A Look Into the Past, Part 1: The Early Days
Hello again! Welcome to the start of a new series of blog posts entitled A Look Into the Past. Here we will delve into our history, with the hope of discovering some of the things that have made us who we are. We hope you'll come along for the ride with us, too.
Today, we start with the very, very early days of the company. David Batchen founded his eponymous business in 1965, and so to 1965 we will go. We don't have a time machine, but what we do have are David's memoirs. The following are some short extracts from these memoirs, covering the period around the founding of D.J. Batchen Pty Ltd. Enjoy.
...we also needed a foreman and persuaded Doug Burdon -- who had been employed at APL for a while but had subsequently left -- to throw in his lot with us. Doug had been in the permanent Navy for about fifteen years, and was pretty taciturn but very practical. He was impatient with people who had emotional problems:
"I'm not a psychiatrist," he would say. "Tell him to get back to work and stop whinging." With this philosophy, we got along well together.
Finally, we had to find a workshop, and settled on renting a small building (about 10m by 10m, with a mezzanine floor for a desk and a chair) at 135 Bombay Street, Lidcombe. All that remained now was to form a company called D.J. Batchen Pty Ltd, resign from APL, find some customers and get a telephone connected. The first and second were relatively easy, the third daunting, and the fourth impossible, despite the war finishing twenty years previously. We opened for business on 16th August, 1965, and the phone was connected about three months later.
David (left) and Doug, on their first day of work, 16 August, 1965.
Our first big job was for the Australian branch of an American firm of contractors to the mining and chemical industries called Dorr Oliver. They had won the contract to design, supply and install sewage treatment equipment at Fyshwick, near Canberra.
To install the equipment, Doug Burdon recruited a team of a father and two sons who, with their wives, had driven from England to Australia in cars towing caravans. They had been second-hand dealers in England and regaled us with all sorts of tales of adventure as they would their way across Asia, including their stay in a Maharaja's palace in India. They claimed one of the sons -- who was cross-eyed -- had married and Indian princess in England and they all lived in luxury for a few weeks as guests of her father. We thought this a highly unlikely story until they called into the workshop after the Fyshwick job was finished. The cross-eyed son opened the door of his caravan, and there in the dim light was a beautiful Indian girl clad in a magnificent sari, dripping with trinkets.
They had great ideas about how they would make their fortune in Australia. One plan was to collect all the derelict cars they saw parked in the streets and sell them for scrap. One had the impression they wouldn't be too fussy over which cars actually were derelict.
An old brochure, showing some work for Dorr Oliver.
We received orders for the fabrication of other equipment items from a variety of customers, but we also pursued the labour hiring field. The memories of this are so painful that I try to block them from my mind. It generally involved the hiring of a lot of men for a short time during a plant shut-down, and of course you had to wonder what sort of people would be willing to work under these conditions. Quite a few followed the plant shut-downs from job to job, and were attracted by plenty of overtime paid at casual rates.
Others were itinerants who had a very doubtful background. On one job we had four men who each gave us the false surname of Scraggs, and who each claimed to have six kids because that meant we took less tax out of their pay. I asked one of them why he had chosen that name, and he said Scraggs was a man generally disliked by his fellows, and with any luck this would land him in trouble. Will the real Scraggs please stand up!
This experience gave us insight into the lives of people who somehow couldn't cope with normal existence. One man had a garnishee on his wages every week, which meant we had to extract a certain amount of his pay and forward it to a hire purchase company. Eventually he would pay off his arrears, only to go into debt again a few weeks later, and be in the same position again. Another man's wife left him with four small kids, and consequently he was unreliable, but he would never ring us to let us know he would be absent, and it became difficult to be sympathetic.
It also made us realise the way forward was to have a stable workforce whose skills you knew. It led us to regard long-term employment as a desirable goal, and resulted in some employees being with the company longer than I was.*
*If you were wondering, David "officially" worked for his namesake company for over thirty years, until his retirement in 1997. His memoir contains a list of "Company Builders", who served at D.J. Batchen for over 15 years. There are twenty names on that list -- a list that has grown longer since David wrote these words.


A tale of two counties
St. James, Henderson
Next June the parish of St. James the Greater in Henderson will celebrate a 100th anniversary. The first Catholic church in Henderson was indeed erected in 1908 on land purchased by “Tar Heel Apostle” Fr. Thomas Price. But the story of St. James is more complex.
The church built 100 years ago was called St. Paul. A chandelier from that first church hangs in St. James today. St. Paul would eventually move to a location on Oxford Road, where a church and social hall were built in the ‘60s.
Meanwhile, Catholics in neighboring Granville County were worshiping in Oxford, in a railway car called St. Peter. St. Peter was one of three Pullman cars outfitted at great expense in the early 20th century by the Catholic Church Extension Society. Both cars carried priests from places like North Carolina around the country so they could raise funds for their missionary work. A Time Magazine article from 1934 describes how the car was “lent, later given to Bishop William Joseph Hafey of Raleigh, N.C.
“He in turn presented it to the ‘Mission Band’ headed by Father Cornelius Edward Murphy. Because only 9,000 of North Carolina's 3,000,000 population are Roman Catholics, Father Murphy takes his car into many a section where a priest has never before been seen. From his headquarters at Nazareth, N.C. he goes out for a week or two with an assistant and a Negro cook. Besides the chapel seating 75, St. Peter contains a study, a kitchen and sleeping quarters. Often dependent upon freight trains for a lift from siding to siding, Father Murphy pays a minimum $18 for short hauls and ten full fares for long hauls, as compared with the usual charge of 25 fares for private cars.”
Its mission days past, St. Peter served the military camp at Butner during World War II before moving to Oxford. When the chapel could no longer accommodate its congregation it was demolished, its copper, steel and iron sold, and a permanent church was built. It was called St. Catherine of Siena.
By the ‘90s, northerners were pouring into the area and straining the facilities of the churches in both towns, and the decision was made to merge the two parishes at a midway point. St. Paul was sold to a funeral home, St. Catherine to a Christian congregation, and land was purchased on the west side of Henderson. For a year, area Catholics worshipped at “our Lady of the Warehouse,” a storage building without its own heating or air conditioning. In 1995, St. James was dedicated. Over the next year that facility would be enhanced by the addition of a parish hall and a cemetery and columbarium on five additional acres.
Today, as current pastor Fr. William Upah explains, St. James is growing, and includes the mission church of St. Joseph the Worker in Warrenton, administered by Sr. Margaret Gallagher, I.H.M. Fr. Upah describes an increasingly diverse congregation at St. James, including long time residents of the area, Spanish speaking families and a noticeable number of Indian Catholics, many members of the local nursing community. The ongoing challenge is this environment is “bringing people together,” he says. “But St. James – and I know many pastors say this but I think this parish is special – is an incredibly welcoming, friendly place.” He also cites the “extra mile” traveled by so many parish volunteers. A special joy for Fr. Upah is helping to work out the spiritual difficulties of Catholics who feel estranged from the Church.
St. James Church features stained glass windows representing the various churches in its lineage. Next year, the parish will celebrate the determination of Catholics in two counties who for 100 years have managed to find a place to practice their faith.
- Rich Reece


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Table of Contents
Coco Mounds is a popular dessert that is made from shredded coconut and sweetened condensed milk. It is typically formed into small mounds and then baked until golden brown. The dessert is often served at special occasions and is a favorite among coconut lovers.
The History of Coco Mounds
Coco Mounds is a historic site located in Mississippi, USA. It is a prehistoric Native American ceremonial site that dates back to the Late Woodland period, around 1200-1500 AD. The site is named after the nearby Coco Creek, which flows into the Pearl River.
The Coco Mounds site consists of eight earthen mounds arranged in a circular pattern around a central plaza. The largest mound, known as Mound A, is 25 feet high and 140 feet in diameter. It is believed to have been used for ceremonial purposes, possibly as a platform for religious rituals or as a burial site for important members of the community.
The other mounds at the site are smaller and were likely used for residential or administrative purposes. Mound B, for example, is thought to have been a residence for the chief or other high-ranking members of the community. Mound C may have been used as a storage facility for food and other supplies.
The Coco Mounds site was first discovered by European settlers in the early 19th century. It was later excavated by archaeologists in the 1930s and 1940s, who uncovered a wealth of artifacts and evidence of the site’s history.
One of the most significant finds at Coco Mounds was a large cache of pottery vessels, which were found buried in Mound A. These vessels were decorated with intricate designs and were likely used in religious ceremonies or other important events. Other artifacts found at the site include stone tools, shell ornaments, and animal bones.
The Coco Mounds site is believed to have been occupied by the Plaquemine culture, a Native American civilization that flourished in the Mississippi River Valley from around 1200-1700 AD. The Plaquemine people were known for their elaborate ceremonial sites and their skilled craftsmanship in pottery, stone tools, and other materials.
The Coco Mounds site is one of several Plaquemine-era sites in the region, including the nearby Emerald Mound and Winterville Mounds. These sites provide valuable insights into the history and culture of the Plaquemine people, who were one of the most advanced civilizations in North America at the time.
Today, the Coco Mounds site is a popular destination for tourists and history enthusiasts. Visitors can explore the mounds and learn about the history and culture of the Plaquemine people through interpretive exhibits and guided tours.
In addition to its historical significance, the Coco Mounds site is also important for its ecological value. The site is home to a variety of plant and animal species, including several rare and endangered species. Efforts are underway to preserve and protect the site for future generations.
In conclusion, the Coco Mounds site is a fascinating and important piece of Mississippi’s history. Its eight earthen mounds and central plaza provide a glimpse into the religious and cultural practices of the Plaquemine people, while its artifacts and other finds offer valuable insights into their daily lives. Today, the site serves as a reminder of the rich and diverse history of the region, and as a testament to the enduring legacy of the Plaquemine people.
The Significance of Coco Mounds in Native American Culture
Coco mounds are an important part of Native American culture. These mounds are found throughout the southeastern United States and are believed to have been created by the indigenous people who lived in the area thousands of years ago. While the exact purpose of these mounds is not known, they are believed to have had significant cultural and religious significance.
One of the most significant aspects of coco mounds is their shape. These mounds are typically conical in shape and can range in size from just a few feet tall to over 60 feet tall. The shape of these mounds is believed to have been symbolic of the Native American worldview, which saw the world as a series of interconnected circles. The conical shape of the mounds was thought to represent the circle of life and the cyclical nature of the universe.
Another important aspect of coco mounds is their location. These mounds are typically found in areas that were important to the Native American people who created them. For example, many coco mounds are located near rivers or other bodies of water, which were important sources of food and transportation for these people. Other mounds are located near important cultural or religious sites, such as burial grounds or temples.
The construction of coco mounds was a significant undertaking for the Native American people who created them. These mounds were typically built by hand, using baskets and other tools to move soil and other materials. The construction of these mounds would have required a significant amount of labor and would have been a communal effort, with many people working together to create these structures.
The purpose of coco mounds is not entirely clear, but they are believed to have had significant cultural and religious significance for the Native American people who created them. Some experts believe that these mounds were used for ceremonial purposes, such as burials or other religious rituals. Others believe that these mounds were used as platforms for important events, such as speeches or other public gatherings.
Regardless of their exact purpose, coco mounds are an important part of Native American culture and history. These structures provide a glimpse into the lives and beliefs of the people who created them, and they serve as a reminder of the rich cultural heritage of the southeastern United States. Today, many of these mounds are protected as historic sites, and efforts are underway to preserve and protect these important cultural landmarks for future generations.
In conclusion, coco mounds are an important part of Native American culture and history. These mounds are believed to have had significant cultural and religious significance for the people who created them, and they provide a glimpse into the lives and beliefs of these ancient cultures. While the exact purpose of these mounds is not known, they serve as a reminder of the rich cultural heritage of the southeastern United States and the important role that Native American people have played in shaping the history of this region.
The Archaeological Discoveries at Coco Mounds
Coco Mounds is an archaeological site located in the state of Louisiana, USA. The site is known for its unique mounds that were built by the indigenous people of the area. These mounds have been the subject of extensive research and excavation, revealing a wealth of information about the people who built them and their way of life.
The Coco Mounds were built by the Coles Creek culture, which existed in the area from around 800 to 1200 AD. The mounds were constructed using a combination of earth, clay, and other materials, and were used for a variety of purposes. Some of the mounds were used as burial sites, while others were used for ceremonial purposes.
Excavations at the site have revealed a great deal of information about the Coles Creek culture. For example, archaeologists have found evidence of a complex social structure, with different levels of hierarchy and specialization. They have also found evidence of trade networks, with artifacts from as far away as the Great Lakes region.
One of the most interesting discoveries at Coco Mounds is the presence of a large number of pottery fragments. These fragments have been used to reconstruct the pottery styles of the Coles Creek culture, which were highly sophisticated and varied. The pottery was used for a variety of purposes, including cooking, storage, and ceremonial use.
Another important discovery at Coco Mounds is the presence of shell beads. These beads were used as a form of currency and were traded throughout the region. The presence of these beads suggests that the Coles Creek culture was highly interconnected and engaged in extensive trade.
In addition to the mounds themselves, the site also contains a number of other features that are of interest to archaeologists. For example, there are several large pits that were used for storage and possibly for cooking. There are also a number of smaller pits that were used for a variety of purposes, including the disposal of waste.
Overall, the archaeological discoveries at Coco Mounds have provided a wealth of information about the Coles Creek culture and their way of life. The site is a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of these ancient people, and serves as a reminder of the rich cultural heritage of the region. As further excavations and research are conducted at the site, it is likely that even more information will be uncovered, shedding new light on this fascinating culture and their legacy.
The Preservation Efforts of Coco Mounds
Coco Mounds is a historic site located in Mississippi that has been the subject of preservation efforts for many years. The site is home to a series of Native American mounds that date back to the pre-Columbian era. These mounds are believed to have been constructed by the ancestors of the Natchez people, who inhabited the area for thousands of years before the arrival of European explorers.
The preservation efforts at Coco Mounds have been ongoing for several decades, and have involved a variety of different organizations and individuals. One of the most important of these efforts has been the work of the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, which has been responsible for overseeing the site and ensuring that it is protected from damage or destruction.
In addition to the work of the Department of Archives and History, there have also been many other organizations and individuals who have contributed to the preservation of Coco Mounds. These include local historical societies, archaeologists, and volunteers who have worked to clean up the site and ensure that it remains accessible to visitors.
One of the key challenges facing the preservation efforts at Coco Mounds has been the threat of erosion and other forms of environmental damage. The mounds are located in an area that is prone to flooding and other natural disasters, and there have been concerns about the long-term stability of the site.
To address these concerns, a number of different strategies have been employed. These include the use of erosion control measures such as retaining walls and vegetation management, as well as ongoing monitoring and maintenance of the site to ensure that any damage is quickly identified and addressed.
Another important aspect of the preservation efforts at Coco Mounds has been the development of educational programs and outreach initiatives. These programs are designed to help raise awareness about the importance of the site and its historical significance, and to encourage visitors to learn more about the Native American cultures that once thrived in the area.
Overall, the preservation efforts at Coco Mounds have been successful in ensuring that this important historical site remains protected and accessible to visitors. While there are always challenges and obstacles to overcome, the dedication and hard work of the many individuals and organizations involved in this effort have helped to ensure that the legacy of the Natchez people and their ancestors will continue to be remembered and celebrated for generations to come.
Visiting Coco Mounds: What to Expect and How to Get There
Coco Mounds is a unique and fascinating archaeological site located in the state of Mississippi. This site is home to a series of ancient mounds that were built by the indigenous people of the region over a thousand years ago. Visiting Coco Mounds is a great way to learn about the history and culture of the Native American tribes that once inhabited this area. In this article, we will discuss what to expect when visiting Coco Mounds and how to get there.
When you arrive at Coco Mounds, you will be greeted by a beautiful and serene landscape. The mounds are situated in a peaceful wooded area, surrounded by lush greenery and wildlife. As you explore the site, you will see a variety of different mounds, each with its own unique shape and size. Some of the mounds are flat-topped, while others have a conical shape. The largest mound at Coco Mounds is over 30 feet tall and is believed to have been used for ceremonial purposes.
One of the most interesting things about Coco Mounds is the fact that the site has been preserved so well over the years. The mounds were built using a combination of earth and clay, which has helped to protect them from erosion and other natural forces. In addition, the site has been carefully maintained by archaeologists and other experts, who have worked to ensure that the mounds remain intact and accessible to visitors.
When you visit Coco Mounds, you will have the opportunity to learn about the history and culture of the Native American tribes that once lived in this area. The mounds were built by the Mississippians, a group of indigenous people who lived in the region from around 800 AD to 1600 AD. These people were skilled farmers, hunters, and artisans, and they left behind a rich legacy of art, architecture, and culture.
To get to Coco Mounds, you will need to travel to the town of Natchez, Mississippi. From there, you can take Highway 61 south for about 10 miles until you reach the entrance to the site. The site is open to visitors year-round, and there is a small admission fee to enter. Once you arrive, you can explore the mounds on your own or take a guided tour with one of the site’s knowledgeable staff members.
Overall, visiting Coco Mounds is a great way to learn about the history and culture of the Native American tribes that once inhabited this area. The site is well-preserved and offers a unique glimpse into the lives of these ancient people. Whether you are a history buff, an archaeology enthusiast, or simply someone who enjoys exploring new places, Coco Mounds is definitely worth a visit. So why not plan a trip today and experience this fascinating site for yourself?
1. What are Coco Mounds?
Coco Mounds are a type of chocolate candy that is made with coconut flakes and chocolate.
2. Who makes Coco Mounds?
Coco Mounds are made by various candy companies, including Hershey’s and Russell Stover.
3. What flavors do Coco Mounds come in?
Coco Mounds typically come in a milk chocolate flavor, but some brands may offer dark chocolate or white chocolate options.
4. Are Coco Mounds gluten-free?
It depends on the brand and ingredients used. Some Coco Mounds may contain gluten, while others may be gluten-free.
5. Where can I buy Coco Mounds?
Coco Mounds can be found at most grocery stores, convenience stores, and online retailers that sell candy and chocolate.
Conclusion: Coco Mounds is a popular tourist destination in Louisiana known for its unique geological formations and rich history. Visitors can explore the mounds and learn about the Native American tribes that once inhabited the area. The site also offers hiking trails, picnic areas, and a museum. Overall, Coco Mounds is a must-visit for anyone interested in history and nature.


Smithy is derived from the trade, Blacksmith. This is a tribute to the previous tenant of our location, Henry Potter. He was an established blacksmith in the Dallas, TX area. He and his family have been in the trade for the past 90 years and have spanned their love for blacksmithing across four generations. They continue to be a staple in the Dallas area and were the perfect inspiration for our locally sourced spirits and provisions concept.


Coming to the Village of Ubly in 1981 was a lot like returning to their cherished childhood in Detroit's Poletown. It also marked an 18 year dream for John and Arlene who grew up together in the same neighborhood populated by many family owned businesses.
As youngster's both John and Arlene learned the importance of individual personalized service, which has become a family tradition. John's grandfather started Detroit's, Anthony Chrzanowski Funeral Home in 1911 and then his mother Irene became a licensed funeral director and opened the Herman Smigielski Funeral Home in 1945. John followed in his parent’s footsteps and obtained his mortuary science license in 1962 and was then employed by his mother as well as William Sullivan and Son Funeral Home.
John and Arlene purchased the Ubly location in 1981 from Ernie Zinger and renamed it Zinger-Smigielski Funeral Home. In 1985 they acquired the Minden City location from Frank and Eleene Bowen which is now known as Smigielski Funeral Home.
The Smigielski’s didn’t get an easy start either. The first month they didn't have one single call, but Ernie Zinger assured them it would be ok and people just needed to get to know them. The two of them quickly became involved in local organizations such as the Lion's Club, but it didn’t take long before they were able to build a trust with members of the community.
Thirty two years later, dedication to the families we serve and attention to detail have enabled us to get to where we are today. With care and compassion we take the time needed with each family to plan every detail of the funeral.


Lifetime Achievement Award
The Borough of Lansdale will present its 2021 Lifetime Achievement Award to Raymond E. Walton, long-time businessman, community supporter and lover of local history.
Ray Walton, now 97, is the son of Clyde S. Walton, founder of the four-generation fuel oil company that has served the North Penn region for more than a century.
“So many of Mr. Walton’s contributions to Lansdale have flown under the radar because he is such a humble man who has worked behind the scenes to help a wide variety of causes,” said Dick Shearer, former president of the Lansdale Historical Society.
Growing up, Walton wanted to be a farmer, spurring a life-long interest in tractors and early agricultural equipment. He took pride in growing corn on the land where the Broadmore Apartments are now located. However, eventually he was drawn into his dad’s business which started as a tire repair and auto agency that evolved into fuel oil in the 1930s.
It was while he was learning the business that he met is wife-to-be, Pauline, who worked in the office and impressed Clyde Walton with her organizational and bookkeeping skills. When the elder Walton retired in 1956, Ray took over with Pauline as his business partner.
“She was the brains of the operation,” Ray says with typical humility. “She kept the place running and made many of the decisions. I was most interested in keeping the trucks running and making sure customers had their tanks filled on a timely basis.”
Between them, Clyde S. Walton Co. grew to become the largest fuel oil distributor in the region while at the same time supporting many community organizations and projects financially or with good-old, hands-on labor, often supplied by Ray himself.
Eventually, he turned over the business to his son, Terry, in 1986, and now a fourth generation is at the helm of the company.
Ray Walton joined the Lansdale Rotary Club in 1962 and has participated in many of the organization’s activities over the years, especially Lansdale Day.
He has also been an active member of the Lansdale Historical Society for several decades and now serves as a trustee emeritus. In recent years he has concentrated on researching the town’s early history and its development during the 20th century.
He was presented with the 2016 Edwin G. Holl Historic Achievement Award for his support of the society’s efforts to preserve and interpret the North Penn area’s rich heritage for future generations to enjoy.
True to his early interest in agriculture, the Waltons lived on two farm properties in Towamencin Township. The first is now the site of Walton Farm Elementary School on Allentown Road. They later moved to Claude and Irene Kriebel’s 1848 farmhouse on Kriebel Road.
Ray joins esteemed company as the ninth Lansdale Lifetime Achievement Award winner. Other award winners include Jay Daveler, Carl Saldutti, Stephen Frederick, Dick Shearer, Margie Booz, Bob Kraemer, Dick Stricker and Frank & Georgette Koehler.
The award will be given on Founders Day, August 28, at 10 am on the grounds of the Lansdale Historical Society, which is celebrating its 50th anniversary this year.


Dr. Robert Hopkins, distinguished professor and President of the Institute of Optics at the University of Rochester, and founder of Corning Tropel in 1953, will be honored on October 7 as an inductee to the Rochester Hall of Fame. Like fellow honoree Jane Glazer, who has helped to reshape downtown Rochester, Dr. Hopkins' legacy is seen all over Rochester and in the optics industry.
Dr. Hopkins' son Roger Hopkins founded PLS in 1986, and in our earliest days, shared space with Dr. Hopkins. Our work in Optics began then, nearly 30 years ago, and continues today.
We send our thanks and congratulations to the Hopkins family as they honor Dr. Hopkins.
Learn more about the awards at http://www.rbj.net/article.asp?aID=210048.


The Anglican Church is facing pressure not to sell a historic church at Hadspen with links to Mary Reibey who is depicted on the $20 note.
Ms Butler said the church grounds contained the remains of descendants of Mary Reibey, a convict and later businesswoman whose contribution to Australia was considered so important she was depicted on the $20 note.
“The Church of the Good Shepherd should not be sold. This is a unique piece of Tasmanian history."
Ms Butler said the church grounds contained the remains of descendants of Mary Reibey, a convict and later businesswoman whose contribution to Australia was considered so important she was depicted on the $20 note.”
She said Mrs Reibey was a pioneering merchant ship owner and trader who, after being deported to Australia as a convict for stealing a horse in 1792, was now considered historically significant as a role model for women in business.
“It was Mary Reibey who purchased 2000 acres of land in Tasmania in 1811, later to become Entally Estate, and her grandson Thomas was the Premier – this is important history that needs protection,” Ms Butler said.
“It’s outrageous that the church is prepared to sell off history rather than protect it.
“The Hadspen community is rightly up in arms and does not want this church sold.”
Thomas Reibey, who was born in 1821 at Hadspen, is buried in the church grounds.
Mr Reibey was Tasmanian Premier from 1876 to 1877, Speaker of the House of Assembly and MP until 1903.
Ms Butler said the sale was not about the church’s redress scheme but rather a “money grab”.
Mrs Murfet, a parishioner for the past 20 years said she was saddened by the sale of the church and wanted its sale reconsidered.
She said she had written to the church on two occasions but had had no response.
“You really feel the spirit in the church,” Mrs Murfet said.
“When you walk into the church it feels like you are being wrapped around in it. It is so peaceful.”
Mrs Murfet said the church was built by the Reibey family and its loss was a blow to the local community.
“It is a landmark and it is very sad because it is a beautiful church,” she said.
“Members of the Reibey family are buried six or eight feet from the front door and I know of one lady who comes from Hobart to visit the graves of her parents and brother.
“What price can you put on this beautiful old bluestone church?”
Anglican Bishop of Tasmania, the Right Reverend Dr Richard Condie, said the Church of the Good Shepherd was not currently on the open market.
“We recognise that churches with cemeteries hold significant value within local communities,” Bishop Condie said.
“For church properties that are to be sold, we will prioritise solutions that enable these properties to be used by and for members of the local community into the future.
“Like many church buildings the Church of Good Shepherd has heritage value.
“We will work with the Tasmanian Heritage Council through the sale process of our heritage church properties.”
Bishop Condie said the sale of any church with a cemetery would occur in accordance with the requirements of the Burial and Cremation Act 2002.
(Sue Bailey - The Examiner JANUARY 23 2019)


"These pirates will take the King back to his kingdom where he'll be safe."
—Gareth, "It's All in the Executions"
King Richard's Kingdom is the country King Richard rules over. Control of the land passed to him after his father passed and his elder brother refused the crown. It's first appearance was in the Season One episide "Pilot".
When the first king (King Richard's father) passed away he attended a ceremony in which his elder brother Kingsley was going to be sworn in as King. However, Kingsley refused preferring not to be handed his own rule. Richard was chosen next after he announced his presence to the gathered crowd with a fart.
As he grew into adulthood his hobbies as King included raising taxes and upsetting the poor people. Richard and Madalena got married and later planned on conquering Valencia.
- There are three castles (including the one above) depicted in the opening song "Galavant" which do appear different in structure, although these could all be different angles of the same castle:
- The castle's gate and great hall are filmed in Berkeley Castle in the UK.


Location: TURKEY | IZMIR | SELCUK
EPHESUSEphesus was an ancient Greek city, and later a major Roman city, on the coast of Ionia, near present-day Selçuk, Izmir Province, Turkey. It was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League during the Classical Greek era. In the Roman period Ephesus had a population of 33,600 to 56,000 people, making it the third largest city of Roman Asia Minor after Sardis and Alexandria Troas.
Tours Related to This Picture7 CHURCHES OF REVELATION TOUR
BEST OF TURKEY
FOOTSTEPS OF ST.PAUL
WEST ANATOLIAN TOUR


3 out of 10: Season Two (Epic Games)
Resistance is Fruitile (itch.io)
Resistance is Fruitile is a challenging twin stick shooter jam-packed with sinister fruit monsters and plenty of firepower to take them all on!
Theatre of War 3: Korea (IndieGala)
Replay the events of the first hot war of the Cold War era, the Korean War, also known as the Forgotten War. Players will be involved in two campaigns, both set in the 1950’s: the North Korean (June 25 – August 20) and the American (September 15 – October 8).


14th Amendment, 14th Amendment citizen, affidavit, book review, citizenship, civil rights act, Constitution, feudal serfdom, Feudalism, Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, From Sovereign to Serf, Glenn Ambort, government, John Benson, political rights, Roger S. Sayles, Roger Sayles, Roger Sayles Affidavit, Roger Sayles Argentina, Roger Sayles' Book, second-class citizen, serf, Serfs UP, Slaughter-House Cases, slaves, Sovereign, sovereignty, state citizens, U.S. National, United States, United States Constitution
FROM SOVEREIGN TO SERF – Government by the Treachery and Deception of Words
The thesis of the book, “From Sovereign to Serf – Government by the Treachery and Deception of Words,” by Roger S. Sayles, (Online download available at E-Junkie.com or grab a FREE preview here) is that the original intent of the Founders of this Nation was to join the separate States together by a national government of limited and enumerated powers, the People of the several States remaining sovereign in all other matters not specifically delegated to the national government.
The Citizens of the several States were deemed to be Citizens of the United States via their citizenship in one of the States.
This state of affairs remained constant until after the War between the States, aka, the Civil War, or, in Roger Sayles’ Southern vernacular, the War of Northern Aggression, left those of the African-American race without any protection from the state or federal governments, because the U.S. Supreme Court, in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1856), had held that individuals of that race were not, and could not be, citizens of the United States under the U.S. Constitution.
To remedy this unfortunate situation, Congress enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1866, granting citizenship to the recently freed African-American slaves. To ensure that act of citizenship was not overturned by any succeeding Congress, the Republican-led Congress proposed the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, wherein the first sentence read:
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
The Slaughter-House Cases
The first case wherein the Supreme Court addressed the meaning of that Amendment was the Slaughter House Cases (1873).
In the Slaughter House Cases, a number of butchers had complained that the State of Louisiana had violated their federal “privileges and immunities” by passing an ordinance that placed restrictions on the slaughtering of animals in New Orleans. The slaughter houses sought the protection of the federal government against the violation of their right to practice their livelihood as they had previously. The Supreme Court held that, while the Constitution certainly protected individuals against violation of the “privileges and immunities” protected by the Constitution, it did not protect the slaughter houses against violations of the “privileges and immunities” incident to their state citizenship.
In its ruling, the Court, speaking through Justice Gray, stated:
It is quite clear then, that there is a citizenship of the United States and a citizenship of a state, which are distinct from each other and which depend upon different characteristics or circumstances in the individual. . . .
Wong Kim Ark v. United States
Perhaps Chief Justice Fuller best explained the citizenship rule that now prevails with the federal government, in his dissent 25 years later, in Wong Kim Ark v. United States (1898), wherein he stated:
The rule was the outcome of the connection in feudalism between the individual and the soil on which he lived, and the allegiance due was that of liegemen to their liege lord.
Roger maintains, with powerful authorities cited in support, that the federal government, previously limited to the specific, enumerated powers set forth in the original Constitution, was now free, under the 14th Amendment, to pass whatever laws and regulations it deemed fit for the governance of its new citizen-serfs. However, not content with the reach of its new powers to come out from under the restrictions and limitations of the original Constitution, through the treachery and deception of words, the federal government has now seen fit to call all Americans citizen-serfs under the 14th Amendment and recognizes as citizen-sovereigns under the original Constitution only those who assert their sovereignty under the passport application as a U.S. National.
Here is an illustration from the book where Roger makes his point:
Consider this: in England, there are only two classes of persons – subjects and a sovereign; England has no citizens, as we use that term in the United States. Now, Queen Elizabeth is certainly not a subject; she is the sovereign. Is she also a ‘national’ of the nation of England?
At dictionary.com, we find the definition of ‘national,’ when used as a noun: “a citizen or subject of a particular nation who is entitled to its protection.” Do you think that the Queen is entitled to the protection of England? The answer is obvious. Do you think she is a subject of England? Hardly! Quite obviously, she is entitled to England’s protection, she is not a subject, and, because England has no citizens as we use that term, she must be the sovereign-national of England.
Just as the Queen is the sovereign-national of England, so also, free Americans are the sovereign-nationals of the United States.
Just as the Queen is the sovereign-national of England, so also, free Americans are the sovereign-nationals of the United States. See Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. 419, 471-72 (1793) (“at the Revolution, the sovereignty devolved on the people; and they are truly the sovereigns of the country, but they are sovereigns without subjects (unless the African slaves among us may be so called) and have none to govern but themselves; the citizens of America are equal as fellow citizens, and as joint tenants in the sovereignty.”)
Roger first became aware of the duplicity, treachery and deception of words used by the federal government in a class on taxes he attended in 1992, taught by John Benson and Glenn Ambort, both of whom have spent a combined 14 years in federal prison solely for teaching their understanding of the history of our tax laws and sovereignty. Roger maintains that they are among today’s many “political prisoners.”
Based upon what he learned in that class, he filed an “affidavit” of his understanding of his sovereign citizenship in the county records of his home state of Florida. (He has since emigrated to Argentina.)
Roger has used that affidavit on six different occasions, including to obtain a Florida picture ID, his social security retirement benefits and an official U.S. Passport (on three separate occasions,) all while claiming what he believes to be his rightful, sovereign status as a U.S. National.
Not once has Roger Sayles’ affidavit of citizenship been questioned, refused or rebutted.
The purpose of his book is to inform readers what steps he took, the reasoning behind those steps and a path that others may follow, if they wish to follow in his footsteps.
- US vs USA (adask.wordpress.com)
- Nancy Pelosi: 11th, 14th Amendment, “Whatever It Is, I’m With the Constitution” (freedomoutpost.com)
- 14th Amendment citizenship (adask.wordpress.com)
- Are We Headed For A 14th Amendment Fight? (underpaidgenius.com)


Buckle, Henry Thomas
- Henry Thomas Buckle (November 24, 1821 - May 29, 1862) was an English historian, author of a History of Civilization.
Dans notre catalogue / In our catalogue
Collector of Exhibition of Female Flagellants.
Collector of Fashionable Lectures.
Collector of Lady Bumtickler's Revels.
Collector of Madame Birchini's Dance.
Collector of Sublime of Flagellation.


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Skylab has been shooting aerials in Las Vegas since 1996, so we have hundreds of stock photos that we collected through the years for dramatic comparison of current landscape. Historical aerial shots are used to document and show changes in the landscape - some clients include attorneys, government, real estate brokers and engineers.
Historical photography refers to photos we have shot and collected throughout our years of shooting aerials in Las Vegas. Our oldest photos date back to 1950 - explore what Las Vegas used to look like!
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Landmark Status & Overview
The Chicago City Council granted official Landmark status to the Florsheim Shoe Company Building on March 29th 2006, which over the decades produced millions of pairs shoes that were sold throughout the country.
"The Florsheim Building is one of the best examples of how the design of an industrial building could benefit its use and increase its efficiency," said Mayor Richard M. Daley.
Built between 1924 and 1926, the six-story building at 3963 W. Belmont Ave. is an excellent example of a "daylight" factory, so-called because its reinforced concrete and glass construction allowed for natural light and ventilation.
The building was designed by Chicago-born architect Alfred S. Alschuler, who is famous for his belief that necessary features of industrial design were clear floor plans and natural lighting.
Aschuler's design grouped utilities, stairways, elevator shafts and restrooms in one area, leaving unobstructed floor space that could accommodate manufacturing equipment.
Florsheim & Co. was founded in 1892 by Milton Florsheim, whose father took a job as a shoemaker after settling in Chicago from Germany. The company soon developed a national reputation as the makers of high-quality men’s shoes.
Florsheim shoes were manufactured on the site until 1986, when the building was turned into a warehouse for a records management company.
The Florsheim Shoe Company and Its Buildings
The Florsheim Shoe Company Building was built by one of Chicago's premier shoe manufacturers, whose products were among the best known throughout the United States during the 20th century. The company was founded in 1892 as Florsheim & Co. by Milton Florsheim, whose German-born father Siegmund had come to Chicago in 1862 and become a shoemaker. Florsheim & Co. soon began manufacturing high-quality men's shoes. After making shoes in existing buildings, Florsheim & Co. built its first factory in 1900 just west of the Chicago River on the southeast corner of Adams and Clinton, and by 1910 the company had 600 workers here. This factory received a seven-story addition in 1912. (Both the original building and annex have been demolished, and a portion of the Riverside Plaza office complex now occupies the site.)
Early on, the Florsheim Shoe Company, the name it took in 1908, developed a marketing strategy that placed great strength on name recognition. Florsheim opened its first company-owned store in Chicago's Loop in the Brand Building at 18 W. Jackson, just off State Street, in 1904 (building demolished), but the vast majority of the company's shoes were sold by independent retailers. Typically in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, retailers bought shoes from manufacturers and placed their own store labels on them. Milton Florsheim objected to this, both in terms of personal pride and corporate marketing, and required retailers to sell the company's shoes under the company's label. Through newspaper and magazine advertising, Florsheim developed a national reputation for high quality, and retailers became eager to showcase the company's shoes in their stores.
The Florsheim Shoe Company grew rapidly during the 1910's and 20's, building two new factory buildings within a five-year period. The first, a four-story brick factory, was built at 3927 W. Belmont Ave. in 1919. Almost immediately, the company began planning a much larger factory building (the subject property) immediately to the west on a site facing Belmont between N. Harding Ave. and N. Pulaski Rd. (then N. Crawford Ave.). The Florsheim Shoe Company took out a building permit for the Florsheim Shoe Company Building on March 4, 1924, and the building opened in 1926.
The resulting six-story building was constructed of reinforced concrete that formed a visible rectilinear grid that visually defines the building's exterior. Projecting concrete piers rose unobstructed from a ground-level base of red brick to the fifth- floor roof parapet, where the building was slightly set back with a large sixth-story penthouse. The large structural bays that were possible using reinforced concrete were glazed with large multi-paned industrial windows of metal and glass above low horizontal red-brick infill panels. The resulting design was clean and spare, depending largely upon fine proportion and scale and the contrast of pale concrete piers with deep-red brick spandrels and dark- painted window sash for visual effect.
Although the overall appearance of the building is quite spare, some ornament can be found at key points in the building's exterior. The main entrance facing Belmont is set within a simple low-arched terra-cotta surround embellished with medieval-style quoins and shields. In addition, a long and narrow horizontal terra-cotta plaque above the entrance bears the company's name, "The Florsheim Shoe Co." in pale green letters. The building's projecting concrete piers are subtly ornamented with half-diamond concrete moldings and full-diamond brick-and-tile plaques at the top of the fourth floor. (The corners of the building's rooftop parapets have been rebuilt, removing small original sections of terra-cotta ornament similar to that surrounding the building's entrance.) At the time of the Florsheim Shoe Company Building's construction, shoe manufacturing was an important component of Chicago's industrial might. According to Chicago, The Great Central Market, an overview of Chicago commerce and industry published in 1923, there were 29 shoe factories in Chicago, with more than 4,500 workers producing almost 9 million pairs of shoes per year. Chicago's shoe manufacturing industry was noted as second only to that found in New England, and the industry's national prominence was due to both Chicago's location at the nexus of American commercial rail transportation, easing the logistics of shoe shipments to stores nationwide, and the quantity and quality of leather available due to Chicago's Union Stock Yards and the city's 28 tanneries, employing more than 4,000 workers.
By the end of the 1920's, Florsheim's annual sales were $3 million, and the company had five factories in the Chicago area and 2,500 workers. It also had more than 50 company- owned stores around the United States in addition to the hundreds of independently- owned stores that sold Florsheim shoes. The halcyon economy of the 1920's collapsed after the Stock Market crash of 1929, however, and the resulting Great Depression was a very difficult time for American manufacturing. Florsheim, known for its expensive men's shoes, managed to survive both this decade-long economic downturn and the military-oriented economic recovery brought about by World War II, and was one of the top- 10 shoe manufacturers in the United States at the end of the war. Anticipating increased business, Florsheim opened a new Chicago factory in 1949 at Adams and Clinton, diagonally across from the site of its first factory. (Now altered, this building has been adapted for residential use.)
In 1953, the Florsheim Shoe Company was sold to shoe manufacturing rival International Shoe Company (later Interco, Inc.), headquartered in St. Louis. For many years, Florsheim was International Shoe's most profitable division, with 14 factories and 500 retail stores nationwide at the beginning of the 1970's. During the 1980's, however, most of Florsheim's manufacturing went to plants overseas, as was the trend with United States apparel manufacturing in general. It was in 1986 that the building passed out of Florsheim's control, when the parent company, Interco, Inc., sold the building to Records Management Services, Inc. Interco, Inc. declared bankruptcy in the early 1990's, and in 1994 Florsheim was spun off as an independent company with its headquarters back in Chicago. By 2000, Florsheim retained roughly 10 percent of the market for men's dress shoes. It currently is headquartered in Glendale, Wisconsin, as a unit of Wayco Group, Inc.
Architect Alfred S. Alschuler Alfred S. Alschuler (1876-1940), the architect of the Florsheim Shoe Company Building, was one of Chicago's most prominent early 20 th -century architects. Born in Chicago to German immigrant parents, Alschuler received bachelor's and master's degrees in architecture from the Armour Institute of Technology (now the Illinois Institute of Technology), and also took classes at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. In 1900 he began his professional career in the office of Dankmar Adler, and subsequently worked with both Adler and Samuel Atwater Treat until 1907, when he established an independent practice.


Resident preserving town cemeteries
Bedford’s cemeteries have indeed found a friend in John Wood, the founder and present chairman of the Friends of the Town of Bedford Cemeteries and a current cemetery trustee.
Formed in 2008 to help the town restore its four cemeteries, the friends are dedicated to preserving and maintaining these valuable historical resources. Bedford residents can find a plethora of information about the cemeteries and the notable personages who occupy them at www.bedfordcemeteries.org.
Wood recently took the time to answer our questions about what a cemetery trustee does, the town’s historic graves and the importance of Bedford’s cemeteries.
Here’s part of the conversation:
Q: How did you become interested in cemeteries?
A: After I retired, I became involved with the Southern New Hampshire University Continuum group. They decided to take on an outreach program of restoring the Valley Cemetery in Manchester, located next to the Verizon Arena. I was made chairman of that group and in 2001 formed a 501(c)(3) called the Friends of the Valley Cemetery and became chairman until my term expired in 2007. In that period of time, we raised more than $1.4 million for restoration of the cemetery.
Q: What is the role of a cemetery trustee?
A: I was appointed Bedford Cemetery Trustee by the town council in 2008. As a trustee, you are responsible for selling burial lots and the overall cemetery management, including tree cutting, grass mowing, and gate and fence maintenance.
Q: What are a few of the more historically significant gravestones in Bedford?
A: There are many historic gravestones in Bedford. Located at the Old Bedford Cemetery on Back River Road is the gravestone of John Goffe, who in 1750 was selected to present the petition for the incorporation of the town of Bedford to Gov. Benning Wentworth. In 2010, the friends hired a monument conservation specialist to restore his gravestone, which had broken into several pieces. Also at this cemetery is the gravestone of the Rev. John Houston, Bedford’s first minister. Stories about these people are published in a bimonthly newsletter distributed by the friends, which can be picked up at the Bedford library.
Q: Is gravestone rubbing permitted in the Bedford cemeteries?
A: State law prohibits gravestone rubbing, as it could damage the stones.
Q: Why is it important to preserve Bedford’s cemeteries?
A: Bedford cemeteries are the final resting place for men and women who were important to the founding of the town of Bedford and New Hampshire. Buried at the Bedford Center Cemetery is Isaac Riddle (1762-1830), who built a boat in Bedford Center and, with a yoke of 40 oxen, moved it to the Merrimack River and loaded it for a trip to Boston. When it arrived, it was hailed with cheers, the firing of cannons and the following announcement in the Boston Centinel: “Arrived from Bedford, New Hampshire, Canal-Boat, Isaac Riddle, Captain via Merrimac River and Middlesex Canal.”
Q: Not all New England towns make such an effort to preserve their cemeteries and educate the community about their value. What makes Bedford so diligent in this respect?
A: Starting with grade school, young Bedford children learn about the importance of founding people who are buried in Bedford. Ann Orr was born in Bedford in 1872 and at the age of 19 began to teach and taught for 45 consecutive years. She taught such people as Horace Greeley, who became a renowned newspaper editor for the New York Tribune.
Q: Are the Friends of the Town of Bedford Cemeteries currently working on any restoration projects?
A: The friends have contracted for 10 gravestones to be restored at the Old Bedford Cemetery in the spring. Also, groups of trained volunteers will cleaning gravestones.
Q: I hear you’re involved with the Bedford Strawberry Festival. Could you tell me more about that event and your involvement with it?
A: The friends will sponsor this year the fourth annual Strawberry Festival on Saturday, June 2. Also, the Animal Rescue League of New Hampshire will exhibit. Lori Radke, Bedford town clerk, will be present to register dogs.
Q: Are you involved with any other organizations in the community?
A: I am a director of the Bedford Public Library Foundation and past president of the Bedford Rotary Club.


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about 100 miles away, and left food supplies for a few weeks. But crops on the Bikinians’ new home produced signif
icantly less food than those on Bikini, and the nearby waters had far less edible catch.
Within two years, the population was on the verge of starvation.
In 1948, the US responded to their plight. Once more the Bikinians were uprooted — this ti
me to Kwajalein, where they lived in tents next to a cement airstrip used by Americans. Six months lat
er, they were shipped to Kili Island, 400 miles south of Bikini, where they again began to starve.
One attempt was made to resettle the Bikinians in the late 1960s when some 150 residents we
re returned to their atoll. But in 1978 it was revealed that within one year some residents had seen a 75% inc
rease in radioactive material in their bodies, and all residents were once again moved, this time to Majuro Atoll.
In the early 1980s, the Bikinians filed a class action lawsuit against the US, which eventually resu
lted in the creation of a $90 million trust fund for their local government for cleanup and resettlement purposes.
Still, presidential vetoes occur more often than you might think. Every president since Garfield has vetoed at least
one bill. The younger Bush was the first president since John Quincy Adams to go a full four years without a veto, acco
rding to the Congressional Research Service. The House, which was Republican-led for Bush’s entire first term,
was protecting him from bills he opposed. Barack Obama, similarly, had help on Capitol Hill for most of his pr
esidency, just as Trump has. But Obama did veto two bills even when Democrats controlled both chambers of Congress.
The President with the most vetoes was Democrat Roosevelt, wi
th 635, although he also served the longest in the White House (12 years). All those vetoes cam
e even though Roosevelt enjoyed Democratic majorities for his entire time in the White House.
If you plot vetoes alongside how closely aligned Congress is
to the president, it used to be quite common for a president to veto bills from a House and Senate ali
gned with him. This data comes from The American Presidency Project at the University of California at Santa Barbara.


We acknowledge this sacred land on which the Margin of Eras Gallery operates. It has been a site of human activity for 15,000 years. This land is the territory of the Huron-Wendat and Petun First Nations, the Seneca, and most recently, the Mississaugas of the Credit River.
The territory was the subject of the Dish With One Spoon Wampum Belt Covenant, an agreement between the Iroquois Confederacy and Confederacy of the Ojibwe and allied nations to peaceably share and care for the resources around the Great Lakes.
Today, the meeting place of Toronto is still the home to many Indigenous people from across Turtle Island, and we are grateful to have the opportunity to work in the community, on this territory.
The Margin of Eras Gallery
1684 Queen Street West
(in Toronto's beautiful Parkdale neighbourhood)
180 Shaw Street, Suite 2
Wednesday — Friday 12-7pm
Sunday — Tuesday CLOSED
There is a ramp at the door, but only one washroom which is down a flight of stairs. The closest accessible washrooms are just west of the gallery at McDonalds at Queen and Roncesvalles (open 24 hrs)
Please help us make the MOEG a nut-free environment.
Take the 501 Queen Streetcar East to Queen St West at Triller Avenue, and walk one minute west to the MOEG (1684 Queen St W.)
From Dundas West station, take the East 504 King Streetcar south on Roncesvalles Ave, exit at Queen Street W, and walk two minutes east to the MOEG (1684 Queen St W.)
Driving East on the Gardiner Expressway
Take the Lakeshore Boulevard W exit from the Gardiner Expressway, continue on Lakeshore Boulevard W, and take the Queensway to Queen Street W – the MOEG will be on your left.
Driving West on the Gardiner Expressway
Take the Jameson Avenue exit from the Gardiner Expressway, make a left on King St W and turn right onto Queen St W – the MOEG will be on your left.
Paid street parking available in front of the gallery — please note parking here is off limits Monday-Friday between 4-6pm (rush hour).
A Green P lot is available for parking at Queen & Callendar (Carpark 256, 1624 Queen St W) for $1.00/half hour, and is approximately a two minute walk east of the gallery.
Another Green P lot is available for parking on Fuller St. just north of Queen (Carpark 33, 14 Fuller Avenue) for $1.25/half hour, and is approximately a four minute walk east of the gallery.


ICONIC LEADER OF COMMANDER CODY AND HIS LOST PLANET AIRMEN.
American country rock band founded in 1967. The band's style mixed country, rock 'n' roll, Western swing, rockabilly, and jump blues together on a foundation of boogie-woogie piano. It was among the first country-rock bands to take its cues less from folk-rock and bluegrass and more from barroom country of the Ernest Tubb and Ray Price style. A pioneer in incorporating Western swing into its music, the band became known for marathon live shows.
The group released their first album in late 1971, Lost in the Ozone, which yielded its best-known hit, a cover version of the 1955 song Hot Rod Lincoln, which reached the top ten on the Billboard singles chart in early 1972.


Pope Sixtus V > Fountains > Christmass tale > True cross
Helena Augusta or Helena Constantinople is the mother of the Emperor Constantine the Great. In 325 AD, Helena made her way to the Holy Land to recover relics from Christ’s tomb. When she arrived in Jerusalem, she ordered the Venus temple built over Christ’s tomb near Calvary to be torn down. She then ordered the site to be excavated and discovered what became to be known as the ‘True Cross’ of Christ. Although all three crosses of the crucifixions at Calvary were recovered, it was allegedly a dying woman who touched the ‘True Cross’ and miraculously recovered. By this act, she identified the ‘True Cross’ from these three crosses. After the recovery of the ‘True Cross’ Helena built the ‘Church of Holy Sepulchre’ at the burial place of Christ at the orders of her son Constantine the Great.
The consecration date of the ‘Church of Holy Sepulchre’ was 13 September 335 AD. This day is still celebrated in Christian traditions and is called the day of the ‘Exaltation of the Holy Cross’. While the dedication of the Church was held on September 13th, the ‘True Cross’ was brought outside the church on the following day on September 14th for public display and veneration.
Most interestingly the celebration date of the Roman Goddess Juno displayed at the Four Fountains in Rome is also the 13th of September. In addition Sixtus V re-erected the obelisk at St Peter’s Square on the day of the ‘Exaltation of the Cross’ in 1586. This symbolic day was surely chosen to dedicate the obelisk to the ‘True Cross’ which is not Christ’s cross, but the eight pointed cross depicted at St Peter’s Square.
Until 1969 in the Catholic Church, the four Ember days of the liturgical calendar were celebrated. The Ember days were spaced roughly equidistant in the calendar year and meant three days of fasting. One of these fasting days was in the week after the Holy Cross Day of September 14th. These four fasting periods therefore represent a four-pointed cross in the liturgical calendar. And this is where the association with the esoteric meaning of the ‘True Cross’ begins.
One can be sure that in 325 AD, Helena did not recover the cross of the crucifixion since this cross was allegedly found buried near Christ’s tomb. It’s hardly conceivable that a wooden cross that has been buried for three centuries could be preserved in good condition. It’s therefore far more reasonable to suspect that Helena discovered Christ’s esoteric ‘True Cross’.
While the allegedly recovered remains of the cross of Jesus’ crucifixion were presented to the public as the exoteric ‘True Cross’, the esoteric ‘True Cross’ was what was most likely really discovered by Helena in Jerusalem.
A nun named Egeria described the veneration of the True Cross in Jerusalem in 380 AD, and she explained how the Holy Cross was kissed by congregations in ceremonials. During these ceremonials a deacon held the ring of King Solomon.
The bishop of Genoa, Jacopa de Voragine wrote the ‘Golden Legend’. In the ‘Golden Legend’ the True Cross originated from the seed of the Tree of Life in the Garden of Eden. This seed was eaten by Adam and after Adam’s death and burial a tree started to grow from this seed. This tree was eventually cut and used to build a bridge for Queen Sheba on her voyage to meet King Solomon. She told Solomon about the exceptional quality of the timber of the bridge and Solomon preserved the timber to become the timber of the ‘True Cross’ for the crucifixion of Christ 14 centuries later.
These legends connect the ‘True Cross’ with King Solomon and we can only surmise that the ‘True Cross’ is the Key of Solomon’s, the eight-pointed cross!
The day of the consecration of the Holy Sepulchre in 335 AD was not just an ordinary date. It had an astronomical significance. The date of the consecration in the Julian calendar was 14th September which is 15th September in the Gregorian calendar.
14th September 335 AD (Julian calendar)
On the 14th of September 335 AD, the Sun resided at the center of the constellation Virgo. Virgo is the constellation of the virgin and is symbolically referring to Mary, the mother of Jesus. The constellation Pisces, on the other hand, is associated with Christ. Christ was a fisherman, and the Vesica Pisces is the universal symbol of Christianity.
The inauguration date of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre may therefore esoterically be referring to the Galactic Cross that connects the signs Virgo and Pisces with the birthplaces of the Sun, the Silver and the Golden Gate on the Galactic Equator.
Esoteric significance of the Galactic Cross that connects the mother with the son and the birthplaces of the Sun
It comes, therefore, as no surprise that the Chi-Rho cross that Constantine the Great saw in his vision is a cross that is sometimes depicted as an eight-pointed cross.
The letters Alpha and Omega in the Labarum in reality correspond with the alpha and omega of the precession cycle, the moment of the Great Celestial Conjunction around 2012 when one precession cycle ends and another starts. While the alpha and omega in Christianity exoterically refer to Christ’s birth and Second Coming; esoterically it is referring to the end and start of the precession cycle. The combination of the eight-pointed cross with the alpha and omega can still be found in Catholic churches today. We can be sure that the Chi-Rho is related to our Sun and NOT to a ‘mystery star’ as Herschel suggests, since the Chi-Rho appeared to Constantine in his vision next to the Sun!
Chi-Rho in eight-pointed cross form.
Christian Alpha and Omega forming an eight-pointed cross form.
Constantine the Great was the first Roman emperor to be converted to Christianity. In his time, the Roman pagan Sun worshipping religion of Mithraism was slowly surpassed by Christianity and his mother Helena converted Constantine to Christianity.
It seems that both Constantine and his mother Helena were fully aware of the Egyptian significance of the ‘True Cross’, not the one that Jesus but that Horus died on in the precession cycle. Being converted to Christianity, Constantine’s mission was to eradicate the true roots of Christianity. He made great strides in this respect at the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD where the first dogmas and creeds of the church were defined. This was technically the event where Christianity in its modern form was designed, all of the canonical books were selected and the pagan Egyptian roots were eradicated.
But the ‘True Cross’ was and has never been fully eradicated from Christianity. It survived until this very day in its esoteric form and for those with eyes to see and ears to hear the time of the Revealing, ‘Revelations’ is here to lift the veal of Christianity and reveal what has been hidden under a small layer of veneer for centuries. This is the true Da Vinci Code revealing the deceptions of Christianity. We may only hope and pray that this is what Dan Brown will also be revealing in his next novel titled ‘the Key of Solomon’.
21st December 2008


Reverend George Billman was called to serve as "mission developer" beginning in February 1958. Shortly afterward, the "Lutheran Mission" decided to call the church "Christ the King." On March 23rd, 1958 the first twenty-eight persons signed the congregational charter. The present property was purchased by the Ohio Synod, United Lutheran Church in America (which would later become part of the Southern Ohio Synod, Evangelical Lutheran Church of America in 1988). On April 6, 1958 the first services were held in the house/chapel on the new property.


It is in the throne room that the queen on special occasions receives loyal addresses.
Buckingham palace throne room photos.
The throne room at buckingham palace summons up the history and pageantry associated with the working monarchy like no other space in the building.
The palace has a total of 775 rooms including 19 state rooms 52 bedrooms 188 staff bedrooms 92 offices and 78 bathrooms.
The throne room perhaps one of the most iconic rooms in buckingham palace the throne room has been used for everything from balls and investitures to the official wedding photos after prince.
Another use of the throne room has been for formal wedding photographs.
The primary architect of buckingham palace john nash had a background in theater design.
Photos of buckingham.
Buckingham palace the throne room photo.
Buckingham palace is the british monarchy s administrative headquarters but it s not your typical office.
Apart from the thrones in the room actually named throne room there is also a pair of thrones in the buckingham palace ballroom that is a larger multi purpose hall within the palace.
The royal family s official instagram page shared snaps of some of the state rooms within the palace including the throne room left and the white drawing room right.
Ben shephard and kate garraway take a look in the throne room.
This glimpse inside the royal s throne room captures the majesty and grandeur of the royal family.
Royal collection trust her majesty queen elizabeth ii 2020 crimson drawing room windsor castle.
The dominant color of the crimson drawing room is.
Nowhere is that more apparent than in the throne.
Xinhua alamy throne room buckingham palace.
In a newly surfaced 2002 photo the just captured accused jeffrey epstein madam sits on queen elizabeth ii s throne during a private buckingham palace tour with actor kevin spacey at her.


Our gîtes are set in the heart of the most majestic part of the Dordogne, in a quiet off road location, just outside of the hill top Bastille town of Domme, and 15 minutes from the medieval city of Sarlat.
Nearby Airports include Brive, Bergerac and Limoges.
The area is a photographers dream!
The scenic views are breathtaking, and the magnificent architecture documents the area's fascinating history, with a chateau around almost every corner.
Nearby attractions include the town of La Roque Gageac built into the cliffs, Castelnaud and Beynac castle (open to the public), and the beautiful gardens of Marqueysac.


History has it; In the 9th century a local herdsman named Kaldi saw one of his goats acting anomaly after eating the berries of a certain shrub. Kaldi then complained to the local Abbot of a monastery about the frolicsome behaviour of his goat. This then started being practiced in the monastery which grew into the community and finally went on globally. This chain, tower of dreamers, of achievement is what Tomoca is based on. The passion of dreamers to disrupt the status quo the same way that anomaly goat did, is shared with Tomoca.


Sun, Jun 20|
New Berlin Historical Park
Father's Day at Historical Park
Bring Dad and Grandpa and enjoy a stroll on the grounds & a free root beer float! The New Berlin Historical Society will be giving tours, providing plenty of kid activities and desserts, hotdogs and beverages.
Registration is ClosedSee other events


Finding the perfect used Asia couldn’t be easier with Carsnip - we’re pleased to offer you 1 used Asia vehicles at great prices. With such a large variety all in one place, we make it simple for you to find the ideal used Asia car in your area.
With 1 used Asia cars available, we offer more choice than any other UK car websiteSearch used Asia
Initially Motors Asia specialised in the manufacture of military vehicles and eventually diversified into the SUV and heavy vehicle markets. They also produced lightweight cars and civilian Jeeps. Their small civilian Jeep was named the Rocsta and later the Retona. Asia Motors closed in 1999, and since 1976 was a subsidiary of Kia Motors. Kia Motors, in turn were purchased by Hyundai.


The Clare Charity Centre, Wycombe Road,
and the switchboard number is 0300 303 1111 or +44 (0)1494 569100 from abroad.____________________________________________________________________________________________
HORSLEY'S GREEN SCHOOL
STOKENCHURCH, NEAR HIGH WYCOMBE. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
DID YOU ATTEND HORSLEY'S GREEN SCHOOL ??
During the second world war the government formed the National camp school corporation to build and manage a number of "Camp Schools" built in the style of a small army camp. These schools were used to evacuate children at risk from the blitz and run by the local councils from whose area the evacuees came. After the war ended there was no longer a need for these schools and they were put on the for sale market and offered to local education committees. Some were pruchased by the larger counties and were run as boarding schools.Lancashire purchased Stokenchurch Camp School, latter renamed Horsley's Green School and so here starts our story.
Lancashire Education Committee ran Horsley's Green School a boarding school for boys near High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire from 1947 until the early 1970's. In order to attend the school boy's had to attend a secondary school run by Lancashire Education Committee this meant that boy's from the County Boroughs such as Blackburn, Wigan and Warrington and the Cities of Liverpool and Manchester were excluded from attending. But this did mean that there were boy's from the Furness district in the north to Ashton on Mersey in the east and Widnes in the South west.
Alan who made the website and gleaned the information over a number of years published them in booklet form.
We are pleased that the book is for sale either in printed form or as an ebook download from LULU.COM
However this website has no connection with LULU.COM
CLICK ABOVE LINK


Welcome to the Town of Pelham Massachusetts Fire Department web page. I became the chief in 2022 after moving to town with my family during the Covid 19 pandemic. I work as a fulltime fire fighter/EMT for a local city fire department, as well as the program coordinator for the Massachusetts Department of Fire Services, Special Operations Division. I have also worked as a fire academy instructor, emergency management director and communications specialist. As a history enthusiast, Pelham is an amazing place full of history. From the Quabbin Reservoir, made up of the 4 towns taken by the commonwealth of Prescott, Dana, Greenwich, Enfield and part of Pelham to Daniel Shays Rebellion you can feel the history in the air. Pelham Town Hall, is the oldest operating town hall in America, built in 1743. It was an honor and privilege to be sworn in as Fire Chief on the front steps, the very same steps Daniel Shays walked on so many years ago. I encourage you to visit our wonderful little town in person if you can, or enjoy the many web sites about the area.


On a trip to Malaysia and Singapore some years ago, I swooned around the grand Raffles Hotel for hours, made a pilgrimage to the Eton-esque Malay College (where I was shown the bathroom built for the recent visit of Queen Elizabeth II) and gazed through the gates at Singapore’s Cricket Club. Purchases included an old Raffles advertising poster and a photo taken at the time of 1953 coronation (when both nations were still part of the Empire). My studies of British history surely piqued my interest in imperial artifacts, but I hadn’t expected to be so thrilled by what the colonizers had left behind.
I was equally thrilled by the region’s food. But with the exception of the (somewhat disappointing) Singapore Sling, the local cuisines, which reflect the influence of the region’s substantial Chinese, Indian and Nyonyan (Chinese who intermarried with Malay locals) populations, seem to show little evidence of the former British overlords. Equally, neither classic dishes such as laksa, nasi lemak and beef rendang, nor the addictive melting-pot of sweet, spicy and sour flavours, were transmitted back to Blighty.
The case was otherwise with India, where the duration and intensity of imperial influence was far greater. The former largely gained ingredients, such as tea and beetroot, while British settlers (or, more likely, their Indian cooks) developed hybrid dishes, such as mulligatawny and kedgeree (about which I wrote here). From the Victorian period onwards, curry powders were also introduced to the English domestic market, with the result that by the end of the Raj in 1947, the warming (though usually mild) spice mix had become a pantry staple.
It’s tempting to say that curry powder first achieved marquee status during the 1935 ceremonies for George V’s silver jubilee, when the Palace’s chefs concocted a cold chicken dish dressed with a mix of curry powder and mayonnaise. But undoubtedly the most famous use of the ingredient came at a somewhat later royal celebration: the 1953 coronation of the current Queen, Elizabeth II. Created by Rosemary Hume, founder and director of London's white-glove cookery school, Le Cordon Bleu, Coronation Chicken was prepared for a luncheon of 350 Commonwealth dignitaries. The recipe was also printed in newspapers and magazines, and likely served at many of the street parties held across the nation.
The original recipe called for poaching and deboning whole birds, preparing a cooked curry cream sauce (including wine, tomato puree and dried apricots) to which mayonnaise was then added, and serving the entire dish along a cold, herby rice salad.
Newer versions of this retro classic have simplified matters considerably, often using precooked chicken, making a thick, mayonnaise-based dressing, and utilizing the multi-dimensional chutney instead of several other flavouring agents. I chose to cook my own chicken, though good-quality rotisserie could definitely be substituted. I did notice that the highly-seasoned (French) mayonnaise I used somewhat overwhelmed the other flavours. This is, somewhat regrettably, an instance in which neutral Hellmans may be best.
Total time 70 minutes; Active time: 10-15 minutes
2 chicken legs
1 heaping tbsp mayo
3-4 tsp mango chutney
½ tsp lemon juice
½ tsp mild curry powder (we used Bolsts madras curry)
Small handful of cilantro
Romaine lettuce leaves to serve (optional)
Place the chicken legs in a wide frying pan or saute pan filled with cold water. Add a few peppercorns, 2 or 3 bay leaves, salt and turn heat to high. As soon as a boil is reached, turn down to a bare simmer. Continue poaching until the chicken is firm and cooked through to the bone. Take off the heat and cool until the meat can be taken off the bone and skin and shredded into bite-sized pieces.
While the chicken cools, make the curry sauce. Add mayo to a bowl, add the curry powder and ½ the chutney. Squeeze in a bit of lemon, and taste. Continue adding chutney until the desired balance of sweetness, heat and creaminess is reached. Season as needed, then mix the chicken through until thoroughly but lightly coated in sauce. Tear or cut the cilantro, top the chicken and serve, possibly on lettuce leaves.


Tarzana is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles, California. Tarzana is a mostly residential community on the site of a former ranch owned by Edgar Rice Burroughs, author of the popular Tarzan novels. The median age, 38, was old when compared to the rest of the city and the county. The median household income in 2008 dollars was considered high, at $73,195.
The area now known as Tarzana was occupied in 1797 by Spanish settlers and missionaries who established the San Fernando Mission. Later absorbed by Mexico, the land was ceded to the United States in 1848 by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the Mexican-American War. Under US rule it evolved into a series of large cattle ranches owned by local elites. Investors took over in the 1870s, turning grazing into large-scale wheat farm operation.
The Tarzana Recreation Center has a gymnasium that also is used as an auditorium; the building’s capacity is 600. The park also has barbecue pits, a lighted baseball diamond, lighted outdoor basketball courts, a children’s play area, a community room, an indoor gymnasium without weights, picnic tables, and lighted volleyball courts.


Wherever you go, there will be a place that you will find extra special. For some people, they find religious places, more than just buildings, but something that they can find satisfaction every time they set their feet in it.
Here are 30 of the most interesting sacred places people visit frequently.
1The Karnak Temple Complex in Egypt
Karnak is one of the largest religious sites ever built. It is filled with stone carved temples and sanctuaries and was built in the 14th century BC.


Xerjoff Casamorati 1888 Mefisto Gentiluomo Eau De Parfum 100ml
The perfect gentlemen's cologne made in 1888 for the traditional Italian barber shops.
With their beautiful hardwood floors and leather chairs, the shops, where traditional men's care was combined with political and literary conversations, were the perfect environment for the gentlemen who wanted to look smooth and sharp.Ready for all special occasions.
TOP: bergamot, lavender, citrus, grapefruit
HEART: iris, rose, violets
BASE: amber, cedar, musk
XERJOFF CASAMORATI is a collection of perfumes inspired by the ancient art of Italian perfumery. The collection reconstructs the history of this important Italian perfume house with the intention of preserving the historical and artistic heritage of the glamorous Art Nouveau era.


A rare opportunity
to view the historic home of the Bowes-Lyon family.
Originally built in the years up to 1840, the house was largely rebuilt after a fire in 1888.
The building housed a school from 1937 until 1988 when it was listed Grade II.
Redeveloped as a hospital in the 1990s, it has had a long and varied history
which will be explained while viewing the architecture.
Tea and a cake at the end of the tour.


Rose Island Then and Now
In Charlestown, Indiana there is a small peninsula formed by 14 Mile Creek and the Ohio River. On this peninsula in the 1800s grew a large amount of ferns which contributed to its name, Fern Grove, and made it a great spot for a lazy afternoon picnic. The land was later purchased by the Louisville and Jeffersonville Ferry Company in 1881 and made this one of their stops for passengers which only added to its popularity. This went on for 42 years until a businessman from Louisville, David Rose, bought the land in 1923 and renamed it to what we know this peninsula as today: Rose Island. The renaming wasn’t the only change that he made to the area; shortly after his purchase Rose began transforming the land into an amusement park.
For a time business was booming at Rose Island with its swimming pool, dance hall, zoo, golf course, picnic area, cottages, and hotel accommodations. However, with the Great Depression beginning at the end of the 1920s, less than a decade after Rose bought the land, things began to slow down. The final blow to Rose Island came in 1937. Devastating flooding of the Ohio River swallowed up the park and left it in a state of disrepair. Initial announcements of repairs to the park were made but eventually the decision was made to close it to the public for good. In the years following the surrounding land housed an ammunition plant during World War II and then was eventually donated to Charlestown State Park in 1995.
Today the abandoned Rose Island can be accessed by Trails 3 and 7 in Charlestown State Park. Be prepared for a steep climb back up to your car along the paved Trail 3, it’s a doozy! While today’s Rose Island lacks the splendor that it once held, remnants of the once popular amusement park and picnic spot remain on the peninsula and continue to draw visitors. A visit to Rose Island provides a short loop around with informative plaques as well as posts showing the locations that have been reclaimed by nature over the years. On these posts visitors will also be able to see the depth of the Ohio River during the 1937 flood that destroyed the amusement park. Keep scrolling to see a small selection of photos from the Indiana Room’s collection of historic photos as well as what the park looks like today.
Interested in other historical photos that the Indiana Room has to offer? Check out the entire Indiana Room Special Collections catalog here.
By: Hanna Gish


The Wheatsheaf Centre
The Wheatsheaf Centre opened its doors in 1990, but prior to that the location has always been an important part of Rochdale’s history. Records show that the site was used by many businesses prior to becoming a shopping centre including tea merchants called Tower Place as early as 1885 and dating from 1910 the Wheatsheaf site was a woollen mill, iron foundry and in 1976 The Famous Army stores, Cradock’s footwear, Coombes footwear and the White Lion Hotel, to name a few, were all residents at this site.
The name Wheatsheaf Centre came about because of an area on the site known as the Wheatsheaf Court. The mayor of Rochdale, Councillor Ronald Taylor JP laid a foundation stone on 29 September 1988 and then two years later the Centre was officially opened.
Throughout the 1990’s and 2000’s many changes have happened within the centre from large nationals and unique independent retailers with many more to come as Rochdale town centre enters the latest phase of its own redevelopment.
Our remodel of the Baillie Street entrance is now complete and completely transformed the area into an impressive entrance facing the new Riverside Centre, Metrolink, Bus Interchange and No.1 Riverside Council Offices. It really is an exciting time for the Wheatsheaf and all those involved in the regeneration of Rochdale.


The birth of this formula was in Austria during the 18th century Saxon-Austrian empires. The Konrads were woodworkers. They built windmills, carriages, and furniture. To preserve all this wood from the invasion of mold, termites, and natural destruction, Conrads Oil was created and used. The natural soul and beauty of the wood was renewed.
John Conrad's father and grandfather immigrated to Detroit, Michigan U.S.A. in 1903 Americanizing their name to Conrad. They brought the formula with them. It has been passed on from family member to member for over 200 years until we (Jeff and Anna) recently purchased the Conrad's Wood Food Oil business from Kurt, John's son.
Jeff grew up purchasing bottles with his dad from John Conrad. He remembers how his dad would tell everyone about this amazing oil.
It is an honor and privilege to be able to continue to make Conrad's Oil available to all of you. We look forward to continuing the tradition passed down through the centuries!
Jeff and Anna


The Villa is well situated for travelling to some of Italy’s best destinations. Within short driving distance, is Lucca, the Viareggio beach areas, Pisa and Firenze (Florence). Then, there are beautiful hilltop towns and villages, rich with history and culture.
While the Leaning Tower of Pisa is the most famous image of Pisa, it is one of many works of art and architecture in the city's Piazza dei Miracoli or "Square of Miracles", to the north of the old town center.
Pisa boasts more famous architectural and artistic buildings, as well as several Museums and beautiful churches. Pisa hosts the University of Pisa, especially renowned in the fields of Physics, Mathematics, Engineering and Computer Science, the Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and the Scuola Normale Superiore, the Italian academic élite institutions, mostly for research and the education of graduate students.
Lucca is an ancient and medieval city, and was an important city and fortress in the 6th Century. Later, Lucca became prosperous through the silk trade that began in the 11th century, and came to rival the silks of Byzantium. During the 10-11th centuries Lucca was the capital of the feudal margravate of Tuscany.
The walls around the old town remained intact as the city expanded and modernized, unusual for cities in the region. As the walls lost their military importance, they became a pedestrian promenade which encircled the old town, although they were used for a number of years in the 20th century for racing cars. They are still fully intact today; each of the four principal sides is lined with a different tree species.
The streets inside the walls are lined with beautiful shops, including fashion stores, sunglass stores and beautiful restaurants. It makes a beautiful city to explore, and hiring a bicycle and riding around the city on the fortress walls is absolutely recommended.
Viareggio is a popular tourist destination with a historic fishing harbour, and is also known for its manufacture of luxury motor yachts.
The wide, endless beaches, the excellent cuisine - most notably, the seafood - and the exciting night-life with its well-known "Versilian" discos -all contribute to make Viareggio a great destination, especially as it is just 15 minutes from the Villa.
The Tuscan area is home to an abundance of different activities. Upon request, we will assist in the organization of day tours, classes, group excursions. High season months do require advance booking.
Personalized cooking courses with local famous Chefs
Olive Oil Tastings
Guided Trekking Tour in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines


City in Bloom
2016 Award Ceremony
This year the Award Ceremony was held in the newly refurbished City Centre and the Roman Amphitheatre that lies beneath the Guildhall Yard. The Ceremony is sponsored by J. B. Riney & Co Ltd.
The Roman Amphitheatre was accessed through The City Centre. It was rediscovered in 1988 hidden beneath Guildhall Yard. Built in AD70 as a simple wooden structure, the amphitheatre was rebuilt in the early 2nd century taking its capacity up to 6,000 people. After the Romans abandoned Britain in the 4th century, the amphitheatre was dismantled; much of it was carried away and used for building material. As London grew in population, the site was gradually built over and forgotten. Today the arena has been partially excavated and provided an extraordinary, atmospheric venue for our Award Ceremony.
City in Bloom 2016
2016 has been another brilliant year for City in Bloom. We were delighted to welcome J. B. Riney and Co. Ltd. as our sponsor this year. The competition opened on 1st May and over 130 entries have been received from residents, City businesses and institutions, schools and community groups.
CiB brings together the wide community of gardeners in the City to celebrate and promote biodiversity, horticultural expertise, excellence of design and careful maintenance. We reward best practice, community and staff involvement and accessibility. CiB is above all fun; our volunteers love meeting all the entrants and delight in the infinite variety of our wonderful green spaces.