Graveâs disease can be treated with medication. Thyroiditis is an inflammation of the thyroid, which may be painful or cause no pain at all. It may cause the thyroid to overproduce hormone. Thyroid nodules are abnormal masses or lumps in the thyroid gland that may cause hyperthyroidism.hyroid disease occurs when your thyroid under-or over-produces the correct amount of thyroid hormone. It can cause elevated cholesterol levels, heart disease, infertility, muscle weakness, osteoporosis, coma, and even death. Thyroid disease can be hereditary.