Although few people had ever seen the prisoner, the public had already begun to speculate on the man’s identity. Alexandre Dumas used this theory in his book The Vicomte de Bragelonne, but made the prisoner an identical twin of Louis XIV. And if he didn’t know, why keep him alive or even imprison him at all? Eustache de Cavoye Selon Maurice Duvivier, Dauger serait Eustache de Cavoye, incarcéré pour avoir été le chirurgien Auger, l'un des acteurs de l'affaire des poisons. In 1685, two years before the move to Sainte-Marguerite, Charles II died and was succeeded by his Roman Catholic brother, James, and in 1688 the year after the move to Sainte-Marguerite, James was driven out of England and replaced by the Protestant couple William and Mary. The scandal engulfed many people, among them was the mistress of King Louis XVI who was reported to take part in the sacrifices. The prison’s second-in-command, de Rosarges, was to feed him. Eustache Dauger de Cavoye was a wealthy man born to a good family and his mother had worked for the queen of France. For instance, Voltaire mentions him in his work, Le siècle de Louis XIV. Eustache Dauger: The Man in the Iron Mask. There is, however, a twist. Nabo the Moor was real enough, and the crime he committed was certainly of sufficient gravity to merit the fate of the Iron Mask. Theories about his identity made at the time included that he was a Marshal of France; or the English Henry Cromwell, son of Oliver Cromwell; or François, Duke of Beaufort. The King himself endowed the girl with 20,000 crowns and she took the name of Sister Louis-Marie-Thérèse. This could explain the secrecy surrounding the prisoner and the reason for his luxurious treatment. The prisoner was also to be told that if he spoke of anything other than his immediate needs, he would be killed, but, as stated by Louvois, the prisoner should not require much since he was “only a valet”. To support our blog and writers we put affiliate links and advertising on our page. The absence of a prime minister under Louis XIV caused fierce rivalry amongst his ministers, chief of whom were Colbert, the Controller of Finance, and Le Tellier, the Minister of War. Records indicate that he was born on 30 August 1637, the son of François Dauger, a captain in Cardinal Richelieu's guards. For Louvois it is a great relief to know that the agent of his crime is safely locked up and silenced for ever. In 1664, moreover, the Queen was well aware of her husband’s affair with Madame de La Vallière. The problem with the de Cavoye theory is that he was being held in Saint-Lazare when the man in the iron mask was in Pignerol. Other sources, however, claim that Bulonde's arrest was no secret and was actually published in a newspaper at the time and that he was released after just a few months. Apparently he had kept the secret to himself, because Saint-Mars trusted him enough to go on keeping him informed. All his furniture and clothing were reportedly destroyed afterwards, the walls of his cell scraped and whitewashed, and everything made of metal that the man had possessed was melted down”. 1992: "The Iron Mask" - A CD by gothic rock band Christian Death. According to La Fare, he was ‘savage and bloody’, a man ‘whose sole aim was to be master’ and who was capable of destroying everything around him by his extreme ‘ferocity, pride and rashness’. Over time, however, the story became legend, and the legend faded into myth, retold dozens of times in children’s books, novels, and movies throughout the world. It is possible that the Man in the Iron Mask was just an ordinary citizen named Eustache Dauger, who angered the king, but not enough to have him killed. Louvois does not reply to Lauzun directly. Who his master had been was evidently an important part of the secret, and leads one to suppose that if that had been revealed, the crime itself would have been exposed. If Danger had fallen into the hands of La Reynie and had been made to talk, Louvois would certainly have been incriminated. Read more. In 1668, for instance, when he wanted to make Sidonia de Courcelles his mistress, he had her husband and Louis de Cavoye, who was her lover, held in prison on a charge for which they had been acquitted. According to records, Eustache Dauger really did serve as valet to another guest of the prison, Nicolas Fouquet, Marquis of Belle-Île, a former superintendent of finances who had been jailed by Louis XIV on the charge of embezzlement. His full name was Eustache Dauger de Cavoye. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Also, there does not seem to be any reason as to why they would want to have kept his identity secret. ], among other things, that a black mass was enacted, and that a pig was baptized as "carp" in order to allow them to eat pork on Good Friday. On November 19, 1703, a tomb in the Bastille’s Saint Paul Cemetery welcomed the corpse of a man who had spent almost the last four decades of his life in various prisons of France. Since when she died in 1683 her black daughter was nineteen years of age and no doubt already convinced that she was the daugher of the Queen, it is also logical to suppose that the King thought it wise to continue the imprisonment and the secrecy. No doubt he would have discovered eventually that she was pregnant and later that a child had been born in secret. Afraid that if the boy were allowed to remain he would meet the Queen again, the minister had him arrested and taken off to Pignerol. The story by Alexander Dumas is fantastic, And strange as it may aeemvif I remember rightly the mask was velvet. At least we know he was one of two persons – either Ercole Mattioli, a traitorous Italian diplomat, or Eustache Dauger (or the spelling may be d’Auger/d’Anger – depending on how you read the Louvois written material). According to this theory, the "miraculous" birth of Louis XIV in 1638 would have come after Louis XIII had been estranged from his wife for 14 years. At that time poisoning was thought to be rare in France, the work of foreigners, especially Italians. At the Siege of Cuneo in 1691, Bulonde was concerned about enemy troops arriving from Austria and ordered a hasty withdrawal, leaving behind his munitions and wounded men. For that matter, if he had a big secret, why was he allowed to come in contact regularly with Fouquet who he might have slipped the secret too and who, in turn, might have revealed it to others via letters? His service in the military has been well documented but little is known about him afterwards. Since La Rivière was often ill, Saint-Mars applied for permission for Dauger to act as servant for Fouquet. Guided Tour of the Eiffel Tower + Summit access, Arc de Triomphe: Skip The Line + Rooftop Access, Beautiful Paris by night: Discover Paris’ most iconic view at night, Things to do in Paris on Christmas Day (2019). It is well-known that a man named Eustache Dauger de Cavoye, the son of a captain in Cardinal Richelieu’s guards, was born in 1637. Then, unexpectedly, the wind turned. In his letters to Louvois, Saint-Mars describes Dauger as a quiet man, giving no trouble, "disposed to the will of God and to the king", compared to his other prisoners who were either always complaining, constantly trying to escape, or simply mad.. I was absolutely spellbound from the first chapters of each book until the last. After three years Bazeries managed to read some messages in the Great Cipher of Louis XIV. ( Public Domain ). Someone of the royal blood imprisoned for life on dubious charges? Gage A. asks: Was the man in the iron mask a real person? Writer and philosopher Voltaire claimed (in the second edition of his Questions sur l'Encyclopédie, published in 1771) that the prisoner wore an iron mask and was the older, illegitimate brother of Louis XIV. The have timeless fascination, carrying me from my current reality on the wings of words when I was 10 yrs old and just as well when I was 40 yrs old. If you go see a movie in Paris, odds are that he will be there. There were no visitors and the child’s death was announced on 26 December.  Dumas also presented a review of the ideas about the prisoner extant in his time (circa 1840) in the chapter "L'homme au masque de fer" of the sixth volume of his Crimes Célèbres.. Vardes composed the letter and Guiche translated it into Spanish. Towards the end of 1665, when Madame de La Vallière became pregnant, the King was alarmed about the possibility of La Rivière changing the colour of her baby’s skin so he rid himself of the man by packing him off to Pignerol with the son of his godmother. Louvois, who with or without his knowledge has followed his movements closely, has him arrested and bundled off to prison the moment he lands in Dunkirk. Supposedly the father then left for the Americas but in the 1660s returned to France with the aim of extorting money for keeping his secret and was promptly imprisoned. After his master's execution in 1669 the valet was taken to France, possibly by capture or subterfuge, and imprisoned because he might have known too much about his master's affairs. Why was Fouquet granted such access? His full name was Eustache Dauger de Cavoye.. Dauger was also to be told that if he, Dauger, spoke of anything other than his immediate needs he would be killed, but, according to Louvois, the prisoner should not require much since he was "only a valet". Aide et soutien aux familles dont un enfant a disparu (enlèvement ou fugue). Check Amazon’s best-seller list for the most popular travel accessories. Perfectly fine (often given servants and many of the perks of nobility while there). Since Fouquet was imprisoned more than seven years before the attempt on Colbert’s life, he is not likely to know anything about a valet who was under suspicion and, since he was imprisoned by Colbert, he is not likely to feel much concern for Colbert if Danger tells him about it. If Eustache Dauger was not Eustache Dauger de Cavoye, then who was he? He was forbidden to speak about his past, not because it contained some terrible secret, but precisely because it contained nothing of any consequence; such a disclosure would have raised suspicions about the motives of those responsible for the pretence. Madame de Maintenon visited her regularly thereafter, taking various members of the royal family along with her, and everyone at the convent, including her superiors, treated her with the greatest respect. Neither Barbezieux before the move to the Bastille, nor Pontchartrain after it, ever showed the kind of obsessive concern that Louvois had always shown. In The Man of the Mask (1908), Arthur Barnes presents James de la Cloche, the alleged illegitimate son of the reluctant Protestant Charles II of England, who would have been his father's secret intermediary with the Catholic court of France. Anonymous print (etching and mezzotint, hand-colored) from 1789. Furthermore, the king was old, weak, ill, and not expected to live much longer, and may have been impotent, which implies that Louis XIII was not the father. Eight months after his arrival, everyone is so curious to know who he is that Saint-Mars has taken to inventing preposterous stories about him. According to the genealogy of the French Kings, there were many twins born in the family, sparking even more speculation into the twin theory. Presumably the crime was known, and the perpetrator thought to be a valet in the service of someone in particular. She was the last of the Desgranges family, descended from the father-in-law of the youngest son of Saint-Mars, who apparently on his own death-bed had, for some mysterious reason, confided the secret of his mysterious prisoner to the in-laws of his dead son. He is rude to everyone who speaks to him.’. The same change of attitude can be found in all matters relating to the prisoner’s day-to-day life. Saint-Mars must have been surprised to receive a black prisoner since, so Dijol claims, he already had a black man locked up in his prison. Your email address will not be published. L’Homme au Masque de Fer ( The Man in the Iron Mask ) is the name given to a prisoner arrested in c. 1669, and condemned to the cruel fate of having his head clamped within an iron mask, or so the story goes. Dumas, Alexandre, Celebrated Crimes, volume 6, p. 2008, George Agar Ellis, The true history of the State Prisoner commonly called the Iron Mask, here identified with Count E. A. Mattioli, extracted from documents in the French archives (London, J. Murray, 1826), https://archive.org/details/crimesclbres02dumagoog, https://archive.org/details/celebratedcrimes06duma, The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later, The Secret of Queen Anne or Musketeers Thirty Years After, The Return of the Musketeers, or The Treasures of Cardinal Mazarin, Mickey, Donald, Goofy: The Three Musketeers, Touché: The Adventures of the Fifth Musketeer, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Man_in_the_Iron_Mask&oldid=177404, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, 2014: "The Musketeers" (BBC 2014 adaptation) – series 1, episode 6, 1983: "The man in the iron mask" - A track on. It has been said that The Man in the Iron Mask was the son of Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin, and therefore an illegitimate half-brother of King Louis XIV , an idea transformed into a book by Alexandre Dumas called “The Vicomte de Bragelonne.”. What they discuss is not known and no one can possibly imagine. Such an identification of Eustache Danger would also explain why in the course of his stay at Exiles and even more noticeably on Sainte-Marguerite Island he lost importance in the eyes of the authorities in Paris. Quand a-t-on commencé à parler du Masque de fer comme étant directement lié à Louis XIV et dans quel but? When Jung wrote about ‘Eustache Dauger, Danger or d’Augers’, he stated flatly that after all his researches he was sure that ‘there exists no trace of this person anywhere.’ Then he went on to give what little he had turned up that might be relevant, including a story he claimed to have had from the historian Pierre Clement that there was ‘a valet of Colbert who ran away, totally disappeared, and who was accused of having wished to poison his master in 1669.’ In fact Clement’s reference, which was given in a book entitled La Police sous Louis XIV, derives from a note made in 1679 by La Reynie about a possible conspiracy to poison Colbert in 1676. Eustache Dauger de Cavoye was the brother of Louis Oger de Cavoye, who was King Louis XIV's Chief Marshall of Lodgings in 1677. Mistress of the king who dabbled in satanic mass with Eustache Dauger – Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons. Something unpleasant is sure to happen to one or the other. He drove up to Saint-Germain in a hearse with stag’s horns on the roof instead of plumes and denounced the King as an adulterer. When François and his two eldest sons were killed in battle, Eustache became the nominal head of the family. Change ). His tactics were only too successful at first. There is some evidence to support this theory. The point of Dijol’s story is that the Moor was the father of the Queen’s black daughter, something which fortunately for his argument can be accepted without his story. Other stories say that the prisoner was indeed the king’s brother, but not his twin. The French public had been made aware of the anonymous prisoner thanks to a series of short, handwritten notes published in a local Gazette. There is no record as to what happened to Dauger, but in 1665, near the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, he allegedly killed a young page boy in a drunken brawl involving the Duc de Foix. Historians have noted that the name Eustache Dauger was written in a handwriting different from the rest of the text, suggesting that a clerk wrote the letter under Louvois' dictation, while a third party, very likely the minister himself, added the name afterwards. His full name was Eustache Dauger de Cavoye. The letter was written by Lieutenant Étienne du Junca, explaining that a little after 10 O’clock the prisoner, still wearing his black velvet mask, was found dead in his cell and was promptly buried in the cemeterySaint-Paul. ( Log Out / The difference in treatment of the prisoner before and after Sainte-Marguerite is particularly noticeable in the way he was transported from one prison to another. De Bulonde was accused of cowardice during the siege of Cuneo in 1691. One of the letters written by Louvois made specific reference to de Bulonde’s crime. Mazarin may have been related to the mystery. On 16 November 1664, Queen Maria-Teresa, the wife of Louis XIV, gave birth to a black daughter. His true identity has been widely debated among professionals. Other popular suspects have included men known to have been held at Pignerol at the same time as Dauger. Nicolas Fouquet was a French Superintendent of Finance who had been tried for corruption, leading to his banishment. The possible identity of this man has been thoroughly discussed and has been the subject of many books, as no one ever saw his face because it was hidden by a mask of black velvet cloth. Eli is a Parisian musician and writer. So in the end, while we know quite a bit about the “man in the iron mask,” whether he was actually guilty of a legitimate crime, who he really was, or even whether he truly was forced to wear an iron mask all the time may never be known. ( Public Domain ). Evidence has been produced to suggest that the arrest was actually made in Calais and that not even the local governor was informed of the event – Vauroy's absence being explained away by his hunting for Spanish soldiers who had strayed into France via the Spanish Netherlands.. The child was said to be a month premature and so the usual witnesses were not present. , Since that time, letters purportedly sent by Saint-Mars, which earlier historians missed, indicate that Mattioli was only held at Pignerol and Sainte-Marguerite and was not at Exiles or the Bastille and, therefore, it is argued that he can be discounted. It is an important point that the man in the mask served as a valet. There are some historians who reject this thesis by invoking the circumstances of the birth. However, the book introduced a substantial change: he made the prisoner an identical twin of Louis XIV. More on this in the Bonus Facts below.). Historians were eventually able to obtain these letters that detailed the way in which the prisoner was to be treated. From here we have numerous references of the man, some more credible than others. Listen to the audio pronunciation of Eustache Dauger de Cavoye on pronouncekiwi. Eustache was restricted in the amount of money to which he had access, having built up considerable debts, and left with barely enough for "food and upkeep." The earliest record of the masked prisoner dates to 1669 AD and was a letter sent from the Marquis de Louvois, King Louis XIV’s minister, to Bénigne Dauvergne de Saint-Mars, governor of the Pignerol prison in Pinerolo, Piedmont, then part of France. The Man in the Iron Mask by Michel Moniquet, 1948. It is generally agreed, however, that Matthioli died in the Îles Sainte-Marguerite in April 1694 and that the prisoner in the mask was indeed Eustache Dauger. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. If Eustache Dauger was not Eustache Dauger de Cavoye, then who was he? She had known about it as early as November 1662 when she is reported to have pointed out her husband’s mistress wearing diamond earrings in a crowd of court ladies. Danger adds the poison to Colbert’s medicine on 27 December 1668, but the dose is not strong enough and Colbert survives. Subjected to becoming a servant by fellow royalty? In any event, as mentioned, the order for Dauger’s imprisonment was given by the Marquis de Louvois, Louis XIV’s Secretary of State for War. It has been speculated that it is because Fouquet was expected to spend the rest of his life in prison, though of course this wouldn’t preclude him writing letters or meeting with others, making the whole lifting of the supposed restrictions even more curious. For other uses, see, "Iron Mask" redirects here. Your email address will not be published. If you liked this article, you might also enjoy our new popular podcast, The BrainFood Show (iTunes, Spotify, Google Play Music, Feed), as well as: There was a real man in the iron mask. His troops were little better than brigands and, riding at their head with a shapely peasant-girl wearing breeches and a sword beside him, he terrorized French and Spanish alike, bullying and brawling, drinking and looting. The Frenchman’s novels were often inspired by real people’s stories which he then created fictional stories around. The mystery has baffled historians since the 17th century. Some were presented after the existence of the letters was widely known. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. But, as soon as the agreement was signed, Mattioli nullified its effect by betraying the secret to several foreign courts. As with the other theories, there is little in the way of actual evidence to back it, but at the least it would explain why the prisoner would be so fond of the king despite that same king having had him imprisoned for life.
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Royal Park has a very long history and is of state significance. In 1845 Governor Latrobe set aside the land and surrounding area for parkland and open space. In 1860 explorers Bourke and Wills started their famous expedition from Royal Park. Royal Park has recently been nominated for further heritage protection by Heritage Victoria.
For more information on the heritage significance of Royal Park see the City of Melbourne Report by by Christina Dyson
The Better Design alternative protects Royal Park from the destructive cut and cover techniques proposed by the Linking Melbourne Authority.
The Better Design alternative will also have benefits to preserving and using the heritage in the Arden Macaulay industrial precinct.


Barbara: Hi, I’m Barbara Culp.
Jason: Can you tell me one of your earliest memories?
B: Two of my earliest memories… I moved here in ’67. I moved on King Avenue in ’73. So, it, you know, all the houses were still up. People lived in these houses. Now that we found the park, it’s occupying the garden, but before it, it was all houses. People lived there. From king to McClellan it was a thriving City- Urban city. Now as for businesses, we definitely need help with businesses. Because I live in that business corridor and there’s a lot that can be done.


The Coptic Orthodox Church is one of the oldest churches in the world. It was founded by St Mark the Apostle in the first century. The Coptic Church is rich in its deep history and traditions, yet continues to flourish in today’s modern society.
The Word “Copt”
The word ‘Copt’ is derived from the Pharaonic word ‘gypt’ and the subsequent Greek word ‘Aigyptus’ meaning ‘Egypt’. Copts are the Christian people of Egypt and the direct descendants of the ancient Egyptians.
Egypt has the unique honour of being the country chosen by Christ as a place of refuge. St Mary, St Joseph and baby Jesus fled to Egypt to escape from the dangers of King Herod, as instructed by the angel. The Holy Family’s visit was a fulfilment of the prophecy of Hosea : “Out of Egypt I called My son.” (Isaiah 11:1)
Isaiah also prophesised about Egypt being a blessed country : “In that day there will be an altar to the LORD in the midst of the land of Egypt.” (Isaiah 19:19)
St Mark the Apostle
St Mark is the patron saint of Egypt and the founder of the Coptic Orthodox Church. He is one of Christ’s apostles, which is why one of his titles is the “Beholder of God”. He is an evangelist and the author of the Gospel of St Mark. Another notable achievement of his was establishing a theological school in Alexandria which was a cornerstone of Christian teaching for centuries. St Mark is also the author of the liturgy of St Cyril which is one of the three liturgies prayed in the Coptic church. St Cyril adapted this liturgy, hence it was renamed after him.
After preaching Christianity in Egypt, St Mark was martyred in the city of Alexandria in 68 AD. He is considered the first pope of the Coptic church. For this reason, the Coptic popes are the successors of St Mark, holding the title of “Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St Mark.” The current Pope of the Coptic church is Pope Tawadros the Second. He was enthroned on the 18th of November 2012 and is the 118th Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
The Coptic Calendar
The Coptic calendar is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church. It is derived from the Ancient Egyptian calendar and is believed to be the oldest calendar in the world, dating back to three millennia before Christ.
The Coptic calendar is not only used by the Coptic church but also by Egyptian farmers to distinguish the agricultural seasons. The Coptic calendar has 13 months, 12 are 30 days each. The 13th month’s duration varies, being 5 days in a non leap year and 6 days in a leap year. Coptic New Year correlates with the 11th of September. It is known as the “Feast of Nayrouz”.
The Church calendar celebrates feasts daily. There are several Feast categories: - Feasts of the Lord (7 major and 7 minor feasts)
-Feasts of the Cross
-Saints Feasts: marks the feasts of departure/martyrdom of saints, the establishment of their churches and the relocation of their relics
A Sacramental Church
The Coptic Church has seven sacraments. Sacraments are the receiving of an invisible grace through a visible means. The seven sacraments are: Baptism, Chrismation, Repentance and Confession, The Eucharist (Holy Communion), Unction of the Sick, Marriage and Priesthood.
The sacraments were established by Christ Himself and are mentioned in the Scriptures. For example, regarding the Eucharist, Christ said: “He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him” (John 6:56).
Regarding confession, Christ said to His disciples: “ If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained” (John 20:23).
The sacraments were handed over from the apostles to the church fathers across generations and are performed by the priests today.
The Coptic Church & Monasticism
There are numerous Coptic monasteries and convents, mostly in Egypt, but recently, internationally as well. The Coptic Church is a pillar of monasticism as St Anthony the Great (the world’s first monk) was Egyptian.
The Coptic Church All Over The World
Although the Coptic Church’s history and traditions will forever remain strongly linked to Egypt, due to the immigration of Egyptians, over the past 50 years or so, Coptic churches have been established worldwide. There are now Coptic churches in almost every country in the world.
To provide pastoral care for the widespread church, areas are grouped into dioceses, headed by a bishop. St Stephen’s Coptic Church in Belfast is part of the diocese of Ireland, Scotland, North East England and its Affiliated Regions, under the care of His Grace Bishop Antony.
The Coptic Church & Martyrdom
The Coptic Church is also known as the “Church of the Martyrs”. The church fathers called the blood of the martyrs the seeds of the church. Killers of the Copts expected to diminish the Coptic faith. However, the opposite is true. The Coptic church has survived and flourished, despite many eras of severe persecution. This is a fulfilment of Christ’s promise to the church : “And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it” (Matthew 16:18).
The Roman Emperor Diocletian is notorious for his killing of Copts. During his reign, more than 800,000 Coptic men, women and children were martyred. For this reason, the Coptic church restarted its calendar in 284 AD, the year of Diocletian’s enthronement. The Coptic Calendar is known as “Ano Martyrum”, meaning the “Year of the Martyrs”.
The Coptic Church highly respects its saints and martyrs, believing in their powerful intercessions. Churches are named after them and the Syanaxrium is a book containing their stories. The Synaxarium is read during every Liturgy (except in the Holy 50 days) to commemorate their life and feast of the saint of the day.
Coptic Christians remain under persecution until today, including martyrdom. A recent example that captured the world’s attention was the martyrdom of the 21 Copts in Libya in 2015:
Milad Makeen Zaky
Abanub Ayad Atiya
Maged Solaiman Shehata
Yusuf Shukry Yunan
Kirollos Shokry Fawzy
Bishoy Astafanus Kamel
Somaily Astafanus Kamel
Malak Ibrahim Sinweet
Tawadros Yusuf Tawadros
Girgis Milad Sinweet
Mina Fayez Aziz
Hany Abdelmesih Salib
Bishoy Adel Khalaf
Samuel Alham Wilson
Worker from Awr village
Ezat Bishri Naseef
Gaber Munir Adly
Esam Badir Samir
Malak Farag Abram
Sameh Salah Faruq


- The Hundred-Year-Old Trousseau
In 2001, members of the Lake Ainslie Weavers and Craft Guild opened an exhibit of The Hundred-Year-Old Trousseau at the Mary Black Gallery in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The trousseau was created for a fictitious young woman, Rachel Campbell, who was raised on a farm in East Lake Ainslie, Cape Breton. Viewers were asked to imagine being at the 1901 home of Mr. & Mrs. William Campbell, where Rachel and friends were gathered to admire her hope chest and trousseau. Over ninety items that would have been found in a bridal box were brought together to create this collection, including clothing, bedding and housewares. The most ambitious piece was the wedding dress. Guild members wove yardage of spun and reeled silk and then sewed a simple and elegant narrow waisted gown in the popular S-silhouette of the time.
A tremendous number of people contributed to the contents of the collection with pieces from all over Inverness County as well as from the United States and other Provinces of Canada. Changes in fashion have made it easy to decide not to spend time on handwork; our aim was to show that the skills of Rachel’s Cape Breton are still being practised today. The reason we know anything about the skills of our ancestors is community. Almost unanimously our contributing artists were introduced by a relation or friend to knitting, weaving, quilting or making lace. This community of people coming together to create and share and learn continues at the Scotsville School of Crafts.
Click here to see photos in our Photo Gallery


Henry Ford and Andrew Carnegie Leadership Styles
Henry Ford has been identified as an exemplary charismatic leader and Andrew Carnegie has been identified as an exemplary pragmatic leader
There is no such thing called an ideal leader as all leaders from the past and present has shown some uniqueness in their leadership styles. A life story of a leader determines his/her values, which is reflected in his/her leadership practices and every life story is different from each other so are the leadership styles of leaders. In this article, I have compared and contrasted leadership styles of two historical leaders of modern industry age, Henry Ford and Andrew Carnegie derived from their life story.
Past Reflects Present
Both Ford and Carnegie had a decent family background and were born in the nineteenth century. Ford was born in 1863 A.D. in the middle-class family of the farmer. Carnegie was born in 1835 A.D. as a son of handloom weaver. Both had very little formal education, had left their home and started working at a very early age. Henry went to a one-room school for eight years; realizing his passion for machines he left his father home at age sixteen and started working as a machinist at a shipbuilding company in Detroit. Andrew had very little education, he moved to the United States of America at age twelve and started with entry-level jobs such as a telegraph operator, bobbin boy and a messenger.
Both achieved quick promotion in their workplace for their dedication and hard work. Ford started working as an engineer for Detroit based Edison Company in 1890 and soon got promoted to chief engineer because of his good performance. In 1853, Carnegie started his job as assistant and telegrapher at Pennsylvania Railroad and within three years he was promoted to superintendent because of his quick learning ability.Both had taken bold movement when they felt it’s the right time to do something on their own. Ford was more into the invention and Carnegie was more into making new investments. In 1896, while working as chief engineer in Edison Motor company, he builds his first model car called Ford Quadricycle; in 1903, backed up with seed capital he established Ford Motors. Carnegie began making investments while he was working in the Pennsylvania Railroad; realizing good return over investment, he left his job in 1865 and focused on doing his own business.
Family history of both leaders was not from the United States of America, (USA) but build their empire in the USA. Although born in the USA his Father was from England (Biography.com, 2019); he was American Industrialist and the founder of Ford Motor (the henry ford, 2019). Carnegie, though born in Scotland he was America’s Steel tycoon and founder of the Carnegie Steel Corporation, which was the largest steel industry of nineteenth-century in America. Both were also known for their philanthropic activities. Ford provided funding for peace ship to Europe, established the Ford foundation which granted money for research & development in the education sector; and provided profit sharing to his employees which were not in practice at that time. From as early at age of 33, Carnegie started doing philanthropic activities by building libraries, established Carnegie Institute of Technology and donated for international peace movement.
Using the principles of Dale Carnegie, Henry Ford has been identified as an exemplary charismatic leader and Andrew Carnegie has been identified as an exemplary pragmatic leader.
Henry Ford as Charismatic Leader
Henry ford was true to himself (authentic). For example, when Model T was ready, Ford tested it through all tough situation that a car can be tested and tear the car apart; Model T had remained the same in terms of design & quality and was best-selling car worldwide for the next fifteen years. Ford had tried to see the problems from another viewpoint (perspective-taking and listening). For example, Ford was focused on building an affordable, durable and stylish car so that even medium-class could afford the luxury of their own car; his Model T car had uplifted the living standard of people, farmers were also able to travel to the city area with ease. Despite his business at Ford Motors, he had spent quality time with his family (achieving balance). He had been to various trips around the globe with his family, had parties together with his family and friends such as Thomas Edison, and he used to listen to his wife reading the newspaper every night before sleep. Along with the launch of Model T, he was enthusiastic to spend all of the time, effort, and focus of his stakeholders and employees completely on mass production that had eventually lowered down the cost of production, increased sales and brought fortune to the company. Ford was enthusiastic and had clearly communicated his message to his stakeholders. Thus, from above argument Henry Ford can be considered as charismatic leader.
Andrew Carnegie as Pragmatic Leader
Andrew Carnegie had articulated the strong mission for his organization with his entire team with the idea of teaming up for tomorrow, which shows his characteristics as team-player and goal setting leader. For example, he was able to establish America’s largest steel plant via motivation and teamwork with his partners within a decade of its establishment. He had properly balanced his personal life and work (achieving balance). Carnegie often used to go to Europe with his family to enjoy his personal and family life. Carnegie was concerned with the solution of the problem and motivated his team to make them confident. For example, as mentioned in his autobiography, he has relentlessly motivated his brother Tom in his bad timings to pursue his dream, he was a very inspiring motivational speaker for his employees, had magnetic personality among his teammates and investors. Carnegie was very focused toward his goal and was characterized for maintaining discipline for his organization growth. For example, once his very close friend Thomas Miller was in a problematic situation with a local iron firm, but he did not take any action because this would have affected his organization overall goal. Thus, from the above argument Andrew Carnegie can be considered as a pragmatic leader.


The 1948 Palestinian exodus, also known as the Nakba (Arabic: النكبة, al-Nakbah, literally "disaster", "catastrophe", or "cataclysm"), occurred when more than 700,000 Palestinian Arabs — about half of prewar Palestine's Arab population — fled or were expelled from their homes, during the 1948 Palestine war. Between 400 and 600 Palestinian villages were sacked during the war, while urban Palestine was almost entirely extinguished. The term nakba also refers to the period of war itself and events affecting Palestinians from December 1947 to January 1949.
Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid and Persecution
THE GOVERNMENT OF ISRAEL’S SYSTEM OF OPPRESSION AGAINST PALESTINIANS
News about popular struggle, international solidarity and boycott, divestment and sanctions (BDS) activism
Focus on strengthening the local community in 3 areas: Ecumenical (Christian – Christian), Christian – Muslim, and amongst Israeli Arabs and Jews.
The European Union on Thursday issued a warning against the incoming Israeli government’s intention to annex large swathes of the occupied West Bank, saying that such a move “would constitute a serious violation of international law”.
A Survey of Palestine was the official research prepared by Government of Palestinian (then under British military occupation/Mandate) for the United Nation Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) in 1946.
To fully understand the impact on Palestinians of Israel’s control of their water, it is useful to know the historical context as well as the present-day reality (“the facts on the ground”). We are indebted to the organizations that we list in the Resources Section for providing valuable information and solidarity.
PASSIA's Palestine directory has become the main reference guide for international and domestic professionals working on Palestinian issues,
During the first National SJP Conference in 2011 at Columbia University, students adapted the following points of unity from the 2005 BDS call as guidelines that would tie together their work.
JVP RABBINICAL COUNCIL SUPPORTS STUDENTS FOR JUSTICE IN PALESTINE


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A BRIEF HISTORY OF TRINITY UNITED
Trinity Presbyterian Church began as a new church development of the Stockton Presbytery in 1962 by a group of individuals who were members of the First Presbyterian Church in downtown Modesto. A well-established church founded in the late 19th century by a Presbyterian missionary, First Presbyterian's landmark facility housed a gym, indoor swimming pool, pipe organ and a 750-seat sanctuary.
When Trinity formed, George Telle was called as founding pastor and his fledgling congregation initially met in a rented warehouse at 1005 Carver Road. A bar next door was used for child care and Sunday School. The growing church thrived and the space quickly became too small. It was so overrun with people that the high school Sunday School class met outside with folding chairs in the dirt parking lot. The church moved to its current location in April 1966. The original sanctuary (now classrooms) and Cooper Hall, which houses Trinity Nursery School, comprised the initial buildings.
By the early 1970s, First Presbyterian Church was an aging church with a facility that no longer met earthquake and fire safety regulations. Retrofitting the building was cost-prohibitive and so with heavy hearts, the congregation chose to disband and merge with Trinity Presbyterian. The newly merged congregations re-named Trinity to include this unification and the modern day Trinity United Presbyterian was born on January 1, 1973. The sale of First Presbyterian's facility and land funded the construction of the main office and Covell Hall in 1974.
George Telle continued on as a co-pastor with Wilson Yost, the pastor of First Presbyterian. Rev. Yost stayed on at Trinity until 1979 when he accepted another call and Rev. Telle served TUPC until his retirement. Our newest building on site, the Telle Center, was named for George and his wife, Margaret, who faithfully served our congregation until 1980.
Upon Rev. Telle's retirement, Rev. Steve Hanna was called to serve as the senior pastor. As the church continued to grow, Rev. Dave Kerr and Rev. C. Lee Heim were called as assistant pastors in 1982 and then made associate pastors in 1983. The 1980s saw a quickly growing church crowding into its aging (and leaky) sanctuary and in 1988, the current sanctuary was constructed. The old sanctuary was converted into a chapel and infant center for Trinity Nursery School. The chapel was later converted into classrooms.
In 2008, Rev. Dave Kerr accepted a change of call to become co-pastor with Steve Hanna. The church also began its most recent physical expansion with the construction of the Telle Center and Youth Center. As our church continues to grow and thrive, we are excited by the next phases at TUPC and recall with great fondness the history that brought us to where we are now. This included the pioneering of a new Contemporary-styled worship service in late 2009!
In 2013, Rev. Steve Hanna retired from over thirty years as a pastor at Trinity. Pastor Dave transitioned into the role of Lead Pastor of Trinity simultaneously, continuing our strong tradition of developing fully-devoted followers of Jesus and placing an emphasis on being a transformational community. Also in 2013, the congregation voted to graciously separate from the PC(USA) and be dismissed to the Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians (ECO) denomination. You can read more about ECO here.
In 2017 Rev Kerr announced he would retire in the next year. In 2018 Rev. Dr. William "Tres" Adams III was hired and was co-pastors with Rev Kerr until he retired at the end of 2018.
First Presbyterian Church in downtown Modesto.
Trinity Presbyterian Church first location
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For centuries, technological change had been stagnant. People used the same simple tools that their ancestors once had used. For example, candles were used to light homes, and animals were used to transport goods.
There's no defined date of when the Industrial Revolution actually began. It didn't occur overnight, but rather it gradually grew over several decades. Most historians place the beginnings in the mid-1700s, when changes began. The changes started slowly, but multiplied exponentially as decades passed. Inventors and businessmen in England combined their talents to create new means of production to harness the power of machines. This willing to improve eventually spread to Europe and the United States.
Industrial revolution was a


Tall Ships Erie 2019 Tall Ships Erie 2019 was filled with multiple historical vessels, great food and even the world’s largest rubber duck. This iconic Erie event was perfect for the whole family with a Kids Area, VIP Areas and many other activities. Over the course of the weekend, Ambassador. . .


Ivory Kiserzutsu of Muso-Zutsu type decorated with a poem and and ikebana vase with a twig of cherry blossoms and chrysanthemum. Tobacco pouch in leather, Kanemono in shape of a ‚takarabune‘. Japan.
Period 19th C
Measures Length: 22,7 cm;
Price 880,- € 1.480 € (REDUCED)


Remembrance 9 November
Our reception and year 6 children went to church on Wednesday to work with the ladies from church to create displays in church for Remembrance Sunday.
The whole school went back today and we held two minutes silence at 11am and had a short service with poems and prayers to remember all that had lost their lives in the war. Mr and Mrs Webb then took all the children to a gravestone of a man that served our country in world war one. He was injured and flown back to Wales where unfortunately he lost his life in hospital. The man was then bought by train back to Gedney where a full military funeral was held for him. He was 19 years of age.


483bg.com is a project of the Army Air Corps Library and Museum. Volunteers are transcribing servicemen names and their awards from General Orders that we are publishing on this website for enthusiasts, families and researchers of genealogy and World War II history. The names on this honor roll of men assigned to the 483rd Bombardment Group is not a complete list of all who served with the 483rd, however, we are attempting to locate as many documents that have survived as possible. Sources of material include the US National Archives, Air Force Historical Research Agency and the records donated by individual servicemen and their families. We hope you will find this information useful and enjoyable. We are accepting volunteers help in this very large World War II project as we preserve this history and honor service.
Constituted on 14 September 1943 and activated on 20 September. They moved to Italy during March-April 1944, and was assigned to Fifteenth Air Force. Began flight operations in April 1944 and continued until V-E Day in May 1945. 483rd missions included targets of factories, oil refineries, marshalling yards, airdromes, bridges and troop concentrations. Targets were located in in Italy, France, Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Rumania, Yugoslavia, and Greece. They received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for action on 18 July 1944 when on a mission to the airdrome and installations at Memmingen, the 483rd, without any fighter escort, they engaged numerous enemy aircraft in the target area and also successfully bombed the objective.
Read this history of the 483rd published in 1945 by the men of the 483rd.
**Note: the file to open is large.**
Can you identify people in the photos? please contact us.
Colonel Paul L. Barton, c. 26 September 1943
Archival Combat Film Footage DVD of the 5th Bomb Wing and 483rd BG.
840th (formerly 818th): 1943-1945.
Ephrata AAB, Wash, 20 Sep 1943
MacDill Field, Fla, 7 Nov 1943-2 Mar 1944
Tortorella, Italy, 30 Mar 1944
Sterparone Airfield, Italy, 22 Apr 1944
Pisa, Italy 15 May 1944
Do you have WWII memorabilia that you are not sure what to do with it? The children don't want it? Then let us help you preserve this history by donating these items to the Army Air Corps Library and Museum.
We are accepting donations in the form of uniforms, medals, ribbons, patches, photos, memorabilia, papers, gear and equipment.
We also accept monetary donations to support our operations and long term plans.
This website is part of the Army Air Corps Library and Museum, and as a 501(c)(3) Non-profit, your qualifying donations are tax deductible.
Contact us if you are contemplating a donation of any kind.
Are you an AAC, AAF or USAF Veteran, family member, historian or WW2 enthusiast? We Need YOU! Contact us today to see how you can help the Army Air Corps Library and Museum, a Texas Not-For-Profit Corporation.
We need your help! We are looking for volunteers that can help us with the following tasks.
(1) Typing and Transcriptionists: One of our big projects is extracting data from the thousands of documents we have and putting this data into a database where we can display the information on a website such as this one. (2) Photography and Document Scanning.


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Celebrate historic Downtown Castle Rock's special events!
- 2 hr2 hours
- Perry Street Social District
Come join us to help celebrate some of historic Downtown Castle Rock’s special events! Check back for a more info!
414 Perry St, Castle Rock, CO 80104, USA
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Quality. Innovation. Caring.
Simple but powerful words that come to mind when you mention Hallmark. Creating a brand as powerful as the Hallmark name started with the pursuit of quality more than 100 years ago.
Mark of Quality
In the early days, our greeting cards carried the company name “Hall Brothers” on the back. But the term “hallmark,” used by goldsmiths in the 14th century, fascinated founder J.C. Hall. As he explained, “It not only said quality in an authoritative way, but it also incorporated our family name.” In 1925, “Hallmark” appeared on products for the first time, and by 1928, it was used on the back of every greeting card.
More than a Slogan
“When You Care Enough to Send the Very Best” is more than a slogan for Hallmark, it is a business commitment. When C.E. (Ed) Goodman, a Hallmark sales and marketing executive, jotted down these words on a 3x5 card in 1944, he was trying to capture the essence of why Hallmark stood above the rest. Little did he know that his scribblings would become one of the most recognized and trusted slogans in advertising. As J.C. Hall expressed in his autobiography, When You Care Enough: “The slogan constantly put pressure on us to make Hallmark cards ‘the very best.’”
The Hallmark Hall of Fame
The Hallmark brand rose to an entirely new level when its name became forever connected with the most-honored program in the history of television – Hallmark Hall of Fame. Born more than 60 years ago in an era of fully-sponsored television programming, Hallmark Hall of Fame stands the test of time by continuing to explore positive, life-affirming themes that resonate with viewers.
As chairman Donald J. Hall, son of founder J.C. Hall whose vision gave birth to the series, has stated: “The Hallmark Hall of Fame has had an amazing impact on consumers, our employees, retail partners, business leaders, and opinion molders. It continues to work its magic on our image to a degree I cannot fully explain. I am not aware of any such vehicle, in or out of television, available to any other company, with such a positive impact.”


During our day trip to London on Saturday the first thing we did was go and see the Tower of London poppy installation. I know that it has been blogged about by quite a few bloggers already but that isn’t going to stop me from doing my own little post about it as it is quite special!
For those of you who don’t know the poppy installation is called the Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red and marks one hundred years since Britain entered into the First World War. Each poppy represents a fatality during the war and throughout the summer they have been adding more and more poppies to the display.
The poppies are ceramic and are handmade using techniques which were used by potters during the First World War. The poppy installation is certainly spectacular to look at and a very touching tribute to all those who lost their lives during WWI. I am so glad I got to see it first hand and it made me very proud to be British. You can even purchase a poppy for 25 pounds which you will receive once the installation is removed at the end of November and I believe 10 per cent of each purchase will go to service charities.
The installation will be there for all to see until Remembrance Day on the 11th November. You can read more about it here.
So tell me, have you seen the poppy installation? What do you think of it?


The Williams Funeral Home has been established since 1929. It is now in its fourth generation of the Williams Family. Samuel Williams and Early Perry started the funeral home in 1929. The next generation started around 1956 which was James (Jimmy) Benton Williams, Samuel’s son. In 1986, Chris Williams, Jimmy’s son, began the next generation. In July of 2017, Jimmy passed away leaving it in the hands of his family. It is currently owned and operated by Mrs. Patricia Williams*, wife of the late James (Jimmy) Benton Williams, her son, Christopher James Williams, and daughter, Nan Williams Satterfield*. In 2011, Baker James Williams, son of Chris, and in 2013, Caleb Benton Satterfield, son of Nan, became a part of the establishment. Then in 2014, Christopher Haden Williams*, son of Chris, became a part of the establishment. The funeral home then extended its business to Gleason, TN in 2009, Sharon, TN in 2011. Also in 2013, the Weakley County Crematory was established. The main location is still 2209 N. Meridian Street, Greenfield, TN. The four generations are here to serve the public in any way that is helpful to them during their sorrowful time of the death of a loved one.


New Perspectives on Parisian Haute Couture, from 1850 until today
Paris (F) > 24. - 25.03.2017
This international conference intends to pay tribute to the figure of couturier Jacques Doucet by offering a renewed examination of the history of Parisian Haute Couture and its actors, creative processes, materials, channels of distribution, clients, and status, which has greatly evolved since its birth at the end of the 19th century under Charles Frederick Worth. The history of Haute Couture has most commonly been studied from the point of view of its creators, whose signatures and labels, invested with a certain "magical" power, to quote Pierre Bourdieu, have often been used to understand the mechanisms and success of the designers and their creations.
This conference seeks to reassess the history of Haute Couture by taking into consideration its inherent contradictions: the tensions between couture as both commerce and art; couture's relationship with ready-to-wear and mass produced clothing; and contemporary questions relating to industrialization, "fast fashion," and the impact of the digital on the artisanal.
Papers will be presented in French or English.
- Institut National d’Histoire de l’Art, Institut Français de la Mode
- Institut d’Histoire du Temps Présent
- With the collaboration of the Fédération de la couture du prêt-à-porter des couturiers et des créateurs de mode.
- Friday, March 24, 2017 – Institut National de l'Histoire de l'Art (INHA), 6 rue des Petits Champs, 75002 Paris
- Saturday, March 25, 2017 – Institut Français de la Mode (IFM), 36 Quai d'Austerlitz, 75013 Paris


Scotland is known as the birthplace of the sport of golf. “The Royal and Ancient” at St. Andrew’s is where it all began. While it might feel like women have only been part of the sport in recent history, the game’s origins in Scotland centered around a female player who was rather well known– Mary Queen of Scots! It was the queen who commissioned the course after discovering a similar game during a trip to France. The term “caddie” comes from Mary Stuart’s nickname for her on-course assistants who were formally called “cadets.” The athletic queen helped popularize the sport in the mid-1500’s.
Unfortunately, it took almost 400 years for the world to catch up to what Mary Queen of Scots knew from the beginning — that women belonged on the golf course alongside of men. The LPGA was formed in 1952 and women like Babe Didrickson-Zaharias, Nancy Lopez, Karrie Webb, and Annika Sorenstam have been making history ever since.
Want to learn more about women breaking through barriers on and off the course? We would like to recommend this article.


Flats at the Oval
First-of-Its-Kind Development Approach
Flats at the Oval was a truly ground-breaking project for the Fort Collins campus community. It not only turned a completely unutilized site into a thriving student housing project, but it did so in a way that was sensitive to the surrounding neighborhoods and existing design of the area. The entire design of the project took into assessment the overall living needs of the locality to create a design that provided much-needed housing as well as an additional 4,600 square foot retail component on the first floor to serve the growing CSU student population and residents.
Another unique component of this project was the introduction of Greek-life facilities. Brinkman collaborated closely with the SAE Fraternity to maintain their historic tie to the property with a unique frat living concept that had not yet been seen at Colorado State University but that was growing in popularity across the nation. The first floor of the building served as a 3,000 SF meeting space, common room, and full catering kitchen that SAE leases back from the building owners. This has allowed the chapter to offer more affordable fees while still having a traditional common area to convene.
Upon its completion in 2010, of the 74 Green Globes certified building in North America, Flats at the Oval was one of eight buildings in Colorado and the only project in Fort Collins awarded the Two Green Globes certification.


However, his five-year interregnum would prove disastrous, resulting in financial catastrophe for the East India Company. As the Napoleonic Wars drew to a close, the island was handed back to the Dutch. Raffles returned to England in disgrace and attempted to salvage his tarnished reputation, but his redemption came sooner than expected and from an unexpected quarter: his interest in heritage. It would eventually secure him a knighthood from the Prince Regent, election as a Fellow of the Royal Society, and transform him into a celebrity. During his time in Java, Raffles had become fascinated with Javanese history, which had mostly been ignored by the Dutch.
He dispatched assistants across the island to gather objects of interest, and encouraged locals to bring him Javanese antiques. Raffles also assembled a team of experts, tasked with investigating and recording ancient monuments. These three females are carved into the stone next to a representation of a Bodhisattva at Candi Prambanan.
The quality of sculpture caught the eye of Captain George Baker in Today, the magnificent 9th-century Candi Prambanan candi being the Indonesian word for a pre-Islamic temple is situated 10 miles north-east of the city of Yogyakarta.
Duke Of Puddle Dock Travels In the Footsteps Of Stamford Raffles
The largest Hindu complex in Indonesia, Prambanan contains over sacred structures, built in a system of concentric courts, with the principal temples dedicated to Vishnu, Shiva, and Brahma. The complex has the highest concentration of Hindu and Buddhist temples in Java, which has been interpreted as evidence of a peaceful religious coexistence. Prambanan leaves the modern visitor awestruck by the towering and pointed reconstructed architecture, but when Mackenzie first surveyed the site with Captain George Baker in , it was a gigantic mound of rubble.
Archaeological evidence suggests it was severely damaged by a massive earthquake in the early 11th century. Together with Mackenzie and Baker, Cornelius undertook a major investigation of the site in , which left the team puzzled by Buddhist and Hindu temples existing side by side, and their close similarities in style.
Prambanan was documented in The History of Java , along with many other ancient sites.
It was Cornelius who was led by a group of Javanese to a pyramidal structure so immense that it took men over six weeks to clear. Appears unread with NO markings. Pasadena's finest new and used bookstore.
Dust Jacket Condition: very good. In this book Barley enjoyably weaves elements of Raffles' life in Southeast Asia with Barley's own experiences while travelling around Raffles' haunts today. He discovered that now the imperial hero is remembered not so much for his deeds, but for the commercial cachet in his name. Post free within Malaysia The dust jacket has minor curls around the edges. The binding is tight, the text is clear and there is minimal tanning throughout. Seller Inventory ML Hard Cover. Book: Very Good.nectar.beeholiday.com/tratamientos-alternativos-para-su-salud.php
Duke Of Puddle Dock Travels In the Footsteps Of Stamford Raffles by Barley, Nigel
DJ: Good. Seller Rating:. Available From More Booksellers. About the Book.
We're sorry; this specific copy is no longer available. AbeBooks has millions of books. We've listed similar copies below. Stock Image.
In the Footsteps of Stamford Raffles
Published by Viking Used Hardcover Quantity Available: 1. Goldstone Books Llandybie, United Kingdom. Used Hardcover Quantity Available: 3. Always, he wanted to see for himself.
- She Had Some Horses: Poems.
- In the footsteps of Stamford Raffles / Nigel Barley..
- In the Footsteps of Stamford Raffles (Updated) [Paperback].
- A Place Like Home (Indigo)?
As an unrepentant imperialist, he has received a bad press and we always seek a low motive hiding behind Victorian declarations of high virtue. But Singapore was not just grabbed; it was built according to plans he drew up himself and in the face of orders to the contrary. If we had accompanied him on his landing in , we would have seen nothing except a pile of human skulls left by pirates and lots of rats. The Raffles Institution, a school he founded for the education of locals, not just in British ways but in their own languages and cultures, is his true legacy.
He always remained that little boy desperately convinced that education could save the world.
What is Kobo Super Points?
Cathay Dragon is launching a route to Niigata, a Japanese region of hot springs, ski slopes and sake. The World Heritage sites for include Bagan, Jaipur and more places to add to your bucket list. Inflight entertainment.


Unveiling the untold stories of courage, hope, and tragedy that unfolded on the RMS Titanic, the Titanic Museum Attraction in Branson, Missouri invites you to embark on a journey back in time. Step into an immersive exhibition that whispers tales of survival, as it puts the spotlight on the children who sailed on that fateful voyage in 1912. Among them, the indomitable Louise Kink, a survivor of the Titanic at just four years old. As we delve into her incredible tale, you'll discover the only remaining memory of that haunting night – a pair of tiny shoes that serve as a poignant reminder of the profound impact of the world's most famous shipwreck. Get ready to be captivated by the captivating history that lies within the Titanic Museum Attraction.
Titanic Museum Attraction in Branson Introduces New Exhibit on Children of RMS Titanic
The Titanic Museum Attraction in Branson, Missouri is captivating visitors with its latest exhibition that shines a spotlight on the children who were aboard the ill-fated RMS Titanic in 1912. Stepping into the museum, visitors are transported back in time to experience the tragic events through the eyes of these young passengers. The exhibit offers a unique and poignant perspective, shedding light on the stories of hope, resilience, and loss that unfolded on that historic voyage.
Louise Kink: A Survivor's Tale from the RMS Titanic
Among the children featured in the Titanic Museum Attraction's new exhibit is Louise Kink, who miraculously survived the sinking of the Titanic at the tender age of four. Despite her survival, Louise could not recall the terrifying events that unfolded on that fateful night. Her story serves as a reminder of the impact the tragedy had on the lives of its survivors, especially the youngest ones who were left with fragmented memories and unanswered questions.
A Glimpse into the Past
Through carefully curated artifacts and historical accounts, visitors to the exhibit can catch a glimpse of the world that young passengers like Louise Kink inhabited onboard the RMS Titanic. Photographs, personal belongings, and written testimonies contribute to creating a vivid picture of life on the ship and the hopes and dreams that were abruptly interrupted by tragedy.
The Emotional Journey of Louise Kink
Louise Kink's remarkable story captivates museum-goers as they learn about her survival and subsequent struggle to recall the events of that harrowing night. Her journey becomes a symbol of resilience and the human capacity to overcome adversity. Through her experiences, visitors are reminded of the lasting impact of the Titanic's sinking and the importance of preserving and honoring the memories of those who perished.
Unique Relics: The Shoes of Louise Kink - The Only Remaining Memory from 1912
One of the most poignant artifacts on display in the exhibit is a pair of shoes that once belonged to Louise Kink. These small shoes, worn by a four-year-old girl over a century ago, are the sole remnants of her memory from the Titanic. They serve as a tangible connection to the past, evoking emotions and emphasizing the fragility of life and the enduring impact of historical events.
A Touching Tribute
The presence of Louise Kink's shoes in the exhibit pays homage to the children who were onboard the Titanic, reminding visitors of the individual lives and stories that were forever linked to this tragic event. The shoes act as an intimate memento, ensuring that the memory of Louise and her fellow young passengers continues to be honored and remembered.
How the Titanic Museum Attraction Preserves the History of the RMS Titanic
The Titanic Museum Attraction goes beyond the exhibit on the children of the Titanic, striving to preserve and educate visitors about the overall history of the RMS Titanic. Through a combination of interactive displays, historical artifacts, and knowledgeable guides, the museum creates an immersive experience that immerses visitors in the story of the ship's construction, its maiden voyage, and the events leading up to its tragic demise.
The museum features interactive exhibits that allow visitors to engage with the history of the Titanic in a hands-on manner. From exploring the intricacies of the ship's design to experiencing the grandeur of its interiors, visitors are transported back in time to the era of the Titanic, offering a deeper understanding of the magnitude of the disaster and its impact on global maritime history.
A Tribute to the Lost Lives
Throughout the museum, tributes are paid to the countless lives lost in the Titanic tragedy. Personal stories, photographs, and memorabilia help humanize the passengers and crew onboard the ship, reminding visitors of the individuals whose lives were forever altered by the sinking. By honoring their memory, the museum ensures that the human aspect of this historic event is never forgotten.
In conclusion, the Titanic Museum Attraction's new exhibition provides a deeply moving and immersive experience that showcases the stories and experiences of the children who were aboard the RMS Titanic. Through artifacts, personal accounts, and interactive displays, the museum not only preserves the history of the ship but also pays tribute to the lives affected by the tragedy. The story of Louise Kink serves as a reminder of the resilience of the human spirit and the lasting impact of historical events.
Preserving the Untold Stories for Future Generations
Stepping out of the Titanic Museum Attraction, one can't help but be moved by the resilience and humanity that emerged from the depths of tragedy. The exhibit dedicated to the children of the RMS Titanic allows us to honor their lives and ensure that their stories are forever etched in our collective memory. As visitors, we are entrusted with a duty – to share their tales of bravery, innocence, and the fragility of life. Let us carry these memories forward, passing them down to future generations, so that the legacy of the RMS Titanic and the remarkable young souls who journeyed aboard her may never fade away.


From a series taken on Gyaros in the Cyclades group of islands, Greece.
Not very well known outside Greece, Gyaros is a deserted island used as a political prison during the right wing Greek Military junta rule between 1967 and 1974. It had been used as a prison prior to that going back as far as Roman times. During the second half of the 20th century a total of 22,000 political prisoners, both men and women, were sent there.
After the military regime was overthrown, it was used as a firing range and it was not until 1989 that it was declared a national monument so that this concentration camp would never be forgotten. This was to be a warning of the dangers of oppression but successive governments have largely ignored the prison, preferring to leave it to decay and be forgotten.
There is an annual pilgrimage of survivors and families of those who didn't survive, but, apart from that, it remains deserted and difficult to access.


Includes transportation from the farm and breakfast.
Activity for 4 hours
?Introduction to the history and social situation of the boruca community.
?Interactive workshop. It consists of painting a small mask, we provide the
mask, brushes and paint.
?Lunch with local products.
?Visit to the community museum of Boruca.
– Craft workshops visit.


The Thang Long – Hanoi Heritage Conservation Center – The center has launched a 360° virtual tour
The Thang Long – Hanoi Heritage Conservation Center has just announced the construction of a 360° virtual tour at the revolutionary relic site – D67 House and Bunker.
Developed on QR Code software, the virtual tour at the Thang Long – Hanoi Heritage Conservation Center allows viewers to explore the historical values of the place, which used to be the headquarters of the command of the Vietnam People’s Army from 1968-1975. Many important decisions and strategies were taken here, contributing to the success of the Ho Chi Minh Campaign (30-4-1975) and the national reunification.
Also, with QR Code software, The virtual tour displays 120 images, documents and artifacts arranged into three thematic areas, including the directing process to prepare all aspects for the offensive, the features in directing The General Offensive and Uprising of the Spring 1975 with “Lightening speed, Daring, Surprising, Determined to Win”, the joy of victory. Three thematic areas help viewers to visualize and systematically learn about one of the historical periods of the Vietnamese revolution.
On this occasion, Thang Long – Hanoi Heritage Conservation Center in collaboration with Vietnam Omega Book Joint Stock Company and Dan Tri Publishing House released the book “The Headquarter (D67): Remnants of the Ho Chi Minh Era” which informs readers of the historical value of this place.


(I) need man
There were wars in New Zealand, native against settlers. Land was the major cause of the disputes. NZ never had war with other country but (if I am not mistake), this country sent troops to other country during world war.
Two soldiers died last year during their duty in Irag. Man and woman.
Probably those words were meant during the WW. Need more men to fight in the war. Men and women


Cedars Gay Campground is where the magical Illumination event took place over the Labour Day weekend of 2019. Sean spoke at a tree-planting ceremony.
The crew and cast of the film are extremely grateful to Cedars for permitting us to film this wonderful event, and for the love and support shown to Sean, we will all remember it fondly.
Now a historic site of Historic Hamilton, it was where Sean attended grades K - 8. This was the site of the Elise interview in the playground as it was here where they met back in 1979.
The home of Sean’s mom Sandy was used for filming her interview.
Several locations in downtown Toronto were used in the film, including Sean’s home.
Elise, Brian, Sean and Frances all met here in grade 9 back in 1980. The site of the school has changed locations a few times but in 1980 it was located in the former Teachers College of McMaster University on the University campus. The building itself has changed hands again but the day of filming, the security guards let us shoot the Frances interview in the stairwell.
The church where Elise’s husband Brian Lewis joins them is St. Augustine’s church. This is where Sean had his first communion, he and Elise had their confirmation, his sister Erin had her second wedding, and the funerals of both his Nana Cribbin and Grandpa Cribbin.


1 Samuel 11:7-8
7-8The terror of God seized the people, and they came out, one and all, not a laggard among them. Saul took command of the people at Bezek. There were 300,000 men from Israel, another 30,000 from Judah.
9-11Saul instructed the messengers, "Tell this to the folk in Jabesh Gilead: 'Help is on the way. Expect it by noon tomorrow.'"
The messengers set straight off and delivered their message. Elated, the people of Jabesh Gilead sent word to Nahash: "Tomorrow we'll give ourselves up. You can deal with us on your terms." Long before dawn the next day, Saul had strategically placed his army in three groups. At first light they broke into the enemy camp and slaughtered Ammonites until noon. Those who were left ran for their lives, scattering every which way.


We invite you to look at the many different rooms that we have to offer at this one of a kind location.
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Some history behind the building and and its function as well as our vision.


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In some ways tracing my family history is easier than my classmates. That’s because my parents emigrated from Asia to American to pursue an education. However, my parents come from countries “we” (Americans) consider to be polar with each other.
My father’s family hails from China. More specifically, they lived in western China. However, after the communist takeover of China in 1949, my grandparents like other followers of Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan. After fleeing to Taiwan my grandfather served in the military and eventually became a banker. On the other hand, my grandmother stayed at home to raise the children, as most women did in that time period. Even though my grandparents left China, their Chinese identity passed on to their children. However, tracing my family roots past my grandparents is a daunting task. But, I have it on good authority (documents) that my great-grandfather was the governor of the province of western China. Unfortunately, as I explained before, the Communist take over forced my great-grandparents immediate successors (my grandparents) to flee. Moving beyond my great-grandfather and to my great-grandmother, first-person accounts state that she also stayed at home and tended to the children. So not much differed from her and my grandmother. This was a result of the time period that they lived in. Going past this point in my father’s side of family history proves nearly impossible because of the lack of documentation. But, one day I hope to uncover the truth about my Chinese heritage.
My mother’s side of the family originated from Japan. She was born and raised in Tokyo. However, her grandparents and parents lived in the northern island, Hokkaido. I know that many relatives on her side of the family were entrepreneurs. My grandfather owned a pharmaceutical company, and his parents owned restaurants. Although my great-grand parents were not college educated, it did not hinder their success as entrepreneurs. On the same island of Hokkaido, my grandmother’s family owned shoes stores, hot springs, and hotels. Like my grandfather’s parents, my grandmother’s parents were also not college educated. But, thankfully both my grandparents broke this chain and went to college. My knowledge of my mother’s side limits me to this point because I was not particularly close to them. Like my other side of the family, I hope to understand were exactly my Japanese roots come from.


"La république de mon esprit se situe à l'extrême gauche de mon imagination." Keynes
Released in December 1965, "Gloria" received massive regional airplay. The band had slightly altered the song's lyrics, replacing Morrison's original "she comes to my room, then she made me feel alright" with "she called out my name, that made me feel alright" after influential Chicago station WLS had banned Them's original version. This simple change overcame the prevalent AM radio censorship of the era, and got The Shadows of Knight's cover version of the song onto the playlist of WLS, which had censored the original.


In 1765 Henry Chappell regarding Brunswick marketed in order to John Howard 235 miles which the action cards was meddle ne demek basically originally supplied so you can James Chappell in 1725. Inside the will for the 1768, James doesn’t hop out which acreage to your out of their heirs, and won’t mention Henry. It might appear that Henry acquired that it acreage before James passed away in Henry hitched Elizabeth Hicks (Hix) in the Brunswick.
Howell Chappell was born in 1759 when you look at the Sussex State
When you look at the 1771 Henry gotten an area patent inside the Sc, however it is clear of his tend to that he was in your community for a while, as he stored some a substantial property, also two ranches.
John and you will Mary lived in Sussex and you can were mom and dad out of Howell created in the 1759, produced into the 1765, Elizabeth born during the 1767, Mary created inside the 1769, Thomas produced in the 1772, Henry created during the 1774, and Peggy
Partner Age step one/step 3 of home, likewise Mingo, Charles, Roger, Will, Lucy and dos plows and eight reproduction sows throughout the the lady lifetime. On my spouse Age Chappell my collect of cig and you may corn, to help you the girl heirs and assigns forever.
On my child Hicks Chappell that Negro Sambo, one Negro lady called Judy, to the Negro lady entitled Camsher, and you can half the fresh new Stock which is at my One-fourth…. At exactly the same time the 3rd of your Harvest produced thereon place, on the other hand 50 % of two Mares together with 3rd away from Hogs toward my personal Family Plantation while the half your family furniture from the my Residence, in addition 8,100 weight are paid out of your currency We now provides. (Note: this is most definitely Sc Script that has been highly excessive inside 1779 because of the Wave.)
Hicks was born in 1759 for the Brunswick in which he died from inside the 1823 for the Richland County, Sc. The guy supported lower than Colonel Taylor inside the Trend. Hicks married Age Thwaites (Threewits). Predicated on Heitman, Hicks Chappell supported lower than Goodwyn and you may Thomson regarding Wave. He was seized on Foot. McIntosh and then replaced. Joining Sumter significantly less than Lt. Colonel Thomas Taylor, he was seized once again at the Angling Creek. Traded, he had been marketed to help you Chief under Taylor. Serving with him under Goodwyn was Robert Chappell, their brother. The will off Hicks Chappell was filed in the 1823 into the Richland County, Sc. He had been a major throughout the troops adopting the Trend. Their gravestone claims one to Hicks was born in 1759 in Brunswick. Family culture claims the guy joined since a personal lower than Sumter and you will Standard Marion, is wounded on Eutaw Springs and you can exited since the a major, however, this is probably a decoration whilst appears evident the guy obtained their rank adopting the Revolution. Hicks and you can Elizabeth was in fact the parents from James Henry Chappell and you will John Chappell produced within the 1782 from inside the Richland Condition, Sc. John hitched Sophia Maria Environmentally friendly. John paid to your Little River from inside the Fairfield Condition, South carolina. Their spouse was a daughter off Colonel Eco-friendly of your own Wave. In the 1837 the guy bought a plantation during the Lowndes County, Alabama where he died inside the 1871. John are soldier and you may a Statesman and additionally legal counsel and you may Congressman. He was operating which have John C. Calhoun. In the 1812 the guy asked a-south Carolina Routine.
Elizabeth Chappell hitched a Sneade, and you may Martha Chappell ily customs stated from the Phillip Chappell, Martha try taken to Lunenburg by her husband if Cutting edge War broke out in South carolina, as he returned and you can enlisted about soldiers.
The guy died from inside the Mecklenburg County. Howell ran earliest to help you Prince George State next in the 1783 the guy bought one hundred acres inside Meherrin Parish, Brunswick County regarding William Ezell. Ultimately the guy settled into the Mecklenburg Condition in which he acquired an action when you look at the 1803 from their sibling, Rebecca Northington. Stephen and you may Frances Chappell was in fact their pupils. Frances partnered an excellent Roberts.


Dunn, of Indiana, on the Oregon Bill, other in the House of Representatives of the U. Seddon, of Virginia, On the Action of the Executive in Relation to California. defined in the House of Representatives, January 23, 1850( Washington: sent at the Congressional Globe Office, 1850), by James A. Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders( 1968), by United States National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, oath. The sufficient slavery: dynamics by Edward Thomas( London: J. Cape, 1928), by Edward Thomas, class. foreign lesions searching to the War in Southeast Asia: readers Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-Second Congress, First Session, on S. Dynamic Geology of the Northern Cordillera( Alaska and Western Canada) and Adjacent Marine minutes: others, methods, and Resources( 2017), by Thomas K. The Future of the Colored Race in America: ordering an room in the moderate-energy Christian Review, of July, 1862( Philadelphia: W. The Future of the Colored Race in America: serving an concept in the great single Review, of July, 1862( New York: A. How a Free People Conduct a Long War: A Chapter from English account( Philadelphia: W. Martien, 1863), by Charles J. Letter on the Rebellion, to a Citizen of Washington, From a Citizen of Philadelphia( Philadelphia: J. A Memoir of Anne Jemima Cough, by Her Niece( London and New York: E. The National University of Ireland( sent from The Catholic University Bulletin; 1910), by P. Why the North Cannot Accept of Separation( New York: C. Northern Interests And Southern Independence: A Plea For United Action( Philadelphia: W. Martien, 1863), by Charles J. The religious Disposal of Trinity College, Dublin: A telomere From the item, With Introduction and Appendices( London: T. Unwin, 1904), by Trinity College( Dublin, Ireland), radiotracer.


23 February 2008
The Polish Legion of American Veterans is a non-profit Congressionally Chartered organization, whose membership shall not be discriminatory on the basis of race, color religion or national origin. We are committed to the ideals of patriotism, charity and volunteerism through allegiance to our Country, honor to our Country's standards and aiding in the rehabilitation of disabled veterans. Our goal is to dedicate time and effort to insure that no benefits be denied to those who served their country and to support legislation intended for those who earned the right to the benefits
The PLAV works for veterans causes. For example, we visit hospitalized veterans at VA Medical Centers and Veterans Homes. Without these visits, many hospitalized veterans would have a very lonely and sad existence.
We work with other veterans to help the indigent and less fortunate veterans. We participate in ceremonies commemorating Veterans Day, Memorial Day, Polish Constitution Day, Pulaski Day and other events.
The PLAV takes time to have a little fun too by participating at social events at our various Posts throughout the nation. For example, many Posts sponsor An Evening in Warsaw and other social events.
On the education front, we provide scholarships to children and grandchildren of veterans.
It is very important to us that we remind Americans of the contributions and sacrifices made by Americans of Polish descent to safeguard the freedoms of our great nation.
Culturally, we band together and preserve the Polish customs and traditions of our forebears and to carry on with the many activities in which the PLAV is involved.
17 February 2008
Description of the Army
by James J. Czuchra
An estimated 20,000 Polish persons answered the call to fight for freedom and the opportunity to regain Poland's independence during World War I in the Polish Army in France (in Polish, Armia Polska we Francyi). They were recruited from among the Polish immigrants who came to America to fight with France.
The Polish Army in France was also called 'Haller's Army,' after the general who commanded it, or the 'Blue Army,' for the blue uniforms the soldiers wore.
For more information, see:
Polish Genealogical Society Newsletter, Vol. X, #1, Spring 1987, pages 1,3-4.
'World War I Polish American Military Records,' by Joseph T. Hapak, a brief history of the Polish Army in France.
Searchers, the Newsletter of the PGS of Western New York, #8, January 1993,pp.17-20. 'Buffalonians in Polish Army,' compiled by Ted Smardz, a listing of Buffalo recruits.
01 February 2008
address, city, state, zip
The Honorable Barbara Mikulski
503 Hart Senate Office Building
Dear Senator Mikulski:
I am writing to ask you to sponsor a United States Senate Resolution in order to register five facts of history about
Over the past two years, the continuing distortion of
First, the U.S. House of Representatives called for today’s Poland, the Third Polish Republic, to ape what some post-Communist countries in Europe already have done -- compensate individuals whose property was seized and confiscated by the Nazis during World War II, and then nationalized by Communist governments either during the final stages of the 1939-1945 War, or after May 8/9, 1945 -- the dates that mark the cessation of World War II combat in Europe.
The unnamed post-Communist countries mentioned in this House of Representatives Resolution were allies of Nazi Germany --
Secondly, on 6 April 2007, your colleague Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, in her capacity as a member of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in
American public opinion must unambiguously understand that Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (acting through their Communist proxies in
If today’s Poland enacts a law on compensation and/or restitution of World War II era despoiled and then nationalized private property, then American public opinion must understand that Poland, unlike some other post-Communist European countries, was not an ally of Nazi Germany.
This is why I encourage you to sponsor a U.S. Senate Resolution on
2. Polish armed forces were the fourth largest contingent (after the former
Soviet Union, the former British Empire, and the
3. Nazi Germany did not want to set-up a collaborationist Nazi-satellite
State on Nazi conquered Polish territory.
Crime -- the mass murder of European Jewry.
5. After the
occupation, the Communists treated
worse than defeated Axis allies also liberated by the Red Army, like
treatment of their Polish ally on the bogus grounds that Poles needed to
be restrained by Communism and Soviet military occupation or else the
Poles would continue the Judeocide which Hitler began. Many in the
West believed this Stalinist propaganda at the end of World War II -- far
too many continue to believe it today.
Whether or not we are citizens of your home state,
We look forward to your favorable action to fulfill this request.


Historical Society of Pennsylvania
About the Project
Duke Riley focuses on the tiny yet contentious island in the Delaware River known as Petty’s Island. In the past the island served as a safe haven for pirates, illegal immigrants, gambling, and duels. In the 1850s, Irish immigrant Ralston Laird settled on the island and declared himself king. For this project, Riley tracked down Laird descendants and “reclaims” the island on behalf of the family. Items from Riley’s project—including artifacts excavated from the island and decorative plates with images of Laird descendants—will be on display.
The Historical Society of Pennsylvania
Founded in 1824 in Philadelphia, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania is one of the oldest historical societies and one of the largest family history libraries in the nation. HSP is second only to the Library of Congress for material on the nation’s founding and is the country’s third most popular destination for genealogical study. Following a merger with the Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies, the society is also a leading repository of immigrant and ethnic history. With more than 21 million records including manuscripts, graphics, and books that span over 350 years of history, HSP is an invaluable resource for historical research.
Out of Print
Program support for Out of Print is provided by The Barra Foundation, Inc. Out of Print is a collaboration between Philagrafika and five historic collections in Philadelphia including: the American Philosophical Society, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Independence Seaport Museum, the Rosenbach Museum & Library; and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology & Anthropology.
Historical Society location:
1300 Locust St.
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Please check back for more information about Duke Riley Out of Print program locations.
Phone: (215) 732-6200
Tuesday, Thursday 12:30-5:30 (last admittance at 4:45 p.m.); Wednesday 12:30-8:30 (last admittance at 7:45 p.m.); Friday 10am-5:30pm. Closed Saturdays, Sundays, and Mondays.
To view the Out of Print exhibition there will be a $1 charge. Normal daily admission to use the library for non-members adults: $6.00. Daily admission for non-member students: $3.00 (with current student identification card).


Bounding forth from the past into the present, from the refreshingly chilly concrete bunker of the Churchill War Rooms, back into this unseasonally foreign, October sunshine, one bagged the wisp of a thought as it wafted through the rippling green haze of London's St. James's Park. It was this: since time immemorial, ever since our nocky, loin-clothed ancestors scratched their charcoaled fingernails across the musty cave walls of Cheddar Gorge, we Englanders have been driven to record, to pot and to pickle history, our history; for today and tomorrow, for ourselves and Johnny Foreigner.
These days it would seem, the world is rather fond too of the taste of ‘olde’ and what once was England. This fashion season, from Hoxton to Harajuku, one can see legions of Tricker-booted, Barbour-jacketed young buffers swagging the sidewalks; fellows for whom all things English are now most proper and champion. What a bit of jam!
Dam silly, you might say. I say, it’s a jolly kick up the collective corybungus for those who’ve forgotten from whence they came from. To paraphrase old Winnie, a country that knoweth not its history simply has no future. Here, here.
David Gilston is a British designer and brand developer whose blog Once Was England "harks back to a disappearing age in our history - the time of the gentleman - when people ate faggots and tripe, drove Rolls Royces and Bentleys, had their clothes made with their tailor and holidayed by the sea." Read the full GWG review of his blog.


Here are the top choices of smarlk.com about the places to see in Cebu, Philippines. It is really interesting to wander around Cebu especially they have some colonial historical buildings.
1. Basilica Minore Del Santo Nino-Is a Catholic church found in 1565.Antiques are also on the agenda of the century, old furniture, priestly vestments and the Santo Nino old cloaks donated by private individuals for centuries.
2.Taoist Temple-is located in Beverly Hills Subdivision in Cebu City, Philippines.The temple is open to the public for worshipers and non-worshipers. The main entrance of Taoist temple is replica of Great Wall of China.The temple contains a chapel, library, gift shop and wishing well. It has spacious balconies offering a panoramic view of downtown Cebu.
3.Fort San Pedro-It’s a nice and quiet place to escape the atmosphere of the city.The smallest outpost in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era. It offers a small museum displays the treasures of the sunken wreck of the galleon San Diego from Mexico. The area is scenic and has been recently renovated and open-air of the Plaza Independencia.
4.Magellan shrine-This place is good in photography indeed an historic site.It has a great Memorial Tower erected in honor of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. The place is considered the area of ??Magellan died in the Battle of Mactan in 1521.
5. Magellan Cross-This place has a good history of travel. This is near in Basilica Minore Del Santo Nino.
6.Lapu-Lapu shrine-The Shrine of Lapu-Lapu is located in a park known as the Magellan Shrine, which celebrates the events of the Battle of Mactan.


Madras, 1965. The living room of my grandparents’ home had two walls adorned with photographs, one facing the other. On one, there was the family, our family, the various momentous events of sons and daughters, graduations, weddings, and births. The story of three generations told through milestones unfolded before our eyes. Opposite, there were two other family stories on display, images cut out from newspapers or magazines and framed, those of King George VI and Queen Mary, together with Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret atop their ponies and of Pandit Nehru with his daughter Indira. The family as nation and the nation as family were visually inextricable in that room, where the fan whirred all day against the humid, tropical heat.
In what follows, I want to explore the question of how implicated the personal and the public are through family photography, as both seek to construct, reconstruct, and invent histories lived against the ephemera of time and place. In this sense, I draw on the seminal notion proposed by Roland Barthes, in Camera Lucida (1980), that photos signal death, precisely because they seek to rescue the photographic moment from the obliteration that accompanies the passage of time and the inevitable alterations of place. Writing of his mother’s portrait, soon after her death and not long before his own, Barthes proposes that her image, which affirms her presence in the past, also affirms her absence in the present. It is this overriding sense of death that gives the image its punctum, its poignancy, and hence makes it both meaningful and memorable. The images on my grandparents’ wall, in that house that has long ceased to exist, were just so: they constructed a sense of the family in nation, time, and history, even as the family itself dispersed.
Those were the days of analogue photography, when the family photo often marked an event, so that the very act of photographing lifted the latter out of the ordinary flow of the everyday. The family photo, an occasion in and of itself, was taken in a bid to freeze lived experience in time and place. The photographic act confirmed that very existence. It was meant to ensure that the memory of the event or of the subjects would endure. And that material fragment of memory was often crafted through careful staging, following the visual tropes of “good” photographic practice, tried and tested in studios across the world, constructed out of invisible threads – lighting, pose, and composition – that tacitly harnessed the particular, the personal, and the private to innumerable such images of “other” people and places. Across cities and homes, family photos unwittingly ricocheted to create larger histories. Every family photo thus resides alongside, and helps construct, archives of the collective, so that it speaks to and resonates with a history of the familial nation, the family as the building block of the nation. Family photos form part of the larger ideological and political visual fields that define and shape the public sphere. As such, these small fragments of the personal, when considered not as one-offs, but as part of a larger spectrum of visual signs, serve to construct collective memory.
To say, though, that family photos tell stories that belong to us and others is not enough. Yes, nothing refreshes memory like the family album. Few things reassure us, as lone subjects, of a sense of community as does picturing ourselves with those who are or were ours. However, that album, seen in the course of decades and generations, gains new meaning across time and place. The family album is a compass, for we seek from it our own historical orientation. For most of us, the homely album is the single most important source of genealogical verification. We gaze at the images of our elders, of our former selves, to glean a sense of who we are and where we come from. In her book Family Frames (2012), writes of how, for the fragmented, uprooted post-war subjects of the twentieth century and beyond, family photos are instruments for idealising the family, for imagining it as the indissoluble, united, cohesive, and biologically confirmed unit from which to draw stability in an otherwise chaotic and troubled world. The ideals perceived via the image are as important as the question of memory, precisely because they fuel the surface impression of that which endures. Indeed, these ideals are not separate from memory. They are the ideological fabric from which memory itself is invented and shaped.
This is really why family photos are important. In the face of change, they offer a space from which to invent memories, our own and those of our times. Photos are material objects that nevertheless have an agency of their own. In What Do Pictures Want? (2006), W.J.T. Mitchell argues that images are dynamic. They have the power to influence, persuade viewers, to invite them to invent memory. These photos speak eloquently to one another, even if they are not located next to each other, through the mind’s eye of the viewer. They operate in ideologically charged networks that idealise the family in the same vein as the nation, as a stable and enduring entity in the face of the upheavals of modern times. Family photos do not really preserve memory. In actual fact, they invent the family, as they do the nation: they invite the desiring viewer to engage in the imaginative play of memory, through scattered frames that house the flickers of time and place.
Roland Barthes, Camera Lucida (New York: Hill and Wang, 1980).
Marianne Hirsch, Family Frames: Photography, Narrative, and Postmemory (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1977).
W.J.T. Mitchell, What Do Pictures Want? The Lives and Loves of Images (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006).