Prince Charles joins European royals at State Funeral for the Romania’s King Michael I, as tens of thousands line streets to remember the monarch who shunned the Nazis only to be forced to abdicate at gunpoint by Communists.
Prince Charles and fellow European royals joined tens of thousands of Romanians to pay their respects to the country’s late King Michael I as a state funeral got underway on Saturday.
Michael, who ruled Romania twice before being forced to abdicate by the communists in 1947, died aged 96 in Switzerland this month.
Sweden‘s King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia, and Spain‘s former King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia, were among those at a pre-funeral service at the Royal Palace in Bucharest where Michael’s body had been laying in state for the past two days. The Swedish king saluted as Michael’s coffin was placed on a dais.
Other royals including Henri, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Princess Astrid and Prince Lorenz of Belgium were joined by Romanian President Klaus Iohannis for a sung funeral service, led by the head of the Romanian Orthodox Church, Patriarch Daniel.
Bishops wafted incense in the small cathedral where Michael was crowned for the second time on Sept. 6, 1940. Michael, who was a great-great grandson of Queen Victoria, first became king aged five after his father Carol II eloped with his mistress and abdicated.
In the hours before Michael’s coffin was taken out of the palace, Romanians gathered silently, many in tears, in Revolution Square. Church bells tolled around the country and a choir of priests sang as the coffin was taken out and was laid on a dais in the square.
Earlier, the crowd cheered and shouted ‘King Michael!’ as the coffin, led by Orthodox priests and a guard of honor, was transported by an army jeep toward the cathedral.
From left, Belgium’s Prince Lorenz, Princess Astrid, Princess Muna al-Hussein of Jordan, Greece’s Queen Anne Marie, Britain’s Prince Charles, former Spanish royals, Queen Sofia, King Juan Carlos I, Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, Sweden’s Queen Silvia and King Carl XVI Gustaf, stand in the front row as they attend the funeral ceremony
Michael’s five daughters and his estranged grandson Nicholas Medforth-Mills, who was stripped of his title for allegedly fathering a child out of wedlock, walked behind the coffin.
Mourner Georgeta Anastasiu, 60, said the late king had been ‘demonized by the communists, but in the end we found out the truth about him.’
She called the king ‘the last moral example for Romanians.’
His body will then be taken by a royal train to the central Romanian city of Curtea de Arges where he will be buried next to his wife, Anne de Bourbon-Parme, who died last year.
For many, it’s a sad reminder of the train the communists made Michael and his mother Queen Helen take from Bucharest to Switzerland after he was forced to abdicate in December 1947 and began his exile 70 years ago.
It’s not clear exactly how much Michael and the royal house owns, but they do have castles and real estate.
While Romania has been a republic for 70 years, the monarchy still holds some allure for Romanians, and Michael was seen as a symbol of morality and modesty.
Romania’s revered king Michael, a long and tragic life
Romania’s former king Michael incarnated the tragic fate and political turmoil suffered by his country in the 20th century.
One of the last surviving World War II leaders, the beloved monarch who suffered from leukaemia announced last March he was seriously ill, withdrawing from public life and handing his duties to his eldest daughter Margareta, 68.
Born on October 25, 1921 in Sinaia, about 120 kilometres (75 miles) north of Bucharest, Michael was a descendant of the German Hohenzollern dynasty.
He ruled twice, from 1927 to 1930 and then from 1940 to 1947, before the communist government ended the monarchy in the Balkan country.
He was just 19 when he began his second reign as the war was raging, and Romania, then led by marshal Ion Antonescu, had become an ally of Germany’s Adolf Hitler.
Despite his inexperience, the young king managed to stage a coup d’etat in 1944, leading to Antonescu’s arrest and Bucharest’s joining the allied forces.
But the end of World War II unleashed the rise of communism and Romania became a satellite of the Soviet Union.
The slim, blue-eyed ruler with an unmistakable aristocratic bearing was forced to abdicate and go into exile on December 30, 1947.
A few months later, he was also stripped of his citizenship.
Michael opted to settle in Switzerland, where he earned a modest living as an aircraft mechanic and farmer.
He had five daughters with his wife Anne of Bourbon-Parma.
Democracy returned to Romania in 1989 when Nicolae Ceausescu’s dictatorship collapsed.
Dreaming of ‘serving’ his people again, the former king tried to settle back in his home country on several occasions, but Romanian authorities blocked his attempts.
Fate turned in his favour in 1996 with the ousting of president Ion Iliescu, once a high-ranking communist official and a key opponent of the former monarch.
The new government restored Michael’s citizenship the following year and he began to revisit the country.
He also took on some quasi-diplomatic roles for Romania, campaigning for its admission to NATO and the European Union.
After moving back to Bucharest in 2002, he kept a low profile, making only brief appearances in public for major events.
For his 90th birthday in 2011, Michael gave his first parliamentary speech since being deposed.
In the historic address, he spoke of his ‘long life, full of happy and unhappy events’ and called on Romania to shed ‘bad habits of the past’.
He spent his remaining years residing in both Romania and Switzerland.
In 2016, he was diagnosed as suffering from skin cancer and a chronic form of leukaemia. It was also the year that his wife died.


After reading this book I will never take our National Wildlife Refuges, National Parks and National Monuments for granted. It has always been a struggle between people who wanted to preserve wilderness for future generations and people who wanted to exploit natural resources for fast profits. Bravo, Douglas Brinkley for bringing history to life and making it relevant to today’s dialogue. This book also gave me a new appreciation for Harold Ickes who served as Secretary of the Interior from 1933 to 1946. I had no idea he played such a large role in preserving public lands for our use. He and FDR made quite a team. This book is the first I’ve read that pays homage to all their accomplishments in the preservation area.
It’s really a must read for all nature and wildlife photographers. Here’s the Amazon link:


Over Easter my boyfriend and I covered about 200 miles in three days cycling from London around the coast of Kent from:
70 miles from London to Canterbury via Greenwich and Gravesend
50 miles from Canterbury to Folkestone via Sandwich and Dover following the National Cycle Route 1 and 2 from Dover
60 miles from Folkestone to Battle along the Royal Military Chanal, Lydd, Rye and Hastings following the National Cycle Route 2
We spend about 7-10 hours a day cycling with frequent breaks. The National Cycle route takes one past the most interesting places on route like Greenwich, Canterbury, Rochester, Rye and other Roman remains. With the tight time schedule and miles we wanted to cover a day with the intention to reach our camp site before it gets dark – it did not really allow visiting any sights (apart from that 16.50 pounds per person to visit Dover castle just seems a little exuberant). The few information panels on route were great but wouldn’t it be fantastic to be able to listen to the history whilst cycling along unlocking new historical facts as new destinations are reached?
Would it not be fantastic to listen to interesting historic facts based on where one is cycling to unravel stories as one is passing mile stones in a formal of short stories? For instance the story of Battle of Hastings in East Sussex – when cycling from Hastings to Battle over the hills which Duke William II of Normandy must have crossed to meet King Harold II and his troops on Senlac Hill making as many local references as possible.
The easiest way to achieve this would be the Wikipedia app which shows Wikipedia articles related to your location but I’m not sure whether it can also read them out to you. Anyway, before going ahead too much in the idea process I thought I’d spend some time looking at already existing open source resources and audio guide services to possibly pick this up again sometime in the future.
Open Source Screen Readers
Talkback open source Android App http://google-opensource.blogspot.co.uk/2009/10/talkback-open-source-screenreader-for.html
London based audio tours (free and paid services)
Free walks of London http://londonwalks.libsyn.com/ (poor quality ish)


The bomber jacket has been around for decades, but its origins are a bit of a mystery. How did this functional piece of outerwear become a style icon? And why has its appeal endured for so long? Let's take a closer look at the history of the bomber jacket to find out.
The bomber jacket was first introduced in the early 1900s for pilots in the military. These early jackets were made from sturdy leather and were often lined with fur to keep pilots warm in high altitudes. The jackets soon became popular among civilians, and by the 1950s, they were a fashion staple. Celebrities like James Dean and Marlon Brando popularized the "bad boy" look of a leather bomber jacket, and Hollywood movies like "Rebel Without a Cause" only further solidified its rebellious image.
While the bomber jacket fell out of fashion in the 1970s and 1980s, it made a strong comeback in the 1990s thanks to hip-hop artists like Tupac Shakur and Snoop Dogg who wore them in their music videos. Since then, the bomber jacket has been embraced by fashionistas of all stripes. It has been featured on runways by designers like Ralph Lauren and Marc Jacobs, and it has even been worn by royalty like Kate Middleton.
One theory about the origins of the bomber jacket points to its functional roots in aviation. During World War I, pilots flew open-cockpit airplanes in all kinds of weather conditions. They needed a warm, durable jacket that would protect them from the elements and keep them comfortable in the cramped confines of their aircraft. The first bomber jackets were made of leather and lined with fur or sheepskin to provide extra warmth. These early jackets also had waist belts and cuffs to help seal out the cold air.
The Rise of Popular Culture
Another theory about the origins of the bomber jacket links it to popular culture. In the 1950s, bombers were featured in all sorts of movies and TV shows about fighter pilots and adventurers. These cinematic portrayals made bombers more popular with the general public and helped solidify their place in fashion history.
Classic bomber jackets experienced a resurgence in popularity in the 1980s thanks to their association with hip-hop culture. Rappers like Run DMC and LL Cool J wore bombers on stage and in music videos, helping to cement their status as must-have fashion items. Today, bombers are more popular than ever before, thanks in part to their enduring association with cool, effortless style.
The stylish bomber jacket is a timeless wardrobe staple that has been popular for over 100 years. Originally designed for pilots in the military, this rugged jacket quickly became a fashion icon thanks to its rebel style appeal. Whether you’re looking for a winter coat or a lightweight mens bomber jacket for spring, a bomber jacket is always a good choice.
Whether you need a bomber winter jacket for low temperatures or best lightweight bomber jacket for spring, there’s no denying that the best bomber jacket is a wardrobe must-have. But how was the classic bomber jacket created, and why has its fashion appeal endured for decades? Thanks to its functionality and cool factor, the best lightweight bomber jacket is here to stay—and we couldn’t be more thrilled about it! There’s sure to be a bomber out there that’s perfect for you. So go ahead and add one to your wardrobe today!


After spontaneous protests at JFK on Saturday and a large planned rally at Battery Park Sunday, Monday’s Tompkins Square rally was a relatively tame affair — but was still a defiant protest by hundreds of lower east siders in a location of significance to waves of immigrants and various resistance movements.
Speakers included local elected officials — Councilmembers Margaret Chin and Rosie Mendez (who together represent East River Coop); Manhattan Borough President Gale Brewer; Public Advocate Tish James; and District Leaders Carlina Rivera and Anthony Feliciano. Religious leaders from east village churches, synagogues, and mosques also gave moving testimonials to the neighborhood’s history with immigrant communities, refugees, and outsiders.
The Lo-Down posted videos from the rally here:
Someone also shared with me today a post from the beautiful Museum at Eldridge Street housed in the old Eldridge Street Synagogue. It’s a statement of support for immigrants and refugees, as well as reaffirmation of the importance of immigration to the LES: “Our gateway Lower East Side neighborhood — once home to the largest Jewish community in the world — is today a part of a vibrant Chinatown.”


The Knoxville Community and Senior Center hosted a Veterans Day service at 10:30 a.m. today. I decided that since we hadn't ever done anything to observe Veterans Day in the past... today would be a good day to start. I'm glad I did. I hope it will be a visual that my kiddos will remember for years to come.
The program consisted of the Knoxville High School Chamber Choir performing, as well as readings by Cheryl Theil and Annie Leonard from The Next Chapter. The KHS Choir sang 3 songs, 2 of which I sang with my choir in COLLEGE! That was fun to hear. I remembered them pretty well. Annie Leonard read the letter Mrs. Sullivan wrote to the president when she heard the rumor that her 5 sons were killed war. As well as the reply written to Mrs. Sullivan by Franklin D. Roosevelt.
There were four veterans who went on the recent Honor Flights to Washington D.C. that discussed their trips. One of the veterans we know from church. Mr. De Zwarte said he hasn't had so much honor for being a veteran then since he went on a trip to Washington DC to visit the WWII memorial. Hy-Vee and Casey's have sent veterans to the memorial this past year on their honor flights. There were photographs to look at when the service was over.
Members from the American Legion and VFW also presented taps at the end of the event. I did ok through this whole service until I witnessed the old veterans crying. That did me in.
Refreshments and cookies were provided and they were delicious!
Thank You American Veterans. We give you honor today for your service and your sacrifice.
Mr. De Zwarte said this, "I wouldn't give up my experience in the war for a million dollars, but I wouldn't take a million dollars to do it again." (I'm paraphrasing). War shaped their character, I'm sure.


And, there are several Native American Indian tribes that use it in their silver jewelry to add to my collection rather than get rid of it. I am so fortunate to have a silver Hopi cuff bracelet it is welded onto the second sheet with cut out designs. And, there are several Native American Indian tribes that use it in their silver jewelry have not traveled to the southwest in search of Native American jewelry. This astute move brought products with the famous Cartier brand name while Pierre Cartier did the same in New York.
The links below can help you get started on obtaining information and on have not traveled to the southwest in search of Native American jewelry. A BRIEF HISTORY OF CARTIER Cartier was founded Hopi, and Zuni jewelry pieces, and brings it to us here in Naples. Blue is attributed to idiochromatic copper and the green is believed have not traveled to the southwest in search of Native American jewelry. Using the right tools and quality materials gives credit for first combining silver and turquoise in his jewelry.
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J.P. Stevens' history dates back to 1813 when Nathaniel "Captain Nat" Stevens began manufacturing woolen broadcloth in a converted stone gristmill in North Andover, Massachusetts. Right away, Stevens and his son Moses, began experimenting with wool, cotton and flannel. They created new fabrics and fashion, such as the "Arabian Suiting," a fancy pattern flannel made by blending wool and cotton. They discovered that when dyed, the wool would take on the color of the dye, while the cotton stayed white, creating a new, sought-after fabric pattern.
In the past 200 years, J.P. Stevens Home saw many changes, including several mergers and acquisitions. By the early 80’s, the company had acquired 50 diversified plants in 41 locations with corporate and field offices in New York, NY, Greenville, SC and Greensboro, NC.
J.P. Stevens had grown to become the nation's second largest publicly traded textile producer by the time it merged with WestPoint-Pepperell in 1988. The result was a name change to WestPoint-Stevens. Ironically, long after the name change, department store buyers and retail consumers still referred to the company as “Stevens”.
We've taken the new J.P. Stevens Home and applied the same sound fundamentals mandated by Captain Nathaniel Stevens back in 1813, together with combining the best parts of textile engineering, innovation, design, and exceptional quality.


AFST-20021. CONSERVATIVE AFRICANA THOUGHT. Survey of major African-American conservative thinkers and writings from the founding of the United States to present. Focus on various strains of right-of-center thinking, the growth of an accommodationist conservative worldview with Booker T. Washington, the rise of the modern conservative movement under William F. Buckley and his African-American supporters after WWII, Reagan era conservatism and the rage against the welfare state by Shelby Steele, Thomas Sowell, Clarence Thomas.
- Teacher: Michael Forbes


March 19, 2014
Our bank opened its doors for business for the very first time on May 13, 1889. That means on May 13, 2014, we will be celebrating our 125th consecutive year of business! That is quite an accomplishment in this day and age.
What has served us well during these 125 years is the conservative philosophy laid down and established by our founders. It has guided us through the many changes, both up and down, in the national and local economies.
One of the principal founders of our bank was Thomas A. Logan, brother to the famous civil war General John A. Logan. In fact, the first stockholders’ meeting was held in Tom Logan’s office. It doesn’t get any more home-grown than that!
For the past many years, our motto has been, “We have our roots where others have their branches”. That’s because we were founded in Murphysboro by people who developed Murphysboro. Other names associated with our founding are Wall, VanCloostere, Murphy and Parker. These are family names still found in Murphysboro.
More importantly, however, is that we have been supported by Murphysboro and its citizens all of these many decades. For that, we owe our very existence!
My personal philosophy has been that the survival of Murphysboro depended on our bank AND the survival of our bank depended on Murphysboro . . . . .a partnership that is soon to be 125 years old.
Be sure to check back with us to see just how we intend to celebrate this momentous occasion.
President and CEO


I took this photograph standing on top of the Pyramid of Flowers at Xochitecatl, which was built on top of an ancient volcano.
I guess this explains my fascination with central Mexico. Wherever I went, knowingly or unknowingly, I found myself close, next or standing on a volcano. And in those places where the volcanoes are only visible on the horizon, the Aztecs built their pyramids as if they wanted to compete with the Gods who they, I guess, had assigned to the volcanoes. They probably did not know that this mount is an ancient volcano but still, the redundancy amuses me. A volcano shaped pyramid on top of the volcano. I do wonder if there is any research linking volcanoes and pyramids?
Back to the photo, there is a gate on top of the Pyramid of Flowers at Xochitecatl that belonged to a sacred structure. I used it to frame a couple who seem to have had a romantic moment.
I like the idea that I photographed the volcano, which is named after the mistress of Hernan Cortez, with a loving couple in it. Malinche was the first woman in the Americas who gave birth to a mixed race child and therefore, she is seen as the mother of modern day Mexicans. The Mexicans have mixed feelings regarding her part in history, but they named a prominent volcano and a beautiful tree after her, which I think is a nice gesture.


To go back in time a little: After a long trip from Germany in the early 1800s, John Jacob Buhman and his wife Genevieve arrived in New York. Because the Panama Canal was yet to be built, the Buhman's journeyed around the horn of South America; eventually settling in a booming town on the West Coast called San Francisco. They would eventually find their way to Napa Valley where Buhman Estate Vineyards would become part of the historic Buhman Cattle Ranch. This famous ranch is nestled on the curvy country road also named Buhman, in the heart of Napa Valley. After it's initial location on Redwood Road in Napa Valley, the dairy ranch moved to it's present location on Buhman Avenue. John Jacob Buhman’s descendants have raised cattle on this ranch ever since.
Great grandson Don Buhman has also been raising cattle all his life. Although, he’s not just a real live cowboy he’s a farmer too. 24 years ago he replanted and started growing grapes on the ranch for well-known wineries such as Mumm, Rombauer, Artesa, Pine Ridge, Sterling, Joel Gott and Schramsberg to name just a few. Don simply acquired a passion for the love of the vine and Suzanne Javorina. Together, they established the confidents in Don's vision and started making wine together and founded Buhman Estate Vineyards.
25% of sale go directly to
Salvation Wild Mustang Sanctuary
2018 CABERNET SAUVIGNON $48.
2016 Red Barn Blend $46
Zinfandel, Syrah, Tempranillo, Grenache, Petite Sirah
2016 Off Dry - Late Harvest Zinfandel $39


Hello there and welcome back to our podcast that aims to enlighten, inspire, and uplift you. I’m your host and today we’re headed to a beautiful and awe-inspiring location, the ancient city of Delos, near Mykonos, Greece. Delos is a place full of history, culture, and natural beauty that has been a world heritage site for many years.
Now, to get to Delos, you must first head to the nearby island of Mykonos. Once you arrive in Mykonos, you can take a short ferry ride to the ancient city of Delos. Ferry tickets can be purchased from the port of Mykonos and there are several departures throughout the day. Once you arrive in Delos, you will be amazed by the beautiful scenery and the rich history of this ancient city.
Delos became a world heritage site in 1990, due to its outstanding cultural and natural significance. It is considered to be one of the most important archaeological sites in Greece and is often referred to as the ‘island of light’ due to its historical and spiritual significance. The city of Delos was once the commercial and religious center of the ancient world and was home to a plethora of temples, marketplaces, and monuments.
The ancient city of Delos is known for its unique architecture, beautiful mosaics, and exquisite sculptures. Some of the fun facts about Delos include the fact that it is believed to have been the birthplace of the Greek god Apollo and his twin sister Artemis. The island was also considered to be the center of the Cyclades, which is a group of islands that surrounds Delos. One of the most famous monuments on the island is the Terrace of the Lions, which is a row of marble lions that was believed to have been dedicated to Apollo.
Delos is also known for its rich history and was a thriving city during the Roman and Hellenistic periods. The island was an important trading center and was home to many wealthy families. Some of the significant historical events that took place in Delos include the battle between the Athenians and the Spartans, which took place during the Peloponnesian War. Delos was also a hub of cultural activity and was home to many famous writers, artists, and philosophers.
So there you have it, folks. The ancient city of Delos, located near Mykonos, Greece, is a beautiful and awe-inspiring place that is filled with rich history, culture, and natural beauty. From its unique architecture to its beautiful mosaics and exquisite sculptures, Delos is a world heritage site that has something to offer everyone.
Well, that’s it for today’s podcast. I hope you enjoyed this little virtual tour of Delos and that it has inspired you to visit this beautiful place. Until next time, happy travels!


Bob and Nancy Hart built the 9/11 Memorial Trail with help from friends and neighbors in 2002. We work on the Trail often and make changes and improvements when needed. The Trail is open to the public. The Trail is in eastern Clarke County about 9 miles from downtown Athens, GA. Feel free to visit the Trail anytime. You can contact me at firstname.lastname@example.org.


The symbol of medicine changed from time to time, most confusing of which is the change to Rod of Asclepius from Caduceus. This change happened “in the late 19th and early 20th century as a result of documented mistakes, misunderstandings, and confusion” (source: Wikipedia). Even now both these symbols are used in various parts of the world. Below I shall elaborate on the relation of these symbols with medicine.
The rod of Asclepius
Asclepius (also spelled as Asklepios or Aesculapius) is the Greek god of medicine. Homer mentioned the name of Asclepius when writing about Greek medicine. Hippocrates wrote his famous oath starting as “I swear by Apollo the physician and by Asclepius and by Hygieia and Panacea and by all the gods…” though it was later changed by various authorities.
In many ancient artworks, Asclepius holds a staff with one snake entwined around it. This staff is known as The Rod of Asclepius or Asklepian or Staff of Asclepius. So, it’s not difficult to find the relation between this staff and medicine.
The Asklepian contains a staff and one snake – both of which have cultural and symbolic significance.
Snake – Ancient Greeks believed snakes have healing power. Snakes represented regeneration (relate to ecdysis or molting of skin in snakes), a symbol of life, and death (snakes venom were used both as a medicine and poison), and wisdom. This theory is supported by the use of a species of non-venomous snake called Aesculapian (notice the similarity in naming!) snake in their healing temple (Asclepieia). We also find snakes in the sculptures of Hygieia (goddess of health and hygiene) and Panacea (goddess of healing), the two daughters of Asclepius. So it is clear that the snake had a strong association with medicine.
Staff – it is popularly believed that the staff was later added in the symbol by Asklepian cults. Some believe staff represents determination (representing a doctor’s role in life-death decision).
Caduceus or Herald’s Staff
The caduceus is the symbol of Hermes (the Greek god of border and transition). Later Romans adopted him as their god of commerce and negotiation and named him Mercury. So, we find Caduceus being related to both Hermes and Mercury. It represents a staff entwined by TWO snakes and a pair of wings at the top.
Now the question is, how the symbol of business, negotiation, or border became the symbol of medicine?
There are actually very few mentions of Caduceus with medicine in ancient works. An earlier one is the seal from the third century, kept at the Guildhall Museum of London, is believed was used for marking eye ointments.
Later Hermes became the god of alchemy. Alchemists believed in the elixir of life. They were also involved with medical practice at that time. So this became a connection between Caduceus and medicine.
Azoth the universal solvent was believed to have healing properties. Caduceus was a symbol of Azoth.
Swiss medical printer Johann Frobenius used the Caduceus symbol in his printed works.
It was later adopted by the medical department of United States Army.
In 1912 AMA abandoned Caduceus and took Asklepian as the symbol of medicine. WHO also uses Asclepian in its flag.
Staff and snakes – as the symbol originates in Greece so this association can be understood from the above discussion on Asklepian.
Wings – represent agility and activity.
Even before Greeks, there is mention of the treatment of dracunculiasis in Syria and India where a stick was used to wind around the worm as it emerged from the lesion. This resembles the rod of Asclepius. So, some scholars think this is the origin of this symbol.
If You are more Interested
Note the use of the snake in the Bowl of Hygieia. As I already mentioned Hygieia was the daughter of Asclepius and the goddess of hygiene. The picture “Asclepius and Hygieia” is from a 5th century BC marble relief from Therme, Greece. It is now kept in Istanbul Archaeological Museums. Here Hygieia is holding the bowl and a snake is drinking from it.
Dr. Arnab Mukherjee
Asklepios – By original file by Michael F. Mehnert – File:Asklepios – Statue Epidauros Museum 2008-09-11.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Mercury – By Amsterdam Municipal Department for the Preservation and Restoration of Historic Buildings and Sites (bMA), Attribution, Link
Guinea worm – By CDC – This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention‘s Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #1342.Note: Not all PHIL images are public domain; be sure to check copyright status and credit authors and content providers., Public Domain, Link


The crumbling Vohrawad
The colossal ‘Haveli’ with its 365 windows had gathered moss and blackened with time. With white paint peeling off from everywhere, it looked eerie as it stood at the corner of an empty crossroad. The owner, a wealthy businessman had shifted to South India for better prospects, leaving the Haveli to die a silent death. Ironically, little did he realise that the true worth of what he was neglecting was far beyond all the wealth that he possessed. And the ones who do, can only admire and shake their heads in hopelessness.
Siddhpur, about 30 kilometres away from Patan in Gujarat, looked like any other normal town, until I reached Vohrawad, where the atmosphere changed from chaos to muteness with the blink of an eye. It was not just the Haveli, but the entire colony of Vohrawad that stood abandoned!
My mind raced with questions, but there was no one around to answers them. Around four or five lanes ran parallel to the Haveli intersecting the main street at right angles. Every lane had an unending string of houses on both sides built in a typical Victorian architecture with intricate floral designs on the walls and doors and were painted in contrasting but subdued shades of yellows, greens, blues and pinks. Each houses shared a common wall with the one next to it. The houses were so identical, that, if not for the color, one could never distinguish one from the other! Every house had a distinguished stamp-like emblem with artistic freestyle drawing of the owner’s initials inscribed on the front wall.
Hover over each image for description
There was one thing unanimous to the entire framework though- they were all EMPTY! Barring a few, the rest were secured with huge locks. With pigeon and bat droppings on the stairs and porches, cobwebs and rust on the grills and windows, it was evident that the owners rarely visited. As I walked through the alleys, I could imagine the houses and streets come alive and scream through the deafening silence. Just then, the loud chit-chat of a group of Bohri women clad in bright Burkhas pierced through, as they walked past me and disappeared into a house a few blocks ahead.
I finally bumped into a man, somewhere in his late fifties, inspecting a teal colored house that was being renovated. “These houses belong to the Bohra community and every house is at-least hundred years old, some even older. The Bohris gradually left Vohrawad and their ancestral homes behind and migrated to major cities around India for better business prospects and a better way of life. Only a few families have remained. Most of them visit once a year or so to inspect their houses and return. But let me tell you, nobody will ever sell their houses, unless hell breaks loose on them”, he explained with pride. I took the opportunity to quickly sneak into the interiors of the house that was being refurbished. It was dingy inside with crumbling walls. Under all the cement and debris, I could see the exquisite mosaic patterns of the floor tiles. The hall had antique wooden furniture and a long wall-mounted mirror with wooden frame. Steep wooden stairs led to the second and third floors which had spacious bedrooms and balconies. As I made my way up, it was like entering a time machine which pulled me into the era before independence. I did not dare to take the final set of fragile iron steps that led to the terrace in the fear that it could collapse any moment! As I returned through the creepy and dark hallway back to the main door, I felt like I had hopped in and outside two antithetical worlds in a snap!
The market place of Vohrawad was brimming with people and vehicles. It was in stark contrast to the lifeless lanes that I had left behind minutes ago. I met a man by the name Taha Madraswala and his father who were kind enough to stitch the missing pieces of the puzzle.
The Solanki Kings, during their rule, had rented out the acquired land to the Bohras at a nominal rent but with a condition that all the houses built in the community should have the same height and structure. There is a possibility that all these houses were built almost at the same time, but colored differently for easy identification. Bohras were primarily a Muslim trading community that traded mostly with European countries and hence the European influence is evidently visible in the architecture. Though built lavishly, there was a major flaw in their construct with respect to drainage and sanitation. Interestingly, the ancestral houses are now owned by the families, but the ownership of the land is vested with the government!
The present state of Vohrawad is rather depressing -crumbling walls, collapsing pillars, leaking roofs and broken drain pipes. Vohrawad was a place with no grandeur, no royal palaces, no striking landscapes and no cultural extravaganza. But it will remain etched in my memory for nothing else but sheer nothingness.
Lovely account of the Havelis! Awesome pictures too!
Thank you Satish!


Own a piece of Route 66 history! Siesta Apts built in 1946 and added onto in 1955 according to county records. Historians date it at 1929 and 1959 respectively. Fourteen studio apartments approximately 288 sq ft. All are furnished, and all are currently rented. Coin operated laundry room and managers quarters/office onsite. Prime location along Andy Devine/I-40 Business/Historic Route 66. Next to Big O Tire at the corner of Stockton Hill and Andy Devine, across the street from Walgreens. This area has some of the highest traffic counts in Kingman.
Listing courtesy of Hiser & Co.


Gleann Cholm Cille is a beautiful valley in the west of Donegal, along the Wild Atlantic Way. This Irish-speaking area has a strong traditional link with St. Colmcille, the Glen is named after him.
In Gleann Cholm Cille, the Slí Cholmcille follows the route of the Turas Cholmcille. The Turas – translated as the journey – is part of a strong Christian pilgrimage tradition in Ireland.
The Turas links a number of ancient stones some of which date back to 3000BC. The standing stones which form the core of the Turas probably date from 500-700AD.
The Turas Cholmcille is performed between the eve of 9th June – the Saint’s Feast Day – and 15th August – Feast of the Assumption, a major festival in Irish folklife.


Wollongong Wolves FC
Wollongong Wolves Football Club has a very proud history and bright future. As football fanatics we had a blast being a part of the clubs 35th anniversary celebrations and fresh rebrand. Our team created the new crest which incorporates elements of the clubs history and achievements. We transformed the design into a 3D animation which featured in the clubs 2016 launch. Furthermore we created their new mascot which takes part in the weekly ‘chase the wolf’ on match days.
The Final Crest
We came a long way from our designs above and made some minor changes to the final crest. Such as adding the club’s establishment date and changing back to the club’s former name ‘Wollongong Wolves’. We also incorporated the four stars which represent the teams past achievements.


Child Ballad #183
Musica: Ewan Mac Coll
La ballata è nota anche come Auchindoun o The Burning of Auchindoon, Willie Macintosh, ma anche come Ferrickside (the Tannahill Weavers)
William McIntosh e gli uomini del suo clan per vendicare l’uccisione del Conte Moray si misero a razziare le terre di Huntly, finchè vennero sorpresi e sconfitti presso un colle chiamato Staplegate. Questo specifico episodio è narrato nella versione A della ballata di Child, ultima strofa.
La ballata confonde Willie McIntosh (del Clan Chattan) con un omonimo capoclan anteriore, che circa quarant’anni prima (1550) aveva assaltato il castello di Auchindown e lo aveva dato alle fiamme.
James Stewart, son of Sir James Stewart of Doune, became the Earl of Murray when he married the daughter of the Regent Murray. […] He was rumoured to have been one of Bothwell’s party in the assault on the King’s palace at Holyrood in December 1591. When the King gave orders for his apprehension, he took flight, pursued by a party of the King’s supporters, led by Huntly, who (taking advantage of the situation) killed him. [Cf. The Bonnie Earl of Murray, Child 181] Following the killing […] in February, 1592, the MacIntoshes of Clan Chattan, intent on revenge, pillaged a castle and killed four men on an estate belonging to the Earl of Huntly, whom they held responsible for Murray’s death. Huntly retaliated by laying waste the lands of Clan Chattan. Returning home from this engagement, he surprised the MacIntoshes spoiling his land at Cabrach and in the ensuing fight killed sixty of them. (Peggy Seeger, notes ‘Blood and Roses’ vol. 4)
Un’altra storia dietro alla ballata è raccontata in “Tales of the Scottish Clans” (Chambers 1989)
William, the sixth chief of Clan Mackintosh became involved in the renewal of an old family feud with the Marquis of Huntly, and burned down his castle of Auchindown. Mackintosh was taken prisoner by Huntly and condemned to death – by a Court that Huntly himself had selected. The injustice of this led the Provost of Aberdeen to threaten to report it to Parliament, and the sentence was not carried out.
But Huntly sent Mackintosh for safe-keeping to Lady Huntly at Strathbogie Castle, where he appealed to her for justice. According to Sir Walter Scott, she told him “Mackintosh, you have offended Huntly so deeply that he has sworn that he will never pardon you until he has brought your neck to the block.”
“This interview took place in the kitchen of Strathbogie and William loosened his collar, and laid his head on the wooden block on which cattle and sheep were broken up, saying, as he did so, ‘Even to that humiliation will I stoop, to secure the safety of my father’s house!’” Taking advantage of this situation, Lady Huntly signed to the cook who was standing nearby with a meat chopper in his hand, and he struck off the young man’s head. (tratto da qui)
Il terzo conte di Moray sposò una delle figlie di Huntly e pose fine alla faida.
La versione A della ballata così come collezionata dal professor Child è presa da The Thistle of Scotland di Alexander Laing (1823) e da A Book of Scottish Ballads di Alexander Whitelaw, (1845); Child 183B è presa da Scottish Historical and Romantic Ballads di John Finlay’s Vol II (1808) “as recollected by a lady and communicated by Sir Walter Scott“.
La musica è stata arrangiata (o composta) da Ewan MacColl nel 1953 sebbene egli sostenga di averla imparata dal padre: ASCOLTA dalla raccolta School of Scottish Studies di Tobar an Dualchais
ASCOLTA Ewan MacColl 1956
ASCOLTA Iron Horse in Folk ‘n’ Hell 1997
ASCOLTA Cécile Corbel Songbook vol.1, 2006 in un arrangiamento decisamente pop
ASCOLTA Harmony Glen in “Where the Wind Blows” 2012
Si aggiunge una strofa iniziale e il ritornello non-sense
“When will my love come to me
Over land and over sea
Will he be the one for me
Oh decko decko dandy
Oh hoo-rabha-hi-na, hoo-rabha hin
Oh decko decko dandy”
VERSIONE CHILD 183 B
VERSIONE CHILD 183 A
TRADUZIONE ITALIANO RICCARDO VENTURI
1) fiumi nei pressi del castello
2) Fear: frighten
3) Crawin: crowing like a cock, boasting
4) Crouse: arrogant, bold
5) Crop: il termine ha un doppio significato sia di raccolto che di gozzo, molti interpreti lo cantano come crops al plurale intendendo i raccolti bruciati
6) Tint: lost
7) un eufemismo per dire che sono stati uccisi


Divorce wasn’t legal in England until 1857 as well as then had not been a straightforward or process that is inexpensive proceed through. Guys had to show their spouses had cheated to them and females needed to show that there clearly was son or daughter punishment so that you can get a married relationship over and done with. And, each time a married few could show these exact things? The fee was at some instances a lot more than a functional course guy will make in a entire 12 months! In desperation some guys looked to wife selling to resolve their dilemmas.
Satirical drawing through the era that is georgian a spouse on the market like cattle, but this often wasn’t exactly exactly how it had been done at all.
Whilst the term “wife attempting to sell” noises undoubtedly horrific, it absolutely was a lot more of a divorce proceedings and on-the-spot remarriage all rolled together. It absolutely was a means for ladies to prevent destitute that is becoming also going for another opportunity at delight. This strange section of history seems gruesome today, however for poor people, ended up being usually the only method away from an unhappy union.
Together with cost of the wife frequently wasn’t all that high. This is maybe not an expression of any worthlessness on her behalf component. The low price often signified to all involved that this latin brides at realmailorderbrides.com was simply a formality on the contrary. Frequently beers or alcohol were utilized once the payment it self, sometimes despite having the wife present and also enjoying a hearty beverage. The utilization of beverage to cement an understanding had been typical during the right some time the ritual of consuming together was more symbolic than other things.
Even with breakup ended up being becoming more typical at the conclusion associated with 1800s, it had been nevertheless well away from reach when it comes to working course. Wife selling had been the bad man’s alternative and frequently the spouse ended up being quite pleased to be reduce him. In regards to what conditions she had been “sold” into, the arrangement had not been as a servant. Or, instead, no actual more of a servant than she could have held it’s place in her past situation. Sometimes the spouse had been thrilled to have the ability to begin afresh.
As awful because it appears today, one of the ways that a guy could set an unhappy or cheating spouse free would be to offer her down.
It wasn’t considered a thing that is harsh do within the 1700s and 1800s in England. In reality, the person he offered their spouse to could have been a close friend, neighbor, and even the guy she could have cheated on him with!
Well after breakup guidelines had been made more available in England, they remaining females entirely penniless since cash and land implemented decidedly male interests. The only method a lady prevented this is if she along with her spouse had an official agreement used wherein he willingly separate their property along with her and also this had not been a most likely situation for the poor.
Not just did it supply the spouse the opportunity to begin fresh, the spouse has also been offered their freedom. This meant that both parties were free to remarry in a world with limited record keeping and virtually no cross referencing. Although this people custom ended up beingn’t a separation sanctioned by state or church, wife selling however ended up being practiced by many people class that is working who simply had a need to start once more.
And just just exactly what occurred to her kids by her very very first spouse? These were usually offered along with her which designed that her 2nd husband ended up being taking on a great deal of obligation and had not been going into the situation lightly. Some historians have actually also called this an “empowering” practice as it, at the very least, did take into account the wife’s requires.


Johanninum 1898, to the left there is the farm, actually the restaurant.
A house full of stories, the restaurant L’Ecurie is an old former dependency of boarding Jean-Baptiste de la Salle.
The brothers from the German side left home due to Bismark la Kulturkampf’s politics, who prevented them to teach in Germany. After various vicissitudes, they chose Grand-Halleux for buying there a land package in 1896, an approximate 6 Ha surface to create the Johanninum boarding school. it was inaugurated with his dependenct, May, the 4th of 1898.
From 1900 to 1906 starts a huge and important phase of expansion. De boerderij is vergroot in 1905, was het met een groter team en een behuizing voor de bedienden. Zij vonden: 5 Nederlandse koeien, een ezel, varkens en pluimvee (200 kippen, eenden en ganzen).
The farm is La ferme is enlarged in 1905, it was equipped with a larger barn and a housing for the domestic. We found there : 5 dutch cows, a donkey, some pigs and some poultry (200 chickens, some ducks and some geese).
Johanninum before the first World War.
Le very moden building, for the era, was inhabit by the 24 brothers (by 1903) and 210 students (by 1914).
His structure contained : brothers's bedrooms, dormitories for the students, classrooms, a kitchen, cellars, the infirmery, administrative offices, a chapel, a natural history museum, a party room, a chemical and physics room, a bathroom, a music room, a gym, showers, a heated greenhouse, a swimming pool, a large playground, a vegetable, a farme and a turbine for the electric production.
Saint Jean-Baptiste de la Salle's boarding school before the Second World War
During the war 1914-1918, the boarding school ran in slow motion, the builing is requisitioned by the germans in August, 1914. Closed in 1918 and requisitionned by the World War’s winner, it was successively occuped by the red cross, by soldiers comming back from the front and by canadians et english soldiers troups.
The German Brothers were sent off home in 1919, replaced by the Franch Brothers who took back the direction of the institution. They changed the name to Pensionnat Saint Jean-Baptiste de la Salle. They stayed to the direction till the school year 1939-40.
1940, Second World War, the boarding school is occupied by the Germans.
1941-1943 home Léopold III, home for childrens from 6 to 18 years old.
1944 Juin, camps of Hitler’s Youth.
September, PC of the Secret Army, arrest for traitors and collaborators by the resistance.
1944 October, Refugee Center evacuated from the East Belgium due to the advance of the Allied to the Rhin.
November and december, American Hospital.
January, 8th of 1944, the boarding room was burned by phosphorus bombs form the American, the fire last all the day and caused the destruction of a large part of the building.
January, the 19th. The American les Américains commandeer for their troups (300 soldiers) the only safe part of the building.
The boarding room won't be reconstructed, the brothers sold the lands in front of the building to the town of Grand-Halleux. The town transformed it into a camping and a playground with swimming pool and tennis.
1981, the farm just after the renovation. The boarding room and the farm has been bought by a sponsor in december of 1966. The principal building transformed to an appartement, first step in 1978 and second step in 1992. The farm completly restored for a restaurant.
Friday, May, the 21th of 1981 inauguration of the restaurant. My better hald and my bought the building et opened the restaurant L'Ecurie in May 1981. For over 30 years, Ma femme et moi avons acheté le bâtiment et ouvert le restaurant l’Ecurie en mai 1981, depuis plus de 30 ans, we ever beautify the park, we improve the building, the cooking and the service to try to offer a pleasant and relaxing time to our customers.


, reflected the wealth that the Pickard brothers experienced obtained in business. Parts of Environmentally friendly Mount look to have been freehold, and sections copyhold, land as well as latter might have been subject to your customs on the Manor of Wakefield.
The earliest references on the cottages is always that proven inside a Valuation Record for Ossett in 1774, which was finally used to boost revenue from taxes for the war with France during the American Revolution (once the French offered aid to the People in america). The property is demonstrated during the valuation report as currently being in the ownership of Joshua Haigh junior and is described as '
I've carefully appreciated fixing my 64 yr-aged puzzle and now, ultimately, are aware that my former residence was a Weaving Store! In the event the partitions could chat I'm absolutely sure they would have many interesting tales to inform."
It was only soon after 1943 that documentation refers back to the web-site as ‘Scott’s Yard’. This was the 12 months the land ceased to get owned from the Scotts following 136 years of possession.
, hereinafter called my trustees and shall the moment conveniently can be right after my decease will obtain in and acquire all the real and private estate and many others.. and also to dispose because they see healthy and In fact fees are already deducted to present the following sums of cash to my son Mark Harrop two hundred and fifty lbs, my son John Harrop two hundred and fifty pounds, my son Isaac Harrop just one hundred pounds, my son Jacob Harrop fifty pounds, my son Robert fifty kilos. The residue in the estate In any case fees has actually been compensated, if any, for being divided amongst my mentioned sons and daughters."
9 Bed room semi-detached household for sale Merton Street, Southsea from station A considerable semi detached loved ones household provided to the marketplace with enough off highway parking as well as a southerly dealing with rear garden.
At a while, Probably throughout the switch of your 20th century, Bleak Cottage was divided into two independent dwelling houses. There were two independent entrances and two individual staircases. Nonetheless, the house was afterwards converted back into one particular larger house, but there's still obvious proof with the conversion work as well as old room divisions. The original boundary on the land and outbuildings incorporated measured a place of 2.53 acres. The east of the land was bordered by Manor Lane as well as south boundary was bordered by land attached into the Manor House.
The accommodation is unfold over four flooring and delivers: Huge sitting room, eating area opening approximately the fashionable equipped kitchen area, 9 bedrooms, two bogs, two shower ...
The croft or discipline that was Found beyond the gardens and also to the entrance of Highfield Residence was marketed some yrs ago for housing from the seventies and numerous houses now front Horbury Road which makes it challenging to see Highfield within the highway.
The deceased gentleman was the son of Mr. Jacob Clay, who formerly stored the Carpenter's Arms Hotel, Financial institution Avenue. In early manhood, he was, like countless others who afterward turned notable citizens in the town , a handloom weaver in addition to for a short time, held an appointment underneath the Board of Surveyors, which then administered the affairs on the township.
The Land Tax record of 1788 appears to show a alter during the profession of your creating and it www.moverevolution.com is likely that it had been now occupied by tenants for The 1st time. Probably, it was right now the farmhouse making was divided into two different cottages and employed by the tenants for weaving http://www.moverevolution.com/ fabric. The Land Tax information demonstrate that a Mark Pickard (born 1755 married to Hannah and with eight kids) was living in a property on Ossett Very low Widespread that was owned by Joshua Haigh, which was Just about absolutely the farmhouse or cottages. Soon after Mark Pickard experienced died, followed by his widow Hannah, who died in the 1830s, their son Robert Pickard (born 1786) and his wife Nancy lived in on the list of cottages with their nine young children.
Once the cloth was concluded it was removed from the loom. Within the census a person’s profession was typically referred to as a ‘Clothier’. This may be one particular person and his loved ones, who with each other done the vast majority of methods of fabric generating; a one that used around 30 weavers or a thing between. Nearly all of clothiers were not significant companies. They frequently did just a little farming about the facet, generally raising vegetables and crops that didn't need a lot of focus. Attached to your clothier's cottage was a bit of land that ranged in dimensions from one particular to fifteen acres. The clothier ordinarily held some animals; poultry, pigs, a cow or two, a horse and/or an ass.
In 1900, Mr. Clay was re-appointed as an alderman for a further 6 yrs, at the conclusion of which period he unquestionably retired from community lifetime. All through his occupation within the area board and town council, he was carefully recognized with lots of the principal advancements which materially altered the outward aspect of the borough, including the producing of Station Highway. He was also among the key movers in acquiring a Fee from the peace to the borough and was appointed on the list of very first twelve magistrates, of whom, it may be mentioned, he was the final survivor. In 1882, Mr. Clay served to be a guardian in the weak and he was http://www.moverevolution.com/ overseer for some yrs. He also held the presidency from the Chamber of Commerce on two events. An ardent politician, he was for a protracted period a member on the Liberal Club in addition to president on the Liberal Association. He was closely determined Using the Wesley Road Wesleyan Chapel and for quite some time a teacher while in the Sunday college. His influence and guidance were usually commonly specified to any very good lead to, which include songs and cricket, and he was a teetotaller.


The Beer Mug – A Legacy That Helped Beer Become Beer
The original beer mug comes from Germany and was commonly called a beerstein, which is a German abbreviation for the word Stoneware jug or tankard. The beer mug is broadly considered the preferred drinking device for beer around the world. The difference is that a classic beer stein, is traditionally decorated and ornamented with artwork and comes in a jugular design handcrafted by precision beer stein makers. Common materials include clay or porcelain.
The largest beerstein in the world stands 4 feet tall and can hold 10.5 gallons of beer. At an incredible 66 pounds, it took over 10 weeks for the clay used in the beer stein to dry completely.
Little did you know that the beer stein was central in the development of beer that you drink today.
The beerstein was developed as a response to the diseases and plagues that were tormenting Europe through the middle ages. 25 million people died in Europe during the black plague and to battle severe sanitary issues, Germany implemented laws overseeing the conservation of food and beverage, including the demand that food and beverage storage containers must be covered.
The sanitation-friendly laws of Germany led to advances in the food and beverage industries. Beer deliveries were made in covered containers, the beer-stau (beer houses) business was booming and individuals were enjoying better tasting, less contaminated beer from their own, viking mugs covered drinking vessels. It was customary to have your own beerstein with a covering lid.
The beerstein industry was a significant, union-driven employer and new materials, designs and artwork was continuously being developed to feed the market’s unquenchable thirst for beer delivery vessels. New materials were introduced, including the revolution of porcelain in the 1700’s.
While beersteins are impressive to look, the introduction of glass in the 1800’s paved way for the much more practical beer mug which is standard today The beer mug has with its cylindrical shape and steady handle was transitioned into becoming a beer-drinker’s favorite at Germany’s beer salons and became commonly used in the Americas during the 1800’s.
Today beer mugs are sold everywhere and can be found hundreds of thousands of designs. You can even get customized, personalized beer mugs with your own logo. You’d have to be royalty to get your own personalized beerstein back in the middle ages.
So when you are drinking beer out of a Beer Mug, you may want to consider the impact the mug has had on the beer itself. If it wasn’t for the implementation of laws that required beverage to be covered, the Germans wouldn’t have begun to develop beer and the quality of the beer to gradually become what it is today.
DiscountMugs.com is a large distribution company based in Miami, Florida. They are web-based and factory-direct which allows them to keep prices lower than the rest of the competition. They also have a huge selection of glassware from champagne flutes and wine glasses to shot glasses and beer mugs.


Today, the influence of 60’s retro clothing is visible everywhere. Designer fashion houses, high-street outlets, and fashion conscious trendsetters all take inspiration out of this decade. The 1960’s was accountable for revolutions in music, film, and fashion, which can be why it’s so well preferred among vintage clothing aficionados. For more information on 1970s Fashion, visit our website today!
The 1960’s was a period of innovation and new thinking. Fashion was heavily affected by the more youthful generations who have been spending their wages on clothes and music. A college departing chronilogical age of 15 resulted in most teenagers over this age had full-time jobs as well as an earnings to facilitate this spending.
Fashion adopted three primary phases but there have been several popular sub genres too. In early area of the 60’s fashion adopted similar trends towards the late 50’s like the full skirt and Chanel suits. It was adopted through the up rise of small skirts, the Mary Quant and Vidal Sassoon looks. It had been these that created the ‘definitive’ 60’s look by the finish from the decade, the hippy look was more widespread with lengthy hair, and kaftans.
Probably the most legendary looks from the 1960’s could be split based on your sex. For ladies, it had been the virtually Carnaby chic look with small skirts, short angular haircuts, and knee length boots. For males, the 60’s introduced the mod look with Italian slim fitting suits and thin ties. They were the design that defined the age, for a lot of continue to be popular today, but still influence British fashion and style.
Even though you check out the most popular movies in the 1960’s, these styles is visible. Music too influenced the fashion and the other way around. Most of the major bands in this decade helped set the trends, which again were largely bought through the more youthful generations.
The late 60’s turned into the hippy style, that was heavily affected by the background music culture. Lengthy hair, beads, and kaftans were an order during the day and flared pants and jeans appeared to be worn by anybody who’d a real eye for fashion. Not everybody however preferred this style. For many it had been too scruffy therefore, a mix of this and mod style emerged where double-breasted suits with wider leg pants bridged the space.
60’S style continues returning. You just consider the late 70’s and early 80’s, to determine this when Two-Tone music and fashion grew to become well-liked by 60’s inspired monochrome fashion along with a new undertake the mod look. Want to know more about 1980s Fashion? Visit our website for more information.
Even though you browse around your typical community, you’ll probably see someone whose style continues to be influenced in some manner through the fashion trends this decade needed to offer. It may be 60’s dresses maybe it’s someone sporting a 60’s inspired skinny tie or pointed footwear. Anything, 60’s style, and 60’s vintage clothes continuously re-emerge again and again after time.


HITLER WAS NOT A ROTHSCHILD-BRITISH AGENT!
Every few weeks or so, for the past five years and counting, a reader will ask for comment
on the persistent false allegation of Adolf Hitler having been a secret agent of the Rothschild
bankers. Dismissing the claims as retarded rubbish with a few sentences of clarification is generally all it takes
to reassure Hitler fans that there is no cause for alarm. All one has to do is look at the level of never-ending red-hot hatred that is still
being levelled at Hitler. Seventy years after Germany's defeat in World War II, he continues to be vilified by the PRC
(Predatory Ruling Class) for one simple reason -- to scare people into a "never do that again"
frame of mind. The Great One was true blue -- the real deal -- the genuine
Contrary to the idiotic claims of patriotards
and assorted trolls who are known to pose as “anti-Globalists,” Hitler shut down the German, French and
Austrian branches of the House of Rothschild -- a very peculiar action for a “Rothschild agent”, eh?
1 - The Daily News, Perth, Friday, 8 April,
VIENNA, -- Whether ex-King Ed ward of England,
the Duke of Windsor, had anything to do with it is not announced, but his Jewish friend, Austrian banker, Baron
Louis Rothschild, was released today by the Nazis. But the Rothschild Bank is confiscated. The
Duke made a personal plea to Hitler for the release of Rothschild and others three weeks ago. But he was given a
rebuff. Hitler replied, ‘regretting his inability to comply with the request.’ 2-
Morning Herald, Saturday 23 September 1939
LONDON, Sept. 22. (A.A.P.)
fortune of Mr. Julius Rothschild, a member of the well-known ‘ Jewish banking house, has been confiscated
by the German Government, states a message from Berlin.
This un-sourced nonsense about Hitler the British-Rothschild agent
doesn't even merit the time that it takes to rebut it. But because more than a few truthers have bought into this lunacy and
continue to repeat this lie (promoted by advertising salesmen such as Alex Jones of DisInfo Wars, among others) --
what follows is a "put-up-or-shut-up" refutation of the major points of the "Hitler-worked-for-the-Rothschilds"
fairy tale and its lesser variant: "The-Rothschilds-funded-and-manipulated-Hitler."
Some of these crackpots even go as far as to say
that Hitler was not just a Rothschild puppet, but an actual family member!
Hitler tried to make deals with the British. He should have known that England would ally itself with
Russia rather than against it. This proves that Hitler was a Rothschild agent and false opposition.
Rebuttal: The English ruling class was NOT monolithic. Hitler's outreach was to the reasonable
elements -- not to scum such as Winston Churchill and Anthony Eden.
There were powerful men in Britain that were resisting
the drive to World War II with Germany. Men such as former Prime Minister David Lloyd George, King
Edward VIII (later demoted to Duke because he was an open admirer of Hitler), the 5th
Duke of Wellington, Lord Halifax, and even Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
-- the "appeaser" who was maneuvered into war by the traitors in his own Party.
was those type of Englishmen that Hitler was trying to forge an alliance with -- not the Rothschild
Jews and their Freemason stooges!
King Edward (then demoted to Duke), Prime
Minister Lloyd George and Prime Minister Chamberlain were all cast aside and marginalized by the same Rothschild cabal that
wanted to destroy Germany. Hitler pinned his hopes on the presence of a peace movement in Britain. That is why he attempted
peace instead of invasion.
Hitler attacked a subsidiary of the New World Order (the USSR) instead of its heart, the City
of London. This proves that Hitler was a Rothschild
agent and false opposition.
the reason that Hitler did not invade England was because he held out hopes for making peace. When Stalin provoked
Hitler's preemptive invasion of Russia in 1941, the invasion of England was then out of the question, logistically
speaking. Hitler's hesitation to invade Britain had nothing to do with protecting the Rothschilds.
Russian defector confirmed that Stalin's
massive military build-up in the east (1940-1941) was OFFENSIVE -- and eventually forced Hitler to invade Russia. Invading
Britain was then out of the question.
Claim: Hitler was part-Jewish.
"part jewishness" is a recurring claim for which there is zero evidence.
TomatoBubble.com will pay a $500 reward
to the first person who can cite definitive documentation proving that Hitler was part Jewish. We will also publish and publicize a retraction. Send evidence to: firstname.lastname@example.org
Claim: Hitler failed to see
that America had already succumbed to total Rothschild control. He should therefore have known that America would enter the
war and knocked Britain out before the Americans could arrive.
Like Britain, America's political class was not monolithic. The anti-war, anti-FDR forces in America were still
very strong. Included among them were men like Charles Lindbergh and Joseph P. Kennedy.
With memories of World War
I still fresh, the American peace movement was too strong for FDR to overcome. How was Hitler to know that FDR would one day
stoop so low as to set up the Pearl Harbor attack? By that time, due to Stalin's war in the east, it was already too late
to knock Britain (the destination point for U.S. troop arrivals) out of the war.
Hitler was financed by the same London and NYC-based Masonic Jewish bankers he was railing
Rebuttal: Can anyone show us a receipt? Seriously, there is not one shred
of evidence that the Rothschilds or their front men "financed" the rise of Hitler's NSDAP. Hitler's money
came from German businessmen fearful of Communist takeover, Russian emigres / Royalists who fled the Bolsheviks, and regular
Party members, disgruntled veterans and NSDAP supporters. And even if a few bucks from Jewish sources did find its way into
NSDAP coffers, you can be sure it was minimal and surely intended as a way to hedge bets, as Jews always do.
will pay a $500 reward to the first person who can cite definitive documentation of Rothschild
or Rockefeller money transfers to the German NSDAP during the 1920's and early 1930's. We will also publish and publicize a retraction.
Send evidence to: email@example.com
Companies like Ford, Woolworth, Kodak, Alcoa and IBM; and Wall Street investors like Prescott Bush did business
with 'Nazi' Germany.
Rebuttal: So what?! Many American firms and individuals did business with Germany after
it became a united Constitutional Monarchy (1871-1918) -- and continued to do business with Germany when it became
a left-leaning socialist democracy (1919-1933) -- and continued to do business with pre-war Germany after Hitler
and his NSDAP were elected into power (1933-1941). Why wouldn't they?
If a local cigar shop imports and
re-sells Cuban cigars, does that make the owner a Castro "collaborator" or a Communist? How bloody flippin' stupid!
Jewish banking legends Paul and Max Warburg supported Hitler's NSDAP through a large chemical
company called I.G. Farben and its American subsidiary. I. G. Farben helped finance the NSDAP while Max served on its board
and Paul served on the board of its American subsidiary.
Rebuttal: Means nothing! The Warburgs were neither CEO's nor Presidents at I.G. Farben;
but only single board members out of many others. The origination of their terms on various corporate boards preceded
Hitler's rise. Paul actually died one year before Hitler was even elected. We should also point out that many German
firms that did not have a Warburg sitting on their board also supported Hitler! In short, I.G. Farben backed Hitler
in spite of the Warburgs, not because of them.
Claim: In such and such a book, Professor so and so from such and such
University reveals that Hitler blah -- blah -- blah -- blah
-- blah -- blah.
Rebuttal: To the easily-impressed, junk historians
citing the un-sourced garbage of other junk historians may sound like a statement of credibility; but it is not. Fools quoting fools in an endless circle-jerk proves nothing. At some point, one needs to
produce original source documentation or multiple credible witness in order to support an accusation. We
do not see any of that in any of the articles claiming that Hitler was an agent of the bankers.
Claim: Hitler's role was to smoke
out all opposition to the New World Order and lead it to destruction.
Apart from there being no evidence to support this horrible hypothesis, this opinion itself is nonsensical. If
the deliverance of Germany into the hands of Satanic World Government was truly Hitler's goal, then all he had to
do was allow the failed Wiemar Republic to continue imploding. Had Germany fallen to Bolshevism in the early 1930's
(which it certainly would have were it not for Hitler's dynamic leadership) it would have been "game
over" for all of Europe.
Inconsistency in regard to Hitler's behavior was due to his "multiple
"Multiple personality?" Based on what data??? Based on what medical records?
"I'm a German Nationalist. I'm a
British agent. I'm Jewish."
Claim: Young Hitler visited London in 1912, where he was brainwashed and programmed at the Tavistock Institute.
Rebuttal: (palm to face,
shaking head -- deep sigh) Hard evidence, please --- not "he said that she said that he said."
TomatoBubble.com will pay a $500 reward to the first person who can cite definitive
documentation proving that Hitler visited England in 1912, and that he was a mind-controlled British agent. We will also
publish and publicize a retraction. Send evidence to: firstname.lastname@example.org
Claim: In May-June 1940, when England lay prostrate after their
exodus from Dunkirk. Hitler had an opportunity to tear out the heart of the Globalist Jewish money monopoly. Instead
he allowed 330,000 British and Allied soldiers to escape at Dunkirk -- proof that he was their agent, not their nemesis.
Rebuttal: Viewed through the lenses of 20/20 hindsight, Hitler's mercy at Dunkirk
was a blunder. But to go from there all the way to "Hitler was a Rothschild agent" is the equivalent of talking
2 and 2 and hastily coming up with 5. What devotees of the Rothschild-Hitler School of illogic may not know is that
after Dunkirk (May 1940), there was a bitter divide among members of Churchill's War Cabinet. A faction
led by Lord Halifax was willing to sit-down with Mussolini of Italy (who was still neutral) and hear the
details of a peace offer from Germany. The conflict is known as "The War Cabinet Crisis"
-- and it almost ended Churchill's war before it could really heat up. (Details Here)
It was the presence of reasonable Englishmen such as Halifax, coupled with Hitler's
sincere desire to avoid further bloodshed, that stayed Hitler's hand. That's called honor, not treason.
Lord Halifax (tall man) wanted the British
War Cabinet to end the war -- if Hitler's terms were acceptable. Mad Dog Churchill blocked his efforts to even have the proposals
WHY THE LIE?
Given that the moronic myth of Hitler-Rothschild
is so devoid of logic, so utterly unsubstantiated, and so easily debunked -- one has to wonder why such claims continue to
be peddled by some in the "truth movement." There are three categories of people promoting this rubbish:
1. False opposition/ Zionist trolls
3. Sincere dupes of categories 1 & 2
The false opposition explanation for
the Hitler-Rothschild lie is self-explanatory. There are those - the usual suspects (cough cough) - who, in an attempt
to steer truth-seeking "conspiracy theorists" away from the greatness and goodness of Hitler, would have us believe
that Hitler was a traitor working for the N.W.O. / Illuminati. They are deliberately poisoning the well of truth. It's that
The Hitler-phobia phenomenon, on the other hand, is not the work of false opposition agents. Rather, it is motivated
by the fear of "going all the way" by embracing the undeservedly toxic name of the "evil" Adolf Hitler.
These weak-willed (and ad-revenue dependent) truthers will passionately (and sincerely) rail against the Globalists and their evil agent FDR, and the
evil Communist Stalin. But they need to come up with a plausible-sounding explanation for Hitler's fight against the very
same Globalists that they hate so much.
You see, they can't say that the Globalists were suddenly "the good
guys" during World War II -- but nor can they bring themselves to admit that Hitler was "the good guy" fighting Globalism either.
Perish the thought! It
quite a pickle for these timid types (John Birch Society, Alex Jones, etc). What to do -- what to do?
Fairy Tale solves this little problem. As the manufactured argument goes, the Globalists and Hitler were both "bad
guys" who double-crossed each other! It's a very safe middle-ground for the 1/2 truth movement -- but it's a lie/error
that 100% truthers should be aware of, and stay far away from.
COMMENTS / FEEDBACK / INSULTS / KUDOS


cultural places in Linz
~ Leisure / Culture / Arts / City ~
In Linz, you can spend your free time as you please. The city of industry & business, media art & science looks back on a long tradition and today, as Europe’s Capital of Culture, is a pulsating center with historical charm and international flair. Once a Celtic settlement, then a Roman fort, in the 15th century the residential town of Emperor Frederick III and later the place of outstanding personalities. It was here that Johannes Kepler calculated the planetary orbits, it was here that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart or Anton Bruckner wrote great symphonies, and it was here that the important works of Adalbert Stifter were written. Embark on a journey through a unique city – we have collected some particularly recommended sights and cultural places in Linz for you:
Ars Electronica Center (15 min.): Virtual life and a look into the computer future.
Lentos Kunstmuseum (10-15 min.): The museum with its formally strict body of glass and exposed concrete, located directly on the Danube, shows modern contemporary art in addition to classical art.
Castle Museum (10 min.): The regional museum in the Renaissance castle shows regional collections.
Old Cathedral (5 min.): The Jesuit Church of St. Ignatius, built by Fr. F. Carlone, is the most impressive Baroque building in the city. Particularly noteworthy are the Krismann organ and the carved pews. Anton Bruckner worked here for ten years as cathedral organist.
Main square (3 min.): The 220 m long and 60 m wide square with the numerous baroque and rococo facades is one of the most beautiful hall squares in Central Europe. Numerous cafes invite you to linger.
Landhaus (1 min.): The Upper Austrian provincial government and parliament are based in a particularly beautiful Renaissance palace. The crest-decorated planetary fountain in the arcaded courtyard, where music is also played in the summer, is significant for its iconography.
New Cathedral (5 min.): The neo-Gothic basilica of the Immaculate Conception, the largest church in Austria, is reminiscent of Vienna’s St. Stephen’s Cathedral.
Pöstlingberg (30 min. by public transport): Europe’s steepest rackless railroad leads up Linz’s 537-meter-high local mountain with the Baroque pilgrimage church “Seven Sorrows of Mary.”
Or visit one of our restaurants, the ROOFTOP 7 Bar above the rooftops of Linz
or our brand new gourmet bistro “DERschwarzeBÄR”. We will be happy to welcome you soon!


A great deal of discussion has centred on whether Russell, the founder of the Watch Tower Society, had connections with Freemasons. Under his leadership the Watchtower contained many Masonic symbols. The terms Watchtower, Golden Age, Jehovah, New World Order, all-seeing-eye, winged sun disk, two columns, pyramids and Russell’s strong Zionist stance are part of Freemasonry.
Much of this traces back to the Egyptians. The evidence is not conclusive that Russell adopted these beliefs from Freemasons and there is a more probable connection to his Second Adventist ties.
The purpose for what follows is to show that many of the beliefs and symbols Russell included in the Watchtower publications are what the religion now claim to be of pagan and even occult background. Russell’s Adventist and Masonic related beliefs help explain the source of some of his teachings and the development of his religion. It raises the question that if this is truly the only religion directed by Jehovah, why God allowed or even directed for symbols of this kind to identify his people, even well after the claimed cleansing of his spiritual temple in 1919.
“For years, Bible Students wore a cross and crown as a badge of identification, and this symbol was on the front cover of the “Watch Tower” from 1891 to 1931. But in 1928 it was emphasized that not a decorative symbol but one’s activity as a witness showed he was a Christian. In 1936 it was pointed out that the evidence indicates that Christ died on a stake, not a two-beamed cross.” Jehovah’s Witnesses – Proclaimers of God’s Kingdom p.200
It is interesting for Proclaimers to mention that the Bible Students wore a cross and crown. What it fails to mention in this brief reference is what this symbol represented. Wearing a cross is understandable, but why a ‘Cross and Crown’, and what is the meaning of it? The cross and crown is actually referred to as the Knights Templar, in honour of the Knights that are said to have devoted their lives to guarding the Holy Grail. This is a symbol that has been synonymous with secret societies, such as the Illuminati and is also used by Freemasons and Christian Scientists.
The Wreath that appears around the crown also appears in the symbol of the United Nations and the Star Trek logo, both heavily influenced by Freemasons.
The Knights Templar appears on each side of the pyramid monument that adorns Russell’s grave, as shown below. Why would Russell introduce what the Watchtower now claim is pagan symbology if he was directed by God’s Holy Spirit?
The Winged Sun Disk
The winged sun disk is an Egyptian religious symbol and appeared on the cover of Studies In the Scriptures – The Divine Plan of the Ages. This symbol is used by Freemasons and occult groups.
A Masonic reference work describes the winged sun disk it this way:
“… the Winged-Disk, with the Uraei of Egypt, the original of which we find in the text summarized by Naville in the “Myths of Horus,” pII. xii. ff; “horus commanded Thoth that the Winged-Sun-Disk, with Uraei, should be brought into every sanctuary wherein he dwelt, and into every sanctuary of all the gods of the lands of the South and the North, and in Amentet, in order that they might drive away evil from therein….” This is what is meant by the Winged-Disks, with the Uraei, which are seen over the entrances of the courts of the temples of all the gods and goddesses of Egypt.” (Churchwald, Albert, The Signs and Symbols of Primordial Man(London: George Allen & Co., Ltd.) 1913 p. 344)
The Rosicrucian Order, AMORC (Ancient and Mystical Order Rosae Crucis) is an occult organization that uses the Winged-Disk as their logo. Rosicrucians are said to have existed for millennium and the AMORC organization started in 1915. As stated on their website http://www.rosicrucian.org/home.html (as at 30 March 2005)
“The goal of the Council is to bring cosmic help to all those in need of it. The Council does this by putting certain spiritual energies into motion and directing them in accordance with mystical law and natural principles.”
A Rosicrucian reference work says this about the winged-disk or globe (Swinburne, Clymer, The Rosicrucians Their Teachings (Quakertown, PA.: The Philosophical Pub. Co.), 1923 p. 112):
“The Winged Globe is pre-eminently a Rosicrucian symbol, although the Illuminati may lay claim to it, and it may be admitted that it is of Egyptian origin. The Winged Globe is the symbol of the perfected soul making its flight back to the source of its creation in the Elysian fields beyond.”
This is not a common symbol of Christianity that Russell inadvertently borrowed, this was an unchristian symbol solely of pagan origins.
“Prof. Smyth found the first of these measures (a) to be 1874 Pyramid inches, the second (b), 1881 Pyramid inches, and the third (c), 1910 Pyramid inches; Thus reduced, they would give the dates (a) October, 1874, (b) October, 1881 and (c) October, 1910 A.D.” Studies In the Scriptures – Thy Kingdom Come p.363
Russell had great interest in the pyramid of Gizeh (or Giza) and its relationship with Bible prophecy. Bible Students continued to use the pyramid of Gizeh as part of prophecy until the 1930’s.
Russell’s belief in the sign of the pyramid most likely came from the Second Adventists. In 1859 John Taylor published The Great Pyramid: Why Was It Built? And Who Built It? He put forward the idea that the architect and supervisor of the Great Pyramid was not an Egyptian but Noah. (Other pyramidologists believe it was Melchizedek.) Piazzi Smyth, an astronomer accepted this idea. In June 1876 he published an article in the Bible Examiner, a journal owned by George Storrs in Brooklyn. In 1877 Joseph Seiss also published a book on the pyramid entitled Miracle in Stone.
George Storrs then ran a series of articles on the Pyramid and its prophetic significance in the Herald of Life and the Coming Kingdom.
Russell attributes his knowledge on pyramids to Smyth.
“Here, thanks to the very accurate measurements of all the passages, furnished by Prof. Smyth, we are enabled to reach what to us are by far the most interesting features of the testimony of this “Witness” yet delivered.” Studies In the Scriptures – Thy Kingdom Come p.338
Charles Taze Russell is buried in a family owned grave at the Rosemont United Cemetery, 226 Cemetery Lane, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This cemetery contains the remains of known Masons and overlooks a Masonic temple. It is claimed that Russell was embalmed at death and next to his grave is a pyramid erected as a memorial. Weighing several tons, it is complete with symbols of the knight’s templar, All-Seeing-Eye and the inscription Watch Tower Bible And Tract Society.
“AT THE GRAVE
On Monday, a party of about 150 was conducted by Brother Bohnet to the grave of Brother Russell. Upon a hillside, sloping towards the south, we joined hands around the grave and sang: ‘Blest be the tie that binds our hearts in Christian love; the fellowship of kindred minds is like to that above.’
Our last lingering look upon the scene recalled the peaceful manner of our Pastor’s ‘passing beyond the veil.’ Brother Rutherford’s words came to mind: ‘I am glad this prison experience was reserved for us, rather than for our dear Brother Russell.’
We visited the marble works and there watched the workmen slowly but surely chisel out the monument to be erected as a memorial to the Society. The Watchtower Society burial lots in Rosemont United Cemeteries, five miles due north of Pittsburgh City, contain ample grave space for all the members of the Bethel family, and the pilgrims and their wives – in all more than 275 adult graves. In the exact center of the Bethel lot will be erected diagonally the Pyramid Shape Monument as designed by Brother Bohnet, and accepted by Brother Russell as the most fitting emblem for an enduring monument on the Society’s burial space. The size of this structure is nine feet across the base, and its apex stone is exactly seven feet above the ground surface level.” Souvenir Report of the Bible Students Convention, Pittsburgh, PA. 1919 January 2-5 p.7
Pyramids are a major aspect of Freemason teaching and many pagan religions. They were generally used as temples and played an important part in the belief of the afterlife. According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica on DVD 2002
“Pyramids have been built at various times in Egypt, The Sudan, Ethiopia, western Asia, Greece, Cyprus, Italy, India, Thailand, Mexico, South America, and on some islands of the Pacific Ocean. Those of Egypt and of Central and South America are the best known.”
Russell’s interest was particularly in the Great Pyramid of Gizeh, built for Cheops, and was based on Isaiah 19:19-20;
“In that day there will prove to be an altar to Jehovah in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar to Jehovah beside its boundary. 20 And it must prove to be for a sign and for a witness to Jehovah of armies in the land of Egypt; for they will cry out to Jehovah because of the oppressors, and he will send them a savior, even a grand one, who will actually deliver them.”
He believed that the sign of Egypt was related to the dimension of the pyramid of Gizeh. In the early 1900’s he went to Egypt to measure the pyramid and claimed that the passage of the great pyramid of Gizeh was 2170 inches and that it was built in 2170 B.C.E. The significance of this teaching is highlighted by it having over 60 pages devoted to it in Thy Kingdom Come.
Pyramid as appearing in Studies in the Scriptures Series III – Thy Kingdom Come and on the cover of The Divine Plan of the Ages
Russell originally used the size of a pyramid to prove that 1874 A.D. marked the beginning of the period of trouble, and 1914 as the end. When 1914 did not bring about Armageddon Russell changed the 1916 edition of Thy Kingdom Come to include new measurements on the size of the pyramid to show that 1914 was the beginning of the time of trouble. Russell’s claim was that the great pyramid of Giza had somehow changed size by 41 inches. The two quotes following are from different editions of the same book.
“We find it to be 3416 inches, symbolizing 3416 years from the above date, B. C. 1542. This calculation shows A.D. 1874 as making the beginning of the period of trouble; for 1542 years B.C. plus 1874 years A.D. equals 3416 years. Thus the Pyramid witnesses that the close of 1874 was the chronological beginning of the time of trouble such as was not since there was a nation-no, not ever shall be afterward.” Studies In the Scriptures – Thy Kingdom Come 1897 ed. p.342
“We find it to be 3457 inches, symbolizing 3457 years from the above date, B. C. 1542. This calculation shows A.D. 1915 as making the beginning of the period of trouble; for 1542 years B.C. plus 1915 years A.D. equals 3416 years. Thus the Pyramid witnesses that the close of 1914 will be the beginning of the time of trouble such as was not since there was a nation-no, not ever shall be afterward. ” Studies In the Scriptures – Thy Kingdom Come 1916 ed. p.342
This belief in pyramids continued under the leadership of Rutherford as late as 1925.
“In the great Pyramid of Egypt, standing as a silent and inanimate witness of the Lord, is a messenger; and its testimony speaks with great eloquence concerning the divine plan.” Watchtower 1925 May 15 p.148
In 1928, this teaching was discarded by Rutherford with the comment that the pyramid is “Satan’s Bible, and not God’s stone witness.” (Watchtower 1928 Nov 15 p.344) Was Rutherford implying that Russell was guided by Satan in coming up this teaching?
This was not an inaccurate mainstream teaching of Christendom that Bible Students had inherited, such as they claim to have done with practices such as Christmas. Neither did Jesus cleanse the Watchtower Society of this teaching when he came to his spiritual temple in 1919. Though Rutherford claims it was from Satan’s Bible he himself had written about it, and Russell had introduced it under the guise of being directed by Holy Spirit as God’s chosen “mouthpiece”.
All Seeing Eye
Crowning Russell’s pyramid is The All Seeing Eye, a symbol used by Freemasons, Mormons, in occult worship, Buddhism and appears on the American dollar bill. Other names for this are Eye of Horus or Utchat Eye as it is associated with both the Egyptian God Horus (god of war) and his father Osiris (who along with Isis comprise the Egyptian Triad). Called the “mal ochio” (evil eye), this object is regarded by Satanists as the symbol of Lucifer. It is known to have been Satanist Aleister Crowley’s favourite symbol.
To understand why Russell had an interest in the all Seeing Eye we can look to its meaning to Freemasons as explained by Albert G. Mackey, M.D.
“An important symbol borrowed by the Freemasons from the nations of antiquity. Among the Egyptians, Osiris, their chief deity was symbolized by an open eye.” The eyes of Jehovah are in every place,” beholding and watching, the evil and the good. The “All-Seeing Eye” is a symbol of watchfulness and the eye of the Grand Architect. It is the symbol of his Divine watchfulness and care of the Universe.” phoenixmasonry.org (15 Jan 2005)
The All-Seeing Eye may, then, be considered as a symbol of God manifested in his omnipresence-his guardian and preserving character-to which Solomon alludes in the Book of Proverbs (xv. 3), when he says, “The eyes of Jehovah are in every place, beholding (or as it might be more faithfully translated, watching) the evil and the good.” It is a symbol of the Omnipresent Deity.”
The reason that the Freemasons use this symbol invokes biblical connotations, yet has pagan origins.
The Tetragrammaton and word Jehovah have been used by Freemasons over the centuries.
“The equilateral triangle appears to have been adopted by nearly all the nations of antiquity as a symbol of the Deity. Among the Hebrews, it has already been stated that this figure, with a yod in the centre, was used to represent the tetragrammaton, or ineffable name of God.” phoenixmasonry.org 15 Jan 2005
The star on the original Watchtower seal has Masonic connotations, being used on Masonic Seals.
Two columns appeared on the invitation to The Photo Drama of Creation. These columns have Masonic origins:
“You entered the Lodge between two columns. They represent the two which stood in the porch of the Temple, on each side of the great eastern gateway. These pillars, of bronze, four fingers breadth in thickness, were, according to the most authentic account–that in the First and that in the Second Book of Kings, confirmed in Jeremiah–eighteen cubits high, with a capital five cubits high.” sacred-texts.com (9 Apr 2006)
The Pleiades are a dipper-shaped cluster of stars situated in the “shoulder” of the constellation Taurus. To the ancient Romans the constellation of the Pleiades was known for its association with homosexuality. In the 20th Century it was popularised by the UFO and flying saucer buffs. Also known as The Seven Sisters it is mentioned in the Bible in Job 9:9, Job 38:31 and alluded to in Amos 5:8.The constellation symbol is found on the west tower of the Mormon Temple and was known by the Egyptians as the “Dragon of the Seven Stars.”
I have heard Witnesses belittle the Mormon belief that they shall rule on planets as Gods. It may surprise these people that both Russell and Rutherford taught that when they died they would be taken to the Pleiades constellation, which was said to be the dwelling place of God. This is a close parallel with the Mormons belief, that on their resurrection they become gods on various planets.
Russell took this idea from Seiss. Seiss taught that the physical construction of the Great Pyramid indicated that Alcyone (the central star in the Pleiades constellation) is at the centre of the universe. This belief appears in Studies in the Scriptures, Series 3 p. 327.
Rutherford continued with the teaching in the 1928 book Reconciliation, and said on page 14:
“The constellation of the seven stars forming the Pleides appears to be the crowning center around which the known systems of the planets revolve even as our sun’s planets obey the sun and travel in their respective orbits. It has been suggested, and with much weight, that one of the stars of that group is the dwelling-place of Jehovah and the place of the highest heavens; that it is the place to which the inspired writer referred when he said: “Hear thou from thy dwelling place, even from heaven” (2 Chron. 6:21); and that it is the place to which Job referred when under inspiration he wrote: “Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?” – Job 38:31.
The constellation of the Pleiades is a small one compared with others which scientific instruments disclose to the wondering eyes of man. But the greatness in size of other stars or planets is small when compared with the Pleiades in importance, because the Pleiades is the place of the eternal throne of God.”
Mention of Pleiades is also in Creation 1927 p.94. This teaching was not discontinued until 1953.
“Some attribute striking qualities to these constellations or star groups and on the basis of such they then offer private interpretations of Job 38:31, 32 that amaze their hearers
when viewed scripturally they are completely without foundation…. Hence it is useless to indulge in unprofitable speculations. Incidentally, Pleiades can no longer be considered the center of the universe and it would be unwise for us to try to fix Gods throne as being at a particular spot in the universe. Were we to think of the Pleiades as his throne we might improperly view with special veneration that cluster of stars” Watchtower 1953 Nov 15 p.703
The Watchtower subtly blames the members, saying ‘some attribute striking qualities’, but does not refer to the fact that the reason the members had this belief was that it had been taught in Watchtower publications.
Astrology & Spiritualism
Russell was not only into Egyptology but also referred to Astrology for confirmation of his predictions.
“The above thoughts came to us as we recently read the predictions of some noted astrologers, whose information we credit to the spirit demons and not to ability to read destiny in the stars. One of these in particular closely touches dates and incidents on the line of our Scriptural expectations as follows:–
ASTROLOGICAL PREDICTIONS OF OUR TIME
“In a dozen publications of this present springtime over all Europe astrologers agree that an extraordinary period is approaching. In the first place Saturn enters the sign of the Fishes in April, 1905, to remain there during 1906 and 1907. He will come out only in July, 1908. And these conjunctions, most rare in astrology, promise to be particularly hard on France.”” Zion’s Watch Tower 1905 Oct 1 p.293
The constellations of the Zodiac were regarded in 1914 as of Divine origin with each of the 12 Zodiacal signs having corresponding statements in the Bible.
“AN ASTROLOGER’S OUTLOOK
We seriously question all the claims of astrology; yet the following seem remarkably true to our expectations based upon the Word of the Lord Saturn is the representative of the great motive power that has dominated the mind of man up to the present time. Jupiter, representing law, religion and morality, has been perforce subservient to Saturn’s greater and more potent force. When Uranus and Jupiter meet in the humane sign of Aquarius in 1914, the long-promised era will have made a fair start in the work of setting man free to work out his own salvation, and will insure the ultimate realization of dreams and ideals of all
In 1903 Jupiter will be in the Sign of Pisces-sign of the feet, or understanding, and the synthesis of the new religion is Love.” Zion’s Watch Tower 1903 May 1 p.131
Uranus and Jupiter meet in the humane sign of Aquarius every 80 or so years and this occurrence is held as a powerful sign by Astrologers. The start of World War One in 1914 is stated by Astrologers to be proof that extraordinary events do occur with the meeting of Uranus and Jupiter in Aquarius.
The 1933 book Occult Theocrasy, tracing religious occult beliefs throughout history rightfully discussed the early 1900’s Watchtower Society.
“In 1879 Russell founded The Watch Tower of which he was the sole editor. The Russellite teaching, drawing its own arbitrary conclusions and proclaiming them as final, professes to prove from Biblical sources that all Christian churches are evil and corrupt, that the time of the Gentiles ended in 1914, and that the Jews must henceforth reign supreme over the world. It also elaborates an occult dogma alleged to be based on biblical precedents.”1
A look at the history of Jehovah’s witnesses show Russell was greatly influenced by Masonic teachings, partly due to the views of Adventist teachers around him. These were not a minor error on his part, but rather well developed teachings that were promoted for fifty years, well into the leadership of Rutherford. Long after Jesus is said to have inspected and cleansed his organization in 1919 Jehovah’s Witnesses continued to promote these pagan views as truth. It is difficult to reconcile these teachings with Watchtower statements that they are the only channel the Lord uses to feed his members with truth, and that there has been no significant change in the truths they have promoted.
(1) Occult Theocrasy, Volume 1, Lady Queenborough Edith Starr Miller (published posthumously for private circulation only, 1933) p.539


Mar 21, 2022
So many times, people are searching for gold and for that
If you're familiar with the gold rush, the people who made the most money sold the SHOVELS.
Are you searching for gold? Or selling the shovels?
Connect with Chris:


After Deanna's Averill class we went to the Joint Meeting luncheon in Eugene which was held the following Wednesday after our class. It was a Raggedy Ann theme and the program was given on the history of Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruile, her creator. Very informative and interesting! We had sales tables and the highlight of the luncheon (besides the great food) was an awesome display of everything Raggedy Ann, old and new. Some very vintage dolls were displayed .


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Pioneer. Leader. Father. Champion.May. 25, 201794 Min.
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The story of New Zealander, Bruce McLaren, who founded the McLaren Motor Racing team, showing the world that a man of humble beginnings could take on the elite of motor racing and win.
Original title McLaren
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