1 Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912) , established after the success of the Wuchang uprising. 2  Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937â40) , established by the Empire of Japan when invading Eastern China. Provisional Government of Western Thrace (1913), established in modern Greece in opposition to annexation by Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War. 2  Provisional Government of Northern Epirus (1914), established against annexation to Albania.