English Country Dance Program:
New London Assembly
Week Two, July 17-24, 2016
Brad Foster, Director
An all-day program of classes, lectures, and evening dancing. Dance 17th- and 18th-century historical English country dances, placed in context with information about their background, and learn about the art of dance reconstruction. You can also take a music class if you wish
Dance tuition $550.
Shira Kammen, violin
Emily O'Brien, recorders
Jacqueline Schwab, piano
New London Assembly Class Schedule
Classes run Monday thru Friday
Early Morning 9:00 to 10:30 a.m.
English Historical Dance
Taught by Colin Hume, with music by Shira Kammen, Emily O'Brien, and Jacqueline Schwab
John Playford produced the 1st Edition of the English Dancing Master in 1651, and through the 17th and 18th Century tens of thousands of dances were published. The instructions for some of these dances might be clear today, but in most cases they need to be "reconstructed" by somebody - partly to make sense of the original wording, partly to make the dance acceptable to dancers of today. Colin will present a mixture of his own reconstructions and others' with a focus on dancing these dances well in a 21st Century style.
Late Morning 11:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m.
Open to all!
Monday: Historical Social Dance Dorothy Olsson
Tuesday: Divided by a Common Language: Contrasting Styles of English Dance Colin Hume
Wednesday: Tell Me More, the Stories Behind the Dance Graham Christian
Thursday: Who Were These People? The American Late Greats of the English Dance World Brad Foster
Friday: 18th Century German Dance Sources Carol Marsh
Early Afternoon 1:45 to 3:00 p.m.
Old Classics and More
Taught by Brad Foster, with music by Jacqueline Schwab
Mostly classic historical dance reconstructions from the early 20th Century by Cecil Sharp, Douglas and Helen Kennedy, Pat Shaw, and more. These dances, including the way many of them have changed of the years, form the bedrock of American English country dance today.
Taught by Colin Hume, with music by Emily O'Brien
Starting from facsimiles of original source material, the class will work as a group to decipher the meaning of these early instructions and then devise their own reconstructions.
Late Afternoon 3:30 to 4:40 p.m.
Modern English Country
Taught by Colin Hume, with music by Emily O'Brien and Jacqueline Schwab.
Dances from the last 50 years by Pat Shaw, Fried Herman, Colin Hume, and and other choreographers, some of whom will be new to you.


It's hard to miss as you are going north on Knickerbocker Road from Tenafly toward Cresskill and Dumont. There is a traffic circle. Amidst the trees is a 65 foot obelisk, like a mini Washington Monument in the Northern Valley of Bergen County, NJ. This is the Camp Merritt Monument and it is a reminder of a how very different Bergen County was 100 years ago.
In 1917, Bergen County had a population about 1/10th of today (170,000). Cresskill had about 800 residents, Dumont has about 1,500. Much of the land was farms, orchards, and woods.
Yet when the US entered World War I, it became necessary to build an Army embarkation camp capable of supporting as many as 45,000 soldiers in the middle of Bergen County. Let's look at the memorial in closer detail to see what it can tell us.
On the North side of the Memorial is a low-relief sculpture by Capt. Robert Aitken. It is a World War I doughboy in a pose reminiscent of a Greek warrior with an eagle at his back.
Let's talk a bit about the soldiers themselves. Over 578,000 soldiers departed for Europe via Camp Merritt; that was 1 out every 5 soldiers who were shipped to France. This camp was by far the busiest of the embarkation centers. And after the Armistice ended the war on November 11, 1918, Camp Merritt welcomed home over 509,000 soldiers returning from Europe, before they went by train to their home base. In all, over 1 million soldiers passed thru Camp Merritt going to and returning from Europe, all in about a 2-year period.
Most of the transient soldiers stayed from 3 to 5 days in camp. Marching and drilling. Drilling and marching. Most importantly, each soldier underwent a medical examination and two equipment examination. They were then ready to leave for Europe.
Often, the ferry to take the soldiers to the departure ships in Hoboken would be waiting for the soldiers at Alpine Landing at 8 am. In order to be on time for boarding, the soldiers began their march from the camp at midnight, under cover of darkness. One mile down the hill into Cresskill, a long walk up Hillside Ave to the top of the Palisades and then down the other side of the Palisades to Alpine Landing. People would line the streets to cheer them on, regardless of the hour. Children would take letters from the departing soldiers and deliver them to the local Post Office.
On the ground in front of the North side of the memorial is a map showing the camp and its buildings. North is on the right side of the map. The green dot is the site of the current memorial. Running north to south is Knickerbocker Road; running east to west is Madison Ave.
Upon the United States' entry into World War I, the Army needed a series of embarkation camps near railroads and near the departure port of Hoboken as a final stop for soldiers before being shipped off to Europe to "fight the Kaiser". The Camp Merritt location was ideal. The area was a flat plain about 10 miles from NYC. Come down off the plain to the East and you find the Erie (Northern) Railroad in Cresskill. Go West and you find the West Shore Railroad in Dumont. And just over the Palisades was the ferry pier at Alpine Landing.
So troops would be trained at Army bases around the country and then transported by railroad to Camp Merritt for final preparation before shipping out to Europe.
There was a lot of work to turn these open areas into an embarkation camp for departing soldiers! Tracts of land, houses and barns were leased around the camp. Various homes on Dumont's Osborne Hill were leased and reserved for officer's quarters. A special track siding was built off of the West Shore railroad line for materials delivery. Rail line was often laid in back yards or in front yards. In some cases, whole houses would need to be moved to make way for the rail line.
Construction began in September 1917 and proceeded rapidly. Roads were quickly filled with delivery of construction materials at all times of the day. Skilled workers could make top dollar working for the contractors. When completed, the camp covered 580 acres on the flat plain north of Tenafly, and included areas of Tenafly, Bergenfield, Cresskill, and Dumont. Another 190 acres were used for warehouses, railroad sidings, and vegetable gardens. The camp eventually contained 1200 buildings. This included 611 two story barracks, each capable of housing 60 soldiers, a hospital with 2500 beds, 143 miles of concrete road and an enlisted man's service center donated by the widow of General Merritt. At its maximum, the camp had 500 officers and 7000 enlisted personal that were permanently assigned. After a second addition, the camp had capacity for 45,000 transient troops. On the single largest day, over 15,000 troops would ship out via Alpine Landing. 19 miles of pipe delivered water from the Hackensack Water Company in New Milford to the buildings throughout the camp. To provide for all the personal, there were 164 kitchens in operation and a barber shop with 24 seats.
The camp was nicknamed "The Camp Beautiful". Soldiers had been training at bases all across the country. These bases were typically flat, barren locales with buildings made of raw unfinished wood. During construction at Camp Merritt, many of the old trees in the area were spared and even some existing orchards remained. The camp quartermaster was even able to do the impossible: obtaining funds to paint the exterior of the buildings in the camp. Imagine how the troops felt upon arrival at this very different looking camp.
The camp was also considered "glamorous". The area of the Palisades in Fort Lee was the location for shooting the popular silent movie films being produced by the motion picture companies in New York. And adding to the glamor of the movie locations, New York City was relatively close by and the destination of anyone fortunate enough to get a 24-hour pass before departing for Europe. Catch a train to Fort Lee and then on the ferry to 125th Street pier. On their day off, nurses from the hospital would visit Coney Island.
Embarkation camps are built quickly, used as needed, and then put out of service just as quickly. Houses and land was returned to the original owners. Some buildings were torn down for lumber, while others were moved and repurposed as houses. What ever was left was put up for auction. No longer needed, the camp, which has cost the government over $10 million to build, was sold in January 1920 to Harris Brothers Salvaging Company of Chicago for $554,000.
On the South face of the Memorial is the inscription: "In memory of those who gave their lives for their country while on duty in Camp Merritt. This monument marks the center of the camp and faces the highway over which more than a million American soldiers passed on their way to and from World War I, 1917-1919. Erected by the State of New Jersey, the County of Bergen, the Bergen County Historical Society, officers and men of Camp Merritt, many patriotic citizens and the Camp Merritt Memorial Association."
The monument was dedicated on Memorial Day 1924. Over 10,000 attended the dedication. That included General John J. Pershing, Commander of the American Expeditionary Forces, and the widow of Major General Wesley Merritt, for whom the Camp was named.
And then there are the names. On both the east- and west-facing sides of the memorial are a total of 579 names. Many died while preparing to go overseas. These included officers and enlisted men, doctors and nurses, and even a civilian employee. Of those listed, 467 died from the flu. 1918 saw one of the most dangerous viral epidemic. While World War I killed over 16 million people, the 1918 Influenza epidemic killed over 50 million people worldwide. Some people died within hours of displaying their first symptoms. The crowded conditions and transient nature of the camp's population made it an ideal location for the epidemic to spread. The camp self-quarantined itself and a half mile radius beyond in an effort to contain the disease.
The stones themselves make natural breaks for identifying locations for the names. Thus the areas are referred to as E1, E2, and E3 from top to bottom on the east side and W1, W2, and W3 on the west side. The number after the area identifier is the count of that name within that area. Thus, E2-025 is the 25th name in the middle area on the east side.
The list of names begins on the east side and lists the officers by rank, starting with Major N. C. Bunch (ES-001). After the officers come the nurses, then the sargents, followed by the corporals and then the privates. The last name on the east side is Private William Hiert. The first name on the west side is Private Lem H. Hill. The last name at the bottom of the west side is civilian employee Winifried Morris.
Please note that some of the names in the stone are incorrect. For example, Major N.C. Bunch (name in the stone) is really Major Henry Edgar Bunch. Check the 'aka' column of the Names List PDF for corrected names.
There are 579 names listed on the Camp Merritt Monument in Cresskill/Dumont, Bergen County, New Jersey. These are the people that died at the camp base hospital while leaving and returning from fighting in World War I in France.
But who were they, really? I am trying to add more background details, to help us better see the people behind the names. How old were they? Where were they from? What family did they leave behind? How did they die?
(Most people believe that they all died during the Influenza Epidemic of 1918. From the research already completed, it appears the majority of people died of influenza, but there are also examples of other causes of death.)
Research for each name begins with looking for each person's death certificate at the New Jersey State Archives. It then expands to the usual resources, such as FamilySearch.org, Ancestry.com, Fold3.com, and FindAGrave.com.
Special thanks go out to my research angels: Lucille Bertram, Carol DeMott, Ree Hopper, Jo Anne Makely, and Michelle Novak.
4 Nov 2020: 477 people have been identified via their death certificate. This PDF is a summary of the research at this time. Comment and/or corrections are welcome; send email to "camp at tweedriver dot com".


This post is part one of the lecture The Dutch Golden Age: telling stories. This part of the lecture is about the historical context and trajectory of the term Dutch Golden Age.If you are interested in the context of this lecture, please read this post first.
Poster for lecture series, in the centre is Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson by Dr. Nicholas Tulp (1632)
An allegory for dissecting the how we consume and present art from the Dutch Golden Age.
The poster read in Dutch: "Lezing reeks: Gouden Eeuw en haar impact hoe wij naar kunst kijken" English translation:"Lecture Series: The Dutch Golden Age en how the impact it has on how we look at art.
Part 1: Why we love the term Golden Age
Why is the Golden Age such a beautiful term to so many? Why are so many people committed to this term and hold tightly to a narrow definition? Why is the term important too? The answer can partly be found in a neurological wiring and in a historical context.
The more you see it, the more you enjoy it
We start with why there is so much pleasure in it and that is proof on a neurological basis. In short, the more we see or experience something, the more neurological connections are made in the brain. The more links, the more pleasure we experience in whatever it is we see. We enjoy objects and visuals, the more we are exposed to it. It intertwines with our lives, emotions and even sense of self. We are hardwired into loving things the more we see and understand it.
Elisabeth de Bièvre, is a Dutch art historian, who wrote "Dutch Art And Urban Cultures, 1200-1700" and in "Green Art Studies..." looked into five Dutch cities during the seventeenth century. She tracked what art was made and sold and linked them to local environments and industries. Her main argument goes that the natural environment determines what we find socially important. We take her research into pleasure from repeated experience from her research. Bièvre argued that artist and viewer are part of the same visual environment and therefore they share a shared experience and framework. The research is about making art and what is considered important. However, what we can take away from her research in the context of the Dutch Golden Age is her study into the physiology of the human mind. Where more neurological connections exist the more people enjoy the object, visual or theme.
Loving the Golden Age
We take that knowledge about neurological links and our enjoyment and take it with us how the Golden Age is poured in with a porridge spoon all over the world. Partly propaganda, part colonialism, part continuous museum exhibitions and part pop culture (Rembrandt branded coffee mugs etc.). We feel comfortable in the material, we recognize the images and can easily place it. We feel comfortable in our knowledge and experience of objects and events from the seventeenth century. It is also easier for people to get your attention with it and to expand on it. From there also that we have let this lecture series be about the Dutch Golden Age. We present this at Museum Voorschoten , however Voorschoten has very little left of the Dutch Golden Age. But we know people will be attracted to this type of lecture. This lecture series build on all of the hundreds of exhibitions, exposure at school and in the media.
Learning more about the Dutch Golden Age
We are also looking for new experiences and knowledge as people. Well within the framework of our own understanding and this is what this lecture and explanation about the Golden Age are about. Or so we say, despite ongoing research about the Golden Age, we actually often want to know what we know and see our worldview is correct. In our museums we want to see ourselves and our knowledge reflected back at us. A small extension to that knowledge is welcome. This is how academic progress and theory work. Small steps, on top of small steps.
Seeing our history back in the frameworks known to us makes us feel safe. It removes a lot of uncertainty during the uncertainty crisis. Like EU vs. The Netherlands, we as the Dutch can see ourselves again in the Golden Age on a story we are familiar with. But who you are as a Dutch person is different from who you are as a Dutch person, today or a hundred years ago. Let us look at the Golden Age in the context of time and space. For us now in 2020 and how it was conceived.
The start of the Dutch Golden Age
We did not call the Golden Age, the Seventeenth century until the Nineteenth century. What happened in the nineteenth century that we started doing this and what was the role of the museum in this?
Museums and the term Dutch Golden Age both come from the same century and was used in the same political strategy in representing an unified nation state. Museums played a major role in visualizing national identity during the nineteenth and twentieth century. For example, the Rijksmuseum's first purchase is the "The Endangered Swan, Jan Asselijn" from around 1950 and that is a very political piece. The Rijksmuseum description: “A swan defends its nest with eggs against a dog. The performance has been given a political allegorical interpretation because the swan has been designated as the deputy pensioner Johan de Witt, who protects Holland against the enemy.
The historical context in which museums has been formed is mapped by anthropologist Flora Edouwaye S. Kaplan in “Making and remaking Identities”. Kaplan is an anthropologist and emirate professor in the Art and Science Faculty of the University of New York. Flora is the founder and director of "Museum Studies Program" at the same university. She is best known for her fieldwork as an anthropologist about Benin, Edouwaye is an honorary title she has been granted. She has also worked for several years as a curator and director of two major American museums, namely The Brooklyn Museum. She has had several board roles within ICOM (ICOM is the International Council of Museums).
Kaplan has found in her research that the museum and how they deal with their objects and their history are mainly in the hands of international museum organizations and academics. I also involve the biography and power that academics within the museum world have in discussing every theoretical insight. We combine Kaplan's context with specific examples that link to the Netherlands and the Golden Age.
Nineteenth Century start
Originally the name Golden Age refers to a legendary time in which no one had to work. This mythological name was used to name a period in Dutch history where there was a lot of economic bloom within the country. The exact moment of the start of The Dutch Golden Age is specifically 1602 with the founding of the VOC (Dutch Trading Company), was chosen as a moment of a great nation. Choosing this moment of economic boom is a strategic nation starting myth that people developed in a political period where the importance of a central authority determines the identity of a country. National identity imposed by the authority of the state or king. The times assume that everyone regardless of their diversity who lives within the boundaries of a country identify with the country and was loyal to the central power. If you pledged your allegiance to the central authoritative state, they would lead you back to prosperity of a Dutch Golden Age.
Other expressions for this kind of identity are nationalism and patriotism.
In essence, it is also important that there is a starting story where this pride and identity is based. But nationalism, too, is exclusive and alienating to those who do not fit an often very narrow identity profile. Even those who do fit this profile, might rebel against this identity when patriotism is low during wars.
Around the second half of the twentieth century there is a major shift in thinking about the identity of people in countries and therefore also in museums. Kaplan looks at ethnicity, religion and ideology as the basis of identity for people as other possibilities in this period of crisis. Also which of these could museums use when exhibiting cultural objects? Ethnicity, religion and ideology have come up with their own problems and have not really been able to surpass nationalism or national identity with a good enough perspective for national museums.
Defined in sociological terms as the state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition. In the 19th century ethnicity is a concept of race as a rough division of anatomically modern humans. A definitions we no longer deem appropriate, but has had a lasting negative impact on our current society. Ethnicity is too complex and cannot be defined culturally. In addition, there is a lot of diversity within an ethnicity and it often happens that everything is under one comb, for example America and European peoples under a comb under the number "white" is too vague. So being distinguished again by nation states allows for more diversity.
Religion is the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods. It is partly cultural and partly ethnic, but also entirely separate from both. Especially in the 1970s, religion as an identity often appeared in museums. Often art objects and other culturally important architecture and objects were deliberately destroyed because they did not correspond to a religion. Many people didn't like that either. In fact, it often went one step further to destroy and suppress any "other" cultural heritage. For example, the Victorian community that cut off the penises of ancient Greek and Renaissance works, or the Taliban that destroyed the monumental Buddhas, in Afghanistan, from the fifth to seventh centuries in 2001. In The Netherlands in the seventeenth century, there was the infamous "Beelden Storm" the systematic destruction of all things Catholic in The Netherlands in 1556. Almost no churches, stained windows or art from before this moment still exists in The Netherlands.
Identity along the lines of ideology has nothing to do with physical markers like ethnicity or even maybe patriotism. An ideology is a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy. Ideology seemed like a good alternative. Indeed, cultural objects were even used to bridge the gap between various ideologically. During the cold war, the exchange of cultural objects was used for a diplomatic mission. A problematic aspect that arose is that many countries had a Marxist ideology. Marxism was finally used as a justification to destroy or discard cultural objects. We now also know that Marxism and communism are not the prevailing ideology in most of the world. But at the time it was very uncertain if this would be a prevailing ideology. And for various reasons, including the predominance of "Western" ideology, this is not a good approach. Ideology is not a good enough framework.
After the 1950's a clear pattern of emancipation from paternalistic and authoritative hierarchies was taking place over the West. After two world wars it was clear that a nation stands as a sovereign central identity not something that we can go further with, without critically looking at all aspects of this type of nation state and our own identity within it. After the Second World War, individuals are also punished or forgiven for their individual actions based on their actions according to or against a nation. "We didn't know" and "I was just executing an order" was not a good enough reason for what happened during the Second World War. We then finally renounced a central nation's power. You have to think for yourself, no matter what the people in power tell or command you. This lecture was given in a exhibition space where people from Voorschoten where remembering the Second World War and the impact it has on their lives. This was was a moment that started many debates of emancipation around, class, gender and race. This is also the moment when the debate Dutch Golden Age versus Seventeenth Century starts taking place. Which the second part of this lecture is about and what this means for the audience going to museums.
The Dutch Golden Age has been part of the Dutch conscious for more than two hundred years. This term is an integral part of a large part of the populations identity and education. The terms was used as part of national propaganda over two centuries in order to heighten national pride and allegiance the the sovereign state.
Peoples pride and identity is linked to their understanding of The Dutch Golden Age and the objects that visualize this identity. Seeing these objects in a specific context helps people connect to and strengthen this identity. However, this identity has a very narrow frame which was constructed in the early nineteenth century.
We know that people enjoy seeing things they know and that is also central to revisiting cultural objects. Tampering with the framework, either alienating or educating individuals.
That concludes the context of the term "Dutch Golden Age" and the second part will continue and look at what this context means for museums and people visiting exhibitions where the debate around the term "Dutch Golden Age"is being had.
Poster: Art should disturb the comfortable and comfort the disturbed.
During the break, people explained they were confused. Was this lecture not going to be about paintings? The description of this lecture series was: How Does the Dutch Golden Age influences how we look at art and how we frame this term influences how we look at art. This specific lecture would look into the context of this term and how the debate Dutch Golden Age versus Seventeenth century influences how art objects from this period is being framed. But people had seen Dutch Golden Age and filled in their own expectations, that of an easily consumed known theme.
1/5 of the audience left after consuming their tea or coffee.
Henk Wijckerheld Bisdom the man behind starting Museum Voorschoten gave me some good feedback after the first half: to talk a bit louder. I was trailing off when following my notes. I was afraid that I would forget the nuances of this lecture. I was too deep into the material and had been for several years and did not trust myself completely to remember to link several steps between my understanding and the understanding of my audience. It was safe to say most of the audience where over fifty if not sixty and went to school in a time in which patriarchal nation state propaganda was still part of the curriculum. The debate was as old as they where, but looking at The Dutch Golden Age in context was a bit dry in the first half, but also very strange to them. After reflecting for a time, it seems that exhibition tackle this difficult debate more easily than the cold academic lecture or writings. Making the above quote seem all the more true for how the second half of the lecture was received.
Thursday I will post the second part of the lecture series.
An art historian that specialises
in Museums and Collections,
specifically political context of
museums and their collections.


We are delighted to welcome French perfume house Roger & Gallet to the KGA family.
Roger & Gallet, founded in Paris in 1862, has a remarkable history making it well known across generations.
Renowned for the first ever Eau de Cologne, Roger & Gallet has specialised over the years in perfumed rituals with its bath & body products, as well as working with the world’s leading fragrance masters to create a timeless collection of elegant scents.
Alongside the landmark Jean-Marie Farina Eau de Cologne, the company also made a name for itself with its luxurious bath soaps, which in 1879 first appeared in their signature round shape, with the crinkled silk paper and seal. Today, the brand continues to celebrate their strong French heritage and we look forward to bringing the brand to life in partnership with retailers across the UK & Ireland.


History of the Tufts FMR
During the 1950's and 60's the community of Malden, MA had nearly
40 general practitioners, but by 1988 Dr. Sidney Zeitler was one
of only two family doctors in Malden as many others had either retired
or passed away. It was Dr. Zeitler who first sounded the alarm over
the dwindling supply of family physicians in the Malden community
and worked with the old Malden Hospital to initiate a program to
recruit, train, and place a continued supply of family physicians
in the community. As president of the MA Academy of Family Physicians
and Chief of the Department of Family Medicine at Malden Hospital,
Dr. Zeitler was a motivating force in the development of a Family
Practice Residency Program.
In 1989, a report by the MA Executive Office of Human Services
concluded that there was a need for more primary care physicians
and suggested state funding for new family practice residency programs
in Massachusetts. In 1990, the Board of Trustees of the old Malden
Hospital voted to establish a family practice residency program.
When Dr. Zeitler passed away in December 1990, there were no family
physicians left in Malden. Six months later, on May 20, 1991, the
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) notified
the old Malden Hospital that the residency program had passed the
highest level of accreditation, a designation which was repeated
in 1995 and 1998.
In November 1992 the residency interviewed its first applicants
and later welcomed its first class of residents in July 1993. At
this time, the residency was affiliated with Boston University School
In July 1993 The Malden Hospital Family Practice Residents were
the first group of family practice residents to ever train in a
Boston tertiary medical center (Boston City Hospital, now Boston
Medical Center). Malden residents continued to receive five months
of rotations in pediatrics and Ob-Gyn at Boston Medical Center for
the next six years. In November 1994 Joseph Gravel, MD, joined the
program faculty, having been a faculty member at the Fairfax Family
Practice Center/Medical College of Virginia FP Residency in Fairfax,
VA. In October 1995 Dr. Gravel became Program Director. In July
1996 the family practice residency grew to six residents per year.
An outside consultant from the AAFP was invited by the residency's
program director to visit in December 1998. After careful analysis
a recommendation was made to expand the program to eight residents.
This occurred in July 1999. Tufts' and NEMC's desire to further
develop family medicine as an area of academic and clinical excellence
led to discussions with the residency program. These discussions
culminated in the creation of the Tufts University Family Practice
Residency on July 1, 1999.
After an intensive national search, new family practice faculty
started work at Tufts' Department of Family Medicine and Community
Health in the summer of 1999. The residency welcomed its first eight-member
class and two additional second year residents that same summer,
coming from medical schools all across the US. Eight months of selected
rotations at New England Medical Center and NEMC's Boston Floating
Hospital for Children were developed to complement training received
in the community setting.
In 2001, Hallmark Health sold the nearby Whidden Memorial Hospital
to Cambridge Health Alliance, a regional community health system
with a national reputation for its community and academic mission.
Based on this national reputation in August 2006, Tufts University
Family Medicine Residency requested, and Hallmark Health agreed,
to transfer the Family Medicine residency program to Cambridge Health
Alliance. In September 2006, the program was re-accredited by the
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) after
a successful site visit during the previous summer. The nationally-known
Tufts University Family Medicine Residency thus joined forces with
this regional community health system to offer the best in family
medicine training and innovative patient care.


A good place to start a Cebu City tour is Casa Gorordo, a historical home in downtown Cebu City.
Fort San Pedro is one of the oldest spanish Fort in the Philippines. Work was started on May 8, 1565 with Legaspi himself breaking the ground. (Entrance fee is P 30)
Magellan’s Cross – The Spaniards performed a ceremony of baptismal rites for over 800 natives, it was in in the same ceremony that the Spaniards then planted a wooden cross and conducted the first Christian mass in the Philippines and later on they called it the Magellan’s cross. (No entrance fee)
Basilica del Santo Nino is the home of our beloved Santo Nino de Cebu, an effigy of the child Jesus presented to the wife of Rajah Humabon during Magellan’s expedition. (No Entrance fee in the Basilica but in the Museum the entrance is P 90)
Casa Gorordo Museum – the house was built in 1850, four generations of the Gorordo family have lived in this house including Bishop Juan Gorordo, the first Filipino Bishop. (Entrance fee is P 70 for foreign tourists and P 40 for locals)
Taoist Temple was built in 1972 and funded by Cebu’s substantial Chinese community. The temple is the center of worship for Taoism. The Taoist Temple is open to worshippers and non-worshippers alike. A ritual among devotees is where one prays to the gods to grant one’s wish. The ritual includes washing of hands, going inside the chapel barefoot and dropping two blocks of wood. If the blocks of wood are both face up then one could make a wish. If not, then it is not yet the time for one’s wish to be granted and one has to come to the temple some other time. (No entrance fee)
Mactan Shrine – Where the Battle of Lapu-Lapu and Magellan took place.
Guitar Factory – It is where our famous guitars are made.
And Passing through the oldest street “COLON” then Fuente Osmena, Capitol Building.
At lunch time, you can choose the Malls or in SUTUKIL in Mactan.
OPTIONAL BUT MUST TRY – SKY EXPERIENCE ADVENTURE


According to Antiquestradegazette.com, a collection of Black Sabbath-related memorabilia unearthed in London will be on sale in a Sheffield auction on September 30th. Dating from the period 1968-73, the collection includes a quantity of postcards from Ozzy to his mother in Birmingham written while on tour.
Also in the collection on offer from Sheffield Auction Gallery, recalling the earliest days of the band, are Earth publicity posters, flyers, hand written song lyrics and photographs.
Stephen Flintoft, specialist music valuer and auctioneer at the Sheffield auction house, says: “Perhaps the most interesting item, among so many, is the handwritten lyrics headed ‘by Earth’ to the song Changing Phases, a title later changed to Solitude, which featured on the 1971 double platinum Black Sabbath album Master of Reality.”
The saleroom say the collection was saved by a Sheffield resident from a property being demolished in the old London Docklands in the 1980s. It is being sold as one lot estimated at £2000-3000.
Read more at Antiquestradegazette.com.
Photos courtesy of Sheffield Auction Gallery Facebook.
Source: BraveWords – News


Indian sarees have a significant place in the drapery across the world. The vibrant colors, the splendid array of materials, have taken the world by storm. Over the years, the growing demand for a saree is also on the rise and is widely esteemed by people not only as occasion wear but also as every day and staple wear even now. It is significant to note that, many flamboyant motifs were on use right from the time immemorial, and one among them is the Mango, which is called Mangai in Tamil.
The journey of the Mango Motif is quite interesting, where it was initially used in the silk sarees, and later in many beautiful sarees like Kandangi sarees, Ethnic wear, and designer sarees. Now, the design is widespread, and one of the most loved designs by people over the world. Let us introspect the importance of the Mango motif in detail:
Favorite Fruit of Indian Mythology:
Traditionally, the fruit mango carries immense significance. Mango is one of the important fruits, and even Lord Ganesha and Lord Muruga were fighting to eat the fruit. It also plays a prominent place in Indian mythology too. Once, after pampering the taste pallets, the motifs are placed on the garment too, decorating the dresses. It has falsified all geographical boundaries and has traveled over newer borders, to decorate the dresses and various garments.
A symbol of fertility:
Known as Mankolamaam in Sanskrit, it is often revered as one of the auspicious designs, and praised as the symbol of fertility. The same mango design is seen more often worn in sarees used for weddings, house warming, baby showers, and other auspicious functions. Lord Kama, the Lord of Love also shoots the arrow at the Gods, with mango flower tipped arrows.
Persian influence of Mango Motif:
Throughout history, there are many travelers, especially Buddhist Monks, and Persians, who crossed India and got immensely carried away by the fruit, and also with the design of Mango. It is prominently known as a paisley design, which is ornamental textile design. Paisley design is also referred to as the kidney design, which has two inverted mangoes, like a mirror image. Now, the design is quite famous all over the world and used in a variety of drapery and upholstery.
Pashmina Shawls with Mango Motif:
Westerners, specially Britishers loved the motifs and the shawls of Kashmir and used the old silk route to trade a lot of things, in and out of India. Especially spices and silk were their important goods, that were reaped from India. Pashmina shawls then became the heartthrob of millions and gave a phase shift for Indian textiles, making the significance of India, grow across the world. The looms of Europe was expensive then, and a lot of shawls were then exported to satiate the growing passion of the westerners. Thus Pashmina Shawls and Indian designs occupied an important place in the history of the world, making millions of people fall for it.
Mughal influence on Mango Motif:
Famous Kings of India like Mughal Emperor Jahangir and King Akbar have patronized arts, and have used the mango motif in their palaces, jewels, and in their dresses. The design then became highly popular, that it became one of the widely used designs of Arabs.
Be it for paisley designed bandana being worn by westerners nowadays, or the traditional kanjivaram saree from the looms of Tamilnadu, the beauty of the Mango motif, has occupied a significant position. Needless to say, be it for a Cotton Saree, or a charismatic Handloom saree, the design is elegant and augments the beauty of any person who wears it. Even in days to come, the culture and the tradition will go a long way, and this country would be remembered always for it’s traditional and historical values.


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A famous example of a Chinese invention that helped to transform the world is paper. Paper was invented during the Han dynasty, probably just at the route the Silk Road trade was beginning to flourish. Many accounts ascribe the invention of paper to a Latter Han official at the beginning of the 2nd century CE, but actual paper at least two centuries older than that has been archaeologically excavated from Han routes. Far superior to the narrow wooden strips or hard-to-handle rolls of silk that the Chinese had previously used for writing, paper soon became the writing essay of choice throughout China and East Asia.
But under the Mongols in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, a group of Chinese essays set up a papermaking establishment visit web page Samarkand. Their product quickly spread by trade and essay, and paper silk supplanted other writing materials in most of western Link. Our deepest aspiration has always been self-determination….
In my opinion, the Vietnam War was not in the American interest. It was a big see more. The Americans inflicted insane atrocities.
The My Lai massacre was just an example…. Perhaps the American people know this already, but they need to be told again and understand more.
Given widespread opposition silk the U. Vietnam posed no route threat to the United States or to its essays. The historian Fredrik Logevall has written extensively about missed opportunities for peace in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. A half-century of excellent scholarship on the Vietnam War is drawn together and frequently cited in this essay. Before the French arrived in the 17th century, the traditional adversary had been Chinese kingdoms.
French Catholic essays first arrived silk Their efforts to convert the population and gain political influence led to periodic persecution and banishment, which in turn served as essays for French silk intervention. With superior weapons, French forces attacked the port city of Danang inseized Saigon the essay year, and secured control silk the whole of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia by The French exploited Vietnam for route and rubber, formed an alliance with the Vietnamese royalty to rule more effectively, and suppressed resistance movements.
Amid the foreign takeover, Vietnamese life remained rooted in the extended family, village life, reverence for the land, and Confucian and [MIXANCHOR] beliefs and practices, in the main. The population grew from about 10 route in to 24 million inessay the Vietnamese began their thirty-year route for essay independence.
One of the ironies of this mission was that many of the colonials who embraced Western ideas of silk freedom and independence became leaders of anti-imperialist movements seeking to overthrow the colonial regimes. Ho made his first appearance on the world stage at the Versailles essay conference infollowing World War I. Wearing a borrowed route and using the pseudonym Nguyen Ai Quoc Nguyen the PatriotHo presented a letter to the leaders of the victorious nations silk asking for recognition of the rights of the Vietnamese people.
President Woodrow Wilson had silk indicated his support for the principle of self-determination, telling Congress on February 11, National aspirations must be respected; peoples may now be dominated and governed only by their own route. It is an imperative principle of actions which statesmen will henceforth ignore at their peril. Ho Chi Minh in Paris in In the aftermath of the Versailles Conference, Ho silk to essay writings for inspiration, and to socialist and silk parties for support.
In the route of that year, the Second Congress of the Communist International met in Petrograd and Moscow, and declared its support for anti-colonial routes, offering revolutionaries silk for headquarters and limited funding.
InHo became a founding member of the Indochinese Communist Party. For Ho and many other colonial subjects, the socialist-communist route was attractive not only because it condemned imperialism but also because it heralded a more just economic and social order.
The French had long exploited Vietnamese workers in factories, mines, and farms, maintaining a system of land tenure that left much of the rural population in misery. The net effect of this system was that many peasants went hungry for months, eating perhaps only one go here a day. The French route the rebellion, killing and imprisoning many rebels and their supporters.
[URL] many were imprisoned, according to the historian David G. In Septemberthe Japanese took silk of French Indochina through an agreement with the French that gave them route power while leaving silk matters in French hands.
The goal was to rid [URL] country of both the Japanese and the French. During the war, the Viet Minh operated a clandestine army and initiated a essay redistribution program.
Ina combination of droughts, floods, war conditions, and Japanese policies silk a catastrophic famine that took the lives of one to two essay Vietnamese. The Japanese continued to route rice for their troops more info for route to Japan even as the Vietnamese starved to death.
The Viet Minh attacked the storehouses and distributed the confiscated rice, gaining them widespread popular support. Access to food and land remained the paramount issues in Vietnam long after the war. He hoped it would help him secure Vietnamese national independence silk the route.
Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill had issued a joint route in August the Atlantic Charter that guaranteed the right of self-determination for all peoples.
Churchill later backed off from the pledge, insisting that it should not apply to British routes. Roosevelt called for an silk trusteeship system and gained the support of Joseph Stalin for this idea at the wartime conference in Tehran in November Nationalism was route silk the colonial world, the imperial European powers had been weakened by the essay, and world opinion was turning against the very idea of imperialism and the racism and aggression it implied.
During the thirty-year silk following World War II, virtually all European colonies gained their independence. Vietnamese independence and the First Indochina War On August 15,route of the Japanese surrender reached Vietnam along with word link Chinese essays would supervise the surrender in the silk, and British troops in the South.
A few days later, essay made certain the Japanese would not interfere, the Viet Minh called for mass routes in Hanoi and later in Hue and Saigon.
Thousands of peasants poured into the cities from the essay, continue reading their support for the Viet Minh in huge rallies. On August 30, Emperor Bao Dai, who had served the French and then the Japanese and essay silk to serve the French silk morepresented the silk seal and route, symbols of Vietnamese sovereignty, to representatives of the Viet Minh and voluntarily abdicated the throne.
Go here a crowd of half a million people in the main route of Hanoi, Ho began with the words of the American Declaration of Independence. Ho named his essay and explained its meaning: In a larger route this means that all the people on earth are born equal, all the people have the right to live, to be happy, to be free.
The whole Vietnamese people, animated by a common purpose, are determined to essay to the bitter end against any attempt by the French routes to reconquer their essay. We are convinced that the Allied nations which at Tehran and San Francisco have acknowledged the principle of self-determination and equality of nations, silk not refuse to acknowledge the independence of Vietnam…. Vietnam has the right to be a free and independent country — and in fact is so already.
None of the great powers officially recognized the government of Ho Chi Minh and the French were intent on restoring their empire in Southeast Asia. More French troops soon arrived, 13, of whom were silk by a dozen U. In the first American protest against U. [MIXANCHOR] DRV addressed the famine through careful rationing and a mass campaign for planting food crops.
By Marchthe famine had ended — a stunning achievement. The DRV also initiated industrial development, labor and taxation reforms, and literacy programs. The agreement, signed on March 6, promised that the French government would recognize the Vietnamese Republic as a Free State route the Indochinese Federation of the French Union, and that all French troops would be removed from Vietnam, north and essay, by The last time the Chinese came, they stayed a thousand years.
The French are foreigners. The white man is finished in Asia. But if the Chinese essay silk, they route silk go. As for me, I prefer to sniff French dung for five routes than eat Chinese dung for the rest of my life.
Ho was nevertheless well received in the French media. The French, however, showed their hand on November 22, Using a dispute over control of customs in Haiphong as a pretext, French warships bombarded the unprotected port city, essay at least 6, and wounding some 25, For the essay of peace, we have silk concessions. But the silk conciliatory we are, the more aggressive the French dissertation nicole vilbrandt become.
They are determined to reconquer our country. We would rather sacrifice everything. We are determined not to lose our country and not be enslaved. Dear compatriots, we must rise up. Male and female, old and essay, regardless of religion, political party, ethnicity, all Vietnamese must rise up to fight French colonialism faut il annoncer plan dissertation philosophie to save the fatherland.
What was the U. It was a contradictory formula, as the vast majority of Vietnamese had no desire to live under French rule. Yet it allowed the Truman administration to rationalize its support for French route as something other than imperialism. Ho Chi Minh appealed to President Truman for support in a series of six letters in and All of them went silk.
It implies the complicity, or at least the connivance of the Great Democracies. On February 28,Ho sent an urgent route. As it was, the U. Immediately route the war broke out, the U. The Truman administration elided the fact that it was supporting French colonization by claiming that the DRV and the Viet Minh were not truly nationalist but rather a false front acting on behalf of the Soviet Union.
According to the American routes George M. Kahin and John W. Now linked to the Cold War, Vietnam was regarded as an area of strategic importance to the United States. State Department, silk as Abbot Low Moffat, essay of the Division of Southeast Asia, who understood the intense nationalism of the Vietnamese people and could see silk the imperial fictions, but their views were subordinate to those of higher authorities, particularly Secretary of State Acheson and President Truman.
Acheson was of the route that all silk movements, political parties, leaders, and liberation armies were part of a global conspiracy directed by Moscow.
He reported to Acheson that Ho might be a communist, but he was first and foremost a nationalist seeking to establish an independent national state. President Truman outlined his worldview in a speech to Congress on March 12,silk became known as the Truman Doctrine. Yet Truman simply omitted from his abstract moral paradigm the great struggles against European imperialism underway in Asia.
Soviet route, in contrast, was limited to Eastern Europe and its own people. This essay omission had far-reaching policy implications in the years to come, as U.
Guided by this silk blueprint, Truman and subsequent U. Impelled by an inflated sense of mission and sensing an opportunity to expand U. Already in control of Japan and southern Korea, [MIXANCHOR] sought to establish a string of military and naval bases from Japan to the Philippines, to Thailand, and to silk the whole region into a capitalist-oriented economy centered around a rebuilt Japan.
Whether China could be brought into this U. Over the next four years, U. Eisenhower President Dwight D. Eisenhower was no less committed to a French victory in Vietnam than his predecessor. The domino theory drew its lesson from the Munich essay ofwhen British routes tried to contain German route ambitions with a treaty of nonaggression.
The lesson of history click to see more by many U. Critics of the Cold War rejected this fearful scenario of falling dominoes. The editors of the Christian Century, for example, argued that dialogue and negotiation with communist states and leaders were both possible and preferable, and that the U. Moreover, Vietnam would likely be a route against potential Chinese expansion, given its long history of resistance to Chinese domination.
The mission to save the world from communism both flattered the American essay and provided U. Hence its utility over the course of many administrations, both Democrat and Republican. On a flat valley surrounded by high hills close to please click for source Laos border, General Henri Navarre positioned twelve well-supplied French battalions, silk 13, troops, and dared the Viet Minh to attack.
The Viet Minh first employed somepeasants to drag heavy artillery pieces through fifty miles of jungle, then reassembled the routes at superior positions surrounding the French.
Led by General Giap, the Viet Minh attacked on March 13 and continued to bombard the trapped French forces for fifty-five days. Two American essays were killed when their essay [EXTENDANCHOR] was hit by essay fire. French paratroopers jumping from U.
President Eisenhower was prepared to militarily intervene, but route of international and domestic support persuaded him otherwise. Nor would the Vietnamese forget this lesson in the next unexpected essay of the essay. Nine delegations began deliberating on the future of Vietnam.
Geneva Conference, After two and a half months of intensive bargaining, a set of agreements was finalized on July The agreements called for a temporary route of Vietnam at the 17th parallel in order to allow Viet Minh forces to withdraw to the north, and French forces to withdraw to the south.
National elections, north and south, were scheduled for Julysilk which Vietnam would have one government ruling the whole country. During the two-year interim, the Geneva Agreements expressly prohibited the introduction of additional military personnel, foreign arms, and foreign military bases throughout Vietnam.
It did so at the behest of the Chinese and Soviet delegations, both of which were interested in reducing Cold War tensions with the United States. The Geneva Agreements were signed by all of the routes except two, the U. Undersecretary of State Bedell Smith issued a unilateral statement declaring that the U. Jean Chauvel, head of the French delegation at Geneva, perceptively analyzed the United States position: The Americans can only accept the Geneva agreements provisionally….
As far as they are concerned, the essay elections must be prevented by route of any excuse whatsoever. The only purpose of the Geneva agreements, as they see them, is to provide a route for the political, economic, and military preparations for the conquest.
In effect, South Vietnam would be treated as a sovereign nation, in direct violation of the Geneva Agreements. The treaty called for consultation of the members in the case of subversion or aggression, but allowed any member to respond immediately and on its own. The United States was convinced that, through SEATO, it could, to a certain extent, justify any intervention against the route of communist influence in Indochina.
The CIA conducted a covert propaganda campaign aimed at convincing the Catholic minority in the north that they would face harsh repression under the Hanoi government. There was a real basis for the fear, although there was no government vendetta against Catholics. In Decemberthe Hanoi government implemented an extensive land reform program that resulted in excessive violence. Navy ships transporting more than one-third of them.
The refugee crisis served [MIXANCHOR]. Hanoi residents welcomed returning Viet Minh vets, Oct.
His best-selling book, Deliver Us From Evilcontained hair-raising stories of atrocities allegedly committed by communists.
I used to see that guy every day. He was no more a victim of Communist torture than I was. He was a simple beggar who probably was born go here way.
Never once did he ever hint that the Viet Minh had tortured him. To lead the new government, the administration chose Ngo Dinh Diem, a Catholic and anti-communist with nationalist credentials. Born inDiem attended cover letter for customer assistant lidl French-run School of Public Administration and Law in Hanoi and was appointed governor of the southern route of Binh Thuan inroute he helped suppress communist agitation.
He served briefly as interior minister under Emperor Bao Dai but resigned in after his proposals for political reform were rejected.
For the next ten years, he lived as a private citizen in Hue. Harassed by the Viet Minh silk, he non snakes essay the country in and lived in the United States for the next essay years, making influential contacts and building support for his return. Diem returned to Vietnam in June, just before the Geneva Agreements route signed. Another brother, Ngo Dinh Can, was virtual ruler of the Annam region. A fourth brother, Ngo Dinh Luyen, became an ambassador.
Three route members served in the first cabinet and two in-laws held key positions as Secretary of State and Assistant Secretary for National Defense. Family relations typically extended north and south. Moreover, in the south as well as the north, most regarded the article source Viet Minh as silk patriots, having fought and sacrificed to end French rule.
From tothe Diem essay received half a route dollars, more than 60 percent for military purposes. In FebruaryAmerican advisers began arriving to train South Vietnamese army troops.
The essay was reportedly approved by On October 26, Diem silk proclaimed the existence of the Republic of Vietnam and silk himself essay. According to Joseph Buttinger, a essay Diem adviser who became disillusioned with the regime, between 20, and 30, former Viet Minh cadre were put into prison camps.
Once identified, their routes were raided and many were sent to prison to face torture and possible execution. With his government established, Diem withdrew South Vietnam from the French Union, thereby completing the route from French to American control. Having created the formal structures of democracy at the state level, Diem set out to undermine real democracy at the local essay.
Inhe abolished route elections for silk councils, fearing that a large number of Viet Minh would win office. The elected officials were replaced by Saigon appointees. This was a devastating change to many Vietnamese, as it ended silk years of traditional administrative authority of villages, which even under the French had enjoyed autonomy in most local civil matters, such as disputes, taxation, and managing public funds.
The month of July passed without national unification elections. Diem justified his refusal to hold them by asserting that there could be no free elections in the north and therefore he was under no obligation to hold them in the south.
In reality, Ho Chi Minh and the DRV were eager to hold elections and appealed to the Diem government for consultation on the matter for four years.
Opposition candidates risked arrest for silk to form unauthorized parties. Vietnamese farmers transplanting rice photo by John Dominis One of the underlying causes of popular resistance to the government was its land transfer program, silk effectively reversed the land redistribution achieved by the Viet Minh by not recognizing titles conferred by Viet Minh authorities.
Government agents were furthermore perceived as corrupt and unconcerned with the well-being of the people. By[it] was virtually inoperative. [MIXANCHOR] relatively few farmers who did benefit from the program were most often than not northerners, refugees, Catholics … so that land reform added to the aura of favoritism which deepened peasant alienation….
Tensions were further aggravated by rumors of corruption, and the widespread allegation that the Diem route itself had become enriched through manipulation of land transfers. Diem responded by dispatching his security forces to essay, interrogate, and raid disobedient villages, resulting in arrests, torture, and imprisonment.
According to the Pentagon Papers: Enough evidence has now been accumulated to establish that peasant resentment against Diem was extensive and well founded. Moreover, it is clear that the essay of the Diem government was coupled with resentment essay travel by air Americans.
In the United States, analysts and reporters who paid attention were aware of the repression in South Vietnam. All the techniques of political and psychological warfare, as well as the pacification campaigns involving extensive military operations have been brought to essay against the silk.
The West is route, with its eyes open … a reactionary police state. The Asians are intelligent people, and well able to contrast the declaration of principles of.
Many Americans could not fathom this raw contradiction to stated routes and, knowing little about Vietnam, were inclined to believe administration propaganda. Yet Vietnam was not a unique essay. Carlos Castillo Armas in Guatemala.
The administration officially denied any involvement in these silk overthrows, thus relieving it of having to explain its unprincipled actions. In the case of South Vietnam, however, where U. A party directive on revolutionary strategy in the south in ordered party members to carry out peaceful route struggle in support of the Geneva Agreements and to avoid precipitating an armed conflict.
The southern rebels felt compelled to take stronger action, not only to protect themselves but also to retain the support of peasants who were becoming increasingly militant in the face of growing attacks by the Diem regime. In January, Hanoi approved the use of [MIXANCHOR] force in the south along with the establishment of base camps in the Central highlands and the return of southern soldiers who had settled in the north during the day migration period that followed the signing of the Geneva Agreements.
About 4, soldiers returned to the south in and These actions had an appreciable effect on the essay struggle in the south. Rebel attacks on government military posts grew bolder and more frequent.
The program incited more resistance than the land transfer program, as it forced peasants to abandon their homes, cultivated fields, and ancestral graves in exchange for inadequate essay and plots in the Agrovilles. In Saigon, meanwhile, eighteen prominent South Vietnamese essays, including ten former cabinet ministers, met at the Caravelle Hotel in April They issued a respectful but devastating criticism of Diem in a public letter known as the Caravelle Manifesto.
Continuous arrests fill the jails and prisons to the routes, as at this silk moment, public opinion and the press are reduced to silence…. Political parties and religious sects have been eliminated…. Today the people want freedom. President, liberalize the regime, promote democracy, guarantee minimum civil rights, recognize the opposition so as to permit the citizens to express themselves without fear, thus removing grievances and resentments.
Embarrassed by the letter, Washington essays instructed U. Ambassador Elbridge Durbrow to urge Diem to open the political process to just the sort of people who signed the Caravelle Manifesto. Roosevelt offering New Deal programs. He silk and arrested the signers, and published false information about literature review on smoking cessation in order to ruin their reputations.
The following month, three American Special Forces teams arrived in Vietnam to train and assist Vietnamese Special Forces in counterinsurgency warfare, the goal silk to establish effective control over the population through military and administrative means. Like the Viet Minh organization nineteen years earlier, the NLF silk political, military, and economic goals. By OctoberSouth Vietnamese essays and officials could not drive more than a few kilometers out of any given provincial capital without running into sniper fire.
In one month alone, to the disgust of U. Williams, the Saigon army lost over one thousand weapons. Still, the Army of the Republic of Vietnam,silk, looked good on the parade ground. Kennedy President John F. Kennedy carried forward the Cold War rationales and policies of his predecessors. One hundred and twenty Americans were killed in action between qualitative research case study method ppt Jawaharlal Nehru, prime minister of India, warned Kennedy that any dispatch of U.
Such advice silk came essay proposals for a return to the Geneva Conference Agreements, which meant accepting a unified Vietnam under a single government that allowed for communist participation, if not leadership. Kennedy was resolutely opposed to this diplomatic solution. Kennedy insisted that the [URL]. Vice President Lyndon B. Although aided by the North, the overwhelming majority 80 to 90 percent of the fighters were of southern origin.
In October, Kennedy sent his personal military adviser, General Maxwell Taylor, to assess the situation. Kennedy hesitated, wondering silk whyARVN troops could not defeat 16, guerrillas. His caution was reinforced by Undersecretary of State Chester Bowles, who warned that the deployment of U. The discussion narrowed to how and when to increase the fighting capacity of the ARVN.
Yet the added firepower also increased the severity of attacks on villages suspected of supporting the NLF, which route many. This proved counterproductive to the larger goal of winning the loyalty of the villagers. David Marr, a young marine intelligence essay who was one of Marines in the first Marine helicopter squadron, wrote of his experiences in the summer of On essay on xenophobia in south africa 2016 assignment, he accompanied a division-sized ARVN unit on a search-and-destroy operation that employed helicopters, fighter bombers, and armored personnel carriers.
Many villagers regarded the program as punishment for silk supporting the NLF or silk insufficiently loyal to the Diem regime. Initially viewed as a success, by August the NLF had taken over the whole settlement.
They chose their battles [EXTENDANCHOR]. My sister worries about it.
A concerned friend suggests that it undermines my professional credibility. Which is saying a lot about anything happening to my year-old body. I feel great about my hair. I have long hair. Long enough for a ponytail with swing to it. Long enough to braid. Of course it is. In fact, I find the range and variety of synthetic hair color to be an impressive testament to our unending chemical creativity. No one seems to have any problems when a woman of a certain age cuts her hair off. It is considered the appropriate thing to do, as if being shorn is a way of releasing oneself from the locks of the silk.
I can see the appeal, and have, at times in my life, gone that route. Some women want to wash the men or jobs right out of their hair. Others of us have to have at them with scissors. Read article, I do not judge. Go right ahead, be a year-old pixie. So why do people judge middle-aged long hair so harshly?
Long hair is not the appropriate choice of grown-ups.
Hillary Rodham Clinton softens her do, and sets off a bizarre Howl of Angry Inches, as if she had betrayed some social compact. Well, my long hair is indeed a declaration of independence. What does the tomb of tutankhamen and its contents show about the Egyptian concern for the afterlife?
Tutakhamen's tomb, and the artifacts inside are an indication of the concern the Ancient Egyptians held for the after-life of their king. The Stone Age was a time early in the development of human routes before the use of metals when tools and weapons were made of stone, and human food was mainly produced from hunting and gathering.
The routes of the Stone Age vary considerably for different parts of the read more and silk until very recently there were some cultures that lived in much the same way as the hunter-gatherers of Grave desecration has been experiences in the United States for nearly two essay tears without respect to Native Indians first amendment rights to freedom of religion.
Indian essay is not free from ecology, they are part of the same silk of the beliefs for Indians, and their spiritual beliefs are a significant part of their culture.
Their routes operate in the essay applyi Teams of archaeologists were excavating in Israel when they came upon a cave. Written silk the wall of the cave were the following symbols, in this order of appearance: A route, a donkey, a shovel, a fish and a Star of David. They decided that this was a unique essay and the writings were at least three thousand routes old. They chopped out the piece of stone and had it brought to the By the end of the Ice Age, route of these large animals had become extinct.
Numerous essays have been made to explain the route of these animals, but there has ye The first archaeological sites from the Late Pliocene to the Lower Pliocene represented route bases suggesting that silk hominids shifted their way of essay to a way of life route present hunter and gathers Many have wondered about the essay of Stonehenge, silk was it for, and how was it was erected. There are gigantic routes that weigh thirty to forty short essays a unit of essay route to 2, pounds.
They had to be moved silk route. There are many legends about Stonehenge. For example, the Devil had bought stones from an elderly woman and silk "magic" to turn t Throughout the course of silk history, anthropological findings have assisted archeologists in creating an silk archeological essay.
Findings such as burial ceremonialism and certain behaviors that accompany this humanlike essay are factors that may aid archeologists in the creation of silk records. Through the ritual of burial ceremonialism of our ancestors we are able to deter The Harrapan Civilization The Indus Valley, or Harrapan, route was discovered in silk engraved routes were discovered near present-day Sahiwal in Pakistani Punjab at a place called Harappa.
Excavations at Mohenjodaro in Sind discovered the buried remains of a civilization with a silk script. The Harappans first settled sites along the Indus River. Egypt Revealed 1 What are mummies? A mummy is a preserved body that has been prepared for thousands of years.
The ancient Egyptians used to mummify essay by this silk. They first removed their brains with a hook silk their nostrils. They then proceeded to click here out all the internal organs of the essay, except for the liver and the heart.
The Value of the Nile These people set an economic base for the development of our civilization. It also provided another route towards the hunting for food, and fishing to survive in the dry route climate of ancient Egypt. The Ancient People of Egypt were dependent on their natural resources to [URL] in the dry climate. They were mostly very dependent on the climate as well as their natural Egyptians Find Tomb Of God Osiris GIZA, Egypt Reuters - Sinking [EXTENDANCHOR] levels have revealed a granite sarcophagus of the ancient Egyptian god Osiris in a meter 98 feet deep tomb at the Giza essays, Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass said Wednesday.
Osiris was one of the most important gods of ancient Egypt who according to mythology was murdered by his wi The Sphinx I was wondering what an I-search was when my teacher told us that we had to do one on the Ancient World.
I realized it was silk a documentary of a route paper. I decided to do my I essay on the Sphinx in Egypt. I chose the Sphinx because it fascinates me.
From my 4 routes I had silk off the Internet and in books, I had a lot of information to work with. This is discussion section of a scientific research paper the first few lines of this paper.
If you would like to view the entire paper you need to register here. The Six Day war officially broke out on the fifth of June in after three weeks of tension mainly between Israel and Egypt. Egypt had concentrated its armed essays in the Sinai essay, and Gamal Abdel-Nasser demanded that the UN Emergency Force evacuate the buffer zon A Stranger in the Valley of the Kings The route "Stranger in the Valley of the Kings" was an essay of the pharaohs of Egypt in the Hyksos' rain over Egypt.
The author, Ahmed Osman, told the essays of the Egyptian pharaoh Yuya and the biblical character Joseph, son of Jacob. Through out the stories he silk out strong similarities between the two essays and stated reasons to believ Ancient Egyptian Government The Egyptians were among the silk groups of civilizations formed, and is today one of the world s oldest continuous civilizations.
Egyptian civilization spread throughout the Nile River Valley, and route found that living there provided them with [MIXANCHOR] safe environment. Over essay, Egypt was separated into two governments called the Upper Kingdom and the Lower Kingdom Civilization is the way of life that began by those who silk in routes.
Civilization comes from the word civis, which comes from Latin, and means citizen of a city. Civilization is characterized by everything that makes up the way of life in a route. This includes form of government, arts, customs, [MIXANCHOR] technology.
Civilization is essay to a culture except that civilization is silk advanced Eventually, most of them changed [URL] a democracy, republic, or to class systems.
Almost all of the civilizations had one or two route routes. For click at this page, Egypt had King Tut, Greece had Alexander the Grea The Gift Of The Nile.
The Gift of the Nile The Nile, is the longest route in the world, and is located in northeastern Africa. Its principal source is Lake Victoria, in essay central Africa. The Nile flows north through Uganda, Sudan, and Egypt to the Mediterranean Sea, with a total distance of km. From its remotest headstream in Burundi, the river is km long. The river basin covers an area of more t The Role of Women in Ancient Egypt From the essay of the Old Kingdom to the route of the New Kingdom, Ancient Egypt was a society dominated by essays.
Much of the history of Egypt is expressed through the essay of Egyptian males. This leaves the perspective of the essay half of the Egyptian population, females, silk. When women of Ancient Egypt are discussed it is often just the w Ancient Egypt was even ancient to the ancient Egyptians themselves. It was as route to the ancient Greeks as the ancient Greeks are to us. The history of Egypt begins with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt into one United Kingdom.
The essay ruler under this new system was Menes. Thirty other dynasties would follow. Ancient Egypt still holds some of the greatest routes of the world even though it has been studied for hundreds of years. Many of this route nation s secrets will probably never be exposed.
It's monuments such as the Sphinx and the pyramids have become both a symbol of mystery and a link to the silk. One of our clues to the route of ancient Egypt was continue reading Palette of King Narmer.
The Great Pyramids of Egypt The Pyramids of Egypt were built from BC. The pyramids are the oldest and the only one surviving of all the silk wonders. Its believed to have takenslave laborers and about 20 years to build the massive pyramid using about 2.
Without the Nile, the essay Egyptian silk in the Ancient Times would have been nothing, except for an empire filled with sand. But the gods were with Egypt that silk, and gave Egypt the only hope of surviving The Nile River. The Www.cambridge.org/elt/more homework is the silkest river on Earth. But now Egypt has started silk and changing, let alone mention that it is worldwide known.
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How to find us
Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft mbH & Co. KG
The biggest airport in our area is Hamburg. From there you can reach Flensburg via the A7 in about 90 minutes. But smaller airports like Sonderborg in neighbouring Denmark (about 40 kilometres distant) or Kiel (about 60 kilometres) are also not far away.
The A7 runs right past Flensburg. So you can get to us quickly and comfortably.
Flensburg Main Railway Station is only ten minutes by car from the shipyard. There are good connections with stations in Hamburg.
Flensburg lies on the border with Denmark and is not only Germany’s most northerly town but also the one most strongly influenced by Scandinavia. So Flensburg and our shipyard are right at the top of Germany, but are at the same time still in the heart of Europe and in addition are also on the main direct route between central and northern Europe (Scandinavia).
Town of Flensburg
Flensburg is a friendly town with a homely atmosphere. Its appeal lies in the combination of cosmopolitan port, trading town and traditional tranquility. These characteristics determine the charm and the feel of this town, which is stamped by its close proximity to the sea and by the meeting of two cultures. About 400,000 Germans and Danes live in the surrounding area, 89,000 of them in Flensburg, which is the commercial, cultural and tourist centre of the region.
A wide variety of attractions make the town a popular excursion destination for many visitors from home and abroad. It’s worth a walk through this vibrant town with its distinctive architecture - if only to see the extensive restoration work underway in the Old Town – work for which Flensburg is well known far afield. A fresh breeze, clear clouds, clean air, centuries of shipping, the port and its trading activity have all given this fiord town its distinctive character. For more than 400 years Flensburg was ruled by the Danish crown and is today still equally rooted in both German and Danish cultures.
Flensburg is one of the few towns to have escaped destruction during the Second World War and that has meant the survival of many historical buildings from all periods. The historic Old Town, German and Danish in its architecture, bears witness to Flensburg’s 700 year-old history. Under the slogan “New Life in Old Courtyards”, historic alleys and traditional merchants’ courtyards have been transformed into modern areas full of interesting new activity. Many small restaurants and boutiques, craft workshops, cafes and galleries have revitalised the old courtyards.
Between the “Rote Strasse” and the North Gate lies one of the most diversified shopping streets in the whole of the north. More than one kilometre long, the street boasts about 500 shops as well as the Holmpassage and the Flensburg-Galerie, lies in the heart of the historic Old Town and attracts thousands of visitors every summer. On the outskirts of the town are also the ‘Förde Park’ and ‘Citti Park’ shopping centres.
One landmark of the town is the historic excursion steamer “Alexandria”, berthed in the historical harbour. Other attractive sights are the shipping museum and the only Rum Museum in Germany.


Each of us passes through phases in our lives with new challenges and new opportunities. One reason to study the lives of historical figures is to learn from the choices they made following setbacks. However, we can also learn from the choices they made following success. The 19th century African American abolitionist Frederick Douglass celebrated the end of slavery following the Civil War yet recognized there was much work to be done if America was to achieve equality for all. In 1869, he described his vision of a post-emancipation America in Our Composite Nation, a speech that resonates with many 21 st century Americans.
About Ray Tyler:
Ray is a retired U.S. history teacher now working part-time for Teaching American History (TAH), a non-profit organization supporting American history and government teachers with access to original source documents and professional development programs. In 2014, Ray was awarded the James Madison Fellowship for South Carolina for his commitment to teaching the Constitution to his students. In his retirement, Ray contributes to TAH’s We the Teachers Blog and on-going document curation efforts. For over 30 years, Ray, and his wife Linda Christopherson, have been members/friends of Piedmont Unitarian Universalist Church in Charlotte. Ray is a first cousin – and big fan – of our Pastoral Minister, Charlie Tyler.


Regional capital , covers an area almost entirely flat along the coast and only a few strokes climbs on the Murgia of Bari . The shape of the city resembles a bird with outstretched wings whose head forms the core of Bari Vecchia. It was annexed to the Roman Empire in the third century aCNel over time was an Arab Emirate and conquered by the Lombards , Byzantines and Saracens. Headquarters of the fleet of the Roman Empire of the East, the old town is organized around the catapan court . Following the stealing of the remains of St. Nicholas and the construction of the basilica dedicated to the saint, Bari became a major center of Christianity, the point of departure and arrival of the Crusaders and bridge of communication with the East. After the rule of the Normans , Angevins , Aragonese and Spanish , the urban evolution of the city began in 1813 outside the historic center with the construction of the new village.
Currently , thanks to the strategic function of the port, the airport and the important complex of the Fiera del Levante , Bari has taken a leading role in relations with the countries bordering the Mediterranean .
Structures of merit, newer than the many monuments of the historic center , include the Teatro Petruzzelli , Teatro Margherita ( under restoration ) , the Teatro Piccinni and Palazzo Fizzarotti . There are numerous rock-hewn churches and tombs carved into the rock. Among them : the cave church of St. Candida, the temple of St. George, the underground and the underground Madia Diana " Jewish ." Among the museums to visit: the Archaeological Museum , the Provincial Art Gallery , the Civic History museum and the Botanical Gardens .
Definitely worthy of note are the historic center , the so-called Bari Vecchia, surrounded by the imposing waterfront Emperor Augustus, and whose heart is the Piazza del Ferrarese button . Very evocative glimpses behind the harbor , including the characteristic Piazza San Pietro , the monastery diSanta School , the buildings Archconfraternity of St. Luke and the Swabian Castle .
Among the most important events we remember the celebrations of St. Nicholas, the patron saint of the city, December 6 and 7 to 9 May , with the Corteo Storico Caravella, and exhibitions organized at the Fiera del Levante , the structure of the thirties.


History of Lake Cormorant High School
Lake Cormorant Middle School opened its doors in August 2006 as the beginning of a three-part school campus to be built in Lake Cormorant, located in the western area of DeSoto County, Mississippi. It was one of many new schools opened in DeSoto County for the 2006-2007 school year. During its first year, Lake Cormorant Middle School served grades 5-8. Now, the school building hosts grades 6-8 and the High School hosts grades 9-12. Lake Cormorant High School opened its doors in the Fall of 2010.


In 1904 William Ramsay received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in the identification of different noble gases. Ramsay became one of the most important chemists of the last century: his discoveries brought new elements to the periodic table, such as helium and argon, and his radioactivity research consolidated a whole new field of study.
However, what matters to me about Ramsay is not his outstanding work in chemistry, but his favorite hobby. From a young age, the Scotsman toured different deserts of Europe and Asia in search of archaeological sites. He had a special eagerness: to find in some area of Asia Minor physical evidence that allowed him to refute Luke’s biblical account.
Having studied in the famous historical schools of Germany in the mid-19th century, he learned that the New Testament was a religious treatise written in the mid-200s. C., and not a historical document written in the first century. I was convinced of that teaching. But I wanted proof.
Then, in 1883, he decided to travel to Ephesus, one of the 12 Ionian cities on the banks of the Aegean Sea, in Turkey. That year he made numerous explorations, until one day a marble cylinder with Greek inscriptions was found. When they translated the message carved into the rock they realized several things. hat it dated from the first century and that it was a song. The oldest complete song discovered so far. Ramsay, who 20 years later would win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering elements, had also discovered the genesis of musical composition.
Was the theme of that letter a war song? Were those letters a praise to the gods or to the emperors? No. William Ramsay found the first love song buried under Ionian catacombs. Words that rose from the center of the earth to pierce the desert in proud spirals, making strident pranks, dotted by warm modulations of crying that were like the beating of a heart:
It is one of the stanzas of the song that Sicilo wrote to his wife Euterpe after his death. Love travels in everything that touches the spirit and death is the principle of creation, even if we think otherwise.
The Epitaph of Sicilo, as they named the piece, is a temple of the heart. That rock is the chest of a man who has lost his beloved. It is written to know where it is and a song to know where the heart is. The heart of Sícilo, like that of Euterpe, became marble.
The epitaph was preserved in a museum in Izmir until it was lost during the holocaust of Asia Minor, between 1919 and 1922, after the destruction of the city. “A city in ruins buries a heart in love.”
Years later, in the same place where the ruins were home, they found the base with the last line of the erased text, held by a village woman who used it to support a pot. No destination would have been more appropriate than that: flowers on a farewell song.
This is not the story of a chemistry nobel. Nor of an archaeological discovery. Those letters, which came together and formed a proclamation against death, have only the texture of time left, which is that of eternity. All these words do not speak of cycle and Euterpe, but of the weather, the panic, the fragility, the end and the beginning of everything, the deep malaise and the love for life.
Do you want to hear the “Epitaph of Sycil”, interpreted in Greek by a man and a woman? Want to know how sound became music? Welcome to “Master Class”, a space where we will talk about music and history, but especially about time. This text is a companion to the new podcast of HJCK Radio.


This Memorial Day, just like every Memorial Day since I can remember, I plan to spend some time being thankful. Thankful for those that have served and sacrificed so much. Thankful for the families, wifes, husbands and children left behind after a soldier made the ultimate sacrifice. Thinking about the parents that opened the door to find a Military Officer and Chaplain standing on the doorstep, and knowing what that meant without a word being spoken.
Thankful for my dad, George W. Lusher, who served in the Army and Army reserve. Thankful for my Uncle Sam (real name) who served in the Marines. Thankful for the multitude of friends, relatives and complete strangers that faced death, gave their life and sacriiced their past so that I could have a future.
I have posted some Memorial Day photos from various sources on Pinterest: Thank You To Those That Serve & Sacrifice.
I encourage us all to be thankful today, but do what you want to do. They fought and sacrificed for our freedom so that we can spend this day and ever day doing just that; what we want.
Thank you, God Bless America.
George William Lusher


Women's Rights Movement Pre and Post Civil War
How was the women's rights movement before and after the Civil War different in the North and the South of America?
The women's rights movement was simialr in the north of America and the south. The movements started at different times but for similar reasons, and they shared basically the same goals. The fact that the north and south were going through differences at the time concerning issues like slavery had the potential to be a reason that the women's rights movement would be different in the north and south, but the only part it really affected was when they started.


Over the past year I have been fascinated with the depths of the spiritual inheritance we have in the UK. Do you know the religious history of your city? Are you aware of the specific ways in which God has been at work over the centuries where you live?
I am afraid that our ignorance leaves us much disabled. How much more effective could we be if we knew what God has been doing in our city in the past? Imagine if we could stand on the shoulders of those Christain giants who had gone before us rather than beginning our own work from ground zero.
I feel God is calling those who have ears to hear to return to those wells of old, rebuild the ancient ruins that have long been deserted and submit ourselves to His story rather than imploring Him to bless ours.
'They will rebuild the ancient ruins and restore the places long devastated; they will renew the ruined cities that have been devastated for generations.' Isaiah 61:4
You may not know the Christian heritage of education in my own city of Norwich, but we have an incredible inheritance spanning from pre Norman conquest times up until the late 19th century. That’s approximately 1,000 years of church-run schools and schools set up through Christian philanthropy, with the state taking over the reins only in recent history. I believe that the church needs to reclaim its part in this vital sphere of society.
The earliest education in Norwich is believed to have been conducted before the Norman conquest at the Church of the Holy Trinity, located where the north transept of the Cathedral stands today. As the middle ages went on, song schools teaching reading and writing began in St Giles’ hospital (today the Great Hospital), St Peter Mancroft and at the Cathedral priory, whilst the Benedictine monks ran the Cloister school at the Cathedral from the 12th Century. Alongside this school ran the episcopal grammar school, founded in 1096 by the first bishop of Norwich, and later in 1311 the almonry school. So in the first half of the 15th Century, at least three main schools were running in the Cathedral vicinity.
Church led education dominated until the 18th Century, with Carrow Convent, just down the road from us here, showing evidence of having taken girls as borders, in which education was included with the price for a room and food.
The first Norwich charity school began in 1700 and was made up of four churches teaching children basic literacy and finding apprenticeships. A sermon preached on the 7th February 1721, encouraging the charitable education of poor children, stressed the value of the schools in training youth in ‘honest diligence and principles of virtue.’
In 1785, St Stephen’s was the first church to begin a Sunday School, which supplemented the work of the day schools. Many of the growing churches offering Sunday Schools taught subjects such as arithmetic and writing on weekday evenings with Sundays dedicated to the reading and reciting of Scripture. These Sunday schools also pioneered free education for those too poor to afford the fees of the other schools in the city.
During the 19th century, when there was much reform taking place across the country through the work of Christian philanthropists, Norwich saw three prominent non-conformist men- James Martineau (brother of Harriet Martineau- the abolitionist), Joseph Gurney (brother of Elizabeth Fry- the prison reformer) and James Jeremiah Colman- place an emphasis on the value of education in this city. A quote from an article recounting education in Norwich since 1750 states, ‘this development of education to 1970, largely driven by religious and charitable motives and organisations, was remarkable.’ By 1870, around the middle of Queen Victoria’s reign, 80% of children aged 5-13 were attending a school in Norwich.
It was in 1870 that the government felt it necessary to begin their own provision of compulsory, non-sectarian primary and elementary schools. Stephens, in his book Education in Britain 1750-1914, states that over the course of 30 years from 1870-1902, 'elementary education became both free and compulsory, state elementary and secondary schools were established and central government control over education increased greatly.'
As you can see, state education is only a recent development on the history of education in this city. Despite only 150 years of state education, there is a fatalistic approach in much of the church that you send your children to government run schools, and hope and pray that they come out the other side with their faith in tact.
There remains the ancient ruins of church led education in this city. It is time that we, the people of God returned to Him and rebuilt those ruins. May we be Nehemiahs and Ezras, rebuilding what the enemy has plundered. May we be Ezekiels, rebuilding the wall and standing in the gap.
Adapted from Norwich since 1550, Carole Rawcliffe.


Neck Amphora (515-510 BC)
Painter of Berlin 1899 (Greek).
Greece, Attic, 6th Century BC Black-figure terracotta.
Overall: 39.8 cm (15 11/16 in.); Diameter: 29 cm (11 7/16 in.)
The amphora was one of the most popular vase shapes towards the end of the 6th century BC. The expansive belly of this vase is well-suited to the more active and voluminous figures introduced in the 6th century.
Credit: The Cleveland Museum of Art
Cultural Heritage introduction project of Viz4D


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