The other morning as I was diverting myself from writing by flicking through my favourite history magazine I indulged my procrastination further by skipping through Facebook which has become, amongst other things, the modern version of a last cigarette or pressing inspection of navel lint.
As I fingered the face of my phone (an almost unconscious action likened by others to the comforting caress of a rosary) I noticed this cartoon posted by a friend.
It got me thinking. While I sympathized with the sentiment involved, I felt it was dishonest and messy.
Yes, it is sad to see the great feat of engineering and endeavour that was the Space Shuttle Program consigned to a footnote in history, but that’s the way of all great vehicles of state power.
The article in History Today I was intending to read before I diverted myself was about the ornate ships of the line that won dominance of the seas for the British in the 18th century.
The article started with this engraving of The Capture of Louisbourg in 1745.
I could look at it for ages, marveling at the skill and craft of those that made the magnificent ship, wondering what it was like inside, how all the parts went together, how an assault was carried out by those garish and impractically-dressed soldiers and, on a more mundane level, how it functioned day-to-day.
But as mind-blowing as these war ships were that wrestled dominance of the seas off the French 250 years ago, they in turn would have been dwarfed by the massive Chinese fleets of exploration led by Zheng He that reached India, the Middle East and Africa 300 years before that.
A comparison of Columbus’ ship of 1492 with Zheng He’s of 1405.
The Chinese fleets put the much-vaunted European endeavour to shame. They had supply ships covered in soil growing fresh produce while the Europeans were blindly dying of scurvy for centuries to come. The first Chinese fleet had 317 ships and 28,000 men. Europe had nothing to compare until D-Day, long after the Wright brothers took to the air.
So what happened to this astounding realisation of humanities’ drive towards trade and exploration? Like all such undertakings of incredible cost and organisation they relied on political will and state funds to continue (just like the shuttle programme) and, as always, times change, as do priorities. The fleets of Zheng He ended when a new emperor came in and eunuchs like Zheng He lost power to the Confucian bureaucracy.
Am I lover of war and arcane technology? NO! to the former and YES! to the latter. But more correctly, I am a lover of history and pre-history, knowledge and the unknown. A natural philosopher, if you will (to use a term from the 18th century) who sees science, the arts and religious belief not in opposition but as part of a continuum. I am no follower of the Manichaeism that so infects the present discourse in politics and the media. For me, the world does not divide neatly into black and white, like it does for some. It is full of colour. And even when it gets dark, there are always shades of grey, contrasting intensities of darkness, something glowing in the corner to be inspected.
There can be no loss that offers no gain. No gain that does not involve some loss.
What has the space shuttle got to do with war and philosophy? A lot.
I can never celebrate war.
Edwin Starr was right to claim war was good for ‘absolutely nothing’ in 1969 as the groovy pop culture stance was needed in the face of the Vietnam War. But it was a song of the moment and the greater truth is that while war achieves very little that is good no evil passes without the opportunity for some advantage to society.
1. Good for certain interested sections of the economy of the victors.
2. Drivers of scientific research and innovation which can have applications outside the military.
History is littered with examples of 1.
In, fact, I was talking to a military contractor the other day who said that the US economy needs a large-scale war every 15 years to stay afloat. An easy statement to make but he had just spent the last 15 years helping organize the clean-up of mines left as a result of the various imperial adventures in South East Asia in the ‘60s and ‘70s. As always, it is women and children who face the relics of this aggression while they go about the mundane tasks of seeking water and wood. The producers of the land mines and the politicians who demanded their deployment, as well as the combatants who placed them in the ground where they remain till this day, are all absent from the clean-up. No glory to be had there.
We also talked of the present absurdity of the US Army being forced by politicians to take orders of new, more technologically advanced tanks when they are quite happy with their present ones.
Naturally, examples of 2 are a little less depressing (I use that small qualifier not because I live in a land where understatement is an understatement but because the innovations come on the back of making it ever-easier to kill people).
Florence Nightingale pioneered nursing care in the inanity of the Crimean War not for the benefit of civilians, but to stop soldiers from dying from the wounds and disease that were seeing them off at a greater rate than the enemy ever could. After they were healed they were sent back to the task of killing the Russians in an aggressive, pointless war far from home.
We continue to benefit from that awful situation with modern health-care.
New Zealander Sir Harold Gillies, ‘the father of plastic surgery’, pioneered facial reconstruction during The Great War (the one fought to end all wars) so that those who had put themselves on the line so there would no more need to fight could be better accepted back into the society of those who, for whatever reason, had not made that sacrifice. The predicament of the half-faced veteran, Richard Harrow, in Boardwalk Empire says a lot about this appalling situation.
Sir Archibald McIndoe (also from Dunedin) worked for his cousin, Gillies, in the 1930s, learning the trade before achieving medical breakthroughs working with RAF burn victims (the famous Guinea Pig Club) in World War II.
Another great benefit derived from World War II is international travel. Jet planes were relatively ineffective during the war but the technology was soon parlayed into the cheap travel we enjoy today.
It still amazes me to think how far air travel has developed from the Wright Brothers’ first flight 110 years ago. But to link their achievement on a continuum with the space shuttle is disingenuous.
An apple and a pig are food for some and may even be found in the same shop or dinner plate. But the one does not proceed from the other.
Likewise, powered flight is similar to space travel in that they both leave the ground, but the shuttle programme was born of a rather different impulse.
We all know that the Wright brothers weren’t the first to imagine how we might fly. There had been countless attempts throughout history, amongst them New Zealand’s great challenger from Temuka, Richard Pearse, who some still claim to have beaten the Wright’s by 9 months.
Medal struck by NZ Mint claiming Pearse flew first.
The Wright Brothers were bicycle makers working away by themselves while the U.S. War Department (yes, the War department) and the Smithsonian Institution combined resources and scientific expertise to ‘conquer the air’.
How did the Wrights’ compete with that? There’s a fascinating and gripping book about it called ‘To Conquer The Air’ by James Tobin.
But basically, to quote a(nother) great New Zealander, Lord Rutherford, ‘the father of nuclear physics.’
“…we don’t have much money, so we have to think”.
I must mention that, despite popular opinion, Rutherford didn’t split the atom. He cleverly, and cheaply, worked out an experiment to demonstrate what was inside. If the atom had been split then Manchester would have gone *bang!* well before the ‘80s dance craze.
Rutherford and his “Number 8 Wire” gold leaf experiment that ‘split the atom’.
The Wright brothers won the race against the War Department et al. because, like Rutherford, they employed the imagination and skill that the state, for whatever reason, seemed to ignore. It wasn’t mere chance they got there first.
In contrast, the race into space was a very different game. It was born directly of the ballistic missile technology developed by the Germans and realised in their V2 terror attacks on London.
V2 on its way to London.
The V2 was the first rocket to go into space. Fans of Tintin will recognize its form from ‘Destination Moon’ published in 1953.
We’re going to the moon!
While these ‘terror weapons’ (as Hitler called them, in his hodgepodge German accent) killed many Londoners a much greater number of slave labourers and concentration camp ‘workers’ died making them.
When the Allies overrun the launch site at Pennemunde they grabbed the technology and the developers in order to initiate their own ballistic missile programmes. Amongst them was the leader of the V2 programme, Wernher von Braun who was secretly taken to the U.S. where he ended up starting the Space Program which became NASA.
First photo from space. Taken by a US V2
Yes, it could be argued that he should have stood trial at Nuremburg, not so much for killing the Londoners, but for the deaths of the slaves and concentration camp victims forced to build his terror weapons while hidden deep in dangerous caves, but isn’t it best to be pragmatic and take advantage of a bad situation?
Like a lot of what happened at the end of WWII, motives were driven by concerns about erstwhile allies, soon to be regarded as enemies. The Americans were desperate for the Soviets not to get hold of the technology (that the Soviets developed their own space programme out of the bits and pieces left scattered at Pennemunde is testament to a great resourcefulness).
This situation only added to the so-called “shock of the century” felt by the U.S. when the Soviets launched the first satellite into orbit in 1957. Sputnik sent the Space race ballistic (pun intended).
Stamp issued to celebrate Sputnik.
Eisenhower wouldn’t be outdone and it was no mean feat that 3 months later a team led by von Braun, James van Allen, and Wellington boy William Pickering (yes, a Kiwi was in charge of the Jet Propulsion Unit) sent Explorer 1 into space. It was a great propaganda moment for the U.S. which NASA acknowledged at the 50th anniversary of the launch with this article on their site.
At the time the 3 scientists were (reluctantly) flown from the launch site to Washington for the staged press conference where this iconic image was created.
Pickering, van Allen, von Braun celebrating the launch for the cameras.
The Space Race took off not because it benefited humanity or exploration, but because it benefited those who had their hands on the purse-strings. Perceptions of hegemony had to be maintained.
When Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space in 1961, the Americans hit back with Alan Shepard the following month. The Soviets put the first woman up in 1963. Notably, she was also the first civilian (the U.S. didn’t feel it necessary to send a woman into space until Sally Ride went up in the Challenger in 1983).
The so-called ‘exploration of space’ has been an overwhelmingly military operation.
JFK only committed the U.S. to sending a man to the moon to get one over the Soviets. He saw no other value (he wrote and said this in private many times).
In fact, he is on tape (the same White House taping system that would prove Nixon’s downfall) regretting making the commitment to going to the moon, worrying that the public would realise it was “just a stunt… a waste of money…. why didn’t I say something useful…like ridding the sea of salt?”
Having campaigned on being ahead in the “missile-gap” his presidency depended on being in the lead. Gagarin went up 2 months into JFK’s presidency so he had to come up with something, anything, to top them (hence, the famous speech filled with lofty ideals).
Once JFK was assassinated in 1963 his commitment became sacrosanct. Yes, it was a marvellous feat and achievement, but it had little to do with the spirit of exploration and invention that motivated the Wright brothers into the air in 1903, or sent Lindbergh across the Atlantic in 1927.
Yes, the Soviets had their own missions to send a man to the moon, but once the U.S. set foot there there was simply no propaganda value in throwing any more money at it.
The Apollo missions quietly suffered the same fate 3 years after Neil Armstrong fluffed his famous lines from the moon (or did he?).
As I child, I followed the development of the shuttle program with great interest. The test flights from the back of Jumbo jets were played on the news in NZ. The programme, started by Nixon in the ’60s, wasn’t about human endeavour, but creating a fast turn-around vehicle to set up a space station.
The so-called “space-truck” was also intended to capture Soviet satellites (Nixon approved the funding for NASA on these grounds). Yet again, it was about the Space Race.
The Soviets had their own Buran shuttle programme that went up only once in 1988 but was soon abandoned as the Soviet Union fell apart.
Like the landing on the moon, I watched the shuttle launches (and landings) beamed live on the telly. I am sad to see these great machines put to rest. But like the magnificent ships of the line that won Spain, then France, and finally Britain an empire, or the great fleets of exploration of Zheng He, their time has passed and there is no need to replace them. No one needs to ‘conquer’ space.
The shuttle was a product of a world I am glad to see the end of. Overall, the Cold War was an obscene waste of money that may have given the bulk of society some little benefits, maybe, but they are way out of proportion to the lives and capital spent.
The space-truck put some satellites up, maintained a broken telescope and provided a taxi service to the International Space Station. There was a lot of compelling live telly for those, like me, excited by such things and there are still infomercials selling products that claim to benefit from technology developed by the space programme. But I think we deserve something better than non-stick fry pans.
Let me be clear, space exploration continues to excite me.
When the Curiosity Rover landed on Mars last year I shared the effusive excitement of my 4 year-old daughter who squealed with wonder and delight as we watched it land. She was so intrigued when I explained what was happening that I got a poster of the solar system for her bedroom wall and a set of glow-in-the-dark planets to hang above her bed. A year later she still knows the names and special qualities of each planet. They have not been replaced by Dora or Disney or any other marker of social acceptance. Each night as I carry her to bed on my shoulders she turns out the lights so that we enter her room in darkness, with only the glowing planets to guide us.
Like the Wrights tinkering away by themselves or the Dotcom giants who started off in anonymous garages and faceless dorms, the wonders of the future will come from the minds of girls and boys chipping away in mundane surroundings.
Likewise, the future for space exploration lies in innovation and imagination, not in bellicose projections of state power, or ‘great (or even giant) leaps forward’.
Right now a myriad of small private companies are pioneering fast turnaround re-usable craft to take the shuttle’s place servicing satellites and the space station.
And, as always, the future belongs to those like the young stick figure in the cartoon who dare to imagine. It is not a bigger, louder extrapolation of what has gone before. As the saying goes, nothing dates faster than the future. Leave such whimsy to the realms of the Jetsons (food in a pill!), steam-punk (I heart steam-punk!) and other fancies of a future hobbled by the past.
There’s no need to grieve the passing of an imagined future. Let’s feel happy and confident enough to celebrate what has been achieved, warts and all, to take what is useful, understand what is not, and not cling to the gunships, space-trucks and eunuchs of yesteryear.
Let’s sit on the shoulders of giants, imagining what may be flying overhead, in reality and in our imaginations.
(Oh, and happy birthday to Orville Wright who would be 142 today, if one of the imagined futures of my childhood had come true and he was still alive).
The Space Station zooming over my home.


Limestone is a sedimentary rock made up of the fragments of marine lifeforms such as mollusks and coral. It is a calcium carbonate. The stone was used widely in the 19th century, ranging from hospitals, banks and major transportation centres. The state of Indiana is known for producing some of the best limestone in the entire world.
When we look through history, it is amazing to see how many buildings were built from this popular source of stone. It is a laundry list of famous and not-so-famous structures.
- The pyramids of Egypt were built from this readily available stone, including the famous Great Pyramid of Giza.
- The ancient Romans loved to use limestone, improving the known techniques and using it widely as they built their empire over the centuries.
- In the medieval era, limestone was an often-used material. It was known for standing up to the elements and being resistant to harm. Due to this, many famous medieval buildings and fortifications were made from it.
- The Great Tower of London was coated with a lime whitewash, and at the other end of the world, The Great Wall of China had remodeling done that used a great deal of limestone.
A walk through history shows how limestone has made a huge contribution to the rise of civilization across continents and societies. And in our own modern era, limestone can still be seen being used for facades on buildings. It is a timeless rock that we will see used many years into the future.


History of the Corps
Col. John Chester Fife & Drum Corps is the oldest Jr. Ancient Corps in Connecticut. Organized in 1940, the Corps made its first public appearance at the Wethersfield Memorial Day Parade in 1942. The Corps is named after Col. John Chester School where it was formed as an activity of the PTA. Realizing the need to expand beyond the school, the Corps was then sponsored by the Exchange Club. Since 1955, however, the Corps has been an independent self-supporting organization.
When the Corps was formed, its mission was to: maintain and preserve the martial music of the Spirit of 76 and to foster and encourage good sportsmanship, citizenship and the enrichment of American culture through participation in parades, competitions, concerts and other appropriate activities.
Col. John is a founding member of the Company of Fifers & Drummers and also belongs to the Connecticut Fifers and Drummers Association (CFDA), Hudson Valley Drum Corps Association and the Massachusetts Fife, Drum and Bugle Association. Over the years, Col. John has earned the reputation as being one of the top Junior Ancient Corps in Connecticut. The Corps maintains an active schedule each year appearing in parades, competitions, concerts and musters. Col. John has been the reigning Jr. Ancient State Champions in the Connecticut Fifer's and Drummers Association (CFDA), the Hudson Valley Association and the Massachusetts Association since 1994.
The Corps has had a variety of uniforms during the years. A standout at any event, the Corps first uniforms were a white shirt and white pants with red stripes, a light blue cape with light red lining, all topped with a white sailor hat which had a V for victory on it. This hat was replaced in 1945 by a colonial navy blue tricorn hat. They also added white belts and navy blue capes with royal red lining. By 1947, the uniform was dark blue cadet style with grey slacks and a blue cape. In the early 1960s, a civil war type of uniform was worn. The present uniform was researched, designed and adopted in 1969. It is an adaptation of the uniform worn by the Wethersfield Company commanded by John Chester at the Battle of Bunker Hill: blue waistcoats, buff trousers, white shirts, black leggings and tricorn hats. In recent years, the Corps has added a black sash where members proudly display their competition medals and muster pins.
Who was Col. John Chester?
Born in Wethersfield on January 18, 1749, John Chester became a local war hero. In 1767, he graduated from Yale College (now Yale University) and in 1771, he was a Lieutenant in the Local Militia (9th Company of the Sixth CT Regiment) which had been organized in 1640. The unit prided themselves on their uniforms "wholly blue turned up with red". In 1775, when the Lexington alarm came, John Chester led a picked body of about 100 men which ranked as the most select body in the Provincial Army and were distinguished at Bunker Hill. John Chester was commissioned Colonel in June 1776 and retired from the army at the close of the war. During the remainder of his years, he was devoted to public service in Wethersfield. He died November 4, 1809, at the age of 60.


HISTORY OF ALDERSGATE DAY SCHOOL
Aldersgate Day School began in 1962 with just two classes and an enrollment of 38 children. By 1973, the Day School had grown to 102 students and had four classes of three-year-olds, three classes of four-year-olds, and one kindergarten class.
In 1976, Fairfax County approved the Aldersgate Day School's infamous Mother's Day Out program. This program allowed the Aldersgate Day School to enroll children as young as six-months-old. By 1978, there was such a demand for space and the popularity of the school had grown so much that the Aldersgate Day School secured a seat on the official church Commission on Education.
Between 1981 and 1984, the position of Day School Director became a twelve-month position, the first "teacher's aide" position was added, and the Aldersgate Day School and Mother's Day Out programs were combined into one Aldersgate Day School program, and with that began the process of uniting the staff and programs as a single school.
During the years 1985 and 1986, two more classes of three-year-olds and four-year-olds were added, bringing the total number of classes to seven. Significant facility improvements were made during the next five years in an effort to bring the Aldersgate Day School into compliance with Virginia State Licensure regulations. In 1991, the Aldersgate Day School received its first unconditional Virginia State License. The Mother's Day Out program was replaced by the current Toddler I, Toddler II, and Pre-K classes.
Many new and exciting educational, staffing, and programmatic activities continued throughout the 1990s and into to the 2000s when, in 2003, ground was broken for the new Aldersgate Educational wing. A huge effort was undertaken, in part, for the benefit of the Aldersgate Day School and its children. In February 2005, the Aldersgate Day School moved into the new wing at Aldersgate UMC (and resided in both upstairs and downstairs classrooms while the existing educational wing was beautifully remodeled). By September 2005, the Aldersgate Day School was set up as it is currently configured.
Currently, Aldersgate Day School has an enrollment of 170 children, 16 class offerings, and 35 teachers and staff. We are so proud of our rick history and the opportunities we have been given to be agents of God's love through the educational process. It's so amazing to be able to serve so many children and their families within and outside of our community!
Aldersgate Day School is fully licensed by the state of Virginia (without the religious exemption) and is regularly inspected by State representatives to ensure compliance with all state regulations.


(instrumental - fiddles, pump organ, jews harp, dulcimers, cello)
19th century dulcimers played on the Sackett's Harbor recording.
Sackett's Harbor is an audio trip to a time when the Saturday night dance was the highlight of every little town in Western New York State; to a time when the fiddler kept the music going all evening; to a time that seems both more innocent and more vigorous than today. Music historian Jim Kimball has spent years interviewing traditional performers and studying early tune-books, local manuscripts, newspaper accounts, dance cards, and diaries. With five other performers, he recreates the typical sounds of rural ensembles that played a broad range of regional dance tunes. The instruments, all built in the nineteenth century and played in upstate New York, are as remarkable as the arrangements. Sackkett's Harbor has and authenticity of sound that cannot be found elsewhere. This music style is the direct antecedent of modern string-band and bluegrass. Sackett's Harbor is the title of a favorite tune that accompanies a regional contra-dance, which, in turn, takes its name from the War of 1812 battle site on Lake Ontario. The companion tune book, a hefty 54 pages, contains all of the tunes, an extensive bibliography, the background of each tune, and comparison versions. Sackett's Harbor is the title of a favorite tune that accompanies a popular contra-dance, which, in turn, takes its name from the War of 1812 battle site on Lake Ontario."Sackett's Harbor is the perfect musical accompaniment for our story of restoring a pioneer barn. Listening to the music of Sackett's Harbor is like stepping back 200 years. It is a treasure." ~ Gary Bradley, Genoa Historical Association, Kings Ferry, New York
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Robert J. Bobb Stadium at Hyames Field
LF-310 (top of fence measures 16')
Robert J. Bobb, chief executive officer of Cardinal Growth L.P. and a 1969 WMU alumnus, committed $1 million to the renovations of WMU’s home facility, which was formerly dedicated as Robert J. Bobb Stadium at Hyames Field on May 14, 2011.
Over $2 million went into the project which included grandstand restoration, the installation of chair-back seating (400), construction of new walkways, dugouts, press box, two VIP suites, bathrooms and concession area. New fencing was also installed throughout the entire park, including the down the base lines and in the outfield. Construction began in 2008 and was completed in the fall of 2010. Signage and commemorative markings are also placed throughout the venue.
The stadium is divided into eight seating sections, which also bears the name of major donors to the project. The sections are as follows: (A) James Moeller, (B) Philip S. Denenfeld, (C) Ed Rossi, (D) 1955 Bronco Baseball Team, (E) Wayne LeNeave, (F) Demetral Family, (G) Ron Jackson and (H) Bill Lajoie. The 1955 team collectively raised over $100,000 in support of the stadium renovation project. Many of these were "Diamond Club" members, a group of 27 individuals and families who made donations of at least 10K.
On May 14, 2013, the Brett Freed Player's Lounge was dedicated at Robert J. Bobb Stadium, which is under the grandstand on the home third base dugout side. The lounge features a large flat screen TV, sound system, kitchenette, athletic training area and other amenities.
The playing field is named after former head baseball coach and Athletic Director Judson Hyames and was dedicated in the spring of 1939. Hyames coached at WMU from 1922-36, posting a 166-62-2 record during his 15-year tenure. He served as the school’s Athletic Director from 1937 until his death in 1949.
Carved out of a hill alongside Stadium Drive, Hyames Field was able to offer a unique playing environment. Features include hill banks down both foul lines, in particular the right field side, which is an open grassy knoll popular with spectators. Construction on the venue began in 1934 as a $250,000 Federal Works Project that also included the construction of Waldo Stadium (football).
Among the features at Hyames are an electronic scoreboard, long dugouts, a padded backstop, an outfield warning track and three batting cages.
The site was the home of the first two College World Series in 1947 and 1948. The 1947 CWS featured two famous players. The game saw eventual American League "Most Valuable Player" Jackie Jensen playing outfield for California. Patrolling first base for Yale that afternoon was future U.S. President George H.W. Bush.
1947 & 1948 College World Series at Hyames Field


Sep 20, 2020
Margaret Steele talks about the first woman magician in the United States, Adelaide Herrmann. Learn about her determination to keep the show running. Hear how Margaret discovered the long lost memoir.
Want to support the Society of American Magicians? Visit www.magicsam.com to join.
Send in your story ideas to email@example.com


Charmaine: vintage 4x10 photo. The photo has faint crop lines on it, because it was used to create a 1940 newspaper piece
Charmaine was a burlesque headliner, but in 1943 she would change her stage name to Christine Ayres and become the principal dancer for the 1943 and 1944 Ziegfeld Follies.
Winnie Garrett aka. “The Flaming Redhead”..
Eleanor Ames in Stockings & Heels
Scan sourced from ebay: “newenglandpinupsandmore”
Roberta Jonay: Vintage 8x10 photo dated 19 June 1941 promoting her appearance in a show called “The Continental Revue”.
Peaches (Mildred Strange) - The Queen of Quiver: vintage 8x10 photo
Mildred Strange was raised in Texas, by her uncle, a methodist minister. When a teen, Mildred ran away from home and joined a traveling burlesque show. Apparently the showbusiness life-style agreed with her, because under the stage name Peaches, she became a “Minsky’s Girl” and one of the top billes burlesque dancers of her time.
Jean Carroll: vintage 8x10
Jean was born Mary Henrici in Toledo, OH in 1916. Jean and her sister JoAnn were both vaudeville and burlesque dancers, and they would often do a tandem strip-tease. JoAnn retired from burlesque in approximately 1936, but Jean continued on in burlesque until 1964.
She is not the same “Jean Carroll” that was a popular comedienne in the 50’s, even briefly having her own TV show. That Jean Carroll was born Celine Zeigman in 1911 in Paris, France.
Kay Aldridge in a publicity still for DuBarry Was a Lady, 1943.


Why Chocolate on Valentine’s Day?
Valentine’s Day is just around the corner and you’ve failed to come up with a creative gift. Your fallback? A box of chocolates.
For decades this popular candy has been a favorite companion on February 14. But while the chocolate industry currently makes a whole lot of money off of this well-loved (or highly reviled) holiday — a whopping 58 million pounds of the sweet stuff is bought the week of V-day — it hasn’t always been the go-to gift.
All Hail St. Valentine!
Before you get the 411 on Valentine’s long-standing love affair with chocolate, it’s important to know the origin of this February holiday. No — it wasn’t created by Hallmark (although the greeting card industry does love it), but dubbed in honor of Saint Valentine.
There are several myths behind the woman: One suggests she was a priestess put to death after defying Empress Claudius II by marrying lovers in secret despite Claudius outlawing marriage for single women; another poses she was killed for helping Christians escape Roman prisons.
Some believe that February 14 was chosen in honor of her death (which probably occurred somewhere between 200-300 A.D.). Others think the date was picked in order to “Christianize” the pagan fertility festival, Lupercalia. A third group posits that the 14 was chosen because mid-February is when bird mating season begins. Regardless, some time in the late 400s the Pope officially declared the day St. Valentines.
Chocolate is For Lovers
Well before the Christians were trying to nail down their holiday schedule, the Mayans and Aztecs discovered chocolate. Yes folks, it was almost two thousand years ago when the cocoa bean became a prized grocery item in Latin America.
According to Gourmet, it was Queen Montezuma’s belief that the sweet stuff was an aphrodisiac (she sipped it before canoodling with her harem) that not only made it popular, but gave it an association with romance.
Commoners used the cocoa bean as money — and thus the idea of “gifting” chocolate was born. But chocolate’s popularity really took hold in the 1700s when Christopher Columbus brought it (and its legend) back to Europe. The elite were ravenous for its delicious taste and scandalous mythical qualities.
The brou-ha-ha died down in the early 1800s when the Cadbury Sisters began packaging and selling the candy to mainstream consumers. And then in 1861, they sealed its fate as the go-to gift for lovers, by putting out the first heart-shaped box of chocolates.
Goat Hides and Greeting Cards
Prior to exchanging chocolates, teddy bears and even bouquets of flowers, the most romantic day of the year was honored by sacrificing a goat and then slapping men with its hide to make them fertile.
Yes, Lupercalia, Valentine’s predecessor was less about warm fuzzies and more about promoting procreation.
The holiday’s practical tone gained a little more whimsy in the Middle Ages when people began exchanging flowers and love notes. Card-giving — quite possibly the most popular Valentine’s gesture — is credited to Charles, Duke of Orleans. In 1415, the imprisoned Duke wrote a love letter to her husband. The practice picked up in the 16th century, although manufactured greetings didn’t appear until the 18th century.
While these simple gestures are still popular today, modern Valentine’s gifts range from romantic homemade meals to diamond jewelry.
And in a pinch, a box of chocolates.
All right, tell us in the comments: What’s your favorite chocolate gift to give–or to receive?


You’re dead. It’s cool, you’re used to it by this point. But once upon a time, you were alive. Where?
The vast majority of the undead are humans from the old kingdom of Lordaeron. While others do exist (there are a small but measurable number of high elves who became undead, and some humans or dwarves from other kingdoms may also have been afflicted) the overwhelming majority of the undead are the former subjects of King Terenas Menethil II.
Lordaeron was mostly an agrarian society, with the majority of its citizens being farmers of various descriptions. However, no society is so monolithic as to only have one profession available for everyone. Other lives were available. Below is a list of places where a Forsaken may have lived, along with notes about how you may have lived, and how you most likely died.
Brill, Tirisfal Glades.
History: Brill is one of the first villages you encounter if you play a Forsaken in World of Warcraft, and it was one of the first villages found by Arthas as well when he was investigating the plague. At this time it was a small town based on agriculture (you can find the farms to the North of Brill) and owing loyalty to the House of Barov, who owned the land there. As such, the majority of its citizens were farmers and shopkeepers of various types. Rural and wide-open, someone who grew up in Brill is likely to be something of a ‘country boy’ or ‘country girl’, used to dealings with a small group of people you know well. Anonymity is an unusual concept to someone from Brill; your shopkeep was also your neighbour.
Possible professions include: Farmer, local constable, seamstress, blacksmith, leatherworker, village priest, innkeeper.
Destruction and Death: Brill was the first place the Burning Legion and Kel’thuzad began experimenting with the plague to see how effective it would be. A quiet plague swept through the outer reaches of the village, affecting those on the farms surrounding the town proper. Isolated and alone, these people died and returned as zombies. However, the intervention of Arthas and the destruction of the plagued granary saw the town survive this initial attack. It would only be later, when Arthas declared himself king and slaughted his people, that Brill was finally destroyed. As such, an undead from Brill could well have been one of the first undead of the Scourge, or could have seen the entire story of Arthas’s fall, and experienced the horrors of his betrayal.
Andorhal, Western Plaguelands
History: Andorhal was one of the largest towns of Lordaeron, a bustling town of merchants based on the fact that it was a crucial shipping point for grain throughout the empire. As such, it had a booming economy and was able to support a very wide variety of people. Unfortunately, this also made it the crux of the Scourge’s plans. If you want your Forsaken to have had a more specialised career, this is probably your best bet. Your average citizen of Andorhal was used to a small town urban existence; they were used to bustle and a very large number of people moving through whom you’d never see again. There was probably a real ‘insider’ mentality against the numerous visitors, who probably made up half the population at any one time.
Possible professions include: Farmer (Andorhal did have farms to its north), merchant, banker, teacher, clockmaker, toymaker, craftsman, innkeeper, small time criminal or con man (visiting merchants were definitely good marks), blacksmith, town priest, doctor.
Destruction and Death: As noted, Andorhal was a key point for the Scourge to take early on, however, once the grain had been shipped out from its silos, it lost importance. Arthas fought and slew Kel’thuzad here, and most of the town was saved. Your forsaken character may well remember the battle. Like Brill, it was only destroyed when Arthas returned and put it to the sword himself.
Hearthglen, Western Plaguelands
History: Hearthglen has one of the proudest histories of any town in Lordaeron. A military town (one of the few that never fell to the orcs during the Second War) it was supported by a mix of local farmers, metalsmiths and soldiers. The town was not quite as large as Andorhal, but it was not just a small village like Brill. As such, it has a fairly urban lifestyle, but probably a more ordered and governed one than the freewheeling merchant-town that Andorhal was, with less mess, more rules, and of course more soldiers. (Remember that military towns tend to be occupied by family members of serving soldiers, so there’s a pervasive reach of military ethics even outside of barracks.) Hearthglen is probably the best location to die in if you want your character to have been a soldier in life.
Possible professions include: Soldier, farrmer (yes, again), blacksmith/armorer, innkeeper, military chaplain, entertainer, ‘entertainer’.
Destruction and death: Continuing the pattern with the last three, Hearthglen was hit hard by the Scourge in the first wave of the plague, and then destroyed by Arthas after his ascension to the throne. However, unlike the others, Hearthglen was more hit by the Scourge than the plague; Arthas arrived here before the plague did and mounted a heroic effort to hold off a massive wave of Scourge zombies and liches. This is likely a terrifying memory for anyone who lived here – And the betrayal of Arthas later likely stung all the more. As such, Hearthglen has a terrific combination of trained soldiers and bitter desire for vengeance; it’s a fantastic choice if you want to really explore the Forsaken/Scourge division.
Stratholme, Eastern Plaguelands.
History: The ‘second city’ of Lordaeron, Stratholme was a shining jewel of Lordaeron, second only to the capital itself. Originally built on the edge of Darrowmere Lake, this was a drilling town, the chief supplier of oil to the kingdom. As such, it was a tempting target for orcs in the Second War, and indeed it was destroyed by them. However, the people did not give up on it, and rebuilt the city further inland. It’s a classic industry city, different to the more cosmopolitan Lordaeron City; more gritty and tough. (Think Manchester vs. London, or Detroit vs. New York.) This isn’t to say you couldn’t play a more artistic type from there (New Wave came out of Manchester, Motown out of Detroit) but it none the less was a city of workers. If you came from here, you’re likely comfortable with getting your hands dirty.
Possible professions include: Guardsman, metalworker, old driller, refinery worker, shopkeeper, priest, teacher, leatherworker, innkeeper, doctor, lawyer or judge.
Destruction and death: Stratholme marks the point where the cities began to be destroyed on the first run through, rather than Arthas’s return. As is well known, Arthas found Stratholme only after it was truly plague-infected, and raised the city to the ground, murdering thousands rather than wait for them to turn into the undead. If you died here, it was almost certainly due to either the plague (and being thrown straight into battle with Arthas) or, more likely, murdered by the very soldiers you expected to protect you. While this may provide a very nasty hatred of Arthas and the Scourge, it could as easily manifest as a distrust of all authorities.
Darrowshire, Eastern Plaguelands
History: A small town nestled in the mountains in South-East Lordaeron. Not a great deal is known about its activities before the Third War, although given its location and the hardiness of the residents, I’m willing to guess at it having been a mining town. More isolated than Brill, this may well have been a creepy town even before the Scourge’s arrival, and I’m willing to guess at a large amount of paranoia about outsiders, at least. None the less, these people put up one of the toughest fights the Scourge got in Lordaeron.
Possible professions include: Miner, machinist, innkeeper, town priest.
Destruction and death: Eventually, the forces of the Scourge found Darrowshire. While early attacks were fairly half-hearted, the surprising resistance its fighters put up against them eventually merited greater attention. The Scourge sent out one of its most powerful monsters, Horgus the Ghoul, and one of its most clever leaders a Death Knight named Marduk. Lordaeron in turn sent paladins lead by a town local, Davil Crokford. Eventually, however, the battle was lost when foul magics corrupted the leader of the town’s militia, turning him into a force of destruction. The Scourge overtook the town, and all died.
Corin’s Crossing, Eastern Plaguelands
History: Probably the most prosperous farming town in Lordaeron, Corin’s Crossing was known as the “Breadbasket of Lordaeron”. As such, it was a fine target for the plague, and it fell swiftly as the plague spread.
Possible professions include: Farmer, local constable, seamstress, blacksmith, leatherworker, town priest, innkeeper.
Destruction and death: We honestly don’t know a lot about it, but if the grain was infected before it reached Andorhal (which seems likely) then Corin’s Crossing is the most likely infection point for the entire kingdom. It seems likely the town died to the plague and the zombies that arose from the plague. It’s a classic small town horror scenario.
Tyr’s Hand, Eastern Plaguelands.
History: A fortified military town in the North-East of Lordaeron, Tyr’s Hand was founded by religious pilgrims of the Holy Light, beset by Forest Trolls. It was a very religious town, but also a bustling centre of commerce: It was the main point of trade between Lordaeron and the high elven kingdom of Quel’thalas. It was thus most likely a very strong town for academia as well; I imagine a strong number of religious schools as well as a great deal of cultural and intellectual exchange with the nearby high elves. The interplay of strong religious faith and powerful magic from the elves probably also created a very interesting place to live.
Possible professions include: Priest, altar boy, minor religious officer, merchant, shopkeeper, diplomat to the Quel’dorei, mage, interpreter, teacher, scribe.
Destruction? None. Tyr’s hand was attacked but never fell to the Scourge, however, the constant attacks, the destruction of Quel’thalas and the subsequent collapse of its economy pretty much signalled the death of the town anyway. Many people likely fled the town anyway under the attacks, hoping for safety in either Stratholme or the capital. Any of them could have died in the journey and become undead.
Caer Darrow, Western Plaguelands.
History: Caer Darrow is one of the oldest places in Lordaeron and was the seat of the House of Barov, the most wealthy family in Lordaeron who weren’t royalty. The Barovs owned land from Hillsbrad through to this spot. Citizens here lived in the shadow of (both literally and figuratively) the Keep of Darrow. There would have been an eclectic mix of farmers around the keep who worked the land owned by the Barovs, and artisans who created materials for them. Yet the constant paranoia about the strange Barov family likely made it a terrifying place to live.
Possible professions: Artist, farmer, sculptor, potter, cleaner, maid.
Death and Destruction: Hoo boy. Here’s what happened: The Barovs, greedy for power, cut a deal with Kel’thuzad. The resulting deal saw the town turned over to them for foul experiments and torture, while the keep became Scholomance. Truth be told, there aren’t likely many Forsaken from Caer Darrow, because nobody got out. If you were from Caer Darrow, you likely fled the town before the worst happened. Head over to the surroundings of Scholomance and talk to the ghosts for the full story, it’s one of the most genuinely horrific touches in the World of Warcraft.
Lordaeron City, Tirisfal Glades
History: The jewel of the human empire, Lordaeron (the city, but also the name of the Kingdom) was built as a city of kings, where thewars and possessiveness could be put aside in favour of higher thought and expression. While it was originally heavily dominated by industry, the original vision of the lords who built it was finally realised as the industrial needs of the nation shifted toward Stratholme, and the city was constantly built greater and ever more grand. This was a city of philosophers, political thinkers and artists; it had a distinct lean toward the cosmopolitan and free-thinking. Those humans who lived in it were used to a very high level of population density and a wild diversity of opinion and lifestyle; a genuine Renaissance city. It was also the political hub of the empire, ruled by a king but with significant input from local lords and magistrates, with a lot of wheeling and dealing behind the scenes.
Possible professions: Any number of artists or musicians, philosopher, politician, political aide, spy, innkeeper, shopkeeper, merchant, doctor, priest, teacher.
Destruction and death: After facing innumerable assaults from the Scourge, all repelled, the city rejoiced when Arthas Menethil, its crown prince, returned victorious over the Scourge’s leaders.
He slaughtered his own father in his court.
And the murder began.
(Lordaeron City is, of course, now the Undercity. Next up, Silverpine, Hillsbrad, and the unknown!)


It may be hard to believe, but it’s now been a decade since Scott Forstall was fired from Apple. Forstall was replaced by Craig Federighi on October 29, 2012, although he stayed on as a cursory adviser for about six months after that.
Here’s a look at what happened…and what happened next.
Mapping the disappearance of Forstall
Forstall was one of Steve Jobs’ closest allies at Apple. They lunched and worked together constantly. But after the death of Steve Jobs in 2011, rumors began to circulate that Forstall was not particularly popular in the executive ranks. Many saw Forstall as mimicking Jobs’ ego and quick to deflect blame. In particular, Forstall was said to have been in conflict with Jony Ive, the head of industrial design, to such an extent that they had refused to take meetings together.
While Forstall was known to be hated (at least at the executive level, many who pointed him out posted entirely positive praise of his leadership in the years that followed), the iPhone and iOS were booming, and Forstall’s political credit as the face of Apple’s mobile software division seemed somewhat insurmountable. He might not have many friends in the management team, but it was hard to deny his team’s results. However, then came September 2012 and the launch of iOS 6.
iOS 6 included an all-new Maps app, using Apple data and mapping, replacing Google Maps as the stock maps app on the phone. The launch was a widespread disaster. Apple Maps data sources were largely incorrect or incomplete. Navigation was unreliable and the fancy 3D city flyover feature had model rendering issues for many landmarks. Apple Maps was making national headlines for all the wrong reasons. Some joked that Apple only tested it in California (this actually turned out to be half true). Just a week after the release of iOS 6, Apple issued an open letter of apology admitting that the quality of Maps was not up to par. The letter even urged customers to download third-party map apps such as MapQuest and Waze.
This open letter was signed by Tim Cook. It was reported in major newspapers like the New York Times that Cook had wanted Forstall to sign the letter, but Forstall had refused as he felt the complaints about Maps were exaggerated. Cook saw the refusal to accept responsibility as the straw that broke the camel’s back and decided it was finally time for Forstall to leave.
The significant executive team shake-up was made public in a press release titled “Apple Announces Changes to Increase Collaboration Across Hardware, Software and Services.”
Craig Federighi would assume ownership of all of Apple’s operating systems, iOS and OS X (now known as macOS). Eddy Cue has been assigned Siri and Maps. Jony Ive would take control of the human interface group, in addition to material design.
John Browett also left at the same time
Although the departure of Scott Forstall made headlines, John Browett, SVP of Apple Retail, was also fired at the same time. His retail reign was a disaster, going from hired to fired in the same calendar year. Notably, he implemented a new retail hiring formula that minimized the hours of part-timers (and some layoffs) across the board, ostensibly in an effort to cut costs. The impact on employee satisfaction and customer experience in stores was immediate. By August, Apple had rolled back the policy entirely, and the public relations group released a statement openly describing the changes as a mistake. In total, his nomination was announced in January 2012, started work in April and was ousted in October – lasting just seven months in the role.
Jony Ive’s elevated role directly led to the introduction of the flat design aesthetic into Apple’s software. Almost as soon as I took over, he started working on the iOS 7 design system.
The skeuomorphic objects and richly detailed textures of Apple apps were replaced with white backgrounds, line art icons, and buttons so simplified they were only distinguishable by color, devoid of any kind of border or background. Engineering teams would bring the biggest visual change to iOS on a very accelerated development schedule.
The first (bugged) beta version of iOS 7 was delivered in June 2013, at WWDC. The reception of iOS 7 was controversial; some loved it, others hated it. iOS 7 arguably caught up with broader industry trends, but overshot the mark. Future revisions of iOS saw the gradual return of things like borders around buttons, some shadows, and softer, rounded iconography with thicker lineweights and default fonts.
To its credit, Apple invested heavily in Maps to make up for the initial mess of the rollout. They invested and hired worldwide to advance their mapping technologies, including one of its first major engineering bases in India. Early versions of Maps brought together data from partners like TomTom. In 2018, Apple disclosed that it was rebuilding Maps from the ground up and creating a new data layer that it wholly owned, a major undertaking that included running its own fleets of ground truth vans. This rollout was well received and Apple Maps is competitive with Google Maps in many ways these days. Notably, Maps has remained under Cue’s purview since the 2012 revamp, but Siri monitoring has ping-ponged around various groups – and arguably seen much less progress.
It took Apple a while to find a replacement for the retail SVP. He picked up Angela Ahrendts in 2014, who helped unify Apple’s online and physical experiences and worked with Ive to introduce major design changes to retail stores. Some of Ahrendt’s ambitions – to turn Apple stores into city squares – have not been so successful, though the bulk continues with the various Today at Apple sessions. Ahrendts left in 2019, replaced by Apple veteran Deirdre O’Brien.
Forstall himself kept a low profile in the years that followed. He privately invested in some tech startups and was named an advisor to Snapchat around 2015. He apparently focused on philanthropic efforts and helped produce a handful of Broadway plays. It surfaced for the tenth anniversary of the iPhone, in a television interview with the Computer History Museum.
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Public Information Statement
Statement as of 6:00 am CDT on May 22, 2013
... On this date in weather history...
May 22nd is a date that is notorious for horrific
tornadoes. In 2011... the catastrophic Joplin tornado
roared into history. The enormous EF5 tornado killed
160... making it the seventh deadliest in United States
history and the deadliest since the Southern Plains
tri-state tornado of April 9th... 1947 that killed 181.
About a third of Joplin was destroyed by the 7 mile
long... three quarter mile wide tornado. The destruction
drawing the greatest attention was to Saint John's
medical center where 6 were killed... and to Joplin High
School. The massive vortex lasted 38 minutes from 534 PM
to 612 PM. Many houses were leveled or swept from their
foundations. Damage estimates were around $2.8 billion.
An estimated 1,000 were injured. In 1987... tragedy
struck Saragosa Texas when an F4 tornado virtually wiped
the tiny extreme West Texas town... located about 120
miles east of El Paso... right off the map. The tornado
possessed a track only 3 miles long... but its placement
and timing were horrific. As it entered the west side of
town... the vortex quickly reached just over one half mile
wide. It leveled or destroyed 85 percent of the town.
Vehicles were hurled as far as 900 yards... some of which
were thrown into houses. Of the town's 183
residents... 30 were killed and 121 were injured. The
totals accounted for 82 percent of the town's population.
Of the fatalities... 22 occurred at a head start
graduation ceremony for 4 year Olds. Some of the
fatalities were infants... but most were adults who were
protecting their children. The Saragosa tornado is the
9th deadliest in Texas history. In 2004... the widest
tornado roared into the record books when an F4
monstrosity hit Hallam Nebraska 25 miles southwest of
Lincoln. The path reached an incredible 2.5 miles wide
along a path that was 54 miles long and lasted for 1 hour
and 20 minutes! Considering the track and lifespan... its
surprising that there was only one fatality but 37 were
In 1960... the most powerful earthquake in history
erupted approximately 100 miles off the coast of chile
directly west of valdivia. The ultra mega earthquake
registered a moment magnitude of 9.5 but was preceded by
very powerful earthquakes on the 21st that had moment
magnitudes reaching as high as 7.9 that devastated
Concepcion. The earthquake ruptured a 560-620 mile
segment of the nasca plate which had subducted under the
South American plate. The catastrophic quake triggered
tsunami that traveled across the Pacific to as far away
as Japan... the Philippines and Australia. The highest
tsunami reached around 80 feet that slammed into that
part of the coast bounded by the ports of lebu and Puerto
aisen.A 35-foot tsunami slammed into Hilo
Hawaii... 6,200 miles distant... some 15 hours later where
61 were killed in the middle of the night. It was the
first tsunami for which warnings had been issued.
Anywhere from 1,850 to 2,000 people were killed of which
1,655 were in chile.


|lawang sewu semarang|
History of the Lawang Sewu
|the outside of the building Lawang Sewu|
|room doors Lawang Sewu|
The head office of the new NIS is a large 2-storey building shaped " L " designed by JF Klinkhamer and Ouendag in style Renaissance Revival. Residents Semarang gave him the name " Lawang Sewu " ( a thousand doors ), referring to the door the door very much , which is an effort of the architect to build a modern office building in accordance with the tropical climate of Semarang. All building materials imported from Europe except brick, natural stone and teak wood.
Mystery About Noni ( Dutch ) in the Lawang Sewu
Mystery story late emergence noni Dutch started when Japanese troops stormed the building began in the reign of the Netherlands, making it as one of the Japanese army base retreat. At that time the Japanese soldiers to rape occurred around 20 noni ( woman ) from the Netherlands. They say all of this comprises 10 noni virgin and 10 already wedlock. Having satisfied his desire to channel the Japanese soldiers behead 20 noni. From there, the mystical often appear late noni around Lawang Sewu begin.
tag: historical tour, all about Semarang, holiday in Semarang, Lawang Sewu tourist, tourist map in Semarang, visit Indonesia 2014 , Semarang tour travel


Miami Heat Hoop Troop waves around huge Heat logo to try and get people on they're feet. The Hoop troop is responsible for the entertainment of the people when the players aren't on the court.
Miami in Black & White
February 28, 2020
The Freedom Tower stands tall after serving its purpose from 1962 to 1974. It was known as the "Ellis Island of the South," for offering nationally sanctioned relief to the Cuban refugees.


Roman law was heavily influenced by Greek philosophy, but its detailed rules were developed by professional jurists and were highly sophisticated.Over the centuries between the rise and decline of the Roman Empire, law was adapted to cope with the changing social situations and underwent major codification under Theodosius II and Justinian I.Although codes were replaced by custom and case law during the Dark Ages, Roman law was rediscovered around the 11th century when medieval legal scholars began to research Roman codes and adapt their concepts. Latin legal maxims (called brocards) were compiled for guidance. In medieval England, royal courts developed a body of precedent which later became the common law. A Europe-wide Law Merchant was formed so that merchants could trade with common standards of practice rather than with the many splintered facets of local laws. The Law Merchant, a precursor to modern commercial law, emphasised the freedom to contract and alienability of property.As nationalism grew in the 18th and 19th centuries, the Law Merchant was incorporated into countries’ local law under new civil codes.


A Secret Weapon For Knee Scooter in Monroeville AL 36460
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Old Claiborne Pilgrimage to explore antebellum sites this weekend
The Old Claiborne Pilgrimage, which takes place Saturday and Sunday, Oct. 13-14, will include guided tours of "several rarely-seen, private antebellum plantation homes, early churches, and sites of hi...
The Lindy’s Football Report for Week Seven is up!
6 a.m. Huntsville, AL WZZN 97.7 Fri. 11:30 a.m. Jackson, AL WHOD 94.1 Fri. 6:30 p.m. Mobile, AL WNSP 105.5 Sat. 8:15 a.m. Monroeville, AL WMFC 99.3/1360 Thurs. 6 p.m. Montgomery/Selma, AL WDXX 100.1 F...
Men's Basketball Adds Two For 2018-19 Season
Mack, originally from Tallahassee, Fla, most recently competed at Coastal Alabama Monroeville and will have two years left to pay. Hunt, originally from Chicago, Ill., last played at Rend Lake College ...
Old Claiborne Pilgrimage helps preserve Monroe Co. historic structures
Reservation required. Featuring public and private historic sites in Perdue Hill, Gosport and Monroeville, Alabama. ADVANCED TICKETS will be available at the OLD COURTHOUSE MUSEUM on the square in dow...
Monroeville's Old Courthouse Museum houses spirits of authors Harper Lee, Truman Capote
She also accompanied Henry Bumstead, who visited Monroeville from Hollywood to research the town ... Their houses, which were located just a couple of blocks away on South Alabama Avenue, no longer ex...


History of the Court
The Court has a long history, since October of Meiji 28th Year during Japanese occupation (i.e., Guangxu 21st Year of Qing Dynasty or 1895A.D.).With the establishment of the “Court Structure of Taiwan Governor-General,” a court was set up in the Office of Governor-General.A branch court was founded in Tainan at the same time, with jurisdiction covering as north as Chiayi, Yunlin and as south as Fengshan, Penghu.The Court was renamed the “Taiwan Tainan District Court” after Taiwan’s recovery from Japanese occupation in 1945, and was under direct administrative supervision of Taiwan High Court according to the Law of Court Organization and the Restructured Procedural Regulations of District Courts.Then, as the Kaohsiung court, Chiayi court and Yunlin court were established in 1945, 1947 and 1964 respectively, the Court’s jurisdiction shrank to the boundary of TainanCounty and TainanCity.There are six administrative districts in Tainan City, namely East District, West Central District, South District, North District, Anping District and Annan District, while Tainan County covers two county-level Cities, 29 Townships with a total land area of 21,756,531sq. km. and a total population of 1.71 million.
he old Court building at Fucian Road was built in 1912A.D. during the Japanese occupation era.A plan to knock down the building was originally drawn up due to its long history and limited space, but the building was kept as a Level 2 Historic Monument.Consequently, relocation of the Court was proposed, and as the current location at Jiankang Road was sought, construction plan went actively underway, and budget for the purpose had been allocated annually since 1995.For the sake of effective utilization of resources, the Tainan Summary Court and General Court were incorporated in the same building.The new court, a 2-basement and 11-storey modern steel-structure office building, occupies a total land area of 39,060sq.m. (11,816 ping) and a total floor area of 59,651.83sq.m. (18,045 ping).The magnificent and grand edifice soon becomes one of the most representative court buildings in Taiwan.Design of the new building aims towards the next-generation court, where hardware and software reinforce each other, and the objective is to introduce the brand-new concept of a “humanistic, informatized, artistic, service-oriented” court.The Court is expected to manifest the new meaning of the next-generation court services with its eminent vision, socializing and civilianizing the court in order to provide humanistic services that are “user-friendly, respectful and people-oriented.”In addition, the ISO 9001:2000 international quality management system has been introduced to upgrade service quality of the court, making “law for the people” a realized concept.
- Release Date:2021-04-28


Where Amelia Earhart lived
WHERE EARHART LIVED: Allow me to tell you a bit about myself. I was born in Boston and grew up in Medford, Massachusetts. Some history buffs probably would already know this, but Medford is also a town where Amelia Earhart lived. In fact, her house is on the same street where I lived and grew up.
My family's next-door neighbor in Medford happened to be a good friend of Amelia Earhart's sister, Muriel Earhart Morrissey. I had a privilege to meet her in our neighbor's home. She even wrote a biography book, "Amelia Earhart, my courageous sister." Not only that, but she also gave a book to my family and signed it. From what I know, Muriel died in 1998. Thus, that means she spent more than 60 years wondering what happened to her sister. Nevertheless, her book is very detailed and I really enjoy reading it!


Edouard Philippe in Germany on January 10, attended the annual reception of the Cologne Chamber of Commerce and Industry. He received the famous Rosoli bottle of Farina Eau de Cologne, produced by the Waltersperger Glass and Crystal Works!
A very chic evening, a business and political evening too. Six hundred German business leaders were present, whom he convinced of France’s good health.
Napoleon always had with him a Rosoli bottle of Farina Eau de Cologne. He particularly appreciated the bottle, whose elongated shape allowed him to carry it everywhere. Moreover, the friction application of this sovereign water removed all fatigue. He also considered it to be the best of brain stimulants: the little story is that on the eve of each decisive engagement, the Emperor held one of these “slender green bottles, in pure proportion, within reach, on the work table where he was preparing his battle plan.
Jean-Marie Farina (late 17th early 18th century) was the creator in 1709 in Cologne of the oldest modern perfume house still in operation today. Farina’s cologne was an essential accessory for the court.


It can be overwhelming to know where to eat, drink, catch live music, shop and take in the history of New Orleans while you're in town for a few days. That's why we've done the research for you and put together this complete New Orleans guide.
As Chris Rose, one of the city’s most famous journalists, once said of his New Orleans, “We drink at funerals. We talk too much and live too large and, frankly, we’re suspicious of those who don't.”
With a truly unique combination of Cajun, Creole, French, Spanish, Caribbean, African, Italian and good ’ol Southern cuisines, New Orleans might be dubbed the food capital of the South, if not of all America. Along with food comes culture, tradition and histories of these various peoples, which has long made New Orleans an essential city for trade, industry, art and the mixing of everything.
Because of all this, for centuries, famous battles were fought here; countless notable authors, musicians and artists have lived and produced great works here; and various authentic cultures still thrive only on these marshlands.
So soak it all up while you’re down here for Connect Sports in August. Go ahead and live like a local for a little while. You’ll soon see why many folks never want to leave.


American Exhibition lobby of African Art, some bit of the Smithsonian Establishment, situated on the Shopping place in Washington, D.C.
In 1964 past American outside administration official Warren M. Robbins set up a subtly run display lobby of African Contemporary Art. At the Frederick Douglass House (by and by the Frederick Douglass National Notable Site) in Washington, D.C. In 1979 this show lobby turned out to be a bit of the Smithsonian Organization, and in 1981 it was renamed the National Gallery of African Workmanship. painting African art


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The rich history of Conductix-Wampfler started at the turn of the 20th century and continues confidently into the 21st century. The once-separate companies now operate as part of the internationally recognized Delachaux Group.
Delachaux S.A. was founded in France in 1902 as a supplier of tram electrification and automotive components. It is now a major global supplier of rail welding systems, rail components, electrification systems, chromium and special metals, magnetic systems, lastic injection moldings, and fiber optic cable machinery.
Insul-8 Corporation began in 1944 in San Carlos, California. Named after their new invention, “Insulated 8-Bar”, the company was an important contributor to crane electrification safety. 8-Bar quickly became the industry standard. In 1958, Insul-8 introduced “Hevi-Bar” which was designed to electrify container cranes, large factory cranes, and transit systems. By the 1970s, Insul-8 had subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Insul-8 created the first stainless steel capped aluminum rail, which has been used for many well known installations, such as the Disney monorail, San Diego Zoo people mover, and the Las Vegas monorail. Insul-8 has produced over 30 million meters of conductor rail used all over the globe! In 1976, Insul-8 was acquired by the Delachaux Group.
Industrial Electric Reels
Industrial Electric Reels was founded in 1945 as a division of Industrial Electric Works - in Omaha, NE. IER had great success with their first product - the hand-rewind “Port-O-Reel” - and later expanded into other cable reeling equipment. IER held several patents for spring reel and slip ring designs and unique industrial machinery - including the first machine to make “wavy” potato chips! IER slip rings were adapted to other types of rotating machines and soon IER became a leading supplier of industrial slip rings. IER grew to become a major supplier of motorized cable reeling systems to the marine, mining, aero-space, and general industrial markets. In 1975, IER was also acquired by the Delachaux Group. The company moved from downtown Omaha location to its present location at 10102 F Street, which now serves as the headquarters for Conductix-Wampfler USA. In 1987 Delachaux bought the French Cefilac Company and began incorporating the rugged Cefilac magnetic coupler into motorized reels at their IER facility. In 1997, the brand name “Industrial Electric Reels” was consolidated with the Insul-8 name. In 2006, Delachaux’s electrification companies worldwide were merged under a new, global name - CONDUCTIX.
In 2007, Delachaux more than doubled the size of the Conductix operations by acquiring Wampfler AG (Weil am Rhein, Germany). Wampfler was founded in a small Loerrach, Germany facility in 1959 initially making rubber crane bumpers. The newly formed company rapidly expanded into other crane components, such as cable festoons, conductor bar systems, and reels. By 1963, the company had moved to Weil am Rhein and grew to become the leading supplier of electrification systems in Germany. It expanded internationally in 1974 with the founding of Wampfler Inc USA in Florence, KY. By 1978 it developed the first motor-driven festoon systems and the company opened its first office in Asia. By the late 1990’s Wampfler became the leading supplier of electrification systems to the world’s container crane market. In 1996, the company acquired the rights to build a revolutionary new type of "contactless” power supply system: “IPT” (Inductive Power Transfer). IPT powers many famous amusement park rides and powers material handling systems in many modern factories.
After Delachaux acquired Wampfler AG, and largely due to the reputation of the Wampfler brand name, the company’s Conductix division was renamed “Conductix-Wampfler” - a move which launched “the new leader” in energy and data transmission systems. The Conductix-Wampfler Division is now the largest global producer of systems and equipment for transferring energy and data for applications such as cranes and other material handling equipment, people movers, light rail systems, amusement rides, and many types of automated machines. The recently united Conductix-Wampfler has one critical mission: To provide energy and data transmission systems that will keep your vital operations running 24/7/365. Our rugged, low-maintenance products have been proven over time in the most demanding industrial environments and are backed by a combined worldwide sales and service network unmatched in our industry.
Conductix-Wampfler – We Move Your Business!


The Man Who Fell To Earth
(1918 – 1982)
RAF Pilot and Squadron Leader
He was a friend of Dickie's and that was always good enough for me, both members of a fraternity (85 Squadron) that is all but gone now. Like the Hole in the Wall Gang in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid they belong to a different age, one overtaken by a modern world which replaced the horse drawn cart with petrol powered motors and the propeller with jet engines.
Albert. It's not a romantic name; a bit too Victorian, too bowler hat, for a young man who embraced so unreservedly the new craze, as it was then, of flying. For a man accustomed to wearing an aviator's helmet and often enough to carrying and using a parachute (a piece of kit that would save his life on more than one occasion). A barnstormer unafraid to take the fight to the enemy, to pitch his aircraft into the most hostile of skies.
He had the right to be called ace but that would have been too pretentious, too ironic. So he acquired the nick name "Zulu", in recognition of his South African origins. A fitting name for the bravest of warriors.
Ace In A Day! And not just once but twice. Shooting down at least five enemy aircraft in a single day. He would have been modest about that in an age when you didn't brag — or shoot a line, as they called it — about your achievements. It just wasn't done. Bad form that could easily translate into bad luck, and no pilot wanted that following him into the air.
And like Dickie he was a Hurricane pilot, guiding that most robust of aircraft through the aerial storms that came and went in the summer of 1940, his aircraft a more redoubtable shield than the one offered by the faster but more delicate Spitfire.
Try as I might, I couldn't find a picture of him frowning into the camera. It can only have been a love of flying, or the absurdity of a handful of pilots taking on the might of the Luftwaffe, that kept the gloom at bay. And in the middle of the Battle of Britain there would have been plenty to scowl about. The odds, never favourable, of surviving a scramble, of evading the bullets and rocket shells of Goering’s airborne death squads.
But live he did, and not just through the Battle of Britain but through its predecessor the Battle of France (often flying back to England in a badly damaged Hurri). And then on to overseas service in Ceylon (Sri Lanka): a grass airfield in the middle of the jungle, where yet again he took a tumble in the air, falling back to earth to survive fever and injury.
Shot down in flames repeatedly — a bail out specialist who would only abandon his plane when both plane and pilot were in extremis — he always went back to his squadron, even after he was badly burned and blind for two weeks. What made him do it? Honour? Duty? Most certainly; but also the call of the sky. The siren song of the deep.
The destroyer of Messerschmitts. And Heinkels. And Junkers. A slayer of dragons in an age when that meant something. When dragons still existed in a dying age of gallantry, before they morphed into demons.
He was the golem that enemy pilots tried hard to avoid. One of the few who lived to tell of his adventures. The man who fell to Earth and lived to walk away. To climb back into his Hurricane and take to the skies again.


Leather History and Uses
Have you ever been interested in where leather originated from and how it is processed? There are many things out there on leather history and the process of making leather. Leather goods served many purposes in ancient times and leather also serves many purposes in the day and time. There are also methods of processing leather, such as the method of tanning leather. Some things have changed in the processing of leather in todays time then how it was processed in ancient times. Ancient Times: The earliest records date from the Paleolithic period on the use of leather. In ancient times leather was used for many things in peoples lives. Leather clothing served great proposes for harsh winters. Ancient times people would use the leather clothing to keep their bodies warm during these harsh winters. These people would use the leather as a source of clothing do to the weight and stability of the leather. The leather clothing was lighter and stronger then the fur clothing that the ancient people were accustoms to in their lives. This made leather very suitable to use for every day clothing use. The only draw back to using leather was the process of making it. Leather took a long time and skill to process the leather material. Leather Uses: There were many uses for leather in the ancient times and also in todays time. Leather was being used as everyday clothing. Where in todays time it is used as everyday clothing and also for fashion. Leather was used for body armor in the ancient times, for when the people would go off to war. They would use the leather material for weapons such as slings or bows. Leather material was used for boots and riding saddles back in the old west. It is still being used for this type of equipment in todays day and age. The ancient people of history would use leather material for hunting accessories. Another use for leather material back in history was for paper. They would use the leather material a writing surface. Leather Processing: Leather processing has change over the years, but there are still some things that cannot be out done from back in history. Back in history they would first immerse the raw hides and skins in a fermenting solution. This fermenting solution would have bacteria growing in the solution. This bacteria would attack the hides or skin. This attack on the hides or skin by the bacteria would result in the loosening of the on the hides or skin. The hair was then scraped off to get a clean hair free hide or skin. The raw stack then would be dusted with ground up bark that they had made. Then the raw stack would be placed into shallow pits of tannin solution. Then leather was then hung up for several days in open sheds. Then next came the dressing of the leather that was in process. This involved the people paring or shaving the raw leather material to a desired level of thickness. Then the processing of coloring the leather material took placket. Then the people would go through the process of treating the leather material. The leather material would be treated with oils. Then the leather material would have to get one more drying and final treatment for the grain surface with waxes. We could keep going on about the fascinating history of leather and were it came from. The people in the past set up a legacy of leather use even for us today. When we go out riding we ware leather clothing. We are still using leather in horse riding and other western events. We have even adapted the leather use into are cars of today. So the use of leather in todays age still has not died out. We have just found more uses for leather in are every day life.
Arends Dreams Inc. Your Leather Apparel


Pablo Picasso became an integral member of the Ballets Russes during the War.
The Victoria and Albert Museum’s major autumn exhibition, "Diaghilev and the Golden Age of the Ballets Russes, 1909–1929", explored the world of the influential artistic director Serge Diaghilev and the most exciting dance company of the 20th century.
Diaghilev combined dance, music and art in bold ways to create ‘total theatre’. A consummate collaborator, he worked with Stravinsky, Chanel, Picasso, Matisse and Nijinsky.
The gallery included a rich array of costumes designed by Bakst and tell the story of the Ballets Russes up to the outbreak of War in 1914.


The Nield name as a trading business goes back to the late 19th Century in the North West of England.
The current business dates back to 2008 being the successor to a number of trading entities bearing the Nield name in the previous 40 years.
In 2016 the business was acquired by its current owners, still based in Manchester and trading as a Cash and Carry Wholesaler in the famous Cheetam Hill district of North Manchester. The Cash and Carry was closed at the end of 2016 and in 2017 the business moved to its current location.
The Board of Directors can lay claim to over 180 years of experience in wholesaling, trading and healthcare distribution. But more importantly, a track record of running successful businesses by putting customers first.
Please Contact Us for more information and to speak to anyone from the Team.
Our Terms and Conditions of Sale and Purchase can be viewed through the Documents link at the foot of the page.


All needed PDFs are posted on Google classroom
Monday: Conflict In The Colonies Movie Posters
Tuesday: Conflict In The Colonies Movie Posters (Due at 12am)
Wednesday: French and Indian War Walk Around Notes
Thursday: Taxation Notes
Friday: Start the Boston Massacre Court Case!!!!
Current Event #2 Due October 17th
October 17th Picture Make-Ups


Originally named ‘Anfiteatro Flavio’, the Colosseum has become one of the best known symbols of Rome. Construction began in 72 AD by Emperor Vespasiano and it was finally completed 8 years later by his son Titus.
St. Peter's Basilica
The impressive square, together with Bernini’s colonnade, faces the largest church of Christendom, St. Peter’s Basilica, world-wide famous and dominated by Michelangelo’s dome. The present basilica’s construction dates back to the 16th century, with work from Michelangelo, Giacomo della Porta and Domenico Fontana. Tradition says the basilica was built over a Paleo-Christian church where St. Peter was thought to be buried.
This was built as a temple dedicated to all the Roman Gods (the name means ‘to every God’ in Greek). It was built by Marco Vipsanio Agrippa in the year 27 BC next to his spa in Campo Marzio, right in the centre of Rome. It was totally renovated by Emperor Adrian around the year 120 AD and then during the 7th century it was turned into a Catholic church dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
The Trevi Fountain
The most famous fountain in Rome, created by the architect Salvi in the year 1735 under the supervision of Pope Clemens XII. The fountain’s sculptures represent the story of the its water source.
The Spanish steps
The main interest of the square is represented by the stairway named ‘Trinità di Monti’. It was designed in 1726 by the architect Francesco De Sanctis, and offers a fantastic perspective.
Navona Square is one of the most spectacular places in Rome. It is a Baroque architectural masterpiece designed on the site of the Stadium of Domitian which was built before 86 BC. The original stadium was 275 metres long and 106 metres wide and could host up to 30,000 people. Within this space, Caesar Augustus and Nero would celebrate the Autumn Ludes (games) every five years.
Piazza del Popolo
Piazza del Popolo is the prelude to the center of the most beautiful city in the world. Put on the cusp of a triangle of streets, known as the “Trident” (via del Corso, via Del Babbuino and via di Ripetta). It constitutes the greatest access to the heart of Rome. The door through which you access this wonderful “saloon” is the ancient Porta Flaminia. So called because through it in the past you could acces to the ancient Via Flaminia. The twin churches “Santa Maria di Montesanto” and “Santa Maria dei Miracoli”, the Flaminio obelisk (the oldest and second highest of Rome) and the two fountains of Valadier contribute to enrich this fascinating “Piazza”.


On the Mississippi River just minutes from downtown in historic Northeast Minneapolis, The Sample Room is conveniently located 0.7 miles north of the old Grain Belt Brewery at 2124 Marshall Street NE .
Look for our green star in a restored turn-of-the century brick building that offers skyline views. Plently of free parking is available in our lot or on the street.
We do not take reservations, but to ensure more prompt seating you may call up to one hour in advance to add your name to our waiting list. Upon arrival, guests will be seated in the order they appear on the list. Parties of 6 or larger, on Friday and Saturday nights, must be present to be seated. Hope to see you soon!
We offer off-premise catering. Ask about bringing The Sample Room to your next event.
History of The Sample Room
In 1849 Henry Sibley and his wife Sarah bought lots 12 & 13 of Auditors Subdivision number 34 from the U.S. Government. The land passed through the hands of 15 different parties during the next 26 years. The names include: Pierre Bottineau, whose namesake neighborhood in Northeast Minneapolis is where you are currently sitting; John Orth, whose Orth Brewery became the Minneapolis Brewing and Malting Company in 1890 and was the predecessor of the Grain Belt Brewery; Gottlieb Gluek, who started Gluek Brewery in 1857 and was located where Gluek Park is now; Louis Kampff, who helped his friend Gottlieb Gluek get the brewery going with a $1000 loan and a handshake and who also built a handful of homes on the river for himself and his children; and finally Anthony Brooks, who operated a saloon owned by the Gluek Brewery at 20th and Marshall. Mr. Brooks employed a bartender by the name of Matthias Thies in the early 1880’s. Matt and his wife Rose purchased lot #13 from Mr. Brooks in 1893. On it they built a handsome two story brick building and started their own business, The Thies Hotel and Sample Room. They lived on the second floor at 2128 Marshall, rented out four rooms and ran a saloon on the ground floor.
About our kitchen


The Heritage Club of Model Academy, the prestigious school of MIER observed April 18, as the world heritage day. The objective was to sensitize the students about the importance of diversity of cultural heritage and its preservation for future generations.
The theme of World Heritage Day 2022 is “Heritage and Climate.”The aim is to highlight how heritage can be a source of knowledge to fight climate change.
In this connection a special assembly was organised wherein students and teachers talked about the true meaning of heritage, its importance and the need
of its preservation. Keeping the theme in mind for this year, students of senior wing prepared a power point presentation on different world heritage sites that are in danger and also highlighted the need to preserve them. Children were familiarised with the rich cultural heritage along with the existing diversification worldwide, and how we can work towards protecting and conserving it.
Principal, Dr Pramod kumar Srivastava urged students to preserve heritage sites and cherish them as the foreteller of the past.
The programme was coordinated by Mrs. Manju Vali, Mrs.Preeti Peer in-charge heritage club and Mrs. Mahak and Mrs. Nisha in-charges of Newton House.


| 1. January 2021 |
30 years QUNDIS – The start of a special anniversary year
The turbulent Covid year of 2020 is over. We stuck it out together and made the best of a difficult situation.
And it wasn’t the first time that QUNDIS GmbH had to master a challange, because behind us lies a richly varied history that we want to celebrate in 2021.
We are looking forward to our 30th company anniversary and will be celebrating it in keeping with the slogan of “30 years – 30 highlights”.
For this purpose we have prepared some fascinating new features and lots of surprises, which we will share with you on a regular basis. So that we can look back on 30 successful and eventful QUNDIS years together with you.
Check out all the information about 30 years of QUNDIS on our website soon.


By the turn of the 20th century much of the land here had been logged. It was a time of tremendous changes to the landscape and the ecology as well. Forests of pine were the first to be cut but later other species went, too. Land that had been cleared of trees was then sold to farmers who pulled or blasted stumps and then plowed the ground for crops and pasture. Barbed wire fences were strung everywhere separating property and closing in dairy cows. White cedar was the preferred tree for fence posts as it did not decay. It was abundant in the local swamps and soon many trees were cut. Larger cedar trees were made into shingles but the thinner ones became posts.
The poor soils that had supported generations of pines and spruce did not lend themselves to sustained agriculture or dairy. Many attempts to farm were finally given up especially if a better living could be had in the paper mills. When grazing and haying stopped the forest was free to come back. The less productive pastures hacked from the forest disappeared under a new canopy of trees. Today, the only evidence that there was a pasture where this forest stands are scattered cedar posts and rusted strands of barbed wire.


Our plan for high culture at the National Theatre of Bangkok was inexplicably canceled, so instead we opted for a stroll around the Silpakorn University art department and several of the galleries on campus. The school had an impressive foundry workshop where many of the great historical sculptures of Thailand were created. Seeing this sculpture class at work as they molded clay based on the model brought the history full circle. -k.
If this photo doesn’t say “Thailand” to you … then you haven’t been there. Almost seven thousand 7-Elevens can be found here. At least half of them are in Bangkok. So if you are looking for a bag of shrimp chips, a cold beer or soy milk, or a supersize Ovaltine out of the soda dispenser … they are never far away. -w


Treasurer of the Board
Master degree in Social Sciences and Protestant Theology
Psychodrama – Director, Supervisor
Grown up as a German, born in wartime during World War II, I have been since childhood confronted with the crimes of Nazi-Germany and the effects of its defeat in a destroyed and split country and European continent. The generation in which I grew up had to realize that we had to take responsibility for the consequences of the terror Nazi-Germany had spread all over Europe. I found my psychodramatic identity by working on the European field – especially in Eastern Europe – those countries who had suffered most cruelly from German occupation. That’s why I joined the Psychodrama-Institute for Europe (PIfE) – an organization being active in several Eastern European countries such as Poland, Romania, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus.
Consequently, I took the responsibility for the wellbeing of this organization in 2009 at Vilnius as treasurer and feel honoured having been charged with this task now in Vilnius for the third time.


List of products by brand TRINIDAD
The name of Trinidad is a tribute to the population called Santísima Trinidad, which was built during the 16th century on the southern coast of Cuba.
The origins of Trinidad as a brand of Habanos, are located in 1969, and for many years, like the Cohiba brand, it was only used as a gift of state for high foreign dignitaries.
It was in 1998 when this brand was made available to smokers around the world, but yes, in very limited quantities.
There are 7 products.


The Birch Bark Canoe – The Canadian Time Machine
Post date: Sep 12, 2019 2:31:16 PM
EVENT OF INTEREST
The Birch Bark Canoe – The Canadian Time Machine will be the next presentation of the Bromley Historical Society. The talk, on Saturday September 21st, will be given by well-known Whitewater residents Dave Fleming and Bob Whillans. It will begin at 2pm, in the Old Town Hall, Micksburg Road Osceola.
The canoe, a living testament to the ingenuity of First Peoples, is a powerful symbol in the Canadian imagination. Before the Europeans, canoes gave First Peoples the ability to travel in search of food, people, and to trade goods. When the colonists arrived, they adopted indigenous technologies such as the canoe, gaining access to people and resources, often with devastating consequences on indigenous peoples. The canoe also played a critical role in the surveying and mapping of the territory that became the Dominion of Canada.
This presentation will draw upon and pay homage to the skill of the First Nations people. It will give an overview of canoe construction and the use of different bark selections, spruce roots, hand split cedar and spruce gum.
Dave Fleming has been whittling since the age of six. Fascinated with the traditional snowshoes and birch bark canoes, he has been advised by Algonquin and Ojibway (Anishinaabe) builders. Bob Whillans, an avid canoe man since his youth, has a varied collection of vintage canoes, including several beautiful cedar and canvas ones and a heritage birch bark. An experienced paddle maker, he custom carves paddles to fit the user’s tastes and paddling styles.
The presentation is free and open to the public. Following the event, refreshments will be served.


The Lincoln Inaugural Bible and The Story Behind the Lincoln Bible at Obama’s Inauguration(image via www.loc.gov)
this type of history fascinates me endlessly.
obama’s sick obbsession with his presidential man crush, Lincoln, has reached its pinnacle.
A Historic Bible for a Historic Moment Andy Dayton, Associate Web Producer With all of our recent talk of ancient...
The history nerd inside me is geeking out big time.


Purchased originally at an auction house, this was in need of some tlc. I purchased this Victorian Mansion and had our builder and friends, Ed and Kathy Cox restore this beautiful dollhouse. The dollhouse is a front opening, and back as well. There are 12 rooms, all beautifully decorated with wallpaper, baseboard trim and some floors are inlay. We are not sure, but this dollhouse may have belonged to Carolyn Sunstein, the original dollhouse Miniaturia show promoter and fine collector.
The reason for believing that this dollhouse may have been hers, was because the auction house had her obituary inside the dollhouse, and that led us to believe it as so. I have the papers to go with the dollhouse.
There are 24 windows, three enterances, working original shutters, and a real brick chimney. A one of a kind. Very large and heavy, built incredibly well.
The one lucky person to own this house will love the large rooms, and porches. Enjoy!