Filipino Americans are Americans of Filipino ancestry. Filipino Americans, often shortened to "Fil-Ams", reside mainly in the continental United States and form significant populations in California, Hawaii, New York, New Jersey, Nevada, Washington, Florida, Virginia, Alaska, Guam, and Northern Marianas.
The earliest recorded presence of Filipinos in what is today the United States occurred in October 1587, when mariners under Spanish command landed in Morro Bay, California. The earliest permanent Filipino Americans to arrive in the New World landed in 1763, later creating settlements such as Saint Malo, Louisiana and Manila Village in Barataria Bay. These early settlements were composed of formerly pressed sailors escaping from the arduous duties aboard Spanish galleons and were "discovered" in America in 1883 by a Harper's Weekly journalist.
Significant immigration to the United States began with the need for agricultural laborers in the 1900s, with Filipinos settling primarily in what was then the Territory of Hawaii and California, after the Spanish-American War, which turned the Philippines into a territory of the United States. This immigration would slow to a trickle during the 1930s due to multiple factors, including the United States' recognition of independence of the Philippines on July 4, 1946. Filipino immigration to the United States would not see a resurgence until the late 1960s. Of the immigrants who arrived after the late 1960s, most settled in California, while others found a new home around U.S. Navy bases, major metropolitan areas, the West, and to a lesser extent the South. Some came looking for political freedom, but most arrived looking for employment and a better life for their families.


I’ve recently started chair making, exploring vernacular designs specifically from Suffolk. As with any other part of the UK, Suffolk had it’s own distinctive style of chair making which produced designs such as the ‘ball back’ and the ‘Mendlesham’.
These particularly elegant chairs from Suffolk were generally made using a high proportion of joinery techniques and veered away from turned and steam bent components, most often associated with the ‘Windsor’ and other Thames Valley chairs.
The Mendlesham is a 19th Century concoction, usually attributed to the Day family from the village of Mendlesham. It brings together styling from Thames Valley chairs for the seat and legs, and a fine back and arms which is said to be influenced by the Thomas Sheraton style of chair.
My chair making has been generously supported by The Alde Valley Spring Festival


LIST OF PASTORS
1854 - A.D. Field; 1855 - Samuel Henry; 1856 - T. Cotton; 1857/58 - T. Watson; 1859 - John Grundy & A.C. Frick; 1860 - J.B. Dille & E.H. Penfield; 1861/62 - Allen E. Day; 1863 - J.M Cosler; 1864 - Samuel Hart; 1865 - Horace Tiffany; 1866 - A.S. Atherton; 1867/68 - S.P. Alford; 1869 - E.N. Bentley; 1870 - Oscar Jennie; 1871/72 - L.V. Webber; 1873/74 - W.W. Wells; 1875 - W.O. Norval; 1876 - W. Evans; 1877 - Wm. Hart; 1878 - O.M. Dunlevy; 1879/80 - W.G. Miller; 1881/82 - J.R. Watson; 1883 - C.E.Rowe & Wm. Wonderwood; 1884 - C.E. Rowe; 1885 - G.I Bailey; 1886 to 1888 - W.R. Warner; 1889 - J. McAllister & A.S. Haskins; 1890 - T.M Harris; 1891/92 - G.L. Taylor; 1893/94 - J.W. Denning; 1895/96 - M.M. McCrieght; 1897 to 1899 - F. W. Imboden; 1900/01 - R.W. Ames; 1902/03 - J.G. Blair; 1904 to 1906 - W.L. Douglas; 1907-09 - A.J. Jolly, 1910/11 - T.J. Wood, 1912/13 - R.J. Vandervoort; 1914/15 - Wm. H. Day; 1916 to 1918 - W.L. Barnes; 1919 - Oscar C. Penticoff; 1920 to 1922 - U.Z. Gilmer; 1923 to 1926 - D.K. Sailor; 1927/28 - Franklin McVey; 1929 to 1931 - Carl W. Gamer; 1932 to 1936 - Victor H. Roberts; 1936/37 - Homer E. DeLap; 1937 to 1939 - John A. Decker; 1940/41 - W.P. Gauer; 1941 to 1944 - E.H. McKee; 1944 - W.W. Haw; 1945 to 1950 - Richard L. Stolp; 1951 to 1954 - Robert Pitsch; 1955/56 - George Baldridge; 1957 to 1960 - Henry Crede; 1961 to 1964 - Byant Keeling; 1965 - Richard Blair; 1966/67 - Robert Brandstatter; 1968/69 - Michael Hurt; 1970 to 1972 - William Ekstrom; 1973/74 - Paul Herrell; 1975/76 - Wayne Fyffe; 1977 to 3/15/79 - Ernie Ray Henson; 4/1/79 to 2/15/81 - Danny Lybarger; 3/22/81 to 1982 - Irving Kenyon; 1983/84 - Rubye Russell; 1985 to 8/15/89 - Leah Pogemiller; 10/1/89 to 1990 - Dorotha Russell; 1991 to 1993 - Ann Champion; 1994 TBS (To be supplied), 8/13/94 to 1997 - David Schultz; 1998 TBS; 8/15/98 to 1999 - Jeanine Reardon; 2000 to 2001 TBS, 9/9/01 to 6/30/15 - Mark Amenda; 7/1/15 to Present - Karen Fabian.
NOTE: Prior to 1961 the Charge/Circuit/Parish was Mazon, the District was Bloomington, and the Conference was Illinois. In 1961 the Conference became Central Illinois. In 1966 the Charge/Circuit/Parish became Verona-Mazon. In 1978 the District became Pontiac. And in 1997 the District becamse Vermilion River and the Conference became the IGRC (Illinois Great Rivers Conference).
A Brief History of Mazon Methodist Church
(Written in 1953 for the Homecoming on March 8th)
Before its destruction by fire, it was sold and used as a residence. Later this building was moved closer to Old Mazon and served as a school as well as a place of worship. This first Church was built some distance north and east of what is known as Old Mazon. Early pioneers whose names are associated with this beginning are A.K. Owen, J.C. Murray and Moyer. In 1844 Methodism was organized here and the first Church was erected. As early as 1833 there are records of Methodist work being carried on in the Mazon community.
1856 saw a great revival and the building of a parsonage. The furnishings consisted of crude benches and kneeling stools with a table for a pulpit. By fall of the same year the new house of worship, about 18 by 30 feet in dimensions, was finished. Starting on May 23, the builders used an ox team to haul boulders for the foundation. A new church was built in 1855 at Old Mazon.
Names of some families who were prominent in the Church at the time were Murray, Royal, Fuller, Bagley, McKeen, Drake, Staup, Seeley, Huston, and Van Falkenburg. One of the last notable services held in this Church at Old Mazon was a revival in 1877 with 110 conversions. Our history tells that the entire Church interior was draped in crepe. The first mention of a Sunday School in Mazon was found in 1873. Second, a President Lincoln Memorial Service was held here in 1865. A note is made that $47.37 was received as a Missionary offering. First, our pioneer Methodist fathers had a concern for Christian Missions. During Civil War days two interesting items are mentioned.
Thus the third Methodist Church to be erected in this community was started in the present village of Mazon in 1877, and was completed and dedicated by December 1878. This Board consisted of Zachariah Isham, George Daniels, Salem Irons, Isaac N. Clithero, T.W. Royal, A.F. Drake, Ira Bagley, A. Randall, Matthew Johnson, and David Taylor. A Board of Trustees was elected to secure and hold property for a new Church in Mazon. This growth of Mazon meant the decline of Old Mazon, and consequently, the Old Mazon Church was abandoned to build a new Church in Mazon. This was true for various reasons, among them the building of the Santa Fe Railroad. By the 1870's the present village of Mazon, then known as Centerville, was beginning to grow and prosper.
This is now the home of Victor and Anna Laase. In 1878 the parsonage was built. The land was deeded by Mr. and Mrs. George Daniels and by Mrs. O.W. Weston. This new Church stood on the site between the present residence of Dr. W.F. Breisch and Bill Weston's property.
The builders were Salem Irons and Thomas Garrett. An inscription over the arch read, "Let us go into the house of the Lord." Behind the pulpit, painted on the wall, was a fresco representing the interior of a temple with Corinthian pillars, with a black and white tiled floor. In front of the pulpit was the traditional Methodist altar railing capped by walnut moulding. The imposing part of the interior was at the pulpit and choir end of the Church. A tall, graceful steeple adorned the front of the Church. The high double windows had fan-like grills at the top. The 1877 Church was an imposing edifice.
The building committee was composed of D.P. Taylor, T.B. Hough, and Zachariah Isham. It was first occupied in February 1904 and cost $2900. On July 17, 1903 the building of the new parsonage began. In 1902 the parsonage was sold, with the decision to build a new one beside the Church. By July 19, 1896 the Church building was moved to our present site. The nearness of the K and S. Railroad with its traffic made too much noise for quiet, concentrated worship. 1895 found Mazon Methodists dissatisfied with the location of their Church. Also, a furnace was installed this year. Benevolences given in 1892 amounted to $174. In the same year a revival netted 49 new members. In 1886 the Mazon Methodist Church had a membership of 93.
The storm destroyed the tall Church steeple. July 17, 1903 is memorable, not only for the beginning of the present parsonage, but also, for a cyclone that hit Mazon that day.
On the last Sunday of that Conference year, thirty young people crowded the altar to take the holy vows of Church membership. A revival that year netted thirty conversions. All Church indebtedness was wiped out with the burning of a note in a public service on August 29. 1906 seems to have been a year of victory in many ways.
Members of the building committee responsible for the remodeling program were A.J. Campbell, T.E. Kelly, L.R. Murray, T.B. Hough. E.S. Strong, F.A. Martin, and David Taylor. March 8, 1908 marked the dedication of this renovation. Also, a new furnace and a new gallery in the west end were installed. The change resulted in locating the pulpit in one corner with pews in arranged in a circular fashion around the pulpit corner. In 1907 the Church was remodeled at a cost of $1900.
Only a few of the many faithful folk who had served many years in that Church were H.E. Pomeroy and daughter, Sadie Isham Clark, Mrs. Eliza Keltner, C.B, Fuller, Alta Viner, John Meecham, Mrs. Carrie Campbell, F.W. Jewett, Eva Murray, and Lizzie Hart. A note in our record tells that Duane R. Bryant, with others, saved the parsonage from being destroyed at the time the Church was burning. Thus, the third Methodist Church building in this community was only a memory. It was totally destroyed in an hour. On March 31, 1925 a grass fire crept up to the north side of the church and set it ablaze.
On March 28, 1926 the new brick structure, in which we worship today, was dedicated to the glory of God. This is the fourth building to be used as the Methodist Church in Mazon in 109 years of Methodism in this locality. The new Church cost $25,000 for materials with about $10,000 given in voluntary labor, wagons, teams, and trucks by many different persons. Ground was broken on August 3, 1925 with the first shovel of dirt being turned by Rev. Howard Leach, the only person ever to enter the Christian Ministry from our Church. The dream of a new Church building began to grow, and on July 1, 1925 a committee of E.S. Strong, William Carter, Mr. and Mrs. U.G. Taylor, and C.A. Finch began the task of soliciting funds.
Miss Cash died just one month later. After the worship service that day, a jubilant note-burning ceremony took place. From her sick bed, Miss Cash called for Mrs. U.C. Taylor to come to take word to the congregation on Sunday, July 17, 1932 that she was surrendering the note to the Church and that the obligation was to be considered paid. This sum represented the last bit of indebtedness of the Church. Miss Mary Cash, a member of our Church, held a $500 note against the Church of which $350 was still due. A thrilling story is told of how in the depth of the depression our Church became debt-free.
Also, in these years the parsonage was painted and the basement of the Church was extensively rearranged to make possible the full use of the basement for ChurchSchool purposes. Our historical record shows that Homecomings Services were held in 1935 and 1936 to mark the anniversary of the building of the Church.
Our Mazon Methodist Church is now one of thousands of local Methodist Churches to be found in cities, villages, and open country all across our land. This historic Church union has made Methodism the largest Protestant denomination in the world. A significant event in the life of our Mazon Church came in 1939 when the Methodist Protestant Church, the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and the Methodist Episcopal Church united to become The Methodist Church.
A printed bulletin of that day's services shows that a fitting service was held to mark this event. In 1944 the centennial of our Church was observed on December 10.
The interior of the Church upstairs and downstairs, has been painted in the last few years, so that physically our Church building is in good condition. An electric Hammond organ and new carpeting were installed. Mazon and Gardner were separated as a circuit and Mazon thus became a full-time station. Several improvements were made in the years of 1944 to the present.
These gifts enrich our worship of Almighty God and for them, and those who they memorialize, we are grateful. Under our Memorial Plan, our Church has recently been enhanced in value by gifts of useful equipment and furnishings.
Only the Heavenly Father knows the true spiritual record. Spiritual intangibles though unseen are nevertheless real. Of course, much cannot be recorded. This is a record of past events and achievements in 109 years of continuous growth and service as The Methodist Church.
Now what of the future of Mazon Methodist Church? That depends upon the service that she can render in the name of Christ. Our Blessed Lord said, "He that findeth his life shall lose it; and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it." What is true of an individual is true of the Church. Our community needs Mazon Methodist. Only when the Church serves the spiritual and social needs of the community and the world unselfishly for Christ's sake, can it hope to live.
Let us here rededicate ourselves to serve Christ and His Church with gladness and love. Thus we shall become a part of the endless line of splendor that is the glory of the Church.
The following photos are taken from the Mazon Centennial 1876-1976, donated to Mazon UMC by Forrest McCormack:


The shops (including two supermarkets and the famous "Koekhuisje" where you can buy Deventer gingerbread) are about 2 minutes' walk. In Deventer you can do almost everything on foot, center town is small but beautiful and historic.
There are several interesting city walks possible.
The city is situated on the bank of the river IJssel, a river which used to be very important from the Middle Ages until the 19th century when most of the trading was done by water. In these days Deventer was member of the well-known Hanze cities (until the 17th century). Deventer has about 100.000 inhabitants and is surrounded by green, fertile nature as is common in the area of a river delta. It is famous for its small and specialized shops, galleries and historical value. At the end of the 15th century it was one of the most famous book-print cities in Europa and economically blooming. It has always kept its name as ‘book town’, there are many secondhand bookshops and in August the biggest book market in Europe takes place in a big part of the center and along the river IJssel.


Jovoy Parfums Rares
Perfumes from the early days of Jovoy were made for mistresses of the Paris Elite during the Roaring Twenties. Sufficive to say, these opulent fragrances were created for women who wanted to be seen. Today most ingredients are prohibited by modern legislation, and these commodities are often missing in the modern perfume wardrobe. The new collection from the Parisian Boutique attracts the attention of modern perfumistas all over the world. Jovoy Perfumes are built around the memories of Francois Henin; distilling essential oils as a perfumer in Grasse. But also around beautiful meetings. Perfumes just want to tell a beautiful story on you.


Seeing as how my Facebook feed was bombarded today with “10 year anniversary of 9/11” posts, I might as well jump on the bandwagon and resurrect a post from my Livejournal from 09/11/02. This was the first anniversary of 9/11 when I traveled into New York City to see Ground Zero with my mom. The location was still heavily fenced-off at this time, nothing but a massive hole in the ground where the Twin Towers once stood, and they were just starting to talk about building a memorial but there was some controversy about what to put there and why. On this visit we also saw the Empire State Building, decorated in the colors of our national flag, and the Towers of Light, two brilliant bluish-white lights that represented the fallen Twin Towers. All stood out as symbols of patriotism, illuminated in the New York skyline and visible from miles and miles away. I haven’t been back to that area of New York City since 2002, but I hope to visit sometime soon to see the radical transformation of the now infamous landmark.


We sell and install many barn wood
products and antique artifacts from turn of the century barns or buildings that were built as America was being settled. Soon
these structures that once dotted our land will be gone forever.
Our aim is to save and market to the public as much of the wood and artifacts from these structures
as we can before they disappear. Reclaiming the wood helps save trees as well as gives you a chance to
have a part of the original old grown trees that once covered our nation with history beyond your time.
Get a part of American past in your possession today!
Select a category to see what we have for sale today!


Join us in commemorating the day in 1924 when the great Babe Ruth came to Delanco for an exhibition Game--the biggest event in Delanco history.
This year, we mark the day with a doubleheader between two titans teams of the 19th Century Base Ball Association: Resolutes Base Ball Club of Elizabeth and the Flemington Neshanocks played at Babe Ruth Field, Cooper Street. Matches will be played by historic Civil War era (1864 and 1870) rules of the game. A family-friendly event free to the public. Food and beverages available at the field. Bring your own chairs and cameras. Activities for the whole family; Displays by local historical groups; Pageantry, guests, Music and more!
Babe Ruth Field is on Cooper Street, two blocks east of Delanco's Riverline Station.
Click here for the color flyer.


Russ...... Guitars and Vocal
Russ began his musical career with an appearance on a local Boston community television show called “Community Auditions” back in 1966. From 1968 to 1972 he played with several bands including “Three Blind Mice” a three-piece group of very talented blind musicians one of whom was Ellis Hall a well-known Boston area musician. He later played with “Dave Dupri and the Hustlers”, the “Ellis Hall Band”, “Just Us” and the “Dry Dock All Stars” that he founded back in 1986. Russ and the “All Stars” became the regular Sunday afternoon band at the Dry Dock in Nantasket Beach until 1999.


On this day, 50 years ago, the first MiG-21 entered service with Yugoslav Air Force. In honor of that day i will share with you some photos of the Serbian Air Force MiG-21’s which I made during past few years..
click images to enlarge
Photos © Dimitrije Ostojić
This work by Dimitrije Ostojic is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work at www.dimitrijeostojic.com/blog


Y2K!! Do you remember that term and all the associated drama that went along. People were certain that their PC's would stop working and all their money would disappear from the banks. We were still in Alabama at the time, and oh my the military was on high alert that New Years Eve, but it all turned out ok. In 2000 we hosted two exchange students, a Japanese and a German, my husband was reassigned to Korea(without me) and I was reassigned to the UK (yippee!!). Truly a year of change.


Truefitt & Hill is the oldest barbershop in the world, as certified by Guinness Book of World Records in April 2000. Truefitt was established in 1805 by William Francis Truefitt. Truefitt styled himself as hairdresser to the British Royal Court and the firm received their first Royal Warrant from King George III.
Famous clients include the British Royal Family, Members of visiting Royal Households, business leaders, Members of Parliament, Frank Sinatra, Winston Churchill, Charles Dickens, John Wayne, Various Ambassadors and the diplomatic service and visiting dignitaries. Today, Truefitt & Hill holds a Royal Warrant by appointment to the Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.


Read Acts 18:23-20-38 and Bruce, pages 286-299, concerning Paul’s Third Missionary Journey. Use the internet to research and view images of the ruins of Ephesus.
Answer the following questions
1. How did Paul deal with the former coverts of Apollos?
2. What is the significance of the city of Ephesus? What archaeological remains are there today?
3. What does it Corinthians 11:23-27 imply about an Ephesian imprisonment? What do some scholars about letters to churches written by Paul during the two years he was in Ephesus?
4. Discuss the Sons of Sceva. From a modern perspective, what are your thoughts, observations, beliefs about demon possession and exorcism?
5. Who was Artemis (Diana)? Describe the Riot of the Silversmiths, and explain why this happened.
6. What might all Christians learn from Paul’s farewell speech to the church elders in Ephesus?


Art, History and Literature in Charlevoix, Michigan
Our Holiday Fest began at the Circle of Arts on December 5th, where on display was the Circle Market full of hand crafted gifts for holiday shoppers. On hand were artisan demonstrations showing various techniques, so patrons could see craftsmanship at work. Music was performed by the Dorothy Gerber Strings Program quartet comprised of the Gerber teaching staff.
The Charlevoix Historical Society had refreshments, exhibits, and a holiday sale of merchandise featuring Irene Harsha-Young maps of Little Traverse, Grand Traverse and Mackinac Island and copies of their newest book, Charlevoix the Beautiful: City on Three Lakes will also be available.
The evening ended at the library with hot chocolate and the Jazz @ the library Holiday Concert at 7 pm. The Photography Exhibit with Art by LuAnn Griffin was on display. Horse-drawn wagon rides were available throughout the evening transporting people from venue to venue.
Gail DeMeyere / Circle of Arts, Linda Adams / Charlevoix Public Library and Denise Fate / Charlevoix Historical Museum
Three world-class institutions.
Charlevoix's premier arts and educational district is comprised of three marvelous cultural venues, all conveniently located in the heart of the downtown district. At the Charlevoix Circle of Arts you are invited to check out the local arts scene, take a class, experience a gallery talk or see a performance. After that, the Charlevoix Historical Society welcomes you for a tour or information on the world famous mushroom houses and to explore the museum. Next up, plan a visit to the Charlevoix Public Library which offers a great selection of books and art, as well as programs and activities for the whole family.


Eugénie story started in 1861, when the Empress Eugénie, wife of Napoleon III, gave her patronage to this tiny spa village, which stands on the border of the Landes and Béarn regions.
She had stayed there a few years earlier, on her way to Biarritz, where she was spending her summer holidays.
Although things went rather quiet in the first half of the 20th century, the Eugénie adventure got going again in 1961 when Christine Guérard’s father, Adrien Barthélémy, fell for the charm of the ancient trees in the Parc, and ended up buying both the spa estate and the adjacent hotels.
Christine herself took over when she got back from Mexico in 1966 and, inspired by the history and rural beauty of the buildings, she had construction work carried out, then reopened the hotel, which soon became part of the Relais & Châteaux Association.
Fate took a hand in the Eugénie story once again in 1972, when Christine met her future husband Michel Guérard, who was at the time a young chef based in Asnières-sur-Seine and had 2 Michelin stars. He would become, in the coming years, one of the founders of the Nouvelle Cuisine.
The two fell in love and many “great things” followed, including two daughters, born in 1983 and 1986, and a vineyard in 1984.
In 1974, Michel Guérard left his Michelin-starred bistro and came to Eugénie.
Having always been something of a culinary firebrand, he began watching the way his guests – who had come to lose weight – ate, and as a result, came up with the Grande Cuisine Minceur® (slimming-down cuisine) which immediately made him internationally famous.
He earned a first Michelin star for his creations in 1975, another the following year and finally, three stars in 1977!
Over time, the Estate grew, thanks to the restoration of a former 18th-century convent in 1989, then the Auberge de La Ferme aux Grives in 1993, the creation of the Ferme Thermale® in 1996, lounges and suites in the Impératrice wing in 2009, and finally the Institut Michel Guérard®, and the Mère Poule & Cie culinary café in 2013.
Christine and Michel Guérard now work with their two daughters Adeline and Éléonore and their son-in-law Jauffray. This five cheerful people run Les Prés d’Eugénie passionately and mischievously, together with a loyal staff made up of 180 hospitality “virtuosos”.


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Flowers as window decorator
Plants such as Campanula pyramidalis were used as a window decorator trained round a hoop or as a fire-screen in summer time grown on a fan-shaped trellis; A really delightful idea.
The window boxes planted with greenery and with the addition of the archway or hoop covered with trailers seem to have very much the vogue. Such plants as Virginia creeper, honeysuckle, summer Jessamine were used for this purpose, and appear to have been very successful.
Ferneries and water gardens were commonly set up outside the drawing-room or hall by means of a small glass cupboard built on to an outside wall and serving as greenery window or a sort of picture of interesting plants on one wall of the room. Many of the indoor plants which people consider rather new nowadays were well known to the Victorians and decorated their homes-notably rubber plant, etc., and it is interesting to note that such comparatively difficult things as club-moss, Killarnery-fern, pitcher plant, fly trap were recommended for growing in plant cases window frames and other places about the house.!


Edwardian Period Doors (plus 20’s and 30’s)
Edwardian era: 1901 – 1910
At The Period Front Door Company we specialise in creating bespoke Edwardian front doors and front doors for ‘Between the Wars’ properties.
Edwardian front doors were typically more decorative than their Victorian predecessors, and stained glass became a popular feature in many front doors.
A typical Edwardian front door features three panels with glazing above the panels in a variety of shapes and sizes. Front doors from this era often featured art deco styling with a mix of geometric and decorative shapes.
All our Edwardian Period Front Doors are Handmade in the UK
At The Period Front Door Company we can match your existing front door, including replicating or including the original stained glass, or encapsulating the stained glass within a triple glazed unit.
We can also create an original design for your Edwardian, 1920s or 1930s property, with a range of moulding, panelling and paint options.
Call: 020 8643 6421
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Edwardian, 20’s and 30’s
Earlier front doors from this period tended to be painted in dark colours such as green or black, but as front door design progressed in to the 1930’s the colours started to get lighter and more colourful glass designs started to appear.
All our front doors are made with the highest grade Accoya timber, which is durable, stable and thermally efficient. Our front doors feature ERA night latches and 5 lever dead locks as standard, as well as full perimeter draught proofing and weather stripping. We offer a range of traditional and modern door furniture sets, and can offer a full RAL colour range, as well matching the colour from a sample you supply.
These images show an Edwardian door in production
Edwardian Period Front Doors in London and Surrey
We can copy any period door, just show us a photo, provide a sketch or show us a front door in your local area that you like and we can make an exact replica.


|About the Book|
Excerpt from As It Is in the PhilippinesIn writing the following pages, I have been impressed with the fact of how little is really known of the situation in the Philippines in America to-day. It is now over a year since the Civil Government assumedMoreExcerpt from As It Is in the PhilippinesIn writing the following pages, I have been impressed with the fact of how little is really known of the situation in the Philippines in America to-day. It is now over a year since the Civil Government assumed the reins of office, and most of the conditions that were described in Congress were conditions that existed under the military regime and prior to the time when Governor Taft and his associates assumed charge.As the chief correspondent in the Philippines of the Associated Press, I was probably in a better position to get at the real facts as they existed in the provinces than anybody else in the Archipelago- better than the civil authorities, for they relied entirely upon the local governors- better than the military authorities, as their reports were entirely from army officers.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully- any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.


Port Arthur Massacre
the controversial How to "Vote
John Howard as King!"
PDF file here.
John Howard had been Australia’s Prime Minister for about eight weeks. He had won the right to preside over the 38th Parliament in the previous 2nd March 1996 election, when the Keating Labour Government was soundly defeated at the polls.
It is not unusual for a Prime Minister to visit the locale of a disaster, as it is part of his duties to determine just exactly what assistance the Federal government can properly concede. It is also quite proper for the Prime Minister to be fully informed of the exact problems created by the disaster, and it must be expected that this did occur with John Howard. Following the intellectual tenet, Mr Howard made provisions for the survivors to be properly counselled so as to minimise the traumatic effects they had experienced. It is worthwhile noting that many survivors later commented on the absolute failure of the counsellors to negate the problems created by the Port Arthur Incident.
The next moves made by Mr Howard though are mind-boggling. The Prime Minister stated that since the perpetrator had been apprehended, it would help ease the suffering of the survivors if they did not have to experience the pain of a Coronial Inquest. By making such a comment, Mr Howard has made a legal presumption. Under Australian law, a person must be considered innocent until proven guilty. Mr Howard must have been aware that stating Bryant was the guilty person was an offence within the meaning of the Act, of contempt. Radio commentators have been gaoled for making similar remarks. Any barrister worthy of their station would immediately condemn such statements as being prejudicial to his client. No such criticism was levelled at the Prime Minister.
Such pious comments appear to come from the heart, but there are problems. Part of the healing process is to comprehend just how and why these incidents occur. By removing the Inquest, questions that should have been answered, remained unanswered and rumours abound creating more suffering for the survivors.
There was another problem with Mr Howard’s dictum, of which he must have been well aware. Mr Howard is only a politician. It is normal under State law that every death not covered by a Doctor’s Certificate, must undergo an Inquest. There are no ifs or buts about it. It is the law and the Prime Minister would be very much aware of the various facets of the law because he studied law in Sydney, his first two years were full-time at the Law School in Philip Street and then his last two years were in articles. (Gerard Henderson, A Howard Government?) Thus, the Prime Minister would have been well aware that not even God could interfere legally with this tenet.
Furthermore, an Inquest is a judicial matter. How can any politician interfere with the judiciary? He has no power to make any decision or move within such matters, but Mr Howard made this suggestion, and it was accepted without demur. Every move made by relatives of the deceased in calling for a Coronial Inquest was denied by the Tasmanian Coroner and the Attorney General, Ray Groom who was also the Minister for Port Arthur, with the advice that any Coronial Inquest was bound to find in exactly the same finding as in the Supreme Court.
The Tasmanian Coroners Act of 1995, section 25 sub section (4) If in the course of criminal proceedings a person has been charged on indictment, the inquest, on resumption, must not contain any findings which is inconsistent with the determination of the matter by the result of those proceedings. Consider that legal requirement for a moment. An Australian Court can be required to make findings that are not inconsistent with another Court. The difficulties here are that there are two different levels of evidence that are admissible in a Coroner’s Court and the Supreme Court. The Prime Minister, Mr Howard’s suggestion has been taken to the absolute letter, but where are the powers for Mr Howard’s suggestion to be accepted?
The Australian Constitution, in Chapter 3, The Judicature, states emphatically; “71. The judicial power of the Commonwealth shall be invested in a Federal Supreme Court, to be called the High Court of Australia, and in such other federal courts as the Parliament creates, and in such other courts as it invests with federal jurisdiction. The High Court shall consist of a Chief Justice, and so many other Justices, not less than two, as the Parliament prescribes."
What is noticeable here is that the Prime minister does not rate a mention. He has absolutely no power within the judicial framework.
However, Mr Howard then went even further in his unlawful actions. Mr Howard suggested the demolition of the Broad Arrow Café. Again this was under the pretence of pain and suffering of the survivors. However, the Broad Arrow Café was part of the evidence that would be required for any future court case and inquest. There are again laws set in place to preserve evidence that ‘may’ be required by any court. It is a felony, a major crime to interfere with evidence. Again the statement was accepted without demur.
However there was never any undue haste, and the building was stripped within weeks of the November sentencing. That was the extent of the demolition. The walls and floor of the original building still stand as a grim reminder to any person of the tragic events that occurred within and outside the grim construction. The suggested garden retreat has finally emerged to be officially opened on the fourth anniversary of the Massacre on the 28th April 2000. Who knows why, but the fact is the reminder, being the original walls of the building are still there. Perhaps one day the Broad Arrow Cafe shall be resurrected and become another part of the historic site for visitors to gape at.
The third move by the Prime Minister was the Police Ministers meeting on the 10th May 1996, eleven days after the massacre, where Mr Howard implemented his “National guidelines” to the various State Minister’s on what and how their new State firearm laws should comprise.
But Mr Howard is a Federal politician. He has no constitutional powers to support this foray into State matters and he was well aware of that. This point was argued very strongly with Ray Martin during the second debate, which was televised on Tuesday the 25th of February 1996. There had been other plays. The Labour Premier of New South Wales, Bob Carr had already passed legislation for his State to cede power in relation to firearms, from the State to the Federal Government. This had been done within seven days of the Port Arthur Massacre. However, the Prime Minister declined to accept this lead to accept the full Labour Party Policy in relation to National Firearms policy, and worked to retain the States rights in this matter. We were told that it was the Prime Minister’s decision, and he accepted that mantle.
However the Prime Minister still had to overcome difficulties within his party, and certain bureaucrats. This is demonstrated by the Melbourne Age, which on Monday the 29th April 1996 in a 10am special filed this report. Last night the Prime Minister, Mr Howard, led a chorus of outrage and horror when he issued a statement deploring the “tragic mass murder.” The Attorney-General and Justice Minister, Mr. Darryl Williams, pledged to press for changes to gun laws. So on the night of the actual massacre, the Federal Attorney-General or persons within his department, were well aware of the documents prepared by the previous Labor Government, and were prepared to push for the unconstitutional firearm laws, matters outside his portfolio. Protocol says the Federal Attorney-General and his department should remain silent on State issues.
Again it is proper to consult with the Australian Constitution, which under Chapter 5, The States, recognises the rights of the individual States. Section 106 deals with the Saving of the States Constitutions, section 107 with saving the power of State Parliaments, section 108 with saving of State Laws, and section 109 with the inconsistency of laws, which says, “When a law of a State is inconsistent with a law of the Commonwealth, the latter shall prevail, and the former shall, to the extent of the inconsistency, be invalid.” However this inconsistency can only be within the legislative powers of the Commonwealth, as specified in section 51 of the constitution. There is no constitutional foundation whatsoever for the demands put by the Prime Minister on the various State Ministers at the meeting of the 10th May 1996.
Furthermore, the Commonwealth is obliged under section 118 of the Australian Constitution to the recognition of laws, public Acts and records, and the judicial proceedings of every State. If however, the Prime Minister was to use section 119, which states, “119. The Commonwealth shall protect every State against invasion and, on the application of the Executive Government of the State, against domestic violence.”
Again for the Prime Minister to have any legitimate power, then the State Executive Government must request such intervention. No such request was made by the States regarding the 10th May 1996 Police Minister’s meeting. Furthermore, should such actions be held to be under duress, then again such laws are not valid, a point again raised by our constitution.
To demonstrate the two ‘prima facie’ cases of duress at this point, it must be remembered that the Victorian politician at this meeting was Bill McGrath, who had been adamant that the firearm laws in Victoria were the best in Australia, and he was not prepared to amend them. However, Mr Howard called Bill McGrath aside and accompanied by another person spoke privately to Bill McGrath, who after that meeting appeared shaken and ceded to the Prime Minister’s demand. And all this had to be completed in time for the evening news, which again must be considered as more duress. Which is more important, the proper debate on State laws or the evening news?
However, back to the private discussion between Bill McGrath, John Howard and the third unknown person. I was informed that the third person was in fact a member of ASIO. It doesn’t really matter, except when you think of it, what could Mr Howard put to Bill McGrath to make him change his stance on an unconstitutional foray. Mr Howard may not have had the right ammunition, but what did the man from ASIO tell Bill McGrath?
Of course we are informed that the threat applied to the various recalcitrant ministers would have been the loss of endorsement at the next election. This must be viewed as balderdash as any such action would ensure the minister would simply become an Independent, and definitely romp it in at the next election.
So here we have three unconstitutional, improper or illegal acts committed by the Prime Minister. However, there was not a hint of an outcry from the opposition, or the judiciary, and States who have born the forays without demur. Why? There are of course certain instances whereby the government should not inform the general public, but was the Incident at Port Arthur a legitimate case? On the face of it, there is no apparent reason why a security screen should be placed around the massacre, but the screen is there, and it’s in the form of a “D notice”.
In matters of Australian security, there is frequently a ‘need to know’ agenda. This is why most Australians are quite ignorant on such matters, which are handled by our ‘Security Services’. A “D notice” is a security notice issued from the Federal Attorney General’s department, which also controls ASIO and ASIS. Matters which come under a “D notice” are considered relevant to Australia’s security, so why was a “D notice” implemented on Martin Bryant? What has made Martin Bryant the Rudolph Hess of Australia? Can there be any other reason except that the Port Arthur massacre was a terrorist attack, and that Martin Bryant is the only known connection?
In an article written by Garry Linnell in the Bulletin in May 1999, the author visited Risdon Prison in Tasmania, to view the world of Martin Bryant. He was not permitted to speak or to photograph Martin Bryant. What Linnell did inform the readers was that the Director of Prison Services, John Dodd and the Deputy Secretary of the Department of Justice, Benbigh Richards have “decided that Bryant will be stripped of the one thing he most desperately craves: an audience.” That such an action is not only unlawful, but also outside the legal boundaries of their duties, is not questioned by Linnell, but it does corroborate the “D notice” issued on the prisoner.
In the aftermath of the Port Arthur Massacre, Mr Howard had all the necessary information, but he reacted with determination on a line, which was so full of flaws, that it was obvious to many Australians that we were not being told the truth. Think again on why Mr Howard would suddenly start wearing a flak jacket? Was it only the firearm owners that would have cause to assassinate the Prime Minister? Think of what such an act would do for the anti-gun lobby? What compelled Mr Howard to wear such protection not only at Sale, but also in Queensland when electioneering for the 1998 election? When and where was the threat made against the Prime Minister’s life?
In May 1996, the Deputy Prime Minister of Australia and the leader of the National Party, Tim Fischer had a meeting with firearm owners in Central Australia, where he said to them, “If we don’t get it right this time, then next time there is a massacre and there will be, then they’ll take all our guns off us.” Just what exactly did Mr Fischer mean by that statement? Who are they, who would take all the guns off us? What did Mr Fisher mean by “the next time there is a massacre, and there will be.”? Please remember Mr Fischer’s credentials. He is an ex-serviceman, having served in Vietnam, and has been well trained in the use of the Belgian FN, which was our armed forces rifle.
The answer to some of these questions is given during the second debate between the then Prime Minister, Paul Keating and John Howard, hosted by Sydney’s Ray Martin, on Tuesday the 25th February 1996:
Martin: What about gun laws? Are you in favour of a national
In this part of the so-called ‘great debate’, Ray Martin was pushing the NSW Labor Party’s policy in relation to firearms. Regardless of Ray Martin’s ignorance in relation to the Constitution powers of the States, the push here was for the Federal Government to usurp the States powers in relation to firearm laws. This would have one major impact on firearm laws. It is however worthwhile examining the various answers given by both Keating and Howard.
Keating: Yes, but we have a national gun law ~ and we had to
fight the gun lobby to do it.
What is interesting is Ray Martin’s question to John Howard, when Martin asks: “Are you in favour of national gun laws and a national gun register?” National gun laws are unconstitutional. There would also be doubts on the validity of a national gun register.
John Howard answers that he is in favour of very strict controls on the importation, and he is interrupted by Ray Martin who doesn’t like the answer. John Howard then states, “I don’t think it is because there are certain constitutional rights and powers in this area that reside with the States and you just can’t…”
Again Ray Martin Interjects and states, “And the Federal Government has the power to have a national gun register” John Howard replies, “I am in favour of set of laws that you work out in co-operation with the States that gives the maximum amount of protection.” Ray Martin though calls this passing the buck.
Ray Martin then moves onto the subject of handguns. There may be a problem in America with handguns, but Australia has never had that problem. John Howard’s answer is to state: “I can’t see any justification at all for people carrying handguns, and I would hate to see the cities of Australia become anything like New York. I’d hate to see it.”
If we consider what has been stated in this debate by John Howard, and then consider just exactly what Graeme Richardson stated in his interview in early May 1996, “I mean the governments in South Australia and Tasmania simply declined to take part in national gun laws the last time the Police Ministers discussed it. The Tasmanian Minister saying that we don’t have a problem down here, so we don’t need to be in it. I think everyone now seems to understand that they need to be in it, and the easiest way to get one law is to cede power to the Commonwealth.”
Eight weeks after he was elected Prime Minister of Australia, John Howard certainly became aware of the need to appease that body within Australia that was prepared to slaughter men, women and children for political reasons. What is important to consider here is that John Howard did not take the so-called easy path and have the States cede their power to the Federal Government. What Howard did was to permit the States to maintain their rights within their various constitutions, but set up a National Guideline, and also permitted the States to control their own firearms register. This is important.
With these particular understandings with the State Governments, any future Federal Government cannot constitutionally remove the rights of Australians to own firearms through any so-called signed treaty with any outside force such as the United Nations. The Federal Government does not have the power to force the States to cede their powers in relation to firearms to the Federal Government, and any move to totally disarm Australians could be thrown into turmoil by just one State refusing to be bullied into ceding such power.
It is the Australian Federal Government that is represented at the United Nations, and the treaties signed by Australian representatives with the United Nations are thus only pertinent with Federal laws and powers. The Federal Government cannot sign away State constitutional matters. However if the firearm laws were ceded to the Federal Government, then the Federal Government could argue that treaties signed with the United Nations would impact on our firearm laws, and thus permit Australian Laws to be determined outside of the Australian Parliament. We would have effectively been robbed of our sovereignty, and a dangerous precedent set. This is what the Deputy Prime Minister Tim Fischer was referring to in his speech to the shooters in Central Australia. We now also have a political agenda for the Port Arthur Massacre.
But here again is another problem. The Australian Constitution was enacted in 1900, and Federation in Australia became a reality at the beginning of the 20th Century, 1st January, 1901. The constitution does not recognise any power outside the Federation that may usurp the legitimate power of the various State and Federal Governments to implement laws within Australia. Neither the United Nations, which was created in 1946, nor its predecessor, the League of Nations that was created in the aftermath of the First World War has any credence within our Constitution.
Thus, any treaty with the United Nations, signed by any Australian bureaucrat or politician is not legally binding until the articles are enacted into law by the Australian government or governments that the treaty encroaches upon. An example is the Treaty signed by the Australian Federal Government in relation to the 'Rights of Children’ was unconstitutional because the various laws in relation to the chastisement of children were State laws. The Australian Constitution totally forbids the Federal Government from directly encroaching upon any States rights, and this was one of those rights.
What Australians had in May 1996 though was a Prime Minister behaving in a manner different from normal. It is the first time that both the Liberal and Labor Parties have fully endorsed the actions of the government of the day. Could these changes have been instigated by a terrorist attack, a terrorist attack at Port Arthur?
What we did have, was the implementation of a ready-made firearm policy, constitutionally invalid, draconian, and ignorant of many of the finer points relevant to firearms, and the implementation of actual law. Would this be the reason why so many people died and so many others suffered?
to this agenda was given by Graeme Richardson, the former Labor minister
and power broker in an interview in early May 1996, after the Port Arthur
Host, Tracy: It’s time now for Graeme Richardson, morning
“Do you believe that people like Ron Owens still have the political
support today that they might have enjoyed a week ago?”
“Well Barry Unsworth says that uh, soon the media will lose interest
in this story, if you like, if we can reduce it to a story, and politicians
will then lose their will. Do you believe that will happen?”
“Well Bob Carr passed his bill in the Lower House yesterday, to ahh,
to cede control over gun laws to the Federal Government. Does it require
that to get a truly uniform response?”
“Well if just one State holds out next Friday, and John Howard maintains
his will and his anger, he can go to a Referendum?”
“Do you believe that if there was a Referendum, then the overwhelming
majority of people would vote for uniform gun laws?”
“Hmm, okay. Thanks for your time Richo.”
In that little interview, the former Labour Federal Minister and powerbroker states the whole political agenda for the massacre in Tasmania. It is also worthwhile reading what the previous guests who were on the same show, and with whom Graeme Richardson so heartily agreed with.
Roland Browne, “we’re expecting, even though it’s raining at the moment, probably 10,000 plus people today. We’re going to have some prayers and some words about the dead, and then we’re going to hear from people who have been at the centre of negotiations with some of the government. We’ve got a very important announcement that we’re going to make at our rally, I think we could describe it as a breakthrough, and I think it is a very positive breakthrough, and I think out of this tragedy some real progress is going to be made, and we’re very very thankful for that. We have met with both the government and the opposition yesterday, and I think we’ve got some good news.”
“The gun lobby has been very powerful in Australia traditionally.
Do you believe Tasmania has turned the tide?”
“Andrew, do you agree with that?”
It is also interesting to recall the attack by the South Australian Labour Senator, Chris Schacht, when he attacked the New South Wales State politician, John Tingle who was the only politician of the Shooters Party. “I hope he recognises what his party has wrought on Australia by following these policies.” The media called the attack scathing, and accusing pro-gun groups of a campaign of political intimidation.
What is notable though is that the push for tough gun control appears to come from New South Wales. Barry Unsworth, with support from his Labour counterpart in Victoria, John Cain, were strong advocates of the policy. This must raise some concern, as it was only Victoria that suffered the two lone gunman massacres in August and December of 1987. The NSW massacre didn’t occur until 1991. It is also noticeable that the spokespersons for the various gun control bodies were all urban middleclass, university educated, persons, representing the Environmental Movement.
Graeme Richardson referred back to the 1988 election campaign of the NSW Labor Premier Barry Unsworth, with his agenda in the implementation of tougher firearm laws. Richardson states that the campaign for tougher firearm laws was not instrumental in Labor losing the election, as Barry Unsworth had already lost the election (before the firearm campaign) but many of the Labor candidates from the rural areas believed otherwise. There was also the possibility that any new effort to bring in tougher firearm laws, could see some politicians lose the will to vote for such legislation. Perhaps Richardson meant that some politicians would probably follow the desires of their constituency rather than party lines. This time it (the massacre) is so bad, it will be very hard for it to go away, and there is so much will (push) in the Commonwealth government, that there is a better than even chance that something will be done.
Prior to the Tasmanian massacre, the South Australian and Tasmanian Governments simply declined to take part in ‘National Gun Control. They stated at the Special Premier’s meeting held in Hobart in December 1987, that they didn’t have a problem with guns. Richardson now states that every State understands that they need to be in it, and should cede power to the Commonwealth. The difficulty is that if one state holds out, then people can still travel to that State and buy firearms. This is again incorrect. For a person to buy guns prohibited in one State would still require to show a relevant licence to purchase such firearm. Furthermore the importation of such firearm into a State which prohibits the ownership of such weapons would automatically cause any licence held by the importer to be cancelled.
Again to demonstrate where the push was coming from. The NSW Labor Government under Bob Carr passed a bill to cede power to the Commonwealth Government in relation to firearms prior to John Howard announcing his plans on the matter. Why would a Labor State Government be so readily prepared to assist a Liberal Federal Government in usurping State powers? Not only that, but within a week of the massacre, when there was in actual fact very little supposed knowledge of just what exactly happened. This was not another kneejerk reaction. The Victorian Liberal government was adamant that it would not be ceding powers to the Commonwealth.
This was the ceding of power from the States to the Federal Government that Graham Richardson referred to and was desirous in attaining. This was pure Labor Party policy. It also demonstrates that politicians and bureaucrats in both Sydney and Canberra, were prepared and waiting for the massacre, one that had been predicted by Barry Unsworth in December 1987, at Hobart, at the 1987 Special Premiers’ meeting, when he stated, “There will never be uniform gun laws in Australia until we see a massacre in Tasmania.”
Thus we have the political requirement for the massacre in Tasmania. The original push came from the Labor Government under Barry Unsworth. His 1988 campaign for tougher firearm laws was part of the reason why the Labor Party lost government. The rural sector of NSW totally rejected the campaign. John Cain in Victoria had similar problems and was forced to greatly reduce the push for tougher firearm laws in Victoria.
Graeme Richardson was wrong when he stated that politicians could lose the will to stand by the firearm laws. It was the voters themselves that would reject any draconian intervention into their perceived freedoms. Any politician in the rural sectors of Australia who voted for such implementations would simply lose office at the next election, as the Unsworth Government demonstrated. Furthermore most of the so-called mass murders in Australia were domestic disputes related to perceived problems with the Family Law Act, which was another Labor Party implementation. In fact there were only two massacres outside the domestic mass murders that occurred in Australia prior to 1996.
When we look at the size and the brutality of the Port Arthur massacre, it gave cause for politicians to support the new agenda in relation to firearms. It also gave the Federal Government the impetus to step outside their constitutional powers to usurp States rights. It was also noted that Queenslanders were not impressed with the Howard’s Government’s push to intercede with their constitutional rights, and called the Federal government’s reaction as “a kneejerk reaction”. The one thing the Howard Government’s reaction was not, was the kneejerk. The entire plan and policy implementation had been devised years before, and was simply waiting for the massacre to happen.
There were two items though, that John Howard refused to accept. John Howard did not demand the States to cede their constitutional powers in relation to firearms to the Federal Government, as is what the Labor Government of New South Wales proposed. Howard implemented a National policy guide from which the States could implement their own changes and thus retain their rights. John Howard also refused to implement a National register, again leaving it the States and again permitting the constitutional powers to remain.
There is one last myth to dispel and that is regarding the so-called ‘gun lobby’. The entire gun lobby in New South Wales was only able to get one member of the Shooters Party into the Upper House of the State Government. Moreover, that was the first time in Australia’s history that the gun lobby became politically involved. In strength the shooters in that state were reputed to represent only 2% of the vote. In Victoria, the gun lobby was even weaker. There has been fractional infighting, and incompetent leadership throughout Australia.
So when the Gun Control members make certain statements, it is worthy of consideration. Roland Browne stated that from out of this tragedy, some progress has been made. The gun lobby, which has been traditionally very powerful in Australia, has been finished. What this statement demonstrates is the fact that the anti-gun lobby group has now gained immense power from the massacre. They have aced their opponents, but consider the price.
However it is remembered that Roland Browne predicted a massacre in Tasmania in November of 1995, and made similar predictions of the “A Current Affair” show after the Dunblane Massacre in Scotland. Also, Professor Simon Chapman stated on the Today show on Monday the 29th April 1996 that such predictions were feasible, then a person could not help but ponder as to where these people received their information so as to give such an accurate prediction of the future.
So let us consider the political requirements to ensure that the required national gun law requirements are accepted by all States. Tasmania had stated that they don’t have any problems with their gun laws. The Port Arthur massacre has dispelled that statement. It opens the way for the removal of automatic and semi-automatic firearms. Port Arthur was an excellent example of what can be achieved on an unsuspecting population, by a person using these military type weapons. The politicians must not lose their resolve in relation to the new firearm laws. The deaths of 35 innocents have ensured that any politician who spoke out about the implementation of such laws would be open to political suicide. The attack by Chris Schacht demonstrates what any politician would face if he dared to offer any differing opinion. The situation that led to Barry Unsworth losing so many seats in the 1988 election has now been rectified. Politically, the Port Arthur massacre eliminated every possible obstacle for the ceding of State firearm legislation to the Commonwealth Government, except for one, the Federal Constitution. What happened though was that the Howard Government declined to take that particular path, and chose another, more amenable to the constitutional rights of the States.
The initial fear from the various gun control lobby groups was that Queensland would be the recalcitrant State. That situation was overcome. However, when Victoria started to alter some parts of the newly adopted Firearm Act, the screams of outrage from the anti-gun lobby were loud and hysterical. Federal Justice Minister Amanda Vanstone made some noises, but was unable to compel the Victorian Premier to change his decision on the new adjustments as they were within the National guide. There are now two noticeable differences in the various State firearms legislation. One is that even today the laws vary from State to State, and are thus not National gun laws. The second is that it is now extremely difficult for firearm owners to transport their firearms interstate, due to the non-recognition of interstate shooters licences, and difficulties in applying for those licences.
Thus, as a result of the Port Arthur massacre, the Prime Minister, John Howard came to the decision that something had to done to prevent such an atrocity to again strike at the citizens of Australia. That decision was made, as many would say, with undue haste that suggested an urgency of which the Australian people were not informed. One of the loudest voices would have been that of the anti-gun lobby. Then there was the prepared document already lodged and waiting within the Federal Attorney General’s Office, which apparently fitted the required agenda.
The SSAA would later state that the author of this document was a bureaucrat within the Attorney General’s Office by the name of Daryl Smeaton, and that he was part of the anti-gun lobby. It was also stated that this document was several years old and had been waiting for such an occasion. The main element for the document was the removal of military type firearms from individuals. In fact the new Firearms Acts did far more than that. Firearms held by the government outside of the armed Services were also destroyed, even though they would have been considered back up in any emergency, such as East Timor. The document also caused the removal of many other firearms that would not be considered military type firearms, such as the self-loading .22 rifles that have been used for generations for hunting rabbits.
It was the rural communities that were hit the hardest by these new firearm laws, those same communities that rejected the 1988 campaign of Barry Unsworth. Those communities still feel as though they are no longer part of the of Australia’s political scene. The respectable sporting shooter who had always obeyed the law not only felt the political wrath of unscrupulous politicians, but also felt they were being blamed for the Port Arthur tragedy. In the various states that had already introduced firearm registries these respectable law-biding members of society were compelled to hand over their property to be destroyed. However there were also a large number of people within both the urban and the rural communities who had failed to respect the firearm registries and their weapons were not known to the government. To these people came the belief that governments were not to be trusted, and they were not compelled to part with their weapons. Naturally criminal elements also had no compulsion to disarm themselves.
There is one last Federal Politician, or perhaps I should say member that played a major role in the aftermath of the Port Arthur Massacre, and that was Pauline Hanson. We are all aware that Pauline Hanson was the Liberal Party candidate in a strong Labor electorate, until she upset the hierarchy with comments against the Aboriginal bureaucracy. It was the disendorsement that won her the seat as the rural voters clamoured for some legitimate representation.
The attacks on the member for Oxley were always considered on the racist issue, but if the Labor view of the gun issue relating to Barry Unsworth and his defeat in the 1988 State election is considered, then a completely different picture emerges. The Labor Party was always eager to do as much damage as possible to the emerging political member, and the party she created. The Liberal and National Parties were always reticent in attacking her head on. Both sides of the government were aware of the so-called 90% voters for safer firearm laws and the 2% pro-gun voters and how the rural voters would react to any government implementing the prepared Labor firearm laws. In fact, had the One Nation Party not existed at the 1998 election, then the Labor Party would have been returned to power.
The majority of support for the One Nation came from the rural sector, and 85% of the votes One Nation received at the 1998 election were from the gun owners of Australia. Even then these voters were unwilling to give their preferences to the Labor Party for many reasons, but the main reason must be the venomous and dictatorial attack which the Labor Party led. This was the one political card that could not have been predicted prior to the March 1996 election, the election that the Labor Party knew it would lose. It would also have been unknown at the time of the planning of the Port Arthur Massacre.
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After the Roosevelt’s premature death, Chairman Truman refuted it Western-preferred balance-of-stamina plan and you can found so you’re able to refute Soviet and you may communist influence every where. Considering Leffler, “a period out-of procedures set up you to definitely amounted so you can containment prior to the insurance policy are formulated as a result.”
The development will likely be discerned because of the thinking about some situations of You.S. measures when you look at the European countries, the middle East, and you can Asia. With regard to Germany, the united states and The uk rebuffed Soviet desires engage on global power over the newest Ruhr [a refreshing mining area during the western Germany]. Secretary out of Condition Byrnes, Assistant out-of War [Henry] Stimson, as well as their expert advisors believed that the new resources of this particular area needed to be utilized to help you suffice the requirements of Western Europe and you will west Germany. … The official Agency and the Joint Chiefs of Professionals as well as felt like during the July 1945 one Soviet overtures to own feet legal rights regarding Turkish straits need to be declined.
This was containment, to ensure, and also Uk-Western hegemony. The british reigned over the fresh new Mediterranean, and Britain while the You.S. together pursued power over Middle East petroleum. Should your You.S. was to give Soviet basics on Turkish straits, authored Secretary of your Navy James Forrestal ready paper inside July 1945, “Russia could well be sorely tempted to combine the woman stamina together with her ideology to enhance their influence across the world.” Indeed, it was the U.S. and you will Britain that were broadening its control and you can influence. Into June step one, 1945, the principle of You.S. State Department’s Petroleum Section told his British similar you to “our petroleum coverage into the the uk try according to a good mutual recognition regarding an incredibly comprehensive shared appeal and you may abreast of an excellent handle … of your great majority of the newest totally free oils resources of new business.” In lieu of exercise a deal with the brand new Soviet Commitment, the brand new You.S. built another Mediterranean demand out of several warships, a speech off push. Once the Paterson contends, “Russia wasn’t militarily intimidating Chicken; as an alternative it actually was requiring mutual control of the newest strategic Dardanelles – a timeless Russian attention more a Communist one to…. The usa refused to discuss combined Soviet-Turkish control once The second world war and you can encouraged the new Turks to become uncompromising.”


On September 1st En’ Felicity called the Wa Ngao to meet in Council and consider the elevation of the kajira Hoshi Tamura Llanfair to be a “senior kajira” of the tribe. First Girl Jazz and Kajira Nasiha Desire gave ringing endorsements prior to Council. When En’ posed the question there was enthusiastic support from the Tribe and thus, a “Ceremony of Elevation” was conducted at the site of the ruins in the Valley of the Ancients.
Hoshi has shown dedicated support for the tribe since times spent in the old lands prior to the migration to Our current Home in the Jungles of Gor. The “Ceremony of Elevation” was witnessed by Sisters of the Tribe as well as Sisters of tribes allied to the Wa Ngao. Hoshi’s elevation adds tremendous depth to the “kajira culture” of the Wa Ngao and will help sustain the philosophy of the “Five Founders”.


This will be the first of a probably irregular series of blogs about the 1980s IPC comic for boys Eagle. IPC had a whole raft of comics at the time, aimed at teenage boys and girls, of which only 2000AD is still widely remembered these days in the moribund 21st century UK comics scene. All of these comics sold in numbers that publishers would give their eye teeth for these days, but were run ruthlessly by the management, so that even a slight dip in sales figures could lead to the dreaded headline “GREAT NEWS CHUMS” and merger with another comic, with maybe only 3 or 4 of your favourite strips continuing in the amalgamated title.
Eagle had been published before, founded in 1950 by Marcus Morris, an anglican vicar from Lancashire. This version ran until 1969, and famously starred Dan Dare, Pilot of the Future created by Frank Hampson – a strip which is well-remembered now, and still in print, most recently published by Titan books from 2004 to 2010 in a series of handsome hardcover books. By contrast, the 1980s Eagle, is not hugely remembered these days – except, perhaps, by those of my generation who grew up with it.
80s Eagle was allegedly the brainchild of John Purdie, a manager at IPC. Purdie had worked on Bunty for DC Thomson, but joined Fleetway, IPC’s comics-publishing arm with the intention of revitalising their girls comics range. One of his innovations was the cunning addition of photo strips, a popular feature, mostly used on ‘romance’ strips where the teenage girl waited for the boy she liked to actually ask her out. Purdie’s new idea was to try photo strips in the boys comic arena and see if he could achieve similar success. Also in the news at the time was the possibility of a Dan Dare TV series. 2000AD had been running a Dan Dare strip with mixed success – largely because the character bore virtually no resemblance to Frank Hampson’s original – but cancelled the strip in 1979, so the opportunity was there to bring back Dare in his original home of Eagle, and do something a bit more recognisable for fans of the original stories.
The work of creating the new comic fell to Group Editor Barrie Tomlinson. Working for him was Editor Dave Hunt, the man who had edited Battle Picture Weekly for IPC from 1976 to 1980 and been a critical factor in the creation of Pat Mills’ Charley’s War, a classic of the war genre. Mills, who had created Battle Picture Weekly and 2000AD would also write for the comic, as would John Wagner, the creator of Judge Dredd. The new Eagle was worked on in great secrecy, with the first issue coming out on 27 March 1982. Was it a triumph? Well… let’s see. I’m going to read them again. So you don’t have to.


The US Seventh Fleet consists of, number one- Office Of the Secretary of the Navy, number two- Office Of the Chief of the Naval Operations, number three- The Operating Forces, number four- The Shore Establishment.
The headquarters of US Fleet Activities Yokosuka, in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan which is part of the US Pacific Fleet.
In US Seven Fleet, the US has Deployed around 70 Ships, around 300 Aircraft, and around 40,000 Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guards. These Forces of US seven fleet has responsibilities in Natural Disaster, Help in Military Operations, and maintains peace in World and countries having Nuclear Disasters Bomb
The US Seventh Fleet Firstly Action on 15 March 1943 in Australia, during the period of World War II, by Admiral Arthur S. “Chips” Carpender( an American admiral).
Wars In Which US 7 Fleet Fought and Helped Neighbouring and Military Alliance Countries.
Korean War- US Seventh Fleet Fought all major operations of the Korean and Vietnamese Wars.
Vietnam War- US Seventh Fleet make their official entrances into the Vietnam War, with the Gulf of Tonkin incident.
India-Pakistan War of 1971- support Pakistan during the war. US deployed TF 74 in the bay of Bengal, and the Soviet Union, in favor of India, dispatched the 10th Operative Battle Group of its Pacific Fleet
Gulf War and 1990s- In response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990.
The Seventh Fleet also fought the Battle of Leyte Gulfs, the Battle of Surigao Strait, and the Battle off Samar.
According to Economics Times of India
Check the Images of US Seven Fleet
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The whole country is celebrating the 93rd anniversary of the establishment of the Vietnamese Communist Party (03/02/1930-03/02/2023) with a lively atmosphere. The entire Party, people, and army are proud of the Vietnamese Communist Party, which is firm and loyal to the Marxist-Leninist ideology and Ho Chi Minh Thought, and leads the people from one victory to another, making great achievements in the history of the nation and contributing to the global communist and worker movement and peace and progress of humankind. The Party is proud, Ho Chi Minh is great, and each official and party member should feel their responsibilities more clearly and strive to be part of the Party, building a clean and strong Party and working together to achieve important political tasks and contribute to the development of the school.
On the morning of February 3rd, the Party Committee of Nha Trang Tourism College has earnestly organized the Commemoration Ceremony of the 93rd Anniversary of the Establishment of the Vietnamese Communist Party (03/02/1930-03/02/2023) and the 93rd Anniversary of the Establishment of the Khanh Hoa Provincial Party Committee (24/02/1930-24/02/2023).
The ceremony was attended by Comrades Nguyen Doan Thanh – Secretary of the Party Committee, Principal; Comrade Nguyen Duc Tan – Vice Secretary of the Party Committee, Vice Principal; Comrade Doan Xuan Nhan – Vice Principal; leaders of various departments and faculties of the school; staff and students who are Party members within the school.
The school leaders and all the staff, party members greeted the flag at the ceremony.
On behalf of the Party Committee, the school principal, read the commemorative speech, Comrade Nguyen Duc Tan, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee, and Deputy Principal of the School, reviewed the birth, training, dedication and growth of the Communist Party of Vietnam; highlighting the historical significance of the event on February 3, 1930, when the Communist Party of Vietnam was officially established. From then on, our revolution had a correct path and the Communist Party of Vietnam truly became the leader and organizer of all the victories of our revolution.
Comrade Nguyen Duc Tan delivered a speech at the anniversary celebration.
Comrade affirmed that through this, we cherish the past more, preserve the achievements of the revolution, understand, love and feel proud of our heroic and intelligent people and our Party – the Communist Party of Vietnam, which is magnificent in its unity and sacrifice for the independence and freedom of the nation and the happiness of the people.
The 93rd anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of Vietnam is an opportunity for our school to recall the glorious history of the magnificent Party, the magnificent history of our people and our heroic homeland. We celebrate the magnificent Party, the Lunar New Year of the Cat, the Party Committee, the Principal and all the staff and employees of the school as we step into 2023 with a new spirit and determination to implement the resolution to contribute to the success of the path chosen by the Party, Uncle Ho and our people, to be proud of and believe in the success of the renovation of the country, to cultivate the revolutionary qualities, to enhance the Party spirit, promote unity, renew and build a constantly developing school./.


DAR awards $10,000 Patriotism Grant to VRQ
Everyone at the Veterans Restoration Quarters (VRQ) is cheering! The National Society Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) announced they are donating $10,000 to the VRQ, a unit of Asheville-Buncombe Community Christian Ministry, for a new computer lab. Funding for this project was made possible through the sponsorship of the Edward Buncombe Chapter, National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, located in Asheville, NC who raised $16,500. The classroom is to be named the Anne Penland DAR Computer Classroom, honoring chapter member Anne Penland (1885-1976), who was a pioneering nurse anesthetist during WWI as a member of the Army Nurse Corps.
“We are honored to be chosen by the DAR for this award. We’re thrilled about the expansion of our computer classroom with new computers in memory of Anne Penland,” says Tim McElyea, Director of the Veterans Restoration Quarters. “The Daughters of the American Revolution has provided exactly what we need to offer great educational and training opportunities for our residents.”
The DAR grants program was started in 2010. Funding is awarded to support projects in local communities which promote the organization’s mission areas of historic preservation, education, and patriotism. The DAR receives hundreds of grants applications each year, making competition high for the funding through the non-profit organization. Interested groups must be sponsored by a local DAR chapter, submit a copy of their public charity 501(c)(3) IRS documentation, and include a narrative describing the need and urgency of the project as well as planned activities and benefits to the community which will result from the grant. The National Society Daughters of the American Revolution was founded in 1890 to promote patriotism, preserve American history, and support better education for our nation’s children. Its members are descended from patriots who won American independence during the Revolutionary War. With 178,000 members in approximately 3,000 chapters worldwide, DAR is one of the world’s largest and most active service organizations. To learn more about the work of today’s DAR, visit www.DAR.org. For more about applying for a Special Projects Grant from DAR, visit www.dar.org/grants.
For more information about DAR, please contact Luann Nelson at
828-712-9442 or visit ncdar.org/edwardbuncombechapter.html.


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The trams bore the VR livery in the Victorian Railways and operated on a wide five ft. three in. monitor for prospective link to the St Kilda railway line. The trial runs terrified horses that were viewed ‘pawing the air with wildly agitated ft.’ Tram sheds, with a powerhouse and smokestack, had been constructed on St Kilda Street reverse Ormond Esplanade (these days Brighton Gate apartments). They have been rebuilt following a disastrous hearth ruined the depot and seventeen trams.
My loved ones had a milk bar at sixty two Ormond Highway, Elwood. For the duration of the Second World War, our mum would wheel me from the pram towards the shop within the blackout. Clarrie the baker experienced a horse and cart and would supply the bread in a massive cane basket over his arm as well as duck eggs. The rubbish person had a cart and an enormous draught horse about 17-eighteen arms.
At the japanese targets and along the Macaulay Street boundary stood modest shelters for the spectators. These shelters have been demolished within the aftermath with the Bradford City stadium hearth in England and had been declared a fireplace hazard.
There’s A great deal to like concerning this Alex Popov masterpiece, though the amazing facade is unquestionably up there.
From fashionable house facades to vintage house facades, we’ve picked our favourite home exterior designs from Attributes for sale around Australia to get People facade ideas flowing.
Following the sale of reclaimed swampland at Elwood started in 1905, the residents petitioned St Kilda Council to produce a new and fourth council ward in St Kilda. The city engineer, Carlo Catani, drew up the plans and the previous ‘comical dreaming kingdom of Elwood’ officially became South see page Ward on the 8th April 1914. (Footnote four: A suburb by almost every other identify. Municipal boundaries are already subject matter to quite a few reorganisations over the decades.
The more challenging solution (perhaps the only possibility) will be to by some means get entry to work from the opposite side (neighbours side) on the wall, patch it up and water-resistant it from that side (therefore stopping h2o acquiring into the wall in the first place).
It absolutely was along a deeply sandy road packed with tree stumps, and also the bordering region really thickly strewn with gum trees and wattle or mimosa, some useless, some half lifeless, some in full vigour, some standing upright, some prostrate, some leaning in grotesque attitudes.
This similar pole also secured the wires for the 2nd line towards the beach and marked the tram halt and shelter at ‘Elwood Junction’. The nature divide while in the centre of Broadway is the previous pathway from the keep track of.
Residents productively fought off an try via the Government to market the reserve for development in 1865. Bundled in the southern conclude in the reserve ended up eleven acres of rifle vary that turned Elwood Park in 1907.
Elwood is soaked in memory permeating levels of soil and soul, fissures and cracks, flood and hearth, buildings and bridges, the residing as well as lifeless, the overlooked and unforgotten. It is the sites of our childhoods and our existing and our upcoming, our kingdom.
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These are the only real survivors from the eleven villas built in the Seaside Estate between 1880 and 1900.) The bush kid was a lot less than impressed with her new home:
, seventeen a long time just after colonial settlement. They had been amongst 86,000 gold hurry immigrants that arrived that year. Accommodation was desperately quick with seven thousand persons residing in ‘Canvas City’ in South Melbourne.


Centuries ago, Allara was the homeland of the Alissani. Crimson skinned, at least a head taller than any other known race, and growing no hair of any kind on their body, they ruled a peaceful, but mighty, kingdom in the frozen southlands. They kept themselves isolated; their business their own, their powerful magical practices a deep mystery, and let few outsiders cross their boarders.
Then the demon lord Nazisrezsen arose, slowly but surely conquering the northern lands with his army of Knolls, murdering every living thing that crossed his path. The Alissani allowed those fleeing to seek refuge in their land on the condition they would always remain its rulers. Those who accepted the offer were many and varied, journeying from across the vast continent to dwell in the icy south. They settled there, and lived under Alissani rule in harmony for many years, learning their ways, and even marrying and interbreeding among them.
What caused the plague is lost to history, if it was ever known, but it struck only the Alissani, and it struck quickly and suddenly. Within a decade, there were no full-blooded Alissani left in Allara, though it is not known if all died, or if some managed to flee to safety.
Even hundreds of years later, though, the people of Allara honor their ancestors’ agreement as best as they can. People with red skin are respected as nobles, and a line of crimson-skinned royals still rules the land. Over the centuries, the Knoll raiders have slowed, though never halted, their advance. Though seen occasionally quite close to Allara’s northern boarder, they’ve never made a serious advance on the kingdom.
Allara’s current queen, Lillinia Nallsir, is young, and known mainly for her reputed aloofness, ruling through her advisers and representatives, and appearing publicly only on holidays in her home city, Lorastin, and on the traditional journey to the kingdom’s other major cities in the brief spring months each year, when the ice breaks on the River Tullain, and the kingdom’s flocks of parrots leave the shelter of the cities to forage in the countryside.


Welcome to the Lenehan Family History blog.
1. Dennis LENEHAN (c.1806 - Oct 29, 1887)
m. Catherine ? (c.1814 - 1874)
Both born in Ireland. Children included:
• Margaret (1845-?) b. Ireland. She disappears from the family home after the 1861 census.
• Dennis (1849 - ?) b. Ireland. He disappears from the family home after the 1871 census.
• James Joseph (1851-1922) b. Ontario m. Mary Ann CAROLAN on November 22, 1877 at St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Toronto. Joseph was listed as a labourer aged 24 and Mary Ann was listed as being 21. Witnesses were James LYNCH, Polly KENNA, James and Deborah CAROLAN, all of Toronto.
• John (1854-?) b. Ontario. John is living with his father Dennis and last appears in the 1881 census. I cannot find him in the census records after that date. There is a John Lenehan listed in the 1888 Toronto city directory listed as a labourer living in rooms at 58 Humbert Avenue. In 1893 a John Lenehan appears living at 99 Cumberland as a groom with the Toronto Railway. In 1894 there is a John Linehan living at 29 Queen's Park as a coachman. William Christie of Christie Bakery lived at 29 Queen's Park. In 1895 there are two John Lenehans - one living at 29 Queen's Park as a coachman; and one living at 6 Clinton as a printer. I traced the John who was the coachman for the Christie family and it is not the correct John (the parents on his marriage registration are wrong). There is also a John living in Weston married to Sarah Goulding - again the parents on the marriage registration are wrong. The John who is a printer living at 6 Clinton appears to be the correct one as he is living there with his brother James in 1895. He does not appear there in 1897 or 1898 or 1900. I cannot find him in the 1901 census.
Margaret and Dennis were born in Ireland and James and John were born in Ontario so they must have emigrated to Toronto about 1850. Dennis was the owner of a property on the north end of Bishop's Street in St. Patrick's Ward in 1853 according to the city tax assessment records. The 1861 census indicates that they were all living in a frame house. In the 1871 census Dennis' occupation is listed as pensioner. Their son Dennis' occupation is listed as a fireman and James and John are listed as varnishers. The burial register for St. Michael's Cemetery indicates that on June 9, 1874 Mrs. Lenihan, aged 60 years, b. Ireland died at 58 Muter Street. This must be Catherine wife of Dennis Lenehan. In the 1881 census John is living with his widowed father. John's occupation is listed as labourer. In the 1881 Toronto city directory Dennis is living at 27 1/2 Arthur Street. There is a death registration for a Dennis Lenehan in Toronto who died at the age of 93 on October 29, 1887. The record indicates that he was born in Ireland and was a "soldier". I tried to find an obituary in the Toronto Globe but was not successful.
2. James Joseph LENEHAN (1851- April 12, 1922)
m. Mary Ann CAROLAN (c1852 - July 23,1886) – on November 22, 1877 at St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, Toronto.
Mary Ann was the daughter of John CAROLAN and Jane ROSSITER. Jane Rossiter was born in Newfoundland and Mary Ann may also have been born there. I am still trying to determine when the Carolans came to Toronto as the birth place information in the census records does not make sense. The Lenehans and Carolans lived near each other on Muter Street (present day Palmerston Avenue) as early as 1874 according to the Toronto City directory. The Lenehans were at #58 and the Carolans were at #78. That must have been how the two families met though they would have worshipped at St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church nearby on Bathurst Street. Mary Ann died on July 23, 1886 when she was just 27 years and 9 months of age, and was buried in St. Michael’s Cemetery. James never remaried. In the 1881 census James is listed as a Cabinet Maker living in St. Stephen's Ward in Toronto. According to the Toronto City Directory he was living at 220 Bathurst Street. His occupation is listed as a varnisher. In the 1891 census he is listed as widowed with children Kate (Catherine), Joseph and Jennie. His occupation is listed as piano polisher. There is also a domestic Winnifred WELSH. In the 1900 Toronto city directory James is living at 66 Robinson with his daughter Catherine. James' occupation is listed as polisher with Mason and Risch, piano makers (established in Toronto in 1871). In the 1901 census James' occupation is still listed as piano polisher with an annual salary of $600. His daughters Kathleen (Catherine) and Jennie are listed as living with him. Jennie's occupation is listed as furrier with an annual salary of $250. In the 1909 city directory James and his daughter Jane (Jennie?) are living at 139 Bathurst Street. James' occupation is listed as varnisher at Mason and Risch piano makers and Jane's occupation is listed as a finisher with the T. Eaton Company.


Traveling allows us to explore new places, meet new people, and experience different cultures. For those seeking a deeper understanding and connection with the local culture, a cultural immersion experience is the way to go. It offers a unique opportunity to engage with the traditions, customs, and way of life of a particular community. If you are eager to embark on a journey of cultural immersion, here are some destinations worth considering.
India: The Land of Diversity
India is a country known for its rich cultural heritage and diversity. From the bustling streets of Delhi to the serene backwaters of Kerala, every region in India has its own unique traditions and customs. For a truly immersive experience, consider staying in a traditional homestay in a rural village. You will have the chance to participate in daily activities, learn about local traditions, and taste authentic regional cuisine. The colorful festivals, such as Diwali and Holi, are also a great opportunity to witness the vibrancy of Indian culture.
Japan: Ancient Traditions and Modern Innovations
Japan is a country where ancient traditions seamlessly blend with modern innovations. From the traditional tea ceremonies in Kyoto to the bustling streets of Tokyo, Japan offers a wide range of cultural experiences. Take a stroll through the historic streets of Kyoto, visit a traditional ryokan, and try your hand at calligraphy or pottery. For a unique cultural immersion, consider attending a traditional Kabuki theater performance or witnessing a sumo wrestling match. Japan’s attention to detail and reverence for tradition will leave you with a profound appreciation for its culture.
Morocco: A Tapestry of Cultures
Morocco is a country that embodies the crossroads of cultures. With influences from Arab, Berber, and European traditions, it is a vibrant melting pot of diversity. Explore the maze-like streets of Marrakech, visit the ancient ruins of Volubilis, and spend a night in a traditional riad. Immerse yourself in the sights, sounds, and smells of the bustling souks, and try your bargaining skills. Don’t forget to savor the flavors of Moroccan cuisine, such as tagine and couscous. Morocco’s colorful landscapes and warm hospitality will make for an unforgettable cultural experience.
Peru: Ancient Ruins and Indigenous Traditions
Peru is a country steeped in history and indigenous traditions. The ancient ruins of Machu Picchu are a testament to the Inca civilization’s ingenuity and architectural prowess. Take a trek through the Sacred Valley, visit local communities, and learn about traditional weaving techniques. Participate in a shamanic ceremony and experience the spiritual connection to Mother Earth. The vibrant festivals, such as Inti Raymi and Qoyllur Rit’i, provide a glimpse into the country’s rich cultural heritage. Peru’s mystical landscapes and ancient traditions will leave a lasting impression on any cultural enthusiast.
Egypt: Unraveling Ancient Mysteries
Egypt is a land of ancient wonders and mysteries. From the majestic pyramids of Giza to the temples of Luxor, Egypt’s archaeological sites are a testament to its glorious past. Take a Nile cruise and visit the Valley of the Kings, where pharaohs were laid to rest. Explore the bustling streets of Cairo, visit the Khan El Khalili market, and indulge in traditional Egyptian cuisine. Immerse yourself in the stories and legends that have shaped Egypt’s cultural identity. Egypt’s fascinating history and awe-inspiring monuments make it a perfect destination for cultural exploration.
In conclusion, if you are seeking a cultural immersion experience, these destinations offer a wealth of opportunities to engage with local traditions, customs, and way of life. Whether it’s India’s diverse heritage, Japan’s blend of ancient and modern, Morocco’s crossroads of cultures, Peru’s ancient ruins and indigenous traditions, or Egypt’s ancient wonders, each destination will leave you with a deeper understanding and appreciation of the local culture. So pack your bags, embark on a journey, and immerse yourself in the beauty of different cultures around the world.