We are excited to show you the many reasons that the Riverside Inn was awarded a Top 10 Most Romantic Inns in the WORLD by BedandBreakfast.com! Located directly on the Ohio River in Warsaw, Kentucky, Riverside Inn Bed and Breakfast will set the standard by which you measure all other B & Bs. No expense was spared in the restoration and expansion of the existing mansion and its grounds. Our Inn is over 13,000 sq. ft. of casual elegance, featuring 7 guest rooms and beautiful public areas both inside and outside for guest enjoyment and privacy.
Our guests spend hours enjoying the gazebo and swings overlooking the Ohio River, watching the paddle boats and barges pass by as they take the time to reconnect with each other and just unwind. Other favorite activities are enjoying a relaxing massage in our spa room, playing the piano, challenging your significant other to a game of pool, or obsessing over working on puzzles!
Guest Booking Information
Our Inn generally is available for guest bookings seven days a week. We do require an advance reservation and do not accept walk-in guests. Whole house bookings are always welcome and should be set up directly with the Inn via phone. Reservations can be made on our website, 24/7.
However, those that would prefer to book by phone will reach the Innkeeper at the Inn seven days a week at (859) 567-1329 from 8:00 AM-8:00 PM. Our reservation book is open three months in advance for individual reservations or up to 5 months in advance for whole house bookings.
Guests look forward to our afternoon break to enjoy a glass of wine and a snack of cheese and crackers typically served between 4:30 - 5:30 PM. And, of course, everyone just loves Riverside Inn's delicious homemade breakfasts!
The original house was built in 1869 by Local Businessman and Militia Captain, Senator James H. McDanell, Sr. He lived with his wife, Irene, and their two sons and daughter. His farm was one of the finest in the state. He was a careful, diligent, and conservative man, three features that assisted materially in making his fortune. He soon built up a good trade that grew year after year until his establishment, J.A. McDanell and Sons Mercantile, became the most important business in the town of Warsaw.
Captain McDannell's home partially burnt in 1889, but he had it rebuilt, and it became known as Lynwood Hall. Originally were two identical entrances – one facing the Ohio River (which remains the same today, and the other facing US Highway 42). Lynwood Hall remained in the McDanell family for over three generations.
Our Journey So Far
In 1950, William H. Hill, a nurseryman, bought the property and ran a large tree nursery; the beauty of some of his trees still grace the property, such as the 5 types of Magnolia trees, Bradford pears, multi-colored Dogwoods, and stunning American Holly trees. You will find large Oak trees, American Lindens, Tulip trees, and Weeping Cherry trees, to name a few.
Mr. Hill changed the front facade of the house by adding the brick columns that are still standing today. Mr. Hill's daughter, Marie Hill Roberts, and her husband Harry, along with their son and three daughters, inherited the house where Marie lived until 2005. In 2010, the current owners, Dennis Griffin, a Businessman, and his wife, Joyce, purchased the property, then known as Heritage Hall, from Marie's daughter Elizabeth Roberts Jackson.
The Griffin's lovingly took ownership, and after a year of extensive restoration and renovation ~ where the beauty of the old was merged with the convenience of the new ~ the house proudly opened in May 2011 as the magnificent Riverside Inn Bed and Breakfast; one of Kentucky's most romantic inns.
In October of 2020 the Griffin's sold the property to the new and current owners Ray and Mandy Branscum


First United Methodist Church – Cleveland, TN
John Wesley started Methodist societies to minister to the common people of England. Methodist circuit riders spread the gospel to the frontiers of America. In 1837, Charles K. Lewis, a circuit rider of the Newtown District, organized First Methodist Church as a congregation of eighteen members meeting in the county’s original wooden courthouses. Three years later, the congregation moved into a framed building on the Oak Grove Academy’s lot. In 1849 a brick church was built on South Street at the corner of Church Street. Holston Conference met in this church on October 11, 1849 with Bishop O. Andrews presiding and W. C. Daily pastor.
Bradley Countians were divided during the Civil War. The county voted to remain a part of the Union. Southern sympathizers stressed loyalty to the Confederacy even in church affairs. This was unacceptable to many members, including the pastor, Jonathan Mann, who joined the Union army as a chaplain in 1863. The church building was used as a hospital and stable during the war. From 1863 to 1867, the services were held in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church.
The congregation reorganized in 1864 under the leadership of Pastor Mann. The present Sunday School was organized in 1866. In 1872 during the pastorate of J. J. Manker, a new brick church building on Inman Street was completed. The congregation worshipped in the Inman Street building until 1912, when a new building was dedicated on South Ocoee Street. This majestic building served as our church home until we moved to our present site on North Ocoee Street in 1979. In the fall of 2002 this site was renovated and expanded with the opening of the Christian Life Center.
First United Methodist Church continues to minister to Bradley County through mission outreach which includes a loving Child Development Center and Parent’s Day Out program, active United Methodist Women and Men’s groups, Sunday School, Bible Studies, mission trips, children, youth and college programs, and many other ministries.
Today the congregation remains dedicated to its purpose, adopted December 9, 1985, to “Proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ and to foster faith in and commitment to Jesus Christ as Lord.” Committed and dedicated, our congregation reaches “out in love and witness through our prayer, our gifts and our service.”


License plates may seem like a mundane part of our everyday lives, but they hold a deeper cultural significance than we may realize. In the case of Puerto Rico, license plates serve as a symbol of national pride, history, and identity. Let's explore the cultural significance of Puerto Rico license plates and understand why they are more than just a piece of metal on our vehicles.
What do Puerto Rico license plates represent?
Puerto Rico license plates represent the unique identity and heritage of the island. They showcase the vibrant culture, history, and natural beauty of Puerto Rico. Each license plate design tells a story and reflects the values and aspirations of the Puerto Rican people.
How do Puerto Rico license plates reflect the island's history?
Over the years, Puerto Rico license plates have evolved, mirroring the island's historical milestones. From the early days of simple numeric plates to the introduction of colorful designs, each change in the license plate design reflects a significant period in Puerto Rico's history. These plates serve as a visual timeline, reminding us of the island's journey.
What symbols are featured on Puerto Rico license plates?
Puerto Rico license plates often feature iconic symbols that represent the island's culture and heritage. The most recognizable symbol is El Morro, a historic fortress located in San Juan. El Morro symbolizes Puerto Rico's rich history and resilience. Other symbols include the Puerto Rican flag, the coqui (a small tree frog native to Puerto Rico), and the island's beautiful beaches and tropical landscapes.
Why are Puerto Rico license plates sought after by collectors?
Collecting license plates has become a popular hobby worldwide, and Puerto Rico license plates are highly sought after by collectors. These plates are not only valued for their unique designs but also for their historical significance. Collectors appreciate the opportunity to own a piece of Puerto Rico's culture and history, making these license plates highly coveted items.
Introducing Puerto Rico El Morro: A License Plate with a Story
Now that we understand the cultural significance of Puerto Rico license plates, it's time to introduce a product that encapsulates the essence of Puerto Rico's heritage - Puerto Rico El Morro. This limited edition license plate features a stunning design inspired by the iconic El Morro fortress. By purchasing Puerto Rico El Morro, you not only showcase your love for Puerto Rico but also contribute to the preservation of its cultural heritage. Display this unique license plate on your vehicle and become a part of Puerto Rico's rich history.


gave us the opportunity to see and experience a part of rural
Zulu life that we couldn't have done on our own. We felt privileged
to be given that insight. Your knowledge, expertise and love of
your work, your country, the Zulu people and their culture were
so obvious and much appreciated.
Heather and Gordon,
"Get hold of tour guide
for a day jam-packed
with fascinating facts
and more than your
fair share of laughs"
- Shelley Seid
Recently we watched a programme on TV about the
Zulu war and the battles of Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift. It was
interesting, but not nearly as good as being there and having
it explained so well. Thank you again.
Pauline & Mel, England
is my conviction that Zululand has more to offer tourists
than any other part of this country.
indigenous people with their rich and colourful history, as
well as their attractive lifestyle, are a major attraction,
add to this the natural beauty of this part of South Africa
and one has the primary ingredients for an exciting and memorable
In addition, Zululand has another major attraction in the
form of its wonderful wildlife. We can claim the Big Six -
not only with the Big Five in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Park
- but also with the Southern Right Whale as a regular winter
visitor off our coast. Add
to that the brilliant birding thoughout the whole of Zululand
- over 600 species of the possible 960 found in the entire
country - and the potential visitor has all the ingredients
for a fascinating visit.
our summers can be hot and humid, the weather for the rest
of the year is so mild that we can honestly claim to offer
visitors a 12-month season: sea temperatures off the Zululand
coast vary between 18 and 24 degrees Celcius making a visit
to any of our splendid beaches a treat, and only in the highlands
can one expect to find chilly winters.
a long-time resident and registered tour guide, I can offer
any visitor an intimate introduction to this remarkable part
of our country.
ROYAL REED DANCE 2013
Annual Royal Reed Dance - the highlight of the Zulu
cultural calendar and one of the most astonishing
gatherings of young girls in the world - has come
and gone and what a colourful event it was. Our
guests were given VIP seats in the Royal Enclosure
at the Enyokeni Palace near Nongoma where they enjoyed
a majestic view of 10 000 maidens dressed in their
finest beadwork present their reeds to the Zulu
the oldest Colonial settlement in Zululand, there is much
for visitors to see and do in and around this historic town.
In a guided tour visitors can learn about the history of
the area: How Norwegian missionaries were the first Europeans
to make meaningful contact with the Zulu kingdom and how
the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879 tore the kingdom apart but left
a lasting legacy with its colonial administration.
has always inspired fiery passions and it boasts one of the
largest concentration of battlefields in South Africa - be
it Boer against Brit, British against Zulu or Zulu against
Zulu. Retrace the events leading up to the Battle of Blood
River/Ncome River and then visit the remarkable battlefield.
The famous battlefields of Rorke's Drift and Isandlwana are
also an easy day trip away.
Drive into the undiscovered Thukela River valley,
where visitors can get an idea of what life in Zululand
prior to the advent of the colonial settlers was like. It
also includes visits to Ntunjambili (Krans Kop) and the
KwaSizabantu Mission. Travel through some awesome scenery
and take in the palatial homestead of President Jacob Zuma,
ShuShu hotsprings as well as Ntingwe, the only tea estate
tour through the immediate surroundings of Eshowe takes
visitors to the site where King Shaka had his Royal capital
- KwaBulawayo. His mother, Nandi, who was such an important
figure in his life, is buried close by. We also visit Mandawe
Cross with its spectacular site overlooking the Nkawleni
Valley which was once the king's personal hunting ground.
in the fascinating story of Zululand while you travel on
the historical Route 66 through the Valley of the Kings
and ulundi to one of the oldest game reserves in Africa
and home to the black and white rhinoceros. Once inside
the park you will be spoilt with some excellent viewing
and with luck you will get the Big Five before picnicing
on the banks of the iMfolozi River.
One of my most popular tours takes in a visit
to a rural village, including a school, where visitors have
the opportunity to experience the realities of life in Zululand.
There are also opportunities to buy craft directly from
the people who make it. An extended tour takes in a visit
to the Valley of the Kings where visitors can learn about
life in the times of King Cetshwayo and King Dingane.


Information about Catania
Catania (Italian: [kaˈtaːnja] is an Italian city on the east coast of Sicily facing the Ionian Sea, between Messina and Syracuse. It is the capital of the Province of Catania, and is the second-largest city in Sicily, the tenth in Italy, and the hundredth-largest city in the European Union.
Catania is known for its seismic history, having been destroyed by a catastrophic earthquake in 1169, another in 1693, and several volcanic eruptions from the neighboring Mount Etna volcano, the most violent of which was in 1669.
Catania has had a long and eventful history, having been founded in the 8th century BC. In 1434, it witnessed the opening of the first university in Sicily. Then in the 14th century and into the Renaissance period, Catania was one of Italy's most important and flourishing cultural, artistic, and political centers.
The city has been buried by lava a total of seventeen times in recorded history, and in layers under the present day city are the Roman city that preceded it, and the Greek city before that. Many of the ancient monuments of the Roman city have been destroyed by the numerous seisms. Currently, different ancient remains can be seen and visited in the city-centre, as part of an archaeological park (Parco Archeologico Greco-Romano di Catania).


The website for the North
Hertfordshire Village of Barkway incorporating Newsells
has been reconstructed and has a new site address.
Please click on
to find out the latest news and events relating to the village
The site also includes some interesting information
about the history of the village and contains
a gallery of photos both past and present showing scenes in the village.


Qualification: History GCSE
Exam Board: Edexcel
Assessment Method (coursework/exam breakdown):
Paper One: Written examination (30% of final mark)
Paper Two: Written examination (40% of final mark)
Paper Three: Written examination (30% of final mark)
Contact teacher: Mr A Hammond
Paper One: Thematic study and the historical environment (30% of final mark)
Crime and Punishment in Britain c1000 – present day.
Have you ever wondered why we have laws in the UK? How did we decide on what is legal / illegal? How should we punish people who break the law? Who has the right to decide on what is ‘right or wrong?’
These are some of the big questions you will analyse in the study of Crime and Punishment. This breadth study of over a thousand year will focus on the thematic investigation of Change and Continuity; how have the concepts of crime, punishment and law enforcement changed and evolved over a millennium? From the midsts of the Dark Ages to the glory of the Enlightenment, from the transportation ships of Australia to the hovels of Whitechapel, from the gallows of the ‘Bloody Code’ to the ideas of rehabilitation in the 21st century, all learners will have the opportunity to evaluate this fascinating study of History.
The study is broken down into key periods:
- 1000 – 1500
- 1500 – 1700
- 1700 – 1900
- 1900 – present day
All learners will have the chance to investigate one of the most infamous figures in History, Jack the Ripper, and evaluate the impact that the failing of that case had on the development of modern policing.
Paper Two: Period Study and British depth study (40% of the final mark)
Early Elizabethan England, 1558 – 1588
One of England’s most famous monarchs; vain, ‘Virgin Queen’, victor of the Armada, and notoriously jealous. But just how accurate is this traditional narrative?
This study of one of England’s most influential monarchs aims to challenge our existing stereotypes of a female ruler who can genuinely claim to have changed the course of History.
The American West, c1835 – c1895
Today America is the sole ‘superpower’ of the 21st century. Many historians claim that the 20th century belonged to the USA, the world we now live in has been shaped by American values and ideas. The question is how did this happen?
This Paper charts the beginnings of American exploration and the ‘Great Push West’. The investigation begins with a detailed enquiry into life before the ‘coming of Europeans’ and the beliefs and Plains Indian way of life. The investigation then moves into the ‘Development of the Plains’, the coming of the cattle industry and the birth of an American icon, the ‘Cowboy’. We then start to evaluate the changes that were taking place to the Plains Indians way of life. Finally, we study the period of ‘Conflict and Conquest’ that saw the complete destruction of the Plains Indians way of life and full exploitation of the West by settlers.
A challenging and emotive study, this Paper will appeal to those learners key to make parallels between the past and the modern day.
Paper Three: Modern Depth Study (30% of final mark)
Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1919 – 1939
How does a democracy die? How can a single politician enrapture a nation and lead them down a path that resulted in one of the greatest atrocities in human History?
With some worrying reflections on politics in the 21st century, learners will embark on a detailed study in the History of Germany in the first half of the 20th century. From the trauma of defeat in WW1 and the hopeful beginnings of democracy under the new Weimar Constitution, we evaluate how the new Germany state enjoyed the ‘Golden Years’ under Stresemann, only to be utterly ruined by international finance in 1929. we then chart the rise of an unknown political dissident from Austria, who used populist policies to galvanize a movement around himself that would enable him to seize power legally in 1933 and fulfil his promise to ‘destroy democracy from within’. From here we analyse how Hitler was able to build a totalitarian dictatorship that helped to lead the world back to war in 1939.
Post-16 Opportunities :
Education and Teaching
Research and Development
Marketing and Analysis
Publication and Research
OCR History A Level
What is the ethos of our A Level?
We aim to ensure:
All students will:
- Study the history of more than one country or state in addition to the study of British history
- Undertake a thematic study, covering an extended period of history of approximately 100 years
- Explore a topic in history they have an interest in through the coursework element.
- Our aim is to create independent learners, critical thinkers and decision-makers – all personal assets that can make them stand out as they progress to higher education and/or the workplace.
What will our A Level provide for all learners?
The encouragement to:
- develop their interest in and enthusiasm for history and an understanding of its intrinsic value and significance
- acquire an understanding of different identities within society and an appreciation of aspects such as social, cultural, religious and ethnic diversity, as appropriate
- build on their understanding of the past through experiencing a broad and balanced course of study
- improve as effective and independent learners and as critical and reflective thinkers with curious and enquiring minds develop the ability to ask relevant and significant questions about the past and to research them
- acquire an understanding of the nature of historical study, for example that history is concerned with judgements based on available evidence and that historical judgements are provisional
- develop their use and understanding of historical terms, concepts and skills
- make links and draw comparisons within and/or across different periods and aspects of the past
- organise and communicate their historical knowledge and understanding in different ways, arguing a case and reaching substantiated judgements.


The Last Castle, by Denise Kiernan -
The fascinating true story behind the magnificent Gilded Age mansion Biltmore - the
largest, grandest residence ever built in the United States. The Story of Biltmore spans
World Wars, the Jazz Age, the Depression, and generations of the famous Vanderbilt
family, and features a captivating cast of real-life characters, including F. Scott
Fitzgerald, Thomas Wolfe, Teddy Roosevelt, James Whistler, and Edith Wharton. The
Last Castle is the unique American story of how the largest house in America flourished,
faltered, and ultimately endured to the day.
Hannibal, by Patrick N. Hunt -
One of the greatest commanders of the ancient world brought vividly to life: Hannibal,
the brilliant general who successfully crossed the Alps with his war elephants and
brought Rome to its knees. To this day Hannibal is still regarded as a military genius.
Napoleon, George Patton, and Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. are only some of the generals
who studied and admired him. His strategy and tactics are still taught in military
academies. He is one of the figures of the ancient world whose life and exploits never fail
The One Device, by Brian Merchant -
How did the iPhone transform our world and turn Apple into the most valuable company
ever? This deep dive takes you from inside One Infinite Loop to 19th century France to
WWII America, from the driest place on earth to a Kenyan pit of toxic e-waste, and even
inside Shenhen's notorious "suicide factories."This is a firsthand look at how the
cutting-edge tech that makes the world work - touch screens, motion trackers, and even
A.I. - made their way into our pockets.
The Ghost Ship of Brooklyn, by Robert Watson -
The most horrific struggle of the American Revolution occurred just 100 yards off New
York, where more men died aboard a rotting prison ship than were lost to combat
during the entirety of the war. Moored off the coast of Brooklyn until the end of the war,
the HMS Jersey was a living hell for thousands of Americans either captured by the
British or accused of disloyalty. Throughout the colonies the mere mention of the ship
sparked fear and loathing of British troops. It also sparked backlash and ended up
rallying support for the war.
Killing England, by Bill O'Reilly -
The latest installment in Bill O'Reilly and
Martin Dugard's mega-selling Killing
series transports readers to the most
important era in our nation's history, the
Revolutionary War. Told through the
eyes of George Washington, Benjamin
Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Great
Britain's King George III, Killing England
chronicles the path to independence in
gripping detail, from the battlefield's of
America to the royal courts of Europe.
|Why, by Mario Livio -
Curiosity is at the heart of mystery and suspense novels. It's also essential to other
forms of art, from painting to sculpture to music. It is the principal driver of basic
scientific research. Even so, there is still no definitive scientific consensus about why
we humans are so curious, or about the mechanisms in our brain that are responsible
for curiosity. Mario Livio explores this irresistible subject in a lucid, entertaining way
that will captivate anyone who is curious about curiosity.


Having met as teenagers at the Dino’s Café in their hometown of Helensburgh in Scotland, Helen became the stopwatch of Jackie’s life for over 60 years – her razor-sharp mind timing his laps to the millisecond with unfaltering accuracy.
Trackside at race weekends, Helen witnessed the terrible danger – and death – synonymous with Formula 1 at the time. With Jackie retiring from racing in 1973, Helen supported his successful campaigning for greater safety – on the racetrack and on the roads.
“Without me, he wouldn’t be World Champion!”
Despite leaving school at 15 with undiagnosed dyslexia, Jackie excelled in sport, first as an Olympic class shot and then – most famously – as a racing driver.In 1965, Jackie scored his first Grand Prix Championship at Monza, going on to achieve 27 Grand Prix victories and three Formula 1 Drivers World Championship crowns. Many consider Jackie as the leading driver of his era.
Establishing Paul Stewart Racing with his son in 1988, they went on to create Stewart Grand Prix, which was bought by Ford in 1999. Reigning champions, Red Bull Racing, shares its DNA with Stewart Grand Prix.
Today Jackie is involved in numerous charitable organisations, including Dyslexia Scotland, the Grand Prix Trust and the British Racing Drivers’ Club. Jackie was awarded the OBE in 1972 and became Sir Jackie Stewart in 2001.
Sir Jackie Stewart OBE


When was the first rabies vaccine administered to a human being?
Answer: in 1885
After successfully preventing diseases in animals, Louis Pasteur treated a young boy, Joseph Meister, who had been exposed to the rabies virus. The treatment saved his life.
This event marked the first vaccination and the first vaccine against rabies.


Cha Roga Club, founded on February 6, 1952 and founding member of the Santa Fe Rugby Union in 1955, has among its top sporting achievements the titles of First Division Rugby the years 55, 56, 57, 58, 66 and 72 and the promotion to the First Division in 2007.
In 1952, the practice of Rugby Club Gimnasia y Esgrima de Santa Fe disappears. This led to the founding of two of the oldest rugby clubs in the city. Cha Roga Club and La Salle Jobson.
Since December 1979 (27 years after its foundation) that Cha Roga is installed in the city of SANTO TOME, there are held its activities, both rugby and hockey and institutional activities. The acquisition of the property, more than five hectares, was possible thanks to the personal efforts of those who at that time were members of the first division club immediately beginning the construction of the building facilities for comfort of all its members and visitors that arrived at the institution.
The time threw up new satisfactions for the big gaff family stand in the eighties, including the onset of Children and Youth Rugby practice which undoubtedly became a stronghold of the steady growth of the club, becoming the basis for future higher teams.
Female Hockey development in all its divisions and achievements of up nationwide, allowed the club to increase the prestige forged over decades, making deserved recognition in the environment of the ball.
These great achievements of the institution, is added the incorporation of Rugby Women in their ranks, which since the late nineties and continuously train and participate in various events nationwide. Club Cha Roga is a pioneer nationally in terms of women’s rugby.
Currently, the Club (in constant preparation and construction), consisting of two rugby pitches of 15, one for “the little ones” and a ground, for women’s hockey.
The central barbecue, which is equipped with grills and cooking, has a spacious lounge with sample club sporting achievements, trophies and other awards, where events are held and used to do the “third time”.
The secretariat, bathrooms and changing rooms, the mast, the pool and the famous “little castle” with their games and canteen, make up the other buildings of the Club, who are immersed in a wooded property that make the Club, an ideal place.


The Boston Terrier originated in 1865, in Boston, Massachusetts. Pit fighting was still a popular with many people. The Boston Terrier began as a fighting dog. The Boston Terrier of 1865 is not the dog we know in modern
The history that has been documented is that Robert C. Hooper, of Boston, Massachusetts, came into ownership of a mutt that was part English Bulldog, and part English Terrier(now thought to be extinct). This dog's name was Judge. He was tall, and was colored a dark brindle with a white stripe on his face. His head had a blocky appearance. Judge weighed around 32 pounds. A cross breeding with a Bulldog-type bitch by the name of Gyp, who was owned by an Edward Burnett, of Southborough, Massachusetts. The bitch was shorter, and she also had short blocky head type. She was smaller and weighed approx. 20 pounds. The breeding produced very large dogs that may have resembled the American Staffordshire terriers that we know today. Some of the dogs grew up to weigh 60 lbs.
There is some speculation that the
French im migrants who worked in the sweatshops brought over lap dogs (French bulldogs) whom may have eventually gotten into this mix. It is true that the Boston terrier exhibits some characteristics of the “frenchie”.
The specifics of the early development of the breed are up for debate. Many speculate that the breed has also been derived from boxers, American pit bull terriers and bull terriers. The dogs eventually were called "stableman's" or "the barber's dog". This title came from the working class, whom often would gather at the pubs and arrange breedings for the pit. Some of these people had access to their employer's purebred dogs.
Wealthy people of the time being the ones to mainly own purebreds. These people would borrow the dogs of the folks they worked for, and breed the dogs. The mongrel offspring often ended up in pits unfortunately by the hands of those who bred them in the first place, secretly for that purpose. Surprisingly the breedings were strategically planned for certain characteristics, it was not hit and miss. These same dogs also had duel purposes as vermin exterminators, family pets, and for guard. They were strongly regarded by all walks of life to be loyal, trustworthy, and sound.
By 1891, the Boston Terrier was considered an established breed of dog. Through the many breedings of these working class people, the Boston bred into something that we may recognize as similar to the breed today. Puppies grew to resemble their parents, which is a known as a term called "breeding true". A handful of breeders decided to form the American Bull terrier Club after this time they applied to the American Kennel club. Fanciers of the bull terrier were outraged. The dog that was being recognized looked nothing like a bull terrier. James Watson a writer at the time, gave the dog a new name, to avoid confusion. He believed that because the origins of this animals began in Boston, that it should be called the "Boston Terrier". With this, in agreement, the Bull Terrier club changed its name to the Boston Terrier Club and in the year 1893 it was accepted as a pedigree breed into the American Kennel Club.
The Boston terrier has the distinction of being the first American breed recognized by the A.K.C. In the beginning of the 1900's, Boston Terriers being exhibited still may have weighed around 30 pounds or so. In the 1920's more care was put into the refinement of type, markings and weight. Fortunately fighting was quickly becoming a sport of the past, causing many of the Bostons of that time to be taken in as companions. The breed took a turn as a parlor dog and began to be bred even smaller. Around the middle of the century the Boston was recognizable as what we might see today. In current times the dog is prized as a beloved family pet. Sizes may range from 10-25 pounds.
Bostons are energetic and lively dogs. Rarely you will find a "couch potato" in this breed. They excel at most things especially in making you laugh. They are mischievious and get bored if there is no direction(much like a child). When looking at new puppy homes I often look for a strong sense of humor, patience, and for people that really enjoy life. These three traits are a must for any potential Boston owner.


After graduating from architectural school and his
apprenticeship, Kevin began buying and
renovating old buildings in Philadelphia. He
continued his design career and work with historic
architecture, building numerous projects ranging
from houses & condos to parking structures. He
moved to Key West in 1992.
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
Bachelor of Architecture, 1978
CADD Institute of Miami, Autocad 2004
We began working as a team in 1982 first in Philadelphia, later at Long Beach
Island, NJ and finally Key West. Our focus in Key West has been renovation of existing frame
and concrete buildings with new additions, decks, porches, pools and landscaping. We have
also built new construction residential jobs including heavy timber post and beam construction
and light commercial jobs including tenant fit-out.
|Key West Contractor, Custom Residential Design + Build, Builder of historic renovation & new construction
|www.toolboxgc.com Toolbox Inc. General Contractors License #CGC1507978
G E N E R A L C O N T R A C T O R S
3056 Riviera Dr.
Key West, FL 33040
Eastport, Maine - Vacation House Rental
4 Bedrooms, 1 1/2 Baths, Sleeps 8
Located downtown on Water Street near Eastport's historic seaport, this gracious Queen Ann
home was built in 1897 in the year following the Great Fire. The house and gardens offer
water views of Passamaquoddy Bay, Campobello Island and the Canadian Maritime Islands.
Filled with original architectural features, hardwood floors and tin ceilings, and furnished with
antiques, taxidermy and original artwork, the house evokes Eastport's golden age at the end
of the 19th century.
The ground floor boasts large gracious rooms including the Front Parlor, Library, Living
Room with fireplace, Dining Room and Kitchen and also opens to perennial gardens, a
relaxing outdoor space to enjoy the salt air. Upstairs, 4 bedrooms host 8 guests in period
Click for more Photos & Information


son of king Shrenik, dr-Abhay, Abhay Prasad, Abhayendra :
Abhinandan: congratulations, name of the 4th teerthankar, dr-
Abhi ,Abhishek , Abhijeet ;
Adinath : a name of Rishabhdev;
Ajatshatru: one who has no enemies, a disciple of Bhagawan
Ajitnath: name of the 2nd teerthankar, dr- Ajit, Ajit
Kumar, Ajit Prasad ;
Akalank: one who has no blame on him; a famous Jain Acharya
from medieval India;
Akash: space, one of the Panchastikay;
Amoghvarsh : a Jain king of medieval Maharastra; dr-Amogh.
Amrutchandra/Amritchandra: a famous Jain Acharya;
Anantnath: name of the 14th teerthankar, dr- Anant
Anant Prasad, Anant Kumar ;
Arhant : dr- Arhat Arihant, Arhadas, Arhnath. Arinjay.
Bahubali: one who has strength in his
arms, armstrong, son of Rishabhdev, brother of Bharat;
Balbhadra: Baldev: Bhadra:
Bhadrabahu: a famous Jain Acharya from medieval India, Guru of
Bhamandal: brother of Seeta, only found in Jain Ramayan;
Bharat: the first Chakrawarti of India, son of Rishabhdev,
elder brother of Bahubali, dr- Bhartesh, Bharateshwar, Bharat
Kumar, Bharatraj , Bhaarat, Bhartendu.
Bimbisar: a name of king Shrenik;
Bindusar: a Jain emperor,
Bramha: dr- Bramhendra.
Bhuvanendra: dr- Bhuvanedra Kumar, Bhuvanesh.
Chakreshwar: mg.of Chakreshwari
Chamundrai : commander in chief of Jain king Gangraj in
Chandragupta:first emperor of India, who became a Jain Acharya
in his later life,
Chandraprabhu: name of the 8th teerthankar; dr-Chandranath ,Chandrakant.
Chetak: a king disciple of Bhagwan Mahavir;
Deshbhushan: a Jain Acharya in the age of Ram;
Devendra: dr- Devendra Kumar:
Dharmanath: Name of the 15th teerthankar, dr-Dharm,
Dharnendra: yaksha of Bhagwan Parshwnath;
Dharsen: a famous Jain Acharya in medieval India;
Gajkumar: a disciple of Bhagwan Mahavir,
Gomtesh : a name of Bahubali,
Goutam: the first disciple and Gandhar of Bhagwan Mahavir;
Harikesh: a disciple of Bhagwan Mahavir;
Harshwardhana:a Jain-Bouddh king in medieval India,
Hemchandra: a famous Jain Acharya in 12th century, Guru of King
Indra: king of Gods, dr- Indra Kumar,
Indrabhuti : a name of Goutam Gandhar :
Jinchand :Jinchandra: Jinchandran. Jindatt. Jinkumar. Jinendra.
Jinendra Kumar. Jineshwar. Jinpal. Jivandhar:
Keshi: a name of Rishabhdev, dr-Keshikumar.
Kulbhushan: a Jain Acharya in the age of Ram.
Kumarpal :A Jain king of medieval Gujarat, disciple of
Kunthunath: name of the 17th teerthankar, dr-Kunthu,
Mallinath : name of the 19th
teerthakar, dr-Malli, Mallesh.
Mahavir : name of the 24th teerthankar, dr-Veer, Ativeer.
Mangal : holy.
Munisuvrat : name of the 20th teerthankar.
Nabhiraj : father of Rishabhdev, dr-Nabhiray,
Nabhinandan : Rishabhdev.
Naminath : name of the 21st teerthankar, dr-Nami, Namikumar.
Nandivardhan : brother of Bhagwan Mahavir;
Neminath :name of the 22nd teerthankar, dr-Nemnath,
Nemichand, Nemichandra, Nemi, Nemidas ,Nemdas, Nemendra ,Nemikumar,
Nirmal: clean, dr- Nirmal Kumar, Nirmal Prasad;
Padmaprabhu: name of the 6th
teerthankar, dr- Padmanath, Padm/Padam, Padmakumar, Padmaraj.
Parshwanath: name of the 23rd teerthankar, dr- Paras,
Paraskumar, Parshwa, Parshwakumar. Pradumna: son of Shrikrishna;
Prasenjit: a disciple of Bhagwan Mahavir;
Rishabhnath: name of the 1st teerthankar, dr- Rishabhdev,
Rishabh, Rishabhkumar, Rishabhraj.
Sagar: name of the 2nd Chakravarti;
Saket: Jain name of Ayodhya;
Sanatkumar: dr- Sanat.
Samantbhadra: a famous Jain Acharya from ancient India, dr-
Sambhavnath:name of the 3rd teerthankar, dr- Sambhav.
Sammed: the place where 20 teerthankars attained nirvan;
Samyak: right, true
Sanmati: a name of Bhagwan Mahavir,
Shantinath: name of the 16th teerthankar,dr- Shatichandra,
Shantikumar,Shantilal,Shantiprasad. Sheetalnath: name of the 10th
teerthankar,dr- Sheetal, Sheetalprasad.
Shrenik: a disciple king of Bhagwan Mahavir;
Shreyansnath: name of the 11th teerthankar, dr- Shreyans,
Siddharth: father of Bhagwan Mahavir;
Sudharma: a Gandhar of Bhagwan Mahavir
Sumatinath : name of the 5th teerthankar, dr-Sumatikumar.
Suparshwa : name of the 7th teerthankar.
Vardhman : growthful, a name of Bhagwan Mahavir.
Vasupujya :name of the 12th teerthankar,dr-Vasu.
Veer : a name of Bhagwan Mahavir, dr-Veeren. Veerendra.
Veerendra Kumar. Veerendra Nath. Veeresh. Veerkumar.
Vimalnath : Name of the 13th teerthankar,dr-Vimal.


Sarah A. “Sally” Bunnell passed away on March 23, 2022 in the Reflections memory care community at MorningStar of Beaverton, shortly after entering hospice care. She was 90.
Sally was raised on the McMillan family ranch in northeastern Washington, the daughter of David and Mary McMillan. After graduating from Colville High School, she attended Whitman College in Walla Walla. At Whitman she met Roderick “Rod” Bunnell; the couple married in 1955 and settled near Portland in 1963. While raising her family, Sally pursued a lifelong interest in regional history first as a docent for the Oregon Historical Society, then briefly as its Education Director, and later on the board of the Washington County Historical Society (now Five Oaks Museum).
Once her sons were of school age, Sally became a community volunteer, beginning with PTA and Scouting activities. An early supporter of the Cedar Mill Community Library, she also held numerous leadership roles at what is now Cedar Hills United Church of Christ. An early advocate for special-needs students, she served on various local school committees before being appointed to the Beaverton School District Board of Directors in 1979, then re-elected for two full terms. In 1990, she ran successfully for the Washington County Education Service District (ESD) board. In 1997, following a merger, she was elected to the board of its successor organization, the Northwest Regional ESD.
Sally was also an education advocate in the wider community. She was a longtime member of Beaverton’s Citizens for School Support, encouraging voters to approve tax levies and bond measures; of the Beaverton Education Foundation, raising funds for grants given to individual schools, programs, and educators; of the legislative committees of the Oregon School Boards Association and Oregon Association of ESDs; and of the Oregon State Scholarship Commission, aiding students in need of financial help to complete their educations.
Sally may have most enjoyed her role as historical consultant to the Beaverton School Board. Between 1993 and 2008, she prepared nine surveys for the Board in connection with the construction of ten new school buildings, in each case recommending historically significant names for the new schools appropriate to the history of their individual neighborhoods. The research needed for these projects was consistently thorough and always rewarding, and in six of the ten cases involved, the Board’s choice of a school name came from among Sally’s recommendations.
She is survived by a sister, Mary Brandt (Colville, WA), sons John (Beaverton) and David (San Pedro, CA), daughter-in-law Jenna, and two grandchildren. Her husband of over 50 years, Roderick L. “Rod” Bunnell, died in 2015.
A memorial service will be held at 12:30 pm on Sunday, July 10 at Cedar Hills United Church of Christ. In lieu of flowers, the family suggests contributions in Sally’s name to Beaverton Education Foundation, Cedar Hills United Church of Christ, Five Oaks Museum, and/or Whitman College.


According to the ancient and living tradition, in 52 A.D St.Thomas, one of the twelve apostles of Christ reached Muzris(Believed to be the present Kodungallur), an important sea port in Kerala in the south west coast of India, in a trading ship. As his first mission he reached Arthat to meet the Jews there at ‘Juda Kunnu’. He preached there the Gospel of Christ. Many Jews and native high castes were converted to the Christian faith and it believed that the Jewish Synagogue at Arthat was converted to a Christian Church. Thus the first Christian Church at Malankara was established. (‘Malankara’ was a term used to denote Malabar both meant hilly area. ) He organized there Christian communities and places of worship and appointed ministers to look after their spiritual needs and guide them. (As mentioned in The Bible, this was the common practice of the Apostles)
The present Arthat St. Mary’s Orthodox Syrian Church is believed to be the pioneer Christian Community founded by St.Thomas in the first century A.D(c 52 A.D). The prominence given to this church by the early historians, circumstantial evidences, and the later historical records bear witness to this tradition.
But Palayur or Paloor is listed as the place where St. Thomas established a Christian Congregation. Here a word od clarification is needed. Paloor was a region comprised of the neighbouring localities around Arthat- Chattukulangara Thalappalli. In due course it became the name of a small place very closer Arthat. But the geological and historical facts show the possibility that the present Palayur was under the sea during those days and the present Arthat is the first high land from the sea level in the Paloor region, which was known as Jewish Hill or ‘Juda Kunnu’. The facts about the present Palayur is not suitable to connect it with the St. Thomas mission. But some vested groups deliberately connect the present Palayur with the St. Thomas mission from the second half of 19th century onwards. It is either by lack of historical mind or a deliberate and organized attempt to propagate anachronism. However, now they also began to realize the fact and trying to connect Arthat with St. Thomas Mission.
Some facts about Arthat and Palayur
1. The Church at Arthat is dedicated to St. Mary, The Mother of God, while that of present Palayur, to St. Kuriakose, a Saint who lived around fourth century A.D, and was introduced to Malankara only in the fifth century. It is impossible to build up a church in first century by St. Thomas, in memory of a fourth century saint in anticipation. But it is more reasonable to believe, the Church at Arthat which was dedicated to St. Mary, as a permanent monument of St. Thomas mission.
2. The present Palayur village is on the sea level, and during the formative years of Christian era, was believed to be, under the sea. The nearness to the sea, the sandy soil, and the presence of oceanic fossils also bear witness to this fact. But Arthat is the first high land from the sea level in the Paloor region, which was known as Jewish Hill or ‘Juda Kunnu’.
3. The sentiment towards Arthat still exists in the minds of believers irrespective of denomination; and there are seven churches of different denominations at the small village of Arthat itself. It is known as the Jerusalem of Malankara. There is no such sentiment towards the present Palayur. In turn the people of Palayur have a strong sentiment towards Arthat and they even built a church there and now began to claim there St. Thomas connection.
4. There are several random references in many historical books about the St. Thomas connection of Arthat Church. (For e.g. ‘Sakthan Thampuran’ by Puthezhathu Raman Menon, III Edition P. 291)
5. When Tippu Sulthan turned against the prominent ancient Churches of Malabar, he burnt the ancient Church at Arthat. This shows that Arthat was the prominent Church of this region even in eighteenth century i.e at the time of Tippu's invasion.
6. Francis Buchanan (1800 A.D), and Claudius Buchanan (1806 A.D), two Anglican Delegates who visited Kerala to enquire the position of the St. Thomas Christians in nineteenth century had visited many important Churches of Kerala including that of Arthat. But it is to be noted that they never visited or even mentioned the Church at the present Palayur. However there is a reference about the Chavakkad cross church, which was under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of Arthat Church. This shows that even in the 19th century there was no such claim associated with the present Palayur.


Wolfgang Reforest and the Treasures of Ireland SummitFeb 02, 2024
I was a guest at the Treasure of Irleand Summit to assist the charity WolFGanad Reforest, the summit was beautifully orchestrated by Elizabeth at Magical Story Telling
The British empire was conquered by the British navy.
The British navy was built on Irish oak.
The colonial thirst for timber devastated the wildlife & the woodlands of Ireland.
History of Deforestation and Wolf Extermination in Ireland
Ancient Irish Mythology
The wolf features heavily in Irish mythology. The Irish word for wolf is Mac Tíre meaning literally “Son of the Country(side)” Wolves were plentiful in Ireland long after they were hunted to extinction in neighbouring countries. This is why Ireland was known as “Wolf land” to our neighbours and Irish warriors fighting the colonial forces were referred to as “human wolves”.
Trees are also entwined in Irish culture from the deepest of our ancient roots. The early Irish alphabet used tree names as letters. The majority of Irish place-names were once Gaelic tree names. Trees such as Oak, Ash and Hazel were sacred in Brehon law and were believed to have magical and medicinal properties.
Timeline of Deforestation and Devastation
1200 B.C. Post-glacial wild woodland covered approximately 80% of Ireland. Without human interference, the country today would still be a dense blanket of ancient forest.
In pre-Christian Irish society, Brehons or judges laid down the law. This early body of law is now recognised as the oldest known European example of a sophisticated legal system. Brehon laws promoted the symbiotic relationship between humans and nature. Trees were protected because of their value to the community. Chopping down trees was punished by loss of cattle and loss of standing in the community.
Brehon law survived relatively intact right through the Early Christian period and on to the arrival of the Normans in 1169.
1169 A.D. British Rule began in Ireland. The Normans brought the notion of absolute land ownership to Ireland. Brehon law’s reverence of trees and nature was replaced by the colonial urge to subjugate nature and the ‘savages’ of the colonised land. It was under the Normans that Ireland first became a source of timber supply for England. Roads and bridges, as well as houses, were among the structures made from wattling, as the name Baile Átha Cliath (‘the Ford of the Wattles’) implies.
1543 Henry VIII’s Forest Act is enacted. This act is prompted by the English national requirement for shipping, brought on by the increase of colonization led by Drake, Raleigh and Frobisher. This change in policy is to have a drastic and enduring effect on the Irish woodlands.
1560 Elizabeth comes to the throne. During her rule, which stretched to 1603, bitter rebellion in Ireland was widespread. There was a proverb at the time that ‘the Irish will never be tamed while the leaves are on the trees’. Elizabeth expressly orders the destruction of all woods in Ireland to deprive the Irish insurgents of shelter. This arboreal annihilation also provides timber for her ongoing efforts to build up her navy for battle with the Spanish.
1600 Irish forest cover is now down to 12%. The next century is particularly devastating for Irish woodlands and wildlife.
1606 It is estimated that the Tinahely Woods which once covered all the hills and valleys of south Wicklow could furnish the Crown with timber for shipping and other uses for the next twenty years.
1609 Ulster plantations begin, with the province’s prime lands assigned to British undertakers. Often the planters’ first act was to deforest the land to make it suitable for grazing and to monetise the timber.
The idea of plantation had come from Machiavelli’s ‘The Prince’ of 1513. One would assign prime plots of land of the country you were seeking to conquer to loyal subjects from the home country. These ‘planters’ would, by virtue of their new land, become over time the economic and then subsequently, the political elite. The idea is put into effect in Ireland throughout the 17th century.
1610 A Lord Blennerhassett “recommended periodic manhunts to track down the human wolves to their lairs”. The ‘human wolves’ he is referring to are Irish warriors who resided in the forests. These warriors are seen as a threat to the new ‘planters’.
In 1614, an Englishman named Henric Tuttesham was authorised to assemble wolf extermination squads in every county in Ireland. This time it’s the canine Wolf the colonisers are seeking to exterminate.
1649 Cromwell’s campaign begins with massacres of the Irish at Drogheda and Wexford.
1652 Cromwell’s Irish Government set substantial bounties on wolves. This attracts wolf hunters from England. Bounties paid indicate that over 700 wolves were exterminated at this time.
1656 The Civil Survey of Ireland details woods by townland. According to these records, Ireland forestry cover is now down to a meagre 2%. Three and a half centuries later, in 2020 our native woodland is still at 2%.
1666 The Great Fire of London. After the London fire, a law is passed prohibiting the building of houses in Dublin from wood, which was, in any case, now scarce and expensive. The demand for Irish oak to rebuild London was very great.
1704 Catholics are barred from owning property in Ireland.
1711 100 years after the Ulster plantations began, 75% of the land of Ireland has been forfeited and made available to colonists who immediately deforested the land. Ireland is now a “treeless wilderness”. “They have not left enough wood to make a toothpick in places” Chevalier de Latocnaye.
In the year 1786 the last wolf in Ireland was killed in Co Carlow, having been the prime suspect in recent sheep killings.
1903 The Wyndham Land Act in 1903 killed off the “Landlordism” culture in agricultural Ireland. Government loans were advanced to tenants to purchase their land at reasonable terms.
Over the next decade, absentee landlords hastily felled forestry to generate revenue before the final transfers of ownership to their Irish tenants.
1914 Forest cover is at its lowest point: 1.5% of poor quality forestry in Ireland.
1992 A 20 year hard-fought campaign by a number of public interest groups saves the very last vestiges of the Tinahely Oak woods from being clear-felled. Europe’s oldest coppice woods and Ireland’s most ancient oak forest is now under government protection.
2020 More than a century after the low point of 1.5%, Ireland’s natural native tree cover is now a meagre 2%. Our official tree cover of 11% is the lowest in Europe. 9% of the “official” 11% is monoculture plantations which are not a habitat for wildlife and they actually contribute negatively to climate change.
2021 After 8 centuries of deforestation and devastation, a movement of people planting trees gathers momentum.
Will you be part of it?
“Each of us trying to improve biodiversity is not only something that helps the environment and helps the planet – but it’s a radical act of decolonisation!”
I also shared a few prayers and blessings and messages and Elizabeth and the team tuned into a beautiful graphic - see below:


1915 Prussian Officers Field Tunic
Slate grey private purchase tunic for a Prussian Officer in the 1915 regulations style with added top pockets, not per regulations, as favoured by Officers.
Shoulder boards point it's previous owner to 8th (1st Rhenish) Field Artillery "von Holtzendorff" of the
XXI Army Korps.
Excellent condition with the occasional small moth nip but nothing to detract fr... read more
Austrian Storm Troops Officers Uniform
Karlsbluse and breeches for a Leutnant in either Austrian IR 3 or 4 or Hungarian Regt 19 or 32. All well established prestigious units.
Tunic has the Karl bravery medal, tin whistle on lanyard plus a rare and original storm troops assault badge.
The tunic is typical late war manufacture with no lining and made of coarse material but in excellent good condition.
II Battalion 19 Infantry Regiment. 1927-1929
Album of pictures showing among other things, the visit of General Heye to the unit in the 1929.
Taken by the Bttl. Adjt. Yank from 1927 to 1929. He later became a senior Officer in the Wehrmacht commanding troops at Korps level during WW2..
It's a fabulous photo album with clear captions, presented in a nice album. read more
Album for Bavarian Infantry Regiment 20.
Circa 1920-1925 with approx 90 pictures.
A mix of military and personal/family pictures showing the soldiers service in the Reichswehr.
Clear detail on the pictures showing the early uniforms adopted by the New Army along with a nice mix of equipment from the old. read more
Bavarian Infantry Regiment 21 circa 1926
Really clear picture that has been framed before of a group of senior NCO's from IR21.
Older men and most WW1 veteran's these appear to be the NCO cadre of the new army. Lots of medals and medal bars to see plus nice uniform shot of the new Reichswehr issue Tunic and swords.
It is dated 1926. read more
Infantry Regiment 13 Company Picture circa 1922
This is actually a lot clearer than my 2023 picture ! great company portrait showing the OIC in the middle still wearing his Imperial tunic. Other ranks have been issued the 1920 Reichswehr uniform but all wear the buckle belt of the old Army. Clearly the new belt buckle has not reached them yet !
Come out of a frame at some point. read more
portrait Photograph of a Saxon Regiment Other Ranks circa 1933
Clear picture that has been framed, probably on some proud mum's wall at sometime in the past.
Shows an other ranks soldier from a Saxon Regiment, possibly Artillery in walking out uniform with sword.
Insignia dates it too 1933 as does the note on the bottom and a signature of owner ? read more
Inflation Money plus five small paper Service Momentoes
100,000 Reich mark Notes from th2 1920's hpyer inflation days plus five small paper momentoes of service in the various arms of the military. Nice bit of kitch. read more


The history of slots games is extensive and charming. Back in the early days, the slot machine was known as the ‘one-armed bandit’ and would be almost unrecognisable in comparison with today’s modern video slots. However, the core of the slot game is still at the heart of each game, despite their drastic evolution in appearance and some gameplay elements. Check out how far modern video slots have come by playing at Gold Rush Slots online. But how did this incredible evolution take place?
The Early Days
We’re taking you all the way back to the 1880’s, when the first slot machines were available for gameplay, although these games were not played for cash. Instead, the first one-armed bandits paid out rewards of tokens, which could then be used for cigarettes, cigars or beer. Slots were also aimed at two or more people playing together to win.
The introduction of the Liberty Bell slot machine in 1895 was a significant development in the history of slots. Charles Vey invented this innovative machine; one that is recognised as the true beginning of the slots industry we know and love today. People played Liberty Bell for coins; and there were 3 reels plus a variety of symbols including horseshoes, bells and playing cards. Landing 3 bell symbols in a row would award you the grand prize.
From the very late 1890s and beyond, slot machines became very popular, triggering a worldwide love of slots that is still very much alive today.
A Turn of Events
The popularity of slot machines continued to blossom, until 1909, when changes were made to America’s gambling laws and a total ban was applied. Slots survived, but instead of paying out cash prizes, they paid out gum, which the familiar ‘bar’ symbol represents. The playing cards and bells symbols were also replaced with items of fruit.
In spite of the changes, the popularity of slots started its decline, since there were very few establishments where the machines could be installed legally. Slots were still played, but this was all carried out illegally.
Starting to Flourish
The government began to recognise that money could be generated through taxes on slots and casinos, and after World War II – when money was in short supply – the ban on gambling was relaxed. Thus, the Golden Age of slot machines arrived, beginning in what became the casino capital (Las Vegas) and soon spreading across the world.
The popularity of slots flourished for many years, but naturally, the number of users eventually began to decline as the public began to get a little bored. It was the 1980’s. Money was abundant; however, the slots industry was a little stagnant and there was the captivating rise of computer games; a new, exciting technological development, and exciting to play despite no available cash prize to win.
Hello Video Slots
Slots software developers observed these new trends and technological advancements with interest. In time, slot machines followed suit. Classic one-armed bandits were modernised; there were now buttons to press rather than mechanical arms, and the graphics began to adapt. The old reels were replaced with larger video screens akin to those of computer games on popular consoles. Ultimately, the casino slots empire was on the rise once again.
The Online Slot Games of Today
Since the introduction of video slots, there have been astounding advances in internet-based technology. Today, while land-based casinos continue to offer physical video slot machines, most slots are based online. These are often visual wonders; packing in striking graphics and sound-effects, and creating an all-round immersive slot game experience for all. Online slots are abundant and varied; using a Random Number Generator (RNG) in the same way that physical slot machines do. They are safe, convenient, easy and often more fun to play than ever before.


We’re lucky here in New Jersey that we are surrounded by American history. The Old Barracks Museum in Trenton is one of those historical gems. The Barracks were built in 1758 to house British soldiers during the French and Indian war. During the Revolutionary War, General George Washington and his troops crossed Delaware river to surprise the Hessian troops staying in the Barracks. Now, the Old Barracks Museum serves as an educational museum as well as an event space.
We installed Armstrong Prime Harvest 3/4″ x 5″ oak wood flooring in “Gunstock” in their Founder’s Room event space.
The newly renovated room looks great and will be home to many exciting events in the future.
Thank you to the Old Barracks for use of their photos.


Rânes is a small village in Basse-Normandie region. From what I can figure out, Lower and Upper Normandy means more or less western and eastern Normandy because Basse-Normandie isn’t really low from anywhere, minus England maybe. Once occupied by the Romans and the Franks (who gave the country its name), Lower Normandy got its name from the Normans (William of Orange, the conqueror of England in 1066, was Norman and is buried in Caen north of here.)
The region traded hands quite a few times over the centuries including being ruled by the fabulously named Plantagenets. And the beaches of Calvados, about 1.5 hours due north from Rânes were the landing beaches of the Allied invasion of WWII. I always assumed they were on the west coast of the country but they are north off the English Channel. Yes, it is very American of me to assume the invasion had to come from the west because that’s, you know, where America is. Yes, I studied American History. Yes, I am blushing.
Heavily agricultural, the area of Basse-Normandie we are in is cow heavy and known for its cidre, ciders made from apple or pear. (More on that. So much more on that.) Our gîte, La Balayrie, is lovely and next door to another house called La Balayrie. They have a dirt bike track and a St. Bernard. I don’t know why they are both called La Balayrie. I don’t think my French is good enough to figure it out either. I do know that I like that Google Maps lists it by name.
The village or town or hamlet or whatever is lovely. It’s a one roundabout kinda town (yup, more on that later too).
There is a mini golf course but we think it’s closed. A big phew that the boulangerie is thriving.
The population of the village of Rânes was 1035. Until we got here.
Now it’s 1041.
Once occupied by the Romans and the Franks now it’s occupied by the Schumachers.


This prestigious and historic office building, also known as The Capitol Center, offers unobstructed views of downtown Salem and the Willamette River. The Capitol Tower is a landmark building known as the "tallest office building in Salem," and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 as the Old First National Bank Building.
|Property Type||Office Bldg|
|Style||Office Bldg -General|
Located in the ever-growing, dynamic downtown Salem
Convenient sky-bridge connects the Capitol Tower to the Liberty Square Parkade on 4th floor
Within walking distance to the Grand Hotel, Marion County Courthouse, Salem Center Mall, State Capitol Building, coffee shops, restaurants , etc.
Full service lease rates include janitorial 5 times per week
Liberty Square Parkade parking permits are available from $42 a month for rooftop parking to $74 a month for 4th floor parking and upArea Description
Region: United States of America
Region: North America
Region: Downtown Salem
|Location Name:||388 State St Salem, OR 97301|
|Age:||Over 50 Years Old|
|Lot Size:||Under 1/2 Acre|
Suite: 3rd Floor - Suites 4 - 9
1,600 Square Feet


As Whiteguardian requested, I did some weapon sketches. These are only to replace the .454 Casull. Sketches for the western Jackal will be coming later.
1) Smith and Wesson Casull: based on an old Smith and Wesson break-top revolver. The gun opens in half so the cylinder can be loaded at once.
2) Casull Peacemaker: based on a Colt Peacemaker.
3) Volcanic Casull: based on a Volcanic pistol. Unique in that it was the only lever action pistol. Was the predecessor to the Winchester repeating rifle. Fired special ammunition called "Rocketball" bullets. This was before contained metal cartridges and the "Rocketball" was an early form of it. Basically, the bullet is elongated and hollowed out. It is filled with gunpowder and the bullet itself becomes the cartridge.
4) Cap and Ball Casull: based on a blackpowder revolver.


BUS PHOTOS Sent to me, Many Thanks
Here's a collection of photos sent to me.
Mick Gashe Crosville Runcorn (Customer Care Supervisor) Just click on photo to enlarge.
Seddon Pennine RU SPG776 Reg No:-KFM776J
The Seddon was as bad a bus as you could get, the brakes in wet weather were very poor the bus had a tendancy to slide when braking. I'm very pleased that they have all gone!
The top of Rhyl High Street in the Spring as nice a place as ever!
Crosville Leyland TD5 M76 open top seaside bus.
Bristol RE SRG135 Reg No:- DFM135H From Runcorn Depot
SRG135 Waiting time at The Balck Horse Hotel Farnworth
Speke Industrial Estate The Dunlop Factory
Bristol Lodekka DFG799 XFM210
Bristol Lodekka Fleet No:- DFB179 Reg No:- GFM 179C
DFB179 Seen here in Market Street Llangollen 7th June 1970
Bristol SMG374 Turning into Arpley Bus Station in Warrington 27 March 1969
If you have any old photo's from Crosville's past please e-mail them over to me.


When the Prophet ﷺ migrated to the city of Yathrib, he changed its name to Madinah instead. Why would one do that to a city that already had a perfectly good name?
Turns out that Yathrib wasn’t a good name at all. Yathrib literally meant “Cursed.” Due to previous outbreaks of malaria and other diseases, people suspected that the city was cursed and referred to it as such.
The Prophet ﷺ always changed names of places – and even people – who were unfairly or negatively labeled. So the “cursed” city instead became known as Taibah – The Pure City, Taaba – The Beautiful City, and Madina-tul-Munawwara – The Illuminated City.
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