The history of the wine-making tradition in the Canary Islands is rich and fascinating, with roots that go back centuries and result in high-quality wine production across the archipelago. In today's post, we will dive into the vinicultural past of the islands, uncover the secrets of their unique wines, and understand how this tradition has endured to the present day. From the 15th century to today, join us on this journey through time.
The Origins of Viticulture in the Canary Islands
Viticulture in the Canary Islands has its roots in the time of the colonization of the Canary Islands, in the 15th century. The first settlers, explorers, and traders brought grapevines from the Iberian Peninsula and other European territories and planted them in the island's fertile volcanic soil. Over the years, these vines adapted to the unique climate of Tenerife.
Although it cannot be determined exactly when the first vines were planted in the territory, there are documents that speak of the "vineyard of Hannibal," located in Fuerteventura between 1402 and 1412, as the first that was planted in the islands. This, as its name indicates, belonged to Hannibal, son of the conqueror Gadifer de La Salle.
Similarly, there are other references that speak of the vineyard of the Portuguese Fernando de Castro as the first that was cultivated in Tenerife, in 1457. In El Hierro, the oldest vineyard dates from 1526, planted by the Englishman John Hill.
The Golden Age of Canarian Viticulture
The 16th century is known as the golden age of Canarian wine. During this period, the cultivation of vines replaced that of sugar cane. Moreover, the sweet wines of Malvasia acquired a fame that was enhanced by the ease of exportation from the archipelago to the rest of the world. Thanks to all this, wine became the main source of income for the Canary Islands for almost 300 years.
The Dark Age of Canarian Wine
Between the 17th and 18th centuries, the wine industry slowed down. The year that marked a before and after in this process of decline was 1663 when the Staple Act was approved. This English law ended the supply of Canarian wines to the British market, which was its main consumer. The production of the archipelago was replaced by Portuguese wines from Porto and Madeira, which began to become popular during this time.
To all this was added the eruption of the Garachico volcano in the 18th century, which buried the main commercial port of Tenerife at that time.
The Impact of Phylloxera
In the 19th century, vines infected by phylloxera were introduced from the United States, which destroyed much of the European vineyards. Although other plagues such as oidium and mildew did reach the Canary Islands, they were not affected by phylloxera. This caused some grape varieties to only survive in the archipelago, becoming indigenous to the territory.
Among these varieties are the Listán Blanco, Listán Negro, Aromatic Malvasia, Marmajuelo, and Vijariego, among others.
Introduction of the Denominations of Origin (DOP)
During the 20th century, the renaissance of the wine sector was developed, accompanied by the appearance of the Denominations of Origin. The first of them arrived in 1985, with the wines of the Tacoronte-Acentejo region (Tenerife). These began to promote and value the sector.
Currently, the archipelago has eleven Denominations of Origin for Canarian wines. One of them is of regional character, several of insular character, and the rest belong to Tenerife areas with a marked winemaking tradition:
- DOP Canary Islands,
- DOP El Hierro
- DOP La Palma
- DOP La Gomera
- DOP Gran Canaria
- DOP Lanzarote
- DOP Abona, in Tenerife
- DOP La Orotava, in Tenerife
- DOP Tacoronte-Acentejo, in Tenerife
- DOP Valle de Güímar, in Tenerife
- DOP Ycoden-Daute-Isora in Tenerife.
Challenges and Future Opportunities
Looking to the future, the wine sector in the Canary Islands faces both challenges and opportunities. Climate change is a constant concern, with the need to adapt cultivation practices to ensure long-term sustainability. However, the growing interest in wines with a unique identity and the rich history of viticulture in the Canary Islands present significant opportunities for expansion into international markets.
The wine-making tradition in the Canary Islands is a testament to the resilience, innovation, and dedication of its producers over the centuries. From the first vines planted by colonizers to modern sustainability practices, the archipelago has maintained


Australian equestrianism and its start in South Australia?
“Did modern equestrianism start in Adelaide?” – not just any sort of horse riding and training, but the thinking, kinder ‘kind’ of horsemanship, coupled with two other critical elements for any success; vision and excellence.
Perhaps, for the era, kinder horse training in Australia started right here in Adelaide in the 1860’s at the SA Mounted Cadre, when Commissioner George Hamilton wrote an Appeal for the Horse. Visionary for its time, as in those days no RSPCA existed and most horses worked for a living.
Alongside the work horses, the social riding scene was well patronized, including the Royal Adelaide Show (est.1836), the Adelaide Polo Club (est.1886), Adelaide Riding Club (est.1930), the Turf Club of SA (est.1838), and the Adelaide Hunt Club (est.1840).
Around this time, Light Horse troops were also formed, trained and sent to battle in Egypt, Palestine and Gallipoli. The trough and Obelisk a lasting memorial to their bravery. Located on the corner of North & South Terrace a service dedicated to horses is held at the site each year on Anzac Day.
In 1846 Police Inspector Alexander Tolmer wagered a bet his horse could trot the fastest. It was Tolmer who later, as Commissioner of Police, saved the state’s wealth from certain theft by establishing the Gold Escort (1852). A reenactment of the 700 km Gold Escort ride from Castlemaine (VIC) to Mount Barker (SA) took place in 1986, undertaken by SAPOL mounted Officers and members of the Adelaide Trail Horse Riders Club.
The Mounted Cadre, a reference point for a high level of horsemanship in the state, appointed Tom Roberts as Instructor in the 1940’s. Tom also helped establish the Dressage Club of SA, while instructing, judging or educating many riders, including members of Western Districts Riding Club (est.1937). Tom went on to author four books, which have inspired many a modern day horse owner.
The next two decades witnessed a convergence of horsemanship excellence in Adelaide. Reginald Murray Williams (RMW), who was given a start in business by Sir Sidney Kidman, became a philanthropist, mentor and worker behind the establishment of many of the organisational structures of today’s horse community. The visionary RMW initiated the Hoofs & Horns Magazine in 1945, which acted as the newsletter for many horse organisations. It featured club updates, poetry, photos and educational articles by Tom Roberts (under the pen name of ‘Weedon’) and Margaret Clarke (pen name of ‘Sagittarius’).
RMW also helped establish the Australian Rough Riders Assoc (1945) and Equestrian Australia (1951), the latter whose national office only relocated from Adelaide to Sydney in 2003. In what was to be a masterstroke, RM sponsored Franz Maringier to settle in Adelaide in 1952. Two years later Franz was appointed head coach for the Equestrian Federation, moved to NSW and guided the Australian equestrian team to Olympic medals in Rome, Montreal, and Mexico.
The vision cast itself onto sacred turf, when the International Equestrian Expo organizing committee secured Adelaide Oval to host a pony club square dance and the Wedding of Count Potoski. Attended by HRH Princess Anne & Captain Mark Phillips.
In 1986 Gawler hosted the World Eventing Championships, and now the current four-star ranked Australian International Three Day Event. The state’s riders excelled on the eventing international stage too, with Olympic medals won in eventing by Gillian Rolton OAM (twice), Wendy Schaeffer, and Megan Jones.
The National Museum of Australia also provides a potted history and South Australia certainly features.
Did modern Australian equestrianism start in Adelaide? Adelaide certainly has fostered her fair share of thinkers and contributors, that’s for sure.
As we prepare for the launch of a book celebrating the life and work of horseman Tom Roberts, we reflect on our State’s contribution to the national body of knowledge about hores training and care-
inspired by the horses of Adelaide.


The Air Jordan 13 “History Of Flight” has a official release date of July 2017. The Air Jordan 13 “History Of Flight” comes from the Air Jordan History Of Flight Collection. This will be the very first time Jordan Brand will be releasing the Air Jordan Retro from the History Of Flight Collection.
Look for the Air Jordan 13 “History Of Flight” to come dressed in a White, University Red and Metallic Silver color way. This Air Jordan 13 will have the white tumbled leather on the upper with hints of red detailing on the inner liner and out sole. The shoe will also feature metallic silver branding and black laces.
AIR JORDAN 13 HISTORY OF FLIGHT RELEASE DATE
Expect for the Air Jordan 13 “History Of Flight” to release July 22nd at major Jordan Brand Retailers and Nike.com. The MSRP will be $190.


People who lived thousands of years before us created some striking buildings. These buildings were so extensive that scientists have been looking for centuries for answers to who, why, and most importantly, how they were built. There are all different kinds of theories, from practical to extraterrestrial.
According to legend, the stone complex was built by the magician Merlin. In fact, Stonehenge appeared long before the hypothetical time of King Arthur’s companion. But how did people transport these impossibly heavy boulders from the quarry that was found hundreds of kilometers away? The construction’s purpose isn’t quite clear. Whether it was the observatory (the location of megaliths is the exact model of the solar system) or a sanctuary (that’s how Druids, the Celtic priests, used it), we might never know.
A temple ensemble in this antique style is the pearl of the ruins of a once prosperous city. The only thing is, Romans didn’t have any technology that could let them install these stone blocks that weigh up to 1000 tons (these very ones lie on the bottom). Just for us to compare: the Athenian Parthenon is half the size of the Lebanese giant, and the largest block of the Great Pyramid weighs ’only’ 90 tons. The foundation’s creation is attributed to the Egyptians, if not to giants. Some people believe that it could be the Babel tower’s foundation.
Despite the fact that road builders ran into the monument in the XVII century, people started to research this mysterious landmark only three centuries later. The excavations showed it was a barrow: perfectly round with an impressive diameter, and older than the Egyptian pyramids. In the middle, archaeologists found a tomb. If you happen to visit Newgrange during the solstice, you can see a real astronomical phenomenon — a ray of light gradually fills the entire room. The Irish superstitions say that this place is the entrance to the country of elves and fairies.
Dolmens of North Caucasus, Russia
Here on the mountain slopes stands small houses built of flat stones. There are holes on the facades that can be closed with a stopper. The surprising fact is that the plates’ weight is calculated in tons, but they fit so precisely that not even a knife blade could fit between them. The age of these constructions reaches 5000 years. Some dolmens, such as Volkonsky, are famous for their healing properties. It’s interesting that the ’dolmen tradition’ can be observed in different parts of the world.
One of the largest Maya settlements is hidden in the green jungle. There are artificial ponds, a field for a ball game, and palaces. But special attention is given to the pyramids, forming the town squares. They were built in a temporary pattern corresponding to the periods of its development. There are many theories about their functions: religious buildings, research centers, cemeteries, or all of the above. The etymology of the name ’Tikal’ is also unclear. But there’s a clear ’nickname’ – the City of Voices. Even a whisper there echoes hollowly.
Bolshoi Zayatsky Island’s stone labyrinths, Russia
The Solovetsky islands are decorated with a whimsical stone lace — the spiral shaped labyrinths. The locals called them ’Babylons.’ The entrance and the exit are the same. So if you go strictly on the tracks formed by the boulders, after a while you can exit where you entered. But what was it before? Some scholars write about practicality, like fish traps. The others write that they were meant for entertainment, as a playground for round dances and games. But the majority is pretty sure that these labyrinths were ritual structures on the border with the spirit world.
A monumental ’nest’ at the height of 900 meters above sea level is hidden in the rocks. The masters had to show remarkable patience, turning the rocks into the masterpiece of Petra. So, at the end of the cool Siq canyon, there opens a fantastic view of the facade with columns and porticos — Al-Khazneh (the ’treasury’ in Arabic). It is said to be a temple or a mausoleum. The problem is trying to understand how the carvers worked. After all, it’s impossible to create such a work without scaffolding, but they didn’t know about it yet.
Stone spheres of Costa Rica
The prehistoric petrospheres from the Pacific coast almost became victims of vandalism: the workers who found them believed that there was gold hidden inside. The artifacts still suffered. To attract tourists, they were put on the city squares. Because of the constant movements, an exact dating is impossible. The theory of their origin by water turned out not to be viable. But, after all, what are they: symbols of the planets, or the signs of borders? All theories without evidence.
Terracotta Army, China
The mausoleum Qin Shi Huang keeps more than 8000 statues of Chinese warriors and horses. They were buried together with the governor regardless of tradition. This handmade army from 200 BC is life-sized with the smallest of details, and no two faces are the same. During the excavations (from the 1970s) scientists have had to act extremely carefully. One of these reasons is for security purposes, because of an ancient legend: rivers of mercury had to accompany the emperor in the afterlife. Angkor Wat, Cambodia
Europeans weren’t aware of this complex till the XIX century. Having learned of it, they doubted that it was built by the Khmer people. The masonry is very dense: sometimes you can’t even find the seams. The stones are extremely smooth. The construction is kept together with its own weight. The ensemble of 200 temples was planned in such a way that a traveler approaching from either side can only see three of them. The view is especially stunning in the rainy season: a wide moat, filled with water, makes Ankgor Wat similar to an island in the middle of a vast ocean.
According to legend, the city emerged thanks to the old man Bucktu and his well (’tim’ in Tuareg), who warmly met caravans. He was the main character in medieval tales: the streets of gold, wise men, etc. He and a group of warriors tried to conquer the African Eldorado but didn’t come back until the Frenchman René Caillié pretended to be a pilgrim. Imagine his surprise when he saw a poor town of mud buildings. Now, people who love adventures are attracted by the unique architecture of the mosques.
The Easter Island Statues, Chili
A small piece of land on the waters of the Pacific Ocean is covered with gigantic moai. There’s evidence that they were moved from place to place. There are also ritual stands that are heavier than the idols themselves. Unfortunately, people whose descendants could shed light on how these huge statues were moved died a long time ago because of slave traders. There’s only one path to solve the mysteries of the island — to look directly at the silent statues. Experiments confirmed that all manipulations of them were possible, but we still don’t know how.
Great Sphinx of Giza, Egypt
The colossal statue in the middle of the desert is, perhaps, the biggest mystery of all time. It was believed that this was the work of the Pharaohs. However, they only restored the Sphinx. His body, resembling a lion’s, is covered with striations. These could be the traces of the Great Flood. Another strange thing is that the head clearly contradicts the proportions. In addition, it turns out that there are rooms inside and underneath the giant. Any attempt to study them has led to accidents or restrictions from the authorities. Is it possible that this is not a guardian of the desert, but holds some secret knowledge that was left, from something like sunken Atlantis?


On Saturday April 12th, The New Milford Volunteer Fire Department had its groundbreaking ceremony for the renovation and additions to both Company One on Center Street and Company Two on Trenton Street. The new building at Company Two is replacing an aging structure built in 1921 as the 100th anniversary approaches. The additions to Company One and Two include a gear room, fitness room, and bunk rooms for firefighters during extended operations like hurricanes and snowstorms. The construction is set to be completed around December.
More photographs are available at


Visit Carlisle for a tour full of wonderful surprises including a factory tour at Meadowbrooke Gourds where you’ll see specialty gourds turned into artisan treasures, culinary school luncheon demo plus amazing shopping in a huge kitchen shop, visit to a Rolls-Royce Museum featuring 10-15 specialty cars plus workshop area, and more deliciousness during a tasting at the Lindt Chocolate Outlet. One-day and overnight options, year round.
- Tour options include Meadowbrook Gourds, Rolls-Royce Museum, Lindt Chocolate Outlet, Kitchen Shoppe & Culinary School plus on overnights PA Capitol Building, PA Governor’s Residence, State Museum, Art Museum, Susquehanna Riverboat Cruise and Farm Markets.
NEW! Happy Holidays Gettysburg Style
Celebrate the holiday season with a visit to the Eisenhower Farm adorned with Mamie Eisenhower’s own holiday decorations and the Shriver House which is dedicated to the civilian side of the Battle of Gettysburg and decorated as it would have been during Civil War.
Dining options include the historic Dobbin House and Farnsworth House plus General Pickett’s Buffet and Hickory Bridge Farm. Plenty of shopping is also available in the quaint downtown Lincoln’s Circle area and at the Outlets at Gettysburg.
Multi-day tours can also include Hershey Sweet Lights and Chocolate World, wineries, brewery, distillery, and mansion tour with dozens of decorated trees and more.
Available December 1 through January 1.
NEW! PA Chow-Chow Chow Down
From Kreider’s Dairy Farm tour to Shady Maple’s 200-foot long buffet featuring regional Penn Dutch specialties in South Central PA including chow-chow relish, enjoy a farm-to fork multi-day tour experience where you can chow down! Options include Kitchen Kettle’s Jam & Relish Kitchen where cooks create delicious jellies, jams, relishes, chow-chow, and pickles before your very eyes with free samples and Miesse Candies tour plus Hershey’s Chocolate World and Wilbur Chocolate from a base usually in northern Lancaster for easy hub-and-spoke options. Also consider a Taste Lab at the Turkey Hill Experience where you’ll have fun creating and of course tasting your own ice cream creation or perhaps a visit to the Landis Valley Village & Farm Museum, a living history site collecting and interpreting PA German culture and heritage with gardens, heirloom seed project, food tasting and historic buildings where a tavern keeper may be preparing a meal for the evening’s travelers or you may be sitting down for a tea. The opportunities for more food explorations also include a visit to Revonah Pretzels to see pretzels hand twisted and hearth baked plus Julius Sturgis’ historic pretzel factory site for a hands-on twisting lesson and tour, tours of Martin’s Chips or Utz Potato Chips factories, plus to whet your whistle, wineries, breweries and distilleries as well as theater at Sight & Sound Theater, American Music Theater for the Dutch Apple Dinner Theater – food for the soul!
Accommodations at a new property including salt water pool, super convenient location and great pricing. They can even indulge you with a breakfast donut specialty, Long Johns!
His & Her Hershey
Guys will love an antique car museum and brewery while girls will enjoy outlet shopping and world renown gardens, with both dining together the renown Circular Dining Room or at popular downtown Italian restaurant. On one-day trips the guys do their things while the girls to theirs. On overnights we include all activities for the whole gang plus a winery, Hershey Chocolate World and casino. One-day and overnight options best May to Sept. for gardens but available year round.
- Tour options include Antique Automobile Club of America Museum, Hershey Gardens, Troegs Brewing Company, Tanger Outlets at Hershey, Hershey Chocolate World, Hollywood Casino, Winery, Circular Dining Room.
Sweet & Salty, Creamy & Crunchy
A delicious tour! Choose to visit Hershey’s Chocolate World to learn the story of this international favorite. Try your hand at making your own unique ice cream flavor in the Turkey Hill Experience’s Taste Lab. Tour a potato chip and snack factory and perhaps browse in the factory outlet! Have all these treats made you thirsty? Wash them down with a visit to a brewery for tour and samples! One-day and multi-day options, Mon. to Thurs. for factory tours.
- Tour options include Hershey’s Chocolate World, Martin’s Potato Chips, Utz Snack Foods, Pretzel Factory, Stauffer’s Cookie Outlet, Turkey Hill Ice Cream Experience, Troegs Brewery.
Gateway to Gettysburg
Visit the hallowed grounds where the Battle of Gettysburg was fought changing the course of the Civil War as well as the home of President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his wife Mamie. Watch “A New Birth of Freedom” film at the National Military Museum. Experience a battlefield tour lead by a licensed guide. View the restored Cyclorama dramatically bringing the battle to life in a 360-degree painting from 1884 plus hundreds of historic exhibits. One-day and overnight options, year round.
- Tour options include National Military Museum, Cyclorama & Film, Eisenhower Farm, Battlefield Tour with Licensed Guide, Jenny Wade House, Dobbin House Restaurant, Shriver House, James Getty as President Lincoln, Winery.
Houses of Harrisburg
Get an inside peek of the PA Governor’s home plus tour the beautiful State Capitol Building, home to PA’s House of Representatives, which boasts a 26,000-ton dome and Italian marble staircase. Immerse yourself in flowers while touring a commercial greenhouse or enjoy a Susquehanna River cruise where you’ll see a wheelhouse. Dine at a restaurant that was once a firehouse and now sports themed memorabilia. One-day tour, May to Oct. to include boat, year round with greenhouse option. Overnight options available.
- Tour includes Governor’s Home, Capitol Building, Ashcombe Gardens or Pride Riverboat, FireHouse Restaurant.
Mason-Dixon Wine Trail
Enjoy scenic south-central PA with stops at three or four of the area’s best wineries along the Mason-Dixon Wine Trail. For lunch choose to include a meal at a winery, former speakeasy, or tavern. You may also opt for lunch on own at a Penn-Dutch market with food and craft vendors. One-day tour, year round. Overnight options available.
- Itinerary winery options include Naylor Wine Cellars, the Vineyard at Grandview, Moon Dancer Winery, Adams County Winery, Logan’s View Winery, Four Springs Winery, West Hanover Winery and more.
NEW! More Made in America
Tours of famous factories and artisan workshops!
Tour options include new workshop tours including violin maker and pretzel factory, plus tried and true favorites Martin’s and Utz Chips, Sunrise Soaps and more! Try a “Made in America: From Crisp Chips to Sudsy Soaps” variation including Martin’s and Sunrise Soaps on Tuesdays only.
NEW! PA Dutch Delights & Theatre Lights
Amish Farm Tour, Sight & Sound Show and much more!
Tour options include guided Penn Dutch Countryside Tour with meal at an Amish Farm, Sight & Sound and Dutch Apple Theatres, Inspirational Chalk Art Demo, Strasburg Railroad, Railroad Museum, Historic Moravian Church Tour, Kitchen Kettle and more.
Bright Lights, Delicious Bites & Historic Sites
Lancaster, Hershey, Gettysburg & York Highlights!
Tour may include Gettysburg Cyclorama and Film, Battlefield Tour, Eisenhower Farm, Train Excursion, Governor’s Home, PA Capitol Building, Riverboat Cruise, Hanover Horse Farms, Sight & Sound and Allenberry Theatres, Historic Dobbin House Dining, Historic Characters, Ghost Tours, Hershey’s Chocolate World, Martin’s &/or Utz Potato Chip Factory Tour, Warehime-Myers Mansion, Kitchen Kettle.
The magic of the season in PA’s capitol.
Tour includes Governor’s Residence Holiday Open House, Capitol Building Tour, Ashcombe Gardens Tour with Poinsettia Gift. Available limited Dec. dates.


Internet Facts – Part 1
We all use the internet everyday and it is now a major part of most of our lives. But how many blogs are there out there? Who invented the internet? Who invented the worldwide web? How many registered website are there? How many images are uploaded to FlickR everyday? …And more.
Who invented the World Wide Web?
- Sir Timothy John “Tim” Berners-Lee, an Englishman, invented the World Wide Web in 1989.
- This is not to be confused with the invention of the internet; the internet was invented in 1969 by the US Department of Defence as a means of communication if they were attacked by Russia, and first records of development date back to the 1950s
- 3 Million pictures and videos are uploaded on Flickr everyday
- Every month it an estimated 350 million people browse the world’s 10s of millions of blogs
Registered website growth
- Between 1995- 2000, 20 million .com sites were registered
Early Growth of the Internet
- In 1994 Web usage was growing at 2300% a year
The Very First E-commerce site
- In 1994 Pizza Hut became the first company to venture into e-commerce, with “Pizza Net”; a service that allowed customers in Santa Cruz, California to order pizzas online. This made the front page headlines of a major US Newspaper’s business section
Court order allowing web-commerce
- In 1994 the injunction previously outlawing web commerce was lifted, paving the way for the likes of Amazon, the world’s first major ecommerce site
- Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994 and now has 124 million customers
Source = BBC’s very interesting programme on the internet “Virtual Revolution”


Before the Crinan Canal was built, there were only four small houses at Ardrishaig. It is therefore fair to say, the history of Ardrishaig started with the construction of the Crinan Canal.
The Crinan Canal, once described as the 'most beautiful shortcut in the world', started as the Duke of Argyll's canal. The canal was created to open up the West Coast and improve access to the Western Isles thus offering a safe transit route from Ardrishaig, Loch Fyne to Crinan. This would avoid the often hazardous sail around the Mull of Kintyre in addition to cutting over 160km (100 miles) off the journey time. In 1771, James Watt surveyed the region to find a course for the canal. Since no money was available at that time, nothing was done.
However a concrete proposal to construct the canal came only when Parliament passed the Crinan Canal Act in 1793. Investors were convinced, this was a money-spinning opportunity. The Duke's Company of Proprietors of the Crinan Canal held all their meetings in London and they had no difficulty in raising enough capital (£92,000) by floating £50 shares. Shares were picked up by the gentlemen of London and Glasgow, including Campbells, local Highland land owners and Josiah Wedgwood of the famous pottery family. John Rennie, a 32 year old engineer from East Lothian with extensive experience in canal building, who had surveyed the region a year earlier, was appointed as a consulting engineer. For a salary of 200 guineas a year he agreed to attend all meetings in London and spend a month on site of the Crinan Canal every year, however within a year he persuaded the Proprietors that he did not need to be at site in Argyll and his salary be halved.
Crinan Canal Office was setup in the newly laid, planned, town of Inveraray. When the resident engineer attended his monthly meetings there, it took him a day to travel there and another day, sometimes two, to attend meetings and return home. Experienced canal workers in Argyll were not easy to find. A resident engineer was appointed, John Paterson, who had never seen a canal and he has to be sent to Lancaster Canal for three months for a short course in canal work. Some of the contractors could not be relied upon and on one the engineer reported "Cairncross has not been here for three months past, and his partner is of no greater use when present than absent".
MacNeil of Gigha, one of the proprietors, made a fortune as land was purchased from him at two and a half times the valuer's price. With great pomp and show the work started at the Pont of Ardrishaig, "the point full of briars". The Point jutted out into the waters of Loch Gilp and was determined as the most suitable place to make the entry to the canal from the sea. Andrew Brocket, the masonry contractor excavated the sea-lock and the other three locks just above it, using freestone from the isle of Arran. Some 600 labourers worked their way about, haphazardly, using simple tools. Supervision was inadequate, work quality was poor, digging was erratic and jutting-up hard rocks were not cut flat. The locks were built of poor quality rubble. Blasting and cutting of the last half mile near Crinan proved most difficult. When the funds dried out, the Government lent £25,000 on the security of future tolls, and the Proprietors themselves raised another £10,000 so that the Canal could be completed. The Canal was opened in 1801 even though it was still incomplete. The Proprietors had hoped the Canal would make enough money to pay off the debt and to make a handsome profit.
Disasters were frequent: in 1796 hundreds of yards of the Canal bank subsided 9 feet, Lock 11 at Dunardry was uneven as part of it was built on sand, leakages were frequent, in 1805 the Canal burst its banks and it was closed for almost a year, in 1811 the main reservoir gave way in a storm and the flood swept mud & rock into the Canal and smashed lock gates at Cairnbaan and the Canal was closed for 18 months as there was no money to repair. Financial problems seemed un surmountable until the Commissioners of the Caledonian Canal sent their own engineer, Thomas Telford, to assess the situation. Telford's recommendations amounted to a thorough renewal of the Canal at a cost of over £18,000. An experienced John Gibb, who had worked with Thomas Telford at Aberdeen, arrived with skilled workmen and promptly and methodically started to work. They repaired or replaced every faulty stonework, lock-gate and bridge. They raised the banks, straightened out the worst bends and removed rocks to level the Canal bed. These workers skill and labour saved the Canal.
The Canal was reopened on November 20, 1817. Twenty vessels, towed by horses, passed through the Canal from Crinan to Ardrishaig that day. However' the Crinan Canal never became financially self-supporting and the loans remained unpaid. Therefore in 1848 the Caledonian Canal Commissioners formally took control of the Canal. By 1854, the canal was carrying 33,000 passengers, 27,000 sheep and 2,000 cattle. Between 1930 and 1932, new sea locks were constructed at either end, making the canal accessible at any state of tide. For many years, some of the most prominent sights on the canal were the Clyde Puffers, little cargo vessels designed to fit the Crinan Canal. They delivered coal to the West Coast, bringing back whisky and other produce. Now only two puffers are left on the canal, Auld Reekie and Vic 32, both are based at the canal basin in Crinan. Lock 14 and the canal bank between Crinan and Bellanoch were extensively improved in 1991, in an effort to reduce the amount of water lost through leakage.
Today the canal itself is no longer being used to carry freight though recreational value has increased considerably; it is being used by yachts and fishing vessels. And the harbour at Ardrishaig has become an important part in Scotland’s timber trade. Approximately 30,000 tonnes pass through the harbour each year. However recent refurbishments and modernisation has boosted capacity to 150,000 tonnes.


And so these men of Indostan, disputed loud and long,
each in his own opinion, exceeding stiff and strong,
Though each was partly in the right, and all were in the wrong!
So, oft in theologic wars, the disputants, I ween,
tread on in utter ignorance, of what each other mean,
and prate about the elephant, not one of them has seen!
~ John Godfrey Saxe


Download: National Treasure: Edge of History S01 (Episode 4 Added) (Tv series)Thank you for reading this post, don't forget to subscribe!
Synopsis: Jess, a brilliant and resourceful dreamer, searches for answers about her family. She embarks on the adventure of a lifetime to uncover the truth about the past and save a lost Pan-American treasure.
National Treasure: Edge of History Season 1 Overview
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Updated: Nov 28, 2021
Want to know a bit more about sewing machines? You’re in the right place. These great pieces of tech might seem straightforward, but don’t take them for granted. They’ve revolutionalized the textile industry and made home-sewing much more easy and quick.
There’s actually a lot more engineering that goes into even a cheap sewing machine than you might think, but were they always this way?
If you want to know a bit more about sewing machines and their history, this might be the article for you. In it, we’re going to look at a number of different facts about the sewing machine so that you know a bit more about this piece of kit. If you want to know things like how these machines were invented and how long they’ve been around, then keep reading. Let’s have a look at some interesting information about sewing machines:
1. Early sewing machines started being pioneered in the late 18th century
You might think of the sewing machine as an American creation, but early models were being worked on in Britain and France as well as the States. The first patent for an early machine was actually granted to Englishman Thomas Saint who was also a cabinet maker.
These early machines were heavy and could be sued to stitch leather to canvas in a chain stitch. However, this early machine followed a similar pattern to hand sewing and industrialized machines didn’t really take off until things were modernized even further by William and Edward Chapman in 1807. These Englishmen were the first to come up with a needlepoint machine.
2. Early sewing machines caused a riot
In France, Bartheleemy Thimmonier patented his first machine in 1830. This machine-stitched fabric together with a curved needle and helped produce uniforms for the French army with a factory filled with machines. In 1941, displeased at their loss of earnings, a group of tailors rioted and destroyed the machines, attacking Thimmonier in the process.
3. Elias Howe didn’t necessarily invent the first machine in the States
Elias Howe is credited as the inventor of the sewing machine in America, thanks to his 1846 patent. However, he might not have been the first to come up with the idea. Walter Hunt had created a machine with a pointed needle which created a locked stitch in 1834, but he didn’t patent it. Howe went on to create a similar machine but did indeed patent it. He ran a machine shop in Boston. When trying to market this machine overseas, other people copied his machine while he was away. He successfully sued these infringing companies which are seen by many as landmark cases in patent law infringements.
4. Singer took the machine to the next level
While he didn’t invent the sewing machine, actor and mechanic IM. Singer certainly helped take it mainstream. He developed his own machine based on the designs of others and patented it in 1851. By 1860, Singer’s company had become the largest producer of sewing machines in the world.
5. Sewing machines created the first-ever millionaire inventors
Tons of patents had been applied for in the 1850s which lead to the creation of a patent pool by the four main manufacturers. This meant the inventors could receive royalties every time a machine was built with their designs. Thanks to increased demand for uniforms on a mass-scale during the Civil War period, along with increased popularity of sewing machines in the 1860s, the patent pool lead to Howe and Singer both becoming millionaires. They’re said to be the first millionaire inventors ever.
6. National Sewing Month is in September
To celebrate sewing globally, the National Sewing Month was first established in 1982 thanks to President Ronald Reagan. This was created to honor sewing both in America and beyond, and is still celebrated every year by a number of events and crafting expos.
7. The first electric sewing machines were invented in 1889
Prior to this, all popular sewing machines had to be powered by hand or foot. However, things didn’t get much easier with the first few electric machines, as they were considered bulky and expensive. It wasn’t until manufacturing processes and the motors improved in the early 1900s until these machines became more popular in homes rather than simply being a tool for industry and mainly only seen in factories. In the 20th century, these machines became so popular that almost every home had one, or at least everyone knew someone with one.
8. Early sewing needles were made from bone or ivory
Before machines took over, people had to sew by hand. Early sewing needles weren’t even made from steel or other metals. You had to use bone or ivory.
9. The 20th century saw a boom in sewing machine production
Thanks to a reduction in manufacturing costs, increased uptake of electricity and households havening a bit more money to spend on things, sewing machines really took off in popularity, as we established a couple of points ago. But did you also know that over 4,000 different designs of machines were created? While these were from a range of different companies, many of them relied on old Singer and Howe ideas and therefore patents.
10. Sewing machines were an important part of women’s social lives
In the 1860s, women started forming sewing societies and other social get-togethers where they could make quilts and other items together, to sell for charity. These early societies mostly relied on hand-stitching as sewing machines weren’t available on the mass market, but as more people started getting their own domestic machines in the early 20th century, these social and charitable efforts continued to grow.
Hopefully, you now know a bit more about sewing machines and some facts associated with them.


Dutch Colonial House Plans
Dutch Colonial House Plans - Related Images:
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Koto no Kashin
Koto no Kashin of the Koto no Kashin was involved in Yamanami sightseeing taxi, sightseeing of Sagiri and sightseeing of Yufuin 1976, and when the Oita Expressway (between Yufuin Beppu) opened in July 1989, "Koto no Kashin" It opened and has been walking along with the development of Yufuin.
The origin of the name of the Koto no Kashin is that the Heike clan lived in Yufuin during the battle between Genji and the Heike clan, and the name is left because it is an old city with a long history such as the graveyard of the hidden Christians. I decided to Koto no Kashin it "Koto no Kashin".
All of our employees will welcome you with the hope that you will be familiar with and pleased.Thank you for Koto no Kashin of the Koto no Kashin.


The Under Kingdoms lies to the south of Sacoridia. At the time of King Amigast's reign, there were plenty of disputes between the two countries, usually expressed in acts of piracy against merchant vessels. For now they are at peace, and many denizens can be found moving into Sacor City. One Under Kingdom man, named aus-Corien, sent his son Urath for schooling at Selium, and was a classmate of Karigan's.
A young male from the Under Kingdoms must slay a great animal as a rite of passage into manhood, upon which his cheeks will be tattooed as proof of his feat. One individual with these markings was Gwyer Warhein.


Moldova's rich culture and heritage is derived from its location at the crossroads of civilizations and empires.
An essential illustration of our cultural heritage – shared with Romania – is the art of the traditional blouse with embroidery on the shoulder, known as altiță. This craft was inscribed in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2022 in recognition of its significance. The craftsmanship involved in creating these blouses is passed down through generations, and the tradition is experiencing a resurgence in popularity as a means of reconnecting with Moldova's cultural heritage.
Moldova is also home to several historic landmarks and cultural monuments. The Orheiul Vechi Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a stunning example of medieval architecture carved into the side of a cliff. Other notablelandmarks include the Cricova Winery, the largestunderground wine cellarin the world, and Mileștii Mici, which holds the Guinness World Recordfor the largestwine collection in the world. The National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History offersvisitors a glimpseinto Moldova's diverse history and traditions.
While celebrating its rich cultural heritage, Moldova looks forward to the future with optimism, embracing both its past and present authenticity.


A samurai sword is a two-handed blade traditionally worn by the elite fighters of feudal Japan. The weapon is a symbol of what it means to be Japanese, and it has long been part of Japanese culture. Although it is widely-known that the sword was a very important part to a samurai’s life, it is less widely-known what part the sword played in Japanese martial arts. Here are ways on how did samurai swords influenced Japanese martial arts?
Swords allowed for faster attacks
With the samurai sword, Japanese martial arts were able to become faster. In order to make quick strikes, the samurai would use a diagonal cut with his sword. The diagonal cut was different than the overall attack because it would aim at an angle that is not show in traditional martial arts. Because of this, it allowed for quicker strikes and more fluid movement.
Clothed in glory
In order to show their bravery, samurai would wear their sword at all times when they were around other people or groups. In times of war, they would attach the sword to their belt, so they could easily draw it and use it to fight whoever was in their path. The samurai sword did not only help with speed and efficiency, but also with image. Because of the sword, the samurai could show off his glory when he was walking around, and be proud at his skill.
The sword allowed for quick strikes
With their swords attached to them at all times, samurai would have no problem drawing it out quickly when needed. The samurai were able to “cut” their opponents at a much faster rate, and with more technique. Although the samurai had an aura of glory surrounding them, they also had the skill to back it up. Being able to cut much faster than other fighters allowed for more efficient battles, and even quicker wins in war.
Samurai taught others how to use swords
The sword was easily one of the main weapons that a samurai had at his disposal. Like I stated in the introduction, the samurai used the sword at all times, and continued to teach others how to use it. The samurai would teach their friends and family how to use a sword, just like they were taught how to use one when they were little. They would also teach their children about swords in hopes that they would be able to carry on after the samurai died.
In conclusion, the samurai sword is a very important part of Japanese history and culture. With it’s many features, the samurai sword helped Japanese martial arts, even if they didn’t realize it. The samurai sword was not only a weapon but also a symbol that made the samurai look strong, and a means to show off their skill.


After several years of business leadership and assistant ministry, the Strongs opened the local church doors in 1996 in a rented storefront near downtown. When the city declared Eminent Domain on the entire property three years later, it appeared the church doors would need to close.
But God had a plan, leading a few praying women to an abandoned convenience store on the edge of town. The building and property would require a complete remodel. Faith made way for works and in six busy weeks, church services resumed in a new sanctuary.
By 2002, God had brought revival to the community and new families at ALM. Disciples making disciples, the name of Jesus was magnified through the lives of those starting to attend. A larger sanctuary was needed so the current sanctuary was built along with additional classrooms. These continue to be a place of salvation, miracles and encouragement for men and women of all ages.
After many years of faithful leadership, the Strong's retired from their pastoral role in 2018. It was a smooth transition for our new Pastor, Keith Glenn, as he and his wife, Kim, have been ministering in the local church for many years. Holding to the same old paths, the church vision remains the same - the whole gospel to the whole world, starting right here at home.


Introducing the Kunstler Civil War Calendar 2025: a unique and compelling way to explore the history and legacy of the American Civil War. This beautifully designed calendar offers a fascinating glimpse into the key events, figures, and battles that shaped this pivotal period in our nation’s history. Whether you’re a history buff, a Civil War enthusiast, or simply someone with a passion for learning about the past, the Kunstler Civil War Calendar 2025 is sure to captivate and educate. Join us as we delve into the details of this remarkable calendar and discover the stories it has to tell.
Civil War Wall Calendar By Mort Kunstler
The Civil War wall calendar by Mort Kunstler for 2025 is a captivating and historically rich collection of artwork that brings to life the pivotal moments and figures of the American Civil War. Each month features a stunning and vividly detailed painting by renowned artist Mort Kunstler, offering a glimpse into the poignant and dramatic events of this tumultuous period in American history. From iconic battle scenes to intimate portrayals of soldiers and civilians, Kunstler’s artwork beautifully captures the emotion and complexity of the Civil War era. This calendar is a must-have for history enthusiasts and art lovers alike, providing a visually compelling way to immerse oneself in the legacy of the Civil War throughout the year.
In 1997, the world was on the brink of a new era, with the internet becoming more accessible and the digital revolution beginning to take hold. It was a time of transition and change, with the rise of technology shaping the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world around us. In the midst of this transformation, cultural and political movements were also gaining momentum, setting the stage for the events that would unfold in the years to come. As we look back on 1997, we can see the seeds of the future being sown, laying the groundwork for the world we live in today.
Kunstler Civil War Calendar
The Kunstler Civil War Calendar for 2025 is a captivating and historically significant collection of images and dates that bring the events of the Civil War to life. Each month features vivid and thought-provoking illustrations that depict key moments and figures from this pivotal period in American history. This calendar serves as a valuable educational tool, allowing individuals to immerse themselves in the stories and struggles of the past. Whether displayed in homes, schools, or offices, the Kunstler Civil War Calendar for 2025 is a powerful reminder of the sacrifices and triumphs that have shaped our nation.
Mort Kunstler Calendar 2023
In the upcoming Mort Kunstler calendar for 2023, fans of Civil War art and history can expect to be treated to a stunning collection of illustrations depicting pivotal moments from the Civil War era. Renowned for his meticulous attention to detail and ability to capture the emotion and drama of historical events, Mort Kunstler’s artwork brings to life the stories of the men and women who lived through this tumultuous time in American history. Each month of the calendar will showcase a different painting, offering viewers the opportunity to immerse themselves in the rich tapestry of the Civil War. Whether you’re a history buff, an art enthusiast, or simply appreciate the beauty of finely crafted illustrations, the Mort Kunstler calendar for 2023 is sure to be a cherished addition to your collection.
In the year 2025, Amazon.com continues to be a dominant force in the e-commerce world, offering a vast array of products and services to its global customer base. With its user-friendly interface and efficient delivery system, Amazon has solidified its position as a go-to destination for online shopping. From books and electronics to household essentials and beyond, the platform provides a convenient and reliable way for consumers to access a wide range of goods. As the Kunstler Civil War Calendar 2025 becomes available for purchase, Amazon’s reach and influence make it an ideal platform for distributing and promoting this unique historical resource to a wide audience.


Welcome to Parallel Napa Valley -
Celebrating 25 Years in 2024!
The Parallel Napa Valley label captures the essence of the lines carved by skis on the first run of the day. The Founding Partners wanted their 40+ years of friendship and life in Park City to be reflected in the wines. The label has served to reflect our 25 years of planting, tending, harvesting and making wines from the parallel rows of vines floating across hillside vineyards in Napa Valley and the Russian River Valley. Today we treasure our common, parallel experience and look ahead to more fond memories. We hope you will enjoy a glass of Parallel Wines, as you create your own memories.


and I will see about hunting it up on u tube and putting it into either the Lumi clips section or the general clips section I was thinking about creating. I was thinking as I was telling tink, we could get folks to write up accuarte histories of the characters. I think it'd be nice of course keep Lumi as the central focus and then add sections for history and clips of great stories of Days past.
Anyone remember the Marlena's possion one, although not one of the greatest, there sure as heck were a lot of great John Black secens, weren't there? So what does everyone think? Anybody love, hate these ideas?
I don't know who made these but they are beautiful.


Oxfordshire is a county in England. It is located at the South East Region. Bordering to the north are Warwickshire and Northamptonshire, to the east is Buckinghamshire, to the south is Berkshire, and to the west is Gloucestershire. The city of Oxford is the county’s main centre of population. The county’s estimated population is 639,700. The area is about 2,605 km2, which makes the density to 246/km2. Recorded on the year 2001, the town of Oxford had the most number of residents with 134,248. The ethnicity of the residents of Oxfordshire is 95.1 percent white and 1.7 percent Asian.Back in the years of the 10th century, Oxfordshire became a county where it is roughly located between the River Thames on the south, Cotswolds on the west, The Chiltens to East and Midlands to the north. Oxfordshire has ten towns, and these towns are the following:
- Chipping Norton
In Oxfordshire alone, there are 23 independent schools and 35 state schools, with only 8 schools that do not have a sixth form. These schools are mostly in Cherwell districts and South Oxfordshire. The county also has two Universities. These are the University of Oxford and Oxford Brookes University. The University of Oxford is a very prominent University known not only in the United Kingdom but also in anywhere else in the world. This is because of the high standard education the University has. This is also one of the reasons why Oxford and Oxfordshire itself is the sixth most visited city in the United Kingdom. However there are also other famous establishments in Oxfordshire, these are the Sheldonian Theatre, which was built on the year 1664 to 1668 and was designed by Sir Christopher Wren. Another establishment is the Radcliffe Camera that was built on 1737 to 1749, designed by James Gibbs.
In addition, there are many interesting places like Blenheim Palace, which was built by the architect John Vanbrugh, The Gardens, which was designed by the landscape gardener “Capability Brown”, and The Palace where Sir Winston Churchill was born on the year 1874. There are also other destinations such as the Chastleton House in the borders of Gloucestershire and Warwickshire, Stonor Park, a county mansion, Woodstock, which is a historic village, Whitehorse hill, which is the highest peak of Oxfordshire, and Mapledurham House, which was an Elizabethan stately home, located in the far southeast of the county.
Oxfordshire has indeed a lot of beautiful and historic spots tourists should not miss to visit. Most of these spots were made as early as the 14th century. Other manors, museums and chapels were made on the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Here are more of their remarkable places one should not slip on stopping by.
Stanton Harcourt manor house, Rycote Chapel, St Mary’s Church, Buscot Park, Thame Museum, Stonor House, Wallingford Museum, Abingdon County Hall Museum, Wheatley Windmill, Kelmscott Manor, Mapledurham Estate, Minster Lovell, Museum of Bygones, Cholsey and Wallingford Railway, Combe Mill Museum, Chinnor & Princes Risborough Railway, and the Banbury Museum.


In 1902 Charles Henry Howorth a Civil Engineer and Artist Built a Triple Brick Tudor style manor at 51 Herbert Street Invercargill, New Zealand’s southern most city.
Although officially Edwardian in architecture, the house retains many late Victorian features, because of the length of time it took to get building materials shipped from England.
We purchased the house in 1987 and began restoration in 1997. Using our research and photographs sourced from previous owners and historic archives we have been able to restore the exterior of the house to its original state including a replica clay tile roof from the original French design.
The Interior of the house has been returned to period finish as much as possible using materials sourced mainly from Dunedin
Charles Henry Howorth (1856-1945)
C.H. Howorth was a prominent member of Southland society around 1880 to 1910.
Howorth was a co-founder of the first Southland Art Society formed in 1893. He was a civil Engineer for the Southland County Council 1880 to 1905. In 1898 Howorth designed the Clifden Suspension Bridge near Tuatapere. The bridge opened on the 5th April 1899 is now a Registered Historic Site. Howorth’s paintings are displayed in all the major museums and art galleries through out New Zealand.


The LTC James D. Rogers Challenge Course was built and dedicated in 2009 to honor the memory
of LTC Rogers, a beloved former commandant and U.S. military hero who passed away March 4, 2009.
James D. Rogers attended high school in Meridian, Texas, and was a member of the 1954 All-District
football team. He was named best lineman in the district. He was catcher and co-captain of the
baseball team. He also served with his local Army reserve unit.
Then in 1955, he enlisted in the regular Army, quickly attaining the rank of sergeant. In 1958 he
graduated with honors from Infantry Officer Candidate School in Fort Benning, Georgia, and
subsequently received his first assignment as a platoon leader.
During his 23 years with the U.S. Army, LTC Rogers received many awards to include The Distinguished
Service Cross for extraordinary heroism in combat in Vietnam in 1965. He was twice awarded The Bronze
Star and The Army Commendation Medal. Other commendations include The Air Medal, The Meritorious
Service Medal, Navy Commendation Medal, The Combat Infantryman's Badge, The Senior Parachutist Badge
and The Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry. In addition to numerous stateside posts, LTC Rogers served in
Iceland, Korea and Vietnam and temporarily in England, Norway, Greece, the Middle East, the Panama
Canal Zone and Canada. At the completion of his service in the Army, with duty at the Pentagon in the
Office of Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Operations and the Office of the Chief of Staff,
LTC Rogers was awarded the Legion of Merit.
In 1976, LTC James D. Rogers turned down a promotion to full colonel and left his service in the
regular active duty Army to begin his second career as Senior Army Instructor and Commandant of
Cadets at San Marcos Baptist Academy. During his sixteen years of service as Senior Army Instructor
and Commandant of Cadets at San Marcos Baptist Academy, the JROTC unit earned the Honor Unit with
Distinction designation each year. He organized the Ranger Platoon and the Mounted Color Guard. He
established the Henry T. Waskow Award for exemplary leadership and was instrumental in establishing
the San Marcos Baptist Academy Veteran's Memorial, erected in front of Davidson Hall.
With great skill, he organized a number of educational trips for Academy students each year during
Spring Break. For many students, this was an opportunity of a lifetime to travel to such historic
places as Washington, D.C., Virginia and Gettysburg. During the annual JROTC Leadership School,
LTC Rogers arranged for cadets to travel to Quantico, Virginia; Fort Benning, Georgia; Camp Gruber,
Oklahoma; and Fort Hood, Texas to simulate real Army training.
Following his service as SAI and Commandant of Cadets, LTC Rogers served the school as Assistant
Principal and history instructor. He taught at SMBA until 2002, after which he accepted a position
at Gary Job Corps working in academics and later in administration.
In 2002, LTC Rogers was inducted into the U.S. Army Ranger Hall of Fame. He was named Distinguished
Alumnus of Texas State University in 2003. In addition, LTC Rogers was recognized by the Texas
Historical Commission and named an honorary Admiral of the Texas Navy.
Throughout his life, LTC Rogers stood as a respected example of leadership, determination and courage.
He exhibited genuine interest in the lives of everyone around him, offering encouragement and inspiration
to students, faculty and staff alike. We are grateful to Sue Rogers, James Jr., Jeffrey, and Mike, for
sharing their husband and father with us.


This photo was captured on September 16, 2006 at a football game in Albany, NY. It was taken with a digital camera, with night vision ON.
The football field is located directly behind the site of
the former Tobin Packing Company, called the First Prize Center,
a 34-acre property on Exchange Street just off Exit 5 of Interstate 90 in Albany, NY.
At its height, the Tobin Packing Co. employed 600 and produced tons of First Prize hot dogs and sausage. Animals were kept in this field until they were slaughtered.
The Tobin plant shut down in 1981.
Click on thumbnail images below to open larger image.


Fifteen years before Rosa Parks refused to stand, Pauli Murray refused to sit in the back of the bus; 20 years before the Greensboro sit-ins, she organized restaurant sit-downs in the nation’s capital. Decades ahead of her time, Durham native Pauli Murray not only lived on the edge of history, she seemingly “pulled it along with her.”
The ArtsCenter brought this fantastic two-woman show to its stage Friday and Saturday night. Photos are below!
P.S. Notice that weird 50s-glamour glow on some of the images? I left my telephoto lens in the trunk of my car in the cold weather, and it fogged up completely in the indoors heat! I saved you from the foggiest of the shots, but I thought these from right before it thawed had a pretty cool effect!


In honor of Native American Heritage month, let’s take a look at some influential Native Americans and where they went to college!
November is Native American Heritage Month, a dedicated period wherein we can celebrate Native people and their history, traditions, cultures, and contributions. The following are a few famous and notable Native Americans who have or are currently making significant impacts in their respective fields.
In addition to being one of the first two Native American women to be elected to congress (along with Deb Haaland), Sharice Davids was also the first LGBTQ+ Native American woman elected to congress. She has been serving as the Kansas’s 3rd congressional district representative since 2019.
Sharice Davids attended Johnson County Community College, The University of Kansas, and the University of Missouri–Kansas City, where she earned her bachelor’s degree in business administration. She then went on to study at and graduate from Cornell Law School as a Doctor of Law.
Deb Haaland is a Laguna Pueblo politician who was one of the first two (along with Sharice Davis) Native American women to be elected to congress. Additionally, Haaland was appointed as Secretary of the Interior in 2021. When she was promoted to the role, she became the first Native American and third ever woman to serve as Secretary of the Interior.
Deb Haaland graduated from the University of New Mexico with a degree in English and from UNM’s School of Law as a Doctor of Law.
Native American history is American history. This month we honor the gifts of our ancestors as we celebrate Indigenous knowledge, traditions, language and culture.— Secretary Deb Haaland (@SecDebHaaland) November 1, 2021
On behalf of @Interior, happy Native American Heritage Month, everyone! pic.twitter.com/PlQXNtEZ3N
Joy Harjo is a Creek and Muscogee writer of award-winning poems, novels, and more. In 2019 she became the first Native American to be appointed as a Poet Laurate of the United States. As Poet Laureate she served three terms, between 2019 and 2022.
Sterlin Harjo is a filmmaker from the Seminole and Muscogee Nations of Oklahoma. He is the co-creator (along with Taika Waititi) and showrunner for the award-winning TV series, Reservation Dogs, which is celebrated for an all-indigenous crew of writers, directors, and actors.
Sterlin Harjo studied art and film at the University of Oklahoma.
John Herrington is a former US Naval aviator, engineer, and NASA Astronaut. In 2002, Herrington became the first Native American in space when he severed as a mission specialist for the Space Shuttle Endeavor’s STS-113 mission. During his time at the International Space Station, he also performed three space walks, which have been commemorated as artwork on the 2019 one dollar coin.
John Herrington graduated from the University of Colorado-Colorado Springs with bachelor’s degree in applied mathematics, from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School with a master’s degree in aeronautical engineering, and from the University of Idaho with a PhD in education.
Susan La Flesche Picotte was an Omaha doctor and social reformer of the late 1900s. She is known for being the first Native American woman to receive a medical degree and become a doctor. Additionally, she was the first person to find funding for her education through federal aid.
Susan La Flesch Picotte graduated from Hampton University as salutatorian in 1886 and from the Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania (now Drexel University College of Medicine) in as valedictorian in 1889.
Nicole Mann, Wailacki of the Round Valley Indian Tribes, is a U.S. Marine Corps Colonel and current NASA astronaut. On October 5, 2022, while aboard NASA’s SpaceX Crew-5 mission, she became the first Indigenous woman in space.
As we celebrate #NativeAmericanHeritageMonth, @AstroDuke (the first Native American woman in space) has some advice for children looking to pursue their own dreams.— NASA (@NASA) November 1, 2022
We'll share the stories of NASA's indigenous trailblazers throughout November: https://t.co/WLGyAYhzBZ pic.twitter.com/2zXrdUnqgf
Chester Nez was recruited to serve as a Marine in World War II in 1942 and served as a Navajo Code Talker with the Marine Corps’ 382nd Platoon where he helped create the two-layer code system used by the military during the war. Nez cowrote a novel, Code Talker: The First and Only Memoir by One of the Original Navajo Code Talkers of WWII which detailed his experiences. In 2000, Nez was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for his distinguished achievements and contributions to the military and for being a military pioneer during World War II.
Chester Nez attended The University of Kansas where he studied fine arts until the funds from his GI Bill caused him to discontinue his studies. Nez was the last living member of the original 29 Navajo Code Talkers when he was finally awarded his bachelor’s degree in 2012.
Tommy Orange is a Cheyenne and Arapaho writer best known for his New York Times best-selling novel There, There, for which he was a Pulitzer Prize finalist and winner of several awards including the National Book Award for Fiction in 2019.
Tommy Orange earned an MFA in Creative Writing from the Institute of American Indian Arts.
Chartie Ropati is a Yup’ik & Sāmoan education activists and student. While attending her high school in Alaska, Ropati created a Native-centric curriculum to replace the outdated Alaskan Studies class curriculum. Additionally, her activitism helped change a law that now allows Anchorage School District students to wear cultural regalia at graduation. Ropati’s efforts and impact have been highlighted by several organizations and publications over the years including Champions for Change, The Malala Fund, most recently in Teen Vogue, and more.
Chartie Ropati is currently a student at Columbia University where she is studying civil engineering and anthropology with emphasis on the intersections of ice, ecology & resilience; or how climate change affects Indigenous communities.
Annie Dodge Wauneka was a public health activist and leader who served in several high positions as she worked to improve the health and welfare of the people of the Navajo Nation. She also created the first English-Navajo medical dictionary as a way to increase communication and help from doctors and medical professionals. Wauneka served on the advisory board of the U.S. Surgeon General and the U.S. Public Health Service, and in 1963 she became the first Native American to win the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Annie Dodge Wauneka graduated with a degree in public health from the University of Arizona. She was awarded an honorary Doctorate in Humanities from the University of New Mexico for her lifelong efforts in public health.
Don’t forget to join the CC Community for more discussion on Native American Heritage Month!


I was in Bath this weekend. On Sunday we visited Westbirton Arboretum. On the way back, we passed Badminton Stately home and I was pleased to see that the Worcester lodge there has two pyramids either side of it.
Indeed, Gloucestershire itself is home to 10 pyramids, so is somewhat of a hotspot. Badminton, of course, is famous for its Horse Trials. I am currently working on a writing project called "Hippomania" which concerns man's relationship with horses. This has got me thinking on the connection between horses and pyramids.
It would seem there is a strong connection between Horse sacrifice and pyramids. In Vedic India, the greatest of sacrifices was the Ashvamedha (Horse sacrifice). Kings would spend fortunes in elaborate rituals which lasted for weeks. The sacrifice of the horse was often associated with the sacrifice of the goat. Both sacrifices were often associated with Tantric practices. In the Ashvameda, the wife of the officiating priest simulated mating with the sacrificial horse, before the sacrifice itself. The rituals would take place at Pyramidal temples.
The ritual itself an enactment of symbolic of the Cosmogonic Hierogamy - the primordial sacrifice of the world. Prof. Jose Alvarez Lopez, has investigated the connection between Pyramids and the Cosomogonic Hierogamy in detail. The horse is likened to Purusha, archetypally associated with Christ.
This morning I received a mail from a journalist who I had talked to a couple of weekends back. We were discussing follies and she mentioned a folly in Chambourcy in Northern France that was much loved by the Surrealists. Georges Bataille's "L'Acephale" group also were obsessed with this garden. It is called the Desert De Retz. The Desert De Retz reflected 18th Century interest in antiquity and includes an ice-house in the form of a pyramid, an Egyptian Obelisk, a Temple dedicated to Pan, and a Tartar tent.
One of the many famous visitors there was Jackie Onassis. Given that the L'Acephale group were obsessed with the head as a mystical totem, it's maybe not unsurprising the JFK's wife should be unconsciously drawn to such a place. The symbolism of the horse in the funeral of JFK is interesting. The coal black horse at the funeral procession of Kennedy was riderless with a pair of spurred boots facing backwards in the stirrups. This denotes that the deceased person will never ride again and is a feature of Military corteges of high ranking officers.
We must follow the images dictated by our wyrd... English Heretic will be expanding its remit to take in European and hopefully eventually World Heretic sites, threads and commemorations. A new website is under development to take in European Heretic.
Pyramids in Gloucester:
Desert De Retz


Good morning Mr. Chairman and planetarium friends!
For the economy of time translating into English, I'll try to make speech in my poor English directly.
If it'll be difficult for you to understand, then pardon me please.
Now, the theme of this conference is "The Planetarium for Today and Tomorrow", but what I'm going to say here looks like "Planetarium in yesterday." Because our science museum has the Japanese oldest planetarium, and the circumstances to install it was rather interesting. So here I'd like to introduce this story for your reference.
Well, the first planetarium in Japan was set in 1937 when Osaka Municipal Electric Science Museum was inaugurated, some forty years ago. This was not only the first in Japan, but also in the Far East.
Seeing Western countries at that time, 24 cities alreadv had planetariums, 12 of them were in Germany, 4 of them were in U. S. A., 2 in Italy and U. S. S. R., and 1 each in other 4 countries(Argentina, Austria, Holland and Sweden). As the result, the Japanese first Planetarium was the 25th apparatus in the world made by Carl Zeiss.
Backing to the origin, in 1923 Osaka City Government began to supply electric power as a public enterprise, and after 10 years when they celebrated the 10 years anniversary in 1933, they planned to build a science museum of electrical engineering using the profit from the electric power supply of past 10 years. Therefore this was planned as a pure "electric" science museum, but not including planetarium at first.
After beginning the construction work, the overseas inspection team sent by Osaka City Government reported that in Western countries there are many splendid and very effective devices for science education which is called "Planetarium." The members of that team strongly emphasized that although this good opportunity to build a new science museum for the prosperity of the citizens as a monument of municipal electric power supply.
Today in Japan, even small children know that planetarium is a device to project the celestial phenomena, but at that time most Japanese people did not know what is planetarium. So it was very difficult to get the approval of the city assembly, because the members of the city assembly also did not know the planetarium, and could not understand well its effectiveness on education.
But fortunately, after long discussions stopping the construction work on halfway, this plan was realized due to the enthusiasm and efforts of city mayor and other staffs concerned. While, of course, it took a long time from the planning to the opening.
On account of the unexpected and abrupt changes from the original plan and budget, this museum could not help but omit the supplementary exhibition on astronomy. As it is difficult to fix the astronomical knowledge only by planetarium in science museum, this omission is regarded as a conspicuous weak point today from the viewpoint of educational effectiveness. But at that time the existence of the planetarium itself had a great value on account of the poor interest about social education in Japan.
Moreover, despite the Carl Zeiss's standard type planetarium had the power to project in 20 meters dome, they had to use it in 18 meters dome. Because the foundation of the building was already completed and the maximum adoptable diameter was limited in such size.
Anyway, it was Osaka City that installed the first planetarium in Japan, and one year and a half later, the second one was set up in Tokyo. But this one was destroyed in 1945 by air raids during the World War II. Thereafter, Osaka had still remained as the only one city in Japan which possessed the apparatus of this kind until 1957 when another one was re-established in Tokyo. The details after that was already reported in the day before last by Dr. Sato, the Director of Nagoya Science Museum.
I'm afraid that I've told you only the past things. But Chinese old philosophical proverb says that "Research the old, and you can get the new." I believe it is true even today. So I hope that my report will be useful for the development of planetarium today and tomorrow .
The paper entitled as "The First Planetarium in Japan" by Hiroshi Tatsumi, a former director of the Osaka Electric-Science Museum, read in the I. P. D. C. (International Planetarium Directors Conference) held at Nagoya Science Center in 1976 is shown here.
The First Planetarium in Japan
Osaka Municipal Electric Science Museum


Introduction: The Origin and Development of Olmec Research
A scholarly text, this reading surveys the history of Olmec studies and introduces major works and archaeological sites. Read less for the details than for the broader thematic ideas and basic explanatory information (e.g., the explanation of the axis mundi, the discussion of different carving materials, and the conventions of Olmec iconography). Be sure to scroll down to the Plates to see the objects referred to in the text. This is one of the longest texts assigned for this course, but it provides a clear orientation to the nature of archaeological research and many of the terms and ideas that characterize our study of Mesoamerican art in general. Many scholars consider the Olmec a mother culture for Mesoamerica, and we will trace their influence through the later Teotihuacano, Mayan, and Aztec civilizations.


Insights into the founding night: How HELDECO came into being 30 years ago
HELDECO was launched 30 years ago. The foundation stones for the success of the Styrian flagship company are based on a great vision of founder Helmut Dettenweitz Sen., genuine friendships and an explosive agreement on secrecy during the founding. A look back at the founding(snacht).
When Helmut Dettenweitz Sen. and Helmut Dettenweitz Jun. met with Othmar Aigner, the mood was somber – to say the least. “Together, we sat there for a few minutes at first. Neither of us said anything,” Aigner recalls today. The trio’s silence was preceded by turbulent days. In the leading regional company, the father and son team had developed into central specialists: While Dettenweitz Jun. was brought up as a company assistant to become the manager of tomorrow, Dettenweitz Sen. had worked his way up over decades to become a managerial personality and finally managed the company operationally – with an unforeseeable end: In a surprising maneuver, the owner appointed a regional politician as managing director – agreements that had been in place with the duo up to that point expired at a stroke.
The rift became inevitable: Dettenweitz Sen., then exactly 50 years old, and son Helmut had to leave. “After a few minutes, I told him that they would have to start their own business,” says Aigner, who at the time was himself an entrepreneur with a business and tax consulting firm in Kapfenberg. The purpose of the company was not even discussed. Aigner: “Heli lived and breathed metal processing. There were no ifs and buts about it.”
The mood of crisis gave way from minute to minute – and made room for new visions and big ideas: The frequency of meetings in the wine cellar increased, as did the number of participants in the mostly nightly exchange of ideas. Whether alcohol had been involved? “You have to assume that,” Aigner says.
Not without smiling. Nevertheless, there can be no talk of a snap idea: Dettenweitz’s visionary power in particular was contagious – when former colleagues and friends heard about the new ambitions, they spontaneously signed up. The result: the duo quickly became a founding sextet. Dettenweitz Sen. and Helmut Dettenweiz Jun. brought Clemens Pichler, Herbert Zettl, Hannes Schrittwieser and Fritz Neuherz into the founding team. Aigner remained loyal to tax and business consulting, but was heavily involved in the initial budgeted balance sheets and in the preparation of the business plan. “There were friends at the table at the time, not strangers,” Aigner explains.
The plans spun in Aigner’s wine cellar did not leave it. Secrecy was even agreed with wives and partners. “Otherwise, the project would have been doomed before it even began,” laughs Aigner. The families were not informed until the company was officially founded – not an easy undertaking, after all, “employees suddenly became entrepreneurs – and that was certainly one of the biggest hurdles. Because that takes an extreme amount of courage,” emphasizes Aigner. Demonstrating a great will to change was not the only hurdle: At that time, unlike today, venture capital for high-tech start-ups was nowhere to be found.
Therefore, the founders pooled to buy land, buildings and machinery. Each of the sextet raised 200,000 shillings – a total of around 87,000 euros. The basis for the purchase of the former premises of a regional sawmill, the rest was contributed by Raiffeisenlandesbank in Graz. Whether the current location was doubted? “Of course. There were intense discussions about whether we shouldn’t go somewhere else with the company. But we finally agreed to stay here. After all, we wanted our commitment to benefit the region,” explains Aigner.
The first hall was built on the greenfield site. Self-managed by the shareholders themselves. In addition to the unbridled ambition of the founders, the expertise of Dettenweitz Sen. in particular helped the company secure its first orders. “He had always been rooted in the industry and knew exactly what he was doing. All the others were also real experts in their field,” explains Aigner.
Just one year after its foundation, the HELDECO team had eleven employees, and in 1992 the company already had a turnover of around ten million shillings (726,000 euros). Again one year later HELDECO was awarded as “Young Company of the Year”. HELDECO’s run of success could no longer be slowed down: “What has been achieved is really something special,” emphasizes Aigner. Indeed: Since its foundation, HELDECO has grown to 60 employees, is undisputedly one of the innovation pioneers in Central European metal processing – and serves “global players” around the globe: material for the next historic company chapters.


Stay Calm at the Historic Hotel Ballard
Interior photographer Alex Hayden recently photographed the Historic Hotel Ballard for Gray Magazine. Formerly the Starlight Hotel, Hotel Ballard has been renovated to accommodate a clientele that wants the unique boutique hotel feel.
Located in the heart of historic downtown Ballard, the hotel is within walking distance of some of the cities most renowned bars, restaurants and clothing stores. Completely renovated and restored to its 1902 elegance, Hotel Ballard features 16 intimate rooms with 21st century amenities.
Built in 1902, the building was originally commissioned by the American-Scandinavian Bank. In the late 1920s it was converted to a hotel, which served the City of Ballard and neighboring communities of Fremont, Wallingford and Magnolia for over 100 years.


of the Hummingbird Islands, Tobago, and the Orinoco
We the people of the NEPOYO ISAUKA of the First People of Hummingbird Island (Trinidad), Tobago, and the Orinoco, are a sovereign Arawak Kingdom Nation, and are constituted together as a Constitutional Monarchy in order that we may: Promote the common good and well-being of our people; Protect and preserve our culture and traditions including our language, arts and crafts, and archeological sites; Protect our traditional territories, water and natural resources; Promote and protect the health and welfare of our people; Encourage and promote educational opportunities for our citizens ; Foster economic development; Protect the individual rights of our people; Acquire additional resources for the benefit of the nation; Promote self-government and ensure the political integrity of our sovereign nation; Preserve, secure and exercise all the inherent sovereign rights and powers of an Indigenous Nation.
The Isau is the title given to the First Prince of the Nepoyo’s Turtle Clan and Grand Chief of the Orinoco Empire. The current Isau is Prince Aaron of the Turtle Clan (17th Isau of his line). Since the 1700’s the Isauka has been under a predominantly catholic influence, although many of the traditional cultural activities are still observed within ceremony.
The Arawak Turtle Clan
The Arawak Turtle Clan is the royal house that governs the Nepoyo Isauka and is headed by the First Prince. The Turtle Clan is made up of the descendants of the Carapana Imperial family of the Ancient Orinoco Empire that stretched from the upper parts of South America, through the Caribbean Islands, and up in to the South Eastern United Stated. The turtle clan is believed to have managed much of the trade that occurred between many of the Arawakan Island Nations. Although the Nepoyo are unique to Trinidad and Tobago, the Turtle Clan can be found all throughout the Arawakan world.
As the house that make up the royalty of the Nepoyo Isauka clan members are also known as the Nitayno Council, or Council of Princes, and its members are mostly addressed as Princes. Aside from being a member of the Turtle Clan family, today members can be initiated in to the Clan for service in the preservation of sea turtles, the rain forests, and service to the Isauka. Initiates are not regarded as Princes, but clan brothers or sisters.
One of the original names of the Island of Trinidad was Cariri Cay, or Hummingbird Island. The Nepoyo territories were known as Ierie. Cariri Cay is considered a sacred Island as it is a traditional belief that the ancestors come back to us as hummingbirds. To trap or kill a hummingbird is one of the greatest crimes of the Nepoyo Isauka. In the south of Trinidad in a place called La Brea is a pitch lake. The legend is that there was an Igniri Chief that ordered his people to trap a hummingbird, so that he could hold it for ransom to the Nepoyo. The legend says that the earth then bubbled up and swallowed he and his warriors, creating the Pitch Lake at La Brea.
We are always interested in hearing from the public. Please send us an email with any correspondence requests.
The Orinoco, Trinidad and Tobago
Nepoyo Arawak Nation, Nepoyo Tribal Nation of the United Arawak People, Nepoyo Arawaks, Turtle Clan Arawaks, Arawaks of Trinidad, Trinidad Arawaks, Tobago Arawaks, Arawaks of Tobago, Clan.


In the early 15th century, Admiral Zheng He, as advisor to the Chinese emperor, was given the special assignment of spreading the fame of the Ming dynasty throughout the rest of the world. Between 1405 and 1433, Zheng He undertook no less than seven major expeditions to virtually every known territory in the world. Interestingly, some historians believe the Chinese admiral even reached the Americas in 1421, a whopping 71 years before Christopher Columbus.
Zheng He's fleet consisted of about 250 ships, many of which were built of bamboo. Both masts and sails were made of this strong plant.
The most important vessels during the long voyages were the junks. Unlike the linen sails of European seaworthy ships, the sails of the junks were braided mats attached together to form a large sail.
Innovative features of bamboo
Bamboo sails had several advantages over European sails. First, hoisting or ironing the bamboo sails required much less manpower. The sail usually rolled up automatically when the crew pulled a rope.
In addition, a ship with bamboo sails offered more precise steering because the braided bamboo sails were stronger and more flexible than linen sails. The division of the sail also made life much easier for sailors. Unlike linen sails, bamboo sails rarely tore in bad weather. If damage did occur, the crew could easily and quickly replace the damaged or worn parts of the sail.
Bamboo is popular in today's design world
These innovative features of Chinese bamboo sails gave Zheng He's fleet unparalleled efficiency and reliability during their voyages of discovery. Using bamboo as a material offered distinct advantages in terms of durability and flexibility, allowing the Chinese sailors to adapt to different weather conditions. Today, we see the same qualities reflected in modern Bamboo Fence Rolls for interiors. Indeed, Bamboo has emerged as a popular and durable material in today's design world.
Bamboo is often used today for Flooring, furniture and decorative elements in interiors. The material has a natural look and warm color, making it an attractive choice for design enthusiasts. In addition, bamboo is extremely strong and durable, similar to the strong bamboo sails that propelled Zheng He's ships.
Although there is still debate about the exact scope of Zheng He's expeditions and whether he actually reached the Americas, the history of bamboo sails sheds interesting light on the maritime ingenuity of ancient China. These discoveries illustrate the ability of Chinese shipbuilding to find innovative solutions and harness advanced technologies long before other maritime powers would adopt them.
Admiral Zheng He's voyages and his bamboo sails remain a fascinating chapter in the history of human discovery.


Video Link: A Light Sport Adventure
We wandered across the wet grass down to the food hangar. I was looking for a cup of coffee but none was available. It was still too early for lunch. Some old friends were on display at the end of the ramp, some T28s. One was marked with the colors I was used to, even sporting a "Doer Bird" emblem from VT2. Another was painted in the Navy Blue executive colors. Both were awesome looking machines. Kathy wanted some pictures so I stood nearby and let her shoot.
Sunday morning I pulled out my logbook. Leafing through the pages I found entries in June 1975. I had flown 138265 on some Radio Instruments (RI) flights. Wow.
EAA Chapter 643 pictures


The Arlington Music Hall was constructed in 1949 and opened February 10, 1950. The theater was state-of-the-art and featured a stage where local bands played. The opening night program featured the movie, ‘Seabiscuit’ with Shirley Temple and Barry Fitzgerald and musical entertainment by local band, The Flying X Ranch Hands, also known as The Light Crust Doughboys.The original marquee is still intact over the front entrance.
Many of the early buildings dating from the turn of the century through the 1930’s were torn down during an urban renewal phase of history in Arlington. This historic building was spared.


South Queensland was born in 1960. The president brought forward the executive’s recommendation that the south Queensland division of Q.A.F.C.A. be formed.
After some discussion, it was decided that this annual meeting of Q.A.F.C.A. be formed; this decision to take affect from August 2, 1960. The President then adjourned the annual meeting of Q.A.F.C.A. delegates to a time and place to be fixed. He then called a meeting of delegates from South Queensland clubs.
Formal motion that South Queensland Division be formed – Moved N Low seconded A Sanders that “the gathering of delegates of South Queensland clubs form the South Queensland Division of Q.A.F.C.A. and that the Division provisionally adopt the present Q.A.F.C.A. constitution.
The Brief History of SQAFCA
The South Queensland Amateur Fishing Club's Association was formed as an affiliated division of QAFCA in 1960.
Prior to this the control of the parent association QAFCA was dominated, much to the displeasure o the northern divisions by the "Queen Street Crowd." Some of the major players involved in the formation of this new division were "Big" Bill Sanders (the father of) Al Sanders; Bill Kerr and Tom Ludlow.
These men of great character have all passed on now but their legacy remains today in the form of an association committed to the fostering of good will amongst amateur fishermen, both male and female, as well as the organization of regular inter-club competitions.
The total membership of all clubs affiliated with SQAFCA is now in excess of 6,000. The interest of these members ranges from purely social to highly competitive.
Most clubs welcome visitors on club trips and many anglers attend as visitors on a regular basis. If you are interested in honing your skills in the skilful and challenging art of angling you may contact the secretary of a SQAFCA amateur club near you from the list appearing on this site.
Publicity Officer SQAFCA


Qigong in Han Dynasty (206 B.C. - 220 A.D.)
Qigong was further developed during the Han Dynasty, the routines and techniques became more specific and the theories more elaborate.
In 1973, a special silk painting (The Daoyin Diagram) was excavated from no. 3 Han tomb of Mawangdui in ChangshaThere are 44 human figures on the painting, each with a different body posture, some stretching or bending, some turning, some in sideward movement, some standing and some sitting, some have equipments with them and some have not. Many postures of the figures are imitation of animals, and some have notes beside to indicate the diseases that can be treated by practicing that specific posture, there are also breath methods to practice together with the body postures. It can prove how qigong developed at that time.
Hua Tuo (华佗) had great achievement in qigong study as well as in medicine. At the end of Eastern Han Dynasty, he compiled a dao yin routine, Wu Qin Xi (The Five Animals Frolic), of five animals including tiger, deer, bear, monkey and bird. It was created based on single movements from the ancients and became a monument in the development of qigong Eastern Han Dynasty was when the religion of Taoism born and the Buddhism being introduced into China. The Classic of Peace (Tài Píng Jīng, 太平经) of Taoism written during this period contains many details about qigong, while the introduction of Buddhism into China led to the consolidation of qigong with some Buddhist cultivation practices. All of these promoted the development of qigong on both the theoretical and practical aspects, and greatly enriched this ancient “life study”.
 Hua Tuo华佗: a famous doctor in the Three Kingdoms Period


By / In News/ On
Concarneau Museum: Maritime Scenes,
painted in an English Style.
The Painter, Hubert Mournier is a descendant of a Binic sea-faring family (Cotes d’Armor Brittany).
Publicly he is better known by the pseudonym “Cartahu”; the name for a rope used to transfer cargos and light house keepers at sea.
When starting to dabble with acrylics in 1977 he first became inspired by surrealism but then went on to explore Japanese painting.
In 1988 returning to his origins, in the coastal village of Pordic, he became motivated to capture the enhanced lighting of the sea and skies of Maritime Brittany in oils.
His inspiration took on an historical aspect as shown by his paintings in the temporary Exhibition in May 2010 at the Concarneau Fishing Museum, entitled “Back in Time”.
It was a series of former British 18th Centuary seascapes, Meticulously painted in a style that avoids the old heroics & pomposity.
His most impressive canvas was that showing the unfortunate Naval Combat that occurred during a storm off Plozevet in Audierne Bay on the 13th of January 1797 between the French Ship of the Line “Droits de l’Homme” 74 guns and the English Frigates “HMS Indefatigable” 44 guns and “HMS Amazon” 36 guns.
Another of his paintings also showed a rough weather scene, this time of 1833, when the tugboat “Sphinx” was needed to tow the “Luxor” bringing the Egyptian Obelisk to France.


The tower of London is one of the most seasoned and most all around saved structures on the planet. After some time, the tower of London has been utilized to shield England from its foes, as castle for the illustrious family. Visiting the tower of London is an unquestionable requirement for any first time London guest, as the individuals who have ventured out to London a couple of times. The tower of London has been looked out for by yeoman corrections officers since the earliest reference point of its reality in 1078. The corrections officers deal with the structures inside the tower of London ensuring that the majority of the structures are remained careful from gatecrashers as watch to guarantee that none of the detainees of the tower of London had the capacity to get away.
Since their origin yeoman corrections officers have been required to make a vow to the tower of London, and their subjugation of the structure and the government. In early years the yeoman jailers would have preformed their obligations in regular clothes; today the corrections officers have substantially more stately clothing. After some time the tower of London has turned out to be known for the extraordinary number of individuals that have been executed at the tower of London. A portion of the more well known executions incorporate Anne Boleyn in 1530, which was henry viii second spouse. She was decapitated and consumed in light of the fact that henry associated her with submitting infidelity, and sir Walter Raleigh a pioneer to the Americas who dropped out of support with Elizabeth I. He went through twelve years in the tower to be discharged for two brief a long time before ending up back there again being executed in 1618. Click for more info http://www.tripindicator.com/tower-of-london.html.
The tower of London has been the setting for an incredible number of critical recorded crossroads ever of, and the historical backdrop of England overall. The tower of London is likewise where the royal gems are kept. It is obscure what the genuine estimation of the majority of the gold, silver, and gemstones in the imperial gathering. Lords and rulers all through the ages have worn things from the gathering. Having recently been worn such a long time ago, and amid such key crossroads in history make the royal gems inestimable. One of the most seasoned services at the tower of London that still endures today is the function of the keys. The service of the keys is the stately bolting up of the Tower of London every night. The function has been finished in precisely the same way, each and every night for right around seven hundred years. Every night before 10pm the central jailer originates from byword tower conveying the conventional lamp lit with a light and goes before to a spot a ridiculous tower.