The LIEU project was developed in two phases:
1) Preparation activities with Fregona and Court Saint Étienne citizens and primary school students
2) Meeting in Fregona with Court Saint Étienne delegation
In the first phase the twin towns commissions have opened the social profiles on Instagram and Facebook where we published pics and documents regarding the immigration to Belgium and the goals of the twinning such as rural landscape, towns life, witness etc. following the selected theme: “Landscapes of Integration”.
At the same time were organized activities with the schools; the Fregona primary school met Miss Lucia De Faveri, President of “Trevisani nel mondo”, the local section of association that aggregate the Treviso province immigrants in the world.
Miss De Faveri was born in Court Saint Étienne (from now called CSE) and she lived her youthfulness in Belgium with the difficulties of Italian immigrants second generation; she told her experience and the parent’s life, proposing to the scholarship to collect photos and witness of Fregona peoples that born or lived in CSE for showing them during the celebration meeting with the Court delegation.
Finally, on 7th April in the Fregona’s Cultural Center was organized the LIEU presentation with the population to explain the project, its goals and the organizations of three meeting days.
In these activities – also made by CSE scholarship and population – were involved circa 370 people; the Belgium delegation consisted of 45 people.
The activities carried out during the visit were the following:
Friday 22nd April: walk with Belgium children in the Fregona villages and countryside were they discovered the rural landscapes and activities (sheep farming, vineyards and olive grove). Following the welcome lunch with local Authorities and the presentation of the twinning program. In the afternoon some member of Fregona commission accompanied the child to the Mr. Michele Peruch Atelier in Vittorio Veneto, a street artist used to work with youngest.
Saturday 23rd April: tour in San Daniele del Friuli, a famous town in Friuli Venezia Giulia known for the processing of raw ham and its historical castles. The Italian-Belgian group visited an ham warehouse where the workers explained the history and the process of this typical product. After a taste of San Daniele local products, the people visited the Middle Age castle in Arcano Superiore and finally viewed the Gorgazzo source where the water from Cansiglio forest (partly in the territory of Fregona) come out and made the Livenza river.
When people returned in Fregona, the Belgian children met the Fregona students for moments of presentation, gaming and dinner.
Sunday 24th April: official twinning ceremony at the Fregona Cultural Centre with presentation of the thematic work on emigration made by Italian students, the work made by the 'La Chaloupe' children's group from Belgium and the projection of video-testimonies of emigrants.
Speeches by the authority and speeches related to the importance of the fundamental role of the process of the birth of the European Union (from its origins and the constitution of the ECSC to the current institutional set-up) and the consequent benefits brought by socio-economic integration on the continent; to the preservation of historical memory; to the importance of dialogue between peoples and understanding between citizens of different nationalities; to the enhancement of the path of reception and integration in foreign territories by taking the example of CSE with regard to Fregonese emigrants; to immigration seen as a modern-day opportunity in the context of the local development policy of rural territories facing socio-economic abandonment and an ageing population.


Labor Day, the holiday marking the unofficial end of summer and for celebrating the US labor force, is almost here. You may think of Labor Day as just a free day off before work and school are back in full swing. But there is a fair amount of history around this uniquely American observance that you may not know. Here are some little known facts about Labor Day.
Oregon was the first state to declare Labor Day a holiday – Beavers may have a reputation for their work ethic, but the Beaver State was the first to pass a law declaring Labor Day a state holiday on Feb. 21, 1887. Unfortunately, they established the holiday for the first Saturday in June. When other states like Colorado, Massachusetts, and New York also made Labor Day an official holiday they decided to observe it on a weekday. Luckily for Oregonians, their state soon followed suit.
Not wearing white after Labor Day was for the wealthy – You knew there had to be a reason for this. In the late 1800s/early 1900s, it became the social norm for the wealthy to wear their white clothes during the summer months, reinforcing their status in society. As Labor Day arrived marking the end of summer, the affluent packed up their white, lightweight clothing for heavier attire that could handle the fall’s cooler weather. Fortunately, trail-blazing fashion designers bucked the trend in the 1920s, making it safe once again for white in the wardrobe throughout the year.
Labor Day – not the autumnal equinox – marks the official end of hot dog season – Believe it or not, Americans consume more than 7 billion hot dogs between Memorial Day and Labor Day. That equates to 818 hot dogs consumed every second during that period, according to the National Hot Dog and Sausage Council. No other time period sees this much hot dog consumption.
The first Waffle House restaurant opened on Labor Day – On Labor Day 1955, Joe Rogers and Tom Forkner opened the first Waffle House restaurant in Avondale Estates, a suburb of Atlanta. Opening on a holiday proved to be a winning strategy for the duo. Today, over 50 years later, the company serves up breakfast in more than 2,000 franchise locations across 25 states.
This Labor Day, as you enjoy the day off consuming the last hot dog of the season, share these fun facts with your friends and family. Just don’t attempt to eat 818 hot dogs in one day – it may help the hot dog industry, but it will not serve you well.
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When gambling became a profession, the people involved had to have strong imaginations and a dramatic flair. slotxo They had to look at an event that was about to transpire and imagine how it would unfold. To succeed as a showman in this profession, there had to be a great deal of theatrical skill on the player or players. Gambling as a profession required both daring and being imaginative.
The first type of person that, when gambling, became a profession was the gambler. There were times when gambling was considered a very respectable profession and could earn a considerable sum of money. These were the days before automobiles were mass-produced. People traveled farther away to take in the famous races held in the larger cities—some excellent showmen making a living from a traveling circus.
The next type of person that became a showman when gambling became a profession was the magician. Many good magicians were quite famous in England. Is shows were some of the biggest gatherings of people at that time.
The next profession that had a significant impact on the way people thought about gambling when it became a profession was the bookmaker. People who betted on horses during the harness races were considered to be, well, a bit odd. However, they were highly profitable when people started to place bets on the races for real money. The reason was that bookmakers had to rely on their estimates for the probability of different things happening. If they had an accurate prediction, it would give them more money.
The final profession when gambling became a profession was the gambling trainer. These guys worked to instruct people on how to gamble, and when it became a profession, they trained other people to do the same. They would go around teaching gambling techniques to people like you and me. Gambling trainers were essential to the growth of the entire gambling business. Without these guys, there would not be many casinos around.
Now, let’s get back to our starting point. We are trying to find why gambling became such a profitable profession when it was only a hobby or a pastime for some? It’s simple. People began to think that it was something that could become a severe form of income.
A couple of centuries ago, people in other countries didn’t think that gambling was even possible. That was a long time ago, though. Now, people from all over the world gamble. That has made it into the news. The World Cup is one of the most significant gambling events of the year. People from all over the world watch it and bet on who will win it.
If you have been looking for professions that you can do online, then you have found them. When gambling first became a profession, there were no online gambling institutions. These institutions started to pop up as the word got out. Now, everyone can play online.
Before this, the only way to do it was through horse racing, cockfighting, and billiards. Those were the old days, and it was hard to get jobs doing it. It wasn’t easy to do it back then because it was considered a “street” career. Gambling is now considered a profession.
Many people who started it as a hobby ended up going into it full time. There are now entire industries built on helping people with their gambling needs. There are also websites where players come together. This is another profession that has flourished because people now realize that they can make money by gambling online.
It is best to keep yourself updated on all the latest information. You can start by going to some of the main sites. Make sure that you understand all that they have to tell you. Soon enough, you’ll be earning the big dollars that you’ve always wanted, and it won’t feel like such a job.


Flying Tigers. They were the terror of the sky. Two years
before Pearl Harbor, a small daring band of American mercenaries soared
into battle against the Japanese in defense of China's freedom. Aces,
adventurers and heroes - they were America's hottest fighter pilots.
John Wayne is Jim Gordon, the Tigers' commander and he's the top gun of
China's skies. He faces a bigger battle on the ground when his good
friend Woody Jason becomes the squadron's most hated enemy. Suspected
of recklessly causing the death of a fellow pilot, and accused of stealing
Jim's fiancee, Woody must fight for the respect of the Tigers and win back
Jim's Friendship. It's an explosive battle of courage and heroism
that lights up the sky with action.


(Click on a name on the left to see their info. On the right,
there is paragraph style biographical info under the "personal" tab, and a pedigree-style family tree under "pedigree".)
With this site, I'd like to connect as many Ridens together as possible, merging our family tree info and building a definitive record of our family history.
I got some family tree info from Ancestry.com in .ged format. I downloaded everything as far back as they had for each of my grandparents. They don't include any information about people that are still living.. so I've added some of what I know (including info about my wife's family, the Underhills and Donegans) and used GEDitCOM software to export this web interface.
I still have info I haven't added to this yet, and will do more as I have time. If you have any info that is not here, please email it to me at email@example.com.
- Chad Riden
GEDCOM File: riden_large.ged
Created by GEDitCOM.
Exported using 'Pedigree Website' style.
Date: 13 Dec 2003


A Quick History of the Radio
The discover of radio waves may have impacted civilization more than any other. With this discovery, people could communicate almost instantly with people all around the world. Who knows? Perhaps someday we will even find out that we have been communicating with aliens from other worlds, but nobody has actual proof that they have received our old radio shows or broadcasts because nobody can prove they have sent any back. Maybe we’re just not listening the right way.
Radio in the 1800’s
James Maxwell announced the theory of elctro-magnetic waves in 1873. Even before that, Samuel Morse devised a scheme called Morse Code. At first, it was only used with telegraphs, but it later became used with radio communications. It took until 1898 for wireless telegraphy – or radio – to get used for the first time in naval maneuvers. The year of 1899 saw the first radio signal between Britain and France.
Radio in the 1900’s
Well, just about everything happened in the 20th century to advance the use of radio for communication. For example, the first radio signal was sent across the Atlantic in 1901. By 1920, crystal sets became popular.
Radio was used in both world wars, but advances in radio communication after WWII made space exploration possible because that is how astronauts communicated with earth and each other. During the 30’s and 40’s, radios became common appliances in homes. After WWII, radio exploded into the medium we know today. Of course, TVs also became popular, but they never replaced radios entirely.
Did you know that the wireless signal from your router is actually a radio signal? Additionally, typical TV sets may be slowly getting phased out by the Internet, but that doesn’t replace radio. It actually makes radio signals more important. The big difference may be satellite radio broadcasts from companies like Sirius. However, since consumers have to pay to receive XM radio, AM and FM are still quite popular.


Stay in the vineyards with a guided tour of the historical cellars
Take advantage of the opportunity to visit the historical cellars of the Village of Fontanafredda, considered among the 100 most beautiful in the world, where the great wines of the Langa, first and foremost Barolo, are now aged. Complete your visit with a tasting of three wines, including a Barolo.
Room at Foresteria delle Vigne and guided tour of the cellars 209 €
Room at Hotel Vigna Magica and guided tour of the cellars 239 €
Junior Suite at Hotel Vigna Magica and guided tour of the cellars 354 €
The Village of Fontanafredda is home to the first Scattered Hotel in the Langhe, “Le Case dei Conti Mirafiore”, which now comprises the elegant 4-star Hotel Vigna Magica and the refined boutique hotel Foresteria delle Vigne. Experience the excitement of spending a night in the heart of the Langhe!


Gun shooting sports have evolved from its very first version when Greeks held contests using the bow and arrow to shoot clay pigeons above tall poles in order to honor their gods. Persians, Indians, Celts, Slavs and Germans held the same competitions. When the tenth century arrived shooting endeavours transformed into social and recreational sports.
The Evolution of Shooting Sports
Originating from ancient times of bronze weapons and string-tension projectiles, the worldwide use of gunpowder during the industrial age have paved the way for the 10th century musket. Tracing back to the roots of recreational shooting, its progenitor known as William Tell was instructed by a tyrannical Austrian bailiff to use a crossbow and shoot an apple on top of his son’s head. William Tell became a Swiss hero after successfully shooting the apple.
From the 13th and 14th century wheel lock muskets, rifled-barrels were prevalent in most shooting competitions held in the 16th century. Rifles were then innovated to build upon the accuracy of smooth bore muskets. Benjamin Robbins, an English 18th century mathematician realized that an elongated bullet retained the kinetic energy and momentum of a musket ball while able to easily slice through the air. Early club shooting matches were held for shooters to aim at elaborately painted targets during New Year’s eve and many religious holidays.
The invention of semi-automatic rifles during the Second World War gave civilian shooters a new generation of accurate and reliable shooting platforms. One notable rifle is the M1 Garand that is a favorite between military units and future civilian competitors for its durability and precision. It is one of the primary weapons chosen to be fielded by the United States’ Civilian Marksmanship program which was launched to prepare a number of interested individuals in handling military grade weaponry.
Swiss and German makers in the American state of Pennsylvania invented flintlock rifles during the 18th century and were available for American frontiersmen in 1710. The first shooting competitions were called “turkey shoots” and “rifle frolics” where people shot at knots and tree spots marked with an “x” as their targets. The prizes for these competitions were turkey, beef, goods, and other items of significant value. The first World Shooting Championships were initiated in 1897 in Lyon, France. In 1978, the US Olympic Committee assigned the NRA to govern all olympic style shooting in the United States.
Different Precision Shooting Sports Using Rifles
Competitive shooting is still held in multiple countries every year. The fascination of civilians and locals with the proper field application and use of historic and modern rifle systems gave way to different shooting competitions. These events encouraged athletes and civilians to train independently and be proficient with the firing of various rifle systems.
- Bullseye Shooting with Rifles
Bullseye shooting is prevalent in the United States as is known as four position small bore competition. The event is known to utilize air rifles which rely on an integrated air canister for projectile propulsion. Bullseye shooting consists of two Olympic shooting events known as the 10 meter and 50 meter air rifle positions where competitors are challenged to shoot in long ranges of 10, 50, and 300 meters.
- Field Shooting
Field shooting encompasses all the competitive rifle shooting held in large areas of land. These events use ammunition ranging from the .22 LR cartridge at 100 meters, intermediate grade such as 6.5x55mm, .30-06 Springfield, .308 Winchester at distances of 100 to 650 meters. Precision rifle competitions are also held with the use of intermediate rifle cartridges with distances of 10 to 1000 meters. Targets which are located beyond the 300 meter mark can be classified as the long range shooting discipline.
- Rapid Fire Rifle Match
The Rapid Fire Rifle match still uses intermediate rifle cartridges and precise rifle platforms. The Rapid Fire Rifle Match is a sped up iteration of the ISSF 300 meter Standard Rifle Competition. The event utilizes variable rapid-fire rifle systems to shoot at targets installed at 155 meters and targets with a maximum distance of 221 meters.
The modern competitive shooting with different weapon systems, ammunition types, and rifle cartridges can be traced back into ancient times when the Greeks held competitions for people to shoot at clay targets above tall poles. The evolution of rifles from the first versions of the musket enabled people to shoot at targets at various distances. Competitive shooting is now hosted by different countries worldwide to present citizens the opportunity to hone their marksmanship skills and overall preparedness in handling firearms.


Unity Eastside began its life as “Unity Church in Christ” on Christmas Eve in 1994. A small group of dedicated individuals had prevailed upon the governing body of Unity churches to allow a second Unity church to be pioneered in Tallahassee. Founding minister, Rev. Nancy Worth, held church services in Robert Butler Hall, a Masonic Temple, until space was rented in Cross Creek—a strip mall located on Apalachee Parkway. At the Parkway location, Unity Church in Christ flourished. In 1998, Rev. Nancy’s husband, Bill, was ordained and became Nancy’s co-minister. With the growth in membership, programs and vision, it became apparent that a permanent spiritual home was needed. In 1999, the search began, and it ended in 2000 with the purchase of our spiritual home on Buck Lake Road.
In April of 2002, we bid farewell to the Revs. Worth. By February 2003, we were celebrating the installation of Rev. Jean De Barbieris Owen as our new minister. Since that time, under the leadership of Rev. Jean, Unity Church in Christ became “Unity Eastside”, several community fundraising and charitable events have been hosted on the church grounds, a new sanctuary was built and many congregants have made positive changes to their lives, and therefore have helped our community.


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Located in the West End of London, it maps out two significant different identities. You can witness the touch of West completely passion at the opulent Portland Place Area and the well-known Harley Road. Similarly, if you wish to obtain a taste of the east at its top, then check out the artists, carvers and independent organizations flourishing in the heart of London.
Just like various other legendary roads have a historical history to each one of them, Great Portland Street was called after the wedding of estate proprietor Margaret Cavendish Harley with the second Duke of Portland. This street was previously called ‘Motor Row’ considering that it was the major center for car display rooms & related accessories back in the 20th century.


Major Francis Jones
CVO, TD, DI, FSA, MS, KStJ,
Late Wales Herald Extraordinary
What they said: The Duke of Norfolk and Sir Anthony Wagner
The Author’s Career
BORN July 1908 at Trevine in Pembrokeshire FJ was educated at Fishguard County School, eventually becoming a schoolmaster.
He was a pioneer Archivist at Haverfordwest Records Office in 1931. Commissioned into 4th Welch he was transferred to Pembroke Yeomanry. He was Archivist in the National Library of Wales.
Entering active Service 1939 he took part in the North African landings and the Battle of Beja (where he was mentioned in Despatches) when Rommel’s last Panzer attack was repulsed. Fought in Sicilian Campaign and landing. Then landing at Salerno, he fought in Italian Campaign up to the Monte Cassino battle as 2nd in Command of regiment. Posted as GSO to War Cabinet Offices Historical Section, he wrote the Official War Record of the Sicilian and Italian Campaigns. became Battery Commander in Surrey Yeomanry, QMR. Created Wales Herald in 1963, a post previously held in the 15th century.
On Earl Marshal’s staff he officiated at the State Funeral of Sir Winston Churchill; a member of Prince of Wales Investiture ’66-’67, he officiated at Caernarfon, and numerous State occasions for thirty years, State Openings of Parliament, Knights of the Garter Ceremonies, etc.
His first articles were published in Pembrokeshire in the late 1920’s. He wrote over a thousand articles, essays, lectures and books and also appeared on BBC radio and in TV programmes.
His writings appeared in such diverse publications as


Welcome to the
The Dewline Squadron is a unit of the Commemorative Air Force which is based in Midland, TX. The Commemorative Air Force is a non profit organization that obtains, restores, maintains and displays military aircraft from all periods.
Next Meeting: February 19, 2015
Ruby Tequila's Mexican Kitchen
3616 S. Souncy
Time: 7:00 PM
Program:Lois Nix - Genealogist
"A Veteran of the War of Northern Aggression"
Next Staff Meeting: March 5, 2015
Location: Tradewind Airport Conference Room
Time: Thursday 5:30PM


It was the spring of 1962 which witnessed the birth of an institution which was later to develop into an educational giant. The infant institution initially started in a few rented rooms of the Gaddafi Stadium then known as the National Stadium, Lahore. Later on, the institution was shifted to Model Town, Lahore, when the co-operative Model Town Society Limited, in extending its gracious cooperation, gifted about 186 kanals of land for the construction of the school buildings.
The first to be constructed among the school building was the present Boys’ Junior Wing building which was completed in 1965.
In 1966 the school was raised to the level of a high School. The first batch of the talented scholars of this school took their matriculation examination in 1968. The same year yet another landmark was witnessed in the history of Divisional Public School when the School Boarding House started functioning with a Strength of Six students in the staff Residential Quarters.
In 1969 the building of Boys’ Senior Wing, Model town was completed and the Senior School was shifted there. It also housed the Principal’s Office.
In 1976, Divisional Public School touched new heights and became an intermediate college. Subsequently, the junior Model School Building was obtained from the Education Department and a Nursery & K.G Wing shifted there for the toddlers.
In 1981, however, the Hostel was shifted to its present location, a spacious and grand building close by the School main Gate, which now hosts about 150 students every year and facilities for them a living a worthy of Publican scholar. Now, we can proudly say that DPS Hostel, Iqbal House, is a flourishing Boarding House housing students from Class 1to 2nd year. The same year the Girls’ Wing was started in the present Boys’ Junior School Building and girls for Class VI were admitted. In 1983-84 a new building for the Girls’ Wing was built and it housed the girls Class I to Class VIII with all facilities. Later on, the Girls’ Wing, Too, was upgraded to the status of a Girls’ College. In 1987, the first batch of student, comprising 54 Girls took their matriculation examination as regular students and thanks a lot to Allah Almighty 96.3% of them secured 1st Division.
The academic results shown by our students in the Lahore Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Matriculation and in the Cambridge O-Levels Examination have always been a source of pride for Publican family and reflect upon the visionary guidance of our Board of Governors, the leadership of the Principal and the hard work put in by the teachers and the students. Historically speaking, DPS has always been in the top positions. However, in the years 2015 and 2016, historic landmarks were reached when all three top positions were secured by DPS students. In 2016, under the leadership of the present Principal Mrs. Shala Malik, our brilliant student Rana Umar Farman, Model Town Branch, secured the 1st Position overall with 1087 Marks. Muhammad Shayan Waheed, Model Town Branch, secured the 2nd overall with 1086 Marks. Syed Moman Ali, Model Town Branch, and Husnain Mustaq, Township Branch, secured the 3rd Positions overall with 1085 Marks. Furthermore, Rameesha Tahir, Township Branch, secured the 2nd Position among girls with 1082 Marks. This legendary performance speaks volumes about the quality of education at DPS. The future is just another landmark in our journey towards excellence.


I would also like to express my gratitude to the Cresson, PA American Legion, VFW, and Knights of Columbus for giving my grandmother, a World War II veteran, the dignified and honorable sendoff that she deserved. Seeing each of them salute her before the funeral was very moving, and the playing of "Taps" at the graveside service finished me off emotionally. There was also a 5 gun salute. It highlighted one of the many reasons that I was proud to be her granddaughter.
My grandparents' engagement photo.
My grandmother at 23.
My grandmother led an amazing life. She was an orphan, a tennis player, a model, and a member of the Women's Army Corps. She wasn't the hugs-and-kisses-and-making-cookies kind of grandma. She was a "Let me tell you about why I didn't like John Wayne (personally) and what it was like hanging out at Bing Crosby's mansion." kind of grandma. She felt it was important to help the less fortunate and did so in whatever way she could. She and my grandfather took people in as members of the family who didn't have anyone else. She was fearless, even in having her aortic valve replaced last year. She faced every major heartbreak you could think of in life and handled it with grace. What a legacy.


After devastating outbreaks of plague and influenza, the Indian city embraced light, air and a sleek new architectural style. By Ronojoy MazumdarOctober 29, 2020
Bombay Deco. To residents of India’s largest city, the phrase conjures the spirit of the 1930s, when independence — and architectural experimentation and innovation — was in the air. The megacity known today as Mumbai houses the largest collection of Art Deco buildings outside of Miami.
Art Deco flourished in Mumbai during that decade, just as the style was gaining international popularity. On South Mumbai’s Marine Drive, brightly colored apartment buildings with curved corners and exotic motifs marched along a curved promenade on the Arabian Sea. Architects riding this wave adapted the style to local conditions, adding balconies and cantilevers that project from the face of buildings and provide more shade in Mumbai’s tropical conditions. In 2018, the United Nations Educational, Social and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) placed the “Victorian and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai” on its World Heritage List, calling the city’s distinctive blend of Indian design and Art Deco imagery “Indo-Deco.” Locals simply call it Bombay Deco.
Other features of Bombay Deco include tiered-cakelike ziggurats, elongated forms and curved contours inspired by aerodynamic innovations in locomotive design, ornate grillwork, as well as symbolic decorations like porthole windows and sunburst rays that celebrate Mumbai’s status as a port city, according to the nonprofit Art Deco Mumbai, which advocates for the preservation of the city’s inventory of mid-century architecture, much of which fell into neglect in recent decades.
While Bombay Deco is associated with the last days of the British Empire, it also reflect a darker, earlier period — the ravages of the Bombay Plague of 1896, which halved the local population as residents died or fled their urban quarters for the openness of the countryside.
Until the start of the 1900s, Mumbai’s skyline was dominated by grand Victorian-era Gothic buildings along the city’s docklands, which fed and funded the British Crown and some Indian business houses through the trade of spices, cotton and opium. But most poorer residents lived in cramped chawls — tenement-style dormitories with shared toilets that became ideal breeding grounds when the bubonic plague arrived on ships, possibly from Hong Kong.
After the first wave of fear and desperation eased, the British authorities created the Bombay Improvement Trust, which embarked on a plan to improve streets, sewers, and housing to decongest the city and flush out the “bad air” in which disease was believed to flourish. The plan consisted of two broad elements: reclaim land from the sea to create suburbs in the north that would affordably house workers, and offer tracts of land closer to downtown where richer Indians could build themselves airy new apartments.
“When Marine Drive’s Art Deco was completed, prominent city architect Claude Batley wrote that the buildings looked like an ill fitting set of false teeth — because of the setbacks and gaps that allowed for the movement of sea air between them,” says Alisha Sadikot, founder of the Inheritage Project, which is dedicated to promoting engagement with Mumbai’s historic urban spaces. “Those are the visible remnants of the plague in neighborhoods built immediately after — where there is a sense of space and breeze even today.”“This was a completely modern style — it was forward-looking. I’ve described it as a form of resistance.”
Three elements coincided to encourage this style, says Mustansir Dalvi, a professor at the Sir J.J. College of Architecture in Mumbai. The invention of reinforced concrete allowed builders to affordably create multi-level buildings, with indoor toilets and ventilation as well as external ornamentation to make a statement to onlookers. There was also a lively dialog between indigenous architects and developers — and a desire within this newly influential community to turn their backs on the British Empire.
“Art deco represented a style that was not Imperial,” Dalvi says. “Up until then, the Imperial style was all revivalist, whether classical Greek, or Gothic or Edwardian baroque. This was a completely modern style — it was forward-looking. I’ve described it as a form of resistance.”
While the architects who chose Art Deco for Mumbai may have been inspired by their contemporaries in the West, locals who chose the style for their homes in the newly created suburbs were probably just copying designs because they knew the municipality would approve them, according to Nikhil Rao, associate professor of history at Wellesley College.
“The people putting up these structures in Dadar and Matunga were middle-class Indians who wanted a secure source of income,” Rao says. “They got a lease from the Bombay Improvement Trust, engaged architects with a two- or three-floor structure, took the top flat for their families and rented out the bottom floors. That is how the middle-class building stock happened.”
Typical apartment buildings were designed to ensure a high level of cross-ventilation, with open courtyards and green spaces between them — both adaptations to better protect against infectious disease. From these suburbs the style migrated to the neighborhoods of the Oval Maidan, a park in South Mumbai where new Art Deco buildings met structures built in the earlier Victorian era. The district now boasts one of densest assemblages of Art Deco anywhere in the world: a series of what were at the time modern apartments proudly standing in the shadow of the Gothic-style Rajabai Tower, an icon of Victorian India modeled on London’s Big Ben.
Bombay Deco still dominates several neighborhoods in the southern, older part of the city. Often, families occupy the same apartment over multiple generations. But the style went into decline with the achievement of independence from the British in 1947, which shifted attention to the nation’s political capital, New Delhi. There, building styles were dominated by architects who studied abroad under modernists like Le Corbusier or Louis Kahn, Dalvi says. Modernism flourished in India through the 1960s; in the 1970s came new building laws that favored dense developments and the skyscrapers that today dot the map of Mumbai, including a newly opened Trump Tower. Many 1930s apartments have been demolished and replaced by high-rise apartment buildings.
That building boom hasn’t eased the residential crowding issue. While small apartments in tall towers are the rule for Mumbai’s more affluent, many families still share single rooms and use public toilets in low-income areas like Dharavi, where about 1 million people are packed into one of the largest slums in the world. Despite those conditions, Dharavi has been so far able to keep coronavirus mortality low, an improbable public health success story. But Mumbai overall remains the epicenter of the coronavirus outbreak in India.
The city’s newer buildings, says Dalvi, lack the disease resilience of the Art Deco ones, which were built when the ravages of the plague and the Spanish Flu of 1918 were fresh in the memory, “These buildings were open, with adequate space between them, sometimes with gardens and shared trees,” he says. “Now, because of the pressures of real estate, we have buildings that are very tall with few open spaces between them that are leading to problems of hygiene and disease.”
The Inheritage Project’s Sadikot agrees. “The city forgot the lessons of the plague,” she says. “It’s only with the outbreak of the coronavirus that we have so much more interest in the plague and what happened after. I hope we will see some official interest in those conversations.”


Hariet's Baskets, Civil War Inspired Quilt, 65" x 83" PATROON
Harriet Beecher Stowe is most famous for her book "Uncle Tom's Cabin". After visiting a plantation in Kentucky she wrote of the harsh life of slaves and the escape of a youngh female slave. Harriet wrote several other novels in her lifetime, but none were as successful as "Uncle Tom's Cabin". In addition to being an author and teacher, Harriet married and had seven children.


The history behind the Seaplane Tender
The seaplane tender was a boat which was equipped to refuel,rearm, and repair seaplanes. They were stationed at any size-able body of protected water where sea planes could land and take off. They were also used to ferry crew and supplies for the seaplane. Often also used to tow the seaplane to a mooring or away from a mooring for take-off.
They were particularly useful in the 1st and 2nd World Wars, when bases for traditional reconnaissance aircraft were rare. The seaplane tender not only carried the seaplanes, but can also facilitated all their needs for their operation; these boats are regarded by some as the first aircraft carriers and they started to be spotted just before the start of the First World War.
Following the creation of the seaplane in 1910 the first seaplane tender was functional and in use around 1911 with the French Navy. Another early seaplane carrier was HMS Hermes, an old cruiser which was converted with a flying-off deck around 1913. However, it was the HMS Ark Royal that was the first ship that was designed and commissioned to be built as a seaplane carrier in 1914.
The British built HMS Ark Royal was a seaplane tender built with a flying-off deck specifically for the use of seaplanes, so that they could be recovered while the ship was out at sea. How it worked was a sheet towed behind the vessel, once the seaplane was on the mat it was stationary and it could then be hoisted aboard.
The success of the seaplane tender in the 1st World War made way for their use during the Second World War, with both the American and the Japanese Navies commissioning and building several seaplane tenders to support their aircraft carrier fleets. The tenders allowed the air craft to be rapidly deployed to new bases because their runways did not have to be constructed, and support facilities were mobile much like supply ships for submarines or destroyers.
In World War II Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine decided that they didn’t have any use for the seaplane tenders. However, the Luftwaffe had a fleet of them with around nineteen seaplane tenders in use.
By the end of the Second World War the Seaplane tenders became out dated. A few remained in service after the war until the 1950's and then they were scrapped or converted for other uses.
To this day, you will still see some fine examples of the seaplane tender. With their history, they are a very worthwhile project, and to get them back to their original glory would be bringing history back to life. Boatshed Suffolk currently has one of these very boats for sale. Built in 1942, with almost certainty that it would have been active in World War II, this seaplane tender would most probably have been used to ferry crew and supplies for the seaplane. Often also used to tow the seaplane to a mooring or away from a mooring for take-off. You will find this boat to be a worthwhile project with a lot of the original solid structure still in place.
If this article about the seaplane tender has sparked your interest and you would like to look at our Brooke Marine Seaplane Tender Project boat, then please feel free to get in touch with our friendly team at Boatshed Suffolk - http://suffolk.boatshed.com/brooke_marine_seaplane_tender-boat-231555.html


Ormskirk Drill Hall
The land on which the purpose-built drill hall was erected was donated to the Ormskirk companies of the 3rd Volunteer Battalion King’s Liverpool Regiment at the start of the 20th century by their long serving colonel, James Eastham Esq. The stones built into the front of the building, laid in 1899, testify to that fact.
The hall was used by the volunteer battalions and cadet battalions for drill practise as the length of the hall, extending to the rear down church fields, could accommodate the drilling patterns adequately but allowed the practise to be held indoors.
When the hall was not being used for military purposes, it was turned into a venue for tea dances, dance band concerts and theatrical performances. After the demolition of the working men’s institute in the early 1960s, the council speculated as to whether it would be financially possible to refurbish and refit the Drill Hall to create a Civic Centre rather than spend £160,000 on a purpose built modern civic building on the derelict Moor Street site of the late institute.
In the late 1960s the hall was bought by the council for £6000, after spending a further £31,500 on the hall, the newly refurbished Civic Centre opened its doors to the town’s people on Saturday 12th December 1970, it was formally opened by Council Chairman Andrew Gore, with various social functions planned for the hall.
Interestingly, the success of the new venue was quite possibly due to the initiative of the council members, who, in November 1968 had invited people from local groups and community organisations to meet at the drill hall to discuss possible future needs and requirements to which the planned refurbishment could be specifically tailored.
On completion of the work and after the opening ceremony, those same groups and organisations sent their representatives back to see the finished hall, and it was unanimously agreed that the work done had made use of this public consultation to achieve the best result possible.
During the 1970s and 80s the hall was the centre of the nightlife in the town and was very busy and events were very well attended. Many people will have memories of the discos, wrestling bouts, operatic shows, amateur dramatic presentations and a multitude of civic functions.
The building has been an asset to the town in so many ways for over 100 years, with some foresight there is potential for this building, given to the town so many years ago, to thrive again.
With your help we hope that The Civic will once again become a central part of Ormskirk’s community. If you’d like to help please visit our get involved page or email us at firstname.lastname@example.org.
The information and photographs on this page were kindly donated by Ormskirk Bygone Times. For more history of Ormskirk visit their website at ormskirkbygonetimes.co.uk or search for their facebook page facebook.com/ormskirkbygonetimes


From Merchant bank to Private Bank
The Arbuthnot Latham story is a colourful one. 188 years after our formation, we are one of few merchant banks whose name continues to deliver a secure, high-quality and personal service. Starting as merchants, the company soon branched out into finance and lending. Today, Arbuthnot Latham offer Private and Commercial banking as well as Wealth Planning and Investment Management services for our clients.
Arbuthnot & Latham opens for business
John Alves Arbuthnot and Alfred Latham opened their first premises in 33 Great St Helen’s on 13 May 1833. In 1858 John Alves Arbuthnot became Governor of the London Assurance and in 1861 Alfred Latham became Governor of the Bank of England.
Arbuthnot & Latham continues to thrive
Between 1833 and 1900, the company prospered as a merchant of produce from India, such as cotton, tea and jute. By the end of the century, the company’s financial services were proving to be more significant than its trading activities.
Founding members of the Accepting Houses Committee
The accepting houses (Arbuthnot Latham being one) were struggling in the economic uncertainty surrounding the first world war. Arbuthnot Latham became one of the founding members of the Accepting Houses Committee, a body set up to collectively press their banking interests with the government and Bank of England.
Arbuthnot Latham & Co. marks 100 years
The bank celebrates a century in business with a centenary dinner. Marking the 100 year Arbuthnot Jubilee. With guests in attendance ranging from long-standing clients, local business leaders and politicians.
Bank head office destroyed in The Blitz
Only a few staff were retained at Arbuthnot Latham’s St Helen’s Place office during The Blitz. The rest relocated to Hertfordshire. The City offices were hit by German bombs on the night of 16-17 April 1941 and eventually succumbed to fire ten days later.
Dow Scandia acquires the bank
Citing the difficulty of competing in an increasingly international marketplace, the Arbuthnot family link to the bank which had lasted for almost 150 years was broken. They sold the bank to Dow Scandia and Sir Henry Angest became CEO in 1982.
The Arbuthnot Latham brand is revived
Arbuthnot Latham changed hands a couple of times after Dow Bank sold it. Having successfully taken control of Secure Homes (latterly Secure Trust) - a separate bank - Sir Henry Angest set his sights once again on Arbuthnot Latham, initially securing Arbuthnot Fund Managers and crucially, the Arbuthnot Latham name.
Arbuthnot Latham acquires Wilson Street freehold
The freehold of Wilson Street is acquired as the intended new headquarters of Arbuthnot Banking Group. The building, which is split over six floors, is home to our front line and support teams. As well as a range of client meeting rooms and event spaces.
Arbuthnot Latham begins a journey of growth
Having celebrated its 180th Anniversary in 2013 and an office already open in Exeter, Arbuthnot Latham also opens regional offices in Manchester, and Bristol. The bank also forms a commercial banking arm and acquires Renaissance Asset Finance, as well as launching Arbuthnot Asset Based Lending Ltd.
Arbuthnot Latham celebrates its 190th anniversary
On the back of a robust trading position and future growth prospects, the private and commercial bank secures new long-term premises at 20 Finsbury Circus.


This B&B exceeded our expectations by an order of magnitude!
The rooms were outstanding (and cozy) and the hospitality was gracious."
Mike & Peggy, Montague, NJ
Welcome to our 1830 historic manor in the heart of the Shenandoah Valley!
Come visit our bed and breakfast and enjoy modern updates while cherishing
the unique history and the fine antiques the house has to offer.
Your stay includes:
Private bathroom in each room
Beautiful views of the Blue Ridge and Massanutten Mountains in every direction
Full gourmet breakfast served in our historic dining room
Down comforters & fine linens for your ultimate comfort
Pre-Civil War Museum on the premises


National Liaison Committee
The National Liaison Committee's genesis was at the Annual Spoon Convention in Atlanta in 1995. By acclamation of the attendees, the committee was formed so that annual conventions would be scheduled to facilitate: spoon buying, selling and trading; workshops, lectures and spoon exhibitions; and socializing and information-sharing among spoon collectors.
From this beginning each spoon club designated a representative to form the initial committee whose mission was to promote spooning and to coordinate the hosting of national conventions. In essence, the committee was to act as a liaison between the individual clubs.
The first official meeting was in San Diego in 1996. At this time several spoon collectors became members-at-large of the committee. Currently the committee comprises members from each of the five spoon clubs and 3 members-at-large selected by the committee.
At this first meeting, the committee began planning the schedule for the up-coming annual conventions. It was agreed upon to always plan at least two years in the future to schedule conventions.
In 1997 the committee announced its first national project. This became the Spoon Collectors' Reference and Research Library. The library benefits all spoon collectors. For a very modest sum the "librarian" will answer requests from regional spoon club members for reference material that already exists in books and articles on file. This material includes information about American and foreign spoons and specific spoon categories. The library is a depository for the body of knowledge about souvenir spoons as it evolves. A specific goal of the library is to preserve information developed by spoon collectors over time.
At the 2009 NLC Board Meeting, the Board changed the title of
Librarian to National Librarian and Historian since our library
keeps the history of spoon collecting alive for all spooners.
In 1999 the second national project became the establishment of a national website to promote spoon collecting and support the regional spoon clubs. This website you are now visiting is a result of that effort.
In 2004 a third national project was undertaken to establish a national spoon collectors' data base. The goal is to facilitate interaction among collectors by maintaining appropriate information with proper privacy and security safeguards.
During 2009 this data base was completely updated. Invitation
letters were then sent out to listed spoon collectors not belonging
to a club stating the benefits of joining a spoon club.
National Liaison Committee hosted the National Spoon Collectors
Convention, Jackpot of Spoons, in Las Vegas, Nevada at the Palace
Station Hotel and Casino, September 14-17, 2009.
Home | Spoon Clubs | Spoon Library | Conventions
Comments or questions to
Graphics used by permission of respective copyright owners.
2010 Spoon Collectors' National Liaison Committee.


A new collaboration between Charles Danby and Rob Smith exploring the site of Robert Smithson’s Chalk Mirror Displacement produced for When Attitudes Become Form, 1969 at the ICA London. ‘Like two men exploring Neptune’.
The artists present a record of their findings when working with the site of Smithson’s only significant earthwork to be made in England through anaglyph film making, photography and installation, drawn in by the mystery surrounding the often misrepresented work.
- 06/07/2012 6:00 pm
- 06/07/2012 - 21/07/2012


Art history timeline poster
Since the Chinese American Museum opened its doors in 2003, we have been amazed by how we have grown as a museum. Beyond sharing our community’s history, we have also become a resource for education, diversity, and inclusion across Southern California and beyond. Since the founding of its first in-house Art Department in 1983, Nike has combined the psychology of color with performance design in the form of prints and patterns on apparel. Since the Chinese American Museum opened its doors in 2003, we have been amazed by how we have grown as a museum. Beyond sharing our community’s history, we have also become a resource for education, diversity, and inclusion across Southern California and beyond. Explore all of British history, from the Neolithic to the present day, with this easy-to-use interactive timeline. Browse hundreds of key events and discover how the past has shaped the world we ... Find great deals on eBay for world history timeline poster. Shop with confidence. 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In 1891, Toulouse-Lautrec's extraordinary first poster, Moulin Rouge, elevated the status of the poster to fine art and touched off a poster craze. During the 1890s, referred to as the Belle Epoque in France, poster exhibitions, magazines and dealers proliferated; the pioneering Parisian dealer Sagot listed 2200 different posters in his catalog!
Neo-pop Just as computers where getting popular, digital art came along. Since the 1970s, different names have been used to describe the process including computer art and multimedia art. It's used a lot in media and film makers to create visual effects. Digital art shares a link
An Introduction to Art and Culture in Ancient Egypt. Art in Ancient Egypt Volume 1 Apple Books, 2019: A Survey Art in Ancient Egypt from Predynastic Times to the Graeco-Roman Period. Art in Ancient Egypt Volume 2 Apple Books, 2019: Art’s History in Europe Part 1: Prehistoric Europe, Egypt, Near East, Aegean, Greece Apple Books, 2014
Designed to print A3 either colour or blank and white. 3x posters to hang in the classroom which clearly lay out the Periods and Art Movements as a timeline.*Please note dates can vary depending on sourcesDesigned for classroom use.
A timeline listing the important events during The Spanish American War (1898-1901)
The Classical Composers Poster is an extraordinary work of educational art that explores the history of classical music in a large-scale timeline format. From the mystical songs of Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179) to the minimalist masterpieces of Steve Reich (1936- ) and Philip Glass (1937- ), the poster chronicles a 1000-year journey that includes some of the most inspired artistic creations of all time.
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The Evolution of Visual Art In the Modern Era. NOTE: If there are problems with any of the hypertext links to artists, styles, or artworks found throughout the text in this section, you can access a general index of artists or this similar index via theselinks to look at works by virtually any artist you wish.
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The park offers guests a possibility to share in its prosperous background and enjoy the all-natural beauty from the encompassing desert environment. In addition to its heritage and points of interest, Calico Ghost Town has outlets,eating places and gives camping and outdoor recreation not obtainable at almost all of our other park amenities. As a result of historic character with the town, not all places are ADA accessible.
Named after the nearby stream, Paluxy is undoubtedly an outdated town, obtaining been uncovered before the Civil War. On account of Indian raids, its populace fluctuated, but it surely retained a submit Office environment all of the way until eventually the nineties.
Copper Creek is a more typical instance; it may be accessed by a rocky, 9 mile Dust road and it has Numerous scattered ruined buildings and aged mine buildings unfold out over steep, cacti-covered hillsides east of Mammoth, 44 miles from Tucson. The majority of the land is administered by the BLM, although some is an element of the Doing the job mine, even though other locations are within the boundaries of A non-public ranch. Lately, the ranch operator has prevented entry to a piece of Copper Creek Canyon, an element that features a lot of the ruins with the aged town.
T. Stannard invented this Innovative mining technologies, and later on grew to become CEO from the Kennecott Company. In 1923, a floatation plant was added towards the developing wherever the "fines", ore below 2 mm in diameter, were being processed.
Get BOOK 2 NOW and skim how the train appeared in mid-air. The final steam trains ran to Newport in the1960's and this was definitely a ghost-teach.
A coach and horses, poltergeist lights, phantom revels and tales of stone creatures witnessed on the old gate pillars, are merely a few of the spooky happenings With this Weird position.
St Peter's: similar in length to the church at close by Blythburgh. It Our site was stripped of anything of benefit as being the cliff edge drew nearer. The east gable fell in 1688 and the remainder of the developing followed in 1697. The parish sign-up survives and is now inside the British Library.
Now a youth centre, supernatural happenings are centred across the very first floor chamber wherever the king slept. Footsteps are read, and figures witnessed moving all-around a place lit by dim, flickering candles. The King's ghost has even been captured on movie, in addition to a photograph taken from the grounds shows a determine in Cavalier's costume standing within the window.
The excursions of Pripyat and Chernobyl past for someday and depart early each morning. From right here, it is possible to see locations like Kiev and You then will pay a visit to the region known as the Exclusion Zone in Chernobyl.
A single of those towns is Tatums. The town centered all over its church, hotel, and college, which was created with matching grant cash with the Rosenwald Basis. Insufficient Careers pushed a lot of Tatums' citizens to the metropolitan areas, so now the busiest working day from the week is Sunday, when church is in session.
The stays of a brick university property, which a 1938 newspaper report claimed for being "a significant and commanding prominence. It's probably best site the greatest and many spacious concrete underground storm-houses that we know of inside the county.
It is really an awesome critique, pop over to this site although the inn's significant spirits can be as a consequence of in excess of its buyers, for the Pilot Boat contains a ghost, which will help itself to rum and lager.
Valdasta has also been spelled Valdosta, and have become an established settlement in 1886 when it received its write-up Place of work. Apparently, the town was started out even more back again by Kentuckians who came to Texas.
He was apparently cleaning out among the guns whenever a shell grew to become stuck, backfired, and blew him apart.


Thursday, October 05, 2006
October's Loony Luna
During October, we can see the most beautiful moons. There a no other moons throughout the year that compare to the diverse coloring of this satilite in this month.
The Moon has figured in many mythologies, often paired or contrasted with the Sun. Many of the most well-known mythologies feature female lunar deities, such as the Greek goddesses Selene and Phoebe and their Olympian successor Artemis, their Roman equivalents Luna and Diana, or the Thracian Bendis. These cultures almost invariably featured a male sun god.
It is worth mentioning the cult that appeared in the Medieval Milan at the end of the 14th century. Two women from higher society, Sibillia Zanni and Pietrina de' Bugatis, were brought in 1384 and again in 1390 before the Inquisition for having claimed that, together with others - both living and dead, they worshipped the goddess Madonna Oriente. Madonna Oriente is the Italian translation of the Latin words "Domina Oriens." It has been demonstrated that this name was used to denote the Moon. Those who worshipped her were the first Inquisition victims to be burned as witches, though not the first victims of persecution as witches nor the first victims of the Inquisiton.
A feminine lunar connection is easily overstated, however, for male lunar gods are also frequent, such as Nanna or Sin of the Mesopotamians, Mani of the Germanic tribes, Thoth of the Egyptians, the Japanese god Tsukiyomi, Rahko of Finns and Tecciztecatl of the Aztecs. These cultures usually featured female Sun goddesses.
While many Neopagan authors and feminist scholars claim that there was an original Great Goddess in prehistoric cultures that was linked to the moon and formed the basis of later religions, the Great Goddess figure is highly speculative and not a proven concept. It is important to note that most of the oldest civilizations mentioned above had male lunar deities, and it was only later cultures — the classical ones most people are familiar with — that featured strong female moon goddesses.
The bull was lunar in Mesopotamia (its horns representing the crescent). In the Hellenistic-Roman rites of Mithras, the bull is prominent, with astral significance, but with no explicit connection to the moon.
The words 'lunacy," "lunatic," and "loony" are derived from Luna because of the folk belief in the moon as a cause of periodic insanity. It is a feature of modern belief that shapeshifters such as werewolves drew their power from the moon and would change into their bestial form during the full moon, but this feature is largely absent from older folklore.
The purported influence of the moon in human affairs remains a feature of astrology.


Ultra has a proud history that dates back to the 1920s, however, Ultra as we know it today was formed from the management buy-out of seven business of the Dowty Electronics Systems Division on 13th October 1993.
This book is a compendium of every UltraNews, the company newsletter, published during the first 25 years since its rebirth in 1993.
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For all the UltraNews stories; the contracts that we won, our innovative products, our satisfied customers, it is those of our employees and the
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Click here to find 25 years of Ultra's newsletters from 1993 to 2018


Grieg's Piano Concerto with the London Symphony Orchestra and the Pianola, 1912.
By the time the gramophone and player piano industries were ready to consider the recording of famous pianists and composers, Edvard Grieg had already reached the last few years of his life. Born in Bergen, Norway, in June 1843, Grieg was never a very strong man, having lost the use of his left lung as a result of early and protracted illness. When the youthful Percy Grainger visited him at Troldhaugen in 1907, Grieg felt that he had discovered the person who most nearly approached his own ideal of piano playing, had he himself been blessed with the energy and vigour that exuded from the young Australian. But there was another way in which Grieg re-discovered some of the liveliness of his earlier days: piano rolls, with their novel possibilities for editing and improvement, were also magical enduers of youth. Grainger himself observed that the Duo-Art represented him, not as he actually played, but as he would like to have played, and at least some of Grieg's Phonola rolls bear the signs of skilful post-production activity. We should not run away from these "virtual" techniques, since they have also played a part in audio recordings of classical music since the start of the LP era. Piano rolls are generally akin to portraits rather than photographs, but it is often the case that a portrait is the more successful at encapsulating the character of its subject.
An Advertisement for Grieg's Autograph-Metrostyle Rolls, London, 1913.
The Aeolian Company - Autograph-Metrostyle Rolls for the Pianola
The first approach to Grieg towards preserving his ideas of interpretation on music roll came from the Aeolian Company in London, which, like its parent organisation in the USA, sold the recently invented Pianola and the perforated music rolls that went with it. Most rolls at this early stage were not recorded, but simply transcribed by trained editors from the normal sheet music, and it was up to the "Pianolist" to interpret the music as he or she saw fit. The performance of the Grieg Concerto in February 1912, depicted at the head of this page, used non-recorded rolls of the solo part, and the Pianola was played by Easthope Martin, a young English composer, with the London Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Artur Nikisch. Such events were no doubt motivated by the publicity that they very effectively generated, but it is clear that the musical standards that could be achieved with normal piano rolls were good enough to satisfy the likes of Nikisch. It is one thing for a conductor to sign an over-enthusiastic testimonial, but quite another to place his reputation on the line in a live concert with such an instrument!
By the summer of 1901, Aeolian already had a good selection of Grieg's compositions in its Pianola catalogue, including music for solo piano, piano duet, and accompaniment rolls for singers and instrumentalists. In 1903 it introduced the Metrostyle, invented by Francis L. Young, which consisted of a pointer attached to the Tempo Lever, by means of which the Pianolist could follow a wavy red line marked throughout the transcription of the music, thereby introducing variations in speed and rubato, as previously indicated by a staff musician. A further development of this principle resulted in "Autograph-Metrostyle" rolls, whose initial red lines had been marked by, or under the supervision of, famous composers and pianists, with all the advantages of authenticity that this provided. George Whitefield Fay Reed, Technical Director of the Orchestrelle Company, Aeolian's London establishment, visited Grieg in late 1904 to mark up a series of his compositions, and around twenty years later he wrote up his memories of the trip, as an adjunct to a series of musical lectures given at Aeolian Hall, London, by Percy Scholes, the well-known musical historian and lexicographer.
George Whitefield Fay Reed, Technical Director of the Aeolian Company, London.
"Having a personal introduction to Grieg, I went to Bergen, taking with me one of the latest "Pianolas", equipped with the Metrostyle. After a little difficulty I succeeded in persuading him to listen to it, at the same time explaining the function of the Metrostyle, and how by its means his own interpretations of his compositions could be marked on the music rolls, and thus enable thousands of music lovers, and possible future "Pianola" owners, all over the world in the years to come, to play these compositions according to his exact interpretation.
"The thought that his own ideas could thus be preserved for posterity appealed to him, as it has to many other composers who at the beginning were equally prejudiced against the "Pianola", and he agreed to assist me in marking the following rolls:
Opening of Papillon by Grieg, Metrostyled by the Composer - Troldhaugen, 1904.
"I remained in Bergen for a week, working with Grieg several hours each day, until the marking was complete, and the line on each roll was to his absolute satisfaction. As the work progressed, and he commenced to realise what the invention of the "Pianola" really meant to the music lover, he became very enthusiastic, so much so that during the few remaining years of his life, Grieg was numbered amongst the staunchest supporters of the instrument.
"I shall never forget my delightful visit to his villa, "Troldhaugen", a few miles from Bergen, situated on one of the many beautiful fjords which abound on this coast. Here, in his home, surrounded by his family and friends, he played piece after piece and chatted about the many quaint sources by which they had been inspired; old Norwegian legends of the dwarfs, giants, etc., who in his imagination peopled many of his pieces. My friend, Johannes Wolff, the violinist, himself an old friend of Grieg, was also there, and together they played several Movements from the Violin Sonatas. Then, after a simple Norwegian supper, we sat in the music room with the wonderful glow of the Norwegian twilight coming in through the windows, while Madame Grieg sang a number of her husband's Songs."
Roll Leader of Papillon by Grieg, Metrostyled by the Composer - Troldhaugen, 1904.
The result of this intense activity was a series of red ink lines on "pattern" rolls for the 65-note Pianola, which were kept by the Aeolian Company for many years, and used as fair copies in the production of normal Pianola rolls of Grieg's compositions. Unfortunately, these "Autograph-Metrostyle" rolls have not been popular with collectors of player pianos since the Second World War, whose tastes have tended more towards light music, and as a result, most are not known to have survived. The illustration above shows the start of Grieg's roll of "Papillon", with a reproduction of his attestation and signature made, not at the time of marking, but later on, in May 1906 in London, on the way to receive an honorary degree from the University of Oxford. Grieg confirms that "The Tempo Line in this roll is in accordance with my intentions."
Ludwig Hupfeld - Recorded Rolls for the Phonola, Phonoliszt and DEA
In April 1906, Grieg had travelled twice to Leipzig in Germany, on either side of a concert engagement in Prague, and he was able to record nine music rolls of his own compositions for two different German companies, those of Ludwig Hupfeld and Hugo Popper, the latter representing the Mignon reproducing piano manufactured by Michael Welte and Sons of Freiburg-im-Breisgau. On 11th April 1906 he visited the Hupfeld recording studio and played six of his own compositions for Hupfeld's new series of "Künstlermusikrollen", Artists' Music Rolls, which had been initiated in the autumn of the previous year.
Hupfeld's First Brochure for its Artists' Rolls - Leipzig, Germany, Autumn 1905.
No photograph seems to have survived from the occasion, although the recording sessions of many other pianists were captured in this way, and so one cannot be certain who was in attendance. However, it is very likely that Ludwig Hupfeld, the owner of the firm, welcomed such an important international personage as Grieg, and the recording engineer was most probably Robert Frömsdorf, inventor of the Phonola, who operated the roll-marking machine for many such recordings, until his untimely death in the summer of 1908. It is also known that the German pianist and musical theorist, Ludwig Riemann, was present, and it may be that he acted as an unofficial recording producer, since his analytical mind would have been very useful in following the score.
Ludwig Hupfeld and Robert Frömsdorf, Grieg's Recording Team for the Phonola.
In his volume on the theory of piano playing, Das Wesen des Klavierklanges, Ludwig Riemann transcribes the first sixteen bars of music from Grieg's recording of one of these six rolls, Erotikon, conveniently providing us with the nearest we have to an original master roll of Grieg's playing. Like many other roll-recording devices, the Hupfeld system marked a moving roll in real time, as the pianist played, though the connections between the piano and the recorder seem to have been pneumatic in this case, through rubber and lead tubing, unlike the systems of many other companies, which used electrical connections through multicore cables. Riemann describes the recording process in detail, and it is clear that a rudimentary form of dynamic recording was available, with six lines at each edge of the master roll representing the approximate force with which notes in the treble and bass sections were played, presumably pp, p, mp, mf, f and ff.
It is most unlikely that this dynamic information was edited into the playable rolls in any automatic way, and a surviving photograph of Grieg, listening to a pedalled performance of his rolls on the Phonola in 1907, is a good indication that any process of adding dynamics was done well after the recording session, if at all. Hupfeld's main commercial avenue at this time for the new series of recorded rolls was the pedal-operated Phonola, whose dynamics were created by the feet of the Phonolist, the individual player at home. However, Herr Hupfeld's instruments changed in style and title with remarkable frequency, and the confusingly named "Phonoliszt" (note the extra "z"), an expression piano powered by an electric suction pump, was able to add three degrees of automatic loudness to any rolls that were issued in its separate series. Grieg's own diary states that he was recording for the Phonoliszt, though in fact his recordings were used on a variety of the firm's instruments.
The Phonola, invented by Robert Frömsdorf - Leipzig, Germany, 1902 onwards.
The final step in Hupfeld's progression towards a fully automatic reproducing piano at this time was the DEA, always spelled in capital letters, though without any surviving indication that the name might have been an acronym. The DEA allowed for six levels of dynamics in treble and bass separately, with variable speed crescendos and diminuendos between any chosen levels. This was certainly a system of some considerable theoretical subtlety, though this writer is not aware of any instrument that might currently do justice to the underlying theory, and in any case the practical implementation would have depended on the experience of musical editors, which, in the years immediately following its introduction in 1907, would have been very limited.
All six of Grieg's rolls have survived in versions for later Hupfeld instruments, with the note placements exactly as played and edited in 1906, but without automatic dynamic coding, and on this new recording they have been performed by Rex Lawson. Such a process is not infallible, but in general the rolls will tend to sound like an idealised version of Grieg, perhaps a rather more youthful man than the one who actually played in 1906, but a virtual Grieg with whom the real Grieg would be in sympathy.
Michael Welte and Sons - Recorded Rolls for the Welte-Mignon
After his concert in Prague, Grieg returned to Leipzig, and on 17 April 1906 he visited the studios of Hugo Popper, another major manufacturer of musical instruments. Popper was on friendly terms with the southern German firm of Michael Welte und Soehne, whose fully automatic Mignon piano had been introduced to the public in early 1905. Once again, no photograph seems to have survived from Grieg's recording session, but it must have been very similar to the photograph of Paderewski shown below, taken barely two months beforehand, in the same room and with the same personnel in attendance.
Ignace Jan Paderewski recording for the Welte-Mignon - 27 February 1906, Leipzig.
Apart from Paderewski and his wife, those depicted in the photograph, from left to right, are Edwin Welte and Karl Bockisch, inventors of the Mignon, Julius Feurich, manufacturer of the piano used for recording, Berthold Welte, managing director of the Welte firm, and Hugo Popper, in whose studio the session took place. Grieg recorded only three rolls for the Mignon, Papillon, The Little Bird and Norwegian Bridal Procession. His diary records that he was feeling unwell, and had hardly slept the night before, and he joked with Karl Bockisch that, "Other people play my music better than I do!"
Other Recorded Piano Rolls of Grieg
Although the recordings described above represent all the direct contributions that Grieg made for piano roll, other companies acquired duplication rights to some of his rolls, so that his performances were also to be heard on the Ampico, the Angelus-Artrio, the ArtEcho and the Duo-Art. Those for the Ampico were reissues of Grieg's Hupfeld rolls, the Artrio and ArtEcho came from the Welte-Mignon, while the Aeolian Company transferred just one of the Autograph-Metrostyle rolls, Papillon, to the Duo-Art, presumably by using an 88-note Pianola push-up in front of its Duo-Art recording piano.
Many LP and CD transfers have been made of Grieg's Welte-Mignon rolls, not always very successfully, but the new 2L recording represents the first occasion when any of the composer's Phonola rolls have been available in audio form, 103 years after they were actually recorded.


Antique lamp posts and other antique outdoor lighting fixtures lend an element of class to any outdoor atmosphere. And what better compliments these than the classic look and feel presented with outdoor clocks.
Originally used in ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, street lamps were originally used to illuminate the walkway for safety and to keep robbers at bay. They also originally required a lamp lighter to manually visit the posts to light them at dusk. As time marched on, colonial outdoor lighting fixtures advanced as municipalities developed power delivery. And gas lighting throughout the 19th and 20th centuries became part of exterior functioning and design.
Today, antique lamp posts with these nostalgic features and styles are still available to add an element of charm to everything from golf courses to village greens. Even a simple outdoor street lantern at the entrance to a country club greatly establishes ambiance, classic and refined.
Also a nice compliment to any golf course or country club are street clocks. Outdoor post clocks also increase curb appeal for any building. Both present in outdoor architecture for thousands of years, one can’t help feel the nostalgia street clocks and antique street lamp posts invoke.
Rustic outdoor lighting available with antique lamp posts serve the same purpose they did the Romans 2000 years ago, but now add a certain degree of charm and cleanliness. Adding street lamps to any building increases visibility at night and provides an historic classy feel to any outdoor area.


Ministers Island Collection
Ministers Island is a historic Canadian island in New Brunswick’s Passamaquoddy Bay near the town of St. Andrews.
Prints Available for Purchase
Physical prints are printed on photographic paper with a satin finish. They are printed locally in Fredericton NB Canada. To order please select from the images below and email me at firstname.lastname@example.org for sizes and costs. Thanks.


|home history tenant info amenities location|
The following was gracefully provided by Steve Beszedits.
Formally opened to tenants on January 5, 1912, as the East River Homes, this unique group of four interconnected six-story buildings in mid-Manhattan was erected as a model tenement to house poor working class families with one of more tuberculosis-infected members. It was conceived by Dr. Henry L. Shively, head of the tuberculosis clinic at Presbyterian Hospital; funded by Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt Sr. (née Anne Harriman); and designed by Henry Atterbury Smith.
Smith incorporated a number of ingenious features to make the buildings as healthful, sanitary, safe, and comfortable as possible. He paid particular attention to providing abundant light and air, two basic necessities most beneficial to tuberculosis sufferers. The ample funds allocated also allowed him to indulge in architectural design and detailing that was unprecedented in philanthropic housing.
Several parts of the complex – most notably the richly-tiled passageways connecting the interior courts with the streets, the open stairways, and the tiles on the underside of the projecting balconies – were executed by the Guastavino Fireproof Construction Company; a remarkable enterprise whose outstanding creations grace many of New York City’s finest edifices, among them the Great Hall on Ellis Island, the Oyster Bar in Grand Central Terminal, and St. Paul’s Chapel at Columbia University.
From the very beginning Mrs. Vanderbilt’s project was closely followed by the press not only in New York City but overseas as well. Great Britain’s prestigious medical journal The Lancet commented in its April 3, 1909, issue: “Her object is to show, by an experiment on a large scale, that such accommodations may be constructed and managed to save human lives … Should she succeed in demonstrating this her example will, no doubt, be followed …” The New York Times, December 1, 1912, declared: “It is possible that nowhere in the world is there a more comfortable, sanitary, and beautiful tenement than Mr. Vanderbilt’s East River homes.” The complex also garnered enthusiastic endorsement from housing reformers, social activists, and the medical community.
Architecture and Building, February 1912, presented a wealth of details on the finished structures along with several excellent photographs. The author of the article was particularly impressed by the roofs, noting that they have been made “as attractive and comfortable as possible,” and that they not only “command an excellent view of the East River and Long Island,” but also afford “an ideal resting place in the open air for tubercular patients.” When the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects bestowed its awards for apartment buildings having the best exterior design for the year 1911, it received the medal in the class of apartment houses of six stories or less. According to Richard Plunz’s monumental A History of Housing in New York (1990), “East River Homes was by any standard the most advanced model tenement to be built in New York City up to 1912, and quite possibly since.”
Two months after opening the buildings became the site of the Home Hospital, an ambitious long-term study sponsored by the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (AICP), one of New York’s oldest and most influential charity organizations. The project sought to demonstrate that by housing a patient having a virulent case of tuberculosis and his family in a salubrious home environment under medical supervision would not only result in recovery but, at the same time, keep the family intact and ensure that the disease would not spread to healthy individuals.
One section of the complex was leased and converted into a home hospital to accommodate selected families and medical staff, and in November of the following year an additional section was procured and occupied. The program was remarkably successful; the AICP reported at the end of the first year that “the results obtained with the adult patients compared very favorably with those of the best sanatoria.”
The charitable trust governing the East River Homes was dissolved in 1923 and the buildings were sold to the City and Suburban Homes Company for rental apartments the following year. In the 1930s the pergolas and recreational facilities on the roof were removed, kitchens were relocated from the living rooms, and the bedrooms were enlarged by reducing the total number of rooms on each floor.
On July 9, 1985, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission – citing the complex’s prominent role in the fight against tuberculosis as well as its distinctive architectural features – designated it as an official landmark. In 1986, it was renamed the Cherokee Apartments and converted to cooperative ownership status.
The Cherokee Apartments is mentioned in numerous books about New York City’s architecture and places of interest. For example, Paul Goldberger wrote in his The City Observed: New York (1979): “At the Cherokee one senses an order an a place for each resident that makes him, as he stands at his balcony or crosses through the courtyard, feel unique.” Francis Morrone’s The Architectural Guidebook to New York City (1994) opines that “these buildings impart to 77th Street and Cherokee Place a powerful. brooding, romantic sense of enclosure.” On NYREALTY.COM’s list of the “Top Ten Balconies, East Side,” the Cherokee ranks second, superseded only by the Trump Plaza.
Since becoming a co-op the complex has been undergoing extensive renovation and restoration, both externally and internally. In January 1991 the Cherokee Apartments was one of the sites honored with an award by the Friends of the Upper East Side, a non-profit preservation organization, “for the exemplary care which through careful restoration brought back the intrinsic charm of this group of thoughtfully designed buildings.”
Due to its wonderful architectural characteristics, the complex has attracted several moviemakers over the years. In November 2003 the premises hosted the cast and crew of Stay, a film directed by Marc Forster and starring Ewan McGregor and Naomi Watts. More recently, director Robert De Niro shot several scenes for his The Good Shepherd, featuring Angelina Jolie and Matt Damon. However, all of this footage wound up on the cutting room floor.


I wrote “The Child, the Primitive, and the Medieval: Making Medieval Heroes in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries” in an attempt to answer the questions, why would people think that stories of King Arthur or Beowulf or Robin Hood or stories written by Chaucer were appropriate for children? Why did late Victorian and early twentieth-century writers turn to medieval stories in such numbers to translate and adapt medieval tales for young readers?
I was glad to contribute the essay to the festschrift for George Clark* titled The Hero Recovered: Essays on Medieval Heroism in Honor of George Clark, edited by Robin Waugh and James Weldon, and published by Medieval Institute Publications in 2010. But as an expensive scholarly book, The Hero Recovered has limited circulation, and so I am posting a pdf of my essay here for anyone interested in the subject of children’s literature and medievalism.
My essay focuses on the period between approximately 1875 and 1914 which saw many publications for young readers featuring King Arthur, Beowulf, King Alfred and other medieval heroes. Although children had been given medieval folktales, myths, and legends to read before this time — usually in drastically reduced, inexpensive chapbook versions — these tales were not generally seen as meriting serious attention. Samuel Johnson’s attitude in the 18th century is typical when he comments on the Middle Ages: “at the time when very wild and improbable tales were well received, the people were in a barbarous state, and so on the footing of children” (see essay, p. 210). In other words, the idea of an uncivilized, child-like medieval era has a long history.
…at the time when very wild and improbable tales were well received, the people were in a barbarous state, and so on the footing of children.
What changed in the 19th century, however, was the value and interest that the medieval period held for scholars and general readers. In my essay, I discuss how imperial interests and racial politics, along with the study of national origins in Indo-European languages and in evolutionary anthropology, combine to create a widespread interest in the idea of progress from medieval and/or primitive origins. The evolutionary theory that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny (i.e. the stages of development in the individual recapitulate or repeat phylogeny, the states of evolutionary development of the human) meant that children could stand in for cultural “primitives” as objects of study. Andrew Lang in his series of fairy tale books did much to popularize this notion of the child as a representative of an earlier stage of human development.
The children to whom and for whom [fairy tales] are told represent the young age of man.
(Andrew Lang, Introduction, Blue Fairy Book)
To illustrate how a child could represent the evolutionary progress of a nation, I comment on a serialized story, “Progress of the British Boy: Past and Present,” published in the periodical Boys of the Empire in 1888. The illustration accompanying the article wasn’t published with my essay, so I provide it here:
…as the ‘boy is the father of the man,’ it may not be amiss to draw the attention of our young readers to the boyhood, if we may so term it, of England…
(Edwin J. Brett, “Progress of the British Boy” Boys of the Empire no. 1, p. 12)
As I state in my essay: “These children’s periodicals, schoolbooks, and anthologies demonstrate a conflation of ideas about the child and the medieval through a primitivist and evolutionary discourse, which often determined the kind of reading material that would be given to children” (218). You can read the entire essay if you’re interested in the details of my discussion and in my examples of various texts. I’ll just reprint here part of my concluding paragraph:
…one may well question what effect the persistent association of the child and the primitive with the medieval has had on the contemporary status of medieval literature. Even today, if someone were to ask for stories of King Arthur or Robin Hood, it is likely that most people would assume that simple children’s stories or at least stories that appealed to adolescent tastes were being requested — in other words, literature that is not as complex or as serious as that typically defined as modern, adult literature. Medievalists, of course, know better, but in order to understand clearly how medieval studies developed to this point, it is important to recognize the conflation of the child, the primitive, and the medieval in the disciplinary formations of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. That intersection is perhaps most evident to us when we examine the particular kind of medieval hero presented to us in texts from this time, an exemplar of the nation and the race, who reveals to us quite sharply the primitivist and evolutionary foundations on which he was constructed.
You can download the pdf here: “The Child, the Primitive, and the Medieval: Making Medieval Heroes in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries”
*Medievalists will know George Clark mainly from his work on the Old English poems The Battle of Maldon and Beowulf. Tolkienists might recognize him as the author of “J.R.R. Tolkien and the True Hero” published in the book that he co-edited with Daniel Timmons, J.R.R. Tolkien and his Literary Resonances, Greenwood Press. The Hero Recovered includes an interview conducted by Daniel Timmons with George Clark on heroism in Tolkien’s work and in Old Norse literature.
View the table of contents of The Hero Recovered [pdf].


hould be disposed of at the same time, thecorpse32was swathed in a spareawning33,lashed34up, and weighted with a length of im体育如何才能秒确认 chain. The steward produced a Prayer Book and handed it to the temporary skipper. Burgoyne, noting that a bare ninety seconds remained, read a few portions of the burial service, then, with every man of the Donibristle's crew within sight knocking off work andstanding35bareheaded, the mortal remains of Mrs. Vivian were committed to the deep.
"Perhaps," thought Alwyn, as he turned away, "perhaps it was as well that Miss Vivian did go below. There are limits even to the endurance of human nature."
The voice of the pirate lieutenantbawling36out orders in broken English attracted Burgoyne's attention. A signal had just been received from the Malfiliocountermanding37the previous order, and instructing Henriques to send the prisoners below and get under way. So the boats were swung in again and secured.
By the time that this work was completed, and before the im one体育平台 British deck-hands and officers could be sent below, a faint buzzing that momentarily increased caused all hands to look skywards. Approaching the Malfilio at a high speed was a small seaplane. At first Burgoyne and many of his comrades thought that it was anaval38scout39, and that deliverance was at hand; but the fact that no hostiledemonstration41was made on the pirate cruiser quicklybanished42this hope.
The seaplane waswinding43in awireless44aerial as she circled round the Malfilio. Without the slightest doubt it was by this means that the Malfilio had been placed in touch with herprey45. The fuselage was dumpy and the monoplane spare and small, and by the corrugations of the wings Burgoyne rightly concluded that they were of metal. She was of an earlier type with a single motor of comparatively low power —but quite sufficient to enable her to be a valuable adjunct to IM体育偷分原理 the pirate cruiser.
The "winding-in" completed, the seaplane alighted on the surface and "taxi-ed" alongside the Malfilio. A derrick swungoutwards46from the cruiser, and a steel wire rope wasdeftly47shackled48to the eyebolt of a "gravity band" round the fuselage. Even as the machine rose from the water,dangling49at the end of a wire rope, her wings swung back and folded themselves against the body, and in this compact form the aerial scout vanished from sight behind the Malfilio's superstructure.
This much Burgoyne saw before he was compelled to follow the remaining officers and deck-hands, including the Cockney who had been told to stand by the whistle lanyard, and who, during the operation of swinging in the boats, had seen his officer's signal for recall.