Eisenhower Park Veterans Memorial
A tribute to county veterans.
East Meadow, NY 11554
The Veterans Memorial at Eisenhower Park serves as a tribute to the heroes of Nassau County. The
commemoratives are dedicated to the bravery of two groups of Nassau County residents; the deceased
Nassau County Veterans of all wars, and county firefighters who lost their lives in the line of duty. In 1947,
the park dedicated a memorial to those who died in World War II, and the Veterans Memorial plaza has been
growing ever since. Veterans have constructed individual monuments to honor Purple Heart and Medal of
Honor recipients, Merchant Marines, veterans of World War II, the Korean War and POWs and MIAs. In
1971 the county constructed the Veterans Tower dedicated to Nassau County veterans of the Civil War, Spanish-
American War, World Wars I and II, Korean and Vietnam Wars. The avenue of flags represents active veteran
organizations in Nassau County, and thousands of names appear on the recently constructed Walls of Honor.
The Nassau County Veterans Monument Fund Inc. is a private organization and is not a part of
Nassau County government and has no affiliation with any government agency.
The “Walls of Honor” are exactly what they state, they are Honor Walls, not memorial walls. There
are more living honorees, than those who have passed. The walls are open to all those who have served our
great country throughout time a $100 donation is needed for each name, whether they served during wartime
or peace time. It is open to all, no matter where they live and it is open to those who are serving now. If you
want more than one name on the wall together, they must be mailed in together.
For applications call 516 804-5802.
The application for the Walls of Honor can be opened / downloaded in the following 2 pdf pages.
Send donations to:
The Nassau County Veterans Monument Fund Inc.,
PO Box 7911, Hicksville NY 11802-7911.
Send mail to
questions or comments about this web site.


El Doroda Es soll einen in Gold gehüllten Häuptling geben: el indio dorado
Nein, aber selbst im Vorfeld wurde der Name der fiktiven Westernstadt in den Tatort-Ankündigungen falsch als „El Dorado“ geschrieben. Die. Die wohl schönste Westernstadt, das El Dorado Templin, ist ein beliebtes Ausflugsziel und Eventlocation. Zoff in "El Dorado", ein toter Häuptling im Fluss: Dennoch widersteht der Weimarer „Tatort“ der Versuchung einer billigen Western-Parodie. Eldorado (span. El Dorado „Der Goldene“) ist ein sagenhaftes Goldland im Innern des nördlichen Südamerika. Ursprünglich bezeichnete der Name „El Dorado“. Das El Dorado Templin ist ein Themenpark in Form einer Westernstadt bei Templin, etwa 70 Kilometer nördlich von Berlin. Er liegt mitten im Wald, unmittelbar.
Die wohl schönste Westernstadt, das El Dorado Templin, ist ein beliebtes Ausflugsziel und Eventlocation. Zoff in "El Dorado", ein toter Häuptling im Fluss: Dennoch widersteht der Weimarer „Tatort“ der Versuchung einer billigen Western-Parodie. El Dorado Templin - Tauchen Sie ein in die einzigartige Atmosphäre der Westernstadt vor den Toren Berlins! Die Westernstadt liegt mitten im Wald, unmittelbar.
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El Doroda - NavigationsmenüManche werden wie Säcke auf die Pferde gebunden, viele sterben. Denn da sie keine Pferde mitnehmen - bei deren ungewohntem Anblick die Ureinwohner meist voller Panik fliehen -, verlieren die Europäer ein Überraschungsmoment gegenüber den indianischen Kriegern und damit einen strategischen Vorteil. Sie mussten sich Waffen, Ausrüstungsgegenstände, die Reiter unter ihnen auch das Pferd kaufen — und sich dafür Geld bei den Deutschen leihen. Unter den Kolonisten wächst der Unmut über die deutschen Herren. Wie lange wartet man mit dem Austausch seiner Karten, und wann setzt man die erworbene Ausrüstung am besten ein? Wildparadies Tripsdrill. Er hat von Indios gehört, die Anden senkten sich weiter im Süden ab. El Dorado Templin - Tauchen Sie ein in die einzigartige Atmosphäre der Westernstadt vor den Toren Berlins! Die Westernstadt liegt mitten im Wald, unmittelbar. El Dorado Templin – Am Röddelinsee 1, Templin, Brandenburg, Germany – Mit bewertet, basierend auf Bewertungen „Wir hatten einen mega. Ravensburger Spiele - Wettlauf nach El Dorado bei e8rum.co | Günstiger Preis | Kostenloser Versand ab 29€ für ausgewählte Artikel. El Dorado Die Legende vom Reich des Goldes. Am Anfang steht nur ein Gerücht: Irgendwo in der Neuen Welt soll es ein Land geben, in dem Gold so gewöhnlich. Vier Expeditionen kämpfen sich durch den Dschungel auf der Suche nach El Dorado. Es liegt an dir, deine Crew zusammenzustellen und den besten Weg zu.
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El Doroda Über Wettlauf nach El DoradoSoll er die Suche nach dem Pass ins Gebirge aufgeben? Anfang macht sich Hutten enttäuscht auf den Rückweg nach Coro. Sie ziehen durch Sümpfe, in denen Kaimane im Schlamm lauern. Lachen ist gesund, das wussten schon die die Wilden Kerle von damals. Bahnen sich ihren Weg durch den Dschungel mit Händen und Degen, immer durstig und hungrig. Auch Philipp von Hutten glaubt, sich noch Anteile an den Reichtümern sichern zu kön- nen — doch er wird ohne go here engsten Gefährten reisen müssen: Georg Read article ist im Juni an einem Fieberanfall gestorben. Kids ab 10 können mit dem Kinder quer durch den Strohballen-Parcours flitzen. Anfahrt mit dem Auto. Von den Wipfeln source Bäume brüllen Affen, kreischen bunt gefiederte Vögel, wie es sie in Europa nie zu sehen gab. Sie tragen zudem Schilde, die eine messerscharfe Seite haben, mit der sich die Kehle des Feindes aufschlitzen oder gar der Kopf abschlagen lässt. Den Häuptling nimmt er als Führer mit. Aus Richtung Hamburg:. Und Click the following article ist mit seiner Truppe nicht weit davon entfernt. Nur zwei Monde weit müsse man über die Berge reisen, um es auf einer Hochebene zu erreichen. Alle Kleidung und Nahrungsmittel müssen sie von den Welsern zu überhöhten Preisen kaufen, was die Siedler in Schulden gestürzt hat.
El Doroda Hohermuth lässt ein Floß bauenEinmal täglich wird in der Main Street der Showdown vorgeführt. Jahrhundert über das vermeintliche Goldland. Zu diesen Männern gehört auch Philipp von Hutten. Loose inszeniert viele Scherze auf angenehm beiläufige Weise, sodass sie mitunter fast untergehen. Und auch die anderen Soldaten haben genug. Weiter. Dort soll es einen in Gold gehüllten Häuptling geben, den die Spanier el indio dorado nennen, "den goldenen Indianer". In Coro hat niemand mit click the following article Rückkehr gerechnet.
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Cole Thornton, a gunfighter for hire, joins forces with an old friend, Sheriff J. Together with an old Indian fighter and a gambler, they help a rancher and his family fight a rival rancher that is trying to steal their water.
Director: Howard Hawks. Writers: Leigh Brackett screenplay , Harry Brown novel. Added to Watchlist. From metacritic. Western to watch.
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The Alamo Certificate: Passed Adventure Drama History. Rooster Cogburn The resulting El Dorado myth enticed European explorers for two centuries.
Among the earliest stories was the one told on his deathbed by Juan Martinez, a captain of munitions for Spanish adventurer Diego de Ordaz , who claimed to have visited the city of Manoa.
Martinez had allowed a store of gunpowder to catch fire and was condemned to death, however his friends let him escape downriver in a canoe.
Martinez then met with some local people who took him to the city:. The canoa [sic] was carried down the stream, and certain of the Guianians met it the same evening; and, having not at any time seen any Christian nor any man of that colour, they carried Martinez into the land to be wondered at, and so from town to town, until he came to the great city of Manoa, the seat and residence of Inga the emperor.
The emperor, after he had beheld him, knew him to be a Christian, and caused him to be lodged in his palace, and well entertained. He was brought thither all the way blindfold, led by the Indians, until he came to the entrance of Manoa itself, and was fourteen or fifteen days in the passage.
He avowed at his death that he entered the city at noon, and then they uncovered his face; and that he traveled all that day till night through the city, and the next day from sun rising to sun setting, ere he came to the palace of Inga.
After that Martinez had lived seven months in Manoa, and began to understand the language of the country, Inga asked him whether he desired to return into his own country, or would willingly abide with him.
But Martinez, not desirous to stay, obtained the favour of Inga to depart. The fable of Juan Martinez was founded on the adventures of Juan Martin de Albujar, well known to the Spanish historians of the Conquest; and who, in the expedition of Pedro de Silva , fell into the hands of the Caribs of the Lower Orinoco.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, Europeans, still fascinated by the New World, believed that a hidden city of immense wealth existed. Numerous expeditions were mounted to search for this treasure, all of which ended in failure.
The illustration of El Dorado's location on maps only made matters worse, as it made some people think that the city of El Dorado's existence had been confirmed.
The mythical city of El Dorado on Lake Parime was marked on numerous maps until its existence was disproved by Alexander von Humboldt during his Latin America expedition — Meanwhile, the name of El Dorado came to be used metaphorically of any place where wealth could be rapidly acquired.
It was given to El Dorado County, California , and to towns and cities in various states. It has also been anglicized to the single word Eldorado , and is sometimes used in product titles to suggest great wealth and fortune, such as the Cadillac Eldorado line of luxury automobiles.
El Dorado is also sometimes used as a metaphor to represent an ultimate prize or " Holy Grail " that one might spend one's life seeking.
It could represent true love, heaven, happiness, or success. It is used sometimes as a figure of speech to represent something much sought after that may not even exist, or, at least, may not ever be found.
The other side of the ideal quest metaphor may be represented by Helldorado , a satirical nickname given to Tombstone, Arizona United States in the s by a disgruntled miner who complained that many of his profession had traveled far to find El Dorado, only to wind up washing dishes in restaurants.
Spanish conquistadores had noticed the native people's fine artifacts of gold and silver long before any legend of "golden men" or "lost cities" had appeared.
The prevalence of such valuable artifacts, and the natives' apparent ignorance of their value, inspired speculation as to a plentiful source for them.
Prior to the time of the Spanish conquest of the Muisca and discovery of Lake Guatavita, a handful of expeditions had set out to explore the lowlands to the east of the Andes in search of gold, cinnamon, precious stones, and anything else of value.
During the Klein-Venedig period in Venezuela — , agents of the German Welser banking family which had received a concession from Charles I of Spain launched repeated expeditions into the interior of the country in search of gold , starting with Ambrosius Ehinger 's first expedition in July Spanish explorer Diego de Ordaz , then governor of the eastern part of Venezuela known as Paria named after Paria Peninsula , was the first European to explore the Orinoco river in —32 in search of gold.
After his return he died, possibly poisoned, on a voyage back to Spain. In , he ordered captain Alonso de Herrera to move inland by the waters of the Uyapari River today the town of Barrancas del Orinoco.
Herrera, who had accompanied Ordaz three years before, explored the Meta River but was killed by the indigenous Achagua near its banks, while waiting out the winter rains in Casanare.
The earliest reference to an El Dorado-like kingdom occurred in during Ordaz's expedition when he was told of a kingdom called Meta that was said to exist beyond a mountain on the left bank of the Orinoco River.
Meta was supposedly abundant in gold and ruled by a chief that only had one intact eye. In Hutten led an exploring party of about men, mostly horsemen, from Coro on the coast of Venezuela in search of the Golden City.
After several years of wandering, harassed by the natives and weakened by hunger and fever, he crossed the Rio Bermejo, and went on with a small group of around 40 men on horseback into Los Llanos , where they engaged in battle with a large number of Omaguas and Hutten was severely wounded.
He led those of his followers who survived back to Coro in Welser , were executed in El Tocuyo by the Spanish authorities.
In , Sebastian de Benalcazar , a lieutenant of Francisco Pizarro, interrogated an Indian that had been captured at Quito.
Luis Daza recorded that the Indian was a warrior while Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas wrote that the Indian was an ambassador who had come to request military assistance from the Inca, unaware that they had already been conquered.
The Indian told Benalcazar that he was from a kingdom of riches known as Cundinamarca far to the north where a zipa, or chief, covered himself in gold dust during ceremonies.
In , stories of El Dorado drew the Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada and his army of men away from their mission to find an overland route to Peru and up into the Andean homeland of the Muisca for the first time.
The southern Muisca settlements and their treasures quickly fell to the conquistadors in and Quesada believed this might have been El Dorado and decided to postpone his return to Santa Marta and continue his expedition for another year.
One of his main captains on this journey was Baltasar Maldonado. In , Gonzalo Pizarro , the younger half-brother of Francisco Pizarro , the Spanish conquistador who toppled the Incan Empire in Peru, was made the governor of the province of Quito in northern Ecuador.
Shortly after taking lead in Quito, Gonzalo learned from many of the natives of a valley far to the east rich in both cinnamon and gold.
He banded together soldiers and about natives in and led them eastward down the Rio Coca and Rio Napo. Francisco de Orellana accompanied Pizarro on the expedition as his lieutenant.
Gonzalo quit after many of the soldiers and natives had died from hunger, disease, and periodic attacks by hostile natives.
He ordered Orellana to continue downstream, where he eventually made it to the Atlantic Ocean. The expedition found neither cinnamon nor gold, but Orellana is credited with discovering the Amazon River so named because of a tribe of female warriors that attacked Orellana's men while on their voyage.
After 3 months, the water level had been reduced by 3 metres, and only a small amount of gold was recovered, with a value of — pesos approx.
A notch was cut deep into the rim of the lake, which managed to reduce the water level by 20 metres, before collapsing and killing many of the labourers.
A share of the findings—consisting of various golden ornaments, jewellery and armour—was sent to King Philip II of Spain. He died a poor man, and is buried at the church in the small town of Guatavita.
The lake was drained by a tunnel that emerged in the centre of the lake. The water was drained to a depth of about 4 feet of mud and slime.
Some of these were donated to the British Museum. In , the Colombian government designated the lake as a protected area. Private salvage operations, including attempts to drain the lake, are now illegal.
Between and he carried out his first two expeditions, going through the wild regions of the Colombian plains and the Upper Orinoco.
Berrio took them to the territories he had previously explored by himself years before. Walter Raleigh 's journey with Antonio de Berrio had aimed to reach Lake Parime in the highlands of Guyana the supposed location of El Dorado at the time.
He was encouraged by the account of Juan Martinez, believed to be Juan Martin de Albujar, who had taken part in Pedro de Silva's expedition of the area in , only to fall into the hands of the Caribs of the Lower Orinoco.
Martinez claimed that he was taken to the golden city in blindfold, was entertained by the natives, and then left the city and couldn't remember how to return.
First, he wanted to find the mythical city of El Dorado, which he suspected to be an actual Indian city named Manõa. Second, he hoped to establish an English presence in the Southern Hemisphere that could compete with that of the Spanish.
His third goal was to create an English settlement in the land called Guyana, and to try to reduce commerce between the natives and Spaniards.
In Raleigh sent his lieutenant, Lawrence Kemys , back to Guyana in the area of the Orinoco River, to gather more information about the lake and the golden city.
Kemys described the coast of Guiana in detail in his Relation of the Second Voyage to Guiana  and wrote that indigenous people of Guiana traveled inland by canoe and land passages towards a large body of water on the shores of which he supposed was located Manoa, Golden City of El Dorado.
Though Raleigh never found El Dorado, he was convinced that there was some fantastic city whose riches could be discovered. Finding gold on the riverbanks and in villages only strengthened his resolve.
However, Raleigh, by now an old man, stayed behind in a camp on the island of Trinidad. Watt Raleigh was killed in a battle with Spaniards and Kemys subsequently committed suicide.
On 23 March , Robert Harcourt accompanied by his brother Michael and a company of adventurers, sailed for Guiana.
On 11 May he arrived at the Oyapock River. Local people came on board, and were disappointed at the absence of Sir Walter Raleigh after he had famously visited during his exploration of the area in Harcourt gave them aqua vitae.
He took possession in the king's name of a tract of land lying between the River Amazon and River Essequibo on 14 August, left his brother and most of his company to colonise it, and four days later embarked for England.
In North and Harcourt, obtained letters patent under the great seal from Charles I , authorising them to form a company for "the Plantation of Guiana", North being named as deputy governor of the settlement.
Short of funds, this expedition was fitted out, a plantation established in , and trade opened by North's endeavours.
In , two monks, Acana and Fritz, undertook several journeys to the lands of the Manoas, indigenous peoples living in western Guyana and what is now Roraima in northeastern Brazil.
Although they found no evidence of El Dorado, their published accounts were intended to inspire further exploration.
In April one of the Indian guides returned reporting that in Horstman had crossed over to the Rio Branco and descended it to its confluence with the Rio Negro.
Horstman discovered Lake Amucu on the North Rupununi but found neither gold nor any evidence of a city.
His survey of the local geography, however, provided the basis for other expeditions starting in Between and , Alexander von Humboldt conducted an extensive and scientific survey of the Guyana river basins and lakes, concluding that a seasonally-flooded confluence of rivers may be what inspired the notion of a mythical Lake Parime , and of the supposed golden city on the shore, nothing was found.
A bit later, in , Sir Walter Raleigh, the great inspirer, was beheaded for insubordination and treason. The prospect of real gold overshadowed the illusory promise of "gold men" and "lost cities" in the vast interior of the north.
The gold mine at El Callao Venezuela , started in , a few miles at south of Orinoco River, was for a time one of the richest in the world, and the goldfields as a whole saw over a million ounces exported between and The Orinoco Mining Arc OMA  , officially created on February 24, as the Arco Mining Orinoco National Strategic Development Zone, is an area rich in mineral resources that the Republic of Venezuela has been operating since ;   occupies mostly the north of the Bolivar state and to a lesser extent the northeast of the Amazonas state and part of the Delta Amacuro state.
It has 7, tons of reserves of gold, copper, diamond, coltan, iron, bauxite and other minerals. It appears today that the Muisca obtained their gold in trade, and while they possessed large quantities of it over time, no great store of the metal was ever accumulated.
Members of the expedition were accused of looting historic artifacts  but an official report of the expedition described it as "an ecological survey.
Although it was dismissed in the 19th century as a myth, some evidence for the existence of a lake in northern Brazil has been uncovered.
About years ago this giant lake began to drain due to tectonic movement. In June , a massive earthquake opened a bedrock fault , forming a rift or a graben that permitted the water to flow into the Rio Branco.
Roraima's well-known Pedra Pintada is the site of numerous pictographs dating to the pre-Columbian era. Designs on the sheer exterior face of the rock were most likely painted by people standing in canoes on the surface of the now-vanished lake.
Voltaire 's satire Candide describes a place called El Dorado, a geographically isolated utopia where the streets are covered with precious stones, there exist no priests, and all of the king's jokes are funny.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. South American myth. This article is about the mythical city of gold.
For other uses, see El Dorado disambiguation. Main articles: Muisca people and Muisca mythology. Main article: Spanish conquest of the Muisca.
Further information: Raleigh's El Dorado Expedition.


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On Tuesday, we went to Creswell Crags in Worksop. We were split in to two tribes – the Mammoth and the Cave Lion tribes!
When we got to Creswell Crags, the Mammoth tribe went into the caves first. To get to them, we had to walk around a lake that was in a gorge! They were set into the rocks around the lake. These caves had actually been used as homes by people during the Ice Age. We were allowed into the cave, and found it was incredibly gloomy, smelly and wet. They showed us an animal skull that had been found inside the cave, at the back. Some of us thought the cave was absolutely terrifying and scary, whilst some thought that it was incredibly exciting to be inside caves that were actually lived in by cavemen, thousands and thousands of years ago.
We were also taught survival skills! We had to work together as a team to make a shelter out of really long sticks, firs and rope. In the Stone Age, rope would have been made out of animal guts/ intestine or leather.
Afterwards, we went hunting for food. We practised throwing a spear at a reindeer (don’t worry, it was a cut out of one!). We had to aim for the eye or the neck for an instant kill. We found this really difficult and wondered have survived long!
Once hunting was over, we tried to build a fire to keep us warm and to cook food on. We used a bow, a stick and two different sized pieces of wood – the smaller one to hold the stick in place and the other at the bottom. By moving the bow, we twisted the stick, which created friction. If we were better skilled and had more time, we could have started our fire this way.
We were so lucky to have the sun shining, especially as were were outside for most of the day!


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The Arthur Park District was established in 1951 with the opening of Eberhardt Park. In 1952 Jurgens Park was established just East of Eberhardt Park and the Arthur Community Pool was built in 1980 by the Park District. Brad-O-Clen was given to the Arthur Park District in 1986. The Arthur Park District continues to operate, maintain, and expand these wonderful and unique properties under the guidance and leadership of the Arthur Park District Commissioners and the Park Employees.


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Since 1817 the diocesan seminary has been housed in the former Carmelite monastery in Rottenburg. In 1981 a modern conference building was added to the historic complex. Together, the Johann-Baptist-Hirscher-Haus and the seminary create an architecturally exciting unit in the old town of Rottenburg. The building is located in a peaceful position between the pedestrian precinct and the banks of the idyllic River Neckar.


A symbol of Toronto’s industrial past, the old Weston Bread Factory was built in an age when passions and craft lived at every street corner, authenticity was the mark of a business, and hard work, the calling card of the ambitious. This east end landmark will evolve into Wonder, chic condos, lofts and, towns. Designed to respect and incorporate its industrious past, it’s the perfect home for those who a slice of history along with a dollop of all things modern. Located on Eastern Avenue, steps from the quaint shops and restaurants of Leslieville, 462 Eastern Avenue will convert the former Weston Bread Factory into a charming collection of authentic lofts, condos and townhomes. Pricing Starting From The High $500s.


GROWTH OF THE WEB
Did you know that in 1991 there was only one website in the world? Although difficult to believe, Tim Berners-Lee created the first website less than 30 years ago. It was the start of the approximately one billion websites today.
You can see what the first web page looked like in the image here. It ran on the typical green-on-black CRT monitors. While the hyperlinks to other pages were the brilliance of the newly invented World Wide Web, they weren’t underlined yet. Compared to the looks of the first web page, we’ve come a long way.
Of course this information is not important in creating your new website, but yes, we were creating custom software before the World Wide Web was invented. And no, we didn’t invent it. We were as surprised as everyone else.
The following charts show the growth in the number of websites, a few years at a time.
FROM 1 to 2,000 WEBSITES IN THE WORLD
FROM 1 to 250,000 WEBSITES
FROM 1 to 25,000,000 WEBSITES
FROM 1 to 250,000,000 WEBSITES
FROM 1 to 1 BILLION WEBSITES
OK, back in 2016 there were one billion websites. Come join us now as we work on the next billion.


Last gif, tho.
shrek is the god of self confidence
Somewhere George RR Martin is snapping in Z formation.
Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII - Cast
The Last Of Us: One Night Live.
I can buy you some time, but you have to run.
INTELLIGENCE IS NOT MEASURED IN YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF MATH
it’s been a trying past few days
- Dated: 1546
- Culture: Italian
- Measurements: overall length 127 cm. Blade length 112 cm
- Inscription: engraved in the central fuller with: “X Mediolanum X” for ancient Milan, and on the other side with the date: “X AN. 1546 X”. Chiseled decoration on the Cross-guard, the rain guard and the pommel
The pommel, as well as the cross- and the rain-guard are decorated with a chiseled pattern. The cross-guard is curved and the handle still bears its original leather mount. The central fuller is engraved with the place of origin on one side: "X Mediolanum X", which stand for the ancient Milan and the date on the other side: "X AN. 1546 X". The sword is in great condition considering its age.
… its too early for this bullshit.”
the women are the strong ones, truly.


In 1607, when the English first arrived in Virginia, the area now occupied by Rappahannock was an uncleared primary growth wooded territory inhabited by Native Americans. At the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains, the Manahoacs and Iroquois hunted and fished. As more and more settlers moved into Virginia their economic and, at times, martial competition pushed the native inhabitants west.
Official colonization was possible in 1722 and this opened up the Piedmont section of Virginia. The majority of the early settlers in Rappahannock were not foreign born, but had moved down from northern ports and other regions of Virginia. Rappahannock's new inhabitants were mainly of English descent from the Tidewater region. Other settlers included Scots-Irish from west of the Blue Ridge and Germans from the north and from the Germanna Ford area in modern Spotsylvania and Culpeper Counties. A few Welsh and French also moved into Rappahannock. The French settlers arrived from Manakin, a Huguenot Colony located on the James River. Amissville, one of the villages in Rappahannock County, was named after the Amiss family from the Colony at Manakin.
People from Rappahannock were active participants in the Revolutionary War and the War Between the States. Although during the War Between the States many small skirmishes were scattered throughout the County, the closest major battle occurred in Front Royal, north of Flint Hill. Cavalry raiding was a more typical War Between the States-era Rappahannock activity.
Taking its name from the river that has its source in the small streams in the Blue Ridge Mountains, Rappahannock became separate from Culpeper County by an Act of the General Assembly in 1833. The five villages, Amissville, Chester Gap, Flint Hill, Sperryville, Woodville, and the Town of Washington have significant historical value. Washington is the County seat. Fondly called “the first Washington”, and somewhat less politely referred to as “little Washington” to distinguish it from its larger cousin, it was surveyed and plotted by George Washington in 1749 and was established as a town in 1796. The villages of Rappahannock were frontier posts or crossroads. Today, these small residential clusters represent a focal point for County residents providing retail services, meeting places, post offices, and church activities. As it was in the 1700's, Rappahannock's economy is still agriculturally based with the surrounding villages providing basic services for the farms.
Rappahannock County is in the northern portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Washington, the County seat, is about 65 miles southwest of Washington, DC, and 120 miles northwest of Richmond, the State Capitol. The County extends north and south 24 miles and east and west about 21 miles. It has an area of approximately 267 square miles. The northwestern boundary is in the Blue Ridge Mountains and separates the County from Page and Warren Counties. The Rappahannock River forms the northeastern boundary and separates the County from Fauquier County. The County is bounded on the southeast by Culpeper County and on the southwest by Madison County.
The County's residents have strong economic and social ties with jurisdictions on all sides, although the western boundary of the Blue Ridge historically has acted to lessen contacts with Page County as opposed to the more direct accessibility of Warrenton in Fauquier County, Culpeper in the County of the same name, and Front Royal in Warren County which while over the Blue Ridge, is nevertheless served by a primary road providing relatively easy access. This in turn has led to a regionalization of many trading activities by County residents, people in the northern portion of the County (Flint Hill, Chester Gap) are more apt to shop, bank and attend events in Front Royal, while persons in the south and west (Sperryville, Woodville) often patronize Culpeper establishments, and persons in the east (Amissville, Washington) tend to favor Warrenton businesses.
Rappahannock County enjoys a temperate, comfortable climate with generally mild winters and warm summers. Basically, the County's climate is controlled by the Blue Ridge Mountain range to the west and the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay to the east. Winters in the County are rigorous but not severe and summer temperatures are moderate.
Although detailed climatological data are not available for Rappahannock County, they are for Culpeper County and the results are generally applicable. While Rappahannock County's temperature is similar to that of Culpeper County, temperatures are generally 2-3 degrees lower. During the 1951-1990 period, the mean temperature was 56 degrees. July was the warmest month with temperatures averaging 78 degrees. December was the coldest month with an average temperature of 37. The number of days with temperatures greater than 90 degrees has ranged from 16 in 1962 to 76 in 1943. The temperature falls below freezing 20-23 days a month during the winter months and reaches zero often enough to average one day per year.
Rainfall is well distributed throughout the year with the maximum in July and August and the minimum in February. Nearly 40 days each year have thunderstorm activity that is normal for the State. The average snowfall is 17 inches a year, but yearly amounts are extremely variable and range from zero to 45 inches.
South to southwest winds predominate, with secondary frequency from a northerly direction. Relative humidity varies inversely with temperatures being typically high in the mornings and low in the afternoons.
The typical growing season (from the last freeze in spring to the first freeze in autumn) is 181 days. Freezes usually do not occur between April 20 and October 18. However, freezing temperatures have occurred as late as May 17 and as early as September 25.
Rappahannock County occupies a topographic position ranging from 360 to 3,720 feet above mean sea level. The lowest point in the County is where the Rappahannock River crosses into Culpeper County. The highest point is the Pinnacle, which is located in the southwestern part of the County on the Page County boundary.
Altitudes in the Blue Ridge province primarily range from 1,000 to 3,500 feet. Most of the Blue Ridge province is well drained, but some small areas of colluvial material at the foot of the mountains are poorly drained.


History meets nature at Vizcaya Museum & Gardens, located just 20 minutes from Eloquence Resort.
Originally built in 1916, Vizcaya is one of Miami’s most well-recognized historical landmarks.
Vizcaya was first the home of American industrialist James Deering, becoming a public museum shortly after his death. The beautiful gardens are decorated with elements from Renaissance, Italian, and French designs and the home was originally built to resemble an Italian Estate.
The gardens offer all sorts of exciting events and activities. Take a stroll through the moonlight on one of their Moonlight Garden Tours or catch on of their many special performances and talks that are hosted there.
Guided tours are offered daily at 11:30 am, 12:30 pm, 1:30 pm, and 2:30pm.
Photo from Fauxology
Vizcaya is open daily (except Tuesdays) from 9:30am-4:30pm.
Vizcaya Museum and Gardens
3251 South Miami Avenue
Miami, Florida 33129


How to Find Out the History of an Everett Home – The town of Everett Washington is full of gorgeous historic homes that tell a story of the past. When you move into a historic house you become part of one of the many stories that the house holds. But how can you find out about the specific stories of your historic Everett home? Beyond the actual date the house was built included on the mortgage paperwork, how can you find out about your home’s past?
EPLS archives and the Northwest history room
One of the first places you should look for information on a historical Everett home is the Northwest History Room of the Everett public library.
Here you will find a digital archive that can be searched for many years of historical information. The library’s entire historical archives are not represented in this digital collection, but a careful keyword search can help you to find some historical treasure gems.
If you talk with one of the librarians that specialize in history at the Everett library you may just be able to dig a little bit more with their help. You could access the Pulse Directories that are similar to telephone books.
They list names, occupations, and addresses of former residents of the city of Everett. This is one of the greatest tools to figuring out who lived in the home before you did. With the help of a librarian who is willing, you may even be able to find a complete list of everyone who has ever lived in your home prior to you.
Public land records found at the city of Everett offices
The city keeps public records on file that are accessible online. Pull up the address search link and you can search for your specific address to see permits and applications going back to the earliest days of the 1900s. Not every single city record is available online. For records that you may not be able to find online you can email the city for a more thorough search of your home’s records. You could even end up finding who built your home or had your home built and who they were as part of society.
Upon finding the name of the person that built your house or had your house built you may even be getting to search further into their personal history and find out more about them.
Searching ancestry.com and newspapers.com
This might cost a small fee to get into certain areas of ancestry.com or in some cases if you have a public library card you may be able to access areas of ancestry.com that would otherwise charge a fee for access. ancestry.com can help you look up a particular person and find census data, birth certificates, draft records, and sometimes a yearbook photo from school. It could help you see into the lives of the people that lived in your home before you.
Newspapers.com is a subscription-based service that will give incidental information about specific people. It can tell you any news stories that may have been written about a person or any public record information like birth announcements, engagement and marriage announcements, or obituaries.
Learning about the actual historic architecture
You can also look up the exact type of historic home that you are living in and discover certain features of the home and other things that may be original to the home. This can help you discover a large amount of information about what is in your home that was standing there from day one when it was built. For example, if you live in a historic Everett craftsman home you may find features like a clawfoot tub or built-in cabinetry that have been there since the home was originally built.
More Information for Local Residents
- Simple Steps to Home Buying
- How to Buy an Older Home in North Everett
- 10 Ways Homeowners ‘Trick’ Buyers in the Inspection
- 5 Things to Know About Buying a Historic Home
- The Importance of a Home Warranty
- What to know about the first year of homeownership
- How to Make an Offer on an REO Property


The Corporate Educational Agency, Diocese of Kothamangalam has decided to begin B.A. Degree Course in History in Newman College, Thodupuzha in 1967. It was started as a double main course with History and Economics papers. The Head of the Department at the inception was Sri. Jacob Mathew.
Curricular Design & Syllabus
The Department of History has a syllabus that divided into Six Semesters. As the department is bound to the university rules, we have to follow the syllabus prepared by the Board of Studies, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam.
The syllabus touches different aspects of history like Methodology and Perspectives of Social Science Research, Kerala History and Culture; Indian History divided into Ancient, Medieval and Modern periods; World History of the Ancient, Medieval and Modern periods etc. In addition to this, the Department also offering Open and Choice Based Courses to the students. The Open Course offered in the 5th semester is
Social Implications of Modern Revolutions. Students from 8 other programmes attend the Open Course offered by this department. Similarly, the history students are given choice to participate in the open course offered by other Departments of our college.
|2||History Through Cinema||Lecture||15/02/2009|
|3||Philosophy of History||Workshop||21/07/2010|
|5||Challenges to Secularism in India||Seminar||10/02/2011|
|6||Approaches to History||Seminar||12/07/2011|
|7||Historical background of Renaissance||Seminar||26/08/2011|
|8||Political History of Kerala||Lecture||30/03/2012|
|10||Indian Environmental History||Seminar||24-25/05/2014|
|11||Tourism Development and Environment||Seminar||15-16/02/2017|


German Army Trainers, or GATs, are making a comeback. Originally designed for military use, these sneakers have become a cult favorite among sneakerheads and fashion enthusiasts alike. In recent years, GATs have seen a surge in popularity, and for good reason. In this blog post, we’ll explore the history and appeal of German Army Trainers and why they’re back in style.
History of German Army Trainers
German Army Trainers have a rich history that dates back to the 1970s. Originally designed for the German military, these sneakers were made with durability and comfort in mind. The shoes were built to withstand the harsh conditions of military training and were made from high-quality materials that could handle rough terrain.
In the 1980s, GATs gained popularity among civilians in Germany and became a symbol of fashion and style. The shoes were embraced by punks, skinheads, and other subcultures, and their popularity continued to grow throughout the 90s and early 2000s.
Why German Army Trainers Are Popular Again
So, why are GATs making a comeback? There are a few reasons.
Timeless Design: One of the main reasons GATs have remained popular over the years is their timeless design. The shoes have a sleek, minimalist look that pairs well with a variety of outfits. They’re versatile enough to wear with casual clothes, but also look great with more formal attire.
Comfort: Another reason GATs have become popular again is their comfort. The shoes are made from high-quality materials, including leather and suede, and are designed to provide excellent support and cushioning. They’re great for everyday wear and can handle long hours of walking or standing.
Sustainability: As more people become aware of the environmental impact of fast fashion, there’s a growing demand for sustainable clothing and footwear. GATs are made from durable materials and are designed to last, making them a more sustainable option than cheaper, disposable sneakers.
Nostalgia: For many people, GATs represent a nostalgic throwback to a bygone era. They’re a reminder of a time when fashion was less commercialized and more focused on personal style.
German Army Trainers have stood the test of time and continue to be a popular choice for fashion enthusiasts around the world. With their timeless design, comfort, sustainability, and nostalgic appeal, it’s no wonder GATs are making a comeback. Whether you’re a sneakerhead or just looking for a comfortable, stylish pair of sneakers, German Army Trainers are definitely worth considering.


PubsIs this your business? Claim now!
18-20 West Street, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, PE8 4EF
We welcome you to our historic inn Our traditional English pub dating from the 16th century is found at the heart of the historic...
real ales, home cooked food, accommodation, Pub, Function Room, Events, Inn, English Inn


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2 bath, 2431 sq ft house located at 1808 county road 1850, urbana, il 61802 view sales history, tax history, home value estimates, and overhead views apn. Genealogy for adam nees (1808 - 1850) family tree on geni, with over 175 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. History of events 1800-1850 the impotation of slaves was outlawed but beetween 1808-1860 more than 2,000 slaves were imported illegaly feb 1, 1808. 1808-1850 holste - 1808-1850 holste, northbrook, il this industrial is for lease on loopnetcom aggressively priced sub-lease available in northern cook county. Genealogical publishing company 7,000 hudson-mohawk valley (ny) vital records, 1808-1850 - in the towns and cities of new york, prior to 1880, official records of.
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As the 2017 edition of Ilobu Day celebration approaches, one of the brilliant and industrious sons of the community, Dare Alabi has taken it upon himself to educate and enlighten the public about the rich historical background of the ancient town.
Here is his write up
Ilobu, is the headquarter of Irepodun Local Government, Osun State, it has a chequered history. Ilobu is an ancient town with remarkable history. The site of llobu had been occupied since the 16th century.
Ilobu was founded by Laarosin, a native of Oyo, he was a great hunter and undoubtedly, the expeditions were no easy tasks. On one of such occasions, he went as far as Iregba, where he stayed for some time.
Guided by his oracle, Laarosin finally settled on a virgin land later known as llobu. He engaged in farming and hunting. His activities soon attracted people from far and near. Discovered at the site was kind of a substitute to salt called ‘OBU-O-TOYO’. It was a mineral deposit that people needed to spice their cooking. Traders and travellers started referring to the settlement as ILU-OBU-O- OTOYO. It was from the mineral that llobu derived its name.The accommodating nature of Laarosin (and his descendants) enhanced the growth of the town. His fame as a very great hunter, warrior and diviner soon spread to far and near. Hence, more people came to settle with him. The town equally served as a place where traders and travellers can rest.
Ilobu was in the ‘IBOLO’ Province of Yoruba proper. Ilobu was one of the four provinces of Yoruba proper. Others were Ekun Otun, Ekun Osi and Epo. These provinces were created by Oyo lle, which was founded by the Famous Oranmiyan, a grandson of Odudua. The founding father of llobu, Laarosin, was from the ancient City (Oyo Ile). The important towns in the Ibolo province (as mentioned by the famous historian, Rev. Samuel Johnson) were Iresa, llobu, Ofa, Oyan, Okuku, Ikirun, Ido and Ejigbo.
In the 19th Century there was a series of civil wars that plagued the Yoruba land. Ilobu was affected in more than one ways. A newly appointed Balogun of Ibadan was directed to carry out an attack on llobu. The bravery, the diplomacy of the people of llobu and the support of Elepo on Ibadan warriors saved the situation. The impeding attack was warded off. It featured prominently in the oral tradition of llobu, that the town was never conquered nor sacked by any group of enemies. No wonder, there is
one and only ILOBU. Unlike some other town, which required the use of appellations to be able to distinguish one from the other.
Records show that llobu served as a war camp in the last century. As a war strategy, the town was walled, evidence of which can be seen till today. The attack being carried out by the Fulani warriors by the mid-19th Century in the Yoruba land created feelings of insecurity. To check the attack by the Fulanis/ llorins, the Ibadan warriors under the leadership of Chief Akintola set up a war camp at llobu. The Ibadans found among the people of llobu brave allies. When Ilu-Aro, a town behind llobu was conquered by the Fulanis (llorins), Chief Akintola gathered his Soldiers, chased and intercepted them (Fulanis) as they were returning with captives and booties. The Fulanis lost many men and war materials while the victorious Soldiers returned triumphantly to llobu. Feelings of security prevailed in the town of llobu. No wonder a member of the royal family of Ifon-Ile had to leave IBALE and request for a place closer to llobu for settlement, and Olobu granted his request. He then founded Ifon-Osun.
A group of people from Erin-lle (who came during the wake of Fulani wars) on noticing a safe atmosphere at llobu requested from Olobu a place for settlement. Olugbobamu of Gbomamu in Ilobu, acting on the directive of Olobu, granted their leader, Oba Oyagbodun, a place for settlement on his family land.
Several facts abound to further reinforce the fact that Ilobu was the first to settle at her present site amongst the 3 towns that constituted the old Irepodun.
The FIRST customary court which served the people of llobu, Ifon- Osun and Erin–Osun was established in 1924.
The FIRST school serving about five towns including Ifon-Osun and Erin-Osun was built at llobu in 1928. The school was then called United Central School, llobu. It later become the FIRST Secondary Modern School in the area in 1955. It has since risen to the status of Secondary Grammar School by name St. Paul’s Grammar School, llobu and now a Middle school as a result of government policy.
The FIRST Church, which served the three communities was built in llobu in 1909. It was called St. Michael’s Anglican Church, llobu. In fact, Christianity was brought to Ilobu and the other Communities from Ghana by one Pa. Josiah Ogundele, an llobu man.
The first students’ library, a well equipped Library was built by the llobu Community in 1960 to serve the three communities. The said library was taken over, rebuilt and stocked by Irepodun Local Government on St Paul’s field, Ilobu to cater for the 3 communities without any compensation whatsoever.
The FIRST University Graduate from the Communities of llobu, Ifon-Osun and Erin-Osun came from llobu; Alhaji Kola Rufai of blessed mememory.
The formation of a standard and sustainable students union was first founded by students of Ilobu in higher institutions in 1991and named Ilobu National Students’ Union with Alhaji Isiaq Awotunde as the first coordinator.
The first community based ultra-modern hall was built in Ilobu, by Ilobu Descendants’Union in 1994.
Need to add, that the first story building in the entire Osogbo Federal Constituency; Irepodun, Orolu, Olorunda and Osogbo Local Government was built by Pa Taiwo Joseph, opposite the present post office, Dagbolu in Ilobu in the year 1909.
The first secondary school in the geographical expression called Irepodun Local Government was founded in Ilobu in the year 1972 with Alhaji Jamiyu Ishola Adepoju as the pioneer Principal.
Ilobu agbe wa o!
Copied, edited and fleshed


The Civil War Round Table
Of Linden High School
Welcome to the Official Homepage of Linden High School's Civil War Roundtable
Yearbook pictures for the Round Table will be taken on Tuesday, February 2 at 11:45. Passes will be distributed during homeroom.
Audio recording of January 13's Guest Speaker is now available, transcript in progress.
Date for the next member meeting will be posted in the near future.
Those members that have not turned in dues yet are requested to do so at their earliest convenience.


Home — Schedule — Tournament Stats — Tournament History
Welcome to the home page for the 93rd Annual Chuck Dayton Holiday Classic. There are many High School Holiday Tournaments in the State of Illinois, but none as old and continuous as the Chuck Dayton Holiday Tournament. The tournament was started in 1928 by NIU’s Varsity Club members. in 1942, Chuck Dayton came to DeKalb High School and later became DeKalb’s first Athletic Director. Chuck Dayton was involved in the Holiday Tournament for 30 years, and was probably the one most important force in the success of the DeKalb Holiday Tournament. “Chuck” has influenced the lives of many young men in his teaching and coaching career, and we are eternally grateful for his assistance and leadership. Mr. Dayton retired in 1971 after 37 years in education and coaching. After retirement, Chuck attended all of the Holiday Tournaments until he passed away in 1998. Because of his dedication and support to the Tournament, this Holiday Tournament will forever be known as the Chuck Dayton Holiday Tournament.


(This article was printed in the New York Times Opinion section on December 4th, 2017)
When I first visited eastern Congo in 2006, it was difficult to understand how anyone could be hopeful about the region’s future. The Congolese had just emerged from a decade of some of the worst violence the world had known since World War II: More than 3.5 million people died as a result of conflict, according to estimates. The genocide in neighboring Rwanda had flooded the region with over a million refugees, including fleeing armed combatants. The emergence of militias and the near-collapse of the Congolese state resulted in a protracted struggle. Civilians were caught in the crossfire, causing massive internal displacement and suffering. Read the full piece on nytimes.com.


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Veterans Day 2021
Keynote speaker Dr. Josh Cannon, who served as an Arabic Cryptologic Linguist with the Marine Corps during two tours in Iraq, speaks to the public on the significance of soldier memorials in history during the Mt. Lebanon Veterans Day 2021 ceremony.
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There’s been talking about sunscreen in the computing world when discussing what was the initial computer invented.
For years, the accepted pioneer of your digital age was the ENIAC, short for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer, perhaps because tale became media frenzy associated with progress was one worthy for tabloids and tv.
As World War II was creating any close, InventHelp Successful Inventions the Army had run less than mathematicians and were willing how to obtain a patent recruit women. Six women were accepted to on “Project PX” at the University of Pennsylvania’s Moore School of Electrical Engineering, under John Mauchly and L. Presper Eckert. The women’s job was to program firing tables and ballistic trajectories using ENIAC. Their work laid the groundwork for shows. The completed machine was unveiled on Feb. 14, 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania. Within the armed forces had funded the cost of almost $500,000. It occupied about 1,800 square feet and used about 18,000 vacuum tubes, patent invention weighing almost 50 a great deal. It is widely considered to function as first computer invented, considering its highly functional status from the late 1950s.
However, its “first” status was challenged in court when Rand Corp. bought the ENIAC patent and started charging royalties. Honeywell Incorporated. refused to pay and challenged the patent in 1968. It was learned that Mauchly, amongst the leaders of the Project PX at the University of Pennsylvania, had seen a beginning prototype of a system being built at the Iowa State College called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer.
Professor John Vincent Atanasoff and graduate student Cliff Berry began development close to the ABC in 1937 and it continued to be developed until 1942 at the Iowa State College (now Iowa State University). Eventually, it could solve equations containing 29 variables.
In 1973, You.S. Federal Judge Earl R. Larson released his decision that the ENIAC patent by Mauchly and Eckert was invalid and the ABC was the first computer manufactured. However, the ABC was never fully functional, so the favorite opinion to equipment has the ENIAC as the first electronic computing device. The Smithsonian Institute’s Museum of American History in Washington displays most in the remains of the ENIAC, alongside fecal material the ABC.
However, there’s another twist to this tale. The most rudimentary computer is an electronic digital device designed to data, perform prescribed mathematical and logical operations and display the results. Germany’s Konrad Zuse created what was critically the first programmable calculator in the mid-1930s in his parent’s living room. Zuse’s Z1 had 64-word memory and a clock speed of 1 Hz. Programming the the Z1 required the user to insert tape into a punch tape reader and then receive his results through a punch tape dispenser – making it possibly the first computer invented.


About The Dr. Kobros Foundation
Adventuring in America
Born in 1867, Ragnar Kobros spent his early years in the provincial capital of Christiania. In 1885, he embarked on a great journey; crossing the Atlantic and the United States to reach the still untamed new territories. There, he would start life anew and build a business empire of his own.
In the years to come, Ragnar made a fortune selling Dr. Kobros® branded snake oil and enema machines to the ointment-hungry residents of the Wild West from his relentlessly growing fleet of snake oil wagons traveling between the settlements.
By 1900 the west was not so wild anymore, and the people had gotten enough of Kobros and his snake oil. He returned to Norway, a self made millionaire and now a hero to the common people struggling daily under the harsh rule of the Swedish colonial authority.
The people's hero
Ragnar Kobros funded and organized a resistance movement. His methods were peaceful, but when the Swedish oppressors responded to Kobros' peaceful protests with guns he was forced to switch methods. He employed terror tactics and waged guerrilla warfare from the mountains. During this period he also met his wife, who gave birth to a son, Ragnar II, in 1904.
The greedy and evil Swedes were finally forced into submission in 1905, and Norway gained it's independence. Dr. Kobros led a movement to establish a republic with himself as the president, but when the newly formed state was threatened by a civil war between Kobros' republicans and the monarchists, it was time for him to step down.
Dr. Kobros' intention was to retire and live a simpler life, but the Great War was an opportunity he could not let pass by. Between 1914 and 1918 Kobros sold loads of "wonder weapons" to all warring parties. And after the war, when the Spanish Flu struck, his was the medicine that gave hope to millions.
An economic empire
During the interwar years, the family business empire flourished. Many subsidiaries of the Dr. Kobros company were found. Ragnar Kobros became the wealthiest man in Norway.
Ragnar II, groomed by his father to be his successor, proved himself by investing on the roaring stock markets of the 1920s. Young Ragnar saw the economic bubble as it was, and on October 28, 1929, he began to sell. Next day, on the famous Black Tuesday, his actions caused the Wall Street crash; but not before Ragnar II had escaped with his well-earned millions.
During the great depression of the 30s Ragnar Kobros again sensed the winds of change. He chose to invest in the rebuilding of Germany under it's new energetic leadership, and when another war began, the company -- now lead by Ragnar's son -- greeted it as another vast opportunity.
Fighting the Nazis
The national socialists, however, chose to betray the Kobros family. To capture the Dr. Kobros heavy water installations and to secure the transportation of iron ore mined in the Kobros mines of Sweden from the harbors operated by the Kobros economic empire, Germany invaded Norway. Ragnar II orchestrated the timely escape of the royal family to England. Ragnar's own family, his wife and his son Ragnar III, followed the king to exile, but Ragnar himself chose to stay.
Again, a member of the Kobros family organized a resistance movement. Even when the nazis seized all Kobros assets and threatened to execute his father whom they had captured, Ragnar II did not give up. He knew that this great evil had to be fought (and the documents proving their earlier businesses with said evil had to be rescued from their Oslo offices, now serving as a Gestapo HQ).
Ragnar sabotaged his own heavy water plant with a heavy heart, thus preventing the Germans from obtaining an atomic bomb. This was the last straw for Josef Terboven, the Reichskomissar of occupied Norway, who now made good on his threat and had Ragnar's elderly father shot dead. It was a terrible sacrifice, but one willingly made for the greater good of the company and it's assets.
In the last, chaotic days of the war, Ragnar and his men marched into Oslo, liberating the company's premises and the people of the city. The documents were safe.
Founding the Foundation
The second world war struck a devastating blow on Dr. Kobros. Most of their assets around Europe were reduced to rubble, and what was still standing in the East was quickly dismantled by the Soviet Union. Ragnar II, his spirit crushed by the death of his beloved father and his health diminished by the war years, stepped down as CEO and Chairman in favor of his young son, Ragnar III.
Ragnar III, wise beyond his years, decided to again concentrate on the Kobros' core business: snake oil. It had been an error, he claimed, to branch out. Ragnar III swiftly reorganized the whole Kobros corporate hierarchy, devicing an ingenious web of companies and other entities culminating in the Dr. Kobros Foundation. Much was lost, but at least they were now free from the grip of corporate taxation.
Today and in the future
Founded in remembrance of his grandfather, the greatest snake oil peddler of all time, the Dr. Kobros Foundation is firmly and solely dedicated to the promotion of snake oil and snake oil related products worldwide.
Currently lead by chairman Ragnar Kobros III and interim CEO Gaylord L. Lohiposki, the foundation has lately been focusing on the Internet. It's proved itself to be an unprecedented marketing channel for snake oil.


Sallie Ann The Civil War Dog – Serving Both Man and Country
Sallie Ann is Jarrett is a civil war hero with four paws and is one of the most famous dogs in American history. She was a bull terrier with a brindle coat, born in 1861 and was given by a civilian to the Captain of Company 1 of the Eleventh Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers when she was a just a pup.
The New Mascot
The company immediately decided that she would be their official mascot and named her in honor of two people that influenced them – a pretty young lady who visited them from time to time to chat and their colonel, Phaon Jarrett.
Sallie Ann soon became accustomed to her new life and her new friends. She eventually learned the drills with the recruits and became a legend as a member of the Union Army in the Civil War. Eventually, she learned to take her place at the head of the regiment alongside the commander. When her regiment was shipped to the south in April 1862, they took their one-year-old mascot with them.
Steadfast and loyal
Sallie was loyal and brave. She would never touch the rations of the men unless given to her. This amazing dog would guard sacks of meat or stand by while fresh beef was being served and never touch it for she knew that the men will never let her suffer. She would patiently wait until they fed her.
Sallie experienced her first combat of the Civil War at Cedar Mountain. She faithfully stayed with the men during the battle. Incredibly, she did not panic under enemy fire. She encouraged the men by grabbing at the bullets as they struck the dirt.
Sallie became pregnant five times during her career but each time, she never abandoned her duties, only nursing her pups after drills or marches. When the puppies grew, the men sent them to loving families while Sallie remained in the field.
I visited Gettysburg recently and came across Sallie’s statue at the foot of a memorial to the 11th Pennsylvania regiment. The story of Sallie in the Battle of Gettysburg was one that I’ll never forget.
Early on in the battle, the Rebel Army had the Union on it’s heels and the 11th Pennsylvania Regiment suffered a large number of losses. They were forced to retreat through the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
Sallie was thought to have been killed in battle but she was found several days later in a location where a portion of the battle had taken place. She stayed with her injured and deceased comrades, watching over their bodies and licking their wounds.
In Loving Memory
In February 1865, Sallie was killed in combat when she was struck by a bullet that went to her brain. Her comrades buried her on the spot, foregoing their weapons even amidst murderous gunfire.
In 1890, when the veterans of her regiment erected their monument at Gettysburg, a life-size bronze statue of Sallie was included. It was placed on a granite pedestal in a place of honor in front of the monument.


Edwin Black recently completed an investigation of the Jonathan Pollard affair commissioned by the Jewish Investigative Journalism Fund and published by the New York Jewish Week, Northern California Jewish Bulletin and some 20 other Jewish newspapers. His efforts, which included an exclusive interview with Pollard in prison, yielded an 8,800-word article, that was edited by the newspaper group into a 5,500-word article which was then edited again for size, content and style by each newspaper according to its own format and editorial needs. The complete unedited version of the investigation can be read online at History News Network and the Jewish Forward. An 800-word perspective was published by the New York Daily News, Miami Herald and numerous other major metropolitan daily newspapers, and the unedited version of that is also at History News Network. A special commentary was published by numerous newspapers including the Chicago Jewish News.
Read the Commentary
Chicago Jewish News


JOHNSON : Liverpool, Cheshire, Stoke-on-Trent and Wolverhampton
My great-great-great-great grandfather was Michael Frederick Johnson, a sail maker, born c1770 outside the British Isles. Records show that he was known by his second name, Frederick, and his occupation is variously given as mariner (1804), rigger (1806), sail-maker (1841) and provisions dealer (1850).
On 22 August 1804 by licence at St Peter’s, Liverpool, he married Ann Eccles, daughter of John and Ann Eccles, born in 1784 at Bartington in the parish of Great Budworth, Cheshire.
Their children included George (born 25 Feb 1806, bp at St Peter’s Liverpool 6 April 1806); John (born 23 Nov 1807, bp St Peter’s Liverpool 24 Apr 1808); my direct forebear, Peter, born on 29 January 1810 at Barnton, close to his mother’s village on the Grand Trunk Canal (Trent & Mersey); Charles (bp at Little Leigh, Cheshire, on 11 August 1816); and Mary (bp at Little Leigh on 11 July 1819).
On the 1841 census Frederick and Ann Johnson were living beside the River Trent at Whielding’s (or Whieldon’s) Row, Fenton Vivian, Stoke-on-Trent:
Frederick Johnson, aged 70, sailmaker, place of birth ‘Foreign’
Ann Johnson, aged 55
Mary Johnson, aged 20, dress maker.
(Whielding’s Row, also recorded as Whieldon's Row, was in the vicinity of present-day Old Whieldon Road, just below the bridge across the Trent and Mersey Canal.)
The Johnsons' son Charles died at Whieldon's Row in February 1845, aged 28; followed by his father Michael Frederick Johnson, who died here on 22 October 1850, aged 79. The death certificate gives Michael Frederick's occupation as a provisions dealer. His daughter Mary Walker, of Wharf Street, Shelton, was present at his death, the cause of which was unknown. He was buried on 26 October in a common grave in area 'D' of St Peter's churchyard, Stoke-on-Trent.
On the 1851 census, his widow Ann Johnson was recorded living alone at Whieldon Row, Fenton Vivian. Her age was shown as 68 and her place of birth as Budworth, Cheshire. On the 1861 census she was with her son John (below) in Wolverhampton. She died in September 1863, aged 78, in the Spittals (Stoke upon Trent Union Workhouse) and was buried in the same churchyard as her husband.
Her daughter Mary had married John Walker in 1845, and by 1851 had two small sons. The census records her living at Wharf Street, Shelton:
Mary Walker, 32, wife, born Barnton, Cheshire
William, son, 5, scholar, born Shelton
Edwin, son, 3, scholar, born Shelton
Alexander Walker, relative, 22, ag. labourer, born Burton
Joseph (illegible), relative, 20, boatman, born Middlewich, Cheshire.
The family later moved to Burton-on-Trent, where a third son, Robert Hallam Walker, was born in 1853.
Frederick and Ann Johnson’s son George (born 1806) married Ann Cotton at Stoke-on-Trent on 18 July 1825. On the 1841 census their family was living at Berry Street, Penkhull, Stoke:
George Johnson, aged 35, boatman
Ann, aged 35
Harriett, aged 15, transferor
Frederick, aged 14, boatman’s help
Matilda, aged 12, painter’s help
John, aged 8
Ann, aged 6
Elizabeth, aged 2
George, aged 6mths.
Children baptised at Stoke-on-Trent: Harriett 19 May 1826; Frederick 5 Aug 1827; Matilda 8 Feb 1829; and Henry 23 Jan 1831. Two more sons, both named George, died in infancy.
On the 1851 census they were living beside the canal at Newton in Cheshire:
George Johnson, aged 45, agent to Bridgewater trunk (canal), born Liverpool
Ann, wife, aged 46, born Yarmouth, Norfolk
Ann, daughter, aged 15, employed at home, born Stoke-on-Trent
Elizabeth, daughter, aged 12, scholar, born Stoke-on-Trent
Mary, daughter, aged 8, scholar, born Wolverhampton
*Edwin, son, aged 4, scholar, born Wolverhampton
Reuben, son, aged 2, scholar, born Etruria, Staffordshire.
*Edwin was baptised at St Peter’s, Wolverhampton, on 10 October 1846. A sister, Emma, was baptised there 30 August 1845. The register gives the address for both as Horsley Fields, and father’s occupation as boatman.
George Johnson later became a hay and corn dealer, dying in 1889 at Lewin Lane, Middlewich, where his youngest son, Reuben, was landlord of the White Horse Inn. His wife Ann had died ten years earlier in 1879, aged 74. Both are buried in Middlewich cemetery.
George Johnson's younger brother was my direct forebear Peter (born 1810) a canal boatman who married Mary Wardle at Stoke-on-Trent on 21 October 1833.
• Mary Wardle was baptised at Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent, on 13 September 1812, the daughter of William and Sarah. Her brother Job had been baptised on 17 February 1811. William Wardle and Sarah Smith were married at Norton-in-the-Moors, just north of Burslem, on 24 September 1809. The parish register gives bride's parish as Stoke.
On the 1851 census Peter Johnson’s family was living at 2 Montrose Street, Wolverhampton, adjacent to the canal:
Peter Johnson, head, aged 41, boatman, born Cheshire
Mary, wife, aged 40, born Shelton (Stoke-on-Trent) Staffordshire
Emma, daughter, aged 17, born Bucklow Hill, Cheshire - my great-great-grandmother
Sarah Ann, daughter, aged 15, born Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs
Frederick, son, aged 13, born Sandbach, Cheshire
Eliza, daughter, aged 10, born Sandbach
Maria, daughter, aged 8, born Sandbach
Allen, son, aged 5, born Stoke-on-Trent
Peter, son, aged 2, born Stoke-on-Trent
Mary, daughter, aged 2 mths, born Wolverhampton.
Peter Johnson’s brother John and his family were living close by at 69 Springfields, Wolverhampton (see end note).
The family were still at Montrose Street for the 1861 census:
Peter Johnson, head, aged 50, boatman employing 3 men; born
Mary, wife, aged 48, born Handley (sic), Staffs
Eliza, daughter, aged 20, domestic servant; born Sandbach
Allen, son, aged 15, blacksmith’s apprentice; born Stoke
Peter, son, aged 12, scholar; born Stoke
Mary J., daughter, aged 10, scholar; born Wolverhampton
William, son, aged 8; born Wolverhampton.
• For details of children, see end notes.
My great-great-grandmother Emma was baptised at Rostherne, Cheshire, on 24 August 1834. Her first marriage took place at St Mary’s, Wolverhampton, on 30th May 1852 to a widower, John Whitehurst. Her age was shown as 18, and both were living in Springfields. Her parents Peter and Mary Johnson were witnesses. On 24 October 1852 Emma and her husband were godparents to her youngest sister, Mary Jane, baptised at St Mary’s. On the 1861 census they were living at Boothen Road, Stoke-on-Trent: John Whitehurst aged 36, a railway labourer, born at Wolverhampton; his wife Emma, aged 26, born at Buckley Hill; and their two sons, both born at Stoke, Job aged 2 and Peter aged 3 months. Both sons were still living with Emma in 1881.
• Peter Whitehurst married Caroline Jenkins in 1886, and their children included Frank, Ernest and Dora Elizabeth. In 1901 he was employed as an insurance agent, living at Ranelagh Road, Blakenhall, Wolverhampton. His brother Job married Lydia Edgerton in 1882 and their children included Mary, John, Elizabeth and Job. In 1901 they were living at Skegby, Nottinghamshire, where Job was employed as a mine timberer. He died in 1931.
John Whitehurst died sometime after 1861, and his widow Emma’s second marriage took place, again at St Mary’s, Wolverhampton, on 31 March 1867. The marriage certificate incorrectly spells her bridegroom’s name as Henry Toft. His age is given as 19, occupation collier; father Thomas Toft, locksmith. Emma is shown as a widow, full age (she was about 33); father Peter Johnson, boatman. Both were living at Montrose Street. Their witnesses were the bride’s brother and sister, Allen Johnson and Sarah Ann Guest.
My great-grandfather, William Thomas Tufft, their first son, was born in October that year, so Emma was some months pregnant at the time of marriage.
By the time of the 1871 census Emma’s parents, Peter and Mary Johnson, had moved with their youngest son William to Audlem. Both father and son were employed at an inn (possibly The Bridge) as horsekeepers (ostlers) and the birthplace of all three was shown incorrectly as Acton, Cheshire:
Peter Johnson, aged 61, horsekeeper, born Acton
Mary Johnson, aged 59, born Acton
William Johnson, aged 18, horsekeeper, born Acton
(Acton is adjacent to Nantwich, north of Audlem; but there is also an Acton Bridge near Bartington on the River Weaver.)
Mary Johnson died aged 69 in the spring of 1881.
On the 1881 census Peter was recorded as a widower, aged 70, born Barton (sic), Cheshire, still working as an ostler at Audlem, and with him was his married daughter, Sarah A.Mountford, aged 45, housekeeper, born Stoke-on-Trent. He was still alive in 1885.
Children of Peter and Mary Johnson:
Emma, my great-great-grandmother (see above)
• Sarah Ann was christened on 5 Sept 1836 at Sedgley Wesleyan chapel, Stoke-on-Trent. On 9 Feb 1855 at St Mary’s Wolverhampton: Sarah Ann Johnson, aged 19, of Springfields, daughter of Peter Johnson, boatman, married William Guest, aged 25, waterman, of Springfields. Subsequently widowed, Sarah Ann married her second husband, William Mountford, at St Thomas’s church, Kidsgrove, Staffs, on 26 May 1876. Their witnesses were Thomas Pyott and Ann Archer. William Mountford was recorded on the 1881 census as aged 54, born Hall Green, Cheshire, captain of The Mersey (barge) on Macclesfield Canal. On the 1901 census Sarah Ann (49) and her husband (62) were aboard a barge moored on the Caldon Canal at Endon, just north of Hanley.
• Maria was born at Sandbach on 29 December 1842. Her birth certificate gives her father as Peter Johnson, boatman, and her mother as Mary Johnson formerly Wardle. On 28 May 1862 at St Mary’s Wolverhampton: Maria Johnson, aged 19, daughter of Peter Johnson, boatman, married Frederick John Cartwright, baker, of Montrose Street. Her sister Eliza Johnson was a witness. On the 1881 census Maria and Frederick Cartwright and their five children were living at Newton, Lancashire.
• On 19 Nov 1851, baptised at St Mary’s: Allen “about 7 years old”, son of Mary and Peter Johnson, boatman, of Montrose Street. On 22 December 1867 at St Mary’s: Henry Allen Johnson, blacksmith, Montrose Street, son of Peter Johnson, licensed victualler, married Emma Lichfield of Montrose Street. Their children were Mary c1868, Annie Rebecca bp 31 Oct 1869 (died aged 3), Emma Elizabeth bp 27 Aug 1871 (died aged 18 months), Fanny Eliza bp 11 Jan 1874, William Henry 1875, Edith May 1878, Emily Lucy (Feb 1880, died aged 1 week), Elsie Slade 1883, and Thomas Lichfield 1886. Addresses for the family include Falkland Street, Inkerman Street and Alma Street, all central Wolverhampton.
• On 14 Nov 1851, baptised at St Mary’s: Peter, son of Mary and Peter Johnson, boatman, of Montrose Street. He became a detective police officer, based at Salford, Lancs. In 1871 he married Annie Bohanna at Northwich, Cheshire, and their children included Alice 1873, Sarah Ann 1875, Samuel Bohanna 1877, and Marion Louise 1882.
• On 24 October 1852, baptised at St Mary’s: Mary Jane, daughter of Mary and Peter Johnson, boatman, of Springfields. Godparents were John and Emma Whitehurst, and Mary Johnson.
• On 6 April 1853, baptised at St Mary’s: William, son of Peter and Mary Johnson, Springfields. Godparents were John and Julia Johnson. On the 1881 census William Johnson was shown as a bargee, aged 28, born at Wolverhampton, and his address as ‘boats met with at Broken Cross, Rudheath’ (near Barnton on the Trent & Mersey canal at Northwich). On 3 April 1885, St Mary’s: William Johnson, aged 32, boatman of the Barlaston, son of Peter Johnson, boatman, retired, married Jane Wall, aged 31, widowed boatwoman of the Barlaston, daughter of Edward Wordsby, boatman.
• Michael Frederick Johnson, born at Ettiley Heath, Sandbach, Cheshire, and baptised at Sandbach 3 June 1838. On 3 April 1866, St Mary’s: Michael Frederick Johnson, goods guard, of 24 Montrose Street, son of Peter Johnson, boatman, married to Emma Bentley, of Montrose Street. Their firstborn, Arthur, was buried 14 Mar 1867, aged three weeks. Among their children baptised at St Mary’s were: William 6 May 1868, father railway guard of Culwell Street; Mary Eleanor, born 24 Sept 1869, baptised 6 Oct 1869, father railway labourer of Montrose Street; and Frederick, born 30 Nov 1871, baptised 19 Dec 1871, father guard of Montrose Street. Another son, Henry Allen, was born in 1880. In 1911 Michael Frederick and his wife Emma were living at Openshaw, Manchester, with their unmarried daughter Eleanor.
Peter Johnson’s brother, John Johnson (born 1807), married Julia Riles at St Peter’s church, Stoke-upon-Trent, on 16 May 1831. Their witness was the bridegroom’s brother George Johnson.
On the 1851 census, John and his family were living close to his brother Peter at 39 Springfields, Wolverhampton:
John Johnson, head, aged 40, boatman, born Barton, Cheshire
Julia, wife, aged 38, born Leeds
Ellen, daughter, aged 19, born Stoke-upon-Trent
Frederick, son, aged 18, boatman, born Stoke-upon-Trent
Ann, daughter, aged 16, born Stoke-upon-Trent
Herbert, son, aged 12, scholar, born Stoke-upon-Trent
John, son, aged 11, scholar, born Stoke-upon-Trent
Joseph, son, aged 3, b, Wolverhampton
Edwin, son, aged 2, born Wolverhampton
Julia, daughter, aged 8mths, born Wolverhampton.
On the 1861 census the family was at Bridge Street, Wolverhampton:
John Johnson, head, aged 54, railway luggage porter, born Liverpool, Lancs (cf 1851 census)
Julia, wife, aged 57, born Yorkshire
Ann, daughter, aged 26, born Stoke-upon-Trent
Joseph, son, aged 16, enameller, born Wolverhampton
Edwin, son, aged 13, errand boy, born Wolverhampton
Matilda, daughter, aged 8, born Wolverhampton
Ann Johnson, mother, widow, aged 77, born Bartington (she died aged 78 in 1863).
Before the 1871 census was taken John and Julia Johnson had moved to Oxfordshire; and on the 1881 census they were living at Oddington, Oxford, where John was working as railway gatekeeper (pointsman). His age is given as 73, birthplace Liverpool, and his wife Julia’s as 71, birthplace Leeds.
Children of John and Julia Johnson:
Ellen baptised 1 Jan 1832 at St Peter-ad-Vincula, Stoke. Father’s occupation boatman, abode Wharf. On 1 Feb 1853, at St Mary’s Wolverhampton: Ellen Johnson, Montrose Street, daughter of John Johnson, boatman, married to William Foster, widower, cabinet lockmaker, Montrose Street. The Foster children included Ellen (bp 26 June 1859) and Julia (7 Nov 1868).
• Frederick baptised 12 March 1833 at Sedgley Weslyan chapel, Stoke-on-Trent. On 10 May 1856 at St Mary’s Wolverhampton: Frederick Johnson, box iron maker of Springfields, son of John Johnson, luggage porter, to Catherine Parker, aged 20, of Springfields. Their children included George (bp 26 Jan 1857), William Fletcher (2 Mar 1862, died aged 14 months), Charles Henry (2 Aug 1863), Catherine and Susannah Fletcher (both 21 Mar 1867), Edwin and John (both 10 Mar 1872), Julia Isles (2 Jun 1873), and Matilda (13 Jun 1875). Addresses are variously given as Springfields, Pool Street, Wharf Street, and Commercial Road.
• Ann baptised 8 March 1835 at Sedgley Weslyan chapel, Stoke-on-Trent.
• Herbert born 1837 at Stoke-on-Trent. In 1871 he was a warehouseman living in Wolverhampton with his wife Mary, 36, and their children Henry, 11, Mary Ann, 8, and Emily Julia, 4. Later children included John (c1874) and Joseph Herbert (c1875).
• Thomas Vernon baptised St Peter’s Wolverhampton 2 November 1841. Register gives address as Canal Street, father’s occupation as boatman.
• Joseph baptised at St Peter’s Wolverhampton 24 April 1844. Register gives address as Canal Street, father’s occupation as boatman.
• George baptised 16 July 1846 at St Mary’s Wolverhampton. Register gives address as Canal Street, father’s occupation as boatman.
• Edwin, baptised St Peter’s 14 August 1848, married Mary Jane Foulkes in 1878 at Poplar, Middlesex, before moving with her to Valentia Island, off the Irish west coast.
• Julia born 2 August 1850, baptised at St Peter’s 1 September 1850. Register gives father’s occupation as boatman, abode Canal Street. She died of scarlet fever aged three and was buried 25 Jan 1854.
• Matilda born 21 March 1853 and baptised at St Mary’s 17 Sept 1861. The register shows the address as Springfields, father’s occupation as railway guard. Godparents were Mary, Maria and Peter Johnson.


In recognition of the sesquicentennial of Manitoba College’s founding, The University of Winnipeg, in partnership with the University of Manitoba, will be hosting a panel discussion addressing the history of the college and its legacies in the areas of art, Residential Schools, and the participation of women in post-secondary education in Manitoba.
作为小组的一部分，演讲者将谈论曼尼托巴学院历史的具体方面。戴尔·巴伯（Dale Barbour）于2021年在加拿大历史上获得了H. Sanford Riley Postoral的研究员，他将探索曼尼托巴学院在温尼伯大学历史上的地位。亚愽国际app下载历史系副教授克莱尔·拉布雷克（Claire Labrecque）将分享她在曼尼托巴学院（Manitoba College）的神学窗口上的研究，该学院现在位于Uwinnipeg的Bryce Hall。莉莉安娜·洛佩兹（Liliana Lopez）是2021年的Uwinnipeg毕业生，他将讲述女性在曼尼托巴学院（Manitoba College）的历史中扮演的角色，以及参加该学院的妇女的生活和成就。这是曼尼托巴省第一个接受女学生的高等教育学院。
“The University of Winnipeg has a deep history in Manitoba, which precedes receiving our charter as an independent university in 1967. A part of that history is Manitoba College, created by the Presbyterian Church in 1871,” said The University of Winnipeg interim president and vice-chancellor Dr. James Currie. “While we acknowledge the contribution that Manitoba College made to post-secondary education in western Canada, we must acknowledge too that the Presbyterian Church ran Residential Schools, which inflicted tremendous harm and suffering upon Indigenous Peoples in Canada. Research by UWinnipeg faculty members in the department of History has shown that graduates of Manitoba College were directly involved in the administration of residential schools.
Established in 1871, and born out of the foundation of Nesbitt Hall two years prior, Manitoba College’s origins are as a religious school affiliated with the Presbyterian Church, but it played a starring role in the formation of post-secondary education throughout the province and Western Canada.
Though initially located in Kildonan, the college was moved to Winnipeg in 1874 and began to make its indelible mark on academia in Manitoba through collaborations with other institutions. By joining with Collège de Saint-Boniface and St. John’s College in 1877, Manitoba College played an integral part in the formation of the University of Manitoba.
While continuing its partnership with the University of Manitoba, Manitoba College continued to forge other relationships, including a long-standing collaboration with Wesley College, which itself had been established in 1888. Throughout its early history, Manitoba College had an educational focus on Theology, largely training men and women – Jesse Livingstone Holmes was its first female student and graduate – for ministry, church, and missionary work.


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Oregon State University moved to its current location in 1889. The Department of Physics at was started in 1908 with the appointment of Dr. Willibald Weniger as Assistant Professor of Physics. The physics offices and laboratories were located in Mechanical Hall (now Apperson Hall) where they remained until 1928 when a new Physics building (now Covell Hall) was completed. In 1959, the department moved into another new physics building (now Weniger Hall). More historical details are found on our history page .
Professor Jordan (left) and Prof. Weniger (right) photographed in 1928 with an early radio transmitter, KFDJ, 5 watts. Courtesy OSU Archives P095:061.


Atomatic was founded in 1945 to design and install HVAC systems for the rapidly expanding residential new construction marketplace. Founders Stan Lundquist and Bob Johnson established Atomatic’s first headquarters at 6500 N. Clark Street in Chicago. They settled on the name Atomatic because of two significant events that occurred the same year, the advent of the atom bomb and the trend in manufacturing to produce products that were automatic instead of manual. By 1960, the company’s growth necessitated a move to larger space on Pulaski Road.
The post WW II housing market continued to grow, and by 1968, Atomatic was installing HVAC systems in approximately 2500 homes per year. New owners, Ted Myers and Ken Bauer decided it was time to move the company to the suburbs. When Ken Bower retired, Dennis Hammond became a partner with Ted Myers. In 1991, Atomatic was sold to JWP (now Emcor) a billion dollar HVAC consolidator.
In 1993 Dick Hoffman, Matt Turk and Dennis Hammond purchased Atomatic from JWP. Hammond used his expertise to guide the residential side of the business until his semi-retirement in 1998. Turk started and developed the commercial construction group while Hoffman started and developed the commercial and residential service groups.
Atomatic continued to grow and diversify. In 2003, Atomatic purchased a 37,000 sq ft building in Arlington Heights and moved its headquarters to this location where it currently operates today.
The company is known as a very diverse, design/build, plan & Spec, commercial and residential HVAC mechanical contractor. Its’ service group continues to expand in size and scope to accommodate the changing needs within the marketplace.
In 2013, Atomatic purchased Control Engineering, an Alerton controls dealer, to further expand it’s controls capabilities.
In 2016, Steve Stachorek became the 4th President of Atomatic and the 4th generation of Atomatic ownership. Atomatic has always had an unwavering commitment to excellence and the highest standards of service for our customers. See what customers were saying about Atomatic over 70 years ago.