Travel in Israel is suitable for the history aficionado. This destination has glorious and illustrious history that is well documented and accepted to have played a major role in the establishment of some of the most popular religious beliefs today. These religions include Christianity, Islam and Judaism. Israel holds mysterious charm for both historical and modern leisure travelers. Travel in Israel emanates a sense of reverence and admiration in travelers. In addition, this Holy Land rekindles memories of multiple classic stories depicted in the bible as well as other religious works. Travel in Israel is more than just a destination for history buffs. Visitors are offered panoramic and beautiful views of majestic natural formations such as the Dead Sea, old civilizations and exotic activities thereby ensuring a great travel experience to visitors of all walks of life.


One of my favorite things we do at Montgomery Antiques & Interiors is change out our front store display. We take items from different dealer spaces and combine them to create a vignette. This year for Christmas, Jana Michaud, our special events coordinator, and I collaborated in order to make sure the front display matched the color scheme she used to decorate the shop for Christmas. Jana chose the teal and silver scheme.
Jere and I had the pleasure of touring the Palmer-Barlow-Britt home in Furman, Alabama, today, and oh, what a pleasure! The architectural style of the home is coastal cottage, and it is believed to be the first house built in Furman, which is in Wilcox County, Alabama. The home was originally constructed in the early 1830s, and it is owned by the Britt family. Mitchell and Jennifer Britt have taken great pains to restore and preserve the home.


One hundred and fifty THOUSAND , yes 150,000… that is how many allied troops stormed the beaches on June 6th , 1944….70 years ago…. To some that seems like a long time. In the grand scheme of things it wasn’t that long ago in historical terms… However, I can’t imagine being a child in today’s world and being able to fathom the enormity of war on that scale…. I started life at the end of the US involvement in the conflict in Vietnam where we had over 500,000 troops deployed with nearly 60,000 US troops killed in action that is for the entire period of time from when US Ground forces landed at Danang in 1965 until our withdrawal in 1973 …. That is 8 years…. But D-Day (and all of WWII) is a completely different beast!
D-day ONE;1;UN, day in World War II over 150,000 troops changed the course of the war….. of those 150,000 a mind numbing number 9,000 – NINE THOUSAND Allied soldiers were killed, on that single day …. This was the start of the ousting of Nazi Germany’s occupation of western Europe. Ultimately the Allies were successful and in my opinion saved the world. This post, though, isn’t about the entire War or even Operation Overlord, Neptune or Bodyguard… this post is my way of honoring the bravery and sacrifice of those 150,000 allied troops 70 years ago today.
If I could speak to them any of them, I could only express my gratitude, respect and appreciation of the unimaginable sacrifice they made for us.
Hollywood, and a plethora of authors , historians, even video game engineers have tried to show people what it was like ( some accurate, some insulting, some completely disrespectful, some authentic and genuine etc….) but the only people that will ever know, are the troops that were there on that day. The rest of us can only barely begin to imagine the horrors witnessed and committed , the terror, the pain and please forgive the cliché but the blood, sweat and tears, the screams, the explosions, the blood soaked sand and sanguine water…. There are many , too many individual acts of true heroism and sacrifice performed that day many that we will never know…. To each and every US serviceman or woman from all time, but today especially for those who served with the Operations on D-Day , my eternal gratitude!! YOU were part of history that will never be forgotten and are owed a debt that can never be repaid. I hope over the past 70 years you have each found peace and know that I and my family will continue to honor you and all our service men and women always.
Before I close out and post this here’s a news story that some of you readers may not have seen today, it moved me and really gives you some perspective on life, and it also is because I can relate to the things that he says about fear, emotions, and the reasons why he goes and how he feels about what he was doing on that fateful day in history:
Thank you Jim “Pee Wee” Martin!
As always my dear readers:


Whether you're interested in the ancient world, medieval and European history, American studies, world history or even public history, you'll find this is an exciting degree program with plenty of potential for academic and professional careers. Through course work and close cooperation with professors, students are challenged to consider issues of Christian faith and values within the process of understanding the past.
The History major offers students a wide range of courses in American, European and world history. This is the recommended degree for students who want to pursue a career in history or a related field. The major culminates with the History Capstone Seminar and a senior thesis. Beyond a solid academic base in the historical discipline, this degree program includes substantial opportunities for field experience that supplements coursework with practical knowledge that will last a lifetime.
Examples of courses in this major:
This global history course will examine important developments in the civilizations of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Western Hemisphere from the development of world trade in the 16th century to the rise of globalism in the 21st century. Themes to be investigated will include politics and government, art and ideas, religion and philosophy, family and society, science and technology, earth and the environment, and interaction and exchange. An emphasis will be placed on showing how these meta-themes are manifested in cultures throughout the world.
In this topical survey of the history of the United States to the end of World War II, students will be introduced to the major issues, developments and perennial questions that cut to the heart of American identity. The course will cover such topics as the ideological origins of the American nation, the historical relationship between state and national sovereignty, race and slavery, sectional tensions and the Civil War, social and religious movements, and the culture wars that continue to impact American society today.
A survey of the history of the ancient roots of civilizations beginning c. 3000 B.C. at the river valleys of Mesopotamia and Egypt and ending at the fall of the Western Roman Empire, 476 A.D. The remarkable contributions of the ancient civilizations of the Near East, the Greek city-states, China, India, Subsaharan Africa, Meso-America and the Roman Empire will be discussed.
This is an in-depth investigation of the geography, history and mythology of the American West. The effects of this Western image on Americans as a whole as well as global reactions to this image will be examined.
This course is an introduction to the cultural, political and geographical history of Latin America and the impact of Spanish and Portuguese colonization. As such, it examines the culture and history of Central and South America and, to a lesser extent, the Caribbean. It examines the region’s indigenous civilizations, society under colonial rule, independence movements and Latin America’s role in political events during the modern era. The course will have a special focus on Mexico and may be integrated with an on-site J-term study tour to Mexico City and the surrounding region.
The individuals who will challenge you to learn:
B.A. in Humanities, Columbia International University; M.A. in Church History, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School; Ph.D. in Religious Studies (Historical Division), University of Iowa
Dr. Jared Burkholder specializes in American religious history. He has published research on the history of American evangelicalism, 18th-century Moravian communities and Anabaptists in North America. Burkholder teaches courses in American history, politics, religion and the Middle East. He has traveled and researched in Europe, led a group of students on a study tour of Mexico, and is engaged in various writing projects including co-editing a history of Grace College & Seminary entitled "Becoming Grace" (BMH 2015). He enjoys do-it-yourself home projects, restoring antique clocks and traveling. Jared and his wife, Connie, are originally from Pennsylvania and have three children.
B.A. in History and English, Spring Arbor University; M.Sc. in British History, University of Edinburgh, U.K.; Ph.D. in British History, University of Edinburgh, U.K.
Dr. Mark Norris is the dean of the School of Arts and Sciences, professor of European and world history, and he advises pre-law and social studies education students. Norris is engaged in various writing projects dealing with Tudor England, the history of India, and religion in America during the early part of the twentieth century. He co-edited a volume on the history of Grace College & Seminary entitled "Becoming Grace" (BMH 2015). Norris has taken students on study trips to Scotland, India, and to areas in the South that were instrumental in the Civil Rights movement. He also is coach of the Grace Mediation team. Mark and his wife, Marla, have three children and live in Warsaw, Indiana.
Some of the positions you can obtain:
Professional historians shape the way we interpret the past and bring it to life for others. Those employed in this field often teach at colleges and universities and conduct research in archives and historical facilities all over the world. Historians are involved in professional organizations and academic institutions, and they communicate historical narratives through the books they write and the articles they publish.
This field includes professions in organizations such as museums and historical facilities. Those in public history may even be involved in living history reenactments or have jobs within the national park system. Often, public historians work to preserve and organize collections of historical artifacts and documents. In this capacity, they must be specialists in the science of historical preservation and provide the public with access to the collections under their care. With a graduate degree, doors will open for careers at the state and national level.
Working within a library system provides many opportunities to serve as a resource for library users and researchers. In addition to being specialists in the care and cataloging of books and related materials, librarians provide a variety of services to the public, often functioning as educators and community leaders. Administrative positions are available with further graduate study.
An archivist is a professional who assesses, collects, organizes, preserves, maintains control over and provides access to information determined to have long-term value. The information maintained by an archivist can be any form of media (photographs, video or sound recordings, letters, documents, electronic records, etc.).
Writing is an integral skill for a career in history. Many writers, whether they produce fiction, nonfiction or work as a freelance writer, benefit from a background in history. They provide literature and writing services that are creative, insightful and accurate and which engage in contemporary trends and the needs of the marketplace.
Many sectors of the publishing industry are tied directly to the field of history. University presses, publishing houses, textbook providers and academic journals all employ a host of individuals who design, edit and publish books, educational materials and online resources. A strong background in history provides an excellent foundation for a career in the publishing industry.
Administer the affairs of museums and conduct research programs. Direct instructional, research and public service activities of institutions.
Escort individuals or groups on sightseeing tours or through places of interest like historical sites, which may include industrial establishments, public buildings and art galleries.
What others are saying:
The Department of History and Political Science at Grace College is dedicated to challenging students to adopt a faith-based, critical approach to historic and present realities. The department is the reason why I am now working to heal social injustices that have been ignored by Christians in the past!
- Benjamin Hyde, B.A., History, 2014
Some people say that history is not a practical degree. But as a current professional in public history and library science, I know otherwise. I am so glad that I chose to major in history at Grace College! Because of their emphasis on the practical side of history and skills in reading, writing and experiences in the field, I felt very prepared to enter the “real world." The history professors at Grace pushed me to strive for excellence in everything—both in academics and in my Christian life, and I can honestly say I would not be where I am today without their influence!
—Anna Klatt, B.S., History, 2010


3 research and production centres in France
Antofénol has three different research and production centres across France.
It all started in 2014, with the founding of our first site in Montpellier, where our natural and innovative eco-extraction technology was developed. Today, our laboratory is dedicated to microbiological testing and the approval process for our solutions.
Five years later, following the company’s development, a second centre was set up in Brittany. In 2019, the Plestan site became our new headquarters, our R&D laboratory and a pilot factory capable of producing our solutions in semi-industrial quantities.


There is a word expressly designed for people like Alice Bareham. That word is “bolshie.” Alice was bolshie to her bones: stroppy, frequently unreasonable and often abrasive.
But she was also bolshie in the purely political sense, a member of The Communist Party for many years, until, like so many British Communists, she left in disgust at the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956. But if her faith in Soviet Communism took a dent then, her belief in socialism did not. Alice and her husband Ted stayed active and were involved in founding The Greater London Pensioners Association in 1973.
But though she could be a bit of a nightmare, there was so much more to her than that. In the years I worked with her I came to see her as a friend and I feel very privileged that I had the chance to get to know her. Not just because talking to her was like encountering the whole history of of the British Labour Movement made flesh (or at any rate, made gristle). No, I became really fond of the cantankerous old firebrand, and I was proud to sing The Red Flag with her few surviving comrades at her funeral.
Graphic Novella £10.00
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If you enjoy it, please order a copy because proper comics are much better!


Montauk Point Lighthouse Museum & Gift Shop
2000 Montauk Highway, Montauk, NY 11954 •
Email | Visit Website | Map
Welcome to the Montauk Point Lighthouse, the oldest lighthouse in New York State. The Lighthouse was authorized by the Second Congress, under President George Washington in 1792. Construction began on June 7, 1796 and was completed on November 5, 1796. This historic landmark has been part of Long Island's land and seascape for over 200 years and still serves as an active aid to navigation.
This beautiful historic Montauk site plays frequent host to wedding ceremonies and other special events. Group and school tours are available on a year round basis at the Montauk Point Lighthouse Museum. Please call for information and reservations.


History of Ibiza
The story about the island of Ibiza
With an age of 223 million years there are rock formations on the island, a time when the Mediterranean Sea did not exist but another sea, much larger than the current one, which covered part of what are now the Balearic Islands, was the Sea You massage Once the plates of Africa and Europe approached, this happened 65 million years ago, the Betic mountain range was created, of which Ibiza is part.
About 15 million years ago it was the last phase of folding and it is at this time when the Pitiusas Islands are born. In Ibiza there are sediments from the secondary, tertiary and quaternary periods. About 8000 years ago in the Stone Age, the first colonizers arrived, from this time we have the Can Sargent monument, (between the coast and the airport). The history of Ibiza begins to be written 1600 years before Christ, where rudimentary villages were built, based on large stone circles, such as those on the slopes of Cap d 'es Llibrell in Santa Eulalia.
The foundation of Ibiza
The island was occupied by many civilizations and peoples who imposed their culture and organization on it. Although it was not until 654 that Carthage founded Ebusus = Ibiza, with Diodoro Sulario who provides us with the first reference since he calls the Pitiusa island because of the multitude of pine trees that grow there. With the Phoenicians, culture and economy flourished. The largest Punic Museum in the World is in Ibiza, Puig des Molins Museum. The salt exploitation facilities and probably the lead mines of San Carlos were built.
The Carthaginians of Ibiza had left Fenicia, they were very good merchants, from this time we have the following sites: Puig d'es Molins in Ibiza capital, Ca'n Sora in San José, Es Curieram in San Vicente, the latter is the temple of the goddess TANIT. After, and after Roman domination, the city of Ibiza gets the title of Confederate City, this civilization is left with the aqueduct of S'argamasa, in Santa Eulalia and the statues that were, until recently, at the entrance door to D'alt Vila, now they are in the Archaeological Museum.
After the fall of Carthage in 146 B.C. and until 70 A.D., Ibiza became a pirate center, which is why Rome decided to occupy it and in the year 70 it was incorporated into Hispania under the name of Ebusus.
In 426 AD C, Ebusus was devastated by the Vandals of Genserico who incorporated her into his North African empire. In 554 it passed to Byzantine hands.
Ibiza city at dusk
From 902 to 1229 Ibiza was under Muslim rule under the name of Yebisah. At the beginning of this domain the island depended on the emirate of Cordoba and, later, on the Taifa kingdom of Denia, until in 1080 the Moorish kingdom of the Balearic Islands declared itself independent.
The island would reach its economic peak in the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
In 1114 it was occupied by the troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Catalans of Count Ramón Barenguer III, with little success but with great loot, because they had to flee after asking the Muslims for help to the Almoravids.
In 1235 Gillerm de Montgrí, with the approval of King Jaume I of Aragon the Conqueror, took the island for the Crown of Aragon and expelled or enslaved the Muslim population, repopulating the island with people from Ampurdán, Barcelona and Tarragona.
King Jaume II of Mallorca granted Ibiza a municipal government that would last until the Insaculation Decrees of 1454.
During the medieval centuries new buildings emerged, both civil and religious. In the highest part of the city the headquarters of the University were installed and next to it the Chapel of the Savior, and the Cúria. As for the church of Santa Maria, it was enlarged with the construction of the Gothic apse and the bell tower. These buildings were arranged around the cemetery, which until the 17th century occupied the current cathedral square. For its part, the castle-almudaina enclosure was adapted to new military and political needs, being the habitual residence of the feudal representatives and governors.
The arrival of the decline
During the 16th and 17th centuries in Ibiza, a mercantile and aristocratic class was created and another in the countryside that gradually became impoverished due to the plagues and droughts.
In 1522 the Germanies of Mallorca intervened the city, entering Ibiza in a period of endemic misery, increased by the change of routes to the Atlantic from the discoveries of 1492, by the attacks of the Turks in 1536 and by the great plague of 1652. After the War of Succession to the Spanish Crown between Austrians and Bourbons, King Felipe V stripped Ibiza, for its support of the Austrian losers, of the income of its salt flats, exploited since the time of the Carthaginians, and suppressed their governing bodies after the New Plant Decree was promulgated.
The impoverishment of the island continued throughout the sigthe XVIII, despite the growing shipping activity due to the rise of privateers and the important cultivation of almond. The differences between the inhabitants of the city of Ibiza and the peasantry were more and, in the early nineteenth century, social tensions erupted. The armed countrymen went against the city, although they were defeated and summarily tried in 1824. In the days of the Restoration, after new mobilizations, many farmers were expelled from the island.
In the late nineteenth century there were three important events for the city: the demolition of the second lurch, allowing urban growth to the area of Vara de Rey; the construction of new roads and the execution of the works of the port, which favored the increase of maritime communications with the Peninsula and Palma de Mallorca, positively affecting the urban and rural life of the island.
From 1868 Ibiza benefited from the contribution of capital from Cuba and the establishment of regular boat services with the peninsula, beginning a slow recovery until the Civil War. During the Civil War Ibiza suffered attacks from both sides with more personal losses than materials.
As of 1960 in Ibiza, as in all the Balearic Islands, a frenetic tourist growth began that had its own personality here, with the hippie movement, and that over time would result in a young and disco tourism, becoming the capital of the young party in Europe.
The beauty and climate of the island, with beautiful coves and beaches, has made tourism has brought great wealth to the island and, in fact, has become a monoculture, along with that of construction.
Nowadays Ibiza is still synonymous with party and nightlife. In it are the best nightclubs in the world, which is why numerous low-cost lines offer trips from all points of the continent throughout the summer season.


While we don't know exactly, this concerto was probably written in the 1730's. It's melody was probably originally written for another instrument. During this period, Bach served as Capellmeister at the Court of Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Cöthen (1717-1723) While much of Bach's writing was centered on sacred music, this his responsibilities at Cöthen were predominantly secular. Prince Leopold had a small kingdom of only 5,000 subjects, but he had a great love for music . As a teen, he convinced his mother to start hiring a musical staff with whom he could play music and by the time he took the throne, his "staff" had grown in size to a chamber orchestra. Friedrich Wilhelm I, the King of Prussia had re-allocated his resources to focus more on military and there were many newly unemployed musicians available raising the quality of Leopold's ensemble.
This is probably the most joyous of Bach's concertos. Since the keyboard of the day was unable to sustain notes, Bach placed elaborate embellishments.


The Bellarmine and other German Stoneware II by Alex Wright 2011. (featuring the face mask collection of the late Peter von Hout). Hardback book of 105 fully illustrated pages, 350 full colour photographs. Illustrated are Bellarmines, face masks and dated medallions. Information on dated examples known and Bellarmines from shipwrecks. Also other German Stoneware, Early Stoneware and decorated shards.


1) The History of Far east Food
Though it owns an interesting history that spans over 5000 years, Chinese culinary history only commenced to be recorded during the 5th Hundred years B. C. and advanced across several dynastic intervals including the Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Imperial oversight played an important role in the development of culinary trends. A cook’s work was started tight culinary rules based on the emperor and senior officers. China’s varied regional, weather and cultural influences read the development of vegan and non-vegetarian dishes with exclusions that followed the availability or religious relevance of certain ingredients. More than the last 2000 years, Chinese cooking saw the introduction of strong culinary arts distinctions over the banks of the Yangtze River. Western travellers brought with them dairy products, a category of products rarely found in historical culinary data. The blurring of ethnic and geographic lines led to the development of regional cuisines and the ‘Four Schools’ and ‘Eight Schools’ of this food as well as several dietary trends. Today, we know these as ‘cleansing’ or ‘balanced’ diets. Old Chinese cookbooks list practically 200 distinct vegetables and over 100 types of meat that featured on imperial and common choices throughout the country. Through each one of these cultural, religious and imperial upheavals, the key philosophy of this delicacies has been moderation, balance and harmony. Buffet Near Me
2) China Food under western culture
Chinese food has always enjoyed immense popularity on the western part of the country. Today, there are practically 50, 500 Chinese restaurants in the United States, a homage to the popularity of a culinary style that feeds more than a billion people every day. Some of the most popular Oriental dishes that find their put on tables around the world include:
Chow Mein: This delightful marital life of hand-drawn noodles, meats and select vegetables such as Bok Choy and bamboo shoot. Chow Mein, served crispy or gentle is popular comfort food in the West and may be served with a hot sauce or with a choice of milder, aromatic sauces.
Sweet: Roast duck is easily the most popular premium delicacy served up in Chinese restaurants. The modern Peking duck is a challenging interpretation of an imperial recipe that acts up a beautifully glazed roast duck with perfumed herb sauces and soft meat. Some gastronomes have hot as far as to name it ‘China’s Domestic Dish’
Xiaolongbao: These soups dumplings form excellent ring finger food and accompany other dishes. These steamed buttocks are served with soups and several gravies collectively with a garlic white vinegar sauce or a Schezwan dip. A culinary aunty, the sweet Lai Wong Bao is the perfect end to a China meal.
Kung Pao Chicken breast: One of the most popular savory dishes from southwest China, Kung Pao chicken is among the finest illustrations of a recipe that has survived since the imperial aristocracy of the Qing dynasty. This naturally flavored chicken is usually cooked properly in peanut oil.


In the years following McLaren’s victory at the LeMans24 Hr race in 1995 with the racing version of their iconic F1 road car, the competition upped their game meaning development of the F1 had to be pushed even further. Thus the F1 GT “Longtail” was born, with extended rear bodywork to give even better aerodynamics. FIA rules meant that one road going version of the car had to be built to allow the car to be raced. That car is held at the McLaren Technology Centre in Woking, UK, and Photographer Wilson Hennessey was asked to photograph it for a McLaren web feature. These are the pictures, retouched and graded here at Mustard Post.


Journey through the shadowfell
The time has come to tell a tale that must be retold many times. We must remember we had a home far away from here on Rhe’yorel. Our new home echoes the old, but only vaguely. This home began as port cities founded by the human kingdoms in their strength, important trading and diplomatic stations, but as tensions rose between the great empires, concerns with these faraway lands and uncivilized peoples faded. These ports became sleepy cities with the facades of great empire. Now, these cities are alive again, but with a life much different than before. Here we remember where we came from and what we had to leave behind. Here we remember the goodness of the gods and the terrors of evil. To do so is to tell the great tale of gods and mortals and heaven and earth.
There were once two great empires in the world: Abeir and Bael Turath. Among the human kingdoms, the nobles of Bael Turath rose by demonic pact to dominate the lesser peoples north of our lost Atullan’s Dragonspine mountains. To the south, Dragonborn allied with other free races to form the great empire of Abeir. These two empires competed tumultuously in all things, even to the involvement of higher powers, but amid all the noise of rivalry, no one noticed the silence. A well-known seer of Ioun, and many of the other mediums, had fallen silent. Gods and men carried on their politics, but, unseen, the realm of the devils began to fall oddly still and orderly.
Vecna’s Cunning & “The New Line”
Vecna had taken Ioun’s seer that through torture and corruption he might wrest the secrets of prophecy. He learned of a plan still barely bubbling in the minds of only the strongest devils: to put aside their squabbles and ally with Zehir in order to bring about a ritual powerful enough to overcome their prison and bring themselves into the mortal world. Vecna saw personal opportunity in their plans and began his schemes amidst both great empires, revealing for the first time how terrible his cunning is. First, he lead a highly influential Tiefling family into a new pact, infusing vampiricy into their already strongly demonic bloodlines. This family remained loyal to the greater empire, for now, but they called themselves “The New Line” and kept their unholy hunger secret. Second, Vecna sent agents into the noble Eladrin kingdom of the Dragonborn empire to seduce noblemen and academics whose taste for power and fear of death had made them wander from their Eladrin brethren and were ready to form an elite cult of capable liches. Fear and bitterness and hate secretly ripened in Eladrin hearts til ready to be used.
The War of the Gods
Ioun, blessed Diviner, also saw the devil’s plans, but almost too late. The devil’s ritual required powerful divine blood in order to bring them into this world. Zehir poisoned Bahamut to leech the essence of his blood, but Ioun had alerted the other gods. Pelor, Kord, and Moradin made war upon Zehir and the devils. Zehir was interrupted before he could complete his bleeding of Bahamut, but Bahamut was greatly weakened, and so, by extension, were his patron peoples. Moradin and Kord slew Zehir, Moradin crushing the snake’s head. It was true the devil’s plan had been interrupted, but it was not entirely lost. Though they lacked the essence to bring their most powerful into the world, they could still extend their influence here on this mortal plane in preparation for a future day when they might rule the world in person. They knew that the time to secure that future had arrived. With the godly powers that supported Abeir weak and mending, the echoes of the god’s war thundered down onto the mortal world.
The Great War (of Mortals)
The tense peace between Tiefling and Dragonborn empires erupted into brutal conflict. Martial law became the only law. The fierceness of the war was surpassed only by its length. Army after army marched through the land, never to return, but always replaced by another. Lands were razed again and again. First the mountain passes and borderlands became desolate, but as years of war passed, the centers of power in both empires receded, leaving a wilderness of desolation. The losses were innumerable. Tiefling armies were organized according to family lines, and as the years of warfare passed, entire families were lost. The New Line, meanwhile, used its influence to survive the war as much as it could, consolidating power and waiting for orders from its dark master. Much of the Eladrin forests were burned and liches spread ever greater fear and hatred. After years of warring, Bael Turath desperately used the essence of Bahamut to summon a pit fiend and scores of war devils to lead a massive army. The great army marched on the Dragonborn capital and was stopped at the very gates only with the loss of many of the strongest dragons and countless soldiers. Even more countless souls swelled the gates of the Raven Queen’s stronghold over decades of war. Malcontent grew in the vassal kingdoms of both empires as they were emptied of able-bodied men and women, though each nation, each city, knew its fate was tied to its empire and desperate fear drove loyalty to overcome dissension. Sadly, it also drove many to wicked acts. Opportunists preyed on the weak. Conquerers raped and pillaged while the conquered commit suicide rather than surrender. Even entire contingents cannibalized their enemies for survival. Famine took the weak left behind, and as the war reached its later decades, desperation left depleted realms lawless. The war then was all either empire knew or cared for. Dark powers continued to fuel the desperate war and also broke it apart. In-fighting between the new and old lines was leading Bael Turath down the path of unavoidable collapse, but decades of war, fear, and famine had left both deteriorated empires dangerously close to failure. Fearing the worst, both empires mustered all their remaining military strength. The two mighty armies were posed to meet near the largest pass between the empires. Both went ready to end the Great War, but no one could imagine the horrors that awaited them.
The Death Unleashed
Asmodeus and Vecna had planned for this moment for ages. Both sought to rule what remained of the empires and shape them into their likeness. Gods too had all planned for this end of the war. But gods and devils were not the only ones scheming. As these two armies approached each other, darkness swirled in the skies overhead. Lightning pealed and the ground rumbled. Before the armies opened a planar rift linking this world to the land of shadow. Channeling the dark energies and death left by a century-long war, Orcus opened a rift to the heart of his forces in the Shadowfell. Legions of zombies, wraiths, and aberrant creatures poured through, throwing themselves upon both armies, feeding off the slain to grow ever stronger. Orcus emptied nearly the entirety of his forces in the Shadowfell, bringing them all to bear upon the earth. The carnage was unspeakable, but it was also only beginning. The rift lasted for days, and as undead legions marched off across the land in search of warm flesh and the chance to revel in greater suffering, the land at the heart of the rift turned black and twisted. A plague upon the land was poured into the world that day, and in the years following, it would spread corruption across the continent. Death spread from this cancer at the heart of the continent faster than most fleeing men. Within a few short years it would cover all of Atullan. The Great War turned into a war of survival among all peoples in every land against undeath itself.
Crumbling Empires & Exodus
The already divided empire of Bael Turath had already broken into civil war and the wave of death caught settlements totally unaware. With so few left to defend the empires, undeath washed through even fortified cities, raising even more legions as they went. The capital cities of both empires were soon overrun. When it was realized that nothing could stop the onslaught, all peoples began fleeing to the furthest lands. What remained of the Eladrin kingdom made plans to leave their ruined home behind and sail to a new home on Rhe’yorel, but Vecna’s liches tragically burned the shipyards, dooming their people to the undeath, all for the power of their new god. The New Line declared itself the new rulers of Bael Turath, Vecna had gained his dominion, but thanks to Orcus it is only a twisted shadow of Vecna’s dreams. Abandoning the welfare of their empire for the preservation of their line and Vecna’s glory, they enslaved thousands of tieflings, humans, and demons in order to preserve the precious living blood they needed to survive in land now covered in death. The great dwarven halls fell silent and their fate remains unknown to this day. As refugees arrived in the furthermost ends of the continent, to the very northeast and southwest corners of Atullan, the human kingdoms made whatever plans they could to leave that now horrid land and sail for Rhe’yorel. Thousands of refugees fled Atullan, some only just in time, some all too late.
A New Home & Aftermath
It’s been 80 years since those last ships arrived in Rhe’yorel. Our refugee fathers crowded into what were once sleepy coastal outposts, having left behind the most horrifying of dangers. They brought with them a small part of once mighty empires, a small part of their academies, order, ambitions, lore, history, and belief. These we must remember. We’ve used our inheritance to build our sleepy ports into great cities. We have expanded outward, taming the wilderness. Order is again returning to the cosmos. Bahamut, now recovered, shelters the few remaining dragons to ensure their survival. The Raven Queen exerted her influence in the Shadowfell unopposed, gaining more power over her domain than ever before. We see her sending agents into the mortal world to preach the proper place of death and repair the imbalance of life and death by preserving the remaining life and preventing undeath. Pelor sends light and emissaries to all who’ll hear. Ours is an age of hope and glorious beginnings. We are not without our troubles, to be sure. There is disagreement about old and new, old enmity that should be forgotten, and over-concerned Elves and gnomes that do not understand what great civilization brings with it, but all these too are opportunities to begin again. Many fear the fervor that arises from opposing ideologies will lead to conflict, but many more seek a diplomatic solution. We come from many lands, with many ideas, even as children of enemies, and yet, we can work together to form the greatest age of them all.
-Santonio Holmes, Lord of New Bah’rhan


Aquarius was affiliated to the Metropolitan Water Board.
In 1960 the club resigned and joined the Nemean Amateur League. It closed down in 1970.
Years in League:
1907 - 1959
Marmora Road, Honor Oak, SE
1907-1959 - White shirts, Black shorts, White socks
Honours during SAL years:
1st Team SAL record


When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1913, it opened up floodgates of prosperity for industrialists and workers all over America. That pivotal moment in history would change the nature of business and industries forever. Today, we are at the cusp of yet another monumental shift, this time driven by the Internet and modernRead More
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Blaahg: Sovereign Borrowing in Latin America: A Lesson from the 1820s
Monday, February 07, 2005
Sovereign Borrowing in Latin America: A Lesson from the 1820s
The 1820s witnessed the first large wave of sovereign lending to Latin America. The lending went to many different countries in Latin America that found themselves newly independent and in need of infrastructure. As Alan Taylor notes,
This was a time of potentially fortuitous coincidence of wants. The borrower was capital scarce, with funds needed for nation-building and economic development. The lenders were increasingly capital abundant, as modern economic growth generated increasing savings, accumulation, and diminishing returns at home.
Investors were very excited about these "emerging markets" that would grow very fast because they were capital-scarce. The lending was indiscriminate, and investors didn't care if the name of the country was Colombia or Brazil or Poyais.
Poyais? Yes. This was a country that was invented by Sir Gregor MacGregor in an amazing fraud. MacGregor actually convinced investors to buy bonds in his mythical country! You can find a copy of the actual document here, and a book about it here.
From the former link:
Gregor MacGregor (he was not a general in any recognised army, nor had he been knighted in Britain) sold similar stock certificates and other Poyaisian material in both Britain and France during the 1820s and 1830s. Despite the clearly fraudulent nature of his promises, Mac Gregor was never convicted of any crime - although he served a short jail term in France awaiting a trial that never came about - and eventually retired to Venezuela where he wrote his autobiography (handwritten notes for which are also in the National Archives of Scotland, reference GD50/112).
# posted by S : 2/7/2005 07:56:35 PM


Wanting to be remembered is probably innately human; we strive to mark this world in a way that it is tough to erase. For prominent architects, this takes on a different meaning. Eames is forever linked with his chair, Corbusier with his movement, and Mies with a phrase. I wander down this rabbit path precisely because I wonder if these architects would be proud. Eames’ chair is still coveted, and Mies stands by his philosophy, but Corbusier’s style is now a little ‘dated.’
While there will probably never be an architectural history class that fails to mention him, his style is a product of its time and its use now is more throwback than ‘modern.’ Would Corbu be proud? Maybe, probably even. But you can bet your dollar that Witkiewicz is forever proud to be linked to Poland’s first architectural style. (What? You have never heard of him?)
With all the Canadian fresh air recently flowing through my lungs, I have been dreaming of timber. Timber barns, timber lodges, timber teahouses next to a glacier. As I strolled through downtown Banff all I could think about was its similarity to Zakopane.
I will venture that when we normally see heavy timer, we don’t think of architectural styles. Instead our mind conjures ideas of Pa Ingalls creating his log cabin in Rocky Woods. We think of the everyday rather than design.
Stanislaw Witkiewicz thought differently. After settling in Zakopane, he came to love the traditional Goral huts and designs that proliferated in the area. In 1890, Zakopane was quite small, but in the next few decades it would gain significant popularity for skiing, health restoration and artistic endeavors. Witkiewicz watched as hundreds of visitors came and observed the construction of Swiss and Austro Hungarian chalets all over his beloved town.
Stanislaw probably felt like I do when I see the domination of McMansions in the landscape, disappointed. But for all we know, he could have been outraged too. Whatever exact emotion he was feeling, he used it to fuel a new style of architecture. It was imperative that the style not feel Swiss or Hungarian, but Polish.
It’s important to note that his desire for a national style was rooted more deeply than just country pride. At the time, Poland had been robbed of her own sovereignty, a series of partitions and uprisings had led to Prussian, Austrian and Russian rule. So while Poland as a sovereign nation may not have existed, Witkiewicz was determined that the Polish style would.
Utilized the vernacular of the native Gorals (native highlanders found in Southern Poland and Northern Slovakia) and mixing it with a bit of Art Nouvea, Witkiewicz created the Zakopane style.
This trend towards the vernacular is not unique to Poland. The arts and crafts movement that took Europe by storm in the 1880 is not dissimilar. Both called for a return to rich design and decoration made before machinery and factory production. People had become dissatisfied by the products they were getting from their progressive factories, they yearned for the past. For Witkiewicz, it had the added bonus of being a return to a truly Polish craft.
Willa or Villa Koliba (because Ws are Vs in Polish) is the original villa linked to the creation of the style. With it, Witkiewicz had lofty aims to build “a home which would settle all existing doubts about the possibility of adapting folk architecture to the requirements deriving from the more complex and sophisticated needs of comfort and beauty. To design a home that would inherently withstand all common grievances and undermine all customary prejudices. To erect a house that would prove that one can have a home, a dwelling in the dominant style of Zakopane and yet be confident that this home will not disintegrate, that it will effectively protect one from storms, gales and the cold, that it will possess the full range of comforts yet simultaneously be beautiful in a fundamentally Polish way.” (“The Zakopane style in Polish Architecture”. )
To do this he used soaring roofs reminiscent of their gothic brethren, chalet-like silhouettes, and the Gorals’ stone and wood carved decorations. He applied meticulous handcrafting but in a way that the Gorals never had before seen. Traditional wooden cottages were made from rough logs, but they flourished in delicately carved patterns and woodworking. Inspired by the practical, Witkiewicz was able to adapt the style to certain aesthetic needs, attempting to combine the folk architecture with complex and refined ideas of comfort and beauty. Throughout it all, Stanislaw believed the Gorals were co-creators of the Zakopane style, even as he shifted the purpose of the vernacular for his own aims. He broadened the geometrical and plant motifs often found in their designs to include the flora of the Zakopane region and in some instances he applied decoration on a more modern design in the way someone might apply a sticker. So all in all, there were pluses and minuses.
Willa Koliba (actually meaning shephard’s hut in Polish) was originally envisioned as a hut to store Zygmunt Gnatowski’s collection of ethnographic artifacts. Witkiewicz, a well known draftsman and playwright, convinced Gnatowski to award the commission to him. What he created went far beyond a hut. These stylish interiors you see are actually really grand for this time. This house was chock full of furniture and utensils, tiled stoves, cornics, curtains and cast elements for door handles and locks. It was ‘designed.’
The orginial building held five rooms. The dining room, drawing room, and bedroom occupy the first level, while Gnatowski’s room and the servant’s room can be found on the upper level. Since restoration, these rooms have returned to what they used to look like. Gnatowski later added an addition to the building, before dying without heirs. From there, the villa passed through a series of hands and wound up in the Nazi’s lap as a seat of the Hitler-Jugend during WWII. Following WWII, it became an orphanage until December 1981. When repairs were once again necessary, it was decided to restore the building and open a museum celebrating this lesser known style that really only ‘technically’ lasted for twenty years.
Whether or not he accomplished his personal, lofty aims, later designers would take these ideas and run with them. They further developed and added decorative shapes to the style. It began to spread, even though it would never reach all over Poland as Stanislaw hoped. It did end up making it to Warsaw though (which is actually pretty far away from Zakopane), where someone tried to adopt it for brick construction. The beginning of WWI would bring the style to a grinding halt. By the time Poland was ready to build again, advancements had left the design ideas largely abandoned, although some villas and homes are still incorporating elements today. Witkiewicz may not have gotten a truly national style, but he did initiate the development of regional architecture and applied art.
People believed the Zakopane style was a return to the golden age and it fit with their idealized romantic version of peasantry. It made them remember a united Poland, a soverign Poland. They adopted it because it was closest to the authentic traits of a nation that no longer existed. It was intended to express true Polish-ness.
And although some regions might lack a true ‘style’, Zakopane truly embraced its own.


The History of the Bloody Mary
The Fernand Petiot Story
It was back in the 1920s when Fernand Petiot, an American bartender at Harry's New York Bar in Paris, mixed up equal parts of tomato juice and vodka. He had no idea that his concoction would become world famous when he agreed with the guy in the bar who suggested he call the drink "Bloody Mary." The patron said it reminded him of the Bucket of Blood Club in Chicago, and a girl he knew there named Mary.
In 1934, Petiot moved to the King Cole Bar at the St. Regis Hotel in New York City, and brought the recipe with him. The hotel managers tried to change the name to Red Snapper, but it didn't stick.
Sophisticated New Yorkers weren't too impressed at first. They said the drink tasted a bit bland, and they asked Petiot to spice it up. He added black pepper, cayenne pepper, Worcestershire sauce, lemon and--for those who wanted more spirit--a generous splash of TABASCO pepper sauce. And that's how an American classic was born.
In 1976, McIlhenny Company introduced TABASCO Bloody Mary Mix. It wasn't the first mix on grocery store shelves, but it was one true to Petiot's original. A spicier version was added a few years later.
The Mary Tudor Story
Mary Tudor, or Mary I of England, was a fascinating woman. As the daughter of Henry VIII, she saw much in her relatively short life. Henry's first wife, Catherine of Aragon, gave birth to the Princess Mary on February 18, 1516; she was heir to the throne of England. However, Mary was declared illegitimate when Henry divorced her mother in 1532 to marry Anne Boleyn, mother of Elizabeth I. She watched her father treat her mother as a whore, make a mockery of her beloved church, and virtually slap her and her mother in the face for all of England to see.
Mary is remembered for the hundreds of Protestants she murdered in the name of Catholicism. This is how she got her nickname "Bloody Mary." She died on November 17, 1558.
It also believed that the Bloody Mary drink is named for her.
See AlsoBloody Mary (cocktail)
Bloody Mary (person)


The last hundred years of Spanish Jewry spent on the Iberian Peninsula soil constitute a slippery slope that just got worse over time. In the 1391 riots, many were killed sanctifying God's name through death (the Jewish act of “Kiddush Hashem”), and tens of thousands were forced to convert to Christianity. The infamous Spanish Inquisition was meant to cast away the Marranos who were accused of remaining loyal to their Judaic roots and to ensure its members did not revert to Judaism. The Spanish Inquisition caused Spanish Jews to leave their homeland, whereas the Portuguese Inquisition targeted the Jews who were forced to convert from Judaism to Catholicism. This series of events brought about the end of the once-glorious Spanish Jewry and was one of the most significant milestones in the history of the people of Israel.
Today we are witnessing a renewed awareness among the descendants of the Marranos who have expressed a desire and determination to connect in a meaningful way to their ancestors’ heritage. The phenomenon, which encompasses most of the Western world, is growing in a way that cannot be ignored.
The study of the history of Spanish Jewry and its culture and the study of the Marranos or Anousim, their history, and the processes of their return to Judaism, form the basis of the establishment of the Institute for Sefardi and Anousim Studies (ISAS) at Netanya Academic College.
Recognizing that it is a moral right to re-adopt the heritage from which their ancestors were torn, the Institute considers it its obligation to provide those interested with a cordial and friendly response.
Honorary President – The fifth President of the State of Israel, the late Mr. Yitzhak Navon
Mrs. Anna Shalit
Mr. Inacio Steinhardt
Dr. David Altman
Mr. Shmuel Pinto, “Tzevah” Foundation
Prof. Abraham Gross
Mr. Moshe Ortas
Mr. Jacque Ben Ezra
Mr. Neil Davis
Prof. Jacques Cohen
Mr. Shlomo Buzaglo, CEO- [email protected]
Mrs. Esti Fienriech, Coordinator on behalf of the college 09-8607785 , 054-6649442
An Israeli registered association: The Institute for Sefardi and Anousim Studies (ISAS) is registered as an association in Israel
Our registration consultants are at your disposal to more questions and details.
For a free consultation call, contact us and a representative will get back to you as soon as possible


A collector and creator of ceramics and pottery, Pastor George has been studying and creating art in his studio for years.
Ceramics are one of humanity's oldest forms of art and oldest methods of making useful implements (bowls, pots, jugs, even toys and weapons), and they go back at least ten thousand years. These forms are also among the most enduring because, fundamentally, ceramic pieces are stone. The clay from which they are made was once stone, ground down over time by geologic processes to a powder. When mixed with water, shaped and heated to near two thousand degrees Fahrenheit, it becomes stone again.
Virtually nothing remains of early cloth, papyrus or other vegetable- or skin-based art and implements, but those that were committed to stone, e.g. the walls of a cave, ceramic tiles, frescos (color mixed into plaster made from clay), or pottery, have survived in considerable number and throughout the world. Ceramic art and implements last a very long time—not just generations, or centuries, but millennia.
Much of ceramic artistry throughout history has been in the form of useful objects: pots, jugs, oil lamps and even toys, but much has also been art just for the sake of beauty: sculpture, tiles, mosaics and frescos, for example.
This part of the site serves two primary purposes: education and enterprise. The education is all about ceramic art: definitions, links to artists, museums and suppliers, and examples from the artist's private collection. The enterprise is the sale of original works of ceramic art from the artist who owns and maintains this website.
One-of-a-kind original ceramic art pieces by George Byron Koch. Bottom mark "Byron" and unique code. All pieces are porcelain unless otherwise noted. These pieces are still available for purchase unless otherwise indicated. Sizes are approximate height in inches and centimeters.
View Pastor George's original work, private collection of ceramics, and learn more about the craft of pottery:


W.H. Riley & Son has been around a long time.
W.H. Riley has been around a long time. How long might you ask? Well in the year W.H. Riley was founded…
- Ulysses S. Grant was sworn in to his second term as President.
- Levi Strauss & Co. first began manufacturing jeans.
- New York’s Central Park was officially completed.
- Jesse James and his gang pulled off the first successful train robbery in the American West, stealing $3,000.
- Remington and Sons of New York started production of the first practical typewriter.
- The first Preakness Stakes was run in Baltimore.
- Coors Brewing Company first began making beer in Golden, Colorado.
- Famed baseball player and manager John McGraw, etiquette expert Emily Post and criminal gang leader Ma Barker were all born.
- Salmon Chase, the sixth chief justice of the Supreme Court, and Johns Hopkins, founder of the famed university, both died.
The year was 1873 when William H. Riley and his son Elmer I. Riley founded a company in North Attleboro, Massachusetts, to sell coal, wood, straw and building materials. W.H. Riley & Son also moved furniture and performed other teaming services.
Nearly 150 years later, heating oil, propane gas, diesel fuel and heating and cooling equipment have replaced coal, wood and furniture moving. But W.H. Riley is still run by the same family, with the great- great- great- great- great-grandsons of William H. Riley now in management roles.
That kind of history provides customers in Southeastern Massachusetts with the knowledge that their heating and cooling needs are being handled by a reliable company with a long-running reputation for quality products and service.


Here you will find the family history of Richard Griffiths and an index to part of the 1861 census of the UK.
Starting with a brief comment there is also a family tree proper which includes family details, surname lists and notes on individuals. If you think that you may be able to help me then please look at the list of names, dates and places which I am actively researching. Alternatively, if you think that I may be able to help you then try the surname list of the folks that I have knowledge of.
If you see a name which you think is familiar check out the 'note' attached to an individual which shows a little more detail. If you disagree with any of the details after 1837 take a look at my collection of certificates which provided the source data.
Since the site also now contains my wife Sue's family tree as well as my own there is a separate listing of her surname interests. Access to her tree is through the same starting page, but under tree 2.
The transcription of the 1861 Census is a searching aid which covers part of the Black Country in the UK. It includes, roughly, the parishes of Netherton, Halesowen, Lye, Cradley, Quarry Bank, Amblecote and Oldswinford, which have been the main areas of my research, and part of Quinton (because it was there !). At present it contains over 46,000 individuals and can be searched, for free, on line.
WebCounter does my counting and
THEY rekkon as ow yow'm visita numba:
This Heart of England site owned by Griffs Treehouse.
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Last updated 26 August 2002


Captains please note as of now we will not be holding a AGM on the date in the fixture book will keep you up to date later.
The league hope every body is keeping safe and well at this bad time.
With great sorrow the League have been told of the Death of Dave Chaplin our condolences go to his family at this sad time.
He passed away in the early hours of Tuesday morning. For all that knew Dave he was one of the nicest person you would like to meet he was always up for a laugh. He was the Captain of the Atoms from 1973 to 1991, also a big part on our committee when he joined it in 1971 he was on the Social committee and the following year he went on the rules and cup tie. He became vice President in 2001 As Captain he had many highlights his team won the Division 1 in 79/80 season and followed it up in 80/81 season. they were bridesmaids in 73/74 and again 89/90. the big success was the Perkins Cup when they won it in 1974 again 1981 followed 1983, 88, 89, In the Hospital Cup his team won the first Division in 1974,75.81, Runners up in 1980,86,89,90. R.I.P Dave.


Immerse yourself in the rich history and culture of the Uyghur people with Noto Serif Old Uyghur, a distinctively elegant serif font designed to capture the essence of the ancient Old Uyghur script. This meticulously crafted font, developed by Google Fonts, seamlessly blends modern design principles with the traditional aesthetics of Old Uyghur, making it an ideal choice for projects that demand authenticity and sophistication.
This font meticulously preserves the distinctive ligatures and stylistic flourishes of the original Old Uyghur script, ensuring that your text exudes an aura of historical significance and cultural depth. Whether you’re creating a scholarly publication, designing a museum exhibit, or crafting a captivating story, This font will elevate your project to new heights of visual appeal and cultural authenticity.
With its harmonious blend of modern design and historical authenticity, This font is the perfect font for bridging the gap between the past and the present. Embrace the rich legacy of the Uyghur people and add a touch of timeless elegance to your projects with This font. Download Noto Serif Old Uyghur today and embark on a journey through the fascinating world of Old Uyghur script.


As a yacht insurance broker, I am always on the docks which means that I get to meet some of the most interesting people and get so see some unreal yachts.
Yesterday at the Ashley Marina, here in Charleston, I was lucky enough to meet the crew onboard "Olympia". Who gave me a brief history of the 97ft beauty.
Olympia was built in 1929 by the New York Launch and Engine Company for George Heck, who at the time was president of the New York Stock Exchange. She was built on the Hudson river, but has since traveled the world and been host to many including presidents, actors, and billionaires.
She will now cruise between Newport, RI and the Bahamas doing occasional charters.


Overview and culture
Perigord’s charm attracts more visitors than any other inland region in France. Beynac and the Fermette, actually overlooking the Dordogne, are no exception.
Attractions are almost too numerous to mention – it appealed to pre-historic man too!
Nearby, origins of the oldest known culture of ‘modern man’ can be explored. The best preserved prehistoric sites, spanning some 20,000 years abound in cultured art; Lascaux II (nearby) is a World Heritage site.
And there is more…
Dordogne: views, valleys, canoeing and swimming
Castles and Chateau of Aquitaine: five in the immediate area
Vineyards of Bergerac and Montpazier: to the West
Ancient Houses and Farms: dry stone walls and steep roofs, round house cabanes
Bastides: villages très beaux…
Not to forget truffles, walnuts and the geese and ducks – sometimes hard to avoid!
Some great places to visit
On the doorstep and within a 10 kilometre radius
Beynac – Sarlat – St Cyprien – Castelnaud – Marqueyssac – La Roque – Domme – Milandes – Puymartin
Within a 25 kilometres radius
Monpazier – Les Eyzies – Font de Gaume (cave) – Montignac (Lascaux II) – Beaumont – Cadouin – Belves – Tremolat – Montfort – Grogelac (cave) – Le Roque St Christophe – Beaumont – La Bugue
Or up to 60km
Bergerac – Cahors – Brive – Perigueux – Rocamadour – Brantome


War horse names taken from the popular battles, These horses witnessed and participated in many battles, That’s why we made a list.
Altivo – This clever horse belonged to Spanish captain Hernán Cortés. “In The Road to El Dorado (2000)”.
BlueSkin – This sharp horse was half-Arabian ridden by George Washington. The color of this horse was gray.,
Nelson – This war horse was quite old acquired by George Washington in 1779. His face and feet were white.
Chetak – Famous horse ridden by King Maharana Pratap from North India, This horse was used in the war between Mughals and Rajput before 1576 at Haldighati.
Palomo – This horse was very attractive and tall, Its tail almost touch the ground. It was used in the Battle of Boyacá in 1819
Argo – It was a female Palamino-coloured horse, Also known as Xena’s well-trained horse, Always clearly understand the whistling of Xena.
Tencendur – It was American most popular horse owned by King Charlemagne in the French
Marengo – Famous horse of Napoleon, This gray horse imported to France from Egypt in 1799
Stranger – This was Aggressive Large, Faster horse, The color was black.
Bucephalus – Known from Turkey’s capital as a well-loved horse of Alexander and is considered one of the most famous horses in history.
Joey – A strong-spirited shy horse by Michael Morpurgo
Sergeant Reckless – Most popular American horse from history, Served in many battles. This horse size was small but his effort and power were awesome.
Traveler – A beautiful horse was famous because of his grace and dignity, Used by General Robert E. Lee’s. The color was gray.
Comanche – Mixed breed horse survived the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876.
Cincinnati – This horse ridden by a commanding general Ulysses S. Grant.
Copenhagen – he rode at the Battle of Waterloo a famous horse of Wellington’s
Kasztanka – This horse was owned by Piłsudski during the battle for Outpost Vegas in 1953
Man ‘ O ‘ War – a very popular American racer horse, This outstanding horse was awarded many times in different sports.
Destrier – The most expensive horse was used by knights in the medieval era
White Horse Names | (265+ Famous Male Female) 2021
Table of Contents
Male War Horse Names
Female War Horse Names


The specific beginning stage of wagering is dark. It is overall acknowledged that wagering in some design or CLUB388 another has been seen in basically every overall population ever. From the Ancient Greeks and Romans to Napoleon’s France and Elizabethan England, a ton of history is stacked up with records of redirection reliant on rounds of probability.
The recently acknowledged European wagering house, not gathered a club disregarding the way that meeting the front line definition, was the Ridotto, set up in Venice, Italy, in 1638 by the Great Council of Venice to give controlled wagering during the celebration season. It was closed in 1774 as the local government felt it was destroying the neighborhood gentry.
In American history, early wagering establishments were known as saloons. The creation and meaning of basr was altogether affected by four critical metropolitan networks: New Orleans, St. Louis, Chicago and San Francisco. It was in the saloons that explorers could find people to chat with, drink with, and habitually bet with. During the mid 20th century in America, wagering was precluded by state establishment. Regardless, in 1931, wagering was legitimized all through the region of Nevada, where America’s at first approved club were set up. In 1976 New Jersey allowed wagering in Atlantic City, by and by America’s second greatest wagering city.
Wagering in club
Gaming machines in Atlantic City. Betting machines are a standard interest of club
Most wards worldwide have a base wagering age of 18 to 21.
In military and non-military use, a club (Spanish) or Kasino (German) is an authorities’ disaster area.
History of wagering houses
Wagering at the Orient Saloon in Bisbee, Arizona, c.1900. Photograph by C.S. Fly.


The first recorded incident of violence over the holy site took place in 1853
The Supreme Court’s suggestion on Tuesday for an amicable settlement to the Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid dispute in Ayodhya has yet again rekindled the debate on the subject that has for decades been a religious and political flashpoint.
The Babri mosque dates back nearly 500 years when it was built in Ayodhya by Mir Baqi, a commander of the first Mughal emperor Babur, in 1528. Hence the mosque’s name, Babri Masjid.
Here is the timeline to the dispute:
1853: The first recorded incident of violence over the holy site takes place during the reign of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh. Nirmohis, a Hindu sect, claim that a Hindu temple had been destroyed during Babur’s times to build the mosque.
1859: The British colonial administration erects a fence at the site to separate the places of worship. While the Muslims are allowed to use the inner court, the Hindus are allowed the outer court.
1885: In January 1885, Mahant Raghubir Das files the first case, seeking permission to build a canopy on the Ramchabutra (a raised platform) outside the mosque. The plea is rejected by the Faizabad district court.
1949: Lord Ram’s idols appear inside the mosque, allegedly placed by Hindu groups. Both sides file suits; the government declares the area as disputed and locks the gates to the premise. Read More


Charlie Richardson – Teacher of History and Politics
Hello! I am Charlie, a history and politics teacher here at Haywards Heath College. I have a vested interest in 19th and 20th century history, as well as the ever-changing story of British politics. I believe the study of history allows us to understand the story of human civilisation to see where we have come from to the present day, and the study of politics to gain a wide insight into the workings of today’s British and American political systems and governments.


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More than 700 convicts were included in the Fleet, along with sailors and soldiers – and today, it’s even a little bit cool to trace your family back to a convict settler. There’s no doubt that those who survived those early years were incredibly hardy, determined and resourceful people. But for me in particular, I find the story of the women founders of this country to be quite amazing.
Outnumbered 4 to 1 by the men, the first 225 convict women arrived on the 3rd June, 1790. After so long without women, their arrival heralded what can only be described as an orgy of … well, you get the picture. Once things settled down a little, women were put to work with the men, keeping the colony going, providing food and shelter and other… comforts.
Both these convict women and those of the local indigenous people were often used as unpaid prostitutes, house maids and concubines. Sexually transmitted disease was rife, as were illegitimate babies and deaths in childbirth. But enough of those women survived to pair up with and sometimes marry the men of the colony (if they were white) – mostly convicts and eventually the soldiers guarding them. They had children, created homes, tended their gardens and families and ultimately, helped in a multitude of ways, to create a growing civilization.
Other women made the enormous trip across the seas to Sydney Colony, too. Women who had been brought up to be anything but hardy and resourceful. Ladies who were married to the officers, all of whom came from the English gentry. More accustomed to needlework, socialising and the occasional baby birth, the rough and ready environment they landed in came as a tremendous shock. But many of them actually flourished in this place. Many of them, such as Elizabeth Macquarie, found herself up to the kind of challenge she would never have faced back in England.
Alas, our history doesn’t record too much of the contribution the ordinary women of Australia made in those early days and instead tends to focus on rebellions, escaped convicts, rum and the tragic consequences of the cultural clash with indigenous peoples. That’s not to say that those things aren’t important – because they are. But the women of Australia – both white and otherwise – had to endure and survive all of those same things, as well as bear children, suffer rape, and, for the most part, have little or no say in their own destinies. Their contribution was just as important as that of the men, and yet they are rarely acknowledged for it.
So today, for my Australia Day, I’m lifting a glass in toast to the amazing women who gave birth to the Australia we know today. Well done. We literally couldn’t have done it without you.


Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela
The hewn rock is at the 11 medieval monolithic cave churches of this 13th-century ‘New Jerusalem’ are situated in a mountainous region in the heart of Ethiopia near a traditional village with circular-shaped dwellings. Lalibela is a high place of Ethiopian Christianity, still today a place of pilmigrage and devotion.
In a mountainous region in the heart of Ethiopia, some 645 km from Addis Ababa, eleven medieval monolithic churches were carved out of rock. Their building is attributed to King Lalibela who set out to construct in the 12th century a ‘New Jerusalem’, after Muslim conquests halted Christian pilgrimages to the holy Land. Lalibela flourished after the decline of the Aksum Empire.
There are two types of the churches in the north of the Jordan River in this beautiful country; Biete Medhani Alem (House of the Saviour of the World), Biete Mariam (House of Mary), Biete Maskal (House of the Cross), Biete Denagel (House of Virgins), Biete Golgotha Mikael (House of Golgotha Mikael); and to the south of the river, Biete Amanuel (House of Emmanuel), Biete Qeddus Mercoreus (House of St. Mercoreos), Biete Abba Libanos (House of Abbot Libanos), Biete Gabriel Raphael (House of Gabriel Raphael), and Biete Lehem (House of Holy Bread). The eleventh church, Biete Ghiorgis (House of St. George), is isolated from the others, but connected by a system of trenches.
These two churches were not constructed in the traditional way, but rather built from the living rock of monolithic blocks. These rock blocks were chiselled out, forming the doors, windows, columns, various floors, roofs and others. This gigantic work was further completed with an extensive system of drainage ditches, trenches and ceremonial passages entering and exiting, some with openings to hermit caves and catacombs.
The Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela are still preserved in their natural settings. The association of the rock-hewn churches and the traditional vernacular circular houses, in the surrounding area, still demonstrate evidences of the ancient village layout. The original function of the site as a pilgrimage place still persists and provides evidence of the continuity of social practices. The intangible heritages associated with church practices are still preserved.


Finding a Life
First published in the Daily Telegraph, 9 January 2021
On a stretch of empty road 200 miles north west of Winnipeg, I stared at a green, north-American road sign. Tangible proof – more real than a copperplate scrawl in an old letter, a mark on a map, even my dad saying, ‘He went to a place called Swan River.’
It was still 100 miles away, signposted because there was little else this far north in Manitoba. The land was flat: the scruffy gold of dry grass, with patches of deep green, the screaming yellow of oil-seed rape, and a few old telegraph poles.
I drove on, tapping the steering wheel. This was it! Swan River – here I come! After all this time.
I thought of my father, dead for nearly 30 years. I was on the trail of – perhaps even honouring – his father. My father had been ten when he last saw him, in 1902, walking out of his home in Dalston carrying two suitcases. ‘I’ll see you before long,’ he’d said. But he didn’t – not before long; not ever.
Tom Reynolds lived as a vagrant on the streets of London for four years until two good people stumped up £2 each to pay his passage from Liverpool to Winnipeg, where men were needed to build a railroad. The Canadians didn’t care if a man was an alcoholic, had been sacked for stealing, had been barred from the family home by his in-laws after years of chaos and violence.
Gold filled the horizon as I drove along Main Street thrilled to be, at last, in this remote place. Were any of these low, flat-roofed buildings there back then? An old wooden grain elevator, five storeys tall, stood beside a railway line. Did he lay the track?
He had given his address as Durban, Swan River, Manitoba. He had walked 20 miles on a warm day in August 1906, and found a job on the railroad. ‘The life I am leading is awfully rough,’ he wrote, ‘but the grub I get is, and has been, good and in quantity.’ On the streets of London he had been close to starvation.
Next day, at the Swan Valley Museum, I spoke to a woman called Ann. She opened drawers of old photographs and lent me a magnifying glass, and I sifted through, searching for a man who resembled Marlon Brando in Viva Zapata. Long ago, in the dark of a cinema, my father had whispered, ‘My father looked like him – huge moustache.’
I found a picture of four men standing on a railway track; one had a dark, droopy moustache. Was that him? He had a hand in his pocket and a watch chain across his waistcoat. Ann made me a photocopy.
Ann said I should meet Stuart Harris, the author of a history of Durban. Tall and tanned, he invited me into his comfortable home, introduced me to his wife and led me to his basement den. We talked and drank cold Molson lager. But he didn’t know of my grandfather – and he was puzzled that he had said he was working on the railroad in 1906: the line to Durban and beyond was finished in 1905.
Did I have any other names? Was anyone mentioned in the letters?
‘Someone called R.W. Glennie wrote to the family in London in 1910 to say that my grandfather had died,’ I said.
‘Have you got that letter? Can I see it?’
I handed him two sheets of paper. He read the first, glanced at the second, gently slapped his knee, looked up and yelled, ‘Bob Glennie! Well, I’m damned!’
‘You’ve heard of him?’
He looked at me in wonderment. ‘I knew Glennie. He was my neighbour for 30 years. He moved to BC in 1945.’
Stuart, it turned out, was 84; he had been born in Durban in 1914. The letter from Glennie, he said, told him a lot about my grandfather. ‘If he was a drinking man in London, he’d have gone on drinking here. It was sort of illegal, but a bunch of them met most evenings at the back of Honsinger’s Livery Stable. Glennie would have been there.’
Durban took off, he said, when the railroad arrived in 1905, with hotels, banks, shops, cafés, a church, a school, a grain elevator and a railway station; a train and streams of wagons pulled by teams of horses arrived every day. About 400 people lived in the town which served the surrounding farms and homesteads. Like the homes of the many ‘bachelors’, my grandfather’s ‘would have been about 18 foot by 12, with a stove, a washstand, probably a plank on apple boxes, a board bed with a straw mattress, nails for his clothes, bare boards on the floor’.
Next day I visited The Swan River Star and Times on Main Street, and pored over weekly back numbers from 1906 to 1910, including reports from the Durban correspondent.
For two years there was nothing. Then, on 20 August 1908: ‘Mr Thomas Reynolds is about to open his boot-making establishment.’ Two weeks later equipment was installed and my grandfather was ‘ably assisted by Mr Frank White’. Later still: ‘The boot and shoe factory is working overtime.’
That was all. I made photocopies and took them to Stuart.
‘Frank White! I knew him well. A good man. He wouldn’t have helped your grandfather if they hadn’t been friends.’
I visited Durban and found no shops, banks or hotels – just ten or so inhabited houses, and about the same number of dilapidated, abandoned ones: the makings of a ghost town.
Later, I stood on a bridge on a dirt road and gazed at the dome of the sky and the wooded mountains to the north and south. Tom had said the valley was ‘beautiful’, and his life ‘not all too bad’. He was right. The space and light, and the wild beauty of the mountains, were exhilarating – as too, I was realising, was the discovery that he had friends and had found a form of contentment.
I drove up into the mountains, stopped by a lake surrounded by pines and watched a pair of loons splash down on the still water. I knew that all this was the beginning of a new understanding, not just of him, but of my father and myself.
As I packed my bag, the phone rang. A voice said: ‘You still there?’
‘Yes. Who’s that?’
‘Harris. Stuart Harris. Thought we might meet and talk.’
We had coffee in the breakfast room. ‘About your grandfather working on the railroad in 1906,’ Stuart said. ‘I remembered: when Frank White first came to Durban, he was employed to fence the railway line. The whole line, Swan River through Durban to Benito, a four-wire fence on both sides of the line – to keep animals, and people, off the track. It was a heck of a job. Four men did it, from summer 1906, through freeze up, and on into 1907. Frank was the foreman.’
He raised his finger. ‘Your grandfather said he was working on the railroad in 1906. He was. Fencing it.’ He paused. ‘And he said he lived for a time with his foreman who was building a house. He did. Frank built a house at that time, on First Avenue South. He lived there till he died.’ Stuart sat back and smiled. ‘And when your grandfather went into the boot and shoe business, who helped him set up the machinery? Frank White.’ He slapped his hand softly on the table. ‘Adds up, doesn’t it?
‘Frank White was a popular man, always making jokes,’ Stuart said. ‘And, another thing, Frank was escaping from some kind of unhappy marriage. Maybe that drew them together.’
On the road back to Winnipeg, I passed a sign – a moose on a yellow diamond – and was reminded that my grandfather built a fence – a necessary fence. And found a new life.