Merryland Farm in Hydes, Maryland, is a full-service breaking and training center. Encompassing 180 acres with numerous pastures and round pens, plus a 5/8th-mile training track, and located 20 miles south of Fair Hill and an hour north of Laurel, Merryland is the perfect place to send your yearling to be broken or your racehorse to get legged-up.
Merryland Farm was founded in 1939, when former owner Danny Shea first broke yearlings on the property. The 5/8th-mile training track that Shea built was actually about 100 feet shy of that distance. So, Shea installed a pair of finish lines — one, “Danny’s selling pole” for use when prospective purchasers had a stop watch on the action, and the other when Shea was deciding which of his 2-year-olds to send to the races.
When Shea died in 1960, Merryland was the largest commercial horse farm in Maryland. His widow, Betty Shea Miller, continued to manage the farm for another 30 years after Shea’s death. Betty Shea Miller was known for her humorous wit and her racy Christmas cards — and she kept Merryland pristine and productive during her tenure while it was owned by Mrs. Henry Obre (the niece of Harry Guggenheim, owner of Kentucky Derby winner Dark Star).
Back-to-back Two-Year-Old Champions were broken at Merryland. In 1968, Elberon Farm’s Process Shot was recognized as the nation’s top 2-year-old filly after learning the racing game at Merryland. The following year, Elberon sent out another Merryland-broke juvenile champion in Silent Screen — one of the favorites for the 1970 Kentucky Derby for Elberon’s principal, Sonny Werblin of New Jersey.
Accepted by the Baltimore County Department of Parks and Recreation as a charitable donation in 1993, Merryland was subsequently purchased at public auction by Delaware park owner William Rickman in 1999. Rickman spent the following two years restoring Merryland to functionality before Country Life bought the property in 2001.


There’s always something happening at the Litchfield Museum
& Route 66 Welcome Center!
From personal guided tours to local artifacts and the Mother Road nostalgia, the Museum offers a fun-filled walk down memory lane. Learn about the past, present, and future of Litchfield through our ongoing and special exhibitions.
Exhibit highlights include:
- Bob Waldmire maps and drawings
- Original Route 66 road sign
- Antique automobile
- Exhibit of businesses along this area of the “Mother Road”
- History of the schools of Litchfield
- Litchfield Fire Department’s hand-drawn fire wagon
- 1904 cornerstone and time capsule from the American Radiator Company
- Comprehensive section on area veterans
- History of area industry, including Brown Shoe & Litchfield Creamery
- Litchfield Mill (aka the Planet Mill), the largest steam mill in the world
- History of local government, churches, homes, organizations, and businesses
- Home of The Montgomery County Genealogical Society
…and so much more!
April – October: Monday thru Saturday 10 am – 4 pm & Sunday 1 pm – 4 pm
November – March: Tuesday thru Saturday 10 am – 4 pm
Closed: New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, July 4, Labor Day, Veterans’ Day,
Thanksgiving, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, New Year’s Eve
Admission is free!
However, we do have a donation box and appreciate any amount you would care to leave. The Litchfield Museum & Route 66 Welcome Center Association is a 501c(3) non-for-profit organization. There are no paid employees. The museum is run strictly by volunteers. If you would like to make a donation, or help in some other way, visit our Support Page.
Directions and Parking
1. From Interstate 55, at Exit 52 take the ramp for IL-16 east toward Litchfield
2. Keep straight on IL-16
3. Continue on IL-16/W Union Avenue
4. Turn right on North Historic Old Route 66
5. Destination will be on the left. There is ample free parking at the museum.
GPS Address: 334 North Historic Route 66, Litchfield, IL 62056
Mailing Address: P O Box 43, Litchfield, IL 62056-0043
or use our Contact Page


In Clades: Prehistoric, the sauropsids of the land are dinosaurs, specifically a feathered Utahraptor (a theropod), an Apatosaurus (a sauropod), and a Stegosaurus (an ornithischian). The earliest dinosaur precursors were two-legged relatives of crocodiles, as were the first theropods, sauropods, and ornithischians. Walking efficiently on two legs gave them an advantage over crocodiles, lizards, and early mammal relatives. Dinosaurs first appeared about 230 million years ago (Mya), after the Permian–Triassic extinction event of 250 Mya. The plant-eating ”bird-hipped” dinosaurs (Ornithischia) evolved greater size, and several lines evolved a four-legged gait, especially the frilled and armored dinosaurs. The “lizard-hipped” dinosaurs (Saurischia) developed into two major clades. The sauropods evolved long necks to eat tree foliage and large size to protect themselves against theropod predators. Their large size necessitated a four-legged gait. Theropods ate meat, and they, too, became larger over time. Theropods evolved feathers, and some developed flight. Some of these flying dinosaurs were the only dinosaurs to survive the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event of 66 million years ago. We call them birds (Aves).
It’s easy to get the names sauropsid and sauropod mixed up. A sauropod (“lizard foot”) is one type of sauropsid (“lizard face”).


Building Futures Since 1968
Regd No : S – 667 of 1953 – 1954 under the Societies Registration Act of 1860
The Servants of the People Society, founded in Lahore by Sher-e-Punjab Lala Lajpat Rai and inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1921 has an unbroken record of 88 years of dedicated service to the people of our country. Among the distinguished past Presidents of this society, we may mention the names of Babu Purshottam Das Tandon, Shri Balvant Ray Mehta, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri and Shri Krishan Kant. After the demise of Shri Krishan Kant, Shri Manu Bhai Patel has taken over as Chairman of the Servants of the People Society. Shri Inder Kumar Gujral, Former Prime Minster of India and Shri Rajender Sachhar, Former Chief Justice of India are the trustees of our Society.
The Society has been running numerous Philanthropic projects and educational institutions in India. Balvantray Mehta Vidya Bhawan Sr Sec School is a Senior Secondary School under the aiges of Servant of the People Society” affiliated to CBSE. The Society also has Vocational Training Center at Masjid Moth School, in addition to a Public library, Charitable Medical Clinic and Homeopathic Dispensary at Lajpat Bhawan, and a home for Senior citizens at Dwarka.


Two of SI’s UN Representatives in Geneva, Sabine Kinzer and Sina Stiffler, decided it was time to get Swiss Soroptimists inside the UN buildings, so they could see what it is all about. Sina writes this blog for SI about the visit.
The UN’s second biggest centre is found in Geneva, a comparably small city in western Switzerland. For security reasons the UN in Geneva can only be visited by guided tours. This makes it difficult for many people to visit the UN site, including Swiss people who live nearby.
The UN is located in the middle of the beautiful Ariana Park which overlooks lake Geneva, and on a clear day you can even see the highest mountain of Europe, Mont Blanc. The Ariana Park was bequeathed to the City of Geneva by Gustave de Revilliod de la Rive on three conditions, one of which is that peacocks should be freely allowed to rome the grounds of the park, and they still do to this day!
We were shown around by very knowledgable guides and were divided into three groups – two for Geman speakers, and one for French speakers.
The question came up why Geneva became the second biggest UN centre in the world. It all started when a Geneva businessman, Henry Dunant, travelled in Northern Italy in 1859. By coincidence he witnessed the battle of Solferino which is renownd for the suffering of 40,000 wounded soldiers, whom due to lack of facilities, were left on the battle field. Dunant was moved into action. Consequently he published his famous book , “Memories of Solferino”, which in turn led to the foundation of the International Committee of the Red Cross. The Red Cross continues to ensure protection and assistance for victims of armed conflicts and strife to this day and its international headquarters remain in Geneva.
Later, on the 22 August 1864 several European states met in Geneva and signed the first Geneva Convention. The first Geneva Convention defined the “rules of international law for the protection of vicitms of armed conflict”, and is inextricably linked to the International Committee of the Red Cross. Already Geneva was establishing itself as a place for global leaders to meet and agree on international principles and action.
After First World War the League of Nations was founded in Geneva to provide a forum for resolving international disputes. It was then a natural step for the UN to set up a Centre in Geneva. The buildings that were onced used by the Leauge of Nations with their high corridors and magnificent views are still used to this day. The buildings are also now home to many sculptures and pictures relating to human rights that were given to UN by member countries as presents.
All the Soroptimists were taken into one hall and were informed on how the big conferences are organized: 193 UN member countries sit in alphabetical order in international conferences including sessions of the ILO (International Labour Organization), and the WHO (World Health Organisation). SI UN Reps, as NGO representatives, get to sit in the back rows.
The guides took us to the new buildings with several huge round halls where big conferences can take place simultaneously. CEDAW and the Universal Periodic Review (the Human Rights Council’s review instrument) meet in these buildings. The official languages of the UN are English, French, Chinese, Arabic, Spanish and Russian. Meetings are translated ‘live’ and you can listen to the proceedings in the language that is best for you through a special earpiece.
Through being an SI UN Representative I have been privileged to see the workings of the UN from the inside. Thinking about everything that has happened in history in these buildings can be quite humbling. The signing important declarations, negoatiating peace agreements and the creation of new international organisations have all happened here. All of us on the tour had a wonderful time, and it is was fascinating seeing the UN through the eyes of a visitor.


Boston Network Users Group History
BNUG’s President Emeritus, Glenn Fund, formed and ran the group from its inception through 1995, a period which saw the group evolve from a dedicated NetWare-only group to an organization covering networking issues of all sorts. During Josh Turiel’s tenure as President from 1995 until 1998, BNUG started focusing on education as a major part of its mission. Andrew Daitch expanded this focus with a series of weekend training seminars on various networking topics. His successor, Mark Kushinsky, carried on in this tradition of leadership, maintaining BNUG’s relevancy during a period of a rapid transition in the industry.
The group has presented a number of special events over the years including the LAN Ahoy! trade show and cruise, the Pub Crawl, the User Lab at Networks Expo trade show in Boston, and the BNUG annual Anniversary Meeting each December.
Dale Heron served on the BNUG Executive Board for a number of years, was elected as BNUG’s president in May of 2009, and served until May of 2013. Following Dale, Steve Isenberg served as president. Steve, who has been an active member of BNUG since the group’s second meeting in January 1987 and has served as VP, secretary, and treasurer over the years, is currently the group’s treasurer and former webmaster. Following Steve as president in 2016 was Marc Javel who had also been a board member of the group for many years before accepting the office. Our current president is Adam Frost who started in the office in 2018.
BNUG Photo Album
1/8/2021 -New Photos coming soon
Our history is still being written !!


Fighting in East Prussia and the Carpathians, or a Year of Blunders by the Russian Command
In the next installment of a series of publications on World War I, historian and political analyst Pyotr Romanov describes how events unfolded during fighting in East Prussia and the Carpathians in 1915.
// Aug. 20, 2014 - 02:14 GMT
Russia Under Attack: The Eastern Front in WWI
Historian and political commentator Pyotr Romanov discusses why Germany shifted the bulk of its war effort in 1914 to the Eastern Front in the latest instalment of his series on the First World War.
// Aug. 20, 2014 - 02:09 GMT
Russia‚Äôs first victory and ‚Äúthe army of Svejks‚ÄĚ in the Battle of Galicia
In the fifth episode of The First World War, Pyotr Romanov describes one of the largest military operations of 1914. The Battle of Galicia brought Russia its first victory in the Great War.
// Aug. 06, 2014 - 20:54 GMT
How Gavrilo Princip dragged Europe into World War I
In the first episode of the program, The First World War, historian and political commentator Pyotr Romanov talks about the causes of the massive bloody conflict that lasted more than four years.
// Jul. 26, 2014 - 01:01 GMT


Before we take a closer look at the religious movements in Redding, its necessary for us to sketch out a brief history of the city and the peoples of the region.
The city of Redding sits right on the edge of the Cascade’s rolling foothills, located roughly halfway between Sacramento and the Oregon border along the Sacramento River. Towering pines and Douglas firs blanket the area—on a day trip to the coast you can view the Redwoods for which Northern California is famous. Being situated below the Cascades means summers in Redding can be very, very hot. The north winds that blow down Klamath Mountain heat and dry once they reach the valley, where temperatures often hit triple digits in the summer months. Unfortunately for Redding, the Delta Breeze does little to help—the winds that cool Sacramento and Stockton lose their coolant by the time the arrive in Redding. The hot winds from Klamath and the failure of the cool winds to reach Redding make for dry conditions that can spell disaster for residents. Something as innocuous as sparks from a popped tire can set fields ablaze. This is exactly what happened in 2018 when the Carr Fire burned through 229,651 acres of those towering forests of firs and pines, devastating Redding and the surrounding communities.
Redding was founded in 1887, but our story begins long before then, with the tribes whose history in the region extends as far back as 12,000 years. These Native Americans were members of the Hokan and Penutian language families, comprising of tribes such as the Wintu, Klamath, Shasta, Pit, and Modoc. The Wintu tribes however were the primary group that inhabited what is now Redding, living in villages of earthen and thatched homes. These Wintu villages clustered around Clear Creek, where they lived off of Redding’s abundant natural resources, gathering acorns, roots, seeds, and berries as well as hunting the wildlife, mostly waterfowl and fish. The acorns found from the California live oak were a fundamental part of their diet, which they ground to make breads and soups; deer, duck, and salmon served as ample sources of meat. Like other neighboring tribes, the Wintu were semi-nomadic, moving with this wildlife up the slopes of Shasta Bally, the tallest peak along Whiskeytown Lake, during the hot summer months. Naturally, their religion and myths were deeply influenced by their reliance on the natural world for sustenance, which provided sacred spaces blessed by the gods. Mount Shasta, which dominates the landscape roughly 60 miles north of Whiskeytown Lake, was perhaps one of the most important sites that served as a religious focal point for the Wintu and other tribes in the region. Shasta was and still is regarded by many as sacred ground where purification ceremonies can be conducted and healings and blessings received from the supreme beings these tribes worship. For the Modoc this was G’mokumk; for the Klamath, this was Skell, the spirit of the Above-World. Both gods were said to have either resided on or descended upon Mount Shasta, contributing to its reputation as a holy place associated with the spiritual.
Tragedy struck these tribes when the first settlers appeared in the region in the early 19th century and set off the California Genocide, one of America’s darkest legacies. This mass destruction of native populations was a perfect storm of disease, displacement, enslavement, and outright massacre. When trappers first appeared in northern California in the 1820s they brought with them malaria and smallpox, reducing tribes like the Shasta in the Klamath mountains to half of the previous population as a result of these epidemics alone. Wave after wave of cholera and influenza devastated the Wintu in Redding. The Gold Rush only made things worse—miners competing for resources forcefully displaced the natives, raiding and massacring entire communities. In 1846 settlers killed somewhere between 150 and 900 total Wintu, cornering them on the Sacramento River. The Bridge Fork Massacre of 1852 saw the murders of over 150 Wintu men, women, and children in a single day at the hands of settlers under sheriff William H. Dixon. Earlier, in 1850, a “friendship feast” was held “in honor” of the Trinity Wintu, poisoning over 100 of those who partook of the food offered them. Wintu and other nearby natives like Kate Camden were often kidnapped and forced into slavery in the households of settlers, something that was allowed under the Act for the Government and Protection of Indians. The near complete destruction and displacement of the northern California tribes continued well into the early 20th century, by which time the flourishing community of 34,000 Wintu had been reduced to just 710.
What was initially known by settlers as Poverty Flats became incorporated as an official community when Pearson Barton Reading received the Rancho Buena Ventura land grant in 1844, encompassing what would become modern day Redding and Cottonwood. Reading’s primary interest was the gold that could be mined from the Whiskeytown Lake area. There he established a mining operation where settlers and natives toiled in search of California’s greatest prize. For a time the city was known as Reading, however it’s Benjamin B. Redding to whom we owe the final name, a decision made 36 years later when the Central Pacific Railroad’s prominence in the area became well established. The former Sacramento mayor brought the locomotive with him to northern California in 1872 after purchasing and beginning construction of the railroad on a tract of land running through Poverty Flats that would transform the town of 600 into a major hub, officially incorporated as a California city in 1887.
The gold which had so attracted settlers had run dry by the time Redding gained township, as had the copper and iron once the Roaring Twenties arrived. However the lumber industry revitalized the economy when the construction of Shasta Dam was completed, something that further alienated the remaining Wintu in the region. These survivors had been forcibly moved to the Redding Rancheria in 1922, and no natives lived in their ancestral territory in the Whiskeytown National Recreation Area. The Shasta Dam wasn’t the only dam to be constructed on native lands—the Whiskeytown Dam was later constructed in the 1960’s, again bringing with it a slew of workers in its colossal construction effort. The dam’s construction produced Whiskeytown Lake with its 36 mile long shoreline, a massive recreational space that served to further tourism in the region.
Redding’s history is a tragic one, as are the histories of other cities in Northern California. While many current residents might not realize it, the native presence there, once rich and flourishing, has been decimated by years of replacement and development. Efforts have been made by the remaining Wintu in the region to continue their traditions and preserve their culture and language. Today, 2,500 Wintu survive, living on the Round Valley Reservation and Redding Rancheria.
“How Redding Got its Name – A Tale of Two Men With Nearly the Same Name” (https://www.activenorcal.com/how-redding-got-its-name-a-tale-of-two-men-with-nearly-the-same-name/)
“Historic Redding California” (https://www.cityofredding.org/about-us/brief-history-of-redding#:~:text=Redding%2C%20a%20land%20agent%20of,through%20the%20area%20in%201872.&text=With%20600%20settlers%2C%20Redding%20was,laws%20in%20the%20State%20Constitution
“Genocides of California” (https://www.angelfire.com/sk/syukhtun/excerpt3.html)


Tillie Pierce House is a 2-star central hotel offering an individual accommodation within easy reach of American Civil War Museum, Hall of Presidents & First Ladies and Gettysburg Battle Theatre. The hotel opened its doors in 1829 and was remodeled in 2006.
The city center is 20 minutes' walk of the property. Gettysburg Museum of History, Jennie Wade House and Lincoln's Lost Treasure are located just 1000 meters from the venue.
The hotel is situated near theaters and museums.
The Tillie Pierce House Hotel is within a 50-minute drive to Wash. County Regional airport.
The Tillie Pierce House Hotel comes with Wi-Fi and climate control in all rooms.
Eat & Drink
Every day a complimentary continental breakfast is served.


Established in 2019, Luca Pastry was founded by Michael and Vince Cangialosi. The Cangialosi family is originally from Sicily and has owned and operated restaurants beginning in Sicily and also in Michigan. Pastries were the first business by Michael’s grandfather in Sicily at an establishment called “Tony Bar”. At Luca Pastry you will find many of the same traditional Sicilian cookies, cakes and a variety of other pastries such as French macarons and Cannoli. We are excited to bring these old family traditions and recipes to the westside of Metro Detroit in Canton,MI.


History of the Hummer:
The history Of the HUMMER begins in 1979 with competition for the development of a vehicle to meet the Army's highest standards in a High Mobility Multi-Purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV). As that development race began, Teledyne and Chrysler Defense (later sold to General Dynamics) already had designs on their drawing boards. The proposed Chrysler vehicle was an adapted version of the Saluki desert design. while its Teledyne counterpart sprang from the design of a vehicle known as the Cheetah. Though AM General appeared to be well behind the others, the company moved into this competition with no preconceived design notions, rolled up its sleeves, and soon created an original -- the HUMMER.
AM General's prototype HUMMER went to test in the Nevada desert in July 1980 -- only eleven months from its design board beginnings. This was the first of many breakthroughs that demonstrated the company's know-how and leadership. The Army now had three serious competitors with vehicles under test.
The Army's formal procurement of test vehicles began in February 1981. Six proposals came in from industry and were evaluated against the Army's HMMWV specifications. The three most responsive designs were selected, and in June 1981 contracts were awarded to General Dynamics, Teledyne and AM General. The test vehicles to be acquired from each company included TOW Carriers, Cargo Troop Carriers and Mini and Maxi Ambulance variant.
Army specs were extremely stringent with demands for light armor, deep water fording capability, and Arctic and desert operational ability to name just a few, as well as absolute reliability, durability and maintainability, Vehicle weight constraints called for material application breakthroughs. All of this and just ten months to do it --still another set of challenges for AM General.
Once again AM General proved its mettle when it became the first company to complete its test vehicles. Prototype HUMMERs were delivered to Army proving grounds at Aberdeen and Yuma, and to a test site at Fort Hunter-Liggett in April 1982.
The Army's test phase was scheduled over a five month period after which a call for production proposals would be made from the competing contractors. AM General took that in stride as its HUMMERS were the first vehicles to complete durability testing. The company also came through the rigorous testing with the lightest vehicles and high performance ratings. Clearly, the HUMMER HAD scored as the superior technical offering.
Following AM General's production proposal, these "superior' vehicles were finally awarded the initial HUMMER production contract in March 1983, calling for 55,000 vehicles to be delivered over a five year period.
From tooling up time at AM General's Mishawaka plant to delivery of the first production test vehicles took just six months -- another remarkable achievement for AM General.
With the marketing of the civilian HUMMER, AM General opens the newest and brightest chapter in its history. The world's most durable and most serious 4 x 4 is ready to stretch the American drivers' work and pleasure experience -- for years and years to come.
In December of 1999 AM General sold the Hummer name and the rights to market and distribute Hummer vehicles to General Motors. AM General will continue to Build the original Hummer (now called H1) at the Mishawaka plant. AM General will also build the Hummer H2 in a new state of the art manufacturing facility adjacent to the HMMWV/H1 plant.


The Kresy-Siberia Memorial Wall
In recognition of the Polish citizens who were victims of Soviet aggression during the War years, 1939-1945.
Sciana Pamieci Kresowian-Sybiraków
Dla upamietnienia wszystkich obywateli Polski a ofiar Sowieckiej agresji podczas lat Wojny, 1939-1945.
This Memorial Wall is dedicated to all whose names are inscribed upon it, as well as the countless multitudes whose names are not etched here. The Wall includes both those that survived and those who perished, many lying in unknown places in unmarked graves.
All suffered greatly.
None will be forgotten.


OHFC was created in accordance with the Texas Housing Finance Corporations Act
Issued a Single Family Revenue Bond worth $39,875,000
Issued a Loan to Lender Revenue Bond worth $7,830,000
Issued a Single Family Revenue Bond worth $9,500,000
Issued a Single Family Revenue Bond worth $21,719,000
Purchased and renovated Lincoln Tower Retirement. Later being sold in February 1998.
Developed and Managed UTPB Student Housing facilities. OHFC was bought out by UTPB in 2003
OHFC joined with the City of Odessa to develop the Hendley Subdivision. This is a 53 home subdivision located in South Odessa.
OHFC purchased 13 lots on West Clements Street to develop low to moderate income houses, later to be named after Ernest R. Martinez.
On our search of affordable housing, we acquired 18 lots in West Odessa where we developed and sold homes as low as $50,000.
We acquired two lots in North Central Odessa where we constructed new homes and sold for $60,000. At this time, we also acquired three HUD repo's that we rehabbed and sold.
OHFC spent this time purchasing existing houses and HUD repo's to rehab and sell on the East side of Odessa. We also purchased six lots on Beechwood where new homes were constructed and sold from $70,000 to $82,500.
OHFC became a credit counseling services provider. To date we have helped over 300 clients.
With approval of our board of directors, OHFC began making mortgage loans to clients who struggled with qualifying for other loans.
We have been developing and rehabbing affordable homes across Odessa. To date, we have sold around 180 homes.
OHFC has been developing the Estates on 87th. This community will have affordable apartments, town homes, single-family homes, senior living and retail.
We purchased four homes throughout 2016 that were rehabbed and are currently rental homes through OHFC.
OHFC purchased 16 lots on Coronado Avenue and 6 lots on Copus Circle. They were developed and sold as affordable single-family homes.


Robert Templeton: My Malta Siege War Years 1940-1942.
I have transcribed my father, Robert Templeton’s 2nd World War Memoires; The Malta Siege years.
As the film Dunkirk is presently enjoying its big media explosion it seems like a good time to share the transcription of my father’s World War 2 Memoires; a labour of love I indulged myself in over this winter 2017. I have sent a copy and photos to the Malta at War Museum and have met and chatted with Mario Farrugia the Chairman and CEO, who is always interested in receiving such memorabilia. Unfortunately for the moment, my sister Marjorie and I cannot find our father’s war medals; such is life!
Many times our father talked fondly of his Malta war years so I finally decided to do his story justice. It is of course for family and friends, but perhaps there is still a wider audience for the story that only a real soldier, who lived through it, can tell.
Bob was a Private in The Royal Army Medical Corps,
Bob was a Student Architect when the war began and his services were requested to redesign The 39th General Hospital in Malta, after heavy bombing put paid to the original buildings. Photograph of Lord Gort visiting.
This is the PDF: it has his handwritten version and the typed version going hand in hand. Dependent on PDF viewer the original and typed can be viewed side by side.
Read the Memoires Malta book – minimum


There are difficulties even with his name and his birthday. His surname transliterates into our alphabet as Korolev, but is pronounced Korolyov. His birthday was 12 January 1907 in the modern reckoning, 30 December 1906 in the old calendar. He was born in Zhitomir, Russia, and from his middle name we know that his father was called Pavel (Paul).
The city of Zhitomir is the capital of Zhitomir Oblast, northern Ukraine, and lies on the Teterev River in an agricultural region. Founded in the 9th century, it passed to Lithuania in 1320, to Poland in 1569, and to Russia as late as 1793.
Agriculture was not Korolev's calling, however. Space and space travel were popular in what became the young and dynamic Soviet Union, not least through the writings of Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, schoolteacher, scientist and inventor, a pioneer in rocket and space research. In 1903 Tsiolkovsky had published A Rocket into Cosmic Space, in which he proposed the use of liquid propellants for spaceships.
How Korolev came to Odessa in the Southern Ukraine is not clear, but while there he entered the Odessa Building Trades School, and cadged joy-rides with flying-boat pilots. At the age of 19 he designed, built and flew his own glider. His education continued at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute, and in 1926 he went to study aeronautical engineering at the Moscow Higher Technical School, where his teachers included Zhukovsky and Tupolev.
There he joined a group of young rocket enthusiasts who called themselves the GERD group: the Group of Engineers Developing Rocket Propulsion. Funds were niggardly and salaries non-existent, and they often had to pay for their own materials, leading them to re-interpret their acronym as Group of Engineers Working for Nothing.
Korolev became Chief Designer of this group, and in 1933, at a site 20 miles from Moscow, they launched their first rockets, using liquid fuel. From very modest beginnings they began to develop rockets which reached 2,000 mph.
These feats soon began to interest the military, who promptly stepped in, with both beneficial and detrimental effects. The principal beneficial result was very simple: funding. On the other hand, the military had no interest in romantic trips into Space: the military wanted military rockets and rocket-powered aircraft. It was probably at this time that Korolev started to learn how to manipulate the military mind towards the direction he wanted.
The major detrimental effect arrived with a very rude shock. Korolev's sponsor was Marshal Mikhail N. Tukhachevsky, who in 1938 fell victim to one of Stalin's purges. In a secret trial, Tukhachevsky was one of several commanders of the Red Army who were convicted on charges of treason and executed. Korolev was arrested on 6 June 1938 and faced a similar show trial.
Convicted on 18 counts of treason and sabotage and labelled a Trotskyite, he was sentenced to 10 years in a labour camp and sent to the gold mines at Kolyma in Eastern Siberia with some time in transit on the Trans-Siberian Railway, followed by further time on a prison ship at Magadan. It was effectively a death sentence.
There can not be too many people who owe their lives to Adolf Hitler. For Korolev, however, the threat posed by Nazi Germany to Soviet Russia was his salvation. As war came, the prison camps were scoured for anyone who could make a significant contribution to the Soviet war effort, and that of course included aeronautical engineers and rocket scientists. Instrumental in rescuing Korolev was his old tutor Tupolev, who was himself a prisoner and had already been taken into a prison design bureau.
Not that Korolev was rehabilitated: politicians don't like admitting their mistakes, so Korolev stayed under house arrest in Moscow even as he set to work designing and testing liquid-fuel rocket boosters for aircraft.
The necessity to have more ambitious rockets was made quite plain by the success of the German V2 rocket and by the surrender of Wernher von Braun and most of his team to the welcoming arms of the USA, along with enough parts to make 100 V2 rockets. When Soviet troops reached Peenemünde they found precious little but a heavily-bombed site, a few badly-damaged rockets and a handful of technicians. The slave labour camp "Dora" at Nordhausen in the Harz mountains came in to the Russian occupation zone. V2 rockets had been assembled here, but the camp had been evacuated, along with its unfortunate workers, before the Russians arrived.
As though to rub salt in to the wounds, US General Eisenhower authorised von Braun and his team to put on three V2 launches, which took place at Cuxhaven in Summer 1945. Korolev - by now a colonel in the Red Army - was there as an observer.
All this was quite enough to spare Korolev a return to the gold mines: he must have proved his value during the war years, and now he was put in charge of the Soviet missile programme. Korolev went to Berlin to see what he could salvage.
None of my sources mention this, but the Soviets must also have discovered some remains near the V2 test-launching site at the SS camp at Blizna in Poland.
The site was about 150 miles south of Warsaw, and the remains of a great many unsuccessful launches came down 200 miles to the North-east, in the farming area around Wolka on the river Bug. It is known that the German scientists were not able to recover all the débris: almost one complete rocket was taken and dismantled by the Polish Resistance and ended up in Warsaw. Whether this rocket ended up in Russian hands is unknown, but it is safe to assume that there were more remains to be found.
It is perhaps not surprising that Korolev's personality remains largely hidden. His arrest, show trial and time in the prison camp must have taught him to keep his mouth shut. A former colleague from the immediate post-war period describes him as untrusting, hard to befriend and intolerant of lies.
By 1947 Korolev was ready to test-launch reconstructed V2 rockets at the Kapustin Yar site by the Volga. Meanwhile he worked on an improved version with an extended range of 426 miles/685km and a speed of 3,500mph/5,600kph. First designated the R1, it went into military service as the Red Army Rocket. Korolev was put in charge of all Soviet rocket development.
Hard to befriend, perhaps; but as his marriage ran into trouble, Korolev fell for a young translator who lived with her mother one floor below in the same block of flats. Within a short time the two were living together.
Once again further research adds a footnote to previous knowledge: at the end of World War II, the Soviets did indeed take over the underground V2 rocket factory "Dora" at Nordhausen. Having renamed the plant "Zentralwerk" (Central Works) they imported captured German technicians to resume V2 production. The plant was however dismantled in 1946 and transferred -together with the technicians - to the Soviet Union. The Dora factory remained empty until 1948, when it was blown up.
The onset of the Cold War gave a further boost to rocket development. From its bases in Europe and the Near East, the USA could send nuclear bombers over the Soviet Union without fear of direct retaliation: at that time the USSR had no bomber capable of making the return trip over the USA. There was the need to design a rocket capable of doing that. As the Soviet nuclear warhead was twice the weight of the American one, the rocket would have to be big and efficient.
One wonders just how quickly Korolev saw a chance to go for space. At any rate he was not stinted on funds: a new launch site was constructed at Baikonur in Kazahkstan, beyond the range of Western radar. (The USA responded with U2 aircraft spying flights, which by 1956 were already over Baikonur.)
Conditions at Baikonur were fairly primitive. Summer temperatures could be as high as 122 degrees Fahrenheit (50 degrees Celsius), the scientists and mechanics lived in railway carriages, and natural water was so scarce that they sometimes washed in bottled mineral water. For entertainment they would catch scorpions and put them in glass jars to fight to the death.
What Korolev came up with was the R7, a multistage rocket which would do the job. Unfortunately it required several days to prepare for launch, which made it less than ideal as an ICBM. But it held the promise of a space rocket.
The death of Stalin in 1953 opened new doors of opportunity for Korolev. For one, he now at last joined the Communist Party. Whether he would not have been admitted during Stalin's lifetime, or whether Korolev could not bring himself to join while Stalin lived, has to remain another unanswerable question. At any rate, membership of the Party must have been a prerequisite for favourable consideration of any independent initiatives. And in 1954 Korolev submitted a secret memo to the Government raising the prospect of launching a satellite into space.
The second opportunity came with Stalin's successor Khrushchev. With his position secured, in 1956 Khrushchev made his famous speech denouncing Stalin. It signalled a change of attitudes and tactics which later extended to Khrushchev's appearance on US television, in debate with one Richard Nixon. For Korolev it made his dream of space possible.
The original plan had been for an ambitious 3,000 pound satellite packed with scientific instruments. When this fell behind schedule, the Chief Designer came up with the Primary Satellite, a 184-pound version containing a simple radio transmitter, which could be put into orbit by the R7 rocket. Khrushchev's backing ensured that the concept was approved by the Soviet Academy of Sciences in August 1957, and on 4 October 1957 the small sphere which very soon became known as Sputnik ("satellite") went up to make the first of 90 orbits, circling the Earth 16 times a day, its radio transmitter emitting a bleep that was heard everywhere.
Sputnik was visible in the night sky above Amsterdam, New York, Peking and, most importantly, Moscow. Its huge impact in terms of publicity brought prestige and glory to the Soviet Union - but not to Korolev. Khrushchev insisted that the Nobel Prize which followed was accepted on behalf of the Soviet People. Korolev was kept out of the spotlight, and stayed there.
On the other hand the success of Sputnik opened the door of opportunity to the Chief Designer. Just over a year later he was able to send up a modified Sputnik: on 3 November 1957 the dog Laika became the first living thing to go into space, orbiting the Earth for the 6 days her oxygen-supply lasted.
Already Korolev was planning ahead. Laika's flight was more than another publicity coup: data sent back were to be used in preparing humans for space. At the same time as the USA was having very public V2-style failures with its rocket programme before managing to launch a satellite the size of a grapefruit, the Sputnik-3 sent up by Korolev's team weighed in at a hefty 3.5 tons. And the Chief Designer was already planning Vostok, a rocket capable of putting a man into space for ten days, with enough room in the capsule for the cosmonaut to move around. There remained the problem of choosing the man.
Korolev's requirements were simple: a small man of 75 kilos. The rest was left to a selection committee.
The Soviets, like the Americans, immediately turned to their fighter pilots. Hundreds of pilots were considered and tested and whittled down, until just 20 were left, including men like Leonov, Titov and, of course, Gagarin. Korolev called them his Little Eagles.
Geographical considerations meant that the cosmonaut would literally return to the Earth: there was no plan for a soft landing in the ocean. Instead, the cosmonaut was to be ejected out of his capsule some 400 metres above the ground and would descend by parachute. It was an early signal of the readiness to undertake extra-vehicular activity which was to remain a hallmark of the Soviet Space programme.
This meant that the prospective cosmonauts had to undertake extensive parachute training - something that was not popular amongst fighter pilots. Soon they were making 40 jumps a month, on equipment that looked somewhat rough and ready, to say the least.
In preparation there were more launches: the dogs Belka and Strelka were sent up into orbit and were successfully landed by parachute. Maket, a mannikin, was also sent up and recovered in one piece. So then it was time to send up a man.
Korolev, like his rival Wernher von Braun at NASA, considered the man in the capsule to be merely a passenger, taken along for the ride by a safe and automatic system. Like their American counterparts, the cosmonauts were deeply unhappy about that, particularly the "safe" bit. Spectacular launch failures were not the sole prerogative of the USA: Korolev's team had their failures too, though it was a long time before anyone ever heard much about them. All the same, the cosmonauts might have heard whispers about the catastrophic launch failure of the R-16 on 23 October 1960, which cost nearly 200 lives. They won out to the extent that the capsule was fitted with manual controls, and the combination code to the manual override was written on a piece of paper placed in a pocket of the spacesuit.
Spacesuit is hardly the word: the first cosmonauts, like the first astronauts, would go into space wearing what was little more than a glorified fighter pilot's flying suit. It was all anyone had at the time.
The cosmonauts first saw their rockets in March 1961. Yuri Gagarin had been Korolev's favourite from the start, but as they saw the assembly-line in the factory they must have realised that there were going to be enough rockets for almost all of them.
Gagarin went up in Vostok-1 on 12 April 1961, making one orbit of the Earth in a flight lasting 108 minutes. As planned, he ejected from the capsule on the way down and landed by parachute. Under agreed international rules, this would have technically disqualified his flight, so it was kept a secret for many years.
The Americans countered with Kennedy's famous speech of 25 May 1961 announcing the intention to put a man on the Moon before the end of the decade.
Korolev was already planning to do just that. On 4 October 1959, his Luna 3 craft had already taken the first ever photographs of the previously-unseen far side of the Moon.
Meanwhile the programme of manned orbits went ahead, and by Summer 1963 there had been four manned flights. At this point Khrushchev decided he wanted another publicity coup. Korolev provided it in the form of Valentina Tereshkova, one of four women who made it through cosmonaut training. Khrushchev is reported to have selected Tereshkova himself, for having come from a working-class background and having herself worked in a textile factory.
The coup succeeded: Tereshkova went up in Vostok-6 on 16 June 1963 and became the first woman in space. By the end of her flight she had orbited the Earth 48 times and had spent more hours in space than all the USA's astronauts put together. As a practical flight, however, it disappointed Korolev: Tereshkova had fallen asleep for some time and had not completed all the tasks set her.
To some extent, the seeds of future failure had already been sown. As far back as 1953, when Korolev was asked to focus on developing the R7 rocket as an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, other projects were removed from his overview to a new design bureau in Dnepropetrovsk, headed by Korolev's assistant, Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel. Other design bureaux followed, and it was almost inevitable that they would begin to compete with one another -and with Korolev- for funds. Ironically, as the Americans combined their competing Army, Navy and Air Force projects under the aegis of NASA, the Russians were doing exactly the opposite. It was a costly mistake.
At the same time as Tereshkova made her giant leap for womankind, the Soviet space programme started to react to American plans rather than let the Americans react to theirs. Hearing of the Gemini programme to put a two-man capsule into orbit, Korolev was required to trump it in advance. He did so by redesigning the Vostok capsule to become the Voskhod, capable of seating two or even three cosmonauts. To do this meant compromising the safety of the occupants, and the engineers protested, particularly Feoktistov.
Korolev pulled a flanker: for the first flight of the three-man Voskhod on 12 October 1964 he offered one place to an engineer: Feoktistov. The other two were Komarov and Yegorov. Voskhod-1 made a 15-orbit flight, which was the only manned flight that year and brought the total Soviet cosmonaut hours in space to 455. The U.S. astronauts had a total of 54 hours.
The next coup followed quickly: on 18 March 1965, cosmonauts Belyayev and Leonov were launched in Voskhod 2 for a 17-orbit flight, during which Leonov made the first space walk, leaving the spacecraft and drifting out on an umbilical tether. The technical difficulties of leaving -and entering- the capsule were not publicised at the time; in using the collapsible airlock, which looked more like a shower-unit extended out of the capsule, Leonov traded on his luck.
But it was yet another record for the Soviet space programme: and characteristically, Korolev had something else up his sleeve. This was the Soyuz rocket. Derived from the R7, it used that rocket's first and second stages. Originally intended as the rocket to put a man into space, it was now ready for production and was planned for use in the race to put a man on the Moon. Its capsule had room for three cosmonauts and also boasted a separate working compartment. Meanwhile one of his design bureaux was already planning the next rocket, the N1, specifically for manned Moon missions.
Soyuz was to become the most-used rocket in the world, and Korolev's abiding memorial. The Chief Designer suffered from haemorrhoids, and in the Winter of 1965/66 he went into hospital for what should have been a routine operation.
It went wrong. Presumably septicaemia set in, and Korolyev died on 14th January 1966.
Only now was he publicly acknowledged, being awarded a burial in the Kremlin wall, as a hero of the Soviet Union. And on 31stJanuary came the launch of Luna 9, the first space vehicle to make a successful soft landing on the Moon. It looked as though Korolev's achievements would continue to keep the Soviet Union ahead.
Then on April 23 1967, cosmonaut Komarov was launched in the first manned flight of Korolev's Soyuz. But when the landing parachutes were deployed on re-entry the shroud lines became twisted, and Komarov plunged to his death. The Soviet space program was set back nearly two years. The N1 rocket never came to fruition. Coupled with the huge difference in funding between the rival USSR and USA space programmes, the leadership established by Korolev was to slip away. It was a sad end to a brave venture.
Korolev's Triple Play: Sputniks 1, 2 and 3 by James Harford www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik/harford.html
JPEG image of Korolev at http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik/korolev.jpg
Unpublished Drawings of the R7 rocket:
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Coca-Cola history began in 1886 when the curiosity of an Atlanta pharmacist, Dr. John S. Pemberton, led him to create a distinctive tasting soft drink that could be sold at soda fountains. He created a flavored syrup, took it to his neighborhood pharmacy, where it was mixed with carbonated water and deemed “excellent” by those who sampled it. Dr. Pemberton’s partner and bookkeeper, Frank M. Robinson, is credited with naming the beverage “Coca‑Cola” as well as designing the trademarked, distinct script, still used today.
Pemberton registered his French Wine Coca nerve tonic. In 1886.It was initially sold as a patent medicine for five cents.Pemberton claimed Coca-Cola cured many diseases, including morphine addiction, indigestion, nerve disorders, headaches, and impotence. Coca-Cola was first sold in Jacobs’ Pharmacy in Atlanta.
Prior to his death in 1888, just two years after creating what was to become the world’s #1-selling sparkling beverage, Dr. Pemberton sold portions of his business to various parties, with the majority of the interest sold to Atlanta businessman, Asa G. Candler. Under Mr. Candler’s leadership, distribution of Coca‑Cola expanded to soda fountains beyond Atlanta. In 1894, impressed by the growing demand for Coca‑Cola and the desire to make the beverage portable, Joseph Biedenharn installed bottling machinery in the rear of his Mississippi soda fountain, becoming the first to put Coca‑Cola in bottles. Large scale bottling was made possible just five years later, when in 1899, three enterprising businessmen in Chattanooga, Tennessee secured exclusive rights to bottle and sell Coca‑Cola. The three entrepreneurs purchased the bottling rights from Asa Candler for just $1. Benjamin Thomas, Joseph Whitehead and John Lupton developed what became the Coca‑Cola worldwide bottling system.
The Coca-Cola bottle, called the “contour bottle” within the company, was created by bottle designer Earl R. Dean. In 1915, The Coca-Cola Company launched a competition among its bottle suppliers to create a new bottle for their beverage that would distinguish it from other beverage bottles, “a bottle which a person could recognize even if they felt it in the dark, and so shaped that, even if broken, a person could tell at a glance what it was
Among the biggest challenges for early bottlers, were imitations of the beverage by competitors coupled with a lack of packaging consistency among the 1,000 bottling plants at the time. The bottlers agreed that a distinctive beverage needed a standard and distinctive bottle, and in 1916, the bottlers approved the unique contour bottle. The new Coca‑Cola bottle was so distinctive it could be recognized in the dark and it effectively set the brand apart from competition. The contoured Coca‑Cola bottle was trademarked in 1977.
Coca-Cola was first served at the Olympic Games in Amsterdam in 1928.
In 1931 the company began placing Coca-Cola ads in popular magazines. Archie Lee, the D’Arcy Advertising Agency executive working with The Coca-Cola Company, wanted the campaign to show a wholesome Santa who was both realistic and symbolic. So Coca-Cola commissioned Michigan-born illustrator Haddon Sundblom to develop advertising images using Santa Claus — showing Santa himself, not a man dressed as Santa.
In 1960 it began to pour out drink into tin, which earlier was only for army. From 1997 coca cola produces 2 liter plastic bottles.
In 1982 new coca cola drink Diet Coke was invented, which does not contain sugar and is less caloric.
Nowadays coca cola is one of the most known brand in the whole world. It is sold in almost 200 countries. On an average one million bottles of coca cola are sold in the whole world in a day.


Every guide book will tell you that Split is a city built around the palace of the Roman Emperor Diocletian, one of the best preserved and most impressive monuments of the Roman era in Europe. You will also read that the historic city core has been on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List since 1979. However, Split is not a city-museum; it’s a lively place thriving among the historical layers of its monuments. That’s why getting to know Split in one day might just prove to be a handful.
Rule number one – start with the most important sights, in other words, Diocletian Palace and the city core, including the most important city’s promenade Riva. The second “step”, if you have the time for it, should include Marjan and, depending on the time, one of the city’s beaches, maybe Bačvice, famous for “picigin”, a unique game founded on that very spot. What is really important, even during this kind of a quick tour, is that the most important part of urban life takes place right there, so your sightseeing tour will not be just a hectic rush from one monument to the next, but also an opportunity to join the locals in their everyday life.


Based on Aristophanes' Lysistrata
Lucy Strate or the Council of Nine
The Peloponnesian War was one of the crucial problems in the time of Aristophanes: they called it The War for a reason. There were historical, unsolvable conflicts between Athens and Sparta. There was a woman, Lysistrata, who got herself involved in politics in order to put an end to the war. She convinced other women (both from Athens and the hostile city of Sparta) to deny love from men until they make peace with each other.
In our contemporary life it is even harder to achieve peace. What does it mean to be a Lysistrata nowadays? What does it mean to be a female leader? And, after all: what does it mean to fight against fighting, to kill a war with its own weapons?
Suitable for ages 14+.


The history of Hotel Sanfelice can be traced back to 1645, the year in which Cavalier Carlo Sanfelice, (hence the name) Governor of Capri, became owner of the vast area of area of land surrounding the villa, at that time planted with fruit and citrus trees. At that time the building was home to the first lay sisters of the order of Maria Theresa, founded by the Venerable Mother Serafina, before the area today known as "Santa Teresa" was even built. Subsequently the villa was purchased by the Parish priest, father Costanzo Cerrotta, Chaplain officer of the Italian Navy, who authorized his brother Pietro, current owner, to convert it into a hotel.
Today Pietro Cerrotta is one of the oldest hoteliers in Capri with a wealth of experience amassed over the years; his career has been characterised by meetings and acquaintances with writers, artists and actors of the day to whom, thanks to his knowledge of English, he dedicated his exuberance and cordiality. In the Fifties his restaurant in the bay of Marina Piccola was a favourite haunt of celebrities of the calibre of Clark Gable, Mario Lanza, King Faruk of Egypt, Tza Tza Gabor, Aristotele Onassis, Maria Callas and many others. The simple and refined setting was also a result of the influence of Gloria Magnus, an English former dancer who fell in love with the azure island and with Pietro, known as "Uocchie Argiento" (Silver Eyes) on account of the silvery-blue colour of his eyes, and who was forever at his side during that golden era.
It was only in 1976 that Pietro was able to dedicate himself fully to managing the hotel; from that moment on he began an endless stream of improvements which in their stylishness and simplicity have turned the Hotel Sanfelice into a small jewel in an unforgettable island.


Hall of Fame
The GATE River Run and GATE Petroleum Company are proud to invite you to visit the GATE River Run Hall of Fame. The Hall, which was previously located on the concourse level of the Riverplace Tower, is temporarily unavailable for viewing.
The Hall features a 33 year history of the race with pictures, stories, t-shirts, programs, medals, posters and much more. There is a five minute introduction film at the entrance that will take you from the 1st years starting line to the 2002 american record by Deena Kastor. Also on display are the plaques of the inductees into the Hall of Fame.


Master Chief Kadir BÜKÜLMEZ was born and raised in İstanbul. He entered the Turkish Navy in 1987. He first attended the Navy Petty Officer School in İstanbul, then Navy Petty Officer Branch School in Karamürsel.
Master Chief BÜKÜLMEZ took Petty Officer Electronic Specialization Course in Derince Education and Training Center in 1992. His first sea duty was onboard TCG ANITTEPE, where he served as Operations Electronic Petty Officer for two years. Master Chief BÜKÜLMEZ had served onboard TCG ALBAY HAKKI BURAK and TCG MUAVENET from 1993 to 1998.
Master Chief Kadir BÜKÜLMEZ was among the first crew of TCG GAZİANTEP (The first "G" -Perry- Class Frigate in the Turkish Navy) during her transfer to Turkey in 1998 and also TCG GÖKOVA in 2002. He was promoted to the rank of Chief Petty Officer in 1998, to Senior Chief in 2002 and to Master Chief in 2007.
Master Chief Kadir BÜKÜLMEZ's shore tours include;
Master Chief BÜKÜLMEZ holds a B.S. degree in Economics, an M.S. Human Resources. He is currently pursuing his doctoral education in Working Economy and Industrial Relations. Master Chief BÜKÜLMEZ has attended NATO Petty Officer Instructor Course and NATO Intermediate Leadership Course.
Master Chief BÜKÜLMEZ became the 3rd Master Chief Petty Officer of the Turkish Navy as of August, 16, 2013. His decorations include NATO Medal for the former Yugoslavia.


I don’t think I’ve ever witnessed IHGR and its students and staff so full abuzz on a Monday like I did today. Yesterday, a new chapter was written in Swedish history. For some, it’s a dark day of shame that will take years to erase. For others, its a day of great victory.
For the first time, a non-socialistic party was secured power after being re-elected into a second term in Parliament. Another historic first was the Sweden Democrats gaining 5.7 % of votes and thus exceeding the 4 % needed to attain seats in Parliament. That’s about 400.000 out of approximately 7 million people that all think SD is a good idea. Exactly how and how much this will change and shape Sweden, only time can tell it seems.
Judging from all the Facebook posts I have to say: I don’t know about you guys, but I’m not leaving. Even if it means vacation courtesy of SD 😉
By: Sarah Ahassad. SP3B. Editor-in-Chief.


So what info does it have in there about Carolina Beach?
Carolina Beach, town in (southeast) New Hanover County on the Atlantic Ocean. Alt. 5. Settled about 1885; inc. 1925. Sugar Loaf, a former community at or near the site, was the scene of an engagement between Confederate and Union forces after the capitulation of Fort Fisher, January 15, 1865.
Carolina Beach Inlet, (southeast) New Hanover County, an artificially created inlet from the Atlantic Ocean through the barrier bar about 2 1/2 mi. (north) of the town of Carolina Beach. A dredged channel extends from the inlet to the Intracoastal Waterway.
Consider yourself "edumacated."
The North Carolina Gazetteer is published by UNC Press. To order one, click here.


Wuhan has an old history and rich cultural traditions. According to archaeological discoveries and ancient records, more than 10,000 years ago, some people had already settled down in Wuhan. Over 3,500 years ago, the light of urban civilization began to spark in Panlongcheng, an ancient city in the northern area of Wuhan at that time. It began to prosper as a commercial town about two thousand years ago, when it was called Yingwuzhou (Parrot beach). During the Three Kingdoms Period some 1,700 years ago, Wuhan was a noted battlefield. During the Song Dynasty (960-1279), the area became one of the most prosperous commercial centers along the Yangtze River. By the end of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Hankou had become one of the four most famous cities in China. Today, Wuhan is the political, economic, and cultural center of Central China. Wuhan can be reached by air with a 2-hour flight time from Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou, or by train with a 4 hours journey from Guangzhou, 5 hours from Beijing, and 6 hours from Shanghai.


As we have seen in previous chapters, the idea of a round reading room was far from new. What was revolutionary was the scale, Panizzi’s idea of having the librarians at the centre and the readers rangedaround them, and placing huge stacks adjacent to the reading room on the same level. The Bibliothèque Nationale took up the latter idea and went one stage further: since its stacks were visible from the reading room, it made the act of fetching the books into aspectacle. The round reading room became a theme that occurred again and again in the following century in libraries such as the Picton Library in Liverpool,(1879), the Library of Parliament, Ottawa (1880), the Königliche Bibliothek in Berlin (1914), Stockholm City Library (1924) and Manchester Central Library (1934). The most famous library inspired by Panizzi’s round reading room is the Library of Congress in Washington DC.
About the book: A library is not just a collection of books, but also the buildings that house them. As varied and inventive as the volumes they hold, such buildings can be much more than the dusty, dark wooden shelves found in mystery stories or the catacombs of stacks in the basements of academia. From the great dome of the Library of Congress, to the white façade of the Seinäjoki Library in Finland, to the ancient ruins of the library of Pergamum in modern Turkey, the architecture of a library is a symbol of its time as well as of its builders’ wealth, culture, and learning.
Architectural historian James Campbell and photographer Will Pryce traveled the globe together, visiting and documenting over eighty libraries that exemplify the many different approaches to thinking about and designing libraries. The result of their travels, The Library: A World History is one of the first books to tell the story of library architecture around the world and through time in a single volume, from ancient Mesopotamia to modern China and from the beginnings of writing to the present day. As these beautiful and striking photos reveal, each age and culture has reinvented the library, molding it to reflect their priorities and preoccupations—and in turn mirroring the history of civilization itself. Campbell’s authoritative yet readable text recounts the history of these libraries, while Pryce’s stunning photographs vividly capture each building’s structure and atmosphere. To read about the Author, click hereWhat others say about the book:
1. Lost Beginnings: Libraries in the Ancient World
2. Cloisters, Codices, and Chests: Libraries in the Middle Ages
3. Cupboards, Chains, and Stalls: Libraries in the 16th Century
4. Walls, Domes, and Alcoves: Libraries in the 17th Century
5. Angels, Frescoes, and Secret Doors: Libraries in the 18th Century
6. Iron Stacks, Gaslights, and Card Catalogues: Libraries in the 19th Century
7. Electricity, Concrete, and Steel: Libraries in the 20th Century
8. The Future of Libraries in the Electronic Age
Pictures of sixteen libraries, info courtesy: Bookwyrme's Lair: "This article in The Telegraph, "The Most Spectacular Libraries in the World" has some of the images with brief descriptions of the libraries in question."
See also books by James W. P. Campbell :
- Brick: A World History by James W. P. Campbell
- Building St Paul's by James W.P. Campbell
- Staircases: History, Repair and Conservation by James W. P. Campbell
- Burning Books and Leveling Libraries by Prof. Rebe...
- Better by Design(library buildings) by Ayub Khan
- Browsing the Toronto Public Library stacks for inspiration
- Among the world's most beautiful library buildings, two are Canadian, eh? @ mentalfloss.com
The Best Bottomline of the Year 2009 by Dan Lett --(library buildings) includes: Vancouver Public Library / Winnipeg Public Library – Millennium Library
Librarians at the gate-- includes the Toronto Reference Library


Alpena has a rich cultural environment with many of the aspects you would expect to find in a larger metropolitan area. Walk with dinosaurs, sail through a Great Lakes storm, paddle in a kayak, or snowshoe the backcountry. Whatever the season, there are always things to see and do in the Sanctuary of the Great Lakes.
Besser Museum for Northeast Michigan - An educational institution dedicated to serving the public of all ages and abilities in art, history and science of Northeast Michigan. The Museum has an extensive collection of art that cannot be found anywhere else in Northeast Michigan. You can dig for fossils in the Lafarge Fossil Park and keep all the fossils you find. Stroll through the Museum's replica of a 1890's Avenue of Shops. Explore the lumbering and farming history of Northeast Michigan. Visit the Peoples of Lakes and Forest Gallery, which houses a variety of Prehistoric and Native American artifacts unique to this region. Take time to explore the historic buildings on the Museum's campus. See the Foucault pendulum which gives visual proof the Earth is rotating while demonstrating Newton's Law of Motion. The only Planetarium in Northeast Michigan, the Besser Museum Sky Theater, is open every Saturday at 2 p.m.
Hundreds of years of nautical commerce have created a rich landscape of maritime history and culture in the Alpena area. A destination maritime heritage center with exhibits and programs, museums with nautical exhibits, seven area lighthouses and maritime trails, tours and events bring the stories of ship captains, sailors and lighthouse keepers to life.
Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center (NOAA) - The Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary preserves a national treasure, nearly 200 historic shipwrecks in and around the bay. Lake Huron’s cold, fresh water preserves many of these shipwrecks intact and in water depths ranging from a few inches to 200 feet, making the sanctuary a popular destination for divers, snorkelers and kayakers. You can explore the history and archaeology of these wrecks at the Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center, the Sanctuary's 20,000 square foot river front headquarters. Exhibits on Great Lakes maritime history and shipwrecks include the new "Exploring the Shipwreck Century" exhibit, a 9,000 square ft. permanent exhibit where visitors can experience elements of a traditional maritime museum combined with a hands-on discovery center featuring life-sized recreations of an historic Great Lakes schooner and shipwreck sites, artifact displays, and interactive learning stations on technology and diving.
Glass Bottom Boat Shipwreck Tours - Experience the Great Lakes and their rich history, above and below the waves! Explore the shipwrecks of the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The crystal clear waters and our large viewing wells allow you to 'dive' the wrecks without getting wet. Departing from just outside the back door of the Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center, our tour boat will take you on a journey back in time where you will be able to virtually touch shipwrecks that have been submerged for hundreds of years.
Visitors can enjoy beautifully restored and preserved historic homes along tree-lined Washington Avenue, State Street and First Avenue. Alpena’s historic homes, some dating back to the 19th century, capture the look and spirit of a long-past era. Examples of Gothic Revival, Italianate, Romanesque and early 20th century Commercial, Beaux arts and Renaissance revival structures can be found. This is a self-guided driving or walking tour; homes are not open to the public. Stop by the Chamber office to get a complete list of historic homes and buildings or download it here.
Art in the Loft is Northeast Michigan’s premier arts center and gallery. Their mission is to enrich the quality of life in Northeast Michigan through an arts center that offers learning opportunities and increases public participation in the arts. Each season is filled with special events, activities, exhibits and workshops. The Loft hosts an array of popular community events throughout the year. Many opportunities are available for all ages to participate as an exhibiting artist, volunteer or to learn new skills and discover your own creativity. The gallery is open to the public and can be rented for private functions.
The Thunder Bay Arts Council Office and Gallery provides a home for the Thunder Bay Arts Council and its programs of visual and performing arts in the community of Northeast Michigan. The Thunder Bay Arts Council hosts a series of performing arts events throughout the year, including Annual Showcase Series, Community Chorus, Alpena Symphony, Guitar Summit, and Community Showcase. Also, every July, the Thunder Bay Arts Council hosts Art on the Bay at Bay View Park on the shores of Lake Huron in downtown Alpena during the annual Brown Trout Festival. Over 100 fine artists and crafters exhibit and sell their work at one of Northeast Michigan's premier open air fine arts and crafts fairs.
Alpena County George N Fletcher Public Library, Northern Michigan's largest library features collections such as Genealogy, Best-Sellers, Large-Print, Audios, Videos, CD-Roms, Internet, Word Processors, 12 Newspapers/ 242 Magazines. They also have the largest collection of 19th century Great Lakes ship photographs and records in the entire world! Some of their events include Authors in the Fall and Children's Book Club.
Alpena Civic Theatre - Live theater performances for over 40 years. All-volunteer membership, offering fine entertainment from musicals to drama and comedies.
Thunder Bay Theatre - Located in a historic building in “Old Town” the theater provides a year-round schedule of programs, including main stage productions, in-house and touring children’s shows and drama workshops.
Great performances at the Alpena Fine Arts Band Shell, Alpena High School Auditorium, the Alpena County Library and Alpena Community College’s Granum Theatre are scheduled throughout the year. For a complete list of events check out the Community Events Calendar.
Lighthouse Tours - The only lighthouse on Alpena’s coastline is a skeletal structure called "The Alpena Light." Take a boat tour to see the tower and building on Middle Island, or experience the life of a keeper by spending the night. Two of the oldest and most interesting lighthouses on the shores of Lake Huron are located within one mile of each other in Presque Isle, about 20 miles north of Alpena. The "Old Light" was built in 1840 and the "New Light" was built in 1870. Towering 113 feet above Lake Huron, the "New" is the tallest light structure on Lake Huron. Other nearby lighthouses include the 40 Mile Point Lighthouse near Rogers City and the Sturgeon Point Lighthouse near Harrisville. Most lighthouses are open mid-May through mid-October. A self-guided driving tour of key northern Lake Huron lighthouses coastline destinations is available here.


11.11.2011 - 14.11.2011 32 °C
It seems when faced with some uncertainty about the past, some people uncomfortable with the ambiguity invent an explanation that generally involves aliens. Easter Island, or Rapa Nui, is one such place. The island was populated by aliens, of course, and that explains the strange-looking statues or maois. And the Nasca lines that I visited in Peru were alien landing strips and the existence of the 'astronaut' motif on the side of a hill is conclusive evidence.
I feel very privileged to have visited the island - it's around 4,000km from both Chile and Tahiti - the naval of the world as the original inhabitants called it. It was populated by Polynesians around 400AD when they set sail to find new lands to populate. There was devastating deforestation of the island during their time and the population shrunk from 15,000 to 3,000 by the time the Dutch 'discovered' it in 1722 on Easter Sunday. Regan to note, the Easter Bunny does not live there.
There were two cults on the island. Ancestor worship which led to the creation of moais from the rock of one volcano on the island. Each looks slightly different and is supposed to represent the person who has died. Statues were transported across the island and around 800 remain, all facing inwards except the moais representing the explorers who first landed - they face out to sea.
Later the islanders invented the bird man cult, (manutara), whereby a competition was held every year between a representative of each tribe. Chosen by the leaders, they would climb down a cliff, dive into the sea and swim across to Motu Nui, a nearby islet, to search for the first egg of the new season laid by a Sooty Tern. The first swimmer to return with an egg would secure control of the island's resources for his tribe for the rest of the year. This tradition was still in existence at the time of first contact by Europeans.
I was struck by how unspoiled and relaxed the island was. The 'main' town was not a tourist trap but a sleepy single story village. The various reconstructed moai sites and bird man ritual areas were free from the usual trappings and where in the natural state left by their creators. You are left with just the beauty of the objects, island and the sea to enjoy. It's all very relaxed and you can't help but feel there is a resonance between you and the maois as you exchange serene gazes. I wad totally transported by the experience.
A volcano crater filled with fresh water that was used as recently as two generations ago for washing clothes and fresh water. My guide's grandmother used to hike up and down to the water as a matter of course to collect grapes and oranges to eat. A row of maois standing guard over a perfectly white sandy beach. A stone with holes and carved vagina symbols used by the locals as a horn to communicate with other villages. Diving with turtles in 40m visibility. Singing hymns in the church on Sunday in Tahitian with a live band as the bible wasn't translated into Rapa Nui. Wonderful, wonderful - if you have the opportunity please go.


SILLIMAN HALL was built in 1909 as an addition to form an "L" with the original building built in 1902, now demolished. Silliman Institute was founded by a Christian Philanthropist, Horace B. Silliman, of Cohoes, New York. This building is considered the oldest wooden structure of Eastern Stick Style of American architecture in the Philippines. The ground floor, popularly known as the Assembly Hall, has cast iron columns and ornate metal pan ceiling salvaged from the debris of a theater in New York. For many years, (before the University Church and Luce Auditorium were built) the social and cultural events of the University including the mid-week Convocation and Sunday Worship Service were held in the Assembly Hall.
THE MUSEUM on the second floor was established in 1970 by Dr. Hubert I. Reynolds, an American Presbyterian missionary and former faculty member of the Sociology-Anthropology Department of Silliman University to house the collection of the Cultural Research Center that started in 1964. The exhibits are rare and priceless collections of ethnographic and archaeological artifacts which date back as early as 200 BC.
Through the initiative of the Center of Excellence in Coastal Resource Management (COE-CRM) as funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) with the support of the Silliman University Administration, the restoration of Silliman Hall to its 1909 Eastern Stick Style was completed.
Click here to view Museum Policy


Tuesday 11th November marks Armistice day (also known as Remembrance Day or Poppy Day in the UK), the day in 1918 when on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month an armistice was signed between the Allied Forces and Germany that resulted in a ceasefire on the western front and marked the beginning of the end of World War I. The day is used to commemorate members of the armed forces that have died in the line of duty, with services and memorials held in locations in many countries across the world.
While many people were lost to physical injury as a result of the conflict, many others had to endure disease and parasitism as a result of the poor living conditions in the trenches. At Bugbitten we thought the 11th November might be an appropriate time to highlight some of the parasites and pathogens that were prevalent in the trenches during World War I.
“Trench fever”, as the name suggests was a disease that was prevalent in the trenches in World War I. It was first reported from troops in Flanders in 1915 when individuals suffered from the sudden onset of a febrile illness that relapsed in 5 day cycles. At the time the aetiological agent responsible for the disease was unknown.
Although not a severe illness, an estimated 380,000-520,000 members of the British Army were affected between 1915 and 1918. This had obvious implications for the strength of the fighting force due to the large numbers of men that were incapacitated due to the illness. Consequently, much research was carried out to identify the causative agent and the mechanism of transmission of the disease.
Due to the similarity of the Trench fever to Malaria, with its relapsing bouts, it was postulated that the agent could be transmitted by some of the insects found it the trenches and likely by the human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus, as the disease was prevalent in the winter when other vectors, such as flies, were not.
Transmission experiments conducted by both American and British led groups concluded that the human body louse was indeed a vector of the disease via infectious bite,s but that a more common route of transmission was the inoculation of louse excreta into the body through broken skin.
Attempts to find a treatment for the disease were unsuccessful and prevention focussed on “delousing” of clothes via insecticides. At the time the causative agent was identified and grouped with the Rickettsia and named “Rickettsia quintana” and after the war 6000 men in Britain still attributed their disability as a result of the war to Trench Fever.
The genus has expanded rapidly since the 1990s and Bartonella are considered an emerging group of pathogens consisting of over 30 taxa (and many new candidate species) which have been implicated in a wide range of clinical syndromes of humans including Cat Scratch Disease and endocarditis.
They infect a wide range of mammalian hosts and are transmitted by a variety of blood sucking arthropods across the world. Trench Fever is not strictly a disease of the trenches, cases still occur in today but most commonly in the homeless population.
A recent paleoparasitology study published in PLOS ONE found that range of Soldiers in World War I not only contracted vector-borne diseases but also suffered from intestinal parasites. “Kilianstollen” was a German underground bunker located in the Alsace region in France constructed during the Winter of 1915/1916. On 18th March 1918, 34 German
infantry soldiers sought refuge from heavy French shelling in the gallery when it collapsed on top of them and 21 soldiers were killed. The gallery was subsequently excavated in 2011 and the 21 bodies recovered, 3 of these were assessed for infection with intestinal parasites.
Sediment samples from the abdominal cavity of the soldiers were rehydrated, sieved and examined for the presence of intestinal helminth eggs. Two of the 3, a 20 year old soldier and a 35 year old sergeant, were infected with a range of helminths including Ascaris, Trichuris, Capillaria and Taenia spp.
The authors suggested the presence of Ascaris, Trichuris and Taenia were likely due to a range of factors associated with war including bad hygiene and the poor management of waste and poor food preparation.
Capillaria infections are less common in humans but may have been the result of transfer from rats that were abundant in the trenches and were occasionally eaten. Given that 2 of the 3 examined were infected and with a diversity of parasites it is likely that intestinal infection may have been common among soldiers during World War I.
Aside from the injury and suffering caused directly by the war itself, the poor living conditions obviously led to a range of other conditions affecting the health of soldiers in the trenches and the information presented above probably only presents a snapshot of the range of conditions that the soldiers would have had to endure.


By [Your Name]
The Indian rupee has a long and fascinating history that dates back to colonial times. From its establishment under the British Raj to its current status as the official currency of the Republic of India, the rupee has witnessed significant changes and fluctuations in value against other global currencies, particularly the US dollar. In this article, we will explore the journey of the Indian rupee and its exchange rates with the USD over the years.
The Indian rupee can trace its origins back to the 16th century when the Mughal Empire introduced the silver rupee as its currency. However, it was during the colonial era under British rule that the rupee gained prominence. In 1835, the British East India Company took control of the Indian currency, and the Indian rupee was standardized as the official currency. The rupee was initially pegged to the British pound and was set at a value of 1 rupee = 1 shilling and 6 pence.
In the early 20th century, as the global monetary system evolved, the rupee underwent several changes in its valuation. In 1898, India adopted the gold standard, linking the rupee to gold at a fixed price. However, due to various economic factors and the impact of World War I, the rupee was temporarily delinked from gold in 1919. This resulted in significant fluctuations in its value against other currencies, including the US dollar.
India gained independence from British rule in 1947, and the Indian rupee continued to be the country's official currency. In the post-independence era, the rupee remained pegged to the British pound until 1951 when India adopted a peg to the US dollar under the Bretton Woods system.
Under the Bretton Woods system, the Indian rupee was fixed at a rate of 1 USD = 4.76 INR. This exchange rate remained stable for nearly two decades, providing stability for international trade and economic growth in India. However, the Bretton Woods system collapsed in 1971, leading to the abandonment of fixed exchange rates and the introduction of floating exchange rates.
After the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, the Indian rupee transitioned to a floating exchange rate regime. This meant that the value of the rupee against the USD and other currencies was determined by market forces, supply, and demand. The exchange rate of the rupee with the USD fluctuated significantly during this period, influenced by various economic factors such as inflation, interest rates, and foreign capital flows.
In recent years, the Indian rupee has experienced notable fluctuations in value against the US dollar. Factors such as global economic conditions, geopolitical events, and domestic economic policies have influenced these fluctuations. The Indian government and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) often intervene in the foreign exchange market to manage excessive volatility in the currency.
As of [current year], the exchange rate between the Indian rupee and the US dollar stands at approximately 1 USD = [exchange rate] INR. However, it is important to note that exchange rates are subject to change due to market dynamics and economic factors.
The journey of the Indian rupee from colonial times to the present day has been marked by significant changes in its value against the US dollar. From being pegged to the British pound to its transition to a floating exchange rate regime, the rupee's exchange rate history reflects the economic and political developments of India. Understanding these fluctuations and the factors that influence exchange rates is essential for businesses, investors, and individuals involved in international trade and finance.


Rumours: an Anarcha-Feminist anthology
published by Dark Star, Rebel Press
The feminist movement that began in the late '60s developed its own organisational form and practice, at the heart of which lay the small group - for example for consciousness-raising - often composed of close friends. From a base of thousands of such groups grew the larger, international movement.
In its early years the feminist movement was notable for its absence of leaders (and led), its decentralism, its federalism - best witnessed in the thousands of magazines, newspapers and pamphlets that wove the movement together - its complete lack of dogma and its denial of any one ideology or line. Lastly, springing from all this, its overall emphasis upon a non-hierarchical movement. It must be pointed out that all these forms of organisation appeared spontaneously without any external direction or preconceived programme.
By the mid '70s most of these principles were in real danger of being forgotten as the movement became dominated by political ideologies, ideologies that some women regarded as essentially male, for example marxism and its many brands. Also the movement began to be directed towards mass and reformist campaigns which were often inherently hierarchical and centrist and of course intended to appeal to the ultimate expression of the patriarchy - the state.
For those feminists already aware of anarchist ideas the dangers of these developments were immediately clear and all too familiar. The anarcha-feminist critique gained popularity and was widely studied. The first English anarcha-feminist groups appeared in 1977 and soon grew to a national network with its own bulletins and newspaper, with two national and several regional conferences. Throughout this period the Black Bear group was busily publishing pamphlets on anarcha-feminism, all of which were extremely popular, going through several reprints and selling in their thousands.
But by 1980 the anarcha-ferninist movement had to all intents and purposes ceased to function. It seems, looking back, rather shortlived. For one thing it faced opposition not only from marxist and reformist feminists but also from the traditional, and male-dominated, anarchist movement, which regarded anarcha-feminists as some kind of threat to its position. Partly because of all this, anarcha-feminists moved away into other areas of activity, particularly the growing anti-nuclear movement.
However, a great demand still exists for the pamphlets first published by Black Bear and so they are now collected together for the first time in Quiet Rumours. Hopefully their reappearance will once again stimulate readers to consider and recognise the value of their arguments.
Last Updated 26th February 2000
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2023, Vol. 4, Issue 2, Part A
Hindu mathematics in the early classical period
Author(s): Anil Chandra Jha, Dinesh Panthi and Shailendra Kumar Mishra
Abstract: Hindu Mathematics is an ancient system of mathematical knowledge that was developed and practiced during the early classical period, from 500 BC to 500 AD. This period saw the emergence of a number of notable mathematicians and scholars who made significant contributions to the field of mathematics. By the time of this period, Hindu mathematicians had systematized most of the basic procedures of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and trigonometry that are taught in schools today, as well as many more that are more advanced and of importance in mathematics. This paper aims to provide an overview of some of the key developments in Hindu mathematics during this period, with a particular focus on the work of Jaina, Piṅgala, the Bakṣālī Manuscript, and Āryabhaṭa I.
Pages: 17-21 | Views: 129 | Downloads: 34
Download Full Article: Click Here
How to cite this article:
Anil Chandra Jha, Dinesh Panthi and Shailendra Kumar Mishra. Hindu mathematics in the early classical period. Journal of Mathematical Problems, Equations and Statistics. 2023; 4(2): 17-21. DOI: 10.22271/math.2023.v4.i2a.100


Now, to far better acquaint 21st-century Americans with the movement’s history, comes the Civil Rights Digital Library, the solution of years of analysis and an comprehensive network of partnerships, which includes with the nonprofit publisher of American Literature, The Library of America.
The Civil Rights Digital Library (CRDL) is the newest initiative of the Digital Library of Georgia and is the most ambitious and complete digital archive of the national Civil Rights Movement to date. At the forefront of the digital library is an on the internet video archive featuring extra than 30 hours of unedited historical news film chronicling the civil rights struggle in numerous southern cities. These contain unaired and unedited footage of the Atlanta sit-ins, Freedom Rides, the 1968 Poor People’s Campaign, Martin Luther King Jr.’s reaction to President Kennedy’s assassination, his acceptance of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and his funeral.
Considerably of the inspiration for the project came from The Library of America’s publication in 2003 of the two-volume collection Reporting Civil Rights: American Journalism 1941-1973. Hailed by O: The Oprah Magazine as “a crucial national resource,” Reporting Civil Rights brings with each other practically 200 newspaper and magazine reports and characteristics by 151 writers, which includes David Halberstam, Robert Penn Warren, Ralph Ellison, Anne Moody.
“We anticipate that the Civil Rights Digital Library will continue to develop via our partnerships with allied organizations across the U.S. like The Library of America,” mentioned Toby Graham, director of the Digital Library of Georgia, primarily based at the University of Georgia. “With each other with other colleges and universities, libraries and contributing institutions, customers are in a position to access uncommon and priceless pieces of American history at the click of a mouse.”
“This is definitely a civil rights portal, delivering a seamless virtual library on the Movement,” mentioned Dr. Barbara McCaskill, an English professor at the University of Georgia, whose interest and function helped inspire the Civil Rights Digital Library. “By way of the Library, we can practically eyewitness the pivotal events that shaped American life these days.”
“The Civil Rights Digital Library serves as an perfect companion to Reporting Civil Rights,” observes Library of America publisher Max Rudin, “permitting readers to encounter initially-hand the searing pictures and inspiring stories that the journalists in our collection transformed so memorably into some of the most effective writing in all of American letters.”
Reporting Civil Rights is obtainable wherever books are sold, or from the Library of America’s internet site, exactly where you are going to also discover authoritative collections of the pretty ideal of American literature. The Library of America is the nonprofit publisher of deluxe, uniform editions of American literature, which includes numerous volumes of journalism like Reporting Civil Rights.


About Harrison Pond
Harrison Pond is named after Mr. Harrison, the original owner who was a lawyer and "gentleman farmer." Harrison Pond began as a horse farm when the Rocky Fork Hunt Club used to hold fox hunts on the property. The original Harrison homestead was located at the site of our pool & shelter house. The remaining land was cornfield, woods, and the pond.
As late as 1992, our neighborhood was actually part of New Albany, though was subsequently annexed to Gahanna. This is why we have a New Albany mailing address: for the convenience of the original homeowners it was never changed. The three “corral” areas along Morse Road are still owned and maintained by The New Albany Company, but all our services come from the City of Gahanna, and of course, we are part of Gahanna School System.
Now that our neighborhood is complete, we have 551 homes, a pool and pool house, the “big pond” surrounded by a walking path and Gazebo. We’ve built a playground by the pool, and on the eastern end of the neighborhood we have Headley Park, which is home to the Gahanna League soccer fields.


Through War & Peace Historical Beauty still Strives
- Primarily Excavated by Archaeologist Bryan Davis and his Family. Giving these Artifacts a new life and taking the knowledge of history to a new level.
100% Family Business
Charleston Underground is a private Archeological firm based in Summerville SC. We conduct archeological digs all throughout the Lowcountry of South Carolina and in Western North Carolina.
In 2002, our oldest daughter Hannah, who had just turned 3, picked up a piece of pottery at one of our excavations and stated that she wanted a necklace made out of it. This was the birth of what has become known as Artifactual Adornments.
We have the wonderful opportunity to uncover treasures from the past and transform those relics into unique one of a kind creation.
The excavated artifact starts out being recovered from its hiding place in the earth by us. Once it is cataloged for the excavation it begins a journey through six different steps: preservation, cleaning, shaping, smoothing, drilling, and then beading. At that end point we are able to offer the historical artifacts in a way that all can see and appreciate.
As we enter into 2019 we are celebrating our 17th year of working together as a family to bring you our Artifactual Adornments.
Photo starting from the left: Tabbetha, Bridgette, Bethany, Kayla, Hannah, Bryan.
One of a Kind Jewelry
- Created by Bryan & Bridgette Davis along with their 4 daughters
From Delicate to Delightful
- Each piece carefully handcrafted or custom made to fit our customers desires


Independent Board Member
Todd has over 25 years of real estate experience in North America and Europe. As one of the founding executives and former Chief Executive Officer of TriGranit Development Corporation, he was an integral part of the senior management team from 1997-2006. During this time the company established operations in 12 countries throughout Central & Eastern Europe, developed a large portfolio of award-winning projects and positioned TriGranit as one of the leading developers in Central and Eastern Europe.
Prior to this, Todd held various positions within Trizec Properties in the areas of property management, asset management, development and investment during the years 1992 to 1996.


Guided walking tour medina of Marrakech – Half Day
On this exciting half-day guided tour, you’ll discover the intricate amaze and the rich historical past and colorful present of Marrakech. Stroll along the bustling alleyways and see the mosques, traditional bakeries, old lodging houses and fountains carved of wood.
You will explore the medina and its labyrinth of narrow streets and famous historical sites. Visit the 16th Century Medrassa of Ben Youssef and Marrakech Museum. Finally emerge yourself onto the lively Djemma el Fna Square.
Mingle with the popular entertainers, musicians, acrobats, snake charmers, story tellers and water sellers. At the end of the tour you will be returned to your accommodation or you have the option to continue your sightseeing at leisur
* Marrakech Half Day Tour Highlights
* Tour Informations
* What’s Included
* What’s Not Included
|Group||2 Pax||3-4 Pax||5-9 Pax||+10 People|
|Price Per Person||30 € P/P||25 € P/P||18 € P/P||12 € P/P|


Please visit the members section for the BHVS archives
Now available in the members section is the BHVS archives.
The first posting in this section are the records of the “Peacock Club”. These record the meetings of a group of distinguished physicians and surgeons from Guy’s, St Thomas and the Brompton Hospitals who convened at Guy’s Hospital approximately monthly from 21 April 1948 to 12 March 1956. These included Mr Russel Brock, later Lord Brock, who set up the club, Mr Kelsey Fry, Dr Waterfield, Dr Sokolow, Dr Baker and Dr Trounce. Dr Maurice Campbell was the first secretary and is important as the first editor of the British Heart Journal, later Heart, and for a series of papers on the natural history of unoperated valve disease.