"Where did Lutheranism start?"
A brief history of Martin Luther and the birth of the Lutheran Church
For the first five centuries after Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection, the Christian Church grew and spread in spite of government persecution. The devil – seeming to realize that attacking the church from the outside only caused it to grow stronger – then began to attack from the inside, attacking truths of the Word. Sometimes those attacks were met and turned back, other times they made inroads. Unfortunately, by the end of the first millennium, quite a number of false teachings had intruded into the church's creed. While the Holy Bible remained a constant testimony of God's truth, and the Church claimed to rely on it alone, in reality the Church's official teachings had moved further and further from it.
Just one example: for hundreds of years, the clergy had – correctly – been free to marry; around the year 1000 the church decreed that clergy would have to remain single. It was contrary to Scripture, and was one of many errors which had intruded themselves into the official teachings of the church. In fact, in order to ensure that the church would continue its power and position, the church even decreed that it was sinful for any person, other than a clergy person, to read the Bible!
Of those errors in teaching, perhaps the most damaging was the false teaching that Jesus HADN’T done everything necessary for salvation, that instead people needed to do good works to earn heaven. The Church taught that only those who held to the Church’s rigidly prescribed teachings could have a chance to get to heaven. If you were part of the Church, but hadn’t done enough good works, the Church said that you would first go to a place called “purgatory,” where you’d suffer for your lack of good deeds. Only those who did a whole bunch of good works could hope to get to heaven immediately, and of course, the Church itself was dictating what those works were to be. The Church even went so far as to claim that you could pay money to the church, and in exchange you would be “sold” forgiveness of sins! How sad! No one could be sure of salvation, because no one could be sure that they’d done enough good works! It was a time of spiritual darkness.
It was into this religious climate of fear and uncertainty that Martin Luther was born, November 10, 1483 in Eisleben, Germany. A bright boy, Luther's parents hoped that he would aspire to a career in law, and young Martin began training for that profession. At the same time, however, he was preoccupied with spiritual concerns. He knew the teachings of the Church, and he did his best to abide by its ritual, but he recognized his sinfulness, and he agonized over the awful gap that he saw between himself and God. Luther was troubled, filled with uncertainty.
While a college student, a fateful journey would turn Luther away from study of law. While traveling, Luther was caught in a terrific thunderstorm. When a bolt of lightning struck a tree near him, he cried out in fear, “Saint Anne, save me! I will become a monk!”
Having survived the storm, he took the vow seriously, and against the wishes of his parents, he left the study of law and entered the monastery, hoping there to find the peace he so craved. Luther proved himself to be an exemplary monk. He prayed continuously, worked diligently, and spent much of his day in earnest confession. And yet, the troubled Luther knew that his piety was insufficient to please a perfect, holy God. He could not escape his terror. At one point, feeling so overwhelmed with guilt, he even whipped himself, thinking that thereby his conscience could find rest. None of it worked.
His superior, a man named Staupitz, saw both Luther’s talents and his troubled heart. He gave Martin one word of advice: “Martin, don’t look so much at yourself. Instead look at Jesus.” But what could Luther do? The official position of the Church was that you had to look to yourself, to your own good works! But Staupitz’ advice was good, and perhaps it planted a seed which would later sprout.
Additionally, Staupitz attempted to help Luther by keeping him so busy that he’d have little time to consider his shortcomings. So in 1508 Luther - by that time an ordained priest, but only 25 years old - was appointed to a teaching position at a new University in Wittenburg, Germany, where Luther would be instructing his pupils in Bible.
While preparing for a class on the book of Romans, Luther's conscience was captured by this passage: "the just shall live by faith." Luther caught the point – the church had taught him that salvation was something you earned by what you did. But God’s Word said something completely different. God’s Word said that salvation was something that God gave to you freely, through faith. What a contrast! The church said you earned forgiveness; God said that forgiveness was already earned for you completely – by Jesus’ death on the cross! Luther later commented that learning this was like the doors of heaven being thrown open! Where formerly he had feared God because he thought God was unreasonable and angry, now Luther began to view God correctly, as a loving Father, eagerly desiring our salvation. Eagerly he re-read Scripture, finding that many passages which had formerly puzzled and troubled him he could now regard as good news!
What do you do with good news? You share it! And Luther did. He excitedly began to teach, "Forgiveness of sins is not something which we earn by our efforts. Rather, it is a free gift which God gives to us because of what Jesus did. Salvation, therefore, is completely and only a gift of God, which God gives to us by working faith in Jesus." Many were struck by this “new teaching.” In reality it wasn’t new at all. Instead, it was a return to what the Bible had always taught, and what the church had originally taught! So now Luther’s desire was that the entire church would reform itself, would return to what it had originally, and correctly, taught.
As Luther continued his studies of the Word, he slowly began to unlearn many of the falsehoods which the church had taught him, and in turn shared those truths with his classes and with the people at the church in Wittenburg. (Luther was so popular that in addition to his professor’s duties, he was appointed to be preacher at the town church.) Things came to a head on October 31, 1517, when Luther posted the 95 theses (“sentences”) on the Wittenburg church door, protesting the abuse of indulgences.
Indulgences were sold by the church - the pope claimed the authority to grant forgiveness of sins when the indulgence was purchased. And of course the claim was that the more money you paid, the more sins were forgiven, either your own sins or someone else’s. The pope even claimed that he could grant forgiveness to those who had died, who were now suffering in purgatory! Luther protested this practice and he offered an open challenge to a debate on the subject. Soon all of Europe was in a stir! You see, the printing press had been recently perfected, and soon the 95 theses had been re-printed and distributed all over the continent! No longer was this a “local issue.”
How would the church respond? Instead of seeing the Scriptural truth and reforming, they demanded that Luther come to Rome and give answer to the charge of false teaching! Luther’s political ruler, the elector of Saxony, used his influence to insist that Luther’s case be heard in Germany. Several meeting were held, in which Luther continually went back to the truths of the Bible, while the church’s representatives instead used the traditions of the church as their basis for argument. So, no agreement could be reached. As these several years passed, Luther studied the Word more and more, more and more truths became clear to him, and his desire to reform the church became even more keen.
Events culminated four years later, in a meeting at Worms (pronounced “warmz”), Germany in 1521, when Luther was called before the political ruler of the day, Emperor Charles V. The Turks were attacking the empire, and Charles needed the German princes to help fight the invasion. So, he sought an expedient ending to this “religious matter” which was causing much consternation in Germany and beyond. Very simply, Emperor Charles called Luther before him and had copies of Luther’s writings there. He told Luther that he had no interest in hearing a debate on the truths of the Bible; rather, Luther was to admit that all he had written was false. If Luther refused to do so, he would be declared an outlaw, and anyone could kill him after 20 days. Luther asked for one day to consider it.
The following day, Luther responded, “Unless you can prove from the Bible that I have made wrong statements, I cannot and will not take back anything. My conscience is bound by the Word of God. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise. God help me. Amen.” The church had made it clear that it had no interest in returning to the truth; Luther had made it clear that he would not deny the truth. So, Luther was declared an outlaw.
While traveling back to Wittenburg, his local ruler – elector Frederick – protected him by having him “kidnapped.” Luther was then taken to a secluded castle called the Wartburg, where he stayed in hiding for about a year, during which time he translated the New Testament into German so that all his countrymen could read the Word for themselves. (The church had also declared that the only Bible which could be used was the “Vulgate,” a Latin translation of the Bible. Of course, very few of the common people understood Latin, so the Bible had been a “closed book” for them.)
The way for Luther’s return to public life was opened by events elsewhere in the empire. The Turks continued to step up their attacks, and Emperor Charles was kept so busy by it that he had no time to deal with the “religious problem” in Germany. So Luther was able to return to Wittenburg, to resume preaching and teaching, and the Word of God spread quickly.
The results? The church had made clear that it wasn’t going to reform, but those who had learned the truths of Scripture refused to walk away from those truths. So instead of the church being reformed, a “new” church was started, a church that wasn’t really “new” at all. Instead, it had returned to the original truths of the Word of God, the truths which the early church had joyously proclaimed. The enemies of Luther immediately branded the people who had returned to the Word with the derisive name, “Lutheran!” It stuck. And Emperor Charles would be kept so busy with the Turks that more than 20 years would pass before he could again give this “religious problem” any attention. By that time, the truths of the Word were well-rooted in many, many hearts, assuring that the clear words of God would continue to be proclaimed for all to hear!
Today, Living Word Lutheran Church – and the church body to which we belong – continues in the same tradition. We believe and teach that the Bible is the Word of God. We do not “follow” Luther or claim that he is the Church's foundation. Luther was important only as an instrument through whom God brought His truths back to light, but God could have done that through any human. Only Jesus Christ is our shepherd, and only Jesus is the true foundation of the Christian Church. We retain the name “Lutheran” because hopefully it reminds us that we stand on the same truths on which Luther stood. We take our stand on Scripture alone, as the only authoritative message from God. We take our stand on God’s grace alone, not looking for any merit or worthiness in ourselves. And we’re sure that we will spend eternity in heaven as a free gift, a gift given to us by God, a gift given to us by faith alone.
It’s a gift meant for you, too!


Port City Partners purchased the historic Leotis building in Brunswick. Renovations to the 2nd floor open loft yielded 12 rental units, including studio, 1 and 2-bedroom units. This project is a winner of the Excellence in Rehabilitation Award by The Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation.
® Overholt Construction, Inc. 2022. All Rights Reserved.


The roots of the business date from 1882. Great-grandpa Giovanni and his sons worked as blacksmiths in a forge in Via Umberto I, in the centre of Pandino. In 1925, Giovanni and his brothers built a new forge opposite the old one, with a family home attached. Sons Rosetto and Luigi later took over the blacksmith and farm machinery repair business.
The ’50s. In the ’50s, encouraged by the rebuilding process in the period following World War II, various slaughterhouse and livestock businesses began to spring up in and around Pandino. Back then, Luigi started to handcraft his first slaughterhouse and meat products factory systems and equipment and to supply the first local slaughterhouses with the equipment they needed for the meat slaughtering process.
The ’70s. Luigi passed away in 1970, followed six years later by Rosetto. Following their deaths, Rosetto’s sons Battista and Emilio made the decision to carry on the slaughterhouse system manufacturing business, while Luigi’s sons took care of the farm machinery repair side of the business. In 1974, Battista and Emilio decided to expand the business and built a new 1000sq m facility at number 25 Via De Gasperi, the company’s current headquarters. Thus the partnership Italmacelli S.n.c. was established in 1976 with the aim of carrying on the slaughterhouse system manufacturing business. A major injection of innovation quickly ensued and, in the ’80s, aluminium was introduced as the number one material.
The ’80s. With manufacturing processes now honed to perfection, an overhead rail system was created in 1980, made entirely from anodized aluminium alloy, and was christened IM80. It proved particularly suitable not just for large-scale slaughterhouses, but also for small butcher’s shops, resulting in a broader customer base. In 1988, an overhead rail system was produced that would suit the needs not just of butcher’s shops, but also meat products factories and supermarket meat departments. The IM89 system was born. The production facility was extended in the ’80s with the construction of an additional building with 1500 sq m of floor space.
The ’90s. The company diversified their business by introducing a new product. The modular shelving system in anodized aluminium alloy, known as the IM92, was created in 1990. From their beginnings as a manufacturer of slaughterhouse and butchery equipment, the company now also served catering, industrial refrigeration and shopping centre businesses. This product brought about a further increase in the customer base, with business connections established internationally. From product innovations the focus shifted to process innovations, hence leading to the development of new design techniques and the creation of a software for optimizing shelving composition: Shelving Optimization. In 1994, to meet growing safety requirements, a new overhead rail system was produced. Known as the IM96, it now replaces the IM80 for certain purposes. The business’s continued growth and diversification led to its conversion, in 1996, to a limited company called Italmodular S.r.l..
In 2005 a new patented overhead sliding shelving system was designed in 2005. In addition to optimizing storage space to the full, being hung off the ground meant the whole floor was easier to clean: overhead shelving was born. Twenty years on, the IM89 system has been restyled, introducing numerous improvements, such as the patented frog switch. The IM09 overhead rail system was born
2007: After a long period of active experimentation Italmodular produces a new modular line of protection for refrigerated counters that is called IM97. The innovation consists in the adjustable curve that allows it to be adapted to all models of refrigerated counters and so to protect them from impacts and shocks of the trolleys.
The year 2011 is marked by the birth of Easy Compact, a sliding shelving that facilitates, organizes and increases storage space even in small cold rooms, making this product ideal for the Ho.Re.Ca.
In 2013 Italmodular realizes his revolutionary creation: Smarty, a trolley for GN / EN, pans and trays, ideal to minimize its size thanks to its innovative feature that makes it unique: the patented folding structures and its sides that are completely removable.


Motorcycle racing has been a huge part of Harley Davidson, almost from the beginning of the company. In fact the very first appearance of a motorcycle created by William Harley and the Davidson brothers, Arthur, Walter, and William, was in a Milwaukee, Wisconsin motorcycle race.
The Harley Davidson Company started in 1903, but didn’t create an “official” motorcycle racing department until 1914. That didn’t stop co-founder Walter Davidson from being victorious in the Federation of American Motorcyclist endurance race, in 1908, while riding a stock single cylinder machine. There were 65 competitors, during this grueling 2-day event, weaving their way through 365 miles of brutal dirt roads in the Catskill Mountains. The only perfect score in the competition went to Mr. Davidson.
By the year 1912, Harley Davidson had made speed a part of their motorcycle racing equation by setting a new record at the Bakersfield Road Race. H-D racers made a name for themselves on both wooden plank tracks and muddy dirt road courses, despite the interruption of World War I. In 1921, H-D shattered speed records, becoming the first motorcycles to reach speeds of 100 miles per hour during a race. Harley Davidson racers were known as “the Wrecking Crew”, because of this success.
Harley Davidson’s notoriety continued, when one of their motorcycles with a sidecar won the first annual Pike’s Peak race, in 1916, and another Harley Davidson claimed first place in 1922 at the Adelaide to Melbourne South Australia race. Motorcycle Racing Dominated By Joe Petrali And Harley Davidson! Joe Petrali was arguably the best motorcycle racer of the early Twentieth Century. For six years between 1931 and 1936, Petrali dominated in the National points rankings five times. In 1935, Petrali went undefeated in all 13 races on the 13-stop National motorcycle racing schedule. Petrali’s amazing performance didn’t stop there! In 1937, while riding a 1937 Model E, 61 cubic inch, V-Twin Streamliner, he reached speeds of 136.183 miles per hour, at Daytona Beach and set a new world speed record. That’s not all! Petrali won the National Hill Climb Championship, not once, not twice, but 8 years in a row beginning in 1929. What a maniac!
Motorcycle racing stopped for the Harley Davidson team and others when World War II began. When the war was over, Petrali did not return to the circuit, but H-D continued to rule the motorcycle racing scene.
When it comes to the drag strip, Harley Davidson looks towards their motorcycle racing crown jewel, the VRSXE Screamin’ Eagle V-Rod Destroyer. This bike will get you down the quarter mile in under 10 seconds, but unfortunately it’s not street legal and sees limited production. Motorcycle Racing And The Buell Motor Company The Buell Motor Company was a subsidiary of Harley Davidson and also produced bikes for motorcycle racing. Buell motorcycles were available at select Harley dealers. Buell racing teams were a force to be reckoned with and claimed top spots in many racing events. This success was because of the founder of the company, Eric Buell. Buell was not only a motorcycle racer himself, but worked as an engineer for Harley Davidson before forming his own company.
Unfortunately, on October 30, 2009, the Buell Motorcycle Company closed its doors after an incredible 26-year run. Harley Davidson said it would discontinue the Buell product line to focus on the Harley Davidson brand. The last Buell motorcycle rolled off the production line on October 30, bringing the number manufactured to 136,923.
Shortly after in November of 2009, Buell and Harley Davidson announced they would launch Erik Buell Racing, an independent company run by Erik Buell and it will produce race-only versions of the 1125R model.
Today, the tradition of great Harley Davidson motorcycle racing continues both on the drag strip and on the flat track. The AMA or American Motorcycle Association manages the majority of the national Superbike Championship, AMA Motocross Championship, and AMA Flatrack Championship, championship races, in the United States. These include the AMA Supercross Series, AMA Superbike Championship, AMA Motorcross Championship, and AMA Flatrack Championship.
It’s no secret that Paul loves motorcycles! He has been riding motorcycles almost as long as he has been able to walk and has been wrenching on motorcycles [http://bikonic.net/motorcycle-repair-warranty/] his entire life. Paul grew up on a farm in the middle of nowhere and has done his fair share of motorcycle racing on the back roads of Ontario, Canada.


Vikings Season 5
Original Network: History
Country: Canada / Ireland
Genres: Action, Adventure, Drama
Running time : 50 minutes Each episode.
Release date : 29 November 2017
How to Download ?
- Click in server 1 & 2
- Click each episodes to download and wait.
//*Report if link is not working
What is the story?
The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season of the series begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793.
- Katheryn Winnick as Queen Lagertha, a shieldmaiden and Ragnar’s ex-wife; she is the queen of Kattegat.
- Gustaf Skarsgård as Floki, a gifted shipbuilder
- Alexander Ludwig as Bjorn Ironside, Ragnar and Lagertha’s son and Torvi’s husband
- John Kavanagh as The Seer, the seiðrmann of Kattegat
- Peter Franzén as King Harald Finehair, a Viking ambitious to become the first King of Norway
- Jasper Pääkkönen as Halfdan the Black, Harald’s violent younger brother
- Moe Dunford as King Aethelwulf of Wessex
- Alex Høgh as Ivar the Boneless, fourth son of Ragnar and Aslaug
- Marco Ilsø as Hvitserk, second son of Ragnar and Aslaug
- Jordan Patrick Smith as Ubbe, eldest son of Ragnar and Aslaug
- Jonathan Rhys Meyers as Bishop Heahmund, a very religious warrior priest
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating, with an average rating of 8.12/10 based on nine reviews. IGN awarded episode 10, Moments of Vision, with a rating of 9 out of 10. Entertainent Weekly gave the episode an “A”.


The dual fountains of Farnese stand outside the Farnese Palace in Rome. These granite buildings were added into the palace from the impressive Farnese household and Merge all the advantages of equally classical and seventeenth century style and design. Regarding historic importance, these fountains are real treasures – Pope Paul III along with other members of the family were being chargeable for excavating the popular Baths of Caracalla which was the initial household of these structures. So, they've a provenance that is certainly of genuine historical import.
Inside their initial variety in the Baths of Caracalla The 2 fountains ended up essentially made use of rather simply as bathtub tubs, Whilst This can be hard to believe that when you consider their size. The fountain tubs measure seventeen toes in length and so are around 3 toes deep. Irrespective of coming from amongst Rome’s most famed pleasure residences, the tubs are Pretty much austere with regard to style – the one decoration you’ll find on them is often a carved lion’s head established on either side. And, these heads weren't even positioned there purely as decoration – they provide a more utilitarian objective since they ended up initially designed as h2o stores.
The seventeenth century touches you’ll now see on these fountains had been extra by Carlo and Girolamo Rainaldi who have been commissioned to adapt the tubs into fountains via the Farnese spouse and children in 1612. The fountains arrived into getting because the tubs discovered a brand new home inside of a fountain basin. They then experienced a sublime vase sculpture additional to each. At the best of each and every fountain, you’ll have the capacity to see a fleur-de-lis representing the Farnese family arms. The entire operate included into the tubs via the Rainaldis was built away from travertine in accordance with the personalized with the working day. For A lot of people the melding of ancient and relatively fashionable structure listed here has not likely labored in inventive conditions – but these fountains remain a sight to get found. It is additionally worthy of noting that twin fountains are on their own a exceptional sight – you can find only 5 paired fountains in The entire of Rome – so, for that reason check here on your own, the Farnese fountains are well worthy of a check out.


For centuries this iconic black hackney vehicle has been an important part of the public transport system in London and although time has seen the introduction of other forms of public transportation, for example the bus network, rail network and the Underground or “Tube” the black cab is still one of the most cherished and relied upon commuting options for residents and tourists alike in the UK’s capital today.
Their un-mistakable appearance and long service have made the hackney carriage one of the most iconic symbols of London, so much so that taking a ride in one is often considered an attraction in itself, worthy of many a tourist Facebook post.
The earliest recorded private hire vehicles in London date back to the 17th century in the shape of a horse-drawn carriage. In order to ensure passenger safety, the UK government enacted legal Conditions of Fitness in 1679, which required all such carriages to have been formally inspected before drivers could charge the fare paying public. These requirements have changed and developed in the ensuing years, but they are still enforced to this day by the Public Carriage Office of London.
After the horse, the first motorised London private hire vehicles were introduced towards the latter part of the 19th century (1897) were electrically powered vehicles such as the Bersey, which was so quiet that it was soon nicknamed the “Hummingbird”. Mainly due to range limitations, it was replaced by a petrol-powered Prunel in 1903, built in France. Then a trend started where many British and foreign car manufacturers produced vehicles that met or exceeded the Conditions of Fitness, companies such as Renault and Vauxhall to name but two. From 1930 to date all London black taxi vehicles have been built by UK manufacturers such as Winchester, Beardmore, Morris and Austin, with the most popular being the Austin FX3 and FX4 models.


I have developed Villa dell’ Artista (an artist’s villa) out of a former carriage house in Woodruff Place, Indianapolis, and created a beautiful space filled with more than 60 of my original paintings, mostly of Italy. I am offering the villa as a location for organizations to hold gatherings.
Villa dell’ Artista is furnished with antiques from my family, as well as carpets from the English Opera House and Hotel which were once located on Monument Circle, Indianapolis. visitors will be among the first people to walk on them since the English building was razed in the late 1940s. Decorative bronze statues beautifully accompany paintings. In addition, the villa contains an historic Steinway upright piano that is in tune and available for entertainment purposes.
Not-for-profit organizations would be welcome to use the villa free of charge for a festive occasion. Recently, the Decorative Arts Society held a reception in the villa and outside in the gardens.
For-profit organizations would be subject to a small rental fee.
I will also be offering painting seminars at the villa. Please check back for more information about this program offering.
Feel free to contact me with any further questions or to arrange a tour of the villa.


The Chinese war horse.
SPEED PAINT : [link]
Here I have drawn a Chinese war horse
Sadly, I am not a big horse person and I’m not sure that I have correct breed listed below. This horse isn’t carrying very much right now other then its standard attire. Perhaps he is coming home from a victory
His name, Daiyu (黛玉) meaning “black jade”
Anyways this picture, I have drawn is for the contest held by The point is to draw a horse’s importance to a certain culture.
It has been quite some time since I’ve drawn one (I havent drawn one since [link]), I feel like I’m a little rusty on the horse, but, I like it all the same. In my opinion it turned out well.
Also, I decided that I would do a speed paint, I haven’t posted one for a while, and I have yet to do a larger picture like this so please enjoy it!
Breed: I think this is a Ferghana horse but I am not sure ;_;
Cultural Facts/History: now correct me if iI am wrong, but here is a bit of history on the horse
The Chinese searched for the perfect horse for battle and found in the horses found in central Asia. The Fernanda horse. Powerful, fast and with great endurance. This horse was strong enough to be equipped with supplies, armor and weapons while traveling great distances with speed. Not only that but its ability to survive with little food was also a benefit to the soldiers. They could be pushed so hard that would “sweat blood”, for this reason they were once know as the blood sweat horse.
This breed was excellent for battle and would out run, out power, and out endure and of the domestic horses that were previously used. This dominance brought on great victories and thus the horse was later re-named The celestial horse/heavenly horse (which you see on the zodiac). You can find this horse praised in all types of Chinese artworks and literature.
Traces of this breed can be found in several types of horses found all over the world.
Importance to me: I find it interesting and its a bit of my history


This post is simply pointing out some facts about World War II that I find to be quite interesting but deeply disturbing. Just listing a shortlist just to give you an idea of the big picture but a long list could no doubt be wrapped around the globe. Man is a ticking bomb waiting for an opportunity to self-destruct.
- World War 2 was a battle between two groups of countries. – the “Allies” and the “Axis“. The major Allied Powers were Britain, France, Russia, China and the United States. The major Axis Powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan.
- Three countries remained neutral during the world war: Spain, Sweden and Switzerland
- Around six million Jewish people were killed during World War 2
- Millions of Germans were imprisoned and killed because they didn’t fit the image of the ‘perfect’ German
- World War II started on Dec. 7, 1941. (in the Pacific but in 1937 & 1939 in other countries)
- The Germans surrendered on 8 May 1945
- Imperial Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945, in a recorded broadcast by Emperor Hirohito, officially bringing the Second World War to a close.
- On August 28, 1945, the occupation of the Japanese home islands by the Allied forces began
- The war cost the United States around $341 billion dollars, calculated into 2015 currency the war cost over $4.5 trillion dollars. An amount equivalent of 74% of America’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product).
- A staggering amount of Allied equipment was abandoned and dumped into the ocean after the war’s end.
The price of war is not something to take lightly. There’s way more to WWII than this shortlist of mind-blowing facts, but my point is that you would think that we’d learn something about the war in general and work at helping to resolve future world’s conflicts peacefully without having to sacrifice more of our young and upcoming generations. As one of the world’s top leaders of the free world, it is only fitting that we be the ones to take a giant step and lead by example for the world to follow.


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Monday, November 3, 2014
60th Anniversary Celebration of Anna Walinska's World Trip
MCC, we always enjoy stories about interesting New Yorkers. Here’s one sent to
us by MCC Board Member Rosina Rubin of Attitude NY (limousine company).
Anna Walinska, Paris, 1926
My late aunt Anna Walinska (1906-1997) was a woman before her
At the age of 19, she moved to Paris to study painting, lived
around the corner from Gertrude Stein, and hung out with Poulenc and
In the WPA era, she founded a gallery on 57th Street, gave
Arshile Gorky his first New York City one-man show, danced at Town Hall to
benefit the Spanish Loyalistas, and served as Assistant Creative Director
of the Contemporary Art Pavillion at the 1939 New York World's Fair.
On November 15, 1954, she set out on a trip around the world
... by herself ... on prop planes.
It was a six-month journey of exploration and discovery, an
experience that brought her deep personal inspiration and influenced her
work for the remainder of her life. She kept a diary of the trip,
which now resides in the Smithsonian Archives of American Art.
To commemorate the 60th anniversary of this great adventure, I
will be sharing some of the highlights of Anna Walinska's trip via Twitter
@Walinska Art , beginning November 15.
Please join me to celebrate Walinska's travels -- from New
York City to Honolulu, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Bangkok, Burma, New Delhi,
Karachi, Cyprus, Israel, Istanbul, Athens, Rome, Perugia, Florence, Venice,
Pompei, Naples, Sorrento, Capri, Nice, Barcelona, Madrid, Toledo, Lisbon,
and finally to Bermuda (where she noted in her diary that the single room
rate at the Elbow Beach Surf Club ran from $14-$25).
By the time the trip was over, Anna Walinska had flown on five
different airlines, painted a portrait of the Prime Minister of Burma,
received a letter of introduction to the Prime Minister of India from the
future Secretary General of the U.N., and made countless friends around the
Walinska's body of work spans nine decades, with the oldest
known watercolor from 1918, painted during her studies as the Art Students
League. Over her lifetime, she created more than two thousand works
on canvas and paper, including several hundred works on the theme of the
Holocaust and a series inspired by the 17th century Japanese erotic Shunga
prints, which she began at the age of 76.
Born in London in 1906 to Russian immigrants, Walinska was the
daughter of labor leader Ossip Walinsky and sculptor-poet-activist Rosa
Newman Walinska, who settled in New York in 1914. During her
lifetime, her work was most notably exhibited at a 1957 retrospective in
New York at the Jewish Museum, and in numerous group shows organized by the
American Federation of Modern Painters & Sculptors, the National
Association of Women Artists, and the Silvermine Guild, as well as at the
Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art.
Posthumously, her work has been shown in exhibitions from New York
City to the Czech Republic.
Her work is included in numerous prestigious collections
including the National Portrait Gallery, the National Museum of American
Art, the National Museum of Women in the Arts, the Rose Art Museum at
Brandeis University, the Jewish Museum, the Tel Aviv Museum of Art, the
U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Yad Vashem, the Magnes Museum, and the
Zimmerli Museum at Rutgers.
I am excited to share with you the history of a fabulous
woman, her life, and her work. The celebration begins on Twitter
@WalinskaArt on November 15.
of AW by Arshile Gorky, 1937
Atelier Anna Walinska
Anna Walinska, Self-Portrait, 1939
Walinska with Supreme Court Justice
William O. Douglas and The Patriarch, Gres Gallery, Washington D.C., 1958


The English soccer league was shaped in 1888, and on September eighth, Anfield laid turf to the primary soccer league sport in its historical past. The house crew wasn’t wearing purple, as could be the case now-a-days. They wore the blue and white strip of Everton FC.
This marked the start of what was to grow to be an incredible identify in world soccer – Anfield.
The person behind Everton FC, and the proprietor of the Anfield floor was John Houlding, a neighborhood brewer and pub proprietor, member of the native council, and later the Mayor of the town of Liverpool.
In 1892, nonetheless, a row broke out between Houlding and the Everton board. Tensions had been build up over a while, as a result of the Everton board felt that Houlding was profiting fairly significantly from the gross sales of ales on match day, and the ultimate straw broke when he raised the bottom lease.
Everton FC left Anfield, and moved to their new dwelling at Goodison Park, forsaking a handful of gamers. The identical week Houlding based Liverpool FC on 15th of March, with William E. Barclay as membership secretary and John McKenna as chairman and supervisor of the crew.
Liverpool FC wasn’t allowed rapid entry to the soccer league, and began life within the Lancashire League. Their first aggressive match was performed at Anfield in entrance of a handful of spectators, whereas Everton was enjoying a sport the identical day in entrance of a crowd of 10,000. The rivalry was on!
ลิเวอร์พูล FC gained their first sport, a pleasant towards Rotherham, by a powerful 7-1 rating. Their first league sport they gained Eight-Zero, they usually went on to comfortably successful the Lancashire League, in addition to the Liverpool District Cup and the Reserves Cup. Fairly an achievement for a membership lower than 12 months previous.
Houlding adopted the Metropolis of Liverpool’s color, purple, for the enjoying shirts in 1894, and the liverbird within the membership crest in 1904. Later the membership slogan “You may By no means Stroll Alone” has been added.
That is how three males, in 1892, based what was later to grow to be essentially the most profitable membership within the historical past of English Soccer – Liverpool FC.


Proud to be British
The Claud Butler bike brand can trace its history and experience in the UK cycle industry back over 135 years.
The story began in 1880 when Fred Hopper established a cycle repair business in a former blacksmith’s shop in Barton-on-Humber, no more than 12 miles from our current warehouse. Bicycle repairs soon gave way to manufacture and the business flourished. By 1906 F. Hopper & Co. was employing over 400 people, and by 1912 the company had developed export markets in Japan, India, South Africa and Australia. Shortly afterwards the company acquired the Elswick Cycle Company located near Newcastle, and in 1913 its name was changed to Elswick Hopper Cycle and Motor Company. In 1974 Elswick Hopper purchased Wearwell Cycles, a company so long established that reference to it could be found in the Bicycle Yearbook of 1872. In 1978 the Falcon Cycle Company was also acquired, and for some time it was operated as a subsidiary company.
That is just a very brief snap-shot of our past, but what we always prefer to focus on is our future. We have a wealth of knowledge and experience within our team working from the company’s headquarters, now based in Birmingham, England. One thing that has remained constant throughout all our history is our passion to build great bikes. That passion and, personal interest has helped us lead the way in product development and will ensure Claud Butler stays at the forefront of the cycle market.
From children’s bikes to mountain, touring, city, BMX, men’s bikes, women’s bikes, sports bikes and specialist lightweight racing thoroughbreds. Claud Butler creates all these and more, and into each goes the care and craftsmanship you would expect from a company with over a century of experience and an enviable reputation for quality.


The history of Distel
|Distel, the name being an acronym
derived from 'Display Electronics ', as
far as we know, was the very first PUBLIC free of charge on line database.
The system was designed and installed in the mid 1970's, enabling
users with access to a modem to contact Display Electronics 24 Hrs a
day, 7 days a week, browse through it's large stocks (very much larger
now !!) of electronic low priced and surplus items, and place on-line
credit card orders.
The original hardware was based on a DEC PDP11 mini computer, running the RSX operating system with just 5 mb's of hard disk space and 64 Kb of ram !! All the programs were written in a compiled version of Basic, taking about 25 minutes to compile each time a change was made to the program.!
Starting with a single dialup connection running at (it seemed fast in those days !) just 300 baud. Over the years Distel was expanded to 8 dialup ports each running upto 9600 baud. The good old DEC PDP11 was upgraded to an 11/73 cpu and eventually hosted 2 gb's of hard disk and 1 mb of memory - the whole system occupying a small air conditioned room !!
At it's peak, Distel would take over 2000 calls per week from all four corners of the World, resulting in many orders and customers who still buy goods from us today. Much to our delight, Distel became part of the curriculum in many educational establishments and was often used to demonstrate the practical uses of computer communications.
We have continued the tradition of Distel via the World Wide Web in the form of our own website www.distel.co.uk and with the ever staggering progression of technology, pioneers like Dave Fisher, (he had the ideas) and John Hodges, (he wrote most of the software) wonder what's next ?


The Chumash Houses
The Chumash houses are interesting. They are nothing like the houses we have today . They were made out of willow trees. The walls of the houses consisted of grass, thatched with tule.
Chumash coastal village site
Homes of the Chumash.
Web Page by Richard and Brittney.


In 2013 co-chair Beverley Holland was keen that the group promote Richard’s especial connection with the Barnard Castle area and the north of England but also that it help connect people with the medieval era, its people and personalities, events and places.
Richard III’s North
Members have now collaborated to create this guidebook to ‘King Richard’s North’: a busy but non-exhaustive array of interesting places to see, places to visit or places to note as you drive past, with details of their Ricardian or late C15th connections.
The guidebook is now available and a copy of the order form may be downloaded from here.
Whilst the city of York itself was Richard’s ‘fair citie’, his local capital and key to his lordship in the North, it is already well-documented for visitors in an excellent and extensive webpage by the Yorkshire Branch of the Richard III Society and so we warmly commend visitors to this: http://www.richardiiiyorkshire.org/historic_york.html


Whether in Denmark, Belgium, Holland, or Norway, the interrogations were everywhere and at all times conducted by the Gestapo with the same savagery, the same contempt of the rights of self defense, the same contempt of human dignity. He had only that afternoon finished constructing another smaller guillotine and he needed a victim. Blood and the boys distended rectum fell to the cement slab. Hart in , it may be Japanese in origin, and is made of unknown materials, although X-rays have revealed that it has a wooden armature. I take the liberty to point out this fact, because it was just this decree, which is known as the notorious " Nacht und Nebel " decree, which in its formulation and execution was opposed by Keitel. The words of Article 21 are not "of public knowledge" but "of common knowledge. I had reached, in my summary, the description of the life of these prisoners who had been put into cells and who sometimes wore handcuffs and had shackles on their feet attached to an iron ring in the wall.
Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Severed Head
That was the purpose of my inquiry. He wondered if medical science could repair the testicle that been busted by a kick from the man. The trucks were hurled along the rails, by the SS and often broke the legs of the prisoners who were not warned of their approach. Friday 6th August The circumstances for the realisation of his fantasies could not have been better - now he really had a chance to castrate all sots of guys with little or no chance of anyone knowing or caring.
Watch Porn videos mixed with shocking Humor sick funny videos sexy movies
Life in Mauthausen-and I shall declare before this Tribunal only what I myself saw and experienced-was a long cycle of torture and of suffering. Do you wrinkle your nose when a fly walks across it? At Mauthausen there were 3, Czechs, of whom were intellectuals. Torc threw his handsome and cum-drenched head back, panting in pain and exhaustion, completely coated in a thick sheen of his freshly spilled male juices. There was no medical supervision. The total number of Norwegian citizens who died during the occupation in consequence of torture or illtreatment, execution, or suicide in political prisons or concentration camps is -approximately 2, The name of this French officer was Major Henri Madeline.
Presented to the Museum by Dr. Alas, we all know that a few French traitors did assist in the arrests and in the misdeeds of the Gestapo in France under the orders of German officers. This systematic repetition of the same methods of torture proves, we believe, that a common plan existed, conceived by the German Government itself. The words of Article 21 are not "of public knowledge" but "of common knowledge. In accordance with the customary procedure of this Tribunal, it has been read. Thursday 19th August
2 days ago


The Second Generation:
Lewis Tolbert Newberry and Mary Frances Shrum Newberry. This picture was taken in approximately 1910.
The Fourth Generation:
Louie C. Newberry and Ruby Marie Leonard Newberry
The Fifth Generation:
Mark Lewis Newberry.
Terry Wayne Newberry and Christy Lynn Rankin Newberry
At least five generation of Newberrys have been making chairs in the same location in rural Macon County, Tennessee since the early 1800s. (There may have been Newberry's making chairs long before that; however, very little of that historical information exists today.)
Today. Louie Newberry (fourth generation) and his sons Mark and Terry (fifth generation) continue the tradition of making quality handmade chairs that will last for generations to come.
In addition to making chairs, all generations of Newberrys have also been farmers. About the only time, the chair-making shop is closed is when there's a crop that's got to be harvested!


Our first ride of 2022 was during a brief escape from the cold when we visited family in Sarasota, FL. While there are a couple of good trails in the area (Legacy, etc.), we decided to try the Fred Marquis Pinellas Trail which starts in St. Petersburg and ends 50 miles north in around Keystone. This was inducted in 2008 into the Rail-Trail Hall of Fame, although we’re not entirely clear as to why. It may be because there didn’t used to be any safe lanes for bikers, runners or families to traverse in this area, so this was a great civic accomplishment. Fred was the city administrator who championed this back in the 90’s and Pinellas is the county it’s located in.


This is a course on the long sixties – an era that stretches from 1954 to 1980. It was during this period that the United States that we live in today was born: Our economy moved into its current post-industrial phase. Our society began to earnestly work toward social and cultural equality for all Americans even as the mechanisms that protected economic equality began to collapse. American global hegemony broke down in Southeast Asia. Our politics, in many cases driven by cultural divisions, divided into the polarized camps that define our contemporary political culture. The mass media where so many of these battles were fought was born. We will approach this amazingly contentious and intellectually invigorating era as historians interested in learning about the events, personalities, and social, political, economic, and cultural shifts that defined the time period. We will focus much of our attention on many of the newer forms of media and the contemporary observations of the nation’s public intellectuals, artists, and activists.


It comes around every year on November 11th—Veterans Day. A holiday we use to remember brave soldiers, to express gratitude, and to honor those who have served and are serving our country. Many people have forgotten or never learned about what the day is all about. Have you ever wondered how it all began?
Let’s go back almost one hundred years to November 11, 1918. On this day at eleven o’clock on the eleventh day of the eleventh month, World War I fighting came to an end when an armistice between Germany and the Allied nations went into effect. (An armistice is when hostilities stop temporarily). The day was eventually recognized as a national holiday, first as Armistice Day. Years later after World War II, the name was changed to Veterans Day to celebrate veterans from all wars.
On Veterans Day we honor all,
Who answered to a service call.
Soldiers young, and soldiers old,
Fought for freedom, brave and bold.
Some have lived, while others died,
And all of them deserve our pride.
We’re proud of all the soldiers who,
Kept thinking of the red, white and blue.
They fought for us and all our rights,
They fought through many days and nights.
And though we may not know each name,
We thank ALL veterans just the same.


Welcome to Ecuador's Cultural Gems: Uncovering the Rich Heritage of Quito's Historic Center, where we'll take a journey through time and space to discover the vibrant cultural heritage of this South American country. Ecuador is a small country, but its cultural richness is immense. From its bustling cities to its small rural towns, Ecuador's history is deeply intertwined with its indigenous, Spanish, and African roots.
In this blog, we'll be focusing on one of Ecuador's cultural gems: Quito's historic center. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is home to some of the most breathtaking architecture, art, and gastronomy in the country. As we explore Quito's historic center, we'll discover the stories behind its winding streets and stunning buildings, and learn about the people and cultures that have made it what it is today.
But don't worry, we won't just be giving you a history lesson - we'll be spicing things up with some humor and fun facts along the way. Did you know that Quito is the highest capital city in the world? Or that its historic center was the first city to be designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978? We'll be delving into these and other interesting tidbits as we uncover the secrets of Quito's historic center. So buckle up and get ready for an adventure through Ecuador's cultural gems!
History and Significance of Quito's historic center
The history of Quito's historic center is as rich and diverse as the cultures that have shaped it. The city's roots date back to the pre-Columbian era when it was home to the Quitu tribe. Later, in the 16th century, the Spanish arrived and established Quito as a colonial city, building grand churches, monasteries, and palaces that still stand today.
But Quito's history wasn't always a peaceful one. The city played a pivotal role in the struggle for independence in South America, with key battles fought in and around the historic center. It wasn't until May 24, 1822, that Quito finally declared its independence from Spain.
The significance of Quito's historic center can't be overstated. As one of the first cities to be designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it's a testament to the importance of preserving cultural heritage. The historic center is a living museum of Spanish colonial architecture and art, with many of its buildings dating back to the 16th century.
But it's not just the architecture that's significant - it's the stories behind the buildings that make Quito's historic center so special. Take, for example, the Church of the Society of Jesus. This stunning baroque church is known for its intricate gold leaf designs, but it also has a dark history. Legend has it that the indigenous workers who built the church were treated so poorly that they put a curse on the building, causing it to collapse three times during construction. Whether or not the legend is true, it's a reminder of the often-forgotten stories behind the grand buildings of Quito's historic center.
Today, Quito's historic center is a vibrant hub of culture and history. Its winding streets, colorful houses, and stunning churches are a reminder of the many people and cultures that have called this city home. It's a place where the past and present collide, and where visitors can immerse themselves in Ecuador's rich cultural heritage.
Architecture and Art in Quito's historic center
Quito's historic center is a feast for the eyes when it comes to architecture and art. The Spanish colonial influence is evident in the grand churches, monasteries, and palaces that dot the historic center's winding streets. But the city's history is also reflected in its indigenous and African roots, with many buildings incorporating elements from these cultures.
One of the most iconic buildings in Quito's historic center is the Basílica del Voto Nacional. This stunning neo-gothic church is the largest in Ecuador, and its intricate façade is adorned with gargoyles, mythical creatures, and indigenous animals. Visitors can climb to the top of the church's towers for breathtaking views of the city and the surrounding Andes mountains.
But it's not just the grand churches that are worth seeing in Quito's historic center. The neighborhood is home to countless beautiful colonial houses, many of which have been converted into museums or art galleries. The Casa del Alabado, for example, is a museum dedicated to pre-Columbian art, while the Centro de Arte Contemporáneo showcases modern and contemporary Ecuadorian art.
Art is also present in unexpected places in Quito's historic center. Take, for example, the many colorful murals that adorn the city's walls. These murals are a testament to the city's vibrant street art scene and often incorporate elements of Ecuadorian culture and history.
Overall, Quito's historic center is a veritable treasure trove of architecture and art. Whether you're interested in grand churches or modern art, you'll find something to appreciate in this vibrant neighborhood. It's a place where the past and present converge, and where visitors can immerse themselves in the beauty and creativity of Ecuador's cultural heritage.
Food and Drink in Quito's historic center
When it comes to food and drink, Quito's historic center is a foodie's paradise. The neighborhood is home to countless traditional Ecuadorian restaurants, as well as trendy cafes and bars that cater to a more modern crowd.
One must-try dish in Quito is the traditional Ecuadorian soup called locro. This hearty soup is made with potatoes, cheese, and avocado, and is often served with corn on the cob and crispy pork cracklings. It's the perfect meal for a chilly day in Quito and can be found at many restaurants in the historic center.
Another Ecuadorian specialty that you won't want to miss is ceviche. This dish of marinated raw fish, onion, and lime juice is a staple of Ecuadorian cuisine and is served at many restaurants in the historic center. Try it with a cold beer or a glass of tangy chicha, a fermented corn drink that's popular in Ecuador.
But it's not just traditional Ecuadorian food that's worth trying in Quito's historic center. The neighborhood is home to countless trendy cafes and bars that offer a modern twist on Ecuadorian cuisine. La Purísima, for example, is a popular bar that serves craft cocktails made with Ecuadorian ingredients like guava and tamarillo. And Café Mosaico, located on a hill overlooking the city, offers stunning views and a menu of light bites and coffee drinks.
Overall, Quito's historic center is a food lover's dream. Whether you're in the mood for traditional Ecuadorian dishes or trendy modern cuisine, you'll find something to suit your tastes in this vibrant neighborhood. So come hungry, and prepare to be dazzled by the flavors and aromas of Ecuador's culinary heritage.
Cultural Events and Festivals in Quito's historic center
Quito's historic center is not only a place of stunning architecture, art, and food, but it's also a hub of cultural events and festivals. Throughout the year, the neighborhood plays host to a variety of celebrations that showcase Ecuador's rich cultural heritage.
One of the most famous festivals in Quito is the Fiestas de Quito, which takes place every December. This week-long celebration includes parades, fireworks, music, and dancing, and attracts visitors from all over the world. It's a time when the city comes alive with color and energy, and when locals and visitors alike come together to celebrate Quito's unique cultural identity.
Another important cultural event in Quito is the Holy Week celebrations, which take place in the lead-up to Easter. During this time, the city's churches and religious sites are filled with worshippers, and there are processions and reenactments of the Passion of Christ throughout the historic center. It's a time of reflection and spiritual renewal, and a chance to see Quito's religious heritage in action.
But it's not just religious festivals that are celebrated in Quito's historic center. The neighborhood is also home to a thriving music and arts scene, with concerts, theater performances, and art exhibitions taking place throughout the year. The Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, for example, is a cultural center that hosts a variety of events, from poetry readings to dance performances.
Overall, Quito's historic center is a place of rich cultural heritage, and the events and festivals that take place here are a reflection of this. Whether you're interested in religious traditions, music, dance, or the arts, you're sure to find something to pique your interest in this vibrant neighborhood. So check the calendar and join in on the celebrations – you won't be disappointed.
Quito's historic center is a true gem of Ecuador's cultural heritage. From its stunning colonial architecture to its vibrant arts and food scenes, this neighborhood is a must-see destination for anyone interested in exploring Ecuador's rich history and culture.
Whether you're wandering the narrow streets and alleys, admiring the intricate details of the colonial buildings, or trying out the delicious local cuisine, there's something to discover around every corner in Quito's historic center. And with a calendar full of cultural events and festivals throughout the year, there's always something new and exciting happening in this vibrant neighborhood.
But perhaps the most striking thing about Quito's historic center is its ability to transport visitors back in time. As you walk through the neighborhood, it's easy to imagine what life was like in colonial times, with the sounds and smells of the past still lingering in the air. It's a reminder of the rich cultural heritage that Ecuador has to offer, and a testament to the importance of preserving and celebrating this heritage for generations to come.
So whether you're a history buff, a foodie, an art lover, or just looking for a unique cultural experience, be sure to add Quito's historic center to your travel itinerary. You won't be disappointed – in fact, you might just fall in love with this vibrant and fascinating neighborhood.


Cathedral symbol of Milan, the Duomo is a late gothic masterpiece. Its construction started in 1386 d.c. and it was finished only in 1813, nearly 600 years later. The facade of the cathedral was concluded for last. Some minor rework kept going for the whole 19th century.
The Cathedral building works were finally concluded only in the fifties, when the last tiles were inserted to complete the right gate of the facade.
The Duomo is famous for being tremendously big: it is the third biggest Church in the world, right after St. Peter’s Basilica and the Seville Cathedral; another amazing feature of the Duomo is its decorative abundance: the building is towered by 3400 statues, 96 Gargoyles and thousands of half-busts and stoneworks. Today the Duomo covers most part of its square and allows visitors to observe it from every side.
The best moment to do so is at late evening, when the sun is low it shines on the whole facade, brightening the pink-white Candoglia marble. The “Madonnina”, a statue of the Virgin Mary, the protectress of the city, towers the whole cathedral from the highest spire, at 108,5 meters high
Undoubtedly the most famous theatre in the world. Opened the 3rd of August 1778 with Antonio Salieri’s play “L’Europa Riconosciuta” and two ballets of the Master De Baillou, it was designed by Piermarini, who had in mind a simple structure, in a slightly neoclassicism style.
The inside of La Scala, built in the particular horseshoe-shape, is entirely made of wood and its acustic is terrific. La Scala has 260 daisies, 4 balconies and 2 galleries.
Being La Scala globally recognised as the olympus of lyric music, every major artist exhibited on its stage and its season is among the most followed around the world. Annexed to La Scala we can find a museum where mementoes belonged to the greatest musicians, such as Arturo Toscanini, Franz Liszt, Gioacchino Rossini, Giacomo Puccini and Giuseppe Verdi, are kept.
While visiting the museum, If no rehearsal is scheduled, it is possible to admire the theatre from one of its daisies.
Supposedly built in 1368, the castle was at first a simple military outpost.It was only thanks to Francesco Sforza, Lord of the city, that it became a impregnable fortress.
The rebuild works were undertaken by Antonio Averlino, called the Filarete, who realized the central tower, who took its name from him as the Filarete Tower. He also built the two fortified round ashlar towers and the Ghirlanda, a sort of fenced area outside its walls, who was later on destroyed and only its subway passage is nowadays visitable.
As Ludovico, son of Francesco Sforza, rose to power the castle started to lose its strictly military use and started to turn into the Sforza family residence, one that could compete both for luxury and art with the most important courts of Europe, also thanks to the aid of the genius Leonardo Da Vinci that improved both the defensive side as well as the decoration of it. Within the castle we may still find nowadays the Milan’s art collections, among those we can find the Pietà Rondanini of Michelangelo.
Santa Maria delle Grazie Church is one of the most important churches in Milan and one of the most important 1400 d.c. buildings in italy. The true luck that struck this church is the fact that in 1492 the Lord of Milan, Ludovico Sforza, decided to make his family mausoleum out of this church. Il Moro, as Ludovico Sforza was also called, contacted the great architect Donato Bramante to project the majestic church’s tiburio.
The Lord of Milan also committed the task of painting the Last Supper on one of the walls of the refectorium where the convent monks used to eat to Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo realized his masterpiece and one among the most important piece of art in art history.
The last supper is the syntax of everyone of Leonardo’s study of optic, geometry and anatomy but most important is a painting able to take the breath out of the viewer for its beauty.
Remember to book your visit with large advance, because due to conservation policies, only few people are admitted in the room with the painting every day.
The Basilica is dedicated to the saint protector of Milan and second in importance only to the Duomo. Great masterpiece of Romanesque architecture, it is one of the oldest but better conserved churches in the world.
Sant’Ambrogio was built in 379 to fulfill the desire of the Bishop Ambrogio, who will later be named Saint. Starting from 397 the Basilica hosts the human remain of the saint that are still visible in the crypt. Inside the Basilica we will find the “Golden Altar”, an excellent goldsmith masterpiece of Carolingian age by master Volvino.
Above the Altar we can find the ciborium, a singolar monument of the IX century built by four porphyry columns that holds a canopy decorated by colourful plasterworks.
The Basilica is preceded by the Atrium of Ansperto, a great rectangular space surrounded on three sides by a portico that culminates, on the fourth side, into the narthex from where it is possible to enter the Basilica.
The Atrium was built in the XI century above a similar construction of the early christian Basilica
Among the more than 60 city museum, the Brera Art Gallery is the most important one. The palace of Brera was built in 1651 as convent and than turned, by will of Maria Theresa of Austria, into an important scientific institute provided with astronomical observatory, library and bothanic garden (each one of them still visitable nowadays)
The Pinacoteca inside the Brera palace, was opened for public in 1809 by the will of Napoleon Bonaparte. Inside the Pinacoteca hosts one of the most important art collection of the whole Italy, comparable only to the Uffizi in Firenze.
While walking the hallways of the Pinacoteca you may encounter some among the greatest art masterpieces of the world.
Among them we can find paintings of Andrea Mantegna, Raffaello, Piero della Francesca, Giovanni Bellini, Tiziano, Lorenzo Lotto, Tintoretto, Bernardino Luini, Donato Bramante, Caravaggio, Pieter Paul Rubens, Antonie Van Dyck, Tiepolo, Canaletto, Francesco Hayez and many many others.


Vilnius is the largest city and the capital of Lithuania. Vilnius is a cosmopolitan city with diverse architecture. There are more than 40 churches in Vilnius. Restaurants, hotels and museums have sprouted since Lithuania declared independence, and young Vilnius residents are building the city's reputation for being the most hospitable in the world, as evidenced by an active participation in the Hospitality Club. Aušros Vartai Street. The icon of The Virgin Mary, Mother of Mercy is venerated in a chapel at the medieval gate at the top of this street.
Like most medieval towns, Vilnius was developed around its Town Hall. The main artery, Pilies Street, links the governor's palace and the Town Hall. Other streets meander through the palaces of feudal lords and landlords, churches, shops and craftsmen's workrooms. Narrow, curved streets and intimate courtyards developed in the radial layout of medieval Vilnius. The Old Town, the historical centre of Vilnius, is one of the largest in Europe (3.6 km²). The most valuable historic and cultural sites are concentrated here.
Airlines to fly into Vilnius: Austrian Airlines, Czech Airlines, Delta, Finnair, LOT, Lufthansa, Scandinavian Airlines, United Airlines.


Redevelopment of the former Amsterdam office of Van Lanschot Bankiers on the Concertgebouwplein. The building dates back to the early 20th century and is a nationally listed building. The original architect for the office building was E. Verschuyl.
Kees Rijnboutt and Frederik Vermeesch
IMd Raadgevende Adviseurs
BOAG Advies en Management
Wolf Dikken adviseurs
Listed building consultancy:
Conserf monumenten adviesbureau
Joost Verheus and Rutger Schoenmaker


Yu Zhou, also known as Jacob, has been interning at Publyon since February 2023. As well as supporting the consultants, he’s also a part of the Monitoring team and assists the Energy & Sustainability team.
Prior to his undergraduate studies, Jacob lived and went to school in Belgium. He moved back to the Netherlands to study History at Leiden University. While studying in Leiden, he developed a broader interest in the history and politics of the Netherlands and discovered a keen interest in cultural history. As a student, he worked at Museum de Lakenhal and then as an exam trainer and tutor at secondary schools in Hoofddorp, Heemstede and Nieuw-Vennep.
In the autumn of 2022, Jacob did an internship at the Bestuurdersvereniging (association of local councillors and aldermen) of the CDA. Here he was able to familiarise with the dynamics and lines of communication between local politicians, the House of Representatives, and party headquarters. At weekends, he is finishing his thesis on Pim Fortuyn’s cultural criticisms, in which he tries to chart the historical development of Fortuyn’s cultural thinking. After completing the internship, Jacob wants to take the master’s degree Governance and Management of Complex Systems at Erasmus University Rotterdam.


At Easter in 2017 I was lucky enough to have a sculptural installation titled Wounds of Love hosted by Norwich Cathedral
as part of The Cross exhibition.
Three elements, inverted wooden organ pipes, were stripped back to their partially traded under surface revealing the marks and 'bleed' spots in the raw wood. These were leant up against the wall to represent the three crosses at Calgary. The centre element had a mirror inserted in the 'mouth' at the foot of the element, a wreath of thorns was places into the very top cavity and the element was lit from within.
The crown of thorns was seen as a shadow on the ceiling and one had to prostrate oneself at the foot of this 'cross' in order to see yourself reflected as one would be in Christ.
A series of black & white photographs of grave crosses was also part of the show


The Landmark by Crozier office will be closed on May 19th, 2014 (Monday) to celebrate Victoria Day.
We will respond to all messages as soon as possible upon our return.
Wishing you a bright and wonderful Victoria Day long weekend!
In honour of Queen Victoria's birthday(May 24), here’s some Victoria Day Fun Facts:
1. The earliest postage stamps in the world were the Penny Black of the United Kingdom and had the head of Queen Victoria on them.They were first used on May 6, 1840.
2. As a kid, Queen Victoria was trained to keep her chin up. To help her out, holly was put under her collar to irritate her if she put her chin down.
3. Victoria’s mom spoke German at home and even though she ruled England for 64 years, Victoria never learned to speak perfect English.
4. Queen Victoria was the last teenager to rule England.
5. Some cities celebrate this day with fireworks in the evening.


Fred D. Huckelbury
Fred D. Huckelbury was a mid-Twentieth Century Restoration Movement Evangelist who held hundreds of revivals and baptized thousands into Christ. Besides holding revivals, Brother Fred held full-time preaching ministries from 1953-1984 with Central Christian Church in Fayetteville, AR, Julesburg, CO Church of Christ, and Harper Road Christian Church in Corinth, MS.
Brother Fred had a profound impact on almost everyone he met including Rock Solid Ministries’ founding sponsoring couple (officated their wedding), its founding Director/Evangelist whom he baptized and ordained – Grandson Tom Weaver, and associate evangelist, Greg Stickland who was first directed to Kingdom service as a young man by the powerful preacher.
Many of the messages on these audio files were originally prepared to be played over the air on a local radio station in Corinth, MS. It is our prayer that you will enjoy listening to these sermons, remastered and digitized from their original reel-to-reel format. May the preaching of the Word from this powerful man of God stir the hearts of many in 21st Century as it did in 20th.


22nd March 1943
Changed from SHERBRO LIMITED to UNITED AFRICA (SIERRA LEONE) LIMITED.
19th April 1958
Changed from UNITED AFRICA (SIERRA LEONE) LIMITED TO UNITED AFRICA COMPANY OF SIERRA LEONE LIMITED.
1st of March 1976
Changed from UNITED AFRICA COMPANY OF SIERRA LEONE LTD TO UAC OF SIERRA LEONE LTD.
UAC MOTORS A DIVISION OF UAC OF SIERRA LEONEL LTD was closed and the franchise they held (which included ISUZU) were retained by NATIONAL MOTORS.
29th Oct 1995
UAC OF SIERRA LEONE LTD was changed to TRACTOR & EQUIPMENT SIERRA LEONE LTD.
Majority shareholders changed from UNILEVER PLC to MANSOUR GROUP OF COMPANIES.


Pine Brook Jewish Center (PBJC) was founded in 1896 and originally held religious services in local farmhouses. From 1906-1912, services were held in the Sunrise Hotel on Hook Mountain Road in Pine Brook. In 1912, the first building was erected. This building was expanded in 1950 and again in 1970 when the congregation reached 75 families.
In 1982, PBJC, then consisting of about 150 families, constructed the current building. In 1995, Lake Hiawatha Jewish Center, a neighboring congregation established in 1945, merged with the PBJC, and as a result the congregation gained approximately 100 new families.
Currently, the congregation consists of more than 500 adults and several hundred children, reflecting among other things the rapid growth of the community. We have just renovated Scheinman Hall, our social hall, and now have a beautiful facility to host celebrations.


The Old Student House in Helsinki provided a magnificent venue for the third Finnish UISGE festival organized as a two-day event at the turn of January and February. In the building’s Great Hall and Stage, one could spend two very enjoyable evenings mingling with people sharing an interest in the water of life, and sampling from a selection of two hundred different bottlings. In addition to such floor activities, twenty expertly guided tastings were also arranged in the smaller rooms above.
The credit for both the original idea and the actual organization of the festival belongs to Mika Jansson and Ilkka Ruponen, who first started developing the very notion of a Finnish whisky festival back in the spring of 2010. The first UISGE 2011 was organized in Gallows Bird, a restaurant in Helsinki’s neighbouring Espoo. The festival turned out to be so popular that a larger venue was definitely needed. The Old Student House situated at the centre of Helsinki then proved to be a very suitable location indeed.


This article will discuss some crucial questions regarding the definition and the subject of the Anussim-Marranos.
- The first part will give some historical outlines, including the expulsion of the Anussim from Southern Italy as well as their persecution during the Inquisition.
- The second part will focus on the question of the identity of the Marranos or the Secret Jews with the aim of finding a pattern of faith between two religions, rather like a border-line identity.
- The article will also take a look at the theme of the Marranos in relation to the phenomenon of social marginalization and the resulting emigration to the Mediterranean and to the American continent.
- Finally, the article will describe how communities of Southern Italy today are seeing a revival of Judaism and are also expressing their attachment to the land of Israel.
- A HISTORY OF THE EXPULSION AND PERSECUTION IN SOUTHERN ITALY
In 70AD slaves from Jerusalem arrived on the shores of Southern Italy – arriving both at Syracuse in Sicily and in Brindisi in Puglia. Continua la lettura


Anne Sheppard, 39 years old
The majestic and magical castles of Northumberland are a beautiful reminder of its past. Dotted along the coastline — some bold and brave on the rocky cliffs above the beach, others reinvented for the modern world through blockbuster films — they all have a rich history to explore and any from the list below are well-worth a visit. Alnwick Castle is the second largest inhabited castle in England and home to the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland, whose ancestors have lived here since Now renowned as the magical setting for Hogwarts in the Harry Potter films, you can relive some of those scenes with a spot of broomstick training, see how the other half lives in the State Rooms and try your hand at castle dating from 1313 medieval arts and crafts. Alnwick is open to the public from March to October and holds regular seasonal events including summer concerts. The position of Bamburgh Castle makes it one of the most breathtaking places to visit.
From the smaller motte and bailey earthworks to the world famous Leeds Castle, all have been geotagged onto the Google Map below. We have also included a short synopsis of each of the castles, including castle dating from 1313 history behind them and who they are now owned by. Although we have attempted to create the most comprehensive listing on the internet, there is a small chance that a few castles may have slipped through our net. Looking to stay in one of these fabulous castles? Features a virtual tour! Eynsford Castle is a rare survival of an early Norman castle, unaltered by later building works. Its location close to London also makes it a great venue for anyone looking for a day trip out from the capital!
Stirling Castle , located in Stirling , is one of the largest and most important castles in Scotland , both historically and architecturally. The castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag , which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. It is surrounded on three sides by steep cliffs, giving it a strong defensive position. Its strategic location, guarding what was, until the s, the farthest downstream crossing of the River Forth , has made it an important fortification in the region from the earliest times.
More about castle dating from 1313:
These are just a few of our top heart-thumping memories from our favorite episodes. They manage to make their way out to the dance floor during the undercover operation. She finally reveals her gift to him at the end of the episode. He shows her how the cute pooch likes to be rubbed by making circles with castle dating from 1313 thumb on the back of her hand. It starts out as a perfectly innocent moment, but then something happens.
If you're tired of trying to meet New Castle women at bars and clubs, it's time to join the thousands of New Castle singles who are already online making dates and finding love in New Castle. Sign up for your free online dating account to find your next date in New Castle! Sign up in 30 seconds and meet someone. New Castle Single Women. Dating Girls in New Richmond Layne. Meet Women in New Albany Melissa. I'm Melissa and I'm looking for someone to share life adventures with. Dating Girls in New Castle samanthajorr. Women Seeking Castle dating from 1313 in New Point dreamnd I'm going to say this upfront
From Canterbury to Walmer Kent has a long list of famous and beautiful castles rich in history. The historic sites range from Norman and medieval ruins to grand and spectacular estates surrounded by moats and stunning gardens. Families can enjoy days out in all weathers at the castles , from exploring the interior, strolling around the gardens, and learning more about the history through re-enactments. We have compiled a list of 17 spectacular castles you can visit in the county so you know exactly where to head for your next family day out.


In memory of Roland Swälas
Let us start with a little information about me...
My first old car was an American 1917 Premier which I bought for 5o + years ago. In its engine there were a couple of different looking sparkplugs and with logo`s not familiar with me, so I saved those. As years passed there were more engines and more plugs to save. So one day, there was a lot of sparkplugs in that box. When I looked it over it really "sparked" my interest.
Since that time I have been to many swap-meets, car shows, flea-markets etc., been digging at old blacksmith' grounds, old motoring houses, junk yards and other places were you perhaps can expect to find old sparkplugs.
Many good friends has supported me with plugs, and I am since many years member (#335) of Spark Plug Collectors Of America (SPCOA), were I have traded, bought and sold sparkplugs.
There are about 850 different brands from 23 countries in my collection today. I also collect "go-alongs" and advertising material concerning sparkplugs.


Where Tradition Encountered Truth
Protestant Reformation Tour featuring the Passion Play
Germany & Switzerland Trip | July 23 – August 4, 2020
With Pastor John & Gudny Munro
Join Pastor Munro and Gudny on a once-in-a-lifetime adventure from July 23 to August 4, 2020, as you explore the development of the German and Swiss Protestant church movement and witness the Oberammergau Passion Play.
- Visit the church where Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses
- Explore the village of Wittenberg, known as the "Mother of the Reformation"
- Drive through Germany's scenic Romantic Road and the stunning Swiss Alps
- Spend the night in Rothenburg, a picturesque medieval walled city
- Enjoy the city of Oberammergau and the special presentation of the Passion Play
- Tour Wartburg Castle where Martin Luther lived after he was declared a heretic
- Ride a boat on Lake Geneva and tour the city known as "Protestant Rome"
- Learn about reformers like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli
Seats are limited and will be reserved on a first-come, first-served basis per registration. Because the Passion Play is presented every 10 years, preparations must be made early.
For all trip details, including a detailed itinerary, cost and online registration, please visit morningstartours.com/CAL1009.
Trip registration is currently full, but additions to our waiting list are welcome!
Contact: Erika Morton, 704.341.5331, email@example.com


The building was Gothic and consisted of a nave, chancel, west tower with embattled parapet and pinnacles, one bell, and to seat 400 people. 250 seats were free and unappropriated. The bell was broughtt form Eastwood Old Church when it was pulled down; it bears on inscription “God Save the Queen 1713” and is believed to be a ship’s bell.
A Vestry was added in 1890, and a gallery increased the seating capacity by a further 117 seats. The first Vicar was Rev. Henry Middleton, to whom a tablet is erected in Church, and Middleton Aveune is named after him.
In 1834, a Mr. Hickeing of Codnor, tenant farmer of Dr. Starbuck Wooley of Heanor, located a font which was being used as a pump through and was placed in the garden of Dr. Wolley. It was the font from the Church of St. Nicholas, the Church to Codnor Castle, and is now at the Church of Crosshill.
On the 2nd January 1875, the new heating system exploded with terrific force, tearing away the staircase to the tower, the gallery doors, and the entrance to the church.


MALACCA: The self-proclaimed Sultan of Malacca Tuanku Raja Noor Jan Shah Raja Tuah wants the so-called investiture ceremonies organised by the Undang Luak of Naning Datuk Abdul Latif Hisham to be declared null and void.
He claimed that the title was given to the Naning chieftain by the Dutch in the 1800s as a mark of gratitude for supplying labour to mend the Malacca port then and that the holder has no royal blood.
“Thus his descendant is just an ordinary citizen and has no right to confer royal titles,” said Raja Noor Jan Shah who claimed to be a descendant of the first Sultan of Malacca, Parameswara.
He said if there was any royal title to be conferred by the descendant of the Sultan of Malacca, he should be the one doing it.
Raja Noor Jan Shah, who claimed to be the 44th Sultan of Malacca, said he was also the rightful Ruler of the Perak Sultanate and that he had conferred numerous titles to individuals since 2005.
“My investiture ceremonies were held to only honour those who have contributed to the state of Malacca and Perak and this privilege is extended to all my subjects in both the states,” he said.
Raja Noor Jan, who claimed to have all the Malacca Sultanate’s regalia including two keris, a silver buckle, a royal crown and brooches, said he would be holding another ceremonial gathering on Nov 19 in Malacca.
He claimed that all the royal regalia had been authenticated as ancient heirloom by the Museum and Antiquities Department.
In a related development, a claim has emerged that titles awarded by the Undang Luak Naning were being sold for huge sums of money.
The confidential secretary to Abdul Latif said there were people who claimed to be recipients to such titles but whose names were not on the list of those who were awarded Datukships by the 19th Naning chieftain.
Meanwhile, Datuk Paduka Seri Syahbandar Omar Ali, who claimed to be secretary to the Lembaga Adat Naning (Naning Customary Board), said Abdul Latif was sacked in 2011.
He claimed that Abdul Latif was a Singaporean and that he was sacked by the Board after it was found that he had no blood lineage to the Ruler of Naning Kingdom.
“He is considered an unlawful chieftain as the same board which appointed him in 2004 dismissed him seven years ago. He has no right to confer any Datukship,” he said yesterday.
Omar claimed that the conferment of titles by Abdul Latif was done solely for monetary gain where each Datuk title could be sold for up to RM100,000 each.
“Imagine, a dozen being conferred Datukships, the amount collected would be in millions of ringgit. I hope the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission will look into this as he has been awarding titles for two years,” he added.
Omar also pointed out that never in Naning history has any chieftain conferred Datukship to non-adat individual (person with no links to Naning’s customary practices).
He said apart from Abdul Latif, there was also another individual who claimed to be the chieftain of Naning who awarded Datukships to unsuspecting persons.
He claimed that the person, who he declined to name, was also never installed by the board but was involved in selling titles for thousands of ringgit to those who were excited to receive Datukship.
Omar said the board had lodged 19 police reports since early this year besides lodging complaints to the MACC.
He also urged those who had paid money for the titles to lodge similar reports so that action could be taken against the culprits.
Omar called on the state government to intervene and resolve the issue before more individuals were fleeced into believing that the Datukships conferred by Abdul Latif were authentic titles.


A little history sourced from https://johnamallin.com/project/st-thomas-aquinas-church-now-st-martin-de-porres/
St. Martin De Porress originally (St. Thomas Aquinas church) was established in the Austin neighborhood on the West side of Chicago in 1908 to serve the area’s Irish Catholics. The current church was built in 1923 in the English Gothic style, designed by the architect Karl Vitzthum, who was a parishioner. The church includes a 12 story high tower. Archbishop George W. Mundelein objected to the height of the tower (still the highest tower in the Austin area), but Msgr. (then Father) Daniel Luttrel dedicated the cornerstone in 1923 without the presence of the Archbishop.In his book, Chicago Churches and Synagogues, George Lane described the interiors. The stained glass mosaic window above the entrance to the church, named the Immaculate Conception window, includes thousands of pieces of glass imported from Munich, and features the Virgin Mary in the midst of angels. There are also large mosaic windows in the East and West Transepts. In 1933, a Kilger organ was purchased for the church from the Swiss Pavilion at the Century of Progress World’s Fair held in Chicago that year.
In 1946, Father William P Long was named a Domestic Prelate, and became Right Rev Monsignor of the church. He had the church redecorated by John Mallin in the early 1950s, which included the ceiling decorations, paintings and gold mosaics. “The upper clerestory windows, five on each side of the nave, change to the grisaille style of glass and admit an abundance of light which gives the whole church a bright open atmosphere. Immediately beneath these windows are spandrels containing medallions of the saints set in backgrounds of gold mosaic. The vaults over the side aisles are also decorated with gold mosaics as is the area behind each of the side altars in the front of the church” (Lane). Behind the high altar there was a giant mural, which was a copy of Apotheosis of St Thomas Aquinas by the Spanish painter Francisco de Zurbaran. Msgr. Long’s face was put on the body of a cardinal in the center of the mural, and also on the head of St. William over an altar dedicated to St. Joseph (Reardon, 1999). This was one of at least three churches where Mallin included the face of a priest or Cardinal in a mural or painting.
In 1989, the church was closed and was being considered for demolition due to financial problems. Three west side parishes were being considered for consolidation, so the archdiocese decided to finance the renovation of the church structure to accommodate the three parishes. The new parish was named St. Martin de Porres, after “a 17th century mulatto physician whose work as a lay brother among the sick and the poor of Peru made him that country’s patron saint of social justice” (Reardon, 1992).
The new church parishioners were primarily African Americans, who resided in the Austin neighborhood and throughout the city. In redecorating the church,”a bust of St. Martin was put near the front door and a sculpture of the saint was placed in a side alcove.” In addition, the 50 foot tall mural of St. Thomas behind the altar was painted over. The paintings that were below the archways in the southwest, southeast, and west transepts were also painted over. The gold mosaic, ceiling decorations, medallions of saints and paintings on each side and high above the altar still remain. The photos taken by Dan Carr of the church interiors in 2011 show the remaining artwork. Earlier photos by Patrick Reardon and from Mallin’s architectural photos in the 1950s are also shown.
Koenig, Rev. Msg Harry C, S.T.D. A History of the Parishes of the Archdiocese of Chicago. The Archdiocese of Chicago, 1980.
Lane, George A, Chicago Churches and Synagogues, An Architectural Pilgrimage. Loyola University Press, Chicago, 1981.
Reardon, Patrick T. Joy and sadness to christen parish. Chicago Tribune, January 22, 1992.
Reardon, Patrick T. In a neighborhood shaken by change, St. Martin de Porres church symbolizes unwavering faith. Chicago Tribune, September 12, 1999.


LEGACY OF ZORAN DJINDJIC
In 2009, Ruzica Djindjic gave the written legacy, certain personal things and the library of Zoran Djindjic to the State Archive of Serbia, the Historic Museum of Serbia and the National Library of Serbia.
The written legacy of Zoran Djindjic includes the notes indicating his thoughts on important state issues and documenting his constant striving for finding the best solutions for the accumulated problems. The written legacy includes such documents as letters to foreign political leaders, proposals for solving certain strategic issues, those on the state of the country, mission, goals and concrete activities for the modernisation of Serbia. These documents represent a first-class historic source for studies of political activities of Zoran Djindjic, but also of the history of Serbia. Apart from notes and documents, the written heritage includes, also, scientific works, including over 200 texts, articles, book reviews and polemics regarding the issues of philosophy, sociology, literature and political theory. All scientific works have been catalogued and bibliographically processed by the National Library of Serbia. The texts have had been published in expert and scientific publications in the period after seventies.
The written legacy is today kept at the Archive of Serbia, where Zoran Djindjic's personal fund has been formed, which added one more historic person of the 20th and 21st century to the Archive, in addition to the personal funds of Ilija Garasanin, Stojan Novakovic, Nikola Pasic, Jovan Cvijic and others.
Personal things of the Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic are kept at the Historic Museum of Serbia: tie, mobile phone, wallet, watch, bag, as well as a part of the Prime Minister's working cabinet, collection of fountain pens, old ties, typewriter, German award Bambi presented to Zoran Djindjic for his political achievements in 2000, as well as the award of the Fund for American Studies, birthday gift of the Democratic Party etc.
PERSONAL LIBRARY OF ZORAN DJINDJIC
Personal library of Zoran Djindjic has over five hundred books, including 44 issues of rare and old Serbian books (publications dating back
to 1867), a considerable number of books from the first half of the twentieth century in Serbian language, especially from the period between two world wars, with the selected works in areas of literature and social sciences, mostly history, philosophy and law, books in foreign languages (German, English, French).The library includes, also, some of the most significant works in the fields of history, political ideas and social sciences. The National Library of Serbia published the bibliography of the collection. The library was preserved in good condition in the Zoran Djindjic Foundation and it reflects the scope and the depth of interest of Zoran Djindjic.
Based on the decision on defining the old and rare library materials as cultural heritage of great importance, reached by the Managing Board of the National Library of Serbia, the library of Zoran Djindjic was included in the list of old and rare library resources of great importance in


We had a Great morning session today – and welcome to Hilde, who has signed up for a month of sessions!
Tomorrow – Friday – we go for coffee after the class at The Gatehouse Coffee shop – the picture above is taken from the roof. It’s a lovely cafe at Walmgate Bar. Bar in this case being an old word for city gate. The cafe’s in one of the surviving old gatehouses in the medieval city walls of York (https://www.facebook.com/gatehousecoffee)