronic textures hitherto unused in pop music. Together with his innovative engineer Geoff Emerick, Martin endeavoured to give the Beatles a productive base within the primitive and often exasperating restrictions of the studio technology of the time. The Beatles integrated notes into their songs from newspapers and from the radio, which they happened to read and listen to and which fitted into their compositions. The randomness played a vital part in their music


On my trip down at Cowra I spent some time in the town of Orange (New South Wales). A walk around town with my camera produced these photos, hope you like.
Friday, March 27, 2009
Thursday, March 19, 2009
Thursday, March 5, 2009
Monday, March 2, 2009
Sorry, I have been 'Missing In Action' for a while LOL, but I am currently interstate staying at my sisters place at Cowra New South Wales for a few weeks. Cowra is a historical town as they had a Japanese prisoner of war camp here and it's famous for the Great Cowra Break-out, if you want to know more just google it, its a very interesting read. The old camp is now a magnificent Japanese gardens and I have some photos to share of my visit there.


Vanessa and Roberto had an amazing wedding this past weekend in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico. With one of the oldest colonial cities in the world as its center, the couple opted for two venues that truly encompassed the history and magic of the Island. One of the historic forts called San Cristobal and the Antiguo Casino. Both luxurious locations for any wedding because of their incredible architecture and grandeur.
Their love story began out of the Island in Los Angeles. A meeting that came to be through mutual friends who decided to spend Halloween Horror Nights together. That weekend was the start of a tale that probably seems out of a storybook. One that just began a new chapter on their wedding day. Inspired by the tropical colors and all about the best of entertainment for their family and friends. From live music, a sunset to remember inside the historic walls of the San Cristobal Fort to a live Flash Mob at their reception. Most Noteworthy was the rain of metallic confetti and incredible salsa dancing.
Floral Design @acanthus_eventdesign
Getting Ready @condadovanderbilt


June 6th, 1944. ‘D-Day’. One of the most memorable days in the last century.
It has been a long and bloody war. Now, the liberation of all of Western Europe rests on the success of Operation Overlord. The airborne invasion of the French coast began just after midnight, weakening enemy defences. Now, thousands of amphibious landing craft filled with English and American troops are heading across the English Channel to storm the beaches of Normandy for the battle of a lifetime.
You and your fellow soldiers must fight your way up the dangerous beach. There’s hardly any cover scattered along the shoreline, this game zone requires determination and skill. You must take out the German defences at all costs using teamwork.


We all have been Africans. Specific progressive human beings basic remaining Africa fifty,100000 – 70,100000 in years past and you will spread out worldwide. All other populations around the globe is seen because an effective subset out-of Africans.
Thomas Jefferson is actually the original preferred Western to speculate one to black some one would-be innately inferior compared to Europeans. Until then, very Enlightenment numbers thought that differences when considering groups just weren’t inborn but on account of ecological items. It wasn’t up to Jefferson introduced the fresh major new info regarding independence and you will equality one slavery had to https://datingmentor.org/nl/chatstep-overzicht/ be rationalized and you may prejudices up against the newest enslaved started to crystallize towards a good derican independence and idea of inborn racial distinction have been created together with her. Historian Barbara Sphere calls her or him « Siamese twins. »
During the majority of background, societies features enslaved someone, commonly as a result of conquest, battle if not debt. Citizens were not enslaved because they had been very first deemed inferior. African submissives was in fact well-ideal for labor into the America: as opposed to new Indians, these were resistant to Eu sickness; it did not effortlessly try to escape; these were maybe not Christians (thus unprotected because of the English legislation); and was in fact competent semi-warm farmers. Ultimately, from the late 17th century, African submissives turned into for sale in large numbers much like the fresh labor force to your Virginia’s cig plantations – English indentured servants – began to rebel and you may immigration out of The united kingdomt slowed down. Throughout the years, this new destruction of thraldom became recognized with blackness, providing white Us citizens the idea that Africans was basically a basically additional types of anyone.
Joined States’ associate democracy drew up on this new life of one’s Iroquois Confederacy. Indians didn’t contemplate themselves because the Indians whenever European settlers arrived, but alternatively since the members of separate tribes otherwise countries, separated from the code, personalized and you may faith. The thought of « blood quantum, » we.e., the brand new commitment away from Indian term because of the origins, are imposed because of the government. Conversely, tribal subscription traditionally try offered to some body, actually Europeans, when they approved tribal tradition and you will power. There are zero ponies about New world up until they were delivered more than by Europeans. Certain historians imagine you to to ninety% of all Atlantic coastline Indians passed away off disorder contracted regarding European dealers and you will explorers once of one’s earliest Plymouth settlement.
Measles, small-pox or any other communicable disorder have been as well as unfamiliar regarding Americas before European mining
Beginning in this new 1930s and 1940s, the us government composed apps you to backed lowest-pricing home loans, setting up owning a home so you’re able to an incredible number of People in the us toward first time. At the same time, regulators underwriters lead a nationwide appraisal system attaching value of and you may financing qualifications so you can competition, inventing « redlining, » and you can efficiently locking nonwhites out-of house-to buy exactly as very middle-income group light Us americans have been beginning to purchase land.
Most of the people genetic trait receive someplace else can also be found in Africa, except for relatively few present differences favored by the fresh new environment, hereditary drift, or intimate solutions – instance light facial skin
Government affirmative action assistance specifically exclude quotas. While it began with the newest 1930, this new Government Construction Management and associated applications caused it to be possible for scores of average light Us americans to have a home to the first time and put off the article-WWII residential district building increase. The government based a nationwide people assessment program, explicitly attaching financial qualifications in order to battle, a policy known today due to the fact « redlining. » The brand new FHA or any other government guidelines made possible the brand new blog post-The second world war most of the-white suburbs, when you are people of color along with central places were refuted funds. Government procedures and you can techniques aided create one or two legacies which can be nevertheless with us now: segregated communities and a substantial money pit ranging from whites and you can nonwhites, the majority of which can be tracked to the differential value of their houses.


A play by Adam Long, Reed Martin, and Austin Tichenor
Directed by Nolan Long
2756 Mosasco Street, Bakersfield, CA 93312
Doors at 7 p.m. Show at 7:30 p.m.
Regular - $20
18 and under - $15
About the Show
600 years of history in 6000 seconds… history will never be the same! From Washington to Watergate, yea verily from the Bering Straits to Baghdad, from New World to New World Order – The Complete History of America (Abridged) is a ninety-minute roller-coaster ride through the glorious quagmire that is American History, reminding us that it’s not the length of your history that matters — it’s what you’ve done with it!
“… THE COMPLETE HISTORY OF AMERICA interprets the past as a breathlessly paced sequence of silly vaudeville sketches, word-association games, puns and crude parodies of movie and television genres. Nothing is sacred, and many of the facts have been skewed to suggest the paranoid ravings of a particularly loony tabloid …” —Stephen Holden, The New York Times
Shelbe McClain, Claery Grace Dickson, Caitlin Wolfenstein


Gothic stations of the Cross
Updated: 5 days ago
Carved in Belgium, restored in the U.K.
Father wanted his Gothic stations of the cross to look as beautiful as possible.
Created in 1858, the stations needed a sensitive approach to refurbishment, ensuring any new repairs marry well with the age of the artworks.
The stations had been restored once before, in 1948, just after the war. During this period, some makeshift changes had been made, the bright colours of the frames had been painted over in a tan brown. The spires and gilded acanthus leaves atop the canopies were generally damaged. Spears and clubs which the soldier figures held, had also been lost and had to be repaired or duplicated and replaced.
The painted scenes behind the figures on a couple of the stations had been repainted by a less experienced hand than the original artist, on others the scenery had been completely painted out.
When we visit various churches, parishioners often tell us how unhappy they are about the scenic element of their stations of the cross having been painted over. Often by a zealous person with a spare tin of gold paint, or something similarly brash.
When this happens, it can be for practical reasons. If the placement of a station is over a heat source, or too near an open window, it can cause these to deteriorate more quickly than the rest. In the case of the Gothic stations, we cannot know the cause for sure, or indeed if the war itself was a contributing factor!
We felt it important to restore the missing painted scenes behind the figures. Not only to keep the integrity of the set, but also to enhance the devotional and Catechetical nature of the artworks.


Ancient Clues in Modern DNA
“The date we found for that contact is very close to the dates we find for these voyages out from the Tuamotus to settle these remote islands,” Ioannidis said.
Today’s Polynesian populations have mixed heritage, with traces of Europe, Africa and other places in their ancestry.
While genetic studies of ancient peoples have tended to focus on ancient DNA samples unearthed from archaeological sites, Ioannidis said his team had been able to home in on telltale sequences buried in modern DNA.
They used a software to analyze samples from 430 inhabitants across 21 different islands to identify recurring gene patterns specific to Polynesians, blocking out DNA sequences associated with European or other ancestry.


Join us for a “Night at The Museum” on Wednesday night. Our Social Event will have the Museum all for ourselves… for an evening of motorsports history and camaraderie. Explore the Museum at your leisure, and join your friends at the many “chat” tables set up around the Museum.
A Cash Bar will be available.
Meet the SAAC VIPs and Registrars… we will be there from 7:00 – 10:00 pm.


Anybody who travels by plane and charges his ticket on a credit card today expects to receive some kind of Credit Card Rewards. Customer loyalty was sought and rewarded before the advent of credit cards as we know them today. The forerunner to present-day rewards began in the 1800s when the Sperry & Hutchinson Company began offering S&H Green Stamps, also known as Green Shield Stamps.
Not Exactly Like Modern Frequent Flyer Programs
In 1934, well before modern credit card companies were awarding Airline miles, American Airlines and the Air Travel Association instituted the Air Travel Card. The traveler could pay for his ticket in installments and receive a 15 percent discount from any of the member airlines. Texas International was first with the idea of offering actual miles to inspire loyalty among travelers in 1979.
The American Airlines AAdvantage Program began in 1981 and rewarded flyers with American Airlines Advantage Miles. Not wishing to be left out, United Airlines initiated United Mileage plus Miles in that same year. Shortly after, Delta Air Lines started its own program, which became Delta Skymiles. The following year, British Airways advertised their Executive Club.
Airline Rewards Were Not the Only Credit Card Perks
Competition among airlines was heightened with the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978. In 1982, AAdvantage, which had been finding new ways to reward its frequent customers and build loyalty among them, began to cooperate with British Airways so that its members could fly to Europe. In addition to offering various upgrades, discounts and other extras, they became the first to offer travel on an international carrier.
In the early programs, Airline miles were intended to establish customer loyalty and were given to reward travelers for repeatedly using a particular airline. Later, as frequent flyer programs developed and credit card offers became more competitive, people were given points for almost any credit card purchase. It was not necessary to first buy a plane ticket or to travel on a particular airline or route to receive additional miles.
Other card companies were rewarding their customers as well. AT&T Universal Card began offering discounts on telephone bills and the Discover Card gave its users a cash refund at year’s end based on the amount they charged on their cards.
The promise of airline points made credit card companies more competitive and their offers more exciting. Major banks with Delta or United imprint offered airline or hotel rewards. Someone could charge almost any commodity on his AAdvantage or Delta Skymiles credit card and accumulate points to be used not only for airline travel, but for cash or merchandise, hotel rooms or car rentals.
Card companies began offering extra points or miles to entice users to their loyalty programs. Some extravagant sign-up offers promised thousands of points to new enrollees, but along with these promotions there were often restrictions such as blackout dates or very limited seating. When taking advantage of Credit Card Rewards now, users have many choices as to where they will fly at no cost or at a discount and how much more they will be able to spend when they get there, gifts for being loyal customers.


John Lennon was the heart and soul of The Beatles. He was the one who wanted to be Elvis. When it was over, he said the only good thing about The Beatles was being bigger than Elvis. John Lennon met Paul McCartney in their hometown of Liverpool, England in 1957. They had something in common. Both were mesmerized by American rock & roll. John covered Chuck Berry. Paul sang Little Richard. A bond formed. They wrote together. George Harrison joined them on lead guitar. George was a student of C
I have had 3 rounds with astronomy. Round 1 was as a teenager in the early 1960s. I learned the constellations and watched meteor showers. Round 2 was in my 30s. I got into cosmology, learned the features of the moon and wrote my first astronomy paper. Round 3 was in my 50s. I subscribed to Astronomy Magazine, wrote a second paper and went to an Australian Star Party to see the stars of the Southern Hemisphere. Hopefully, I have achieved permanence in the age of the Internet since astronomy is s
The Yankees began as the New York Highlanders in 1903. Cy Young threw a no-hitter against them in 1908. The Highlanders became the Yankees in 1913. "Yankees" was an Indian word for the English in the early days of America. When the Indians tried to say "English," it came out, "Yankees."
Yankee Stadium opened in 1923 in the Bronx. It is a wonder of the modern world. The short porch in right field was designed for Babe Ruth and the Yankees' lefthanded hitters. Ruth homered in the first game pl
I thought ABBA would be the last music to influence me. It was Elvis Presley, The Beatles and ABBA summing up everything. From nowhere, Shania Twain appeared on the Nashville scene. She was country with a difference. Her music was inspired. Its roots were in pop and rock.
Shania's real name is Eilleen Regina Edwards. She was born in Timmins, Ontario, Canada on August 28, 1965. Timmins is 500 miles north of Toronto, way up there. Shania's parents divorced when she was two. She never knew her


A story born in 1930s still continuing with success
Roots of our company date back to the 1930s and the extraordinary Eufrasia (great-grandmother of the owner Renato Boz) who began a business collecting recyclable materials and reselling them to support her five children after the death of husband Giacomo.
Helped by jovial and charismatic son Giuseppe (Bepi) from the humble beginnings, Eufrasia led the way until she died in the 1950s, leaving the son to carry forward the small trading business, which in those days included iron, metal, paper and cloth.
In the 50s and 60s Bepi made the business grow, being helped greatly by his wife Mafalda and son Giuseppe Jr. (Bepino). Investments were made to improve the means of transport, from bicycle to horse, from horse to truck. Much to the pleasure of Bepi, Bepino was keen to take on dad’s business, which he began to do in 1958.
Following in the family tradition of working hard and reinvesting in the business, warehouses were built, a cloth-press bought and workmen employed. The first electric press for paper was actually a converted hay-press, while the early deliveries of materials were made with trucks for animals borrowed from friends.
Development, even abroad
In the 60s and 70s investments progressed and Giuseppe Jr. also had an eye on expanding abroad, where he mainly bought metal scrap for use by Italy’s foundries and steel mills. To help in this phase, younger members of the family (including today’s company owner, Boz Renato) were brought in, taking up various roles.
In order to better face the development, both in terms of volumes and diversification, in the early 1980s it was decided to separate the trading branch from other activities, merging it into new-born company Boz s.r.l., ancestor of Boz IMEX, specialized in the dealing and brokerage of metal scrap and other recoverable materials.
From that moment on, Boz s.r.l. gained a long experience in the trade of recycled materials (primarily ferrous scrap) and enhanced the vocation to internationalization: main market includes much of Central and Eastern Europe: Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Romania and – of course – Italy.
Other significant steps leading us to today
Creation of the subsidiary B. Metal d.o.o. (Croatia).
Management System Certification according to ISO 9001 standard;
Creation of the subsidiary Boz Hungary Kft. (Hungary);
Enrolment in the Italian Register of Environmental Operators (held by the Ministry of Ecological Transition), category 8 (brokering and trading of waste without holding the waste itself).
With a view to a trademark policy synthesizing “tradition” and “innovation”, the company changes its name, adding the acronym of “International Metal EXchange” to the historical family name “Boz”.
Creation of the branch “BOZ IMEX S.A.S. Glavna podružnica Rijeka” (Croatia).
Owner Renato Boz is joined by nephew Matia Bagnarol, to support the management of the company and guarantee continuity in the future as well.
Creation of the branch “BOZ IMEX S.A.S. DI BOZ RENATO & C. SAN VITO AL TAGLIAMENTO SUCURSALA BUCURESTI” (Romania).
… to be continued …


If you have ever dreamt of a society with great wealth, distributed fairly and intended exclusively for the wellbeing of its people then maybe you have dreamt of Europe’s first great civilization – the Minoan empire on the island of Crete, 4600 years ago.
The Minoans created a seafaring empire. Their ships sailed to all points of the Mediterranean peninsula for trade. They built well-developed roads connecting 100 cities across the island of Crete.
For 500+ years they lived in peace. The Minoan capital of Knossos had no defense walls and no army. The capital did not feel threatened by the other cities in their domain, nor any of its citizens. Its rule of law relied upon equitable distribution of wealth and strong, connected leadership.
The Minoan palace was the heart of the city. It had 1,400 rooms, which housed schoolrooms, government services, artist workshops and theatres. Wide corridors and large rooms made space for thousands of citizens to come and go.
Archaeologists found impressive multi-coloured wall paintings depicting day-to-day life and the Minoan’s reverence for nature. People, animals and plants were joyously painted in bright colours. It is also clear from these paintings that women had an important role in all aspects of society; if not higher than men, than certainly equal. They competed on an equal basis to men in the athletic games, even in the most daring events.
The Minoan civilization came to an end in 1630 BC when a volcano on a neighboring island triggered a tsunami and ash clouds. Archaeologists found that the buildings had fallen outwards as they collapsed, presumably full with water.
Today the Minoan society seems quite remarkable. First that it existed and second that it is so little known. A European civilization that was well off and shared that wealth and power among its citizens, and revered the earth’s living systems? Doesn’t seem possible. But it was, and it lasted for 500 years. 500 years of a different world-view, standing in clear contrast to most, if not all, ancient (and many modern) European civilizations that have sought to accumulate wealth and power. It can’t help but inspire optimism… and we can’t help wondering, what might we begin to build if we truly believed in our own wisdom and generosity?


Japonism is part of the 'Boston Club' family. It is named after the influential Japanese Art movement in the 19th century, which had a large effect on European art and fashion. Japonism was launched as the first house brand in 1996. Its concept is 'functionality built in a natural shape'. This relates to the simple yet elegant nature of the frame design.


Whether you approach Karak from the ancient Kings Highway to the east, or from the Dead Sea to the west, the striking silhouette of this fortified town and castle will instantly make you understand why the fates of kings and nations were decided here for millennia.
An ancient Crusader stronghold, Karak sits 900m above sea level and lies inside the walls of the old city. Karak lies to the south of Amman, Jordan on the King's Highway . Karak commands a magnificent view of the Dead Sea. The city today is home to around 170,000 people and continues to boast a number of restored 19th century Ottoman buildings, restaurants, places to stay, and the like. But it is undoubtedly Karak Castle which dominates.
Al Karak has been inhabited since at least the Iron Age, and was an important city for the Moabites (who called it Qir of Moab) and the Nabateans. In the Bible it is called Qer Harreseth, and the Romans conquered it from the Nabateans in 105. During the late Hellenistic Period, Al Karak became an important town as was known as Kharkha. Under the Byzantine Empire it was a bishopric—containing the much venerated Church of Nazareth—and remained predominantly Christian under Arab rule.
The town is built on a triangular plateau, with the castle at its narrow southern tip. The castle is some 220m long, 125m wide at the north end, and 40m wide at the southern end where a narrow valley deepened by a ditch separates it from the adjoining and much higher hill – once Saladin's favourite artillery position. Throughout the castle, dark and roughly shaped Crusader masonry is easy to discern from the finely crafted blocks of lighter and softer limestone used in later Arab work.
While the castle we see today essentially dates back to the 12th century, Karak has been a fortress since biblical times. The Bible relates how the King of Israel and his allies from Judah and Edom ravaged Moab and besieged its king Mesha in the fortress of Kir Heres, as Karak was then known.
Centuries later, it took the Crusaders some twenty years to erect their vast castle. Once finished in 1161, it became the residence of the lord of Transjordan, by then the most important fief of the Crusader kingdom, rich in produce and tax revenues. After withstanding several sieges in the early 1170s, Karak came under the rule of Reynald of Chatillon, a lord who became known for his recklessness and barbarism. Breaking all treaties, he began looting merchant caravans and Mecca-bound pilgrims, attacked the very homeland of Islam – the Hijaz – and raided Arabian ports on the Red Sea, even threatening Mecca itself. Saladin, the ruler of Syria and Egypt, reacted swiftly. He took the town of Karak by force, burned it down and almost managed to storm the castle as well.
Reynald’s peacetime robbery of a large caravan in 1177 prompted fast retribution from Saladin, who attacked the Crusader kingdom – ending in the defeat of the Crusader army at the Battle of Hattin. Saladin spared most of the captives except Reynald, who he executed himself. The defenders of Karak held out for eight months in a prolonged siege before surrendering to the Muslims who, mercifully, allowed them to walk free.
Once again in Muslim hands, Karak became the capital of a district covering much of Jordan, playing a central role in Middle Eastern politics for the next two centuries. For a time, Karak even became capital of the whole Mameluk kingdom when Sultan an-Nasir Ahmad grew weary of power struggles in Cairo. Indeed, it took eight separate sieges before his brother and successor as-Salih Ismail took the fortress and returned the royal insignia. It was during these sieges that Karak had the dubious honour of being the first target of modern artillery in the Middle East, as-Salih Ismail making use of cannons and gunpowder.
Under the Ayyubids and early Mameluk sultans, the castle was substantially renovated and the town’s fortifications strengthened with massive towers but seemingly no gates – access to the town was through subterranean passages with entrances still visible today.
In later times, the town more often than not became a refuge for rebels, while the castle was used as the gathering place of tribal councils. Firm Turkish administration was enforced after 1894 and the Mameluk palace inside the castle was used as a prison. The Great Arab Revolt dealt the last blow to Turkish rule, which ended in 1918.
Construction of the Crusader castle began in the 1140s, under Paganus, the butler of King Fulk. The Crusaders called it Crac des Moabites. Paganus was also Lord of Oultrejordain (Transjordan), and Kerak became the centre of his power, replacing the weaker castle of Montreal to the south. Because of its position east of the Jordan River, Kerak was able to control Bedouin herders as well as the trade routes from Damascus to Egypt and Mecca. His successors, his nephew Maurice and Philip of Milly, added towers and protected the north and south sides with two deep rock-cut ditches (the southern ditch also serving as a cistern). The most notable Crusader architectural feature surviving is the north wall, into which are built immense arched halls on two levels. These were used for living quarters and stables, but also served as a fighting gallery overlooking the castle approach and for shelter against missiles from siege engines.
In 1176 Raynald of Chatillon gained possession of Kerak after marrying Stephanie of Milly, the widow of Humphrey III of Toron (and daughter-in-law of Humphrey II). From Kerak, Raynald harassed the trade caravans and even attempted an attack on Mecca itself. In 1184 Saladin besieged the castle in response to Raynald's attacks. The siege took place during the marriage of Humphrey IV of Toron and Isabella of Jerusalem, and Saladin, after some negotiations and with a chivalrous intent, agreed not to target their chamber while his siege machines attacked the rest of the castle. The siege was eventually relieved by King Baldwin IV.
After the Battle of Hattin in 1187, Saladin besieged Kerak again and finally captured it in 1189. During the siege the defenders were said to have been forced to sell women and children into slavery for food (this is also said to have happened at the siege of Montreal).
In AD 1263, the Mamluk ruler, Baybars, enlarged and built a tower on the north-west corner. In AD 1840, Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt captured the castle and destroyed much of its fortifications.
The castle extends over the southern part of the plateau. It is a notable example of Crusader architecture, a mixture of European, Byzantine, and Arab designs. Its walls are strenghthened with rectangular projecting towers, long stone vaulted galleries are lighted only by narrow slits, and a contains a deep moat from the west which completely isolates the site.
In the lower court of the castle, there is Karak Archaeological Museum, which was newly opened in 2004 after renovation work. It introduces local history and archaeology of Karak region- the land of Moab- from the prehistoric period until the Islamic era. History of the Crusader and Muslims at Karak castle and town is introduced in detail.
Al Karak is widely accepted as the capital of Jordan's national dish Mansaf.
On November 9, 2005, Karak became a sister city of Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The sister city agreement was signed in Birmingham by Karak Mayor Mohammed Maita and Birmingham Mayor Bernard Kincaid.
Jordan Tourisom Board, www.visitjordan.com
Karak, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Karak
Politics & Change in Al-Karak, Jordan, A Study of a Small Arab Town & Its District ISBN: 0192158058- Author: Peter Gubser
Kennedy, Hugh (2000). Crusader Castles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-79913-9


Our church was completed in 1901 to replace a chapel originating in the 15th century, whose site at the village centre had no room for a burial ground. While perhaps lacking some of the charm of an ancient building, it was in fact designed by a noted architect of the day, is generally regarded as having a “welcoming” feel and has a number of interesting features.
Foremost among these perhaps are the five contemporary stained glass windows designed and made by Penelope Neave and given by Elspeth Riley-Smith of Brewhurst in memory of her parents and husband.
The design of the reredos curtain behind the altar includes a peacock (for Paradise), doves (for peace), the Pascal Lamb and cross which is the sign of St John the Baptist, the Sussex Coat of Arms (with Martlets) and an L for Loxwood.
Note also the ancient oak pews to be found in the north aisle, at the back of the main aisle and in the chancel. These are said to have been made using only the axe and the adze, that’s to say without saw or plane, and almost certainly date from the original village chapel. To the left of the altar is the Jacobean style Bishop’s Chair donated by another parishioner.
The Book of Remembrance beneath the west window was presented by the Parish Council to mark the Millennium; the stand and cabinet were made locally of Ifold oak, felled in the storm of 1987. The village map was designed and executed by a team of local residents.


La Laguna Gran Hotel**** is located in the historical centre of San Cristóbal de La Laguna, a city declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The building that hosts the hotel is a colonial landmark which dates back to 1776. The city is within only 5 minutes by taxi from our northern airport Los Rodeos, and 9km distance from the capital Santa Cruz. The headquarters of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC) is also in La Laguna, at 15min walk from the hotel.
In the city you can also find the Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), which is the oldest institution of higher education learning in the Canary Islands, with more than 200 years. Its founding decree, signed by King Charles IV of Spain, is dated the 11th March 1792. Currently, this public institution is home to more than 25,000 individuals who are either students, academic or research staff, or administrative staff and service personnel.
The Gran Hotel has been renovated to exhibit and underline the traces that both history and time have left on it. There was a time when the windmills worked with the power of the streams that flowed close to the Anaga mountains. They grinded the grain that gave the former name to Calle del Agua, close to the square of Adelantado and in front of the palace of Nava and Grimón. In this building that gave the street it’s new name, was were the erudite panelists of Nava secretly gathered, they would call themselves “Los Caballeritos”. They met and analized the politics of an island that was still halfway on its sovereignity, following the ideas of Rosseau and Voltaire. The lords of this House, D. Fernando de la Guerra and del Hoyo Solórzano next to José de Viera y Clavijo (and other learned erudites of this period) discussed the fate of both history and their own story from their priviledged position.
Afterwards, this house became a teaching place, and after that, a cigar factory in order to later become a beautiful hotel. All the three owners of the building during those periods were families emigrated to America, coming from the smaller islands of El Hierro and La Palma. When the transport was based on the power of the winds, the canarians crossed the ocean with the help of the trade winds, looking for a future in the European capital cities.
Nowadays you can clearly see the two different buildings, without continuity marks although. The original one, built between the 16th and 17th centuries, and the new part. Thus, modern services for your enjoyment and confort have been carefully prepared and set forth.


It was March 15, 1921 when the “Società Anonima Moto Guzzi” was established with the goal of “Manufacturing and sales of motorcycles and any other activity pertinent or connected to the metal mechanical industry”. And it was precisely in that moment, in memory of one of the founders’ brothers in arms, that the eagle with spread wings was chosen as the new company’s symbol. Since then, the eagle, which quickly gained notoriety all over the world, has been Moto Guzzi’s symbol.
The operational headquarters opened in Mandello del Lario – the same plant where all Moto Guzzi are still produced to this day – an enterprise that marked the history of global motorcycling through bikes that have become a part of the collective imagination such as the GT 500 Norge (1928) ridden to the Arctic Circle by Giuseppe Guzzi, brother of founder Carlo, the Airone 250 (1939), the Galletto (1950) which contributed to mass motorization in the postwar period.
In those years, the wind tunnel was opened – the first in the world in the motorcycling segment, which can still be visited in the Mandello plant – greatly desired by a close-knit team that included extraordinary engineers the likes of Umberto Todero, Enrico Cantoni and a designer who would soon become a legend: Milan native Giulio Cesare Carcano, father of the incredible 285 km/hour Otto Cilindri (in 1955) and the prototypes which, between 1935 and 1957, won no fewer than 15 world speed titles and 11 Tourist Trophies.
In the ’60s, after the Stornello and Dingo light motorcycles, Moto Guzzi breathed life into the 700cc 90° V-twin with cardan shaft final drive, destined to become the very symbol of the manufacturer from Mandello through legendary models like the V7 Special, V7 Sport, California and Le Mans. This engine has been consistently evolved on this architecture, all the way to riding, supported by the most advanced electronic control features, the most popular modern Moto Guzzis such as the V7, V9, and the V85 TT traveler, the first ever classic enduro in the world.
Moto Guzzi World Days 2021 Welcomes its Machines Back to Mandello for the Centennial
Moto Guzzi celebrates this extraordinary anniversary with a 2021 calendar full of initiatives that will culminate in the Moto Guzzi Worlds Days (Giornate Mondiali Moto Guzzi), scheduled to be held in Mandello del Lario from September 9 through 12.
The Moto Guzzi World Days are a must-attend event for any enthusiast and, eagerly anticipated, they are back ten years after the last edition to celebrate this milestone. Tens of thousands of enthusiasts will flock from all over the world to experience a unique and unforgettable event, made possible by the collaboration between Moto Guzzi, Motoraduno Internazionale Committee and the municipality of Mandello del Lario, where the Moto Guzzi factory is located has been continuously manufacturing motorcycles celebrate the world over, for a century.
After 100 years, the iconic machines from Moto Guzzi, having all throughout the duration been built alongside Lago di Como, can return to the Mandello factory in an appropriate and spirited homecoming. Guzzisti and enthusiasts alike will join in celebrating the milestone of one of the most fantastic and remarkable stories in all of motorcycling, at the source, as the Eagle Brand of Mandello continues into a new century of production and storytelling.
Moto Guzzi Will Produce a Limited Series in a Centennial Livery, Only Produced for 2021
An exclusive, elegant and attractive color scheme, evocative of a unique heritage, drawing its origins from the aesthetics of legendary bikes which made motorcycling history, first and foremost, the 8-cylinder (“otto cilindri”) of 1955. A crazy, yet visionary idea, an extraordinary bike created to compete in the World Championship 500 class, a project so bold that it was ten years ahead of all global motorcycle production.
This milestone in motorcycle history has an elegant color scheme in its purely racing essence, combining the satin-finished metal of the fuel tank with the green of the fairing and the leather on the seat. Colors that also characterized the 350 Bialbero, one of the most victorious bikes in history, unbeatable in the 350 class in World Championship GP Motorcycle Racing, with the amazing record of 9 consecutive world titles (5 Rider and 4 Manufacturer) from 1953 to 1957.
Green was also the first color “worn” by a Moto Guzzi with the Normale, the first model, and probably the most iconic of the Eagle’s colors. The Style Centre reinterpreted it in a modern approach with a matte finish and associated with metallic colors the express the solidity and authenticity of the Larian brand. The body colors are matched with a saddle covered with a natural-colored material, like that of leather, to highlight the typically Italian attention to detail. Other distinguishing details are the eagle in a gold finish and the dedicated logo that graphically celebrates Moto Guzzi’s 100 years.
V7 Stone 100th Anniversary: MSRP $9,190 – arrival end of March 2021
V9 Bobber 100th Anniversary: MSRP $10,690 – arrival July 2021
V85TT Adventure 100th Anniversary: MSRP $13,190 – arrival end of April 2021
V7 Stone 100th Anniversary: MSRP $11,390 – arrival end of April 2021
V85TT Adventure 100th Anniversary: MSRP $15,390 – arrival end of May 2021


We had yet another memorable day at this year’s Games. As last year, we had wonderful weather; a huge number of spectators, including visitors from many different countries; a huge turnout of our wonderful Patrons; and hard fought competitions throughout the day. Eight Pipe Bands were represented, including our own Ballater Pipe Band, Dalhousie Pipe Band who returned from Switzerland, and the Band of the Queen’s Royal Guard.
As ever, thanks to all our wonderful volunteer helpers – we can’t do it without you!
This year we welcomed both our 99 year old Chieftain, Captain Alwyne Farquharson M.C. of Invercauld to his 70th year as our Chieftain, and our President Sir Andrew Walker-Okeover Bt.
To celebrate the Chieftain’s wonderful achievement, the Committee erected a commemorative stone at the entrance to Monaltrie Park where the Games have been held since 1889. A granite stone from the Invercauld Estate was engraved with chosen wording, the Ballater Games Crest was fixed to the Stone, and the finished Stone was mounted on a prepared plinth at the Park entrance. It was unveiled on Games Day by the Chieftain.
The Games Committee also presented the Chieftain with a Shepherds Crook, made by Neil Cassie, our Piping Convenor. Neil heated and bent black buffalo horn into shape, and carved a Scottish thistle on the nose of the horn. After its final preparation the horn was attached to a hazel stick. The crook was also fitted with a silver nickel collar engraved with the Chieftain’s initials, resulting in a beautiful and unique presentation gift.
The Chieftain’s Clan Farquharson also celebrated the occasion by commissioning a new pipe tune composed by Ian Shand, which was called, “Captain Farquharson of Invercauld”. The Chieftain was presented with a framed copy of the tune, and his two Clan Pipers played the new tune in public for the first time as he moved to his tent.
As something different this year, before the start of our Highland Dancing Competitions, our spectators were entertained by European folk dance groups from Italy and France in their traditional costumes. They were introduced by Aberdeen based Scottish country dancing group Aurora, and brought their own musicians to play for their traditional dances. It proved a colourful and enjoyable start to the day.
All in all, a great day! We look forward to welcoming our Chieftain, Captain Alwyne Farquharson M.C. in 2019, and being able then to further celebrate with him in his centenary year!


When the Galop horse riding club was born, where horse riding adepts were perfecting their skills. Famous stuntmen and actors trained at the club. Our horses took part in the biggest film adaptations.
In order to meet the customers' expectations, the Galop Club started organising occasional, outdoor and integrational events. Year by year, the centre was being developed through subsequent investments. Horses were always the main theme and showpiece. On 31 March 2008, the TRYLOGIA Hotel was officially opened. The great Polish director Jerzy Hoffman became the establishment's official godfather.
Today, TRYLOGIA is a banquet and conference centre that hires several dozen people and is equipped with lodging facilities and a vast, perfectly developed rest and recreational area.


Since May 2018, Canberra Railway Museum has been the trading name of a not-for-profit company, Capital Region Heritage Rail Limited, established to run the museum, while ACT Heritage Rail Holdings Limited is the company responsible for safeguarding the heritage assets of the museum. The Railway Museum is located at an operational site of Israel Railways and therefore visitors must act in accordance with the safety instructions and not approach the train tracks located on the site. The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Railway Heritage Museum gives visitors an opportunity to explore the magnificent gothic architecture of the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is open to the public Sundays, 1pm-4pm (last Sunday of month: 11am-4pm). Back on track: Canberra Railway Museum set to reopen The Canberra Times - online. There has been a lot of hype around upskilling and making sure you are the most up-to-date qualifications and … ACT; Canberra Railway Museum- Changed hours of opening; Search thread Image gallery Duffy Chief Commissioner. Mick-Gentleman-RailwayMuseum-27-7-17. Whether it is a short wooden caboose bringing up the rear of a narrow-gauge Pacific Coast Railway freight train high above the Museum’s Roundhouse gallery, or a gently rocking sleeping car “rolling” through the night, the rolling stock on exhibit at the California State Railroad Museum offers unmatched views of railroading. Come have your photos taken at the Railway Museum! The museum is now no longer open to visitors on Saturdays. 2 were here. 17 Jul 2017 17 Aug 2017 . National > ACT > Canberra By Finbar O'Mallon. ACT Railway Museum. Getting married? Location: From the lands of Journalism and Free Speech. One can also explore a display of antiques associated with the Indian Railways such as crockery, telephones, brass bells, and an old railway engine. ACT, AU - Canberra Railway Museum; Search thread Image gallery NSWGR8022 Deputy Commissioner. Canberra Railway Museum aim to operate a museum and heritage train tours in and around the ACT. Immerse yourself in the home of iconic locomotives and an unrivalled collection of engineering brilliance at the National Railway Museum. A historic train carriage is destroyed in a suspicious fire at the Canberra Railway Museum, just hours before its reopening. Does a Business Diploma and RTO compliance matter? The Canberra Railway Museum is the home to Australia’s oldest operating steam locomotive, and one of the world’s oldest ‘mainline’ steam locomotives built in 1878, and also the heaviest, the 265 tonnes Beyer-Garratt steam locomotive. Location: ACT. 4 August 2018 — 12:00am The museum looks set to re-open early next year... a lot of clearing up and WHS compliance due to the eighteen month lull Also that. Discussion for Canberra Railway Museum Are tours offered at this location? Some good news on the museum. The Inner South Canberra Community Council supports action by the ACT Government to develop a viable plan to prevent irreplaceable heritage objects from the ACT Railway Museum leaving the ACT.