The term gospel also refers to written accounts of Jesus's life and teaching, four of whichâ Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John âare considered canonical and included in Christian Bibles. Christianity began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century.Originating in Judea, it quickly spread to Europe, Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Egypt, Ethiopia, and India and by the end of the 4th century had become the official state church of the Roman Empire.he term gospel also refers to written accounts of Jesus's life and teaching, four of whichâ Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John âare considered canonical and included in Christian Bibles. Christianity began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century.