Long-term non-specific effects of BCG and smallpox vaccinations Short summary Evidence indicates that live attenuated vaccines reduce morbidity and mortality to an extent that is not only due to the protection against the target disease of the vaccine. Most of the research involves children, and the potential long-term effects among adults are less explored. This PhD project aims to explore the long-term non-specific effects of the vaccines against smallpox (vaccinia) and against tuberculosis (BCG) on adult health. This will be done in five studies with mortality, infections, and cancer (malignant melanoma) as main outcomes.