THE LAW OF NATIONS
INDEPENDENT POLITICAL COMMUNITIES.
ON THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OP NATIONS IN TIME OF WAR.
TRAVERS TWISS, D.C.L.
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS.
LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, AND ROBERTS.
§ 18. That General Reprisals are distinct in character from War, and are not attended with that interruption of all friendly relations which War entails, may be inferred from the proceedings which took place in 1839-40, between her Britannic Majesty's Government and the Government of the King of the Two Sicilies, in reference to the Sulphur Monopoly in Sicily, which had been granted by the Crown of Naples to a Company of French Merchants, (Messrs. Taix, Aycard, and Cie.) The British Government held that the grant made to the French Company was a breach of the Treaty of Commerce of 1816 between Great Britain and the Two Sicilies. On this occasion, after the British Minister at Naples had formally demanded the revocation of the grant made to the French Company, and the Neapolitan Government had declined to comply with this demand, orders from the British Government were transmitted to the Admiral of the British fleet
in the Mediterranean Sea "to cause all Neapolitan and Sicilian ships which he might meet with either in the Neapolitan or Sicilian waters to be seized and detained, until such time as notice should be received from her Majesty's Minister at Naples that the just demand of her Britannic Majesty's Government had been complied with." Lord Palmerston, then Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, upon the announcement that the British Admiral was proceeding to carry out his instructions, sent a despatch49 to the British Minister at Naples (April 14, 1840), in which he observes, that " as the Reprisals, which Sir Robert Stopford has been instructed to make, do not, however, constitute war, it is not the wish of Her Majesty's Government that you should follow up those steps by quitting Naples. If indeed the Neapolitan Government were to add to the injustice, which it has committed towards British subjects in regard to the Sulphur Monopoly, by any acts of violence towards British subjects or property, you would in such case leave Naples, and retire to Rome, there to await further instructions." On 17 th April the British fleet began to make Reprisals in the vicinity of Naples, and captured a number of Neapolitan vessels. An Embargo was at the same time laid in the ports of Malta on all vessels that bore the Sicilian flag50. Naples, on the other hand, made preparations for defence; and the Neapolitan Government laid an Embargo51 on all British vessels in Neapolitan and Sicilian ports. Everything appeared to be tending to open war, when the Cabinet of the Tuileries offered its mediation, and the King of the Two Sicilies accepted it (26 April, 1840). Reprisals thereupon ceased to be made on either side; the Neapolitan Government agreed to dissolve its contract with the French Company, and the vessels seized by the British fleet by way of Reprisals were restored to their Neapolitan owners without the general relations of peace between the two Nations, having suffered any such interruption, which required that they should be renewed by any formal Treaty of Peace between the two Nations.
49 British and Foreign State Papers, 1840, 41, p. 202.
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Apr 17, 2023 · So, if it’s really your turn to host the quiz, don’t panic. 70 British True or False Quiz Questions and Answers; British Culture Quiz: 50 Quiz Questions and Answers about British Culture; UK Picture Quiz: 130+ Photos of the UK and All Things British to Identify (Free and Printable) American History Quiz: 50 Quiz Questions and Answers about the history of the United States.
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The term Hochdeutsch or High German refers to the standard form of the German language used in official documents, media, and taught in schools throughout Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
Despite the existence of a standard language, there is no one “correct” way to speak German. Dialects are an important part of regional culture and identity, and are still widely spoken and celebrated today. They continue to play an important role in everyday communication and cultural expression. In fact, many German speakers are proud of their regional dialect and view it as an integral part of their cultural heritage.
The origins of High German
The origins of High German can be traced back to the Middle Ages, when the German language was divided into several dialects, each with its own unique grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. These dialects were spoken throughout the German-speaking regions of Europe, including modern-day Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and parts of Belgium and the Netherlands.
During the High Middle Ages (11th-14th centuries), a literary language called Middle High German emerged. It was based on the dialects spoken in the southern and central regions of Germany and was used for poetry, literature, and religious texts.
The German language underwent a significant transformation in the 16th century due to the influence of the printing press, which allowed for the mass production of books and other printed materials. This led to the standardisation of spelling, grammar, and vocabulary, and the emergence of a unified written language.
The Luther Bible, published in 1534 by the German reformer Martin Luther, played a significant role in the development of High German. Luther’s translation of the Bible was based on the Early New High German dialect spoken in Saxony, and became the standard German translation of the Bible for centuries. Luther’s use of this dialect helped to establish it as the basis for modern High German.
What makes it high?
What makes Hochdeutsch “high” is its origin in the southern and central regions of Germany at a higher elevation. The term “high” does not refer to any inherent superiority or prestige of the language. In contrast, Low German or Plattdeutsch refers to the varieties of the German language spoken in parts of northern Germany and the Netherlands, specifically in areas characterized by flat or low-lying terrain.


Explore the shipwreck in our "backyard"
The Breconshire left New York on April 25, 1894. Less than five days later, she was lost.
Explore the shipwreck yourself with a guided tour. Launching every Saturday from our golden sand beachs. LEARN MORE!
Learn the story of the SS Breconshire
An iron screw steamer, built in 1884, the Breconshire was a schooner-rigged ship with compound engines of 350 horsepower complementing her sail power. She was 300 feet in length and 37 feet in breadth. A man by the name of Robert Taylor, who possessed a Master’s Certificate, commanded the ship’s crew of 24 men. Edwin H. Curling, was the Second Officer.
During her last voyage, the Breconshire sailed from England to various Mediterranean ports and then on to New York. In the spring of 1894, she was ordered to proceed to Tampa to pick up an unknown cargo. Taylor, unfamiliar with Florida’s waters, ordered charts of the coast of the state. The package of charts, however, failed to include the Florida coast for about 20 miles south of Cape Canaveral. This information was unbeknownst to Taylor when they set out because he did not bother to open the package until three days after they were at sea.
The Breconshire left New York on April 25, 1894. Less than five days later, she was lost. The night of April 29 was calm and clear when Taylor set his course and ordered, “I am to be called at 1 a.m.” He then went below. At midnight the Second Officer, Curling, took charge. He instructed his early morning crew to keep a sharp lookout for land on the starboard. Land was seen as a “dark streak” on the water, but each man on lookout attributed it to a morning breeze until it mistakenly developed into land. At 1:45 a.m., Curling sighted land on the starboard beam and estimated that the distance was four to five miles. Unaware of his danger, he continued his course. A few minutes later, the Breconshire hit a reef and headed for the bottom where it still rests a quarter mile in front of Costa d’Este Resort. At low tide a watchful eye can still see the bow of the ship peeking out from below the surf.
The entire crew managed to escape from the sinking vessel in the ship’s boats and after being sheltered in a nearby Coast Guard station for three days, they returned to London. The ordeal was not ended for the Master and his Second Officer, however. Back in London they faced Her Majesty’s Justices of the Peace who determined that the casualty was primarily negligence on the part of the officers. The courts suspended their Certificates for six months.
The value of the Breconshire was listed at $75,000.


Org Chart Confusion and the American Revolution
History can teach us a lot; this post looks at one of the business lessons we can take from the American Revolution. Best wishes for a happy Independence Day to my fellow Americans. – Melissa
But why did they rebel?
When we talk about the road to revolution, we typically focus on events like the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party and their role in the American colonists’ mounting frustrations. But these events were only part of the story of Parliament’s attempts to reassert control over the American colonies via passing and enforcing legislation, particularly tax laws. However, governments pass unpopular laws all the time without literal wars breaking out. What was it that inspired rebellion in the generally law abiding American colonists?
One way to answer that question is to look at the American colonists’ beliefs regarding themselves, the British Empire, and their rights as Englishmen. It wasn’t the substance of the laws (entirely) that upset the colonists. It was the fact that Parliament was passing laws for the colonies, a power that the American colonists believed that the England-based Parliament in Westminster did not hold.
Why did the American colonists feel that Parliament did not have legislative authority over them?
The short answer is that the British Empire failed to create and use an organizational chart, or org chart,* to identify who reported to whom. This resulted in a situation where the British government in Westminster and the residents of the American colonies developed their own ideas over what they hypothetical Empire Organizational Chart looked like.
Westminster believed that Parliament had legislative authority over the entire empire, under the authority of their chief executive, the king. The American colonists came to believe that their individual legislatures were largely independent of Parliament. They believed that the existence of colonial legislatures curtailed Parliament’s authority over those colonies that had their own legislatures.
This situation leads to the following questions:
- How did the competing org charts develop?
- What can modern business leaders learn from this?
How did the competing org charts develop?
When the American colonies were formed, they soon developed their own legislatures to handle local matters. The existence of local colonial legislatures was particularly important when you consider the amount of time that it took to cross the Atlantic Ocean in the colonial era. The general policy of salutary neglect resulted in the rise of the (apparent) authority and importance of the colonial legislatures. The policy allowed the colonies to handle their own affairs and generally ignore laws passed by Parliament. This situation lasted for most of the American colonial period from 1607 to 1763, providing generations of time for the colonists to determine that this was the way things were meant to be. Meanwhile, if Westminster wasn’t entirely happy about the situation, it wasn’t willing to put in the effort and expense required to change it.
What can modern business leaders learn from this?
The first thing that a modern business can learn from the 18th Century British Empire’s attempts to govern the American colonies is to make certain that your business leadership creates an organizational chart that accurately reflects how you intend to run your business. Leaders need to decide how much authority they are willing to delegate while also considering that delegation’s potential consequences.
The next step is to ensure that all the departments on the org chart are familiar with the org chart. This includes understanding their position on it and how much authority they have. When individuals or groups are provided with conflicting or incomplete information on the scope of their authority or their role in the larger organization confusion and conflicts are natural results.
Finally, leaders need to make certain that the org chart is being followed. If people or departments are allowed to ignore the org chart, your business has a problem. But, to take a lesson from the Colonial Era, business leaders should handle this situation carefully on a case-by-case basis. They should look to the reasons for the departures from the official org chart and consider the potential ramifications of their actions to correct the situation. In some cases, the solution may be that the org chart needs to be adjusted to fit reality. In other cases, the solution may be that the org chart needs to be enforced strictly and immediately in spite of potential consequences of the sudden shift. Just recognize that if the change is too dramatic, you may have a rebellion on your hands.
It is impossible to say what would have happened if the British Empire had properly maintained and used an organizational chart instead of pursuing its policy of salutary neglect. However, businesses can still learn from the outcome. Three key lessons they can learn from the events leading up to the American Revolution are:
- Have an org chart that accurately reflects leadership’s intentions and plans for the future.
- Make certain that leadership shares it’s org chart with all of the involved parties and then enforces it.
- Consider the reasons for departures from the org chart and decide how to correct them, while considering the potential consequences.
Parliament’s decision to reassert control over the American colonies upended expectations created over approximately 150 years of salutary neglect. Parliament’s failure to reconize the colonial point of view before enacting legislation resulted in a situation where attempts to reassert control were met with resistance, hostility, and an eventual complete separation. The modern business owner should consider this lesson and remember it when building his or her own empire.
What do you think? Could an org chart have changed the course of history?
* The first business organizational chart was probably created in the middle of the 19th Century. So having a modern organizational chart would be a stretch, but a clear hierarchy should have been possible. See Organizational chart – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_chart (accessed June 30, 2016), for a brief summary of the history of org charts.


The engine was replaced with a diesel OM364.
In the period from 1972 to 1975, 200 vehicles with a loading platform and about 100 specialized vehicles were purchased for the Finnish Defense Forces, and in the period from 1986 to 1989 another 140 GAZ-66 vehicles.
-Engine 4.2 petrol, 120 hp
Machine 1977 release, was purchased in 2016
YOU WILL FIND ALL CHANGES MADE HERE


Cable is the popular nickname for the GBPUSD currency pair. The term dates back to the 19th century, when transactions between the British pound and the US dollar were executed through the transatlantic cable.
- Cable is the popular nickname for the GBPUSD currency pair.
- The term dates back to the 19th century, when transactions between the British pound and the US dollar were executed through the transatlantic cable.
- GBPUSD is a major currency pair, with GBP - also known as Sterling - being the oldest currency still in usage.
The Great British Pound (GBP) is the world’s oldest currency still in circulation and is one of the most liquid markets in the world. Since the pound versus the US dollar (GBP/USD) is one of the most traded currency pairs, the nickname ‘cable’ is frequently used in financial firms, trading rooms and market journalism.
The nickname ‘cable’ dates back to the 1800s, where the exchange rate between the US dollar and British pound was transmitted across the Atlantic by a large cable that ran across the ocean floor between the two countries.
Cable is strongly positively correlated to the world’s most popular currency pair; the EURUSD. This is the reason that many traders decide not to trade on both of these markets at the same time, because there is a probability that both markets will move in the same direction.
In the example above, you can see the GBPUSD market (red and green candles) and the EURUSD market (blue and white candles), and see that since 2012 both markets have moved in very similar patterns.


Faithfully ministering the Word and Sacraments through worship, prayer and community outreach.
On October 10th, 1961 a letter was sent to the Diocese to petition for Mission Status. On October 12th, The Rt. Reverend C. Avery Mason granted Mission Status to St. John the Divine under its first Vicar, The Very Reverend Francis W. Fowler with expectations that The Reverend Eugene McCrary, Missionary Curate on staff at All Saints’ Church, Wichita Falls, would handle ministrations and work in the Mission. And so the journey began.
Initially only Morning Prayer Services were held until Fr. McCrary was Ordained into the Priesthood on December 21st, 1961. St. John’s first Holy Eucharist was held on Christmas Eve, 1961 in the First Christian Church. Over the next year the small church was built. Part of the building plan included a ‘tiny apartment’ behind the Altar where Fr. McCrary lived the first winter after the church was completed – without any heat. The church was two blocks beyond the city gas lines.
In March 1963 the first services were held in the shell of the church with only the foundations and walls completed. On October 31st, 1964 St. John the Divine was dedicated with The Reverend Theodore H. McCrary officiating.
In June 1977 ground was broken for the Parish Hall and was completed in February 1978. It was dedicated and consecrated by the The Rt. Reverend A. Donald Davies, and named for former vicar, The Reverend Neil A. Hess.
Over the years, the ladies of St. John the Divine sold baked Altar Bread and linens sewn by hand. Additionally, through Blessed Angel Glass Works, the men of St. John the Divine have designed, made and repaired stain glass throughout the Diocese, including the Diocesan Center in Ft. Worth, Ascension/ St. Mark in Bridgeport and even the Synagogue in Wichita Falls.
Today, we continue as a Catholic Mission in the Episcopal Diocese of Fort Worth under the leadership of The Rt. Reverend Ryan S. Reed, Fourth Bishop of Fort Worth, Texas.


Great battles on a small scale
The Exhibition Space
The result is a welcoming and modern space, in line with modern exhibition trends, where the public can enjoy strolling through each one of its rooms and discover the collection of over 32,000 lead figurines spread out over 23 historical scenes.
The most has been made of the collection to develop its educational character, with the various dioramas showing visitors from all backgrounds the history of the surrounding towns This ranges from the area’s armies to the technological development of mankind, all applied to the concept of the domination and defence of empires, kingdoms and states, and their constant objectives of territory, economy, religious ideals, expansionism… all of which have been the cause of so many armed conflicts since time began.
The tour of the museum is organised as a unique, winding pathway that chronologically twists its way through various dioramas. Visitors can view the recreation of international armies and battles, from Ancient Egypt, Classical Greece and the Roman Empire through to the period of the Crusades, the Crown of Aragón, the Spanish Legions and the Napoleonic era, without forgetting the great 20th century wars, modern mountain units and the Spanish army, now deployed on humanitarian missions.
The guided visit, is organised in small groups and lasts for 50 minutes during which the visitor travels through the museum guided by the lights and accompanied by explanations, music and other sound effects. During the visit, which can be enjoyed at leisure, you can discover a multitude of surprises and elements which are found in each of the models. Visitors are also given an information leafleft with detailed information on the Museum, and there is also the possibility to hire individual audioguides, which provide the visit's commentary in various different languages.
As an additional feature, four large-format panoramic screens have been installed, which show images of the current Armoured Division, the Peacekeeping Forces and the Aragón Mountain Hunter Brigade.
A room has also been set aside for educational activities, which can be used for conferences, film screenings, miniatures workshops, historical role-play games, model competitions, etc. It is also used to show a video explaining the creation of the Museum, describing the techniques used to create each of the dioramas and the painstaking work undertaken to achieve the realistic, deep and natural effects in each of the scenes.
Avda. primer viernes de mayo s/n
22700 Jaca (Huesca)
web design: Diego Fernández


Splash of Color Farm bloodlines were started over thirty years ago by my family. We have bred quality ponies
for several years that excel in western pleasure classes and as trail mounts. Currently we have several brood mares
and five registered stallions. If you are looking for a large pony for you or a child you have came to the right place.
The original farm (Maple Valley Farm) and my first pony!!
Here is a picture of the first pony that I ever had, Midget. He passed away February 2004 after his 28th


heritage home extensions & additions
Sydney's North Shore is full of incredible homes with long standing history. Local councils look to preserve some of this history in the residential housing sector by recognising significant homes as 'heritage homes'. Heritage sites gain their status from a range or factors, ranging from cultural significance to aesthetic value.
When it comes to renovating a heritage site, certain rules and regulations are in place to ensure that the history isn't knocked down or destroyed. However just because your home is heritage listed, this doesn't mean you can't create the home of your dreams. Over the years we have completed countless extensions and additions on heritage homes over Sydney, especially in both Upper North Shore and Lower North Shore suburbs like Mosman, Roseville and Wahroonga. Some of the beautiful features we like to accentuate in heritage projects are sandstone and brickwork, internal detail to ceilings, fireplace areas as well as windows and glazing. Alterations and additions allows you to create more space by extension, first floor additions and change layouts to create new areas of the home while keeping and highlighting the homes beautiful heritage values.
Take a look at some our favourite Beecraft heritage projects from over the years.


The Naevus Heresy
Inquisitor Masters took a break from his duties as an active Inquisitor for several years. When he took up the mantle again it was far away from Naevus and the entire sector. He never contacted any of his team ever again. The Inquisition has credited him with the utter destruction of the Zothrian Race and all traces of that Xenos and the daemon they employed, and the confounding of another hive spawning. The costs in man power and materiel of the Naevus Heresy War, as it becomes known, pale to insignificance against the vast output of the Ostian hive in years to come. Some inquisitors still state that the risks were too great and the entire city should have been purged, but history favours Masters’ approach.
Inquisitor Aldermann continued his effort for the Ordo Xenos. He was charged with destroying all remaining evidence, artefacts, bodies and anything tainted by the Naevus Heresy. He did this in his traditional fashion of loading it all into a cargo hauler and then firing the entire lot into a black hole. For him the fallout of the last 50 years of the Heresy was not over, indeed the final conspirator of the Naevus Heresy would never forgive him for his actions.
Gaius left the service of the Ostian Cohortes Urbanae. Although he tried, he did not have the stomach for politics in the end. Nor did he have a skill for the day to day administration of a police department. He spent some time as an officer investigating crime, but there was always a void in his life where his part as a throne agent had been. He took to private and freelance work, but was never truly satisfied. Eventually he took employment with a Rogue Trader, hoping to find his answers amongst the stars.
The events of the Naevus Heresy had a profound effect on Jael. She found it hard to reconcile the achievement in the name of the Emperor with her hard line on the alien and the heretic, both of which she had seemed to work with at one time or another. Jael swore an oath of silence and went on a pilgrimage to the Well of Saint Maria a holy site near the Holy City of Andos. There she returned the Blade of Gabriel to the order of sisters who honoured that site. Although she was welcomed and allowed to stay indefinitely Jael still felt an inner turmoil. She left the nunnery and sought peace on the path of the Hermit. She became a recluse and never spoke another word to a human, but reserved all her thoughts and prayers for the Emperor. People would travel to her, sit with her and pray in silence, but none would stay. Nobody ever knew if she died contented or of her soul was still in turmoil.
Magos Thaddius was entrusted with one of the most valuable assets and secrets of the Mechanicus. The Misercord and its flotilla of service vessels, mining ships, factory ships and refineries tracked a path back to the Ultima Segmentatum. Upon his studying of the archives of Magos Thuulian he discovered a number of chilling truths. He discovered the true involvement of the Mechanicus in the treachery of Naevus, and indeed far beyond, especially earlier. He used his new found power to cancel any projects beyond the pale and to purge many documents of a heretical nature. For the good of the Mechanicus Thaddius sealed and destroyed the documents detailing what really happened in the Tycho Mutiny, and what really happened on, under and above Piraxis IV.
Although he was able to rebuild the cortex of his Sister Estellis, he never knew if what he had reconstructed was a true representation of her mind state, or if much of it was his own influence seeping through during the long and complex reconstruction process. This was a tragedy because he was never able to properly reconcile with her.
Isaac could never fully comprehend the Heresy. He preferred a simple life as a soldier. Isaac was slain in the final battle with the daemon prince trapped within the nexus stone. His noble sacrifice bought sufficient time for the acolytes to defeat the peril. Though he officially was disgraced, the survivors knew his great heart and even Mathias Balazar said a prayer to him to send him on his way to the embrace of the Emperor. Though he never explained why, Baron Ulbrexis funded a stained glass window of a commissar reading from book with a power fist to be installed in the rebuilding of a cathedral during the reconstruction of Amus. Nobody knew why, but it was the Baron’s money so nobody argued.
Maxim was driven rather mad by the Gemini stone that he touched. He never again had his full faculties. He went back to his criminal ways and earned a reputation for being very effective, ruthless and completely unpredictable.
Xantius never survived the death of the Nexus stone. It was the only thing keeping him and Ico in the Materium. What became of his soul is a matter for speculation, though the events of the battle under the Citadel of Cruciation were never acknowledged formally the Inquisitorial records do note his passing. It forms part of the great debate of Radical verses Puritan, but by the standards of the Inquisition it only forms a minor footnote to part of one tiny argument in that debate. Officially Xantius died a heroic death at the Gates of Amus Hive. His family earned much credit for this sacrifice and rose in power in the Ostian senate.
Gallia would disappear back into the shadows from whence she came. Though she never worked with Masters again she did continue to work for the Inquisition. Castella joined a battle group and shipped out a few years later to fight the Ruinous-Powers on a distant world. Solonius disappeared; Gaius once thought of tracking him down, but never did in the end. Lustig was slain by the Horros in the Citadel of Cruciation. When his will was read out he thanked Masters for giving him a second chance and the acolytes for accepting him. Gaia eventually got her wish, she was drafted into the guard and made the rank of Marshall. The Ostian legions carved out yet more honours for the proud traditions of Naevus. The Baron had a few more war stories, but never revealed the confidences of what really happened in the Naevus Heresy.
Inquisitor Marien … well that might be another story.


July 24 2020
A historian of antiquity shows how the Christian Revolution forged the Western imagination Crucifixion, the Romans believed, was the worst fate imaginable. It was this that rendered it so suitable a punishment for slaves. How astonishing it was, then, that people should have come to believe that one particular victim of crucifixion-an obscure provincial by the name of Jesus-had been a god. Dominion explores the implications of this shocking conviction as they have reverberated throughout history. Today, the West remains utterly saturated by Christian assumptions. Our morals and ethics are not universal. Instead, they are the fruits of a very distinctive civilization. Concepts such as secularism, liberalism, science, and homosexuality are deeply rooted in a Christian seedbed. From Babylon to the Beatles, Saint Michael to #MeToo, Dominion tells the story of how Christianity transformed the world.
Pdf downloads: Descarga gratuita de libros de iphone CAIDA Y AUGE DE REGINALD PERRIN 9788415578161 PDB ePub RTF de DAVID NOBBS in Spanish here, Downloads books for kindle Dirty Letters 9781542016797 DJVU MOBI iBook (English literature) pdf, Gratis libros de computadora para descargar LIMPIEZA HEPATICA Y DE LA VESICULA: UNA PODEROSA HERRAMIENTA PARA OPTIMIZAR SU SALUD Y BIENESTAR en español 9788497772952 de ANDREAS MORITZ download pdf, Amazon books download to kindle The Turn of the Key site,


Prior to coming to New Troy Strategies, David worked at Norway Hill Associates (NHA), a political campaign and issue management firm based in Hancock, New Hampshire. NHA provides long-range strategic planning and short-term project management to political campaigns at all levels of government.
Since 1980, Mr. Carney has been involved in Republican politics, as well as both state and federal government. His experience gives him a unique understanding of the relationship between political strategy and public policy.
During the past decade, Mr. Carney has helped dozens of statewide and Congressional campaigns, including the campaigns of former Governor Rick Perry (TX), Senator John Barrasso (WY), and Texas’s current Governor, Greg Abbott.
During the 1996 presidential campaign, Mr. Carney served various roles in the Dole for President and Dole/Kemp organization. He served as Senior Adviser traveling with Vice Presidential nominee Jack Kemp. Before that, he was a Senior Adviser to the Dole for President primary campaign. In 1995, Mr. Carney served as a consultant to Majority Leader Bob Dole in an intergovernmental affairs capacity, working with Governors, Members of Congress, other elected officials, and private sector interests.
Prior to his work for Senator Dole, David held the position of Deputy Executive Director of the National Republican Senatorial Committee, where he was responsible for overseeing the committee’s political operations. “He was instrumental in the GOP’s brilliant 1994 senatorial campaign effort, in which the party picked up eight seats.” (Time Magazine 7/31/95)
Mr. Carney served the Bush-Quayle ’92 campaign as Director of Political Affairs and National Field Director. He joined the Bush-Quayle campaign on January 20, 1992, after three years at the White House Office of Political Affairs, where he was commissioned a Special Assistant to the President and also held the position of Director of Political Affairs.
Before moving to Washington, DC in 1988 to serve in the Bush White House, David spent more than a decade working with Governor John H. Sununu. He began his career in politics as Field Director for Mr. Sununu’s unsuccessful run for the United States Senate in 1980 and then served in the same capacity during Sununu’s successful campaign for Governor two years later. He would go on to serve as co-manager on both Governor Sununu’s successful reelection campaigns. David also served on Governor Sununu’s staff as Special Assistant to the Governor and later Deputy Chief of Staff.
Mr. Carney is a former trustee of his alma mater, New England College in Henniker, NH, where he earned a Master of Science in Public Policy and BS in Business Administration. He is currently a Doctoral candidate in Community Economic Development at Southern New Hampshire University.
David lives in New Hampshire with his wife, Lauren, and their three children.


Chances are good that you have probably seen the infamous “Abraham Lincoln Didn’t Quit” list that has appeared in numerous emails and books ever since it was first created, even appearing in Reader’s Digest in 1967. The 16th President of the United States indeed overcame a number of difficulties in his life, but as the urban legends reference pages at Snopes.com notes about the “Didn’t Quit” list, much of the information contained on the list is guilty of exaggeration or taken out of context.
One claim on that list is that in 1833, Lincoln “borrowed some money from a friend to begin a business and by the end of the year he was bankrupt. He spent the next 17 years of his life paying off this debt.” As Snopes points out, “Honest Abe” had no money for his half when he and William F. Berry purchased a general store in New Salem, Illinois, that year. Rather, he signed a note with one of the previous owners for his share. When he was unable to pay off that note after the debt on the store became due the following year, CNN noted, “Lincoln didn’t have modern bankruptcy laws to protect him.”
CNN said Lincoln lost his two remaining assets, a horse and some surveying gear, but as Snopes notes, “Lincoln had obtained a position as the New Salem postmaster, and by 1835 he was earning money both as a surveyor and a state legislator.” While CNN reported that Lincoln continued paying off his debts until well into the 1840s, Snopes pointed out that it did not take 17 years nor was Lincoln “completely financially encumbered until it was paid in full.”
While Lincoln’s struggles might be subject to some embellishment over time, the fact remains that the man whose face appears on the penny had a period of time in his life where he did not have “a single cent to spare,” as CNN put it. And as CNN also mentioned, other presidents such as Thomas Jefferson, Ulysses S. Grant and William McKinley have also experienced bankruptcy.
You might not have hopes of becoming commander-in-chief, but Abraham Lincoln and other presidents who overcame bankruptcy can hopefully prove to you the heights still available after filing for Chapter 7 or Chapter 13.
Benjamin Brand Services – Chicago bankruptcy attorney


A Country Doctor Goes to War
Author: Tamara Thayer
A Country Doctor Goes to War was the winner of 10 book awards. A chance discovery of pictures, letters, artifacts, and a war journal among her grandfather’s personal belongings spurred Tamara Thayer to document the life story of Dr. Ellsworth “Mike” Thayer in A Country Doctor Goes to War. This is much more than the biography of a doctor who served on the island of Tinian during WWII; it paints a vivid picture of facing the highs and lows of life with integrity.


Chacchoben Archaeological Site
The closest archaeological site of significance to Mahahual is Chacchoben. It consists of one main stepped pyramid that you can walk to the top of. The main structure is surrounded by many other low lying structures.
Kohunlich Archaeological Site
The most impressive archaeological site in the area is Kohunlich. Located 1.5 hours from Mahahual this is an extensive site with murals, pyramids and plazas, a great chance of spotting wildlife like howler or spider monkeys.
Dzibanche & Kinichna Archaeological Site
The two most remote archaeological sites lie side by side in dense tropical jungle. Located 2 hours from Mahahual these two sites were of great importance in Mayan times. The ruins have been conquered by nature, making a mystic site even more special. This 2 for 1 special is definitely worth the drive.
CONTACT US HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION


A FLUSH HISTORY
What do Albert Einstein, Queen Elizabeth 1, Ancient Rome & Egypt all have in common? Riches and jewels? No. Hair on fleek? Well, yes… but no. How about a healthy affection for indoor plumbing? BINGO! Though this royal favorite was not always what’s it’s cracked up to be today (see what we did there?), the history of “The John,” - whose respective nickname would not be established until well after the invention of the first flush toilet in 1596 by Sir John Harington - is a tale of great minds, commonplace hygiene, and several head-scratchers. Without further ado, take a seat as we roll out a few fun facts concerning the history of indoor plumbing!
1. Elizabethan Influencer
The man we know to have invented the first flush toilet, Sir John Harington, also bears a vibrant history of going from exiled imbecile to exceptional inventor. After having been banished from court for his uncanny ability to offend company with his nature for naughty storytelling, it was this forced exile and solitude that led him to put his creativity to better use. Having been forgiven by his godmother, Queen Elizabeth 1, she visited his home (near Bath - funny enough) where he was more than happy to give her Royal Highness a chance to try out a new kind of throne. Amused, amazed and adamant about moving on from her chamber pot days, Queen Elizabeth 1 became the first owner of a private, indoor flush toilet system - custom made to be installed her home quarters. I guess you could say she was the first to visit “The John.”
2. The Term “Loo”
While you’d think the Queen’s favorite things would be all the rage for her constituents, this new commode was not a hot commodity. Chamber pots continued to be the popular means. Now if you’ve been educated on the process of using a chamber pot & what the clean-up entails, you’re equally as puzzled as I am as to how this seemingly logical switch was snickered at. I mean… what? And furthermore… why? Especially when you consider the classy feeling it must have stirred up when the chamber pots needed emptying. Ah, yes, nothing quite says French Aristocracy like a hearty, “Heads up,” bellowed from the windows as you give ample warning to those on the street below that it would be momentarily raining waste. (Just quick step to the side, everyone!) The common cry to let out in this moment was, “Gardez-l’eau,” roughly translated to, “save water!” How celebratory of them and, I suppose, kind. This common outburst was shortened into the nickname we know today as simply, “loo.”
3. Power & Plumbarius
Picturing Ancient Egypt & Rome, considering all the lavishness and seemingly wonderous accomplishments they achieved as great powers of the old world, there is one feat that often goes overlooked in both cultural histories: toilets. Not just toilets, but intricately designed indoor plumbing. Yes, the plumbing systems themselves (with copper piping in Egypt, lead piping in Rome, and both systems being low maintenance for the times) were revered as a tell-tale sign of their people’s wealth & luxury, but not as much as the hands that crafted such luxury. Plumbers were held high regard in both Egypt & Rome. “Plumbarius” was the official title given to the Romans who were skilled in leadwork, or “plumbum.” With being able to gift the world a new kind of privacy in new ways of engineering luxury, it is easy to see what made these skilled workers some of the most eligible bachelors of their time.
There is no question to be had about the brilliant mind of Albert Einstein being fine-tuned to think outside the box. Never one to let his curiosities lay, it was during the U.S. Government’s persecution of assumed communist influence within the science, government and civilian communities during the 1950’s that had him puzzled. Albert believed that in a free country, citizens should be able to carry on with their normal day-to-day lives without the obligation of publicly accounting for political membership. This irritation, frustration and perplexing wave of scrutiny led him to pen a letter to the editor of The Reporter, clearly depicting his stance on the turn of events. In his letter, he claimed,
“If I would be a young man again and had to decide how to make my living, I would not try to become a scientist or scholar or teacher. I would rather choose to be a plumber or a peddler in the hope to find that modest degree of independence still available under present circumstances.”
While Einstein was simply discussing his discord of the situation and circumstances, this letter catapulted his popularity among the Plumbers and Steamfitter’s Union. Shortly after the publication and widespread hysteria over Albert’s sentiments, they granted him both a working card and lifetime membership to Chicago Local 130 Plumbers Union.
5. Aw, Crap
Contrary to popular belief, Thomas Crapper did not invent the flush toilet nor is he the originating source of the slang word, “crap.” Mr. Crapper, in fact, was much more accomplished than having one singular namesake product/patent. A well-respected plumber and founder of Thomas Crapper & Co (whose original moniker/emblem can still be seen on the streets of old London), he held patents for improvements to already existing plumbing fixtures, such as the floating ballcock and turning the then popular S-Curve into a U-Curve. Never a man for small showmanship, Thomas was an instrumental pioneer in turning the improper conversation of bathroom functionalities into a consumer frenzy. His biggest showcasing and possibly highest publicized notoriety came in 1870 with the opening of Crapper’s Marlboro Works showroom – where visitors could peruse the latest & greatest luxury of all bathroom design, including a try-before-you-buy opportunity for those who wished to test the newest models. Mr. Crapper may have not been the first brain to tap into the wonders of reengineering bathroom advances, he is certainly an unforgettable piece of the flush history of indoor plumbing.
With much more colorful tidbits to follow, these are just a few of the fun facts we discovered throughout or research. Tune in next week as we deep dive into disastrous tales of when DIY turns plain dumb. Stay warm out there and don’t forget to smile! :)


Due to the outbreak of the Coronavirus throughout the globe Formula One’s 2020 Australian Grand Prix was officially cancelled, after a McLaren member tested positive for coronavirus, the 2020 Chinese Grand Prix was already postponed after the strain of novel coronavirus was believed to have originated in the country, while the spread increases globally further races may be cancelled. but these will not be the first cancelled races in Formula 1. these are a few cancellations from Formula One’s past.
The Bahrain Grand Prix
The 2011 Bahrain Grand Prix was scheduled to be that year season opener, but on the 14th of February 2011 a number of uprisings took place across the Middle East and North Africa, known as the Arab Spring. as numerous citizens protested against oppressive regimes and a poor quality of life, with that in mind and Bahrain one such country experiencing civil unrest the race was postponed until the end of the season, the plan was to reinstate the Bahrain Grand Prix to the 30th of October in the process moved the Indian Grand Prix to a December slot.
But unhappy with the logistics involved and the seeming disregard for the human rights implications the formal one teams association FOTA the plan. Bahrain GP officials then subsequently dropped any plans to host the race that year, instead waiting for its reinstatement in 2012.
The Chinese Grand Prix
The 2020 Chinese Grand Prix is not the first race in China to be cancelled, the nation was penciled in for its inaugural F1 race back in 1999. back then the F1 former chief Bernie Ecclestone announced in 1998, that the Zhuhai international circuit was to host a Grand Prix on the 21st of March, which would make it the second round of the 1999 calendar.
But just months after its announcement f1 announced that the Chinese Grand Prix would no longer go ahead, as the FIA had been insufficiently impressed by the facilities of the circuit, which needed work if it was to appear on the following year’s calendar. however this never happened and China had to wait until the 2004 season to get its first Grand Prix, held at Shanghai. although jacques villeneuve like the Zhuhai circuit describing it as similar to the spielberg circuit in austria we never got the chance to see it in f1 action.
The Argentine Grand Prix
Another race supposed to be on the 1999 calendar was the Argentine Grand Prix, but unlike China it had been a mainstay on the f1 schedule, after the Argentine Great Depression which began in late 1998 the organisers of the race were feeling the pinch and were unable to match the funding, that China promised to host the race.
But as we’ve previously mentioned the Zhuhai race was cancelled and the Argentine Grand Prix was reinstated to the calendar, with provisional March 28th slot pending talks with promoters and Formula One. but by the end of January the Argentine Grand Prix was also knocked off the calendar, after Formula One was unable to come to an agreement.
The race that the Buenos Aires circuit was deemed not financially viable, as several upgrades were requested but not ultimately produced, the 1998 Argentine Grand Prix then was the last f1 race held in Argentina. and although efforts were made to organize a street race in Mar del Plata at the 2013 season, but it never came to fruition.
The Portugal Estoril Grand Prix
Estoril in 1997 having been on the calendar for over a decade Estoril was one of the more scruffy venues on the f1 schedule. and the FIA had been badgering the circuit owners for years to make some upgrades but when the FIA formally requested a few safety changes, Estoril owners scoffed after all they’ve been on the calendar for years without having to make any renovations.
But in response F1 called its bluff and pulled Estoril off the calendar, replacing it with the Jerez circuit in Spain. the caveat was that if Estoril could make the safety changes required the FIA offered it a slot on the calendar on the 9th of November. But the fixes weren’t made in time.
South Africa Grand Prix
Despite the backdrop of apartheid South Africa was due to host the season opener of the 1981 Formula One season. however the year began under the cloud of political wrangling between governing body FISA led by jean-marie balestre, and the Constructors Association Foca led by Bernie Ecclestone. FISA wanted to change the date of the season opening race Kyle army to April the 11th, two months after the original February 7th date that had been previously agreed.
Foca consisting largely of the British teams on the grid, also had an agreement with Kyle armies management for the February date, leaving the two governing bodies in a little bit of a pickle.
The race wasn’t canceled but it was run as a Formula Libre race rather than a Formula One race, meaning that it didn’t have to adhere to the 1981 regulations, which had heavily restricted ground-effect aerodynamics.
The Foca teams ran at Kyalami with all their bells and whistles in a non championship race, won by Williams driver Carlos Reutemann. but the race was ultimately stricken from the F1 record beforehand. but with the threats of coronavirus rapidly spreading worldwide more races may be cancelled this season.


For more than 26 years I had a great office in the center of downtown Santa Barbara – the building called ‘El Centro’ appropriately. It was built in 1929 and had a great vibe to it. Twenty-four offices and each one occupied by an interesting person or people.
I wrote about the history of the building for the SB Trust for Hysterical Preservation, I mean Historical. (wink wink) Here’s the story, to give you an idea of the place. I knew all the people who worked there. My office was located where the old reception area was for the original law offices it was made for. People naturally gravitated to my doors to ask, do you know where suite number so and so is? I’d ask them for the person’s name – then I could tell them where they were.
I was thinking about this because , earlier this week, I read Neal Graffy’s write-up in Edhat.com about how the name of the street the El Centro was on, Canon Perdido, came to be. It translates to mean ‘the lost cannon.’ There’s a funny anecdote here told by the self-proclaimed historian of Santa Barbara – Neal Graffy. I give all kudos to him for the history and stories he has accumulated. https://www.edhat.com/news/its-stolen-cannon-day?fbclid=IwAR2sEDJojBrN2YT9SPgLMjinkVgokShQnUw8mG2J3hT9DC9SOHsAtxConC8


The assault rifle has been in the news a lot lately; there is much controversy surrounding this class of weapon. Where did these guns come from, and how did they become such a popular weapon for hunting?
Assault rifles were first considered during and after World War I. During the first World War, most soldiers used bolt-action rifles. These were old school. These old school rifles would shoot fast, and they were designed to be precise, but only if the rifleman had the skill to make it precise.
These bolt-action weapons were very powerful and accurate, but expensive to make. And they were better for long distance shooting; not ideal for close-up combat because they were too long and heavy to be used in tight spots.
The only alternative was really a pistols; a soldier could carry either a revolver or a semi-automatic. These would each fire a single shot each time the trigger was pulled. They did not need any assistance from the shooter (no bolt action required). Pistols were less powerful, and the speed of the bullets were slower.
The machine gun, however, was the fastest weapon. These were fully automatic; they would continually shoot ammo as long as the trigger was held back. The recoil was extreme, so a machine gun was only fired from a fixed mount or a tripod.
World War II
During World War II, American soldiers needed more firepower. The title ‘assault rifle’ was actually coined by Adolf Hitler. Towards the end of World War II, the Americans heard about a new weapon Hitler’s army was using. He wanted the gun not to be known by its technical name, but by a name that made the enemies afraid. He called it a ‘Sturmgewehr’, which translates to ‘storm weapon’ or ‘assault weapon’. This was the StG44, which was the first production assault rifle.
The assault rifle was designed to deliver more fire rapidly and effectively on the battlefield; allowing few soldiers to kill the largest numbers of enemy possible. It worked as both a rifle at combat range, and as a machinegun at close range.
As more and more armies began using assault rifles, it became impossible for others not to follow. These rifles were light and could be controlled easily. These highly effective weapons soon became the most common weapon of the world’s militaries.
The United States was actually slow to adopt this firearm. Their first true assault rifle was the AR-15 or M-16, which was first developed in the 1960s.


Historically Black Neighborhoods in Louisville: James Taylor–Jacob School Neighborhood
Center For Neighborhoods worked with the James Taylor–Jacob School Neighborhood to create an updated neighborhood plan, which was adopted in November 2020 and is available here. Much of the information included in this post comes from the plan.
The roots of the historically Black neighborhood of James Taylor–Jacob School can be traced back to the construction of the Jefferson Jacob School around 1918.
Named for the first free African American counted in the Harrod’s Creek census, the Jefferson Jacob School was constructed along Jacob School Road using volunteers, donated materials, and Rosenwald Fund support. The Rosenwald Fund was created to assist African American communities across the country with providing access to education. Support was especially important in the South, where “Southern school boards and state systems of education routinely underfunded African American schools while allocating more funds for the education of white students” (https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/rosenwald-fund-schools-1912-1932/).
In 1922, after the school was opened, James T. Taylor, a farmer and owner of a small real estate company, purchased land adjacent to Jacob School Road and began raising livestock. He soon created a subdivision and sold parcels to African American families.
The first subdivision was created along Shirley Avenue, and more housing was developed over several decades, including by James T. Taylor’s son, James S. Taylor. The development plans established large, suburban lots that enabled large gardens for self-sufficiency, coupled with smaller traditional wood frame housing set back on the lots to provide a rural character.
According to Carridder “Rita” Jones, author of Voices from African American Communities Near Louisville, Kentucky, “the James Taylor Subdivision came about for different reasons than most subdivisions. Taylor wanted people to have nice homes and be near their work. He felt that African American who toiled as domestic servants and farm laborers for wealthy households around Prospect in the 1920s deserved modest country homes of their own at the end of the day. What he started out to do was sell land he had control over to blacks. There was no other area where blacks could buy land in the area” (https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/oldham/2015/12/11/james-taylor-helped-black-neighborhood-start/76806550/).
This development is significant to Black history not only locally but nationally as well: It is the only known example of a modern subdivision originally created and maintained solely by and for African Americans. Neighborhood residents state an attachment to this history, seeing it as foundational to the character and values of the neighborhood itself.
For three generations, the James Taylor–Jacob School Neighborhood was composed mostly of family members of original homeowners. While the neighborhood has seen demographic shifts that echo the larger sprawling development of eastern Jefferson County and nearby Prospect, there are still original homes and homeowners in the neighborhood, as well as second- and third-generation descendants who have purchased or inherited their homes from their parents or grandparents.
Mr. Mark Jackson, president of the James Taylor–Jacob School Neighborhood Association, is the great-great-grandson of Jefferson Jacob. His mother grew up in the neighborhood, then returned with her family in 1962 after having previously moved away. He lives in the home his parents purchased from a retired school teacher that year. Mr. Jackson’s oldest daughter rents a home that once belonged to his great-grandmother, and he plans to pass his home onto her someday. He hopes she’ll then pass it onto one of her children or grandchildren. “I pray it stays in the family,” he says.
Ms. Annette Papps, neighborhood association secretary, has lived in the neighborhood since she was nine years old. She describes the James Taylor–Jacob School Neighborhood as a close-knit community where people “want to know each other and take care of each other,” sending cards on significant occasions or providing meals in times of need. “That’s the kind of closeness we have,” she says. “That’s how it was when I was a little girl.”
Both Mr. Jackson and Ms. Papps assisted in the creation of the James Taylor–Jacob School Neighborhood Plan, which seeks to ensure that the neighborhood preserves and promotes its cultural, environmental, and physical assets while embracing diversity and appropriate growth.
When it comes to preservation, they both want the neighborhood to maintain its historic prevalence of single-family homes. But even more importantly, they want the neighborhood to preserve its caring spirit.
“I want us to be known as the friendliest place on this side of Jefferson County,” Ms. Papps says.
Mr. Jackson agrees. As he puts it, “the Bible says, ‘Love your neighbor like yourself.’”


Memphis cemetery is located in the ancient Egyptian pyramid kingdoms around the capital, including rock tombs, ornate mastabas, temples and pyramids, is considered to be one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Construction site at giza pyramids and the sphinx, the objects here are so holy, although that time in the past thousands of years, but there still remain the same. The pyramids of giza grand appearance, is located on the plateau, and the old city across the river Nile in Cairo.
Fold distribution range, number:
Pyramid tomb group of site is located in the ancient kingdom of Egypt's capital Meng Fei period, mainly on the giza plateau. According to legend, ancient Egypt's third dynasty before the nobles and common people died, was buried in a clay brick of rectangle tombs, the ancient egyptians called it "prof". Later, there was a smart young man named Imran charge too, in the left king of design to the Egyptian pharaoh tomb, invented a new construction method. He plucked a square stone mountain as a substitute for clay brick, and continually modify the design scheme of the tomb, and eventually create a level 6 of the ziggurat - that's what we're seeing the prototype of the pyramid. Pyramid wind to expand in the third dynasty pharaoh, he was preparing for his tomb has been built to 57 meters high level 6 the ziggurat. To the fourth dynasty pharaoh more proud, no matter the rise of the wind of the tomb, and the three great pyramids. The fifth dynasty was established by the chief priests of the sun. Because of the fierce opposition from the people and pharaoh financial pinch, fifth dynasty obviously reduces the size of to build the pyramids. After the 6th dynasty resurgence, state governors are independent, the pharaoh's centralized hollow. The ancient kingdom unified situation, divided gradually collapse, the wind of the pyramid is weak.
How much built pyramids of ancient Egypt is different, some said more than 70 seats, some said more than 80 seats. Egyptian archaeological cultural relics bureau chief was announced on January 3, 1993, "in the ancient area and found a pyramid. This is the world's most important archaeological finds, the pyramid total to 96." This number should be a plausible. The ancients regard death as a kind of renewable, so you take the same carefully designed the apartment after death. The human to die the addiction may end in the next century. Believe in the next century we won't have what monarch or a President made such grave.
The host of the main pyramid is pharaoh of Egypt. Pharaoh, the appellation of the original intention is "live in the people" in the big house. As king is the man who is "WuFangHu"? Pyramid is only solve housing problem after the death of Kings? Of course not. The pharaohs care about death, primarily for the world to prepare for material things. The afterlife is a major feature of Egyptian religion. The king didn't want to let the death is the end of power, so the king died resin anticorrosion coating with spices such as drugs, and then the body (mummy) with food and other necessities in the great mausoleum.
The base of the pyramid is square, all around are four equal triangles, looking like Chinese characters "gold" word, so the Chinese translation of "pyramid". The ancient kingdom of the sun god has been regarded as the kingdom of Egypt during the period of god, is considered to be "of" the sun god, son of pharaoh. "Pyramid inscriptions" said: "the sky his light to you, so you can descend from heaven".
Thousands of years, the ancient Egyptian pyramids and the sphinx has stood at giza, in Egypt, south of the Libyan desert, the miracle of human architectural history as if to convey to the people from a distant era information this information to make a lot of visiting tourists have a strange impulse, in the distant ancient there must be something omnipotent, but as time goes by, it gradually disappeared.(China Window)


Gold processing, preparation of the ore for use in various products. For thousands of Until the time of Christ, Egypt remained the centre of gold production. Gold was By ad 100, up to 40,000 slaves were employed in gold mining in Spain.
To isolate pure gold, mining companies use a complex extraction process. Leaching dissolves the gold out of the ore using a chemical solvent. Major goldproducing countries include South Africa, the United States, Australia, Mexico,
The study included the investigation of both Bronze Age gold artefacts and the artefacts indicate that the gold which was used to manufacture the artefacts was 1020 alluvial gold specimens and samples of gold ore from the Sakdrisi mine
Gold mining is the resource extraction of gold by mining. Contents. 1 History 2 Statistics Despite the decreasing gold content of ores, the production is increasing. This can be achieved with industrial installations, and new process, like
21 Nov 2018 Seeking to learn about gold mining without mercury Check out Concentration means increasing the amount of gold in ore or sediment, or determined manually depending on the equipment and the material processed.
The life cycle of mining begins with exploration, continues through production These data are critical to an understanding of the geological history of ore formation. has been the key factor in the discovery of major copper and gold deposits.


So, today is the 32nd anniversary of your 3rd place at the British Grand Prix. The British Grand Prix isn’t held at Brand’s Hatch anymore, so I don’t really know much about the track. It was an exciting race, from what I’ve heard (when is F1 unexciting?!?). It’s a shame you got beaten by Prost, but this is before your rivalry got the better of you two. 3rd is a very respectable place, your first podium! This is when the world was first waking up to your genius – and the entire Formula 1 world realised something very special was about to happen.


The horned Ceratosaurus is one of the most distinctive meat-eating dinosaurs. This medium-sized predator lived in North America and Europe during the Jurassic, around 150 million years ago. History: Ceratosaurus was named in 1884 by the eminent American paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh of Yale University. Marsh based his description on an almost complete skeleton from Colorado. In reference to its most distinctive feature, Marsh named it Ceratosaurus, meaning horned lizard, and gave it the species name C. nasicornis, meaning â€˜ornamental nose. Scientific Name: Ceratosaurus nasicornis Characteristics: Ceratosaurus was a slender carnivore with a distinctive large skull with a blade-like horn on its snout and a small horn over each eye. It walked on two long legs and had three-toed feet and sharp curved claws. It had very short but powerful arms with four-fingered hands, although only three fingers had claws.


Very excited to announce the release on August 27, 2019 of 35 Days In The Air - A World War II Memoir by Michael Carestio and Timothy Minneci via Amazon for paperback and Kindle. About the book:
From July 8th, 1944 to December 6th, 1944, Michael Carestio of the 713th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy, assigned to the 448th Fighter-Bomber Group, part of an Eighth Air Force B-24 Liberator Unit in England, kept a handwritten journal documenting each of the thirty-five missions over France, Belgium and Germany. Each mission was notated with the date, target, bomb load, type and length.
In 2018, Michael first sat down with his grand nephew Timothy Minneci for what would end up becoming a series of interviews, revisiting his life before, during and after World War II. This book collects those interviews, provides a notated transcription of the journal, and shares photographs and memorabilia from Michael's personal collection.


Born in the central province
The GMOA was inaugurated on the 16th of October 1926 at a meeting held in Kandy, and attended by 16 medical officers. Initially the Association was known as the Government Medical Officers’ Association (Central Province) and confined its activities only to that Province, although Government Medical Officers of other Provinces were also eligible for membership. Amongst the list of objectives of the Association, which included the traditional ones pertaining to safeguarding the Rights and privileges of its members, one also finds a clause about “Promoting social intercourse” among members! The first President of the GMOA was Dr. H. Ludovici, the Joint Secretaries being Dr. S. L. Navaratnam and Dr. I. A. Senanayake. The initial membership fee was Rs. 5/- per year. Amongst the demands listed in the inaugural meeting one finds mention of salaries, quarters and travelling allowances the very same issues which concern the membership even 75 years later!
Renamed in 1927
In September 1927, the Association changed its name and scope, styling itself as the Government Medical Officers’ Association of Ceylon. The first Annual Dinner was held two months later, on I0th December 1927 and was a highly successful affair. In the formative years, the GMOA seems to have functioned more as a Social Club. evidence of militancy being conspicuous by its absence. (The country was under British rule at Interviews with the Directorate seem to have been formal affairs, months ahead, with the Agenda carefully drawn up, a far cry from today. Letters to and from the Department were couched in suitably prim and proper language.
Expansion of the Ex Co
In 1936, the Executive Committee was expanded to include 3 secretaries even today, despite a manifold increase in membership strength the number of assistant secretaries is 4. Also several posts of ex-officio vice presidents were created, all medical superintendents. Provincial Surgeons, Inspecting medical officers were eligible for this post. An year later, a demand for paying ward facilities for doctors was first made. This was ultimately granted in 1974 thirty seven years later. The Association appears to have gone into hibernation during the years 1939 to 1945, possibly due to the ban on activities during the war years.
First registration as a trade union
In 1945, a fresh start was made under Dr. E. M. Wijerama, the new president who was at tile helm for three years. Four years latter’ on 18th July 1949 the GMOA was first registered as a trade union, being assigned No. 291 under the registration of trade union ordinance.
In 1956, the GMOA posed its first major challenge to the government, under the presidency of Dr. Frank Fernando. A keen tussle ensued which ended only when the Prime Minister of the day Mr. S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike made a personal appearance at a GMOA meeting to announce a new allowance for all Medical Officers.
The GMOA from its inception has worked to improve the salaries and conditions of service of Government Medical Officers. Few months after the Association was formed, we see from the correspondence a letter addressed to Director, Medical & Sanitary Services of the day regarding the inadequacy of salaries and allowances of medical officers and problems relating to housing, and stagnation in the lower grades of the service. These representations to the administration are very much akin to the representations that we are making to the administration at this moment. The Association also aims to protect the rights and privileges of its members and this has become increasingly difficult with the passage of time owing to increased political involvement in the medical service, an example of which is the appointment of lay administrators in the health service.
First strike in the history
The water-shed in trade union work was reached in 1964 when the membership of the day overwhelmingly voted for the institution-of trade union action to increase salaries. This was tile first time that doctors in any part of the world had struck work. The action was successful and the Government awarded an increase in salaries and limited form of practice (Channel Practice). Since then, the Association has
resorted to trade union action as a last resort when negotiations have broken down and with lot of heart-searching as that ‘he interest of the patients are paramount in the minds of its members. We are glad to say that the need or such action has been used very sparingly considering the sometimes very obstinate stance taken by the administration.
The union has wielded the strike weapon both to win demands and to safeguard the position of an individual member, as the walkout staged by the Kandy doctors in support of one of its members, when he was attached by a member of the armed forces.
The GMOA has acted as a watchdog to prevent irregularities in appointments, transfers and the awarding of scholarships for further training, by the Administration. The GMOA has also played a mediatory role between the department and doctors who have fallen foul of the administration due to friction between officers serving in far flung posts and the local politicians. The GMOA has taken a concerned interest in the furtherance of development of the administrative structure of the Health Services and in the provision of post-graduate training facilities for junior hospital doctors. The Union has not been successful in. obtaining representation in the PGIM under whose auspices all post-graduate medical training in this country now takes place. This is a matter of profound regret to the Association and the PGIM loses by not having healthy dialogue with the junior members whom it seeks to serve.
Today the GMOA is a potent force, with a membership exceeding 16000. The 90 branch unions function effectively, both. at a local level and coordinating with the centre. What has been achieved up to now has been due to the dedication of the GMOA’s past members. Now the mantle has fallen on to the next generation of junior doctors to rally around the GMOA banner and ensure that our union will go from strength to strength.


NZFMC has national councils for; Youth, Women, Seniors, Businesses } How does this fit in with the Regional Councils?
At the muilticultural future workshops. who were the young people that got involved? why were there less men than women?
Can I get a copy of MNZ history of its first 25 years book?


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The Revd C E Douglas had the idea of encouraging attendance at Sunday School by a system of stamp collecting. The stamps were originally printed in London. Douglas moved the enterprise to Leighton Buzzard in Bedfordshire where a local printer, Henry Rutherford, began producing the stamps. This was so successful that in July 1907 the Faith Press was founded, at first in a converted cow-shed behind a pub, but from 1910 in a converted brewery in Leighton Buzzard.
In 1909 the Manchester based “Church Printing Company” was taken over by the Society and run as the Manchester Faith Press. It closed in 1921 as a consequence of the post-first World War depression.
The main company flourished, and became a limited liability company in 1913. As well as the “stamps” it published religious books, various periodicals and from 1917 church music. From 1915 a parish insert called The Symbol was printed, to provide Anglo-Catholic priests with good material for sermons and other instructions.
Rising costs and reduced demand led to Faith Press being closed down in 1973. The Society now cooperates with Canterbury Press to publish books.
An external website created by Mr Steven Tandy has many examples of Faith Craft attendance stamps and stamp books.
Reproductions of Faith Press greetings cards can be purchased from the Society.
A list of Faith Press books at FH June 15 can be found by clicking on the link.
The books listed on our website are our own archive copies and not for sale. The titles may available through reputable antiquarian and on-line booksellers. We do not give valuations for Faith Press books.
Information about copyright of Faith Press publications is here.


home > all about cherries > cherry history
The Extraordinary History of Cherries
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Cherries have pleased the palates of food lovers for centuries. Their ruby-red color and tangy taste won cherries a place on the tables of Roman conquerors, Greek citizens and Chinese noblemen. Cherries were brought to America by ship with early settlers in the 1600s.
Later, French colonists from Normandy brought pits that they planted along the Saint Lawrence River and on down into the Great Lakes area. Cherry trees were part of the gardens of French settlers as they established such cities as Detroit, Vincennes, and other midwestern settlements.
Modern day cherry production began in the mid-1800s. Peter Dougherty was a Presbyterian missionary living in northern Michigan. In 1852, he planted cherry trees on Old Mission Peninsula (near Traverse City, Michigan). Much to the surprise of the other farmers and Indians who lived in the area, Dougherty's cherry trees flourished and soon other residents of the area planted trees. The area proved to be ideal for growing cherries because Lake Michigan tempers Arctic winds in winter and cools the orchards in summer.
The first commercial tart cherry orchards in Michigan were planted in 1893 on Ridgewood Farm near the site of Dougherty's original plantings. By the early 1900s, the tart cherry industry was firmly established in the state with orchards not only in the Traverse City area, but all along Lake Michigan from Benton Harbor to Elk Rapids. Soon production surpassed other major crops. The first cherry processing facility, Traverse City Canning Company, was built just south of Traverse City, and the ruby-red fruit was soon shipped to Chicago, Detroit and Milwaukee.
The Montmorency is the primary variety of tart cherry. It was planted in the early orchards and is still used today. The fruit is excellent for pies, preserves and juice. The newest American variety of tart cherry is the Balaton. Dr. Amy Iezzoni developed this cherry variety at Michigan State University. It currently has limited production, but has great potential for the fresh market and for juice.
In the Northwestern part of the United States, cherry orchards also flourished. In 1847, Henderson Lewelling planted an orchard in western Oregon, using nursery stock that he had transported by ox cart from Iowa. Lewelling Farms became known for its sweet cherries with orchards coming into production during the 1870s and 1880s.
Next > more cherry history


The Generalife, one of many globe's most famed gardens, located Within the Alhambra, residences several of the very best fountain get the job done on the earth. The Alhambra is situated around the outskirts on the Spanish metropolis of Granada. The Moors created Alhambra as an easy fort, from the ninth century, overlooking the town plus the mountains. When the Alhambra started as an alcazaba (fortress), it was expanded into an alcazar (palace) after which was, bit by bit, made into a medina (tiny city). Finally, in the 14th century, the Generalife, with its amazing fountain do the job, was designed next to the Alhambra.
The Generalife is well the most charming Element of the Alhambra. The leading courtyard is named Patio de la Acequia which means Courtyard with the H2o Channel. It's in the Generalife's fountain method that the Alhambra receives water. It is perhaps this part that brought about the development of one other fountains and h2o locations while in the Generalife.
One fountain from the Generalife's gardens that in no way fails to shock is definitely the escalera del agua, or "h2o staircase”. Drinking water flows about an intricately carved staircase and banister, which allow the customer to really wander on h2o. The escalera del agua is fashioned by a few landings divided by teams of stairs. Sooner or later in heritage, there was as soon as a little oratoria at one particular stop of the fountain. This fountain was made since the Moors needed water flowing in all places due to their desert heritage. The great thing about this fountain is simply astounding.
By far the most notable element in the Alhambra as well as Generalife would be the Court docket of the Lions or Patio de los Leones. The patio features a fountain with twelve lions. It had get more info been a present from a Jewish leader to celebrate the good relations involving himself and the sultan. The twelve lions represent the twelve tribes associated with Israel. The fountain originally functioned as being a clock with a special lion spurting water because the hour altered. There's a poem carved at a single corner on the fountain that gives compliments for the sultan and Instructions on how the fountain operates. Even so, following a Christian invasion, the fountain's clock aspect hardly ever thoroughly operated yet again. It even now continues to be the most effective water capabilities within the premises.
The perfection of this space was not properly regarded through history. The truth is, it was not right until 1870 which the Alhambra was deemed a nationwide monument. Now, although, the Alahambra is fairly perfectly regarded. The fountains of your Generalife develop a lot more gorgeous with Every single passing 12 months. They can be regarded Among the most intricate and amazing constructions in architectural history. The Generalife's amazing mixture of lush foliage and flowing drinking water are wholly unforgettable.


INTERSTATE AUSTRALIAN FOOTBALL BOYS 15s
2024 CHAMPIONSHIP information
Sat 27 July – Sat 3 August
15 yrs or under on 31st December in the year of the competition
Please read all information prior to nominating for trials below
SSWA and School Sport Australia (SSA) wishes to advise that the age group of the SSA Australian Football Boys and Girls Championships for the older age group will revert back to 15 Years & Under for the 2021 SSA Championships and onwards.
The decision has been made after consultation with the Australian Football League (AFL) and School Sport Australia’s member bodies.
The National Schoolboy Championships were inaugurated in Melbourne in 1923. Western Australia entered for the first time in 1925. Western Australia did not participate from 1998 to 2000. There have been two breaks in the competition continuity with an outbreak of infantile paralysis in 1937 and the Second World War the reasons. The carnival has continued unbroken since 1947.
A full history of the Championships can be found on the School Sport Austalia website at http://www.schoolsportaustralia.edu.au/australian-football/
WA teams’ results and history can be found on this page along with current selection policy.
Nominations open early January in the year of the competition.
click the button/s below to nominate


We've been learning about the history of Dubai...
Today's post comes from Jonah. He has been studying Dubai's culture and history as part of history and geography.
Hi Jonah here,
Here are some of the facts I wrote in my fact file.
1. Dubai was a British port and territory.
2. The Maktoum family rules Dubai and has done so for hundreds of years.
3. The discovery of oil meant that the huge city we see today could be built.
4. The current Sheiks (that's similar to a king) of Dubai and Abu Dhabi were the instigators of creating the UAE (united arab emirates).
5. Dubai hosts many international sport events. Tennis and horse racing most notably.
6. Pearl diving was one of Dubai's original large trades.
7. Dubai has the tallest building in the world.
8. Dubai is famous for its trading and souks (like big open markets where you can find just about anything) but more specifically gold, spices and textiles.
9. Camel racing is a popular past time in Dubai.
10. Dubai has an indoor ski slope with penguins.
I hope you've learned a few interesting things about Dubai. Here are some pictures we have to share.
- Jonah from Lightning Class


The Tippmann SL Series pump guns were used by field owners for ages. There was the first generation series sold in the late 80's and early 90's. The 2nd version came out in the early 90's and was finally discontinued in the early new millenia. Tippmann brought back the beast of pump gun in 2009 with some new revisions. Well have no fear, we have parts for all of them.


We run our cattle at three different farms, here at home, and two rental farms. The cows themselves aren’t much of an issue really. It’s a bit of a pain to truck them from farm to farm as the forage dictates, but it’s fairly straightforward, and we only have to do it every couple of
Our farm has been farmed continuously (except during the war) since the 1730s, when William Pannill built Green Level. Our farm was divided off of the original Pannill property years ago (Green Level is still a residence), and other than an old roadbed, there are few remnants of the 18th century activities. We sold off
Bull selection is a huge topic, and there’s a few thousand years of history, science, and folklore behind the topic that I won’t bother getting into right now. Scott had found an old-school meat wagon, and I liked the way the bull looked on paper, and that’s about as good as it gets for us.


The police in India are as old as the nation herself. Ancient India saw police as an instrument under the kings. They were ministers or important individuals who were vested with police functions. The Moghul period some kind of organized patterns set into the police system. However there were glaring differences between systems of policing from one state to another which was noticed by the British. Realizing the need for a unified policing system in India, the British by a process of experimentation evolved the existing pattern of Police that was embodied in the Indian Police Act, Act-V of 1861. Modeled on the pattern of the army, the police personnel are to be utilized mainly for quelling disturbances by the civil population. This system has been the basis for the formation and functioning of all police systems in India that are constantly waging a war against internal enemies.
The T.S. Police came into existence along with the formation of Telangana State. Some parts of the present Telangana state was ruled by the Asaf Jah dynasty. The organization of the police during this period was called the Kaveli System or the Hindoo Police. In each village, town, city and district were stationed officers of police with gradations of rank and numbers of retainers commensurate with their ranges, from that of the humblest Kavilgar to the most powerful Poligar. The Kavilgars were entrusted the internal security and tranquility of the state. They were armed and paid by means of contributions from every inhabitant in addition to an assessment amount. The Poligars were expected to join the king?s army in times of external danger. They were entrusted with the safety of public property and were armed with the means and paid for the purpose of protecting it. They were held responsible and questioned for all thefts, robberies, depredation, detection and apprehension of public offenders. When the British came in the 19th century they introduced a system of policing that initiated a process of transition from military diplomacy to a modernized system.


Do Instigators Tell The Truth
In the book of Esther, Mordecai knew first hand what it was to have Haman, the instigator, call him a troublemaker.
Haman was an extremely arrogant leader under King Xerxes. He was consumed with hatred for Mordecai and his people, the Jews. Esther 3:5-6 – When Haman saw that Mordecai would not kneel down or pay him honor, he was enraged. Yet having learned who Mordecai’s people were he scorned the idea of killing only Mordecai. Instead Haman looked for a way to destroy all Mordecai’s people, the Jews, throughout the whole kingdom of Xerxes.


Ever since the early days of motorcycles, individuals have been altering the appearance of their machines. The first bikes specifically labeled “Custom” started appearing in the late 1950s.
Since that time styles have changed dramatically, but they all have that same individuality and pioneering spirit. Here’s a look back at some high points of the last 50 years.
One of the most prevalent custom trends of this era was the British based café racers. These stripped down machines were built to pass the 100 mph mark and featured clip-on bars, elongated gas tanks with knee pockets, swept back pipes, and big carburetors.
Café racers were gorgeous and to the point—comfort and luxury weren’t in their DNA. They are still very popular today.
"Digger" custom motorcycles, a style pioneered and made famous by my grandpa Arlen Ness appear. These long, low, drag-style bikes were full custom machines mostly housing Sportster engines. Engraving, springer front ends and gold plating were damn near standard on these customs.
Diggers leave the door wide open to creativity and they are a part of the Ness DNA. To this day, these bikes are some of my favorites and are making a huge comeback, especially with the growing popularity of shows such as “Born Free.”
Harley Davidson introduces the FXR, the best handling frame they’ve ever been produced. They feature dual rear shocks and frame design built purely to take on the fast Japanese bikes gaining market share in the U.S.
The Arlen Ness original fairing was originally designed to work with FXR customs and is very difficult to keep in stock. These days FXRs are built for performance and are well known as “club style”, but I refer to them as performance style bikes.
Billet aluminum accessories (the majority of the Arlen Ness product line) started to hit the market.
My dad, Cory Ness, developed the first ever billet grips in the industry and many other aluminum based products. This was a major change away from steel accessories. Billet still reigns supreme in the custom world.
These were great years. I was in high school and just started building motorcycles at the age of 15. The major TV series “Biker Build-Off” was doing very well and started a massive chopper craze.
Wide tire full custom motorcycles dominated the scene. Rear tires ranged from 200mm to 330mm and stayed popular until the economic crash.
This is the time of custom baggers. From big front wheels to the custom style reminiscent of the 2000’s chopper, these bikes go from rideable customs to full show baggers.
I see them staying for a long time—maybe not the large front wheels—but we’ll definitely be seeing lots more from the baggers’ category.
I think performance-based customs is what we’ll be seeing in the future. Whether it’s a full custom motorcycle, bagger, or modified OEM bike, I believe they’ll be the standard.
Technology and the spread of information are so prevalent today that there isn’t an excuse to not provide a premium quality product. We buy and build these things to ride. Style will always be important, but the function will be the core.


Guest features explore engineering-related themes, other features appear at the bottom. It moved cara alami hilangkan papiloma central London in the s.
The First World War impacted on the School in several ways: inevitably student numbers plummeted, and the usual School courses were suspended into be replaced by short lecture courses in Cara alami hilangkan papiloma Medicine for Army Medical Corps officers, which were well attended.
Some staff joined up, but as experts, they were also required by the War Office cara alami hilangkan papiloma investigate the scourge of tropical diseases that were decimating troops abroad.
Terlebih bahwa jadi selebritis top dunia. Pemasukan yang melimpah pastinya bukan halangan dalam penuhi bermacam kebutuhan hidupnya.
As the War progressed it was necessary to send soldiers to countries where tropical diseases were virulent. Robert Leiper established the Department of Helminthology in With so many male staff away, girls and women were recruited to some traditionally male roles, including the use of lab girls.
He made a significant contribution to the First World War through his research and treatment of soldiers suffering from tropical diseases, primarily malaria and dysentery. In July Ross was appointed Consulting Physician on Tropical Diseases and was sent to Alexandria for four months to research cara alami hilangkan papiloma among the troops.
In his report at the end of his service, he states that on visiting seven large hospitals in Alexandria, nearly all medical cases belonged to five groups of diseases usually prevalent in British troops in warm countries: typhoid, jaundice, malaria, dysentery and mixed cases.
Cara alami hilangkan papiloma Of these, dysentery an infection of the intestines that causes diarrhoea containing blood and mucus was the principal cause of sickness in the Mediterranean Expeditionary Forces.
Figures from a report show that from 29th August to 9th October there were 32, cases of diarrhoea and dysentery with deaths. He found that many of the cases were amoebic dysentery which meant prolonged illness and cases of liver abscesses. Ross instructed that all patients showing cara alami hilangkan papiloma symptoms at the front be given emetine and this resulted in patients reaching Alexandria in a less critical condition.
- Virus papiloma humano alimentacion
- Robert Leiper in uniform
- Kondiloma Akuminata adalah salah satu penyakit menular seksual yang paling umum PMS.
- Obat Herbal Manjur Ampuh Alami Sabtu, 15 Juni cara mengobati kutil kelamin dengan bawang putih cara mengobati kutil kelamin dengan bawang putih - Penggunannya bisa dilakukan dengan merendam beberapa siung bawang putih semalam penuh, kemudian air sisa rendaman bawang digunakan pada daerah yang terkena kutil kelamin.
- Kenapa Itu?
Псевдо-Ричард объяснял псевдо-Николь, почему именно ему, а не ей следует сопровождать Арчи в Новый Эдем.
- Virus oxiuros
He also worked with his cara alami hilangkan papiloma, David Thomson, on the survival capacities of intestinal amoebae in sun exposed sand.
The casualties from tropical diseases outnumbered those inflicted by the enemy by 30 to 1, and in these places it was a war of germs rather than of guns. Ross spent much of the war treating servicemen suffering from malaria and also continuing his research into the prevention of the disease both at home and overseas.


Our Founder, Benjamin R. Harvey, Sr. began the firm’s legacy in 1943 providing – by himself – expert carpentry, masonry and concrete work for private shore-area clients. Our company maintains, to this day, his principles of fairness, competency, respect and trust. During the 1960’s Ben Sr. expanded the scope of company services to include more complex projects such as hospitals, colleges, universities and religious institutions that spread across a wider area of the Shore.
In 1963, the company was incorporated in the name by which it is known today. Ben Sr.’s two sons, Ben and George, joined the firm in the ’60s. This was an era of expansion, not only in the area served but also in the company’s reputation. Its ability to facilitate the construction of large commercial structures became well known. During the 1970’s the company’s service area widened to include the entire State of New Jersey and beyond – reaching as far as the People’s Republic of China where the company was consulted on the construction of pre-engineered buildings.
In 2000, Ben III became president of the company and continues its traditions of expertise and reliability. The company earned a reputation as a friend to the community, starting with a renovation project for the Monmouth Council of Girl Scouts and continuing with large improvement projects at Brookdale Community College. In every way, the focus, energy and integrity our founder “built” into the company assures you of the highest quality services available anywhere.
A HISTORY BUILT ON TRUST . CELEBRATING 70 YEARS OF EXCELLENT BUILDING


Aston Martin Le Mans Luggage Set
Taking inspiration from our heritage, this handmade-to-order luggage set was designed to commemorate and celebrate Aston Martin’s historic victory at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1959 in the iconic DBR1. Expertly crafted from high quality Parliament Green leather with Sahara Tan leather straps, handles and detailing and with matching Parliament Green stitching. The set consists of a large holdall, small holdall, garment bag and vanity case.
Lead Time: 8-12 weeks