How the Holocaust impacted the Wagowski family:
From 1933 to 1945 there were 11 million Jews living in several European countries who were targeted for complete annihilation by the Germans. By the end of World War II, the Holocaust had killed 6 million Jews. That is equal to 2 out of every 3 Jews. One of those families who lost 6 out of 11 members of their family in the gas chambers was my family, the Wagowski family.
The following were the Wagowski family from Lodz, Poland:
Jacob Leib Wagowski (born 1872), my grandfather, died in the gas chamber January 28, 1942
Esther Rose Wagowski , my grandmother, died in the gas chamber January 28, 1942
My grandparents, named above, had 8 kids who were my aunts and uncles as shown below;
Dora Wagowski, my aunt, died in the gas chamber January 28, 1942
David Wagowski, my uncle, died in the gas chamber January 28, 1942
Chana Wagowski, my aunt, died in the gas chamber January 28, 1942
Shmiel Wagowski, my uncle, Did not survive the Holocaust
The following were the survivors of the Holocaust;
Rushka Wagowski/Rose Faland, my aunt, was liberated with her husband Isaac (Ignash) Faland my uncle, after surviving 5 years in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
Faigela Wagowski/Fela Kirk-Cornhandler-Goldkind, my aunt, escaped to Russia with her baby Saul and survived
Saul Goldkind, my cousin, along with his mother Faigela Wagowski (above) survived
Max Wagowski, my uncle, escaped to Russia and survived
Chawa Wagowski/Eva Gruszecki , my mother, escaped to Russia and survived.
By Jacob (Jack) Gruszecki
If you would like to add your family history, please write to email@example.com


Our jewelry is located in La Paz Street in Valencia. The building, constructed in 1898, is one of the few examples of Neomozarab architecture in Valencia and is inspired in the Alhambra Palace.
La Paz Street was built thanks to the support of the ilustrated families of late 19th Century. Each of them asked their personal architect to design a building in this road. In our case it was the Caymon family whose head of the household was a diputy in Parlament and a well-known erudite of the time.
Later on the building hosted “La Real Sociedad de Tiro Pichón”, a gentlemen association founded in 1915. Although the ownership lasted until 1975, it had two interruptions closely related to the Spanish history: during one month of the Civil War it was used as headquarters of the Writers against Fascism Congress, managed by Octavio Paz and after it was the meeting point of the Iberic Anarquist Federation.
After the end of the Civil War, it was owned again by “La Real Sociedad de Tiro Pichón” that transformed it into a casino. Actually it was one of the few casinos that continued to operate during Franco’s dictatorship.
In 1975 “La Real Sociedad de Tiro Pichón” needed funds and sold the building to the father of our current designer, Mr. Paco Gracia Polo.
In 1992 Mr. Paco Gracia Polo moved his jewelry and workshop from 24 La Paz Street to number 4 and his son, Vicente Gracia takes control of the business. Due to his youth, he takes a very original approach using the space to celebrate expositions and at the same time sell jewelry. It is the beginning of the perfect combination that all the pieces of Vicente Gracia keep: jewels seen as the result of our culture and history.
In addition to that, he transforms his workshop in a key part of the business and the craftmanship continues to be one of the our symbols of identity.
Nowadays Vicente Gracia’s Jewelry occupies the main floor of the building that you enter after walking through a small door covered in colorful tiles and rising a wooden staircase that creak under the steps of visitors and customers. People say it was the last Caoba piece that came from Cuba after the start of the war… And then you enter the secret garden of Vicente Gracia, where the theatre curtains, a cloud of incense from the different corners of the world and the Andalusí and Mozarab music drive you to the magic world of Vicente’s jewelry.


Freelance Writer, Author and Pop Culture Historian
Thursday, March 29, 2018
Press For A Secret History of Brands
The Daily Mail was kind enough to post a very in-depth feature about my latest history title,
A Secret History of Brands
, on their website last November.
Check it out
if you haven't already.
The Atari Nation
Post a Comment
Post Comments (Atom)


Discover the history and timeless tradition of the masters!
From humble beginnings and with fond memories we remember the Hereford Masters. A competition of Kings, a test of strength, nerve, endurance and skill. From the first competition some years ago, all competitors instantly knew that the occasion would become legend. As the years have gone by, it has grown and evolved and by all accounts become a highlight on the calendar.
The original trophy still with the tournament after so many years is a prize for all top golfers hoping to add their names to the very best that have held it before them.
Join us on Facebook


Journal of Management History, Volume 19 Issue 2, 2011, pp.189-224
Since its appearance in the English language in the 16th century and until the beginning of the 20th century, the word “management” did not mean primarily “business management.” From the time when its use become frequent, in the middle of the 18th century, five generic types of literature make a repetitive use of the notion : these are texts on husbandry, medical care of the mother and of the infant, household administration, school supervision and engineering. While those uses are very diverse, when considered as a whole all these subject matters show coherence in their common definition of the term “management,” which could be summarized as : caring, making efficient , driving, systematizing, and calculating. This broad characterization of the word “management” was not an explicit reference for business management practitioners and theoreticians at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century, but rather the mental foundation upon which mechanics, engineers, and accountants chose to build their own concept of the notion. From a global overview of this early discourse on management, we draw a hypothesis on the symbolic and institutional causes of the appearance of modern management.


This walk begins at maritime Greenwich, one of the most historic areas of riverside in London.
This memoryscape explores the hidden history of London's docks, once the busiest docks in the world. The picture postcard, tourist views of Greenwich are quickly left behind to explore the strange quaysides and deserted industrial landscape of the Greenwich peninsula.
The walk is narrated by the people who used to work in the docks and wharfs in London. Their stories are taken from a unique collection of 200 interviews gathered when the docks fell into disuse, which is now stored at the Museum in Docklands.
The collection recalls the working life of a port that once had a workforce of 100,000 people - a culture that has almost completely disappeared in a living memory.
Most of the bank of the river you walk along looks certain to be redeveloped soon - so this may be your last chance to see what is left of London's working wharfs and shipyards.
The red spots on the aerial photograph show areas relevant to the interviewees' memories
- recordings are played at these points on the walk. Click on a spot
in the picture to find out more.
STOP PRESS: Please note that some features on the trails have now been redeveloped - for example Lovell's Wharf and the Millennium Motel. However, the route is still the same and and you can listen to what has now become audio archaeology. The author now teaches a postgraduate course on place, memory and digital heritage as part of the Heritage Studies programme at the Raphael Samuel History Centre. An interview with the author about these trails can be found on History Workshop Online.


There are many different kinds of archaeological finds, and some people think they all belong to one group, namely, ancient antiquities. However, in reality, the majority of these finds have nothing to do with ancient cultures, except in some cases they have come from those who lived in those places in the past.
Ancient antiquities are artifacts from the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean region, especially the ancient Greek civilizations: the Classical period, including the ancient Athens of the time of Alexander the Great, the Greco-Roman world of the time of Marcus Aurelius and the Hellenistic world of the time of Cleopatra. The most famous ancient culture to make a claim to antiquity is Egyptian culture, which developed a great civilization in the time of Cleopatra. However, there were other ancient civilizations that had similar characteristics. These include the Roman world, the Middle East, the Chinese, and so on. It has also been argued that these cultures and their culture contributed to the formation of modern times.
Modern archeologists can be very useful in determining the age of an artifact and its meaning, but it must be remembered that the methods and techniques that they use to analyze ancient art and artifacts are very different from that used by archeologists in the past. Modern archeologists, therefore, have to rely on their own judgment, which can be rather subjective.
In fact, different techniques used to analyze antique finds can be very subjective. For instance, while archeologists can determine the basic shape and size of a piece of pottery, they cannot determine how the item was actually made. They may have a vague idea about the basic elements that made up pottery, but they cannot make a precise determination as to what was used. On the other hand, modern archeologists have the ability to make a much more accurate estimate of the elements that were used to make a piece of pottery.
In the case of a piece of jewelry, it can be rather difficult to determine exactly what materials were used, as each piece of jewelry has a slightly different style and design. This is particularly true of antique jewelry. There are even some pieces of jewelry, which are found in a variety of settings, which have no obvious relationship to any kind of historical period. history or culture. Therefore, it can be extremely difficult to determine if the piece of jewelry belongs to the right period.
Furthermore, many of these types of antiquities can be very difficult to determine the specific period in which they were created, as the piece is so old that it no longer looks like it’s intended form. One of the best ways to determine this is by examining its color or the overall appearance.
The most important aspect of identifying these antiquities, then, is by using archeology. The process of archeology involves using scientific analysis of objects to determine the age, style, material, and history of a piece of art or artifact.
Archeologist’s work is relatively easy to complete because they have many resources. One of the most important resources that archeologists usually use for their study of artifacts is the field. They can often get access to an archaeological site by going on archaeological digs. Fieldwork allows them to see the actual artifacts themselves, which can give them a very clear picture of what they are looking at.
A great part of the fieldwork is that it helps the archeologist to determine if the artifact they are studying is authentic, as some artifacts that are excavated can be fraudulent. The fieldwork also gives archaeologists a chance to examine the artifacts from a wide variety of angles, which can make it easier to determine the characteristics of the pieces that they are studying.
Because these artifacts are so important to the history of a particular period, archeologists are very careful with their research. In some cases, they may even try to test an item or two before actually excavating it in order to determine if it might be of importance to the history of that period.
An excellent example of a good method of analyzing antiquities is the use of a computer. which has been designed to detect certain features of an item that may not be easily observed in the field.


Bodie is a California State Park. Gold was discovered here in 1859 but the big load was discovered in 1875 after a mine collapse and the town grew quickly to over 7000. Mining continued until 1942 so the site reflects a range of decades. The don't restore anything but try to hold things in a state of arrested decay. There are buildings from the 1870s up until the 1920s. The school was still in use in 1942. This is high desert across the valley from the Sierras. If you enjoy ghost towns this is one of the best. It's not commercialized though there is a small gift shop/museum.


| Newbern Hardware is believed to be one of the three oldest continually operating hardware stores in the State of Tennessee. It is located across Main Street from the Historic Illinois Centeral Railroad Depot and Amtrack Station which is listed as a National Historic Place.
The current Newbern Hardware Building was original built and occupied in 1888 as the A.F. Dickson General Store. The business sold groceries, clothes, hardware, and farming items. The construction plate is located at the rear of the building. The building contains 3 floors and covers almost 11,000 square feet.
In 1905, Newbern Hardware was incorporated by multiple stockholders (L.G. Norvell, W.S. Ridens, and Henry Beard) and were located just a few buildings down the street. They sold basically the same items except added farm implements and hardware to the inventory In 1925 the Moore Family became the primary stock holders. The current facility located at 230 East Main was purchased by the corporation in 1930 and expanded to include implement repair and service in the workshop which was located in a three story builing on the property.
In 1949 a new implement facility was constructed at the rear of the current Hardware Store facing Washington Street, to house a John Deere dealership. In 1976 the dealership relocated to the Burch Foods Building on SR 211 North. It has since been acquired by Tennessee Tractor.
When the John Deere dealersip relocated, the Hardware portion of the business was sold to Mr. Tom Jayroe in 1976, then later operated by his son Jim after Mr. Tom's retirement. Mark and Mike Lamb acquired the property from Jim Jayroe in 2003. They sold to Ron Thurmond in 2006 and was operated by the Thurmond Family until aquired by the Parker Family in April of 2016. In the 112 year history the Parkers are the 5th family ownerships.
Newbern Hardware is a licensed and authorized dealer for Stanley, National Hardware, House Hassan, Orgil Brothers as well as Rustoleum, Valspar, Grey Seal and Pittsburg Paints. Newbern Hardware carries affordable products as well as the majority of the nationally recognized brands and is stocked by two of the oldest hardware suppliers in Tennessee.
Richard T. Moore who served as a State Representative in the 76th General Assembly maintained his local offices on the second floor of the Hardware Store and worked the facility when not in Nashville. Prior to, and thereafter practiced law from the same offices.
Olen Parker who serves as the Executive Director for the ADDA an international Design Drafting and Certification Organization has relocated thier offices to the 2nd floor continuing the tradition.
This Building, Business and History of this Hardware Store is a Tennessee Treasure and the continuation of its operation and perseveration is an investment in preserving Tennessee and Dyer County History.


Should jerusalem be the capital of modern-day israel should jerusalem be the capital of modern the rights of muslims to worship on the temple. On the location of the the temple mount in the old city of norma robertson believes the recent archaeological find of the acra fortress dating. With free membership you can create your own profile, share photos and videos, contact and flirt with other temple city singles, visit our live chat rooms and interest groups, use instant. It was because of the strategic location of this single spring that the original this made the temple so close to the city solomon’s temple (the muslim.
Home » world news » hindu temples of gulf countries: more exist than that a muslim businessman donated capital city muscat: a krishna temple in. Something that had not occurred during the 19 year occupation of jordan until the liberation of the holy city by dating back to hebrew muslims own the temple. Social media images claim to show militants blowing up 2,000-year-old temple of baal shamin in ancient syrian city city of palmyra before islamic dating back. Arab states to seek recognition of east jerusalem as the temple mount is under an autonomous muslim jerusalem is revered as a sacred city by jews, muslims.
Muslim cleanup project ‘illegally disturbed, removed’ ancient soil on temple mt ramadan 'beautification' effort was deliberately provocative, part of bid to erase traces of pre-muslim era. Second unesco resolution passes proclaiming jerusalem muslim city, temple mount islamic the newest text does not contain a single reference to jerusalem’s. Instantly search and view photos of all homes for sale in temple city, ca now temple city, ca real estate listings updated every 15 to 30 minutes. Muslim singles - the best way to so register on this website and start looking for your love singles in johnson city tn how to find a woman to love top uk dating.Jerusalem is one of the oldest cities in the world that people have lived in continuously it is important to many major religions jews consider jerusalem a holy city because it was their. Find your muslim life partner muslima has helped thousands of muslim singles find their start your success story on muslima as a premier site for muslim. Step inside the hidden tunnels under jerusalem's sacred of jerusalem's old city, the western wall is one of islamic waqf manages the temple.
Religion-affiliated islamic society of iowa city 114 e prentiss st pho mon buddhist temple 511 w 17th st sioux city, ia 51103 7122774432. From new york, dina temple raston reports a split among new york city muslims there's growing tension between extreme and mainstream muslims in new york city,. Jerusalem: three things to know the temple mount is under an autonomous muslim jerusalem is revered as a sacred city by jews, muslims and christians. In israel, in the city of jerusalem, the temple mount is considered to be the historic place of solomon’s and herod’s temple over the centuries, islam (muslims) have come to claim the.
Find a girlfriend or lover in temple city, or just have fun flirting online with temple city single girls temple city muslim singles. Two us congressmen were briefly detained by israeli police while touring jerusalem's temple mount because the islamic trust (waqf) complained that one of them had picked up an olive. What is beneath the temple mount a bronze coin dating to the great revolt a 700-year-old former sufi monastery in the muslim quarter of the old city—is.
Archeologists uncover more proof of jewish rule in jerusalem during first temple era https: slaughtered every jew and muslim they could find in the city,. Meet thousands of local singles in the temple city, based on a series of short planned introductions temple city speed dating allow singles to muslim. Start meeting singles in temple city today with our free online personals and free temple city chat temple city muslim singles.


.... a northern Highland distillery with a history intertwined (literally) with the magnificent Brora.
This is a colourful, engaging, and gregarious dram with, fizz, and character, and you don't really get a bad version of this one, even amongst the Indi's. Excellent, ... and a lot nicer than the autocrat who founded the distillery in 1819
who was responsible for a significant, enforced depopulation of his lands which contributed to the Highland Clearances.
Clynelish 14 y.o. 90/100


Drawings of The Lake District Derwentwater Fells and the Lingholm Estate Portinscale
A brief history of Lingholm and the Vale of Keswick
"FAR from my dearest Friend, 'tis mine to rove; Through bare grey dell, high wood, and pastoral cove; Where Derwent rests, and listens to the roar, That stuns the tremulous cliffs of high Lodore; William Wordsworth An Evenings Walk
In the industrialised Victorian era the Vale of Keswick and remote Borrowdale held a fascination for readers and viewers of Painters and writers. The wool producing town of Keswick witnessed a changing landscape as splendid holiday homes surrounded by gardens and Parkland were built for the English Elite taking over from the old farming practices. Alongside the change from farming to tourism an historic attachment developed between the arts, the environment and industrialists. Its this that created the beautiful landscape of parkland backed by wild fells and tumbling rivers that we see today.
The Lingholm Estate was one of the premier houses in the Vale of Keswick. Dr Dalton, William Turner, Constable, Dr John Brown, Ruskin and Beatrice Potter amongst many others found inspiration here. They marvelled in the pure sparkling lake and the high and steep fells. "Derwent water, here was beauty lying in the lap of horrour" wrote Charles Avison in 1780.
The Estate has continued its creative links into the present day with the commissioning of two large triptychs by Lake District artist Rob Miller for the Stone Room.
On this page you will see the result of an artists exploration of the Lake District and Derwentwater and her local fells through drawings in charcoal and ink.


silent beauty. Today we viseted ( just accidentally) a monastery in Hájek, close to Prague. It is interesting - this place was many, many years used and destroied by the army and still it has such a strong spirit and atmosphere. This visit was just like a present for me! Have nice rest of the weekend.


On Thursday 27th April Cooloongup Primary School held their ANZAC Assembly. The school holds this ceremony annually to commemorate and pay respect to past and present serving members of the Defence Force.
As well as several parents in attendance we had multiple special guests including the Rockingham City Mayor , Petty Officer Fellowes from the Royal Navy and members from Cooloongup School Board.
During the ceremony students from all classes laid wreaths and we payed tribute to the Anzacs by playing the last post and observing a minutes silence. Hayden


|Posted on January 7, 2013 at 7:00 PM|
Charles Spencer was the founder chairman of Brewood Chess Circle. This was an article orignally appearing in the newsletter circulated to members written by Andrew Davies.
Charles Spencer was born in Brixton on 2nd May 1926. While he was still young, his family moved to Essex, where he first met the girl who would become his wife. Towards the end of the war, he joined the Royal Navy. After demob, he joined the Hertfordshire police.
In 1954 he joined the colonial service and served in Betchuanaland (later to become Botswana) and also in Basutoland (later Lesotho). While still out there in 1960, he and Joyce were married. When Lesotho gained independence in 1966, Charles, his wife Joyce and daughters Janet and Elaine returned to England. Charles went to teacher-training college in Shrewsbury, after which they moved to Brewood where he taught: Initially at the junior school, but later the middle school.
In 1978, Charles and his colleague Peter Richardson discovered a mutual interest in chess. Games followed, and the pair soon grew into a group as other players joined the happy band. To start with, they met in each others houses. By 1980, there were 11 in the group - too many to meet in each others houses any longer so, on 29th April 1980, Brewood Chess Circle was founded. Charles was founder chairman. A roll he would take punctiliously until 1997 when he stepped down. Each summer between 1980 and 1994, chess circle members and their families would be invited to his back garden for the "Garden party", with events such as horseshoe hurling etc.
Besides chess, Charles developed an interest in art, was a keen gardner, keep fit fanatic, rambler, played bowles and enjoyed dancing. Up to the 1980's he could regularly be seen road running. He was a regular churchgoer and served on the parochial church council. He enjoyed a keen interest in the village and it surrounds, but prefered the doomsday book spelling Breude to the modern spelling of Brewood. His wife Joyce died in January, 2011. Charles himself died at home on the 1st December.
Good chess Charles.
Categories: Other news


The history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) is rich with stories of faith, sacrifice, and perseverance. From the humble beginnings in upstate New York to the global presence it has today, the church has left its mark on the world. One of the best ways to learn about this history is by visiting the church’s historic sites. A tour of these sites can be an amazing experience that not only educates but inspires as well.
The LDS Church has a number of historic sites scattered throughout the United States. These sites document significant events in the history of the church, and they offer visitors a unique opportunity to learn more about the faith and the people who have helped shape it. Some of the most notable sites include the Sacred Grove in Palmyra, New York; the Kirtland Temple in Kirtland, Ohio; and the Nauvoo Temple in Nauvoo, Illinois.
The Must See Sites
The Sacred Grove
The Sacred Grove is where Joseph Smith, the founder of the LDS Church, saw the Father and the Son in the spring of 1820. The grove is a peaceful and beautiful place that is open to visitors year-round. Standing in the Sacred Grove, surrounded by the natural beauty of the area, it’s easy to imagine the young Joseph Smith having his life-changing vision.
The Kirtland Temple was built in the 1830s and served as the headquarters of the LDS Church during that time. The temple is an impressive structure that still stands today, and it is open for tours. Visitors can see the beautiful stained glass windows, the intricate woodwork, and the unique architecture of the temple. The Kirtland Temple is also significant because it is where many of the early revelations and ordinances of the church were received.
Nauvoo, Illinois, was the home of the LDS Church in the 1840s. The city was founded by the Mormons, and it quickly became one of the largest cities in Illinois. The Nauvoo Temple was built during this time, and it was the first temple built in modern times. The temple was destroyed in 1846, but a replica has been built on the original site. Visitors can tour the replica temple and learn about the history of the original temple and the early days of the church.
Bringing History to Life
One of the great things about visiting these historic sites is that it allows you to connect with the people who lived during these times. It’s easy to read about Joseph Smith, Brigham Young, or other early church leaders, but visiting their homes, their temples, and their places of worship brings their stories to life. You can walk in their footsteps and see the places where they lived, worked, and prayed. This creates a powerful connection that is difficult to replicate in any other way.
In addition to the historic sites themselves, there are many other things to see and do in the areas surrounding them. Palmyra, for example, is a beautiful small town that has many interesting shops and restaurants. Kirtland is a suburb of Cleveland, and there are many museums and other attractions in the area. Nauvoo is a charming town that is full of history and interesting architecture. All of these places offer visitors a chance to learn more about the history of the church and the people who lived it.
Take a Tour
A tour of the LDS Church’s historic sites is a journey through the Restoration. It’s a chance to learn about the faith and the people who have helped shape it. It’s an opportunity to see history come alive and to connect with the past in a powerful way. Whether you’re a member of the LDS Church or simply someone who is interested in history and religion, a tour of these sites is an experience that you won’t forget.
If you’re interested in visiting the LDS Church’s historic sites, there are many resources available to help you plan your trip. The church’s website has information about each of the sites, as well as suggestions for lodging, transportation, and other activities in the area. There are also many tour companies that specialize in LDS Church history tours, and they can help you plan a trip that is tailored to your interests and needs.
In conclusion, a tour of the LDS Church’s historic sites is a unique and rewarding experience that everyone should consider at some point in their life. It’s an opportunity to learn about the faith and the people who have helped shape it, and it’s a chance to connect with the past in a powerful way. So if you’re looking for an educational and inspiring journey, consider taking a tour of these historic sites. You won’t regret it.…


Production of heroic movies in Indonesia for the last 10 years has been varied both from its quantity and quality. Some of them depict about the prominent national heroes such as “Soekarno (1st president of Indonesia)“, “Guru Bangsa (Statesman from Islamic Figure): Tjokroaminoto”, “Jenderal (General) Soedirman”, and there is also an animated heroic movie titled “Battle of Surabaya”.
It is been quite long or exactly 67 years since the first time of heroic movie production in Indonesia. The movie called ‘Darah dan Do’a‘ (Indonesian for Blood and Prayer, released internationally as The Long March) was the initial heroic as well as the earliest national movie. It was fully produced by Indonesian people and directed by the ‘Indonesian Movie Pioneer’, Usmar Ismail, in 1950.
A year afterward, in 1951, Usmar Ismail directed another heroic movie which was also the second national movie labeled “Enam Djam di Jogja” (Perfected Spelling: Enam Jam di Yogya, literally “Six Hours in Yogya”). This black-and-white movie portrays the victorious moment of “Serangan Umum (SU) 1 Maret 1949 di Yogyakarta (The General Offensive on 1st March 1949 in Yogyakarta)” as its background story.
“Six Hours in Djogja“ has been dubbed as the most genuine movie which shows SU accurately, so far. Viewers are provided with the movie opening lines that states about its main purpose as the realistic illustration of firm cooperation among Indonesian citizens, soldiers, and government officers in sustaining independence since 1945.
Therefore, there is no superior character from the movie “Six Hours in Djogja“ . Indeed, this movie tends to reveal the more convincing situation from Indonesian people – in this case, societies in Yogyakarta – when the Dutch military officers ferociously tried to occupy Indonesia once more after its independence proclamation in 1945.
From my point of view, although it is still black-and-white film, its scenario and acting performance of the casts of “Six Hours in Djogja” are as well-qualified as modern cinemas nowadays. It is worthy to notice, this movie had been produced just less than a decade (6 years) since Indonesia acquired its independence in 1945.
Even so, all those constraints in Indonesia as newly independent country, along with the Second Military Assault from the Dutch in 1948, did not hinder patriotic spirit of Indonesian movie makers. Heroic struggle undoubtedly can be done in many various ways, including by means of the national movies.
It used to be widely known, SU in 1st March 1949 in Yogyakarta – back then it was the capital city of Indonesia after some national leaders in Jakarta had been exiled by the Dutch – was regularly identified as the patronizing role of Suharto (Indonesia 2nd president). In reality, the victorious movement of SU in 1st March 1949 was also broadly backed up by the former King of Yogyakarta, Sultan Hamengkubowono (HB) IX who was named on that movie as Mataram XII.
The Dutch also kept broadcasting through all over the world that – as if – as Indonesia was no more than a history record after Yogyakarta had been occupied during the Second Military Assault from the Dutch in 1948. For that reason, SU in 1st March 1949 showed the world that Indonesia still existed and it always is like that for good.
The movie “Six Hours in Djogja” has a plot about some ordinary citizens who kept on surviving for their life in Yogyakarta at some point of the Dutch reinvasion. They were Mochtar (a journalist), Hadi (a male soldier), Endang (a female soldier), and Wiwiek (Hadi’s little sister). The four of them devotedly tried their best to inspire people around them to endlessly stick to their nationalism, albeit the economic hard time.
Apparently, at some stage in physical struggle, there were quite many Indonesian people who perished their patriotic spirit due to financial pressure. The movie character named Sutedjo (‘Ted’ was his nickname) chose to join the Dutch military service (NICA) and even worse, persuaded other people to follow his cunning way. Ted was an antagonist (or maybe a materialistic opportunist?) who proclaimed himself as a nationalist at heart, but a realist in daily life by enlisting NICA. From Ted’s point of view, more often than not, war merely benefited the leaders. In the real life, it was commoner who had to deal with warfare harsh conditions, as well as himself.
Hadi’s family was inevitably pressured by economic hardship. His father wanted to work over in the Dutch company so the family could live more affordable life. Yet, that idea was strongly opposed by Hadi’s mother and Wiwiek. “What would Hadi say when he found out that his father worked for the opponent?!” the wife retorted.
And that’s where the conflict began. Endang and Wiwiek, who worked daily as restaurant waitresses while quietly led double life as secret agents for Indonesian soldier, found themselves had entangled in complicated romance through war period.
Endang, who was sterner than Wiwiek, could not hide her disgust toward Mochtar. It was caused by the fact that Mochtar was often seen together with Ted. Meanwhile, at that time, most of the Indonesian press officers were Republiken or Indonesian loyalists.
For Wiwiek’s love story, her soft heart was torn between hope and reality. She secretly admired Djono, her colleague at restaurant and also fellow warrior. On the contrary, Ted relentlessly pursued her and offered her father an assured job from the Dutch circle.
The movie “Six Hours in Djogja” also gives a picture of SU 1st March 1949 tactical role in fostering people’s trust to national army that had been over and over again threatened by the Dutch soldier. Such as Ted, that enjoyed his role as the beck and hand of Dutch military troops.
So, how’s the ending of all those intriguing plots? Could all the characters gain their own happy ending or vice versa? One thing for sure, the most significant point from that movie is the triumphant struggle of national army which was largely supported by Indonesian community and government in SU 1st March 1949.
As its viewer, I’ve got some mind-blowing fact on the most valid condition of Indonesian people through war period. In spite of their unarmed state, Indonesian women still carried their noteworthy contribution. Other than Endang and Wiwiek, there were other female casts who wholeheartedly supported Indonesian soldiers.
For instance, Hadi’s mother regularly supplied the food and shelters for the national army, although they were not Hadi’s subordinates. Mochtar’s mother even lost her husband who had been shot by Ted and his underlings when her house was ambushed by the Dutch before SU 1st March 1949 took place.
The movie “Six Hours in Djogja” also boldly conveys “United We Stand, Divide We Fall”. Hadi, as the commander, repeatedly instructed his troops to act according to instruction from the higher rank military officer, including Suharto (also famous as ‘Pak/Sir Harto’) who was still ranked as Colonel Lieutenant.
Besides that, the common knowledge that the stability of economic and financial must be the first priority in every government administration in order to achieve the prosper nation is indisputable. Many Indonesian people could not stand anymore and gave up with war atrocity then changed their heart like Ted.
Maybe the only down side of “Six Hours in Djogja” movie is its dim color and vague sounds. Indonesian government really needs to restore that movie physical quality so it can be watched by younger generation in many years ahead.
I also found it was hard to match the casts’ real names and their characters’ names. Both in the movie opening and closing title – also in Wikipedia – only list their factual names (they’re R.d. Ismail, Del Juzar, Aedy Moward, Agus Muljono, dan M. Sani) without mentioning their movie roles.
For you who are into patriotic movies and also the fans of colorless cinema, “Six Hours in Djogja” is highly recommended for watching. Click this link to watch it from Youtube or to download it furthermore. Based on my experience, it was an impressive moment. Happy watching! Fighting!
Note: This Bahasa version can be read by clicking this link from Kompasiana.com. Both the Bahasa and English version are my original blog articles.


A small selection of work created by Bürçin Özizmir, Deniz Çiftçi and Nursen Eren during a 'Narrative Photography' workshop organized in April 2022 was on view in Foça at Todo Restaurant between 2-15 March 2023. About 15 people attended the workshop led by photographer Mert Çakır. The workshop included theoretical and practical activities. Thanks to Mert and to the archaeologists who led workshop participants around the Athena Temple dig site and the Ottoman Cemetery. For more information about upcoming workshops, make sure to follow us on Facebook and Instagram.


Abner Adams Family History
In 1789, Deacon John Adams arrived in "Bloomfield Colony" with his wife, Chloe Rose Adams. Deacon John, after serving in the Revolutionary war, arrived as a cattleman from Alford, Mass. As years passed, John was recognized as the "Father of Bloomfield Colony."
The eighth child born to the Adams Family on March 15, 1772 was Abner Adams. Abner married Hannah Rowley on October 4, 1798 and raised 6 children. December 7, 1795 Abner bought 100 acres of land from his sister and brother-in-law, Chloe and Ephraim Reu. This was not officially recorded until January 15, 1811 when Abner purchased an additional 55 1/2 acres. Abner built "The Abner Adams House" circa 1810. He made his living through farming and helped to co-found the "Farmers Store Co-op," later named "The Trading Post." The remains of which can be viewed on Main Street, Bloomfield today.
It is believed that this house was built some where around 1810 – 1812. Bricks were made in Bloomfield as early as 1804, so it is assumed that the house was made of local material. The brick walls are 8" thick. The Masons who built the house were JAS. Merrit, along with Enock and Smith Wilcox. The house sits on a hill with its formal front facade overlooking Main Street. The front facade is symmetrical with twelve over twelve windows on either side of the entrance.
The center rear hall of the home contains an open, pine staircase, very simple in design, with plain balusters, and a plain oak newel post. The staircase ascends to a small landing with steep steps to the right, leading to a bedroom, and steep steps to the left, which enter the second-story hall. The staircase surrounding the second floor is unique for its time because it is free standing, with no pillars for support.
The interior of the home features 6 original fireplaces. Three on the first floor, two on the second floor and a second cooking fireplace with a beehive oven in the basement.
Abner Adams and the Erie Canal
In 1835, Abner sold his home to his son Myron and moved to a location west of Rochester where he became a contractor in the construction of a portion of the Erie Canal. The town where they settled would later be named Adams Basin in his honor.
Hannah Adams' brother, Josiah Rowley, also became an important canal contractor, responsible for the famous engineering accomplishment called "The Great Embankment" in Bushnells Basin.
Samuel Hopkins Adams (1871-1958) Born-Dunkirk, N.Y., died Beaufort (Battery Creek), S.C.
Samuel Hopkins Adams was the great, great, grandson of Deacon John Adams, great, grandson of Abner Adams, grandson of Myron Adams, and son of the Rev. Myron and Rose Adams. Samuel was a 5th generation Adams family graduate of Hamilton College. Samuel would be known to have started the football program at the college prior to graduating in 1891 and would then go on to become a writer for the New York Sun and publish many well-known novels and movie titles of the early 1900s. Among his novels were "Canal Town," "Banner by the Wayside," "Grandfather Stories" (written on stories told by Grandfather Myron Adam), "Widow Beebe" (about Grandfather Myron's second wife), "Sunrise to sunset," "A. Woollcott," and "Plunder." Samuel, who was very appreciative of the qualities of the City of Rochester, is known for founding School #3 in the city.
Four of Samuel Hopkins Adams books can be read and admired while you stay at the Abner Adams House Bed and Breakfast.
The Bed and Breakfast
In December of 2005, the Dobbersteins became the 18th owners of the Abner Adams House. Bob and Lynda opened the Abner Adams House Bed and Breakfast June 4th, 2006, featuring 3 1/2 beautiful, open and wooded, acres of land.
The home offers modern, comfortable amenities for guests, while maintaining the 200-year-old integrity of the home. Bathrooms were added, providing guests with their own private bathrooms. The house is structured so that the guests have full use of the Dining Room and Keeping Room without having to share with the Innkeepers (the Innkeepers have separate living quarters).
A truly American bed and breakfast with lots of guest privacy and lots of space to enjoy. Guests do not feel the need to stay in their room-they're likely to spend time in the Keeping Room while reading the daily newspapers or watching movies, or sitting on the porches or walking the trails, enjoying the quiet.
Scores of satisfied guests have visited the Abner Adams House from Alaska to Great Britain to Australia. We have had many returning guests, and guests who have extended their stay. Bloomfield offers the perfect location for a destination vacation. We are within 30 minutes of Rochester, Canandaigua, and the Wine Trails. There is so much to do and see from the Abner Adams House Bed and Breakfast.
Abner Adams Family
In 1789, Deacon John Adams and his wife Chloe Rose Adams settled in 'Bloomfield Colony.' The Adams had five sons and six daughters.
Abner Adams, the eighth child of Deacon John and Chloe Adams. Born March 15, 1772 in Alford, Mass. and died December 18, 1847, Adams Basin, N.Y.
On October 4, 1798, Abner married Hannah Rowley, born March 15, 1777 in Berkshire, Mass. and died September 16, 1849, Adams Basin, NY.
Abner and Hannah's children:
In the 1820s, Sophie opened a widely recognized Select School for Girls at the present Abner Adams House
Abner Adams House, History of ownership
- Circa 1789 property owned by Ephrian and Chloe Reu
- 1795 - Abner Adams purchases 100 acres
- 1810 - Abner Adams House started
- 1811- Abner Adams purchases 55 1/2 additional acres (First official Recording of property transactions)
- 1835 – Myron Adams (son of Abner)
- 1871 – Samuel Stafford
- 1887 – Orchestra Stafford
- 1907 – Belle Stafford (archive photo)
- 1921 – Herbert Howard
- 1938 – Holden Howard
- 1939 – Alfred and Arlene Dahl
- 1943 – Douglas and Elizabeth Morton
- 1950 – Fenton and Jean Hamilton
- 1951 – Horace and Mary Lash
- 1955 – Langden and Ellen Clay
- 1959 – Harold and Helen Hale
- 1964 – David and Carlene Lankton
- 1978 – Joseph Calnan
- 1979 – Neil and Janet McEachren
- 1986 – Gavin (Corky) and Mary Lee Strakosh
- 2005 – Robert G. and Lynda Dobberstein (Abner Adams House B&B)


Posted by WARREN MOSLER on March 26th, 2010
From the articles of Confederation, March 1st, 1781.
We had the right tax, but the wrong way to implement it:
All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defense or general welfare, and allowed by the United States in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several States in proportion to the value of all land within each State, granted or surveyed for any person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as the United States in Congress assembled, shall from time to time direct and appoint.
The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several States within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled.


The charming village of Sovana is about 10 kms. from Pitigliano, and is an absolutely essential part of Maremma hills itinerary for every tourist.
Tombs dating back to the VII century B.C. are testimony to the presence of small groups of shepherds and farmers, perhaps some of the first inhabitants of these areas. The Etruscan Necropolis surrounding the village, despite the fact that is does not cover an extensive area, is quite unique of its kind, in view of the number of different tombs that can be visited.
The village extends along a main internal road and which has on one end the ruins of the rock and at the other, the Cathedral. Piazza del Pretorio is at the heart of the village centre, onto which most of the important buildings face: The Archives, the Captain’s Loggia, the Bourbon Palace and the Church of Santa Maria. This church is a little jewel, very small and quite unique in its beauty. The church probably dates back to the XII-XIII centuries. The inside of the church is divided into three naves of mostly Roman but it also has kept several gothic elements.
The Cathederal of SS. Pietro and Paolo, in all its splendour, is at the end of the village. It is the most important monument in Sovana and is reached via a road flanked with cypresses. It was built on an existing church from which the marble archway and the old crypt remain. The actual structure, by its architecture and decoration, would appear to be from the XI-XII centuries.


Step back in time and witness all things Medieval at the annual Abbey Medieval Festival. This is the world's biggest, most authentic, annual medieval re-enactment in the southern hemisphere, a truly immersive medieval experience that transports festival-goers back to the days of kings, Vikings, fair maidens, knights and peasants and has been hosted in the Moreton Bay Region since 1988.
Watch as brave knights take to the lists in the joust, be captivated by the hypnotic belly dancers in action, meander through the 70 medieval-inspired market stalls, pick up medieval skills at one of the workshops for artisans or tradesmen, visit the camps to learn first-hand how medieval people traveled, lived and interacted as family and tribal groups, among much more immersive fun.
After a two year hiatus due to COVID-19 restrictions, The Abbey Medieval Festival will return on 9th and 10th July! Mark your calendar, share the news with your friends and stay tuned for more details to be released soon!
What to Expect
- Authentic medieval jousting
- Medieval encampments of Vikings, Ottoman Turks, Medieval Knights and more
- Medieval demonstrations – dog training, sword skills, falconry, Turkish oil wrestling and much more
- Medieval re-enactments – castle sieges, Gregorian chants, historical combat, a 14th century knighting ceremony (held Tournament Eve Friday at Abbey Church) and more
- A medieval banquet (SOLD OUT)
- New re-enactment villages (Crusader quarter and redesigned Dark Ages)
- New Choosing of the Champions will take place during the closing ceremony
- Archery competitions
- Artisan and tradesman workshops
- Fashion parades and costume competitions for adults and children
- Authentic Food and drink stalls
- Roving performers
- Medieval music and bands
- Kids entertainment – jugglers, puppetry, storytelling and much more
- Entertainment across the following venues - Stag Inn, The Common, Pageant Wagon, Castle Arena, Joust Arena, Kids’ Kingdom, Wrestling pit, and Abbey Church/Museum
- Arts, crafts, gowns, garlands, armour and weaponry stalls and displays
- ATM and toilet facilities are available (yes - there are some perks to celebrating all things Medieval in the 'modern-day'
When: Saturday 9th July and Sunday 10th July
Abbeystowe gates open at 8:30am both days
Where: Abbey Museum of Art and Archaeology, 1 – 63 The Abbey Place (off Toorbul Point Road), Caboolture
Who: All ages (family-friendly event)
Getting there: Free buses operate from Caboolture Train Station and on-site car parking is available.
Tickets: Various ticketing packages are available, view options here - https://abbeymedievalfestival....
More information: Contact Abbey Medieval Museum on 5495 1652, or email email@example.com
Stay up to date with the festival developments by checking the Abbey Medieval Festival Facebook page.
Program subject to change


- The first generations computers used Vacuum Tube or Diode Valve.
- The first generations computers works on the machine language i.e. all working is done with 0 and 1.
- The first generation computers used magnetic drums or punch card for storage the data.
- The first generation computers is too large in size so too difficult to transport for one palace to another.
- The first generation computers consumes too much electricity.
- Example of first generation computers: UNIVAC, ENIAC
First Computer Generation
The first computer comes since 1946 named ENIAC. ENIAC stand for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator. ENIAC invented by J.P.Eckert and J.W.Mauchiy. The characteristic of first computer generation is as following:


World Federation of Journalists and Travel Writers (FIJET)’s 58th congress was held in Moscow from 22nd till 27thSeptember with a Post Tour to a very interesting city Kazan, and organized by “INTOURIST”, Tour Operator designated by Moscow Tourism Department. More than 150 participants coming from 27 countries from different parts of the world had the opportunity to experiment the culture and traditions of Russia.
Moscow is one of the most attractive destinations to discover in Europe, disclosing a great history and patrimony. The city is holding big events of resounding success, and will be hosting The 2018 FIFA World Cup where is being accommodated with a huge stadium to receive football players and lovers.
Moscow the mesmerizing capital of Russia is the heaven on earth unfolding tremendous and opulent patrimony:
St Basil’s Cathedral
The Kremlin: Inextricably linked to crucial and vital historical and political events in Russia since the 13th century, the Kremlin is overlooking the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil’s Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and the Alexander Garden to the west. The Kremlin and Red Square are in the heart of the City Center, and recognized as symbol of the Russian state.
The Kremlin was the residence of the Tsars, and the center of spiritual life of the state, nowadays is the official residence of the supreme power President of Russia. It enclosed an ensemble of monuments and cathedrals of outstanding decorations.
church of the Assumption
church of the annunciation
The Red square: separates the Kremlin, from a historic merchant rectangular stretch of cobblestones, surrounded by architectural marvels, is an imposing sight. It evokes an incredible sense of awe to stroll across a place where so much of Russian history unfolded.
– St Basil’s Cathedral: At the southern end of Red Square, framed by the massive facades of the Kremlin and GUM, stands the icon of Russia: St Basil’s Cathedral. This crazy confusion of colours, patterns and shapes is the culmination of a style that is unique to Russian architecture. Before St Basil’s, this style of tent roofs and onion domes had been used to design wooden churches.
Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
Cathedral of Christ the Saviour: Designed by architect K. Thon from St. Petersburg located on picturesque Alexeyevsky hill opposite to Kremlin. The building of the Savior Cathedral was in line with the ancient tradition of Moscow whose skyline has always been dominated exclusively by Orthodox churches. The gleaming of its gold dome and cupolas was seen in the suburbs, dozens of miles away from the city. Like a mythological bird Phoenix the cathedral was resurrected from ashes, after being demolished by Bolsheviks in 1931,and has been restored to its original splendor and looks exactly like its historical prototype. On August 19, 2000 it was consecrated, and turned into a major Christian center of the country. Its central Dome and four smaller subsidiary cupolas (used for ringing bells) symbolized our lord Jesus Christ surrounded by the four Evangelists. The four facades are decorated with high reliefs, the main characters portrayed is the Lord, the mother of God and celestial beings who have guarded Russia throughout history.
Kazan: another unforgettable destination located in southwest Russia, on the banks of the Volga and Kazanka rivers. The capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, a semi-autonomous region.
On the high Kazanka river bank rises majestically the main attraction of the city Kazan Kremlin , it is a unique architectural ensemble, an impregnable fortress, the corner stone of which was laid in the XII century, the Kremlin acquired its modern look in 1553. It was built by Russians after Kazan Capture, it encloses the annunciation cathedral, the famous tiered Söyembikäleaning tower. As well as the largest mosque of the republic of Tatarstan – Kul Sharif.
Bolgar state historical and Architectural Museum and Preserve: Bolgar represents the first establishments of today’s Tatar state (Mixture of Mongol and Bolgar citizens) and was intermittently capital of Volga Bulgaria from the 8th to the 15th centuries, where acceptance of Islam took place in 922, now it remains a sacred pilgrimage destination to the Tatar Muslims. The Museum unveils a history curation and exposition of archaeological finds, the site is included in the UNESCO world cultural and natural heritage.
Sviyazhskisland: The Fortress town was built in the forests, transported by the Volga. Located at the picturesque confluence of Sviyaga River with the Volga, on high hill 30 km away from Kazan. In the 13th century, it was known to be the site of Pagan rituals. In 1551 was an orthodox holy site for pilgrims from all Russia for several centuries, attracting many people from various ends of the countries. Now the island is a museum city.
Russia includes more than 23 UNESCO world Heritage Sites, enhancing the rapid growth of the tourism industry, first inner tourism and then international tourism as well. Being endowed with Rich cultural heritage and great natural variety, Russia is placed among the most popular tourist destinations in the world. It was very successful trip that should be repeated very soon.
Therese E. Tawile
Bolgar State -Kazan


A lot has happened since we opened our doors in 1853. Fashion trends and fads have come and gone. And some have come and gone again. And while a lot has changed in the last 170 years, one thing has not: our commitment to the people, businesses, and communities we serve.
Today we’re among the region’s most innovative banks, with the products, services and technology people expect from bigger banks, delivered by people who have a genuine interest in our customers’ success. It's stepping up. Standing out. And pitching in. After all, we're only successful when our customers and communities are successful.
Some might call our approach old-fashioned. To us, it’s What Better Banking’s All About.
Westfield Bank's original headquarters was shared with First National Bank on Elm Street south of our current corporate office. Westfield Bank was known as "Savings Bank Upstairs." The first depositor was Horace E. Roberts of West Springfield and 13 savings accounts were created on our opening day.
James Fowler served as the President of Westfield Bank.
Westfield Bank outgrows its original headquarters and moves to the corner of Elm and Arnold Street in Westfield, MA. This is the current site of the Westfield Gas and Electric Building.
Our second branch office opens on Elm Street in West Springfield, MA. Today, we have 25 branches across western Massachusetts and northern Connecticut with a Commercial Lending Center in Springfield, MA.
We began our first School Savings Program, first in West Springfield and then in Agawam.
Joseph A. Chadbourne became President of Westfield Bank.
Westfield Bank opens its Park Street Branch
Our first drive-up opens September of 1960 at our Arnold Street location. We continue to focus on customer convenience with online and mobile banking and weekend hours at many branch offices.
Arthur Knapp became the 15th President of the Bank and COO. He was recognized as the first full-time President of the bank and serving longer than any previous bank Presidents.
Our corporate offices and main branch at 141 Elm Street in Westfield opens.
Westfield Bank opens its Agawam Branch.
Our first computer is purchased. Today, Westfield Bank offers the latest technology to make banking more efficient and convenient.
The Arnold Street Branch opens its doors (Westfield).
Westfield Bank celebrates its 125th anniversary with every employee of the bank dressing in traditional 1853 period clothing.
Don Williams became the Chairman, CEO and President of Westfield Bank.
Westfield Bank opens its Northside Branch (Westfield).
Westfield Bank opens its Southwick Branch.
Our East Longmeadow Branch opens its doors.
Westfield Bank opens its first branch in Springfield (Tower Square Branch).
Westfield Bank took its first steps to become a fully public company. Assets exceed $1 billion for the first time.
Westfield Bank opened its Holyoke Branch.
Jim Hagan becomes President of Westfield Bank. Don Williams remains Board Chair and CEO.
Westfield Bank's East Main Street Branch Opens (Westfield).
Don Williams retires as CEO, and remains as Board Chair of Westfield Bank. Jim Hagan becomes CEO and President.
Photographed is Thomas J. Howard Jr (left) Arthur Knapp (middle) and Don Williams (right).
Our Feeding Hills Branch opens its doors.
Our Loan Center on Elm Street in Westfield opens to meet the increased demand for consumer loans and residential mortgages.
Westfield Bank's Granby, Connecticut branch opens, marking the first Westfield Bank office in the Constitution State.
Westfield Bank's Enfield location opens.
Our Technology Center opens on Chapel Street in Westfield.
Chicopee Savings Bank merges with and into Westfield Bank, resulting in 22 branch offices and $2.1 billion in assets.
Don Williams retires after serving 40 years with Westfield Bank.
Westfield Bank opens its second branch in Springfield (Liberty Street).
Lisa G. McMahon is appointed as the first female chairperson of the Western New England Bancorp Board of Directors.
Westfield Bank's Huntington location opens February of 2020.
Westfield Bank's Bloomfield, Connecticut Office opens July of 2020.
The West Hartford Financial Services Center opens as our fourth Connecticut office and twenty-fifth overall.
Westfield Bank opens its relocated branch in Granby, Connecticut.
Westfield Bank celebrates its 170th Anniversary. We had $2.6 billion in assets and $2.2 billion in deposits as of March 31, 2023.


Apple introduced the new iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus and the jubilee iPhone X. How are these different from their predecessors? How many versions are there already? And how did Apple’s iPhone develop over time up to the present day? Here is a simple timeline of the iPhone’s past decade.


On 25 November 2022, College of Allied Educators attended SAC’s 40th anniversary dinner at the Orchid Country Club.
SAC dedicated the night to thanking its past and current presidents and all its members who tirelessly contributed to SAC’s development and success over the last 40 years. Food and drinks were plentiful and delicious, and SAC members and partners were in attendance.
Awards were given out to notable individuals, and Nancy received an award on behalf of Jim Bek, a distinguished member of our Academic and Examination board.
It was a night to remember, with good food, drinks, good company, and an appreciation of the hard work and contributions made over the years.


The Cathedral of St. Stephan in Hvar town (left) stands on the eastern side of the main
square. It was built on the site of an early 6th century church. Present appearance the Cathedral
received in the 16th and 17th century.
The arsenal in Hvar town (right) was built in the 13th century. The theatre was built on the
first floor of the arsenal in 1612. It is one of the oldest in Europe and the first municipal one as well.
The Franciscan monastery in Hvar town (left) was built in 15th century as a retreat for sailors.
Within the monastery there are the artifacts exhibited in the monastery collection which is
also the oldest on the island. It consists of paintings, manuscripts, old coins and incunabula.
Hvar town loggia and a clock tower (right) from the 15th century together are the
only remains of the former Governor's Palace
The Hektorović Palace in Hvar town (left) is one of the finest late Gothic houses. The building
of the Palace started in 1463 and was never completed.


RIYADH: The Hungarian Embassy in Riyadh arranged a reception to rejoice the nationwide day on October 1st. 23.
“This is a nice honor for me to rejoice the anniversary of the Hungarian Revolution along side all distinguished Saudi dignitaries, contributors of the diplomatic corps and buddies of Hungary dwelling and dealing in Saudi Arabia,” the Hungarian Ambassador stated. Balazs Selmeci.
The Ambassador welcomed his esteemed visitors, together with the Ambassadors to the Kingdom of Greece, Austria, Iraq and Palestine.
Riyadh Mayor Prince Faisal bin Abdulaziz bin Mohammed bin Ayyaf Al-Miqrin attended the rite as visitor of honor.
The reception opened with the Saudi and Hungarian nationwide anthems. The Ambassador then gave a speech thanking and stressing the significance of such the most important date within the historical past of Hungary.
“Each and every October, because the fall of communism, we take into accout the 13 superb days of autumn 1956. We pay tribute to the heroes of the Hungarian rebellion who antagonistic the oppressive communist regime,” he stated.
“In 1996, we established diplomatic members of the family with Saudi Arabia, and during the last 26 years we now have laid the principles of our bilateral members of the family in keeping with mutual political consider,” Selmeci stated.
All through his speech, the Ambassador informed the tale of Gyula Germanus, a Hungarian professor of Oriental research, MP and creator who sparked members of the family with the Kingdom within the mid-1930s.
“Prof. Germanus – after his conversion as a Muslim, Julius Abdulkarim Germanus – used to be the primary Hungarian Muslim to accomplish Hajj in Mecca in 1935. He now not handiest carried out Hajj, however even won permission to research the Black Stone, as he used to be as soon as a greater pupil of geology,” the ambassador stated.
“Our Hungarian orientalist already established touch with our Saudi buddies in 1936, about 100 years in the past. Sure, our diplomatic members of the family are handiest 26 years outdated, however the members of the family between the 2 international locations, particularly the pleasant members of the family between the 2 international locations, (are) a couple of century outdated,” he stated.
On the time, Germanus used to be a visitor within the royal tent of the past due King Abdulaziz and wrote a ebook about his travels within the holy land.
“He used to be one of the crucial few Europeans who at the moment may provide to the sector the real identification and great thing about Saudi Arabia, for which all of us pay homage and salute him,” the ambassador stated.
Selmeci wired the significance of amassing different ambassadors and public figures of the Kingdom to rejoice this instance.
In 2014, the Hungarian Embassy arranged the primary Arab-Hungarian Industry Discussion board in Riyadh with the participation of 150 nationwide corporations. In 2023, they’re making ready for the fourth consultation of the Hungarian-Saudi Joint Financial Fee.
During the Joint Hungarian-Saudi Financial Fee, the Ambassador hopes to look Hungarian corporations running within the Kingdom to give a contribution to Imaginative and prescient 2030.


The building of the “Old University” (Alte Universität in German) dates back to the beginning of the University of Basel in 1460. Nowadays, the various faculties of the University are dispersed throughout Basel. From 1935 through 1962, Karl Barth held seminars at the Old University building on Rheinsprung.
Alte Universität, Hörsaal -101 (one level below the entrance)
Rheinsprung 9, CH-4051 Basel


MEKNES DAY TRIP VIA VOLUBILIS AND SACRED TOWN OF MOULAY IDRISS ZERHOUN
A day trip will take us to the beautiful city of Meknes which was the capital of Morocco under the reign of Moulay Ismail (1672–1727) before it was relocated to Marrakech. Meknes was named after a Berber tribe “Miknasa” which inhabited the area during the time of the Idrissid dynasty. Then we will visit the ancient Roman ruins of Volubilis which is a partly excavated Berber and Roman city in Morocco situated near the city of Meknes, and commonly considered as the ancient capital of the kingdom of Mauretania.
TOUR INFORMATION :
DAY TRIP PRICE TO INCLUDE :
- Transportation in a private touristic vehicle with driver and fuel
- Local Guide in Meknes and Volubilis
- Entrance fees for Volubilis and the historical sites in Meknes
DAY TRIP PRICE TO EXCLUDE :
Departure TimePlease be ready at 8:15 AM for a prompt departure at 8:30 AM.
Return TimeApproximately 6:30 PM of the last day
Dress CodeCasual, comfortable athletic clothing, hiking shoes, hat and light jacket.
IncludedMEKNES DAY TRIP VIA VOLUBILIS AND SACRED TOWN OF MOULAY IDRISS ZERHOUN


It is impossible to speak of tea without speaking of England. The country’s history with the noble beverage goes as far back as 1600. In that year the British East India Co. was granted a charter and the quest for tea was on. The drink quickly took Britain by storm and over the centuries, countless blends were developed to cater to the tea loving populace. We’re pleased to offer a large collection of the best of these created using centuries old insider recipes.


Centri Sociali di Milano
Photographs and booklet documenting
Social Centres of Milano
Self-managed occupied social centers took root successfully in the 1970s. The movement began in Milan with Leoncavallo in 1975, an old large factory of chemical pharmaceutical products that was occupied and transformed in 1978. Gentrification being a problem taking over all of Europe Elisa decided to look into these non-profit centers to see if they were still in use and what developments have happened in the latest years.
After initially being welcomed with some skepticism, the people opened up and she found a wonderful community of different centers and buildings, seemingly abandoned and run down, decorated creatively and still being used for disparate activities: ranging from local occupations, markets, arts and music events or networks for refugees, such as an anti-racist, anti-sexism gyms and Italian lessons.


On Friday, October 15, 2021 – a few representatives of the KAC Board of Directors attended the ribbon cutting ceremony for Kentucky’s first school of Chiropractic at Campbellsville University in Harrodsburg, KY. This was a historical event and the KAC was proud to attend in support of the new school. The school has been a 5-year process in the making that included changes to the chiropractic practice act to allow for students to adjust in the state of Kentucky.
In attendance included Dr. Dennis Short, Campbellsville University associate vice president for chiropractic education; Dr. Trevor Foshang, Campbellsville University dean of chiropractic education; Max Wise, Kentucky state senator; Kim King, Kentucky state representative; Daniel Cameron, Kentucky attorney general; Mike Harmon, Kentucky state auditor; Jacqueline Coleman, Kentucky lieutenant governor among others.
To watch the full ribbon cutting ceremony, check out Campbellsville University’s facebook post here!
Below are a few images from Dr. Steve Hannegan


48" x 60"
(121.9 x 152.4 cm)
I first visited the hillside in Southern France topped with the
remains of three 12th C. windmills, there was an air of desolation
about the broken cross beams of their sails. The next time I climbed
the dusty road to the top, the repair had begun and the fabric of the
was filled with the wind. The last red poppies were fading and
there was a newness about this hill which had watched over the route of
centuries of pilgrims making their way to Santiago de Compostela in
Spain. It was a day to linger.
|All words, paintings and images copyright ©1998- Annette Adams Bush.


Bharatiya Janseva Sansthan came into existence in the year 1986.The orgainisation was
founded by the personalities driven with the spirit of Social accountability, national
development for upliftment of the marginaised in this civilisation of millions year
old.Late Shri Rajeshwar jI,Late.Shri Mohanlal Joshi and some of their equal minded
colleagues gifted with indomitable will gave birth to their brainchild,Bhartiya Janseva
The visionary founders were always at pains because even after 40 years of independence the social maladies like ignorance, Superstitions, Untouchability , Poverty , Illiteracy persisted in Indian society. These negative vibes in their valued observations were solely responsible for creation of barriers in the path of visible development and growth of national development despite Government’s sincere efforts towards eradication of backwardness.
The men who shaped the road map of this organisation were deeply connected to the roots. They possessed decades of experience of realising the ground realities faced by Indian society by visiting nooks and corner of the sub continent with a mission of community development activities.
he founding fathers of the organisation had rationally understood that the social fabric and national integration are rudimental of Development of any nation. They opined that both social fabric and national integration were severely impacted by narrow minded opinion leaders. Identities like caste, creed, language, region along with religion had a shadow over the national spirit as well as togetherness of the citizens.
Besides that backwardness of country is also a blessing in disguise for vested interest groups was undeniable truth for the men behind this noble mission. The thinkers while visualizing the necessity of such an organisation of self less mission also very much practically observed that poor, illiterate inhabitants of hilly and in accessible areas are needed to be brought back into mainstream of development.
Hence since its inception the Organisation is functioning with pro active commitment for integral development of underprivileged ones as well as saving society and culture from decaying.


The Spot Restaurant made its beginnings from a man named Spot Miller. In 1907, Spot brought his chuckwagon into town and set-up business at the corner of Court Street and Ohio Avenue. The city would not allow him to sell meals this way. His solution was to remove the wheels, and add some awnings to create a permanent structure.
Spot Miller owned the restaurant until his retirement in 1913. Joe Cook and Homer Spence purchased the restaurant for $5,000. It then became known as Cook’s Spot. Spence sold his interest in the restaurant to Ray Anderson in 1915, and together they started a chain of “Spot to Eat” restaurants in Athens, Urbana, Lima, and Bellefontaine, Ohio. Only the Sidney Spot continues to operate. One of the specials from the 1920’s lists “28 burgers for $1.00”! In 1946, Anderson got out of the business and on July 1, 1950 Robert Hepler became the new owner. Under Hepler, the restaurant grew to include catering and steak sales, which continue to this day. On February 1, 1980, Robert and Barbara Eilert became the new owners of the Spot. The restaurant and catering business continued to grow under their ownership including exclusive catering rights at The Oaks Club banquet facility at Shelby Oaks Golf Course, and a new catering kitchen being constructed at 207 S. Ohio Avenue. On January 1, 1999, Barry Eilert and Michael Jannides became the new owners of The Spot Restaurant. On May 1, 2002, Michael Jannides became the sole owner of The Spot Restaurant.
The Chuckwagon was the restaurant between 1907 and 1934. In 1934, a more permanent building was erected at the Court and Ohio location. That structure was destroyed by a fire on New Year’s Eve in 1940. After its remodeling in 1941, the current facility is a fine example of the streamlined Art Moderne architectural style with its smooth, unornamented wall surface faced with gleaming white porcelain tile. A mid-century modern neon sign still hanging over the front door is still the Spot trademark. The inside of the restaurant has been remodeled approximately 25 times over the years. The last major renovation occurred in 1976 giving the restaurant it’s current layout. The restaurant has been featured on the cover of the March 1994 issue of Ohio Magazine, and by Ann Heller, food critic of the Dayton Daily News, in their Go! Section on September 27, 1996.


The familiar figure of Mother Goose is an imaginary author of a collection of fairy tales and nursery rhymes, which are often published as Mother Goose Rhymes. As a character, she appears in one “nursery rhyme”. A Christmas pantomime called Mother Goose is often performed in the United Kingdom. The so-called “Mother Goose” rhymes and stories have formed the basis for many classic British pantomimes. Mother Goose is generally depicted in literature and book illustration as an elderly countrywoman in a tall hat and shawl, a costume identical to the peasant costume worn in Wales in the early 20th century, but is sometimes depicted as a goose (usually wearing a bonnet).
If you told an alien that our country – BRAZIL - is capable of producing jet planes, like EMBRAER, but does not have even one national car manufacturer, do you think he would believe you? He would probably think that you were telling him a tale of Mother Goose.
Nevertheless, we had one, GURGEL, but it went bankrupt.
Gurgel was the brand name of Gurgel Motores S/A, a Brazilian car manufacturer, named after its founder João do Amaral Gurgel. The company was founded in 1969. Early models were fiberglass bodies installed on Volkswagen Beetle chassis and machinery, but VW bodies and chassis were later replaced by a unique solution made of Plasteel - which consists on fiberglass and steel joined together, a system patented by Gurgel. Gurgel also introduced Brazil’s first fully domestically designed and manufactured car, the BR-800.
The Ipanema was the first car produced by Gurgel. The next model was the first commercial success of the brand: the Xavante. Its production started in 1973, being the first car of Gurgel developed using the PLASTEEL system, which proved to be very resistant, under corrosive environments, and mechanically very strong - deforming temporarily but not smashing under pressure or shocks. Xavante also had a feature called SELECTRACTION, a system where two individual hand-brakes were installed next to the driver, for each one of the rear wheels: in a situation of low-traction environment, it could be used to stop a free-spinning wheel and move the power to the other one, allowing the driver to restore traction to the ground and to move along. The later X-12 model was the biggest commercial success of the brand.
In 1974, the Itaipu was a pioneer project of an electric vehicle. It was developed to be a strict urban car for short distances. However, due to the limited technology of the batteries available then, the project was halted.
In 1980, another electric vehicle was conceived, called Itaipu E400: it was a van, still designed for urban travels, but having better autonomy and still a remarkable mileage. It was also available with a gasoline engine, the “G-800” model.
In 1979, the X-15 was released. It was a van for 7 passengers, or 2 passengers plus 500 kg of load. A derived model, the G-15L, could carry 1metric ton of load, and had a 70 liter gasoline tank - which could be extended to 140 liters, with an additional tank.
At that time, business where going quite well: Gurgel was the first exporter in special vehicles, and the second in production and amount, in the years of 1977 and 1978.
In 1981, the XEF model was developed, having only three front seats. The car was an urban model, with small dimensions both for the passengers and for the baggage.
In 1984, the Carajás model was introduced: it presented the same SELECTRACTION system as Xavante and X-12, but had some special qualities, such as the TTS (Torque Tubing System), used to transfer the power from the engine - on the front of the vehicle - to the transmission - on the rear.
Now, in the 21st century, Brazil does not have one single national car manufacturer. Is the Brazilian automotive industry going forward or backwards? You know the answer. And now you also know why we have the most expensive vehicles among the countries that have an automotive industry.
Have an excellent week.


Sunday, March 09, 2014
Saint Quote: Saint John Ogilvie
If there be here any hidden Catholics, let them pray for me but the prayers of heretics I will not have.
-- Saint John Ogilvie at his execution
Note: Saint John Ogilvie has the distinction of being the Church‘s only officially recorded Scottish martyr during the Reformation.


FEATURED VIDEO : ILLA J "HOME"
ILLA J "7 MILE"
NEW ALBUM FROM ILLA J
MaDukes younger talented son ILLA J announced recently that he’s dropping a new album entitled "Home", on June 30 via Jakarta Records. Along with the announcement, the Detroit rapper shared the project’s first few singles, “Sam Cook", "7 Mile" and "Maureen" a beautiful song dedicated to his mother. All production was completed by up and coming talented producer Calvin Valentine.
For more information please follow
ILLA J on INSTAGRAM
ALBUM ENTITLED 'HOME"
IN STORES NOW
The induction of J Dilla exhibit into the
Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History & Culture
Maureen Yancey donated her late son’s Akai MIDI Production Center 3000 Limited Edition (MPC) and his custom-made Minimoog Voyager synthesizer to the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture. Both the MPC 3000 and synthesizer are on display at the new museum located in the nations capital Washington, DC on the inaugural floor in the permanent music exhibition entitled "Musical Crossroads" at the new National Museum of African American History and Culture.
Inside the Smithsonian's long-awaited National Museum Of African-American History and Culture, you can find two very important artifacts special to hip-hop's legacy.
The J Dilla collection, donated by J Dilla’s mother, Maureen Yancey, includes his custom-made Minamoog Voyager synthesizer, used to create his famous and distinctive beats, and his Akai MIDI Production Center 3000 Limited Edition, a rare piece of equipment, one of only 2,000 units released in 2000 and used as a drum machine. These and other related items used during the late 1990s and early 2000s helped J Dilla leave a mark on hip-hip history.


The Gran Hotel Ciudad de México prides itself on offering attentive service which befits the history and impressive historic décor of our hotel.
If you have any questions or comments about our hotel or would like to know more about area attractions, please don’t hesitate to contact us.
Av. 16 de Septiembre #82, Centro
Del. Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06000
Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico
Tel: +52 (55) 1083 7700


Palestine Flag 3×5 Outdoor – Black, White, Green and Red with Triangle Design
Palestine Flag 3×5 Outdoor – Black, White, Green and Red with Triangle Design Flags Hanging Country National Palestinian Flag with Brass Grommets for Independence Celebration Indoor Home Decorations
- High-Quality Palestine Flag – Crafted from superior polyester material, this flag promises longevity and the maintenance of its vivid colors. Built to brave the elements, its black, white, green, and red hues symbolizing Palestinian heritage remain bright throughout the seasons.
- Easy to Hang – Equipped with sturdy brass grommets, this flag ensures a hassle-free hanging experience. Whether it's atop a flagpole, affixed to a wall, or another conspicuous spot, it stands as a respectable symbol of your connection to Palestine and its deep history.
- Lightweight with Distinctive Colors – Made from a featherlight fabric, this flag is effortlessly manageable while showcasing its noticeable black, white, green, and red colors. The triangle design at the hoist captures Palestine's essence, providing a captivating display that inspires national pride.
- National Pride and Acknowledgment – Flying this Palestinian flag signifies more than just an appreciation for the land; it's also a tribute to significant milestones like Palestinian Independence Day. It's a symbol of unity, tradition, and the resilient spirit of the Palestinian people.
- Indoor and Outdoor Presentation – This flag is adaptable, fit for both interior and exterior displays. Whether placed in homes, workplaces, gardens, or public arenas, it serves as a continuous reminder of Palestine's enduring legacy and history.


Colonel Philip Sherwood, an International Fellow from The United Kingdom, was talking to one of our members when the Colonel spotted a maroon and blue striped tie worn by a tall gentleman across the room: it was a British Army Royal Engineers’ tie.
Colonel Sherwood walked across the room and introduced himself to the gentleman wearing the tie. He was none other than F. Heywood Marsh, a member of our Association.Mr. Marsh is a World War II veteran of the Royal Engineers, British Army. After introductions, Colonel Sherwood opened his tunic to reveal his Royal Engineers’ belt, once again demonstrating the special relationship the United States and the United Kingdom have across a crowded room.


(aka The Wire, Season 5)
In the 1870s, the Portland Daily Bulletin ran coverage critical of the Portland police. Editor James O'Meara accused them of inefficiency in suppressing and solving crime in the city, and raised the idea of limiting police funding. (e.g., as covered in the Oregonian )
The Portland police bureau retaliated by feeding a fake story to the Bulletin, detailing the discovery of the murdered and mutilated body of a missing man.
The Bulletin took the bait and ran the fake story, including the detail of the body's being brought up by the anchor of a ship putting out for sea; the skull fractured, throat cut, and 18 bullet-wounds in the body. History of Oregon Newspapers
Newspaper rivalry in Oregon was famously bitter in the pioneer period; harsh, personal commentary on rival editors and publications was known as the "Oregon Style" of journalism. Oregon History Project
Other papers, notably the Herald, delighted in the Bulletin's embarrassment. Three years later the Bulletin was out of business. History of Oregon Newspapers


In 1978, Ruth Smith, President of the Ohio Women's Bowling Association gave Laura Steele, 2nd Vice President of the OWBA, the task of organizing the first State 600 Tournament. Rainbow Lanes in Columbus hosted the tournament on June 25, 1978 with 669 entrants.
Following the tournament, Ruth Smith conducted a meeting to begin the organization of the State 600 Club. Officers were elected: Norene Peck, President; Joan Ball, Vice President; Kathleen Riley, Secretary-Treasurer; and Doris Stephens, Sergeant-at-Arms. The presidents and secretaries of the six districts served as directors for the short time until the Districts elected their directors at their annual tournament. Binnie Dirk, Eleanore Long, Del Bitner, Sandy Campagna, Judy Angel, Linda Rockfield, Vivian Winnett, Norma Workman, Catherine Smith, Kay McCue, Mabel Montavon and Juanita Hostetler were the first elected directors.
By-Laws were adopted at the annual meeting following the 1979 tournament. The name "Buckeye 600 Bowling Club" was adopted as the official name of the Club. Norene Peck designed the first club pin. Dues were $0.50.Laura Steele became the club's first Life Member, being elected at the annual meeting in 1985.The Club was founded for the purposes of uniting all female bowlers in Ohio who have qualified for membership, to conduct an annual tournament, to encourage members to promote social activities and devote themselves to the fun of bowling. Also, to urge all members to play the game in a sportsman-like manner, bringing credit and honor to themselves and to the Buckeye 600 Bowling Club.
Requirements for membership are:•Female member of the Ohio State USBC who has bowled a scratch 600 or higher three-game series in a certified league or tournament.•Must be a member in good standing of USBC, the National 600 Bowling Club and the Ohio State USBC.Buckeye 600 Bowling Club ByLaws


Dith Pran (September 27, 1942 – March 30, 2008) was a Cambodian photojournalist best known as a refugee and Cambodian Genocide survivor. He also had an Academy Award-winning film "The Killing Fields". He was portrayed in the movie by Haing S. Ngor (actor).
Born in Siem Reap, Cambodia, near the Angkor Wat, his father worked as a public-works official. He learned French and English at school. The U.S. Army also hired him as a translator. After ties with the United States ended, Dith began working with a British film crew, and then as a hotel receptionist.
When Dith met New York Times reporter "Sydney Schanberg" in 1975, he taught himself how to take pictures and stayed behind in Cambodia to cover the fall of the capital Phnom Penh to the communist Khmer Rouge forces. Schanberg and other foreign reporters were allowed to leave, but Dith was not permitted to leave the country. Due to the suppression of knowledge during the Genocide, Dith hid the fact that he was educated. He pretended to not know Americans and pretended to be a taxi driver. When Cambodians were forced to work in labor camps, Dith had to endure four years of starvation and torture before Vietnam overthrew the Khmer Rouge in December 1978. He coined the phrase "killing fields" to refer to the clusters of corpses and skeletal remains of victims he saw during his 40-mile escape. His three brothers were killed back in Cambodia.
Dith traveled back to Siem Reap, where it was learned that 50 members of his family had died. The Vietnamese had made him village chief, but Dith escaped to Thailand on October 3, 1979 after fearing that they knew of his American ties.
Dith Pran, whose ordeal at the hands of Cambodia's brutal Khmer Rouge regime was depicted in the movie "The Killing Fields," became a crusader for the restoration of his homeland.
Dith, who died on Sunday at age 65, compiled a book of recollections of survivors of Cambodia's genocide and was named a goodwill ambassador for the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees. In addition to working as a photographer for The New York Times, he ran the Dith Pran Holocaust Awareness Project.
Following are quotes from Dith about Cambodia:
Dith: "It is important for me that the new generation of Cambodians and Cambodian Americans become active and tell the world what happened to them and their families ... I want them never to forget the faces of their relatives and friends who were killed during that time. The dead are crying out for justice."
Dith: "I see ... a pile of skulls and bones. For the first time since my arrival, what I see before me is too painful, and I break down completely. These are my relatives, friends and neighbors, I keep thinking ... It is a long time before I am calm again. And then I am able, with my bare hands, to rearrange the skulls and bones so that they are not scattered about."
Dith: "This is sad for the Cambodian people because he was never held accountable for the deaths of 2 million of his fellow countryman. The Jewish people's search for justice did not end with the death of Hitler and the Cambodian people's search for justice doesn't end with Pol Pot."
-- Upon the death of Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot in 1998, quoted in The Times.
"There is no doctor who can heal me. But I know that a man like Pol Pot, he is even sicker than I am. He is crazy in the head because he believed in killing people. He believed in starving children. We both have the horror in our heads."
Next..... Click Here


Want to learn more about historic gardens that thrive in Hanover County?
Check out our demonstration gardens at Scotchtown.
Patrick Henry resided at Scotchtown from 1771 to 1778, during his most influential time in revolutionary history including when wrote his famous “Liberty of Death” speech and became Virginia’s Governor. It is the only original standing home of Patrick Henry open to the public and is one of the largest buildings to survive that time. Preservation Virginia acquired the property in 1958 and the surrounding outbuildings and gardens are reproductions based on period life.
Today, Hanover Master Gardeners tend to the demonstration gardens on the property including a dye, kitchen and flower plots. We also provide plant clinics on special event days.
The dye garden includes the following plants used to color fabrics like cotton, wool, linen, silk and hemp.
- Dyer’s chamomile – yellow
- Lanceleaf coreopsis – yellow and gold
- Comos– gold, yellow and orange
- Golden rod – yellow, tan and gold
- Amaranthus – red
- Japanese indigo – blue
- Madder – red and orange
- Weld – yellow
- Comfrey – brown, gold and green
- Yarrow – green
Plants in Kitchen Garden include the following:
- Scarlet Runner Beans
- Pattypan Squash
- Lemon Balm
- Garlic Chives
- Swiss Chard
Flower garden plants to be added soon. Check back.
Additional information regarding Scotchtown is available here Patrick Henry’s Scotchtown – Preservation Virginia and here Scotchtown | Virginia Museum of History & Culture (virginiahistory.org)
For more information on period plants try “Thomas Jefferson’s Garden Book: 1766-1824″ or “Thomas Jeffersons Flower Garden at Monticello” by Thomas Jefferson.


The discovery of a huge auroch engraving in northern Portugal’s Greater Côa Valley provides a historical perspective for contemporary rewilding efforts.
A relationship through time
Much of the rewilding now taking place in northern Portugal’s Côa Valley involves the promotion of human-wildlife coexistence. But with our focus on the present, it’s easy to overlook the fact that relations between man and wildlife in the area date back tens of thousands of years. The historical nature of this dynamic was thrown into sharp relief very recently, with the discovery of a huge, 3.5 metre-long auroch (a species of wild cattle that became extinct in the 1600s), carved on to rock in the valley’s open-air, UNESCO World Heritage Listed Prehistoric Rock Art Site (part of the Côa Valley Archaeological Park).
After removing a large quantity of sediment, the Côa Valley Archaeological Park archaeologists involved in the excavation discovered a six metre-long rock face. Enclosed within the auroch depicted on the face, the team identified many other carved animals – including a female deer, an ibex and a female auroch followed by a calf – indicating just how important wild animals were to our European ancestors.
The newly discovered auroch carving is one of the largest rock art figures found anywhere in the world. Archaeologists believe it may date back more than 23,000 years – corresponding to the late Ice Age (or late Paleolithic-Old Stone Age) – although further analysis of the site has been postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The unearthing of the carving highlights the tremendously rich culture of the Côa Valley, which complements the area’s wild nature and greatly enhances the valley’s attraction for tourists.
“This new discovery is particularly important for several reasons,” says Thierry Aubry, technical and scientific manager of the Côa Valley Archaeological Park and Côa Museum. “Not only will it allow us to date the oldest Côa Valley rock art more accurately, but it also enhances our knowledge of symbolic expression in Palaeolithic societies, in which open-air imagery clearly played a vital role.”
The Côa Valley contains thousands of open-air rock engravings of animals and human figures. Dating back to around 22,000 BCE, this the oldest collection of Stone Age art yet found in Portugal. Equally significant is the fact that almost all the Côa engravings were created outside, which is extremely rare for the European Stone Age. In addition, the valley also contains carvings dating from the more recent Neolithic (10,000 – 4,500 BCE) and Iron Age (1,200 to 600 BCE) periods, with some religious engraving continuing until only a few decades ago.
A contemporary perspective
As the Côa Valley’s unique engravings show, our European forebears lived alongside mighty aurochs and an array of other animals for thousands of years, repeatedly recording their existence in stone. Today, while the Greater Côa Valley remains a natural corridor for wildlife, its functionality has been diminished by habitat loss and degradation, wildlife persecution, and a lack of awareness about the importance of wild nature and the many benefits it provides.
Thanks to a substantial grant from the Endangered Landscapes Programme, scaled up rewilding efforts are now underway to reverse this decline. With efforts overseen by Rewilding Portugal and partners (the University of Aveiro and Portuguese NGOs Zoo Logical and ATNatureza), the aim is to develop a 120,000-hectare wildlife corridor in the Greater Côa Valley, connecting the Malcata mountain range in the south with the larger Douro Valley in the north.
Rewilding efforts also include work to promote the area’s cultural heritage, which has just been considerably enhanced by the new archaeological finding. These include preparations for a new locally held festival focused on culture and nature, which are currently being undertaken by Rewilding Portugal.
“The discovery of such an inspirational piece of nature-based art right here in the Côa Valley accentuates the historical and cultural context of our rewilding work,” says Rewilding Portugal team leader Pedro Prata. “Despite being extinct, the great aurochs that once inhabited this area still captivate people today, as they clearly captivated the person who inscribed this amazing carving.”
Founded in 2018, the Endangered Landscapes Programme is building a future in which landscapes are enriched with biodiversity, establishing resilient, more self-sustaining ecosystems that benefit both nature and people. It was established with a $30 million investment from Arcadia, the UK-based charitable fund of philanthropists Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin. Supporting charities and scholarly institutions that preserve cultural heritage and the environment, Arcadia has awarded more than $500 million to projects around the world since 2002.


Expand your coin cover collection with a brand new series! The American Presidency $1 Coin Cover Series will showcase the new Presidential $1 Coins! Beginning the series is the 2007 George Washington $1 Coin Cover.
This limited-edition cover—only 50,000 will be produced—features two George Washington $1 Coins from the first day of production, November 9, 2006 (Philadelphia), and November 28, 2006 (Denver).
Each cover includes two $1 coins, one each from the United States Mint facilities at Philadelphia and Denver, on a handsome display card with the 39-cent United States Lady Liberty and Flag postage stamp.
Additionally, the cover features a portrait of our first President in front of an American flag. The postmark of February 15, 2007, Mount Vernon, VA, marks the day the George Washington $1 Coins were first released to the Federal Reserve Bank and to the public.
Limited to only 50,000!!
These will ship still Sealed from the U.S. Mint.