1 (electronics) an nonlinear electronic circuit whose output is limited in amplitude; used to limit the instantaneous amplitude of a waveform (to clip off the peaks of a waveform); "a limiter introduces amplitude distortion" [syn: limiter]
2 a fast sailing ship used in former times [syn: clipper ship]
3 shears for cutting grass or shrubbery [syn: clippers]
4 scissors for cutting hair or finger nails [syn: clippers]
anything that clips
- Finnish: leikkuri
fast sailing ship
A clipper was a very fast sailing ship of the 19th century that had multiple masts and a square rig. They were generally narrow for their length, could carry limited bulk freight, small by later 19th century standards, and had a large total sail area. Clipper ships were mostly made in British and American shipyards, though France, the Netherlands and other nations also produced some. Clippers sailed all over the world, primarily on the trade routes between the United Kingdom and its colonies in the east, in trans-Atlantic trade, and the New York-to-San Francisco route round Cape Horn during the California Gold Rush. Dutch clippers were built beginning in 1850s for the tea trade and passenger service to Java.
The term clipper as applied to ships may derive from the idea of them cutting through the water. Clipper bows were distinctively narrow and heavily raked forward, which allowed them to rapidly clip through the waves. The cutting notion is also suggested by the other class of vessel built for speed, the cutter. One of the meanings of clip since the 17th century is "to fly or move quickly", possibly deriving from the sound of wings. The term clipper originally applied to a fast horse and most likely derives from the term clip meaning "speed", as in "going at a good clip". The most famous fast horse was called "Clipper". The Oxford English Dictionary says its earliest quotation in English is from 1830. Cutler reports the first newspaper appearance was in 1835, and by then the term was apparently familiar. An often-quoted but probably incorrect derivation of the term clipper is "they clipped time off a voyage". It was a type of faster transportation.
In the United States, "clipper" referred to the Baltimore clipper, a topsail schooner developed in Chesapeake Bay before the American Revolution. It was lightly armed in the War of 1812, sailing under Letters of Marque and Reprisal, when the type — exemplified by Chasseur, launched at Fells Point, Baltimore in 1814 — became known for her incredible speed; a deep draft enabled the Baltimore clipper to sail close to the wind.
The first archetypal clipper, with sharply raked stem, counter stern and square rig, was Annie McKim, built in Baltimore in 1833. Clippers, running the British blockade of Baltimore, came to be recognized for speed rather than cargo space; while traditional merchant ships were accustomed to average speeds of under ,clippers aimed at or better. Some could reach . The fastest recorded speed for any sailing vessel was a clipper, Sovereign of the Seas, traveling at in 1854.
Clippers were built for seasonal trades such as tea, where an early cargo was more valuable, or for passenger routes. The small, fast ships were ideally suited to low-volume, high-profit goods, such as spices, tea, people, and mail. The values could be spectacular. The Challenger returned from Shanghai with "the most valuable cargo of tea and silk ever to be laden in one bottom". Competition among the clippers was public and fierce, with their times recorded in the newspapers. The ships had low expected lifetimes and rarely outlasted two decades of use before they were broken up for salvage. Given their speed and maneuverability, clippers frequently mounted cannon or carronade and were often employed in piracy, privateering, smuggling, or interdiction service.
Departures of clipper ships, mostly from New York City and Boston, Massachusetts to San Francisco, California, were advertised by clipper ship sailing cards, and represented the first pronounced use of color in American advertising art.
China clippers and the epitome of sailThe most significant clippers were the China clippers, also called Tea clippers, designed to ply the trade routes between Europe and the East Indies. The last example of these still in reasonable condition is Cutty Sark, preserved in dry dock at Greenwich, United Kingdom, although she suffered extensive damage in a fire on 21 May 2007.
The last China clippers were acknowledged as the fastest sail vessels. When fully rigged and riding a tradewind, they had peak average speeds over . The Great Tea Race of 1866 showcased their speed. China clippers are also the fastest commercial sailing vessels ever made. Their speeds have been exceeded many times by modern yachts, but never by a commercial sail vessel.
Decline in the use of clippers started with the economic slump following the Panic of 1857 and continued with the gradual introduction of the steamship. Although clippers could be much faster than early steamships, they depended on the vagaries of the wind, while steamers could keep to a schedule. The steam clipper was developed around this time, and had auxiliary steam engines which could be used in the absence of wind. An example was Royal Charter, built in 1857 and wrecked on the coast of Anglesey in 1859. The final blow was the Suez Canal, opened in 1869, which provided a great shortcut for steamships between Europe and Asia, but was difficult for sailing ships to use. With the absence of the tea trade, some clippers began operating in the wool trade, between Britain and Australia.
Although many clipper ships were built in the mid-19th century, Cutty Sark was, perhaps until recently, the only survivor. Falls of Clyde is a well-preserved example of a more conservatively designed, slower contemporary of the clippers, which was built for general freight in 1878. Other surviving examples of clippers of the era are less well preserved, for example City of Adelaide (a.k.a. S.V. Carrick'').
During the first and second World Wars, several battleships and aircraft carriers were built with a "clipper bow" for improved hydrodynamic efficiency. The clipper bow on carriers was an American peculiarity, Japanese ships did not feature it and British ships had the similar but differently-shaped "hurricane bow," whose purpose was to, like the clipper bow, improve hydrodynamic efficiency and, unlike the clipper bow, protect the hangar deck from spray.
In 2000, two new clippers were built: Stad Amsterdam and Cisne Branco (Brazilian Navy). They are not replicas of any one ship, but an attempt to combine what their builders consider the "best" qualities of clipper ships.
Notable clipper ships
- Carl C. Cutler, Greyhounds of the Sea (1930, 3rd ed. Naval Institute Press 1984)
- Alexander Laing, Clipper Ship Men (1944)
- David R. MacGregor, Fast Sailing Ships: Their Design and Construction, 1775-1875 Naval Institute Press, 1988 ISBN 0-87021-895-6 index
- Oxford English Dictionary (1987) ISBN 0-19-861212-5.
- Bruce D. Roberts, Clipper Ship Cards: The High-Water Mark in Early Trade Cards, The Advertising Trade Card Quarterly 1, no. 1 (Spring 1994): 20-22.
- Bruce D. Roberts, Clipper Ship Cards: Graphic Themes and Images, The Advertising Trade Card Quarterly 1, no. 2 (Summer 1994): 22-24.
- Bruce D. Roberts, Museum Collections of Clipper Ship Cards, The Advertising Trade Card Quarterly 2, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 22-24.
- Bruce D. Roberts, Selling Sail with Clipper Ship Cards, Ephemera News 19, no. 2 (Winter 2001): 1, 11-14.
- Villiers, Capt. Alan, 1973. Men, Ships and the Sea (National Geographic Society)
clipper in Belarusian: Кліпер
clipper in Bulgarian: Клипер (кораб)
clipper in Danish: Klipper
clipper in German: Klipper
clipper in Spanish: Clíper
clipper in French: Clipper
clipper in Korean: 클리퍼
clipper in Indonesian: Kliper
clipper in Icelandic: Klippari
clipper in Italian: Clipper (nave)
clipper in Dutch: Klipper
clipper in Japanese: クリッパー (船)
clipper in Norwegian: Klipper
clipper in Polish: Kliper (żaglowiec)
clipper in Russian: Клипер (парусное судно)
clipper in Slovak: Kliper (plachetnica)
clipper in Finnish: Klipperi
clipper in Swedish: Klipperskepp


The history of printing is quite short, as it refers to the way in which an image is printed by reflecting it on the printing substrate with ink, and in the history of human development there has not been any material suitable for the precise absorption of fast-drying ink for a long time.
Brochure printing historical features
The first such substrate was paper, which was invented in China in 105 AD at the latest and developed into an estampage, a technique of mass production of stone inscription prints. The first item that deserves the name of a printing product, which we know about today, is a woodprint produced in China a few hundred years later. Since then, we have been talking about printing in the full sense of the word, i.e. efficient duplication of content – both graphic and text. brochure printing
It is debatable to move the beginnings of reverse printing, where images were also reflected by means of colouring agents, but this was done on fabrics and only to decorate the material, and not to capture information on it. However, even earlier is the history of copying text and images by hand – that is, copying by writing, drawing and painting, as well as copying by imprinting the shape in a soft material, or burning out the pattern by imprinting the form warmed up to a suitably high temperature.
So the independent development of the reflective form, the colouring agent and the substrate was done much earlier, and there were many of these techniques, but the combination of them into printing took place a thousand and a half years ago. Much older are inventions such as a stamp, a magazine or a book.
Brochure printing Current times
(covers the most important achievements of civilisation, which culminated in printing) Number, Egypt, approx. 2400 BC – stamps used to reproduce the patterns by extrusion in clay plates, before they are burned. The invention of the papyrus; the stamps came from the Middle East to China, where they could count even several hundred characters. The disk from Fajstos dates back to the 17th century BC and is covered on both sides with a sequence of ideograms imprinted with a stamp. China, the Zhou dynasty, around VII BC, has already used single ‚moving’ fonts for casting the bronze on which it is written.


About Sam Ratu Langie, his tomb and the Sam Ratu Langie Monument in Tondano.
30 June 2002 Commemoration in Tondano and Ranowangko.
On 17 April 2001 at Davao City, Mindanao, Philippines a statue of Dr. G.S.S.J. Ratu Langie was inaugurated.
My deepest condolences to the American Nation to what happened on September 11, 2001..... I have my memories of the World Trade Center. too.


Djokovic was able to outlast Medvedev in a grueling five-set match, winning 6-4, 4-6, 2-6, 6-3, 6- Djokovic’s victory was a remarkable achievement, and it solidified his place as one of the greatest tennis players of all time. He is now the most successful male player in Grand Slam history, surpassing Roger Federer’s record of twenty Grand Slam titles. Djokovic is also the first man in the Open Era to win nine titles at a single Grand Slam tournament. Djokovic’s victory was celebrated by tennis fans around the world. His remarkable achievement is a testament” “Serena Williams is one of the greatest athletes of all time, and she has just added another incredible accomplishment to her already impressive resume.
On July 13th, 2019, Williams won her 41st Grand Slam title at Wimbledon, making her the most successful female tennis player in history. Williams’ win is a testament to her hard work and dedication, and it is a reminder of her incredible talent and resilience.Tom Brady is a 라이브스포츠 name that is synonymous with greatness in the NFL. The New England Patriots quarterback has been a dominant force in the league for the past two decades, and he cemented his legacy as one of the greatest players of all time with his fifth Super Bowl MVP award in Super Bowl LI.
Brady’s performance in the game was nothing short of historic, as he led the Patriots to a stunning comeback victory over the Atlanta Falcons. Brady threw for a Super Bowl record 466 yards and two touchdowns, and he also ran for a touchdown to help seal the victory. His performance was so impressive that he was named the MVP of the game, becoming the first player in NFL history to win five Super Bowl MVP awards. Brady’s performance was a testament to his greatness, and it will be remembered for years to come.토마스 브레이디(Tom Brady)는 슈퍼볼 LIV에서 메이저 리그 축구(MLB)의 레이스트랜스 베이글리스(Racestrans Bayless)를 상대로 승리하여 5번째 슈퍼볼 MVP를 차지하였다.


Kawasaki 2011. Wooden church 1788. Incredible that someone probably was married in this church 1788. Thats 225 years ago. Little did they know that 200 years later some jap company makes two wheeled transport machines and some dude finds the same church.
I bet i could find out who was couple and i think their grave is still there on the semetary.


Origins of the Oregon Trail Computer Game
The Oregon Trail game series is a collection of educational computer games, developed in 1971 by Don Rawitsch, Bill Heinemann, and Paul Dillenberger. The game was produced by the Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium and has been enjoyed by many people since its release. Its origins are a mystery, but the game is fun and a great way to learn about Oregon and the history of the American West. To learn more about the game, read on!
The Origins of Oregon Trail Game is a classic computer game that was invented by three teachers in training. In the early 1980s, when personal computers were still rare, schools were able to connect text-only teletype machines to mainframe computers, which were often located in local universities. The primary use of computers in schools was to teach coding, since there was no market for ready-made applications for the K-12 market.
Eventually, the game was resurrected after Rawitsch joined the Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium and placed a modified version on its timeshare computer system. Students from throughout the state could access the game. The 1974 version of the game employed the same codebase as the original 1971 version, but updated the probability of random events and the details of random encounters to match actual diaries written by the Oregon Trail pioneers. The game quickly became a popular activity on the timeshare computer system.
An Oregon Trail game is a great way to explore how the history of this famous emigration routes came to be. Many people enjoy this type of game because it simulates the journey of early settlers. In the game, players experience the difficulties and dangers that faced these pioneers in the 19th century. In addition to exploring game design and history, these games can explore the lasting impact of the Oregon Trail on society. Some of the main memes associated with the Oregon Trail include the oxen dying, the wagon catching fire, the dead, gravestones, and river crossings.
Initially developed on a mainframe, this game was later redeveloped for color-screen computers. MECC’s team of programmers, led by R. Philip Bouchard, spent more than ten months designing and developing this game. It was a transitional product intended for home consumers and would later become one of the company’s most successful titles. A variety of Oregon Trail games have been released over the years by various developers and publishers.
The accuracy of the Oregon Trail video game is often criticized, because it fails to accurately depict the effects of the Westward Expansion on the Native American population. The game has improved significantly over the years, as it has become more complex and researched. However, critics claim the game is still unfair, largely due to the stereotypical portrayals of Native Americans. The game still includes cartoonish Indians and does not accurately represent the true history of the Oregon Trail.
The first version of the Oregon Trail game was a simple text-only game for Minnesota schoolchildren. But after the game was released in 1985, the game drew global attention, and its creators, Don Rawitsch and Bill Heinemann, were able to turn it into a highly popular educational game. Since its release, the game has gone through dozens of iterations, including spin-off card games and theater productions. Even WWE references have been incorporated into the game. While the game’s early development dates back to 1971, its success is still impressive, even now.
Native American input
Throughout the years, the Oregon Trail computer game has featured settlers heading west from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon. The story of Native Americans was often overlooked in the game, but with the help of indigenous history scholars, a Native-themed role-playing video game was created called When Rivers Were Trails. It was developed with the support of the Indian Land Tenure Foundation and the Michigan State University Games for Entertainment and Learning Lab. Native writers and musicians contributed to the game, and the title features music composed by Supaman.
In addition to the new Oregon Trail game, a third version of the game has been created to incorporate the perspectives of Indigenous peoples. In the original Oregon Trail, there was very little Native American input in its development. As a result, the original game has been re-imagined for Apple Arcade, attracting a younger audience as well as more Native American players. Native historians, in addition to the game’s creators, listened to early test versions and provided feedback.


Smith & Wesson Model 41 - Two barrels & Match Dot Sight! SOLD!
This is one of the "A" prefix Smith & Wesson Model 41s that is from the era when they were known for their superb accuracy. Some ".22" guys say there were pretty much hand built then. I believe this pistol was built in 1972. It is the 7" model & comes with a box & paperwork from that period but the serial number on the box doesn't match the pistol. The box is in really good shape except for one corner that is torn.
I purchased this gun from the original owner some time ago. He had lost the original box but found a replacement for it. The gun had hardly been shot. About a a year ago, I sold it to someone locally who wanted to shoot bullseye with friends. He immediately ordered a Clark barrel with Match Dot sight & had it properly fitted. That's the barrel that was used in the bullseye shooting. Both are included here. The muzzle brake on the original barrel is "as new" proving that it's hardly been shot. The finish wears off very quickly on the ones that are used even lightly.
The gun is in superb condition, especially considering that it's over 40 years old! If you're looking for a tack driver that's inexpensive to shoot, this is it! I know that .22 ammo is difficult to find these days but I happen to have quite a bit of CCI. I'll sell some of it to the buyer if needed but it must ship separately per federal law. This is a great way to introduce new shooters to the sport!
Call Joe at 601-953-6615 for more information & additional photos of this beauty!


Hims. 35°00'. 35°30'. 36°00'. 36° 30'. Al Hamidiyah. Tall Kalakh. LEBANON. Qattinah. Qoubaïyat. Habla. Al Qusayr. 34°30'. 34°30'. El Mina. Riblah. Tripoli. Download Free Lebanon Maps in high resolution formats for the web, projects and reports. Lebanon (Political) (K) and pdf format (K). Lebanon. English Map on Lebanon; published on 02 Feb by UNHCR. on 02 Feb — View Original · preview · Download PDF ( MB).
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Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF), and has also undertaken operations along .. Source: Created by CRS using ESRI, Google Maps, and Good. pdf format (K); Lebanon (Shaded Relief) (K) and pdf format (K ); Lebanon (Small Map) (K) Israel-Lebanon War Maps, July Lebanon Traveler is a brand new magazine that invites Lebanese to rediscover . community and be part of their drive to put this region on the tourism map
He soon established his authority as paramount prince of the Druze in the Shouf area of Mount Lebanon. He extended his control over a substantial part of Mount Lebanon and its coastal area, even building a fort as far inland as Palmyra.
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He was taken to Istanbul , kept in prison for two years and then executed along with one of his sons in April On the death of the last Maan emir, various members of the Shihab clan ruled Mount Lebanon until Approximately 10, Christians were killed by the Druzes during inter-communal violence in The Baalbek and Beqaa Valley and Jabal Amel was ruled intermittently by various Shia feudal families, especially the Al Ali Alsagheer in Jabal Amel that remained in power until when Ottomans took direct ruling of the region.
Youssef Bey Karam  , a Lebanese nationalist played an influential role in Lebanon's independence during this era. In , following World War I , the area of the Mutasarrifate, plus some surrounding areas which were predominantly Shia and Sunni , became a part of the state of Greater Lebanon under the French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon. Roman baths park on the Serail hill, Beirut.
On 1 September , France reestablished Greater Lebanon after the Moutasarrifiya rule removed several regions belonging to the Principality of Lebanon and gave them to Syria.
A constitution was adopted on 25 May establishing a democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government. Independence from France[ edit ] Martyrs' Square in Beirut during celebrations marking the release by the French of Lebanon's government from Rashayya prison on 22 November Lebanon gained a measure of independence while France was occupied by Germany. The Vichy authorities in allowed Germany to move aircraft and supplies through Syria to Iraq where they were used against British forces.
The United Kingdom, fearing that Nazi Germany would gain full control of Lebanon and Syria by pressure on the weak Vichy government, sent its army into Syria and Lebanon. Under political pressure from both inside and outside Lebanon, de Gaulle recognized the independence of Lebanon. On 26 November General Georges Catroux announced that Lebanon would become independent under the authority of the Free French government.
Elections were held in and on 8 November the new Lebanese government unilaterally abolished the mandate.
Welcome to Lebanon
The French reacted by imprisoning the new government. In the face of international pressure, the French released the government officials on 22 November The allies occupied the region until the end of World War II.
Following the end of World War II in Europe the French mandate may be said to have been terminated without any formal action on the part of the League of Nations or its successor the United Nations. The mandate was ended by the declaration of the mandatory power, and of the new states themselves, of their independence, followed by a process of piecemeal unconditional recognition by other powers, culminating in formal admission to the United Nations.
Lebanon: Map of Lebanon (as of 2 Feb 2015)
Article 78 of the UN Charter ended the status of tutelage for any member state: "The trusteeship system shall not apply to territories which have become Members of the United Nations, relationship among which shall be based on respect for the principle of sovereign equality. While some irregular forces crossed the border and carried out minor skirmishes against Israel, it was without the support of the Lebanese government, and Lebanese troops did not officially invade.
This was Lebanon's only success in the war. Israel did not permit their return after the cease-fire. Chamoun requested assistance, and 5, United States Marines were briefly dispatched to Beirut on 15 July. After the crisis, a new government was formed, led by the popular former general Fuad Chehab.
The relocation of Palestinian bases also led to increasing sectarian tensions between Palestinians versus the Maronites and other Lebanese factions. Civil war and Syrian occupation[ edit ] Main article: Lebanese Civil War The Green Line that separated west and east Beirut, In , following increasing sectarian tensions, a full-scale civil war broke out in Lebanon.
A multinational force of American, French and Italian contingents joined in by a British contingent were deployed in Beirut after the Israeli siege of the city , to supervise the evacuation of the PLO. If you cannot imagine a meal without meat, then "kibby" will become your favorite.
Most of the inhabitants of the city are the followers of the Christian religion, so they actively use European clothes in their everyday life. When you plan to attend business organizations, fashionable restaurants and theaters, you should certainly wear a suit. When you go out to make a walk in the city, more casual dress will … Open Travel guide to Beirut Among those fond of history in Beirut, Archaeological Park is very popular.
In the second half of the 20th century during the Civil War this district was in ruins, and shortly after the situation has stabilized, the researchers were able to detect traces of ancient civilizations. Today, the archaeological park has an informal name - "Park of forgiveness. Design of its exclusive interior is a work of famous French designer Pierre-Yves Rochon.
Minimum cost of accommodation in one of the standard rooms is about USD per night. Upper floors of a skyscraper house exclusive suites of m2, which cost about 2, USD per night.
The rooms have a great view of a marina, as they … Open Detailed maps of neighbouring cities to Beirut.See Terrorism.
Lebanon: Map of Lebanon (as of 2 Feb 2015)
You should avoid travelling away from established paths, especially when hiking. The United Kingdom, fearing that Nazi Germany would gain full control of Lebanon and Syria by pressure on the weak Vichy government, sent its army into Syria and Lebanon.
Following the fall of Roman Anatolia to the Muslim Turks, the Byzantines put out a call to the Pope in Rome for assistance in the 11th century. The Overseas Business Risk service offers information and advice for British companies operating overseas on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.
The Maronite community in particular managed to maintain a large degree of autonomy despite the succession of rulers over Lebanon and Syria. Restrictions on carrying large electronic devices in the aircraft cabin, introduced as part of these measures, have now been lifted for airlines operating from airports in Lebanon.
It returned in September after the assassination of Bashir Gemayel and subsequent fighting. In the face of international pressure, the French released the government officials on 22 November The allies occupied the region until the end of World War II.


A very rear and unique watch and a unique story about Packard Cars.
Title inner back case: HAMMILTON WATCH COMPAGNY, LANCASTER, PA., Hadsworth, 14K. GOLD H 340174. Title back case: PRESENTED TO, HENRY A. BENSON, IN APPRECIATION OF TEN YEARS’
LOYALTY. TO EARLE C. ANTHONY, Inc. AND THE PACKARD MOTOR CAR COMPAGNY 1939. At movement: HAMILTON U.S.A., 917, 17 JEWELS, 3 POSITIONS, Movement no: X54464, Title at dials: ASK THE MAN WHO OWNS ONE. (At Packard car cooler front) PACKARD Motor Car Company:
The Packard began its life in the early 1890's when Ward Packard first got the idea to build a motor car. In 1903 the Packard Motor Car Company was formed.
By 1909 Packard was one of the major automobile manufactures in America.
Also by 1909 James Ward Packard was ready to retire and turn the presidency over to Henry Joy who had joined Packard in 1901 Under his direction the Packard company had grown to 6000 employees and their factory covered 33 acres of floor
space. They continued to build high quality expensive cars.
By 1925 Packard was the indisputable leader in the field of prestige automobiles.
The depression of the 1930's hurt Packard. By 1934 their production
had dropped to below 7000 units per year from a high of more then 50,000 in 1928. Big multi cylinder cars were just not selling.
It was during this period that Packard decided to build a lower priced automobile and the 120 series was
brought out. This move saved Packard for another 20 years.
The Packard 120, named for its 120 inch wheel base was announced in 1935.
In 1939 Packard stopped production of its V 12 engine and would never again
regain the prestige it once had.
Earle C. Anthony
Earle C. Anthony (December 18, 1880 – August 6, 1961) was a pioneer businessman based in Los
Angeles, California. He is primarily known for his achievements in two fields: Broadcasting and automobiles. He was also a songwriter, journalist and playwright.
At age 17,
he built an electric automobile of his own design, the first to run in Los Angeles. It's 0.5 HP dynamo motor was also developed by Anthony. A replica of this car, made
in the 1920s with parts of the original automobile, is exhibited in the Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles.
In 1923 he was founder and owner
of what eventually became 50,000 watt KFI AM (640) radio, a station he controlled until his death in 1961. From 1929 to 1944, he also owned KECA-AM 790, now KABC.
He was an early president of the National Association of Broadcasters and during his term oversaw the establishment of the organization's first paid staff. He also was a founder of one of the earliest television stations in Los Angeles, KFI-TV, channel 9 and
KFI-FM, both of which were disposed of in 1951.
From 1915 to 1958 he was the Packard distributor for all of California (one out of every seven Packards ever sold were through the Anthony
organization). He was also instrumental in developing the concept of the gasoline service station (the Chevron was the trademark of the National Supply Co., a service station chain Anthony headed in concert with several other auto dealers and sold to the Standard
Oil Company of California in 1913.) He was also a pioneer in inter-urban bus transportation, founding a company later incorporated into Pacific Greyhound lines and had a role in the development of car radios.
He was active in many civic activities.
He helped save the Hollywood Bowl by assuming leadership of the Symphony
Under Stars Foundation in the early 1930s. He donated resources for a wind resistant cross to replace others that had previously been blown over in the Coachella Valley
He had a major supporting role in helping bring major league baseball to Los Angeles. This resulted in the Los Angeles Dodger games
being carried on KFI and Dodger owner Walter O'Malley becoming a board member of Earle C. Anthony, Inc., according to his biographer, Arthur Landing.
Anthony is also credited with having founded the Los
Angeles Auto Show, introducing neon signs to Southern California from France, and personally building the first automobile
ever constructed in Los Angeles (later rebuilt and now in the possession of the Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles).
His house in the Los
Feliz area of Los Angeles was designed by Bernard Maybeck and was
later bequeathed by a subsequent owner to the Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary. It is currently run by this order and is now known as the Cardinal Timothy Manning House of Prayer for
Priests and the Immaculate Heart Retreat House.
The former Anthony Estate, to which the Sisters have made major additions, offers a place of peace from the surrounding hustle and bustle. It is an urban sanctuary available to individuals or groups
for a few hours or a day for reflection and prayer. A chapel, dining room and conference rooms are available.
The core building was designed by Maybeck in the style of a medieval renaissance castle. The basic Norman-French and Spanish structure also
exhibits Greco-Roman and Moorish influences. After the death of Anthony's wife the home was purchased in the early fifties by Sir Daniel J. and Countess Bernardine Murphy Donohue. The mansion was donated to the Immaculate Heart Sisters in 1971 upon the death
of the Countess.
The interior of the Nordic entrance tower was furnished by Donohue as a replica of the prayer room of the Holy Father at the Vatican in Rome (Anthony was a lifelong Episcopalian). Many internationally distinguished visitors were entertained
in the mansion and its eight and one half acre environs.
Anthony's only son, Kelly Anthony, was disabled in a tragic WW2 mishap and died months after the demise of his famous father. Anthony's fortune went to a trust primarily benefiting the California
Institute of Technology and the University of California (the latter of which was Anthony's alma mater). Some of Anthony's employees and friends also received pensions from the trust for the rest of their lives.


The Webley revolver is recognised in some quarters as an emblem of the British Empire, in the realm of service handguns at least. The Webley was first approved for Her Majesty's service in 1887, manufactured and supplied by P. Webley & Son. The first contract was for 10,000 revolvers priced at £3/1/- each and the initial batch of 2,000 to 3,000 pistols were supplied within the first eight months after the contract was signed in July of 1887.
Philip Webley, founder of the company, died in March 1888 but the company name remained P. Webley & Son, although he was succeeded by his two sons, Thomas and Henry. Before 1889, Webley revolvers were not necessarily marked with the maker's name. Failures with some revolvers, that the owners had thought to have been made by Webley but were found to be of Belgian manufacture, caused Webleys to mark all their product after this. Salesmen travelled to South Africa, America and the Far East to promote Webley's wares, the revolvers were particularly popular in Africa.
Webley opened a London depot at 78 Shaftesbury Ave. in 1893 which allowed their retail address to be amended from 'Birmingham' to 'London & Birmingham'. They also manufactured and offered sporting rifles and shotguns. Then in 1897, the firm amalgamated with Richard Ellis & Son and W. & C. Scott to become a public company that was registered in October 1897, as 'Webley & Scott'.
The official name was 'The Webley & Scott Revolver & Arms Company Limited' however, this does not imply that P. Webley & Son markings were replaced on all their products from that time. 'P. Webley & Son' had a good reputation and this marking continued until 1906 after which Webley & Scott Ltd. became the company title that was marked on their revolvers and pistols. Webley's lockwork has the design of Schmidt Galand while the hinged barrel locking latch saddle is attributed to Webley.
The British List of Changes in War Materiel and Military Stores were monthly circulars issued to officers commanding all around the empire to keep them updated with latest patterns of rifles, pistols, edged weapons, artillery and related stores. The regulation issue .455 Webley revolver advances and differences are described with dates of approval as follows…
Webley, Mk I
8 Nov 1887
The first model, with a 4-inch barrel. §6075
Webley, Mk I*
1 Oct 1894
Added hard steel plate, Mk II hammer. §7816
Webley, Mk II
1 Oct 1894
Hard steel plate, heavy hammer, different grip & smaller thumbpiece, corners rounded off guard, stronger trigger guard at front radius. §7816
Webley, Mk III
5 Oct 1897
Whiting patent cylinder cam & lever & fixing screw. §9039
Webley, Mk IV
21 Jul 1899
Cylinder mounted on fixed axis that is part of barrel, lightened hammer, wider trigger stop slots in cylinder. §9787
Webley, Mk V
9 Dec 1913
Cylinder diameter increased .012-inch for nitro loads, top of body enlarged for bigger cylinder. §26783
Webley, Mk VI
24 May 1915
Squared target grip, longer 6-inch barrel with remove-able foresight, additional stock pin higher on butt, barrel catch has axis bosses on inside faces. §17319
Some naval conversions resulted in Mark I** and Mk I** variations which feature 6-inch barrels like the Mk VI although the framework and other features are typical of the Marks from which the conversions were made.
The Mark VI Webley was also made at R.S.A.F. Enfield from 1921 until 1926. Other than this relatively short run, Webley was the only manufacturer of the service models. There were many complaints about late deliveries for the War Office and Ministry of Munitions, this was likely a prime reason for Enfield tooling up to produce the .455 Mark VI revolver in the early 1920s.
The particular .455 Webley Mark designation is usually found stamped on the frame, inside the 'WEBLEY PATENTS' oval on the left side. On the barrel assembly, it was marked on the left side of the backstrap. During World War One, the Mk V and Mk VI may also be observed to have the year of manufacture stamped underneath the Webley Patents oval and Mark designation.
Quite a few Webley service revolvers were privately purchased by officers, these would not normally have service ownership markings and subsequent inspector's marks. Service issues are found with W^D acceptance markings, the broad arrow, Birmingham and Enfield inspection marks and often, with regimental or unit marks on the back-strap or frame too. Such markings will sometimes be noted to have been barred out and subsequent unit or rack numbers applied.
Variations may be noted in barrel lengths and the non-service WG, Army and Bisley Target models, however these differences become quite apparent when they are compared with regulation service models. Barrel lengths of 4, 6 and 7.5 inches are observed on these .455 models which are otherwise similar to the Mk VI although constructed from Mk IV component parts.
For a comprehensive list of markings as found on the Webley service revolvers, see 'The Broad Arrow – British Empire Manufacture, Proof, Inspection, Armourers and Unit Issue Markings' (Skennerton). Here the different factory and service viewers' marks are identified along with factory, proof and armourers stamps.
Some parts are interchangeable among the various marks of service .455 revolvers while other parts are not, due to the improvements related to the advance in model (mark). A full list of Webley parts interchangeability will be found in S.A.I.S. #9, pages 22-25.
Serial numbers are stamped on the underside of the frame and barrel assembly at the hinge point, at their mating surfaces. The serial number may also be found stamped on the circumference of the cylinder.
The Webley Fosbery is worthy of mention here. Although it was not a service issue, it was privately purchased by some officers and target shooters. This is a unique self-loading model made by Webley. The G.V. Fosbery patents were dated 1896 and the barrel and cylinder group recoil along the grip section. Along with the obvious two-piece frame, the zig-zag cam slots on the cylinder readily identifies this model. These pistols also have a distinctive safety lever on the left side of the grips.
Manufacturers: P. Webley & Son, Webley & Scott, RSAF Enfield
Length overall: 10.25 ins. w/ 4-in. barrel; 11.75-in. for Mk VI w/ 6-in. barrel
Weight: 2 lb. 3 oz. for Marks I-IV, 2 lb. 5.5 oz. for Marks V-VI
Action: Double action, self-ejecting on break-open for loading
Accessories: Cleaning rod, Hammer protector, Prideaux & Watson quick loaders,
Parker Hale sub-calibre kit, W.W. Greener Pritchard bayonet
Illustrations courtesy of Ron Hayes & Lithgow Small Arms Museum
- 'Webley Revolvers' (Gordon Bruce & Christian Reinhart)
- Verlag Stocker-Schmidt 1988
- 'Revolvers of the British Service 1854-1954' (Chamberlain & Taylorson)
- Museum Restoration Service 1989
- 'Hayes Handgun Omnibus' Hayes & Skennerton 2007
- 'Textbook of Small Arms - 1929' HMSO 1929
- S.A.I.S. #9 - .455 Welbey Revolvers (Skennerton) 1997
© Ian Skennerton 2010


101 Worthington St. E.
North Bay ON P1B 1G5
Our office resides on the traditional territory of Nipissing First Nation – Anishnabek territory, within lands protected by the Robinson Huron Treaty of 1850. We continue to advocate for implementing the 94 Calls to Action published by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Visit www.native-land.ca to see what traditional land and treaty you currently reside on.


Venture into any small town and you will most likely see the remnants of an old movie theater. Many are closed, victims of television, changing lifestyles and sprawling shopping malls with their multi-screen cinemas. Yet the nostalgia remains for that bygone era when horse and carriage brought folks to town to see the latest Charlie Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks or Harold Lloyd.
The Old Globe Theater, built in 1910 was originally a garage for horse and carriage and eventually served as the neighborhood movie theater until at least the 1950′s. The Patton family preserved the buildings history and brought it into the 20th century as a bistro, gift shop and cultural center, supporting local artists and musicians.


It's been a long, long time... Had to go back in time to take care of a few matters in Ancient Greece, but I'm back now.
And guess what I find upon my return?
My descendants are fighting over one of our most famous names with those squatters up north!
Yes, I'm talking about Macedonia, of course.
Between you and me I never really liked Alexander too much. Too quick to take out his sword, too eager to get good men killed in senseless wars, too uppity for my tastes. He was, however, a good Macedonian and a great Greek. He spread the ideals and the culture of Greece throughout the known world - and that was no small feat for that time and age.
But back to our current problem. Let's analyze it in the manner we would have done back in my time, during my first incarnation.
Why would a tiny upstart "nation" want to call itself "Macedonia", and more importantly, why should Greece care?
Apparently, neither one of these questions have simple, clear-cut answers.
FYROM (the Former Yugoslavic Republic of Macedonia) was apparently named that way by Tito, with the excuse that the land area was originally part of the Ancient Macedonia. And it was.
After World War II, Macedonia was split into three pieces. One-third was kept by Greece, one-third was given to the Bulgarians and one-third was given to Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia under Tito apparently never had any serious designs to reunite Macedonia, he simply called this Province Macedonia to get on the nerves of the Greeks - and he succeeded.
Tito went a step further. Not satisfied to simply usurp the name, he patiently undertook the long task of teaching every school child born in FYROM after 1946 that they were the actual descendants of the Ancient Macedonians,ergo Alexander the Great was not a Greek but a Slav!
According to Tito's version of history, FYROM is the true Macedonia and all the people who live either in Bulgaria or in Greece are conquered people! Never mind that the Slavs did not appear on the scene until the year 800 AD, never mind that Greek was the spoken language of Macedonia in ancient times and that the Macedonians shared the same culture and the same religion as Athenians and Spartans.
FYROM youths are convinced that they are the true Macedonians - they bought into Tito's propaganda. Therefore, it's only logical that when the time came to choose a name for their newborn country, they would choose "Macedonia".
So what? you might ask. Is Greece afraid of this new, tiny country whose people would be starving if it were not for the financial aid sent by Greece and for the jobs created by Greek businessmen there? It's kind of silly, isn't it? If anything, Greeks should be flattered that their ancient civilization was of such importance that a whole nation would fight hand and tooth to be named as one of the city-states of yore. And the Greeks would indeed be flattered if FYROM was located in the US or in Australia or even in Asia. But hey, guess what? FYROM shares the Macedonian border with Greece. And Bularia next door shares the other Macedonian border with both and is keeping a close eye on what is happening. Of course, they are all gentlemen. No one would ever go so far as to imagine that there would be a dog-eat-dog fight in the Balkans over a piece of land! These things just don't happen on this peaceful Earth!
I do have a vivid imagination!!
Enter the Americans, the Russians and the Europeans. Each one of these super powers have special interests in the Balkans. The Americans would love to have a NATO military base in the heart of the Balkans to keep an eye on Europe and Russia, Russia and Europe don't much like that plan, plus they all have interest in the oil and gas pipes coming in from the Caspian Sea. Hmmm... a quandrum.
How does the silly name of such a small country manage to provoke such passions?
Here it is in a nutshell:
1. Both countries lay claim to the name and passions rise high over it.
2. No one really wants trouble, but no one knows how to avoid it.
3. None of the parties involved have any imagination to come up with an original name for this place.
I suggested "Pseudo-Macedonia" and the Greeks were enthusiastic about it, but it didn't go down too well with the Slavs!
So what's in a name? Possibly the match that will light the fuse to the biggest bomb of the 21st Century.


Cape Town’s Old Granary
Agency: Arc SA
Creative Director: Quinton Luck
Copywriter: Tara Cawthra
This publication aims to record the story of the Granary building and its restoration, and to provide a chronicle of the events leading up to the fully restored complex. It also acknowledges the dedication of everyone who worked on the project, especially the men and women whose hands made this project a reality.
This book includes historical maps and pictures of the building, as well as various stages of the restoration. It is important to note that the City’s restoration work did not plaster over our often painful history; art restorers, historians and architects retained salvable structures, markings and features within and surrounding the building.
This publication was originally created as a coffee table gift from the City to foreign delegates and alike. However, there are now plans to have it circulated as an important historical snapshot; something that could be of interest to both residents and visitors of Cape Town. It is important to preserve the Granary’s heritage and to tell the stories of all those who crossed its doorways.


Yellow Screen and how Mary Poppins changed film making
Yellow Screen or The Sodium vapour process used by Disney and made famous by Mary Poppins (1964) used a specially coated prism in an old three-strip Technicolor camera. They were able to film technically brilliant mattes even with transparency. There was only one camera with this unique prism. Nobody was able to replicate it, and it was only ever for 35mm film. Blue Screen was developed for larger film formats at the time like 65mm, Ben Hur in particular.


Mohanlal is a Malayalam Movie Actor and one among the most popular names in the Indian film industry. He had immense respect for Indian Army and he always wanted to become part of Indian Army, but life took a different turn and he eventually became an actor. His respect and regards for the men in uniform continued even after becoming an actor, and he kept expressing his immense gratitude for the brave soldiers who safeguard our boundary through his Television Interviews and Write ups.
Grit and experience affect the growth of an institution. Fighting four major wars, insurgency and other low intensity wars has indeed made the Indian Army an eminently and efficient battle trained, war machine. Changing times bring changing needs. Battle training must tell also on the structuring of the army, for it is this function that extracts the most from the assets available, both men and material.
The English raised the Territorial Army in 1920 through Indian Territorial Act of 1920 and it was comprised of two wings namely - 'The Auxiliary Force' for Europeans & Anglo-Indians, and 'The Indian Territorial Force' for Indian Volunteers. After Independence the Territorial Army Act was passed in 1948 and the first Indian Governor General Shri C. Rajagopalachari formally inaugurated the Territorial Army. It is celebrated with the Prime Minister's TA Day Parade every year.
Service Before Self. Join Indian Army.


The Wreck of the USS H1 SeawolfLatest update January 10, 2019 Started on November 9, 2018
For about a two years we have been working on the archaeological documentation of the USS H1 submarine wrecked in the waters of Baja California, Mexico, in 1920.
The wreck is under threat from looters. Our project documents changes in the submarine structure to protect elements still present.
You can actually visit the H1 in Sketchfab!
USS H-1 (SS-28), the lead ship of her class of submarine of the United States Navy, was originally named Seawolf, making her the first ship of the U.S. Navy to be named for the seawolf.
Seawolf was laid down by the Union Iron Works of San Francisco, California. She was renamed on 17 November 1911, launched on 6 May 1913 sponsored by Miss Lesley Jean Makins, and commissioned at Mare Island Navy Yard on 1 December 1913, Lieutenant Henry M. Jensen in command. The new submarine was attached to Torpedo Flotilla 2, Pacific Fleet, and operated along the West Coast out of San Pedro, California. During various exercises and patrols, she traveled the coast from Los Angeles, California to lower British Columbia, often in company with her sister ships H-2 and sometimes H-3. Sailing from San Pedro, California on 17 October 1917, she reached New London, Connecticut on 8 November. For the remainder of World War I, she was based there and patrolled Long Island Sound, frequently with officer students from the submarine school on board. H-1 and H-2 sailed for San Pedro, California on 6 January 1920, transiting the Panama Canal on 20 February. On 12 March, as H-1 made her way up the coast of Mexico's Baja California Peninsula, she ran aground on a shoal off Magdalena Bay. Four men — including the commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander James R. Webb — died trying to reach shore. Vestal pulled H-1 off the rocks in the morning of 24 March, but in only 45 minutes, the submarine sank in some 50 ft (15 m) of water. Further salvage effort was abandoned. Her name was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 12 April, and she was sold for scrap in June 1920, but never recovered.
Type: H-class submarine
358 long tons (364 t) surfaced 467 long tons (474 t) submerged Length: 150 ft 4 in (45.82 m) Beam: 15 ft 10 in (4.83 m) Draft: 12 ft 5 in (3.78 m) Installed power:
950 hp (710 kW) (diesel engines) 600 hp (450 kW) (electric motors) Propulsion:
Diesel-electric; New London Ship & Engine Co. diesel engines Electro Dynamic Co. electric motors 2 × shafts Speed:
14 kn (16 mph; 26 km/h) surfaced 10.5 kn (12.1 mph; 19.4 km/h) submerged Test depth: 200 ft (61 m) Complement: 25 officers and men Armament: 4 × 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes (8 × torpedoes)
The project is part of the many activities of the Underwater Archaeology Office of the National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico. So far we have documented the submarine through a very precise Photogrammetry that gives us a very detail recording of the submarine in 3D. Our challenge now is to monitor the site and work on the recording of small items such as brass plates and instruments of navigation to preserve. Also a history of the vessel is being researched to understand the importance of this submarines active in WW1.
Contribute to this expedition
Thank You for Your Contribution!


Many people have read the story of how George Washington Carver invented peanut butter. Others are familiar with the story of Sarah Breedlove, aka Madam C. Walker, the inventor of beauty products and the...
T his is a list of The Undefeated 44, a collection of dreamers and doers, noisy geniuses and quiet innovators, record-breakers and symbols of pride and aspiration. The most gravity-defying, emulated athlete the world has ever produced. It is a list — fervently debated among our staff, chiseled and refined — of 44 blacks who shook up the world or at least their corner of it. We recognize that this is not a complete list of jaw-dropping black achievers; we know that such a list would never run out of names. Why limit ours to 44? You may have favorites we overlooked or thought about and decided against.
Proven interesting black people pics and galleries
History is often reduced to a handful of memorable moments and events. Martin Luther King, Jr. But these are only a few of the significant and important events to know and remember. But just as Black history is more than a month, so too are the numerous events and figures that are often overlooked during it.
The first celebration of Black History Month took place in February Within six years, it was recognized nationally. The month-long celebration gives all Americans a chance to reflect on the history of African Americans, from their many achievements to the struggles they endure to this day.
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They are the famous African-American artists who have exquisitely shared portrayals of historic events and individuals, cultural perspectives, and the experiences and struggles of minorities through their artwork.
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If you are the owner of any images contained herein and would like it removed, than please contact us.
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Reuben Singh – Who is he?
Most of us working as professionals must have heard about Reuben Singh. Reuben Singh is a famous entrepreneur born out of Sikh origin.
Reuben Singh was born on 20th September 1976 to Sikh parents. But, interestingly he was born in Manchester England where he was a citizen by birth. He had just not been an entrepreneur who was born to the Sikh family.
It was claimed that, as an entrepreneur he had rose to certain heights. But off late the Sikh entrepreneur had come to lime light because of the controversies that had surrounded him.
The main cause for controversy was his wealth accumulation which had no proper unaccounted for. At the same time, the Sikh entrepreneur was known for some mischievous trade dealings.
Reuben Singh – Background
As far as the background of the so called Sikh entrepreneur was concerned Reuben Singh was born in a wealthy family. The family ran a big shop which was one of the largest wholesale centers as far as Manchester was concerned. The shop was known as Sabco. However, the family had high ambitions which were related to the expansion of the business in Canada.
As far as information was made available the family had come in England during the year 1970s, and had lived in a family home. This home was situated in Poynton in Cheshire, which was a village but had rich resources.
Reuben had opened his first shop named as Miss Altitude. This shop was famous for selling girl’s accessories such as hair clips, cosmetics etc. The shop was opened in the year 1995 and was located in the Manchester Arndale Centre.
Although the shop had performed well, it had to face stiff competition in the market. This was because of a rising number of shops in similar categories which had come up soon after Miss Altitude was opened.
As per information available he had accumulated a wealth of almost £10 million in his lifetime. This was an interesting fact because at that point Reuben was also a student studying A levels in a reputed Grammer school in Manchestar.
However, as destiny had it, the shop started by Reuben was sold out for a sum of £22 million pounds. This brought his wealth down significantly, which had raised public concerns.


The History of the Missionary Society at Our Church
In the year of 1958 and under the leadership of the pastor, Rev. F. H. Martin, the first Missionary was organized. Sis. Almeater D. Moody was elected as the first President. Other officers elected were Sis. Bernice Washington; Vice President, Sis. Lessie Odom; Secretary, and Sis. Bertha Odom, Treasurer. The first Sunday in October was designated as our annual Women’s Day Program. The ladies of the Society worked hard in the church and the community. Under the leadership of Sis Moody, two Missionary circles were formed so that we could better serve the communities of Bamberg, Denmark and the surrounding areas. Sis. Almeater Moody worked diligently until 1971 when God called her from labor to reward.
The newly elected officers were President, Sis. Ethel Nimmons; V.Pres, Sis. Rosa Johnson, Secretary, Sis. Sandra Walker and Treasurer, Sis. Girdia Bolden. Sis. Nimmons served in the position of president for six years before resigning. Sis. Mary Williams was then elected president. She served for four years. Under that same administration, Sis. Verseater Moore served as V. Pres, Sis. Barbara Johnson was the secretary. Sis. Merlinda Wallace was the assistant Secretary and Sis. Ethel Nimmons served as the treasurer.
The next slate of officers included Sis. Deloris Chatman, president; Merlinda Wallace, V president; Sis. Paula Whetstone, secretary and Sis. Eartha Gilbert, Trea.
The Capernaum Missionary Society is a member of the Ladies Auxiliary of the Bethlehem Baptist Association and the Missionary Union of the BTU Convention.


history of saffron Saffron, golden-coloured, pungent stigmas (pollen-bearing structures) of the autumn crocus (Crocus sativus), which are dried and used as a spice to flavour foods and as a dye to colour foods and other products. Saffron has a strong, exotic aroma and a bitter taste and is used to colour and flavour many Mediterranean and Asian dishes, particularly rice and fish, and English, Scandinavian, and Balkan breads. It is an important ingredient in bouillabaisse soup.
Saffron is cultivated chiefly in Iran saffron but is also grown in Spain, France, Italy (on the lower spurs of the Apennines Range), and parts of India. A labour-intensive crop, the three stigmas are handpicked from each flower, spread on trays, and dried over charcoal fires for use as a food flavouring and colouring. A pound (0.45 kilogram) of saffron represents 75,000 blossoms. Saffron contains 0.5 to 1 percent essential oil, the principal component of which is picrocrocin. The colouring matter is crocin.
history of saffron And Uses
Believed native to the Mediterranean area, Asia Minor, and Iran, the saffron crocus has long been cultivated in Iran and Kashmir and is supposed to have been introduced into Cathay by the Mongol invasion. It is mentioned in the Chinese materia medica (Pun tsaou, 1552–78). In early times, however, the chief seat of cultivation was in Cilicia, in Asia Minor. It was cultivated by the Arabs in Spain about 961 and is mentioned in an English leechbook, or healing manual, of the 10th century but may have disappeared from western Europe until reintroduced by the crusaders. During various periods, saffron has been worth much more than its weight in gold; it is still the most expensive spice in the world.
A golden-coloured, water-soluble fabric dye was distilled from saffron stigmas in India in ancient times. Shortly after Buddha died, his priests made saffron the official colour for their robes. The dye has been used for royal garments in several cultures.
Saffron is named among the sweet-smelling herbs in Song of Solomon 4:14. As a perfume, saffron was strewn in Greek and Roman halls, courts, theatres, and baths; it became especially associated with the hetairai, a professional class of Greek courtesans. The streets of Rome were sprinkled with saffron when Nero made his entry into the city.
sourse : www.britannica.com/


Reynolds & Co. Funeral Directors in Bognor Regis and Littlehampton is proud of its family tradition and history. The company is still run and owned by descendants of its founder, Samuel Reynolds.
Samuel Reynolds opened his first shop in 1867 at 13 West Street, and three years later, along with his brother Alfred, a noted local photographer, moved to 29 High Street where the business advertised as ‘Auctioneers, Appraisers and House Agents, Cabinet Makers, Upholsterers and Undertakers’.
After almost 150 years of serving the local community, Reynolds funeral service clearly understands your needs. We keep abreast of current developments whilst still maintaining traditional values.
Today, five generations on from the founder, Reynolds & Co. operates under the caring eye of Chairman Mr.Norman Reynolds, and his sons Dominic, James, Matthew and Stephen. All four sons have gained relevant professional qualifications and have been trained in every aspect of the family business.


The second world war saw a massive change in how guns were made and gave rise to the modern weapons that we know and use today. The MP38 made its combat debut with the German invasion of Poland during which this weapon was considered as successful. If you are a gun enthusiast with an interest in the weapons used during the second world war then you must be well aware of the MP38.
However, it’s predecessor the MP36 was unknown for quite a lot of years. There are also very few examples that we have but we do know that the MP36 was fairly similar to the MP38 with a few key differences. It’s wood furniture compared to the plastic used on the 38 was one of the most noticeable differences. The MP36 is also a selectfire weapon.
If you are a collector of old guns then you must realize how important it is to keep these weapons well maintained. With that in mind, we have curated a list of the best gun cleaning rods in the market. Gun hygiene is a crucial aspect of owning weapons and we hope to help you with our buyers guide on the best options to pick from.


Pride Category: Pride Events
The History of Foyle Pride
The first incarnation of ‘Foyle Gay Pride’ kicked off in 1993 when a small group of committed activists decided it was time to make a visible stand and show the city that there was a thriving community that was being ignored and the wider community was not aware existed.
The small festival then called ‘Derry Pride’ lasted for two years. In 1995, ‘North West Pride’ was born, a 10 day festival taking in several venues giving the LGBT community more visibility than ever in the north west of Ireland. It was launched at the Tower Museum and brought a few hundred from the community and a fantastic 10 days were had by all. North West Pride continued on a yearly basis until 2002 and was a community led festival involving a broad range of people from differing backgrounds.
In 2007 the festival was re-named Foyle Pride. It was launched by the Minister for Social Development (Margaret Ritchie MLA) with the Pride Programme being launched by the deputy First Minister (Martin McGuinness MP MLA). Over 2500 people participated in the week’s events, with the Pride Ball event, attracting over 500 people.
In 2007 the Free Derry Wall was painted pink for the festival. This attracted worldwide media attention, receiving press coverage from as far afield as the USA, New Zealand and Taiwan to name but a few. This put Foyle Pride on the world map.
Foyle Pride continued to grow in 2008/09 seeing the Festival succeed and grow into an event that attracted not only people from Derry but from around the world.
In 2010, a new Committee was formed which aimed to put on Derry’s first Pride Parade. Through the hard work and sheer determination of the committee, this became a reality and in August 2010 over 6000 people came out to support the parade. This exceeded everybody’s expectations and made clear to everyone involved that this had to be a yearly event.
The first parade was led by the Mayor of the city Cllr Colum Eastwood, our local MPs and Civil Rights Veterans Eamonn McCann and Bernadette Devlin-McAlliskay. The Family event in the Guildhall Square was introduced by International Actress, singer and local Bronagh Gallagher.
In 2011, the Foyle Pride Festival was an even bigger success. It brought more than 7,500 people to the streets during the parade and the arts and cultural events throughout the festival attracted great numbers. In 2011, Foyle Pride also hosted Kasha Jacqueline Nabagesera an internationally renowned and recognised Human Rights activist from Uganda who has been fighting for LGBT rights there for many years.
In 2012 Donal Óg Cusack opened the festival for us and gave a truly inspirational speech which was reported on widely in the national press and watched over 16,000 times on youtube (filmed by the much missed Terry McCartney).


In Greek mythology, Rhadamanthus (Ῥαδάμανθυς; also transliterated as Rhadamanthys or Rhadamanthos) was a wise king, the son of Zeus andEuropa. Later accounts even make him out to be one of the judges of the dead. His brothers were Sarpedon and Minos (also a king and later a judge of the dead). Rhadamanthus was raised by Asterion. He had two sons, Gortys and Erythrus. Other sources (e.g., Plutarch; Thes. 20) credit Rhadamanthys rather than Dionysus as the husband of Ariadne, and the father of Oenopion, Staphylus and Thoas. In this account, Ariadne was the daughter King Minos, Rhadamanthys' brother; another Ariadne was the daughter of Minos' grandson and namesake, who features in the Theseus legend, and was rescued by Dionysus.
Driven out of Crete by his brother, Minos, who was jealous of his popularity, he fled to Boeotia, where he wedded Alcmene. Homer represents him as dwelling in the Elysian Fields (Odyssey, iv. 564), the paradise for the immortal sons of Zeus.
According to later legends (c. 400 BC), on account of his inflexible integrity he was made one of the judges of the dead in the lower world, together with Aeacus and Minos. He was supposed to judge the souls of easterners, Aeacus those of westerners, while Minos had the casting vote (Plato, Gorgias, 524A).


Miss Ifeoma Emmanuel, a 2002 Ikeja Cantonment Bomblast survivor is marking the 18th anniversary of the tragic event which took the lives of many other and she shared photos to mark the day.
Taking to her twitter to share the newspaper publication from 2002, Ifeoma who was only 4-years-old at the time wrote ;
Today mark’s 18 I escaped death!But God changed my story (27/1/2002) during the bomb blast that happened in Ikeja cantonment when I was just 3+years old.that took the lives of millions of souls including that of my kid brother 😭😭and left me the only surviving child.
Miss Ifeoma is now a full-grown lady, see new photos of her below;
Plz@@atiku help us 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻this is a video clip of the news paper of the incident that happend at ikeja cantonment bombblast jan 27 2002.
I was a survivor at d canal where people drowned including my brother,I was the only baby who survived, we need to be compensated.🙏🏻 pic.twitter.com/YWIboC6uhZ
— Ifeoma Emmanuel (@ify_evelyn) January 31, 2020


Toronto came to be through a series of annexations of surrounding villages in the nineteenth and twentieth century, earning the unofficial nickname city of neighbourhoods. The Torontonian cityscape reflects several popular architectures styles and movements, creating the distinct character and feel of each neighbourhood. Ultimately that historical context resonates with our style and so our neighbourhood becomes an extension of our personal expression and identity. Travel back in time and explore the neighbourhood’s we serve.
Roncesvalles Village joined the city of Toronto in 1889, it was the first major transportation hub entering from the west, and was a summer destination, today is affectionately known as Roncy by its residents.
Roncesvalles Village is full of beautiful Victorian and Edwardian century house that are accented with whimsical architectural details. Most of the houses are attached or semi-detached with a sprinkling of detached houses. Garages are tucked away out of sight at the rear of the houses.
The area’s founder, Robert John Turner, was born in England May 12, 1795. He later emigrated to Canada in 1833 first settling in Kingston Ontario. Later moving to York, he purchased a five acre lot to the north and south of Davenport Road, on the crest of the Davenport hill. It included several buildings, an orchard, a large market garden, stables and a Georgian-style home he named Bracondale Hill.
In 1900, the family property was divided into a subdivision called Bracondale Hill Park. The founding family retained ownership of the five acre block, but laid out more than one hundred large lots to the north and west. The lots were sold with strict building restrictions including the minimum to be spent on each house.
The neighbourhood consists of mostly large early twentieth century single-family homes built in the Arts and Crafts and Georgian style.
It was annexed to the city of Toronto in 1909 also encompassing Wychwood Park which remains a private community known as one of Toronto’s more exclusive neighbourhoods with house prices well over a million dollars.
High Park began as a private estate in 1836 when John Howard purchased 65 acres and built his home, Colborne Lodge overlooking Grenadier Pond. In 1850, Howard retired and developed paths and roadways through the park lands and invited Toronto residents to picnic on the property and enjoy the natural surroundings. He eventually sold the land to the city of Toronto.
High Park contains a diverse housing mix mostly Victorian, Edwardian, and Tudor-style. The oldest residential houses built in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Typically two and three-storey detached brick homes, with remarkable architectural details such as stained glass windows, lush wood trims, French doors, hardwood floors, and fireplaces.
Families gravitate to the single family homes in this neighbourhood because of its highly regarded schools, gently rolling hills, winding streets, and towering Oak trees.
Harbord Village is a diverse and thriving residential and commercial neighbourhood in Toronto’s downtown. Enclosed by Spadina and Bathurst to the east and west and by Bloor and College to the north and south, with Harbord Street running through the centre.
The neighbourhood was not developed until the 1870s with the exception of an orchard and a handful of older homes no longer standing. Sections of several streets were parcelled off for the development of dense housing, predominantly with two-storeys. Many in what has been termed the archetypal Torontonian Bay and Gable style, usually sharing at least one wall with a neighbour.
Bloor West Village
In the 1850’s it was the property of Lieutenant Colonel William Smith Durie, the first commanding officer of the Queens Own Rifles. After 1948 it was settled by Eastern Europeans, whose influences are still present in many of the bakeries, delis and other businesses. By the 196Os Ukrainians settled in the area contributing to a vibrant commercial strip.
After its amalgamation in 1909, the roads were paved and city services were made available helping to establish it as a shopping district, remaining one of Toronto’s most popular neighbourhoods.
From the 1920’s and 30s, the areas homes main architectural influences are from the Arts and Crafts style and Tudor revival.
During the early twentieth century this neighbourhood was first settled by the large numbers of Italian immigrants that found work in construction and on the railways buying affordable Edwardian homes that line the side streets.
By the 1960s many Italians moved west of Bathhurst and north of St. Clair Avenue, despite the concentration of Italian Trattorias and businesses, the neighbourhood is now home to a sizeable Portuguese, Latin American, and Vietnamese community.
Little Italy is now bustling with the arrival of trendy cafes and martini bars fronted in true main street style development of two and three-storey buildings, with commercial on the ground floor and residential or storage on the upper floors. The great local music scene, independent cinema, and summer festivals have attracted many young families.
The area was primarily rural until the 1870s similarly as most Toronto neighbourhoods outside of the central downtown core. It was a manufacturing community that rose quickly during the late nineteenth century. The streetscape was shaped by architect James Augustus Ellis (1856-1935) designing over fifty buildings in the neighbourhood.
The Village of West Toronto Junction was founded in 1884 at the intersection of Dundas and Keele Streets. In 1889, it merged with the nearby villages of Carlton and Davenport to the north-east to become the Town of West Toronto Junction. In 1892 it became the Town of Toronto Junction, then the City of West Toronto in 1908, before it was amalgamated one year later in 1909.
In recent years has undergone gentrification renewing the neighbourhood and attracting trendy shop, cafe, and restaurant owners. The Junction appeals to a wide demographic from young families to artists and urban professionals alike.
Leaside was first settled by Eurocanadians during the early nineteenth century. The town, which takes its name from early settler William Lea, was officially incorporated in 1913 and many of the current homes west of Laird, south of Eglinton, were built after 1924.
Starting around 1912, Canadian Northern Railway began buying up large tracts of farmland to generate large profits from the development. Montreal-based architect Frederick Todd was commissioned to produce the master blueprint, which included gently curving streets and zoning to separate commercial, industrial and residential land use. Many of the streets were named after CNR executives, including Hanna, Wicksteed, and Laird.
In 1967 it was amalgamated with the township of East York to form the borough of East York. In 1998 it finally became part of the city of Toronto.
Danforth Village, north of the Danforth, was land originally held by the Church of England. Local street names like Glebemount, and Glebeholme, are reminders that this was once Church land.
The land south of the Danforth was not held by the Church. This land was originally owned by families engaged in either farming or in the brick making business.
Danforth Avenue, this neighbourhood’s main thoroughfare, is named after Asa Danforth, an American contractor who built Kingston road in 1799 but ironically he had nothing to do with the building of Danforth Avenue.
After being annexed to the city of Toronto in 1908 Danforth Village began to be subdivided. The two most significant events in the growth of this neighbourhood were the completion of the Prince Edward Viaduct in 1918, and the opening of the Bloor – Danforth subway in 1966.
Davisville Village is named after John Davis, who immigrated to Canada from Staffordshire, England in 1840. John Davis served as Davisville’s first postmaster and helped found the Davisville Public School. The building that housed the original post office is currently a Starbucks at the north east corner of Yonge Street and Davisville Avenue.
The south part of Davisville was subdivided in the 1860’s on land owned mostly by the Davis family. The north part of the Village belonged to the Church. This latter tract of land, known as the Davisville Glebe, remained undeveloped until 1911 when it was sold to the Dovercourt Land and Building Company, the same company that oversaw the development of the Lawrence Park neighbourhood.
Between the 1920s and 1930s, a number of single family homes were erected here, some of which still stand. During the 1970s, the construction of single-family homes was replaced by the building of condos and low or high rise apartment buildings.
This centrally located neighbourhood has always been popular with singles, young couples and families, and is known for its excellent recreational facilities, outstanding shopping districts, and active nightlife, which includes bars, restaurants and movie theatres.
This east-end neighbourhood forms part of the broader neighbourhood of South Riverdale. Leslieville began as a small village in the 1850s, which grew up around the Toronto Nurseries owned by George Leslie and sons, after whom the community is named. Most of Leslieville’s residents were gardeners or were employed at one of the brick-making factories in the area.
The older homes in the neighbourhood can be found along Queen Street East and to the south of Eastern Avenue. Here the homes were built in the late nineteenth century, with architectural styles ranging from the Ontario cottage style to Second Empire row homes. You will also be able to find Victorian houses in the area.
Moore Park was subdivided in 1889 as an exclusive Toronto suburb for the very wealthy. The neighbourhood takes its name from its developer, John T. Moore, building two bridges in order to improve the transport facilities in the area to attract residents.
Moore was instrumental in building the Belt Line Railway, Toronto’s first commuter train. He personally oversaw the construction of the Belt Line’s showpiece station at Moore Park, he experienced setbacks during the recession.
The neighbourhood is home to some of Canada’s most affluent citizens. The peaceful neighbourhood has all the amenities from schools, parks, shopping areas and much more.
The Annex style house is unique to Toronto because it blends elements of both the American Richardson Romanesque and the British Queen Anne Style. Typically features large rounded arches along with decorative items such as turrets and domes, with an emphasis on the attics, exterior architecture. The houses are most often made of brick, though some also incorporate Credit Valley sandstone. This area was populated by some of Toronto’s wealthiest citizens, the houses were all on the larger side when compared to other houses being built during 1880 and the early 1900s.
The 1950s and 1960s saw the replacement of some homes and mansions with mid-rise and a handful of high-rise apartment buildings in the International style. These were surrounded by landscaped green spaces in an attempt to better fit into the neighbourhood. Some of architect Uno Prii’s most expressive, sculptural apartment buildings are located in the Annex.
In December 1912, North Toronto was amalgamated to the city Toronto.
In 1889, the previously unincorporated villages of Davisville and Eglinton formally merged to become the Village of North Toronto. In early 1890, the boundaries were extended, and North Toronto was upgraded to town status.
The neighbourhood has had a mixed-density design for some time, but this is rapidly changing to a greater density with the construction of residential condominium buildings in the area. Mount Pleasant Cemetery serves as a major green space for the southern end of the neighbourhood. South of the cemetery are trails in two ravines of the former Mud Creek and Yellow Creek, which lead to the Don River. On the north side of the cemetery is the Beltline Trail, a heavily-used pedestrian and cycling path on the route of a former railway line.


January 20th, 2020
I love this picture. It reminds me that Martin Luther King Jr. was a man with a wife and children. A man with hope and a future…
As the eve of our Martin Luther King Jr. holiday approaches, I wonder how my oldest son spent the day now that he’s away at school in Phoenix. While Arizona was one of the last states to recognize the Martin Luther King holiday in 1992, they were pressured to do so after losing the 1993 Super Bowl site and a potential $250 million in revenue. The fight for Martin Luther King holiday spanned two decades.
During our home school years, both my husband and I took the time to make Martin Luther King Day special, relevant, and a teaching opportunity rather than just a day off. As Dr. King would have turned 91 on January 15th, I find an increasing number of our youth have no idea who he was, what he stood for, and why or how Martin Luther King Day came to be. This saddens me. I decided to write 10 of the most compelling things in my studies about the man, message, and legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
History of Martin Luther King Day
- While former President Ronald Reagan would sign the bill in November of 1983, Martin Luther King Day was initially proposed in 1968 four days after his assassination. 1986 would be the first year Martin Luther King Day is recognized and celebrated.
- It would take a petition led by his wife, Coretta Scott King, and the support of Stevie Wonder and U2 (among others) to gather momentum and a national collective voice in support of Martin Luther King Day. Over 6 million Americans would sign the petition.
- Stevie Wonder’s, “Happy Birthday,” released in 1981 was a pivotal political move. Stevie risk popularity, criticism, and sales. He did it nonetheless; there was a greater good at stake.
- In 2000, South Carolina would be one of the last states to embrace Martin Luther Luther Day and pay their employees. This was 17 years after the bill was passed.
- To understand the Reverend is to embrace a philosophy of love. Listen to his speeches and study his quotes. Dr. King was driven by you and me, we were all his brothers and sisters. He longed to see us thrive. King was not afraid to join us in our suffering and fight for a better day.
- While “I Have a Dream,” remains the speech Dr. King is remembered for as it captures his hopes for our nation, “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop,” gives us a glimpse of his heart. Dr. King delivered his Mountaintop speech on April 3rd, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee the night before his assassination. Not only was this his final speech but Martin’s heart for the Lord and commitment to doing His will were delivered with intense clarity.
- Dr. King had premonitions of his death.
- Before Dr. King was assassinated in Memphis, he was there supporting the Sanitation Worker’s Strike; workers were seeking safer working conditions, payment for overtime, and basic humane treatment.
- We must never forget that the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a man of the cloth. Dr. King was a man of God. Every quote, every speech, King’s dreams, his hopes, and his will to fight were all in full and complete alignment with the Holy Scriptures.
- Lastly, Dr. King fought for me and my children. He fought for you and your children. He fought for those that could not fight for themselves. He fought for what was right. He fought for love.
Dr. King was not perfect. None of us are. He made mistakes. We all do. Nonetheless, there is no doubt that his heart’s desire was to live and walk with his neighbors in such a way that was pleasing to our Lord.
I choose to strive to live similarly … not only on the 3rd Monday in January of each year, but every day I am given. I will never be able to thank Dr. King personally, but I can and will express my gratitude by speaking against injustice, involving myself in matters even when they do not effect me directly, and fight for the rights of the oppressed.
I pray for our country, leaders, families, neighbors, and youth – may we all love hard, dream big, and fight for those who cannot fight for themselves.
“Life begins to end the day we are silent about the things that matter.” MLK
Happy Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Day.
- This is the absolute best documentary done on the man, Martin Luther King, and the days prior to his assassination: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGGAmysR0AE
- This is a good resource for rich MLK quotes: https://parade.com/252644/viannguyen/15-of-martin-luther-king-jr-s-most-inspiring-motivational-quotes/
- This article does a fantastic job outlining the history of Martin Luther Day: https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/how-martin-luther-king-jr-s-birthday-became-a-holiday-3


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Changing Times, Changing Attitudes
Cuyahoga County Board of Mental Retardation & Developmental Disability
On April 17, 1857, the state of Ohio established the Institute for Feeble-Minded Youth in Columbus. On April 24, 2007, almost 150 years to the day later, the Ohio General Assembly eliminated such words as idiot, lunatic and imbecile from the Ohio Revised Code.
(The 1802 Ohio Constitution still bars idiots and insane persons from voting.)
In 1967, four decades before the 127th Ohio General Assembly made the long-overdue change to the Revised Code, the 107th General Assembly passed Senate Bill 169, creating Ohio’s county boards of mental retardation.
Those first years were difficult for the newly created Cuyahoga County Board of Developmental Disabilities. In 1969 as man walked on the moon, the Board of DD was just learning to walk.
Positive changes were coming, and three years later, Dr. Michael A. Donzella was named superintendent of the Board of DD, a position he would hold for the next 30 years.
Over the years, the Board of DD has been confronted with a variety of challenges, both social and economic. More often than not, those challenges were met as its role in the community continued to expand to meet changing needs.
In 1973, Cuyahoga County voters approved the organization’s first levy. It was the first of many successful levies that have helped to fund the Board of DD through the years.
As the result of a rapidly changing environment in which more and more people, both young and old, needed assistance, the Board of DD continued to expand its vital position in the community, strengthening and enlarging programs; adding to its capabilities; expanding its client base and formulating procedures that were not only relevant for the day, but for well into the future.
1992: End of Cold War...Clinton/Gore vs. Bush/Quayle
Through the 1980s expansion was the key as additional adult training centers and developmental centers began operation.
Rather than wait for changes, the CCBDD anticipated them, and in 1988 created its first strategic plan, a four-year approach to the future. To make the plan work, the organization looked back at the changes that had occurred in the two decades since its formation. It took a tough look at itself as a human service organization and the environment in which it had to work.
In 1992, shortly after the end of that initial strategic plan, the Board of DD celebrated its silver anniversary, with several individuals who had been interested and involved from the beginning recalling events of that first quarter century. The Board of DD published those reflections in a 25th anniversary history along with another booklet that featured a timeline of its history in comparison with world and U.S. events.
At that time, Dr. Donzella said that when the Ohio General Assembly created county boards of mental retardation, “These boards focused their attention primarily on providing education and training programs for people with mental retardation. That was pretty much the scope of the charge at the time.
“ Now we are charged with serving those with mental retardation which is a developmental disability such as autism, cerebral palsy, spina bifida and Tourette syndrome, and those with developmental disabilities, and with delivering services to people who were not even part of the definition when the boards of mental retardation were created. Just as that initial need changed, future needs are not going to be for the same kind of services we have been providing. We will increase our skills in helping those with disabling conditions become functioning members of our society...perhaps more important, we will help others understand them.”
Over the next several pages, learn how those ‘future needs of 1992’ have been met, as the Cuyahoga County Board of DD and Ohio’s 87 other county boards of mental retardation and developmental disabilities celebrate four decades of expanding opportunities for individuals with DD.


A Legacy Unfolds
The Audemars Piguet Royal Oak series, synonymous with luxury and innovation, has captivated watch enthusiasts worldwide. Available at The Watch Meister in Dubai, this collection embodies the pinnacle of horological craftsmanship.
1972: The Dawn of Royal Oak
The journey began in 1972 when Audemars Piguet introduced the Royal Oak, the first luxury sports watch crafted from stainless steel, revolutionizing the watchmaking world with its unique octagonal bezel and integrated bracelet design.
1980s: Expanding the Legacy
The series expanded in the 1980s with the introduction of the Royal Oak Perpetual Calendar, enhancing the collection with sophisticated complications and solidifying its status in the luxury watch market.
1990s: The Advent of Royal Oak Offshore
In the 1990s, the Royal Oak Offshore series was born, presenting a bold, larger variant that catered to a new generation of watch aficionados, pushing the boundaries with innovative materials and robust designs.
2000s: Technological Prowess
The turn of the millennium saw the Royal Oak continue to evolve, embracing technological advances with models like the Royal Oak Concept and the Selfwinding Flying Tourbillon, showcasing the brand’s commitment to innovation.
Present Day: A Modern Icon
Today, the Royal Oak series stands as a testament to Audemars Piguet’s enduring excellence, offering a range of models that cater to diverse tastes, from the classic and understated to the complex and avant-garde.
Why Choose The Watch Meister?
The Watch Meister in Dubai is your premier destination for acquiring these timeless pieces. Our collection of Audemars Piguet Royal Oak watches is unmatched, offering both classic designs and the latest models, all underpinned by our commitment to authenticity and quality.
The Audemars Piguet Royal Oak series, from its inception to its current incarnations, represents a journey of relentless innovation and timeless elegance. Visit The Watch Meister in Dubai to experience the legacy of this iconic series and discover the perfect timepiece that resonates with your style and sophistication.


Individual support makes it possible for the Royall House and Slave Quarters to preserve two historically and architecturally significant buildings, teach school children about an important period in American history, inform the general public on the subject of northern colonial slavery, and inspire and entertain with thought-provoking public programs.
Members provide the Royall House and Slave Quarters with critical support for museum operations and special projects. Members receive free admission to the museum, free or discounted admission to most programs, and a subscription to our informative newsletter. We encourage you to join as an individual or family member. Please visit our Join page to become a member.
Volunteers play a range of vital roles at the museum, from supporting outreach efforts to maintaining the historic landscape around the mansion house and slave quarters. We also welcome donations to
support our ongoing programs and important initiatives in education, interpretation, and preservation. Please visit our Volunteer page to learn more about volunteering opportunities.
The Royall House and Slave Quarters is a unique historic site. With your help we will ensure its future as a resource for the local community, the region, and beyond. Please visit our Donate page to make a tax-deductible contribution.
Preserving Our History
During recent routine building maintenance, our preservation carpenter uncovered significant deterioration in a section of the Slave Quarters structure. We need your help. In addition to the challenge of meeting our normal operating expenses during the pandemic, we must make these repairs as soon as possible in order to ensure the continued stability of the structure.
We are currently in the midst of two pandemics, “COVID-19 and the chronic problem of racism and police violence,” both of which disproportionately affect Black communities. As a center for difficult conversations about slavery in Boston and nationally, the Royall House and Slave Quarters upends the myth that slavery was “a Southern problem.” We explore its vital impact on the Northern landscape and economy, and we strive to serve as leaders in conversations on how the systemic inequality we see today is rooted in the legacy of slavery.
Our site is a place of memory. In the 18th century, the Royall House and Slave Quarters was home to the largest enslaving family in Massachusetts and the enslaved people who made their lavish lifestyle possible. Since 2005, we have re-imagined our mission, programming, and tours to center at least 60 Black women, men, and children held in bondage on the property between 1737 and the start of the American Revolution. Thousands of visitors each year experience educational tours or programs at our site. Our goal is not only to educate about the history of slavery, but also to memorialize the lives of those who were enslaved.
We highlight the life of Belinda Sutton who was enslaved at the site and in 1783 petitioned the Massachusetts legislature for a pension after gaining her freedom. Through her story, we show how Black people, and in particular Black women, have been part of freedom movements since the Revolutionary Era. There is power in amplifying this history. Our job is to empower our communities by uplifting this history and embodying a space for members of our community to use the lessons of the past to imagine a better future. One way we are achieving this goal is through hosting virtual public programs on Black cultural production and the current civil uprisings happening throughout the country.
Our preservation carpenter discovered the damage to the Slave Quarters when removing adjacent clapboards for routine maintenance. The building’s sill – which supports the weight of the building on its brick foundation – has deteriorated drastically and needs immediate restoration. This situation led us to arrange a closer structural assessment of our site, which revealed a few areas of water damage that could potentially create additional emergencies. The total cost of the required preservation carpentry is estimated at $20,000. We are committed to working with local small businesses in completing the work. As we move forward, we are committed to seeking out companies owned by women or people of color for our restoration projects.
Although our impact is large, our resources are small. We have just two part-time paid positions, and are reliant on a corps of dedicated volunteers and the generosity of our community. This year our income has been significantly reduced by the pandemic, as we are not receiving revenue from group tours or events. We typically budget major preservation projects like this well in advance, and only when funding is secured. We cannot bear the cost of these repairs alone.
Your help will be critical to completing this work as soon as possible and ensuring that the Slave Quarters continues to stand as a center for education on the history and legacies of slavery for the greater Boston community. With your support, we can make sure our buildings are structurally sound to continue hosting virtual programs from our site and to welcome visitors in better days ahead, and well into the future.


The Story of The Bibleby Larry Stone
The Story of the Bible: The Fascinating History of Its Writing, Translation & Effect on Civilization
In 1844 a German scholar traveled ten days by camel to a monastery guarded by the 1,100-year-old skeleton of a janitor, where the scholar discovered the world’s oldest complete copy of the New Testament.
In 1947 the oldest complete manuscript of Hebrew Scripture disappeared in Syrian riots. Part of it was later recovered, and a full page and a fragment were also discovered in Brooklyn, New York.
In 1536 William Tyndale was burned at the stake for the crime of publishing the New Testament in English.
The Bible is a remarkable collection of books and letters, written by more than forty authors over a period of 1,500 years. Its words have been studied, disputed, and treasured. They have also brought comfort, conviction, and challenge. Today, at least one book of the Bible is translated into more than 2,400 of the world’s 6,900 living languages.
The Story of the Bible is a sweeping panorama of the Bible’s 3,500-year history, answering questions such as:
- How accurate are the manuscripts we have?
- Do all translations say the same thing?
- Was America really founded on the Bible?
- Why are the Dead Sea Scrolls so important?
“A captivating and colorful account of the history of the Bible from parchment to print.” – Ravi Zacharias, from the foreword
“The Story of the Bible tells beautifully and crisply how the Bible came together and how it has been read through the centuries. It is a joy to scan and is rich to read, an excellent book about the most unique book in the world.” – Darrell Bock, Ph.D., author, Jesus: According to the Scriptures and Breaking the DaVinci Code
“The Story of the Bible offers breathtaking insight and compelling clues into the Bible and its power over the heart of mankind.” – Rabbi Daniel Lapin, American Alliance of Jews and Christians
Format : Hardcover
Publisher: Thomas Nelson
Size: 240mm x 305mm


Please Join the New England Railroad Club for our first-ever virtual event. Be one of the first 250 to register for this free event!
First Complimentary Executive Luncheon sponsored by the New England Railroad Club
Light at the End of the Tunnel: A Railroader’s Post-Election Analysis of this Year’s Historic Results
Thu, Nov 19, 2020 11:30 AM – 12:30 PM EST
Massachusetts State Director GoRail
Online / Virtual Event