Overview of Craniofacial Anomalies What are craniofacial anomalies? Craniofacial anomalies (CFA) are a diverse group of deformities in the growth of the head and facial bones. Anomaly is a medical term meaning irregularity or different from normal.. These abnormalities are congenital (present at birth) and there are numerous variations--some are mild and some are severe and require surgery.