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saul

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  1. json_patents/06983487.json +476 -0
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json_patents/06983487.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Baseball catcher's mask",
3
+ "abstract": "A protective headgear, such as a baseball catcher's mask, is disclosed. The protective headgear includes a shell, a cage, padding, and a strap/harness device. The shell includes a flared jaw area providing protection to the player/wearer's jaw. The cage includes a throat protection portion that extends downward, past the shell, and a flared ear portion, flaring away from the wearer's face, which keeps balls in front of the player/wearer. Padding is strategically placed inside the chin and forehead areas for protection. The protective headgear is designed to be used with a separate catcher's skull helmet. The strap/harness device is used to connect the protective headgear to the separate catcher's skull helmet.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Rickon"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983487",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [],
10
+ "claims": [
11
+ {
12
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
13
+ "preamble": "1. A head and face protection apparatus comprising:",
14
+ "components": [
15
+ {
16
+ "component": "a concave shell with a crown portion, forehead portion, chin portion, two jaw portions and two side portions;",
17
+ "subcomponents": []
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "an elongated view opening between said forehead portion and said chin portion;",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "component": "said forehead portion connected to said chin portion by means of said side portions and said jaw portions;",
25
+ "subcomponents": []
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "component": "said side portions terminating vertically, toward the rear, prior to, and rather than, extending over and covering an associated wearer's ears;",
29
+ "subcomponents": []
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "component": "said jaw portion following contour of said associated wearer's jaw until connection with said side portions;",
33
+ "subcomponents": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "component": "said jaw portion, at said connection with said side portions, and in conjunction with said side portions, flaring outward, in a direction away from said associated wearer's head, such that the jaw portion and side portions form a concave shape;",
37
+ "subcomponents": []
38
+ },
39
+ {
40
+ "component": "said crown portion extending over the front half of said associated wearer's head; and,",
41
+ "subcomponents": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "component": "said crown portion terminating intermediate to the front half and back half of said associated wearer's head.",
45
+ "subcomponents": []
46
+ }
47
+ ]
48
+ },
49
+ {
50
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
51
+ "preamble": "2. The head and face protection apparatus of claim 1 further comprising;",
52
+ "components": [
53
+ {
54
+ "component": "a forehead interior surface of said forehead portion with padding therein;",
55
+ "subcomponents": []
56
+ },
57
+ {
58
+ "component": "a chin interior surface of said chin portion with padding therein; and",
59
+ "subcomponents": []
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "component": "an exterior rear surface with a harness device thereon.",
63
+ "subcomponents": []
64
+ }
65
+ ]
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
69
+ "preamble": "3. The head and face protection apparatus of claim 2 wherein said harness device includes a strap.",
70
+ "components": []
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
74
+ "preamble": "4. The head and face protection apparatus of claim 1 wherein said shell is adapted to an associated catcher's skull helmet.",
75
+ "components": []
76
+ },
77
+ {
78
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
79
+ "preamble": "5. The head and face protection apparatus of claim 1 wherein said shell is adapted to cover and protect said associated wearer's forehead, jaw, throat, cheeks, mouth, and ears.",
80
+ "components": []
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
84
+ "preamble": "6. The head and face protection apparatus of claim 1 wherein said shell is adapted to receive a cage device; said cage device is operatively connected to said shell and spaced a distance of 1 to 3 inches from associated wearer's nose.",
85
+ "components": []
86
+ },
87
+ {
88
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
89
+ "preamble": "7. The head and face protection apparatus of claim 6 wherein said cage device substantially covers said elongated view opening of said shell.",
90
+ "components": []
91
+ },
92
+ {
93
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
94
+ "preamble": "8. The head and face protection apparatus of claim 1 wherein said shell is made of plastic.",
95
+ "components": []
96
+ },
97
+ {
98
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
99
+ "preamble": "9. A head and face protection apparatus comprising:",
100
+ "components": [
101
+ {
102
+ "component": "a concave shell with a crown portion, forehead portion, chin portion, two jaw portions and two side portions, wherein said shell is adapted to receive a cage device, said cage device is operatively connected to said shell and spaced a distance of 1 to 3 inches from associated wearer's nose, wherein said cage device substantially covers said elongated view opening of said shell;",
103
+ "subcomponents": []
104
+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "component": "an elongated view opening between said forehead portion and said chin portion;",
107
+ "subcomponents": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "component": "said forehead portion connected to said chin portion by means of said side portions and said jaw portions;",
111
+ "subcomponents": []
112
+ },
113
+ {
114
+ "component": "said side portions terminating vertically, toward the rear, prior to, and rather than, extending over and covering an associated wearer's ears;",
115
+ "subcomponents": []
116
+ },
117
+ {
118
+ "component": "said jaw portion following contour of said associated wearer's jaw until connection with said side portions;",
119
+ "subcomponents": []
120
+ },
121
+ {
122
+ "component": "said jaw portion, at said connection with said side portions, and in conjunction with said side portions, flaring outward, in a direction away from said associated wearer's head;",
123
+ "subcomponents": []
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "component": "said crown portion extending over the front half of said associated wearer's head; and,",
127
+ "subcomponents": []
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "component": "said crown portion terminating intermediate to the front half and back half of said associated wearer's head, wherein said cage device includes a lower portion and two ear portions, said lower portion extending downward over associated wearer's throat area, and said ear portions extending outward away from said associated wearer's face.",
131
+ "subcomponents": []
132
+ }
133
+ ]
134
+ },
135
+ {
136
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
137
+ "preamble": "10. The head and face protection apparatus of claim 9 further comprising:",
138
+ "components": [
139
+ {
140
+ "component": "a forehead interior surface of said forehead portion with padding therein;",
141
+ "subcomponents": []
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "component": "a chin interior surface of said chin portion with padding therein; and",
145
+ "subcomponents": []
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "component": "an exterior rear surface with a harness device thereon;",
149
+ "subcomponents": []
150
+ },
151
+ {
152
+ "component": "said harness device includes a strap;",
153
+ "subcomponents": []
154
+ },
155
+ {
156
+ "component": "said shell is adapted to an associated catcher's skull helmet;",
157
+ "subcomponents": []
158
+ },
159
+ {
160
+ "component": "said shell is adapted to cover and protect said associated wearer's forehead, jaw, cheeks, mouth, and ears.",
161
+ "subcomponents": []
162
+ }
163
+ ]
164
+ },
165
+ {
166
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
167
+ "preamble": "11. A head and face protection apparatus comprising:",
168
+ "components": [
169
+ {
170
+ "component": "a concave shell, the concave shell comprising:",
171
+ "subcomponents": [
172
+ "a forehead portion;",
173
+ "a chin portion;",
174
+ "an elongated view opening between said forehead portion and said chin portion, wherein said elongated view opening extends behind an associated wearer's eyes;"
175
+ ]
176
+ },
177
+ {
178
+ "component": "a forehead portion;",
179
+ "subcomponents": []
180
+ },
181
+ {
182
+ "component": "a chin portion;",
183
+ "subcomponents": []
184
+ },
185
+ {
186
+ "component": "an elongated view opening between said forehead portion and said chin portion, wherein said elongated view opening extends behind an associated wearer's eyes;",
187
+ "subcomponents": []
188
+ },
189
+ {
190
+ "component": "a cage operatively connected to said shell;",
191
+ "subcomponents": []
192
+ },
193
+ {
194
+ "component": "a flexible harness device operatively connected to said shell;",
195
+ "subcomponents": []
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "component": "said cage, said shell, and said harness device adapted for use with an associated skull helmet;",
199
+ "subcomponents": []
200
+ },
201
+ {
202
+ "component": "a crown portion, two jaw portions, and two side portions;",
203
+ "subcomponents": []
204
+ },
205
+ {
206
+ "component": "said forehead portion connected to said chin portion by means of said side portions and said jaw portions;",
207
+ "subcomponents": []
208
+ },
209
+ {
210
+ "component": "said side portions terminating vertically, toward the rear, prior to, and rather than, extending over and covering an associated wearer's ears;",
211
+ "subcomponents": []
212
+ },
213
+ {
214
+ "component": "said jaw portion following contour of said associated wearer's jaw until connection with said side portions;",
215
+ "subcomponents": []
216
+ },
217
+ {
218
+ "component": "said jaw portion, at said connection with said side portions, and in conjunction with said side portions, flaring outward, in a direction away from said associated wearer's head, such that the jaw portion and side portions form a concave shape;",
219
+ "subcomponents": []
220
+ },
221
+ {
222
+ "component": "said crown portion extending over the front half of said associated wearer's head; and,",
223
+ "subcomponents": []
224
+ },
225
+ {
226
+ "component": "said crown portion terminating intermediate to the front half and back half of said associated wearer's head.",
227
+ "subcomponents": []
228
+ }
229
+ ]
230
+ },
231
+ {
232
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
233
+ "preamble": "12. The head and face protection apparatus of claim 11 further comprising:",
234
+ "components": [
235
+ {
236
+ "component": "a forehead interior surface of said forehead portion with padding therein;",
237
+ "subcomponents": []
238
+ },
239
+ {
240
+ "component": "a chin interior surface of said chin portion with padding therein; and",
241
+ "subcomponents": []
242
+ },
243
+ {
244
+ "component": "an exterior rear surface with a harness device thereon;",
245
+ "subcomponents": []
246
+ },
247
+ {
248
+ "component": "said harness device includes a strap;",
249
+ "subcomponents": []
250
+ },
251
+ {
252
+ "component": "said shell is adapted to an associated catcher's skull helmet;",
253
+ "subcomponents": []
254
+ },
255
+ {
256
+ "component": "said shell is adapted to cover and protect said associated wearer's forehead, jaw, cheeks, mouth, and ears.",
257
+ "subcomponents": []
258
+ }
259
+ ]
260
+ },
261
+ {
262
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
263
+ "preamble": "13. A method of manufacturing a head and face protection apparatus, said method comprising the steps of:",
264
+ "components": [
265
+ {
266
+ "component": "providing a concave shell with a crown portion, forehead portion, chin portion, two jaw portions, and two side portions;",
267
+ "subcomponents": []
268
+ },
269
+ {
270
+ "component": "providing an elongated view opening between said forehead portion and said jaw portion;",
271
+ "subcomponents": []
272
+ },
273
+ {
274
+ "component": "connecting said forehead portion to said chin portion via said side portions and said jaw portions;",
275
+ "subcomponents": []
276
+ },
277
+ {
278
+ "component": "terminating said side portions vertically, toward the rear, prior to, the position where said side portions would extend over and cover an associated wearer's ears;",
279
+ "subcomponents": []
280
+ },
281
+ {
282
+ "component": "flaring said jaw portion and said side portions in an outward direction away from said associated wearer's face, such that the jaw portion and side portions form a concave shape;",
283
+ "subcomponents": []
284
+ },
285
+ {
286
+ "component": "terminating said crown portion intermediate to front half and back half of said associated wearer's head.",
287
+ "subcomponents": []
288
+ }
289
+ ]
290
+ },
291
+ {
292
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
293
+ "preamble": "14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the steps of:",
294
+ "components": [
295
+ {
296
+ "component": "covering interior forehead surface of said forehead portion with padding; and,",
297
+ "subcomponents": []
298
+ },
299
+ {
300
+ "component": "covering interior chin surface of said chin portion with padding.",
301
+ "subcomponents": []
302
+ }
303
+ ]
304
+ },
305
+ {
306
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
307
+ "preamble": "15. The method of claim 13 further comprising the steps of:",
308
+ "components": [
309
+ {
310
+ "component": "providing a protective cage; and",
311
+ "subcomponents": []
312
+ },
313
+ {
314
+ "component": "connecting said cage to said shell.",
315
+ "subcomponents": []
316
+ }
317
+ ]
318
+ },
319
+ {
320
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
321
+ "preamble": "16. The method of claim 13 further comprising the steps of:",
322
+ "components": [
323
+ {
324
+ "component": "providing a harness device and an associated catcher's skull helmet.",
325
+ "subcomponents": []
326
+ }
327
+ ]
328
+ },
329
+ {
330
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
331
+ "preamble": "17. The method of claim 16 further comprising the steps of:",
332
+ "components": [
333
+ {
334
+ "component": "strapping said shell to said associated catcher's skull helmet with said harness device.",
335
+ "subcomponents": []
336
+ }
337
+ ]
338
+ },
339
+ {
340
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
341
+ "preamble": "18. The method of claim 17 further comprising the steps of:",
342
+ "components": [
343
+ {
344
+ "component": "covering interior forehead surface of said forehead portion with padding;",
345
+ "subcomponents": []
346
+ },
347
+ {
348
+ "component": "covering interior chin surface of said chin portion with padding;",
349
+ "subcomponents": []
350
+ },
351
+ {
352
+ "component": "providing a protective cage;",
353
+ "subcomponents": []
354
+ },
355
+ {
356
+ "component": "connecting said cage to said shell.",
357
+ "subcomponents": []
358
+ }
359
+ ]
360
+ }
361
+ ],
362
+ "description": [
363
+ "A. Field of Invention",
364
+ "This invention pertains to the art of protective head devices for use by athletes. The invention relates more specifically to a facemask used by baseball catchers.",
365
+ "B. Description of the Related Art",
366
+ "It is known in the art that there have been only two general types of catcher's masks used in both amateur and professional baseball. The conventional mask is the \u201cofficial\u201d catcher's mask. Although the mask is adequate, the wearer's visibility while wearing the \u201cofficial\u201d catcher's mask is limited. Also, the jaw protection offered is poor and the impact of a foul ball is harsh. While players continue to use the \u201cofficial\u201d catcher's mask, there are a number of improvements that can be made to the mask.",
367
+ "Also known in the art is the \u201chockey-style\u201d catcher's mask. While the \u201chockey-style\u201d mask provides what is lacking in the \u201cofficial\u201d catcher's mask, the hockey-style catcher's mask is heavier, much larger, uncomfortable to wear, difficult to flip on and off during play, provides no rear neck protection, and looks like a hockey mask, not a baseball catcher's mask. The way a catcher's mask looks is important since baseball is a game filled with tradition. Anything that seems to take away from that tradition is frowned upon by players and fans alike. In addition, the \u201chockey-style\u201d mask makes the head area of the wearer uncomfortably hot and when the mask is removed, the wearer is bare-headed and not provided any head protection. Therefore, the \u201chockey-style\u201d catcher's mask is undesirable for the game of baseball, and has a number of needed improvements.",
368
+ "Also known in the art are \u201cskull helmets\u201d of U.S. Pat. No. 2,698,434, to Davia. This patent discloses the use of baseball caps, or \u201cskull helmets\u201d, that are used to protect the player's head. The most used skull helmet is made by American Baseball Cap. This cap or helmet works well for its intended purpose, but it does not provide any face protection.",
369
+ "The present invention achieves the combined advantages of the traditional \u201cofficial\u201d catcher's mask and the \u201chockey-style\u201d catcher's mask without the disadvantages.",
370
+ "The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for a baseball catcher's mask. This invention obviates the foregoing difficulties and others while providing better and more advantageous overall results.",
371
+ "According to one aspect of the present invention, a new and improved catcher's mask is provided which is a cage and shell combination with a strap/harness device on the back. This new mask is designed to be worn with a separate catcher's \u201cskull helmet,\u201d and is known as \u201cG-3.\u201d",
372
+ "According to another aspect of the present invention, a head protection device for use by athletes comprises a concave shell with a crown portion, forehead portion, chin portion, two jaw portions, two side portions and an elongated view opening between the forehead and the chin portions.",
373
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, a forehead portion is connected to a chin portion by two side portions and two jaw portions.",
374
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the two side portions end vertically, toward the rear of the mask, prior to, and rather than, extending over and covering the wearer's ears.",
375
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the jaw portions follow the contour of the wearer's jaw until the two jaw portions connect with the two side portions. At this connection point, the side portions, in conjunction with the jaw portions, flare outward, away from the wearer's head.",
376
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the crown portion extends over the front half of the wearer's head and ends before the midpoint of the front half and back half of the wearer's head.",
377
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the head protection device comprises a forehead interior surface having padding therein, a chin interior surface having padding therein, and an exterior rear harness device thereon.",
378
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the harness device comprises a strap connected at strategic points on the head protection device.",
379
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the head protection device includes a shell to be used with a separate catcher's skull helmet.",
380
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the head apparatus device further comprises a shell that covers and protects the wearer's forehead, jaw, chin, cheeks, mouth, and ears.",
381
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the head apparatus device is adapted to receive a cage.",
382
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the cage substantially covers an elongated view opening of the shell.",
383
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the cage includes a lower portion extending downward over the wearer's throat area, and two ear portions that extend outward away from the wearer's face.",
384
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for assembling a head protection device for use by athletes where the head protection device comprises a concave shell having a crown portion, forehead portion, chin portion, two jaw portions, and two side portions. The method further comprises the steps of providing an elongated view opening between a forehead portion and a chin portion and connecting a forehead portion to a chin portion by using two side portions and two jaw portions.",
385
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the method further comprising the step of covering an interior forehead surface and interior chin surface with padding.",
386
+ "According to yet another aspect of the invention, the method further comprising the steps of providing a protective cage and connecting the cage to the shell.",
387
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the method further comprising the steps of providing a harness device and a separate skull helmet.",
388
+ "According to yet another aspect of the invention, the method further comprising the steps of ending the side portions vertically, prior to the position where the side portions would cover the wearer's ears.",
389
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the method comprising the step of flaring a jaw portion and the side portions together in a direction away from the wearer's face.",
390
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the method also comprising the step of ending a crown portion before the halfway point between the front half and back half of the wearer's head.",
391
+ "According to still another aspect of the invention, the method further comprising the steps of attaching a separate catcher's skull helmet to the shell by means of a harness device.",
392
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, where the head protection device is a catcher's mask.",
393
+ "One advantage of this invention is the full protection of the face, throat, back of the neck, jaw, ears, and head. The shell extends down to protect the jaw area. Also, the cage extends downward past the shell portion, making this portion of the cage an extended throat guard, providing protection to the front of the throat area. The mask also utilizes a jaw area that flares out, rather than following the contour of the jaw, which better protects the jaw area. The separate catcher's skull helmet, worn backwards, protects the back area of the neck. The mask absorbs shock from impact rather than the face of the wearer because of the design of the cage, combined with a shell.",
394
+ "Still another advantage of this invention is that the mask, worn with a separate skull helmet, reduces shock to the face since there are three masses, namely, the cage, the shell, and the skull helmet, that absorb the shock which protects the player/wearer.",
395
+ "Another advantage is that the wide ear protectors of the cage keep balls in front of the player, and help block balls that were thrown in the dirt.",
396
+ "Another advantage is that the shell, combined with the cage, results in less foul ball shock to the face by using a cage, shell, and skull helmet combination.",
397
+ "Another advantage of this invention is that the mask provides the capability of providing a clear unobstructed view for the wearer/player. The viewing opening in the shell of the new mask is elongated. The new design of the mask brings the cage portion of the mask close to the face in a safe manner. This gives excellent side to side, up and down, and straight ahead vision to the player/wearer.",
398
+ "Still another advantage is the comfort while wearing the mask. The mask is cool to the face and head, and lightweight. The G-3 mask hangs closer to center of the head, making it feel lighter than it actually is and lighter than the traditional catcher's mask or the hockey-style catcher's mask.",
399
+ "Another advantage of the present invention is that the mask sits comfortably and easily on the top of the head when not in use.",
400
+ "Yet another advantage is the ease with which the wearer can flip the mask on and off during play through use of a strap/harness device on the back of the mask.",
401
+ "Yet another advantage is that the use of the mask with a separate skull helmet means the player/wearer is not \u201cbare headed\u201d when the mask is removed.",
402
+ "Still another advantage is that this mask looks similar to the traditional baseball mask. Most, if not all, players of the game of baseball desire to wear a mask that looks like a familiar and common baseball catcher's mask. Baseball is a game filled with tradition and the use of a baseball catcher's mask that looks like a baseball catcher's mask is highly desired.",
403
+ "Another advantage is that the mask is durable and the wearer/player may personalize the shell of the facemask with logos and graphics of any possible color or style.",
404
+ "Yet another advantage is that it is compact, and easy to pack in a bag. The \u201chockey-style\u201d facemask is one unit that covers the entire head of the wearer. The present invention only covers the front portion of the head, making it, in effect, a \u201chalf\u201d shell. This means it takes up less room when stored or placed in a bag for carrying.",
405
+ "Still other benefits and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which it pertains upon a reading and understanding of the following detailed specification.",
406
+ "The invention may take physical form in certain parts and arrangement of parts, at least one embodiment of which will be described in detail in this specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof and wherein:",
407
+ "FIG. 1 is a front view of the shell;",
408
+ "FIG. 2 is a rear view of the shell with padding;",
409
+ "FIG. 3 is a side view of the shell;",
410
+ "FIG. 4 is a side view of the cage attached to the shell;",
411
+ "FIG. 5 is a front view of the cage attached to the shell;",
412
+ "FIG. 6a is a side view of the facemask attached to the skull helmet;",
413
+ "FIG. 6b is a side view of the facemask attached to the skull helmet as worn by player;",
414
+ "FIG. 7 is a side view of a second embodiment of the facemask attached to a skull helmet;",
415
+ "FIG. 8 is a side view of the shell with cage and attachment means;",
416
+ "FIG. 9a is a front view of the cage;",
417
+ "FIG. 9b is a side view of the cage; and,",
418
+ "FIG. 10 is a side view of the separate catcher's skull helmet.",
419
+ "Referring now to the drawings wherein the showings are for purposes of illustrating at least one embodiment of the invention only and not for purposes of limiting the same, FIG. 1 shows a front view of a shell shown generally at 2, as if looking at the player while the player is wearing a facemask 40, as shown in FIG. 4. The shell 2 has a forehead portion 4, two jaw portions 28, a chin portion 6, and two vertical side portions 8. The two side portions 8 connect the forehead portion 4 to the jaw portion 28 and to the chin portion 6. The side portions 8 provide protection for the sides of the face and the ear area.",
420
+ "Between the chin portion 6 and the forehead portion 4 there is an elongated view opening area 12. This opening provides a view opening for the player to look through. The elongated design of the view opening area 12 provides the wearer with greater visibility, no constriction to breathing through the nose, and enough room for the mouth, so the wearer can talk and others can hear and understand what the wearer is saying. In this embodiment, the height of the front view opening 12 of the shell 2 is approximately 4 inches, plus or minus 1.5 inches, and, the width of the front view opening 12 of the shell 2 is approximately 7 inches, plus or minus 1.5 inches. In another embodiment, the width of the front view opening 12 of the shell 2 is approximately 7.25 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches, and, the height of the front view opening 12 of the shell 2 is approximately 4.5 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches.",
421
+ "Continuing with reference to FIG. 1, the shell 2 is designed so a crown portion 10, sits comfortably on the separate catcher's skull helmet, worn by the player/wearer. A view of the separate catcher's skull helmet is shown in FIG. 10. In this embodiment, the distance between the shell 2 and the player/wearer's forehead is approximately 2 inches, plus or minus 1.25 inches, the width of the shell 2 is approximately 9 inches, plus or minus 2 inches, the height of the shell 2 is approximately 11 inches, plus or minus 2 inches, and, the depth of the shell 2 is approximately 5 inches, plus or minus 2 inches. In another embodiment, the distance between the shell 2 and the player/wearer's forehead is approximately 1.75 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches, the width of the shell 2 is approximately 9.5 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches, the height of the shell 2 is approximately 10.5 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches, and, the depth of the shell 2 is approximately 4.75 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches. The shell 2 may be made out of plastic, fiberglass, Kevlar\u00ae, or any other type of material chosen with sound engineering judgment.",
422
+ "Continuing with reference to FIG. 1, the jaw portion 28 follows the contour of the wearer's jaw until the jaw portion 28 and the side portions 8 connect at connection points 14. At the connection points 14, the jaw portion 28, in conjunction with the side portions 8, flares outward, away from the wearer's head or face area. This flaring helps to protect the player/wearer's jaw as it tends to block balls away from the player/wearer's face area. In this embodiment, the flared portion follows an approximate 45\u00b0 angle, plus or minus 10\u00b0. However, any angle, chosen with sound engineering judgment, may be used to achieve a flared portion angled away from the wearer's head or face area.",
423
+ "Referring now to FIG. 2, a rear view of the shell 2, as seen from the wearer's point of view is shown. Attached on the inside of the chin portion 6 of the shell 2 is protective chin padding 13. The chin padding 13 cushions the wearer's jaw or chin. The chin padding 13 may be any firm, soft substance chosen with sound engineering judgment and may be covered or not covered. In this embodiment, the thickness of chin padding 13 is approximately 1 inch, plus or minus 0.5 inches, the height of the chin padding 13 is approximately 3 inches, plus or minus 1 inch, and, the width of the chin padding 13, while the padding is in the designated shell 2 area, is approximately 5 inches, plus or minus 1.5 inches. In another embodiment, the thickness of the chin padding 13 is approximately 1.25 inches, plus or minus 0.25 inches, the height of the chin padding 13 is approximately 3.25 inches, plus or minus 0.25 inches, and, the width of the chin padding 13, while the padding is in the designated shell 2 area, is approximately 4.5 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches.",
424
+ "With continuing reference to FIG. 2, there is also forehead padding 32 attached on the inside of the forehead portion 4 of the shell 2. The forehead padding 32 is for protection of the wearer/player's forehead and to provide friction between the shell 2 and the separate catcher's skull helmet 20, as shown in FIG. 6a. The forehead padding 32 may be any soft, firm substance chosen with sound engineering judgment and may be either covered or uncovered. In this embodiment, the thickness of the forehead padding 32 is approximately 1 inch, plus or minus 0.75 inches, the height of the forehead padding 32 is approximately 5 inches, plus or minus 1.5 inches, and, the width of the forehead padding 32, while the padding is in the designated shell 2 area, is approximately 7 inches, plus or minus 1.5 inches. In another embodiment, the thickness of the forehead padding 32 is approximately 0.75 inches, plus or minus 0.25 inches, the height of the forehead padding 32 is approximately 4.75 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches, and, the width of the forehead padding 32, while the padding is in the designated shell 2 area, is approximately 7.5 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches.",
425
+ "Referring now to FIG. 3, a side view of the shell 2 is shown. The side portions 8 of the shell 2 terminate or end before the shell 2 covers the wearer's ears. The crown portion 10 also stops just before the midpoint of the player/wearer's head. This results in a \u201chalf\u201d shell that covers the player/wearer's face and front half of the wearer's skull area. A half shell concept is used so that the player/wearer may also wear a separate skull helmet 20, as shown in FIG. 6a. The skull helmet 20 may be worn backwards on the player/wearer's head. The use of a separate skull helmet 20 is desirable as the helmet brim 44 provides protection for the back of the neck. Other benefits of a \u201chalf\u201d shell are that the mask 40 is compact and easy to store or carry in a bag. The player/wearer, before taking off the mask 40, may push the mask 40 up onto the skull helmet 20 and take off the combination in this compact form or just take off the mask 40 and leave on the helmet 20. This helps reduce the player/wearer's burden while moving the catcher's mask 40, and other equipment, to the various playing fields. It also makes storage of the catcher's mask 40 in lockers between games easier since some lockers may be too small to hold the hockey-style \u201cfull\u201d helmet.",
426
+ "With reference to FIGS. 9a and 9b a front and side view of one embodiment of the cage is shown. Although the Figures show one embodiment of the cage configuration, design or pattern, it is understood that the present invention will work equally well with other patterns, designs or cage configurations, chosen with sound engineering judgment.",
427
+ "Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, a side and a front view of a cage 16 attached to the shell 2 is shown. The cage 16 may be attached to the shell 2 using a connection means 24 that is preferably screws and clamps, of which a representative few are shown. Although placement of the connection means 24 is shown, it is understood that the location of the connection means 24 may be selectively placed in various locations on the mask 40. It is also understood that other means of securing the cage 16 to the shell 2 may be used as determined with sound engineering judgment. In this embodiment, the cage 16 is made out of steel. However, titanium, metal, alloy, aluminum, or any other type of material may be chosen with sound engineering judgment.",
428
+ "With continued reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the lower portion of the cage 16 extends downward past the chin portion 6, shown in FIG. 6b. This provides the player/wearer with a throat protector 34. This throat protector 34 may shield the player/wearer from a foul ball or wild pitch. The sides of the cage 16 extend outward in a direction away from the player/wearer's face making wide ear protectors 36. The extended ear protectors 36 keep balls in front of the player/wearer and help block balls that were thrown in the dirt. The extended ear protectors 36 and the throat protector 34 aid in safety and performance of the mask 40.",
429
+ "Continuing with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the cage 16 covers the elongated view opening 12 of the shell 2. The cage 16 protects the player/wearer's eyes, nose, and mouth from contact with the ball. The ball may hit the cage 16 rather than directly hitting the player/wearer. Thus, the shell 2, combined with the cage 16, results in less foul ball shock to the face. The mask 40 absorbs the shock from impact, saving injury to the player/wearer. Also, the design of the mask 40 brings the cage 16 close to the wearer's face in a safe manner. The close proximity of the cage 16 gives excellent side to side, up and down, and straight-ahead vision to the player/wearer. In this embodiment, the distance from the cage 16 of the mask 40 to the nose of the wearer is approximately 2 inches, plus or minus 1 inch, the width of the cage 16 is approximately 11 inches, plus or minus 2 inches, the height of the cage 16 is approximately 8 inches, plus or minus 2 inches, and, the depth of the cage 16 is approximately 5 inches, plus or minus 1.5 inches. In another embodiment, the distance from the cage 16 of the mask 40 to the nose of the wearer is approximately 1.5 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches, the width of the cage 16 is approximately 11.5 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches, the height of the cage 16 is approximately 8.5 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches, and, the depth of the cage 16 is approximately 4.75 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches.",
430
+ "Referring now to FIG. 6a, a side view of the facemask 40 attached or strapped to the skull helmet 20 is shown. The facemask 40, which consists of the shell 2 and cage 16 combination, is attached to the separate skull helmet 20 with an attachment device 22, that is preferably a strap or harness, on the back of the mask 40. The attachment device 22 may be made out of nylon and an elastic substance. However, any type of fabric, material, or any other type of device may be chosen with sound engineering judgment.",
431
+ "The attachment device 22 is operatively connected to the mask 40 at strategic points, chosen with sound engineering judgment. Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 8, a side view of the shell 2 and cage 16 combination and an attachment device 22 without the separate skull helmet.",
432
+ "With reference now to FIGS. 6a and 6b, the shell 2 is designed to fit snuggly around the separate catcher's skull helmet 20. This brings the mask 40 closer to the center of the head making the mask 40 feel lighter to the player/wearer than it actually is. This design also brings the cage 16 safely closer to the wearer's face, aiding in unobstructed vision. The separate catcher's skull helmet 20 also fits comfortably on the head. The forehead padding 32 may create friction, and better bonding, between the separate catcher's skull helmet 20 and the shell portion 2 of the mask 40. The lightweight characteristic of the mask 40 also makes it comfortable to the player/wearer. In this embodiment, the weight of the entire mask 40 is approximately 16 ounces, plus or minus 6 ounces, the height of the entire mask 40 is approximately 12 inches, plus or minus 2.5 inches, and, the depth of the entire mask 40 is approximately 6 inches, plus or minus 2 inches. In another embodiment, the weight of the entire mask 40 is approximately 15 ounces, plus or minus 1 ounce, the height of the entire mask 40 is approximately 12 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches, and, the depth of the entire mask 40 is approximately 5.25 inches, plus or minus 0.5 inches.",
433
+ "With continued reference to FIG. 6a, the game of baseball is a tradition filled game. Anything that distracts or takes away from this tradition is \u201cfrowned\u201d upon. The new design of the catcher's mask 40 keeps the \u201clook\u201d of a baseball mask while providing the desires and needs of the player/wearer. The new design also allows the player/wearer to place logos and graphics, as desired, on the shell 2 portion of the mask 40. This enables the player/wearer to personalize their mask, making it unique.",
434
+ "Referring now to FIG. 7, a side view of a second embodiment of the facemask attached to a skull helmet showing the present invention adapted for a youth version mask 50. It is known in the art that youth baseball rules require the separate catcher's skull helmet 54 to cover the ears 58 and to be connected to the mask 50 with a connection means 52, preferably snaps or buckles, to make it one unit. The second embodiment of the present invention, shown in FIG. 7, shows the facemask 50 adapted for the youth and little league rules. This second embodiment adjusts the design of the harness 56 by adding connection means 52 at strategic locations on the mask. The second embodiment is also adapted for the smaller size of the product to allow the appropriate fit for youths to wear.",
435
+ "With continuing reference to FIGS. 6a and 6b, the use of the attachment device 22 makes the newly designed facemask 40 easy to flip on and off during play. The player/wearer may grab the bottom portion of the mask 40 and while the player/wearer extends the mask 40 out and up, the elastic attachment device 22 makes for a quick and easy \u201coff flip.\u201d This enables the player/wearer to keep the catcher's mask 40 on during the game or to quickly flip it off during the game. An example of this is when there is a pop-up foul ball or when the catcher has to field a bunt or wild pitch. The ability to flip up the facemask 40 onto the skull helmet 20 aids in making the unit compact for storage or for travel necessities. The player/wearer may also just rest the mask 40 on top of the head when the mask 40 is not in use during time outs.",
436
+ "At least one embodiment has been described, hereinabove. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above methods may incorporate changes and modifications without departing from the general scope of this invention. It is intended to include all such modifications and alterations in so far as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof."
437
+ ],
438
+ "citations": [
439
+ "571437",
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+ "861170",
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+ "881957",
442
+ "1488812",
443
+ "2020248",
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+ "2502377",
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+ "2627602",
446
+ "2698434",
447
+ "3220014",
448
+ "3373443",
449
+ "3729745",
450
+ "3732574",
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+ "4736466",
452
+ "5093936",
453
+ "5148550",
454
+ "5206955",
455
+ "5267353",
456
+ "5394564",
457
+ "5737770",
458
+ "5815848",
459
+ "5953761",
460
+ "6189156",
461
+ "D448528",
462
+ "6292954",
463
+ "2003055829"
464
+ ],
465
+ "us_classification": "2 9",
466
+ "international_classifications": [
467
+ {
468
+ "classification_level": "A",
469
+ "section": "A",
470
+ "classification_class": "42",
471
+ "subclass": "B",
472
+ "main_group": "1",
473
+ "subgroup": "00"
474
+ }
475
+ ]
476
+ }
json_patents/06983488.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Equestrian helmet with faceguard",
3
+ "abstract": "A helmet, such as for equestrian sports, includes an outer shell formed by an upper dome and a lower ring attached to a bottom edge of the upper dome by screws. The assembled arrangement is particularly strong but is adapted to facilitate molding and further has a traditional equestrian helmet appearance. A removable faceguard includes legs shaped to upwardly fit into downwardly-open cavities formed within the ring, and includes latches pivoted to the legs for snap-attachment to lateral surfaces within the cavities. The latches are made of a material optimized for durability and resiliency, and are preferably of a material different than the faceguard itself.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Foote",
6
+ "Schiff"
7
+ ],
8
+ "document_number": "06983488",
9
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
10
+ "assignees": [
11
+ "Foote-Mats, Inc."
12
+ ],
13
+ "claims": [
14
+ {
15
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
16
+ "preamble": "1. A protective helmet comprising:",
17
+ "components": [
18
+ {
19
+ "component": "impact-resistant outer helmet shell shaped and adapted to partially cover a wearer's head, the shell having an upper dome with a lower edge and having a separate lower rim with an upper surface that mates against the lower edge, the rim being attached to the upper dome, wherein the rim includes cavity-forming marginal material on each side defining a pair of cavities and further defining a downwardly-open access opening adapted to receive and support an upwardly-extending leg of a faceguard.",
20
+ "subcomponents": []
21
+ }
22
+ ]
23
+ },
24
+ {
25
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
26
+ "preamble": "2. The helmet defined in claim 1 , including a securement securing the rim to the upper dome, the securement including one of mechanical fasteners, latches, adhesive bonding material, melted bonding material, and heat-staked material.",
27
+ "components": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
31
+ "preamble": "3. The helmet defined in claim 2 , wherein the securement includes a mechanical fastener.",
32
+ "components": []
33
+ },
34
+ {
35
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
36
+ "preamble": "4. The helmet defined in claim 3 , wherein the mechanical fastener includes a screw.",
37
+ "components": []
38
+ },
39
+ {
40
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
41
+ "preamble": "5. The helmet defined in claim 4 , wherein the dome includes an apertured boss aligned with an aperture in the rim for receiving the screw.",
42
+ "components": []
43
+ },
44
+ {
45
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
46
+ "preamble": "6. The helmet defined in claim 1 , wherein the dome includes air-flow apertures formed therein to provide for air flow, the apertures being formed in the dome above the rim.",
47
+ "components": []
48
+ },
49
+ {
50
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
51
+ "preamble": "7. The helmet defined in claim 1 , including a faceguard having upwardly-extending legs shaped to matably fit into the access opening and be supported in the pair of cavities.",
52
+ "components": []
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
56
+ "preamble": "8. The helmet defined in claim 1 , wherein the rim includes an outer wall that lies generally flush with an outer surface of the dome, and further includes an inner wall spaced inwardly from the outer wall, and still further includes a lower wall connecting the inner and outer walls to define a space therebetween.",
57
+ "components": []
58
+ },
59
+ {
60
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
61
+ "preamble": "9. The helmet defined in claim 1 , wherein the rim includes a bill extending forwardly from the rim and integrally formed with the rim.",
62
+ "components": []
63
+ },
64
+ {
65
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
66
+ "preamble": "10. The helmet defined in claim 1 , including a tape extending along a joint line formed at an interface of the dome and rim, the tape covering the joint line and assisting in bonding the dome and rim together.",
67
+ "components": []
68
+ },
69
+ {
70
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
71
+ "preamble": "11. The helmet defined in claim 1 , wherein the rim is a one-piece molding.",
72
+ "components": []
73
+ },
74
+ {
75
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
76
+ "preamble": "12. The helmet defined in claim 1 , wherein the rim is an injection-molded component formed with top and bottom surfaces not having undercuts, such that the rim can be made from a die that characteristically does not have slides or pulls or moving die components required to form undercuts.",
77
+ "components": []
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
81
+ "preamble": "13. The helmet defined in claim 1 , including an energy absorber positioned within the dome and an attachment strap attached to the shell and that is adapted to releasably retain the shell to a wearer's head.",
82
+ "components": []
83
+ },
84
+ {
85
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
86
+ "preamble": "14. The helmet defined in claim 1 , wherein one of the rim and dome include an integrally formed bill.",
87
+ "components": []
88
+ },
89
+ {
90
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
91
+ "preamble": "15. The helmet defined in claim 1 , including a bill with a rear edge attached to one of the rim and dome.",
92
+ "components": []
93
+ },
94
+ {
95
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
96
+ "preamble": "16. A protective helmet comprising:",
97
+ "components": [
98
+ {
99
+ "component": "an impact-resistant outer helmet shell shaped and adapted to partially cover a wearer's head, the shell having an upper dome with a lower edge and having a separate lower rim with an upper surface that mates against the lower edge, the rim being attached to the upper dome;",
100
+ "subcomponents": []
101
+ },
102
+ {
103
+ "component": "including an energy absorber positioned within the dome and an attachment strap attached to the shell and that is adapted to releasably retain the shell to a wearer's head; and",
104
+ "subcomponents": []
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "component": "an anchor attached to the shell, and wherein the attachment strap includes a rear strap section that extends slidably around the anchor and back onto itself, the rear strap section including mating patches of hook-and-loop material that can be released and reattached in an adjusted position with the rear strap section repositioned on the anchor to adjust the attachment strap relative to the shell.",
108
+ "subcomponents": []
109
+ }
110
+ ]
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
114
+ "preamble": "17. A protective helmet comprising:",
115
+ "components": [
116
+ {
117
+ "component": "an impact-resistant outer helmet shell shaped and adapted to partially cover a wearer's head, the shell having an upper dome with a lower edge and having a separate lower rim with an upper surface that mates against the lower edge; and",
118
+ "subcomponents": []
119
+ },
120
+ {
121
+ "component": "fasteners extending vertically engaging against and attaching the rim to the upper dome.",
122
+ "subcomponents": []
123
+ }
124
+ ]
125
+ },
126
+ {
127
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
128
+ "preamble": "18. The helmet defined in claim 17 , including a faceguard with upwardly-extending legs shaped to attach to the rim.",
129
+ "components": []
130
+ },
131
+ {
132
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
133
+ "preamble": "19. The helmet defined in claim 18 , the faceguard including a first connector on each of the legs and at least one of the dome and rim include mating connectors for engaging the first connector to retain the legs to the helmet.",
134
+ "components": []
135
+ },
136
+ {
137
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
138
+ "preamble": "20. The helmet defined in claim 19 , wherein the first connector includes a securing device attached to each of the legs.",
139
+ "components": []
140
+ },
141
+ {
142
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00021",
143
+ "preamble": "21. The helmet defined in claim 20 , wherein the first connector is made of a material having high durability and spring-back characteristics.",
144
+ "components": []
145
+ },
146
+ {
147
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00022",
148
+ "preamble": "22. The helmet defined in claim 21 , wherein the first connector is made of a different material than the faceguard.",
149
+ "components": []
150
+ },
151
+ {
152
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00023",
153
+ "preamble": "23. The helmet defined in claim 19 , wherein the faceguard includes a cross bar extending between a lower end of the legs, the cross bar and legs forming a shape adapted to extend downwardly from the lower rim and then forwardly and then across a wearer's head at a height approximating the location of the wearer's chin and cheeks.",
154
+ "components": []
155
+ },
156
+ {
157
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00024",
158
+ "preamble": "24. A protective helmet comprising:",
159
+ "components": [
160
+ {
161
+ "component": "an impact-resistant outer helmet shell shaped and adapted to partially cover a wearer's head, the shell having an upper dome with a lower edge and having a separate lower rim with an upper surface that mates against the lower edge, the rim being attached to the upper dome, including a faceguard with upwardly-extending legs shaped to attach to the rim, the faceguard including a first connector on each of the legs and at least one of the dome and rim include mating connectors for engaging the first connector to retain the legs to the helmet, wherein the mating connector includes an access opening in the rim and also a blind surface formed in the rim adjacent the access opening.",
162
+ "subcomponents": []
163
+ }
164
+ ]
165
+ },
166
+ {
167
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00025",
168
+ "preamble": "25. The helmet defined in claim 24 , wherein the first connector includes a latch member shaped to releasably engage the blind surface.",
169
+ "components": []
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00026",
173
+ "preamble": "26. The helmet defined in claim 25 , wherein the latch member includes a spring biasing the latch member into engagement with the blind surface.",
174
+ "components": []
175
+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00027",
178
+ "preamble": "27. The helmet defined in claim 26 , wherein the spring is integrally formed on the latch member.",
179
+ "components": []
180
+ },
181
+ {
182
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00028",
183
+ "preamble": "28. A protective helmet comprising:",
184
+ "components": [
185
+ {
186
+ "component": "an impact-resistant outer helmet shell shaped and adapted to partially cover a wearer's head, the shell having an upper dome with a lower edge and having a separate lower rim with an upper surface that mates against the lower edge, the rim being attached to the upper dome, wherein the rim includes an outer wall that lies generally flush with an outer surface of the dome, and further includes an inner wall spaced inwardly from the outer wall, and still further includes a lower wall connecting the inner and outer walls to define a space therebetween, including a shock absorber positioned within the dome and including at least a portion that fits into the space defined within the rim.",
187
+ "subcomponents": []
188
+ }
189
+ ]
190
+ },
191
+ {
192
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00029",
193
+ "preamble": "29. A protective helmet comprising:",
194
+ "components": [
195
+ {
196
+ "component": "an impact-resistant outer helmet shell shaped and adapted to partially cover a wearer's head, the shell having an upper dome with a lower edge and having a separate lower curvilinear structural member with an upper surface that mates against the lower edge, and including fasteners extending vertically engaging against and attaching the structural member to the upper dome, the structural member extending at least completely across a rear of the shell and at least about halfway forward on each side of the shell.",
197
+ "subcomponents": []
198
+ }
199
+ ]
200
+ },
201
+ {
202
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00030",
203
+ "preamble": "30. A protective helmet comprising:",
204
+ "components": [
205
+ {
206
+ "component": "an impact-resistant outer helmet shell shaped and adapted to partially cover a wearer's head, the outer helmet shell having a marginal section of material forming a lower perimeter around the helmet shell and further having a horizontally extending rod retainer extending horizontally and that is spaced above the marginal section of material forming the lower perimeter;",
207
+ "subcomponents": []
208
+ },
209
+ {
210
+ "component": "an impact-absorbing foam material positioned within the outer helmet shell and that at least partially covers the rod-shaped retainer; and",
211
+ "subcomponents": []
212
+ },
213
+ {
214
+ "component": "an adjustable suspension positioned within the helmet shell and adapted to engage the wearer's head for supporting the helmet shell on the wearer's head while the protective helmet is being worn, the suspension having at least one front strap attached to the helmet shell and having an adjustable strap that extends over the rod retainer and then back to a location within the helmet shell that is accessible; the adjustable strap having overlapping mating hook-and-loop patches that can be released and adjusted, whereby the adjustable strap can be released, pulled, and reattached to adjust the suspension.",
215
+ "subcomponents": []
216
+ }
217
+ ]
218
+ },
219
+ {
220
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00031",
221
+ "preamble": "31. A faceguard for a protective helmet that is useful when attached to the helmet to help protect a person's chin and head from injury, the faceguard comprising:",
222
+ "components": [
223
+ {
224
+ "component": "an elongated curvilinear component having a transverse section and rearwardly-extending side sections in a U-shaped arrangement that is adapted to extend in front of the person's face, the component including attachment legs that extend upwardly from opposing ends of the side sections; and",
225
+ "subcomponents": []
226
+ },
227
+ {
228
+ "component": "a latch member on each of the opposing ends of the side sections, the latch members each being made of a material different from the component and including hinges attaching the latch members to the opposing ends for movement between a latched position and a latch-released position.",
229
+ "subcomponents": []
230
+ }
231
+ ]
232
+ },
233
+ {
234
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00032",
235
+ "preamble": "32. The faceguard defined in claim 31 , wherein the hinges include a pivot pin pivotally attaching the latch members to the opposing ends of the component.",
236
+ "components": []
237
+ },
238
+ {
239
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00033",
240
+ "preamble": "33. The faceguard defined in claim 31 , wherein the latch members each include an integrally formed spring.",
241
+ "components": []
242
+ }
243
+ ],
244
+ "description": [
245
+ "This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 10/829,881, filed Apr. 22, 2004, entitled EQUESTRIAN HELMET WITH FACEGUARD, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.",
246
+ "The present invention relates to protective helmets with faceguards, and more particularly relates to an equestrian helmet with removable faceguard and having a novel construction to facilitate assembly and use. It is noted that the present helmet and inventive concepts are believed to be usable in a variety of different circumstances and hence several aspects are believed to be broader in scope than just equestrian helmets.",
247
+ "The equestrian sport of \u201ceventing\u201d has become very popular. Eventing is the equivalent of an \u201cequestrian triathlon\u201d with the rider working with a horse both on the flat and over fences. The three phases are: dressage (the execution by a trained horse of precision movements in response to barely perceptible signals from its rider, somewhat like \u201cshow dancing\u201d), endurance (sometimes called \u201ccross-country\u201d), and show jumping. A different level of head protection is needed for the rider in each different event. In dressage, the traditional helmet shape and appearance is very important, since it has become an integral part of the elegant, graceful performance. Contrastingly, in the event of jumping, the rider needs to be protected from a fall but also the rider's face needs to be protected from colliding with the horse's head when jumping since the horse's head and rider's head may move rather violently in opposing directions during a jump. Also, the rider's helmet must not include protruding parts that may strike and injure the horse's head upon collision with the rider's helmet. In the event of cross-country, the raw power and spirit of a horse and the dynamics of other riders and obstructions encountered require that the rider's head be very well protected against a fall, and yet his vision must be totally clear and unobstructed. There are also many other equestrian sports, some where a faceguard is desirable and others where it is not. Finally, in training horses for any of these sports, a faceguard is extremely useful when working with young, inexperienced or sprightly horses that are prone to rearing, bucking or \u201cspooking\u201d (lurching with fear) and endangering the rider's head and face.",
248
+ "Despite this need for head and face protection, faceguards have not been developed or widely accepted for equestrian helmets. The reasons are many and varied. Riders often do not like to keep multiple helmets around, and do not like to (nor have time to) switch helmets during a competition. It is desirable to provide an equestrian helmet with a removable faceguard to solve this problem, but equestrian helmets have requirements that make them unique and that \u201ccomplicate\u201d this problem. Riders require a wider field of vision than in most sports and, further, they need the ability to turn their head without restriction from the helmet. Also, the helmet must also be sufficiently light in weight and open around the chin and ears so as to not be a hindrance.",
249
+ "Furthermore, in some equestrian sports such as dressage, appearance and style are extremely important. The helmet needs to have a very particular outer shape and appearance, and it is not acceptable to have any bulge or appendage, especially on the sides of the helmet. In particular, it is not acceptable to have any protruding attachment structure, whether the faceguard is attached or not. An outwardly protruding attachment structure on a helmet is not only potentially unsightly to equestrian sportsmen (and judges), but it can also be a safety hazard in terms of its potential for causing injury to the horse and/or rider, or for catching or snagging an obstacle or the ground during a fall. Also, any protruding structure can interfere with (if not ruin) the removable bright fabric covers often placed over equestrian helmets when in a competition. Finally, it would be undesirable if an equestrian helmet with its faceguard removed looked as if it was missing something or otherwise looked imperfect.",
250
+ "More generally, sportsmen do not want to struggle with inserting and/or removing a faceguard. Instead, they would prefer an attachment system that is easy to release and reattach, and an attachment structure that is totally hidden from view. Also, it is desirable to provide a faceguard that provides a very positive engagement, including an audible indication or other positive action that indicates that a secure connection with the helmet has been made. Further, the faceguard must be attractively stylized to combine functional strength with appearance when the faceguard is attached. Removable faceguards even provide riders with the opportunity to swap faceguards made of different colors to match the brightly colored outfits and bright fabric helmet covers common in equestrian competitions.",
251
+ "Thus, a system having the aforementioned advantages and solving the aforementioned problems is desired.",
252
+ "In one aspect of the present invention, a protective helmet includes an impact-resistant outer helmet shell shaped and adapted to partially cover a wearer's head, the shell having an upper dome with a lower edge and having a separate lower rim with an upper surface that mates against the lower edge, the rim being attached to the upper dome.",
253
+ "In another aspect of the present invention, a protective helmet includes an impact-resistant outer helmet shell shaped and adapted to partially cover a wearer's head, the shell having an upper dome with a lower edge and having a separate lower curvilinear structural member with an upper surface that mates against the lower edge. The curvilinear structural member is attached to the upper dome and extends at least completely across a rear of the shell and at least about halfway forward on each side of the shell.",
254
+ "In still another aspect of the present invention, a protective helmet includes an impact-resistant outer helmet shell shaped and adapted to partially cover a wearer's head, the shell defining a lower edge with marginal material defining a pair of cavities along the lower edge. The marginal material at each said cavity defines a downwardly-facing opening for access from below and further defines a laterally-facing opening that extends in a direction perpendicular to the downwardly-facing opening. The cavities are each shaped and adapted to receive an attachment leg of a faceguard so that the attachment leg can be fit upwardly through the downwardly-facing opening and into the cavity, and the laterally-facing opening being shaped and adapted to receive a latch on the leg. By this arrangement, when the leg is fit into the cavity, the latch fits laterally into the laterally-facing opening for retaining the leg in the cavity.",
255
+ "In still another aspect of the present invention, a faceguard is provided for a protective helmet and that is useful when attached to the helmet to help protect a person's chin and head from injury. The faceguard includes an elongated curvilinear component having a transverse section and rearwardly-extending side sections positioned in a U-shaped arrangement that is adapted to extend around the person's head at a height about equal to the person's chin. The component includes attachment legs that extend upwardly from opposing ends of the side sections. A latch member is provided on each of the opposing ends of the side sections. The latch members are each made of a material different from the component and are attached to the opposing ends for movement between a latched position and a latch-released position.",
256
+ "In yet another aspect of the present invention, a protective helmet includes an impact-resistant outer helmet shell shaped and adapted to partially cover a wearer's head, the outer helmet shell having a marginal section of material forming a lower perimeter around the helmet shell and further having a horizontally extending rod-shaped retainer extending horizontally and that is spaced above the marginal section of material forming the lower perimeter. An impact-absorbing foam material is positioned within the outer helmet shell and at least partially covers the rod-shaped retainer. An adjustable suspension is positioned within the helmet shell and is adapted to engage the wearer's head for supporting the helmet shell on the wearer's head while the protective helmet is being worn. The suspension has strap ends attached to the marginal section, with at least one of the strap ends being elongated and forming an adjustable strap that extends over the rod-shaped retainer and then back to a location within the helmet shell that is accessible. By this arrangement, the adjustable strap can be pulled to adjust the suspension and whereby friction between the rod-shaped retainer, the foam material and the adjustable strap retain the adjustable strap in an adjusted position.",
257
+ "It is also an object of the present invention to provide a protective helmet with a faceguard where the faceguard attaches securely and with a robust action to assure that a secure connection has been satisfactorily completed.",
258
+ "It is also an object of the present invention to provide a protective helmet with a faceguard where the faceguard provides a maximum field of vision yet helps protect the person's jaw and face.",
259
+ "It is also an object of the present invention to provide an aesthetic yet functional protective helmet with a faceguard designed to complement the shape of the classic equestrian helmet.",
260
+ "The present invention is believed to include the design and appearance of the present assembly, as well as individual components thereof.",
261
+ "These and other aspects, objects, and features of the present invention will be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art upon studying the following specification, claims, and appended drawings.",
262
+ "FIGS. 1\u20132 are perspective and side views of an equestrian helmet embodying the present invention;",
263
+ "FIG. 3 is a side view of the helmet of FIG. 1, including a chin strap worn by a rider;",
264
+ "FIG. 4 is a front view of FIG. 1;",
265
+ "FIG. 5 is a cross section taken along lines V\u2014V in FIG. 3;",
266
+ "FIG. 6 is an exploded view of FIG. 4;",
267
+ "FIGS. 7\u20139 are side views of additional embodiments, similar to FIG. 1, but with modified latching systems, the helmet shell in each case being partially broken away to better show the latching system;",
268
+ "FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an alternative faceguard with a modified latching system; and",
269
+ "FIG. 11 is a side view of a modified equestrian helmet embodying the present invention;",
270
+ "FIG. 12 is a side view of another modified equestrian helmet embodying the present invention;",
271
+ "FIGS. 13\u201317 are perspective, front, rear, top, and bottom views of FIG. 12;",
272
+ "FIG. 18 is an exploded perspective view of FIG. 12;",
273
+ "FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XIX\u2014XIX in FIG. 14;",
274
+ "FIGS. 20\u201321 are fragmentary sectional views of the latching arrangement for the faceguard, the views being partially broken away to show the latching structure, FIG. 20 showing an unlatched position and FIG. 21 showing a latched position;",
275
+ "FIGS. 22\u201324 are perspective, side, and front views of the faceguard; and",
276
+ "FIG. 25 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 13 but with a fabric outer covering on the helmet.",
277
+ "A helmet 20 (FIGS. 1\u20135) is illustrated that is particularly adapted for use in equestrian sports but it is contemplated that it is adapted for use in many other sports and situations where protective head gear is desired that allows a wide unobstructed field of view and where its faceguard may want to be easily and quickly removed. The illustrated helmet 20 (FIG. 3) includes an impact-resistant outer helmet shell 21 and a U-shaped releasably-attached faceguard 22. The shell 21 is formed to cover the upper half and rear of a wearer's head. The shell 21 has an upper dome 23 and also has a lower continuous rim 24 extending around the dome 23. The shell 21 includes a front portion 25, lateral side portions 26, and a rear portion 27, all portions 25\u201327 having outer surfaces that are relatively smooth, particularly the lateral side portions 26. The reason for this is both aesthetics (i.e., to match the traditional shape of equestrian helmets) and also function (to avoid outward protrusions that can cause safety concerns). Notably in equestrian sports, the appearance is more than just a desire; in higher level competition, it is virtually a requirement as part of the grace and beauty judging that occurs. Accordingly, in some aspects of this design, we consider this feature a physical requirement and not just a visual standard. Also, outward projections would interfere with the attachment of removable bright fabric coverings 28 (FIG. 5) that are often attached in equestrian sports over the shell 21. In particular the fabric coverings 28 can include a brightly colored material with a drawstring or elastic member 29 around its lower perimeter to retain the coverings 28 to the helmet 20. Also, lateral projections are potentially injurious to a horse and/or rider, such as in jumping events where a rider may turn his/her head as the horse's head and rider's helmet abut, such that it is desirable to avoid lateral projections for additional reasons. Finally, it would be undesirable if a helmet with a removable faceguard looked as if it was missing something when the removable faceguard was not being used and was thus removed from the helmet.",
278
+ "Inside of the lateral side portions 26 are integrally-formed attachment receptors 30 (FIG. 6) (i.e., shark-tooth-shaped pockets), which are designed to be releasably engaged by the latch members 31 on the rearwardly-extending portions of the faceguard 22, as discussed below. The attachment receptors 30 open downwardly through the rim 24, such that they are not visible from the sides or the front of the helmet 20, which is an important property of the present helmet 20 as discussed above. The latch members 31 are integrally formed and resiliently biased and supported on a tail end (or blade portion) of the rear upright section 58 by a living hinge 33 such that they securely engage the attachment receptors 30 with an audible click. Also, this allows them to be released by a simple pinching motion, allowing them to be quickly and easily released from the helmet 21 with a smooth easy finger motion.",
279
+ "The lateral side portions 26 of the helmet shell 21 (FIG. 5) include an outer wall 40 and inner wall 41 defining the receptor 30 therebetween. The receptor 30 (FIG. 6) has front and rear surfaces 42 and 43 that are angled toward each other. The illustrated surfaces 42 and 43 define a \u201cshark tooth\u201d shape that is conducive to molding since it provides for release of the blade in the molding die that formed the receptor 30. Further the tapered shape of the \u201cshark tooth\u201d receptor allows for easier insertion of the tail end of the upright section 58 and living hinge 33 without a precise alignment prior to insertion. On the rear surface 43 are one or more teeth 44. The illustrated teeth 44 are sufficiently high and perpendicular to the rear surface 43 such that they would require a slide or movable component on the blade of the molding die in order to prevent die lock. However, it is contemplated that there are ways to reduce any need for a movable slide in the molding die such as by tilting and/or shortening the teeth to extend parallel the front surface 42 or by making the teeth into depressions instead of protruding teeth or other ways known in the art of tool-making. It is contemplated that the walls 40\u201341 and surfaces 42\u201343 will be integrally molded as part of the helmet shell 21 to provide structural strength and to simplify and reduce costs of the helmet 20, but it is contemplated that the present invention includes other non-integral means of attachment such as an internally-positioned bracket.",
280
+ "A liner 47 (FIG. 5) is positioned inside of the helmet shell 21 for comfortably supporting the helmet shell 21 on a person's head. The illustrated liner 47 is made from expanded polymeric foam material such as expanded polystyrene pellets for optimal energy absorption to minimize any injury to a person's head upon impact. Such liner materials are well known in the industry of helmet manufacture and a detailed description of such is not necessary for an understanding of the present invention. The illustrated liner 47 includes a depression to matingly receive and engage the attachment receptor 30. A chin strap 48 (FIG. 3) is attached to the helmet shell 21 for retaining the helmet 20 to a rider's head. It is contemplated that the present invention will also work with many different liners and a variety of different chin strap arrangements. For example, the present invention will work with the harness-type support as shown in Timms et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,317,896, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for the purpose of their teachings. A short visor 49 extends forwardly from the front portion 25 of the helmet shell 21. Also, ventilation apertures such as apertures 50 (FIG. 1) can be integrally formed in the helmet shell 21 such as immediately above the visor where they cause air flow across the rider's head. Other modifications to the helmet shell 21 and liner 47 can be made such as attachment of a top piece 51 to the dome 23.",
281
+ "The faceguard 22 (FIG. 6) is an integrally molded one-piece part having a U-shaped cross bar 55 that extends across the rider's face near his/her nose and mouth and further includes L-shaped arms 56 that extend upwardly. The arms 56 each include a front horizontal section 57 that extends generally horizontally and a rear upright or vertical section 58 that extends generally vertically. By this arrangement, the field of vision, including peripheral vision, is maximized for the rider since the faceguard 22 is positioned well below the person's eyes. (See FIGS. 3\u20134.) Notably, the cross bar 55 and arms 56 can be made thicker or thinner and to have different optimally-shaped cross sections to resist forces of impact. The illustrated cross section of the upper end of the arms 56 is rather long in a fore-to-aft direction (FIG. 6) for strength against a frontal impact but is relatively thin in a lateral direction (FIG. 5) to provide give and flexure in a lateral direction and to minimize intrusion into the space within the helmet shell 21 for the liner 47 and the rider's head. The portion of the blade as it enters the helmet shell 21 can be enlarged and present a step to resist the blade from acting as a wedge as a force attempts to cause the blade to move into the receptacle in the helmet. Alternatively, depending on material strengths, a step may not be required.",
282
+ "The tail end of the vertical section 58 (FIG. 6) is \u201cblade\u201d shaped and includes a thinned resilient region forming the integral living hinge 33. The latching member 31 extends in a reverse direction parallel the vertical section 58. The latching member 31, in its engaged position, is spaced slightly from the vertical section 58 and is biased outwardly to engage a tooth(s) 59 with the teeth 44 on the rear surface 43 of the receptor 30 of the attachment structure on the helmet shell 21. A lower end of the latching member 31 extends slightly below the rim 24 to form a tab-like handle 59\u2032. By a simple finger action on the handle 59\u2032 first in a direction toward the vertical section 58 and then downwardly, the faceguard 22 can be quickly and easily removed. To engage the faceguard 22, the faceguard 22 is manipulated to place the living hinge 33 in the receptor 30, and then it automatically self-aligns as the faceguard 22 is moved upward into position. As the faceguard 22 moves to its fully inserted position, the tooth(s) 59 ramp onto the teeth 44 and then snap into position with an audible click. This is very desirable since it indicates to the rider that the faceguard 22 is fully inserted and locked into position. Also, I've found that the sound provides a feedback of secure connection to the rider that is greatly appreciated.",
283
+ "As noted above, the structure of faceguards (and also the aesthetics) is important in many equestrian sports. The illustrated faceguard 22 provides both. In particular, the flowing lines from the vertical section 58 create symmetry with the strap 48 (FIG. 3) that is believed to be acceptable to riders and judges of equestrian events. The forward section 57 also extends generally parallel the visor 49 in a similarly symmetrical and acceptable fashion. This is believed to be more than mere appearance, though it clearly also has novel, ornamental, and non-obvious distinctiveness, in my opinion.",
284
+ "Upon impact, the illustrated faceguard 22 (FIG. 3) is able to move and flex slightly as indicated by arrow 60. Notably, this action does not cause release of the latching member 31 due to the direction of forces generated in the present arrangement.",
285
+ "Additional embodiments of the present invention are presented below. Features that are similar or identical are identified using the same numbers as previously discussed but with the addition of a letter \u201cA,\u201d \u201cB,\u201d or \u201cC.\u201d This is done for the purpose of reducing redundant discussion.",
286
+ "In an alternative faceguard 22A (FIG. 7), the latching member 31A is moved to a front side of the vertical section 58A which is the reverse of the faceguard 22 (FIG. 3). The teeth 44A (FIG. 7) are positioned on the front surface 42A, and latching tooth(s) 59A are similarly moved to a location on the latching member 31A for engagement with the teeth 44A. Upon impact, the faceguard 22A tends to immediately resist any impacting force by generation of a resisting torque created by forces from the helmet shell 21A indicated at arrows 61A and 62A. At the same time, any impact forces that would tend to force a person's head upward would be dampened by a limited movement 63A of the faceguard 22A as the vertical section 58A moves against the latching member 31A.",
287
+ "In an alternative faceguard 22B (FIG. 8), the front horizontal section 57B of the faceguard 22B is elongated such that its rear end 64B (i.e. at the joint 71B of the horizontal and vertical sections 57B and 58B) abuts the rear surface 43B of the receptor 30B. Thus, when a front impact occurs such as when a rider's face strikes a horse's neck or head, the force is immediately resisted without movement of the faceguard 22B. Also, the handle 59B\u2032 is shaped to create an aesthetic and highly useful arrangement where the rider is able to release the latching member 31B by pinching the handle 59B\u2032 to cause the latching member 31B to move to a release position.",
288
+ "In an alternative faceguard 22C (FIG. 9) a sleeve-like locking member 70C is slidably positioned on the vertical section 58C. The locking member 70C is configured to move into the space between the latching member 31C and the vertical section 58C. A detent formed between the locking member 70C and the vertical section 58C retains the locking member 70C in its locking position until a person pulls down on the locking member 70C. This illustrated faceguard 22C includes front and rear latching members 31C and the illustrated locking member 70C includes front and rear flanges adapted to take up the spaces between the two latching members 31C and the vertical section 58C. By this arrangement, when the locking member 70C is in an up/locked position, the faceguard 22C is rigidly attached to the helmet shell 21C and is not moveable upon impact. Nonetheless, it is noted that some flexing and bending of the faceguard 22C will occur during an impact. For example, in a front impact, the horizontal and vertical sections 57C and 58C will torsionally absorb energy as they bend, particularly at their joint 71C.",
289
+ "FIG. 10 discloses a particular faceguard 22D where the tail end of the vertical section 58D includes a protruding guide ramp section 80D on an outboard side surface having a width narrower than the section 58D. The ramp section 80D helps with alignment and stabilization of the blade in the helmet. Also, the latching member 31D is modified to be thinner than the vertical section 58D, and to include a distinctive step 81D that helps to form a positive engagement with the mating step in the receptacle in the helmet and helps to provide the distinctive click noise during positive latching engagement. The lower end of the latching member 31D includes an enlarged tab 82D forming an enlarged surface for receiving a finger when pressing the latching member 31D to release the faceguard 22D. The other side of the faceguard 22D is similarly shaped.",
290
+ "FIG. 11 discloses a particular helmet 20E having a shell 21E and faceguard 22E similar to that shown in FIG. 1, but with a chin strap 48E with a chin-engaging section 48E\u2032. (Compare FIGS. 3 and 11.)",
291
+ "A modified helmet 120 (FIG. 12) is provided that also is particularly adapted for use in equestrian sports. Nonetheless, like the aforementioned helmets, it is contemplated that the helmet 120 is adapted for use in many other sports and situations where protective head gear is desired that allows a wide unobstructed field of view and where its faceguard may want to be easily and quickly removed. In the additional embodiment below, features that are similar or identical are identified using the same numbers as previously discussed but with the addition of 100 to the number. For example, number 120 is used for the helmet (previously referred to as number 20, etc). This is done for the purpose of reducing redundant discussion.",
292
+ "The illustrated helmet 120 (FIG. 12) includes an impact-resistant outer helmet shell 121 and a U-shaped releasably-attached faceguard 122. The shell 121 is formed to cover an upper half and rear neck portion of a wearer's head. The shell 121 (FIG. 18) is two-piece, and includes an upper dome 123 and also has a lower continuous rim 124 extending around the dome 123. The lower rim 124 fits matably against a bottom edge of the dome 123 and is screwed thereto to form a rigid assembly. The separate lower rim 124 facilitates molding into the shell the latching cavities 130 (also called \u201creceptors\u201d herein), the cavities 130 having undercut laterally-extending surfaces designed to be releasably engaged by the latch members 131 on the rearwardly extending portions of the faceguard 122, as discussed below. The attachment cavities 130 open downwardly through the rim 124, such that they are not visible from the sides or the front of the helmet 120, which is an important property of the present helmet 120 as discussed above. In helmet 120, the latch members 131 are separately molded components pivotally attached to and supported on a tail end (or blade portion) of the rear upright section 158. The latch members 131 include a main body biased into engagement with the laterally extending surfaces by an integral spring 235 such that they securely engage the attachment receptors 130 with an audible click. Also, this allows them to be released by a simple pinching motion, allowing the faceguard 122 to be quickly and easily released from the helmet 121 with a smooth easy finger motion. At the same time, this allows the latch members 131 to be made of a material optimized for durability and resiliency, which is preferably of a material different than the faceguard itself.",
293
+ "As illustrated in FIG. 18, a foam shock absorber 200 is positioned within the helmet 120 in a position captured between the upper dome 123 and lower rim 124. A chin strap 201 is secured to the assembly of the helmet 120 and shock absorber 200, and includes first strap sections 202 that extend downwardly from the helmet 120 at position generally forward of a wearer's ears. Releasable clips 203 are provided on ends of the strap sections 202 for engagement proximate a wearer's chin. The strap sections 202 may also include a chin pad if desired. The chin strap 201 also includes a rear strap section 204 that extends from a location above a rear neck area of the wearer, and extends downwardly and around the strap sections 202.",
294
+ "An adjustable strap 205 (FIG. 18) secures the rear strap section 204 to the assembly of the helmet 120 and shock absorber 200. Specifically, a transverse rod-shaped anchor 206 is positioned in the helmet 120 above the rim 124 and between the shock absorber 200 and the upper dome 123. A cup-shaped or cylindrical bushing is positioned on each end of the anchor 206 to assist in rotation of the anchor and to provide clearance for the strap. The adjustable strap 205 (FIG. 19) extends around the anchor 206 and doubles back on itself at a location where it includes mating patches 207 of hook-and-loop material. The adjustable strap 205 allows adjustment of the chin strap 201 by providing for a length adjustment of the adjustable strap 205 as follows. A person wearing the helmet 120 can pull a terminal end 208 of the adjustable strap 205 free, and then pull downward to shorten the strap (or can then adjust the helmet to cause the strap to lengthen). This causes the chin strap 201 to be lengthened relative to the chin of a person wearing the helmet 120. The chin strap 201 is fixed in the new position by reattaching the patches 207. Notably, when the adjustable strap 205 is pulled, it slidingly rolls around the rod-like anchor 206 with a smooth and relatively easy motion. Also, the rod-like anchor 206 can be supported for slight rotation and/or fore/aft movement when adjustable strap 205 is adjusted. An upper portion of the rim 124 can be configured to securely support the anchor 206 with sufficient stability for the purpose intended. Thus, a unique and user-friendly adjustability is provided with the present helmet 120. Where desired, additional patches 209 are provided on the chin strap 201 and/or on an inside of the shock absorber 200, such as for comfort and/or absorption of sweat.",
295
+ "The shell 121 (FIG. 18) includes a front portion 125, lateral side portions 126, and a rear portion 127, all portions 125\u2013127 having outer surfaces that are relatively smooth, particularly the lateral side portions 126. The reason for this is both aesthetics (i.e., to match the traditional shape of equestrian helmets) and also function (to avoid outward protrusions that can cause safety concerns). Nonetheless, recesses and embossments can be formed into the shell dome 123 for functional reasons and as a complementary shape to the helmet design as noted below.",
296
+ "The shock absorber 200 (FIG. 18) is configured to fit matably upwardly into the concavity of the upper dome 123 and further includes a lower portion shaped to fit matably into a concavity of the lower rim 124. It is contemplated that the assembly of the upper dome 123 and lower rim 124 will create a clean, relatively \u201cperfect\u201d line around the helmet 120. Further, in many cases, the helmet 120 will be covered by a fabric covering 211 (FIG. 25), such that the line will not be visible. Nonetheless, it is noted that an aesthetic tape 212 (FIG. 18) can be used. Where the aesthetic tape 212 is about \u00bc inch wide (or wider), the tape 212 doubles as an additional attachment device for securing the dome 123 and rim 124 together. It is noted that the present invention is intended to include securing the dome 123 and rim 124 together in many different ways, such as mechanically (with screws as shown, or with rivets, heat-staked studs, sticky tape spanning the line of joindure, integral structure configured for snap-attachment, etc), chemically (adhesively, material bonding through melting, RF bonding, sonic bonding, insert or over-molding, etc), and/or in combinations of the above.",
297
+ "The upper dome 123 (FIG. 18) is particularly constructed to facilitate molding and later assembly. The upper dome 123 includes an X-shaped arrangement of embossed ribs 214 that extend across the upper dome 123, providing stiffening of the upper dome 123. The ribs 214 form recessed areas 214 that have been found to provide a very attractive \u201cbalanced\u201d appearance to the upper dome 123. Upper dome 123 also is configured with apertures 215 that match apertures 216 in the shock absorber 200. The apertures 215 and 216 align to provide for air flow through to a person wearing the helmet 120, which can be important for comfort and to provide cooling air to the wearer's head.",
298
+ "Rim 124 (FIG. 18) as shown forms a continuous ring matching a lower portion of the upper dome 123, and includes a forwardly-extending portion forming a bill 124\u2032.",
299
+ "The illustrated bill 124\u2032 is integrally formed with the rim 124. However, it is contemplated that the bill (124\u2032) can be made as a separate part and from a softer material. In such circumstance, the bill would include a rear edge clamped between the rim 124 and the dome 123. If desired, the bill could include a ridge that fits into a groove running along the inter-engaging surfaces between the rim 124 and dome 123. The bill could be removed by loosening the screws, removing the bill from between the rim 124 and dome 123, and re-tightening the screws. For example some equestrian covers already have a soft bill on them, and it may be undesirable to have a \u201csecond\u201d or duplicative bill on the helmet 120.",
300
+ "More specifically in regard to the illustrated rim, the rim 124 includes spaced apart inner and outer walls 220 and 221 connected by a lower wall 222 to define an upwardly facing cavity 223 adapted to receive a lower edge of the shock absorber 200. An outer surface of the outer wall 220 generally aligns with an outer surface of the upper dome 123 for providing a flush appearance, but can of course include an offset if desired. A plurality of apertured bosses 224 are positioned around the rim 124 in the cavity 223, and are positioned to align with similarly shaped apertured bosses on the upper dome 123. Screws 226 fit through the lower bosses 224 and thread into the aligned apertured bosses in the upper dome 123 to secure the rim 123 to the dome 124. Stiffening ribs 227 extend between the inner and outer walls 220 and 221 for stabilizing the walls 220 and 221. It is noted that the bosses 224 also support the walls 220 and 221 relative to each other.",
301
+ "The stiffening ribs 227 (FIG. 18) are located generally above and a bit behind the wearer's ears at a location where they form part of the attachment cavities 130. It is contemplated that the attachment cavities 130 include an apertured opening or notched surface forming a \u201cblind\u201d surface 229 suitable for latching engagement by latch members 131 on the faceguard 122. The lower wall 222 includes a downwardly-open access opening 230 for the blade ends 231 of the faceguard 122 to fit upwardly into.",
302
+ "The latching members 131 (FIGS. 20\u201321) are separately molded plastic components made of a durable resilient material such as nylon. Each latching member 131 includes a body 233 pivoted to the blade end 231 near its upper end by a rivet-like pivot pin 234. An integrally formed leaf spring 235 extends from an upper end of the body 233 at an angle such that it engages the blind surface 229 on the rim 124 to bias the body 233 of the latching member 130 forwardly. A latching ledge 237 is formed in a front of the body 233. The latching ledge 237 is shaped to engage the blind surface 229 formed on the rim 124 when the blade end 231 is fully inserted into the cavity 130, and is biased into engagement by the spring 235. A release tab 239 is formed on the body 233 and is shaped for depressing engagement by a wearer's finger to move the body 233 against a force of the spring 235 into a position where the latching ledge 237 is released from the blind surface 229. The tab 239 extends below the rim 124 for easy access, and is positioned near but spaced slightly from the blade end 231, so that the wearer can, with one hand and with a smooth easy motion, pinch the tab 239 against the blade end 231 and release the latching member(s) 130 on the faceguard 122. A shape of the release tab 239 generally matches and complements a shape of the blade end 231, so that the helmet's aesthetics are maintained.",
303
+ "The fabric covering 211 (FIG. 25) includes a fabric main panel with elastic or cord 211\u2032 around its perimeter. Such fabric coverings are well known in the art, such that a detailed description is not required herein. The illustrated covering 211 can be positioned on the helmet 120, with its perimeter and elastic tensioned around the helmet 120 at a location under the rim 124. Alternatively, the perimeter of the covering can be pinched between or secured along the joint line between the dome 123 and rim 124. If desired, retainers can be formed along the joindure of the dome 123 and rim 124 for retaining the covering.",
304
+ "It is also contemplated that the appearance of the designs of the assembly and of the various components individually as illustrated in the various FIGS. 1\u201325 are novel, ornamental, and unobvious and hence patentable based on their aesthetics.",
305
+ "It is to be understood that variations and modifications can be made on the aforementioned structure without departing from the concepts of the present invention and further it is to be understood that such concepts are intended to be covered by the following claims unless these claims by their language expressly state otherwise."
306
+ ],
307
+ "citations": [
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+ ],
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+ "us_classification": "2 10",
378
+ "international_classifications": [
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+ {
380
+ "classification_level": "A",
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+ "section": "A",
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+ "classification_class": "61",
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+ "subclass": "F",
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+ "main_group": "9",
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+ "subgroup": "00"
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+ }
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+ }
json_patents/06983489.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Nursing garment and support bra",
3
+ "abstract": "A nursing garment and support bra is provided as an outer body covering for a nursing mother suitable as a sleeping garment which provides support for the breasts and access to the breasts by a nursing infant, provides breast pad pockets to hold breast pads to contain flow from leaking breasts, or prostheses, provides two Vneckline breast retention panels easily slipped off the wearer's shoulder or pulled to one side to expose a breast for nursing by a nursing infant, and can function as a support bra for women who have undergone surgery and have use of a prosthesis.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Caprio"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983489",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Raggle, Inc."
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A nursing garment and support bra as an outer body covering for a nursing mother suitable as a sleeping garment and support bra which provides support for the breasts and access to the breasts by a nursing infant, which nursing garment and support bra, in combination, comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "two cros-over shoulder supported shoulder slip-off breast retention panels with Vnecklines and elastic straps incorporated therein;",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "an abdomen covering panel;",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "component": "a back covering panel;",
27
+ "subcomponents": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "component": "the two cross-over-shoulder supported shoulder slip-off breast retention panels secured to the abdomen-covering panel by a seam joining the said two breast retention panels to said abdomen covering panel to form a Vneckline opening, each said cross-over breast retention panel constructed of an angled side edge to form one side of a Vneckline, each said panel crossing over the other,",
31
+ "subcomponents": []
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "component": "the two cross-over shoulder supported shoulder slip-off breast retention panels are attached to the back panel to form right and left coverings for the right breast and left breast of the nursing mother, each shoulder supported shoulder slip-off breast retention panel secured to a top of the back covering panel to form shoulder support of the garment;",
35
+ "subcomponents": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "component": "each cross-over shoulder supported shoulder slip-off breast retention panel comprising two fabric layers, a first fabric layer as an outer panel covering, a second fabric layer as a liner for the first fabric layer and, each second fabric layer containing an opening positioned over each breast;",
39
+ "subcomponents": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "component": "each cross-over shoulder supported shoulder slip-off breast retention panel containing an elastic strap positioned on the Vneckline of each shoulder supported shoulder slip-off breast retention panel from the shoulder of each said breast retention panel to the seam securing each breast retention panel to the abdomen covering panel;",
43
+ "subcomponents": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "component": "said elastic strap positioned on said Vneckline and secured to said seam securing each cross-over shoulder supported shoulder slip-off breast retention panel to the abdomen panel below the breasts, and secured to each side seam of the back covering panel at the left and right sides of the garment;",
47
+ "subcomponents": []
48
+ },
49
+ {
50
+ "component": "the abdomen covering panel secured to each side of the back covering panel to form a body covering garment in conjunction with said two cross-over shoulder supported shoulder slip-off breast retention panels and;",
51
+ "subcomponents": []
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "component": "means to secure the bottom edges of the abdomen covering panel and the joined back covering panel as a retention means for positioning and fitting the nursing garment and support bra around the nursing mother's body.",
55
+ "subcomponents": []
56
+ }
57
+ ]
58
+ },
59
+ {
60
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
61
+ "preamble": "2. The nursing garment and support bra of claim 1 wherein the two fabric layers of said two cross-over shoulder supported shoulder slip-off breast retention panels are joined with, the fabric layer on the body side of each said breast retention panel having an opening.",
62
+ "components": []
63
+ },
64
+ {
65
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
66
+ "preamble": "3. The nursing garment and support bra of claim 1 wherein the garment is made of a natural, synthetic or natural/synthetic blend fabric, which is soft, stretchable, and resilient, providing a moderate degree of support for the portion of the woman's body which it encases.",
67
+ "components": []
68
+ },
69
+ {
70
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
71
+ "preamble": "4. The nursing garment and support bra of claim 1 wherein the fabric of the garment is selected from the group consisting of spandex, nylon, polyester, cotton and blends thereof.",
72
+ "components": []
73
+ },
74
+ {
75
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
76
+ "preamble": "5. The nursing garment and support bra of claim 1 wherein the back covering has \u201cscoop\u201d style shoulder straps to define a conventional back neck opening wherein the back neck opening extends to about the shoulder blades and the arm opening is defined by the garment's shoulder straps.",
77
+ "components": []
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
81
+ "preamble": "6. The nursing garment and support bra of claim 1 wherein the back covering is defined with \u201cT\u201d style shoulder straps, the neck opening does not extend down the back of the wearer, is high up on the back and close to the neck line, and the arm openings extend into the back of the wearer sufficiently to provide support to the bosom of the wearer.",
82
+ "components": []
83
+ },
84
+ {
85
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
86
+ "preamble": "7. The nursing garment and support bra of claim 1 wherein said outer body covering encases a woman's torso.",
87
+ "components": []
88
+ },
89
+ {
90
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
91
+ "preamble": "8. The nursing garment and support bra of claim 1 wherein the back of the garment from the center back below the neck opening of the garment to the bottom hem line of the garment, comprises a fitted back.",
92
+ "components": []
93
+ },
94
+ {
95
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
96
+ "preamble": "9. The nursing garment and support bra of claim 1 wherein said means secured to the bottom edges of the abdomen covering panel and the joined back covering panel as a retention means for positioning and fitting the garment around the nursing mother's body comprises an elastic lace of a sufficient elasticity to provide moderate stretchability without high stretchability.",
97
+ "components": []
98
+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
101
+ "preamble": "10. The nursing garment and support bra of claim 1 wherein said means to secure the bottom edges of the abdomen covering panel and the joined back cover panel for positioning and fitting the garment around the nursing mothers body comprises a hem line secured to the bottom edges of the abdomen covering panel and the joined back covering panel.",
102
+ "components": []
103
+ },
104
+ {
105
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
106
+ "preamble": "11. The nursing garment and support bra of claim 1 wherein said opening is positioned to fit over each breast for positioning, a breast pad and prosthesis, and is, in the form of any one of a slit, a circular opening, an oval opening or combination thereof.",
107
+ "components": []
108
+ }
109
+ ],
110
+ "description": [
111
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
112
+ "The present invention relates to a nursing garment suitable as a sleeping gown and more particularly accommodates the need of a nursing mother for support of the bosom during sleeping and provides for absorption of fluid leaking from the breasts during the night. The present invention relates to a garment which provides support to the wearer but does not restrict movement of the wearer without the necessity of wearing a bra, thus alleviating the discomfort and restrictions of wearing a bra. The present invention also relates to a garment suitable as a support bra for women who have undergone mastectomies, lump-ectomies and breast reduction to provide a garment with needed support after these surgeries.",
113
+ "The invented garment functions as a bra replacement for women who have undergone mastectomies, lump-ectomies and breast reduction. Women who have undergone these procedures may wear the present invention as a support top and use it to give them the support needed after these surgeries without the discomfort of wearing a bra. The top supports the wearer but does not restrict movement of the wearer.",
114
+ "The pockets in the present invention allow a woman wearing it after breast surgery to place her prosthetic device right into the top, rather than needing a separate garment to hold her prosthesis. These pockets allow the wearer to place the prosthesis in either or both sides of the top allowing a comfortable and more natural look.",
115
+ "The present invention is designed in a full length or waist length as well as a shorter, midriff length. This allows the wearer to wear the garment(s) in all stages of her recovery. Most patients are not allowed to wear bras or any garments that cut under the bust line after surgery. The top in the waist length allows the wearer to feel the support of a bra but not be restricted under the bust line. Upon further recovery, the patient can utilize the top in the shorter length or midriff length allowing the wearer to return to a bra type garment and still not have the need to layer a prosthetic holding bra or device under her bra because the pockets are in the present invention as well.",
116
+ "The invented garment overcomes the problem that there are no garments currently available in the mastectomy or breast reduction clothing market that have pockets for the prosthesis, encompassing a design that gives support to the \u201cgood\u201d breast. Also the garments that are on the market typically consist of a looser design that does not support either breast. The present invention supports the \u201cgood\u201d breast and holds the prosthetic device close to the body of the wearer for a natural, more comfortable fit and effect.",
117
+ "The purpose of the garment is to provide sleepwear for a nursing mother and a support bra for women who have undergone surgery. The garment accommodates the need of a nursing mother for support of the bosom without the requirement for a nursing brassiere being a necessity for sleeping and nursing. The garment is unique in that the garment provides support to the woman's bosom without the constrictions of a nursing bra. The garment is comfortable enough to wear every day and all day, yet holds the bosom to the body with support at night during sleep. The garment eliminates the need to wear a nursing bra and a pajama top or pajama jacket to bed. This garment is unique in that the invented garment avoids the constrictions of a bra, yet provides the needed support for the bosom, accommodates the need for a nursing bra, and accommodates the need of the infant to nurse. The garment is unique in that it functions as a support bra for women who have undergone mastectomies, lump-ectomies and breast reduction.",
118
+ "Many women need more support than others so a large busted woman will need more support than a small-busted woman. After pregnancy and birth of a child, even a small-busted woman frequently will have a larger bust than before the pregnancy and birth. The instant invented garment provides the means to adjust the garment and provide the needed support for either a large busted woman or for the change in bust size as required by the woman's changing size from pregnancy to post delivery.",
119
+ "During periods of nursing, while the infant is nursing at one breast, the stimulation occasioned by the feeding infant at the one breast can result in flow from the other breast of the woman in what has been termed \u201cleakage.\u201d The flow from the breast not in use can soak the woman's clothing and render the garments wet and uncomfortable to wear. The invented embodiment provides breast pad pockets to hold breast pads to contain leakage from the breasts.",
120
+ "The invented garment comprises a sleepwear garment for a nursing mother, the garment utilizing a fabric of a cotton blend with a stretch constituent fabric, spandex, the garment being designed as a shoulder supported garment of waist length with an elastic bias seam beneath the bust line and above the waist-length of the garment. Closure means of the upper overlays above the body-encircling bias seam is provided, the upper body overlays containing inside pockets for holding removable breast pads to contain breast leakage. The inside pockets can hold a prosthesis device if such is used.",
121
+ "The invented embodiment allows women to use breast pads if desired. If no breast pad is desired, the garment lies flat against the breasts and remains comfortable and supportive. A woman therefor can wear the garment in the invented embodiment long after the woman stops nursing. If breast pads are used for a few months and then discarded, the garment will return to a flatter shape and not hold the shape when breast pads were used. The invented garment with breast pad inserts in the breast pad pockets can be worn as a nursing garment and later as comfortable, supportive sleepwear and a support bra after the need for nursing has passed without the breast pad inserts. The invented embodiment allows women after breast surgery requiring a prosthesis to place the prosthesis device in the breast pad pockets of the garment rather than needing a separate garment to hold the prosthesis. The separate breast pad pockets allow the wearer to place the prosthesis in either or both sides of the garment to allow a comfortable and natural appearance without the discomfort of wearing a bra but with the support needed after surgery.",
122
+ "2. Description of the Prior Art",
123
+ "Many prior art nursing garments are known in the art to accommodate a nursing mother to nurse a child while wearing a garment. The prior art garments, however, tend to be directed to separate aspects of the problems a nursing mother encounters. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,848,439 relates to a nursing cape adapted to cover a mother's upper torso and drape over an infant while breast-feeding to provide a high level of privacy. U.S. Pat. No. 5,611,086 teaches a nursing garment which includes a vest which is attached to an undergarment which covers the upper torso of a nursing mother. The undergarment has a pair of openings through which the mother's breasts will protrude to permit nursing of a baby. Pockets formed in the vest on the inward side by a pair of flaps of liquid permeable material have liquid absorbent material inserted therein to absorb liquid which may leak from the nursing mother's breasts. The disposable or washable pads which fit therein and their use have been taught in the prior art. U.S. Pat. No. 5,592,692 discloses a garment which conceals a woman's breast while nursing and which can be worn over a wearer's existing clothing to allow a mother to nurse in public where access to privacy is unavailable. U.S. Pat. No. 5,461,725 provides a nursing garment with stretchable resilient support straps and a bodice. The straps are sufficiently resilient and stretchable so that the wearer can pull down the bodice to expose a breast for nursing, and when through, the wearer can return the bodice to its original position covering the breast. The bodice is V-necked and features a left cup and a right cup and is made to exhibit good horizontal stretch. The straps can be made of the same material as the bodice and can be of the same resilient and stretchable material. The bodice cups are formed by elastic shirring down the center of the bodice between the cups thus formed. A band below the cups serves to hold the bodice in place on the body of the wearer as well as to form the cups. Nursing pads or breast pads can be inserted between the material layers of the bodice and are removably secured. The cups support the breasts without a bra. In use, the wearer pulls down a cup to expose a breast, the cup being held under the breast by the contour and fold of the breast. The other breast remains in its cup. The garment can be of the empire style and reveal some breast cleavage to enhance the woman's figure.",
124
+ "Other prior art patents relate to similar related aspects of problems encountered by a nursing mother as to privacy and the need for nursing pads or the need to adjust her garment to feed an infant. U.S. Pat. No. 5,182,813 discloses a nursing garment having a pair of movable breast cover panels connected to opposite sides of an inwardly facing pleat face, the breast panels held in place by interior connections to conceal the wearer's breasts from view through the openings during normal wearing conditions. During nursing, the breast panels are moved through the slash opening of the pleat face to position the breast to allow the infant access to the breast. U.S. Pat. No. 5,103,501 discloses undergarments fabricated out of soft absorbent material. An undershirt has breast openings and nursing pads which cover the breast openings. The breast pads are removable to allow a woman to breast-feed a baby. U.S. Pat. No. 4,648,404 discloses a coordinated nursing slip and a nursing bra which can be worn separately or in combination. In combination, the slip bosom and the bra nursing flap open and close decorously as a unit to allow a mother to nurse her baby in semi-public surroundings with minimum social embarrassment. The nursing feature of the slip is invisible so that it could be worn as a regular slip after the nursing period is over. In use, the slip bosom and bra nursing flap are opened in unison to permit the mother to nurse. U.S. Pat. No. 4,208,743 discloses a gown for a mother to nurse an infant without partially disrobing. The gown is provided with two apertures, one on each side, essentially under each arm, each aperture so located that either breast can be exposed. The apertures are located to enable the mother to insert both hands at the same time to open a nursing type brassiere to nurse a child without opening the gown or exposing the body. U.S. Pat. No. 3,611,439 discloses a nursing gown with breast covering panels which can be dropped to expose either breast for the purpose of nursing.",
125
+ "None of the above inventions and patents, taken either singularly or in combination, is seen to describe the instant invention. Thus a nursing garment suitable as a sleeping gown and can function as a support bra for women who have undergone surgery, which particularly accommodates the need of a nursing mother for support of the bosom during sleep without the requirement for a nursing brassiere and provides for absorption of fluid leaking from the breasts during the night or from one breast when the infant is on the other breast is desired.",
126
+ "The invented garment a sleepwear garment for a nursing mother and a support bra for women who have undergone surgery. The garment utilizes a fabric of cotton blended with a stretch constituent, spandex, the garment comprising a shoulder supported garment of waist length with bosom support and retained shoulder slio-off front cross-over panels held in place by shoulder straps. The front shoulder straps and front panels have elastic straps incorporated therein for securing the shoulder straps and front panels in place over the breasts. The front shoulder straps and front panels are a single piece secured to the breast support seam of the garment. The breast support seam located below the breasts incorporates an elastic strap and is secured by the side seams of the garment back. An elastic stretch lace secures the garment around the body of the wearer. Each front panel includes a breast pad pocket, the pocket comprising a liner sewn into each front panel to hold a breast pad or prosthesis. Each panel liner embodying the pocket has an opening on the body side to provide access for the breast pad insert or prosthesis. The outer covering, the front shoulder straps and front panels, and the inner breast pad pocket liners are made of soft, stretchable natural, or synthetic fabrics or blends thereof. Preferably the garment is made of a fabric with stretchability.",
127
+ "FIG. 1 is a front view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention with the elastic straps on the front panels, the breast support elastic strap and the elastic lace trim and hidden pockets shown in each panel.",
128
+ "FIG. 2 is a cutaway of the present invention to show the body side breast panel pocket openings in each panel liner.",
129
+ "FIG. 3 is a view of a scoop back of the garment.",
130
+ "FIG. 4 is a view of a \u201cT\u201d style, or racer style, back of the garment.",
131
+ "In describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to FIGS. 1-4 in which like numerals refer to like features of the invention.",
132
+ "A front view of the preferred embodiment of the invention is depicted in FIG. 1. The sleepwear garment comprises an outer covering 10 consisting of two breast retention cross-over panels, 17 and 18, abdomen covering panel 14 and a back covering panel 12. The two cross-over breast retention panels 17 and 18 are constructed of angled side edges to form one side of the Vneckline and the bottom of the Vneckline is formed where the panels cross one over the other as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Panels 17 and 18 are joined to panel 14 by seam 20. Seam 20 is located above the waistline of the wearer of the garment and suitably below the breasts to cause the breast retention panels to support the undersides and sides of the breasts but do not otherwise restrict movement of the breasts by the wearer of the garment. Covering 10 extends below the arms and includes shoulder straps 16 as part of the breast retention panels. The outer covering 10 is made of a natural, synthetic or natural/synthetic blend fabric suitable for the desired end use such as spandex, nylon, polyester, cotton or blends thereof. The fabric should be soft, stretchable and resilient while still providing a moderate degree of support for the portion of the woman's torso, which it encases.",
133
+ "As shown in FIG. 1, the outer covering 10 encases at least the bust region of a woman's torso and covers the abdomen, hips and rear areas as well, those portions of a woman's torso conventionally covered by a woman's jacket. Alternatively, the outer covering 10 can comprise a full-length gown, which encases a woman's torso from the shoulders to below the knees with a full skirt for the wearer's comfort and ease of movement. The shoulder straps form a neck opening 19 and a pair of arm openings 35. The lower portion 14 of outer covering 10 covering the abdomen and the two breast retention panels 17 and 18, with v-necklines, are sewn or otherwise secured to the garment's back panel 12 along the side seams. The front panel covering the abdomen and the rear portion of the outer covering may be made of separate fabric panels in which case they are sewn or otherwise secured along side seams. Each breast retention panel, 17 and 18, comprises two layers of fabric, the inner layer 32 containing openings to insert breast pads, the outer layer furnishing the outer covering 10, the two layers sewn together to form a pocket therein, the inner layer 32 with an opening 22 on the body side to provide access for placement of a pad or prosthesis between the layers.",
134
+ "As shown in FIG. 1, each shoulder strap 16 of each breast retention panel which form the shoulder straps of the garment, there is an elastic strap 25 secured to each shoulder strap 16 joining the shoulder end of the shoulder strap to the seam 20 joining the breast retention panels and the abdomen covering panel 14. An elastic strap 30 is secured to seam 20 joining the breast retention panels 17 and 18 and the abdomen covering panel 14, the elastic strap 30 secured to the side seams joining the back panel 12 to the breast retention panels 17 and 18 and abdomen covering panel 14. The elastic straps are of a suitable elasticity to provide a measure of support to the undersides and sides of the breasts. Elastic lace 26 is secured to the lower portion of the abdomen covering panel 14 and the back 12 of garment 10 as a stretchable retention means for positioning and fitting the garment to secure the garment around the body of the wearer. The elastic lace 26 is of a sufficient elasticity to provide moderate stretch ability of the garment without high stretch ability. Alternatively, a hemline is secured to the lower portion of the abdomen covering panel 14 and the back 12 of garment 10 as a retention means for positioning and fitting the garment around the nursing mother's body.",
135
+ "FIG. 2 depicts the hidden breast retention liners of panels 17 and 18 with openings 22 providing entrance to the breast retention panel pockets formed within the panel between the outer covering and the liner. The openings 22 are suitably positioned to fit over each breast for positioning, a breast pad and prosthesis, and is, alternatively, in the form of a slit, a circular opening, an oval opening, and any modification of a slit opening, a circular opening, oval opening.",
136
+ "The breast pad pocket openings on each breast retention panel are suitably located that the breast pads and prosthesis are secured between the breasts and the breast retention panels, the breast pads and prosthesis being held between the two fabric layers of each breast panel, the fabric layers being soft stretchable and resilient of cotton with a stretch constituent, spandex, to hold the breast pads and prosthesis in place over each breast.",
137
+ "FIG. 3 depicts the rear view of the nursing garment with \u201cscoop\u201d style back shoulder neckline and shows the elastic lace 26 secured to the garment to secure the garment around the body of the wearer. The shoulder straps 16 define a conventional \u201cscoop\u201d back in which the neck opening 19 extends to about the shoulder blades.",
138
+ "FIG. 4 depicts the rear view of the nursing garment with alternative \u201cT\u201d style shoulder straps or a \u201cracer\u201d back to provide added support to women who need such. In the alternative style shown, the shoulder straps 16 define the \u201cT\u201d style back in which the neck opening 19 does not extend down the back of the wearer but is higher up on the back and closer to the neck line while the arm openings 18 extend well into the back of the wearer. Any other type of construction along the back region of the garment may be utilized to provide support to the bosom of the wearer but such construction should provide cross support as high as possible and preferably no lower than just below the bust line.",
139
+ "Turning again to FIG. 1, the view depicts that the nursing garment embodies a Vneckline. This allows the nursing mother to slide either shoulder strap off her shoulder to nurse her child. The Vneckline in the front of the garment allows the woman to easily slip the shoulder strap and breast retention panel down so that there is no need to fumble with hooks or clasps in the middle of the feeding period. One breast remains covered while the other breast is used. In an alternative embodiment, there is no need for the woman to be concerned about soaking the garment while nursing the baby because the breast pads stay in place by the stretchability and elastic support provided by the stretchable materials of the fabric layers of the panels and can absorb fluid from the breast not being used for nursing. The breast pads, remaining in place, also absorb fluid from both breasts after the nursing period if fluid continues to flow.",
140
+ "Referring to FIG. 2, the breast pad pocket openings 22 depicted are hidden on each breast retention panel 17 and 18 by outer covering 10. The breast pad pocket openings are positioned on each panel 17 and 18 in suitable position over each breast, each opening to receive and hold a breast pad or prosthesis. The dimension of the opening can be sized to allow breast pads of any suitable size to be held in place by the stretchability and elastic support provided by the stretchable materials of the fabric layers of the panels. The breast retention panel inner layers are fashioned of the same material as throughout the garment but it is understood that variations in fabric used for the inner layers and the dimensions of the opening are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.",
141
+ "Essential elements of the garment comprise the two Vneckline breast retention panels which are easily slipped off the wearer's shoulder to expose a breast, and the three elastic straps which hold the garment in place on the wearer as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Two straps 16 are secured to the Vnecklines of the breast retention panels 17 and 18. The third breast support elastic strap 20 is located below the bosom and secured to the side seams joining the breast retention panels to the back panel. The breast support elastic strap 20 is also secured to the seam joining the two breast retention panels to the abdomen-covering panel. An additional essential element comprises the elastic lace strap, which encircles the wearer at the base of the garment and serves to hold the garment in place around the torso of the wearer. The fabric comprising the garment is an additional essential element being a cotton blend with a stretch constituent which provides stretchability with recoverability, is soft to the touch, and supportive to the wearer's body. The Vneckline design of the garment as in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a further essential element of the garment 10 in that the separate breast panels comprising the Vneckline permit the wearer to slip a breast retention panel and shoulder strap off her shoulder at the wearer's convenience without undoing straps, hooks, buttons, or clasps, and to readjust the breast retention panel and shoulder strap back upon her body to the panel's original breast covering position with ease.",
142
+ "An alternative embodiment of the invented garment can comprise a full-length gown or dress which encases a woman's torso from the shoulders to below the knees with a full skirt for the wearer's comfort and ease of movement. An alternative embodiment of the dress can comprise the back of the dress having a center seam running from the center back below the neck opening 19 of the gown to the center of the waist of the gown to provide a fitted back to the garment if such is desired.",
143
+ "While the fabric used in the garment may be of the same type throughout the garment, the constituents of the fabric may be selected to provide degrees of softness, stretchability, and support to the wearer's torso as desired to increase the wearer's comfort and support needs. While this invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that variations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and that it is intended to cover all changes and modifications of the invention disclosed for the purpose of illustrations which do not constitute departure from the spirit and scope of the invention."
144
+ ],
145
+ "citations": [
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+ "232246",
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+ "778014",
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+ "890614",
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+ "2624049",
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+ "2911650",
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+ "2928396",
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+ "3611439",
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+ "3746007",
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+ "4208743",
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+ "4440174",
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+ "4648404",
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+ "4781650",
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+ "4878879",
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+ "5182813",
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+ "5611086",
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+ "5848439",
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+ "6015331",
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+ "6083079",
169
+ "WO 02/30221"
170
+ ],
171
+ "us_classification": "2 69",
172
+ "international_classifications": [
173
+ {
174
+ "classification_level": "A",
175
+ "section": "A",
176
+ "classification_class": "61",
177
+ "subclass": "B",
178
+ "main_group": "1",
179
+ "subgroup": "00"
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ }
json_patents/06983490.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Protective garment comprising outer shell, outer moisture barrier, thermal liner within outer moisture barrier, and inner moisture barrier at distal edges or at hems",
3
+ "abstract": "In a protective garment comprising an outer shell, a liner providing a conventional moisture barrier within the outer shell, and a thermal liner within the liner providing the conventional moisture barrier, a liner providing an additional moisture barrier within the thermal liner is provided. The additional moisture barrier extends from an edge of the protective garment, into the protective garment, for at least several inches from the edge. The edge could be the distal edge of an arm sleeve of a protective coat, the lower edge of the protective coat, or the distal edge of a leg sleeve of a pair of protective pants.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Lewis",
6
+ "Grilliot",
7
+ "Grilliot"
8
+ ],
9
+ "document_number": "06983490",
10
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
11
+ "assignees": [
12
+ "Morning Pride Manufacturing, L.L.C."
13
+ ],
14
+ "claims": [
15
+ {
16
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
17
+ "preamble": "1. A protective garment comprising an outer shell, a liner providing an outer moisture barrier and having an outer surface facing an inner surface of the outer shell, a thermal liner having an outer surface facing an inner surface of the liner providing the outer moisture barrier, and a liner providing an inner moisture barrier and having an outer surface facing an inner surface of the thermal liner, wherein the inner moisture barrier extends from an edge of the protective garment, into the protective garment, for at least several inches from the edge and the inner and outer moisture barriers constitute means for providing a continuous moisture barrier, and wherein the liner providing the outer moisture barrier and the liner providing the inner moisture barrier are respective portions of a single liner, which is folded over the thermal liner at the edge of the protective garment.",
18
+ "components": []
19
+ },
20
+ {
21
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
22
+ "preamble": "2. The protective garment of claim 1 , wherein the liner providing the outer moisture barrier and the liner providing the inner moisture barrier are made of similar materials and are affixed to one another, along the edge of the protective garment.",
23
+ "components": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
27
+ "preamble": "3. The protective garment of claim 1 , wherein the liner providing the outer moisture barrier and the liner providing the inner moisture barrier are made of similar materials and are sewn to one another, along the edge of the protective garment.",
28
+ "components": []
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
32
+ "preamble": "4. In a protective garment comprising an outer shell, a liner providing a conventional moisture barrier within the outer shell, and a thermal liner within the liner providing the conventional moisture barrier, an improvement wherein a liner providing an additional moisture barrier within the thermal liner is provided and wherein the additional moisture barrier extends from an edge of the protective garment, into the protective garment, for at least several inches from the edge and the inner and outer moisture barriers constitute means for providing a continuous moisture barrier, and wherein the liner providing the outer moisture barrier and the liner providing the inner moisture barrier are respective portions of a single liner, which is folded over the thermal liner at the edge of the protective garment.",
33
+ "components": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
37
+ "preamble": "5. The improvement of claim 4 , wherein the liner providing the outer moisture barrier and the liner providing the inner moisture barrier are made of similar materials and are affixed to one another, along the edge of the protective garment.",
38
+ "components": []
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
42
+ "preamble": "6. The improvement of claim 4 , wherein the liner providing the outer moisture barrier and the liner providing the inner moisture barrier are made of similar materials and are sewn to one another, along the edge of the protective garment.",
43
+ "components": []
44
+ }
45
+ ],
46
+ "description": [
47
+ "This invention pertains to a protective garment, such as a protective garment for a firefighter or for an emergency worker, of a type comprising an outer shell, a liner providing a moisture barrier within the outer shell, and a thermal liner within the liner providing the moisture barrier, which thus is located between the outer shell and the thermal liner.",
48
+ "In a protective garment of the type noted above, it has been known for the liner providing the moisture barrier to be inwardly folded over the thermal liner so as to form a hem, which extends for about one inch and which is sewn to the thermal liner.",
49
+ "When a protective garment of the type noted above becomes wet with water reaching beyond such a hem at the distal edge of an arm of a protective coat, reaching beyond such a hem at the lower edge of a protective coat, or reaching beyond such a hem at the distal edge of a leg of a pair of protective pants, particularly if the thermal liner has a fibrous core, water can be wicked by and through the thermal liner, which can become damp, soggy, and uncomfortable to the wearer of the protective garment.",
50
+ "Heretofore, as an expedient to prevent water from being wicked by and through the thermal liner, it has been known to apply a water-repellant finish, such as a Teflon\u2122 or Scotchguard\u2122 finish, to the inwardly facing surface of the thermal liner. U.S. Pat. No. 6,430,754 B1 discloses a firefighting garment of related interest.",
51
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 4,502,153 discloses an apparel liner of related interest. The apparel liner has a first vapor barrier layer and a second vapor barrier layer, each of substantially moisture impervious material, and a layer of fibrous, thermal insulating material between the first and second vapor barrier layers.",
52
+ "U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/894,187, which was filed on Jul. 19, 2004, by Alan W. Schierenbeck et al. and the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a composite structure of related interest.",
53
+ "As summarized in a first manner, this invention provides a protective garment comprising an outer shell, a liner providing an outer moisture barrier and having an outer surface facing an inner surface of the outer shell, a thermal liner having an outer surface facing an inner surface of the liner providing the outer moisture barrier, and a liner providing an inner moisture barrier and having an outer surface facing an inner surface of the thermal liner, wherein the inner moisture barrier extends from an edge of the protective garment, into the protective garment, for at least several inches from the edge.",
54
+ "As summarized in a second manner, this invention provides in a protective garment comprising an outer shell, a liner providing a conventional moisture barrier within the outer shell, and a thermal liner within the liner providing the conventional moisture barrier, an improvement wherein a liner providing an additional moisture barrier within the thermal liner is provided and wherein the additional moisture barrier extends from an edge of the protective garment, into the protective garment, for at least several inches from the edge.",
55
+ "In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the liner providing the outer moisture barrier and the liner providing the inner moisture barrier are respective portions of a single liner, which is folded at the edge of the protective garment. In an alternative embodiment of this invention, the liner providing the outer moisture barrier and the liner providing the inner moisture barrier are made of similar materials and are affixed to one another, as by being sewn, along the edge of the protective garment.",
56
+ "This invention contemplates that, as contrasted with a water-repellant finish applied to a thermal liner by spraying, rolling, or dipping, the liners providing the respective moisture barriers are self-supporting sheets of a suitable neoprene or other rubber or of a suitable moisture-repellant material, which may be breathable.",
57
+ "FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of a firefighter wearing protective garments, namely, a protective coat and a pair of protective pants, which garments comprise several examples of a preferred embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2, on an enlarged scale, is a sectional view, which is similar whether taken along any of lines 2A\u20142A, 2B\u20142B, and 2C\u20142C in FIG. 1, in a direction indicated by arrows. FIGS. 3A and 3B are similar, sectional views, which illustrate alternative embodiments of this invention.",
58
+ "As illustrated in FIG. 1, a firefighter is wearing an ensemble of protective garments, which include a protective coat 10 having a lower edge 12 and having two arm sleeves 14, each having a distal edge 16, and which include a pair of protective pants 20 having two leg sleeves 24, each having a distal edge 26. The edges 12, 16, 26, are regarded as edges of the protective garment 10, 20.",
59
+ "As illustrated in FIG. 2, the lower edge 12 of the protective coat 10, each of the distal edges 16 of the arm sleeves 14, and the distal edges 26 of the leg sleeves 24 has a similar construction comprising an outer shell 30, a liner 40 providing an outer moisture barrier, a thermal liner 50, and, as provided by this invention, a liner 70 providing an inner moisture barrier, which extends from the edge 12, 16, 26 of the protective garment 10, 20, into the protective garment 10, 20, for at least several inches from the edge 12, 16, 26.",
60
+ "The outer shell 30 has an inner surface 32 and is made from a suitable fabric, such as a NomeX\u2122 or Kevlar\u2122 fabric. The liner 40 providing the outer moisture barrier is worn within the outer shell 30, has an outer surface 42 facing the inner surface 32 of the outer shell 30 and an inner surface 44, and is made from a neoprene rubber, as illustrated in FIG. 2, or from a breathable, water-repellant fabric, such as BreatheTex\u2122 fabric. The thermal liner 50, which is worn within the liner 40 providing the outer moisture barrier, has an outer, fabric layer 52 defining an outer surface 54 of the thermal liner 50, an inner, fabric layer 56 defining an inner surface 58 of the thermal liner 50, and a fibrous fill 60 interposed between those layers 52, 56, and is quilted so as to segregate the fibrous fill 60 into discrete regions. The outer surface 54 of the thermal liner 50 faces the inner surface 44 of the liner 40 providing the outer moisture barrier.",
61
+ "As provided by this invention, a liner 70 providing an inner moisture barrier and having an outer surface 72 facing the inner surface 58 of the thermal liner 50 is made from the material(s) of the liner 40 providing the outer moisture barrier. The liner 70 providing the inner moisture barrier is worn within the thermal liner 50 and extends from the edge 12, 16, 26 of the protective garment 10, 20, into the protective garment 10, 20, for at least several inches from the edge 12, 16, 26. Thus, the liner 70 providing the inner moisture barrier protects the thermal liner 50 against becoming wet from water entering the protective garment 10, 20, for at least several inches from the edge 12, 16, 26. However, where the liner 70 does not cover the inner surface 58 of the thermal liner 50, the thermal liner 50, if made from a material capable of wicking water, is able to wick sweat away from a wearer of the protective garment 10, 20.",
62
+ "In the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the liner 40 providing the outer moisture barrier and the liner 70 providing the inner moisture barrier are respective portions of a single liner, which is folded over the thermal liner 50 at the edge 12, 16, 26, of the protective garment 10, 20. In the alternative embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the liner 40 providing the outer moisture barrier and the liner 70 providing the inner moisture barrier are made of similar materials and are affixed to one another, by being sewn, along the edge 12, 16, 26, of the protective garment 10, 20. As illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the liner 70 is folded over the thermal liner 50 so as to form a hem 80, which is sewn to the liner 40 outwardly of the outer, fabric layer 56 of the thermal liner 50. The liner 40 could be alternatively folded over the thermal liner 50 so as to form a comparable hem, which would be then sewn to the liner 70 inwardly of the inner, fabric layer 56 of the thermal liner 50."
63
+ ],
64
+ "citations": [
65
+ "4114200",
66
+ "4502153",
67
+ "5388270",
68
+ "5890226",
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+ "6336223",
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+ "6430754"
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+ ],
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+ "us_classification": "2 97",
73
+ "international_classifications": [
74
+ {
75
+ "classification_level": "A",
76
+ "section": "A",
77
+ "classification_class": "62",
78
+ "subclass": "B",
79
+ "main_group": "17",
80
+ "subgroup": "00"
81
+ }
82
+ ]
83
+ }
json_patents/06983491.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Odor removal apparatus and/or methods",
3
+ "abstract": "An odor removal apparatus for a toilet wherein the apparatus and toilet has a bowl, an outlet from the bowl and a barrier between the bowl and the outlet which substantially prevents odors from the outlet passing to the bowl. A gas extraction apparatus is in communication with an area in the vicinity of the bowl and the outlet whereby operation of the gas extraction apparatus substantially removes odors from the vicinity of the bowl and transfers them to the outlet. The gas extraction apparatus comprises a fan operable to induce a flow of gases and entrained odors for removal of the odors from the vicinity of a toilet. The fan is immersed in the water in the cistern of the toilet.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Curtis",
6
+ "Mickleson"
7
+ ],
8
+ "document_number": "06983491",
9
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
10
+ "assignees": [],
11
+ "claims": [
12
+ {
13
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
14
+ "preamble": "1. An odor removal apparatus for a toilet or lavatory, the toilet or lavatory having",
15
+ "components": [
16
+ {
17
+ "component": "a bowl,",
18
+ "subcomponents": []
19
+ },
20
+ {
21
+ "component": "an outlet from the bowl,",
22
+ "subcomponents": []
23
+ },
24
+ {
25
+ "component": "a barrier between the bowl and the outlet which substantially prevents odors from the outlet passing to the bowl,",
26
+ "subcomponents": []
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "component": "a gas extraction means in communication with an overflow conduit in a cistern of the toilet, the gas extraction means being in communication with the outlet, whereby operation of the gas extraction means substantially removes odors from the bowl through the overflow conduit and transfers the gases to the outlet, the gas extraction means comprising a fan means including a fan comprising an impeller in the cistern operable to induce a flow of gas and entrained odors for removal of the odors from the vicinity of the toilet or lavatory, and",
30
+ "subcomponents": []
31
+ },
32
+ {
33
+ "component": "the overflow conduit having an inlet disposed higher than the fan means, whereby the fan means is immersed in water in the cistern.",
34
+ "subcomponents": []
35
+ }
36
+ ]
37
+ },
38
+ {
39
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
40
+ "preamble": "2. An odor removal apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising flow control means to prevent odors flowing from the outlet to the bowl through the gas extraction means.",
41
+ "components": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
45
+ "preamble": "3. An odor removal apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fan means includes a housing, a motor within the housing, said impeller being within the housing and coupled to the motor so that operation of the motor imparts rotational energy to the impeller.",
46
+ "components": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
50
+ "preamble": "4. An odor removal apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a flow control means to substantially prevent odors flowing from the outlet to the bowl through the gas extraction means.",
51
+ "components": []
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
55
+ "preamble": "5. An odor removal apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the flow control means is a one-way valve.",
56
+ "components": []
57
+ },
58
+ {
59
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
60
+ "preamble": "6. An odor removal apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising control means to controlling the operation of said fan.",
61
+ "components": []
62
+ },
63
+ {
64
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
65
+ "preamble": "7. An odor removal apparatus as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the control means includes flow rate selection means to allow the user to vary the rate of gas flow induced by the fan means.",
66
+ "components": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
70
+ "preamble": "8. An odor removal apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , the fan being housed in a housing, an outlet in the housing for attachment to a gas inlet conduit, and an outlet in the housing for attachment to a gas outlet conduit.",
71
+ "components": []
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
75
+ "preamble": "9. An odor removal apparatus as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the outlet conduit transfers odors from the fan to outside the toilet, through the base of the cistern.",
76
+ "components": []
77
+ }
78
+ ],
79
+ "description": [
80
+ "This invention relates to odour removal apparatus and methods. In particular, the invention relates to odour removal apparatus and methods for removing gases which include undesirable odours from the vicinity of a toilet or lavatory bowl. However, the invention is not limited to this application.",
81
+ "Most known methods of odour removal for toilets use a fan or the like which is mounted on an exterior wall of the room in which the toilet is located. Such extraction fans are often operated when a user enters the room in which the toilet is located and turns on a light for example. A disadvantage of this known system is that odours must leave the toilet bowl and enter the room before they can be removed from the room. Thus the system really only prevents odours escaping from the room in which the toilet is located rather than removing odours before they enter the room.",
82
+ "The fan constrictions used in these known systems are also cumbersome, making them awkward and expensive to install. Furthermore, they do not have any control system that allows characteristics of the fan to be altered to improve efficiency, performance or to provide a user with a greater range of operating conditions. For example, the known systems are prone to be noisy which can be bothersome to many users and there is no provision for altering fan operating parameters, such as speed, to reduce the noise. Known fans are often left running for long periods of time, which is inefficient and reduces the life of the fan.",
83
+ "Wall and ceiling fan systems typically have limited back pressure capabilities limiting the distance over which the air can be expelled. They thus typically require at least 100 mm ducting. This is very inconvenient to install.",
84
+ "It is an object of the present invention to provide odour removal apparatus and/or methods which will at least go some way toward overcoming the foregoing disadvantages or other disadvantages of known constructions, or which will at least provide the public with a useful choice.",
85
+ "Accordingly, in one aspect, the invention is an odour removal apparatus for a toilet, the toilet having\n\n \n \n a bowl\n an outlet from the bowl\n a barrier between the bowl and the outlet which substantially prevents odours from the outlet passing to the bowl, and\n a gases extraction means in communication with an area in the vicinity of the bowl and the outlet whereby operation of the gases extraction means substantially removes odours from the vicinity of the bowl and transfers them to the outlet.",
86
+ "Preferably the gases extraction means comprises a fan means operable to induce a flow of gases and entrained odours for removal of the odours from the vicinity of a toilet.",
87
+ "Preferably a flow control means is provided to substantially prevent odours flowing from the outlet to the bowl through the gases extraction means.",
88
+ "Preferably the flow control means is a one way valve.",
89
+ "In a further aspect the invention consists in a toilet or lavatory having\n\n \n \n a bowl\n an outlet from the bowl\n the bowl and outlet configured in use to be adapted to provide a substantially odour impermeable barrier,\n a gases delivery passageway provided in or adjacent to the bowl, and a gases receiving passageway provided in communication with the outlet.",
90
+ "Preferably a gases extraction means is in communication with an area in the vicinity of the bowl and the outlet whereby operation of the gases extraction means substantially removes odours from the vicinity of the bowl and transfers them to the outlet.",
91
+ "Preferably the gases extraction means comprises a fan means operable to induce a flow of gases and entrained odours for removal of the odours from the vicinity of a toilet.",
92
+ "Preferably the barrier comprises a water trap.",
93
+ "Preferably a flow control means is provided to substantially prevent odours flowing from the outlet to the bowl through the gases extraction means.",
94
+ "Preferably the flow control means is a one way valve.",
95
+ "Preferably the apparatus includes control means for controlling the operation of the fan means.",
96
+ "Preferably the control means includes flow rate selection means to allow a user to vary the rate of gases flow induced by the fan means.",
97
+ "Preferably the fan means includes\n\n \n \n a housing,\n a motor within the housing,\n an impeller provided within the housing and coupled to the motor so that operation of the motor imparts rotational energy to the impeller,\n an inlet provided in the housing adapted for attachment to a gas inlet conduit,\n an outlet provided in the housing adapted for attachment to a gas outlet conduit.",
98
+ "Preferably the width of the housing being not substantially greater than the width of the inlet or width of the outlet.",
99
+ "Alternatively the fan means includes\n\n \n \n a housing,\n a direct current motor within the housing,\n an impeller provided within the housing and coupled to the motor so that operation of the motor imparts rotational energy to the impeller,\n an inlet provided in the housing adapted for attachment to a gas inlet conduit, and\n an outlet provided in the housing adapted for attachment to a gas outlet conduit.",
100
+ "In a further aspect the invention broadly consists in some odour removal apparatus for a toilet, the toilet having\n\n \n \n a bowl\n an outlet from the bowl\n a barrier between the bowl and the outlet which substantially prevents odours from the outlet passing to the bowl, and\n a gas extraction means in communication with an overflow conduit in a cistern of the toilet and the gases extraction means being in communication with the outlet, whereby operation of the gases extraction means substantially removes odours from the bowl through the overflow conduit and transfers the gases to the outlet.",
101
+ "Preferably the gases extraction means comprises a fan means operable to induce a flow of gases and entrained odours for removal of the odours from the vicinity of a toilet.",
102
+ "Preferably a flow control means is provided to substantially prevent odours flowing from the outlet to the bowl through the gases extraction means.",
103
+ "Preferably the flow control means is a one way valve.",
104
+ "In yet a further aspect the invention consists in a toilet or lavatory having\n\n \n \n a bowl\n an outlet from the bowl\n the bowl and outlet configured in use to provide a substantially odour impermeable barrier\n a gases passageway being provided between the bowl and a cistern of the toilet,\n a gases extraction means in communication with the cistern and the outlet and a gases transfer region being provided within the cistern so as to provide communication between the passageway and the gases extraction means, and\n operation of the gases extraction means substantially removing odours from the vicinity of the bowl and transferring them to the outlet.",
105
+ "Preferably the gases extraction means comprises a fan means operable to induce a flow of gases and entrained odours for removal of the odours from the vicinity of a toilet.",
106
+ "Preferably a flow control means is provided to substantially prevent odours flowing from the outlet to the bowl through the gases extraction means.",
107
+ "Preferably the flow control means is a one way valve.",
108
+ "Preferably the gases transfer region comprises a compartment within the cistern which compartment creates a seal between the passageway and the gases extraction means using the presence of water within the cistern.",
109
+ "Alternatively the gases transfer region comprises the air space above the water level in the cistern.",
110
+ "In a further aspect the invention consists in a toilet or lavatory having\n\n \n \n a bowl\n an outlet from the bowl\n a bowl and outlet configured in use to be adapted to provide a substantially odour impermeable barrier\n a flushing inlet to in use receive water from a cistern, and\n a gases delivery passageway provided in or adjacent to the bowl and located in a region or the bowl remote from the flushing inlet.",
111
+ "Preferably a gases extraction means is in communication with the cistern and the outlet and a gases transfer region being provided within the cistern so as to provide communication between the passageway and the gases extraction means, and operation of the gases extraction means substantially removing odours from the vicinity of the bowl and transferring them to the outlet.",
112
+ "Preferably the gases extraction means comprises a fan means operable to induce a flow of gases and entrained odours for removal of the odours from the vicinity of a toilet.",
113
+ "Preferably a flow control means is provided to substantially prevent odours flowing from the outlet to the bowl through the gases extraction means.",
114
+ "Preferably the flow control means is a one way valve.",
115
+ "Preferably the passageway includes a region of sufficient dimension to include a gases extraction means therein.",
116
+ "In yet a further aspect the invention consists in a toilet or lavatory having walls adapted to conceal a gases extraction fan means.",
117
+ "To those skilled in the art to which the invention relates, many changes in construction and widely differing embodiments and applications of the invention will suggest themselves without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The disclosures and the descriptions herein purely illustrative and are not intended to be in any sense limiting.",
118
+ "The invention consists of the forgoing and also envisages constructions of which the following gives examples.",
119
+ "One preferred form of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:",
120
+ "One preferred form of the invention and modifications thereof will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:",
121
+ "FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation in partial cross section of a toilet system including odour removal apparatus in accordance with the present invention;",
122
+ "FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic side elevation in partial cross section of a practical implementation of a toilet system in accordance with FIG. 1;",
123
+ "FIG. 3 is an end elevation in cross section of the cistern of FIG. 2;",
124
+ "FIG. 4 is an end elevation in cross section of an alternative cistern arrangement for the cistern of FIG. 2;",
125
+ "FIG. 5 is an end elevation in cross section of a further alternative sister arrangement according to the invention;",
126
+ "FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a pan and cistern installation wherein the pan is designed to conceal a gases flow connection;",
127
+ "FIG. 7 is a plan view of a pan having an air inlet adjacent to the rim of the pan but at the front of the pan;",
128
+ "FIG. 8 is a plan view of a further arrangement of pan having an air inlet at the front of the pan;",
129
+ "FIG. 9 is a side elevation in cross section of the pan substantially as shown in FIGS. 7 or 8 and including the gases extraction unit;",
130
+ "FIG. 10 is a further side elevation in cross section of the toilet pan showing another gases extraction arrangement according to the invention;",
131
+ "FIG. 11 is an end elevation (from the rear) of a toilet pan of FIG. 10, and",
132
+ "FIG. 12 shows an end elevation of toilet pan with another gas extraction arrangement and also including side walls on the pan as also diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 6.",
133
+ "Referring to FIG. 1, a toilet or lavatory is shown generally referenced 1 having a bowl or pan construction 2 about the rim 3 of which a seat will usually be provided (not shown for clarity). The pan 2 is designed to have a water trap generally referenced 5 which provides a barrier between the central part 6 of the pan and an outlet 7 from the pan. In use, outlet 7 ends in a pan outlet 8 which will usually pass through the floor (S trap type toilet) or wall (as with P trap type toilet) of the building in which the installation is provided so as to interconnect with a sewerage system, or waste-water or septic tank for example.",
134
+ "As shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2, the present invention involves removal of undesirable odours in the vicinity of the bowl 6 by use of an extraction device 15 such as a fan, and delivery of the odours to the outlet 7. Since outlet 7 is on the other side of the water trap (which acts as a gas transfer barrier), the odours are effectively removed from the environment surrounding the bowl 6. To ensure that odours cannot escape from the outlet 7 through the extraction path, some form of non-return device 21 is provided in that path, for example being provided before or after the extractor 15.",
135
+ "Although vents are often provided in gaseous communication with toilet outlets, such vents have the purpose of preventing the water in the water trap from siphoning away through the outlet. The vents are not used for odour extraction purposes.",
136
+ "Turning now to FIG. 2, a diagram of a possible practical implementation of the system is shown. The pan 2 is usually moulded from an appropriate material and the mould includes appropriate apertures 10, which are in fluid communication with a cistern 4. In this way liquid such as water which is in use provided in the cistern may be distributed through the apertures in order to flush the bowl 6 and ensure that water trap 5 maintains an appropriate level of liquid.",
137
+ "In the example illustrated in FIG. 2, the particular toilet installation has an internal overflow conduit 11 which is in fluid communication with the flushing apertures 10 of the bowl. The overflow conduit 11 has an inlet 12 which is usually above the high water level 13 of the liquid 14 in the cistern. However, should the liquid level 13 rise to an unexpectedly high level, the liquid will enter inlet 12 and drain into the pan 6 and therefore prevent a cistern overflow situation from occurring. The provision of the inlet 12 above the usual high water level 13 of the cistern means that inlet 12 is in gaseous communication with the bowl 6.",
138
+ "In FIG. 2, the existing toilet installation as described above has been modified by the inclusion of extractor fan unit 15 which has an inlet 16 that is provided above the level of inlet 12. The fan unit at 15 has an outlet 16a which passes through the base of the cistern at an aperture 17 and is connected by an appropriate tube or conduit for example 18 to the outlet 7 through an appropriate aperture or connection 19.",
139
+ "Operation of the system as illustrated in FIG. 2 is as follows.",
140
+ "Fan unit 15 includes any device which is capable of moving gases at an acceptable rate or vacuum. Usually, the device will include a motor such as a direct current electric motor which is capable of rotating at relatively high speeds and therefore moving a fan or other propelling device connected to the motor to create the needed vacuum at the inlet of the fan unit. This creates a negative air pressure in the vicinity of inlet 16 to the fan unit. Inlet 16 is provided within an optional housing 20 the lower edge of which is provided beneath the usual high water level 13 in the cistern. This creates a closed environment between inlet 16 to the fan and outlet 12 of the internal overflow conduit so that gases may be transferred between them. Accordingly, the vacuum created by the fan creates a negative air pressure in bowl 6 relative to the surrounding environment in the room in which the toilet is located. Therefore, a gases flow occurs from the bowl 6 through the housing 20 and into the fan unit 15. From here, the gases flow continues through outlet 16a and through the gases flow tube 18 and into the outlet 7. Since outlet 7 is provided on the side of the water trap which is opposite the bowl 6, odours are effectively transferred from the bowl to the sewerage/septic tank side of the toilet installation. In order to ensure that gases from the outlet 7 do not return to the toilet bowl 6, a non-return valve 21 is provided anywhere in the extraction flow path. In FIG. 2, a non-return device is shown provided after the outlet 16a of the fan unit, and as another alternative, before the inlet to the fan. Such a non-return device may be a known valve which is purchased from a plumbing outlet for example, or may be one which is especially designed for this installation. For example, the valve may include a diaphragm or valve member which is biased to a normally closed position by a spring or by gravity for example, but which may be opened by negative air pressure at the outlet of the fan unit 15 being created in the air pressure in the pan outlet 7. The valve is lifted off the valve seal by the negative air pressure created by the fan. Therefore, when the fan 15 is not in use, the valve will return to its normally closed position to prevent any odours travelling from the outlet 7 to the pan 6.",
141
+ "Referring now to FIG. 4, the cistern is shown in end elevation. Therefore, the fan 15 may be provided at one side of the cistern (being appropriately waterproofed or otherwise provided so that the liquid in the cistern does not interfere with the motor operation) and the outlet 16 of the fan may be directed to aperture 17 which is provided in alignment with the internal overflow pipe as a convenient location for the outlet 16a to exit the cistern. Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the fan inlet 16 and overflow conduit 12 do not necessarily require housing 20 to be provided over the entrance. It will be sufficient for the cistern itself to provide an appropriate housing for transfer of gases between the overflow conduit and the fan provided the cistern is sufficiently air tight.",
142
+ "Also, it will be appreciated that an internal overflow pipe does not need to be used to implement the present invention. Therefore, the invention may make provision for the pan 2 to include in the moulding an appropriate cavity or cavities to include the fan and the appropriate apertures for connecting the fan between the bowl 6 and the bowl outlet 7. Therefore a wide variety of arrangements is possible. For example, a specially formed aperture in the flushing assembly, or a separate new aperture provided adjacent to the bowl may be provided and the fan could be directly connected to this aperture and the fan outlet could be connected to an appropriate connector at inlet 19 provided in outlet 7 or at a point of entry to the sewerage or septic tank system which is external of the toilet assembly, if desired.",
143
+ "As another example, the end view of FIG. 4 clearly shows the inlet 19 to bowl outlet 7 as being provided in the form of a spigot or the like and a hose or other conduit providing the connection 18 between the fan outlet and the pan outlet 7. However, the connection at inlet 19 may be provided as a part of the pan moulding for example i.e. simply being a cavity provided in the appropriate place within the pan unit. Of course, a separate opening to the flushing apertures may be provided so that a conduit other than the internal overflow conduit may be provided within the cistern to connect directly to the fan inlet for example. However, the construction as described with reference to the figures in this example does provide an effective retro-fittable installation.",
144
+ "The fan unit which is used to create the air flow by making an area of relatively low pressure i.e. negative pressure with respect to ambient room pressure in the vicinity of the toilet bowl is preferably an axial flow fan which uses a DC electric motor, for example a 15 volt motor. Use of a DC motor and appropriate control mechanism such as pulse width with modulation for the power supply ensures that the motor can be speed controlled to reduce unwanted noise etc if required. Also, the motor can operate at very high rotational speeds (and thus provide an enhanced airflow) since it is not limited by supply frequency as is the case with most AC motors. Of course, since an area of relatively low pressure is provided between the fan unit and the inlet (which will usually be adjacent to the room of the toilet pan or bowl), an area of relatively high pressure i.e. pressure which is greater than or positive relevant to ambient room pressure will be created between the fan and the outlet (which in the present invention comprises the waste or sewerage outlet behind the toilet water trap).",
145
+ "Turning now to FIG. 5, a further arrangement in the cistern is shown which is similar to the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 2. Like reference numerals indicate like features between the different drawings. Therefore, the outlet valve 11 is shown in greater detail, and in the preferred embodiment comprises a \u201cgeberit\u201d outlet valve which has the internal overflow 12 as described in previous embodiments. The fan unit 15 is also shown and the non-return valve 21 is shown in greater detail adjacent to the inlet to the fan unit. Again, the vacuum lid 20 is illustrated. Additional features to those shown in FIG. 2 include the inlet 30 which allows liquid to enter the cistern i.e. to refill the cistern and a flexible hose 32 from the inlet 30 which is directed to the base of the cistern in order to prevent liquid entering the cistern from flowing anywhere near the inlet to the fan unit 15.",
146
+ "Turning now to FIG. 6, the cistern of FIG. 5 for example may be located on a toilet bowl or pan that has extended rear side walls 34 which substantially conceal (at least from the side) a connector which may be used to provide a connection between the outlet of the fan 15 in the cistern and a waste outlet of the toilet bowl behind the water trap. Therefore, if the installation shown in FIG. 6 is mounted in a room such that the rear wall of the cistern is adjacent to a wall, the wings 34 conceal the outlet conduit.",
147
+ "Turning now to FIG. 7, a plan view of a toilet bowl or pan is shown with the cistern removed. As described previously with reference to FIG. 2, the toilet bowl or pan typically has flushing apertures about the periphery of the bowl rim. The apertures 10 are generally illustrated in FIG. 7, but it will be seen that the bowl or pan has been moulded to provide an air inlet aperture 60 which is quite separate from flushing apertures 10. Therefore, in use water in flushing apertures 10 is diverted away from the air inlet aperture 60. Also, although air inlet aperture 60 is not specifically shown as having an inlet to the body or the pan, the inlet can be more clearly shown in the side elevation in cross section of FIG. 9. The design is such that water being flushed through apertures 10 does not enter the air inlet aperture 60, but that the air inlet aperture 60 is open to the pan so as to extract odours therefrom.",
148
+ "Turning now to FIG. 8, a plan view of a pan or system is again shown having an arrangement very similar to that of FIG. 7, but there is a slightly different design of air inlet in that the pan is contoured so that the air inlet aperture 60 is again separated from the flushing apertures 10, but the air inlet has extended opening regions 62 to provide a greater area of the pan periphery through which air from the bowl can enter. Therefore, improved gases extraction is anticipated using this design.",
149
+ "Turning now to FIG. 9, an illustration of a pan in cross section which may be used in accordance with the air inlet illustrated in the plan views of FIGS. 7 and 8 is shown. The air inlet aperture 60 includes a cavity 66 in the front wall or the pan which leads to a further enlarged concealed cavity 68 in the front of the pan unit. The fan unit 15 has an inlet which engages with cavity 66 and the fan unit itself is provided within cavity 68. The outlet from the fan has a one way air valve 70 to prevent odours escaping from behind the water trap. Further conduit 72 is provided within the pan moulding to allow gases flow between the one way valve 70 and the waste outlet of the pan behind the water trap.",
150
+ "Turning now to FIG. 10, another toilet bowl or pan construction is shown in cross section having a moulded extraction cavity 80 from the rear of the pan which provides an inlet to which fan unit 15 is connected and concealed, and the waste outlet of the pan has a moulded aperture 82 to which the outlet of the fan unit 15 is connected to delivery the waste gases to the area behind the water trap. A one way air valve 70 should be situated somewhere between cavity 80 and aperture 82.",
151
+ "Turning to FIG. 11 a rear elevation of the construction illustrated in FIG. 10 is shown. The one way air valve 70 is needed on either side of the fan to prevent reverse circulation.",
152
+ "In FIG. 12, a vertical orientation of the fan unit (as opposed to a horizontal orientation shown in FIG. 11) is shown. This is similar to the construction illustrated in FIG. 6 however rather than the fan unit 15 being provided within the cistern, the fan is provided axially within the air extraction conduit and is concealed between side walls 34.",
153
+ "Therefore, from the foregoing, it will be seen that a very effective odour removal installation is achievable with this invention. In particular, the use of the water trap in the toilet as a barrier to prevent odours is highly desirable. Usually, fan installations and the like simply remove odours from the room in which the toilet installation is located and expel them to another location, such as out of the building or into a wall or ceiling cavity. The present invention provides a significant advantage that the sewerage system behind the toilet water trap, which contains foul odours in any case, is used as a disposal point for the odours in or surrounding the toilet bowl. The advantages are that; firstly odours immediately adjacent the bowl are removed before they enter the room in which the toilet is located; and secondly the odours are easily disposed of without the necessity of making further holes in the room in which the installation is located in order to deliver the odours to a location remote from the room.",
154
+ "Therefore, the invention provides for drawing air or gas and entrained odours from the toilet bowl/pan and discharging them to the outlet side of the toilet bowl/or pan water trap. The conveyance of the odours may be through the cistern via air ways, for example the internal overflow pipe, or through other passages such as waterways, or airways or any appropriate spaces that will bypass the cistern and/or the flush pipe and be delivered to the side of the toilet bowl pan which is on the sewerage side of the water trap. The delivery mechanism includes some form of gas extraction means such as a fan and may be implemented using hosing, tube or pipe or through appropriate spaces in the overall pan/cistern assembly. It will be seen that the extraction means may be a fan, or pulsing cistern, or pump, being mechanically operated or otherwise. The effect of making a negative air pressure within or adjacent to a toilet bowl means that the odours do not escape the toilet bowl into the room. We have found that the outlet from the fan or extraction means does not need to be connected immediately to the outlet of the bowl on the other side of the water trap, but can be connected to quite a remote area from the water trap, for example anywhere in the septic waste. In the preferred embodiment of the invention a non return valve is provided, but will be seen that other means of preventing reverse gases flowing may be employed. For example, an anti-siphon valve or similar may be used, or the fan may be operated continuously.",
155
+ "Finally it will be appreciated that various other alterations may be made to the foregoing without departing from the scope of this invention as set forth in the appended claims.",
156
+ "Throughout the description and claims of this specification the word \u201ccomprise\u201d and variation of that word, such as \u201ccomprises\u201d and \u201ccomprising\u201d, are not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps."
157
+ ],
158
+ "citations": [
159
+ "2297935",
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+ "2985890",
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+ "3524415",
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+ "3649972",
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+ "3938201",
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+ "4133060",
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+ "4365361",
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+ "4800596",
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+ "4864664",
168
+ "5044018",
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+ "5257421",
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+ "6370703",
171
+ "2 096 662",
172
+ "2 184 140",
173
+ "2 347 691"
174
+ ],
175
+ "us_classification": "4216",
176
+ "international_classifications": [
177
+ {
178
+ "classification_level": "A",
179
+ "section": "E",
180
+ "classification_class": "03",
181
+ "subclass": "D",
182
+ "main_group": "9",
183
+ "subgroup": "04"
184
+ }
185
+ ]
186
+ }
json_patents/06983492.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Toilet seat repositioning handle",
3
+ "abstract": "A toilet seat repositioning device which is comprised of a handle flexibly attached to the toilet seat by various means and which extends beyond the periphery of said seat to provide relief from contact with the underside of said seat and/or bowl rim when repositioning of the toilet seat occurs. Restrictive features are utilized to constrain flexibility allowing handle to be load bearing.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Larson"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983492",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [],
10
+ "claims": [
11
+ {
12
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
13
+ "preamble": "1. A toilet seat and toilet seat repositioning device comprising:",
14
+ "components": [
15
+ {
16
+ "component": "a flexible shaft extending from connection with a toilet seat, said shaft having an axis extending substantially parallel to a bottom surface of said toilet seat;",
17
+ "subcomponents": []
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "a handle extending from an end of said flexible shaft, wherein the flexibility of said flexible shaft is such that manipulation of said handle causes said flexible shaft to flex relative to said axis; and",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "component": "shaft limiting means for limiting the flexing of said flexible shaft in an intended direction off of said axis so that force applied to said flexible shaft to flex said flexible shaft in said intended direction is transferred to lift said toilet seat, and force applied to said flexible shaft in non-intended directions causes the deflection of said flexible shaft off said axis.",
25
+ "subcomponents": []
26
+ }
27
+ ]
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
31
+ "preamble": "2. The toilet seat and toilet seat repositioning device of claim 1 , wherein said shaft limiting means comprises:",
32
+ "components": [
33
+ {
34
+ "component": "a flange extending upwardly from an end of said flexible shaft opposite said handle, said flange extending in close proximity to a side wall of said toilet seat; and",
35
+ "subcomponents": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "component": "a buttress extending from said flange in a direction away from said side wall, said handle having a contact end in close proximity to said butress, wherein force applied upwardly on said handle flexes said flexible shaft upwardly and said contact end of said handle contacts said buttress and said flange contacts said side wall of said toilet seat thereby limiting the flexing of said flexible shaft and transferring the upward force to said toilet seat to lift the same.",
39
+ "subcomponents": []
40
+ }
41
+ ]
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
45
+ "preamble": "3. The toilet seat and toilet seat repositioning device of claim 2 , wherein said flange includes a protuberance extending toward said side wall, said protuberance contacting said side wall during the application of upward force on said handle.",
46
+ "components": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
50
+ "preamble": "4. The toilet seat and toilet seat repositioning device of claim 1 , wherein said shaft limiting means comprises:",
51
+ "components": [
52
+ {
53
+ "component": "a flange extending upwardly from an end of said flexible shaft opposite said handle, said flange extending in close proximity to a side wall of said toilet seat; and",
54
+ "subcomponents": []
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "component": "an extension of said handle extending over said flexible shaft and ending at a contact end in close proximity to said flange, wherein force applied upwardly on said handle flexes said flexible shaft upwardly and said contact end of said handle contacts said flange, forcing said flange into said side wall of said toilet seat, thereby limiting the flexing of said flexible shaft and transferring the upward force to said toilet seat to lift the same.",
58
+ "subcomponents": []
59
+ }
60
+ ]
61
+ },
62
+ {
63
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
64
+ "preamble": "5. The toilet seat and toilet seat repositioning device of claim 4 , wherein said flange includes a protuberance extending toward said side wall, said protuberance contacting said side wall during the application of upward force on said handle.",
65
+ "components": []
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
69
+ "preamble": "6. The toilet seat and toilet seat repositioning device of claim 1 , wherein said flexible shaft is secured underneath said toilet seat at an end of said flexible shaft opposite said handle, and said flexible shaft extends out from underneath said toilet to connection with said handle at a contact end of said handle, said contact end extending upwardly in close proximity to a side wall of said toilet, wherein force applied upwardly on said handle flexes said flexible shaft upwardly and said contact end of said handle contacts said side wall of said toilet seat, thereby limiting the flexing of said flexible shaft and transferring the upward force to said toilet seat to lift the same.",
70
+ "components": []
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
74
+ "preamble": "7. The toilet seat and toilet seat repositioning device of claim 6 , wherein said flange includes a protuberance extending toward said side wall, said protuberance contacting said side wall during the application of upward force on said handle.",
75
+ "components": []
76
+ },
77
+ {
78
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
79
+ "preamble": "8. The toilet seat and toilet seat repositioning device of claim 1 , further comprising:",
80
+ "components": [
81
+ {
82
+ "component": "a mounting surface secured to said bottom surface of said toilet seat;",
83
+ "subcomponents": []
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "component": "a flange extending upwardly from said mounting surface in close proximity to said side wall of said toilet, wherein said flexible shaft extends between said flange and said handle;",
87
+ "subcomponents": []
88
+ },
89
+ {
90
+ "component": "a lip extending downwardly from said mounting surface;",
91
+ "subcomponents": []
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "component": "a catch shaft extending from said handle beneath said flexible shaft, said catch shaft ending in a catch extending upwardly in registration with said lip such that force applied upwardly on said handle flexes said flexible shaft upwardly and brings said catch into contact with said lip, thereby limiting the upward flexing of said flexible shaft and transferring the upward force to said toilet seat to lift the same.",
95
+ "subcomponents": []
96
+ }
97
+ ]
98
+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
101
+ "preamble": "9. The toilet seat and toilet seat repositioning device of claim 1 , wherein said handle extends from said flexible shaft along an axis substantially parallel to said axis of said flexible shaft and provides a contact surface that tapers from a wider diameter at the ends of said handle to a smaller diameter at the middle of said handle, such that, as said handle is manipulated and said flexible shaft flexes in said intended direction the taper of said handle maintains the contact surface of the handle in an orientation that accommodates continued manipulation in said intended direction.",
102
+ "components": []
103
+ },
104
+ {
105
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
106
+ "preamble": "10. A toilet seat and toilet seat repositioning device comprising:",
107
+ "components": [
108
+ {
109
+ "component": "a flexible shaft extending from connection with a toilet seat, said shaft having an axis extending substantially parallel to a bottom surface of said toilet seat;",
110
+ "subcomponents": []
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "component": "a handle extending from said flexible shaft along an axis substantially parallel to said axis of said flexible shaft and providing a contact surface that tapers from a wider diameter at the ends of said handle to a smaller diameter at the middle of said handle, wherein the flexibility of said flexible shaft is such that manipulation of said handle in a direction off of its axis causes said flexible shaft to flex relative to its axis, and the taper of said handle maintains the contact surface of the handle in an orientation that accommodates continued manipulation in said direction; and",
114
+ "subcomponents": []
115
+ },
116
+ {
117
+ "component": "shaft limiting means for limiting the flexing of said flexible shaft in an intended direction off of said axis so that force applied to said flexible shaft to flex said flexible shaft in said intended direction is transferred to said toilet seat to lift the same, and force applied to said flexible shaft in non-intended directions is transferred to flex said flexible shaft off said axis.",
118
+ "subcomponents": []
119
+ }
120
+ ]
121
+ }
122
+ ],
123
+ "description": [
124
+ "This application claims the benefit of Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/496,823 filed Aug. 21, 2003.",
125
+ "Not Applicable",
126
+ "Not Applicable",
127
+ "1. Field of Invention",
128
+ "This invention relates to devices designed to assist in repositioning toilet seats.",
129
+ "2. Background of the Invention",
130
+ "This invention category deals with the historically repugnant action of having to reposition the seat of a toilet from down to up or vice versa. Over many decades patents have been sought for a wide variety of devices seeking to create relief from the distressing manual contact with the surface of the seat and/or bowl that occurs when repositioning takes place. We will herein exclude discussion of the preposterously complex apparatuses of levers and pedals and pulleys and cables and cams and gears and explore, instead, some attempts at simple solutions that, in a thorough examination, have inherent, glaring shortcomings.",
131
+ "Way back in 1935 G. F. Adams envisioned and designed an esthetically pleasing \u2018metal stamping\u2019. Today, with the proliferation of both vandalism and injury lawsuits, use of such a device would be disasterous. (U.S. Pat. No. 1,999,555).",
132
+ "Charles C. Sims (1991, U.S. Pat. No. 5,058,215) patented a \u2018rigid planar Y-shaped member\u2019 that would adhesively attach to the underside of the seat with the upper part of the \u2018Y\u2019 straddling one of the bumpers and the lower part of the \u2018Y\u2019 extending beyond the peripheral edge of the seat. It would seem that this design, too, would invite lawsuits and vandalous destruction.",
133
+ "There is a variety of concepts of what could be called plate-like protuberances that attach to the bottom of the seat and extend beyond the outer edge.",
134
+ "The Mantooth (U.S. Pat. No. 3,717,884) idea is an oval plate with an outer ridge to aid in gripping; flexibility is not addressed. The Giallourakis disk (U.S. Pat. No. 4,742,582) and the later Giallourakis loop (U.S. Pat. No. 4,920,586) are both \u2018thin, rigid member's. Gibson and McNutt (U.S. Pat. No. 4,850,062) foresaw the need to \u2018substantially reduce the likelihood of abrasive contact with the skin\u2019 by designing a rotating wheel to attach to the bottom of the seat. Herein we have, seemingly, some relief from possible injury, a modicum of prevention of damage from vandalism, but virtually no relief from contact with the vile soiling of the underside of the seat as the majority of the disc is under the seat and subject to contamination from the aerosol action of flushing. Its rotation merely allows for the delivery of foulness to the hand of the user. A Hazard patent (U.S. Pat. No. 5,553,332) was for a round disk projection that \u2018is flexible so that upon coming into contact with the leg of a person when using the seat, the handle portion yields to the contact.\u2019 Introspection of this embodiment yields at least 3 shortcomings: First, due to the large horizontal cross-section, this device will need to twist to flex when lateral force is applied thereby abrading the \u2018leg of a person\u2019. Secondly, due to its thin \u2018planar surface\u2019 it would require a firm grip to lift a heavy seat; especially since the handle is designed to flex in the direction of lift. This would probably exclude use by women or children. Compound this difficulty with the accumulation of oils on the surface of the handle from the hands of users and loss of grasp of even the strongest grip would seem likely and, potentially, very dangerous. Thirdly, when the toilet seat is in the vertical position and needs to be lowered it would seem to be immensely difficult for a person of short stature to reach and grasp the handle using either the thumb on top method or a thumb on bottom method.",
135
+ "Hazard had previously prescribe a solution to our dilemma under U.S. Pat. No. 4,875,251 wherein a simple cylindrical handle provided adequate relief from contact with the seat. The Preferred Embodiment is characterized as having \u2018some degree of resilience\u2019 but yet \u2018rigid\u2019. If mounted with the suggested screw fastener the design would appear to have the inherent ability to swing away horizontally (in the seat down position) from contact. However, this is neither mentioned as a feature nor, apparently, envisioned as it is stated that the means of attachment should be an adhesive \u2018preferrably\u2019.",
136
+ "Vincent P. Cusenza (U.S. Pat. No. 5,341,519) aptly described the solution as a \u2018flexible handle which is connected to the toilet seat in such a way that the toilet seat may be lifted without requiring a person to come in contact with the toilet seat itself and is also constructed in such a way as to provide a more durable lift handle which even if subjected to abuse will not break off and therefore provide long term life.\u2019 This successful synopsis of a solution did not seemingly assist in a successful solution. This patent is for a spring loaded flexible tube that requires boring a hole through the toilet seat from its outer circumference to its inner circumference and inserting the tube. This would seem to be a very difficult and very impractical endeavor.",
137
+ "It was my objective in creating my device that numerous criteria be met:\n\n \n \n 1) It must provide total relief from contact with the toilet seat and/or bowl rim.\n 2) It must function well and with ease in the repositioning of the toilet seat.\n 3) It must have enough flexibility to reduce or eliminate injury from accidental contact by a person.\n 4) It must have enough resiliency to nullify damage to itself and/or the toilet seat from intentional contact by a person (vandalism, etc.).\n 5) It must be easilly afixed to the seat.\n 6) It must be attachable and functional on virtually any toilet seat.",
138
+ "Accordingly, the handle of my invention extends well beyond the periphery of the seat and is of an hourglass configuration; greater circumferences at either end than in the middle. This allows the user to merely hook a finger or two around the handle to conduct the repositioning instead of having to effect a strong grasp. The shape offsets forces that would cause the manual contact from slipping off one end of the handle or the other. Preferably constructed of a semi-flexible plastic in one piece (although it could be constructed from individual components), and attached to the toilet seat using a double-sided foam adhesive tape this invention would be very easily fitted to the seat by virtually anyone. The thin flexible mounting surface could conform to contours present on the underside of some toilet seats. Extending from the planar mounting surface is a flange or wall to which the handle shaft is attached. On the opposite side of this wall is a snubbing protuberance. This assures contact of this wall to virtually any type of toilet seat whether it be very thin, thick with a vertical outer radius wall or thick with an outer seat wall that is slanted. Contact between the flange and the seat stiffens the flange and supports it while under load. Although contact is not necessary, it is preferred to assure optimal functioning. This feature makes this device adaptable to virtually any seat.",
139
+ "However the salient feature of my invention is its ability to exhibit stiffness in an aspect necessary to engage a loading and to exhibit flex in other aspects to thwart injury or vandalism to the device and/or seat of the toilet. This was accomplished by creating restrictive features in the device that impede the motion of flexing in desired directions while allowing freedom of motion in others. Specifically, when the seat is in the horizontal or down position the handle and shaft are allowed to flex or move in either horizontal direction or any downward direction.",
140
+ "This device not only meets the need for relief from the distressing contact with a toilet bowl or seat when repositioning but does so via a simple retrofitting on virtually any seat and with an inherent measure of safety and resistence to intentional damage never before envisioned or accomplished. This provides the potential for use in situations never before possible (public buildings, restaurants, hospitals, schools, et al.) where the presence of such a device would be most welcome. Of course, this makes it ideal for domestic use, as well.",
141
+ "Further objects and advantages of my invention will become apparent from an examination of the drawings and ensuing descriptions.",
142
+ "I am requesting a utility patent for a toilet seat repositioning handle of my unique design which allows movement of the handle portion in a direction(s) while restricting movement in another specified direction(s) via contact with a detent(s) whether intrinsic or external. The unique handle configuration (narrower in the middle circumference than at one or both ends) allows for secure manipulation.",
143
+ "FIG. 1A shows a perspective view, detached",
144
+ "FIG. 1B shows a side view as attached to a toilet seat",
145
+ "FIG. 2 shows a side view of a different embodiment",
146
+ "FIG. 3 shows a side view of a different embodiment",
147
+ "FIG. 4 shows a side view of a different embodiment",
148
+ "FIG. 5 shows a side view of a different embodiment",
149
+ "REFERENCE NUMERALS\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n10 - mounting surface\n\u200270 - adhesive\n\n\n\n20 - flange\n100 - toilet seat (cross section)\n\n\n\n30 - shaft\n110 - seat bumper pad\n\n\n\n40 - handle\n\n\n\n50 - buttress\n\n\n\n60 - detent",
150
+ "To assist your comprehension of this description it should be pointed out that FIG. 1A is only minorly different than Embodiment 1B (note the presence of a reinforcing shoulder at the outside angle of the conjunction of the mounting surface 10 and the flange 20) on FIG. 1A).",
151
+ "In its Preferred Embodiment, my device has a planar mounting surface 10 for securing it to the bottom surface of a toilet seat via adhesive or mechanical fastener. Conjoined to said mounting surface 10 at or near an edge is a flange 20 which extends at an angle approximately perpendicular. From said flange 20 extends a shaft 30 at an approximately perpendicular angle. At the end of the shaft 30 is a handle 40. The handle 40 configuration can best be described as hourglass shaped; cylindrical with a taper from each end toward the middle so that the circumference at the midpoint is smaller than at either end. From above said shaft 30 location on the flange 20 is a buttress 50 which extends from the flange 20 to a juxtaposed position to the contact end 42 of the handle 40 that is closest to the flange 20. The aspect of the flange 20 facing the toilet seat 100 has a detent 60 protuberance of a hemispherical shape.",
152
+ "In its Preferred Embodiment this device is to be molded of a mildly flexible plastic material. It is important to understand that plastics of a specific flexibility coefficient will exhibit more flexibility in a thin dimension than in a thick dimension; and conversely. This invention utilizes this characteristic of plastics to enhance flexibility in certain areas by using small dimensions and diminishing flexibility in other areas by using thicker dimensions and further diminishing flexibility and movement by borrowing rigidity from adjacent surfaces.",
153
+ "A relatively thin mounting surface 10 is utilized so that it may conform with non-planar surfaces on the underside of some toilet seats when adhesively attached using a foam double-stick tape. Said mounting surface 10 will gain rigidity from the surface to which it is attached thereby providing a secure mount. The flange 20 is designed to connect the handle shaft 30 and buttress 50 to the mounting surface 10 in secure manner. It is therefore molded more thickly and the area of contiguity is reinforced via a thickening radius or shoulder on the outside angle to provide strength. The aspect of the flange 20 facing away from the shaft 30 and buttress 50 and toward the toilet seat 100 has a protruding detent 60 of a hemispherical shape or elongated to a hemiprolate shape. It is the purpose of this detent 60 to contact the peripheral edge of the toilet seat 100 and annul any reactive motion of the flange 20 due to an upward loading of the handle 40 and shaft 30 that would be transferred to the buttress 50. If, due to a peculiar shape of the toilet seat, the detent 60 does not contact the toilet seat 100 support from the seat may still transfer to the flange 20. If not this device is still designed to function but with a slight deflection due to loading of the flange 20 and therefore also the shaft 30 and handle 40.",
154
+ "The handle 40 has been specifically designed to provide a secure connection between the user and the device even during deflection. This was accomplished by creating larger diameter plate-like flanges on the ends of the smaller diameter cylindrical central portion of the handle 40 and adding a generous chamfer at their conjoining.",
155
+ "With this device secured to the bottom of the toilet seat on a side and toward the front (approximately 4 o'clock or 8 o'clock positions when facing the toilet seat) and with the seat in the horizontal position the user would merely loop a finger or fingers around the handle 40 and apply a lifting force. The handle 40 of this device FIG. 1A is designed to flex approximately 30 degrees to reduce/eliminate injury from accidental contact and thwart damage to itself or the toilet seat from intentional contact. Therefore, under lifting load the shaft 30 and handle 40 will begin to deflect until the contact end 42 contacts the buttress 50. This contact both prevents the handle 40 from moving any further upwardly and nullifies any further shaft 30 flex. As the seat 100 moves upward and radially on its hinge the loading from the weight of the seat will begin to transfer from the device FIG. 1B to the seat hinge thereby reducing the amount of deflection in the shaft 30 and lessening to the eventual point of elimination the contact force between the buttress 50 and the shaft 30 and handle 40. The shaft 30 will be able to flex in other directions; the handle 40 design prevents user contact diminishment. When repositioning seat to horizontal or down position all actions work in reverse.",
156
+ "When the seat is in the vertical or up position the device FIG. 1B is up and out of the way. When the seat rests in the horizontal or down position vandals can kick the handle 40 and it will deflect unrestrained in either horizontal direction or in any downward direction. Persons who accidentally contact the handle 40 will be spared injury of any consequence due to the flexing action.",
157
+ "FIG. 2 shows an alteration of the buttress 50. This configuration will create no snubbing action to the shaft 30 but does annul movement from flexing of the handle 40.",
158
+ "FIG. 3 displays means of elongating shaft 30 (to create more flex motion or to be able to work with a material of lower flexibility coefficient) without expanding over all dimensions. Functions same as Preferred Embodiment in that it retards movement of both the handle 40 and the shaft 30 in an upward direction due to the interaction of flange 50 and the contact end 42 of the extension 44 of handle 40.",
159
+ "FIG. 4 depicts a variation wherein a shaft 30 and handle 40 and a seat bumper pad 110 are molded as one piece and fitted to the bottom of a toilet seat 100 at the point of manufacture. This eliminates the need for a mounting surface 10 or a flange 20. It produces the double buffering action of restricting both the handle 40 and the shaft 30. Shaft 30/handle 40 motion can occur in either direction horizontally or in any direction downwardly. Upward motion is limited by the contact end 42 engaging the side wall of the toilet seat. The shaft 30 as depicted could be either cylindrical as in other embodiments or hemi-cylindrical as depicted to fit flushly to underside of toilet seat 100.",
160
+ "FIG. 5 embodiment shows the buttress 50 as a catch shaft extending from the handle 40 to a position under the flange 20. From under the flange 20 extends a lip 46 configured to act as a cleat. At the end of the buttress 50 catch shaft is a catch 48 opposal to the lip 46. When an upward force is applied to the handle 40 the catch 48 will engage lip 46 which will annul any further upward movement of the handle 40. As in other designs lateral or downward motion is mechanically unimpeded. This embodiment produces restraint of movement via a pulling action rather than through compression.",
161
+ "In \u201cBackground of the Invention\u201d 6 criteria were declared as being requirements of an invention to perform adequately (and be marketable; if they can't be manufactured and marketed they can't be used!). No previous invention, in my estimation even remotely satisfied more than 4 criteria; many only 2 or 3. The conceptualization herein meets easily all 6 requirements.",
162
+ "The first criterion proposed total relief from the dreadful contact with the toilet seat or bowl rim. This was accomplished by designing a handle that both extends away from the repugnant surfaces and prevents the users grasp from slipping.",
163
+ "The second criterion insisted on ease of use. The unique design of the handle allows the user to merely hook one or two fingers around the handle to lift it. Gripping, grasping, lifting with your shoe are all unnecessary.",
164
+ "Criteria 3 and 4 proposed that the device thwart injury or damage to itself and/or the seat due to contact, accidental or intentional. As has been demonstrated in previous sections this invention allows handle deflection laterally and in any downward direction due to its ingenious design to assure that these criteria are met. Equally ingenious is the motion anullment feature which accepts force in the lifting/lowering directions.",
165
+ "Criteria 5 and 6 demanded that the lifting handle be easily afixed to virtually any toilet seat. With its thin mounting surface and using a double-sided foam adhesive tape this totally unique invention can easily and quickly be mounted to plastic seats, wooden seats, thick seats, thin seats, seats with bumper pads, or seats without. Even vinyl covered foam seats!",
166
+ "This device clearly exhibits manifest advantages over any previous invention of its kind. For once there is a complete product that can be offered to the public for use in their homes. And a product that can be used in commercial applications (schools, hospitals, public buildings of all kinds, restaurants, et al.) where the presence of such a device would be most welcome.",
167
+ "As this invention may be embodied in a wide range of forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, the depicted embodiments are therefore illustrative and not restrictive, and since the scope of the invention is defined by the claims, all alterations that fall within the metes and bounds of the claims or that form their functional as well as conjointly cooperative equivalents are therefore intended to be embraced by those claims."
168
+ ],
169
+ "citations": [
170
+ "5065460",
171
+ "5341519",
172
+ "5375267",
173
+ "5619758",
174
+ "5727258",
175
+ "5729839",
176
+ "6415454"
177
+ ],
178
+ "us_classification": "42461",
179
+ "international_classifications": [
180
+ {
181
+ "classification_level": "A",
182
+ "section": "A",
183
+ "classification_class": "47",
184
+ "subclass": "K",
185
+ "main_group": "13",
186
+ "subgroup": "10"
187
+ }
188
+ ]
189
+ }
json_patents/06983493.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Retractable table top for a toilet",
3
+ "abstract": "A device for providing a working surface is positionable adjacent a toilet and includes a table having substantially planar top and bottom surfaces and a plurality of elongated legs having opposed end portions attached thereto and engageable with a ground surface. Such a plurality legs are pivotally connected to the lower surface of the table and are movable between folded and extended positions. The device further includes a support member having a rear end portion that is securable to a wall adjacent a toilet and extends outwardly therefrom. The support member further has a front end portion spaced from the rear end portion and is pivotally connected to the table so that the table can be selectively moved between up and down positions about the front end portion.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Shaumyan"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983493",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [],
10
+ "claims": [
11
+ {
12
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
13
+ "preamble": "1. A device for providing a working surface while a user is seated on a toilet, said device comprising:",
14
+ "components": [
15
+ {
16
+ "component": "a table having substantially planar top and bottom surfaces and a centrally disposed longitudinal axis, said table including a plurality of opposed edge portions equally spaced from the axis and extending substantially parallel thereto, said table further including a plurality of opposed end portions integral with said plurality of edge portions, said table further including a plurality of elongated legs having opposed end portions attached thereto and engageable with a ground surface respectively, said table further having a plurality of elongated support rods secured to said bottom surface and adjacent said plurality of end portions respectively; and",
17
+ "subcomponents": []
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "a support member positionable on alternate sides of a toilet seat and comprising",
21
+ "subcomponents": [
22
+ "a rear end portion securable to a wall adjacent a toilet and extending outwardly and forwardly therefrom, and",
23
+ "a telescopic front end portion connected to said rear end portion and being extendable along a substantially horizontal plane, said front end portion being removably attachable to one said plurality of support rods so that said table can be selectively moved between up and down positions and pivoted thereabout."
24
+ ]
25
+ },
26
+ {
27
+ "component": "a rear end portion securable to a wall adjacent a toilet and extending outwardly and forwardly therefrom, and",
28
+ "subcomponents": [
29
+ "a telescopic front end portion connected to said rear end portion and being extendable along a substantially horizontal plane, said front end portion being removably attachable to one said plurality of support rods so that said table can be selectively moved between up and down positions and pivoted thereabout."
30
+ ]
31
+ },
32
+ {
33
+ "component": "a telescopic front end portion connected to said rear end portion and being extendable along a substantially horizontal plane, said front end portion being removably attachable to one said plurality of support rods so that said table can be selectively moved between up and down positions and pivoted thereabout.",
34
+ "subcomponents": []
35
+ }
36
+ ]
37
+ },
38
+ {
39
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
40
+ "preamble": "2. The device of claim 1 , wherein said plurality legs are pivotally connected to said lower surface of said table and movable between folded and extended positions.",
41
+ "components": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
45
+ "preamble": "3. The device of claim 1 , wherein said support member further comprises:",
46
+ "components": [
47
+ {
48
+ "component": "a bracket having front and rear surfaces connected to said rear end portion and a wall respectively.",
49
+ "subcomponents": []
50
+ }
51
+ ]
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
55
+ "preamble": "4. The device of claim 1 , wherein said front end portion of said support member further comprises:",
56
+ "components": [
57
+ {
58
+ "component": "a female portion and a male portion slidably engageable therein along a substantially parallel path so that said table can be telescopically extended between retracted and extended positions.",
59
+ "subcomponents": []
60
+ }
61
+ ]
62
+ },
63
+ {
64
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
65
+ "preamble": "5. The device of claim 1 , wherein said rear end portion of said support member comprises:",
66
+ "components": [
67
+ {
68
+ "component": "a pair of spaced arms extending outwardly therefrom and along a horizontal plane and for receiving said table therebetween during non-operating conditions.",
69
+ "subcomponents": []
70
+ }
71
+ ]
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
75
+ "preamble": "6. A device for providing a working surface while a user is seated on a toilet, said device comprising:",
76
+ "components": [
77
+ {
78
+ "component": "a table having substantially planar top and bottom surfaces and a centrally disposed longitudinal axis, said table including a plurality of opposed edge portions equally spaced from the axis and extending substantially parallel thereto, said table further including a plurality of opposed end portions integral with said plurality of edge portions, said table further including a plurality of elongated legs having opposed end portions attached thereto and engageable with a ground surface respectively, said plurality of legs being pivotally connected to said lower surface of said table and movable between folded and extended positions, said table further having a plurality of elongated support rods secured to said bottom surface and adjacent said plurality of end portions respectively; and",
79
+ "subcomponents": []
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "component": "a support member positionable on alternate sides of a toilet seat and comprising",
83
+ "subcomponents": [
84
+ "a rear end portion securable to a wall adjacent a toilet and extending outwardly and forwardly therefrom, and",
85
+ "a telescopic front end portion connected to said rear end portion and being extendable along a substantially horizontal plane, said front end portion being removably attachable to one said plurality of support rods so that said table can be selectively moved between up and down positions and pivoted thereabout."
86
+ ]
87
+ },
88
+ {
89
+ "component": "a rear end portion securable to a wall adjacent a toilet and extending outwardly and forwardly therefrom, and",
90
+ "subcomponents": []
91
+ },
92
+ {
93
+ "component": "a telescopic front end portion connected to said rear end portion and being extendable along a substantially horizontal plane, said front end portion being removably attachable to one said plurality of support rods so that said table can be selectively moved between up and down positions and pivoted thereabout.",
94
+ "subcomponents": []
95
+ }
96
+ ]
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
100
+ "preamble": "7. The device of claim 6 , wherein said support member further comprises:",
101
+ "components": [
102
+ {
103
+ "component": "a bracket having front and rear surfaces connected to said rear end portion and a wall respectively.",
104
+ "subcomponents": []
105
+ }
106
+ ]
107
+ },
108
+ {
109
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
110
+ "preamble": "8. The device of claim 6 , wherein said front end portion of said support member further comprises:",
111
+ "components": [
112
+ {
113
+ "component": "a female portion and a male portion slidably engageable therein along a substantially parallel path so that said table can be telescopically extended between retracted and extended positions.",
114
+ "subcomponents": []
115
+ }
116
+ ]
117
+ },
118
+ {
119
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
120
+ "preamble": "9. The device of claim 6 , wherein said rear end portion of said support member comprises:",
121
+ "components": [
122
+ {
123
+ "component": "a pair of spaced arms extending outwardly therefrom and along a horizontal plane and for receiving said table therebetween during non-operating conditions.",
124
+ "subcomponents": []
125
+ }
126
+ ]
127
+ },
128
+ {
129
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
130
+ "preamble": "10. A device for providing a working surface while a user is seated on a toilet, said device comprising:",
131
+ "components": [
132
+ {
133
+ "component": "a table having substantially planar top and bottom surfaces and a centrally disposed longitudinal axis, said table including a plurality of opposed edge portions equally spaced from the axis and extending substantially parallel thereto, said table further including a plurality of opposed end portions integral with said plurality of edge portions, said table further including a plurality of elongated legs having opposed end portions attached thereto and engageable with a ground surface respectively, said plurality of legs being pivotally connected to said lower surface of said table and movable between folded and extended positions, said table further having a plurality of elongated support rods secured to said bottom surface and adjacent said plurality of end portions respectively; and",
134
+ "subcomponents": []
135
+ },
136
+ {
137
+ "component": "a support member positionable on alternate sides of a toilet seat and comprising",
138
+ "subcomponents": [
139
+ "a rear end portion securable to a wall adjacent a toilet and extending outwardly and forwardly therefrom, said rear end portion including a bracket having front and rear surfaces connected to said rear end portion and a wall respectively, and",
140
+ "a telescopic front end portion connected to said rear end portion and being extendable along a substantially horizontal plane, said front end portion being removably attachable to one said plurality of support rods so that said table can be selectively moved between up and down positions and pivoted thereabout."
141
+ ]
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "component": "a rear end portion securable to a wall adjacent a toilet and extending outwardly and forwardly therefrom, said rear end portion including a bracket having front and rear surfaces connected to said rear end portion and a wall respectively, and",
145
+ "subcomponents": []
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "component": "a telescopic front end portion connected to said rear end portion and being extendable along a substantially horizontal plane, said front end portion being removably attachable to one said plurality of support rods so that said table can be selectively moved between up and down positions and pivoted thereabout.",
149
+ "subcomponents": []
150
+ }
151
+ ]
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
155
+ "preamble": "11. The device of claim 10 , wherein said front end portion of said support member further comprises:",
156
+ "components": [
157
+ {
158
+ "component": "a female portion and a male portion slidably engageable therein along a substantially parallel path so that said table can be telescopically extended between retracted and extended positions.",
159
+ "subcomponents": []
160
+ }
161
+ ]
162
+ },
163
+ {
164
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
165
+ "preamble": "12. The device of claim 10 , wherein said rear end portion of said support member comprises:",
166
+ "components": [
167
+ {
168
+ "component": "a pair of spaced arms extending outwardly therefrom and along a horizontal plane and for receiving said table therebetween during non-operating conditions.",
169
+ "subcomponents": []
170
+ }
171
+ ]
172
+ }
173
+ ],
174
+ "description": [
175
+ "Not Applicable.",
176
+ "Not Applicable.",
177
+ "Not Applicable.",
178
+ "1. Technical Field",
179
+ "This invention relates to a table top and, more particularly, to a retractable table top for a toilet seat.",
180
+ "2. Prior Art",
181
+ "The toilet seat can more rightly be called \u201cthe throne\u201d if certain conditions are met above and beyond the simple support and flush provisions. A supply of toilet paper needs to be furnished and at a convenient location or locations, not a marginally accessible location. A supply of reading material from which a selection can be made is usually welcome, and for some an ashtray, cigarettes and matches are needed. Some may prefer to prepare notes such as shopping lists, and these will need pencil and notepaper and backing for the note paper.",
182
+ "Accordingly, the use of toilet accessories is known in the prior art. More specifically, toilet accessories heretofore devised and utilized are known to consist basically of familiar, expected and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art, which have been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements.",
183
+ "For example, the toilet stalls in public rest rooms are conventionally cramped and offer little, if any, space for the storage of personal items such as reading material and the like. Bathrooms in many homes have a similar disadvantage.",
184
+ "Accordingly, a need remains for a toilet seat accessory that overcomes the above-noted shortcomings.",
185
+ "In view of the foregoing background, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a retractable table top for a toilet seat. These and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention are provided by a device for providing a working surface while a user is seated on a toilet. The device includes a table having substantially planar top and bottom surfaces and a centrally disposed longitudinal axis. The table includes a plurality of opposed edge portions equally spaced from the axis and extending substantially parallel thereto.",
186
+ "The table further includes a plurality of opposed end portions integral with the plurality of edge portions and a plurality of elongated legs with opposed end portions attached thereto and engageable with a ground surface. Such a plurality of legs are pivotally connected to the lower surface of the table and movable between folded and extended positions. The table further has a plurality of elongated support rods secured to the bottom surface and adjacent the plurality of end portions.",
187
+ "A support member positionable on alternate sides of a toilet seat includes a rear end portion securable to a wall adjacent a toilet and extending outwardly and forwardly therefrom. The support member further includes a telescopic front end portion that is connected to the rear end portion that is extendable along a substantially horizontal plane. Such a front end portion is removably attachable to one of the plurality of support rods so that the table can be selectively moved between up and down positions and pivoted thereabout. The rear end portion of the support member includes a pair of spaced arms extending outwardly therefrom and along a horizontal plane for receiving the table therebetween during non-operating conditions. A bracket with front and rear surfaces is connected to the rear end portion and a wall respectively.",
188
+ "Advantageously, the front end portion of the support member further includes a female portion and a male portion slidably engageable therein along a substantially parallel path so that the table can be telescopically extended between retracted and extended positions.",
189
+ "The novel features believed to be characteristic of this invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:",
190
+ "FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an apparatus for supporting reading and writing materials, in accordance with the present invention;",
191
+ "FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the apparatus of FIG. 1 at a folded position;",
192
+ "FIG. 3 is perspective view showing the apparatus of FIG. 2 at a retracted position;",
193
+ "FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the telescopic portion of the support member; and",
194
+ "FIG. 5 is an enlarged side-elevational view showing the male and female portions of the support member.",
195
+ "The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiment set forth herein. Rather, this embodiment is provided so that this application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the true scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout the figures.",
196
+ "The device of this invention is referred to generally in FIGS. 1\u20135 by the reference numeral 10 and is intended to provide a retractable table for a toilet seat. It should be understood that the device 10 may be used for various services and therefore should not be construed as limited to being used only for bathroom use.",
197
+ "Referring initially to FIG. 1, the device 10 includes a table 12 having substantially planar top and bottom surfaces and a centrally disposed longitudinal axis (not shown). The table 12 includes a plurality of opposed edge portions equally spaced from the axis and extending substantially parallel thereto.",
198
+ "The table 12 further includes a plurality of opposed end portions integral with the plurality of edge portions and a plurality of elongated legs 13 with opposed end portions attached thereto and engageable with a ground surface 14. Such a plurality of legs 13 are pivotally connected to the lower surface of the table 12 and movable between folded and extended positions. The table 12 further has a plurality of elongated support rods 19 secured to the bottom surface and adjacent the plurality of end portions, best shown in FIG. 2.",
199
+ "Referring to the combination of FIGS. 1 and 2, a support member 15 positionable on alternate sides of a toilet seat includes a rear end portion 16 securable to a wall 17 adjacent a toilet 11 and extending outwardly and forwardly therefrom. The support member 15 further includes a telescopic front end portion 18 that is connected to the rear end portion 16 that is extendable along a substantially horizontal plane. Such a front end portion 18 is removably attachable to one of the plurality of support rods 19 so that the table 12 can be selectively moved between up and down positions and pivoted thereabout.",
200
+ "The rear end portion 16 of the support member 15 includes a pair of spaced arms 23 extending outwardly therefrom and along a horizontal plane for receiving the table 12 therebetween during non-operating conditions, best shown in FIG. 3. A bracket 20 with front and rear surfaces is connected to the rear end portion 16 and a wall 17 respectively.",
201
+ "Now referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the front end portion 18 of the support member 15 further includes a female portion 21 and a male portion 22 slidably engageable therein and along a substantially parallel path so that the table 12 can be telescopically extended between retracted and extended positions.",
202
+ "While the invention has been described with respect to a certain specific embodiment, it will be appreciated that many modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is intended, therefore, by the appended claims to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.",
203
+ "In particular, with respect to the above description, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the present invention may include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation. The assembly and use of the present invention are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art."
204
+ ],
205
+ "citations": [
206
+ "2243264",
207
+ "3090051",
208
+ "3209375",
209
+ "4098486",
210
+ "4602759",
211
+ "4825779",
212
+ "5329645",
213
+ "D368819",
214
+ "5526943",
215
+ "5687431",
216
+ "5761753",
217
+ "6032586"
218
+ ],
219
+ "us_classification": "4254",
220
+ "international_classifications": [
221
+ {
222
+ "classification_level": "A",
223
+ "section": "E",
224
+ "classification_class": "03",
225
+ "subclass": "D",
226
+ "main_group": "11",
227
+ "subgroup": "00"
228
+ }
229
+ ]
230
+ }
json_patents/06983494.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Multiple bed unit and sub-assembly and method of assembly",
3
+ "abstract": "A sub-assembly for a multiple bed unit having an elongate bed rail and a bed end including a pair of spaced, substantially vertical posts affixed to a side of the bed rail. Each of the posts includes a rail connector for receiving a rail of another bed. A multiple bed unit includes a first bed having a pair of bed ends, a side rail and a sub-assembly connected between and supported by the bed ends, and a second bed having a bed end and at least one side rail connected between the bed end of the second bed and the bed end of the sub-assembly of the first bed.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Jannetides"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983494",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "J Squared, Inc."
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A bed rail and bed end assembly for a multiple bed unit, comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "an elongate bed rail; and",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "a bed end affixed to a side of said bed rail, said bed end including a pair of spaced, substantially vertical posts;",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "component": "each of said posts including a rail connector for receiving a rail of another bed at an elevation substantially the same as said elongate bed rail.",
27
+ "subcomponents": []
28
+ }
29
+ ]
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
33
+ "preamble": "2. The bed rail and bed end assembly of claim 1 , wherein said bed end includes at least one cross-piece extending between and connecting said pair of substantially vertical posts.",
34
+ "components": []
35
+ },
36
+ {
37
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
38
+ "preamble": "3. A bed rail and bed end assembly for a multiple bed unit, comprising:",
39
+ "components": [
40
+ {
41
+ "component": "an elongate bed rail with opposed first and second ends;",
42
+ "subcomponents": []
43
+ },
44
+ {
45
+ "component": "a hook plate affixed to said bed rail proximate said first end;",
46
+ "subcomponents": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "component": "a hook plate affixed to said bed rail proximate said second end; and",
50
+ "subcomponents": []
51
+ },
52
+ {
53
+ "component": "a bed end including a pair of spaced, substantially vertical posts affixed to a side of the bed rail and at least one cross-piece extending between and connecting said vertical posts;",
54
+ "subcomponents": []
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "component": "each of said posts including a rail connector for receiving a rail of another bed.",
58
+ "subcomponents": []
59
+ }
60
+ ]
61
+ },
62
+ {
63
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
64
+ "preamble": "4. The bed rail and bed end assembly of claim 3 , wherein said bed rail has opposed sides and said pair of vertical posts are affixed to one side and said hook plates are affixed to the other side.",
65
+ "components": []
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
69
+ "preamble": "5. The bed rail and bed end assembly of claim 4 , further comprising a deck support lip affixed to the other side of said bed rail.",
70
+ "components": []
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
74
+ "preamble": "6. The bed rail and bed end assembly of claim 5 , wherein said deck support lip overlies said hook plates of said bed rail.",
75
+ "components": []
76
+ },
77
+ {
78
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
79
+ "preamble": "7. The bed rail and bed end assembly of claim 4 , wherein at least one of said posts is affixed by a fastener to said bed rail proximate one of said first and second ends, and at least one of said hook plates of said bed rail overlies said fastener.",
80
+ "components": []
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
84
+ "preamble": "8. A method of assembling a bed rail and bed end assembly for use with a multiple bed unit, comprising:",
85
+ "components": [
86
+ {
87
+ "component": "providing an elongate bed rail;",
88
+ "subcomponents": []
89
+ },
90
+ {
91
+ "component": "providing a bed end having a pair of spaced, substantially vertical posts, each of said posts including a rail connector for receiving a rail of another bed at an elevation substantially the same as said elongate bed rail; and",
92
+ "subcomponents": []
93
+ },
94
+ {
95
+ "component": "affixing each of said posts to a side of said bed rail such that said rail connector of each of said posts faces away from said side of the bed rail.",
96
+ "subcomponents": []
97
+ }
98
+ ]
99
+ },
100
+ {
101
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
102
+ "preamble": "9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:",
103
+ "components": [
104
+ {
105
+ "component": "providing a pair of hook plates; and",
106
+ "subcomponents": []
107
+ },
108
+ {
109
+ "component": "affixing said hook plates to a second side of said bed rail opposite said side.",
110
+ "subcomponents": []
111
+ }
112
+ ]
113
+ },
114
+ {
115
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
116
+ "preamble": "10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:",
117
+ "components": [
118
+ {
119
+ "component": "providing a deck support lip; and",
120
+ "subcomponents": []
121
+ },
122
+ {
123
+ "component": "affixing said deck support lip to said second side of said bed rail.",
124
+ "subcomponents": []
125
+ }
126
+ ]
127
+ },
128
+ {
129
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
130
+ "preamble": "11. A multiple bed unit, comprising:",
131
+ "components": [
132
+ {
133
+ "component": "a first bed having a pair of bed ends, a side rail connected between and supported by said bed ends, and a sub-assembly connected between and supported by said bed ends;",
134
+ "subcomponents": []
135
+ },
136
+ {
137
+ "component": "said sub-assembly including a bed rail and a bed end affixed to a side of the bed rail; and",
138
+ "subcomponents": []
139
+ },
140
+ {
141
+ "component": "a second bed having a bed end and at least one side rail connected between the bed end of said second bed and the bed end of the sub-assembly of said first bed with said side rail of said second bed at substantially the same elevation as said bed rail of said sub-assembly.",
142
+ "subcomponents": []
143
+ }
144
+ ]
145
+ },
146
+ {
147
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
148
+ "preamble": "12. A multiple bed unit, comprising:",
149
+ "components": [
150
+ {
151
+ "component": "a first bed having a pair of bed ends, a side rail connected between and supported by said bed ends, and a sub-assembly connected between and supported by said bed ends;",
152
+ "subcomponents": []
153
+ },
154
+ {
155
+ "component": "said sub-assembly including a bed rail and a bed end affixed to a side of the bed rail;",
156
+ "subcomponents": []
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "component": "a second bed having a bed end and at least one side rail connected between the bed end of said second bed and the bed end of the sub-assembly of said first bed;",
160
+ "subcomponents": []
161
+ },
162
+ {
163
+ "component": "a second pair of bed ends disposed below said first pair of bed ends to elevate said first bed; and",
164
+ "subcomponents": []
165
+ },
166
+ {
167
+ "component": "another bed end disposed below said bed end of said second bed to elevate said second bed.",
168
+ "subcomponents": []
169
+ }
170
+ ]
171
+ },
172
+ {
173
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
174
+ "preamble": "13. The multiple bed unit of claim 12 , wherein said first bed includes a pair of guard rails disposed between the bed ends thereof.",
175
+ "components": []
176
+ },
177
+ {
178
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
179
+ "preamble": "14. The multiple bed unit of claim 13 , wherein said first and second beds are disposed substantially at right angles to one another.",
180
+ "components": []
181
+ },
182
+ {
183
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
184
+ "preamble": "15. A multiple bed unit, comprising:",
185
+ "components": [
186
+ {
187
+ "component": "a first pair of bed ends having a sub-assembly connected between and supported by said bed ends;",
188
+ "subcomponents": []
189
+ },
190
+ {
191
+ "component": "said sub-assembly including a bed rail and a bed end affixed to a side of the bed rail;",
192
+ "subcomponents": []
193
+ },
194
+ {
195
+ "component": "a first bed having a second pair of bed ends disposed below said first pair of bed ends and a pair of side rails connected between and supported by said bed ends;",
196
+ "subcomponents": []
197
+ },
198
+ {
199
+ "component": "a second bed having a bed end and at least one side rail connected between and supported by the bed end of said second bed and the bed end of the sub-assembly; and",
200
+ "subcomponents": []
201
+ },
202
+ {
203
+ "component": "another bed end disposed below said bed end of said second bed to elevate said second bed.",
204
+ "subcomponents": []
205
+ }
206
+ ]
207
+ },
208
+ {
209
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
210
+ "preamble": "16. The multiple bed unit of claim 15 , wherein said sub-assembly is disposed such that said second bed is elevated above and overlaps said first bed.",
211
+ "components": []
212
+ },
213
+ {
214
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
215
+ "preamble": "17. The multiple bed unit of claim 16 , wherein said first and second beds are disposed substantially at right angles to one another.",
216
+ "components": []
217
+ },
218
+ {
219
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
220
+ "preamble": "18. A method of assembling a multiple bed unit, comprising:",
221
+ "components": [
222
+ {
223
+ "component": "providing a first pair of bed ends, a side rail and a sub-assembly, said sub-assembly including a rail and a bed end affixed to a side of the rail;",
224
+ "subcomponents": []
225
+ },
226
+ {
227
+ "component": "connecting said side rail and sub-assembly to said first pair of bed ends to extend between said bed ends to form a first bed;",
228
+ "subcomponents": []
229
+ },
230
+ {
231
+ "component": "providing a third bed end and at least one side rail; and",
232
+ "subcomponents": []
233
+ },
234
+ {
235
+ "component": "connecting said at least one side rail to said third bed end and to said bed end of said sub-assembly at an elevation substantially the same as said rail of said sub-assembly to form a second bed.",
236
+ "subcomponents": []
237
+ }
238
+ ]
239
+ },
240
+ {
241
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
242
+ "preamble": "19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:",
243
+ "components": [
244
+ {
245
+ "component": "providing a second pair of bed ends and another bed end;",
246
+ "subcomponents": []
247
+ },
248
+ {
249
+ "component": "disposing said second pair of bed ends below said first pair of bed ends to elevate said first bed; and",
250
+ "subcomponents": []
251
+ },
252
+ {
253
+ "component": "disposing said another bed end below said third bed end to elevate said second bed.",
254
+ "subcomponents": []
255
+ }
256
+ ]
257
+ },
258
+ {
259
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
260
+ "preamble": "20. A method of assembling a multiple bed unit, comprising:",
261
+ "components": [
262
+ {
263
+ "component": "providing a first pair of bed ends and a sub-assembly, said sub-assembly including a rail and a bed end affixed to a side of the rail;",
264
+ "subcomponents": []
265
+ },
266
+ {
267
+ "component": "connecting said sub-assembly to said first pair of bed ends to extend between said bed ends;",
268
+ "subcomponents": []
269
+ },
270
+ {
271
+ "component": "providing a second pair of bed ends and a pair of side rails;",
272
+ "subcomponents": []
273
+ },
274
+ {
275
+ "component": "disposing said second pair of bed ends below said first pair of bed ends and connecting said pair of side rails between said second pair of bed ends to form a first bed;",
276
+ "subcomponents": []
277
+ },
278
+ {
279
+ "component": "providing a fifth bed end and at least one side rail;",
280
+ "subcomponents": []
281
+ },
282
+ {
283
+ "component": "connecting the at least one side rail between said fifth bed end and the bed end of said sub-assembly to form a second bed;",
284
+ "subcomponents": []
285
+ },
286
+ {
287
+ "component": "providing a sixth bed end; and",
288
+ "subcomponents": []
289
+ },
290
+ {
291
+ "component": "disposing said sixth bed end below said fifth bed end of said second bed to elevate said second bed.",
292
+ "subcomponents": []
293
+ }
294
+ ]
295
+ },
296
+ {
297
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00021",
298
+ "preamble": "21. The method of claim 20 , wherein said sub-assembly is disposed such that said second bed is elevated above and overlaps said first bed.",
299
+ "components": []
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00022",
303
+ "preamble": "22. A bed unit, comprising:",
304
+ "components": [
305
+ {
306
+ "component": "a first pair of bed ends having a sub-assembly connected between and supported by said bed ends;",
307
+ "subcomponents": []
308
+ },
309
+ {
310
+ "component": "said sub-assembly including a bed rail and a bed end affixed to a side of the bed rail; and",
311
+ "subcomponents": []
312
+ },
313
+ {
314
+ "component": "a bed having a first bed end and at least one side rail connected between and supported by the first bed end and the bed end of the sub-assembly with said side rail and said bed rail at substantially the same elevation.",
315
+ "subcomponents": []
316
+ }
317
+ ]
318
+ }
319
+ ],
320
+ "description": [
321
+ "This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/463,459, filed Apr. 15, 2003, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/464,365, filed Apr. 18, 2003, which applications are hereby incorporated by reference.",
322
+ "This invention relates to bed frames and supports, and more particularly to modular multiple bed units.",
323
+ "In dorm rooms and other dwelling rooms having limited floor space in which more than one bed is to be placed, it is known to provide loft beds to elevate the mattresses above head level, thereby freeing valuable floor space for other purposes. It is also known to connect beds together at right angles at different levels, with one bed overlapping another. Examples of such prior art beds are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,568,001 to Walsh; 6,018,829 to Rosenquist; 5,572,751 to Brandt and 3,011,180 to Majeski.",
324
+ "One aspect of the present invention involves, in one embodiment, a bed rail and bed end assembly for a multiple bed unit that includes an elongate bed rail and a bed end including a pair of spaced, substantially vertical posts affixed to a side of the bed rail. Each of the posts includes a rail connector for receiving a rail of another bed.",
325
+ "Another aspect of the present invention involves a method of assembling a bed rail and bed end assembly for use with a multiple bed unit, including providing an elongate bed rail and providing a bed end having a pair of spaced, substantially vertical posts. Each of the posts includes a rail connector for receiving a rail of another bed. Each of the posts is affixed to a side of the bed rail such that the rail connector of the posts faces away from the bed rail.",
326
+ "Yet another aspect of the present invention involves a multiple bed unit with a first pair of bed ends having a sub-assembly connected between and supported by the bed ends. The sub-assembly includes a rail and a bed end affixed to a side of the rail. A first bed has a second pair of bed ends disposed below the first pair of bed ends and a pair of side rails connected between and supported by the bed ends. A second bed has a bed end and at least one side rail connected between and supported by the bed end of the second bed and the bed end of the sub-assembly. Another bed end is disposed below the bed end of the second bed to elevate the second bed.",
327
+ "Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following descriptions with reference to the drawings.",
328
+ "FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an assembled multiple bed unit according to the present invention.",
329
+ "FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a bed end of the multiple bed unit of FIG. 1.",
330
+ "FIG. 3 is a front view of the bed end of FIG. 2.",
331
+ "FIG. 4 is a top view of the bed end of FIG. 2.",
332
+ "FIG. 5 is a side view of a bed rail of the multiple bed unit of FIG. 1.",
333
+ "FIG. 6 is a top view of the bed rail of FIG. 5.",
334
+ "FIG. 7 is a right end view of the bed rail of FIG. 5.",
335
+ "FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a sub-assembly of the multiple bed unit of FIG. 1.",
336
+ "FIG. 9 is a side view of the sub-assembly of FIG. 8.",
337
+ "FIG. 10 is a top view of the sub-assembly of FIG. 8.",
338
+ "FIG. 11 is a right end view of the sub-assembly of FIG. 8.",
339
+ "FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a guard rail of the multiple bed unit of FIG. 1.",
340
+ "FIG. 13 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a multiple bed unit according to the present invention.",
341
+ "For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated device and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.",
342
+ "FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a modular multiple bed unit or loft bed 10 according to the present invention. Loft bed 10 is assembled from modular components of different types that may be interconnected in a variety of arrangements, of which loft bed 10 is only one example. The modular components include bed ends 12, side rails 14, sub-assembly 16 including conversion bed end 18, and guard rails 20. Sub-assembly 16 is used in place of a side rail 14 to convert beds into multiple bed units. Stabilizer rails 22 are also employed in some applications. Deck slats 24 provide support for a mattress, not shown.",
343
+ "With reference to FIGS. 2\u20134, bed end 12 includes a pair of spaced, substantially vertical posts 26, and a plurality of substantially horizontal cross-pieces 28. Each post 26 has a longitudinal slot 30 in one face running substantially the length thereof, with the slotted faces of both posts 26 of a given bed end 12 facing in the same direction. A plurality of metal cross-pins 32 are spaced vertically at substantially even intervals and extend substantially horizontally, bridging across slots 30. Slots 30 and cross-pins 32 comprise a rail connector for receiving a hook plate of a side rail as described below. A dowel-hole 34 is provided in each end of posts 26 for receiving a dowel therein to facilitate stacking of bed ends 12.",
344
+ "Referring to FIGS. 5\u20137, side rail 14 includes an elongate rail member 36 that may be about one inch wide by about 5 inches tall, with a length appropriate to accommodate a mattress of standard dimensions. Affixed to the inboard face 37 of rail member 36, at each end thereof, is a hook-plate 38 having a pair of downward opening spaced hooks 40 that may be received in slot 30 and over cross-pins 32 of bed ends 12. Hook-plate 38 is attached to rail member 36 by screw fasteners, preferably by way of a plurality of pan-head machine screws 42 received through corresponding holes in hook-plate 38 and threadedly received in threaded inserts imbedded in corresponding holes in rail member 36. Alternatively, wood screws or other suitable fasteners may be employed. An elongate support lip 44 is affixed with pan head wood screws 46 to the inboard face 37 of rail member 36 and runs substantially the length thereof to support deck slats 24. Lip 44 overlies hook-plates 38 and is rabbeted at each end to accommodate the thickness of plates 38.",
345
+ "Now referring to FIGS. 8\u201311, there is illustrated sub-assembly 16 which is particularly useful for converting beds into multiple bed units with the beds connected to one another at right angles. Sub-assembly 16 includes a bed rail 48 that is substantially similar to the above-described side rail 14, and includes an elongate rail member 50 that is substantially similar to the above-described rail member 36, and hook-plates 52 and support lip 54 that are substantially similar to the above-described hook-plates 38 and support lip 44.",
346
+ "Sub-assembly 16 differs from side rail 14 primarily in that a conversion bed end 18 is pre-assembled thereto on the outboard face 55 of rail member 50, opposite the inboard face 57 to which hook-plates 52 and support lip 54 are affixed. Conversion bed end 18 is somewhat similar to bed ends 12 described above, but is vertically shorter. Conversion bed end 18 includes a pair of spaced, substantially vertical posts 56, and a plurality of substantially horizontal cross-pieces 58. Each post 56 has a longitudinal slot 60 in one face running substantially the length thereof, with the slotted faces of both posts 56 facing in the same direction, i.e., in the outboard direction. A plurality of metal cross-pins 62 are spaced vertically at substantially even intervals as in bed ends 12, and extend substantially horizontally, bridging across slots 60. Posts 56 are attached to rail member 50 by a plurality of carriage bolts 64 and appropriate nuts and washers, received in holes that are countersunk at the inboard face of rail member 50 and the outboard faces of posts 56 so that the bolt ends do not protrude beyond the faces to cause mattress damage or bodily injury. The carriage bolts 64 of one of the posts 56, located proximate one end of rail member 50, are aligned with the hook plate 52. However, the carriage bolt ends, being countersunk in inboard face 57, do not interfere with or pass through hook plate 52, but rather are covered by hook plate 52.",
347
+ "Referring to FIG. 12, a guard rail 20 is shown, including a pair of vertically spaced horizontal rail pieces 66, a pair of end pieces 68, a center brace 70, and a pair of slides 72, one affixed to each end piece 68. Slides 72 are rabbeted to provide a narrow vertical tongue 74 that can be received in any of the slots 30 of bed ends 12.",
348
+ "Referring again to FIG. 1, the various components described above are shown assembled to form a multiple bed unit having a first elevated bed A and a second elevated bed B connected to one another at right angles. First bed A is assembled by connecting stabilizer rail 22 to a first pair of opposite bed ends 12 that may stand on the floor for the purpose of elevating the bed. The slotted faces of the bed ends face inwardly toward each other. Stabilizer rail 22 is similar in construction to side rail 14 described above, and includes hook plates for engaging the cross-pins of bed ends 12, but does not include a support lip.",
349
+ "A side rail 14 and a sub-assembly 16 are connected to a second pair of opposite bed ends 12, with side rail 14 disposed on the inner side of the bed and the sub-assembly disposed on the outer side of the bed. As used herein in this context, \u201cinner\u201d and \u201couter\u201d refer to the sides of the bed that may be adjacent and away from, respectively, a wall of the room. Dowels are placed in the holes 34 at the top of each post 26 of the floor-level bed ends, and the assembled bed A is raised and set upon the lower bed ends with the dowels being received in the holes in the bottom ends of the upper bed ends. The deck slats 24 are then placed on the support lips to span between inner side rail 14 and outer sub-assembly 16. The deck slats may be screwed to the support lips. Next, the guard rails 20 can be connected to inner and outer sides of bed A by sliding the tongues 74 downward in the slots 30 of the upper bed ends 12.",
350
+ "Second bed B is assembled by stacking one bed end 12 above another, using dowels received in holes 34 of the respective bed ends. Then, a pair of side rails 14 are attached between the upper bed end 12 and the conversion bed end 18 of sub-assembly 16, thereby linking the stacked bed ends 12 to the first bed A. The hook plates 38 of side rails 14 engage the slots and cross-pins of conversion bed end 18 and upper bed end 12. The deck slats 24 are then placed on the support lips to span between inner and outer side rails 14. The deck slats may be screwed to the support lips. Next, the guard rails 20 can be connected to inner and outer sides of bed B by sliding the tongues 74 downward in the slots 30 of the upper bed end 12 and the slots 60 of the conversion bed end 18.",
351
+ "The multiple bed unit 10 of FIG. 1 may be made more useful by connecting a desk surface between the lower bed ends 12 of bed A. In lieu of a desk surface, a third bed may be added by connecting another pair of side rails between the lower bed ends 12 of bed A, with additional bed slats 24 spanning between the side rails. In addition, a fourth bed may be added by substituting a sub-assembly 16 for one of the side rails 14 of bed B, and connecting thereto another pair of side rails and a bed end, with an additional bed end below to elevate the fourth bed. Other combinations of multiple beds are possible by replacing a side rail 14 with a sub-assembly 16 by which an additional bed may be connected at a right angle to an existing bed.",
352
+ "Referring to FIG. 13, another embodiment of a multiple bed unit 110 of the present invention is shown in which a second bed D is elevated above and crosses over a first bed C at a right angle. Letter suffixes are appended to the reference numerals to distinguish components that are otherwise identical, but differ only by location in the assembled bed.",
353
+ "First bed C is assembled by erecting a pair of opposite bed ends 112a and 112b that are connected by an inner side rail 114a and an outer side rail 114b. The deck slats 124a are then placed on the support lips to span between inner and outer side rails 114a and 114b. A second pair of bed ends 112c and 112d are stacked atop bed ends 112a and 112b, respectively, using dowels as described previously. A sub-assembly 116 is connected between upper bed ends 112c and 112d on the inner side of the bed C. In this configuration, sub-assembly 116 is disposed so that the previously described \u201coutboard\u201d side of the rail, i.e., the side to which the conversion bed end 118 is affixed, faces inwardly of bed C.",
354
+ "Second bed D is assembled by stacking two bed ends 112e and 112f, and connecting a pair of side rails 114c and 114d between upper bed end 112f and conversion bed end 118. The deck slats 124b are then placed on the support lips to span between inner and outer side rails 114c and 114d. Next, the guard rails 120a and 120b can be connected to inner and outer sides of bed D by sliding the tongues downward in the slots of the upper bed end 112f and the slots of the conversion bed end 118.",
355
+ "A variation of the embodiment of FIG. 13 may be assembled by connecting the sub-assembly 116 between lower bed ends 112a and 112b, and connecting side rails 114a and 114b between upper bed ends 112c and 112d. Side rails 114c and 114d may be connected to conversion bed end 118 and bed end 112f as before, without bed end 112e. Consequently, bed C may be elevated above bed D.",
356
+ "While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected."
357
+ ],
358
+ "citations": [
359
+ "3011180",
360
+ "3316564",
361
+ "4109328",
362
+ "4232411",
363
+ "5572751",
364
+ "6018829",
365
+ "6292959",
366
+ "6349435",
367
+ "6568001"
368
+ ],
369
+ "us_classification": "5 91",
370
+ "international_classifications": [
371
+ {
372
+ "classification_level": "A",
373
+ "section": "A",
374
+ "classification_class": "47",
375
+ "subclass": "C",
376
+ "main_group": "19",
377
+ "subgroup": "20"
378
+ }
379
+ ]
380
+ }
json_patents/06983495.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Adjustable height bed",
3
+ "abstract": "An adjustable bed includes a universal, or interchangeable, bed end that can be used at either end of the bed and that can be connected with a motor drive assembly. The bed end may include a manual crank that is removably attached to the bed end. The bed end may include an elevating mechanism that includes a cross-beam or similar structure for transmitting motive force between fixed and movable portions of the bed end. The bed end may also include a new slip nut for transmitting motive force from a lead screw. The bed may further include a reversible corner plate for allowing the bed end to be used facing in either direction. The bed end may also include a plastic cover that is washable and scratch resistant.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Snyder",
6
+ "Loewenthal",
7
+ "Spriegel",
8
+ "Goertzen",
9
+ "Puckett"
10
+ ],
11
+ "document_number": "06983495",
12
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
13
+ "assignees": [
14
+ "Invacare Corporation"
15
+ ],
16
+ "claims": [
17
+ {
18
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
19
+ "preamble": "1. An adjustable bed for use on a floor, said bed comprising:",
20
+ "components": [
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "a bed spring having a head end portion and a foot end portion;",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "component": "a first bed end including a height adjustment mechanism that is operable to support said head end portion of said bed spring at a plurality of different heights above a floor;",
27
+ "subcomponents": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "component": "a second bed end replaceable by said first bed end and including a height adjustment mechanism that is operable to support said foot end portion of said bed spring at a plurality of different heights above a floor;",
31
+ "subcomponents": []
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "component": "an electric motor mounted on said bed spring at a location between said first bed end and said second bed end;",
35
+ "subcomponents": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "component": "a first drive shaft portion connected between said motor and said first bed end; and",
39
+ "subcomponents": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "component": "a second drive shaft portion connected between said motor and said second bed end;",
43
+ "subcomponents": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "component": "said first and second drive shaft portions being rotatable together by said electric motor in a first direction of rotation to raise said head end portion and said foot end portion of said bed spring and in a second direction of rotation opposite said first direction of rotation to lower said head end portion and said foot end portion of said bed spring.",
47
+ "subcomponents": []
48
+ }
49
+ ]
50
+ },
51
+ {
52
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
53
+ "preamble": "2. A bed as set forth in claim 1 wherein said height adjustment mechanism of said first bed end comprises a gearbox having two different input conditions for receiving rotational force in the first direction of rotation from one of said first and second drive shaft portions and for in response either raising or lowering said head end portion of said bed spring.",
54
+ "components": []
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
58
+ "preamble": "3. A bed as set forth in claim 2 wherein said gearbox has first and second input shafts for selectively receiving the rotational force and for in response either raising or lowering said head end portion of said bed spring.",
59
+ "components": []
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
63
+ "preamble": "4. A bed as set forth in claim 3 wherein said first and second input shafts include respective first and second gears that are in meshing engagement with each other.",
64
+ "components": []
65
+ },
66
+ {
67
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
68
+ "preamble": "5. A bed as set forth in claim 4 wherein said gearbox includes an output gear for driving a lead screw of said height adjustment mechanism, said output gear being in meshing engagement with one of said first and second gears for transmitting rotational force to said lead screw in a first direction when said rotational force is applied to said first input shaft and in a second direction when said rotational force is applied to said second input shaft.",
69
+ "components": []
70
+ },
71
+ {
72
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
73
+ "preamble": "6. A bed as set forth in claim 1 wherein said first bed end is identical to said second bed end.",
74
+ "components": []
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
78
+ "preamble": "7. A bed as set forth in claim 1 wherein said height adjustment mechanism comprises a gearbox for receiving rotational force and for in response rotating a lead screw and thereby raising or lowering said movable portion of said bed end.",
79
+ "components": []
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
83
+ "preamble": "8. A bed as set forth in claim 1 further including a manual crank for actuating said height adjustment mechanism of said first bed end and of said second bed end, said manual crank being removably attached to one of said first and second bed ends, said manual crank including a securing mechanism for releasably securing said manual crank to said first bed end.",
84
+ "components": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
88
+ "preamble": "9. A bed as set forth in claim 1 wherein said first bed end includes at least one leg engageable with the floor for supporting said first bed end on the floor, said height adjustment mechanism includes a nut assembly threadedly engaged with a lead screw, and said nut assembly is rigidly coupled with said at least one leg for transmitting force from said lead screw through said nut assembly to said at least one leg.",
89
+ "components": []
90
+ },
91
+ {
92
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
93
+ "preamble": "10. A bed as set forth in claim 1 wherein said height adjustment mechanism includes a slip nut threadedly engaged with a lead screw, said slip nut being formed in two pieces each extending about 180 degrees around said axis.",
94
+ "components": []
95
+ },
96
+ {
97
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
98
+ "preamble": "11. A bed as set forth in claim 1 wherein said first bed end has first and second opposite major side surfaces and at least one corner plate supported on said first bed ends for helping to support said bed spring;",
99
+ "components": [
100
+ {
101
+ "component": "said first bed end having a first condition in which said first major side surface of said first bed end faces said second bed end and said corner plate faces said second bed end;",
102
+ "subcomponents": []
103
+ },
104
+ {
105
+ "component": "said first bed end being movable from the first condition to a second condition in which said second major side surface of said first bed end faces said second bed end and said corner plate faces said second bed end.",
106
+ "subcomponents": []
107
+ }
108
+ ]
109
+ },
110
+ {
111
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
112
+ "preamble": "12. A bed as set forth in claim 1 wherein said height adjustment mechanism includes a cable and pulley system for adjusting the height of said head end portion of said bed spring in response to operation of said electric motor.",
113
+ "components": []
114
+ },
115
+ {
116
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
117
+ "preamble": "13. A bed end for an adjustable height bed having a driveshaft that is rotatable in first and second opposite directions of rotation about a first axis to raise and lower said bed, said bed end comprising:",
118
+ "components": [
119
+ {
120
+ "component": "a movable portion for supporting a portion of a bed spring;",
121
+ "subcomponents": []
122
+ },
123
+ {
124
+ "component": "an output shaft rotatable about a second axis transverse to said first axis; and",
125
+ "subcomponents": []
126
+ },
127
+ {
128
+ "component": "a gearbox connected with said output shaft for transmitting rotational force from the driveshaft to the output shaft;",
129
+ "subcomponents": []
130
+ },
131
+ {
132
+ "component": "wherein said gearbox can be coupled with the driveshaft in a first condition receiving rotational force from the driveshaft in a first direction of rotation about said first axis and effecting rotation of said output shaft about said second axis in a direction so as to raise said movable portion of said bed end; and",
133
+ "subcomponents": []
134
+ },
135
+ {
136
+ "component": "wherein said gearbox can be coupled with said driveshaft in a second condition receiving rotational force from the driveshaft in said first direction of rotation about said first axis and effecting rotation of said output shaft about said second axis in a direction so as to lower said movable portion of said bed end;",
137
+ "subcomponents": []
138
+ },
139
+ {
140
+ "component": "wherein said gearbox includes first and second input shafts, said first input shaft being coupled with the driveshaft when said gearbox is in the first condition and said second input shaft being coupled with the driveshaft when said gearbox is in the first condition.",
141
+ "subcomponents": []
142
+ }
143
+ ]
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
147
+ "preamble": "14. A bed end for a bed that includes a bed spring that is adjustable vertically relative to a floor on which the bed is placed, said bed end comprising:",
148
+ "components": [
149
+ {
150
+ "component": "a movable portion for supporting the bed spring;",
151
+ "subcomponents": []
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "component": "a fixed portion for supporting the movable portion of the bed end; and",
155
+ "subcomponents": []
156
+ },
157
+ {
158
+ "component": "a height adjustment mechanism operable to receive rotational force and in response to raise or lower said movable portion of said bed end relative to said fixed portion of said bed end;",
159
+ "subcomponents": []
160
+ },
161
+ {
162
+ "component": "said height adjustment mechanism being operable to receive rotational force in a first direction of rotation about a first axis and in response to raise said movable portion of said bed end relative to said fixed portion of said bed end, said height adjustment mechanism also being operable to receive rotational force in said first direction of rotation about said first axis and in response to lower said movable portion of said bed end relative to said fixed portion of said bed end;",
163
+ "subcomponents": []
164
+ },
165
+ {
166
+ "component": "wherein said height adjustment mechanism comprises a gearbox having two different input conditions for receiving rotational force in the first direction of rotation and for in response either raising or lowering said movable portion of said bed end;",
167
+ "subcomponents": []
168
+ },
169
+ {
170
+ "component": "wherein said gearbox has first and second input shafts for selectively receiving the rotational force and for in response either raising or lowering said movable portion of said bed end.",
171
+ "subcomponents": []
172
+ }
173
+ ]
174
+ },
175
+ {
176
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
177
+ "preamble": "15. A bed end as set forth in claim 14 wherein said first and second input shafts are vertically spaced and include respective first and second gears that are in meshing engagement with each other.",
178
+ "components": []
179
+ },
180
+ {
181
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
182
+ "preamble": "16. A bed end as set forth in claim 15 wherein said gearbox includes an output gear for driving a lead screw of said bed end, said output gear being in meshing engagement with one of said first and second gears for transmitting rotational force to said lead screw in a first direction when said rotational force is applied to said first input shaft and in a second direction when said rotational force is applied to said second input shaft.",
183
+ "components": []
184
+ },
185
+ {
186
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
187
+ "preamble": "17. A bed end for a bed that includes a bed spring that is adjustable vertically relative to a floor on which the bed is placed, said bed end comprising:",
188
+ "components": [
189
+ {
190
+ "component": "a movable portion for supporting the bed spring;",
191
+ "subcomponents": []
192
+ },
193
+ {
194
+ "component": "a fixed portion for supporting the movable portion of the bed end; and",
195
+ "subcomponents": []
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "component": "a height adjustment mechanism operable to receive rotational force and in response to raise or lower said movable portion of said bed end relative to said fixed portion of said bed end;",
199
+ "subcomponents": []
200
+ },
201
+ {
202
+ "component": "said height adjustment mechanism being operable to receive rotational force in a first direction of rotation about a first axis and in response to raise said movable portion of said bed end relative to said fixed portion of said bed end, said height adjustment mechanism also being operable to receive rotational force in said first direction of rotation about said first axis and in response to lower said movable portion of said bed end relative to said fixed portion of said bed end;",
203
+ "subcomponents": []
204
+ },
205
+ {
206
+ "component": "wherein said height adjustment mechanism comprises a gearbox having two different input conditions for receiving rotational force in the first direction of rotation and for in response either raising or lowering said movable portion of said bed end;",
207
+ "subcomponents": []
208
+ },
209
+ {
210
+ "component": "wherein said gearbox has an input shaft that is selectively movable in a housing between first and second positions relative to said housing for receiving the rotational force and for in response either raising or lowering said movable portion of said bed end.",
211
+ "subcomponents": []
212
+ }
213
+ ]
214
+ },
215
+ {
216
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
217
+ "preamble": "18. A bed end for a bed that includes a bed spring that is adjustable vertically relative to a floor on which the bed is placed, said bed end comprising:",
218
+ "components": [
219
+ {
220
+ "component": "a movable portion for supporting the bed spring;",
221
+ "subcomponents": []
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "component": "a fixed portion for supporting the movable portion of the bed end; and",
225
+ "subcomponents": []
226
+ },
227
+ {
228
+ "component": "a height adjustment mechanism operable to receive rotational force and in response to raise or lower said movable portion of said bed end relative to said fixed portion of said bed end;",
229
+ "subcomponents": []
230
+ },
231
+ {
232
+ "component": "said height adjustment mechanism being operable to receive rotational force in a first direction of rotation about a first axis and in response to raise said movable portion of said bed end relative to said fixed portion of said bed end, said height adjustment mechanism also being operable to receive rotational force in said first direction of rotation about said first axis and in response to lower said movable portion of said bed end relative to said fixed portion of said bed end;",
233
+ "subcomponents": []
234
+ },
235
+ {
236
+ "component": "wherein said height adjustment mechanism comprises a gearbox for receiving rotational force and for in response rotating a lead screw and thereby raising or lowering said movable portion of said bed end.",
237
+ "subcomponents": []
238
+ }
239
+ ]
240
+ },
241
+ {
242
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
243
+ "preamble": "19. A bed end for a bed that includes a bed spring that is adjustable vertically relative to a floor on which the bed is placed, said bed end comprising:",
244
+ "components": [
245
+ {
246
+ "component": "a first portion for engagement with the floor, including at least one leg; and;",
247
+ "subcomponents": []
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "component": "a second portion supported on said first portion for vertical movement relative to said first portion and thereby relative to the floor, said second portion of said bed end including a lead screw extending generally vertically within said bed end, said lead screw being rotatable in first and second opposite directions of rotation about an axis to effect raising and lowering of said second portion of said bed end relative to said first portion of said bed end;",
251
+ "subcomponents": []
252
+ },
253
+ {
254
+ "component": "said first portion of said bed end including a nut assembly threadedly engaged with said lead screw, said nut assembly being rigidly coupled with said at least one leg;",
255
+ "subcomponents": []
256
+ },
257
+ {
258
+ "component": "said lead screw moving vertically relative to said first portion of said bed end in response to rotation of said lead screw about said axis thereby to effect vertical movement of said second portion of said bed end relative to said first portion of said bed end.",
259
+ "subcomponents": []
260
+ }
261
+ ]
262
+ },
263
+ {
264
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
265
+ "preamble": "20. A bed end as set forth in claim 19 wherein said first portion of said bed end includes a cross-beam rigidly coupling said nut assembly with said at least one leg.",
266
+ "components": []
267
+ },
268
+ {
269
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00021",
270
+ "preamble": "21. A bed end as set forth in claim 19 wherein said first portion of said bed end includes first and second legs engageable with the floor, said nut assembly including a slip nut mounted in a nut housing and threadedly engaged with said lead screw, said nut housing being rigidly coupled between said first and second legs.",
271
+ "components": []
272
+ },
273
+ {
274
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00022",
275
+ "preamble": "22. A bed end as set forth in claim 21 wherein said first portion of said bed end includes a cross-beam rigidly coupling said nut assembly and said first and second legs.",
276
+ "components": []
277
+ },
278
+ {
279
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00023",
280
+ "preamble": "23. A bed end for a bed that includes a bed spring that is adjustable vertically relative to a floor on which the bed is placed, said bed end comprising:",
281
+ "components": [
282
+ {
283
+ "component": "a first portion for engagement with the floor, including at least one leg;",
284
+ "subcomponents": []
285
+ },
286
+ {
287
+ "component": "a second portion supported on said first portion for vertical movement relative to said first portion and thereby relative to the floor;",
288
+ "subcomponents": []
289
+ },
290
+ {
291
+ "component": "said second portion of said bed end including a lead screw extending generally vertically within said bed end, said lead screw being rotatable in first and second opposite directions of rotation about an axis to effect raising and lowering of said second portion of said bed end relative to said first portion of said bed end;",
292
+ "subcomponents": []
293
+ },
294
+ {
295
+ "component": "said first portion of said bed end including a nut assembly, said nut assembly including a slip nut threadedly engaged with said lead screw, said slip nut being formed in two pieces each extending about 180 degrees around said axis.",
296
+ "subcomponents": []
297
+ }
298
+ ]
299
+ },
300
+ {
301
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00024",
302
+ "preamble": "24. A bed end as set forth in claim 23 wherein said two pieces of said slip nut are identical to each other.",
303
+ "components": []
304
+ },
305
+ {
306
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00025",
307
+ "preamble": "25. A bed end as set forth in claim 24 wherein each one of said two pieces of said slip nut has an axially extending portion for engagement with a projecting portion of said lead screw, said axially extending portions of said two slip nut pieces extending in opposite axial directions.",
308
+ "components": []
309
+ },
310
+ {
311
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00026",
312
+ "preamble": "26. A bed comprising:",
313
+ "components": [
314
+ {
315
+ "component": "a bed spring having a first portion and a second portion;",
316
+ "subcomponents": []
317
+ },
318
+ {
319
+ "component": "a first bed end comprising a height adjustment mechanism operable to support said first portion of said bed spring at a plurality of heights above a floor;",
320
+ "subcomponents": []
321
+ },
322
+ {
323
+ "component": "a second bed end comprising a height adjustment mechanism operable to support said second portion of said bed spring at a plurality of heights above a floor, said second bed end replaceable by a bed end substantially similar to said first bed end; and",
324
+ "subcomponents": []
325
+ },
326
+ {
327
+ "component": "a drive assembly having a first portion connected to the first bed end and a second portion connected to the second bed end;",
328
+ "subcomponents": []
329
+ },
330
+ {
331
+ "component": "said first and second drive assembly portions rotatable together by said drive assembly in a first direction of rotation to raise said first portion and said second portion of said bed spring and in a second direction of rotation opposite said first direction to lower said first and second portions of said bed spring.",
332
+ "subcomponents": []
333
+ }
334
+ ]
335
+ },
336
+ {
337
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00027",
338
+ "preamble": "27. A bed set forth in claim 26 wherein said first bed end is identical to said second bed end.",
339
+ "components": []
340
+ }
341
+ ],
342
+ "description": [
343
+ "The present invention relates to an adjustable bed. In particular, the present invention relates to a bed having a bed spring or other portion that is vertically adjustable, for example, for use in home health care.",
344
+ "Adjustable beds are often used in home health care. Such beds typically include a height adjustment mechanism that is operable to raise or lower the bed spring. The height adjustment mechanism may be manual or electric. A manual mechanism uses a hand crank to operate a gearbox to raise and lower the bed spring. An electric mechanism uses an electric motor that rotates a drive shaft or drive tube. The drive shaft is connected with gearboxes that face inward on the respective bed ends. When the motor is actuated, rotational force is transmitted to the bed ends to synchronously raise and lower movable portions of the bed ends that support the bed spring. One such type of adjustable bed end is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,134,731, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.",
345
+ "Since the rotational force acts in the same direction of rotation at both ends of the bed, identical head and foot bed ends are not used because their gearboxes would cause one bed end to raise and the other bed end to lower. As a result, separate head ends and foot ends are typically provided for an adjustable bed. This results in the need to manufacture and store two different kinds of bed ends, and can cause mistakes when delivering and setting up a bed in a patient's home.",
346
+ "The present invention relates to an adjustable bed and to various features of the bed. In various embodiments, the bed includes a universal, or interchangeable, bed end that can be used at either end of the bed and can be connected with an existing motor drive assembly. The bed end may include a manual crank that is removably attached to the bed end. The bed end may include an elevating mechanism that includes a cross-beam or similar structure for transmitting motive force between fixed and movable portions of the bed end. The bed end may also include a new slip nut for transmitting and synchronizing motive force from a lead screw. The bed may further include a reversible corner plate for allowing the bed end to be used facing in either direction. The bed end may also include a plastic cover that is washable and scratch resistant.",
347
+ "The foregoing and other features of the present invention will become apparent to one skilled in the art to which the present invention relates upon consideration the following description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:",
348
+ "FIG. 1 is a schematic elevational view of one embodiment of an adjustable bed in accordance with the present invention;",
349
+ "FIG. 2 is a schematic elevational view of one embodiment of a bed end that forms part of the bed of FIG. 1;",
350
+ "FIG. 3 is a sectional view of one embodiment of a slip nut assembly that forms part of the bed end of FIG. 2;",
351
+ "FIG. 4 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a slip nut that forms part of the slip nut assembly of FIG. 3;",
352
+ "FIG. 5 is a sectional view of one embodiment of a gearbox that forms part of the bed end of FIG. 2;",
353
+ "FIG. 6 is an elevational view of the gearbox of FIG. 5;",
354
+ "FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the bed of FIG. 1;",
355
+ "FIG. 8 is a view of a prior art bed end;",
356
+ "FIG. 9 is an elevational view of one embodiment of a crank that is usable with the bed end of FIG. 2;",
357
+ "FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 5 showing the crank of FIG. 9 attached to a gearbox;",
358
+ "FIG. 11 is a sectional view of an alternative gearbox embodiment that can be part of the bed end of FIG. 2;",
359
+ "FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a portion of the gearbox of FIG. 11;",
360
+ "FIG. 13 is a sectional view of another alternative gearbox embodiment that can be part of the bed end of FIG. 2;",
361
+ "FIGS. 14\u201317 are views of alternative corner plates one embodiment of that can be used with the bed end of FIG. 2;",
362
+ "FIG. 18 is an elevational view of one embodiment of a plastic bed end cover in accordance with the present invention;",
363
+ "FIG. 19 is a cutaway sectional view of the bed end cover of FIG. 18;",
364
+ "FIG. 20 is an exploded view of an alternative plastic bed end cover embodiment in accordance with the present invention; and",
365
+ "FIG. 21 is an exploded view of another alternative plastic bed end cover embodiment in accordance with the present invention.",
366
+ "The present invention relates to adjustable beds. In particular, the present invention relates to a bed having a bed spring or other portion that is vertically adjustable, for example, for use in home health care. As representative of the present invention, FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a bed 10. The bed 10 is illustrated as being placed on a floor 12.",
367
+ "The bed 10 includes a bed end 14 that is located at the head end of the bed. The bed 10 also includes a bed end 14a that is located at the foot end of the bed. The bed end 14 is referred to herein as the \u201chead end\u201d of the bed 10. The bed end 14a is referred to herein as the \u201cfoot end\u201d of the bed 10. The head end 14 of the bed 10 is identical to, and interchangeable with, the foot end 14a of the bed, as is discussed in more detail below.",
368
+ "The head end 14 of the bed 10 (FIG. 2) includes a fixed portion 20 and a movable portion 22. The fixed portion 20 of the head end 14 is that portion of the head end 14 that stays in position on the floor 12 when the height of the bed 10 is adjusted. The movable portion 22 of the head end 14 is that portion of the head end that moves vertically relative to the floor 12 and relative to the fixed portion 20 of the head end, when the height of the bed 10 is adjusted. This movement effects vertical movement of the portions of the bed on which the patient is located, as discussed below.",
369
+ "The fixed portion 20 of the head end 14 (FIG. 2) includes first and second inner legs 24 and 26 that are interconnected by a cross-beam 28. The inner legs 24 and 26 are identical to each other in construction and so their constituent parts are numbered identically.",
370
+ "Each one of the inner legs 24 and 26 has a square, tubular cross-sectional configuration with an inner side wall 30 that faces the opposite side of the bed end 14. Each one of the inner legs 24 and 26 has an upper end portion 32 and an opposite lower end portion 34. The inner legs 24 and 26 extend generally perpendicular to the floor 12 when the bed 10 is assembled as shown in the drawings.",
371
+ "The cross-beam 28 has a tubular, rectangular cross-sectional configuration that extends perpendicular to the inner legs 24 and 26 and parallel to the floor 12. The cross-beam 28 has opposite upper and lower side walls 48 and 50 and opposite inner and outer side walls. The cross-beam 28 also has first and second end walls 48 and 50 that close the ends of the cross-beam and provide a mounting structure for supporting the cross-beam.",
372
+ "The cross-beam 28 is connected between the upper end portions 32 of the inner legs 24 and 26, respectively. Specifically, the first end wall 48 of the cross-beam 28 is fixedly secured to the upper end portion 32 of the first leg 24, specifically, the inner side wall 30, by fastener structure that, in the illustrated embodiment, includes a plurality of bolts 52. In a similar manner, the second end wall 50 of the cross-beam 28 is fixedly secured to the upper end portion 32 of the second leg 26, specifically, the inner side wall 30, by fastener structure that, in the illustrated embodiment, includes a plurality of bolts 54. As a result, the cross-beam 28 and the first and second inner legs 24 and 26 are fixed to each other as one unit that rests on the floor 12 and that does not move vertically when the height of the bed 10 is adjusted as described below. These three pieces together form the fixed portion 20 of the head end 14. It should be understood that the cross-beam 28 could be configured differently, so long as it comprises structure that rigidly joins the inner legs 24 and 26 for transmitting force between the movable portions 22 of the bed end 14 and the fixed portion 20 of the bed end.",
373
+ "The movable portion 22 of the head end 14 of the bed 10 includes structural and operational parts, as well as decorative/covering parts. The decorative/covering parts are not shown in FIGS. 1\u20136, so that the structural and operational parts can be viewed. The decorative/covering parts are described below.",
374
+ "The movable portion 22 of the head end 14 includes a frame structure, or frame 60. The frame 60 includes an upper cross bar 62, a lower cross bar 64, and first and second outer legs 66 and 68.",
375
+ "The upper cross bar 62 has a tubular cross-sectional configuration that extends perpendicular to the outer legs 66 and 68 and parallel to the floor 12. The upper cross bar 62 has first and second end portions 70 and 72. The lower cross bar 64 has a tubular cross-sectional configuration that extends perpendicular to the outer legs 66 and 68 and parallel to the floor 12. The lower cross bar 64 has first and second end portions 74 and 76.",
376
+ "The first and second outer legs 66 and 68 of the frame 60 are identical to each other and so their constituent parts are numbered identically. Each one of the outer legs 66 and 68 has a square, tubular cross-sectional configuration with an inner major side wall 78 that faces the opposite side (left to right as viewed in FIG. 2) of the bed end 14. Each one of the outer legs 66 and 68 has an upper end portion 80 and an opposite lower end portion 82. The outer legs 66 and 68 extend perpendicular to the floor 12 when the bed 10 is assembled as shown in the drawings.",
377
+ "The first and second end portions 70 and 72 of the upper cross bar 62 are fixed to the upper end portions 80 of the first and second outer legs 66 and 68, respectively, by welding, for example. The first and second end portions 74 and 76 of the lower cross bar 64 are fixed to the first and second outer legs 66 and 68, respectively, by welding, for example. As a result, the upper and lower cross bars 62 and 64, and the first and second outer legs 66 and 68, are fixed to each other as one unit that is movable vertically when the height of the bed 10 is adjusted as described below.",
378
+ "The first and second inner legs 24 and 26 of the head end 14 of the bed 10 are telescopically received in the first and second outer legs 66 and 68 of the head end, respectively. The inner legs 24 and 26 are smaller in cross-sectional configuration than the outer legs 66 and 68 and are slidable within the outer legs. When the inner legs 24 and 26 are thus assembled with the outer legs 66 and 68, the lower end portions 34 of the inner legs project from the outer legs. Casters or other floor-engaging structure 86 (FIG. 1) may be fixed to the lower end portions 34 of the inner legs 24 and 26.",
379
+ "The inner side wall 78 of the first outer leg 66 is cut away or relieved in a known manner to allow travel clearance for the bolts 52 when the first inner leg 24 moves vertically relative to the first outer leg. In a similar manner, the inner side wall 78 of the second outer leg 68 is cut away or relieved in a known manner to allow travel clearance for the bolts 54 when the second inner leg 26 moves vertically relative to the second outer leg. As a result, the entire movable portion 22 of the head end 14, including the upper and lower cross bars 62 and 64 and the first and second outer legs 66 and 68, is movable vertically as one unit, relative to the fixed portion 20 of the head end, when the height of the bed 10 is adjusted as described below.",
380
+ "The movable portion of the head end 14 of the bed 10 includes a drive assembly 90 for receiving rotational force and, in response, moving the movable portion 22 of the head end vertically relative to the fixed portion 20 of the head end. The drive assembly 90 includes a gearbox 140, described below in detail, that is fixed in position on the lower cross bar 64 of the frame 60.",
381
+ "The drive assembly 90 also includes an externally threaded acme screw or lead screw 92. The lead screw 92 is mounted generally vertically in the frame 60. An upper end portion 94 of the lead screw 92 is supported on the upper cross bar 62 for rotational movement relative to the frame 60 about a drive axis 96. An upper screw pin 98 (FIG. 3) projects radially outward from the lead screw 92 near the upper end portion 94 of the lead screw. The upper end portion 94 of the lead screw 92 is not movable axially relative to the upper cross bar 62.",
382
+ "A lower end portion 100 of the lead screw 92 (FIG. 5) is supported on the gearbox 140 in a manner described below for rotation relative to the frame 60. The lower end portion 100 of the lead screw 92 includes an axially projecting tenon 102 that forms the lower terminal end of the lead screw. The lower end portion 100 of the lead screw 92 is not movable axially relative to the lower cross bar 64. As a result, the lead screw 92 is fixed for movement vertically with the frame 60 and with the other parts of the movable portion 22 of the head end 14.",
383
+ "The drive assembly 90 of the head end 10 also includes a slip nut assembly 104 (FIGS. 3 and 4) for transmitting force between the lead screw 92 and the cross-beam 28. The slip nut assembly 104 includes a slip nut housing 106. The nut housing 106 is fixed by bolts 108 to the upper side wall 40 of the cross-beam 28, at a location inside the cross-beam. As a result, the slip nut housing 104 is rigidly coupled by the cross-beam 28 to the inner legs 24 and 26.",
384
+ "The slip nut assembly 104 also includes a slip nut. The slip nut may be of the one-piece type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,134,731, entitled Adjustable Bed Having Adjustable Height Legs With Synchronization Feature, the entire subject matter of which is hereby incorporated by reference.",
385
+ "Alternatively, and as preferred, the slip nut assembly 104 includes a slip nut 110 as shown and described herein. The slip nut 110 is formed as two separate pieces 112 and 114, as seen in FIGS. 3 and 4. The first and second slip nut halves 112 and 114 are formed by casting or molding. The first and second slip nut halves 112 and 114 are identical to each other.",
386
+ "An upper slip nut pin 116 is formed as one piece with the first slip nut half 112. A lower slip nut pin 118 is formed as one piece with the second slip nut half 114. The upper and lower slip nut pins 116 and 118 project axially from opposite upper and lower end surfaces of the slip nut 110. The two slip nut halves 112 and 114 when placed together as shown in FIG. 3 define an internal thread convolution 120 into which the lead screw 92 is threaded. A plurality of circumferential grooves 122 are formed on the outer surface of the slip nut 110. The grooves 122 do not extend helically but rather extend perpendicular to the drive axis 96.",
387
+ "The slip nut assembly 104 further includes a pair of pressure plates 124 mounted in the slip nut housing 106. The pressure plates 124 have internal grooves 126 that mesh with the external grooves 122 on the slip nut 110 to provide for relative rotation, without relative axial movement, between the slip nut and the pressure plates. The pressure plates 124 are movable laterally in the slip nut housing 106 (left to right as viewed in FIG. 3) but are blocked from rotation within the housing about the axis 96.",
388
+ "A pair of springs 128 are associated with the pressure plates 124. Each spring 128 is biased against its associated pressure plate 124 by a respective set screw 130 that is screwed into the slip nut housing 106. The springs 128 urge the pressure plates radially inward against the slip nut halves 112 and 114, which are, thereby, urged radially inward against the lead screw 92.",
389
+ "The gearbox 140 (FIGS. 2, 5 and 6) is fixed to the frame 60 and is operable to receive rotational force from outside the head end 14 of the bed 10 and, in response, effect rotation of the lead screw 92 about the drive axis 96. The gearbox 140 includes a housing 142. The gearbox housing 142 has a main body portion 144 and an output portion 146 that projects upward from the main body portion. The gearbox 140 is oriented relative to the frame 60 so that the drive axis 96 extends vertically into the output portion 146 of the housing 142. The gearbox 140 is fixed by one or more bolts 148 (FIG. 2), or other means, to the lower cross bar 64 of the frame 60 of the head end 14 of the bed 10.",
390
+ "Two bushings 150 and 152 (FIG. 5) in the main body portion 144 of the housing 142 support a lower input shaft 160 for rotation relative to the housing. The bushing 152 is supported on a vertically extending internal wall 154 of the housing 142. The wall 154 is, for clarity, not shown in FIG. 6.",
391
+ "The lower input shaft 160 is rotatable about an axis 162 that is perpendicular to the drive axis 96. A lower gear assembly 164 is fixed on the lower input shaft 160 for rotation with the lower input shaft, at a location between the two bushings 150 and 152. The lower gear assembly 164 includes a spur gear 166 and a bevel gear 168.",
392
+ "The lower input shaft 160 has first and second opposite end portions 170 and 172. A pair of lower drive pins 174 project radially from the lower input shaft 160 at diametrically opposite locations on the first end portion 170. The lower drive pins 174 are fixed for rotation with the lower input shaft 160. A pair of second drive pins 176 project radially from the second end portion 172 of the lower input shaft 160. The second drive pins 176 are fixed for rotation with the lower input shaft 160.",
393
+ "Two bushings 180 and 182 in the main body portion 144 of the housing 142 support an upper input shaft 190 for rotation relative to the housing. The bushing 180, which is located above the bushing 152 of the lower input shaft 160, is supported on the internal wall 154. The upper input shaft 190 is rotatable about an axis 192 that is perpendicular to the drive axis 96 at a location above and parallel to the lower input shaft 160 and its axis 162. As a result, the upper input shaft 190 is located between the lower input shaft 160 and the output portion 146 of the gearbox housing 142.",
394
+ "An upper gear assembly 194 is fixed on the upper input shaft 190 for rotation with the upper input shaft, at a location between the two bushings 180 and 182. The upper gear assembly 194 includes a spur gear 196 and a bevel gear 198. The upper input shaft 190 has first and second opposite end portions 200 and 202. A pair of upper drive pins 204 project radially from the upper input shaft 190 at diametrically opposite locations on the first end portion 200. The upper drive pins 204 are fixed for rotation with the upper input shaft 190.",
395
+ "The upper gear assembly 194 on the upper input shaft 190 is in meshing engagement with the lower gear assembly 164 on the lower input shaft 160. Specifically, the spur gear 196 on the upper gear assembly 194 is in meshing engagement with the spur gear 166 of the lower gear assembly 164. As a result, rotation of the lower input shaft 160 in either direction about its axis 162 results in rotation of the upper input shaft 190 in the opposite direction of rotation about its own axis 192. Similarly, rotation of the upper input shaft 190 in either direction about its axis 192 results in rotation of the lower input shaft 160 in the opposite direction of rotation about its own axis 162.",
396
+ "The output portion 146 of the housing 142 supports an output gear assembly 208. The output gear assembly 208 includes an output bevel gear 210 that is in meshing engagement with the bevel gear 198 on the upper input shaft 190. The output bevel gear 210 is supported in the output portion 146 of the housing 142, by one or more bushings 212, for rotation about the drive axis 96. An upwardly opening mortise 214 is formed in the output bevel gear 210. The tenon 102 on the lower end portion 100 of the lead screw 92 extends into the mortise 214 in the output bevel gear 210. As a result, the output bevel gear 210 is fixed for rotation with the lead screw 92 about the drive axis 96. Therefore, rotation of either the lower input shaft 160 or the upper input shaft 190 results in rotation of the lead screw 92 about the drive axis 96.",
397
+ "The gearbox housing 142 has several access ports for the input shafts 160 and 190. The main body portion 144 of the gearbox housing 142 has a main access opening 220 adjacent the first end portions 200 and 170 of the upper and lower input shafts 190 and 160, respectively. The main access opening 220 faces the foot end 14a of the bed 10 when the bed is assembled, as shown in FIG. 1. A movable door or cover 222 is pivotally connected to the gearbox housing 142. The door 222 is movable between a first position as shown in solid lines in FIG. 5 and a second position as shown partially in dash-dot lines in FIG. 5. In the first position, the door 222 covers the lower input shaft 160 and makes the upper input shaft 190 accessible from the exterior of the gearbox 140. In the second position, the door 222 covers the upper input shaft 190 and makes the lower input shaft 160 accessible from the exterior of the gearbox 140.",
398
+ "The main body portion 144 of the gearbox housing 142 has a secondary access opening 224 adjacent the second end portion 172 of the lower input shaft 160. The secondary access opening 224 faces away from the foot end 14a of the bed 10 when the bed is assembled. A movable door or cover 226 is pivotally connected to the gearbox housing 142. The door 226 is movable between a first or closed position as shown in solid lines in FIG. 5 in which the door covers the second end portion 172 of the lower input shaft 160, and a second or open position (not shown) in which the door is opened and the lower input shaft 160 is accessible from the exterior of the gearbox 140.",
399
+ "The foot end 14a of the bed 10 (FIG. 1) is identical in construction to the head end 14. Corresponding parts of the foot end 14a are identified herein with reference numerals identical to those of the corresponding parts of the head end 14, but having the suffix \u201ca\u201d attached.",
400
+ "The foot end 14a of the bed 10 is interchangeable with the head end 14. When the bed 10 is assembled as in FIG. 1, the main access opening 220a of the gearbox 140a of the foot end 14a of the bed faces toward the main access opening 220 of the gearbox 140 of the head end 14 of the bed.",
401
+ "Because the head end 14 and the foot end 14a are identical, the main access opening 220a of the foot end gearbox 140a is at the same height off the floor 12 as the main access opening 220 of the head end gearbox 140. The lower input shaft 160a of the foot end gearbox 140a is at the same height off the floor 12 as the lower input shaft 160 of the head end gearbox 140. The upper input shaft 190a of the foot end gearbox 140a is at the same height off the floor 12 as the upper input shaft 190 of the head end gearbox 140.",
402
+ "The bed 10 includes a spring assembly 230 for supporting a mattress (not shown) on which the patient lies. The spring assembly shown includes a head spring 232, a foot spring 234, and a knee unit 236; other spring assemblies can be used. The several parts of the spring assembly 230 may be pivotable relative to each other and relative to the head end 14 and the foot end 14a, in a known manner. The spring assembly 230 is supported by brackets on the movable portions 22 and 22a of the head end 14 and the foot end 14a, respectively, in a known manner, for vertical movement with the movable portions of the head end and the foot end.",
403
+ "The foot spring 234 supports an electric motor shown schematically at 240 (FIG. 1). The electric motor 240 is actuatable in a known manner by one or more controls, such as a pendant (not shown), to raise or lower the spring assembly 230 in a manner described below.",
404
+ "The bed 10 includes a drive tube assembly 250 for transmitting rotary force from the electric motor 240 to the head end 14 of the bed, and from the electric motor 240 to the foot end 14a of the bed. The drive tube assembly 250 includes a first drive tube section 252. The first drive tube section 252 extends between and interconnects the motor 240 and the head end 14 of the bed 10. The drive tube assembly 250 also includes a second drive tube section 254. The second drive tube section 254 extends between and interconnects the motor 240 and the foot end 14a of the bed 10.",
405
+ "The first drive tube section 252 is connected with the motor 240 in a known manner so that the first drive tube section is rotatable in a first direction of rotation, relative to both the head end 14 of the bed and the foot end 14a of the bed, upon \u201craising\u201d actuation of the motor. The first drive tube section 252 is rotatable in a second direction of rotation opposite the first direction, upon \u201clowering\u201d actuation of the motor 240.",
406
+ "The second drive tube section 254 is connected with the motor 240 in a known manner so that the second drive tube section is rotatable in the same first direction of rotation upon \u201craising\u201d actuation of the motor, and rotatable in the same second direction of rotation opposite the first direction, upon \u201clowering\u201d actuation of the motor. Thus, the first drive tube section 252 and the second drive tube section 254 are coupled for rotation with each other in the same direction of rotation, relative to the head end 14 and the foot end 14a of the bed 10, upon actuation of the electric motor 240.",
407
+ "A typical position for the parts of the bed 10 is shown schematically in FIG. 1. The first drive tube section 252 extends from the electric motor 240 to the upper input shaft 190 of the gearbox 140 on the head end 14 of the bed 10, as shown in dash-dot lines in FIG. 5. The drive pins 204 on the upper input shaft 190 of the gearbox 140 of the head end 14 couple the upper input shaft for rotation with the first drive tube section 252.",
408
+ "The second drive tube section 254 extends from the electric motor 240 to the lower input shaft 160a (not shown) of the gearbox 140a on the foot end 14a of the bed 10. The drive pins 174a (not shown) on the upper input shaft 160a of the gearbox 140a of the foot end 14a couple the lower input shaft 160a for rotation with the second drive tube section 254.",
409
+ "As a result, the connection between the drive tube assembly 250 and the head end 14 of the bed 10 is at a different vertical height off the floor 12 than the connection between the drive tube assembly and the foot end 14a of the bed, even though the two gearboxes 140 and 140a are each, as a whole, at the same vertical height off the floor.",
410
+ "Upon actuation of the motor 240 in a direction of rotation so as to raise the bed 10, the drive tube assembly 250 rotates in a first direction of rotation relative to the head end 14 and the foot end 14a of the bed. The first drive tube section 252 and the second drive tube section 254 both rotate in the first direction of rotation. The first direction of rotation is generally perpendicular to the axes of rotation 96 and 96a of the lead screws 92 and 92a, respectively.",
411
+ "The first drive tube section 252, which is coupled for rotation with the upper input shaft 190 of the gearbox 140 of the head end 14, causes the upper input shaft to rotate in the first direction of rotation, for example, clockwise as viewed in FIG. 6 as indicated by the arrow 253. The rotation of the upper input shaft 190 is transmitted through the upper bevel gear 198 (FIG. 5) into the output shaft 208 and thence into the lead screw 92 of the head end 14 of the bed 10.",
412
+ "The lead screw 92 rotates about the drive axis 96. The rotation of the lead screw 92 constitutes rotation relative to the slip nut 110. Because the lead screw 92 and the slip nut 110 are threadedly engaged, this relative rotation produces relative axial movement between the lead screw and the slip nut.",
413
+ "The relative axial movement between the lead screw 92 and the slip nut 110 is produced because the slip nut does not rotate on the lead screw. The slip nut 110 does not rotate because of the pressure plates 124 of the nut assembly 104. Specifically, the pressure plates 124 are mounted non-rotatably about the axis 96 in the nut housing 106. The radially inwardly directed force exerted by the pressure plate springs 128, urging the pressure plates 124 against the slip nut halves 112 and 114, is normally strong enough so that the abutting engagement of the pressure plates and the slip nut halves couples the slip nut to the pressure plates and thus prevents the slip nut from rotating on the lead screw 92. When the lead screw 92 is driven to rotate about its axis 96, therefore, the rotational force transmitted from the lead screw to the slip nut is not great enough to overcome this holding force exerted by the pressure plates 124 on the slip nut, and the slip nut does not rotate with the lead screw. Instead, the slip nut 110 translates along the screw 92 (or vice versa), producing relative axial movement between the nut housing 106 and the screw.",
414
+ "The relative axial movement that results is movement of the lead screw 92 and not the nut 110, for the following reasons. The slip nut 110 is mounted in the nut housing 106, which is fixed to the cross-beam 28 of the fixed portion 20 of the head end 14 of the bed 10. The fixed portion 20 of the bed 10 rests on the floor 12, supporting the movable portion 22 of the head end 14 off the floor. As a result, force tending to produce relative axial movement between the slip nut housing 104 and the lead screw 92 tends to cause the movable portion 22 of the head end 14, including the lead screw 92, to move axially in space relative to the floor 12 as it rotates about the drive axis.",
415
+ "Because the lead screw 92 is fixed in position vertically on the frame 60, the vertical movement of the lead screw 92 drives the entire movable portion 22 of the head end 14 vertically upward, relative to the fixed portion 20 of the head end. The frame 60 of the head end 14, and the gearbox 140, move vertically with the lead screw 96 relative to the floor 12.",
416
+ "The structure of the fixed portion 20 of the head end 14 is advantageous as follows. Axially directed force from the slip nut housing 106 is transmitted directly into the rigid cross-beam 28, to which the slip nut housing is fixed. This force is transmitted directly into the inner legs 24 and 26, to which the cross-beam 28 is rigidly fixed. As a result, no cables or pulleys, such as those shown in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,134,731, are needed in the head end 14 of the bed 10.",
417
+ "The slip nut assembly 104 is operative to limit upward and downward travel of the movable portion 22 of the head end 14 of the bed 10, in a manner similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,134,731 discussed above. Specifically, when the lead screw 92 reaches its end of downward travel relative to the slip nut 110, the radially extending pin 98 (FIG. 3) on the rotating screw contacts the axially projecting pin 116 on the slip nut 110. This engagement couples the slip nut 110 for rotation with the lead screw 92, overcoming the holding force of pressure plates 124. As the slip nut 110 rotates thereafter, it rotates within the pressure plates 124 and thus within the slip nut housing 104. Because the slip nut 110 is rotating with the lead screw 92, it is no longer translating along the lead screw, and the slip nut no longer transmits axial force from the lead screw to the nut housing 106. This eliminates further relative vertical movement between the lead screw 92 and the slip nut 110, and the movable portion 22 of the head end 14 ceases vertical movement relative to the fixed portion 20 of the head end.",
418
+ "The above-described construction of the slip nut 100 is advantageous as follows. Because the slip nut 100 can be cast or molded, no costly machining process is needed. In addition, the axially projecting pins 116 and 118 can be formed as one piece with the remainder of the slip nut 110, simplifying the manufacturing process. Because the two slip nut halves 112 and 114 are identical, only one mold is needed. Also, when the slip nut 110 rotates at its end of travel as described above, the parting line between the two slip nut halves 112 and 114 makes an audible clicking noise that can signal the user of the bed of the end of travel condition.",
419
+ "At the same time that the first drive tube section 252 is driving the lead screw 92 of the head end 14 to move the head end upward, the second drive tube section 254 is driving the lead screw 92a of the foot end 14a of the bed 10 to move the foot end upward. FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of parts of the bed 10 that illustrates the directions of movement of the parts. The second drive tube section 254 is coupled (not shown) to the lower input shaft 160a of the gearbox 140a of the foot end 14a. Upon actuation of the motor 240 to raise the head end 14 of the bed 10 as described above, the second drive tube section 254 rotates in the same first direction of rotation in space relative to the head end 14 and the foot end 14a of the bed.",
420
+ "The rotation of the second drive tube section 254 causes the lower input shaft 160a of the foot end 14 to rotate in the first direction of rotation, which is counter-clockwise if looking at the great box 140a as viewed in FIG. 6 because the foot end 14a faces the opposite direction from the head end 14. This rotation of the lower input shaft 160a is transmitted through the bevel gears 164a and 194a into the upper input shaft 190a, causing the upper input shaft 190a to rotate in the opposite direction, that is, a clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 6. This rotation of the upper input shaft 190a is transmitted into the output shaft 208a and thence into the lead screw 92a of the foot end 14a of the bed 10.",
421
+ "The lead screw 92a of the foot end 14a of the bed 10 rotates about its drive axis 96a within the foot end of the bed. This screw rotation within the foot end 14a is in the same direction in space as the direction of rotation of the lead screw 92 within the head end 14 of the bed 10. As a result, the rotation of the lead screw 92a of the foot end 14a causes the movable portion 22a of the foot end of the bed 10 to move vertically relative to the floor 12 in the same direction as the head end 14 is moving.",
422
+ "Thus, both ends 14 and 14a of the bed 10 move vertically in the same direction\u2014upward or downward as viewed in FIGS. 6 and 7\u2014because the drive tube assembly 250 is connected with different input points in the two gearboxes 140 and 140a. This simultaneous movement occurs even though the first drive tube section 252 and the second drive tube section 254 are rotating in the same direction relative to the other parts of the assembled bed 10. This result is achieved in the bed 10 by coupling the second drive tube section 254 with the lower input shaft 160a of the gearbox 140a of the foot end 14a whenever the first drive tube section 252 is coupled with the upper input shaft 190 of the gearbox 140 of the head end 14 of the bed 10 (or vice versa).",
423
+ "When the movable portion 22 of the head end 14 of the bed 10 and the movable portion 22a of the foot end 14a of the bed move vertically, the bed spring assembly 230 moves vertically also, relative to the floor 12, as desired. This has the effect of raising or lowering a patient who is lying on the bed spring assembly 230.",
424
+ "It can thus be seen that, in the bed 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1\u20137, the bed end 14 is interchangeable with the bed end 14a, thus making the bed ends \u201cuniversal\u201d. As a result, when parts of a bed 10 are selected from a warehouse for delivery to a home customer, any two bed ends 14 can be selected; there is no need to pick a \u201chead end\u201d and a distinct \u201cfoot end\u201d. This can eliminate trips back to the warehouse if an incorrect selection is made and discovered at the time of setting up the bed 10 in the home. In addition, this \u201cuniversal\u201d quality of the bed end 14 can make it unnecessary to manufacture two different bed ends for use in the bed 10.",
425
+ "The bed end 10 described above incorporates an elevating mechanism including the cross-beam 28 that is rigidly tied between the inner legs 24 and 26. The cross-beam 28 receives force from the lead screw 92 via the slip nut 110 and the slip nut housing 104, and transmits that force to the inner legs 24 and 26. It should be understood that other types of elevating mechanisms could be used. For example, FIG. 8 illustrates a prior art bed end shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,134,731. The bed end shown in FIG. 8 includes an elevating mechanism that uses pulleys and cables to transmit force between the slip nut housing and the inner legs of the bed end. This is one type of alternative elevating mechanism that is usable in a universal bed end 14 as described above.",
426
+ "FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a gearbox hi/lo crank 260 for use in the head end 14 of the bed 10. Prior art home articulating bed designs that are semi electric beds (manual hi/lo) have a die cast primary crank with a folding handle. The crank is permanently fixed to the gearbox. Because the crank has to be located at the foot end of the bed (projecting out into the room from the outer major side surface of the foot end), then by default the bed end that has the crank must be used as the foot end; the head end and the foot end are not interchangeable.",
427
+ "Some beds also include an emergency crank that is a simple wire-form crank for emergency use only. This has one end adapted to engage the articulation motors and the other end adapted to engage the hi/lo gearbox. By virtue of its light weight construction this crank is not suitable for extended use.",
428
+ "The crank 260 (FIGS. 9 and 10) of the present invention includes a two-part handle 262 that is hinged at 264 to reduce its size when installed. A slotted tube 266 projects from the handle 262. The tube 266 has a cylindrical configuration adapted to fit over the second end portion 172 of the lower input shaft 160 of the gearbox 140 when the door 276 is pivoted upward, as shown in FIG. 10. A pair of diametrically opposed slots 268 in the tube 266 fit over the drive pins 176 on the second end portion 172 of the lower input shaft 160. The tube 266 is made from steel and is strong enough together with the other parts of the crank 260 to raise or lower the bed 10 repeatedly over the lifetime of the bed end 14 without deformation.",
429
+ "The crank 260 also includes a detent member 270. In the illustrated embodiment, the detent member 270 is a U-shaped wire spring having a base portion 272 crimped onto the tube 266. Two resilient leg portions 274 of the wire spring 270 project from the base portion 272. Each one of the leg portions 274 has a bent end portion 276 adapted to engage (fit behind) one of the drive pins 176 on the lower input shaft 160.",
430
+ "To assemble the crank 260 to the gearbox 140, the user places the tube 266 of the crank over the second end portion 172 of the lower input shaft 160. The slots 268 in the tube 266 are fitted over the drive pins 176. As the tube 266 is slid axially over the input shaft 160, the bent end portions 276 of the legs 274 of the wire spring 270 engage the drive pins 176 and are cammed away from the drive pins to allow the tube to slide fully onto the input shaft.",
431
+ "When the drive pins 176 reach the ends of the slots 268, the wire spring legs 274 resiliently move back into their starting position. In this position, the drive pins 176 engage the bent end portions 276 of the wire spring legs 274. This engagement resists removal of the tube 266 from the input shaft 160, without a strong pull. Thus, the crank 260 is fixedly but not permanently attached to the gearbox 140 and may be used with the gearbox for so long as the bed 10 is assembled in that location. When the bed 10 is to be disassembled, the crank 260 can be removed by the dealer.",
432
+ "The crank 260 is strong enough to be used as an everyday crank for hi/lo purposes, or for emergency (power failure) operations. Nevertheless, the crank 260 is removable from the input shaft 160 by the dealer so that it can be placed on either bed end 14 or 14a during assembly of the bed 10. Because the crank 260 is removable from the bed end 14 and usable on another bed end 14, this helps to make the bed ends 14 and 14a universal\u2014that is, interchangeable at either end of the bed 10, in comparison to a bed end having a permanently affixed crank.",
433
+ "FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate an alternative gearbox 140a for use in the head end 14 or foot end 14a of the bed 10. The gearbox 140a is similar to the gearbox 140 (FIGS. 1\u20136), and parts that are the same or similar are given the same reference numerals with the suffix \u201ca\u201d added.",
434
+ "The gearbox 140a includes a housing 142a. The housing 142a has a main body portion 144a and an outlet portion 146a that projects upward from the main body portion. The gearbox 140a is mounted on the frame, in a manner not shown, so that the drive axis 96a extends vertically into the outlet portion 146a of the housing 142a.",
435
+ "Two bushings 150a and 152a in the main body portion 144a of the housing 142a support a single input shaft 280 for rotation relative to the housing. The input shaft 280 is rotatable about an axis 282 that is perpendicular to the drive axis 96a.",
436
+ "The input shaft 280 has first and second opposite end portions 284 and 286. A first gear assembly 288 is fixed on the input shaft 280 for rotation with the input shaft, adjacent the first end portion 284 of the input shaft. A second gear assembly 290 is fixed on the input shaft 280 for rotation with the input shaft, adjacent the second end portion 286 of the input shaft. The second gear assembly 290 is spaced apart from the first gear assembly 288.",
437
+ "A pair of drive pins 292 project radially from the input shaft 280 at diametrically opposite locations on the first end portion 284. The drive pins 292 are fixed for rotation with the input shaft 280. The gearbox housing 142a has a single access opening 294 adjacent the first end portion 284 of the input shaft 280. The access opening 294 is not covered by a door.",
438
+ "The output portion 144a of the housing 140a supports an output bevel gear 210a that is located between the first and second gear assemblies 288 and 290 on the input shaft 280. The output bevel gear 210a is supported in the output portion 144a of the housing 140a, by one or more bushings 212a, for rotation about the drive axis 96a. The output bevel gear 210a has a mortise and tenon connection 296 to the lead screw 92a, as described above with reference to FIG. 5. As a result, the lead screw 92a is fixed for rotation with the output bevel gear 210a about the drive axis 96a.",
439
+ "The input shaft 280 is supported by the bushings 150a and 152a, for sliding movement relative to the housing 142a in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation 282 of the drive shaft. The input shaft 280 includes a locator pin 300 (FIGS. 11 and 12) that projects radially from a location between the first and second gear assemblies 288 and 290. The locator pin 300 is received in a U-shaped slot 302 in the housing. The slot 302 has first and second end portions 304 and 306 and a central portion 308.",
440
+ "When the locator pin 300 is in the first end portion 304 of the slot 302, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the first gear assembly 288 on the input shaft 280 is in meshing engagement with the output bevel gear 210a. As a result, rotation of the input shaft 280 in a first direction about the axis 282 results in rotation of the output bevel gear 210a, and the lead screw 92a, in a first direction of rotation about the drive axis 96a.",
441
+ "When the locator pin 300 is in the second end portion 306 of the slot 302, the input shaft 280 is moved axially from the position shown in FIG. 11, and the second gear assembly 290 on the input shaft is in meshing engagement with the output bevel gear 210a. Therefore, rotation of the input shaft 280 in the first direction about the axis 282 results in rotation of the output bevel gear 210a, and the lead screw 92a, in a second or opposite direction of rotation about the drive axis 96a.",
442
+ "As a result, the bed end 14 to which the gearbox 140a is attached can be used at either end of the bed 10, and still provides simultaneous upward or downward movement of both bed ends, simply by moving the input shaft 280 from one position to the other. Therefore, a bed 10, having two identical bed ends 14 with gearboxes 140a of the type shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, can use the two bed ends interchangeably simply by adjusting the gearbox as described above.",
443
+ "FIG. 13 illustrates another alternative gearbox 140b for use in the head end or foot end of the bed 10. The gearbox 140b is similar in construction and operation to the gearbox 140a (FIGS. 11 and 12). Parts of the gearbox 140b that are the same as or similar to corresponding parts of the gearbox 140a are given the same reference numerals with the suffix \u201cb\u201d attached.",
444
+ "The gearbox 140b (FIG. 13) includes an input shaft 280b that is supported for sliding movement relative to the housing 142b in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the input shaft. Disposed between the two gear assemblies 288b and 290b on the input shaft 280b is a control portion 310 of the input shaft. The control portion 310 includes two circumferential grooves 312 and 314 spaced axially from each other. The gearbox 310 also includes a locator pin 316. The locator pin 316 is supported on the housing 142b for in-and-out (radial) sliding movement relative to the housing and to the input shaft 280b.",
445
+ "When the locator pin 316 is in the first groove 312 on the input shaft 280b, as shown in FIG. 13, the first gear assembly 288b on the input shaft 280b is in meshing engagement with the output bevel gear 210b. As a result, rotation of the input shaft 280b in a first direction about the axis 282b results in rotation of the output bevel gear 210b, and the lead screw 92b, in a first direction of rotation about the drive axis 96b.",
446
+ "The locator pin 316 can be pulled out of the first groove 312 against the bias of a spring 318 to enable the input shaft 280b to be moved axially until the second groove 314 is located radially inward of the locator pin. The locator pin 316 can then be released and the spring 318 will hold it in the second groove 314. In this position, the second gear assembly 290b on the input shaft 280b is in meshing engagement with the output bevel gear 210b. Therefore, rotation of the input shaft 280b in the first direction about the axis 282b results in rotation of the output bevel gear 210b, and the lead screw 92b, in a second or opposite direction of rotation about the drive axis 96b.",
447
+ "As a result, the bed end 14 to which the gearbox 140b is attached can be used at either end of the bed 10, and still provide simultaneous upward or downward movement at both bed ends 14 and 14a, simply by moving the input shaft 280b axially from one position to the other. Therefore, a bed 10, having two identical bed ends with gearboxes 140b of the type shown in FIG. 13, can use the two bed ends interchangeably simply by adjusting the gearbox as described above.",
448
+ "FIGS. 14\u201317 illustrate some alternative corner plate (bracket) designs for use in the head end 14 or foot end 14a of the bed 10. The corner plates shown in FIGS. 14\u201317 can be used with other bed ends, and, specifically, with other bed ends that do not have one of the gearbox designs 140, 140a or 140b, or the elevating mechanism described above. The corner plates are designed to enable a bed end to which the corner plates are attached, to be reversed front to back and still function to support a spring assembly of the bed. This feature makes the bed ends more easily used at either end of the bed 10.",
449
+ "The corner plates are shown with bed ends 14b, 14c, and 14d that are similar in construction and operation to the bed end 14. The bed end 14b (FIG. 14) includes first and second corner plates 320 and 322 that are mirror images of each other and that extend from first and second opposite major side surfaces 324 and 326 of the bed end 14b.",
450
+ "When the bed end 14b is assembled in a bed 10 so that the first corner plate 320 is to be used (for example with a frame rail or a spring assembly shown partially at 328), the first corner plate 320 is uncovered. A wall protector 330 is placed over the unused second corner plate 322. As a result, the first corner plate 320 is available for use, and the second corner plate 322 is protected and covered to prevent contact with the wall if the bed end 14b is placed with the second corner plate facing the wall.",
451
+ "When the bed end 14b is assembled in a bed 10 so that the second corner plate 322 is to be used, the second corner plate is uncovered (not shown). The wall protector 330 is placed over the unused first corner plate 320. As a result, the second corner plate 322 is available for use, and the first corner plate 320 is protected from contact with the wall.",
452
+ "In this manner, the bed end 14b can be assembled in a bed 10 so that either the first major side surface 324 or the second major side surface 326 of the bed end faces the other parts of the assembled bed 10, and a corner plate 320 and 322 will be available to support the spring assembly or frame rails 328 of the bed.",
453
+ "The bed end 14c (FIG. 15) includes a corner plate assembly 332 including first and second corner plates 334 and 336 that are mirror images of each other and that are extendible from first and second opposite major side surfaces 338 and 340 of the bed end. The corner plate assembly 332 includes a central portion 342 that is fixed by rivets 356, or in another manner, to a side surface 348 of the bed end 14c.",
454
+ "The first corner plate 334 is hinged to the central portion 342. The first corner plate 334 is pivotally movable between a first position in which it projects from the first major side surface 38 of the bed end 14c as shown in FIG. 15, and a second position (not shown) in which the first corner plate lies flat against the first major side surface.",
455
+ "The second corner plate 336 is also hinged to the central portion 342. The second corner plate 336 is pivotally movable between a first position in which it projects from the second major side surface 340 of the bed end 14c as shown in FIG. 15, and a second position (not shown) in which the second corner plate lies flat against the second major side surface.",
456
+ "When the bed end 14c is to be assembled in a bed 10 with the first major side surface 338 facing the opposite end of the bed, the first corner plate 334 is swung into the operative position shown in FIG. 15. The frame rail or spring assembly shown partially at 328 is attached to the first corner plate 334. When this is done, the second corner plate 336 can be laid flat against the second major side surface 340 of the bed end 14c, out of the way.",
457
+ "When the bed end 14c is to be assembled in a bed 10 with the second major side surface 340 facing the opposite end of the bed, the second corner plate 336 is swung into the operative position shown in FIG. 15. A frame rail or spring assembly such as shown partially at 328 is attached to the second corner plate 336. When this is done, the first corner plate 334 can be laid flat against the first major side surface 338 of the bed end 14c, out of the way.",
458
+ "In this manner, the bed end 14c can be assembled in a bed 10 so that either the first major side surface 338 or the second major side surface 340 of the bed end faces the other parts of the assembled bed, and a corner plate 334 or 336 will be available to support the spring assembly or frame rails 328 of the bed.",
459
+ "The bed end 14d (FIG. 16) includes a single corner plate 350 that is movable between first and second opposite major side surfaces 352 and 354 of the bed end 14d. The bed end has two support pins 356 for supporting the corner plate 350. The support pins 356 project from the side 358 of the bed end 14d.",
460
+ "The bed end 14d also has a lock member indicated schematically at 360. The lock member 360 may be a pin, for example, that is movable vertically on the bed end 14d along a slot 362. The corner plate 350 has two notches 364 for receiving the support pins 356 on the bed end 14d.",
461
+ "When the bed end 14d is assembled in a bed 10 so that the corner plate 350 is to be used projecting from the first major side surface 352 of the bed end (for example with a frame rail or a spring assembly shown partially at 328), the corner plate 350 is assembled as shown attached in FIG. 16 with the pins 356 received in the notches 364. The lock member 360 is moved into a locking position against the corner plate 350 to hold the corner plate in position on the bed end 14d.",
462
+ "When the bed end 14d is assembled in a bed 10 so that the corner plate 350 is to be used projecting from the second major side surface 354 of the bed end, the corner plate is removed and switched to the other side of the bed end, as shown to the left in FIG. 16. The corner plate 350 is hooked onto the support pins 356, and the locking mechanism 360 is used to hold the corner plate in that position on the bed end 14d.",
463
+ "In this manner, the bed end 14d can be assembled in a bed 10 so that either the first major side surface 352 or the second major side surface 354 of the bed end faces the other parts of the assembled bed, and a corner plate 350 will be available to support the spring assembly or frame rails 328 of the bed.",
464
+ "FIG. 17 illustrates the use of the bed end 14d with a spring assembly or frame rail 370 that has notches for receiving the support pins 356 on the bed end. In this case, a separate corner plate, such as the corner plate 350, is not needed. The support pins 356 function as the reversible corner plate. The spring assembly or frame rail 370 is supportable from either major side surface 352 or 354 of the bed end 14d.",
465
+ "The parts of the bed end 14 shown in FIGS. 1\u20136 are structural and operational parts for controlling at least one operational aspect of the bed, specifically, elevation of the bed. A bed end 14 in accordance with the present invention also includes a bed end cover for enclosing and covering the operational and structural parts. Several alternative covers are shown, in FIGS. 18\u201321.",
466
+ "The preferred material for these bed end covers is an engineered plastic. The selected material should be washable without being affected by water or solvents and without absorbing moisture. The selected material should also be scratch resistant, impact resistant, and ultraviolet resistant. Also, the material should be able to be molded or extruded with a single color throughout. Suitable materials include but are not limited to HDPE, ABS, and PVC.",
467
+ "The materials typically used for prior art decorative/covering panels in home care adjustable beds are paper or fiberboard covered in vinyl laminate. This material can scratch completely through the laminate, absorbs moisture when washed, does not have high impact resistance, and is not ultraviolet resistant. In addition, such a cover is manufactured by dropping the various panels of the cover into a fixture, then screwing or gluing them together. This is a time and labor-intensive operation.",
468
+ "An engineered plastic bed end cover is easier to handle, because it is impact and scratch resistant. It is also quicker to assemble in the plant. It is also washable when returned from home use to the dealer, for use by another patient, as is required. It is cost effective to manufacture, more durable, and stronger. In addition, the use of molded plastic for the bed end cover allows for color variations and therefore more artistic quality to the bed end, as well as different physical profiles or configurations for the bed end.",
469
+ "The cover 400 (FIGS. 18 and 19) is one example of a plastic bed end cover that is constructed in accordance with the present invention. The cover 400 is a hollow cover for enclosing and covering the operational and structural assembly shown in FIG. 2. This cover 400 is extremely easy to assemble to the structural and operational parts of the bed end 14 as shown in FIG. 2, for example. It is also easy to manufacture and handle.",
470
+ "The cover 400 is a one-piece plastic cover having an interior major side panel 402 that faces inward toward the opposite end of the bed 10 when assembled, and an opposite exterior major side panel 404. The cover 400 is preferably made by blow molding. A preferred material is HDPE (high density polyethylene).",
471
+ "The cover 400 also has an upper edge portion 406 interconnecting the interior and exterior major side panel, panels 402 and 404. First and second opposite side edge portions 408 and 410 of the cover 400 interconnect the interior and exterior major side panels 402 and 404 adjacent the first and second legs (shown in phantom in FIG. 18) of the bed end. The cover 400 further has a lower edge portion 412 extending between the first and second opposite side edge portions 408 and 410. The cover 400 has an open bottom edge 414 for enabling sliding movement of the hollow cover over the operational and structural assembly in a direction between the upper edge portion 406 and the lower edge portion 412 of the cover (as indicated by the arrow 416).",
472
+ "The cover 400 illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19 has two optional openings 418 extending through the bed end cover between the interior major side panel 402 and the exterior major side panel 404. The two openings 418 are disposed adjacent the upper edge portion 406 of the cover 400. Each one of the two openings 418 has a lower edge 420 that extends parallel to the lower edge portion 412 of the cover 400. As a result, a supporting assembly, such as a trapeze (not shown), can be clamped onto the bed end 14 between the lower edge 420 of one of the openings 418, and the lower edge portion 412 of the cover 400.",
473
+ "The cover 430 (FIG. 20) is another example of a plastic bed end cover that is constructed in accordance with the present invention. The cover 430 is a hollow cover for enclosing and covering the operational and structural assembly or parts of a bed end. The cover 430 has a three-piece plastic construction including a central panel 432 and two identical end caps 433 (only one of which is shown).",
474
+ "The central panel 432 is a one-piece extrusion preferably made from PVC. The central panel 432 includes an interior major side panel 434 that faces the opposite end of the bed 10 when assembled, and an opposite exterior major side panel 436. The panels 434 and 436 are joined by an upper edge panel 438 in an upside-down U-shaped configuration to form the central panel 432.",
475
+ "The interior major side panel 434 has a planar configuration with a rectangular rib 440 forming a bottom end portion of the panel. Similarly, the exterior major side panel 436 has a planar configuration with a rectangular rib 442 forming a bottom end portion of the panel. The upper edge panel 438 forms a similar rectangular configuration with the top edge portions 444 and 446 of the interior and exterior major side panels 434 and 436, respectively.",
476
+ "The end caps 433 may be made from ABS. The end cap 433 has a generally planar configuration. The end cap 433 has three flanges 450, 452 and 454 that matingly engage three edges, 456 of the central panel 432, to secure the end cap to the central panel. The end cap 433 has a more rigid construction than the central panel 432, and, as a result, can help to rigidify the assembled cover 430.",
477
+ "The cover 430 has an open bottom edge 462 for enabling sliding movement of the hollow cover over the operational and structural assembly in a direction between the upper edge panel 438 and the bottom edge of the cover, as indicated by the arrow 464.",
478
+ "This cover 430 is therefore easy to assemble to the structural and operational parts of the bed end 14 as shown in FIG. 2, for example. It is also easy to manufacture and handle, and has the other advantages discussed above with reference to the embodiment of FIGS. 18 and 19.",
479
+ "The cover 470 (FIG. 20) is a third example of a plastic bed end cover that is constructed in accordance with the present invention. The cover 470 is a hollow cover for enclosing and covering the operational and structural assembly.",
480
+ "The cover 470 is similar to the cover 430 (FIG. 20) with the exception that the central panel 472 in the cover 430 is made from three pieces, not one. Specifically, the central panel 470 is formed as an interior major side panel 474, an exterior major side panel 476, and an upper edge panel 478. The three panels 474\u2013478 when joined together to form the central panel 472 have an upside-down U-shaped configuration. The cover 470 otherwise has the all advantages and feature described above with respect to the cover 430 (FIG. 20).",
481
+ "From the above description of the invention, those skilled in the art will perceive improvements, changes, and modifications in the invention. Such improvements, changes, and modifications within the skill of the art are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims."
482
+ ],
483
+ "citations": [
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+ "2522759",
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+ "3015113",
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+ "3105246",
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+ "4846011",
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+ "5134731",
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+ "5685035",
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+ "5713091",
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+ "5802639",
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+ "5964347",
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+ "6000077",
494
+ "6230344",
495
+ "855930",
496
+ "WO 2004/037043"
497
+ ],
498
+ "us_classification": "5 11",
499
+ "international_classifications": [
500
+ {
501
+ "classification_level": "A",
502
+ "section": "A",
503
+ "classification_class": "61",
504
+ "subclass": "G",
505
+ "main_group": "7",
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+ "subgroup": "00"
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ }
json_patents/06983496.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Ramp and rail system for a child's crib or bed",
3
+ "abstract": "A system for attachment to a child's crib combining a side rail and a ramp structure that serve to prevent the child from rolling out during sleep, and at the same time provide a means for the child to climb or crawl into or out from the crib. Components include a side rail fixed to the crib at each end by removable straps or the like, and rigidly connected to a pair of legs that slide between the mattress and box spring of the crib. A generally larger ramp component extends pivotally outward and downward from the side rail component to a point in contact with the floor. Embodiments include multiple hinged components within the ramp system to allow alternate positioning of the ramp (in whole or in parts) in an extended or a collapsed configuration.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Hern\u00e1ndez"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983496",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [],
10
+ "claims": [
11
+ {
12
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
13
+ "preamble": "1. A system for allowing access to, and egress from, a child's crib by the child using said crib, said crib positioned on a support surface and having an elevated sleeping surface enclosed on three of four sides, said child being too small to easily access the height of said sleeping surface on said crib but agile enough to climb an inclined surface to such a height, the system comprising:",
14
+ "components": [
15
+ {
16
+ "component": "a ramp frame positioned proximate to said crib, said frame defining an inclined plane extending continuously from a location adjacent said elevated sleeping surface of said crib along an unenclosed one of said four sides of said elevated sleeping surface, to a location on said support surface apart from said crib, said ramp frame having a width approximately equal to a width of said unenclosed one of said four sides of said elevated sleeping surface; and",
17
+ "subcomponents": []
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "a ramp surface positioned on and attached to said ramp frame, said ramp surface further defining said inclined plane and providing the surface to said inclined plane extending continuously from said elevated sleeping surface to said support surface, said ramp surface capable of supporting the weight of said child ascending or descending between said elevated sleeping surface and said support surface.",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ }
23
+ ]
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
27
+ "preamble": "2. The system of claim 1 wherein said ramp frame is pivotally attached to said crib at at least one point along said width of said unenclosed one of said four sides of said elevated sleeping surface.",
28
+ "components": []
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
32
+ "preamble": "3. The system of claim 2 wherein said ramp frame further comprises a plurality of hinge joints, said hinge joints allowing said frame to be folded so as to collapse against the side of said crib in a manner that allows direct access to the side of said crib.",
33
+ "components": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
37
+ "preamble": "4. The system of claim 3 wherein said ramp frame comprises first and second ramp elements and said ramp surface comprises first and second surface elements, each of said ramp elements defining a divided portion of said inclined plane, each of said ramp elements independently foldable against the side of said crib and independently extendable to said support surface.",
38
+ "components": []
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
42
+ "preamble": "5. The system of claim 2 wherein said ramp fame is removably attachable to said crib and further comprises a plurality of pivoting, releasable connectors.",
43
+ "components": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
47
+ "preamble": "6. The system of claim 5 wherein said plurality of pivoting, releasable connectors each comprise a spring-loaded/closing, hand-operable/opening, engagement hook capable of being hooked onto said crib and holding said ramp frame captive on said crib when released.",
48
+ "components": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
52
+ "preamble": "7. The system of claim 1 further comprising a railing positioned on and attached to said crib so as to provide low level closure of said unenclosed side of said sleeping surface, said low level closure extending fully across said open side of said sleeping surface and above said sleeping surface but below a level of enclosure on the remaining three sides, said railing comprising and providing a point of attachment between said ramp frame and said crib.",
53
+ "components": []
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
57
+ "preamble": "8. The system of claim 7 wherein said ramp frame is pivotally attached to said railing.",
58
+ "components": []
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
62
+ "preamble": "9. The system of claim 8 , wherein said ramp frame is removably attachable to said railing and further comprises a plurality of pivoting, releasable connectors.",
63
+ "components": []
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
67
+ "preamble": "10. The system of claim 9 wherein said plurality of pivoting, releasable connectors each comprise a spring-loaded/closing, hand-operable/opening, engagement hook capable of being hooked onto said railing and holding said railing captive when released.",
68
+ "components": []
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
72
+ "preamble": "11. The system of claim 7 wherein said crib comprises corner posts and said system further comprises attachment straps for securing said railing to said crib at least one of said corner posts.",
73
+ "components": []
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
77
+ "preamble": "12. The system or claim 7 wherein said railing further comprises at least one under mattress leg, said at least one leg providing a rigid support to help maintain said railing in an upright position adjacent said sleeping surface.",
78
+ "components": []
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
82
+ "preamble": "13. The system of claim 7 wherein said railing comprises a horizontal top bar and a horizontal bottom bar and a plurality of vertical rungs extending between said top bar and said bottom bar.",
83
+ "components": []
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
87
+ "preamble": "14. The system of claim 13 wherein said horizontal bottom bar comprises upper and lower parallel bottom bar elements, said plurality of vertical rungs extending from said upper bottom bar element and said ramp frame is attached to said upper bottom bar element.",
88
+ "components": []
89
+ },
90
+ {
91
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
92
+ "preamble": "15. The system of claim 7 wherein said ramp frame further comprises a plurality of hinge joints, said hinge joints allowing said frame to be folded so as to collapse against the side of said railing and said crib in a manner that allows direct access to the side of said crib.",
93
+ "components": []
94
+ },
95
+ {
96
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
97
+ "preamble": "16. The system of claim 15 wherein said ramp frame comprises first and second ramp elements and said ramp surface comprises first and second surface elements, each of said ramp elements defining a divided portion of said inclined plane, each of said ramp elements independently foldable against the side of said railing and said crib and independently extendable to said support surface.",
98
+ "components": []
99
+ },
100
+ {
101
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
102
+ "preamble": "17. The system of claim 1 wherein said ramp frame comprises a plurality of tubular components connected together by a plurality of joint components.",
103
+ "components": []
104
+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
107
+ "preamble": "18. The system of claim 1 wherein said ramp surface comprises a fabric material stretched across and secured to said ramp frame.",
108
+ "components": []
109
+ },
110
+ {
111
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
112
+ "preamble": "19. The system of claim 18 wherein said fabric material comprises an open mesh fabric constructed of soft polyester fibers.",
113
+ "components": []
114
+ }
115
+ ],
116
+ "description": [
117
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
118
+ "The present invention relates generally to furniture and furnishings for baby nurseries and child bedrooms. The present invention relates more specifically to a rail and ramp system for attachment to a child's crib or bed that allows intended movement by the child to and from the crib or bed.",
119
+ "2. Description of the Related Art",
120
+ "Growing children progress rapidly through the use of a sequence of furniture and furnishings designed to provide a safe and comfortable sleeping environment for the child. A baby might initially be provided with a cradle as a sleeping environment when little or no movement of the child is anticipated during the night. Very quickly, however, the child graduates into a crib as a sleeping environment before eventually moving into a child or adult sized bed. The time period over which a child might utilize a crib can vary greatly depending upon the activity level of the child. Some children remain relatively docile, with limited movement, well past the age of two. Other children, however, become quite mobile and active as early as one year old, to the extent that a standard crib environment no longer comfortably or safely accommodates them.",
121
+ "Many crib manufacturers recommend that at a certain age one side of the crib be either removed or lowered as the structure of the crib might accommodate. Many cribs incorporate sliding side rails that allow the side to be lowered, either temporarily for intermittent movement in and out of the crib, or permanently as the child's age and activity level might merit. Some manufacturers recommend removing the sliding front panel when the child becomes mobile enough to get his or her arms fully over the top of the panel. The reasoning behind this recommendation is that even if the child falls from the crib, it is better to fall from mattress height than to have the child scale the front panel and fall from the panel height. Unfortunately, the simple raising or lowering of a side rail does not always accommodate the needs of many children who are active at a very young age. In addition, the lowered side rail, for many cribs, often provides inadequate side rail protection for the child when sleeping at night. All too often the height above the mattress is either too high for the child to easily access the crib when awake, or too low, such that the child might roll out from the crib while sleeping at night.",
122
+ "Some effort has been made in the past to provide for an intermediate solution to the problem of a young but active child in a crib sleeping environment. These efforts have generally been directed at providing for removable rails that could be positioned on the side of the crib in association with the mattress, or in some cases on the side of a child's bed in association with the mattress. In general, however, these mattress stabilized rail systems have either been too short or too long for a particular crib, i.e. they either extend beyond the posts of the crib or leave a significant and often unsafe opening in the side. In addition, these temporary and removable side rails fail to address the problem of providing easy access to the bed by the child who may be very mobile, but still not very tall, while at the same time providing for the safe containment of the child during sleep. Some of these efforts in the past include the following:",
123
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 5,781,945, issued to Scherer et al. entitled Portable Foldable Bed Rail. This patent describes a rail with two legs intended to be slid underneath the mattress and to hingedly support an oblong rail with hinged, collapsible end sections. The patent does not, however, address the concerns associated with variations in the height of the child, and facilitating movement in and out of the crib or bed.",
124
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 5,761,756, issued to Nowak et al. entitled Portable Bed Rail. This patent likewise describes a rail system that includes a pair of legs hingedly attached to the rail barrier, and intended to be slid under the mattress for support. The rail barrier component between the mattress legs is comprised of rigid telescoping poles that may be extended in length. Covering these poles and forming the barrier between them is a flexible fabric cover.",
125
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 329,663, issued to McMurray entitled Safety Attachment for Beds and Berths. This patent describes an early design disclosing a rail system with a pair of legs intended to be slid between the mattress and box spring, and hingedly supporting a rail on the side of the bed. The system includes a lower section that adds to the stability of the rail by insertion into a lower side support rail of the bed frame. A standard set of parallel slats form the rail barrier.",
126
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 4,178,645, issued to Cosme entitled Safety Bed. This patent describes a bed rail system having a pair of support legs inserted between the mattresses of the bed and being distinguished by a fold-down front rail structure. The generally tubular frame provides hinges at each end of the rail system that allow the usually upright rail to be folded down into a fully lowered and flat position against the side of the bed. Suitable locking mechanisms for maintaining the rail in an upright position are described. The complete disengagement of the rail from the leg components is also anticipated.",
127
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 5,596,776, issued to Huang entitled Collapsible Safeguard Rail Structure. This patent describes an assembly of tubular sections and hinged joints that provide a completely collapsing side rail for a bed. A pair of under-mattress legs is provided at each end, which supports an upright assembly of rail tubes. A midpoint in the rail system is likewise provided with hinged joints, which permit the rail not only to be folded against the mattress legs, but also to fold in half for compact storage.",
128
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 5,745,936, issued to Van McCutchen et al. entitled Safety Bed with Dual Purpose Side Panels. This patent describes an entire bed structure with side panel barriers extending along the entire length of the bed. The barriers are pivotally attached to a side component of the bed along its entire length. The patent anticipates raised, lowered, and intermediate positions for the side panels.",
129
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 5,671,490, issued to Wu entitled Collapsible Bed Rail Structure. This patent describes yet another collapsible rail system that incorporates a pair of between-mattress legs that are foldable against a generally rectangular rail frame that incorporates a flexible fabric barrier. Joints in the middle of the rectangular frame allow for the frame itself to be folded in half after collapsing the rail against the support legs.",
130
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 5,519,905, issued to Bernstein et al. entitled Bed Side Rails. This patent describes a rigid rail system intended to partially cover the side of a child's bed. Between-mattress legs are hingedly attached to the side rail in a manner that permits the complete lowering of the side rail from an upright position to a lowered and flat against the bed position when the rail is not in use. The rail itself comprises a rigid structure that is generally not collapsible or variable in length or height.",
131
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 5,577,277, issued to Sundberg et al. entitled Collapsible Bed Side Rail. This patent describes a generally rigid set of components intended to be attached together (as opposed to being hingedly folded) to form a side rail with between-mattress support legs. The rail barrier itself divides into two sections which compactly integrate the leg and support systems into a single compact storage unit.",
132
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 6,134,731, issued to Thom et al. entitled Adjustable Support Apparatus. This patent describes a partial wall rail barrier for a bed. The rail is intended primarily for older individuals, and provides a handle structure to be grasped by the person in bed in order to assist with lifting themselves to an upright position.",
133
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 6,453,490, issued to Cardinale entitled Bed Safety Guard. This patent is directed primarily to the between-mattress support structures and describes a system whereby the between-mattress legs extend entirely across the mattress to an attachment point on the opposite side of the bed. This arrangement is intended to provide improved support that prevents the rail from being dislodged or pushed away from the bed by the occupant.",
134
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 5,640,726 issued to Fichner-Rathus entitled Safety Rail for Sleeping Beds. This patent likewise describes a side rail system with between-mattress legs that extend completely across the mattress to an opposite side of the bed. Adjustments to both the cross mattress components and the side bed components allow for a tight fit on a variety of mattress structures. The rail itself is described as a rectangular frame with a mesh or fabric barrier.",
135
+ "While many attempts have been made in the past to provide removable rail systems, some of which are foldable into a lowered position, few if any of the devices provide for the needs of the intermediate aged child that is still young enough to utilize a crib as a sleeping environment, and yet active and mobile enough to be able to enter and exit the crib on their own. Rails currently available for retail purchase are typically either too short or too long to completely enclose a crib mattress. Those that are too short are intended to allow the child access to and from the crib when awake, but then leave the opening for the child to fall from while sleeping. Those that are too long cannot be safely used with cribs because the under-mattress support legs do not appropriately engage the mattress and are therefore not stable. In general, these rails do not permit the child to safely enter or exit the crib. The two goals of (1) providing a safe sleeping environment and (2) providing an accessible sleeping environment for the young, but active child, are simply not met by any system described in the prior art. It would be desirable therefore to have a removable rail system that positions a rail of adequate height on the side of a mattress so as to prevent a child from rolling from the crib during sleep, while at the same time providing a mechanism or component that allows the child to \u201cscale\u201d the rail from the outside of the crib so as to enter the crib to sleep. It would further be desirable for such a system to be safely attachable to or removable from the crib frame, and yet rigid enough upon attachment to be climbed upon by the child.",
136
+ "It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a system that combines a side rail and a ramp structure that are attachable in combination to a crib or a bed in a manner that prevents the child in the crib or bed from rolling out during sleep, and at the same time provides a means for the child to climb or crawl from outside the crib, up to the railing, and over the railing so as to access the mattress of the crib or bed to go to sleep. The various preferred embodiments of the present invention each include a side rail component that is fixed to the crib or bed at each end by removable attachment straps or the like, and is rigidly connected to a pair of leg extensions that slide between the mattress and box spring of the crib or bed. A generally larger ramp component extends pivotally outward and downward from the side rail component to a point in contact with the floor on which the crib or bed is positioned. The angle and dimensions of the ramp are such as to permit an active child to crawl up the ramp to a point to where it becomes easy to climb over the rail on the side of the crib or bed. Various preferred embodiments of the present invention incorporate multiple hinged components within the ramp system so as to allow the alternate positioning of the ramp (in whole or in parts) in an extended configuration or a collapsed configuration against the crib or bed.",
137
+ "FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention shown attached to a crib of standard configuration.",
138
+ "FIG. 2 is a detailed perspective view of the structure of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1.",
139
+ "FIG. 3 is a reverse perspective view showing means for attaching the present invention to a crib of standard configuration.",
140
+ "FIG. 3A is a detailed view of the attachment means shown generally in FIG. 3.",
141
+ "FIG. 4A is a detailed view of an alternate attachment joint for connecting the ramp component of the present invention to the rail component.",
142
+ "FIG. 4B is a second detailed view of the alternate removable connection joint shown in FIG. 4A.",
143
+ "FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention shown attached to a crib of standard configuration, the ramp component of the invention having a hinged feature.",
144
+ "FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the second preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 5, here in a folded configuration.",
145
+ "FIG. 7 is a detailed perspective view of the structure of the second preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 5.",
146
+ "FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a third preferred embodiment of the present invention shown attached to a crib of standard configuration, the ramp component having multiple ramp sections.",
147
+ "FIG. 9A is a perspective view of the third preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 8, here in a folded configuration.",
148
+ "FIG. 9B is a perspective view of the third preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 8, here in a partially folded configuration.",
149
+ "FIG. 9C is a perspective view of the third preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 8, here in an alternate partially folded configuration.",
150
+ "FIG. 10 is a detailed perspective view of the multiple ramp sections embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 8.",
151
+ "Reference is made first to FIG. 1 for a brief description of the implementation of a first embodiment of the present invention on a standard crib enclosure. FIG. 1 shows crib 10 as a typical crib enclosure with one removable side, leaving a mattress 11 surrounded on three sides by the crib end panels and side railing and open on a fourth side for placement of the present invention. Ramp/rail assembly 12 is positioned and attached to crib 10 as shown in FIG. 1. Ramp/rail assembly 12 includes rail sub-assembly 14 which is positioned directly onto crib 10 through the use of attachment bands 18a and 18b. The mechanism for attachment in this manner is described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 3 and 3A.",
152
+ "Ramp/rail assembly 12 also comprises ramp sub-assembly 16 which extends downward and away from rail sub-assembly 14 positioned on crib 10. Ramp sub- assembly 16 is comprised of ramp frame sub-assembly 22 and ramp surface 20.",
153
+ "In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1, ramp frame sub-assembly 22 is made up of semi-rigid tubular components joined together to form a generally rectangular frame as indicated in the drawing. Ramp surface 20 is positioned over and around ramp frame sub-assembly 22 so as to provide a light-weight, flexible surface to the rectangular plane defined by ramp frame sub-assembly 22. As indicated in FIG. 1, ramp surface 20 may be a fabric material, most preferably an open mesh fabric constructed of soft polyester fibers, that is stretched across ramp frame sub-assembly 22, around the individual edge components of ramp frame sub-assembly 22, and sewn (or snapped, zipped, etc.) back onto itself or the ramp frame sub-assembly to form a secure platform made of fabric.",
154
+ "As shown in FIG. 1, ramp sub-assembly 16 is pivotally connected to rail sub-assembly 14 in a manner described in more detail below. In this configuration, the two primary components of ramp/rail assembly 12 define a first vertical plane comprising rail sub-assembly 14 and a second horizontally-angled plane defined by ramp sub-assembly 16. The child may utilize the ramp/rail assembly 12 of the present invention by crawling up or down the ramp sub-assembly 16 of the device. The height of rail sub-assembly 14 is sufficiently low such that the child may readily enter the crib enclosure or exit the crib enclosure if such is the intent. Rail sub-assembly 14 is, however, sufficiently high as to prevent the child, when asleep or partially asleep, from unintentionally falling out of crib 10. In this manner, the ramp/rail assembly 12 of the present invention provides an easy and safe means for a child to enter or exit crib 10, when such is the child's intent.",
155
+ "Reference is now made to FIG. 2 for a more detailed description of the structure of ramp/rail assembly 12 of the present invention as shown in FIG. 1. Once again ramp/rail assembly 12 is comprised of rail sub-assembly 14 and ramp sub-assembly 16. The additional components not shown in FIG. 1, but which make up part of ramp/rail assembly 12, include mattress legs 24a and 24b. These mattress legs 24a and 24b are capped respectively with leg caps 25a and 25b. Mattress legs 24a and 24b are attached to rail sub-assembly 14 in a manner described in more detail below and are utilized for the purpose of helping to stabilize rail sub-assembly 14 in its attachment to crib 10. Mattress legs 24a and 24b are inserted and positioned below mattress 11 (shown in FIG. 1) and in conjunction with attachment bands 18a and 18b serve to stabilize and position rail sub-assembly 14 on crib 10, closely adjacent to mattress 11.",
156
+ "As indicated above, ramp sub-assembly 16 is made up of ramp frame sub-assembly 22 and ramp surface 20 (not shown in FIG. 2 for clarity). Ramp frame sub-assembly 22 is made up of a generally rectangular set of tubular components and joint connectors as shown. These components include ramp side braces 36a and 36b, ramp base brace 37, and ramp center brace 34. Ramp base corner joints 26a and 26b serve to connect ramp side braces 36a and 36b to ramp base brace 37. Ramp base center joint 28 serves to connect ramp center brace 34 to ramp base brace 37.",
157
+ "Ramp frame sub-assembly 22, and therefore ramp sub-assembly 16, is connected to rail sub-assembly 14 by way of ramp top corner pivot joints 30a and 30b and ramp top center pivot joint 32. Ramp top corner pivot joints 30a and 30b, as well as ramp top center pivot joint 32, are designed to position and fix ramp sub-assembly 16 side-to-side on rail sub-assembly 14, but to permit the angular rotation of ramp sub-assembly 16 up and down in pivoting relationship to the plane of rail sub-assembly 14. In other words, the corner and center pivot joints allow the user to lift ramp sub-assembly 16 and additionally allow variability in the height of the crib to which the present invention is mounted.",
158
+ "Rail sub-assembly 14 is comprised of rail top brace 45, rail center brace 47, and rail base brace 46, all of which are in generally parallel, coplanar relationship to one another. Extending between rail top brace 45 and rail center brace 47 are a plurality of rail bars 38. The base of rail sub-assembly 14 is made up of rail side braces 40a and 40b which are connected to rail top brace 45 by way of rail top joints 42a and 42b, and are connected to rail base brace 46 by way of rail base joints 44a and 44b. Rail side braces 40a and 40b are connected to rail center brace 47 by way of rail side joints 48a and 48b.",
159
+ "As identified above, the pair of mattress legs 24a and 24b, are connected to rail base brace 46 by way of mattress leg joints 50a and 50b. In the preferred embodiment, these mattress leg joints 50a and 50b are fixed both laterally on rail base brace 46 and pivotally fixed (non-rotational) so as to facilitate the rigid placement of rail sub-assembly 14 adjacent the mattress of the crib.",
160
+ "Finally, additional support within rail sub-assembly 14 is provided by rail center brace support joints 52a, 52b, 54a, and 54b, which extend between and fix in parallel relationship, rail center brace 47 and rail base brace 46.",
161
+ "Reference is now made to FIG. 3 for a brief description of the use of attachment bands 18a and 18b in facilitating the fixed positioning of ramp/rail assembly 12 of the present invention on crib 10. In this reverse view, and in the detailed view shown in FIG. 3A, rail sub-assembly 14 of ramp/rail assembly 12 is positioned adjacent the mattress within crib 10, but inside the posts or legs of crib 10 as shown. In this manner some rigidity is immediately obtained by the pressure of being positioned between the edge of the mattress, and the inside faces of the legs or posts of the crib. It is clear from FIG. 3 that the dimensions of rail sub-assembly 14 of the present invention are dependent upon the dimensions of crib 10, and derive from the distance between the center points of the interior faces of the legs or posts of the crib. In this manner, safe and secure placement and positioning of rail sub-assembly 14 is possible.",
162
+ "As shown in FIG. 3A, rail side brace 40b and rail sub-assembly 14 are positioned against the interior face of the crib leg or post as shown. Attachment band 18b is wrapped around both rail side brace 40b and the leg or post of crib 10 as indicated. This attachment, in combination with the use of mattress legs 24a and 24b described above, provides a sufficiently rigid means for positioning the present invention on the crib. Attachment band 18b is, in the preferred embodiment, a \u201chook and loop\u201d material type strap that may be wrapped back on itself to provide a secure but removable attachment point. Alternate methods for fixing rail sub-assembly 14 to the leg or post components of crib 10 are anticipated based upon the example of the attachment strap 18b shown. It is understood that the detail shown in FIG. 3A is repeated on the opposite end of crib 10 in a mirrored fashion.",
163
+ "Reference is now made to FIGS. 4A and 4B for a detailed description of one method for removably attaching ramp sub-assembly 16 of the present invention to rail sub-assembly 14. FIGS. 4A and 4B show an alternate attachment joint that would replace ramp top corner pivot joints 30a and 30b, all as shown in FIG. 2. Ramp top center joint 32 would likewise be modified into a partially open hook configuration, similar to the attachment joint structure shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B but without the closure mechanism. Under some circumstances it may be desirable to allow the user to completely remove ramp sub-assembly 16 from rail sub-assembly 14 for a variety of reasons, including more direct access to the side of the crib. The pivot joint structures shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B are designed to permit this separation of the components of the present invention. In FIG. 4A, releasable top pivot joint 60 is shown comprised of release handle 62, joint yoke 64, and joint jaw 66. Release handle 62 and joint jaw 66 are pivotally connected to joint yoke 64 by means of joint pivot bolt 68. Release handle spring 69 is positioned in association with this pivot joint. Releasable top pivot joint 60 is positioned on ramp side brace 36a (in this example) and serves to replace ramp top corner pivot joint 30a, shown in FIG. 2. In this manner, ramp side brace 36a is releasably attachable to rail center brace 47 of rail sub-assembly 14. Rail center brace 47 is received into joint yoke 64 and maintained there, initially, by the downward weight of ramp sub-assembly 16. Movement of release handle 62, and therefore joint jaw 66, closes joint jaw 66 around rail center brace 47 to adequately secure the pivoting joint. FIG. 4B shows in greater detail the manner in which the release of release handle 62 closes joint jaw 66 around rail center brace 47 so as to hold rail center brace 47 captive within joint yoke 64.",
164
+ "The above described first preferred embodiment of the present invention is designed to used by a child that is capable of climbing or crawling up the ramp component to the rail component and thereafter climbing over the rail component into the crib to sleep on the mattress. When the child wakes from sleep and wishes to exit the crib, the present invention provides such an exit. The child, when awake and alert, is capable of climbing over the rail component to land on the ramp component. The ramp component is sized and angled so that the child crawling or \u201cfalling\u201d from over the rail component would be stopped in his or her vertical descent by the ramp platform material and would be slow to slide down the ramp because of the friction the surface provides. In this manner the child may exit to the floor from the otherwise too high crib mattress surface without the assistance of an adult. The ramp may be left permanently positioned on the side of the crib for this purpose or may be removed as needed if it is configured with the releasable connector joints described in FIGS. 4A and 4B.",
165
+ "Reference is now made to FIGS. 5\u20137 for a detailed description of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. Ramp/rail assembly 12 shown in FIG. 5 is designed to have a folding function that permits the user to move ramp sub-assembly 16 into a planar position adjacent the side of crib 10, so as to allow the user more direct access to the crib. The folded configuration of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 5 discloses the extended configuration of the embodiment, wherein ramp/rail assembly 12 is made up of folding ramp sub-assembly 70, which itself is comprised of folding ramp lower frame sub-assembly 72, and folding ramp upper frame sub-assembly 74. Joints that are described in more detail below connect folding ramp lower frame sub-assembly 72 to folding ramp upper frame sub-assembly 74 and permit the folding or bending of folding ramp sub-assembly 70 in a manner that allows it to be flatly positioned against the side of crib 10 as shown in FIG. 6.",
166
+ "Reference is now made to FIG. 7 for a detailed description of the specific components that make up the second preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. It should be noted that rail sub-assembly 14 in this embodiment remains structured exactly the same as rail sub-assembly 14 in the initial preferred embodiment mentioned above. Folding ramp sub-assembly 70 once again is comprised of folding ramp lower frame sub-assembly 72 and folding ramp upper frame sub-assembly 74. Folding ramp lower frame sub-assembly 72, itself is comprised of ramp lower side braces 76a and 76b, as well as ramp lower center brace 78. Ramp lower base brace 79 is essentially identical to ramp base brace 37 shown in the first embodiment described above. Folding ramp upper frame sub-assembly 74 is comprised of ramp upper side braces 80a and 80b, as well as ramp upper center brace 82. Ramp upper side braces 80a and 80b are respectively connected to ramp lower side braces 76a and 76b by means of ramp brace hinges 84. Ramp upper center brace 82 is likewise connected to ramp lower center brace 78 by means of a ramp brace hinge 84. Ramp brace hinges 84 are constructed so as to fold in the direction indicated in the drawings, such that folding ramp upper frame sub-assembly 74 may be rotated upward, thereby drawing in folding ramp lower frame sub-assembly 72 into the coplanar position described above. The hinges 84, however, are structured so as to alternately (and normally) bring the ramp lower side braces 76a and 76b into alignment with ramp upper side braces 80a and 80b (likewise with center braces 82 and 78) and to remain rigid in that position preventing the further bending or collapsing of the frame downward. Such hinges structured to stop once the alignment described above has occurred, are well known in the art.",
167
+ "The above described second preferred embodiment of the present invention finds practicality where the parent or caregiver finds it necessary to frequently access the side of the crib to attend to the child. In so far as the ramp, in its lowered position, would likely serve as a barrier to close access, the second embodiment provides a folding ramp that almost entirely eliminates the \u201cprotrusion\u201d that the extended ramp would provide on the side of the crib. The hinge structure, and its location on the ramp frame, is such that the ramp may be folded upward with the appropriate force being exerted inward on the lower edge of the ramp towards the crib. In this manner, the adult or care giver may generally fold the ramp by pushing against the lower edge of the ramp with their foot. Extending the ramp again can be accomplished by drawing the lower edge of the ramp out again from the crib and allowing gravity to pull the ramp sections once again into an inclined plane configuration. Hinges of the type that bend in only one direction (and provide stiff resistance to bending in the opposite direction) are well known in the art.",
168
+ "Reference is now made to FIGS. 8, 9A, 9B, 9C and 10 for a detailed description of a third alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 8, ramp/rail assembly 12 is seen once again to be comprised of rail sub-assembly 14, but instead of a single ramp sub-assembly attached to rail sub-assembly 14, a dual folding ramp structure is disclosed. This dual folding ramp system is comprised of dual-folding ramp right sub-assembly 90, and dual-folding ramp left sub-assembly 96. Dual-folding ramp right sub-assembly 90 is comprised of dual-folding ramp right lower frame sub-assembly 92, and dual-folding ramp right upper frame sub-assembly 98. Likewise, dual-folding ramp left sub-assembly 96 is comprised of dual-folding ramp left lower frame sub-assembly 94, and dual-folding ramp left upper frame sub-assembly 100. The manner in which the assemblies of the dual-folding ramp structure fold with respect to one another is identical to that described above in the second preferred embodiment utilizing hinges 84. In this case, however, two separate folding ramps are positioned so as to permit the user to either fold both ramps at the same time, or a single ramp at a time. These various folding configurations are shown in FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C. FIG. 9A shows the dual folding ramp system wherein both dual-folding ramp right sub-assembly 90 and dual-folding ramp left sub-assembly 96 are each folded into coplanar relationship with rail sub-assembly 14, close to the side of crib 10. FIG. 9b shows dual-folding ramp right sub-assembly 90 extended into its ramp configuration while dual-folding ramp left sub-assembly 96 remains folded against the side of crib 10. In the opposite configuration, FIG. 9c discloses dual-folding ramp left sub-assembly 96 extended and dual-folding ramp right sub-assembly 90 folded against the side of crib 10.",
169
+ "Reference is finally made to FIG. 10 for a detailed description of the additional components incorporated into the structure associated with the above described dual-folding ramp system. Here again, rail sub-assembly 14 is identical to the rail sub-assembly described above with respect to the first and second preferred embodiments. Dual-folding ramp right lower frame sub-assembly 92 is made up of right ramp lower side brace 110a, right ramp lower base brace 111a, and right ramp lower center brace 112a. Likewise, dual-folding ramp left lower frame sub-assembly 94 is made up of left ramp lower side brace 110b, left ramp lower base brace 111b, and left ramp lower center brace 112b. The joints for connecting the center and side braces described above include right ramp lower center base joint 114a, left ramp lower center base joint 114b, right ramp lower corner base joint 116a, and left ramp lower corner base joint 116b.",
170
+ "The dual-folding ramp right upper frame sub-assembly 98 is comprised of right ramp upper center brace 118a and right ramp upper side brace 122a. The dual-folding ramp left upper frame sub-assembly 100 is comprised of left ramp upper center brace 118b and left ramp upper side brace 122b. The joints for connecting the center and side braces of dual-folding ramp right upper frame sub-assembly 98 and dual-folding ramp left upper frame sub-assembly 100 include right ramp upper side pivot joint 120a, left ramp upper side pivot joint 120b, right ramp upper center pivot joint 124a, and left ramp upper center pivot joint 124b.",
171
+ "The third preferred embodiment described above finds practicality where both use of the ramp and direct access to the side of the crib are desired. Although it is obviously necessary for the railing of the present invention to extend down the entire length of the open side of the crib, it is not typically necessary for the ramp to be this wide. The third embodiment therefore provides for a system that accommodates both the use of the ramp by the child and access to the side of the crib by the adult. The process of folding or extending each ramp section is the same as with the second embodiment described above but may be accomplished with both ramp sections together or each ramp section independently. The division of the ramp may be into two sections (as shown) or may be more under certain circumstances. Likewise the division of the ramp may be into equal sections (as shown) or unequal under certain circumstances. In any event, the third embodiment provides versatility in user configuration of the ramp component of the present invention.",
172
+ "Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with a number of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize further alterations of the structures described that still fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims that follow. For example, but without limitation, the components of the frame structures of the invention as described are generally shown as round tubular sections. Those skilled in the art will recognize that longitudinal sections of a solid nature and/or of alternate cross-section (such as square) are possible. Likewise, the material from which these frame sections might be constructed could be any of a number of rigid or semi-rigid compositions available for such longitudinal elements. For example, but again without limitation, the tubular sections might be constructed of strong (schedule 40 or greater) PVC pipe sections or may be constructed of metal tubular components. Those skilled in the art will recognize the balance required between rigidity and flexibility in selecting the most appropriate materials. Finally, again without limitation, the construction of the platform that provides the climbing surface in the present invention may be from any of a number of different materials from a coarse mesh to a tightly woven fabric. Comfort and strength will generally govern the choice of material for the platform."
173
+ ],
174
+ "citations": [
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+ "us_classification": "5 931",
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+ "international_classifications": [
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+ {
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+ "classification_level": "A",
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+ "section": "A",
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+ "classification_class": "47",
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+ "subclass": "D",
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+ "main_group": "7",
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+ "subgroup": "02"
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+ }
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+ }
json_patents/06983497.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Tension-varying slider for a set of three slats",
3
+ "abstract": "The invention provides a single piece tension-varying slider for a set of three slats of a bed base, which set comprises two parallel slats in the plane on which the mattress rests and a lower slat disposed substantially in the vertical midplane between the two upper slats, said slats being supported at their ends by fixing means for fixing to the longitudinally-extending members of the frame of the bed base, said slider comprising a suspension device for bearing against the lower slat, and fixing means for fixing said device to the upper slats, wherein the fixing means comprise a strip for being placed across and over the upper slats, said strip having a respective bend at each of its ends for co-operating with a respective outer edge of said two upper slats, one of the bends being connected to the suspension device by a junction wall.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Lobry",
6
+ "Bonnefoy",
7
+ "Tat"
8
+ ],
9
+ "document_number": "06983497",
10
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
11
+ "assignees": [
12
+ "Tournadre S.A. Standard Gum"
13
+ ],
14
+ "claims": [
15
+ {
16
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
17
+ "preamble": "1. A single piece tension-varying slider for a set of three slats in a bed base, the set comprising two parallel slats in the plane on which the mattress rests together with a lower slat disposed substantially in the vertical midplane between the two upper slats, said slats being supported at their ends by securing means engaging the longitudinally-extending members of the frame of the bed base, said slider comprising a suspension device for bearing against the lower slat, and fixing means for fixing said device to the upper slats;",
18
+ "components": [
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "wherein the fixing means comprise a strip for being placed across and over said upper slats, said strip having a respective bend at each of its ends for co-operating with respective outer edges of said two upper slats, only one of the bends being connected to the suspension device by a junction wall.",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ }
23
+ ]
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
27
+ "preamble": "2. A tension-varying slider according to claim 1 , further comprising a third bend co-operating with a side edge of the lower slat for preventing the suspension device from moving on the lower slat.",
28
+ "components": []
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
32
+ "preamble": "3. A tension-varying slider according to claim 2 , wherein the third bend is disposed on the side remote from the junction wall.",
33
+ "components": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
37
+ "preamble": "4. A tension-varying slider according to claim 1 , further comprising a tongue secured to the suspension device and extending substantially symmetrically to the junction wall about the vertical midplane between the two upper slats, said tongue serving to bear against the underside of an upper slat for preventing the suspension device from moving under the upper slats.",
38
+ "components": []
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
42
+ "preamble": "5. A tension-varying slider according to claim 1 , wherein the strip further comprises two lugs extending downwards from the sides of the strip, for being received in the gap between the two upper slats.",
43
+ "components": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
47
+ "preamble": "6. A tension-varying slider according to claim 1 , wherein the strip carries a vertical peg on its bottom face for being received at least in part in an orifice formed in the top wall of the suspension device.",
48
+ "components": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
52
+ "preamble": "7. A tension-varying slider according to claim 1 , wherein the suspension device is in the form of a sleeve.",
53
+ "components": []
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
57
+ "preamble": "8. A tension-varying slider according to claim 1 , the slider being made of an elastomer or thermoplastic type material.",
58
+ "components": []
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
62
+ "preamble": "9. A single piece tension-varying slider for a set of three slats in a bed base, the set comprising two parallel slats in the plane on which the mattress rests together with a lower slat disposed substantially in the vertical midplane between the two upper slats, said slats being supported at their ends by securing means engaging the longitudinally-extending members of the frame of the bed base, said slider comprising a suspension device for bearing against the lower slat, and fixing means for fixing said device to the upper slats;",
63
+ "components": [
64
+ {
65
+ "component": "wherein the fixing means comprise a strip for being placed across and over said upper slats, said strip having a respective bend at each of its ends for co-operating with respective outer edges of said two upper slats, one of the bends being connected to the suspension device by a junction wall, and",
66
+ "subcomponents": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "component": "wherein the single piece tension-varying slider further comprises a third bend co-operating with a side edge of the lower slat for preventing the suspension device from moving on the lower slat.",
70
+ "subcomponents": []
71
+ }
72
+ ]
73
+ },
74
+ {
75
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
76
+ "preamble": "10. A tension-varying slider according to claim 9 , wherein the third bend is disposed on the side remote from the junction wall.",
77
+ "components": []
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
81
+ "preamble": "11. A single piece tension-varying slider for a set of three slats in a bed base, the set comprising two parallel slats in the plane on which the mattress rests together with a lower slat disposed substantially in the vertical midplane between the two upper slats, said slats being supported at their ends by securing means engaging the longitudinally-extending members of the frame of the bed base, said slider comprising a suspension device for bearing against the lower slat, and fixing means for fixing said device to the upper slats;",
82
+ "components": [
83
+ {
84
+ "component": "wherein the fixing means comprise a strip for being placed across and over said upper slats, said strip having a respective bend at each of its ends for co-operating with respective outer edges of said two upper slats, one of the bends being connected to the suspension device by a junction wall, and",
85
+ "subcomponents": []
86
+ },
87
+ {
88
+ "component": "wherein the single piece tension-varying slider further comprises a tongue secured to the suspension device and extending substantially symmetrically to the junction wall about the vertical midplane between the two upper slats, said tongue serving to bear against the underside of an upper slat for preventing the suspension device from moving under the upper slats.",
89
+ "subcomponents": []
90
+ }
91
+ ]
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
95
+ "preamble": "12. A single piece tension-varying slider for a set of three slats in a bed base, the set comprising two parallel slats in the plane on which the mattress rests together with a lower slat disposed substantially in the vertical midplane between the two upper slats, said slats being supported at their ends by securing means engaging the longitudinally-extending members of the frame of the bed base, said slider comprising a suspension device for bearing against the lower slat, and fixing means for fixing said device to the upper slats;",
96
+ "components": [
97
+ {
98
+ "component": "wherein the fixing means comprise a strip for being placed across and over said upper slats, said strip having a respective bend at each of its ends for co-operating with respective outer edges of said two upper slats, one of the bends being connected to the suspension device by a junction wall, and",
99
+ "subcomponents": []
100
+ },
101
+ {
102
+ "component": "wherein the strip further comprises two lugs extending downwards from the sides of the strip for being received in the gap between the two upper slats.",
103
+ "subcomponents": []
104
+ }
105
+ ]
106
+ },
107
+ {
108
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
109
+ "preamble": "13. A single piece tension-varying slider for a set of three slats in a bed base, the set comprising two parallel slats in the plane on which the mattress rests together with a lower slat disposed substantially in the vertical midplane between the two upper slats, said slats being supported at their ends by securing means engaging the longitudinally-extending members of the frame of the bed base, said slider comprising a suspension device for bearing against the lower slat, and fixing means for fixing said device to the upper slats;",
110
+ "components": [
111
+ {
112
+ "component": "wherein the fixing means comprise a strip for being placed across and over said upper slats, said strip having a respective bend at each of its ends for co-operating with respective outer edges of said two upper slats, one of the bends being connected to the suspension device by a junction wall, and",
113
+ "subcomponents": []
114
+ },
115
+ {
116
+ "component": "wherein the strip carries a vertical peg on its bottom face for being received at least in part in an orifice formed in the top wall of the suspension device.",
117
+ "subcomponents": []
118
+ }
119
+ ]
120
+ }
121
+ ],
122
+ "description": [
123
+ "The present invention relates to the field of beds.",
124
+ "More particularly, it relates to a tension-varying slider for fitting to a set of three slats of slatted bed bases in order to enable the flexibility of the slats to be adjusted at will.",
125
+ "The slats of bed bases are generally fixed to the longitudinally-extending members of the frame of the base via endpieces which have housings for engaging their ends. These endpieces and the slats constitute the suspension means of the bed base and the stiffness thereof is selected on purchasing the bed base.",
126
+ "Nevertheless, depending on the weight and the morphology of the person using the bed, it may be useful to be able to modify the stiffness of each set of three slats.",
127
+ "This can be achieved in particular by adding tension-varying sliders. In general, tension-varying sliders include at least one through orifice through which a slat is threaded while the bed base is being assembled. The slider can be moved along the slat, thus enabling stiffness to be modified between the left-hand portion and the right-hand portion of the bed base. However, in order to remove the slider and place it on some other, more appropriate slat, it is necessary to take the base apart, which is an operation that is lengthy and difficult to perform by un-practiced users.",
128
+ "A tension-varying slider for a set of three slats of a bed base is also known, in particular from FR 2 666 973, which is constituted by two parallel upper slats placed in the plane on which the mattress rests, and a lower slat disposed substantially in the midplane between the two upper slats, the ends of slats being held via fixing means to the long sides of the frame of the bed base, which slider can easily be moved from one set of upper slats to another set without damaging the bed base. This is achieved by the fact that the means for fixing the slider to the upper slats include a structure for engaging the upper slats, which structure is constituted by a central core surmounting a suspension device and from which there extend two laterally-open housings for receiving the upper slats. The width of the slider is less than the spacing between two upper slats, thus making it possible during assembly to place the housings between two of said slats, and then to turn the slider through one-fourth of a turn about a vertical axis in order to fix it to the two upper slats at the desired location and on the desired set of three slats. Disassembly is performed in the reverse order, by turning the slider through one-fourth of a turn.",
129
+ "The width of the slider is thus limited by the spacing between two upper slats, so as to enable it to be assembled and disassembled. The width of the suspension means of the tension-varying slider that are designed to bear against the bottom slat is likewise limited by the spacing of two upper slats so as to enable it to be passed between said two slats for assembly or disassembly purposes.",
130
+ "Unfortunately, it can be useful for the width of the suspension means to be unlimited, where said width is measured in the long direction of the slats when the slider is in use.",
131
+ "The invention provides a tension-varying slider for a set of three slats, which slider is easy to install, and is easy to move, and in which the size of the suspension devices in the direction of the slat is not subject to a limitation.",
132
+ "The invention achieves this object by the fact that the means for fixing the suspension device on the upper slat comprise a strip for placing transversely above said upper slat, said strip having at each of its ends a respective bend for co-operating with an outside edge of said two slats, one of the bends being connected to the suspension device via a junction wall.",
133
+ "The bends co-operate with the edges of the slats like hooks. Because of the elasticity of the endpieces of the slats, it is easy, manually, to move the upper two slats of a set of three slats towards each other so as to enable the free bend to hook on, once the suspension device of the slider has been positioned beneath the two upper slats, with one of the slats being received in the bend connected to the junction wall.",
134
+ "According to a particular characteristic, the tension-varying slider further comprises catch means for preventing the suspension device from moving on the lower slat. The catch means advantageously comprise a third bend co-operating with one of the side edges of the lower slat. This third bend is preferably disposed on the side opposite from the junction wall.",
135
+ "According to another advantageous characteristic, the tension-varying slider of the invention also has means for preventing the suspension device for moving under the upper slat. These means are preferably constituted by a tongue secured to the suspension device and extending substantially symmetrically to the junction wall about the vertical midplane between the two upper slats, said tongue being designed to bear against the underside of an upper slat.",
136
+ "In order to position the tension-varying slider properly on the set of three slats, the strip may also have two lugs which extend downwards from its edges, said lugs being designed to be received in the space between the two upper slats.",
137
+ "The strip may also carry a vertical peg projecting from its under face to be received at least in part in a hole formed in the top wall of the suspension device.",
138
+ "The suspension device is in the form of a sleeve. The axial dimension of the sleeve is independent of the spacing between two upper slats, with this dimension being calculated as a function of the desired stiffness.",
139
+ "The tension-varying slider of the invention is made of an elastomer or thermoplastic type material by molding, providing sufficient flexibility to achieve a hinge effect, in particular at the bend connected to the junction wall so as to make installation and removal of the slider easy.",
140
+ "Other advantages and characteristics of the invention appear on reading the following description given by way of non-limiting example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:",
141
+ "FIG. 1 is a front view of a tension-varying slider constituting a first embodiment of the invention;",
142
+ "FIG. 2 is a side view of the FIG. 1 tension-varying slider;",
143
+ "FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the FIG. 1 tension-varying slider shown in its state when mounted on a set of three slats;",
144
+ "FIG. 4 is a front view of a tension-varying slider constituting a second embodiment of the invention, the upper strip being shown in its position when moved away upwards so as to show the hinge effect of the bend connected to the junction wall;",
145
+ "FIG. 5 is a side view of the FIG. 4 tension-varying slider; and",
146
+ "FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the FIG. 4 tension-varying slider, shown mounted on a set of three slats.",
147
+ "FIGS. 1 to 3 show a tension-varying slider 1 constituting a first embodiment, designed to be mounted on a set of three bed-base slats 2 comprising two upper slats 3a, 3b in the plane on which a mattress rests, together with a lower slat 4 lying substantially in the vertical midplane between the two upper slats 3a and 3b. The two upper slats 3a and 3b are spaced apart by a gap d.",
148
+ "The tension-varying slider 1 comprises a suspension device 5 in the form of a sleeve 6 of circular or elliptical section, with a base 7 that rests on the top face of the lower slat 4, and fixing means 8 for fixing the suspension device 5 to the upper slats 3a and 3b.",
149
+ "The fixing means comprise a strip 9 for placing transversely over the top faces of the upper slats 3a and 3b, with the ends of the strip forming bends or hooks 10a, 10b for co-operating with the outer side edges of the two upper slats 3a and 3b.",
150
+ "One of these bends, e.g. 10a, co-operates with the outer side edge of the upper slat 3b, and is in turn connected to the suspension device 5 by a junction wall 11. This junction wall 11 is substantially horizontal and bears against the underside of the upper slat 3a, and is connected to the wall of the sleeve 6 via a curved portion 11a.",
151
+ "The base 7 of the suspension device also has a third bend or hook 12 on the same side as the bend 10b and for the purpose of co-operating with the adjacent side edge of the lower slat 4.",
152
+ "The tension-varying slider 1 as described above constitutes a single piece, and it is preferably made by molding a material of the elastomer or thermoplastic type which provides sufficient stiffness, together with a degree of flexibility so as to enable said slider to be assembled on a set of three slats.",
153
+ "The ends of the three slats 3a, 3b, and 4 are engaged in housings in endpieces that are fixed on the longitudinally-extending portions of a bed base.",
154
+ "The dimensions of the tension-varying slider 1 are adapted to the dimensions of the slats 3a, 3b, and 4, and to their spacing at rest.",
155
+ "In order to install the tension-varying slider 1 on a set of slats, the strip 9 should be lifted with the bend 10a then acting as a hinge, the suspension device 6 should then be placed on the lower slat, with the bottom bend 12 being properly positioned against the side wall of the lower slat 4, and then the strip 9 should be lowered onto the upper slats 3a and 3b, with the slat 3a being positioned against the bend 10b, and then the two upper slats 3a and 3b should be moved towards each other so as to allow the bend 10b to pass over the outer side edge of the slat 3a. The three slats 10a, 10b, and 12 then hold the tension-varying slider 1 on the set of three slats.",
156
+ "It will be understood that the tension-varying slider is removed by performing the reverse process, thus making it easy to remove the slider in order to replace it at some other location or on a different set of three slats, without requiring the bed base to be disassembled.",
157
+ "The width of the tension-varying slider 1, i.e. its dimension in the long direction of the slat, is independent of the spacing d between two upper slats. In addition, the width of the strip 9 and the width of the sleeve 6 may be different, the width of the sleeve 9, i.e. its extent in the axial direction of the slats, can be selected as a function of the desired stiffness.",
158
+ "FIGS. 3 to 5 show a second embodiment of the invention.",
159
+ "In this second embodiment for a set of three slats comprising two upper slats 3a and 3b and a lower slat 4, the tension-varying slider 1 likewise comprises a suspension device 5 presenting a sleeve 6 having a base 7 for resting on the lower slat 4, and fixing means 8 comprising a strip 9 terminated at each end by a respective bend or hook 10a, 10b, one of which, 10a, is connected to the sleeve 6 by a junction wall 11.",
160
+ "The strip 9 presents two lugs 13a and 13b on its side edges, which extend downwards and which are designed to be received in the gap d between the two upper slats 3a and 3b.",
161
+ "The top wall of the sleeve 6 presents an orifice 14 for receiving at least part of a peg 15 formed to coincide therewith under the bottom face of the strip 9.",
162
+ "The sleeve 6 also presents a tongue 16 projecting from its base remote from the junction wall 11, which tongue 16 extends substantially symmetrically relative to the junction wall 11 so that, once the slider is in place, it bears against the under face of the upper slat 3b, in register with the end 17 of the bend 10a.",
163
+ "The lugs 13a, 13b, the peg 15, and the tongue 16 enable the suspension device 5 to be positioned accurately relative to the upper slats 3a and 3b. That is why the base 7 does not have a third bend 12 in this second embodiment.",
164
+ "It should be observed that the tension-varying slider 1 in the first embodiment as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 could also be provided with lugs 13a and 13b and a peg 15 on the strip 9, together with an orifice 14 in the top wall of the sleeve 6."
165
+ ],
166
+ "citations": [
167
+ "6219863",
168
+ "197 18 577",
169
+ "298 10 728",
170
+ "101 14 451",
171
+ "2666973",
172
+ "0215117",
173
+ "FA628259",
174
+ "436738"
175
+ ],
176
+ "us_classification": "52361",
177
+ "international_classifications": [
178
+ {
179
+ "classification_level": "A",
180
+ "section": "A",
181
+ "classification_class": "47",
182
+ "subclass": "C",
183
+ "main_group": "23",
184
+ "subgroup": "06"
185
+ }
186
+ ]
187
+ }
json_patents/06983498.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Sleeping bag with cinching mechanism",
3
+ "abstract": "A sleeping bag having a cinch mechanism that can be closed with a single hand. The cinch mechanism includes, for example, a loop and a cord attached at an end of the sleeping bag. When the sleeping bag has been rolled, the loop is pulled in one direction, while the cord is pulled in the other direction. The cord is then extended through the loop, and pulled back and attached to itself. For example, a clasp may be used to attach the cord to itself.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Peterson",
6
+ "Michaelis"
7
+ ],
8
+ "document_number": "06983498",
9
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
10
+ "assignees": [
11
+ "The Coleman Company, Inc."
12
+ ],
13
+ "claims": [
14
+ {
15
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
16
+ "preamble": "1. A sleeping bag, comprising:",
17
+ "components": [
18
+ {
19
+ "component": "a cinch mechanism for maintaining the sleeping bag in a rolled configuration, the cinch mechanism comprising:",
20
+ "subcomponents": []
21
+ },
22
+ {
23
+ "component": "an elongate flexible material connected to the sleeping bag and configured so as to form a loop;",
24
+ "subcomponents": []
25
+ },
26
+ {
27
+ "component": "a cord connected to the sleeping bag and that is a separate element independent of the elongate flexible material; and",
28
+ "subcomponents": []
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "component": "a clasp attached to the cord;",
32
+ "subcomponents": []
33
+ },
34
+ {
35
+ "component": "wherein the loop, the cord, and the clasp are arranged and configured such that, when the sleeping bag is rolled, the elongate flexible material wraps around the sleeping bag, the cord is extended through the loop, and the clasp is attached to a portion of the cord so as to hold the elongate flexible material and the cord in place, and wherein pulling on the clasp relative to the loop prior to attaching the clasp to the portion of the cord pulls at connection points for the cord and elongate flexible material and thereby tightens the roll of the sleeping bag.",
36
+ "subcomponents": []
37
+ }
38
+ ]
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
42
+ "preamble": "2. The sleeping bag of claim 1 , wherein the elongate flexible material is connected directly to and extends from a foot of the sleeping bag.",
43
+ "components": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
47
+ "preamble": "3. The sleeping bag of claim 2 , wherein the cord is connected directly to and extends from the foot of the sleeping bag.",
48
+ "components": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
52
+ "preamble": "4. The sleeping bag of claim 1 , wherein the cord is connected directly to and extends from a foot of the sleeping bag.",
53
+ "components": []
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
57
+ "preamble": "5. The sleeping bag of claim 1 , wherein, when the sleeping bag is folded lengthwise, the elongate flexible material is connected directly to and extends from a bottom half of the sleeping bag.",
58
+ "components": []
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
62
+ "preamble": "6. The sleeping bag of claim 5 , wherein, when the sleeping bag is folded lengthwise, the cord is connected directly to and extends from a top half of the sleeping bag.",
63
+ "components": []
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
67
+ "preamble": "7. The sleeping bag of claim 1 , wherein the clasp comprises an opening for hooking onto a portion of the cord that extends against an outer surface of the sleeping bag.",
68
+ "components": []
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
72
+ "preamble": "8. The sleeping bag of claim 7 , wherein the clasp is configured to fit a hand of a user.",
73
+ "components": []
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
77
+ "preamble": "9. The sleeping bag of claim 8 , wherein the clasp includes a narrowed portion for attaching to the cord and for grasping with a hand, and a thickened portion including the opening.",
78
+ "components": []
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
82
+ "preamble": "10. The sleeping bag of claim 1 , wherein the loop comprises two connections of the elongate flexible material to outer portions of the sleeping bag when the sleeping bag is rolled, the loop being formed by the elongate flexible material between the two connections.",
83
+ "components": []
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
87
+ "preamble": "11. A sleeping bag, comprising:",
88
+ "components": [
89
+ {
90
+ "component": "a cinch mechanism for maintaining the sleeping bag in a rolled configuration, the cinch mechanism comprising:",
91
+ "subcomponents": []
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "component": "an elongate flexible material connected to the sleeping bag and configured so as to form a loop;",
95
+ "subcomponents": []
96
+ },
97
+ {
98
+ "component": "a cord connected to the sleeping bag; and",
99
+ "subcomponents": []
100
+ },
101
+ {
102
+ "component": "a clasp attached to the cord, the clasp comprising two openings for hooking onto a portion of the cord that extends against an outer surface of the sleeping bag;",
103
+ "subcomponents": []
104
+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "component": "wherein the loop, the cord, and the clasp are arranged and configured such that, when the sleeping bag is rolled, the elongate flexible material wraps around the sleeping bag, the cord is extended through the loop, and the clasp is attached to a portion of the cord so as to hold the elongate flexible material and the cord in place, and wherein pulling on the clasp relative to the loop prior to attaching the clasp to the portion of the cord pulls at connection points for the cord and elongate flexible material and thereby tightens the roll of the sleeping bag.",
107
+ "subcomponents": []
108
+ }
109
+ ]
110
+ },
111
+ {
112
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
113
+ "preamble": "12. The sleeping bag of claim 11 , wherein the two openings are located on opposite sides of the clasp.",
114
+ "components": []
115
+ },
116
+ {
117
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
118
+ "preamble": "13. The sleeping bag of claim 11 , wherein the two openings are located on the same side of the clasp.",
119
+ "components": []
120
+ }
121
+ ],
122
+ "description": [
123
+ "The present invention is directed to sleeping bags, and more particularly to a sleeping bag that is rolled into a tight formation for storage and transportation.",
124
+ "In general, a sleeping bag is a bag that is warmly lined or padded for sleeping outdoors, for example in a camper or a tent. Sleeping bags may also be used for sleeping on the floor inside a house, such as on a sleepover, or may be used as convenient bedding material when traveling.",
125
+ "Sleeping bags typically include a bottom portion, upon which an individual within the sleeping bag lays, and a top portion which extends over the person to cover the individual. Often, the top and bottom portions are made of a single, large rectangular insulated or padded fabric that is folded and attached along bottom and side edges to form the bag. The attachment is typically made by a zipper.",
126
+ "Sleeping bags are often folded in half lengthwise and rolled into a tight ball for transportation and storage. After rolled, most rolled rectangular sleeping bags are tied with tie cords, compression straps, or elastic straps, or may be otherwise secured so that the sleeping bag does not become unrolled during transportation and storage.",
127
+ "One problem associated with rolling of sleeping bags is that once the sleeping bag is folded (for example, lengthwise), it is often difficult to roll the sleeping bag without the edges of the sleeping bag being forced apart during the rolling process. For this reason, many users find it difficult to roll the sleeping bags into a tight, tidy configuration so that closure may be secured for transportation and storage. Moreover, even if a user can roll the sleeping bag into the tight configuration, the user may find tying the bag difficult, because tying the cords requires two hands, leaving no hands for holding the bag in the tightly rolled configuration. Often a user has to sit on the bag while tying it, or drive his or her knees into the bag to keep it from unrolling.",
128
+ "The following presents a simplified summary of some embodiments of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some embodiments of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.",
129
+ "In accordance with an embodiment, a sleeping bag is provided having a cinch mechanism that can be closed with a single hand. The cinch mechanism includes, for example, a loop and a cord attached at an end of the sleeping bag. When the sleeping bag has been rolled, the loop is pulled in one direction, while the cord is pulled in the other direction. The cord is then extended through the loop, and pulled back and attached to itself. For example, a clasp may be used to attach the cord to itself.",
130
+ "The loop provides a structure that extends across the folded sleeping bag and holds the folded and rolled sleeping bag in position after the cord has been attached to itself. The combined cord and loop system provide a quick and easy cinching mechanism for a sleeping bag.",
131
+ "In accordance with an embodiment, a clasp for attaching the cord to itself includes a hook which is extended around the cord and remains attached to the cord by friction. A thinner or narrower portion may be provided so that the clasp fits a user's hand. Alternate embodiments of clasps may include more than one hook, providing a variety of different options for attaching the clasp to the cord.",
132
+ "Other features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which:",
133
+ "FIG. 1 is a perspective view one embodiment of a sleeping bag;",
134
+ "FIG. 2 is a side perspective view showing the sleeping bag of FIG. 1 folded and partially rolled;",
135
+ "FIG. 3 is a side view of the sleeping bag of FIGS. 1 and 2, with the sleeping bag fully rolled;",
136
+ "FIG. 4 is a side view of the sleeping bag of FIGS. 1\u20133, with a loop and cord system extending around the sleeping bag;",
137
+ "FIG. 5 is a side perspective view of the rolled sleeping bag of FIG. 4, with the cord attached to itself via a clasp;",
138
+ "FIG. 6 is a side perspective view of an embodiment of a clasp in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;",
139
+ "FIG. 7 is a side perspective of an alternate embodiment of a clasp in accordance the invention;",
140
+ "FIG. 8 is a side view of yet another alternate embodiment of a clasp in accordance with the invention, with the clasp being held in a user's hand; and",
141
+ "FIG. 9 is a top perspective view of the clasp of FIG. 8.",
142
+ "In the following description, various embodiments of the present invention will be described. For purposes of explanation, specific configurations and details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without the specific details. Furthermore, well-known features may be omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the embodiment being described.",
143
+ "Referring now to the drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like parts throughout the several views, FIG. 1 shows a sleeping bag 10 in accordance with an embodiment. The sleeping bag 10 includes a top 12 and a bottom 14. Left and right edges 16, 18 extend along sides of the sleeping bag 10. The sleeping bag 10 includes a foot 20 and a head 22. A zipper 24 extends along the foot 20 and the right edge 18 of the sleeping bag 10.",
144
+ "The sleeping bag 10 is of a standard configuration, and in the embodiment shown is generally a rectangular bag formed by the top 12 being folded over the bottom 14, and connection of the top 12 and bottom 14 by the zipper 24. Although the configuration of the sleeping bag 10 in the drawings utilizes a fold-over construction and connection by a zipper, many other configurations may be utilized. For example, a bag may be formed in which a connection is made at the top or bottom of the sleeping bag, instead of along the side edges. In addition, the bag may be folded and sewn or otherwise permanently connected. The top 12 and the bottom 14 may be formed of two different pieces, and may be connected along their edges to form a sleeping bag. Furthermore, although shown as a rectangle, the sleeping bag may have any shape, including a mummy shape, a more square, or \u201cdouble\u201d shape, or other configurations.",
145
+ "In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the sleeping bag 10 is folded such as is shown in FIG. 2 and then is rolled for storage (partial rolling is shown in FIG. 2 for the benefit of the reader). Although the embodiment shown in the drawings includes a sleeping bag 10 that is folded lengthwise, other embodiments may be folded in other ways: as nonlimiting examples, in thirds or fourths, folded along a diagonal, or folded both along a width and a length.",
146
+ "In accordance with an embodiment, one or more retainers 26 are provided for holding sections or layers of the sleeping bag 10 together after the sleeping bag has been folded. The retainers 26 are devices for holding the folded sections of the sleeping bag together. To this end, the retainers 26 may aid in maintaining alignment of the folded sections during rolling of the sleeping bag 10 along a fold line (i.e., the line formed at the fold of two sections or layers). That is, the retainers 26 limit lateral separation of the left and right edges 16, 18 of the folded sleeping bag 10 during rolling. In this manner, a desired even width roll of the sleeping bag 10 is facilitated, without a user being required to realign the folded layers of the sleeping bag 10 during rolling along a fold line. Although the shown embodiment includes retainers 26, the invention may be practiced on a sleeping bag not having a retainer 26.",
147
+ "In the embodiment shown, two retainers 26 are used on the sleeping bag 10, but any number, including one or none, may be used. The retainers 26 each include a toggle 28 and a loop 29, as can best be seen in FIG. 1. When the sleeping bag 10 is folded lengthwise, the toggles 28 are placed within the loops 29, locking the upper layer of the folded portion of the sleeping bag 10 against the lower layer of the folded portion of the sleeping bag 10. In this manner, the sleeping bag 10 may be rolled along its fold line, as is shown in FIG. 2, with only limited movement of the upper layer of the folded portion relative to the lower layer of the folded portion. Alternatively, if a retainer 26 is not used, a user may keep the upper section of the folded sleeping bag 10 aligned relative to the lower section by carefully controlling the rolling of the sleeping bag 10.",
148
+ "In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a cinching mechanism is provided for holding the sleeping bag 10 in the rolled position. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the cinching mechanism includes the loop 30 and a cord 32. The loop 30 and the cord 32 are attached at the foot 20 of the sleeping bag 10 but may alternatively be attached to the head 22 or at another location so that the loop 30 and the cord 32 are available after the sleeping bag 10 has been rolled. The loop 30 and the cord 32 may each be formed of the same material, or may be formed of different materials, but preferably are formed of elongate flexible material, such as rope, cord, fabric, or other suitable material. In addition, if desired, elastic may be used in one or both the loop 30 and the cord 32.",
149
+ "In accordance with an embodiment, a clasp 34 (FIGS. 1, 2 and 6) is provided at the end of the cord 32. The clasp 34 is configured so that it may be attached to the cord 32 without slipping. In the embodiment of the clasp 34 shown in FIG. 6, a hole 36 is provided at one end for attaching to the cord 32, and first and second openings 38, 40 are positioned at a midway point at distal end, respectively, of the clasp 34.",
150
+ "In use, a user rolls the sleeping bag 10 into a round configuration, such as is shown in FIG. 3. The loop 30 is then pulled tight around the outer surface of the sleeping bag 10, preferably in the direction of rolling of the sleeping bag 10 (e.g., in the embodiment shown, continuing in the direction of the foot 20 in the rolled sleeping bag 10). The cord 32 is extended in the opposite direction and through the loop 30 (FIG. 4). The end of the cord 32 to which the clasp 34 is attached is then attached to the portion of the cord 32 that extends along the outer surface of the rolled sleeping bag 10.",
151
+ "Before attaching the clasp 34 to the cord 32, a user may pull on the end of the cord 32 (e.g., by pulling on the clasp 34), tightening the loop 30 and the cord 32 against the outer surface of the sleeping bag 10 an pulling on the connection points where the loop 30 and cord 32 are connected to the sleeping bag 10, thus cinching the sleeping bag 10 into place. The clasp 34 may then be used to attach the end of the cord 32 to the portion of the cord 32 that is already extending around the sleeping bag 10, locking the sleeping bag in the cinched position.",
152
+ "In the embodiment of the clasp 34 shown in FIG. 5, two hooks are formed by the first and second openings 38, 40. Either of these openings 38, 40 may be extended around the portion of the cord 32 attached to the sleeping bag 10. Alternatively, the cord 32 may be looped through both of the openings 38, 40.",
153
+ "The clasp 34 is preferably of a size and thickness such that the tension in the cord 32, the friction of the contact of the cord with the inside of the opening 38 and/or the opening 40, and/or the bend in the cord formed by the clasp 34 prevents slippage of the clasp 34 relative to the cord 32 when the clasp 34 is attached. Slippage is also prevented by the contact of the clasp 34 with the outer surface of the sleeping bag 10 when the sleeping bag 10 is in the rolled configuration in FIG. 5.",
154
+ "After the sleeping bag 10 is in the position of FIG. 3, a user may grasp the clasp 34 with a single hand, run it through the loop 30 into the position in FIG. 4, and pull back and attach the clasp 34 in the position of FIG. 5. The other hand is left free to hold the sleeping bag 10 in position.",
155
+ "In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the loop 30 is attached adjacent to the left edge 16, and the cord 32 is attached adjacent to the right edge 18. Thus, when the sleeping bag 10 is folded in half (FIG. 2), the loop 30 is attached to the lower half of the sleeping bag 10 and the cord 32 is attached to the upper half. In accordance with an embodiment, the two ends of the loop 30 are attached so that they extend approximately to the outer edges of the folded sleeping bag 10 so that when the sleeping bag 10 is rolled, the loop 30 supports the outer portions of the sleeping bag 10. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cord 32 is positioned approximately at the middle of the two ends of the loop 30, so that it supports the central portion of the sleeping bag 10.",
156
+ "If desired, the loop 30 may include more than two attachments to the sleeping bag 10 so that additional support for the sleeping bag 10 may be provided. Alternatively, the loop 30 may be formed of two or more lines that are attached to one another to form a loop structure. The cord 32 may be provided as a loop 30, or may include more than one structure attached to the sleeping bag 10 so that additional support is provided for the rolled sleeping bag 10.",
157
+ "If desired, the loop 30 and the cord 32 may both be attached to the bottom half of the sleeping bag 10 as folded in FIG. 2, or to the top half. In addition, the positions of the two may be switched so that the loop 30 is attached to the top half and the cord 32 is attached to the bottom half. However, in the configuration shown in FIG. 2, the loop 30 extends along the outside of the sleeping bag 10 in the same direction as the foot 30 is extending and is attached to the lower (outer) portion of the rolled sleeping bag. Thus, when pulled into place, the loop 30 tightens the rolled configuration of the sleeping bag 10, and traps the upper (inner) portion of the sleeping bag inside the lower (outer) portion. As such, arranging the loop in this manner prevents material from the sleeping bag 10 from extending beyond the rolled configuration.",
158
+ "An alternate embodiment of a clasp 42 is shown in FIG. 7. This clasp 42 also includes a hole 44 for attaching to the end of the cord 32 and first and second openings 46, 48. However, the first and first and second openings 46, 48 open on opposite edges of the clasp 42, providing additional flexibility in attaching the clasp 42 to the portion of the cord 32 that is wrapped against the sleeping bag 10. Specifically, the openings 46, 48 may individually be attached to the portion of the cord 32 that extends around the outer surface of the sleeping bag 10 by sliding the opening 46 to the right or by sliding the opening 48 to the left. Alternatively, the two openings 46, 48 may be aligned against the cord 32 and rotated so as to lock the clasp 42 into place.",
159
+ "An additional embodiment of the clasp 50 is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. This clasp 50 includes a thicker portion 52 and a thinner or narrowed portion 54. A hole 56 is located in the thinner portion 54 for attachment to the end of the cord 32. An opening 58 extends into the thicker portion 52 for attachment to the portion of the cord 32 that extends around the outer surface of the sleeping bag 10.",
160
+ "The thicker portion 52 provides an advantage in that it provides a greater surface area of the clasp 50 that is in contact with the portion of the cord 32 that extends around the outer surface of the sleeping bag 10. In this manner, friction is increased and a greater bend is formed in the cord 32, decreasing the likelihood that the clasp 50 may slip on the cord 32. In addition, the arrangement of the thicker portion 52 and the thinner portion 54 makes the clasp 50 fit the hand H of a user well, in that the thinner portion 54 may be grasped between a thumb T and pad P of an index finger, as shown in FIG. 8. This arrangement provides a positive teaching aid in use of the clasp 50, in that it suggests to a user the single-handed operability of attaching the cord 32 and loop 30 of the present invention.",
161
+ "Other clasps may be used, for example, ties, hook and loop fasteners, buttons, snaps, clips, clamps, or other devices that connect an end of the cord 32 to the remaining portion of the cord 32. In addition, if desired, a clasp may be designed for attachment directly to the loop 30, providing a loose attachment of the cord to the loop. However, this feature does not provide a cinching feature unless the clasp attachment may be varied, such as by use of a hook and loop fastener. Thus, for such an embodiment, the user may not roll the sleeping bag 10 tightly enough or may roll the sleeping bag 10 too tightly for the clasp to appropriately fit. The cord may also be tied to itself. If desired, a loop or other structure may be provided along the cord to which the free end of the cord may be tied.",
162
+ "Other variations are within the spirit of the present invention. Thus, while the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, a certain illustrated embodiment thereof is shown in the drawings and has been described above in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims.",
163
+ "All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.",
164
+ "The use of the terms \u201ca\u201d and \u201can\u201d and \u201cthe\u201d and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms \u201ccomprising,\u201d \u201chaving,\u201d \u201cincluding,\u201d and \u201ccontaining\u201d are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning \u201cincluding, but not limited to,\u201d) unless otherwise noted. The term \u201cconnected\u201d is to be construed as partly or wholly contained within, attached to, or joined together, even if there is something intervening. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., \u201csuch as\u201d) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate embodiments of the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.",
165
+ "Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context."
166
+ ],
167
+ "citations": [
168
+ "730877",
169
+ "872404",
170
+ "917403",
171
+ "1253039",
172
+ "1281692",
173
+ "1653816",
174
+ "1704182",
175
+ "1915044",
176
+ "2033779",
177
+ "2229935",
178
+ "2368220",
179
+ "2720664",
180
+ "2870464",
181
+ "2913043",
182
+ "2972767",
183
+ "3268922",
184
+ "3477552",
185
+ "3597764",
186
+ "3750202",
187
+ "3860157",
188
+ "4125910",
189
+ "4128908",
190
+ "4149540",
191
+ "4158250",
192
+ "4223056",
193
+ "4292700",
194
+ "4329747",
195
+ "4370767",
196
+ "4513461",
197
+ "4574397",
198
+ "4575876",
199
+ "4587682",
200
+ "4601076",
201
+ "4905990",
202
+ "5199135",
203
+ "5210891",
204
+ "5210911",
205
+ "D341513",
206
+ "5265292",
207
+ "5303874",
208
+ "D346923",
209
+ "5404600",
210
+ "D365485",
211
+ "5509141",
212
+ "5548871",
213
+ "D377879",
214
+ "5603591",
215
+ "5715578",
216
+ "5887299",
217
+ "5887301",
218
+ "5950260",
219
+ "D420780",
220
+ "D426049",
221
+ "6112963",
222
+ "6141805",
223
+ "6199232",
224
+ "6311330",
225
+ "6330949",
226
+ "6349865",
227
+ "6367083",
228
+ "6438774",
229
+ "6557192",
230
+ "D476516",
231
+ "6701580",
232
+ "6842948",
233
+ "2002/0078501",
234
+ "2002/0083525",
235
+ "2002/0104162",
236
+ "2003/0167605",
237
+ "29601617",
238
+ "2369490",
239
+ "6465",
240
+ "115369",
241
+ "898653"
242
+ ],
243
+ "us_classification": "5413R",
244
+ "international_classifications": [
245
+ {
246
+ "classification_level": "A",
247
+ "section": "A",
248
+ "classification_class": "47",
249
+ "subclass": "G",
250
+ "main_group": "9",
251
+ "subgroup": "08"
252
+ }
253
+ ]
254
+ }
json_patents/06983499.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Adjustable bed shields",
3
+ "abstract": "Presently described are several alternate embodiments for shield devices to enclose and thereby prevent entrapment of objects in the interior space formed by elements of an adjustable bed in the raised position. Such shield devices may include physical barriers. In other embodiments, the shield may include optical sensors that provide rapid detection of intruding objects, thereby activating controls that preclude the further movement of the adjustable bed mechanism. In a further embodiment, an operative shield may be provided by means of a specially adapted controller configured such that only an authorized user can cause the adjustable bed to operate, thereby preventing the possibility that the bed could be operated while any object has intruded into the interior space.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Gladney"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983499",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Dreamwell, Ltd."
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. An apparatus for shielding the inner works of an adjustable bed, said adjustable bed having a frame having external dimensions corresponding to a sleeping surface for a person, and a moveable sleeping support section that articulates relative to said frame, comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "a plurality of overlapping nested shield members, said plurality of shield members comprising a lower edge and an upper edge;",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "a first mounting means for attaching said lower edge to said frame; and",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "component": "a second mounting means for attaching said upper edge to said moveable sleeping support section;",
27
+ "subcomponents": []
28
+ }
29
+ ]
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
33
+ "preamble": "2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said overlapping shield members encompass the head and at least an adjacent portion of each of the two sides of said bed.",
34
+ "components": []
35
+ },
36
+ {
37
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
38
+ "preamble": "3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said overlapping shield members encompass the foot and at least an adjacent portion of each of the two sides of said bed.",
39
+ "components": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
43
+ "preamble": "4. An apparatus for shielding the inner works of an adjustable bed, said adjustable bed having a frame with external dimensions corresponding to a sleeping surface for a person, and a moveable sleeping support section that articulates relative to said frame, comprising:",
44
+ "components": [
45
+ {
46
+ "component": "a flexible but imperforated shield member comprised of a plurality of overlapping nested elements, said shield member comprising a lower edge and an upper edge;",
47
+ "subcomponents": []
48
+ },
49
+ {
50
+ "component": "a first mounting means for attaching said lower edge to said frame; and",
51
+ "subcomponents": []
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "component": "a second mounting means for attaching said upper edge to said moveable sleeping support section;",
55
+ "subcomponents": []
56
+ }
57
+ ]
58
+ },
59
+ {
60
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
61
+ "preamble": "5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein said shield member encompasses the head and at least an adjacent portion of each of the two sides of said bed.",
62
+ "components": []
63
+ },
64
+ {
65
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
66
+ "preamble": "6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein said shield member encompasses the foot and at least an adjacent portion of each of the two sides of said bed.",
67
+ "components": []
68
+ }
69
+ ],
70
+ "description": [
71
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
72
+ "The present invention relates to protective guards and safety sensors for use with adjustable bed mechanisms.",
73
+ "2. Description of the Related Art",
74
+ "Certain classes of adjustable beds are well known in the art, typified by conventional fully-articulated hospital beds made by Maxwell and Hill-Rom. These beds generally consist of open steel frames with numerous articulating arms to raise or lower the entire bed platform, the head area, and/or the foot area. Such beds are very heavy and very expensive.",
75
+ "There has been a recent trend in the consumer market to introduce a degree of adjustability into consumer beds for home use. These beds are generally lighter and more compact. There is a risk, however, that the adjustable elements, such as the head or foot portion of the bed, may leave exposed open cavities which can entrap bedclothes or other objects.",
76
+ "What is needed is an apparatus to enclose or otherwise protectively screen off the interior spaces of consumer-market adjustable beds. Preferably such an apparatus is simple to install yet difficult to defeat.",
77
+ "Presently described are several alternate embodiments for a shield apparatus to enclose the interior spaces or cavities formed in adjustable beds when their sleeping surfaces are in the raised (up) position. These shield devices may include both physical barriers that prevent any object from intruding into the open space formed by raised portions of an adjustable bed as well as optical sensors that provide near-instantaneous detection of object intrusion and automatic cessation of further articulation or movement of the adjustable bed. In a further embodiment, the shielding function may be achieved by means of a controller that only authorized users are able to access and thereby cause the adjustable bed to articulate. Such an embodiment precludes the possibility that the bed could be operated while any object has intruded into the bed space and thus prevent entrapment therein.",
78
+ "The present disclosure may be better understood and its numerous features and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings.",
79
+ "FIG. 1 is a side view of an adjustable bed employing a rigid or semi-rigid shield, according to one embodiment of the present invention.",
80
+ "FIG. 2 is an isometric view of an adjustable bed employing a light curtain shield, according to one embodiment of the invention.",
81
+ "FIG. 3 is schematic representation of a access key-coded remote control, according to one embodiment of the present invention.",
82
+ "The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identical items.",
83
+ "In one type of consumer adjustable bed system, the sleeping surface actuation mechanism is fully enclosed within a bed platform. This bed platform then fits directly into a conventional bed frame so that, when the bed is in a flat or retracted position it looks just as any other normal bed or mattress. When actuated by a controller, however, the head and/or the foot can be raised (or articulated) independently of one another or the rest of the sleeping surface.",
84
+ "Raising the head or the foot area leaves an open space between the raised mattress (the \u201csleeping surface\u201d) and the interior of the bed frame. The articulation mechanism is thus exposed within the open space. If the mechanical designs of an adjustable bed mechanism leaves the spaces between articulating components accessible in such situations, the risk of an entrapment hazard may arise. While electronic controls designed to prevent excess pressure from being applied by the electric motors conventionally employed for articulation are well known, such devices do not prevent entrapment; they can only limit the severity of injury.",
85
+ "In accordance with several embodiments of the present invention, a new concept in adjustable bed shielding is herein described. In a first embodiment, shown in FIG. 1, a set of rigid, interlocking guard members 110, 120, and 130 are placed around the head end 107 of the bed, such that when the head is raised the \u201cclamshell\u201d or nested interlocking sections 110-130 extend to block off all access at the head of the bed and on both adjacent sides to the interstitial space between the sleeping surface 175 and the bed frame 105. Clamshell sections 110, 120 and 130 (shown here as three sections only for purposes of clarity; one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that more or fewer sections could also be used) are shown in the up, articulated position.",
86
+ "Bed frame 105 is further protected by bottom guard 140 so that objects or people cannot enter into the shielded mechanism area within bed frame 105 and guard sections 110 through 130. Likewise, on an adjustable bed equipped with an articulating foot section 109, a similar foot guard 150, which may be composed of one or more interlocking and or nested members such as sections 110, may be employed. In this way, a person resting on sleeping surface 175 may adjust, through use of a remote control (not shown), the bed into any comfortable position. At the same time, however, the open spaces underneath the sleeping surface and inside the bed frame 105 are protected by guard panels 110 through 130, 140, and 150.",
87
+ "The guard sections 110 through 130 and 150 may be composed of rigid polymer or other plastic material. Alternatively, heavy textile fabrics for other stiff and impenetrable materials may be used. Flexibility and impenetrability are desirous because the guards need to move repeatedly over the lifetime of the adjustable bed, yet they must not allow objects to poke through into the shielded space. In this context, the undesirable \u201cpoke through\u201d includes perforation as well as flexible deformation of the shield material such at the deforming object enters the shielded space and is thus placed in danger of entrapment. In general, a desirable feature of such guard materials is that any pressure placed upon them should not allow the pressing object to intrude into the articulating mechanism in any way.",
88
+ "Bottom guard 140 may also be composed of rigid polymer or textile fabric material. As bottom guard 140 extends across a substantially flat surface, a number of materials may be used as are conventionally seen in closing out the bottoms of box springs or bed components.",
89
+ "FIG. 2 shows an alternate embodiment for an adjustable bed shield mechanism. Here bed 105 is shown in semi transparent form so that one can see through sleeping surface 175 to the interior of the adjustable bed mechanism space 205. Sensors 210 mounted inside bed 105 are activated when sleeping surface 175 is raised. FIG. 2 shows only the head portion of sleeping surface 175, for clarity. Sensors 210, which may comprise from one to ten or even more sensors, provide an optical curtain between the edge of bed frame 105 and the lower portion of sleeping surface 175. \u201cOptical curtain\u201d is here understood to mean any web or set of optical sensors, although a continuous field is not necessary nor implied.",
90
+ "Sensors 210 may be conventional optical emitter/detector units as are commonly used in industrial controls and safety systems. For example, as required by current federal law, all garage door openers must have \u201celectric eye\u201d sensors that both emit and detect an optical beam. If the beam is interrupted, circuitry within the opener systems prevent the door from closing. Some of these sensors are commonly known to use a combined beam emitter/detector unit on one side of the opening and a reflector on the other, so that the emitted beam is reflected back to the receiver when the opening is clear of obstructions. Other conventional systems employ separate emitter and detector pairs. Although a combined emitter/detector and reflector combination is described herein, those skilled in the art will realize that emitters and detectors in various conventional configurations can be used. Accordingly, the invention is not limited to any particular type of optical sensor.",
91
+ "In an exemplary embodiment, when a user attempts to lower an articulated portion of the bed (e.g., the head or the foot) and the beam in any one of optical sensors 210 is interrupted, the articulation mechanism stops, thereby preventing entrapment.",
92
+ "It should be understood in this context the use of the terms electric eye, light curtain, or optical sensor are interchangeable. All of these devices function by means of one or more optical beams and one or more detectors that sense the presence of the beam(s) emitted by one or more distant emitters, as described above. In operation, such sensors typically provide a \u201cclosed circuit\u201d or \u201csafe\u201d signal when the beam is emitted and received. That signal ceases or is interrupted when the beam is interrupted. This may occur either because the beam emitter has failed or the receiver can no longer see the beam, as when something has interposed itself between the emitter and the receiver. Regardless of the cause of the interruption of the signal, a mechanism conventionally controlled or regulated by such sensor devices then ceases operating.",
93
+ "In the third embodiment of a shielding apparatus for an adjustable bed, the above-described conventional remote control may be modified so that it can only be operated by authorized users. As well-known in the art, remote controls (either wired or wireless) are often used with adjustable beds. However, in the hospital bed context, such devices are often kept out of reach of patients and are not available to the casual user. In the context of a consumer product, however, an additional measure of safety is desired. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention, a specialized remote control is adapted to require the entry of a key code or \u201cPIN\u201d number in order to unlock the movement functions of the bed. FIG. 3 shows a rough schematic mock-up of such a modified remote control. Those of ordinary skill in the art may of course recognize that remote controls may take many shapes and forms. The necessary features described with regard to FIG. 3 can therefore appear under many different guises and still fall within the scope and spirit of the present invention.",
94
+ "Remote control 300 consists of a numeric key pad area 310 shown by a dotted line, unlock key 315, and lock key 320. In an exemplary embodiment, when the user enters a multi-digit PIN code with key pad 310 and depresses the unlock key 315, articulation control buttons 330 are activated and the bed may be adjusted. In some embodiments, after a preset time-out the unit reverts to a locked state. In an alternative embodiment, the unit can be left unlocked by the user and locked simply by depressing the locked key at any time, so that user may prevent children or other unauthorized persons from adjusting the bed.",
95
+ "Although a remote control device in the general form of a television remote is shown, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that many other forms are possible. For example (and not by way of limitation), remotes using biometric or fingerprint identification could be programmed (\u201ckeyed\u201d) to individual users, thereby eliminating the need for keypads. Switches, such as the well-known rocker switch, instead of a keypad could also be used. Alternatively, knobs, dials, or studs could be manipulated in a pattern to unlock the remote control functions. In a further alternate embodiment, a remote control mechanism similar to mechanism 300 shown in FIG. 3 may be fitted with a special mechanical key device so that it can only be operated when a physical key is in place. In such embodiments, the user can disable the bed by simply removing the key and storing it in a safe place. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not limited to any single form of lockable remote control that can render an adjustable be inoperative.",
96
+ "While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from this invention in its broader aspect and, therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit of this invention."
97
+ ],
98
+ "citations": [
99
+ "3667075",
100
+ "5224228",
101
+ "5528782",
102
+ "6505364"
103
+ ],
104
+ "us_classification": "5424",
105
+ "international_classifications": [
106
+ {
107
+ "classification_level": "A",
108
+ "section": "A",
109
+ "classification_class": "61",
110
+ "subclass": "G",
111
+ "main_group": "7",
112
+ "subgroup": "015"
113
+ }
114
+ ]
115
+ }
json_patents/06983500.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Fitted sheets with elastic side segments",
3
+ "abstract": "A fitted cornerless bedclothing item such as a sheet, mattress pad, anti-allergy cover, blanket or coverlet includes a top portion, side portions and end portions, and elastic segments stitched to edges of respective side and end portions. One or more elastic bindings are provided at lower edges of the side and end portions to cause the tops of the elastic segments to be positioned below the respective upper corners of the mattress on which the bedclothing item is mounted, such that no ears or pockets are formed when the bedclothing item is mounted on mattresses of at least two different sizes and/or thicknesses. The elastic segments are made of knitted or woven elastic filaments, such as SPANDEX\u00ae fabric, and can be shaped to have a straight lower edge and a curved upper edge, the curved upper edge advantageously approximating an end of an ellipse.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Wootten"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983500",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [],
10
+ "claims": [
11
+ {
12
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
13
+ "preamble": "1. A fitted bedclothing item which is cornerless and can be mounted on different sized and/or thickness mattresses, said fitted bedclothing item comprising a top portion, opposite side portions defining lower edges, opposite end portions defining lower edges, and separate elastic segments connected between adjacent side and end portions to enable the bedclothing item to extend around and under the sides and ends of more than one size and/or thickness of mattress, with upper ends of the elastic segments being positioned below upper corners of the mattress, wherein each elastic segment has a generally straight bottom edge and an upper edge which extends from one end of the bottom edge to an opposite end along a curve, said curved upper edge generally conforming to an end portion of an ellipse.",
14
+ "components": []
15
+ },
16
+ {
17
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
18
+ "preamble": "2. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , wherein each elastic segment is formed of elastic filaments.",
19
+ "components": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
23
+ "preamble": "3. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 2 , wherein each elastic segment is made of knitted or woven elastic filaments.",
24
+ "components": []
25
+ },
26
+ {
27
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
28
+ "preamble": "4. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , wherein said elastic segments are stitched to adjacent side edges of said corner and end portions.",
29
+ "components": []
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
33
+ "preamble": "5. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , including an elastic binder that extends along the lower edges of the side and end portions to cause lower areas of the side and end portions to extend inwardly under a lower surface of a mattress.",
34
+ "components": []
35
+ },
36
+ {
37
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
38
+ "preamble": "6. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , which is made of cotton.",
39
+ "components": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
43
+ "preamble": "7. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , which is made of linen.",
44
+ "components": []
45
+ },
46
+ {
47
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
48
+ "preamble": "8. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , which is made of flannel.",
49
+ "components": []
50
+ },
51
+ {
52
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
53
+ "preamble": "9. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , which is made of satin or sateen.",
54
+ "components": []
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
58
+ "preamble": "10. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , which can fit both a twin and a twin XL mattress.",
59
+ "components": []
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
63
+ "preamble": "11. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , which can fit both a full size and a queen size mattress.",
64
+ "components": []
65
+ },
66
+ {
67
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
68
+ "preamble": "12. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , which is sized to fit both an Eastern king and a California king mattress.",
69
+ "components": []
70
+ },
71
+ {
72
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
73
+ "preamble": "13. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , including separate elastic strips connected between respective side and end portions at each corner thereof.",
74
+ "components": []
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
78
+ "preamble": "14. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , which is a fitted sheet.",
79
+ "components": []
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
83
+ "preamble": "15. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , which is a fitted mattress pad.",
84
+ "components": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
88
+ "preamble": "16. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , which is a fitted anti-allergy cover.",
89
+ "components": []
90
+ },
91
+ {
92
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
93
+ "preamble": "17. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , which is a fitted blanket.",
94
+ "components": []
95
+ },
96
+ {
97
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
98
+ "preamble": "18. A fitted bedclothing item according to claim 1 , which is a fitted coverlet.",
99
+ "components": []
100
+ },
101
+ {
102
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
103
+ "preamble": "19. A combination of a mattress defining a top surface, a bottom surface, sides and ends, and a fitted cornerless bedclothing item mounted thereon, said fitted bedclothing item comprising a top portion, opposite side portions defining lower edges, opposite end portions defining lower edges, and separate elastic segments connected between adjacent side and end portions to enable the bedclothing item to extend around and under the sides and ends of more than one size and/or thickness of mattress, said elastic segments when unstretched defining a generally straight bottom edge and an upper edge which extends from one end of said bottom edge to an opposite end thereof along a curve generally conforming to an end portion of an ellipse, an upper end of each segment being positioned below an upper corner of said mattress, said segments creating no pockets or ears.",
104
+ "components": []
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
108
+ "preamble": "20. A combination according to claim 19 , wherein said elastic segments are located offset relative to corners of said mattress.",
109
+ "components": []
110
+ }
111
+ ],
112
+ "description": [
113
+ "This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 10/231,050, filed Aug. 30, 2002 (now abandoned), the priority of which is hereby claimed.",
114
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
115
+ "The present invention relates to bedding, and in particular to fitted bedclothes for a mattress.",
116
+ "2. The Prior Art",
117
+ "Fitted bedclothes for mattresses, e.g., fitted sheets, mattress pads, blankets, anti-allergy covers and coverlets (hereinafter referred to as fitted bedclothing items, or in the singular as a fitted bedclothing item) are of course well known and conventionally provide a top portion which is sized to cover the top surface of the mattress, and side and end portions which cover the sides and ends of the mattress, the lower edges of the side and end portions usually including an elastic to cause the lower areas of the side and end portions to extend inwardly under the lower surface of the mattress to help tighten the fitted bedclothing item around the mattress and securely position it in place. The corners of the fitted bedclothing items, which are formed by connecting the side and end portions by stitching to form upwardly-extending seams, fit tightly against the corners of the mattress. In addition, it is known to connect elastic strips between the lower edges of respective adjacent side and end portions of a fitted sheet to better retain the sheet on the mattress (see my U.S. Pat. No. 5,513,403).",
118
+ "However, such prior art fitted bedclothing items are specifically sized to fit mattresses having certain horizontal dimensions (lengths and widths) and certain thicknesses, and cannot fit mattresses having differing horizontal dimensions and/or different thicknesses. This forces retailers and wholesalers of the bedclothing items to stock a large inventory sufficient to fit the different horizontal dimensions and vertical thicknesses of mattresses currently available, which in the U.S. market include twin, twin XL, full, full XL, queen, California queen, Olympic queen, Eastern king and California king, all of which can be purchased in vertical thicknesses from 4 to over 20 inches when taking into consideration pillow-top upper surfaces. It also forces purchasers to buy specifically-sized fitted bedclothing items for each size of mattress in their household or establishment. In addition, the sewn vertical corners of the fitted bedclothing items create undesirable ears or pockets (bulges) at the upper ends of the seams which extend upwardly of the upper surface of the bedclothing item when placed on a mattress.",
119
+ "A need exists for fitted bedclothing items which can be satisfactorily used with mattresses of at least two differing horizontal sizes and/or vertical thicknesses, thus reducing the number of sizes of fitted bedclothing items that the wholesaler and retailer must stock and the number of different sizes of bedclothing items that the purchaser needs to buy. A need also exists for fitted bedclothing items which, when mounted on a mattress, will have no seam ears or pockets at its corners.",
120
+ "According to this invention, a fitted bedclothing item, such as a sheet, mattress pad, anti-allergy cover, blanket or coverlet which can be made of commonly used fabric materials, such as cotton, linen, flannel, satin, sateen, etc., includes a top portion, opposite side portions and opposite end portions, and elastic segments connected between adjacent edges of respective side and end portions, such elastic segments providing the flexibility to enable the bedclothing item to satisfactorily fit around and under mattresses of at least two differing horizontal sizes and/or vertical thicknesses. Such elastic segments will not create ears or pockets as with prior art bedclothing items. Each of the elastic segments is made of an elastic material containing elastic filaments that are preferably woven or knitted, such as SPANDEX\u00ae fabric.",
121
+ "A better understanding of the invention will be had by reference to the accompanying drawings, taken in conjunction with the following discussion.",
122
+ "In the drawings,",
123
+ "FIG. 1 is a top view of a fitted bedclothing item in the form of a sheet according to a preferred embodiment of the invention when mounted on a mattress of a first horizontal size and thickness,",
124
+ "FIG. 2 is a side view of the fitted sheet and mattress of FIG. 1,",
125
+ "FIG. 3 is a top view of the fitted sheet of FIG. 1 when mounted on a mattress of a second, larger horizontal size and thickness,",
126
+ "FIG. 4 is a side view of the fitted sheet and mattress of FIG. 3,",
127
+ "FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the fitted sheet and mattress of FIG. 3,",
128
+ "FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of a corner of the fitted sheet and mattress of FIG. 1,",
129
+ "FIG. 7 is a view of the fitted sheet in FIG. 6 as seen along line 7\u20147, and",
130
+ "FIG. 8 is a view of an elastic segment used in a corner of the fitted sheet of FIG. 1.",
131
+ "A fitted sheet 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1-7. In FIGS. 1 and 2 the sheet 10 is shown mounted on a mattress 80 having a first horizontal size and thickness, and in FIGS. 3 and 4 it is shown mounted on a mattress 81 having a second horizontal size and thickness. More specifically, the mattress 80 is a full size having a thickness of 12 inches and mattress 81 is a queen XL (extra long) size having a thickness of 16 inches. The sheet 10, which is made of a conventional fabric material, provides a top portion 11, opposite side portions 12 and 13, and opposite end portions 14 and 15. An elastic binding 20 is attached to the lower edges of the side and end portions in a conventional manner to secure the sheet on the mattress, and elastic strips 25-28 are connected to the lower edges of adjacent side and end portions so as to help retain the sheet on the mattress.",
132
+ "The side and end portions of the sheet 10 are not straight edged and sewn together to form fixed upwardly-extending seams as in prior art fitted sheets, but instead define curved edges, and respective elastic segments 30, 31, 32 and 33 are connected therebetween and to the elastic band 20. These elastic segments, which can be connected to the adjacent side edges of the side and end portions of the sheet 10 by stitching 50 (see FIG. 7), provide such flexibility along the sides of the sheet that the sheet can be easily stretched to fit a wider, longer and thicker mattress, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. For example, a sheet of the invention which fits a standard twin size mattress of a first thickness also fits a twin size XL of a second thickness, a sheet which fits a full size mattress of a first thickness also fits a queen size mattress of a second thickness, a sheet sized which fits a California queen mattress of a first thickness also fits an Olympic queen of a second thickness, a sheet which fits an Eastern king of a first thickness also fits a California king mattress of a second thickness, etc. As such, a retailer can stock far fewer sizes of fitted sheets and still accommodate all the mattress sizes on the market.",
133
+ "When the sheet 10 of the invention is fitted on a mattress for which it is designed, elastic band 20 will cause the tops of the segments 30, 31, 32 and 33 to be located below the upper corners of the mattress (see FIG. 6). As such, the sheet 10 can be termed cornerless, and no ears or pockets of sheet material will be created. It should be noted that the elastic segments 30, 31, 32 and 33 in fact need not be located relative to the sides and ends of the sheet so as to be exactly centered at the corners of the mattress on which the sheet is fitted but can be somewhat off centered relative thereto. This is advantageous because the lack of criticality in the location of these segments lowers the cost of production insofar as it reduces the number of products which must be considered irregular, miscut or poor fitting.",
134
+ "As shown in FIG. 8, the unstretched elastic segments are shaped to have a generally straight lower edge 30a (the edge attached to the elastic band 20) and a curved upper edge 30b, which extends from one end of the lower edge to an opposite end, generally conforms to the curve at an end of an ellipse. The opposite sides of the curved upper edge are connected to the respective side and end portions of the sheet 10. The lower edge can, for example, be 28 inches long, and the maximum height of the upper edge thereabove can be, say, 24 inches.",
135
+ "Although a preferred embodiment of the invention has now been shown and described, modifications therein can be made and still fall within the scope of the appended claims. For example, the invention can be applied to fitted mattress pads of the type wherein the pad extends along the sides and ends of the mattress, fitted blankets, fitted anti-allergy covers and fitted coverlets such as comforters. And the elastic segments can have shapes other than as shown in FIG. 8, e.g., the upper edges 30b can be circular or crescent-shaped or some other curved configuration; indeed, the segments can be square or rectangular or any other shape which will provide the desired stetching ability. Furthermore, the bedclothing item need not include an elastic binding that extends along the entirety of the lower edges of the side and end portions, but can include separate elastic bindings in only the areas where the elastic segments are located. Also the elastic strips 25-28 are not essential but are optional for fitting purposes."
136
+ ],
137
+ "citations": [
138
+ "2624893",
139
+ "3013283",
140
+ "3114156",
141
+ "4980941",
142
+ "5029353",
143
+ "5479664",
144
+ "5513403"
145
+ ],
146
+ "us_classification": "5497",
147
+ "international_classifications": [
148
+ {
149
+ "classification_level": "A",
150
+ "section": "A",
151
+ "classification_class": "47",
152
+ "subclass": "G",
153
+ "main_group": "9",
154
+ "subgroup": "04"
155
+ }
156
+ ]
157
+ }
json_patents/06983501.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Ob/Gyn stretcher",
3
+ "abstract": "A patient support apparatus includes a base, a frame coupled to the base, and a deck coupled to the frame. The frame includes a storage portion. The deck includes a head section, a seat section and first and second laterally spaced apart outer leg support sections adjacent the seat section. The seat section and the first and second outer leg support sections being configured to define a central opening therebetween. The apparatus also includes a removable center leg support configured for movement between a first position located within the central opening and coupled to the deck to provide a portion of the deck and a second storage position detached from the deck and located in the storage portion of the frame and below the deck.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Heimbrock",
6
+ "Turner"
7
+ ],
8
+ "document_number": "06983501",
9
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
10
+ "assignees": [
11
+ "Hill-Rom Services, Inc."
12
+ ],
13
+ "claims": [
14
+ {
15
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
16
+ "preamble": "1. A patient support apparatus comprising:",
17
+ "components": [
18
+ {
19
+ "component": "a base,",
20
+ "subcomponents": []
21
+ },
22
+ {
23
+ "component": "a frame coupled to the base, the frame including a storage portion,",
24
+ "subcomponents": []
25
+ },
26
+ {
27
+ "component": "a deck coupled to the frame, the deck including a head section, a seat section and first and second laterally spaced apart outer leg support sections adjacent the seat section, the seat section and the first and second outer leg support sections being configured to define a central opening therebetween,",
28
+ "subcomponents": []
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "component": "a removable center leg support configured for movement between a first position located within the central opening and coupled to the deck to provide a portion of the deck and a second storage position detached from the deck and located in the storage portion of the frame and below the deck,",
32
+ "subcomponents": []
33
+ },
34
+ {
35
+ "component": "wherein the frame is formed to include a first receptacle and the deck is formed to include a second receptacle, and",
36
+ "subcomponents": []
37
+ },
38
+ {
39
+ "component": "a removable calf support including a mounting portion, the mounting portion configured to be received in the first receptacle to retain the removable calf support beneath the deck with at least a portion of the calf support extending from the first receptacle, the mounting portion being configured to be received in the second receptacle such that the removable calf support is oriented to support a patient's leg above the deck.",
40
+ "subcomponents": []
41
+ }
42
+ ]
43
+ },
44
+ {
45
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
46
+ "preamble": "2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the frame has a longitudinal axis, and wherein the mounting portion of the calf support is configured to extend in a direction generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the frame when the removable calf support is located in the first receptacle, the mounting portion of the removable calf support being configured to extend in a direction generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame when the removable calf support is in the second receptacle.",
47
+ "components": []
48
+ },
49
+ {
50
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
51
+ "preamble": "3. A patient support apparatus comprising:",
52
+ "components": [
53
+ {
54
+ "component": "a base,",
55
+ "subcomponents": []
56
+ },
57
+ {
58
+ "component": "a frame coupled to the base, the frame being formed to include a first receptacle,",
59
+ "subcomponents": []
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "component": "a deck configured to support the patient, the deck being formed to include a second receptacle, and",
63
+ "subcomponents": []
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "component": "a removable calf support including a mounting portion, the mounting portion configured to be received in the first receptacle to retain the removable calf support beneath the deck with at least a portion of the calf support extending from the first receptacle, the mounting portion being configured to be received in the second receptacle such that the removable calf support is oriented to support a patient's leg above the deck.",
67
+ "subcomponents": []
68
+ }
69
+ ]
70
+ },
71
+ {
72
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
73
+ "preamble": "4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the frame has a longitudinal axis, and wherein the mounting portion of the calf support is configured to extend in a direction generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the frame when the removable calf support is located in the first receptacle, the mounting portion of the removable calf support being configured to extend in a direction generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame when the removable calf support is in the second receptacle.",
74
+ "components": []
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
78
+ "preamble": "5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the calf support includes a calf support surface coupled to the mounting portion by an adjustable linkage.",
79
+ "components": []
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
83
+ "preamble": "6. A patient support apparatus comprising:",
84
+ "components": [
85
+ {
86
+ "component": "a frame having a first receptacle,",
87
+ "subcomponents": []
88
+ },
89
+ {
90
+ "component": "a deck having a second receptacle, and",
91
+ "subcomponents": []
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "component": "a removable calf support including a mounting shaft, the mounting shaft configured to be received in the first receptacle to retain the removable calf support beneath the deck with at least a portion of the calf support extending from the first receptacle, the mounting shaft being configured to be received in the second receptacle such that the removable calf support is oriented to support a patient's leg above the deck.",
95
+ "subcomponents": []
96
+ }
97
+ ]
98
+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
101
+ "preamble": "7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the calf support includes a calf support tray and an adjustable linkage coupled to the calf support tray and coupled to the mounting shaft.",
102
+ "components": []
103
+ },
104
+ {
105
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
106
+ "preamble": "8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the calf support tray has a concave calf support surface.",
107
+ "components": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
111
+ "preamble": "9. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the calf support tray has a rounded perimeter.",
112
+ "components": []
113
+ },
114
+ {
115
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
116
+ "preamble": "10. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the adjustable linkage includes a lockable joint.",
117
+ "components": []
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
121
+ "preamble": "11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the lockable joint is a ball joint.",
122
+ "components": []
123
+ },
124
+ {
125
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
126
+ "preamble": "12. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the lockable joint includes a ball coupled to the calf support tray and a socket coupled to the mounting shaft.",
127
+ "components": []
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
131
+ "preamble": "13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the adjustable linkage includes an offset arm extending outwardly from the mounting shaft and coupled to the socket, and the mounting shaft, when received in the second receptacle, is rotatable about a central axis of the second receptacle.",
132
+ "components": []
133
+ },
134
+ {
135
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
136
+ "preamble": "14. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the adjustable linkage includes an offset arm extending outwardly from the mounting shaft and coupled to the calf support tray, and the mounting shaft, when received in the second receptacle, is rotatable about a central axis of the second receptacle.",
137
+ "components": []
138
+ },
139
+ {
140
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
141
+ "preamble": "15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the offset arm is coupled to the calf support tray by a lockable joint.",
142
+ "components": []
143
+ },
144
+ {
145
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
146
+ "preamble": "16. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the first receptacle extends generally parallel to a longitudinal axis of the frame.",
147
+ "components": []
148
+ },
149
+ {
150
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
151
+ "preamble": "17. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the frame includes first and second longitudinally-extending channels which are spaced apart, and the first receptacle is positioned laterally inwardly of one of the first and second channels.",
152
+ "components": []
153
+ },
154
+ {
155
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
156
+ "preamble": "18. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the second receptacle extends generally perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the frame.",
157
+ "components": []
158
+ },
159
+ {
160
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
161
+ "preamble": "19. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the second receptacle is coupled to an outside surface of the deck.",
162
+ "components": []
163
+ },
164
+ {
165
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
166
+ "preamble": "20. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the mounting shaft has a gripping portion.",
167
+ "components": []
168
+ }
169
+ ],
170
+ "description": [
171
+ "This application is a division of U.S. Ser. No. 10/090,723, filed Mar. 4, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,618,882 U.S. Ser. No. 10/090,723 is itself a division of U.S. Ser. No. 09/780,803, filed Feb. 9, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,412,126. U.S. Ser. No. 09/780,803 is in turn a division of U.S. Ser. No. 09/131,080, filed Aug. 7, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,282,738. U.S. Ser. No. 10/090,723; U.S. Ser. No. 09/780,803 and U.S. Ser. No. 09/131,080 are all assigned to the same assignee as this application, and are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.",
172
+ "The present invention relates to medical stretchers, and particularly to stretchers used for patients requiring treatment or examination of the pelvic region, such as during labor and delivery or during gynecological examinations. More particularly, the present invention relates to stretchers convertible between a conventional stretcher configuration that supports the patient in a recumbent position and an Ob/Gyn configuration that supports the patient in a parturition or lithotomy position while providing medical caregivers improved patient access.",
173
+ "Hospital emergency rooms and maternity units often receive patients that require handling in both a recumbent position and in a parturition or lithotomy position. For example, a maternity patient will typically remain in a recumbent position during labor, with her legs resting on a mattress surface, and then assume a parturition or lithotomy position to facilitate childbirth. During labor there often is also a need for the medical caregiver, such as a nurse or doctor, to have access to the patient's pelvic region, for example to assess cervical dilation, after which time the patient again assumes a recumbent position. Patients and care givers thus benefit from medical stretchers that both allows the patient to lie in a conventional, recumbent position and that convert to a configuration to support the patient in a parturition or lithotomy position while simultaneously providing the care giver with improved access to the patient's pelvic region.",
174
+ "According to one aspect of the present invention, a patient support apparatus includes a base, a frame coupled to the base, and a deck coupled to the frame. The frame includes a storage portion. The deck includes a head section, a seat section and first and second laterally spaced apart outer leg support sections adjacent the seat section. The seat section and the first and second outer leg support sections being configured to define a central opening therebetween. The apparatus also includes a removable center leg support configured for movement between a first position located within the central opening and coupled to the deck to provide a portion of the deck and a second storage position detached from the deck and located in the storage portion of the frame and below the deck.",
175
+ "The illustrated embodiment includes a latch coupled to the center leg support to secure the center leg support to the deck in the first position. The illustrated latch includes a pin coupled to the center leg support. The pin is configured to enter a pin-receiving receptacle formed in the deck. The center leg support also includes an actuator coupled to the latch. The actuator is configured to move the latch between a latched position to lock the center leg support in the first position and an unlatched position. The illustrated actuator includes a cable assembly having a first end coupled to the latch and a second end coupled to a handle. The center leg support includes a bottom surface formed to include a recess configured to receive at least a portion of the cable assembly.",
176
+ "The illustrated apparatus also includes at least one pivot block coupled to the frame. The pivot block is configured to support the center leg support in the first position. The pivot block includes a pin and the center leg support includes a pin-receiving receptacle configured to engage the pin when the center leg support is in the first position. The pin-receiving receptacle is illustratively formed by a bar coupled to a bottom surface of the center leg support.",
177
+ "The center leg support includes a bottom having a support surface and at least one guide surface cooperating with the at least one pivot block to align and hold the center leg support in the first position. Illustratively, at least one ramp surface is located adjacent the support surface to facilitate movement of the center leg support onto the at least one pivot block.",
178
+ "The illustrated embodiment includes first and second pivot blocks coupled to the frame. The center leg support includes a bottom support surface configured to engage the pivot blocks and hold the center leg support in the first position. The center leg support further includes first and second spaced apart guides located adjacent the bottom support surface. The guides are configured to position the center leg support relative to the first and second pivot blocks. The first and second pivot blocks each include a pin and the center leg support includes a pin-receiving receptacle configured to engage the pins when the center leg support is in the first position.",
179
+ "The illustrated center leg support includes a first latch coupled to a first side portion of the center leg support and a second latch coupled to a second side portion of the center leg support. The first and second latches are configured to couple the center leg support section to the deck adjacent the first and second outer leg support sections, respectively. A single actuator is coupled to the first and second latches for selectively latching and unlatching both the first and second latches.",
180
+ "The illustrated embodiment also includes a siderail coupled to the frame. The siderail is formed to include a grip portion. The siderail illustratively includes a plurality of support bars pivotably coupled to the frame. At least one of the support bars is configured to define the grip portion. The illustrated grip portion is padded and located adjacent a foot end of the frame.",
181
+ "According to another aspect of the present invention, a patient support apparatus includes a base, a frame coupled to the base, and a deck coupled to the frame. The frame includes a first open channel and a second closed channel. The first and second channels are spaced apart and extend long a longitudinal axis of the frame. The deck is configured to support a patient. The apparatus also includes first and second rollers coupled to the deck. The first roller is located in the first open channel and the second roller being located in the second closed channel to permit longitudinal movement of the deck relative to the frame.",
182
+ "The apparatus further includes a latch coupled between the deck and the frame. The latch is movable between a latched position to prevent movement of the deck relative to the frame in an unlatched position to allow longitudinal movement of the deck relative to the frame. The illustrated latch is movable to a first latched position when the deck is in a first position relative to the frame. The latch also is movable to the second latched position when the deck is moved to a second position relative to the frame.",
183
+ "According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a mattress includes a head section, a seat section, and first and second outer leg support sections. The seat section and the first and second outer leg support sections are configured to define a central opening therebetween. The apparatus also includes a drip flap coupled to the seat section and first and second outer leg support sections. The drip flap is configured to extend downwardly below a bottom surface of the mattress adjacent the central opening of the mattress.",
184
+ "The illustrated first and second outer leg sections each include a heel cut-out portion. The apparatus also includes first and second flexible portions coupled between the seat section and the first and second outer leg support sections, respectively, to permit relative movement between the first and second outer leg sections and the seat section of the mattress. The head section, seat section, and first and second outer leg support sections are illustratively made from a first foam material, and the flexible portions are illustratively made from a second foam material. The second foam material has a density less than the first foam material.",
185
+ "The illustrated apparatus further includes first and second foot straps coupled to the first and second outer leg support sections of the mattress, respectively. The illustrated apparatus further includes at least one fastener coupled to a bottom surface of the mattress to facilitate attachment of the mattress to a support surface.",
186
+ "The illustrated drip flap extends further downwardly below the bottom surface of the mattress adjacent the first and second outer leg support sections than adjacent the seat section. The illustrated apparatus also includes at least one bevel cut segment extending between a top surface and a bottom surface of the mattress. The first and second outer leg support sections are formed to include bevel cuts to facilitate access to a control handle when the mattress is positioned on a frame of a patient support surface.",
187
+ "According to a further aspect of the present invention, a patient support apparatus includes a base, a frame coupled to the base, and a deck coupled to the frame. The frame has a head end and a foot end. The deck is movable relative to the frame along a longitudinal axis of the frame toward the foot end of the frame. The apparatus also includes a latch coupled between the deck and the frame. The latch is movable between a latched position to prevent movement of the deck relative to the frame and an unlatched position to allow longitudinal movement of the deck relative to the frame. The apparatus further includes an actuator coupled to the latch to move the latch between the latched and unlatched positions. The actuator is coupled to the deck adjacent a foot end portion of the deck for access by a caregiver while moving the deck toward the foot end of the frame.",
188
+ "The illustrated latch includes a pin coupled to the deck which is configured to enter a receptacle formed in the frame. The illustrated deck includes a head section, a seat section and first and second laterally spaced outer leg support sections adjacent the seat section. The actuator is coupled to one of the first and second outer leg support sections. The illustrated actuator is coupled to a foot end of the first outer leg support section.",
189
+ "In the illustrated apparatus, the latch includes first and second latches. Each of the first and second latches is movable between a latched position to prevent movement of the deck relative to the frame and an unlatched position to allow longitudinal movement of the deck relative to the frame. The illustrated actuator includes a first actuator coupled to the first latch to move the first latch between the latched and unlatched positions and a second actuator coupled to second latch to move the second latch between the latched and unlatched positions. The first and second actuators are both located adjacent the foot end portion of the deck and illustratively are coupled to the first outer leg section and the second outer leg section, respectively. In this embodiment, the first and second actuators must both be actuated to release the deck from the frame.",
190
+ "The illustrated embodiment also includes a siderail pivotably coupled to the frame by first and second swing arms, and a cam surface coupled to the deck. The cam surface is configured to engage the first swing arm as the deck moves relative to the frame to pivot the siderail outwardly relative to the frame.",
191
+ "According to a still further aspect of the present invention, a patient support apparatus includes a base, a frame coupled to the base, and a deck coupled to the frame to support the patient. The deck includes a support surface pivotably coupled to the deck by a linkage. The apparatus also includes an actuator coupled to the linkage to selectively lock and unlock the linkage to permit adjustment of the orientation of the support surface, and a covering configured to surround at least a portion of the support surface and the linkage to facilitate cleaning of the linkage.",
192
+ "The illustrated deck includes a head section, a seat section, and first and second laterally spaced outer leg support sections coupled to the seat section by first and second linkages, respectively. The seat section and the first and second outer leg support sections are configured to define a central opening therebetween. First and second coverings are configured to surround at least a portion of the first and second outer leg support sections and the first and second linkages, respectively.",
193
+ "The illustrated covering includes a bellows portion located over the linkage to permit movement of the linkage. The illustrated covering also surrounds the actuator and is formed from a flexible, elastomeric material.",
194
+ "According to an additional aspect of the present invention, a patient support apparatus includes a base, a frame coupled to the base, and a deck configured to support the patient. The frame is formed to include a first receptacle, and the deck is formed to include a second receptacle. The apparatus also includes a removable calf support having a mounting portion configured to be located in the first receptacle to store the removable calf support beneath the deck. The mounting portion is configured to be located in the second receptacle to support a patient's leg above the deck.",
195
+ "The illustrated mounting portion of the calf support is configured to extend in a direction generally parallel to a longitudinal axis of the frame when the removable calf support is located in the first receptacle. The mounting portion of the removable calf support is configured to extend in a direction generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame when the removable calf support is in the second receptacle. The illustrated calf support includes a calf support surface coupled to the mounting portion by an adjustable linkage.",
196
+ "According to another aspect of the present invention, a patient support apparatus includes a base, a plurality of casters coupled to the base, a frame coupled to the base, and a deck coupled to the frame. The deck is configured to support the patient. The deck includes a head section, a seat section and first and second laterally spaced apart outer leg support sections adjacent the seat section. The seat section and the first and second outer leg support sections are configured to define a central opening therebetween. The apparatus also includes a lighting system having a light source coupled to one of the base, the frame, and the deck spaced apart from the central opening of the deck. The lighting system also includes a light head coupled to the light source. The light head is located adjacent the central opening of the deck to permit examination of the patient located on the deck.",
197
+ "The illustrated light head is positioned adjacent a foot end of the deck. The illustrated lighting system includes a fiber optic connection between the light source and the light head. A flexible connector is coupled to the light head to hold the light head in a desired position relative to the deck. The illustrated flexible connector is configured to be received within a receptacle formed in the frame. The illustrated lighting system includes a power cord coupled to the light source. The power cord is configured to be coupled to a power outlet to supply power to the light source. The illustrated apparatus further includes a clip coupled to one of the base, frame and deck. The clip is configured to hold the light head in a storage position.",
198
+ "According to a further aspect of the present invention, a patient support apparatus includes a base, a frame coupled to the base, and a deck coupled to the frame. The frame includes first and second channels which are spaced apart and configured to extend along a longitudinal axis of the frame. The deck is configured to support the patient. The apparatus also includes first and second lifting mechanisms coupled to the base. The first lifting mechanism is pivotably coupled to the frame. The apparatus further includes a coupler coupled to the second lifting mechanism. The coupler includes first and second rollers located in the first and second channels of the frame, respectively, to couple the second lifting mechanism to the frame, thereby permitting movement of the coupler and the second lifting mechanism relative to the frame.",
199
+ "The illustrated coupler includes a bar coupled to a top end of the second lifting mechanism and extending generally transverse to the longitudinal axis of the frame. The first roller is coupled to a first end of the bar, and the second roller is coupled to a second end of the bar. The first and second rollers are configured to move toward an end of the frame away from the first lifting mechanism when the first and second lifting mechanisms are adjusted to different heights relative to each other. Illustratively, the first channel is an open channel and the second channel is a closed channel.",
200
+ "According to a further aspect of the present invention, a patient support apparatus includes a base, a frame coupled to the base, and a deck coupled to the frame to support the patient. The deck is movable relative to the frame along a longitudinal axis of the frame. The deck includes support surface pivotably coupled to the deck by a linkage. The apparatus also includes a latch coupled between the deck and the frame. The latch is movable between a latched position to prevent movement of the deck relative to the frame and an unlatched position to allow longitudinal movement of the deck relative to the frame. The apparatus further includes a locking mechanism coupled to the support surface to hold the support surface in a selected position relative to the deck, and an actuator coupled to the locking mechanism to selectively release the locking mechanism. The actuator also is coupled to the latch to move the latch between the latched and unlatched positions so that when the actuator is actuated, the latch is unlatched to permit movement of the deck relative to the frame and the locking mechanism is released to permit movement of the support surface relative to the deck.",
201
+ "In the illustrated embodiment, the actuator is located adjacent a foot end of the deck on the support surface. The illustrated support surface is a leg support surface, and the actuator is located adjacent a foot end of the leg support surface. The illustrative actuator includes a first cable having a first end coupled to the latch and a second end coupled to a handle of the actuator and a second cable having a first end coupled to the locking mechanism and a second end coupled to the handle of the actuator.",
202
+ "According to a further aspect of the present invention, a patient support apparatus includes a base, a frame coupled to the base, and a deck coupled to the frame. The deck is movable relative to the frame along a longitudinal axis of the frame. The deck includes a head section, a seat section and first and second laterally spaced apart outer leg support sections adjacent the seat section. The first and second outer leg support sections are pivotable relative to the seat section of the deck. The apparatus also includes a latch coupled between the deck and the frame. The latch is movable between a latched position to prevent movement of the deck relative to the frame and an unlatched position to allow longitudinal movement of the deck relative to the frame. The apparatus further includes first and second locking mechanisms coupled to the first and second outer leg support sections, respectively, to hold the first and second outer leg support sections in selected positions relative to the seat section, and first and second actuators located on the first and second outer leg support sections, respectively. The first and second actuators are coupled to the first and second locking mechanisms, respectively. The first and second actuators are configured to release the first and second locking mechanisms and allow pivotable movement of the first and second outer leg support sections. The first actuator is also coupled to the latch to move the latch between the latched and unlatched positions.",
203
+ "In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second actuators are coupled to a foot end of the first and second outer leg support sections, respectively. The illustrative latch includes first and second latches, each of the first and second latches being movable between a latched position to prevent movement of the deck relative to the frame and an unlatched position to allow longitudinal movement of the deck relative to the frame. The first actuator is coupled to the first latch to move the first latch between the latched and unlatched positions. The second actuator is coupled to second latch to move the second latch between the latched and unlatched positions. The first and second actuators must both be actuated to release the deck from the frame.",
204
+ "According to a further aspect of the present invention, a patient support apparatus includes a base, a frame coupled to the base, and a deck coupled to the frame. The deck includes a head section, a seat section, and first and second laterally spaced apart outer leg support sections. The first and second outer leg support sections are each pivotably coupled to the seat section about a first and second pivot axes, the first pivot axis being transverse to the second pivot axis. The apparatus also includes first and second locking mechanisms coupled to each outer leg support section. The first and second locking mechanisms are configured to prevent movement of the outer leg support sections about the first and second pivot axes, respectively, to hold the outer leg support sections in selected positions relative to the seat section. The apparatus further includes first and second actuators located adjacent a foot end of each of the outer leg support sections. The first and second actuators are coupled to the first and second locking mechanisms, respectively, to selectively release the first and second locking mechanisms and allow pivotable movement of the outer leg support sections about the first and second pivot axes.",
205
+ "In the illustrated embodiment, the first locking mechanism includes a mechanical lock having a cylinder pivotably coupled to the seat section, a movable rod pivotably coupled to the outer leg support section, and a release mechanism for selectively permitting movement of the rod relative to the cylinder to allow pivoting movement of the outer leg support section about the first pivot axis. The first actuator is coupled to the release mechanism. The second locking mechanism includes a piston and cylinder having first and second ends pivotably coupled to the outer leg support section. The piston is selectively releasable to permit pivoting movement of the outer leg support section about the second pivot axis. The second actuator is coupled to the piston and cylinder arrangement to selectively release the piston.",
206
+ "According to a still further aspect of the present invention, a patient support apparatus includes a base, a frame coupled to the base, and a deck coupled to the frame. The deck is movable relative to the frame along a longitudinal axis of the frame. The deck include a head section, a seat section, and first and second laterally spaced apart outer leg support sections adjacent the seat section. The seat section and the first and second outer leg support sections are configured to define a central opening therebetween. The first and second outer leg support sections are pivotable relative to the seat section of the deck. The apparatus also includes a center leg support configured for movement between a first position located within the central opening to provide a portion of the deck and a second storage position, a first latch coupled between the deck and the frame, and a second latch coupled to the center leg support. The first latch is movable between a latched position to prevent movement of the deck relative to the frame and an unlatched position to allow longitudinal movement of the deck relative to the frame, and the second latch being movable between a latched position to lock the center leg support in the first position and an unlatched position. The apparatus further includes first and second locking mechanisms coupled to the first and second outer leg support sections, respectively, to hold the first and second outer leg support sections in selected positions relative to the seat section of the deck, and a plurality of actuators located adjacent a foot end of the deck for access to a caregiver located at the foot end of the deck. The plurality of actuators are configured to move the first and second latches between the latched and unlatched positions and to release the first and second locking mechanisms and allow pivotable movement of the first and second outer leg support sections.",
207
+ "In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second locking mechanisms are each configured to prevent movement of the outer leg support sections about first and second pivot axes to hold the outer leg support sections in selected positions relative to the seat section. The plurality of actuators includes first and second actuators located adjacent a foot end of each of the outer leg support sections. The first and second actuators are configured to release the first and second locking mechanisms and allow pivotable movement of the outer leg support sections about the first and second pivot axes, respectively.",
208
+ "Additional features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of the presently perceived best mode of carrying out the invention.",
209
+ "The detailed description particularly refers to the accompanying figures in which:",
210
+ "FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of an Ob/Gyn stretcher according to the present invention showing a base, a frame coupled to the base, a deck coupled to the frame, a mattress located on the deck, a siderail and a catch basin coupled to the frame, and an articulating head section of the deck in a raised position;",
211
+ "FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of the stretcher of FIG. 1 showing a foot end section of the stretcher, with portions cut away to show a movable central leg section of the deck having a releasable latching mechanism to allow for movement of the movable section to a stowed position beneath a central portion of the deck;",
212
+ "FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of the foot end portion of the stretcher of FIG. 1, with a portion broken away to show the movable central leg section in an intermediate position during movement to the stowed position;",
213
+ "FIG. 4 is side elevation view of the foot end portion of the stretcher of FIG. 1, with a portion broken away to show the movable central leg section moved to the stowed position;",
214
+ "FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of the foot end portion of the stretcher of FIG. 1, with a portion broken away to show the movable central leg section in the stowed position and an adjustable outer leg section raised to support a patient in a lithotomy or parturition position;",
215
+ "FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the foot end portion of the stretcher of FIG. 1, with a portion broken away to show an outer leg section adjustment mechanism and showing a removable, adjustable calf support assembly;",
216
+ "FIG. 7 is side elevation view of the stretcher of FIG. 1, with a portion broken away to illustrate the deck moved toward the foot end portion of the frame and an outer leg section in a raised position to support a patient in a birthing position or for an Ob/Gyn examination;",
217
+ "FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the foot end portion of the deck and mattress of FIG. 1, showing operator adjustment of the outer leg sections;",
218
+ "FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the stretcher of FIG. 1, showing the deck, mattress, and calf supports configured for a patient in a birthing position or for an Ob/Gyn examination;",
219
+ "FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an alternative leg support embodiment, with the outer leg sections adjusted to a calf support configuration to support a patient in a birthing position or for an Ob/Gyn examination;",
220
+ "FIG. 11 is a detail perspective view of another alternative leg support embodiment similar to FIG. 10, showing a hinged calf support section and a hinged outer leg section handle configured as a foot support;",
221
+ "FIG. 12 is a detail perspective view of the left outer leg deck section of FIG. 1, with a portion of a flexible cover broken away to show vertical and horizontal hinge assemblies;",
222
+ "FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a control mechanism for vertical and horizontal hinge assemblies for the right outer leg deck section of FIG. 1;",
223
+ "FIG. 14 is an end view of the stretcher frame of FIG. 1, showing open and closed channels for receiving rollers from the deck and circular openings for stowing removable calf supports;",
224
+ "FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a stretcher according to the present invention with a deck and mattress moved forward on a frame to provide access to an Ob/Gyn patient and with portions broken away to show a lighting system;",
225
+ "FIG. 16 is perspective view looking down towards the top of a mattress assembly according to the present invention, showing foot straps and heel cut-outs in two outer leg mattress sections, a drip flap extending around an opening between the outer leg mattress sections and a central mattress section, and a head mattress section coupled to the central mattress section for articulated movement;",
226
+ "FIG. 17 is a perspective view looking up towards the bottom of the mattress assembly of FIG. 16, showing the foot straps, drip flap, and Velcro strips for coupling the mattress to a deck;",
227
+ "FIG. 18 is a top plan view of the mattress assembly of FIG. 16, showing the heel cut-outs and a pair of soft foam mattress portions coupled between outer leg mattress sections and the central mattress section;",
228
+ "FIG. 19 is a side profile view of the mattress assembly of FIG. 16, showing the drip flaps extending below the mattress bottom and bevels on the outer leg and head mattress sections;",
229
+ "FIG. 20 is a bottom plan view of the mattress assembly of FIG. 16, showing foot straps, velcro strips, and flaps for installing foam into mattress covers for the central and head mattress sections;",
230
+ "FIG. 21 is a bottom plan view of an alternative embodiment center leg support, showing latch control cable assemblies within a channel formed on the support bottom;",
231
+ "FIG. 22 is a side elevation of a stretcher, showing a base, a frame, a deck, vertically adjustable head and foot end supports coupled between the base and frame, and a roller assembly coupled between the frame and the head end support to allow for tilting of the frame relative to the base; and",
232
+ "FIG. 23 is a top plan view, with portions broken away, illustrating a cam formed on the deck for moving a siderail outwardly relative to the frame.",
233
+ "Although the specification of this application discusses the present invention in terms of a stretcher, the features have applicability in other patient support apparatus such as beds, tables, etc. A stretcher 10 according to the present invention includes a base 12, a frame 14, a deck 16, and a mattress 18, as shown for example in FIG. 1. Stretcher 10 further includes a movable center leg support 17 that selectively can be coupled to deck 16 as shown for example in FIGS. 1\u20132 or stowed beneath deck 16 as shown in FIGS. 3\u20134. Deck 16, leg support 17, and mattress 18 are configured to allow stretcher 10 to convert between a conventional stretcher configuration and an Ob/Gyn configuration in which a medical caregiver is provided with improved access to a patient's pelvic region.",
234
+ "Deck 16 includes a head section 20, a seat section 22, and left and right outer leg sections 24, 26. Seat section 22 and outer leg sections 24, 26 define between them an opening 15 configured to receive center leg support 17. Head section 20 is pivotably coupled to seat section 22 by a pivot 28 and outer leg sections 24, 26 are each pivotably coupled to seat section 22 by hinge assemblies 30 that provide for rotation about two axes. Head section 20 can thus be rotated vertically with respect to seat section 22, as shown for example in FIG. 1 to elevate a patient's head. Outer leg sections 24, 26 can be rotated both horizontally and vertically with respect to seat section 22, as shown for example in FIG. 8.",
235
+ "As discussed in more detail below, deck 16 is coupled for longitudinal movement with respect to frame 14. Briefly, deck 16 includes two downwardly extending lateral carriage plates 32 and two or three rollers 34 coupled to each plate 32. Frame 14 includes two laterally spaced, longitudinally extending channels 36, 38 configured to receive rollers 34. A deck release mechanism 40 allows for selectively latching or unlatching frame 14 to deck 16 to enable or prevent relative longitudinal movement relative to deck 16. Deck 16 further includes a pair of gas/cylinders 42 coupled between carriage plates 32 and deck head section 20 to allow for selectively adjusting an angle between head section 20 and seat section 22 around pivot 28 through use of a release handle 44 coupled to the piston of cylinder 42.",
236
+ "Channel 36 includes top and bottom flanges 33, 35 configured to retain rollers 34 against lateral movement as shown in FIG. 14. Top flange 33 has a downwardly extending lip 31 and bottom flange 35 has an upwardly extending lip 37 to provide channel 36 with a generally C-shaped or closed profile. Channel 38 includes flat top and bottom flanges 39, 41 to provide an open profile that allows for lateral movement of rollers 34 within channel 38. The complementary open and closed profiles of channels 36, 38 reduces the tendency of rollers 34 to bind while deck 16 moves longitudinally with respect to frame 14.",
237
+ "Base 12 includes four casters 46 and is coupled to frame 14 by hydraulic lifting mechanisms or supports 48, 50. Base 12 further includes foot pedals 52 for selectively raising or lowering either or both supports 48, 50 so that stretcher 10 can be placed in a variety of orientations such as a Trendelenburg or reverse Trendelenburg position. Stretcher 10 has a head end 54 and a foot end 56 and includes a catch basin 62 coupled to frame 14 at foot end 56, a combination bumper and push handle 58 at head end 54, and a siderail assembly 60.",
238
+ "Channels 36, 38 are further used to facilitate tilting of frame 14 relative to base 12 as best shown in FIG. 22. Head end lifting support 48 is slidably coupled to frame 14 by a roller coupling assembly 49 fixed to head end support 48. Roller coupling assembly 49 includes a bar 47 (see FIG. 15) coupled to a top end of the support 48 and rollers 55 coupled to opposite ends of the bar 47. The rollers 55 are located in each channel 36, 38. Foot end support 50 is coupled to frame 14 by a pivot assembly 51. Frame 14 is raised, lowered and tilted relative to base 12 by moving supports 48, 50 vertically up and down. When frame 14 is tilted to a Trendelenburg position (dotted position) as shown by arrow 57, the distance between rollers 55 and pivot assembly 51 increases by a distance 53. In other words, as frame 14 tilts to the Trendelenburg position or reverse Trendelenburg position, rollers 55 move in the channels 36, 38 toward head end 54. As discussed above, the complementary open and closed profiles of channels 36, 38 facilitates movement of rollers 55. It is understood that rollers 55 can be provided with separate channels to accommodate tilting frame 14, or roller assembly 49 can be replaced by other suitable mechanisms such as a hinged linkage assembly.",
239
+ "Center leg support 17 is configured to be coupled to deck 16 within opening 15 to provide for a conventional stretcher configuration as shown in FIG. 2. Center leg support 17 illustratively includes a release handle 64 coupled to a pair of cable assemblies 66 that control a pair of latching pins 68. Pins 68 enter holes 70 in seat section 22 of deck 16 to latch support 17 to deck 16. When release handle 64 is moved toward the foot end of stretcher 10 as illustrated by arrow 72, a linkage 74 causes cables within cable assemblies 66 to retract latching pins 68 from holes 70. Center leg support 17 can then be moved to the stowed configuration as shown in FIGS. 3\u20134 to allow stretcher 10 to assume an Ob/Gyn configuration. It is understood that any suitable mechanism for latching center leg support 17 in a conventional support position can be used. Similarly, release handle 64 and the associated components for releasing center leg support 17 for movement to the stowed position can be replaced by other suitable mechanisms. Center leg support 17 is illustratively formed from relatively light weight metal components including a tubular perimeter frame 76, longitudinal center support beams 78, and a sheet metal top surface 80.",
240
+ "An alternative embodiment center leg support 117 is formed from molded plastic as shown in FIG. 21. Center leg support 117 includes a release handle 164, cable assemblies 166, and latching pins 168 that are similar to corresponding components of leg support 17. Center leg support 117 has a bottom surface 167 that includes a channel 170 extending longitudinally from release handle 164 and branching laterally towards latching pins 168 for receiving cable assemblies 166. Recesses 172, 174 and plates 176, 178 are provided to retain cable assembly 166 hardware from extending below the bottom surface 167 of center leg support 117. An ergonomic hand opening 180 is provided including finger grips 182 to facilitate operation of handle 164. Similar in operation to center leg support 17, when handle 164 is moved in direction 184, latching pins 168 retract in direction 186 to release the center leg support 117 from the holes 70 formed in the deck.",
241
+ "Center leg support 117 further includes a pair of bottom supports 171 that extend downwardly from bottom surface 167 to provide support surfaces 179a and 179b that engage frame 14 when support 117 is in the conventional stretcher configuration. Support surfaces 179a and 179b extend below the bottom surface 167. A forward ramp surface 173 extends between bottom surface 167 and each support surface 179a and 179b. Guide surfaces 181 are located below bottom surface 167 and below support surfaces 179a and 179b. A forward ramp surface 175 and lateral ramp surface 177 extend between the bottom surface 167 and each guide surface 181.",
242
+ "Ramp surfaces 173, 175, 177 facilitate movement and alignment of support 117 when being moved from between the stowed position to a conventional stretcher configuration. Center leg support 117 is illustratively formed in a rotational plastic mold and is foam filled to produce a lightweight component with suitable rigidity, although it is understood that any conventional manufacturing or forming technique can be used.",
243
+ "When center leg supports 17, 117 are positioned to provide a conventional stretcher configuration, latching pins 68, 168 extend into holes 70 and a top surface of center leg supports 17, 117 is generally flush with the top surfaces of seat and outer leg deck sections 22, 24, 26. A center leg support mattress 19 is configured to lie atop center leg supports 17, 117 with a top surface of mattress 19 generally flush with a top surface of mattress 18. Frame 14 further includes a pair of center leg support pivot blocks 82 positioned above foot end hydraulic support 50 as shown in FIG. 2. Pivot blocks 82 support the bottom of center leg supports 17, 117 when in the conventional stretcher configuration and, as discussed below, facilitate moving center leg supports 17, 117 between the conventional stretcher configuration and the stowed configuration.",
244
+ "Center leg supports 17, 117 illustratively include a bottom U-shaped rod 84 configured to define a rod pocket 86 between rod 84 and the bottom of center leg support 17, 117. Pivot blocks 82 each include an inwardly extending stop pin 88 that is retained within rod pocket 86 when center leg support 17, 117 is in the conventional stretcher configuration as shown in FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 21, support surfaces 179a and 179b slide over pivot blocks 82 when center leg support 17 is moved from a stowed position to a conventional stretcher position. Outer guides 171 engage outer portions of the pivot blocks 82 to align the center leg support 117 relative to the frame 14. Rod 84 engages stops 88 when the 117 leg support is moved fully toward the foot end of frame 14. Center leg support 117 is then pivoted around pivot blocks 82 until latch pins 168 engage apertures 70 of frame 14. Center leg support 17 includes similar support surfaces 79 and ramp surfaces 73 for engaging pivot blocks 82 as shown in FIGS. 3\u20135.",
245
+ "Referring now to FIG. 3, when center leg support 17 is unlatched from deck 14 by pulling handle 64 in direction 72 to retract pins 68, the foot end of center leg support 17 can be rotated upwardly in direction 90 so that the opposite end rotates downwardly in direction 92 as center leg support 17 rotates about pivot blocks 82. A storage cavity 94 configured to receive center leg support 17 is defined between deck 16 and frame 14. After rotating center leg support 17 about pins 88, center leg support 17 can be moved as shown by arrows 96, 98 in FIG. 3 to its stowed position within cavity 94 as shown in FIG. 4. Although the illustrated embodiments employ pivot blocks 82 and rod 84, it is understood that other suitable mechanisms can be used to facilitate moving center leg support 17 between the conventional stretcher and stowed configurations.",
246
+ "Center leg support 17, 117 is moved from the stowed configuration to the conventional stretcher configuration by reversing the above-described steps. In this sequence, pivot blocks 82 guide movement of center leg support 17, 117 and also provide a stop to prevent center leg support 17 from being pulled out past the point where it is rotated into the conventional stretcher configuration. This stop function is accomplished when pins 88 engage rod 84 to stop center leg support 17 from extending past the point at which it is rotated back up to couple to deck 16 in the conventional stretcher configuration.",
247
+ "Deck release mechanism 40 illustratively is a cable-actuated mechanism and includes a lever 102 coupled to each of the deck outer leg sections 24, 26 as best shown in the view of right outer leg deck section 26 in FIG. 6. As discussed in more detail below, a second cable-actuated mechanism coupled to levers 102 also enables horizontal rotation in hinge assembly 30 of outer leg deck sections 24, 26.",
248
+ "Outer leg deck sections 24, 26 include gripping handles 104 that are coupled to deck sections 24, 26. Gripping handles 104 and levers 102 provide an ergonomic mechanism that allows an operator to actuate levers 102 while gripping handles 104. Pulling each lever 102 enables horizontal rotation of a respective one of outer leg deck sections 24, 26 about pivot connection 124 by releasing a mechanical lock 128 and also retracts a frame latching pin 106. When both levers 102 are pulled simultaneously, both frame latching pins 106 are retracted from apertures in the frame 14, and deck 16 can be moved longitudinally relative to frame 14 in the direction of arrow 103 as shown for example in FIG. 7. As discussed above, rollers 34 roll in channels 36, 38 as the deck 16 moves relative to the frame 14. Since both levers 102 adjacent handles 104 of outer leg deck sections 24, 26 must be activated to release the deck 16, a caregiver must be positioned at a foot end 56 of stretcher 10 to release the deck 16. This positioning of the caregiver provides improved control for movement of the deck 16.",
249
+ "It is understood that levers 102 can be replaced by other suitable mechanisms, such as a single button or two buttons that perform the functions of enabling horizontal rotation of outer leg deck sections 24, 26 and horizontal movement of deck 16 relative to frame 14. Furthermore, although center leg support 17 in the illustrated embodiment prevents deck 16 from moving toward foot end 56 when stretcher 10 is in the conventional stretcher configuration, it is understood that alternative leg supports could be coupled to deck 16 to allow such movement.",
250
+ "Each lever 102 is coupled to a control cable 108 that is coupled to frame latching pin 106. Frame latching pins 106 are each mounted to a bracket 110 that is coupled to an inside wall 112 of deck carriage plate 32 so that latching pins 106 and brackets 110 move along with deck 16 relative to frame 14. Latching pins 106 are configured to enter holes (not shown) in channels 36, 38 to latch deck 16 in first and second predefined positions relative to frame 14. Pins 106 lock in a first pair of apertures in channels 36, 38 when the deck 16 is in a conventional stretcher position of FIG. 1. Pins 106 lock in a second pair of apertures formed in channels 36, 38 when the deck 16 is rolled to its examination position shown in FIG. 7. When lever 102 is pulled, cable 108 releases the pin 106 from the channel 36 or 38 allowing the deck 16 to move relative to the frame 14. It is understood that other suitable mechanisms can be provided, such as a latching mechanism that provides for infinite longitudinal adjustment instead of predefined positions defined by holes in channels 36, 38.",
251
+ "As mentioned above, hinge assembly 30 of outer leg deck sections 36, 38 provides for both horizontal and vertical rotation. Each hinge assembly 30 includes a vertical pivot 112 and a horizontal pivot 114 as best shown in FIGS. 6 and 12\u201313. Vertical pivot 112 is formed by a horizontal pin 116 coupled between an end of deck outer leg sections 24, 26 and hinge assembly bracket 118. A vertical adjustment cylinder 120 is pivotably coupled at one end to bracket 118 by connection 119. A piston 121 extends from each cylinder 120. A piston 121 is coupled to each outer leg section 24, 26. An actuation button 122 underneath outer leg sections 24, 26 is pressed to release piston 121 to move within cylinder 120. Each outer leg section 24, 26 can be rotated vertically upon actuation of button 122 and is infinitely adjustable within its range of vertical rotation by releasing button 122 to lock the piston 121 and hold the leg section 24, 26 at a desired orientation.",
252
+ "Horizontal pivot 114 is formed by a vertical pip 124 coupled between hinge assembly bracket 118 and a bracket 126 mounted to deck seat section 22. A horizontal adjustment mechanical lock includes an outer cylinder 128 pivotably coupled to seat section 22 by pivot pin 123 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 13. A rod 125 moves back and forth within the cylinder 128 of the mechanical lock when an actuator 127 is released by control wire 109 when lever 102 is pulled. When lever 102 is released, the actuator holds the rod 125 in a locked position relative to cylinder 128. An end of rod 125 is pivotably coupled to a flange of bracket 118 by pivot pin 129 as best shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. It is understood that other mechanisms for hinge assembly 30 can be provided, such as a single universal joint with a single actuation and latching mechanism for enabling rotation about two or more axes.",
253
+ "Outer leg sections 24, 26 are surrounded by a flexible covering 132 that includes a generally bellows-shaped section 133 located over hinge assembly 30. Bellows 133 therefore permits pivotable movement of the leg sections 24, 26. Covering 132 also surrounds actuator 122 as best shown in FIG. 12. Covering 132 is illustratively formed from a rubber material, although it is understood that any suitable covering may be used. Covering 132 facilitates cleaning of the outer leg sections 24, 26.",
254
+ "Stretcher 10 includes removable calf supports 134 as best shown in FIG. 6. Support 134 includes a calf support tray 136 configured with a rounded perimeter 138, a concave calf support surface 140. A mounting rod 142 is coupled at one end to support tray 136 and has a generally spherical joint ball 144 at another end. Support 134 further includes a mounting shaft 146, a raised gripping surface 148, an offset arm 150, and a joint socket 152. Mounting shaft 146 is configured to be removably retained within a calf support socket 154 coupled to an outside surface of deck seat section 22. Ball 144 and socket 152 provide for dual axis rotational adjustment of support tray 136 in directions 156, 158. Furthermore, rotation of mounting shaft 146 in direction 160 combined with offset arm 150 provides for a wide range of horizontal adjustment of calf support 134. When not in use, calf supports 134 are stored in a pair of storage receptacles 135 in frame 14 as shown in FIG. 14 with at least a portion of each calf support extending from the storage receptacles. Receptacles 135 are formed from openings 137 in frame 14 that are spaced laterally inward from channels 36, 38. Mounting shafts 146 are inserted into openings 137, and L-shaped members 139 that extend longitudinally from atop openings 137 engage shafts 146 to retain calf supports 134 within frame 14.",
255
+ "Stretcher 10 can thus be configured to provide improved access to a patient's pelvic region while supporting the patient in a lithotomy or parturition position as shown FIG. 9. An alternative embodiment calf support 234 is shown in FIG. 10. An outer leg deck section 224 includes top and bottom sections 225, 227 coupled by a pivot 229. Bottom section 227 includes a plurality of notches 231 and top section 225 includes a hinged plate 233 so that when top section 225 is rotated upwardly in direction 235, plate 233 is rotated down to enter one of notches 231 to retain top section 225 at a desired angle with respect to bottom section 227. An alternative handle 204 is configured to provide a foot support as shown in FIG. 11. A hinge 203 allows for rotating handle 204 upwardly in direction 205 to provide a support for a patient's foot. It is understood that other mechanisms can be provided to include a calf support within outer leg sections 24, 26, such as various linkage assemblies to adjust all or part of the deck section as required to conform to a desired orientation for calf support.",
256
+ "Stretcher 10 can further be configured with an examination light system 190 as shown in FIG. 15. Light system 190 illustratively includes a flexible connector 192 coupled to a light head 194. Once positioned, the flexible connector 192 holds the light head 194 at the foot end 56 of stretcher 10 to allow for directing light in a convenient manner. Light system 190 further illustratively includes a light source 196 coupled to frame 14 adjacent head end 54 and a fiber-optic supply link coupled between cable 192 and source 196. The light source 196 may also be coupled to the deck 16 or base 12. It is understood that other suitable light systems can be used for light system 190, and that it can be attached or incorporated into frame 14 as desired. Stretcher 10 can be wheeled from place to place within a hospital or other facility. A particular room may not have adequate lighting for the stretcher 10. Since the light system 190 is incorporated into the frame of the stretcher 10, a suitable light source for examination is always available regardless of the location of the stretcher 10.",
257
+ "The light source 196 includes a power cord (not shown) configured to be coupled to a power outlet of a wall. The light source 196 is coupled to the base 12, frame 14, or deck 16 at a location spaced apart from the central opening 15 formed in the deck 16. Therefore, the light source 196 is located at a remote location from the area that is likely to be exposed to fluids during an examination or medical procedure. The light head 194 is located adjacent the central opening 15 to provide light for the examination. The flexible connector 192 is configured to be received within a first receptacle 193 formed in the frame 14 to position the flexible connector adjacent the foot end of the frame 14. A retaining clip 195 is configured to engage neck portion, 197 of connector 192 to hold the light head 194 in a storage position when not in use.",
258
+ "Mattress 18 as shown in FIGS. 17\u201320 is configured to be coupled atop deck 16. Mattress 18 includes a head section 310, a seat section 312, and left and right outer leg sections 314, 316 that are sized to cover respective deck head, seat, and outer leg sections 20, 22, 24, 26. Head and seat sections 310, 312 are coupled by a V-shaped hinge 311 to facilitate rotation between them. Seat and outer leg sections 312, 314, 316 are coupled by soft foam portions 315 illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19 that allow for both horizontal and vertical rotation over hinge assemblies 30.",
259
+ "Seat and outer leg sections 312, 314, 316 define between them a center leg opening 318. Mattress 18 includes a drip flap 320 that extends downwardly around a portion of opening 318. Drip flap 320 reduces exposure of deck 16 and frame 14 adjacent opening 318 to moisture when center leg support 17 is in the stowed configuration. Drip flap 320 illustratively includes two outer segments 319, two bevel segments 321, and an inner segment 323 as best shown in FIGS. 16\u201317. Outer segments 319 illustratively extend downwardly farther than bevel and inner segments 321, 323. Drip flap 320 in conjunction with catch basin 62 facilitates containment of fluids often encountered during procedures such as childbirth.",
260
+ "Mattress 18 further includes heel cut-outs 322 and foot straps 324 in outer leg sections 314, 316. Cut-outs 322 provide a support surface for a patient's foot when outer leg sections 314, 316 are in a raised position, as shown for example in FIGS. 5 and 7. Mattress 18 illustratively includes foot end bevels 326 and head end bevels 328 as best shown in FIGS. 18\u201320 and is formed with a foam core and a washable outer cover, although any suitable materials can be used. Foot end bevels 326 facilitate access to handles 104 as shown in FIG. 19. Mattress 18 further illustratively includes Velcro strips 330 on its bottom surface that couple to matching strips (not shown) on deck seat portion 22 to provide for removably coupling mattress 18 to deck 16.",
261
+ "In operation, when a patient is first placed on stretcher 10, the stretcher 10 is located in the conventional stretcher configuration illustrated in FIG. 1. The deck 16 can be articulated to adjust the position of the patient on the stretcher 10. When it is desired to move the stretcher to the OB/GYN configuration, a caregiver will typically first move the outer leg sections 24 and 26 upwardly relative to the seat section 22 by depressing buttons 122 beneath the outer leg sections 24, 26. This releases pistons 121 and permits the outer leg sections to be pivoted upwardly as shown in FIGS. 7\u20138.",
262
+ "Next, the center leg support 17, 117 is stowed. To stow the center leg support 17, 117, a caregiver pulls the release handles 64, 164, respectively, toward the foot end 56 of stretcher 10. This releases pins 68, 168 from apertures 70 formed in deck 16. Therefore, the center leg support 17, 117 can be pivoted downwardly about pivot blocks 82 as shown in FIG. 3. Center leg support 117 is then pushed toward the head end 54 of stretcher 10 in the direction of arrow 96 and arrow 98 of FIG. 3 to a storage position as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.",
263
+ "Next, the caregiver located at foot end 56 of stretcher 10 grips both handles 104 as shown in FIG. 8. Caregiver then actuates levers 102 by moving the levers 102 toward the foot end 56 of stretcher 10. Actuation of levers 102 simultaneously releases the latches 106 and mechanical locks 128 coupled to control wires 108 and 109, respectively. When pins 106 are released from both sides of the deck 16, rollers 34 can roll in channels 36, 38 toward the foot end 56 of the stretcher 10 to an examination position shown in FIG. 7. Pins 106 will latch into apertures in channels 36, 38 to maintain the deck in the examination position shown in FIG. 7. Siderail 60 includes a padded bar 61 which is configured to provide a grip handle for the patient as best shown in FIG. 7. Illustratively, the grip handle is formed by a generally S-shaped section formed in the bar 61. However, the padded grip handle may be formed on a straight tube or bar of the siderail.",
264
+ "The caregiver can then adjust the leg sections 26 outwardly about pivot 24 while levers 102 are actuated. In other words, the caregiver can move the leg sections 24, 26 to the dotted position shown in FIG. 8 to improve access to a pelvic region of the patient. Next, patient's legs can be adjusted using one of the various illustrated calf supports. The leg sections 24 and 26 and calf supports can be adjusted to a desired location throughout the examination.",
265
+ "Once the procedure is over, the stretcher 10 can be converted back to a conventional stretcher configuration by the caregiver by gripping both handles 104 on outer leg sections 24, 26 and actuating levers 102. The outer leg sections 24, 26 are first adjusted to be parallel with the remainder of the deck 16 using levers 102 and actuator 122. Actuating levers 102 also release pins 106 from the first set of apertures formed in channels 36, 38 to permit the rollers 34 on deck 16 to roll in channels 36, 38 back to the conventional stretcher position shown in FIG. 1. Pins 106 then latch in the second set of apertures formed in channels 36, 38 to hold the deck 16 in the conventional stretcher configuration. Center leg support 17, 117 is then retrieved from the storage position as shown in FIG. 4. The caregiver pulls the center leg support 17, 117 outwardly in the direction of arrow 72 of FIG. 3 until the bar 84 latches over locking pins 88 of pivot blocks 82. The center leg support 17, 117 is then pivoted upwardly about pivot blocks 82 until pins 68, 168 engage apertures 70 formed in deck 16 to lock the center leg support 17, 117, in position.",
266
+ "It is understood that the locations of pins 68 and holes 70 could be reversed. In addition, latch pins 106 could be formed on the frame and configured to enter apertures formed in the deck. Other types of latches may also be used, if desired.",
267
+ "Another aspect of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 23. The siderail 60 includes a mounting rail 350 and an outer rail 352. The tubes or bars 61 of the siderail are pivotably coupled between the mounting rail 350 and the outer rail 352. Swing arms 354 are mounted on each end of the siderails 60. Each swing arm 354 includes a first end pivotably coupled to the frame 14 at location 356 and a second end pivotably coupled to the mounting rail 350 at location 358. A separate siderail 60 is mounted on both sides of the frame 14 in a conventional manner.",
268
+ "FIG. 23 also illustrates a cam 360 coupled to the carriage plate 32 of the deck 16. A cam 360 is coupled to carriage plates 32 on both sides of the deck 16. When the deck 16 slides toward the foot end of the frame 14 in the direction of arrow 362 as discussed above, the carriage 32 and the cams 360 also move in the direction of arrow 362. When the carriage 32 and cams 360 approach a foot end of the frame 14, the cams 360 engage the swing arms 354 of the siderail 60 to pivot the siderails 60 outwardly relative to the frame 14 in the direction of arrow 364 to the dotted location illustrated in FIG. 23. This movement of the siderails 60 provides clearance to permit the deck 16 to continue to move toward the foot end of the stretcher 10.",
269
+ "Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to certain illustrated embodiments, variations and modifications exist within the scope and spirit of the present invention as described and defined in the following claims."
270
+ ],
271
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+ ],
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+ "us_classification": "5602",
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+ "international_classifications": [
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+ {
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+ "classification_level": "A",
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+ "section": "A",
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+ "classification_class": "61",
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+ "subclass": "G",
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+ }
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+ }
json_patents/06983502.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Air mattress with pillow top",
3
+ "abstract": "An air mattress includes a first inflatable compartment having a length and width, when inflated, sufficient to support a human body. The first compartment having a top, a bottom, and sides and is composed of at least two layers of vinyl, one layer of vinyl forming the top of the compartment and the second forming the bottom. A second inflatable compartment is disposed on the top of the first inflatable compartment and is secured to the first compartment along a portion of the first inflatable compartment. The second compartment extends generally the length and width of the top of the first compartment and is of a size, when inflated, sufficient to support a human body. The second compartment is composed of at least two layers of vinyl distinct from the two layers of vinyl forming the first compartment. The second compartment is inflatable to give the top of the air mattress a soft, pillow-like appearance and feel.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Boyd"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983502",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Boyd Flotation, Inc."
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. An air mattress comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "a first inflatable compartment having a length and width, when inflated, sufficient to support a human body, said compartment also having a height when inflated, said compartment having a top, a bottom, and substantially straight, vertically extending sides, said first compartment being composed of at least two layers of vinyl, one layer of vinyl forming the top of the compartment and the second forming the bottom; and",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "a second inflatable compartment disposed on the top of the first inflatable compartment and secured thereto at least alone a portion of the first inflatable compartment at a point spaced inwardly from the sides of said first inflatable compartment, said second compartment extending generally the length and width of the top of the first compartment, said second compartment being of a size, when inflated, sufficient to support a human body, and having an inflated height substantially less than the height of the first compartment;",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "component": "said second compartment being composed of at least two layers of vinyl distinct from the two layers of vinyl forming the first compartment; said second compartment being inflatable to give the top of the air mattress a soft, pillow-like appearance and feel,",
27
+ "subcomponents": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "component": "wherein said first compartment and said second compartment are secured together adjacent an open fluid communication channel, the fluid communication channel providing fluid communication between the first and second inflatable compartments to enable fluid in one of the first and second inflatable compartments to flow into the other of the first and second inflatable compartments, such that fluid pressure in the first and second compartments are equalized,",
31
+ "subcomponents": []
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "component": "wherein the first and second compartments are substantially free to move with respect to each other except at the periphery thereof.",
35
+ "subcomponents": []
36
+ }
37
+ ]
38
+ },
39
+ {
40
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
41
+ "preamble": "2. An air mattress comprising:",
42
+ "components": [
43
+ {
44
+ "component": "a first inflatable compartment having a top, a bottom, and substantially straight, vertically extending sides and having a height when inflated, said first compartment being composed of at least two layers of material, one layer of material forming the top of the first compartment and the second layer of material forming the bottom of the first compartment;",
45
+ "subcomponents": []
46
+ },
47
+ {
48
+ "component": "a second inflatable compartment having a top and a bottom, the second compartment being composed of at least two layers of material, one layer of material forming the top of the second compartment, the second layer of material forming the bottom of the second compartment, the second compartment being positioned above the first compartment, said second compartment having an inflated height substantially less than the height of the first compartment;",
49
+ "subcomponents": []
50
+ },
51
+ {
52
+ "component": "a perimeter seal connecting the top of the first compartment to the bottom of the second compartment, the perimeter seal being spaced inwardly from the sides of the first compartment;",
53
+ "subcomponents": []
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "component": "an open fluid communication channel providing fluid communication between the first compartment and the second compartment to enable fluid in one of the first and second inflatable compartments to flow into the other of the first and second compartments to equalize pressure in the first and second compartments; and",
57
+ "subcomponents": []
58
+ },
59
+ {
60
+ "component": "a plurality of ribs extending between the top and bottom of one of the first and second compartments.",
61
+ "subcomponents": []
62
+ }
63
+ ]
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
67
+ "preamble": "3. An air mattress comprising:",
68
+ "components": [
69
+ {
70
+ "component": "a first inflatable compartment having substantially straight, vertically extending sides with a length, an inflated height and a width and defining a periphery;",
71
+ "subcomponents": []
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "component": "a second inflatable compartment extending generally the length and width of the periphery, the second inflatable compartment having a top and a bottom and an inflated height, the inflated height of the second compartment being substantially less than the height of the first compartment;",
75
+ "subcomponents": []
76
+ },
77
+ {
78
+ "component": "a perimeter seal connecting said first inflatable compartment to said second inflatable compartment, wherein said perimeter seal is spaced inwardly from the periphery,",
79
+ "subcomponents": []
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "component": "a plurality of ribs extending between the top and bottom of the second compartment;",
83
+ "subcomponents": []
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "component": "an open fluid communication channel providing fluid communication between the first and second inflatable compartments to enable fluid in one of the first and second inflatable compartments to flow into the other of the first and second inflatable compartments to equalize pressure in the first and second compartments.",
87
+ "subcomponents": []
88
+ }
89
+ ]
90
+ }
91
+ ],
92
+ "description": [
93
+ "None.",
94
+ "Not applicable.",
95
+ "This invention relates generally to air mattresses and more particularly to a air mattress with an second inflatable layer on top to provide a \u201cpillow top\u201d appearance and feel to the mattress.",
96
+ "The standard air mattress also could be improved in appearance and feel. The single vinyl top sheet of these mattresses is rather typically plain and flat in appearance, even with a pattern embossed thereon. Conventional mattresses, on the other hand, traditionally have a tufted or quilted appearance which people find attractive.",
97
+ "Moreover, conventional mattresses often have a different feel to the user than that achieved with conventional air mattresses. Such mattresses could be more acceptable with a better feel.",
98
+ "Among the various features of the present invention may be noted the provision of an air mattress in which the comfort is improved.",
99
+ "Another feature is the provision of such a air mattress with an improved appearance.",
100
+ "A third feature is the provision of such a air mattress with increased versatility.",
101
+ "Other objects and features will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.",
102
+ "Briefly, in its broadest aspect an air mattress of the present invention includes a first inflatable compartment having a length and width, when inflated, sufficient to support a human body. The first compartment has a top, a bottom, and sides and is composed of at least two layers of vinyl, one layer of vinyl forming the top of the compartment and the second forming the bottom. The mattress also includes a second inflatable compartment disposed on the top of the first inflatable compartment and secured thereto at least along a portion of the first inflatable compartment. The second compartment extends generally the length and width of the top of the first compartment and is of a size, when inflated, sufficient to support a human body. The second compartment is composed of at least two layers of vinyl distinct from the two layers of vinyl forming the first compartment and is inflatable to give the top of the air mattress a soft, pillow-like appearance and feel.",
103
+ "FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the air mattress of the present invention;",
104
+ "FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the air mattress of FIG. 1;",
105
+ "FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view, with parts broken away for clarity, of the air mattress of FIG. 1;",
106
+ "FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the air mattress of the present invention, showing the seal between the top and bottom compartments of the air mattress; and",
107
+ "FIGS. 5A\u20135C show variations in the pillow top of the present invention.",
108
+ "Turning to the drawings and more specifically to FIGS. 1 and 2, an air mattress 11 of the present invention includes a first inflatable compartment 13 having a length and width, when inflated, sufficient to support a human body. Compartment 13 is composed of a first vinyl sheet 15 forming a top of the compartment, a second vinyl sheet 17 forming a bottom of the compartment, and a vinyl strip 19 forming the sides of the compartment. Preferably the first inflatable compartment 13 may be inflated by means of a standard inflate, or inflate/deflate, valve 20 disposed at a convenient location in the wall of compartment 13.",
109
+ "Air mattress 11 also includes a second inflatable compartment 21 disposed on the top of the first inflatable compartment 13 and secured thereto at least along a portion of the first inflatable compartment (as is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4). Second compartment 21 extends generally the length and width of the top 15 of the first compartment 13 and is of a size, when inflated, sufficient to support a human body. The second compartment 21 is composed of a first vinyl layer 23 forming the top of the second compartment, a second vinyl layer 25 forming the bottom of the second compartment, and a vinyl strip 27 forming the sides of the second compartment. The second compartment is inflatable to give the top of the air mattress a soft, pillow-like appearance and feel. It is preferred that the top of second compartment 21 include a soft, non-vinyl fabric or surface secured thereto.",
110
+ "FIG. 1 also shows an optional pump 28 that may be used to inflate or inflate/deflate the compartments. The pump may be attached permanently to valve 20, if desired, or may be attached temporarily to the valve by the user.",
111
+ "As can be seen more clearly in FIGS. 3 and 4, the first and second compartments are secured together along, but spaced inwardly from, the perimeter. This is shown most clearly in FIG. 4 where the perimeter seal is labeled 31. For example, the perimeter seal 31 may be recessed approximately one inch from the edge of the mattress. This seal connects the top vinyl layer 15 of the first compartment to the bottom vinyl layer 25 of the second compartment. In addition, the compartments are sealed together (at seals 33) adjacent a plurality of holes 35 that provide fluid communication channel connecting the first and second compartments. Of course, if desired, the first and second compartments should also be secured together at other places. The seals may be formed using any known sealing method.",
112
+ "It is preferred that the compartments have a single inflation/deflation valve 20, and that (in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1) the inflation air for the second compartment flow initially into the first compartment. Of course, the single inflation/deflation valve could be disposed in a wall of the second compartment instead, in which case inflating air flow would be from the second compartment to the first.",
113
+ "As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the vinyl layers of the first compartment are held together along the perimeter by vinyl strip 19 and internally by a plurality of spaced ribs 41. Ribs 41 are preferably formed of vinyl, extend transversely across the compartment, and are sealed to the vinyl layers of the first compartment along their length. The ribs are preferably notched on each end as shown in FIGS. 3 and terminate short of seal 31. This provides for air flow around the ribs and permits the portions of the compartments outboard of the seal 31 to flex relatively independently of each other.",
114
+ "Similarly, second compartment 21 includes a plurality of ribs 45 that serve the same functions for the second compartment that ribs 41 serve for the first compartment. It is preferred that first compartment 13 be somewhat taller, when inflated, than second compartment 21. For this reason, ribs 41 are preferably taller than ribs 45. For example, ribs 41 can be approximately four inches in height, while ribs 45 would be approximately three includes in height. Other dimensions could of course be used.",
115
+ "The construction of air mattress 11 as shown in the drawings leaves the first and second compartments substantially free to move with respect to each other except at their periphery. Specifically, sealing the compartments together substantially only along the exterior portion allows the inner portions of the compartments to move substantially with respect to one another, thereby improving the feel of the mattress. Similarly, the fact that the primary seal 31 is recessed from the periphery of the two compartments permits limited relative movement of the second compartment with respect to the first compartment along the edge of the mattress.",
116
+ "Turning to FIGS. 5A\u20135C, there are shown certain variations in the pillow top of the present invention. FIG. 5A illustrates in simplified form the construction of FIG. 3, with the addition of a plurality of holes 51 and 53 through ribs 45 and 41 respectively. This holes provide increased airflow back and forth in the two compartments. It should be appreciated that the second compartment in this construction has two seams and forms a gusset.",
117
+ "FIG. 5B illustrates a similar construction in which the top (second) compartment is constructed with a seam 55 in its vertical wall. This construction provides a more two-dimensional pillow top appearance (as opposed to the three-dimensional effect of the construction of FIG. 5A). Similarly, FIG. 5C illustrates another two-dimensional-type construction in which the top layer 23 of second compartment 21 and the bottom layer 25 of that compartment are joined together by discontinuous seals 59. For example, each seal could be a circle, or could run for only a few inches or so. Air in the second compartment in this construction flows around the seals 59. This construction provides a pleasing, tufted appearance to the pillow top of the mattress.",
118
+ "It should be appreciated that the air mattress of the present invention may be constructed in various sizes and shapes. It may be packaged and sold or stored in a bag, if desired.",
119
+ "In view of the above it will be seen that the various objects and features of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results obtained The examples contained herein are merely illustrative and are not intended in a limiting sense."
120
+ ],
121
+ "citations": [
122
+ "2604641",
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+ "3251075",
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+ "3879776",
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+ "4896389",
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+ "5044030",
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+ "5072469",
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+ "5107557",
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+ "5115526",
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+ "5423094",
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+ "5490295",
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+ "5493742",
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+ "5566408",
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+ "5647078",
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+ "6148461",
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+ "6332760",
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+ "6568011",
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+ "6618884"
146
+ ],
147
+ "us_classification": "5706",
148
+ "international_classifications": [
149
+ {
150
+ "classification_level": "A",
151
+ "section": "A",
152
+ "classification_class": "47",
153
+ "subclass": "C",
154
+ "main_group": "27",
155
+ "subgroup": "08"
156
+ }
157
+ ]
158
+ }
json_patents/06983503.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Apparatus for packing free terminal convolutions of spring assembly used in mattress",
3
+ "abstract": "There is provided an innerspring assembly used in a mattress for absorbing external loads. An outermost coil spring",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Ahn"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983503",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Ace Bed Co., Ltd."
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A spring assembly for a mattress, in which an outermost coil spring of a spring array is secured in a space between upper and lower border wires and by pins, and helical coils are disposed in row directions on upper and lower portions of the spring array to knit an adjacent coil spring, such that each coil spring has a free terminal convolution protruded from an upper portion of the upper border wire and/or a lower portion of the lower border wire, the spring assembly comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "an enclosure provided in the row direction on an upper end portion and/or a lower end portion of the coil spring for covering the terminal convolution from the adjoining border wire to the free end of the terminal convolution protruded therefrom, thereby interrupting interference between the terminal convolution and the upper and/or lower border wire and underlying coil spring and absorbing a lateral load applied to the terminal convolution.",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ }
21
+ ]
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
25
+ "preamble": "2. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the enclosure is any one of polyurethane foam and non-woven fabric.",
26
+ "components": []
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
30
+ "preamble": "3. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes a lower non-woven fabric disposed in the row direction under a lower portion of the terminal convolution and an upper non-woven fabric disposed in the row direction on an upper portion of the terminal convolution, in which the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric.",
31
+ "components": []
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
35
+ "preamble": "4. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes a lower non-woven fabric disposed in the row direction under a lower portion of the helical coil and an upper non-woven fabric disposed in the row direction on an upper portion of the terminal convolution, in which the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric.",
36
+ "components": []
37
+ },
38
+ {
39
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
40
+ "preamble": "5. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes an upper non-woven fabric faced to another non-woven fabric to cover an upper portion of the terminal convolution along the row direction, in which a front end portion of the upper non-woven fabric is wound around the terminal convolution to cover a lower portion of the terminal convolution and is tacked on or joined to an adjoining surface of the upper non-woven fabric and which another terminal convolution is covered in the same manner.",
41
+ "components": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
45
+ "preamble": "6. A spring assembly for a mattress, in which an outermost coil spring of a spring array is secured in a space between upper and lower border wires and by pins, and helical coils are disposed in row directions on upper and lower portions of the spring array to knit an adjacent coil spring, such that each coil spring has a free terminal convolution protruded from an upper portion of the upper border wire and/or a lower portion of the lower border wire, the spring assembly comprising:",
46
+ "components": [
47
+ {
48
+ "component": "an enclosure provided in the column direction on an upper end portion and/or a lower end portion of the coil spring for covering the terminal convolution from the adjoining border wire to the free end of the terminal convolution protruded therefrom, thereby interrupting interference between the terminal convolution and the upper and/or lower border wire and underlying coil spring and absorbing a lateral load applied to the terminal convolution.",
49
+ "subcomponents": []
50
+ }
51
+ ]
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
55
+ "preamble": "7. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the enclosure is any one of polyurethane foam and non-woven fabric.",
56
+ "components": []
57
+ },
58
+ {
59
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
60
+ "preamble": "8. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes a lower non-woven fabric disposed in the column direction under a lower portion of the terminal convolution and an upper non-woven fabric disposed in the column direction on an upper portion of the terminal convolution, in which the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric.",
61
+ "components": []
62
+ },
63
+ {
64
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
65
+ "preamble": "9. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes a lower non-woven fabric disposed in the column direction under a lower portion of the helical coil and an upper non-woven fabric disposed in the column direction on an upper portion of the terminal convolution, in which the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric.",
66
+ "components": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
70
+ "preamble": "10. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the non-woven fabric includes an upper non-woven fabric faced to another non-woven fabric to cover an upper portion of the terminal convolution along the column direction, in which a front end portion of the upper non-woven fabric is wound around the terminal convolution to cover a lower portion of the terminal convolution and is tacked on or joined to an adjoining surface of the upper non-woven fabric.",
71
+ "components": []
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
75
+ "preamble": "11. A spring assembly for a mattress, in which an outermost coil spring of a spring array is secured in a space between upper and lower border wires and by pins, and helical coils are disposed in row directions on upper and lower portions of the spring array to knit an adjacent coil spring, such that each coil spring has a free terminal convolution protruded from an upper portion of the upper border wire and/or a lower portion of the lower border wire, the spring assembly comprising:",
76
+ "components": [
77
+ {
78
+ "component": "an enclosure provided on an upper end portion and/or a lower end portion of the coil spring for covering the terminal convolution from the adjoining border wire to the free end of the terminal convolution protruded therefrom by a piece, thereby interrupting interference between the terminal convolution and the upper and/or lower border wire and underlying coil spring and absorbing a lateral load applied to the terminal convolution.",
79
+ "subcomponents": []
80
+ }
81
+ ]
82
+ },
83
+ {
84
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
85
+ "preamble": "12. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the enclosure is any one of polyurethane foam and non-woven fabric.",
86
+ "components": []
87
+ },
88
+ {
89
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
90
+ "preamble": "13. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes a lower non-woven fabric disposed under a lower portion of the terminal convolution by a piece and an upper non-woven fabric disposed on an upper portion of the terminal convolution by a piece, in which the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric.",
91
+ "components": []
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
95
+ "preamble": "14. A spring assembly for a mattress, in which an outermost coil spring of a spring array is secured in a space between upper and lower border wires and by pins, and helical coils are disposed in row directions on upper and lower portions of the spring array to knit an adjacent coil spring, such that each coil spring has a free terminal convolution protruded from an upper portion of the upper border wire and/or a lower portion of the lower border wire, the spring assembly comprising:",
96
+ "components": [
97
+ {
98
+ "component": "an enclosure fully provided on upper end portions and/or lower end portions of the coil springs for covering the terminal convolution from the adjoining border wire to the free end of the terminal convolution protruded therefrom, thereby interrupting interference between the terminal convolution and the upper and/or lower border wire and underlying coil spring and absorbing a lateral load applied to the terminal convolution.",
99
+ "subcomponents": []
100
+ }
101
+ ]
102
+ },
103
+ {
104
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
105
+ "preamble": "15. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the enclosure is any one of polyurethane foam and non-woven fabric.",
106
+ "components": []
107
+ },
108
+ {
109
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
110
+ "preamble": "16. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes an upper non-woven fabric covering the upper portion of the spring array to fully enclose an upper portion of the terminal convolution, in which an end portion of the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to a convolution of the terminal convolution.",
111
+ "components": []
112
+ },
113
+ {
114
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
115
+ "preamble": "17. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes an upper non-woven fabric fully covering the upper portion of the spring array, in which an end portion of the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to the upper border wire or the lower border wire.",
116
+ "components": []
117
+ },
118
+ {
119
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
120
+ "preamble": "18. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes a lower non-woven fabric disposed in the row direction under a lower portion of the terminal convolution and an upper non-woven fabric disposed in the row direction on an upper portion of the terminal convolution, in which the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric.",
121
+ "components": []
122
+ },
123
+ {
124
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
125
+ "preamble": "19. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes a lower non-woven fabric disposed in the row direction under a lower portion of the helical coil and an upper non-woven fabric disposed in the row direction on an upper portion of the terminal convolution, in which the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric.",
126
+ "components": []
127
+ },
128
+ {
129
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
130
+ "preamble": "20. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and a non-woven fabric includes an upper non-woven fabric faced to another non-woven fabric to cover an upper portion of the terminal convolution along the row direction, in which a front end portion of the upper non-woven fabric is wound around the terminal convolution to cover a lower portion of the terminal convolution and is tacked on or joined to an adjoining surface of the upper non-woven fabric and which another terminal convolution is covered in the same manner.",
131
+ "components": []
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00021",
135
+ "preamble": "21. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes a lower non-woven fabric disposed in the column direction under a lower portion of the terminal convolution and an upper non-woven fabric disposed in the column direction on an upper portion of the terminal convolution, in which the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric.",
136
+ "components": []
137
+ },
138
+ {
139
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00022",
140
+ "preamble": "22. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes a lower non-woven fabric disposed in the column direction under a lower portion of the helical coil and an upper non-woven fabric disposed in the column direction on an upper portion of the terminal convolution, in which the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric.",
141
+ "components": []
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00023",
145
+ "preamble": "23. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the non-woven fabric includes an upper non-woven fabric faced to another non-woven fabric to cover an upper portion of the terminal convolution along the column direction, in which a front end portion of the upper non-woven fabric is wound around the terminal convolution to cover a lower portion of the terminal convolution and is tacked on or joined to an adjoining surface of the upper non-woven fabric.",
146
+ "components": []
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00024",
150
+ "preamble": "24. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes a lower non-woven fabric disposed under a lower portion of the terminal convolution by a piece and an upper non-woven fabric disposed on an upper portion of the terminal convolution by a piece, in which the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric.",
151
+ "components": []
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00025",
155
+ "preamble": "25. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes an upper non-woven fabric covering the upper portion of the spring array to fully enclose an upper portion of the terminal convolution, in which an end portion of the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to a convolution of the terminal convolution.",
156
+ "components": []
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00026",
160
+ "preamble": "26. The spring assembly as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the enclosure is a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes an upper non-woven fabric fully covering the upper portion of the spring array, in which an end portion of the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to the upper border wire or the lower border wire.",
161
+ "components": []
162
+ }
163
+ ],
164
+ "description": [
165
+ "The present invention relates to an innerspring assembly used in a mattress for absorbing external loads, and more particularly, to an apparatus for packing free terminal convolutions of a spring assembly used in a mattress, by which terminal convolutions exposed from an upper surface and/or a lower surface of the spring assembly are packaged to interrupt interference between the convolutions and a padding member.",
166
+ "Generally, a spring assembly having free terminal convolutions (hereinafter, referred to as spring assembly) is an elastic body to provide a cushion and shock-absorbing function together with padding members each layered on an upper surface and a lower surface of the spring assembly. The spring assembly is composed of a plurality of coil springs arranged in a side-by-side arrangement, usually in parallel columns and parallel rows.",
167
+ "In the case where coil springs are regularly arranged in upper and lower directions of upper and lower border wires which form the upper and lower surfaces of the spring assembly, the terminal convolutions of the coil springs are exposed in a given height from an upper portion of the upper border wire and/or a lower portion of the lower border wire.",
168
+ "As shown in FIG. 1, the spring assembly, generally indicated at 100, includes an array of springs 110 arranged in parallel columns C and parallel rows R, upper and lower border wires 120 and 120\u2032 disposed on upper and lower portions of the array of springs 110 for supporting the outermost coil springs 115, helical coils 130 engaged to the parallel row R of the array of springs 110 for fixing the terminal convolutions of the adjacent coil springs 115.",
169
+ "The coil springs 115 are arranged in a vertical direction, where they are fixed in a space between the upper and lower border wires 120 and 120\u2032 by means of sheet metal clips 140. The coil springs 115 have free terminal convolutions 115a exposed outwardly from the upper and/or lower border wires 120 and 120\u2032 at an upper end portion and/or a lower end portion of the body.",
170
+ "The coil springs 115 are fixed in the space between the upper and lower border wires 120 and 120\u2032, and the helical coils 130 are engaged to the upper and lower portions of the spring array 110 in the row directions R, thereby forming the free terminal convolutions 115a on the upper portion of the upper border wire 120 and/or the lower portion of the lower border wire 120\u2032.",
171
+ "In the case where the terminal convolutions 115a of the coil springs 115 are exposed outwardly from the upper and lower border wires 120 and 120\u2032 on the basis of a transverse plane of the spring array 110, when the padding members 150, such as non-woven fabric or floss silk, are layered on the upper surface and the lower surface of the spring array 110 and are enclosed by a cover, as shown in FIG. 2, the padding member 150 and the terminal convolutions 115a are in contact with each other, thereby causing the padding member to be damaged.",
172
+ "In addition, if the terminal convolutions 115a are deflected to one direction by the external force applied to the mattress, the spring assembly 100 has a problem in that the resilient force of the coil spring 115 is deteriorated due to the load focused toward one point. The deflected terminal convolutions 115a are contacted with a periphery surface of the upper border wire 120 or the lower border wire 120\u2032, thereby producing a frictional noise.",
173
+ "Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the problems involved in the prior art, and to provide an apparatus for packing free terminal convolutions of a spring assembly used in a mattress, by which terminal convolutions exposed from an upper surface and/or a lower surface of the spring assembly are packaged to interrupt interference between the convolutions and a padding member.",
174
+ "In order to achieve the above object, there is provided a spring assembly for a mattress, in which an outermost coil spring of a spring array is secured in a space between upper and lower border wires by pins, and helical coils are disposed in row directions on upper and lower portions of the spring array to knit an adjacent coil spring, such that each coil spring has a free terminal convolution protruded from an upper portion of the upper border wire and/or a lower portion of the lower border wire, the spring assembly includes an enclosure partially or fully provided in the row direction or a column direction on an upper end portion and/or a lower end portion of the coil spring to cover the terminal convolution, thereby interrupting interference between the terminal convolution and the upper and/or lower border wire and absorbing a lateral load applied to the terminal convolution.",
175
+ "The above objects, other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing the preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:",
176
+ "FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a conventional spring assembly.",
177
+ "FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating an application of a conventional spring assembly.",
178
+ "FIGS. 3 through 8 are cross-sectional views illustrating a non-woven fabric covering a spring assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, respectively.",
179
+ "FIGS. 9 and 10 are cross-sectional views illustrating a non-woven fabric covering a spring assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, respectively.",
180
+ "FIGS. 11 through 14 are cross-sectional views illustrating a molding of polyurethane foam disposed to a spring assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, respectively.",
181
+ "Reference will now be made in detail to preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.",
182
+ "FIGS. 3 through 8 are cross-sectional views illustrating a non-woven fabric covering a spring assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, respectively. FIGS. 9 and 10 are cross-sectional views illustrating the non-woven fabric covering the spring assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, respectively. FIGS. 11 through 14 are cross-sectional views illustrating a molding of polyurethane foam disposed to a spring assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, respectively. An outermost coil spring 115 of a spring array 110 is secured in a space between upper and lower border wires 120 and 120\u2032 by pins 140, and helical coils 130 are disposed in row directions R on upper and lower portions of the spring array 110 to knit an adjacent coil spring 115, such that each coil spring has a free terminal convolution 115a protruded from an upper portion of the upper border wire 120 and/or a lower portion of the lower border wire 120\u2032. An enclosure 10 is partially or fully provided in the row direction R or a column direction L on an upper end portion and/or an lower end portion of the coil spring to cover the terminal convolution 115a, thereby interrupting interference between the terminal convolution 115a and the upper and/or lower border wire 120 and 120\u2032 and absorbing a lateral load applied to the terminal convolution.",
183
+ "In components of the spring assembly 100 according to the present invention, the spring array 110, the upper and lower border wires 120 and 120\u2032 and the helical coil 130 have the same functions as those of components of a spring assembly, the description of which will be omitted herein. It will be described a difference between the present invention and the conventional spring assembly, the terminal convolution is covered by the enclosure 10.",
184
+ "The enclosure 10 is a member to cover the upper end portion or the lower end portion of the coil spring 115. Preferably, the enclosure 10 has a volume sufficient to wholly cover the terminal convolution 115a. In particular, the enclosure 10 may be any one of polyurethane foam and flexible non-woven fabric.",
185
+ "Although the embodiments are described with respect to the polyurethane foam and the non-woven fabric as the enclosure 10, any material to wholly cover the terminal convolution 115a and thus interrupt the interference between the padding member and the border wires can be employed.",
186
+ "Meanwhile, in the process of covering the terminal convolution 115a using the non-woven fabric as the enclosure 10, as shown in FIGS. 3 through 10, the non-woven fabric must be partially or fully provided in the row direction R or the column direction C on the upper end portion and/or the lower end portion of the coil spring for covering the terminal convolution 115a in the row direction R, and must be joined to an opposing side of the fabric.",
187
+ "Of course, when the non-woven fabric is enclosed around a circumference of the terminal convolution, one or more non-woven fabrics may be joined to each other to cover the terminal convolution 115a, and it would be apparent that a method of covering the terminal convolution using a non-woven fabric is covered by the scope of the present invention.",
188
+ "For example, as shown in FIG. 3, an upper non-woven fabric may cover the upper portion of the spring array 110 to fully enclose an upper portion of the terminal convolution 115a, and an end portion of the upper non-woven fabric may be tacked on or joined to a convolution of the terminal convolution 115a. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, an upper non-woven fabric may fully cover the upper portion of the spring array 110, and an end portion of the upper non-woven fabric may be tacked on or joined to the upper border wire 120 or the lower border wire 120\u2032.",
189
+ "In addition, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a lower non-woven fabric may be disposed in the row direction R under a lower portion of the terminal convolution 115a, and an upper non-woven fabric may be disposed in the row direction R on an upper portion of the terminal convolution 115a, such that the upper non-woven fabric may be tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric. Alternatively, a lower non-woven fabric may be disposed in a column direction C under a lower portion of the terminal convolution 115a, and an upper non-woven fabric may be disposed in the column direction C on an upper portion of the terminal convolution 115a, such that the upper non-woven fabric may be tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric.",
190
+ "At this time, as shown in FIG. 4, the upper non-woven fabric and the lower non-woven fabric may be cut by a piece, and enclose the terminal convolution 115a in the row direction R or column direction C. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5, the upper non-woven fabric and the lower non-woven fabric may enclose the terminal convolution 115a in the row direction R or column direction C, without cutting them.",
191
+ "Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a lower non-woven fabric may be disposed in the row direction R under a lower portion of the helical coil 130, and an upper non-woven fabric may be disposed in the row direction R on an upper portion of the terminal convolution 115a, such that the upper non-woven fabric may be tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric. Alternatively, a lower non-woven fabric may be disposed in the column direction C under a lower portion of the helical coil 130, and an upper non-woven fabric may be disposed in the column direction C on an upper portion of the terminal convolution 115a, such that the upper non-woven fabric is tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric.",
192
+ "At this time, the lower non-woven fabric is disposed at a position adjacent to the helical coil 130 or the spring array, and then the upper non-woven fabric is cut by a piece, as shown in FIG. 6, or the upper non-woven fabric is continuously used without cutting it, as shown in FIG. 7.",
193
+ "As shown in FIG. 8, an upper non-woven fabric may be faced to another non-woven fabric to cover an upper portion of the terminal convolution 115a along the row direction R, and a front end portion of the upper non-woven fabric may be wound around the terminal convolution to cover a lower portion of the terminal convolution 115a, such that the upper non-woven fabric may be tacked on or joined to an adjoining surface of the upper non-woven fabric. Alternatively, an upper non-woven fabric may be faced to another non-woven fabric to cover an upper portion of the terminal convolution 115a along the column direction C, and a front end portion of the upper non-woven fabric may be wound around the terminal convolution to cover a lower portion of the terminal convolution 115a, such that the upper non-woven fabric may be tacked on or joined to an adjoining surface of the upper non-woven fabric.",
194
+ "As shown in FIGS. 11 through 14, in the course of enclosing the terminal convolution 115a using the polyurethane foam as the enclosure 10, a wanted portion of the spring assembly 100, i.e., the terminal convolution 115a of the coil spring 115 is inserted into a mould (not shown) and is set at a given temperature during a predetermined time to partially or fully foam the terminal convolution 115a in the column direction C or row direction R.",
195
+ "In addition, in the course of enclosing the terminal convolution 115a of the coil spring 115 using the non-woven fabric shown in FIGS. 3 through 10 or the polyurethane foam shown in FIGS. 11 through 14, the terminal convolution 115a of the upper portion of the spring array 110 is partially or fully enclosed in the row direction R or the column direction C, and then the terminal convolution 115a of the lower portion of the spring array 110 is partially or fully enclosed in the row direction R or the column direction C.",
196
+ "The operation of the present invention will now be described.",
197
+ "First, in the case where the terminal convolution 115a of the spring assembly 100 is enclosed by the upper and lower non-woven fabrics, the upper and lower non-woven fabrics enclose around the terminal convolution 115a at a start point and an end point, and then adjoining surfaces are tacked on or joined to the lower non-woven fabric.",
198
+ "As shown in FIGS. 3 through 10, in the case where the terminal convolution 115a of the coil spring 115 is enclosed by the polyurethane foam, the terminal convolution 115a of the coil spring 115 is inserted into a mould (not shown) and is set at a given temperature during a predetermined time.",
199
+ "As such, the enclosure 10, such as non-woven fabric or polyurethane foam, is secured to any one of the upper and lower portions of the spring assembly 100. Specifically, the enclosure 10 is partially or fully secured in the row direction R or column direction C to the terminal convolution 115a of the coil spring 115.",
200
+ "Then, each padding member 150 is deposited on the upper and lower surfaces of the spring assembly 100, and is enclosed by the upper and lower cover and is sewed, thereby completing the process of manufacturing the mattress.",
201
+ "While the present invention has been described and illustrated herein with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention that come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.",
202
+ "With the above description, the enclosure of the non-woven fabric or the polyurethane foam is secured to the upper portion of the spring assembly, thereby protecting the padding member directly contacted with the circumference of the enclosure.",
203
+ "As such, if a weight of user is applied to the spring assembly in use, the enclosure interrupts the contact between the terminal convolution and the padding member, and an inclination of the terminal convolution is minimized, thereby blocking the frictional noise.",
204
+ "In addition, the padding member layered on the spring assembly is in surface contact with the enclosure enclosing the circumference of the terminal convolution, the terminal convolution does not interfere with the padding member, thereby preventing the friction therebetween and thus prolong a life of the mattress."
205
+ ],
206
+ "citations": [
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+ "1962871",
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+ "2124720",
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+ "2276516",
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+ "4862540",
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+ "5713088",
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+ "6036181",
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+ "6128798",
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+ "6490744"
215
+ ],
216
+ "us_classification": "5721",
217
+ "international_classifications": [
218
+ {
219
+ "classification_level": "A",
220
+ "section": "A",
221
+ "classification_class": "47",
222
+ "subclass": "C",
223
+ "main_group": "23",
224
+ "subgroup": "04"
225
+ }
226
+ ]
227
+ }
json_patents/06983504.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Method for carrying out an integrity test for filter elements",
3
+ "abstract": "A method for testing the integrity of filter elements, in which the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate is determined from the ratio of the volumetric gas flow rates and the ratio of the solubility or diffusion coefficients of two different gases in the wetting liquid of the filter elements or is determined from the ratio of the volumetric gas flow rates and the ratio of the solubility or diffusion coefficients of a test gas in two different wetting liquids.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Grummert",
6
+ "Pahl"
7
+ ],
8
+ "document_number": "06983504",
9
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
10
+ "assignees": [
11
+ "Sartorius AG"
12
+ ],
13
+ "claims": [
14
+ {
15
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
16
+ "preamble": "1. A method for testing the integrity of at least one filter element arranged in a device, said method comprising:",
17
+ "components": [
18
+ {
19
+ "component": "(a) filling pores of the filter material of the at least one filter element in the device with a wetting liquid,",
20
+ "subcomponents": []
21
+ },
22
+ {
23
+ "component": "(b) purging at least the retentate side of the at least one filter element in the device with a first gas,",
24
+ "subcomponents": []
25
+ },
26
+ {
27
+ "component": "(c) pressurizing the at least one filter element with the first gas under a test pressure and at a test temperature,",
28
+ "subcomponents": []
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "component": "(d) measuring the volumetric flow rate of the first gas through the at least one filter element at the test pressure,",
32
+ "subcomponents": []
33
+ },
34
+ {
35
+ "component": "(e) degassing the device,",
36
+ "subcomponents": []
37
+ },
38
+ {
39
+ "component": "(f) repeating steps (b) to (d) with a second gas,",
40
+ "subcomponents": []
41
+ },
42
+ {
43
+ "component": "(g) determining the ratio of the volumetric gas flow rates,",
44
+ "subcomponents": []
45
+ },
46
+ {
47
+ "component": "(h) determining the ratio of the solubility or diffusion coefficients of the gases in the wetting liquid at the test temperature, and",
48
+ "subcomponents": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "component": "(i) determining a convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate, wherein the ratio of the solubility or diffusion coefficients of the first and second gases in the wetting liquid at the test temperature is at least 1.25:1 and the viscosities of the gases at the test temperature do not differ by more than 50%.",
52
+ "subcomponents": []
53
+ }
54
+ ]
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
58
+ "preamble": "2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate is determined by calculating the volumetric gas flow rate due to convection through the at least one filter element.",
59
+ "components": []
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
63
+ "preamble": "3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate is determined by comparing the ratio of the volumetric gas flow rates with the ratio of the diffusion coefficients.",
64
+ "components": []
65
+ },
66
+ {
67
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
68
+ "preamble": "4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a maximum allowable convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate is determined by correlation to an independent retention test.",
69
+ "components": []
70
+ },
71
+ {
72
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
73
+ "preamble": "5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein the retention test is a protein retention test, a virus retention test, or a bacteria challenge test.",
74
+ "components": []
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
78
+ "preamble": "6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of like filter units are arranged in the device, and the determination of the ratio of the solubility or diffusion coefficients of the two gases in the wetting liquid in step (h) comprises measuring the volumetric flow rates in a single filter element of the same type which is known not to have defects or excessively large pores which would enable a convective gas flow to occur.",
79
+ "components": []
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
83
+ "preamble": "7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein steps (c) and (d) for the first and second gases are carried out at a plurality of test pressures.",
84
+ "components": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
88
+ "preamble": "8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the diffusion coefficients of the two test gases at the test temperature is at least 30:1.",
89
+ "components": []
90
+ },
91
+ {
92
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
93
+ "preamble": "9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the first gas is CO",
94
+ "components": []
95
+ },
96
+ {
97
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
98
+ "preamble": "10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one filter element has a total membrane area of 0.05 to 90 m",
99
+ "components": []
100
+ },
101
+ {
102
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
103
+ "preamble": "11. A method for testing the integrity of at least one filter element arranged in a device, said method comprising:",
104
+ "components": [
105
+ {
106
+ "component": "(a) filling pores of the filter material of the at least one filter element in the device with a first wetting liquid,",
107
+ "subcomponents": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "component": "(b) purging at least the retentate side of the at least one filter element in the device with a test gas,",
111
+ "subcomponents": []
112
+ },
113
+ {
114
+ "component": "(c) pressurizing the at least one filter element with the test gas under a test pressure and at a test temperature,",
115
+ "subcomponents": []
116
+ },
117
+ {
118
+ "component": "(d) measuring the volumetric flow rate of the test gas through the at least one filter element at the test pressure,",
119
+ "subcomponents": []
120
+ },
121
+ {
122
+ "component": "(e) degassing the device,",
123
+ "subcomponents": []
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "component": "(f) replacing the first wetting liquid in the pores of the filter material of the at least one filter element in the device with a second wetting liquid,",
127
+ "subcomponents": []
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "component": "(g) repeating steps (b) to (e) with the second wetting liquid,",
131
+ "subcomponents": []
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "component": "(h) determining the ratio of the volumetric gas flow rates,",
135
+ "subcomponents": []
136
+ },
137
+ {
138
+ "component": "(i) determining the ratio of the solubility or diffusion coefficients of the test gas in the wetting liquids at the test temperature, and",
139
+ "subcomponents": []
140
+ },
141
+ {
142
+ "component": "(j) determining the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate, wherein the ratio of the solubility or diffusion coefficients of the test gas in the first and the second wetting liquids at the test temperature is at least 1.25:1.",
143
+ "subcomponents": []
144
+ }
145
+ ]
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
149
+ "preamble": "12. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate is determined by calculating the volumetric gas flow rate due to convection through the at least one filter element.",
150
+ "components": []
151
+ },
152
+ {
153
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
154
+ "preamble": "13. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate is determined by comparing the ratio of the volumetric gas flow rates with the ratio of the diffusion coefficients.",
155
+ "components": []
156
+ },
157
+ {
158
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
159
+ "preamble": "14. A method according to claim 11 , wherein a maximum allowable convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate is determined by correlation to an independent retention test.",
160
+ "components": []
161
+ },
162
+ {
163
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
164
+ "preamble": "15. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the retention test is a protein retention test, a virus retention test, or a bacteria challenge test.",
165
+ "components": []
166
+ },
167
+ {
168
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
169
+ "preamble": "16. A method according to claim 11 , wherein a plurality of like filter units are arranged in the device, and the determination of the ratio of the solubility or diffusion coefficients of the test gas in the two wetting liquids in step (i) comprises measuring the volumetric flow rates in a single filter element of the same type which is known not to have defects or excessively large pores which would enable a convective gas flow to occur.",
170
+ "components": []
171
+ },
172
+ {
173
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
174
+ "preamble": "17. A method according to claim 11 , wherein steps (c) and (d) for the first and second wetting liquids are carried out at a plurality of test pressures.",
175
+ "components": []
176
+ },
177
+ {
178
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
179
+ "preamble": "18. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the ratio of the diffusion coefficients of the test gas in the two wetting liquids at the test temperature is at least 1.25:1.",
180
+ "components": []
181
+ },
182
+ {
183
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
184
+ "preamble": "19. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the first wetting liquid is ethanol and the second wetting liquid is water.",
185
+ "components": []
186
+ },
187
+ {
188
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
189
+ "preamble": "20. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the test gas is selected from the group consisting of air, CO",
190
+ "components": []
191
+ },
192
+ {
193
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00021",
194
+ "preamble": "21. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the at least one filter element has a total membrane area of 0.05 to 90 m",
195
+ "components": []
196
+ }
197
+ ],
198
+ "description": [
199
+ "This application is a continuation of international patent application no. PCT/EP02/03386, filed Mar. 26, 2002, designating the United States of America, and published in German as WO 02/078823, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Priority is claimed based on Federal Republic of Germany patent application no. DE 101 16,335.5, filed Apr. 2, 2001.",
200
+ "The present invention relates to a method for testing the integrity of filter elements.",
201
+ "Filtration systems, particularly those for sterile filtration, are tested for their integrity prior to and after filtration to ensure filtration reliability and product safety. This includes a diffusion test, a pressure retention test and a bubble point test, which are also approved for use in pharmaceutical applications, with special safety requirements regarding sterile filtration. These tests correlate to destructive load tests, the so-called bacteria challenge tests, in which standard test bacteria are used to determine the degree of sterile filtration by standardized test methods (ASTM 838-83).",
202
+ "The diffusion test measures the transmembrane diffusive flow of a gas (Fick's first law) through a wetted filter material, e.g., a membrane, established after the filter material is pressurized on one side with a test gas under a test pressure. To conduct the test, a filter element e.g., a membrane filter cartridge, which is wetted with a liquid, e.g., water, alcohol or a product fluid, is pressurized with a test gas under a test pressure, typically air or nitrogen. Various methods are used to measure the gas diffusion, e.g., measuring the gas volume on the clean side (filtrate side) or the amount of gas that needs to be delivered on the inflow side (retentate side) to maintain the test pressure, or determining the pressure increase on the clean side or the pressure drop on the inflow side after switching off the pressure gas source (pressure retention test).",
203
+ "In small-area systems the volumetric gas flow rate caused by genuine defects in the filter materials can be clearly detected based on its order of magnitude. This is no longer possible, however, in large area systems with many filter elements connected in parallel or with large filter cartridges that currently have filter areas of up to 90 m2. This is due to the fact that, when the test is conducted, no distinction can be made between the gas flow component produced by diffusion and the component based on convection caused by minor but harmful defects. Particularly in large filter areas, the diffusion component thus frequently overlaps the convection component, so that the measured total gas flow makes it appear as if the filter elements were intact.",
204
+ "Jornitz, published German Patent Application No. DE 199 18 419 describes a method for testing the integrity of filter elements using a combination of the diffusion test and the bubble point test. With this combination, a statement is to be made regarding the integrity of the filter elements, if the gas flow caused by diffusion does not exceed the maximum allowable value of the gas flow at the corresponding test pressure.",
205
+ "Weich, U.S. Pat. No. 5,417,101 (=DE 41 19 040) discloses a method and apparatus for testing the operational state of filter elements. The filter elements are present in a filter system that has a plurality of parallel filter elements, which in turn are divided into a plurality of blockable sections. According to the method proposed by U.S. Pat No. 5,417,101, the full gas flow rate of a test gas under a test pressure through the wetted filter material is measured collectively for all filter elements. Thereafter it is determined whether the measured flow rate differs from a first desired flow rate by an amount that falls within a first predefined range. The desired flow rate corresponds to the situation where the filters are intact. Any deviation that falls within the predefined range is said to indicate that all filter elements are intact. This method has the drawback that the desired inference is not unambiguous since, in such a case, defective filter elements may be present in the filter housing but their unacceptable increased gas flow cannot be detected by the collective measurement of the total flow rate.",
206
+ "If, however, the measured total flow rate exceeds the first desired flow rate by an amount that is greater than the amount allowed by the first predefined range, this should mean that at least one filter element is not intact. In this case, the passage of the gas through at least one segment is blocked and the total gas flow rate through the wetted filter material of the remaining filter elements is measured. Now it is determined whether this measured flow rate differs from a second desired flow rate that corresponds to the resulting reduced number of filter elements by an amount that falls within a second predefined range. A deviation in the second predefined range should indicate that one or more filter elements in the blocked segment is/are not intact.",
207
+ "This procedure again has the drawback that this inference, too, is not unambiguous, since in such a case defective filter elements may be present in the non-blocked segments but their unacceptably increased gas flow rate cannot be detected by the collective measurement of the flow rate. Thus, the method proposed by U.S. Pat. No. 5,417,101 does not produce unambiguous results with respect to the integrity of the filter elements.",
208
+ "In summary it may therefore be said, especially when filter systems with a plurality or many filter elements are tested using the methods of the prior art, that in case of doubt, each filter element must be individually tested for its integrity.",
209
+ "Thus, the object of the present invention was to provide an improved method for testing the integrity of filter elements.",
210
+ "Another object of the invention was to provide a method for testing the integrity of filter elements which makes it possible to distinguish between the gas flow caused by diffusion through a wetted filter material and the convective gas flow caused by excessively large pores or defects in the filter material.",
211
+ "A further object of the invention was to provide an unambiguous method for testing the integrity of filter elements even if these filter elements have a large filter area.",
212
+ "These and other objects have been achieved in accordance with the present invention by providing a filter element integrity test method as described and claimed hereinafter.",
213
+ "In particular, two method variants are provided for testing the integrity of one or more filter elements that are arranged in a device.",
214
+ "A variant using two different test gases and a single wetting liquid comprises the following steps:\n\n \n \n (a) filling the pores of the filter material of the one or more filter elements in the device with the wetting liquid,\n (b) purging at least the retentate side of the one or more filter elements in the device with a first test gas,\n (c) pressurizing the one or more filter elements with the first test gas under a test pressure at a test temperature,\n (d) measuring the volumetric flow rate of the first test gas through the one or more filter elements at the test pressure,\n (e) degassing the device (i.e., making it pressureless),\n (f) repeating steps (b) to (d) with a second test gas.\n (g) determining the ratio of the volumetric gas flow rates.\n (h) determining the ratio of the solubility and diffusion coefficients of the test gases in the wetting liquid at the test temperature, and\n (i) determining the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate,\n\nin which the ratio of the solubility and diffusion coefficients of the first and the second test gas in the wetting liquid at the test temperature is at least 1.25:1 and the viscosities of the gases at the test temperature do not differ by more than 50%.",
215
+ "A variant using a single test gas and two different wetting liquids comprises the following steps:\n\n \n \n (a) filling the pores of the filter material of the one or more filter elements in the device with a first wetting liquid,\n (b) purging at least the retentate side of the one or more filter elements in the device with the test gas,\n (c) pressurizing the one or more filter elements with the test gas under a test pressure at a test temperature,\n (d) measuring the volumetric flow rate of the test gas through the one or more filter elements at the test pressure,\n (e) degassing the device (i.e., making it pressureless),\n (f) exchanging the first wetting liquid in the pores of the filter material of the one or more filter elements in the device against a second wetting liquid,\n (g) repeating steps (b) to (e) with a second wetting liquid,\n (h) determining the ratio of the volumetric gas flow rates,\n (i) determining the ratio of the solubility and diffusion coefficients of the test gas in the wetting liquids at the test temperature, and\n (j) determining the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate,\n\nin which the ratio of the solubility and diffusion coefficients of the test gas in the first and second wetting liquid at the test temperature is at least 1.25:1.",
216
+ "The methods of the invention are based on the finding that two physical processes, diffusion and convection, are involved in the flow of a gas through a wetted filter membrane. The methods can be used analogously in combination as well. In any event, at least two measurements are taken with different solubility and diffusion coefficients of the test gas(es) in the wetting liquid(s).",
217
+ "Diffusion is described by Fick's first law and is a function of the area, the diffusion coefficient of the gas in the wetting liquid, the concentration of the gas in the liquid on the concentrate side (retentate side) of the membrane, the concentration of the gas in the liquid on the filtrate side of the membrane, the thickness of the membrane or the liquid-filled layer, and time. The quantities (effective) area and thickness of the liquid film cannot be measured or calculated exactly because they depend on membrane parameters, such as thickness and pore volume.",
218
+ "Convection or flow through large pores and/or defects in filtration membranes can be approximately described by the law of Hagen-Poiseuille. According to this law, convection depends, among other things, on pressure, temperature, the diameter of the cylindrical pores, and the viscosity of the gas.",
219
+ "The exact calculation and evaluation of convection in membranes is problematic because the pores or defects are not ideal, cylindrical tubes as the law of Hagen-Poiseuille postulates. To evaluate the volumetric gas flow rate caused by diffusion and/or convection in a membrane to be tested at a given pressure, a given temperature and with a given test gas to determine the integrity of the membrane, one has to take into account that a plurality of pores or defects of very different size may be present in the membrane. As a result, a distinction between many small defects or one large defect can be made only to a limited extent by selecting a suitable test pressure or by using several test pressures.",
220
+ "However, diffusion and convection cannot be distinguished directly in terms of their value when measuring the volumetric gas flow rate through the membrane at a given pressure. Yet, to make a statement regarding the integrity or lack of integrity of a membrane to be tested, the portion of the volumetric gas flow rate that is caused by convection due to large pores or defects is decisive. With the above-defined method, a convection component possibly present in the volumetric gas flow rate can be detected.",
221
+ "From the above considerations regarding the convection and diffusion components of the volumetric gas flow rate through a membrane, it follows that the limit values for the maximum allowable volumetric gas flow rate through an intact (new) filter element being considered must always be relatively far above the volumetric gas flow rates to be expected during use to allow a margin for fluctuations that are due to practically unmeasurable parameters. This means that for small area filter elements, a small convection component of the entire volumetric gas flow rate is already sufficient to indicate lack of integrity at the given test pressure and for the given filter area by measuring the volumetric flow rate of a single gas.",
222
+ "In contrast, in the case of large area membrane filters, a large convection component of the volumetric gas flow rate is required to detect any lack of integrity by measuring the volumetric flow rate of a single gas at a given test pressure and for a given filter area.",
223
+ "This can be illustrated by the following considerations: If, in a filter element with a total membrane area of 0.5 m2, a volumetric gas flow rate of 10 ml/min under specific conditions is defined as the limit that indicates that the filter element is intact and this value has been validated accordingly, such a filter element, when actually tested, can quite possibly have a value of, for example, only 6 ml/min. However, if a filtration system is equipped with 20 such filter elements, the fluctuation range resulting in the above example increases theoretically from 4 ml/min to 80 ml/min. For the reasons described above, it is now no longer possible to determine, without testing each individual filter element, whether e.g., a measured value of 180 ml/min is uniformly distributed over the 20 filter elements at 9 ml/min per filter element or whether, e.g., one filter element with a volumetric gas flow rate of 60 ml/min has large defects while the remaining 19 filter elements are intact and have a volumetric gas flow rate of approximately 6 ml/min that is based exclusively on diffusion processes.",
224
+ "In the method according to the invention, the volumetric flow rates of two different test gases are therefore measured in one wetting liquid or the volumetric gas flow rates of one test gas are measured in two different wetting liquids. When the volumetric flow rates through one and the same filter element are measured to determine the filter element's integrity, all the parameters, such as effective area, thickness of the liquid film, test pressure, etc., are equal. On the other hand, the gases and wetting liquids to be used in the methods according to the invention differ as follows with respect to their material constants relevant to diffusion and convection.",
225
+ "The quantity relevant for diffusion is the diffusion coefficient of the test gas in the wetting liquid. However, in the pairs of test gases and wetting liquids to be used, the diffusion coefficient differs by a large factor because of the different solubilities of the gas(es) in the wetting liquid(s). Because all the other conditions are equal during the measurements, the ratio of the solubility coefficients equals that of the diffusion coefficients. These ratios can thus be used synonymously. In contrast to the diffusion coefficients, the viscosity, which is relevant to convection, is equal when one test gas and two wetting liquids are used and almost identical when two test gases and one wetting liquid are used. In other words, the difference in the viscosities, by comparison with the solubility and diffusion coefficients, is negligible.",
226
+ "A preferred pair of test gases for use according to the invention is, for example. CO2 and air. For these gases (at 18\u00b0 C.) the ratio of the solubility coefficient of CO2 in water to that of air in water is approximately 41:1 (cf. D'Ains\u2014Lax, Taschenbuch f\u00fcr Chemiker and Physiker., Volume III. 4th edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1998, p. 1271.) In contrast, the viscosity of air (0.018 mPa\u00b7s, at 18\u00b0 C.) differs very little from the viscosity of CO2 (0.015 mPa\u00b7s, likewise at 18\u00b0 C.) (viscosity values from the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 57th edition, CRC Press, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, USA, 1976, p. F58). Thus, when the volumetric gas flow rates are measured, the convective component is nearly identical, while the diffusive component, in the case of CO2 relative to air, is increased by a factor of approximately 41.",
227
+ "A preferred pair of wetting liquids or test liquids for use according to the invention is, for example, water and ethanol. The viscosity of water at 20\u00b0 C. is 1.002 mPa\u00b7s and that of ethanol at 20\u00b0 C. is 1.200 mPa\u00b7s (see Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 5th edition, CRC Press, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, USA, 1974-1975, pp. F49 and F52).",
228
+ "The other relevant test conditions, such as pressure, temperature, etc. can be kept the same without much effort for both measurements.",
229
+ "Thus, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above-defined step (i) or (j) of the method using two test gases and one wetting liquid or one test gas and two wetting liquids comprises the calculation of the volumetric gas flow rate through the filter element(s) based on convection.",
230
+ "Based on the comparative measurement of the volumetric gas flow rates and the subsequent simple mathematical operation, the diffusive component of the volumetric gas flow rate in the integrity measurement can be eliminated by calculation from the values that are determined to assess the integrity in order to obtain the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate:\n\nVA=VKon,A+VDiff,A\u2003\u2003(I)\n\nVB=VKon,B+VDiff,B\u2003\u2003(II)",
231
+ "Because of the negligible viscosity differences, the following holds for the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate:\n\nVKon,A=VKon,B=VKon\u2003\u2003(III)",
232
+ "The diffusive component of the volumetric flow rate in the case of test gas A or in the wetting liquid A differs from that of test gas B or in wetting liquid B by the ratio (F) of the diffusion coefficients of the two test gases in the one wetting liquid or of the one test gas in the two different wetting liquids.\n\nVDiff,A=VDiff,B\u00b7F\u2003\u2003(IV)",
233
+ "Therefore:\n\nVA=VKon+VDiff,B\u00b7F\u2003\u2003(V)\n\nVB=VKon+VDiff,B\u2003\u2003(VI)",
234
+ "For the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate this yields:\n\nVKon=VB\u2212(VA\u2212VB)/(F\u22121)\u2003\u2003(VII)\n\nwhere:\n\n \n \n VA is the measured volumetric gas flow rate when using the test gas A in the single wetting liquid or when using the single test gas in the wetting liquid A\n VB is the measured volumetric gas flow rate when using the test gas B in the single wetting liquid or when using the single test gas in the wetting liquid B\n VDiff,A is the diffusive component of the volumetric gas flow rate when using the test gas A in the single wetting liquid or when using the single test gas in the wetting liquid A\n VDiff,B is the diffusive component of the volumetric gas flow rate when using the test gas B in the single wetting liquid or when using the single test gas in the wetting liquid B\n VKon on is the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate (independent of the test gas or the wetting liquid)\n F is the factor, i.e., the ratio of the diffusion coefficient of test gas A to the diffusion coefficient of test gas B when using a single wetting liquid or the diffusion coefficient of the single test gas in the wetting liquid A to the diffusion coefficient of the single test gas in the wetting liquid B.",
235
+ "The actual ratio of the diffusion coefficients and solubility coefficients is preferably determined experimentally since, for example, in the case of the gas pair CO2/air, other quantities, such as the reaction equilibriums\n\nCO2+2H2O\u21c4H2CO3\u00f7H2O\u21c4HCO3\u2212+H3O+\u2003\u2003(IIIV)\n\nalso play a role in this value.",
236
+ "According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the solubility or diffusion coefficients of the pairs of test gases and wetting liquids is advantageously determined in such a way that, in the case of a filtration system or device to be tested which has a plurality of like filter units, the volumetric flow rates of the first and the second gas when using a single wetting liquid or of the single gas when using two wetting liquids is measured in a single one of these filter elements which is known not to cause any convective gas flow as a result of defects or excessively large pores.",
237
+ "With the method according to the invention it is not absolutely necessary to calculate the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate explicitly or approximately. Step (i) or d) of the method according to the invention therefore preferably comprises the comparing of the ratio of the volumetric gas flow rates with the ratio of the solubility or diffusion coefficients of the pairs of test gases and wetting liquids.",
238
+ "The maximum convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate allowable with respect to the integrity of the filter element(s) being tested depends on the field of use of the filter element(s) and is therefore preferably determined by an appropriate process validation to be conducted by the user.",
239
+ "Thus according to yet another preferred embodiment, a maximum allowable convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate that shows that the filter element(s) is/are intact, is determined by correlation to an independent retention test. Preferred retention tests for use according to the invention include, for example, protein retention tests, virus retention tests and bacteria challenge tests.",
240
+ "For example, the maximum allowable convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate in a filter system, which is used in ultrafiltration with a retention of proteins of, e.g., >99.99%, must be set clearly lower than in a filter system with a protein retention of, e.g., only 50%. A further example which may be cited is sterile filtration. By definition, a sterile filter must meet the requirement that, when subjected to 107 bacteria/cm2 of membrane area, it is impermeable to the bacteria. In this case, the maximum allowable convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate can thus be determined by correlation to a bacteria challenge test. Of course, the maximum value of the convective component of the volumetric gas flow rate defined by such a correlation depends on the test pressure used.",
241
+ "Preferably, steps (c) and (d) for the different pairs of test gases and wetting liquids are carried out at several test pressures. This preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention has the advantage that the use of several different test pressures significantly enhances the differentiation between a plurality of small defects or a few large defects, because this eliminates the superimposed diffusive component in the measurement of the volumetric gas flow rates.",
242
+ "The foregoing procedure will now be explained with reference to a calculation example based on the method using two different test gases and one wetting liquid. The same applies, analogously, to the method using one test gas and two different wetting liquids.",
243
+ "A filtration device with 10 identical filter elements to be tested simultaneously is assumed. The separately determined limit value of the volumetric gas flow rate with air in an intact filter element is <10 ml/min. In the first case, all 10 elements should be intact and should each have a volumetric airflow of 6 ml/min based on diffusion and no defects with a convective airflow. In the second case, all 10 elements should have an airflow due to diffusion of 6 ml/min each, and one element should have a defect that causes a convective airflow of 35 ml/min. A diffusion or solubility coefficient ratio of CO2 to air of 41:1 is used as a basis.",
244
+ "As the results summarized below in Table 1 show, in contrast to the prior-art methods in which only the volumetric flow rate of a single gas was measured, the method according to the invention makes it possible to make an unambiguous statement regarding the integrity of filter elements.",
245
+ "TABLE 1\n\n\n\n\n\nMethod\nCase 1\nCase 2\nDifference\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMethod according to the prior art\n\n\nLimit value: e.g., 10 ml/min per element\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAir measurement\n\n\n\n\n\nConvective component\n\u2014\n\u2003\u2002\u2009\u200935 ml/min\n\n\nDiffusive component\n\u2003\u200910.6 ml/min\n\u2003\u200910.6 ml/min\n\n\nTotal\n\u2003\u2002\u2009\u200960 ml/min\n\u2003\u2002\u2009\u200995 ml/min\n3.5 ml/min\n\n\n\n\n\nper element\n\n\nEvaluation (limit\nTight\nleaky ???\nunclear (95%\n\n\nvalue: 100 ml/min)\n\n\nof limit\n\n\n\n\n\nvalue)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMethod according to the invention\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAir measurement\n\n\n\n\n\nConvective component\n\u2014\n\u2003\u2002\u2009\u200935 ml/min\n\n\nDiffusive component\n\u2003\u200910.6 ml/min\n\u2003\u200910.6 ml/min\n\n\nTotal\n\u2003\u2002\u2009\u200960 ml/min\n\u2003\u2002\u2009\u200995 ml/min\n\n\nCO2 measurement\n\n\nConvective component\n\u2014\n\u2003\u2002\u2009\u200935 ml/min\n\n\nDiffusive component\n10.6.41 ml/min\n10.6.41 ml/min\n\n\nTotal\n\u2002\u2009\u20092460 ml/min\n\u2002\u2009\u20092495 ml/min\n\n\nCO2/air factor\n41\n26.3\n63.9% of\n\n\n\n\n\ntheoretical\n\n\n\n\n\nvalue (41)\n\n\nEvaluation\nTight\nDefective\nunambiguous",
246
+ "The ratio of the diffusion coefficients or the solubility coefficients of the gases used in the method according invention in the wetting fluid at the test temperature is at least 30:1. As stated above, a preferred pair of test gases for the method according to the invention is CO2 and air. Another suitable test gas pair is CO2 and nitrogen, since the corresponding physical properties of these gases, particularly the diffusion coefficients or the solubility coefficients in liquids, such as water, also have values that are advantageous for the method according to the invention (ratio of the solubility coefficients at 20\u00b0 C. in water: CO2 to nitrogen =51.5:1; see D'Ans\u2014Lax, supra, p. 1271). These gases are also inexpensive, non-hazardous and easy to handle. Of course, any combination of gases, e.g., noble gases, such as helium, neon and argon, can be used in the method according to the invention, as long as these gases have the required values regarding the solubility coefficients in the respective wetting liquid and do not adversely affect the filter membranes during measurement.",
247
+ "Preferred wetting liquids for use in the method according to the invention are water, alcohol, product liquids, such as salt solutions (e.g., isotonic sodium chloride solution), buffer solutions (e.g., phosphate buffer), protein-containing (salt) solutions, cell-containing (salt) solutions as well as product liquids in the beverage field, e.g., beer, wine, etc., and mixtures thereof.",
248
+ "The method according to the invention is especially suitable for testing the integrity of large area filter units where the filter element(s) has/have a total membrane area of 0.05 to 90 m2. The method according to the invention can be used for filter areas of any size; the accuracy of the method is established for any filter area. For example, the result of an application-specific correlation (e.g., a defined virus retention value with the maximum allowable convective gas flow) that was determined with a small filter area (e.g., a filter element with an area of 0.05 m2) can be applied to a larger filter area (e.g., more than one filter element up to, for example, 90 m2).",
249
+ "The method according to the invention is suitable, for example, for testing the integrity of cross flow elements as well as filter cartridges that are inserted in corresponding housings. Especially in the testing of the integrity of filter cartridges in corresponding filter housings used for sterile filtration, where it is not possible to purge the clean side, i.e., the filtrate side, because of the sterile filtration, the filter housing must be completely purged on the \u201cunclean\u201d side, i.e., the retentate side of the filter. This is accomplished by pressurizing the unclean side of the filter with a constant test gas pressure to sufficiently stabilize the system to be tested.",
250
+ "When the retentate side of the filter or the filter cartridge is purged, the flow through the corresponding filter housing is sufficient because the outlets at the top and in the bottom of the filter housing are slightly opened.",
251
+ "The individual components of a test apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention include prior-art or commercially available devices.",
252
+ "Required are pressure sources for two different gases, valves for selecting or adding the respectively required gas and a device for controlling the test pressure and measuring the volumetric gas flow rate.",
253
+ "Preferred devices for controlling the test pressure and measuring the volumetric gas flow rate include, for example, Sartocheck type devices produced by Sartorius AG as well as other commercially available or prior-art devices for regulating and controlling a test pressure in connection with other commercially available or prior art devices for the volumetric measurement of gases, e.g., suspended elements, calorimetric devices or burettes. Furthermore, a suitable test device preferably includes one or more lines with valves for filling the entire system, including the filtrate side, with the respective gas.",
254
+ "Devices for controlling the test pressure and measuring the volumetric gas flow rate, e.g., a device of the Sartocheck series, determine the pressure drop on the membrane side subject to the test pressure (retentate side) of the filter element(s). This pressure drop is a function of the test gas permeating through the pores filled with the wetting liquid, e.g., water. The measured pressure drop is used to determine the volumetric gas flow rate through the filter element(s).",
255
+ "If a burette is used to measure the volumetric gas flow rate, the measurement is taken on the filtrate side of the membrane. On the pressureless membrane side, the gas that permeated through the membrane is quantitatively detected with a liquid-filled burette.",
256
+ "The invention will be described in further detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawing figures in which:",
257
+ "FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a test apparatus adapted to carry out the method according to the invention, in which both the device for controlling the test pressure and the device for measuring the volumetric gas flow rate are located on the retentate side of the cross flow filter unit.",
258
+ "FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a filter housing with filter cartridges installed therein, in which the volumetric gas flow rate is measured with a burette at the housing outlet.",
259
+ "FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a test apparatus adapted to carry out the method of the invention for dead end filter units, in which two wetting fluids are used.",
260
+ "In one preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention is carried out by a test apparatus according to FIG. 1. The test gases, e.g., CO2 and air, are supplied to the system, alternately or mixed, from pressure sources (1a, 1b) via corresponding lines equipped with valves (2a, 2b). In the case illustrated in FIG. 1, a device (3) for controlling the pressure (3a) and for measuring the volumetric gas flow rate (3b) is located on the retentate side (4a) of the cross flow filter unit (4) with the filter (4c). The retentate side (4a) and the filtrate side (4b) of the filter unit (4) can be filled with the respective test gas via purging lines (5) equipped with a valve (6).",
261
+ "In another embodiment of a test apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention (FIG. 2), one or more filter cartridges (8) are arranged in a filter housing (7). The respective test gas is supplied to the filter housing (7) via a housing inlet (9). The retentate side of the filter cartridges (8) is purged completely by slightly opening the upper vent cock (10) and the vent on the housing floor (11). The volumetric gas flow rate through the filter cartridges (8) is measured using a burette which is connected at the housing inlet (12) and which quantitatively detects the gas which passes through the membrane of the filter cartridges (8).",
262
+ "In yet another preferred embodiment the method according to the invention is carried out using a test apparatus as illustrated in FIG. 3. The test gas, e.g., air, is supplied to the system from a pressure source (1a) via a corresponding line with a valve (2a). In the case illustrated in FIG. 3, a device (3) for controlling the pressure (3a) and measuring the volumetric gas flow rate (3b) is located on the inflow side (4a) of the dead end filter unit (4) with the filter (4c). The inflow side (retentate side) (4a) of the filter unit (4) can be purged or filled with the test gas via a purging line (5) equipped with a valve (6). To introduce wetting liquids (13, 14) into the filter unit (4), the tanks with the respective wetting liquid (13, 14) are connected with the inlet of the dead end filter unit (4) via valves (15, 16) and a line (17) and via an additional three-way valve (18).",
263
+ "The method according to the invention was carried out by means of diffusion measurements at a test pressure of 1 bar using four separate Sartocon-II cassettes made by Sartorius AG. The membrane of cassette No. 4 was mechanically damaged. The test gases used were air and CO2. Furthermore, the same measurements were simultaneously made with three intact cassettes (No. 1-3), again with air and CO2. Finally, the method was simultaneously carried out using two intact (No. 1 and No. 2) and one intentionally damaged cassette (No. 4) under the same test conditions, again using air and CO2 as test gases. The device used to control the pressure and to determine the gas volume was a Sartocheck-3-EPS type device (Sartorius AG). The filter cassettes were cross flow units of the type 3021442906E-SG (Sartorius AG). Each filter cassette had a total membrane area of 0.6 m2.",
264
+ "The measuring parameters are given in Table 2. The measuring time differs because the optimal operating range of the measuring instrument used (Sartocheck-3-EPS) has to be selected. Due to the strong diffusion of CO2 a strong pressure drop occurs on the retentate side of the filter unit(s), so that a shorter test time was selected. In contrast, the pressure drop for air under the given conditions is much smaller, so that a longer test time is required.",
265
+ "In this example, a limit value was determined for the maximum allowable gas flow (using air as the test gas) by means of protein retention for the module type 3021442906E-SG. The protein retention value to be achieved was set at >99.99%. The correlation showed that the maximum allowable gas flow of air at this protein retention value at a test pressure of 1bar in this example is 5 ml/min.",
266
+ "TABLE 2\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGas\nAir\nCO2\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nStabilization time\n\u20025 min\n5 min\n\n\n\nTest time\n10 min\n3 min\n\n\n\nTest pressure\n\u20021 bar\n1 bar\n\n\n\nTemperature\n20\u00b0 C.\n20\u00b0 C.\n\n\n\nLimit value\n\u20025 ml/min\n\u2014",
267
+ "Table 3 shows the measurement results.",
268
+ "TABLE 3\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDiffusion\nDiffusion\n\n\n\nCassette\nMeasurement with\nMeasurement with\n\n\nNo.\nAir ml/min\nCO2 ml/min\nCO2/Air Ratio\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1\n0.9\n26\n28.89:1\n\n\n2\n0.8\n26.5\n33.13:1\n\n\n3\n0.6\n21.3\n35.50:1\n\n\n4\n11.7\n57\n\u20024.98:1\n\n\n1, 2, 3\n2.3\n71.2\n30.96:1\n\n\n1, 2, 4\n14.7\n84.5\n\u20025.75:1",
269
+ "It was found that when measuring two intact filter units and one damaged unit, the ratio of the volumetric gas flow rates of CO2/air strongly deviates from the ratio that is determined when three intact filter units are measured.",
270
+ "The method according to the invention was carried out with three separate Sartorius AG Sartocon-II cassettes by means of diffusion measurements at a test pressure of 0.5 bar. The membrane of cassette No. 3 was mechanically damaged. The test gas used was air and the wetting liquids were ethanol (96%) and water. The same measurements were conducted simultaneously with two intact cassettes (No. 1-2), again using ethanol (96%) and water. The method was then carried out simultaneously with one intact cassette (No. 2) and one deliberately damaged cassette (No. 3) under the same test conditions, again using ethanol (96%) and water as wetting liquids. Finally, the method was carried out simultaneously with two intact cassettes (Nos. 1 and 2) and one deliberately damaged cassette (No. 3) under the same test conditions, again using ethanol (96%) and water as wetting liquids. The device used to control the pressure and to determine the gas volume was a Sartocheck-3-EPS type device (Sartorius AG). The filter cassettes were cross flow units of the type 01030070,029 (No. 1), 01030070,030 (No. 2) and 01020040,034 (No. 3) (Sartorius AG). Each filter cassette had a total membrane area of 0.6 m2.",
271
+ "The measuring parameters are given in Table 4.",
272
+ "TABLE 4\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWetting liquid\nEthanol (96%)\nWater\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nStabilization time\n\u2002\u20095 min\n\u2002\u20095 min\n\n\n\nTest time\n\u2002\u20095 min\n\u2002\u20095 min\n\n\n\nTest pressure\n0.5 bar\n0.5 bar\n\n\n\nTemperature\n20\u00b0 C.\n20\u00b0 C.\n\n\n\nLimit value with\n\u200925 ml/min\n\u2002\u20093 ml/min\n\n\n\ntest gas air",
273
+ "Table 5 shows the measurement results.",
274
+ "TABLE 5\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDiffusion\nDiffusion\n\n\n\n\nMeasurement with\nMeasurement with\n\n\nCassette\nAir in Ethanol\nAir in Water\nEthanol/Water\n\n\nNo.\n(96%) ml/min\nml/min\nRatio\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1\n19.4\n1.9\n10.21:1\n\n\n(intact)\n\n\n2\n18.1\n1.4\n12.93:1\n\n\n(intact)\n\n\n3\n37.2\n13.8\n\u20032.7:1\n\n\n(defective)\n\n\n1, 2\n36.8\n3.1\n11.87:1\n\n\n(intact)\n\n\n2, 3\n56.1\n14.8\n\u20023.79:1\n\n\n(defective)\n\n\n1, 2, 3\n78.4\n15\n\u20025.23:1\n\n\n(defective)",
275
+ "It was found that if a damaged (i.e., leaking) filter unit, or intact filter units combined with damaged filter units were measured, the ratio of the volumetric gas flow rates in ethanol (96%)/water strongly deviated from the ratio determined if individual intact filter units, or if two intact filter units were tested.",
276
+ "These examples effectively demonstrate the reliability of the method according to the invention, especially in testing the integrity of filter units with large total membrane areas.",
277
+ "The foregoing description and examples have been set forth merely to illustrate the invention and are not intended to be limiting. Since modifications of the described embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the invention may occur to persons skilled in the art, the invention should be construed broadly to include all variations within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof."
278
+ ],
279
+ "citations": [
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+ "5282380",
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+ "5353630",
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+ "5361625",
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+ "5417101",
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+ "5581017",
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+ "5591898",
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+ "5594161",
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+ "6568282",
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+ "6640615",
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+ "4209519",
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+ "4119040",
291
+ "19918419",
292
+ "0582822",
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+ "0592066",
294
+ "4142445"
295
+ ],
296
+ "us_classification": "7 38",
297
+ "international_classifications": [
298
+ {
299
+ "classification_level": "A",
300
+ "section": "G",
301
+ "classification_class": "01",
302
+ "subclass": "N",
303
+ "main_group": "15",
304
+ "subgroup": "08"
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ }
json_patents/06983505.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Folding multi-tool with adjustable pliers",
3
+ "abstract": "A folding multi-tool comprising first and second generally channel-shaped handles each having first and second ends, each generally channel-shaped handle having an open side and an at least partly closed side opposite the open side, the at least partly closed sides comprising plier-receiving openings. The folding multi-tool also includes pliers including first and second plier halves pivotally and adjustably mounted to each other, with the plier halves being pivotally mounted between flanges at the first ends of the handles. Control straps extend between the flanges for limiting the maximum pivotal movement of the plier halves and for frictionally resisting pivotal movement of the plier halves. The folding multi-tool is foldable between a closed, compact configuration and an opened, extended configuration for operating the pliers and in the opened, extended configuration the open sides of the handles face each other.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "McIntosh",
6
+ "Griffey",
7
+ "Cook"
8
+ ],
9
+ "document_number": "06983505",
10
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
11
+ "assignees": [
12
+ "Leatherman Tool Group, Inc."
13
+ ],
14
+ "claims": [
15
+ {
16
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
17
+ "preamble": "1. A folding multi-tool, said multi-tool comprising:",
18
+ "components": [
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "first and second generally channel-shaped handles each having first and second ends, each generally channel-shaped handle including an open side and an at least partly closed side opposite said open side, each of said at least party closed sides defining a plier-receiving opening and including rounded longitudinal edges;",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "component": "pliers for grasping items and including first and second plier halves pivotally and adjustably mounted to each other, with said plier halves being adjustably moveable between a compact, first position for grasping small items and an expanded, second position for grasping larger items, each of said plier halves including a respective tang, and each said tang being pivotally mounted to said first end of a respective one of said handles; and",
25
+ "subcomponents": []
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "component": "wherein said folding multi-tool is foldable between a closed, compact configuration and an opened extended configuration for operating said pliers, and wherein in said opened, extended configuration, said at least partly closed sides of said handles face apart from each other.",
29
+ "subcomponents": []
30
+ }
31
+ ]
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
35
+ "preamble": "2. The multi-tool of claim 1 , each of said handles including a pliers stop adjacent said open side thereof, at said first end thereof, and each of said tangs engaging said pliers stop of a respective one of said first ends.",
36
+ "components": []
37
+ },
38
+ {
39
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
40
+ "preamble": "3. The folding multi-tool of claim 2 , including first and second plier jaw stops disposed adjacent said plier-receiving openings in said at least partly closed sides of said handles.",
41
+ "components": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
45
+ "preamble": "4. The folding multi-tool of claim 3 wherein said first and second plier jaw stops are positioned at least partially within said handles.",
46
+ "components": []
47
+ }
48
+ ],
49
+ "description": [
50
+ "This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/218,848, filed Aug. 13, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,718,585, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/859,344, filed May 16, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,430,768, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/204,432, filed Dec. 3, 1998 now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/784,941, filed Jan. 16, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,047,426, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/609,975, filed Feb. 29, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,697,114.",
51
+ "The present invention relates generally to a multi-function pocket tool which includes adjustable pliers and other selected tools.",
52
+ "Multi-function tools are well known. In typical multi-function tools, pliers and other selected tools, such as screwdrivers, knife blades, files, etc., are provided in a single tool. Known multi-function tools often include pliers and have channel-shaped handles pivotally connected to the tangs of the pliers. The handles fold over so that the pliers are received in the channel-shaped handles. Also, the other tools fold over and are received in the channel-shaped handles as well.",
53
+ "One disadvantage of such known arrangements is that when using the pliers of the tool, the open sides of the channel-shaped handles face outwardly, away from one another. When gripping the tool tightly to secure an object with the plier jaws, the open sides of the channel-shaped handles can become uncomfortable and can limit the amount of gripping force comfortably applied by the user.",
54
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 4,744,272 of Leatherman relates to a foldable tool and discloses the use of handle extensions which can be folded over to provide a broad smooth surface to be grasped and squeezed by the user's hand. This also has the effect of lengthening the tool, thereby making it less compact in operation.",
55
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 5,142,721 of Sessions, et al. relates to a pocket tool with retractable jaws and describes another approach to addressing this need for comfortable plier handles. The pocket tool disclosed in Sessions. et al. includes a pair of retractable jaws which slide into and out of the channel-shaped handles. This tends to add to the complexity of the tool and somewhat reduces the strength of the pliers.",
56
+ "Another disadvantage of such known arrangements is that to deploy an individual tool for use, the multi-function tool handles must be opened, the individual tool selected and opened, and the multi-function tool handles closed. This is somewhat cumbersome and slow.",
57
+ "Accordingly, it can be seen that a need remains in the art for a folding multi-tool with pliers which, when the pliers are in use, provides a smooth handgrip. A need also remains for a folding multi-tool in which the individual tools can be easily and quickly deployed for use. It is to the provision of such a folding multi-tool that the present invention is primarily directed.",
58
+ "Briefly described, in a first preferred form the present invention comprises a folding multi-tool with first and second generally channel-shaped handles. The handles each have first and second ends and an open side and an at least partly closed side opposite the open side. The at least partly closed sides include openings for receiving pliers. The folding multi-tool also includes pliers comprising first and second plier halves pivotally mounted to each other, with the plier halves also being pivotally mounted to the first ends of the handles. Also, the folding multi-tool is foldable between a closed, compact configuration and an opened, extended configuration for operating the pliers. In the opened, extended configuration, the open sides of the handles face each other.",
59
+ "Preferably, the folding multi-tool includes, in each of the handles, at least one tool pivotally mounted to the second ends for pivotal movement between a closed position and an opened position, with the tools being received in the open sides of the handles. Preferably, the individual tools can be moved from the closed positions to the opened positions while the folding multi-tool is in its closed, compact configuration. Also preferably, the partly closed sides of the folding multi-tool are provided with rounded edges for greater comfort.",
60
+ "Preferably, the folding multi-tool includes first and second control straps for limiting the maximum pivotal movement of the plier halves relative to the plier handles and for frictionally resisting pivotal movement of the pliers. Preferably, the plier halves each include an eccentric tang and the tangs are mounted between flanges. The eccentric tangs engage the control straps and provide greater frictional resistance to pivotal movement of the pliers with the multi-tool in the opened, extended configuration than in the closed, compact configuration. This allows the multi-tool to be easily opened, while at the same time helps to maintain the multi-tool in the opened, extended configuration once opened.",
61
+ "In a second preferred form the present invention comprises a folding multi-tool with first and second generally channel-shaped handles. The handles each have first and second ends and an open side and an at least partly closed side opposite the open side. The at least partly closed sides include openings for receiving pliers. The folding multi-tool also includes pliers comprising first and second plier halves pivotally and adjustably mounted to each other, the plier halves being adjustably movable between a compact, first position for grasping small items and an expanded, second position for grasping larger items. The plier halves also are pivotally mounted to the first ends of the handles. Also, the folding multi-tool is foldable between a closed, compact configuration and an opened, extended configuration for operating the pliers. In the opened, extended configuration, the open sides of the handles face each other.",
62
+ "The folding multi-tool according to the invention is very comfortable to use, is extremely compact, is simple in its construction, and durable in use. The folding multi-tool according to the invention also results in widely adaptable, strong, stable pliers, which are comfortably gripped, allowing the user to apply great force thereto. Conveniently, the invention also allows the individual tools (other than the pliers) to be used from the closed, compact configuration without opening the entire folding multi-tool.",
63
+ "Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a folding multi-tool with pliers and comfortable hand grips.",
64
+ "It is another object of the present invention to provide a folding multi-tool which allows great gripping force to be applied to the pliers of the handle comfortably.",
65
+ "It is another object of the present invention to provide a folding multi-tool with pliers which is relatively compact when the pliers are in use.",
66
+ "It is another object of the present invention to provide a folding multi-tool with strong, stable pliers.",
67
+ "It is another object of the present invention to provide a folding multi-tool with a plurality of individual tools which can be deployed without opening the entire multi-tool.",
68
+ "It is another object of the present invention to provide a folding multi-tool with a plurality of individual tools which can be easily and quickly deployed.",
69
+ "It is another object of the present invention to provide a folding multi-tool with adjustable pliers.",
70
+ "These and other objects, advantages, and features of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following specification in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures.",
71
+ "FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of a folding multi-tool in a first preferred form of the invention, shown in a closed, compact configuration.",
72
+ "FIG. 2 is a perspective illustration of the folding multi-tool of FIG. 1, shown with some tools thereof deployed.",
73
+ "FIG. 3 is a perspective illustration of the folding multi-tool of FIG. 1, shown with some other tools thereof deployed.",
74
+ "FIG. 4 is a perspective illustration of the folding multi-tool of FIG. 1, shown in a fully opened, extended configuration.",
75
+ "FIG. 4A is a sectional view of the folding multi-tool of FIG. 4 taken along the lines of 4A\u20144A, with some elements omitted for clarity.",
76
+ "FIG. 5 is a perspective illustration of the folding multi-tool of FIG. 1, shown in a slightly opened configuration.",
77
+ "FIG. 6 is a perspective illustration of the folding multi-tool of FIG. 1, shown in a moderately opened configuration.",
78
+ "FIG. 7 is perspective illustration of the folding multi-tool of FIG. 1, shown in a substantially opened configuration.",
79
+ "FIG. 8 is a plan view of a folding multi-tool in a second preferred form of the invention, shown in an opened configuration with some elements omitted for clarity.",
80
+ "FIG. 9 is a plan view of the folding multi-tool of FIG. 8 in an opened configuration with the plier jaws closed, with some elements omitted for clarity.",
81
+ "Referring now to the drawing figures, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts throughout the several views, FIG. 1 shows a folding multi-tool 10 according to a preferred form of the invention. The folding multi-tool 10 depicted in FIG. 1 is shown in a closed, compact configuration, such as would be used for storing the tool in a sheath. The folding multi-tool 10 includes first and second channel-shaped handles 11 and 12.",
82
+ "Each of the channel-shaped handles 1l and 12 is generally \u201cC\u201d-shaped in cross-section and includes an upper wall, a lower wall, and a vertically extending wall between the upper and lower walls. For example, handle 12 includes lower wall 13 and upper wall 14 and an unshown (at least in FIG. 1) vertical wall extending therebetween. Likewise, channel-shaped handle 11 includes an upper wall 16, an unshown lower wall, and a vertical wall 17 extending therebetween.",
83
+ "The channel-shaped handles include integral shoulders, such as shoulders 18, 19, and 20. The shoulders extend at an angle between the upper and lower walls of the handles and flange portions, such as flanges 23\u201326. Plier tangs 27 and 28 are positioned between the flanges 23 and 24, and 25 and 26 (the pliers will be described in more detail in connection with subsequent figures). The plier tangs 27 and 28 are mounted between the flanges for pivotal movement about pivot axes 31 and 32. The plier tangs 27 and 28 are secured in place by combination bolt/pivot pins 33 and 34 which extend through the upper flanges 23 and 25, through the plier tangs 27 and 28, and are threadedly received in the lower flanges 24 and 26. The bolts/pivot pins 33 and 34, along with the upper and lower flanges, constrain the movement of plier tangs 27 and 28 to pivotal movement about the pivot axes 31 and 32.",
84
+ "Extending between the upper and lower flanges are a pair of plier stops 36 and 37 for limiting the pivotal motion of the plier tangs. The plier stops 36 and 37 each include three vertical surfaces or shoulders, such as surfaces 36a, 36b, and 36c. The plier stops are generally \u201cC\u201d-shaped and include upper and lower flanges, such as lower flange 36d. The plier tangs 27 and 28 include tabs 27a and 28a which engage the plier stops 36 and 37, fitting between the upper and lower flanges of the plier stops and being limited in travel by the shoulders, such as shoulder 36b.",
85
+ "The tangs 27, 28 are eccentric and eccentrically contact an interior surface of the plier stops 36, 37 such that when the folding multi-tool 10 is in the folded, compact configuration shown in FIG. 1, the plier stops provide a modest frictional resistance to the pivotal movement of the plier tangs 27, 28, while in the unfolded, opened configuration shown in FIG. 4, the plier stops provide a greater frictional resistance to pivotal movement of the plier tangs. This allows the folding multi-tool to be opened easily and quickly, while also helping to hold the pliers in place when the folding multi-tool is in the extended configuration of FIG. 4 (making the pliers easier to use).",
86
+ "At the end of the handles 11 and 12 opposite the location of the plier tangs 26 and 27 a second pair of combination bolts/pivot pins is provided, in particular bolts/pivot pins 41 and 42. These bolts/pivot pins extend through the upper walls 14 and 16 of the handles and through numerous individual tools received in the channel-shaped handles, to the lower walls of the handles. Thus, the bolts/pivot pins 41 and 42 act as pivot axles to constrain movement of the various tools to pivotal motion about pivot axes 43 and 44.",
87
+ "A number of tools are pivotally received in the open sides of the handles 11 and 12 and are pivoted about the pivot axes 43 and 44. For example, in the illustrative embodiment shown in FIG. 1, handle 12 includes a knife 51, a Phillips screwdriver 52, and a file 53. As can be seen in FIG. 1, these tools are received in the open side of the channel-shaped handles and open outwardly therefrom. For example, the knife, Phillips screwdriver, or file 51\u201353 can be deployed by rotating each in the direction of direction arrow 54 to swing them outwardly from the open side of the channel-shaped handle 12. This arrangement advantageously allows the tools to be deployed from the closed, compact configuration of the folding multi-tool overall, a significant convenience. For example, in the known prior art, in order to deploy the typical tools, one must move the handles apart from one another, and then pull the individual tool out, and then close up the handles again in order to use a selected tool. By stark contrast, the present invention allows the user to select, deploy and use an individual tool without opening up the multi-tool overall.",
88
+ "FIGS. 2 and 3 show how the individual tools can be easily and quickly deployed without opening up the entire multi-tool. For example, in FIG. 2 the folding multi-tool 10 is shown in its closed, compact configuration with the open sides of the channel-shaped handles 11 and 12 facing away from each other. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the channel-shaped handle 12 has an open side 56 which generally points in the direction of direction arrow 57. Likewise, channel-shaped handle 11 has an open side 58 which points in the direction of direction arrows 59, which is opposite to direction arrow 57. With this construction, the individual tools, such as knife 51, the Phillips screwdriver 52, and the file 53 can be quickly and easily deployed, without opening up the entire folding multi-tool 10.",
89
+ "FIG. 3 shows the deployment of other individual tools, including straight screwdriver 61, lanyard loop 62, larger straight screwdriver 63, a combination can opener and bottle opener 64, and a serrated knife 65.",
90
+ "Referring now to FIG. 4, the folding multi-tool 10 is shown in its open, extended configuration for using the pliers. The folding multi-tool 10 includes pliers 70 having a first plier half 71 and a second plier half 72. First plier half 71 includes tang 28, a lower platen 73 and plier jaw 74. Similarly, second plier half 72 includes plier tang 27, upper platen 76, and plier jaw 77. A large pivot pin 78 extends through the upper and lower platens and secures them to one another and acts as a pivot axle to allow the first and second plier halves 71 and 72 to be pivoted relative to each other. As can be seen in this figure, the plier stops, such as plier stop 37, limit the pivotal movement of the tangs 27 and 28 to allow the handles 11 and 12 to operate the pliers.",
91
+ "As previously described, the handles 11 and 12 include open sides 56 and 58. The handles 11 and 12 also include partly closed sides 81 and 82. Each of the partly closed sides includes a vertical wall, such as vertical wall 83 of handle 12 (shown in FIG. 4) or vertical wall 17 shown in FIG. 1. These vertical walls extend between the upper and lower sides of the handles, such as upper and lower sides 13 and 14 of handle 12. The vertical walls include a tool stop and tool keeper, such as stop and keeper 84 shown in FIG. 4. The tool stop and keeper 84 is not connected to the upper and lower sides 13 and 14, but rather extends from an end of vertical wall 83. Where the tool stop and keeper 84 adjoins to the remainder of the vertical wall 83, radiused corners are cut out in order to avoid stress spikes which would otherwise lead to a fatigue fracture over repeated uses of the tools. This is so because the tools, as they are opened, cause a slight deflection of the tool stop 84. In this way, the tool stop provides a frictional resistance to pivotal movement of the individual tools. Handle 11 includes a similar tool stop.",
92
+ "The vertical wall 83 also includes a plier opening 86 defined by a lower face strip 87 and an upper face strip 88. The lower face strip 87 includes a straight section 87a and a tapered section 87b. Likewise, the upper strip 88 includes a straight section 88a and a tapered section 88b. Together, the straight sections 87a and 88a define a straight portion of the opening 86, while the tapered portions 87b and 88b of the strips define a tapered portion of the opening 86. At the end of the tapered opening, a guide tab or plier jaw stop 89 is attached to the vertical wall 83 and limits the travel of the plier jaw into the opening 86 to prevent the plier jaw from contacting the tools inside the handle.",
93
+ "At the interface between the upper wall 14 and the vertical wall 83, the edge 91 therebetween is rounded, preferably with a radius of between about 5/64 and 7/64 of an inch, most preferably 3/32 of an inch. Likewise, the lower edge 92 has a similar radius, as do the corresponding edges on handle 11.",
94
+ "FIG. 4A shows a sectional view of plier handle 12 (with the individual tools removed for clarity). The channel-shaped handle 12 has an open side 56 and partly closed side comprising the vertical wall 83 (which includes the unshown opening for receiving the plier half). The individual tools open by moving in the direction of direction arrow 57, while the pliers open from the opposite side in the direction of direction arrow 58. Thus, the individual tools and the pliers open from opposite sides of the handle 12. Handle 11 is similarly constructed.",
95
+ "To operate the folding multi-tool to use the pliers, one starts with the folding multi-tool 10 in the configuration shown in FIG. 1 (a closed, compact configuration). The handles are then spread apart, with the pliers acting as a pivot point to achieve the slightly opened configuration of FIG. 5. The plier handles 11 and 12 are moved further in the direction of direction arrows 96 and 97 (away from one another) to obtain the moderately opened configuration of FIG. 6. The handles are moved further in the direction of direction arrows 96 and 97 to achieve the substantially opened, but not quite fully opened, configuration of FIG. 7. The handles are brought even more towards each other in the direction of direction arrows 96 and 97 to achieve the fully opened, extended configuration shown in FIG. 4.",
96
+ "This construction has numerous advantages. For example, the individual tools can be deployed without opening the entire multi-tool. Also, these individual tools can be easily and quickly deployed. Moreover, with the multi-tool in the opened, extended configuration shown in FIG. 4, the handles 11 and 12 are quite comfortable owing to the fact that the portions of the handles contacting the user's hands are at least partly closed (rather than the open side containing the individual tools), thereby providing a more even distribution of the gripping force over the user's hand. Also, the use of the rounded edges (e.g., 91, 92) makes for a more comfortable grip as well. This more comfortable grip allows greater gripping force to be applied comfortably to the handles, making the pliers more useful as a useful working tool. This construction also allows the multi-tool to be rather compact when using the pliers, while still providing excellent comfort. It also has the advantage that the pliers are rather strong and stable, enabling the pliers to do substantial work. Another advantage of this construction is that the construction of the multi-tool is an elegantly simple solution to the problem of providing comfortable hand grips for the pliers, making the multi-tool durable and easily constructed. Also, the eccentric tangs of the pliers engaging the plier stops eccentrically allow the multi-tool to be easily opened and help to stabilize the pliers once in the extended, open configuration.",
97
+ "Referring now to FIGS. 8, 9, and 10, a second preferred form of the invention is shown. Specifically, a second form of the folding multi-tool 110 is shown in FIG. 8 in an overall open configuration, with the pliers 70 in an open configuration. Pliers 70 are adjustably movable between a compact, first position for grasping small items and an expanded, second position for grasping larger items. FIGS. 8 and 9 depict the compact, smaller configuration for grasping small items.",
98
+ "As in the first embodiment, the folding multi-tool 110 includes first and second channel-shaped handles 11 and 12. The channel-shaped handles 11 and 12 include integral shoulders 18 and 20. Plier tangs 27 and 28 are secured in place by combination bolt/pivot pins 33 and 34. Like the first embodiment, the tools open from one side of the handles, while the pliers open from the other side of the handles.",
99
+ "The pliers 70 include a first plier half 71 and a second plier half 72. However, unlike the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1\u20137, pliers depicted-in FIGS. 8\u20139 are adjustable pliers as mentioned above. The adjustable pliers 70 have an upper platen 98 and a lower platen 99. The upper platen 98 defines a figure eight shaped opening 100. A pivot pin 101 is secured to the lower platen 98 and extends up through the figure eight shaped opening 100. The pivot pin includes a head (unshown) which is slightly larger than the diameter of either substantially circular part of the opening 100. In this way, the head is prevented from pulling through the figure eight shaped opening 100. Alternatively, the end of the pin can be threaded to receive a threaded nut, dispensing with the head of the pivot pin. The pin includes parallel flats ground therein and is non-rotationally mounted in the lower platen 99. The parallel flats can be seen most easily in FIG. 9.",
100
+ "In the compact configuration shown in FIG. 8 and in FIG. 9, the pivot pin acts as a pivot axle or fulcrum to allow pressure to be exerted by the handles on the jaws of the pliers 70, thereby allowing the pliers to effectively grip small items. The handles 11 and 12 can be manipulated toward and away from each other to open and close plier jaws, as depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9. Moreover, to increase the capacity of the plier jaws for grasping larger items, the pliers 70 can be opened to the open configuration depicted in FIG. 8 and plier half 71 can be slid laterally relative to plier half 72 to move the pivot pin 101 into the other half of the figure eight shaped opening 100. In this way, the pliers can be reconfigured for grasping larger items. In this extended or expanded configuration, the pliers nevertheless can be manipulated in the same way as that depicted in FIG. 8 and in FIG. 9 by operation of the handles to open and close pliers jaws 71 and 72.",
101
+ "While the invention has been disclosed in preferred forms, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications, additions, and deletions may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims."
102
+ ],
103
+ "citations": [
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+ "337858",
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+ "6481034",
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+ "6694558",
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+ "2002/0184714",
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+ "G9103496.5",
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+ "WO 98/18599"
162
+ ],
163
+ "us_classification": "7129",
164
+ "international_classifications": [
165
+ {
166
+ "classification_level": "A",
167
+ "section": "B",
168
+ "classification_class": "25",
169
+ "subclass": "B",
170
+ "main_group": "7",
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+ "subgroup": "22"
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ }
json_patents/06983506.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Universal, interchangeable tool attachment system",
3
+ "abstract": "A universal, interchangeable attachment system, comprising various tool operator heads, removable/interchangeable handles, removable/replaceable tools and tool bits, hex drive, and clamp for securing tools. An electronic subsystem provides an alternating current detector, an indicator, such as an LED or light bulb, and continuity circuit indicator. A reversible double helical drive enables a user to drive a screw or bolt.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Brown"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983506",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [],
10
+ "claims": [
11
+ {
12
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
13
+ "preamble": "1. An interchangeable tool attachment system comprising:",
14
+ "components": [
15
+ {
16
+ "component": "at least one easily attachable and detachable handle comprising:",
17
+ "subcomponents": [
18
+ "a first end and a second end, at least one of said ends defining an opening for optionally attaching said at least one attachable handle to another said at least one attachable handle, said handle opening comprising a continuous periphery;",
19
+ "a first planar surface;",
20
+ "a second planar surface; and",
21
+ "a third planar surface connected between said first and said second planar surfaces, said first, second and third planar surfaces forming a U-shaped configuration defining a cavity within said first, second and third planar surfaces, said first and second planar surfaces defining said opening in said at least one attachable handle;"
22
+ ]
23
+ },
24
+ {
25
+ "component": "a first end and a second end, at least one of said ends defining an opening for optionally attaching said at least one attachable handle to another said at least one attachable handle, said handle opening comprising a continuous periphery;",
26
+ "subcomponents": []
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "component": "a first planar surface;",
30
+ "subcomponents": []
31
+ },
32
+ {
33
+ "component": "a second planar surface; and",
34
+ "subcomponents": []
35
+ },
36
+ {
37
+ "component": "a third planar surface connected between said first and said second planar surfaces, said first, second and third planar surfaces forming a U-shaped configuration defining a cavity within said first, second and third planar surfaces, said first and second planar surfaces defining said opening in said at least one attachable handle;",
38
+ "subcomponents": []
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "component": "at least one removable pin insertable into said opening;",
42
+ "subcomponents": []
43
+ },
44
+ {
45
+ "component": "a tool attachable and detachable to said at least one attachable handle, said tool defining at least one opening for attaching said tool to said at least one attachable handle with said at least one removable pin, said tool opening comprising a continuous periphery; and",
46
+ "subcomponents": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "component": "a tool cartridge embeddable within said cavity defined by said at least one attachable handle; and",
50
+ "subcomponents": []
51
+ },
52
+ {
53
+ "component": "said tool cartridge comprising:",
54
+ "subcomponents": [
55
+ "a reversible drive; and",
56
+ "a turning mechanism for turning said reversible drive."
57
+ ]
58
+ },
59
+ {
60
+ "component": "a reversible drive; and",
61
+ "subcomponents": []
62
+ },
63
+ {
64
+ "component": "a turning mechanism for turning said reversible drive.",
65
+ "subcomponents": []
66
+ }
67
+ ]
68
+ },
69
+ {
70
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
71
+ "preamble": "2. The system of claim 1 wherein said at least one removable pin comprises:",
72
+ "components": [
73
+ {
74
+ "component": "a head at an end of said at least one removable pin;",
75
+ "subcomponents": []
76
+ },
77
+ {
78
+ "component": "a textured body adjoining said head to provide a frictional fit;",
79
+ "subcomponents": []
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "component": "a detent adjoining said body; and",
83
+ "subcomponents": []
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "component": "a locking head adjoining said detent.",
87
+ "subcomponents": []
88
+ }
89
+ ]
90
+ },
91
+ {
92
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
93
+ "preamble": "3. The system of claim 1 wherein said tool comprises at least one tool selected from the group consisting of pliers, scissors, wire cutters, tweezers, dental tools, saw blades, rotary brushes, burr tools, deburring tools, pen refills, drill bits, mirrors, utility blades, snap blades, Xacto blades, rifflers, counter sink drill bits, drill chucks, magnetic drill bit holders, hex bits, spade bits, hex drive nut setters, crows foot wrenches, machine sockets, socket adapters, and machine taps.",
94
+ "components": []
95
+ },
96
+ {
97
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
98
+ "preamble": "4. The system of claim 1 wherein said tool comprises pliers.",
99
+ "components": []
100
+ },
101
+ {
102
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
103
+ "preamble": "5. The system of claim 4 , said at least one attachable handle of said pliers comprising a first handle and a second handle and wherein said pliers comprise:",
104
+ "components": [
105
+ {
106
+ "component": "a first jaw comprising a jaw portion and an extension portion, said extension portion defining said opening for attaching said first jaw to said first handle; and",
107
+ "subcomponents": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "component": "a second jaw comprising a jaw portion and an extension portion, said extension portion defining said opening for attaching said second jaw to said second handle.",
111
+ "subcomponents": []
112
+ }
113
+ ]
114
+ },
115
+ {
116
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
117
+ "preamble": "6. The system of claim 5 wherein at least one of said first and second jaws is detachable from said extension portion, said at least one of said first and second jaw comprising a detachably mating component, and said extension portion comprising a detachably mating component that is matable with said jaw detachably mating component.",
118
+ "components": []
119
+ },
120
+ {
121
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
122
+ "preamble": "7. The system of claim 1 wherein said cartridge comprises a first end and a second end, at least one of said ends defining an opening, said opening in said cartridge of a dimension approximately equal to the dimension of said opening defined in an end of said at least one attachable handle, said at least one removable pin insertable through both of said opening defined in said at least one handle and said opening defined in said cartridge.",
123
+ "components": []
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
127
+ "preamble": "8. The system of claim 1 further comprising an electronic subsystem comprising:",
128
+ "components": [
129
+ {
130
+ "component": "a power source;",
131
+ "subcomponents": []
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "component": "at least one indicator to alert the sensing of external conditions selected from the group consisting of visual indicators, audio indicators and vibrational indicators;",
135
+ "subcomponents": []
136
+ },
137
+ {
138
+ "component": "an electrical switch for providing power from said power source to said indicator.",
139
+ "subcomponents": []
140
+ }
141
+ ]
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
145
+ "preamble": "9. The system of claim 8 wherein said electronic subsystem further comprises continuity probes for connecting to an electrical circuit, said continuity probes completing a circuit for the provision of power to said indicator upon contacting a closed electrical circuit.",
146
+ "components": []
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
150
+ "preamble": "10. The system of claim 8 further comprising an AC detector circuit, said detector circuit completing a circuit for the provision of power to said indicator upon sensing alternating electrical current.",
151
+ "components": []
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
155
+ "preamble": "11. The system of claim 1 wherein said reversible drive comprises a double drive.",
156
+ "components": []
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
160
+ "preamble": "12. The system of claim 1 wherein said at least one attachable handle comprises two attachable handles and further comprising a removable connection comprising a planar surface defining an opening for connecting one said attachable handle to the other said attachable handle.",
161
+ "components": []
162
+ },
163
+ {
164
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
165
+ "preamble": "13. The system of claim 1 further comprising a removable connector and carrier comprising a hanger clip comprising a U-shaped configuration, a portion of said configuration defining an opening through which a portion of said at least one removable pin is insertable.",
166
+ "components": []
167
+ },
168
+ {
169
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
170
+ "preamble": "14. The system of claim 1 further comprising a removable connector comprising a planar surface defining an opening, said opening comprising a first, elongated portion having one dimension less than the diameter of a portion of said at least one removable pin, and a second portion having a dimension greater than the diameter of a portion of said at least one removable pin.",
171
+ "components": []
172
+ },
173
+ {
174
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
175
+ "preamble": "15. The system of claim 1 further comprising a removable connector comprising a planar surface defining at least one opening, said opening having a first dimension approximately equal to a diameter of a portion of said at least one removable pin and a second dimension smaller than a diameter of a portion of said at least one removable pin.",
176
+ "components": []
177
+ },
178
+ {
179
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
180
+ "preamble": "16. The system of claim 1 further comprising a removable connector comprising a planar surface defining at least one opening, wherein a dimension of said opening is less than a dimension of a portion of said at least one removable pin.",
181
+ "components": []
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
185
+ "preamble": "17. The system of claim 1 further comprising a removable connector comprising a planar surface defining at least one opening for receiving said at least one removable pin and a cam surface.",
186
+ "components": []
187
+ },
188
+ {
189
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
190
+ "preamble": "18. The system of claim 1 further comprising a telescoping extension removably disposed at an end of said at least one attachable handle opposite an end to which said tool attaches to provide greater reach and leverage during use of said tool.",
191
+ "components": []
192
+ },
193
+ {
194
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
195
+ "preamble": "19. The system of claim 18 wherein said extension comprises at least one detent disposed horizontally along a length of said extension to adjust said length.",
196
+ "components": []
197
+ }
198
+ ],
199
+ "description": [
200
+ "This application claims the benefit of the filing of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/332,259, entitled \u201cMulti-Purpose Hand Tool Specifications\u201d, filed on Nov. 20, 2001, and the specification thereof is incorporated herein by reference.",
201
+ "1. Field of the Invention (Technical Field)",
202
+ "The present invention relates generally to hand tools, particularly to a universal, interchangeable tool attachment system for configuring a hand tool.",
203
+ "2. Background Art",
204
+ "Multi-tools are typically pliers-based hand tools, which have additional tools stored in one or both handles of the pliers. Examples of the tools found in multi-tool handles include, knife blades, screwdrivers, files, and saw blades. These tools fold into the multi-tool's handles, much like a folding pocketknife stores various blades. Some multi-tools also include stamped rulers on one or both handles.",
205
+ "Prior art multi-tools contain a limited, manufacturer pre-selected set of tool options in the multi-tool handles. This presents two problems: damaged parts permanently compromise the tool's use, and the limited tool selection may not meet the user's specific needs.",
206
+ "Examples of prior art multi-tools are found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,047,426 to McIntosh, et al., entitled \u201cFolding Multi-Tool With Adjustable Pliers; U.S. Pat. No. 6,023,805 to Lin, entitled \u201cTool Combination Having Easily Changeable Tool Members\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 5,735,005 to Wang, entitled \u201cMultifunctional Tool Assembly\u201d; U.S. 1,561,993 to Nielsen, entitled \u201cCombination Tool\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 2,168,405 to Haas, entitled \u201cTool\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 3,370,307 to Beeks, entitled \u201cCombination Tool Device\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 3,798,687 to Stevens, entitled \u201cMultiple Hand Tool\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 3,858,258 to Stevens, entitled \u201cMultiple Hand Tool\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 4,122,569 to Hitchcock, entitled \u201cIntegrated Universal Tool\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 4,238,862 to Leatherman, entitled \u201cPocket Multiple Tool\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 4,888,869 to Leatherman, entitled \u201cLock-Bar Foldable Tool\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 4,942,637 to Yeang-Yai, entitled \u201cDouble-Purpose Hand Tool\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 5,029,355 to Thai, entitled \u201cFolding Utility Tool\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 5,142,721 to Sessions, et al., entitled \u201cPocket Tool With Retractable Jaws\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 5,212,844 to Sessions, et al., entitled \u201cPocket Tool With Retractable Jaws\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 5,267,366 to Frazier, entitled \u201cCombination Hand Tool With Retractable Pliers Jaws\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 5,432,968 to Beck, entitled \u201cUtility Hand Tool\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 5,826,338; U.S. Pat. No. 5,920,935 to Beck, entitled \u201cCombination Hand Tool\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 6,006,385 to Keshaw, et al., entitled \u201cMulti-Tool\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 6,101,654 to Cachot, entitled \u201cMultifunctional Pocket Tool Including Pliers\u201d; U.S. Pat. No. 5,916,277, to Dallas, entitled, \u201cMulti-Function Tool With Removable Head\u201d; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,430,768 to McIntosh, et al., entitled \u201cFolding Multi-Tool With Adjustable Pliers\u201d.",
207
+ "These patented devices are unsatisfactory in multiple regards, primarily due to the inability to modify the tool selection available and to remove or replace a particular tool when necessary. These devices remain an integral unit that cannot be re-configured by removing, replacing, or adding components. The vast majority of multi-tools have a pliers-based head permanently attached to the handles, or body of the multi-tool.",
208
+ "The present invention, in contrast, provides the ability to modify the tool selection contained within the handles. The present invention also provides the user the capability of easily replacing damaged or unneeded tools with other tools, with available \u201coff-the-shelf\u201d components, or proprietary components.",
209
+ "The present invention comprises a universal, interchangeable attachment system, with various pliers-like operator heads, removable/interchangeable handles, and removable/replaceable tools and tool bits. The flange ends of the components are perforated with an opening. By this means, components can be fastened together through the use of removable pins into a variety of configurations. These pins, which can be removed without the use of tools, allow nearly infinite reconfiguration and expansion of the basic system.",
210
+ "The invention is configurable and re-configurable to provide a variety of tools to the user. The invention includes a non-incremental ratchet tool operating via a double helical drive, electronic measuring device, removable tool cartridges, attachable tools, attachable operator heads, and tool bits. A hex drive and a clamp provide the ability to hold a variety of tools as needed by the user.",
211
+ "The present invention is an interchangeable tool attachment system comprising at least one attachable handle, a variety of tool cartridges adapted for placement within the handles, a variety of attachable tool operator heads, connection means for attaching system components, and readily removable pins for attaching system components. The present invention is further a method of attaching components of the tool system.",
212
+ "The present invention is still further a helical drive mechanism for driving rotational tools. The present invention is also an electronic subsystem for use in connection with the tool system. The invention includes a tool cartridge system adapted for placement within a tool handle. The invention is also an interchangeable tool operator head whereby different blades or jaws can be interchanged upon a base portion of the operator head.",
213
+ "A primary object of the present invention is to provide a multi-tool that is readily configurable and re-configurable to adapt to a variety of applications by way of removable and replaceable components.",
214
+ "A primary advantage of the present invention is the ability to individualize tool selection. Another primary advantage of the present invention is the removable cartridge system for containment of a variety of \u201coff-the shelf\u201d tools and proprietary tools. Yet another primary advantage of the present invention is the ability to drive a rotational tool with a helical drive. Still another primary advantage of the present invention is the ability to perform simple electrical measurements with an electronic subsystem cartridge. The extreme adaptability of the present invention enables the user to customize the tool system to individual needs or easily replace damaged or dulled parts.",
215
+ "The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form a part of the specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating one or more preferred embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:",
216
+ "FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the universal, interchangeable attachment system of the present invention in a closed position with attachable operator head and tool cartridges;",
217
+ "FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a handle of the universal, interchangeable attachment system of FIG. 1 in an open position with attachable tool cartridge;",
218
+ "FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of the universal, interchangeable attachment system demonstrating the separation of an attachable tool by means of removable attachment pins;",
219
+ "FIG. 4 is a front view of the universal, interchangeable tool attachment system utilizing two handles and an attachable tool, demonstrating the handles folding around and enclosing the attachable tool;",
220
+ "FIG. 5 is a front view of the universal, interchangeable tool attachment system demonstrating the use of connection means for connecting system components;",
221
+ "FIG. 6a is a front perspective view of a hanger clip connection means used for fastening the present invention to another object;",
222
+ "FIG. 6b is a front view of a first embodiment of the connection means used in accordance with the present invention;",
223
+ "FIG. 6c is a front view of a second embodiment of the connection means used in accordance with the present invention;",
224
+ "FIG. 6d is a front view of a third embodiment of the connection means used in accordance with the present invention;",
225
+ "FIG. 6e is a front view of a fourth embodiment of the connection means used in accordance with the present invention;",
226
+ "FIG. 6f is a front view of a fifth embodiment of the connection means used in accordance with the present invention;",
227
+ "FIG. 6g is a front view of a sixth embodiment of the connection means used in accordance with the present invention;",
228
+ "FIG. 7 is a side view of a tool of the present invention incorporating an integral cam-type locking and unlocking mechanism;",
229
+ "FIG. 8 is a perspective exploded view of an attachable tool and associated pivot pin and pivot clip to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
230
+ "FIG. 9 is a front view of an attachable tool with detachable jaws to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
231
+ "FIG. 10 is a cutaway view of an electronic subsystem used in accordance with the present invention;",
232
+ "FIG. 11 is a perspective view of clamp means for securing a variety of attachable tools in accordance with the present invention;",
233
+ "FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a hex drive for attaching tools in accordance with the present invention;",
234
+ "FIG. 13a is a drill chuck tool to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
235
+ "FIG. 13b is a magnetic bit holder to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
236
+ "FIG. 13c is a series of drill bits to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
237
+ "FIG. 13d is a space bit to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
238
+ "FIG. 13e is a hex drive nut setter to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
239
+ "FIG. 13f is the hex drive of FIG. 12;",
240
+ "FIG. 13g is a crows foot wrench to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
241
+ "FIG. 13h is a machine tool socket to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
242
+ "FIG. 13i is a socket adapter to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
243
+ "FIG. 13j is the hex drive of FIG. 12;",
244
+ "FIG. 14 is a perspective side view of a reversible double helical drive used in accordance with the present invention;",
245
+ "FIG. 15a is an exploded view of the reversible double helical drive of FIG. 14 and associated attachable tool components;",
246
+ "FIG. 15b is a perspective view of a handle containing the reversible double helical drive of FIG. 14;",
247
+ "FIG. 16 is a perspective exploded view of exterior panels used in accordance with the present invention;",
248
+ "FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the removable pin used to connect various system components in accordance with the present invention;",
249
+ "FIG. 18a is a pair of tweezers to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
250
+ "FIG. 18b is a dental tool to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
251
+ "FIG. 18c is a first saw blade to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
252
+ "FIG. 18d is a second saw blade to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
253
+ "FIG. 18e is a pair of rotary brushes to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
254
+ "FIG. 18f is a pair of burr tools to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
255
+ "FIG. 18g is a pen refill to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
256
+ "FIG. 18h is a drill bit to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
257
+ "FIG. 18i is a mirror to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
258
+ "FIG. 18j is a pair of deburring tools to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
259
+ "FIG. 18k is a utility blade to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
260
+ "FIG. 18l is a snap blade to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
261
+ "FIG. 18m is a pair of Xacto\u00ae blades to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
262
+ "FIG. 18n is a riffler to be used in accordance with the present invention;",
263
+ "FIG. 18o is a counter sink drill bit to be used in accordance with the present invention; and",
264
+ "FIG. 18p is a machine tap to be used in accordance with the present invention.",
265
+ "The present invention comprises a universal, interchangeable attachment system. The system includes various removable/replaceable operator heads, such as pliers, scissors, or wire cutters, a ratchet capability by way of a reversible, double helical drive, a multi-function electronic subsystem, interchangeable handles, removable tool cartridges, a clip attachment device, removable tool components, and tool bit holders, including a dual retention hex drive and a clamp.",
266
+ "The present invention is a universal, interchangeable tool attachment system that is configurable for supplying a variety of hand tools. FIGS. 1 through 5 depict the system employing different attachable operating heads and tool cartridges for purposes of demonstrating the flexible and configurable nature of the invention.",
267
+ "Referring to FIG. 1, a front perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the universal, interchangeable attachment system 10 of the present invention is shown. System 10 is shown in a closed position with attachable tool operator head, or pliers 12. The opposing jaws of pliers 12 pivot about pin 14 between an open and a closed position for grasping an object. A first handle 16 is shown with a first extension 36 of pliers 12 attached at a distal end. A second handle 16\u2032 is adjacent first handle 16. A second extension 38 from pliers 12 is connected to a distal end of second handle 16\u2032. Removable attachment pins 18, 18\u2032 secure the attachment of attachable operator head, such as pliers 12, to handles 16 and 16\u2032. Although pliers 12 are shown in FIG. 1 as the attachable operator head, a variety of attachable operator heads are attachable in accordance with the present invention as will understood by those of skill in the art.",
268
+ "Among the attachable tool operator heads that are attachable to system 10 are scissors, wire cutters, and pliers. Among the tools attachable to system 10 by attachable clamp (see FIG. 11) or hex drive (FIGS. 12\u201313) are tweezers, dental tools, saw blades, rotary brushes, burrs, pen refills, drill bits, mirrors, deburring tools, utility blades, snap blades, Xacto\u00ae blades, rifflers, counter sink drill bits, machine taps, drill chucks, magnetic drill bit holders, hex bits, spade bits, hex drive nut setters, crows foot wrench, machine sockets and socket adapters. Many of these tools are depicted in FIGS. 18a through 18p.",
269
+ "Handle 16 is of an elongated U-shaped configuration having a first planar surface 20, a second planar surface 22, and a third planar surface (not seen) connecting the first surface 20 to the second surface 22, thereby forming a cavity within for the storage of tools and other devices, that are readily removable from the cavity due to its U-shaped configuration. In FIG. 1, a tool cartridge 28 of sufficiently small dimensions is shown contained within the cavity of handle 16 which is described below with reference to FIG. 2. The third planar surface of handle 16 abuts second handle 16\u2032. Handle 16\u2032 is of the same U-shaped configuration as handle 16. Handle 16\u2032 is shown with an extendable, telescoping cartridge 24, which is contained within the cavity defined by handle 16\u2032 when not in use, and which extends from within the cavity defined by handle 16\u2032 when in use. Cartridge 24 comprises detents 26 so that the user can deploy the cartridge 24 to varying lengths as indicated by detents 26. This elongation capability provides the user with better leverage and power when utilized. The cavity at the distal end of handle 16\u2032 can be configured to contain any number of tools to be used with system 10.",
270
+ "Attention is now turned to FIG. 2 which shows a perspective view of handle 16 with tool cartridge 28 partially deployed from the cavity defined by handle 16. The external dimensions of cartridge 28 are such that it can be embedded within handle 16. Each handle of system 10 defines an insertion opening 40 at the distal end and an insertion opening 40\u2032 at the near end for receiving mating removable pins 18, 18\u2032 (see also FIG. 17). Cartridge 28 is fixedly held within the cavity of handle 16 by a frictional fit whereby cartridge 28 \u201csnaps\u201d into place and is held within the cavity when positioned within the cavity. First end 30 of cartridge 28 abuts the textured body 32 of pin 18, and second end (not seen) of cartridge 28 abuts the body 32\u2032 of pin 18\u2032 when cartridge 28 is positioned within the cavity of handle 16 for a frictional fit. Tool cartridge 28 is configured for containment of a variety of tools, as will be described further below.",
271
+ "Cartridge 28 has many benefits to the user, including the ability to operate two of the system's devices at one time. For example, the user has the ability to grasp and stabilize a bolt with the pliers operating head while driving the corresponding nut with a screwdriver from a deployed cartridge.",
272
+ "Referring to FIG. 3, a perspective view of a configuration of the universal, interchangeable tool attachment system 10 is shown. Attachable tool operator head, or needle-nose pliers 13, are shown detached from handles 16 and 16\u2032. In order to secure pliers 13, or other operating head such as pliers 12, to handles 16, 16\u2032, removable attachment pins 18, 18\u2032 are first removed from mating insertion openings 40, 40\u2032 of the distal ends of handles 16, 16\u2032. Pliers 13 are then positioned such that cylindrical openings 42 and 42\u2032, defined within extensions 36 and 38, of pliers 13 align with openings 40 and 40\u2032 of handles 16 and 16\u2032. Once openings 42 and 42\u2032 are aligned with insertion openings 40 and 40\u2032, removable attachment pins 18 and 18\u2032 are inserted through mating insertion openings 40 and 40\u2032 and through cylindrical openings 42 and 42\u2032 of pliers 12 to secure pliers 12 to handles 16, 16\u2032. Removable pin 18 is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 17.",
273
+ "It will understood by those of skill in the art that extensions 36 and 38 and associated cylindrical openings 42 and 42\u2032 of pliers 12 can alternatively be formed such that extensions 36 and 38 fit around the exterior of handles 16 and 16\u2032 rather than within the first and second planar surfaces of handles 16 and 16\u2032. With continuing reference to FIG. 3, handle 16\u2032 is shown with one or more representative hand tools, for example screw driver heads, files, knives, etc., partially deployed from handle 16\u2032 in the area generally referred to at 46. Tools 46 are pivotably and removably attached to handle 16\u2032 by way of removable pin 18\u2032\u2033 insertable through mating insertion opening 40\u2032\u2033. Once affixed to the near end of handle 16\u2032 by insertion of pin 18\u2032\u2033, tools 46 remain enclosed within handle 16\u2032, and are deployable from handle 16\u2032 for use as depicted in FIG. 3. Because attachable tools 46 are removably attached by pin 18\u2032\u2033, they are readily removed and replace as needed.",
274
+ "In an alternative embodiment (not shown in FIG. 3), a \u201csnap-in\u201d cartridge as described above with reference to FIG. 2 can be used for containment of tools 46. Once removed from handle 16\u2032, tools 46 are deployed from the snap-in cartridge as needed. While not shown in FIG. 3, but as will be understood by those of skill in the art, handle 16\u2032 can alternatively be affixed to pliers 13 180\u00b0 in the opposite direction such that tools 46 are deployable in a direction toward the exterior of system 10, rather than being deployable toward handle 16, as shown in FIG. 3.",
275
+ "Referring to FIG. 4, a front view of system 10 is shown with handles 16 and 16\u2032. Because handles 16, 16\u2032 are pivotable about pins 18 and 18\u2032, handles 16, 16\u2032 are rotatable upward 180\u00b0 in order to enclose attachable tool operator head 13 within the cavities defined by handles 16, 16\u2032. Handles 16, 16\u2032 are thereby pivotable between a first position whereby pliers 13, or other operational tool head, are revealed for use, and a second position whereby handles 16, 16\u2032 enclose pliers 13 within the cavities defined by handles 16, 16\u2032. Of course, handles 16, 16\u2032 are attached to pliers 13 such that the openings to the cavities defined by handles pliers 13 face each other allowing for the enclosure of pliers 13 when handles pliers 13 are pivoted upward toward one another.",
276
+ "Due to the pivotable, removably attachable nature of handle 16 of the present invention, any number of handles of suitable dimensions can be combined in accordance with the present invention by way of pins 18, and respective mating insertion openings 40. (See FIG. 3) FIGS. 1 and 3 depict system 10 with two handles, 16 and 16\u2032.",
277
+ "Attention is now turned to FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 is a front view of a configuration of system 10. FIG. 5 shows system 10 utilizing three handles 16, 16\u2032 and 16\u2033 where an end of one handle is connected to an end of another handle by a connection means, such as a link or clip, affixed to the associated removable pins 18 for each handle. A variety of connection means are used to connect one handle to the next, or to connect any of a variety of the components of system 10. Various embodiments of the connection means are shown in FIGS. 6a through 6g. In FIG. 5 the distal end of handle 16 is pivotally connected to an end of handle 16\u2033 by standard link 54 (see FIG. 6d). Handle 16 is attached at the near end to the near end of handle 16\u2032 by snap clip 56 (see FIG. 6c).",
278
+ "Referring now to FIGS. 6a through 6g, a variety of connection means for connecting handles 16, as well as other system components, are shown.",
279
+ "A further benefit of the present invention is the incorporation of an attachment device, or hanger clip, as shown in FIG. 6a. The majority of current multi-tools are carried in a sheath, which is either threaded through the user's belt or attached with a clip. Each of the present invention's removable tool cartridges preferably incorporates a clip, which the user can use to directly attach the cartridge and/or tool to almost any article of clothing and many objects at the work site, including but not limited to a belt, pocket, or pouch, etc. This enables quick access to the tool and its component cartridges without removal from a sheath, or unthreading a sheath from a belt.",
280
+ "FIG. 6a shows hanger clip 58 with a sliding lock-type fastener. Hanger clip 58 is of a sufficiently rigid U-shaped configuration attachable to an end of a handle, tool, cartridge, or other system component, by placing opening 60 over head 71 of pin 18 (see FIG. 17) until body 32 is within opening 60, and sliding hanger clip 58 in a longitudinal direction such that body 32 of pin 18 passes through elongated opening 62. Once the head 71 of pin 18 is secured in elongated opening 62, hanger clip 58 is secured to the system component. It will be understood that the orientation of openings 60 and 62 can be reversed (rotated 180\u00b0), or arranged at 90\u00b0 to that shown in FIG. 6a, in accordance with the invention. Once hanger clip 58 is secured to the system component, system 10 can be hooked to a belt, pocket, railing, or other object. This configuration further allows the user to rotate system 10 about hanger clip 58 as needed for hanging system 10.",
281
+ "FIG. 6b shows standard clip 55 that is attachable to a component of system 10, in the same manner as the hanger clip of FIG. 6a. Once attached, clip 55 can in turn be used to connect a variety of devices or objects to system 10, such as a set of keys.",
282
+ "FIG. 6c shows snap clip 56 used to connect system components. The openings 57 defined at each end of snap clip 56 fit over body 32 of pin 18. Force is then applied to \u201csnap\u201d clip 56 into place over body 32 of pin 18 thereby securing pin 18 in snap clip 56 by a detachable frictional fit. Snap clip 56 is used for rapid attachment and detachment of system components.",
283
+ "FIG. 6d shows standard link 54. Link 54 is used for a more permanent connection of system components. An opening defined at an end of link 54 is aligned with an opening of a system component, such as opening 40 of handle 16 (see FIG. 3). Pin 18 is then placed through opening 40 of handle 16 and through the opening of link 54. The opposite end of link 54 is then connected to another system component in similar fashion in order to join the second system component to the first.",
284
+ "FIG. 6e shows single snap link 64. Single snap link 64 provides a standard, more permanent, connection at one end to a system component, and a readily attachable/detachable snap connection at the opposite end. FIG. 6f shows an alternative single snap link 66 that is used as an integral cam locking/unlocking mechanism, and is discussed below with reference to FIG. 7.",
285
+ "FIG. 6g shows elongated clip 68. Elongated clip 68 provides a sliding lock-type fastener at one end and a snap connection at the other. Clip 68 is useful for securing two handles in a closed position. A handle is pivotable about pin 18 and the sliding lock-type fastener at one end of clip 68, and the snap connection at the other end of clip 68 is then snapped over pin 18 of an adjacent second handle. (See FIG. 1.)",
286
+ "It will be understood by those of skill in the art that an endless variety of configurations of the types of connection means shown in FIGS. 6a through 6g can be used in accordance with the principles of the present invention.",
287
+ "Referring to FIG. 7, a side view of handle 16 with snap link 66 (FIG. 6f) connected to an end of handle 16 with pin 18 is shown. When opening 67 of snap link 66 is threaded by pin 18 of a handle 16, snap link 66 is rotatable perpendicular to handle 16 and can be snapped onto a pin of an adjacent handle thereby holding the handles together in a closed position, much in the same manner as described above with reference to FIG. 6g. If snap link 66 is not snapped to an adjacent handle's pin, link 66 can be rotated and housed within the cavity defined by handle 16. In this position, the cam side 65 of link 66 abuts against the interior of the third planar surface of handle 16.",
288
+ "With continuing reference to FIG. 7, blade 162 is also secured to handle 16 and link 66 with pin 18. In this embodiment of handle 16, flexible arm 161 is integral to the third planar surface of handle 16 which is normally in a static position approximately parallel to the elongated portion of handle 16. When force is applied at tab 59 of link 66, cam 65 is pressed against flexible arm 161 thereby moving arm 161 rotatably upward, counterclockwise in FIG. 7, away from handle 16. When arm 161 is rotated upward, as indicated by the broken lines of FIG. 7, blade 162 is released from a locked position. When arm 161 is in the normally static position, blade 162 is held in a locked position whereby a hook at the end of arm 161 fits into a mating detent in blade 162. By raising arm 161, the deployed tool, or blade 162, may be folded into the tool cartridge or handle 16 for storage, or deployed and locked into position for use. Cam 65 can alternatively comprise a plurality of locking positions. A plurality of varying dimensions of cam 65 would provide a plurality of locking positions, i.e. for different angles of locked tool deployment.",
289
+ "Returning to a discussion of the tool operator head, the present invention has two improvements embodied in the tool operator head, or pliers 12, 13. The first is the ability to remove and/or replace the operator head with various pliers-like tools gives the system remarkable adaptability. The second improvement is the ability to adapt operator head jaws to the work at hand.",
290
+ "Referring to FIG. 8, an exploded view of a tool operator head, or pliers 12, to be used in accordance with the present invention is shown. (See also FIG. 1.) Each jaw of pliers 12 is attachable to system 10 in the manner described above with reference to FIG. 3. Plier pivot pin 14 is insertable through mating openings 74 and 76 of the jaws of pliers 12. Pivot clip 78 is then attached to the end of pin 14 that is opposite the head of pin 14 to secure the jaws of pliers 12. Pliers 12 then pivot about pin 14. By removing pivot clip 78 from pin 14, pliers 12 are easily disassembled by the user for cleaning, repairs, and replacement, as well as for recombination of a variety of operator head types. The ability to reconfigure operator heads depending on the user's needs demonstrates the system's unique adaptability. While plier jaws are shown in FIG. 8, it will be understood that a variety of grasping tools can be configured in this manner.",
291
+ "Another example of a tool operator head that can be used in accordance with the present invention is depicted in FIG. 9. FIG. 9 is an exploded view of operator head 80 with removable blades, or jaws, 82 and 84. Removable blades 82 and 84 are attachable to the base of operator head 80 by mating male components and female receivers. Removable blade 82 is shown in FIG. 9 as a female blade and is attachable to the base of operator head 80 by insertion of male component 86 into female receiver 88. Removable blade 84 is attachable to the base of operator head 80 by insertion of male component 90 into female receiver 92 on the base of operator head 80. Blades 82 and 84 remain secured to the base of operator head 80 once attached by way of raised portion 85 enabling a frictional fit between mating male and female components. In this manner, a variety of types of blades, jaws, or other mechanisms can be removed and replaced as needed for the tool application at hand. Alternatively, both removable blades 82 and 84 are matably attachable to the base of operator head 80 by way of male components in the base of the operator head and female receivers in each blade, or by way of female receivers in the base of operator head and mating male components in each blade.",
292
+ "Another attachable tool that can be used in accordance with system 10 is an electrical measuring tool. Referring to FIG. 10, a cutaway view of electronic subsystem 100 used in accordance with the present invention is shown. Electronic subsystem 100 contains indicator 102, such as an LED, incandescent bulb, or other suitable visual indicator, an audio indicator, a vibrator, etc., that is operational upon activation of switch 104. Indicator 102 also lights when continuity probes 106, 106\u2032 are connected across a complete electrical circuit, or when AC detector 108 senses alternating current prior to contact of the tool with an active electrical contact. Indicator 102 preferably emits light through a corresponding opening in a handle of system 10 for viewing by a user. Internal power supply 110 provides electrical power for indicator 102 and AC detector circuit 108. Wires are attachable to continuity probes 106, 106\u2032 for testing an electrical circuit. System 10, or any component of system 10 having suitable conduction capabilities, operates as the antenna for AC detector circuit 108; therefore, a user is automatically alerted to AC current when system 10 is in proximity to AC current. Electronic subsystem 100 preferably resides in a cartridge that is contained within a handle 16 of system 10, such as the cartridge shown in FIG. 2. Placement of electronic subsystem 100 in a removable cartridge enables indicator 102 to be directed as a flashlight onto the immediate work area.",
293
+ "In addition to tools, or tool cartridges, handle 16 can contain a tool securing mechanism. One such securing mechanism is clamp 120, a perspective view of which is shown in FIG. 11. Jaws 122 of clamp 120 clamp down on the flange end of a variety of \u201coff-the-shelf\u201d tool bits as well as specialized, proprietary tool bits. Lever arm 124 locks or releases tools or tool bits placed in clamp jaws 122, permitting easy insertion or removal while holding the tool securely when in use. Lever 124 is shown in the release position in FIG. 11, and is rotated downward toward the body of clamp 120 to tighten jaws 122 around the tool to be secured. The spring force of lever 124 presses the mating jaws of clamp 120 together. Lever 124 pivots in clamp 120 in a groove that is out of round. Because of the relatively flattened center groove, it acts as a reverse cam, or \u201cpopover switch\u201d. The spring tension of lever 124 provides compression between the handle of the tool and movable jaws 122 of the clamp and snaps into position in either the open or closed setting. The constant spring pressure in the fully closed spring position allows clamp 120 to accommodate differing tool dimensions, or thicknesses, and wear over time. Clamp 120 secures various bits and tools, including but not limited to saw blades, files, rifflers, drill bits, burrs, deburring tools, utility blades, snap blades, machine taps, etc. Clamp 120 is preferably frictionally nested within handle 16, preferably oriented such that lever 124 is accessible through the opening into the cavity defined by handle 16 and jaws 122 accessible through an end of handle 16.",
294
+ "Another tool securing mechanism used with system 10 is interchangeable hex drive 130 shown in FIG. 12. Hex drive 130 is attachable to handle 16 by inserting pin 18 through opening 132 defined by semi-circular bottom portion 134, as well as through mating insertion opening 40 of handle 16 in a similar manner as described with respect to FIG. 3 when attaching a jaw of pliers 13. Hex drive 130 can alternatively be secured to and driven by helical drive at 151 (see FIG. 15a).",
295
+ "Platform 136 provides support for hex drive socket housing 138. Hex drive socket housing 138 defines hex drive socket 140 for receiving tool 144. Alternatively, hex drive socket 140 receives a socket adapter 142 for securing a different tool than tool 144.",
296
+ "The hex drive accommodates standard socket tool bits, i.e., flat and Phillips screwdriver bits. The unique aspect of the hex drive is its dual retention capability. The hex drive socket housing 138 fits snuggly into the base of a standard tool socket. Socket 140 is compatible with standard hexagonal drives.",
297
+ "Turning to FIGS. 13a through 13j, a variety of tools and adapters are shown that are attachable via hex drive 130. FIGS. 13a through 13e show a variety of tools adapted for placement in hex drive socket 140, although system 10 is not limited to securing only those tools shown. FIG. 13a is a drill chuck; FIG. 13b is a magnetic bit holder; FIG. 13c is a variety of hex bits; FIG. 13d is a spade bit; and FIG. 13e is a hex drive nut setter. FIG. 13f is the hex drive 130 of FIG. 12.",
298
+ "FIGS. 13g through 13j show examples of socket adapters for placement over hex drive socket housing 138. FIG. 13g shows a crows foot wrench adapted for placement over hex drive socket housing 138; FIG. 13h shows a machine socket adapter; and FIG. 13i shows a bit socket adapter.",
299
+ "Referring to FIG. 14, a perspective side cutaway view of reversible double helical drive shaft 150 is shown. The broken lines indicate the positioning of drive shaft 150 within the drive shaft containment wall 154. Drive power is provided via coiled spring 153, 153\u2032 that is affixed at each far end to containment wall 154. Double helical drive 150 is a non-ratcheting, reversible socket drive that operates through the rotation of integrated control knob 152 that protrudes from the drive through the drive shaft's containment wall 154 and is connected internally to spring 153, 153\u2032. Manually turning control knob 152 clockwise tightens the coils of the spring, while turning control knob 152 counter-clockwise loosens the coils of the spring. Coiled spring 153, 153\u2032 frictionally engages drive shaft 150 after the coil is tightened and causes it to rotate upon uncoiling.",
300
+ "Pin 18 is used at one end of helical drive cartridge 156 to connect cartridge 156 to system 10. Although FIG. 14 demonstrates a standard hexagonal drive, the fundamental drive system is adaptable to a variety of outputs other than the standard hexagonal drive as will be understood by those of skill in the art.",
301
+ "FIG. 15a is an exploded view of double helical drive 150 with a plurality of attachable tool bits attachable at an end of double helical drive 150. FIG. 15b shows handle 16 with double helical drive 150 and containment wall 154 pivotably secured therein.",
302
+ "System 10 can optionally include exterior panels 160, 160\u2032 as shown in FIG. 16. FIG. 16 shows an exploded view of interchangeable attachment system 10. Panels 160, 160\u2032 are attachable to a handle 16 by removable pins 18. These removable panels are used as rulers, for providing drilled holes of particular sizes for wire sizing, graphic designs, and any of a variety of other measuring or visual applications.",
303
+ "Referring to FIG. 17, a perspective view of removable pin 18 used in accordance with the present invention for attachment and detachment of system components is shown. Pin 18 comprises head 71 at an end, textured body 32, detent 72, and locking head 70 opposite head 71. Pin 18 is readily removable and insertable by hand without the aid of additional tools. Pin 18 is pressed through mating insertion opening of a system component, such as opening 40 in handle 16 (see FIGS. 1 and 3). The textured surface of body 32 provides a frictional fit with the mating opening of the attachable tool upon inserting pin 18. Opening 42 (see FIG. 8) is preferably textured to provide additional frictional security with body 32 of pin 18. Locking head 70 protrudes through a mating insertion opening (not seen on FIGS. 1 and 3) defined by first planar surface 20 of handle 16, and detent 72 rests within mating insertion opening defined by first planar surface 20. The frictional fit of body 32 through opening 42 is such that a tool operator head is sufficiently stabilized for use.",
304
+ "FIGS. 18a through 18p provide examples of the variety of tools that are attachable in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 18a is a pair of tweezers; FIG. 18b is a dental tool; FIG. 18c is a first saw blade design; FIG. 18d is a second saw blade design; FIG. 18e is a pair of rotary brushes, each of which are attachable in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 18f is a pair of burr tools, each of which are attachable in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 18g is a pen refill; FIG. 18h is a drill bit; FIG. 18i is a mirror; FIG. 18j is a pair of deburring tools, each of which are attachable in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 18k is a utility blade; FIG. 181 is a snap blade; FIG. 18m is a pair of Xacto blades, each of which are attachable in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 18n is a riffler; FIG. 18o is a counter sink drill bit; and FIG. 18p is a machine tap to be used in accordance with the present invention.",
305
+ "As can be seen, the present invention's universal, interchangeable attachment system, various pliers-like operator heads, removable/interchangeable handles, removable/replaceable tools and tools bits, hex drive and clamp, creates a highly customizable tool, easily tailored to the individual user's need. With the incorporation of the uniquely designed reversible double helical drive, users are able to drive a screw or bolt without loosening and re-grasping the screw or bolt head. The electronic subsystem provides lighting and electrical testing capabilities unseen in prior art multi-tools.",
306
+ "Although the description herein contains specific embodiments, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. It should be noted that the invention, as described herein, is the preferred embodiment but should not be limited to the specifics described or illustrated as numerous variations are possible. The invention includes all novel and non-obvious combinations and subcombinations of various tools, elements, features, functions and/or properties disclosed herein. Modifications of the invention's elements may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as stated in the present claims.",
307
+ "The entire disclosures of all references, applications, patents, and publications cited above are hereby incorporated by reference."
308
+ ],
309
+ "citations": [
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+ "753456",
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+ "100 56 900"
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+ ],
348
+ "us_classification": "7168",
349
+ "international_classifications": [
350
+ {
351
+ "classification_level": "A",
352
+ "section": "B",
353
+ "classification_class": "25",
354
+ "subclass": "B",
355
+ "main_group": "7",
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+ "subgroup": "22"
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ }
json_patents/06983507.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Toothbrush",
3
+ "abstract": "An electrically-driven toothbrush has a brush holder that is arranged to rotationally vibrate and carry a number of bristles interspaced with arcuate membranes. The membranes serve to aid cleaning of the teeth and to polish the teeth surfaces during use of the toothbrush.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "McDougall"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983507",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Colgate-Palmolive Company"
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A toothbrush comprising a power source, a handle and a head defining a periphery connected to the handle, the head including a plurality of tooth cleaning elements, a central axis and further comprising a holder rotatably mounted to the head for rotation of the holder about the central axis, and, the plurality of tooth cleaning elements including a bristle element and a plurality of flexible membranes provided on the holder, wherein each of said membranes on the holder has an arcuate section extending between opposing ends and each of the opposing ends is adjacent to the periphery of the head and disposed closer to the periphery than the center axis, in which the arcuate section has a concave side facing a periphery portion that the ends are adjacent to.",
16
+ "components": []
17
+ },
18
+ {
19
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
20
+ "preamble": "2. The toothbrush according to claim 1 , in which at least one membrane has a first height defined from the holder, and said bristle element has a second height defined from the holder; wherein the first height ranges from about 50% to 90% of the second height.",
21
+ "components": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
25
+ "preamble": "3. The toothbrush according to claim 1 , in which the bristle element is disposed adjacent to the periphery and between the opposing ends of at least one of the membranes.",
26
+ "components": []
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
30
+ "preamble": "4. The toothbrush according to claim 1 , in which the bristle element is partially surrounded by at least one of the membranes.",
31
+ "components": []
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
35
+ "preamble": "5. The toothbrush according to claim 1 , in which the arcuate section has a convex side opposing the concave side.",
36
+ "components": []
37
+ },
38
+ {
39
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
40
+ "preamble": "6. The toothbrush according to claim 1 , in which the bristle element includes a first bristle tuft being disposed adjacent to the periphery and a second bristle tuft being disposed interior of the flexible membranes, the first bristle tuft extending farther from the base than the second bristle tuft.",
41
+ "components": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
45
+ "preamble": "7. The toothbrush according to claim 6 , in which at least one of the membranes is shorter than the first bristle tuft and the second bristle tuft.",
46
+ "components": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
50
+ "preamble": "8. The toothbrush according to claim 1 , in which the bristle element includes a first bristle tuft disposed adjacent to the periphery and a second bristle tuft being disposed interior of the flexible membranes, the first bristle tuft having a first thickness and the second bristle tuft having a second thickness, the first thickness being larger than the second thickness.",
51
+ "components": []
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
55
+ "preamble": "9. The toothbrush according to claim 8 , in which the first bristle tuft extends farther from the holder than the second bristle tuft.",
56
+ "components": []
57
+ },
58
+ {
59
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
60
+ "preamble": "10. The toothbrush according to claim 8 , in which at least one of the membranes is shorter than the first bristle tuft and the second bristle tuft.",
61
+ "components": []
62
+ },
63
+ {
64
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
65
+ "preamble": "11. The toothbrush according to claim 8 , in which the head is configured to vibrate.",
66
+ "components": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
70
+ "preamble": "12. The toothbrush according to claim 8 , wherein the holder supports the membrane and the first bristle tuft and the second bristle tuft.",
71
+ "components": []
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
75
+ "preamble": "13. A toothbrush comprising a power source, a handle and a head defining a periphery connected to the handle, the head having a central axis and a plurality of tooth cleaning elements, the plurality of tooth cleaning elements including a plurality flexible membranes and cleaning members, each of said membranes having opposing ends and a concave portion extending between the opposing ends, each of the opposing ends are closer to the periphery than the central axis, each concave portion facing the periphery portion that the ends are adjacent to, the cleaning members being adjacent to the periphery and disposed between the membranes, the head comprises a holder rotatably mounted to the head for rotation of the holder about the central axis, and wherein the holder supports the membranes and the cleaning members.",
76
+ "components": []
77
+ },
78
+ {
79
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
80
+ "preamble": "14. The toothbrush according to claim 13 , in which at least one membrane has a first height, and at least one of the cleaning members has a second height; wherein the first height ranges from about 50% to 90% of the second height.",
81
+ "components": []
82
+ },
83
+ {
84
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
85
+ "preamble": "15. The toothbrush according to claim 13 , in which at least one of the cleaning members comprises a bristle element, and said bristle element is disposed between the opposing ends of at least one of the membranes.",
86
+ "components": []
87
+ },
88
+ {
89
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
90
+ "preamble": "16. The toothbrush according to claim 13 , in which at least one of the cleaning members comprises a bristle element and said bristle element is partially surrounded by at least one of the membranes.",
91
+ "components": []
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
95
+ "preamble": "17. The toothbrush according to claim 13 , in which the cleaning members includes a first bristle tuft being disposed adjacent to the periphery and a second bristle tuft disposed between the membranes, the first bristle tuft extending farther than the second bristle tuft.",
96
+ "components": []
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
100
+ "preamble": "18. The toothbrush according to claim 17 , in which at least one of the membranes is shorter than the first bristle tuft and the second bristle tuft.",
101
+ "components": []
102
+ },
103
+ {
104
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
105
+ "preamble": "19. The toothbrush according to claim 13 , in which the cleaning members includes a first bristle tuft disposed adjacent to the periphery and a second bristle tuft disposed between the membranes, the first bristle tuft having a first thickness and the second bristle tuft having a second thickness, the first thickness being different from the second thickness.",
106
+ "components": []
107
+ },
108
+ {
109
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
110
+ "preamble": "20. The toothbrush according to claim 19 , in which the first bristle tuft extends farther from the base than the second bristle tuft.",
111
+ "components": []
112
+ },
113
+ {
114
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00021",
115
+ "preamble": "21. The toothbrush according to claim 19 , in which at least one of the membranes is shorter than the first bristle tuft and the second bristle tuft.",
116
+ "components": []
117
+ },
118
+ {
119
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00022",
120
+ "preamble": "22. The toothbrush according to claim 19 , in which the at least one membrane has a first height and said first bristle tuft has a second height wherein the first height ranges from about 50% to 90% of the second height.",
121
+ "components": []
122
+ },
123
+ {
124
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00023",
125
+ "preamble": "23. The toothbrush according to claim 19 , in which the first thickness is larger than the second thickness.",
126
+ "components": []
127
+ },
128
+ {
129
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00024",
130
+ "preamble": "24. The toothbrush according to claim 23 , in which the first bristle tuft is partially surrounded by at least one of the membranes.",
131
+ "components": []
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00025",
135
+ "preamble": "25. A toothbrush comprising a handle having a longitudinal axis, a head defining a periphery connected to the handle and a center axis generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, a power source the head including a surface and a plurality of flexible membranes extending from the surface, each of said membranes having opposing ends, a concave section and an opposing convex section, said sections being disposed between the opposing ends, wherein the concave sections face the periphery and the convex sections face the center axis, each of the ends of the membranes are adjacent to the periphery such that they are closer to the periphery than the center axis, and at least one of said membranes has at least one said end adjacent to one said end of another of said membranes.",
136
+ "components": []
137
+ },
138
+ {
139
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00026",
140
+ "preamble": "26. The toothbrush according to claim 25 , in which the head comprises a holder rotatably mounted to the head, wherein the holder supports the membranes of the surface.",
141
+ "components": []
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00027",
145
+ "preamble": "27. The toothbrush according to claim 25 , further comprising a bristle tuft and the membranes comprises a plastic material.",
146
+ "components": []
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00028",
150
+ "preamble": "28. The toothbrush according to claim 27 , in which the membranes are radially arranged on the head with respect to the center axis.",
151
+ "components": []
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00029",
155
+ "preamble": "29. The toothbrush according to claim 25 , wherein each said end is adjacent to one said end of another flexible membrane.",
156
+ "components": []
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00030",
160
+ "preamble": "30. The toothbrush according to claim 29 , wherein the power source is electric.",
161
+ "components": []
162
+ },
163
+ {
164
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00031",
165
+ "preamble": "31. The toothbrush according to claim 30 , in which the head comprises a holder rotatably mounted to the head, wherein the holder supports the membranes of the surface.",
166
+ "components": []
167
+ }
168
+ ],
169
+ "description": [
170
+ "The invention relates to toothbrushes.",
171
+ "The invention relates more particularly to electrically-driven toothbrushes in which brush bristles are arranged to move relative to an elongated toothbrush handle such that the bristles rotate about an axis generally at right angles to a longitudinal axis of the handle. The bristles may rotate completely or preferably oscillate as fully described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,625,916.",
172
+ "In certain conditions, the overall cleaning effect of such brushes is not wholly satisfactory, especially for polishing the teeth or removing stains.",
173
+ "It is an object of the invention to overcome or to at least reduce this problem.",
174
+ "According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an electrically-driven toothbrush having an elongated handle and a brush head mounted to a remote end of the handle, a bristle holder rotatably mounted to the brush head to rotate about an axis generally at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the handle, including an array of upstanding bristles interspaced with a number of separate upstanding flexible membranes that are arranged such as to rub against surfaces of teeth during brushing.",
175
+ "The membranes are preferably shorter than at least the longest of the bristles.",
176
+ "Each membrane is preferably arcuate in cross-section and partially surrounds a respective bristle of the bristle array.",
177
+ "Each membrane may be semicircular in cross-section and positioned between a respective bristle and the rotational axis of the brush holder.",
178
+ "The membranes are preferably evenly distributed about the brush holder axis and each partially surrounds a respective peripherally-sited bristle of the bristle array.",
179
+ "There are typically five membranes and at least ten bristles.",
180
+ "The membranes may be formed of plastic material.",
181
+ "According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a rotatable bristle holder for an electrically-driven toothbrush having an array of upstanding bristles interspaced with a number of separate upstanding flexible membranes arranged such as to rub against surfaces of the teeth during brushing.",
182
+ "An electric toothbrush according to the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.",
183
+ "FIG. 1 is a sectional bottom view of the toothbrush;",
184
+ "FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a brush head of the toothbrush;",
185
+ "FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 2;",
186
+ "FIG. 4 is an enlarged top plan view of the brush head; and",
187
+ "FIG. 5 is an isometric view of FIG. 4.",
188
+ "Referring to the drawings, in FIG. 1 the toothbrush comprises a handle portion 10 at a first end of the toothbrush, a brush head 11 at a second end of the toothbrush, a rotatable shaft 12 extending from the handle to the head, and a generally circular bristle holder 13. The handle provides compartments for holding an electric motor 14 and two batteries 15 and 16. A shaft coupling 17 is arranged to grip one end of the shaft 12 and allow the shaft to be pulled out for cleaning or replacement.",
189
+ "The head 11, as is better seen in FIG. 2, supports a post 18 which provides a rotational pivot axis 40 for the bristle holder 13. Bristles 19 are shown for illustrative purpose only in FIG. 2. The shaft 12 has an integrally formed remote-most end 20 that is off-set from a central longitudinal axis 21 of the shaft.",
190
+ "The remote-most end 20 fits a slot 22 (see FIG. 3) formed in a side of the bristle holder 13. It will be noted that the end 20 points towards an intersection of the first axis 21 and a second central axis 40 of the post 18. When the shaft 12 is rotated by the motor 14, the remote end 20 describes a circle about the shaft 12 and drivingly engages the slot 22 to cause the bristle holder 13 to rotationally vibrate. As may be seen in FIG. 3, the slot 22 is closed-ended and extends radially inward from the outer circumference of the holder to less than the distance to the center of the holder. Thus, the holder 13 pivots or rotates forwards and backwards about the center of the post 18. Such vibrations comprise the relative motion between the head 11 and the bristles 19 and is generally beneficial for efficient cleaning of teeth. The width of the slot 22 is preferably generally the same as the diameter of the end 20 to leave minimum play; this keeps noise to a minimum while in use.",
191
+ "FIG. 1 shows a toothbrush where the holder 13 vibrates or rotates through an angle of 30\u00b0. In FIG. 2 the angle is 35\u00b0. It will therefore be appreciated that the rotational angle can be chosen by fitting different shafts 12 and that the same bristle holder can be used for all angles. It is also possible to use the holder 13 in a toothbrush where the holder is oscillated through 60\u00b0 or 120\u00b0 or rotated through 360\u00b0 in continuous rotation.",
192
+ "The described shaft 12 is preferably integrally formed, i.e., a single length of a thin rod and shaped as shown. However, it is possible to arrange for the remote end 20 to be separately formed or provided and fixed to a straight end part of the shaft. Such a separate part can be a brush having a central axis coinciding with the axis 21 of the shaft and an off-center driving post.",
193
+ "The driving post then takes up the position and function of the remote end 20. Thus, the driving post and the slot 22 then form the driving engagement between the shaft and the holder 13 and so the driving post can be regarded as the remote end of the shaft.",
194
+ "In FIGS. 4 and 5, an electrically driven toothbrush has a brush holder 13 that is arranged to rotationally vibrate and carry a number of bristles 19 interspaced with arcuate membranes 23. The membranes serve to aid cleaning of the teeth and to polish the teeth surfaces during use of the toothbrush.",
195
+ "As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the brush holder 13 carries ten bristles that are interspaced by five flexible membranes 23. Each membrane is generally semicircular in cross-section and partially surrounds a respective bristle mounted adjacent the periphery of the brush holder. The membranes 23 are positioned between the respective bristles and the central axis 40 of the brush holder. In such a configuration, the membranes are inherently unlikely to become clogged up with toothpaste or debris removed from the teeth.",
196
+ "The peripheral bristles are preferably thicker than the inner bristles, which may be shorter in length than the peripheral bristles. The membranes 23 are generally shorter than all the bristles and typically protrude up about 50% to 90% of the height of the bristles they partially surround. The membranes are formed of food-safe plastic material, such as neoprene or other synthetic rubber, but may be made of woven fabric or similar.",
197
+ "The membranes rub against the surfaces of the teeth and serve to polish surfaces of the teeth and remove stains during use. The membranes may be reasonably effective in this respect if they are generally rectangular in cross-section, or completely surround some or all of the bristles, or more completely surround than shown in the figures."
198
+ ],
199
+ "citations": [
200
+ "3195537",
201
+ "4571768",
202
+ "5625916",
203
+ "5628082",
204
+ "5652990",
205
+ "6021538",
206
+ "6446295",
207
+ "D487636",
208
+ "6820299",
209
+ "6820300",
210
+ "2003/0033680",
211
+ "2 371 217",
212
+ "03/0434359"
213
+ ],
214
+ "us_classification": "15 221",
215
+ "international_classifications": [
216
+ {
217
+ "classification_level": "A",
218
+ "section": "A",
219
+ "classification_class": "61",
220
+ "subclass": "C",
221
+ "main_group": "17",
222
+ "subgroup": "16"
223
+ }
224
+ ]
225
+ }
json_patents/06983508.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Bolt cleaning system",
3
+ "abstract": "A bolt cleaning system for removing debris from the threaded portions of anchor bolts. The bolt cleaning system includes a shaft member, an inner member attached to the shaft member having an annular member, a first cleaning unit removably positionable within the inner member, a connector member connectable to the inner member, an outer member connectable to the connector member, and a second cleaning unit removably positioned between the connector member and the outer member.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Saurer"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983508",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [],
10
+ "claims": [
11
+ {
12
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
13
+ "preamble": "1. A bolt cleaning system for cleaning a threaded portion of a bolt, comprising:",
14
+ "components": [
15
+ {
16
+ "component": "a shaft member;",
17
+ "subcomponents": []
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "an inner member attached concentrically to said shaft member, wherein said inner member has a tubular structure;",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "component": "a first cleaning unit removably positioned within an open end of said inner member;",
25
+ "subcomponents": []
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "component": "a connector member removably attached to said inner member opposite of said shaft member;",
29
+ "subcomponents": []
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "component": "an outer member removably attached to said connector member opposite of said inner member, wherein said outer member has a receiver opening for receiving said threaded portion of said bolt; and",
33
+ "subcomponents": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "component": "a second cleaning unit removably positioned within an end of said outer member.",
37
+ "subcomponents": []
38
+ }
39
+ ]
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
43
+ "preamble": "2. The bolt cleaning system of claim 1 , wherein said first cleaning unit and said second cleaning unit are each comprised of an outer member and a plurality of bristles extending inwardly from said outer member forming a center opening.",
44
+ "components": []
45
+ },
46
+ {
47
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
48
+ "preamble": "3. The bolt cleaning system of claim 2 , wherein said center opening has a circular shape.",
49
+ "components": []
50
+ },
51
+ {
52
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
53
+ "preamble": "4. The bolt cleaning system of claim 2 , wherein said plurality of bristles are comprised of a resilient material.",
54
+ "components": []
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
58
+ "preamble": "5. The bolt cleaning system of claim 4 , wherein said plurality of bristles are comprised of a metal wire.",
59
+ "components": []
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
63
+ "preamble": "6. The bolt cleaning system of claim 1 , wherein said outer member has a flanged portion surrounding said receiver opening.",
64
+ "components": []
65
+ },
66
+ {
67
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
68
+ "preamble": "7. The bolt cleaning system of claim 6 , including an abrasive member attached to said flanged portion.",
69
+ "components": []
70
+ },
71
+ {
72
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
73
+ "preamble": "8. The bolt cleaning system of claim 1 , wherein said connector member has a first outer threading that is threadably connectable to a first inner threading of said inner member, and wherein said connector member has a second outer threading that is threadably connectable to a second inner threading of said outer member.",
74
+ "components": []
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
78
+ "preamble": "9. The bolt cleaning system of claim 8 , wherein said inner member includes an annular member.",
79
+ "components": []
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
83
+ "preamble": "10. The bolt cleaning system of claim 9 , wherein said annular member has an inner diameter smaller than an outer width of said first cleaning unit.",
84
+ "components": []
85
+ }
86
+ ],
87
+ "description": [
88
+ "Not applicable to this application.",
89
+ "Not applicable to this application.",
90
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
91
+ "The present invention relates generally to anchor bolt cleaning devices and more specifically it relates to a bolt cleaning system for removing debris from the threaded portions of anchor bolts.",
92
+ "2. Description of the Related Art",
93
+ "Anchor bolts positioned within concrete during pouring often times become contaminated with concrete, dirt and other debris. Threaded studs welded to a structure also require cleaning of excess weld and debris accumulated upon the threaded portions thereof. Conventional methods of cleaning anchor bolts and other devices involves using a wire brush which is labor intensive and time consuming. In addition, using a wire brush often times does not completely clean the threaded portions.",
94
+ "Examples of patented devices which may be related to the present invention include U.S. Pat. No. 5,946,757 to Oliveira; U.S. Pat. No. 3,188,674 to Hobbs; U.S. Pat. No. 4,301,567 to Tucker; U.S. Pat. No. 5,168,660 to Smith; U.S. Pat. No. 5,566,416 to Karls; U.S. Pat. No. 5,307,534 to Miller; U.S. Pat. No. 3,088,150 to Sweeney; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,038,525 to Gardner.",
95
+ "While these devices may be suitable for the particular purpose to which they address, they are not as suitable for removing debris from the threaded portions of anchor bolts. Conventional cleaning devices are not suitable for extended usage in cleaning the threaded portions of anchor bolts.",
96
+ "In these respects, the bolt cleaning system according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of removing debris from the threaded portions of anchor bolts.",
97
+ "In view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in the known types of thread cleaning devices now present in the prior art, the present invention provides a new bolt cleaning system construction wherein the same can be utilized for removing debris from the threaded portions of anchor bolts.",
98
+ "The general purpose of the present invention, which will be described subsequently in greater detail, is to provide a new bolt cleaning system that has many of the advantages of the cleaning devices mentioned heretofore and many novel features that result in a new bolt cleaning system which is not anticipated, rendered obvious, suggested, or even implied by any of the prior art anchor bolt cleaning devices, either alone or in any combination thereof.",
99
+ "To attain this, the present invention generally comprises a shaft member, an inner member attached to the shaft member having an annular member, a first cleaning unit removably positionable within the inner member, a connector member connectable to the inner member, an outer member connectable to the connector member, and a second cleaning unit removably positioned between the connector member and the outer member.",
100
+ "There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are additional features of the invention that will be described hereinafter and that will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto.",
101
+ "In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of the description and should not be regarded as limiting.",
102
+ "A primary object of the present invention is to provide a bolt cleaning system that will overcome the shortcomings of the prior art devices.",
103
+ "A second object is to provide a bolt cleaning system for removing debris from the threaded portions of anchor bolts.",
104
+ "Another object is to provide a bolt cleaning system that allows for the changing of cleaning bristles after being worn.",
105
+ "An additional object is to provide a bolt cleaning system that effectively removes concrete, dirt and dust from the threaded portions of anchor bolts retained within concrete.",
106
+ "A further object is to provide a bolt cleaning system that is capable of cleaning various sizes and lengths of anchor bolts.",
107
+ "Another object is to provide a bolt cleaning system that may be utilized to clean various types of threaded or non-threaded devices.",
108
+ "A further object is to provide a bolt cleaning system that provides for efficient cleaning of anchor bolts.",
109
+ "Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become obvious to the reader and it is intended that these objects and advantages are within the scope of the present invention.",
110
+ "To the accomplishment of the above and related objects, this invention may be embodied in the form illustrated in the accompanying drawings, attention being called to the fact, however, that the drawings are illustrative only, and that changes may be made in the specific construction illustrated and described within the scope of the appended claims.",
111
+ "Various other objects, features and attendant advantages of the present invention will become fully appreciated as the same becomes better understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the several views, and wherein:",
112
+ "FIG. 1 is an upper perspective view of the present invention.",
113
+ "FIG. 2 is a cutaway upper perspective view of the present invention.",
114
+ "FIG. 3 is an exploded upper perspective view of the present invention.",
115
+ "FIG. 4 is a side perspective view of the present invention attached to a drive unit and positioned about the bolt.",
116
+ "FIG. 5 is an upper perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention using an abrasive member for smoothing concrete around an anchor bolt.",
117
+ "FIG. 6 is a side cutaway view of the distal end member of the alternative embodiment.",
118
+ "Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views, FIGS. 1 through 6 illustrate a bolt cleaning system 10, which comprises a shaft member 20, an inner member 22 attached to the shaft member 20 having an annular member 24, a first cleaning unit 30 removably positionable within the inner member 22, a connector member 40 connectable to the inner member 22, an outer member 60 connectable to the connector member 40, and a second cleaning unit 50 removably positioned between the connector member 40 and the outer member 60.",
119
+ "As shown in FIGS. 1 through 3 of the drawings, the shaft member 20 is comprised of an elongate rigid structure. The shaft member 20 is preferably positionable and connectable within a coupler of a conventional drive unit 16 such as an air drill, electric drill or hand drill. The shaft member 20 may have various cross sectional shapes commonly utilized within the tool industry to connect to drive units 16.",
120
+ "An inner member 22 having a tubular structure is attached to the shaft member 20 as best illustrated in FIG. 2 of the drawings. The inner member 22 extends a finite distance and is formed for receiving a distal portion of a bolt 12 being cleaned. The inner member 22 has an open end with an inner lumen as best illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 of the drawings. A first inner threading 26 is positioned within the distal portion of the inner lumen of the inner member 22 for threadably receiving the connector member 40 as shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings.",
121
+ "An annular member 24 extends inwardly from the inner lumen of the inner member 22 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 of the drawings. The annular member 24 forms a lip that the first cleaning unit 30 is positionable against but which cannot extend through. The annular member 24 is positioned a finite distance within the inner member 22 to allow for the connector member 40 to tightly retain the first cleaning unit 30 between thereof as shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings.",
122
+ "As shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings, the first cleaning unit 30 is comprised of a first outer member 32 and a plurality of first bristles 34 extending inwardly from the first outer member 32. The first outer member 32 is comprised of a ring structure that is snugly positionable within the inner member 22 as illustrated in FIG. 2 of the drawings. The plurality of first bristles 34 are comprised of a resilient material capable of cleaning the threaded portion 14 of the bolt 12 such as but not limited to metal wire or plastic. The plurality of first bristles 34 preferably extend inwardly from the first outer member 32 and preferably form a first center opening within for receiving the threaded portion 14 of the bolt 12 during cleaning. The first center opening of the first cleaning unit 30 may have various diameters based upon the size of the bolt 12 to be cleaned.",
123
+ "The connector member 40 is a tubular structure having a first outer threading 42 and a second outer threading 44 on opposing sides thereof as best shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings. The first outer threading 42 is threadably connectable to the first inner threading 26 of the inner member 22 as shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings. The connector member 40 is tightened within the first inner threading 26 until tightly positioned against the first cleaning unit 30 thereby retaining the first cleaning unit 30 in a non-movable position against the annular member 24. The second outer threading 44 is threadably connectable to the second inner threading 62 of the outer member 60 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 of the drawings.",
124
+ "The outer member 60 is comprised of a tubular structure having a second inner threading 62 and a flanged portion 64 forming a receiver opening 66. The receiver opening 66 is sufficient in size for receiving the bolt 12 without engaging the bolt 12 directly during rotation of the bolt 12 cleaning system 10. The flanged portion 64 retains the second cleaning unit 50 against the end of the connector member 40 when the second outer threading 44 is threadably connected to the second inner threading 62.",
125
+ "As shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings, the second cleaning unit 50 is comprised of a second outer member 52 and a plurality of second bristles 54 extending inwardly from the second outer member 52 similar to the first cleaning unit 30. The second outer member 52 is comprised of a ring structure that is snugly positionable within the flanged portion 64 as illustrated in FIG. 2 of the drawings. The plurality of second bristles 54 are comprised of a resilient material capable of cleaning the threaded portion 14 of the bolt 12 such as but not limited to metal wire or plastic. The plurality of second bristles 54 preferably extend inwardly from the second outer member 52 and preferably form a second center opening within for receiving the threaded portion 14 of the bolt 12 during cleaning. The second center opening of the second cleaning unit 50 may have various diameters based upon the size of the bolt 12 to be cleaned.",
126
+ "FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate an alternative embodiment using an abrasive member 70 attached to the flanged portion 64 of the outer member 60 for cleaning concrete surrounding the bolt 12. It should be noted that one or more cleaning units 30 may be used within the present invention. It should also be noted that the present invention may be comprised of a single housing structure with the cleaning units 30, 50 non-removably positioned within.",
127
+ "In use, the user positions the bolt 12 cleaning system about the threaded portion 14 of the bolt 12 to be cleaned by inserting the same within the center openings of the cleaning units 30, 50. The user then operate the drive unit 16 which rotates the bolt 12 cleaning system 10. During rotation thereof, the bristles 34, 54 engage the threaded portion 14 thereby removing undesirable debris. After finishing cleaning of the bolt 12, the user then proceeds to the next bolt 12 to be cleaned. When the bristles 34, 54 of the cleaning units 30, 50 become worn, the user simply replaces the cleaning units 30, 50 thereby reducing waste and reducing the cost to operate the bolt 12 cleaning system 10 over extended periods of time.",
128
+ "As to a further discussion of the manner of usage and operation of the present invention, the same should be apparent from the above description. Accordingly, no further discussion relating to the manner of usage and operation will be provided.",
129
+ "With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed to be within the expertise of those skilled in the art, and all equivalent structural variations and relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention.",
130
+ "Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.",
131
+ "Index of Elements for Bolt Cleaning System\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u25a1\nENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n10. Bolt Cleaning System\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n11.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n12. Bolt\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n13.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n14. Threaded Portion\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n15.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n16. Drive Unit\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n17.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n18.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n19.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n20. Shaft Member\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n21.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n22. Inner Member\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n23.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n24. Annular Member\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n25.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n26. First Inner Threading\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n27.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n28.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n29.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n30. First Cleaning Unit\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n31.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n32. First Outer Member\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n33.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n34. First Bristles\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n35.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n36.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n37.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n38.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n39.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n40. Connector Member\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n41.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n42. First Outer Threading\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n43.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n44. Second Outer Threading\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n45.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n46.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n47.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n48.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n49.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n50. Second Cleaning Unit\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n51.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n52. Second Outer Member\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n53.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n54. Second Bristles\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n55.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n56.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n57.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n58.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n59.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n60. Outer Member\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n61.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n62. Second Inner Threading\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n63.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n64. Flanged Portion\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n65.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n66. Receiver Opening\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n67.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n68.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n69.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n70. Abrasive Member\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n71.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n72.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n73.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n74.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n75.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n76.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n77.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n78.\n\n\n\n\u25a1\n79."
132
+ ],
133
+ "citations": [
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+ "490682",
135
+ "3088150",
136
+ "3188674",
137
+ "4301567",
138
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+ "5168660",
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141
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142
+ "5566416",
143
+ "5946757",
144
+ "6553601",
145
+ "6745425",
146
+ "2 147 835"
147
+ ],
148
+ "us_classification": "1510404",
149
+ "international_classifications": [
150
+ {
151
+ "classification_level": "A",
152
+ "section": "B",
153
+ "classification_class": "08",
154
+ "subclass": "B",
155
+ "main_group": "9",
156
+ "subgroup": "02"
157
+ }
158
+ ]
159
+ }
json_patents/06983509.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Sweeping and wringing apparatus",
3
+ "abstract": "A sweeping and wringing apparatus, comprising: a handle; a moving bar, having an upper end that is hingedly connected with the handle at a middle position thereof and a lower end that is placed inside the handle at a lower position thereof; a transmission rod, glidingly mounted within the handle and having an upper end that is hingedly connected with the lower end of the moving bar; a frame, having a vertical part with an upper end that is attached to the handle at a lower end thereof and a horizontal part with two far ends that define left and right sides; a pair of hinge plates, having an upper end that is hingedly connected with one of the far ends of said horizontal part of the frame and having a bent part with a bolt; a pulling element, attached to the lower end of the transmission rod; a pair of holding plates, having vertical ribs with inner ends that are hingedly connected with the pulling element and extending symmetrically to the left and right, respectively; and a cleaning head, fastened to the pair of holding plates, comprising a positioning plate and a cleaning element fastened to the positioning plate on a lower side thereof.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Lin"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983509",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Giant Lead Inc."
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A sweeping and wringing apparatus, comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "a handle, which is a hollow body, defining a vertical direction;",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "a moving bar, having an upper end that is hingedly connected with said handle at a middle position thereof and a lower end that is placed inside said handle at a lower position thereof;",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "component": "a transmission rod, glidingly mounted within said handle and having an upper end that is hingedly connected with said lower end of said moving bar and a lower end that extends downward beyond said handle;",
27
+ "subcomponents": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "component": "a frame, which is a hollow body, having a vertical part with an upper end that is attached to said handle at a lower end thereof and a horizontal part with two far ends that define left and right sides;",
31
+ "subcomponents": []
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "component": "a pair of hinge plates, each hinge plate of said pair of hinge plates being shaped like the letter L, having an upper end that is hingedly connected with one of said far ends of said horizontal part of said frame and having a bent part with a bolt;",
35
+ "subcomponents": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "component": "a pulling element, attached to said lower end of said transmission rod;",
39
+ "subcomponents": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "component": "a pair of holding plates, having vertical ribs with inner ends that are hingedly connected with said pulling element and extending symmetrically to the left and right, respectively; and",
43
+ "subcomponents": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "component": "a cleaning head, shaped like an elongated square block and fastened to said pair of holding plates;",
47
+ "subcomponents": []
48
+ },
49
+ {
50
+ "component": "wherein, when said moving bar is pulled up in a squeezing movement, said lower end thereof takes said transmission rod upward, which in turn via said pulling element pulls up said pair of holding plates at said inner ends thereof, so that said pair of holding plates are folded inward, causing said cleaning head to be folded, with continuing said squeezing movement resulting in water contained in said cleaning head to be wrung out, and wherein by reversing said squeezing movement an original state is reinstated.",
51
+ "subcomponents": []
52
+ }
53
+ ]
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
57
+ "preamble": "2. The sweeping and wringing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said handle in a middle section has an opening, partly accommodating said moving bar during said squeezing movement thereof.",
58
+ "components": []
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
62
+ "preamble": "3. The sweeping and wringing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said moving bar further comprises an upper rod and a lower rod, which is hingedly connected to said upper rod at a middle position thereof.",
63
+ "components": []
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
67
+ "preamble": "4. The sweeping and wringing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein for each holding plate of said pair of holding plates, said vertical rib has an outer end into which an elongated hole is cut, passed through by said bolt of one of said pair of hinge plates, thus controlling how said pair of holding plates move during said squeezing movement.",
68
+ "components": []
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
72
+ "preamble": "5. The sweeping and wringing apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein for each holding plate of said pair of holding plates, said elongated hole is oriented in a slanted direction.",
73
+ "components": []
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
77
+ "preamble": "6. The sweeping and wringing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each holding plate of said pair of holding plates has a horizontal plate with a plurality of holes.",
78
+ "components": []
79
+ }
80
+ ],
81
+ "description": [
82
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
83
+ "The present invention relates to a sweeping and wringing apparatus, particularly to a sweeping and wringing apparatus which allows to be effectively wrung dry in an inward folding squeezing movement.",
84
+ "2. Description of Related Art",
85
+ "Conventionally, for wet-cleaning a floor, a sweeper with a long handle is used to avoid to have to bend down during the cleaning work. The handle has a front end to which a cleaning element is attached, which is a piece of cloth or a sponge. However, this kind of sweeper does not have a device allowing to wring the cleaning element dry, so after the cleaning work the cleaning element has to be wrung dry by hand or by stepping thereon by foot, which is inconvenient.",
86
+ "To counter this difficulty, a sweeping and wringing apparatus with a cleaning element that allows to be squeezed has been brought on the market, mainly comprising, as shown in FIG. 13: a handle 1; a sponge 2; a connecting piece 3, attached to a lower end of the handle 1; a gripping element 4, made of punched metal and gripping an upper part of the sponge 2; a connecting rod assembly 5, having L-shaped elements fastened to the gripping element 4, for transmitting a downward movement to the sponge 2; a pair of roll bars 6, attached to a lower side of the connecting piece 3; and a lever 7, connected with the connecting rod assembly 5. When the lever 7 is lifted, the connecting rod assembly 5 is pulled up, dragging upward the sponge 2, which is subsequently squeezed between the pair of roll bars 6, so that water contained in the sponge 2 is wrung out.",
87
+ "This conventional sweeping and wringing apparatus allows to press out water contained therein, but has the following shortcomings:\n\n 1. For pressing out water, the sponge 2 is drawn through the roll bars 6. The surface of the sponge 2 that is pressed is comparatively small. In practice, pulling up of the lever 7 is often done fast, with the sponge 2 rapidly slipping through between the roll bars 6, so that the sponge 2 is not wrung dry.\n 2. The sponge 2 is held by the gripping element 4 and fastened to the connecting rod assembly 5 by a screw 8. After prolonged use, however, the surface of the sponge 2 becomes dirty and the screw 8 becomes rusty to the point of the sponge 2 not being replaceable.\n 3. Since the sponge 2 is held fastened to the connecting rod assembly 5 by the screw 8, mounting and dismounting thereof has to be performed by a tool or a machine, which is inconvenient and expensive and also impractical during use.",
88
+ "It is an object of the present invention to provide a sweeping and wringing apparatus which is good-looking and effective.",
89
+ "Another object of the present invention is to provide a sweeping and wringing apparatus having a cleaning element that is easily replaceable.",
90
+ "A further object of the present invention is to provide a sweeping and wringing apparatus which is easily wrung dry and which is inexpensively manufactured.",
91
+ "A further object of the present invention is to provide a sweeping and wringing apparatus which is convenient to assemble and disassemble.",
92
+ "The present invention can be more fully understood by reference to the following description and accompanying drawings.",
93
+ "FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the sweeping and wringing apparatus of the present invention in the regular state.",
94
+ "FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the sweeping and wringing apparatus of the present invention with the cleaning head dismounted and the transmission rod not pulled up (regular state).",
95
+ "FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the sweeping and wringing apparatus of the present invention with the cleaning head mounted and the transmission rod pulled up halfway.",
96
+ "FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the sweeping and wringing apparatus of the present invention with the cleaning head dismounted and the transmission rod pulled up halfway.",
97
+ "FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the sweeping and wringing apparatus of the present invention with the cleaning head dismounted and the transmission rod completely pulled up.",
98
+ "FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the movement of the moving bar of the present invention.",
99
+ "FIG. 7 is a perspective schematic illustration of the wringing system of the present invention at the lower part thereof.",
100
+ "FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the cleaning head of the present invention.",
101
+ "FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional schematic illustration mounting of the cleaning head on the pair of holding plates of the present invention.",
102
+ "FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the cleaning head of the present invention in the second embodiment.",
103
+ "FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of the cleaning head of the present invention in the third embodiment.",
104
+ "FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of the cleaning head of the present invention in the fourth embodiment.",
105
+ "FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a conventional sweeping and wringing apparatus.",
106
+ "As shown in FIGS. 1\u20138, the sweeping and wringing apparatus of the present invention comprises: a handle 10; a moving bar 20; a transmission rod 30; a frame 40; a pair of hinge plates 50, defining left and right sides; a pulling element 60; a pair of holding plates 70; and a cleaning head 100. The handle has a lower end to which the frame 40 is attached. The pair of hinge plates 50 are hingedly connected with opposite lower ends of the frame 40. The moving bar 20 is connected with the handle 10 and is used to drive a wringing movement. The transmission rod 30 runs inside the handle 10, being connected with the moving bar 20. The pulling element 60 is attached to the transmission rod 30. The pair of holding plates 70 extend to the left and right, being hingedly connected with and driven by the pulling element 60. The cleaning head 100 is mounted on a lower side of the pair of holding plates 70 and has an upper surface connected with the pair of hinge plates 50, thus being driven thereby in a squeezing movement.",
107
+ "The handle 10 is manually gripped at, having an upper end with an adjusting device 11 for adjusting the length of the handle 10. The adjusting device 11 is conventional art and therefore not described further. The handle 10 has an inner space which accommodates the moving bar 20 and the transmission rod 30.",
108
+ "As shown in FIG. 6, the moving bar 20 has an upper rod 21 and a lower rod 22, which is connected with the upper rod at a middle position thereof. Furthermore, the moving bar 20 has an upper end 23, which is hingedly connected with the handle at a middle position thereof. The lower rod 22 has a lower end 25, which is hingedly connected with the handle at a lower position thereof and with the transmission rod 30, driving the transmission rod 30. The upper rod 21 and the lower rod 22 partly pass through an opening 12 of the handle 10. The upper rod has 21 a far end carrying a grip 27 that allows manually to pull out the moving bar 20. In a regular state, the upper rod 21 is held close to the handle 10 by an elastic clasp 13.",
109
+ "As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the transmission rod 30 is partly accommodated in the handle 10, being able to glide therein upward and downward. The transmission rod 30 has an upper end 31, which is hingedly connected with the lower end 25 of the lower rod 22, and a lower end 32 is connected with the pulling element 60, driving the pulling element 60 downward.",
110
+ "The frame 40 is a hollow body, shaped like the inverted letter T, having a vertical part 41 connected with the lower end of the handle 10 and a horizontal part 42 with two far ends that extend away from the vertical part 41 to the left and right.",
111
+ "Referring to FIG. 7, each of the pair of hinge plates 50 has a shape like the letter L, with a top end through which a bolt 51 passes to establish a hinged connection with one of the far ends of the horizontal parts 42. Furthermore, each of the pair of hinge plates 50 has a bent part 52 with a bolt 54 for connecting with the pair of holding plates 70.",
112
+ "The pulling element 60, being roughly shaped like the inverted letter T, is fixed on the lower end 32 of the control rod 30 and has a bottom part with two pulling hinges 61 to the left and right.",
113
+ "The pair of holding plates 70 are in a symmetric arrangement hingedly connected with the pulling hinges 61, having roughly T-shaped cross-sections. Each of the pair of holding plates 70 has a vertical rib 71 with an inner end 73, which is hingedly connected with one of the pulling hinges 61, and an outer end having a slanted elongated hole 74, which accommodates the bolt 54 of the bent part 52 of one of the hinge plates 50. Furthermore, each of the pair of holding plates 70 has a horizontal plate 72, which is provided with a plurality of holes 75 for holding the cleaning head 100.",
114
+ "Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 6, in the regular state, when the upper rod 21 of the moving bar 20 has not been pulled on, the upper rod 21 does not move the lower rod 22, so that no upward force is exerted on the transmission rod 30.",
115
+ "The cleaning head 100 is fastened to the pair of holding plates 70 by screws or by clamping or binding means. This is conventional art and therefore not described further.",
116
+ "Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, when the upper rod 21 of the moving bar 20 is pulled away from the handle 10, the lower rod 22 is moved along, so that an upward force is exerted on the transmission rod 30, drawing the pulling element 60 upward, which in turn causes the pulling hinges 61 to pull up the holding plates 70 at the inner ends 73 thereof. Thereby, the pair of holding plates 70 folds inward around the pulling hinges 61, in turn folding the cleaning head 100.",
117
+ "Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, when the upper rod 21 of the moving bar 20 has reached an uppermost position, the transmission rod 30 has been drawn completely inside the handle 10, with the pair of holding plates 70 being completely folded together. Since the bolts 54 on the hinge plates 50 pass through the elongated holes 74 of the holding plates 70, the hinge plates 50 are drawn into the frame 40, as well. Thus the cleaning head 100 is folded and squeezed, so that water contained therein is readily wrung out.",
118
+ "Referring now to FIGS. 1\u20133 and 7\u20139, the cleaning head 100 comprises a positioning plate 80 and a cleaning element 90, held on a bottom side of the positioning plate 80. The cleaning element 90 is shaped like a strip of material capable of sucking water, like a sponge, cloth or plastics material. The present description uses a sponge, but this does not restrict the range of embodiments.",
119
+ "The positioning plate covers the cleaning element 90 from above, exerting squeezing pressure thereon (as shown in FIG. 3) to wring out water.",
120
+ "As shown in FIGS. 7\u20139 the positioning plate 80 has a base plate 81 made of soft material and a plurality of hooks 82 on a top side of the base plate 81. For mounting the cleaning head 100, peaks 83 of the hooks 82 are inserted into the plurality of holes 75 of the pair of holding plates 70 to be held therein, so as to perform cleaning work.",
121
+ "Referring again to FIG. 1, in order to prevent damaging of furniture during the cleaning work, the positioning plate 80 is shorter than the cleaning element 90.",
122
+ "Each of the hooks 82 has a peak 83, a blocking part 84 and an embracing part 85. As shown in FIG. 9, for each of the hooks 82, the embracing part 85 allows to be pushed inward to lean on an inner wall of one of the holes 75, whereas the blocking part 84 grips an outer periphery thereof. Thus the hooks 82 hold the positioning plate 80 effectively on the holding plates 70.",
123
+ "To insert the hooks 82 conveniently into the holes 75 of the holding plates 70, for each of the hooks 82 the peak 83 has a front slope 86, a back slope 88 as well as left and right slopes 87.",
124
+ "To prevent the cleaning element 90 from falling off, the hooks are oriented back to back. Thus tensions exerted during the cleaning work are effectively countered by the blocking part 84 and the embracing part 85 of each of the hooks 82.",
125
+ "Referring to FIGS. 10\u201312, the present invention in second to fourth embodiments has cleaning elements 90A, 90B and 90C, which are a plurality of textile strips, a textile mesh and a plurality of plastics strips, respectively. The cleaning elements 90A, 90B and 90C are fastened to the positioning plate 80 by gluing, screw or binding means, which is conventional art and therefore not explained further.",
126
+ "For mounting the cleaning head 100, first the hooks 82 on one side are inserted into holes 75, then the hooks 82 on the opposite side are inserted into holes 75. Of course, hooks 82 may be inserted in the order of one on the left and one on the right.",
127
+ "For dismounting the cleaning head 100, first the hooks 82 on one side are pressed inward and pulled out of holes 75, the hooks 82 on the opposite side are pressed inward and pulled out of holes 75. Again, hooks 82 may be pulled out in the order of one on the left and one on the right.",
128
+ "The sweeping and wringing apparatus of the present invention has the following advantages:\n\n 1. Manufacturing is easy and inexpensive.\n 2. Mounting and dismounting of the cleaning head is performed without tools.\n 3. Due to convenient dismounting of the cleaning head, the handle is taken advantage of effectively.\n 4. Being made of soft material, the cleaning head is easily squeezed and thus effectively wrung dry.",
129
+ "While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that modifications or variations may be easily made without departing from the spirit of this invention which is defined by the appended claims."
130
+ ],
131
+ "citations": [
132
+ "2926373",
133
+ "3289233"
134
+ ],
135
+ "us_classification": "151192",
136
+ "international_classifications": [
137
+ {
138
+ "classification_level": "A",
139
+ "section": "A",
140
+ "classification_class": "47",
141
+ "subclass": "L",
142
+ "main_group": "13",
143
+ "subgroup": "146"
144
+ }
145
+ ]
146
+ }
json_patents/06983510.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Belt cleaning systems and methods",
3
+ "abstract": "Systems and methods for cleaning belts used to move fiber optics are disclosed. In general, the system includes wheels that can be arranged to receive a fiber optic belt. The belt can be arranged between a contact plate and a brush. Movement is provided to both the belt and brush and a frictional force is created between the surface of the belt to be cleaned and the brush. This contact and friction cleans the residue from the belt.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Hudgins"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983510",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [],
10
+ "claims": [
11
+ {
12
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
13
+ "preamble": "1. A belt cleaning system, comprising:",
14
+ "components": [
15
+ {
16
+ "component": "a first wheel arranged in a mount in a plane of rotation;",
17
+ "subcomponents": []
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "a second wheel arranged in the mount in the plane of rotation, the wheels defining a path of movement;",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "component": "a circular brush connected to the mount, the brush being generally located in the plane of rotation and so that a portion of a perimeter of the brush is in the path of movement;",
25
+ "subcomponents": []
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "component": "a contact plate connected to the mount in opposition to the perimeter of the circular brush",
29
+ "subcomponents": []
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "component": "a motor connected to the brush and to the mount; and",
33
+ "subcomponents": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "component": "a lever connected to the motor.",
37
+ "subcomponents": []
38
+ }
39
+ ]
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
43
+ "preamble": "2. The system as claimed in claim 1 further comprising an additional wheel connected to the mount in the plane of motion, the additional wheel defining at least one additional path of movement adapted to receive a fiber optic cleaning belt.",
44
+ "components": []
45
+ },
46
+ {
47
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
48
+ "preamble": "3. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the lever is connected to a motor mount, the motor is connected to the motor mount and the motor mount is connected to the mount.",
49
+ "components": []
50
+ },
51
+ {
52
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
53
+ "preamble": "4. The system as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a counter weight connected to an arm connected to the motor.",
54
+ "components": []
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
58
+ "preamble": "5. A belt cleaning system, comprising:",
59
+ "components": [
60
+ {
61
+ "component": "a first wheel arranged in a mount in a plane of rotation;",
62
+ "subcomponents": []
63
+ },
64
+ {
65
+ "component": "a second wheel arranged in the mount in the plane of rotation, the wheels defining a path of movement;",
66
+ "subcomponents": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "component": "a circular brush connected to the mount the brush being generally located in the plane of rotation and so that a portion of a perimeter of the brush is in the path of movement;",
70
+ "subcomponents": []
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "component": "a contact plate connected to the mount in opposition to the perimeter of the circular brush; and",
74
+ "subcomponents": []
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "component": "one or more swivel arms connected to the wheels and to the mount.",
78
+ "subcomponents": []
79
+ }
80
+ ]
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
84
+ "preamble": "6. A belt cleaning machine, comprising:",
85
+ "components": [
86
+ {
87
+ "component": "a mount;",
88
+ "subcomponents": []
89
+ },
90
+ {
91
+ "component": "at least two wheels connected to a mount, the wheels being adapted to receive a belt having fiber optic residue on the surface of the belt, wherein a path is defined in a plane of rotation;",
92
+ "subcomponents": []
93
+ },
94
+ {
95
+ "component": "a brush connected to the mount and adapted to come into contact with the surface of the fiber optic belt, the brush being adapted to remove the residue from the belt;",
96
+ "subcomponents": []
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "component": "a contact plate connected to the mount and oriented in opposition to the brush so that the brush and contact plate can be moved toward each other to pinch the fiber optic belt between the brush and the contact plate;",
100
+ "subcomponents": []
101
+ },
102
+ {
103
+ "component": "a motor connected to the mount and to a shaft connected to the brush; and",
104
+ "subcomponents": []
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "component": "a lever to engage the brush and the contact plate.",
108
+ "subcomponents": []
109
+ }
110
+ ]
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
114
+ "preamble": "7. The machine as claimed in claim 6 wherein the lever is connected to the motor.",
115
+ "components": []
116
+ }
117
+ ],
118
+ "description": [
119
+ "This application is a utility application which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/324,072, filed Sep. 21, 2001, entitled \u201cBelt Cleaning Systems and Methods\u201d.",
120
+ "I. Field of the Invention.",
121
+ "The present invention relates generally to the field of belts used to wind, rewind and move fiber optics, and in particular to a system and method of cleaning fiber optic belts.",
122
+ "II. Description of the Related Art.",
123
+ "Belts are commonly used to wind, rewind and otherwise move fiber optics such as fiber optic wire. This belts are used to guide the wire onto spools, for example. The belts typically include a surface that is highly durable and provides a frictional surface for the fiber optics. After short use, the surface often becomes coated with residue from the exterior of the fiber optics, typically residue from the outer cladding. This build up of residue can often damage subsequent fiber optics wound over the belt or otherwise misguide the wire on the belt. Although the belts are highly durable, the belts are typically removed and discarded from the wind/rewind machines.",
124
+ "In general, the invention features a system and method for cleaning the belts used to move fiber optics. Systems and methods for cleaning belts used to move fiber optics are disclosed. In general, the system includes wheels that can be arranged to receive a fiber optic belt. The belt can be arranged between a contact plate and a brush. Movement is provided to both the belt and brush and a frictional force is created between the surface of the belt to be cleaned and the brush. This contact and friction cleans the residue from the belt.",
125
+ "In general, in one aspect, the invention features a belt cleaning system, including a first wheel arranged in a mount in a plane of rotation, a second wheel arranged in the mount in the plane of rotation, the wheels defining a path of movement, a circular brush connected to the mount, the brush being generally located in the plane of rotation and so that a portion of a perimeter of the brush is in the path of movement and a contact plate connected to the mount in opposition to the perimeter of the circular brush.",
126
+ "In one implementation, the path of movement is adapted to receive a fiber optic belt.",
127
+ "In another implementation, the system further includes an additional wheel connected to the mount in the plane of motion, the additional wheel defining at least one additional path of movement adapted to receive a fiber optic cleaning belt.",
128
+ "In another implementation, the system further includes a motor connected to the mount.",
129
+ "In another implementation, the motor is connected to the brush and to the mount.",
130
+ "In another implementation, the system further includes a lever connected to the motor.",
131
+ "In another implementation, the lever is connected to a motor mount, the motor is connected to the motor mount and the motor mount is connected to the mount.",
132
+ "In another implementation, a portion of the fiber optic belt is located between the contact plate and the outer perimeter of the brush.",
133
+ "In another implementation, the system includes one or more swivel arms connected to the wheels and to the mount.",
134
+ "In another implementation, the system further includes a counter weight connected to an arm connected to the motor.",
135
+ "In another aspect, the invention features a method of cleaning fiber optic belts, including arranging a fiber optic belt on a fiber optic cleaning system having a brush, putting the brush into contact with a surface of the belt that is to be cleaned, moving the belt with respect to the brush so that a frictional force is created between the surface to be cleaned and the brush and continuing the contact and motion until desired cleaned is attained.",
136
+ "In one implementation, the belt is driven between the brush and a contact plate connected to the machine.",
137
+ "In another implementation, the method includes removing the belt when the belt has been cleaned as desired.",
138
+ "In another implementation, the method further includes optionally cleaning the belt with a suitable solvent.",
139
+ "In still another aspect, the invention features a belt cleaning machine, including a mount, at least two wheels connected to a mount, the wheels being adapted to receive a belt having fiber optic residue on the surface of the belt, wherein a path is defined in a plane of rotation, a brush connected to the mount and adapted to come into contact with the surface of the fiber optic belt, the brush being adapted to remove the residue from the belt, a contact plate connected to the mount and oriented in opposition to the brush so that the brush and contact plate can be moved toward each other to pinch the fiber optic belt between the brush and the contact plate, a motor connected to the mount and to a shaft connected to the brush and a lever to engage the brush and the contact plate.",
140
+ "In one implementation, the lever is connected to the motor.",
141
+ "One advantage of the invention is that it allows the reuse of the belts without having to discard the belts.",
142
+ "Another advantage is that it allows a single belt to be used for several orders of magnitude more times than if the belt were discarded.",
143
+ "Other objects, advantages and capabilities of the invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings showing the preferred embodiment of the invention.",
144
+ "FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a fiber optic belt cleaning machine;",
145
+ "FIG. 2 illustrates a close up view of an embodiment of a brush and a motor for an embodiment of a belt cleaning machine; and",
146
+ "FIG. 3 illustrates a view of an embodiment of a motor having a counterweight for an embodiment of a belt cleaning machine.",
147
+ "Referring to the drawings wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several figures, reference is made first to FIG. 1 that illustrates an embodiment of a fiber optic belt cleaning machine 100.",
148
+ "The machine 100 includes a mount 105. Two wheels 110, 115 are connected to the mount 105 in a planar arrangement, so that a belt 140 can be placed onto the wheels 110, 115 for cleaning. The wheels 110, 115 are generally defined in a common plane of rotation. The wheels rotate about shafts 111, 116 respectively. The mount 105 is typically used to provide a surface to connect the wheels 110, 115. The mount 105 can be connected to a larger apparatus for ease of management of the belt cleaning machine 100. Such an apparatus can be a dolly to move the belt cleaning machine 100 around locations as needed. The machine 100 further includes circular brush 120 connected to a motor 125. The bristles of the brush are typically a very hard material so that they can withstand repeated use and clean fiber optic residue from the belts. Typically the bristles are metallic or some other hard material. The motor typically drives a shaft 122 that is coupled to the motor 125 and connected to the brush. The motor 125 is used to provide power to the circular brush 120 by providing a rotational force to the shaft 122. The motor can be multi directional and have a variable speed to rotate the brush 120 in either direction as indicated by arrow 123. The motor 125 can also be coupled to one or both of the shafts 111, 116 of the wheels 110, 115 to provide drive power to the wheels 110, 115. In another embodiment, the wheels 110, 115 are not coupled to the motor 125. Instead, a manual lever 150 is connected to one of the wheels 110, 115 and can be manually rotated. One or both of the wheels can be connected to a swivel arm 145 that can move the wheels 110, 115 in order to tighten a belt 140 onto the wheels 110, 115 to provide a suitable tension for movement about the wheels 110, 115 and cleaning. The swivel arms 145 can be pivoted in a variety of ways. The can be connected to a lever and lock. The lever can be engaged to move the wheels 110, 115 into a desired location and then be locked. In another embodiment, the swivel arms 145 can be spring loaded with a bias in the direction away from each other so that a belt is automatically tightened when it is placed on the wheels 110, 115 and the swivel arms 145 are released. It is understood that other embodiments contemplate other ways for the swivel arms 145 to pivot and move.",
149
+ "The machine 100 further includes an contact plate 130 connected to the mount 105. The contact plate 130 is typically connected to a lever 135. The contact plate 130 is typically a flat planar body made from a hard material. The contact plate 130 is typically in an opposed orientation compared to the brush 120 so that the belt 140 can be sufficiently pressed between the contact plate 130 and the brush 120. The lever 135 can be manually engaged to move the contact plate 130 toward the brush 120. In another embodiment, the lever 135 can be connected to the brush 120, motor 125 or a motor mount (described below) to move the brush 120 toward the contact plate 130. Since the brush 120 is typically connected to the motor 125, the motor 125 can be connected to a counter weight (described below) to provide more even balance when the brush 120 is moved. In another embodiment, the lever 135 can be coupled to a switch that controls the power of the motor. Therefore, when the lever is engaged, the switch is engaged providing power to the motor.",
150
+ "The belt 140, which is to be cleaned, is wrapped around the wheels 110, 115, using the swivel arms 145 as necessary to allow sufficient slack in the belt 140 so that it can be wrapped, or threaded about the wheels 110, 115. Typically the belt 140 cannot be easily stretched. Therefore, one or both of the wheels 110, 115 can be shifted to allow the belt to be wrapped around the wheels 110, 115, such as by using the swivel arms 145.",
151
+ "In an alternate embodiment, the machine 100 can further include a cover 170 that covers the wheels 110, 115, the brush 120, the contact plate 130 and the other pertinent components of the machine 100. The cover 170 generally keeps debris from flying away as it is removed from the belt 140 so as to keep the debris contained.",
152
+ "FIG. 2 illustrates a close up view of an embodiment of a brush 120 and a motor 125 for an embodiment of a belt cleaning machine 100. As described above the brush 120 is connected to the motor 125 by a shaft 122. FIG. 2 further illustrates one of the wheels 110, 115 connected to the mount by its shaft 111, 116. FIG. 2 further illustrates that the motor 125 is mounted on a motor mount 126. The lever 135 is connected to the motor mount 126.",
153
+ "FIG. 3 illustrates a view of an embodiment of a motor 125 having a counter-weight 165 for an embodiment of a belt cleaning machine 100. The counter weight 165 is generally connected to an arm 160 so as to provide a greater torque on the motor 125 to provide ease of engagement and disengagement of the brush 120 to the belt 140.",
154
+ "The operation of the machine 100 is now discussed. The lever 135 can be engaged to distance the brush 120 from the path of the belt 140 that is to be cleaned. The path of the belt is typically located around the outer circumferences of the wheels 110, 115 through the space between the opposing brush 120 and contact plate 130. As described above, one or both of the wheels 110, 115 can be shifted from its position so that the belt 140 can be wrapped around the wheels 110, 115, typically by pivoting the swivel arms 145. Once the belt 140 is secured around the wheels 110, 115, the wheels 110, 15 can be shifted back in order to put a tension on the belt. Drive power is provided to the shaft 122 and the circular brush 120 by the motor 125 or by other mechanisms. Drive power is typically also provided to the wheels 110, 115 to provide a linear motion, tangential to the belt 140, as indicated by arrows 155 with respect to the brush 120. It is contemplated in other embodiments that the path of the belt 140 can be different. For example, in one embodiment the wheels 110, 115 can have two different diameters so that the path of the belt 140 is generally angled. Therefore, the contact plate 130 and brush 120 have to be angled appropriately to compensate for the change in the angle of the belt 140 path. The user can then engage the lever 135 to move the contact plate 130 toward the surface of the belt 140, that is the side of the belt 140 that is not to be cleaned. When the contact plate 130 contacts the belt 140, the belt that is moving linearly with respect to the brush 120 is pushed toward the now rotating brush 120. In another implementation, the lever 135 can be coupled to the brush and the contact plate 130 remains fixed, so that when the lever 135 is engaged, the brush moves toward the belt that is subsequently rested against the contact plate 130.",
155
+ "In either implementation, as the brush 120 contacts the surface of the belt 140 there is a frictional force created that chips away at the residue that has built up on the belt 140. Typically the residue is in a singular thin path around the entire belt 140. Therefore, the brush can be kept in one position during the cleaning process. The belt lining that comes into contact with the fiber optic material is typically very durable. Therefore, as the brush cleans the residue, the belt lining is typically not damaged from the rotating brush 120. As a result, once the belt 140 is cleaned it can be used and cleaned repeatedly for an indefinite period. It has been determined that the repeated use and cleaning of the belt does not create any damage or irregularities on the belt 140 that can damage the fiber optics that are subsequently put into contact with the belt 140.",
156
+ "In another implementation, no drive power is provided to the wheels 110, 115. Instead, as the belt is engaged between the rotating brush 120 and the contact plate 130, the user can manually turn the wheels 110, 115 with the manual lever 150. In this way, the user can move the belt as the user sees fit to clean the fiber optic material from the belt.",
157
+ "The embodiments described above have disclosed two wheels. It is understood that additional wheels can be added so that the belt can move across the outer circumferences of the additional wheels.",
158
+ "Once the belts have been cleaned using the cleaning machine 100, additional methods can be used to remove any additional residue. For example, suitable solvents can be wiped on the belts in order to remove any additional residue.",
159
+ "The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, various modifications may be made of the invention without departing from the scope thereof and it is desired, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereon as are imposed by the prior art and which are set forth in the appended claims."
160
+ ],
161
+ "citations": [
162
+ "5519480",
163
+ "2 067 497"
164
+ ],
165
+ "us_classification": "152565",
166
+ "international_classifications": [
167
+ {
168
+ "classification_level": "A",
169
+ "section": "B",
170
+ "classification_class": "65",
171
+ "subclass": "G",
172
+ "main_group": "45",
173
+ "subgroup": "00"
174
+ }
175
+ ]
176
+ }
json_patents/06983511.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Multipurpose tool for cleaning machines",
3
+ "abstract": "A multipurpose tool for cleaning machines, having a body that is interchangeably associable with a cleaning machine provided with an electric motor; the body is movable on wheels and a front advancement part thereof is arranged transversely to a main direction of motion so as to form a housing that is open downward and accommodates a bristled roller that is moved, by virtue of transmission elements, by an electric motor accommodated within the body; the body is articulated to a coupling element that is suitable to provide a detachable connection to the machine with a dirt suction duct. The tool further includes a pair of interchangeable covers that are selectively detachably associable below the housing at an open region where the roller is located, each of the covers having at least one suction slot and elements for closing the region to the rear of the roller between the housing and the floor.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Massaro"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983511",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Lindhaus S.R.L."
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A multipurpose tool for cleaning machines, comprising a box-like body that is interchangeably associable with a cleaning machine provided with an electric motor, said box-like body being movable on wheels connected to said box-like body, a first advancement part thereof being arranged transversely to a main direction of motion so as to form a housing that is open downward and accommodates a bristled roller that is moved, by virtue of transmission means, by an electric motor accommodated within the body, said body being articulated to a coupling element that is suitable to provide a detachable connection to the machine with a dirt suction duct, said tool further comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "a first cover that is detachably associable below said housing at an open region where said roller is located, said first cover having at least one first suction slot arranged below said roller and first closure means for closing the region to the rear of said roller between the housing and a floor, said cover having felt which, by resting on the floor, constitutes said first closure means for closing the region to the rear of said roller between the housing and the floor; and",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "a second cover that is detachable associable below said housing at said open region where said roller is located when said first cover is removed, said second covet having at least one second suction slot arranged below said roller and second closure means for closing the region to the rear of said roller between the housing and the floor, said second cover having a lip made of rubber or equivalent elastomeric material that rests on the floor and constitutes said second closure means for closing the region to the rear of said roller between the housing and the floor.",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ }
25
+ ]
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
29
+ "preamble": "2. The tool according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one first suction slot is a plurality of suction slots formed by a front comb-like shape of the first cover.",
30
+ "components": []
31
+ },
32
+ {
33
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
34
+ "preamble": "3. The tool according to claim 2 , wherein said front comb-like shape has arrow-shaped teeth.",
35
+ "components": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
39
+ "preamble": "4. The tool according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one second suction slot is a single suction slot that lies transversely to the main direction of motion.",
40
+ "components": []
41
+ },
42
+ {
43
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
44
+ "preamble": "5. The tool according to claim 1 , wherein each of said first cover and said second cover has slotted holes for fixing it to said housing, respective T-shaped elements being insertable in said slotted holes, being rigidly coupled to said housing in corresponding regions and being rotatable about their own axis of symmetry between a position in which a head of said elements can pass through the respective hole and a position in which said head straddles said hole.",
45
+ "components": []
46
+ },
47
+ {
48
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
49
+ "preamble": "6. A multipurpose tool for cleaning machines, comprising a box-like body that is interchangeably associable with a cleaning machine provided with an electric motors said box-like body being movable on wheels connected to said box-like body, a front advancement part thereof being arranged transversely to a main direction of motion so as to form a housing that is open downward and accommodates a bristled roller that is moved, by virtue of transmission means, by an electric motor accommodated within the body, said body being articulated to a coupling element that is suitable to provide a detachable connection to the machine with a dirt suction duct, said tool further comprising a cover that is detachably associable below said housing at an open region where said roller is located, said cover having at least one suction slot arranged below said roller and closure means for closing the region to the rear of said roller between the housing and a floor, said at least one suction slot being a plurality of suction slots formed by a front comb-like shape of the cover.",
50
+ "components": []
51
+ },
52
+ {
53
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
54
+ "preamble": "7. The tool according to claim 6 , wherein said front comb-like shape has arrow-shaped teeth.",
55
+ "components": []
56
+ }
57
+ ],
58
+ "description": [
59
+ "The present invention relates to a multipurpose tool for cleaning machines.",
60
+ "The tool is particularly suitable for carpet sweepers with one or two motors.",
61
+ "Tools suitable only for removing dust are known which are constituted by a box-like body that can move on wheels and in which the front advancement part lies transversely to the main direction of motion so as to form a housing that rotatably accommodates a bristled brushing roller that is moved at high speed (on the order of 2,000 to 5,000 rpm), by virtue of transmission means, by an electric motor accommodated within the box-like body.",
62
+ "Such body is articulated to a coupling element that is suitable to provide the detachable connection to the cleaning machine by means of a duct for aspirating the dirt removed by the roller.",
63
+ "Such tools are suitable only for use on carpets or fitted carpeting, since otherwise the high rotation rate of the brush, required to remove the dirt from the pile, on hard floors would spread the dirt more, producing the opposite of the intended effect.",
64
+ "The aim of the present invention is to provide a tool that by way of simple and rapid operations can be converted from a tool for removing dust and dirt from fitted carpeting and/or carpets or the like into a tool for removing dust and dirt from smooth floors.",
65
+ "Within this aim, an object of the present invention is to provide a tool that is easy to use even for non-specialized users.",
66
+ "Another important object is to reduce the number of accessories for cleaning machines.",
67
+ "Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that can be manufactured with known technologies.",
68
+ "This aim and these and other objects that will become better apparent hereinafter are achieved by a multipurpose tool for cleaning machines, which comprises a box-like body that is interchangeably associable with a cleaning machine provided with an electric motor, said box-like body being movable on wheels, a front advancement part thereof being arranged transversely to a main direction of motion so as to form a housing that is open downward and accommodates a bristled roller that is moved, by virtue of transmission means, by an electric motor accommodated within the body, said body being articulated to a coupling element that is suitable to provide a detachable connection to the machine with a dirt suction duct, said tool being characterized in that it comprises a cover that is detachably associable below said housing at an open region where said roller is located, said cover having at least one suction slot and means for closing the region to the rear of said roller between the housing and the floor.",
69
+ "Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become better apparent from the following detailed description of two embodiments thereof, illustrated only by way of non-limitative example in the accompanying drawings, wherein:",
70
+ "FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tool according to the present invention;",
71
+ "FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the tool of FIG. 1 in a first configuration;",
72
+ "FIG. 3 is a partially sectional side view of the tool in the configuration of FIG. 2;",
73
+ "FIGS. 4 and 5 are sectional bottom views of a cover used in the first configuration;",
74
+ "FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the tool of FIG. 1 in a second configuration;",
75
+ "FIG. 7 is a partially sectional side view of the tool in the configuration of FIG. 6;",
76
+ "FIGS. 8 and 9 are sectional bottom views of a cover used in the second configuration.",
77
+ "With reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, a tool according to the invention is generally designated by the reference numeral 10.",
78
+ "The tool 10 is interchangeably associable with a cleaning machine, for example a vacuum cleaner, not shown, which is adequately provided with an electric motor.",
79
+ "Moreover, the tool 10 comprises a box-like body 11, which in this case is made of plastics, that can move on four wheels 12 arranged in pairs; the front advancement part of the body lies transversely to a main direction of motion so as to form a housing 13 that is open in a downward region, is wider than the remainder of the box-like body 11, and rotatably accommodates a bristled roller 14.",
80
+ "The roller 14 is moved, by virtue of belt drive means, by an electric motor, not shown in the figures, that is accommodated within the box-like body 11.",
81
+ "The box-like body 11 is articulated to a coupling element 15, which is suitable to provide the detachable connection to the cleaning machine and incorporates means for electrical connection to the electrical mains for the electric motor, said means being constituted in this case by a plug, not shown in the figures.",
82
+ "The coupling element 15 has, in this case, a tubular cavity 17, which leads into the region of the roller 14 and is suitable to be associated with the tubular stem of the machine that constitutes a suction duct.",
83
+ "The roller 14, in this embodiment, comprises bristles 19, which are arranged according to a geometry that converges at the center.",
84
+ "According to the invention, the tool 10 comprises a cover 20, which is detachably associable below the housing 13 at the open region 21 where the roller 14 is located.",
85
+ "The cover 20 has, in this case, a comb-like front shape (with arrow-shaped teeth 28), which forms a set of suction slots 22, and a covering felt 23, which constitutes a means for closing the region to the rear of the roller 14 between the housing 13 and the floor 24.",
86
+ "The felt 23, which follows the profile of the cover 20, also constitutes an element for resting on the floor 24 that is particularly suitable for delicate floors, such as wood floors, and allows to polish while vacuuming.",
87
+ "In this case, the cover 20 has three slotted holes 25 for fixing it to the housing 13; the slotted holes lie transversely to a main direction of motion, and respective T-shaped elements 26 can be inserted therein and are rigidly coupled to the housing 13 in corresponding regions and can rotate about their own axis of symmetry between a position in which the head can pass through the respective hole 25 and a position in which said head straddles said hole.",
88
+ "The holes 25 are formed in recessed regions 27 of the housing 13.",
89
+ "With reference now to FIGS. 6 to 9, the tool 10 also comprises a cover 120, which is detachably associable below the housing 13 at the open region 21 in which the roller 14 is located, so that the tool 10 may be selectively configured in a second configuration.",
90
+ "The cover 120 has, in this case, a single suction slot 122 (which lies transversely to the main direction of motion), and a lip 123 made of rubber or equivalent elastomeric material, which constitutes a means for closing the region to the rear of the roller 14 between the housing 13 and the floor 24.",
91
+ "The lip 123 rests on the floor 24 and flexes, and is particularly suitable for hard floors such as ceramics, terracotta, marble, et cetera.",
92
+ "In order to fix it to the housing 13, the cover 120 also is provided with three slotted holes 125, which lie transversely to the main direction of motion and in which said T-shaped elements 26, rigidly coupled to said housing 13, can be inserted.",
93
+ "In practice it has been observed that the present invention has achieved the intended aim and objects.",
94
+ "It is in fact noted that the tool according to the invention can be easily associated with a cleaning machine (for example a vacuum cleaner), which is only required to have an electric motor, and can be converted by means of simple and quick operations from a tool for removing dust and dirt from fitted carpeting and/or carpets or the like into a tool for removing dust and dirt from smooth floors.",
95
+ "In this manner, the user can purchase a cleaning machine that allows him to perform several operations, with a considerable saving in terms of purchase and maintenance costs and great advantages in terms of storage space saving.",
96
+ "The tool according to the invention combines the above features with high effectiveness in operation and great adaptability to various requirements of application in view of its structural flexibility and its adjustments.",
97
+ "The present invention is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the inventive concept.",
98
+ "All the details may further be replaced with other technically equivalent elements.",
99
+ "In practice, the materials employed, so long as they are compatible with the contingent use, as well as the dimensions, may be any according to requirements.",
100
+ "The disclosures in Italian Patent Application No. PD2001A000125 from which this application claims priority are incorporated herein by reference."
101
+ ],
102
+ "citations": [
103
+ "1296121",
104
+ "1657111",
105
+ "4700428",
106
+ "5101534",
107
+ "5819366",
108
+ "6101668"
109
+ ],
110
+ "us_classification": "15338",
111
+ "international_classifications": [
112
+ {
113
+ "classification_level": "A",
114
+ "section": "A",
115
+ "classification_class": "47",
116
+ "subclass": "L",
117
+ "main_group": "9",
118
+ "subgroup": "04"
119
+ }
120
+ ]
121
+ }
json_patents/06983512.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Movable door mounting assembly with trolley locking structure",
3
+ "abstract": "A movable door mounting assembly includes a stud assembly and a trolley assembly having a spring-biased cam piece that pivots between a normal position, which allows the trolley assembly to move freely on the track, and a locked position, which causes a locking surface on the cam piece to frictionally engage with a top surface of the track and hold the trolley assembly in place while the door is being hung. A catch in the stud assembly engages with the cam piece when the mounting assembly is fully assembled. Inserting the stud assembly into the trolley assembly, releases the cam piece from its locked position and, at the same time, positions the catch so that it engages with the cam piece when the door is hung.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "De Oliveira"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983512",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Masco Corporation"
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A trolley assembly for a mounting structure in a movable door mounting assembly having a track, comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "a carriage that moves the trolley assembly along the track; and",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "a cam piece coupled to the carriage and pivotable between a normal position and a locking position, wherein the cam piece includes a locking surface that engages with a surface of the track in the locking position and releases from the surface of the track in the normal position.",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ }
25
+ ]
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
29
+ "preamble": "2. The trolley assembly of claim 1 , wherein the carriage comprises:",
30
+ "components": [
31
+ {
32
+ "component": "at least one pair of wheels disposed substantially parallel to each other; and",
33
+ "subcomponents": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "component": "at least one axle coupled to said at least one pair of wheels,",
37
+ "subcomponents": []
38
+ },
39
+ {
40
+ "component": "wherein the cam piece is pivotable about said at least one axle.",
41
+ "subcomponents": []
42
+ }
43
+ ]
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
47
+ "preamble": "3. The trolley assembly of claim 2 , further comprising a center plate disposed between said at least one pair of wheels and supporting said at least one axle.",
48
+ "components": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
52
+ "preamble": "4. The trolley assembly of claim 3 , wherein the cam piece further includes a bearing surface that contacts the center plate when the cam piece is in the normal position.",
53
+ "components": []
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
57
+ "preamble": "5. The trolley assembly of claim 1 , further comprising an elastic member that biases the cam piece in the normal position.",
58
+ "components": []
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
62
+ "preamble": "6. A mounting structure for a moveable door mounting assembly having a track, comprising:",
63
+ "components": [
64
+ {
65
+ "component": "a stud assembly designed to be attached to a door, the stud assembly comprising",
66
+ "subcomponents": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "component": "a catch having a stud catch surface; and",
70
+ "subcomponents": []
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "component": "a stud that supports the catch and couples the catch to the door; and",
74
+ "subcomponents": []
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "component": "a trolley assembly that engages with the stud assembly, the trolley assembly comprising",
78
+ "subcomponents": []
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "component": "a carriage that moves the trolley assembly along the track, the carriage having a center plate; and",
82
+ "subcomponents": []
83
+ },
84
+ {
85
+ "component": "a cam piece coupled to the carriage and pivotable between a normal position and a lacking position, wherein the cam piece includes a locking surface that engages with a surface of the track in the locking position and releases from the surface of the track in the normal position, a bearing surface that contacts the center plate when the cam piece is in the normal position, and a cam catch surface that engages with the stud catch surface when the door is mounted.",
86
+ "subcomponents": []
87
+ }
88
+ ]
89
+ },
90
+ {
91
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
92
+ "preamble": "7. The mounting structure of claim 6 , wherein the stud is an adjustable stud.",
93
+ "components": []
94
+ },
95
+ {
96
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
97
+ "preamble": "8. The mounting structure of claim 6 , wherein the carriage further comprises:",
98
+ "components": [
99
+ {
100
+ "component": "at least one pair of wheels disposed substantially parallel to each other; and",
101
+ "subcomponents": []
102
+ },
103
+ {
104
+ "component": "at least one axle coupled to said at least one pair of wheels and the center plate, wherein the cam piece is pivotable about said at least one axle.",
105
+ "subcomponents": []
106
+ }
107
+ ]
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
111
+ "preamble": "9. The mounting of claim 6 , wherein the carriage further comprises an elastic member that biases the cam piece in the normal position.",
112
+ "components": []
113
+ },
114
+ {
115
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
116
+ "preamble": "10. A movable door mounting assembly, comprising:",
117
+ "components": [
118
+ {
119
+ "component": "a longitudinal track having a top inner surface, at least two side inner surfaces, and at least two side outer surfaces;",
120
+ "subcomponents": []
121
+ },
122
+ {
123
+ "component": "a stud assembly designed to be attached to a door, the stud assembly comprising",
124
+ "subcomponents": [
125
+ "a catch having a stud catch surface; and",
126
+ "a stud that supports the catch and couples the catch to the door; and"
127
+ ]
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "component": "a catch having a stud catch surface; and",
131
+ "subcomponents": []
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "component": "a stud that supports the catch and couples the catch to the door; and",
135
+ "subcomponents": []
136
+ },
137
+ {
138
+ "component": "a trolley assembly that engages with the stud assembly, the trolley assembly comprising",
139
+ "subcomponents": [
140
+ "a carriage that moves the trolley assembly along the track, the carriage having a center plate, at least one pair of wheels disposed substantially parallel to each other and at least one axle coupled to said at least one pair of wheels and the center plate; and"
141
+ ]
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "component": "a carriage that moves the trolley assembly along the track, the carriage having a center plate, at least one pair of wheels disposed substantially parallel to each other and at least one axle coupled to said at least one pair of wheels and the center plate; and",
145
+ "subcomponents": []
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "component": "a cam piece coupled to the carriage and pivotable about said at least one axle between a normal position and a locking position, wherein the cam piece includes a locking surface that engages with a surface of the track in the locking position and releases from the surface of the track in the normal position, a bearing surface that contacts the center plate when the cam piece is in the normal position, and a cam catch surface that catches the stud catch surface when the door is mounted.",
149
+ "subcomponents": []
150
+ }
151
+ ]
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
155
+ "preamble": "11. The movable door mounting assembly of claim 10 , wherein the track comprises a longitudinal guide disposed on at least one side inner surface.",
156
+ "components": []
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
160
+ "preamble": "12. The movable door mounting assembly of claim 10 , wherein the track comprises a groove disposed on at least one side outer surface.",
161
+ "components": []
162
+ },
163
+ {
164
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
165
+ "preamble": "13. The movable door mounting assembly of claim 10 , wherein the track comprises a frictional pattern on at least one of the top inner surface and the side inner surface.",
166
+ "components": []
167
+ },
168
+ {
169
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
170
+ "preamble": "14. The movable door mounting assembly of claim 13 , wherein the frictional pattern is integrally formed into said at least one of the top inner surface and the side inner surface.",
171
+ "components": []
172
+ },
173
+ {
174
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
175
+ "preamble": "15. The movable door mounting assembly of claim 13 , wherein the frictional pattern is formed on a separate piece that is attached to said at least one of the top inner surface and the side inner surface.",
176
+ "components": []
177
+ },
178
+ {
179
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
180
+ "preamble": "16. The movable door mounting assembly of claim 13 , wherein the frictional pattern is at least two longitudinal ribs.",
181
+ "components": []
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
185
+ "preamble": "17. The movable door mounting assembly of claim 10 , wherein the carriage further comprises an elastic member that biases the cam piece in the normal position.",
186
+ "components": []
187
+ }
188
+ ],
189
+ "description": [
190
+ "The present invention relates to movable door installations and more particularly to mounting assemblies for movable door installations.",
191
+ "Movable door mounting structure are used in both sliding door installations and folding door installations. Both installations allow the door to move along a horizontal track mounted at the top of a door opening, with the door being suspended from the track via the mounting assembly. Sliding door installations usually include two separate mounting structures, one at each end of the door, while folding door installations have a hinge connecting an outer door panel with a pivoting door panel and a movable mounting structure attached to the pivoting door panel.",
192
+ "The mounting structure usually includes two cooperating assemblies: a trolley assembly inserted into the horizontal track and studs mounted to the top of the door. When the door is inserted into the door opening, the studs engage with the trolley assembly to suspend the door from the track.",
193
+ "Because the trolley assembly has wheels that roll on the track, a user may have to chase the loose trolley with the stud while positioning the door in the door opening. This problem is aggravated by the bulk of the door, which makes it difficult to align the stud with the moving trolley assembly. Some users solve this problem by securing the trolley to the track with tape before inserting the stud, but removing the tape is difficult once the door is hung in the door opening. As a result, any tape residue on the track or the trolley prevents the trolley from moving smoothly.",
194
+ "There is a desire for a movable door mounting structure that makes it easier to attach a movable door panel into a door opening.",
195
+ "Accordingly, one embodiment of the invention is directed to a movable door mounting assembly that has a mounting structure movably supported on a track disposed in a door opening. A movable door panel is suspended from the track by the mounting structure, which includes a stud assembly and a trolley assembly. The trolley assembly includes a spring-biased cam piece that pivots between a normal position, which allows the trolley assembly to move freely on the track, and a locked position, which causes a locking surface on the cam piece to frictionally engage with a top surface of the track and hold the trolley assembly in place.",
196
+ "The stud assembly includes a catch designed to engage with the cam piece when the mounting assembly is fully assembled. During door mounting, a user pivots the cam piece into the locking position, preventing the trolley assembly from moving while the user inserts the stud assembly. When the door panel is pushed upward to engage the stud assembly with the trolley assembly, the upward movement releases the cam piece from its locked position and, at the same time, positions the catch so that it engages with the cam piece when the door panel is released and allowed to move back downward.",
197
+ "As a result, the invention provides a simple locking structure that makes it easier to connect the trolley assembly with the stud assembly to hang a movable door panel. Further, the automatic releasing feature of the locking structure eliminates the need to remove any components retaining the trolley assembly once the door panel has been hung.",
198
+ "FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a door mounting assembly according to one embodiment of the invention;",
199
+ "FIG. 2 is a section view taken along line 2\u20132\u2032 of the door mounting assembly shown in FIG. 1.",
200
+ "FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of a mounting structure in the door mounting assembly according to one embodiment of the invention;",
201
+ "FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the structure shown in FIG. 3;",
202
+ "FIGS. 5a and 5b are section views taken along line 5\u20135\u2032 of the mounting structure shown in FIG. 3 at different stages of assembly.",
203
+ "FIG. 1 is an example of a twin sliding door installation having a door mounting assembly 100 according to one embodiment of the invention. Note that the door mounting assembly 100 can also be applied to folding doors. In one embodiment, the door mounting assembly 100 includes a track 102 and a mounting structure 104. The mounting structure 104 includes a trolley assembly 106 and a stud assembly 108, allowing a door 110 to be mounted within a door opening. The track 102 is mounted in a doorway opening along a desired travel path for the mounting structure 104. The mounting structure 104 is movable within the track 102, allowing the door 110 to slide and/or pivot. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, two mounting structures 104 are inserted into the track 102 through a gap 112 at the end of the track 102.",
204
+ "FIG. 2 is a section view of the track 102 and the trolley assembly 106 taken along line 2\u20132\u2032 in FIG. 1. In the illustrated embodiment, four wheels 200 are mounted to two parallel axles 202 that are held by a center plate 204. The wheels 200, axles 202 and center plate 204 together form a carriage 205. A cam piece 206 is mounted to at least one of the axles 202 to form the trolley assembly 106. The cam piece 206 is rotatable about the axle 202. Note that the carriage 205 is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 2, but can incorporate any configuration that allows the trolley assembly 106 to move smoothly along the track 102.",
205
+ "The door mounting assembly 100 may incorporate any track 102 structure known in the art. Alternatively, the track 102 may incorporate several features that improve performance of the mounting assembly 100. As shown in FIG. 2, the track 102 may include longitudinal guides 208 that extend along the length of side inner surfaces of the track 102 to guide the trolley wheels 200 and prevent the ends of the axles 202 from scraping against the sides of the track 102. The guides 208 can also increase the rigidity of the track 102. Optional grooves 212 may be formed in the guides 208 so that a track cover 214 can be attached to the side outer surface of the track 102, if desired. Longitudinal ribs 216 may also be formed on an inner surface, such as a top inner surface 218, of the track 102 to provide added friction for the cam piece 206 to hold the trolley assembly 206 in place, as will be described in greater detail below. Other frictional surfaces may be formed or attached to the track instead of the ribs 216 on the inner surface 218 without departing from the scope of the invention. Further, although the embodiment shown in the Figures show the frictional surface on the top inner surface 218 of the track 102, the frictional texture may be disposed on or attached to the side inner surfaces of the track 102 instead of or in addition to the top inner surface 218. Also, the frictional texture may, if desired, be formed in a separate component that is attached to the track 102; this allows the frictional texture to be formed in a material that is different from the track material.",
206
+ "Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the stud assembly 108 is designed to be attached to the door 110 and to couple with the trolley assembly 106. The stud assembly 108 includes a stud head 300 held in a pocket 302 of a door plate 304, which is designed to be attached to the door 110. The door plate 304 may include one or more slots 305 to accommodate screws or other similar attachment structures (not shown) attaching the door plate 304 to the top of the door 110. The stud head 300 supports an adjustable stud 306 via a threaded or other engagement structure, and a movable catch 308 is movably attached to the adjustable stud 306. The catch 308 can move up and down the adjustable stud 306 freely. In one embodiment, the catch 308 extends through a hole 310 in the center plate 204 of the trolley assembly 106 and has a stud catch surface 312 designed to engage with the cam piece 206.",
207
+ "As noted above, the cam piece 206 is rotatable about the axle 202 holding it to the trolley assembly 106. The cam piece 206 also has three cam surfaces: a bearing surface 313, a cam catch surface 314, and a locking surface 315. The cam piece 206 is also biased by a spring 316 placed in a hole 317 in the cam piece 206. A lever portion 318 on the cam piece 206 allows a user to pivot the cam piece 206 with the fingers. If there are no forces applied to the cam piece 206, the spring 316 biases the cam piece 206 so that the bearing surface 313 contacts the center plate 204.",
208
+ "FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate the operation of the inventive door mounting assembly 100 at different stages of engagement. For clarity, the Figures show an assembly 100 having one cam piece 206; however, a preferred embodiment of the invention has two cam pieces 206, one attached to each axle 2002. Initially, the trolley assembly 106 is placed in the track 102 and the lever 318 on the cam piece 206 is squeezed downward against the biasing force of the spring 316 until the locking surface 315 engages with the top inner surface 218 of the track 102. The friction between the locking surface 315 and the track surface 218 immobilizes the trolley assembly 106 on the track 102. If the track surface 218 has longitudinal ribs 216, the ribs 216 help create a better grip between the locking surface 315 on the cam piece and the track surface 218.",
209
+ "Next, as shown in FIG. 5a, the user engages the stud assembly 108 with the trolley assembly 106 by raising the door 110, with the stud assembly 108 attached, so that the catch 308 extends through the hole 310 in the trolley assembly 106. As the door 110, and therefore the stud assembly 108, move upward as shown by arrow A, the stud catch surface 312 moves above the cam catch surface 314. The position and shape of the cam piece 206 allows the catch 308 to move freely past the cam piece 206 while the cam piece 206 is in the locked position. At the same time, the door plate 304 pushes against the lever 318, overcoming the friction force between the locking surface 315 and the track surface 218. The biasing force of the spring 310 allows the cam piece 206 to rotate back to its normal position, when the door 110 is released and allowed to drop down via gravity.",
210
+ "As shown in FIG. 5b, however, the stud catch surface 312 prevents the catch 308 from slipping back out of the hole 310 in the trolley assembly 206 when the door drops. Instead, the stud catch surface 312 engages with the cam catch surface 314 as the stud assembly 108 moves downward, as indicated by arrow B. When the cam piece 206 returns to its normal position, with the bearing surface 313 contacting the center plate 204, the engagement between the stud catch surface 312 and the cam catch surface 314 supports the door 310 as it hangs from the trolley assembly 206. The rotation of the cam piece 206 also disengages locking surface 315 and the track surface 218, automatically releasing the trolley assembly 106 and allowing it to move freely in the track 102. The adjustable stud 306 may be rotated within the catch 308 by the user to fine-tune the door's position.",
211
+ "To remove the door 110, the steps in FIGS. 5a and 5b are simply reversed. Lifting the door 110 while squeezing the lever 318 releases the catch 308 and disengages the cam catch surface 314 away from the stud catch surface 312. Squeezing the lever 318 also locks the trolley assembly 106 on the track 102, holding it in place while the door 110 is being removed. Maintaining the separation between the two surfaces 312, 314 allows the stud assembly 310 to drop out of the trolley assembly 206, releasing the door 110. At the same time, the locking surface 315 engages with the track surface 318, locking the trolley assembly 216 on the track 102.",
212
+ "As a result, the inventive structure makes it easier to align different portions of the door mounting assembly without requiring the user to chase the trolley assembly along the track or tape the trolley assembly to the track. Instead, the invention integrates a trolley locking structure that is easily accessible, simple to manufacture, and that automatically disengages when the door is hung in place. Further, because the inventive door mounting assembly relies on components (e.g., the cam piece 206 an catch 308) having larger bearing surfaces than currently known structures, the invention does not need to rely on expensive high-strength materials to create a reliable mounting assembly.",
213
+ "It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that the method and apparatus within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby."
214
+ ],
215
+ "citations": [
216
+ "3826044",
217
+ "3829929",
218
+ "3925933",
219
+ "3951076",
220
+ "4872287",
221
+ "5647423",
222
+ "6209171",
223
+ "6374456",
224
+ "6463625",
225
+ "6588482",
226
+ "2236134"
227
+ ],
228
+ "us_classification": "16 97",
229
+ "international_classifications": [
230
+ {
231
+ "classification_level": "A",
232
+ "section": "E",
233
+ "classification_class": "05",
234
+ "subclass": "D",
235
+ "main_group": "13",
236
+ "subgroup": "04"
237
+ }
238
+ ]
239
+ }
json_patents/06983513.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Spring balance assembly",
3
+ "abstract": "The present invention provides a balance assembly (",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Pettit"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983513",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Newell Operating Company"
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A balance assembly for a sash window slidable within a master frame, thebalance assembly comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "a plate adapted to be attached to the master frame;",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "a first coil spring and a second coil spring wherein each spring has a coiled portion and a curvilinear free portion; and",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "component": "a shoe having a first slot and a second slot wherein each of the slots has a curved portion, each of the slots having a first end and a second end, wherein each slot is cooperatively dimensioned to receive a respective curvilinear free portion of the first or second coil spring, the shoe adapted to be attached to the sash window.",
27
+ "subcomponents": []
28
+ }
29
+ ]
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
33
+ "preamble": "2. The balance assembly of claim 1 , wherein the curved portion receives the free portion of either the first spring or the second spring.",
34
+ "components": []
35
+ },
36
+ {
37
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
38
+ "preamble": "3. The balance assembly of claim 1 , wherein the curved portion receives an extent of the free portion of the first and second springs.",
39
+ "components": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
43
+ "preamble": "4. The balance assembly of claim 1 wherein the plate has two support members extending from the plate, each support member rotatably supporting one of the springs.",
44
+ "components": []
45
+ },
46
+ {
47
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
48
+ "preamble": "5. The balance assembly of claim 4 wherein each support member has a concave surface that rotatably engages the coiled portion of the spring.",
49
+ "components": []
50
+ },
51
+ {
52
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
53
+ "preamble": "6. The balance assembly of claim 4 wherein the plate includes at least one opening adapted to receive a fastener.",
54
+ "components": []
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
58
+ "preamble": "7. The balance assembly of claim 6 wherein the opening passes through the support member.",
59
+ "components": []
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
63
+ "preamble": "8. The balance assembly of claim 1 , wherein each slot has a first end and a second end, and the curved portion of the slot is in communication with the first end.",
64
+ "components": []
65
+ },
66
+ {
67
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
68
+ "preamble": "9. The balance assembly of claim 8 , wherein the curved portion receives an extent of the free portion of either the first spring or the second spring.",
69
+ "components": []
70
+ },
71
+ {
72
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
73
+ "preamble": "10. The balance assembly of claim 8 , wherein the curved portion receives an extent of the free portion of the first and second springs.",
74
+ "components": []
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
78
+ "preamble": "11. A balance assembly for a sash window slidable within a master frame, the balance assembly comprising:",
79
+ "components": [
80
+ {
81
+ "component": "a coil spring, the spring having a coiled portion and a free portion, the coiled portion adapted to be attached to the master frame, the free portion having a curvilinear configuration; and,",
82
+ "subcomponents": []
83
+ },
84
+ {
85
+ "component": "a shoe having at least one slot having a first curved end and a second end, the slot receiving and retaining the free portion of the spring, the shoe adapted to be attached to the sash window.",
86
+ "subcomponents": []
87
+ }
88
+ ]
89
+ },
90
+ {
91
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
92
+ "preamble": "12. The balance assembly of claim 11 wherein the free portion of the spring is retained in the shoe without a fastener.",
93
+ "components": []
94
+ },
95
+ {
96
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
97
+ "preamble": "13. The balance assembly of claim 11 wherein the first curved end of the slot receives an extent of the free portion of the spring.",
98
+ "components": []
99
+ },
100
+ {
101
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
102
+ "preamble": "14. The balance assembly of claim 11 wherein the free portion of the spring defines a tab that is received by the first curved end of the slot.",
103
+ "components": []
104
+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
107
+ "preamble": "15. The balance assembly of claim 11 , wherein the slot defines a protrusion that engages the free portion of the spring in an assembled position.",
108
+ "components": []
109
+ },
110
+ {
111
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
112
+ "preamble": "16. The balance assembly of claim 11 wherein the shoe has a second slot whereby the free portion can be selectively received in one of the first slot and the second slot.",
113
+ "components": []
114
+ },
115
+ {
116
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
117
+ "preamble": "17. The balance assembly of claim 11 wherein the shoe has a brake to define a brake shoe assembly.",
118
+ "components": []
119
+ },
120
+ {
121
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
122
+ "preamble": "18. The balance assembly of claim 11 further comprising a plate adapted to be attached to the master frame in the channel, wherein the coiled portion of the spring is rotatably supported by the plate.",
123
+ "components": []
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
127
+ "preamble": "19. The balance assembly of claim 18 wherein the plate has a support member extending from the plate to rotatably support the spring.",
128
+ "components": []
129
+ },
130
+ {
131
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
132
+ "preamble": "20. The balance assembly of claim 19 wherein the support member has a concave surface that rotatably engages the coiled portion of the spring.",
133
+ "components": []
134
+ },
135
+ {
136
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00021",
137
+ "preamble": "21. The balance assembly of claim 19 wherein the plate includes at least one opening adapted to receive a fastener.",
138
+ "components": []
139
+ },
140
+ {
141
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00022",
142
+ "preamble": "22. The balance assembly of claim 21 , wherein the opening passes through the support member.",
143
+ "components": []
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00023",
147
+ "preamble": "23. A balance assembly for a sash window slidable within a master frame, the balance assembly comprising:",
148
+ "components": [
149
+ {
150
+ "component": "a first coil spring and a second coil spring wherein each spring has a coiled portion and a free portion, and wherein each free portion has an aperture;",
151
+ "subcomponents": []
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "component": "a shoe having at least one curved slot wherein the slot is cooperatively dimensioned to receive the free portions of the first spring and the second spring, and wherein the shoe is adapted to be attached to the sash window; and,",
155
+ "subcomponents": []
156
+ },
157
+ {
158
+ "component": "a fastener extending through the free portion apertures and an aperture in the shoe to secure the free portions in the curved slot.",
159
+ "subcomponents": []
160
+ }
161
+ ]
162
+ }
163
+ ],
164
+ "description": [
165
+ "The present invention relates to a spring balance assembly for a sash window. More specifically, the present invention relates to a spring balance assembly having a coil spring that is secured to a pivot brake assembly without the use of a fastener.",
166
+ "Sash windows disposed within a master frame are quite common. Generally, the master frame includes a pair of opposed vertical guide rails, an upper horizontal member or header, and a lower horizontal member or base. The guide rails are designed to slidingly guide at least one sash window within the master frame. Double hung sash windows have an upper sash window and a lower sash window. The guide rails of the master frame define an elongated channel. To counterbalance the sash window during movement of the window, a spring balance assembly is affixed to the master frame in the elongated channel and connected to the sash window.",
167
+ "One conventional balance assembly includes a plate, one or more coil springs, and a pivot brake assembly or brake shoe. The plate rotatably supports both coil springs. Each spring has a coiled portion and a free portion. Typically, the free portions of the springs are linear and include an aperture. The pivot brake assembly includes a housing having at least one aperture adapted to receive a fastener. When the conventional spring brake assembly is in the assembled position, the springs are secured to the pivot brake assembly by the fastener. Thus, the free portions of the springs are attached to the housing of the pivot brake assembly by a fastener passing through the aperture in the free portion of the springs and into the aperture of the housing.",
168
+ "Conventional balance assemblies exhibit limitations due to the manner in which the coil springs are connected to the pivot brake assembly. The use of a fastener, including a threaded fastener, requires additional labor and time during assembly of the spring balance. Furthermore, the fastener represents an additional part that increases material costs. In addition, use of the fastener necessitates the extra manufacturing step of forming the aperture in the free portion of the coil spring as well as the corresponding apertures in the housing.",
169
+ "Therefore, there is a tangible need for a spring balance assembly that does not require a fastener to secure the coil spring to the pivot brake assembly, thereby decreasing assembly time and material costs.",
170
+ "The present invention is provided to solve these and other deficiencies.",
171
+ "The present invention relates to a balance assembly for use with a sash window assembly. According to a first aspect of the invention, the balance assembly comprises a plate, a coil spring and a shoe or pivot brake assembly. The coil spring has a coiled portion, an intermediate portion, and a curvilinear free portion. The shoe includes at least one slot with a curved segment that receives the curvilinear free portion of the spring. The plate has a support member that extends from the plate and rotatably supports the coil spring without binding or inhibiting the rotation of the spring. The plate has at least one opening that is adapted to receive a fastener to secure the plate to a master frame of the sash window assembly. Preferably, the opening passes through an extent of the support member. The balance assembly can have a first spring and a second spring wherein the free portion of each spring has a curvilinear configuration with a curved or rolled free end. The free portion of each spring is received by the slots of the pivot brake assembly.",
172
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the pivot brake assembly is operably connected to a lower portion of the sash window. When the pivot brake assembly is coupled to the sash window the balance assembly counterbalances the weight of the sash window wherein the first and second springs exert a generally upward force on the sash window. The pivot brake assembly comprises a housing, a cam, and a brake pad. The housing includes a front wall, a rear wall, a bottom wall, and two sidewalls. The housing has a chamber passing through the front wall and rear wall of the housing. The chamber is adapted to receive the cam. The housing further includes a pair of openings adapted to receive and retain the brake pad. The housing further has a central cavity defined generally between the first and second sidewalls and opposite the bottom wall.",
173
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, the housing of the pivot brake assembly has two slots. Alternatively, the pivot brake assembly includes a single slot. Each slot is positioned between one of the sidewalls and the central cavity. Each slot has a first end terminating within the housing and a generally opposing second end proximate the sidewall. The slots each have a curved portion between the first end and the second end. Preferably, the curved portion is in communication with the first end of the slot. The curved portion of each slot defines a first protrusion. Each slot is adapted to receive at least a portion of the free portion of either or both of the coil springs. Consequently, the slots are cooperatively dimensioned with the free portions of the coil springs.",
174
+ "According to yet another aspect of the invention, when the balance assembly of the present invention is in the assembled position, the first spring is secured to the pivot brake assembly by engagement between the free portion of the first spring and the curved portion of the first slot. Similarly, the second spring is secured to the pivot brake assembly by engagement between the free portion of the second spring and the curved portion of the first slot. Specifically, during assembly, the free portions of both springs are inserted into the first slot through the rear wall of the housing such that at least a portion of the free portions engage the curved portion of the first slot. Thus, both springs are secured to the pivot brake assembly without the use of any fasteners. Although both springs may be installed in the same slot, it is also understood that other configurations are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, both free portions can be installed in either the first slot or the second slot Alternatively, the free portion of the first spring can be installed in the first slot, while the free portion of the second spring can be installed in the second slot. Similarly, the free portion of the first spring can be installed in the second slot, while the free portion of the second spring can be installed in the first slot. The various configurations of the free portions with the slots will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.",
175
+ "The spring balance assembly of the present invention provides a number of significant advantages over conventional balance assemblies. Due to the configuration of the slots and the free portions, the springs are engaged by the pivot brake assembly without the use of any fasteners. As a result, assembly and disassembly of the spring balance assembly can be accomplished significantly faster. Thus, manufacturing times of the window assembly can be reduced since engagement of the springs to the pivot brake assembly involves only sliding the cooperatively dimensioned free portions into the appropriate slot. Consequently, the spring balance assembly of the present invention offers a multitude of cost-savings benefits as well as increased versatility, adjustability, and ease of assembly.",
176
+ "Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following specification taken in conjunction with the following drawings.",
177
+ "FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a spring balance assembly of the present invention, showing the spring balance assembly connected to a partial master frame;",
178
+ "FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the spring balance assembly of FIG. 1;",
179
+ "FIG. 3 is a front elevation of the spring balance assembly of FIG. 1;",
180
+ "FIG. 4 is a rear elevation of the spring balance assembly of FIG. 1;",
181
+ "FIG. 5 is a side elevation of the spring balance assembly of FIG. 1;",
182
+ "FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a spring balance assembly of the present invention, showing the spring balance assembly connected to a partial master frame;",
183
+ "FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the spring balance assembly of FIG. 6;",
184
+ "FIG. 8 is a front elevation of the spring balance assembly of FIG. 6;",
185
+ "FIG. 9 is a rear elevation of the spring balance assembly of FIG. 6;",
186
+ "FIG. 10 is a side elevation of the spring balance assembly of FIG. 6;",
187
+ "FIG. 11A is a front elevation view of the spring balance assembly mounted to a sash window assembly wherein the window assembly is shown in a closed position.",
188
+ "FIG. 11B is a front elevation view of the spring balance assembly mounted to a sash window assembly wherein the window assembly is shown in an open position.",
189
+ "While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail preferred embodiments of the invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the broad aspect of the invention to the embodiments illustrated.",
190
+ "Referring to FIGS. 1, 11A, and 11B, a balance assembly 10 is affixed to a sash window assembly 100. The sash window assembly 100 shown in FIG. 11 is a double-hung window assembly having an upper pivotal sash window 102 and a lower pivotal sash window 104 in a master frame 110. In general terms, the master frame 110 includes a pair of opposed vertical guide rails 112 adapted to slidably guide the sash windows 102, 104. The master frame further includes a footer or lower horizontal element 114. The guide rail 112 defines an elongated channel 116 in which the spring balance assembly 10 is mounted. Typically, the master frame 110 has a set of guide rails 112 for each sash window 102,104 and the balance assembly 10 is mounted to each guide rail 112 to balance the sash window 102, 104.",
191
+ "The sash window 104 has a top rail 118, a base rail 120, and a pair of stiles or side rails 122. A tilt latch 130 is mounted in an upper portion of the top rail 118. The tilt latch 130 has a bolt 132 with a nose portion 134 adapted to extend into the elongated channel 116. The tilt latch 130 has an actuator 136 and a spring (not shown) wherein the actuator 136 is designed to retract the bolt 132 into the housing of the latch 130 against the biasing force of the spring.",
192
+ "As shown in FIGS. 1-5, the balance assembly 10 generally includes a plate 20, a first coil spring 40, a second coil spring 50, and a shoe or pivot brake assembly 60.",
193
+ "In general terms, the plate 20 rotatably supports the first coil spring 40 and the second coil spring 50, while each are coupled to the pivot brake assembly 60. The plate 20 has an outer surface 22, an inner surface 24, and a top wall 26. The plate 20 further has an upper edge 27 and a lower edge 28. The outer surface 22 of the plate 20 extends between the upper edge 27 and the lower edge 28, and faces towards the sash window 104 when the balance assembly 10 is mounted to the guide rail 112 of the master frame 110. The inner surface 24 of the plate 20 extends between the upper edge 27 and the lower edge 28, and faces towards the channel 116 when the balance assembly 10 is mounted to the guide rail 112 of the master frame 110. The top wall 26 extends from the upper edge 27 of the plate 20 and towards an inner surface 117 of the channel 116. The outer surface 22 of the plate 20 has a raised strip 29 which extends along the outer surface 22 between the upper edge 27 and the lower edge 28. The raised strip 29 is adapted to increase the structural rigidity of the plate 20 and balance assembly 10. The strip 29 can include indicia that reflects the size and/or rating of the coil springs 40, 50. The plate 20 has a length, thickness, and width which can be varied depending upon the design parameters of the balance assembly 10.",
194
+ "The inner surface 24 of the plate 20 has a first support member 30 and a second support member 32 wherein each member 30,32 extends generally perpendicular from the inner surface 24. Thus, the support members 30, 32 extend towards the inner surface 117 of the channel 116 when the balance assembly 10 is installed. Preferably, the first member 30 is substantially parallel to the second member 32, and the members 30, 32 are of generally equal length. The second member 32 extends from the inner surface 24 proximate the lower edge 28 of the plate. The first member 30 extends from the inner surface between the upper edge 27 and the lower edge 28 of the plate 20. Each support member 30, 32 rotatably supports one of the coil springs 40, 50 of the balance assembly 10; however, neither support member 30, 32 binds or inhibits the rotation of the springs 40, 50. The first support member 30 has an upper portion 30a and a base portion 30b. The upper portion 30a of the support member 30 has a curvilinear configuration that defines a concave supporting surface 34 (see FIG. 4). The concave support surface 34 of the first member 30 is adapted to contact and rotatably engage the first coil spring 40. The second support member 32 has an upper portion 32a, an intermediate portion 32b, and a base portion 32c which provide the second support member 32 with a stepped or notched appearance. As shown in FIG. 2, the base portion 32c extends beyond the lower edge 28 of the plate 20. The upper portion 32a of the support member 32 has a curvilinear configuration that defines a concave supporting surface 35. Like the support surface 34 of the first member 30, the support surface 35 of the second member 32 is adapted to contact and rotatably support the second coil spring 50. As shown in FIG. 4, the first and second support members 30, 32 are positioned such that each rotatably engages an outer surface of the springs 40, 50. Described in a different manner, the first and second support members 30, 32 are not located within the internal region or spool of the coil springs 40, 50. As a result, the first support member 40 and the second support member 50 are positioned beyond the circumference of the coil springs 40, 50. Preferably, the upper portions 30a, 32a (and the resulting support surfaces 34, 35) have a curvilinear configuration to provide increased support to the springs 40, 50. However, it is understood that the shape of each of the members 30, 32, including the upper portions 30a, 32a can assume different configurations so long as the members 30, 32 rotatably support the two springs 40, 50.",
195
+ "In addition, the plate 20 has two openings 36, 38 which are each adapted to receive a fastener 39. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the openings 36, 38 pass through an extent of the support members 30,32. Preferably, the first opening 36 passes through the base portion 30a of the first member 30 and the second opening 38 passes through an extent of the intermediate and base portions 32b, 32c of the second member 32. However, it is understood that the openings 36,38 can be located elsewhere on the plate 20 without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Thus, the locations of the openings 36, 38 can be varied depending upon the design parameters of the balance assembly 10. Similarly, the plate 20 can feature only one opening 36. A fastener 39 is inserted into one or both of the openings 36, 38 to secure the plate 20 of the balance assembly 10 to the master frame 110 within in the channel 116. An extent of the fastener 39 is received by an aperture 111 in the master frame 110. Note that the guide rail 112 has been omitted from the master frame 110 in FIGS. 1 and 2 for illustrative purposes. The fastener 39 can be a screw, rivet, or any elongated structure capable of securing the balance assembly 10 to the master frame 110.",
196
+ "Referring to FIGS. 2 and 4, the first spring 40 has a terminal end 41, a coiled portion 42, an intermediate portion 43, and a free portion 44. The coiled portion 42 of the first spring 40 forms a spool which is rotatably supported by the first support member 30. The terminal end 41 of first spring 40 is located within the spool formed by the coiled portion 42 of the first spring 42. The free portion 44 of the first spring 40 has a curvilinear configuration with a curved or rolled free end 46. The free portion 44 partially engages a portion of the pivot brake assembly 60. Similarly, the second spring 50 has a terminal end 51, a coiled portion 52, an intermediate portion 53, and a free portion 54. The coiled portion 52 of the second spring 50 forms a spool which is rotatably supported by the second support member 32. The terminal end 51 of the second spring 50 is located within the spool formed by the coiled portion 52 of the second spring 50. The free portion 54 of the second spring 50 has a curvilinear configuration with a curved or rolled free end 56. As detailed below, the free portion 54 partially engages a portion of the pivot brake assembly 60. When viewed in cross-section, the free portions 44, 54 have a \u201cJ-shaped\u201d configuration that defines a tab. It is understood that the free portions 44, 54 can have other curvilinear or angular configurations, such as \u201cL-shaped.\u201d It is further understood that balance assembly 10 can include only the first spring 40 without comprising the operation of the balance assembly 10.",
197
+ "The shoe or pivot brake assembly 60 is operably connected to both the first and second springs 40, 50. In addition, the pivot brake assembly 60 is operably connected to a lower portion of the sash window 104 near the base rail 120. When the pivot brake assembly 60 is coupled to the sash window 104 the balance assembly 10 counterbalances the weight of the sash window 104 wherein the first and second springs 40, 50 exert a generally upward force on the sash window 104 when it is moved between the closed and open positions of FIGS. 11A and 11B. The pivot brake assembly 60 generally includes a housing 62, a cam 92, and a brake pad 96 (see FIG. 4). The housing 62 of the pivot brake assembly 60 receives and supports the cam 92, and the brake pad 96. It is understood that the pivot brake assembly 60 can be a shoe which does not include a brake pad 96 such as for a non-tiltable sash window.",
198
+ "The housing 62 of the pivot brake assembly 60 includes a front wall 64, a rear wall 66, a bottom wall 68, and two sidewalls 70, 72. The front wall 64, rear wall 66, bottom wall 68 and sidewalls 70, 72 cooperate to form the housing 62. As seen in FIG. 2, the housing 62 has a chamber 73 passing through the front wall 64 and rear wall 66 of the housing 62. Preferably the chamber 73 is proximate the bottom wall 68 of the housing 62. The chamber 73 preferably has a generally cylindrical configuration, and is adapted to receive the cam 92. Each of the side walls 70, 72 have a recessed portion 71, 75. The housing further includes a pair of openings 97 adapted to receive and retain the brake pad 96. Each opening 97 passes through the front wall 64 and rear wall 66 of the housing 62. The housing 62 further has a central cavity 74 defined generally between the first and second sidewalls 70, 72, and opposite the bottom wall 68. Thus, the chamber 73 is located between the central cavity 74 and the bottom wall 68.",
199
+ "Preferably, the housing 62 of the pivot brake assembly 60 further includes two slots 76, 84, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. Alternatively, the pivot brake assembly 60 includes a single slot 76. The first slot 76 is positioned between the first sidewall 70 and the central cavity 74, while the second slot 84 is positioned between the second sidewall 72 and the central cavity 74. The first slot 76 has a first end 78 terminating within the housing 62, and a generally opposing second end 80, proximate the first sidewall 70. Also, the first slot 76 has a curved portion 82 between the first end 78 and the second end 80. Preferably, the curved portion 82 of the first slot 76 is in communication with the first end 78 of the first slot 76. The curved portion 82 of the slot 76 defines a first protrusion 83. Similarly, the second slot 84 has a first end 86 terminating within the housing 62, and a generally opposing second end 88 proximate the second sidewall 72. The second slot 84 has a curved portion 90 between the first end 86 and the second end 88. Preferably, the curved portion 90 of the second slot 84 is in communication with the first end 86 of the second slot 84. The curved portion 90 of the slot 84 defines a second protrusion 91. In general terms, each slot 76, 84 is adapted to receive at least a portion of the free portion 44, 54 of either or both coil springs 40, 50. Consequently, the slot 76, 84 is cooperatively dimensioned with the free portion 44, 54 of the coil springs 40, 50. Thus, it is understood that the slots are configured to correspond to the configuration of the free portions 44, 54 of the springs 40, 50.",
200
+ "Additionally, it is preferable that the slots 76, 84 do not pass through the entire housing 62. Thus, as seen in FIG. 4, while both slots 76, 84 are accessible from the rear wall 66, only a portion of the slots 76, 84 are viewable from the front wall 64, as seen in FIG. 3. Described in a different manner, the front wall 64 of the housing 62 covers at least a portion of the slots 76, 84 while the slots 76, 84 are open to the rear wall 66 of the housing. The front wall 64 covering a portion of the slots 76, 84 assists in retaining the free portions 44, 54 of the coil springs 40, 50 when the balance assembly 10 is installed. Alternatively, the front wall 64 does not cover the slots 76, 84 and the slots 76, 84 extend through the housing 62. Consequently, the slots 76, 84 are visible from the front wall 64. Alternatively, the slot 76, 84 is resiliently reclosable whereby there is an interference fit between the slot 76, 84 and the free portion 44, 54. In this manner, there is a \u201csqueezing\u201d of the free portion 44, 54 by the slot 76, 84 to maintain the free portion 44, 54 therein.",
201
+ "The cam 92 is cooperatively dimensioned to be installed in the chamber 73. The cam 92 and chamber 73 are configured so that the cam 92 can pass into the chamber 73 only through the rear wall 66 of the housing 62. Thus, the cam 92 cannot pass into the chamber 73 through the front wall 64 of the housing. Furthermore, the cam 92 and chamber 73 are configured so that the once the cam 92 is installed in the chamber 73, the cam 92 cannot pass out of the front wall 64 of the housing 62. Thus, once installed, the cam 92 can only be removed from the chamber 73 through the rear wall 66 of the housing 62. The cam 92 further includes a receiver 94 in communication with the front wall 64 of the housing 62. The receiver 94 is cooperatively dimensioned to engage a portion of the sash window 104.",
202
+ "The brake pad 96 is adapted to contact and slide along the inner surface 117 of the channel 116 in the master frame 110 providing resistance against uncontrolled sliding of the sash window 104 in the master frame 110. The brake pad 96 includes a pair of fingers 98 extending generally perpendicular therefrom. Each of the fingers 98 is cooperatively dimensioned to be inserted into the openings 97 of the housing 62. The fingers 98 are configured to engage the openings 97 in the housing 62, thereby connecting the brake pad 96 to the housing 62. Furthermore, the fingers 98 are adapted to resist disconnection from the housing 62 once engaged in the openings 97. As discussed above, the brake pad 96 can be omitted thereby causing the pivot brake assembly 60 to referred to as a shoe.",
203
+ "When the balance assembly 10 of the present invention is in the assembled position (see FIGS. 1 and 3-5), the first spring 40 is secured to the pivot brake assembly 60 by engagement between the free portion 44 of the first spring 40 and the curved portion 82 of the first slot 76. Similarly, the second spring is secured to the pivot brake assembly 60 by engagement between the free portion 54 of the second spring 50 and the curved portion 82 of the first slot 76. Specifically, during assembly, the free portions 44, 54 of both springs 40, 50 are inserted into the first slot 76 through the rear wall 66 of the housing 62 such that at least a portion of the free portions 44, 54 engage the protrusion 83. This engagement retains the free portions 44, 54 in the slot 76. Thus, both springs 40, 50 are secured to the pivot brake assembly 60 without the use of any fasteners. Alternatively, the free portion 54 of the second coil spring 50 is inserted into the second slot 84 and engages the second protrusion 91.",
204
+ "In the assembled position, the coiled portion 42 of the first spring 40 engages the support surface 34 of the first member 30 of the plate 20, thereby supporting the coiled portion 42. Similarly, the coiled portion 52 of the second spring 50 engages the support surface 35 of the second member 32 of the plate 20, thereby supporting the coiled portion 52. Thus the springs 40, 50 are supported by the plate 20 in a \u201cstacked\u201d configuration. The plate 20 is attached to master frame 110 of the sash window assembly 100 via fasteners 39 that passes through the openings 36, 38 in the plate 20 and engage corresponding apertures 111 in the master frame 110, such that the springs 40, 50 are located in the channel 116. Thus, the springs 40, 50 are enclosed between the inner surface 24 of the plate 20 and the inner surface 117 of the channel 116. The pivot brake assembly 60 is then attached by engaging the sash window 104 with the receiver 94 of the cam 92.",
205
+ "Although FIGS. 3-5 show the free portions 44, 54 of both springs 40, 50 installed in the same slot 76, it is also understood that other configurations are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the balance assembly 10 may be assembled such that the first spring 40 is secured to the pivot brake assembly 60 by engagement between the free portion 44 of the first spring 40 and the first protrusion 83 of the first slot 76, while the second spring is secured to the pivot brake assembly 60 by engagement between the free portion 54 of the second spring 50 and the second protrusion 91 of the second slot 84. Thus, unlike FIG. 4 where both free portions 44, 54 are installed in the same slot 40, 50, in this embodiment, the free portions 44, 54 are installed in separate slots 40, 50. Specifically, during assembly, the free portion 44, 54 of each spring 40, 50 are inserted into its respective slot 76, 84 through the rear wall 66 of the housing 62 such that at least a portion of the free portion 44, 54 engages the protrusions 83, 91 of the slot 76, 84. A portion of the free portion 44, 54 confronts the curved portion 82, 90 of the slot 76, 84 to retain the free portion 44, 54 in the slot 76, 84. Thus, both springs 40, 50 are secured to the pivot brake assembly 60 without the use of any fasteners. Numerous other configurations exist. For example, both free portions 44, 54 can be installed in either the first slot 76 or the second slot 84. Alternatively, the free portion 44 of the first spring 40 can be installed in the first slot 76, while the free portion 54 of the second spring 50 can be installed in the second slot 84. Similarly, the free portion 44 of the first spring 40 can be installed in the second slot 84, while the free portion 54 of the second spring 50 can be installed in the first slot 76. The various configurations of the free portions 44, 55 with the slots 76, 84 will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.",
206
+ "A second embodiment of a spring brake assembly 210 of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 6-10. As seen therein, the spring brake assembly 210 includes a plate 220, two coil springs 240, 250 and a pivot brake assembly 260. The plate 220 rotatably supports both coil springs 240, 250. Each spring 240, 250 has a terminal end 241, 251, a coiled portion 242, 252, and intermediate portion 243, 253 and a free portion 244, 254. The terminal end 241, 251 of each spring 240, 250 is located within the spool formed by the coiled portion 242, 252. In the second embodiment, the free portions 244,254 of the springs 240,250 have a generally straight configuration, and include an aperture 246, 256. The pivot brake assembly 260 includes a housing 262 having a first sidewall 270 and a second sidewall 272. Each of the sidewalls 270, 272 has a recessed portion 274,275. Each sidewall 270,272 further includes an aperture 276, 278 located in the recessed portion 274, 275. Each aperture 276, 278 is adapted to receive a fastener 280. When the spring brake assembly 210 of the second embodiment is in the assembled position, the springs 240, 250 are secured to the pivot brake assembly 260 by the fasteners 280. Thus, the free portion 244 of the first spring 240 is attached to the housing 262 of the pivot brake assembly 260 by a fastener 280 passing through the aperture 246 in the free portion 244 and into the aperture 276 of the first sidewall 270. Similarly, the free portion 254 of the second spring 250 is attached to the housing 262 of the pivot brake assembly 260 by a fastener 280 passing through the aperture 256 in the free portion 254 and into the aperture 278 of the second sidewall 272. Thus, the pivot brake assembly 260 of the present invention is adapted to receive springs 40, 50 with curved free portions 44, 54 as well as springs with straight free portions 244,254 bearing apertures 276, 278.",
207
+ "When the spring brake assembly 210 of the second embodiment is in the assembled position, the springs 240, 250 are secured to the pivot brake assembly 260 by the fasteners 280. Thus, the free portion 244 of the first spring 240 is attached to the housing 262 of the pivot brake assembly 260 by a fastener 280 passing through the aperture 246 in the free portion 244 and into the aperture 276 of the first sidewall 270. Similarly, the free portion 254 of the second spring 250 is attached to the housing 262 of the pivot brake assembly 260 by a fastener 280 passing through the aperture 256 in the free portion 254 and into the aperture 278 of the second sidewall 272. Thus, the pivot brake assembly 260 of the present invention is adapted to receive springs 40, 50 with curved free portions 44, 54 as well as springs with straight free portions 244, 254 bearing apertures 276, 278.",
208
+ "The balance assembly 10 of the present invention provides a number of significant advantages over conventional balance assemblies. First, due to the configuration of the slots 76, 84 and the free portions 44, 54, the springs 40, 50 are engaged by and secured to the pivot brake assembly 60 without the use of any fasteners. As a result, assembly and disassembly of the balance assembly 10 can be accomplished significantly faster. Thus, manufacturing times of the window can be reduced since engagement of the free portions 44, 54 of the spring 40, 50 to the pivot brake assembly 60 involves only sliding the cooperatively dimensioned free portions 44, 54 into the appropriate slot 76, 84. This configuration also aids with disassembly, for example, during maintenance or repair. An individual need only slide the free portion 44, 54 of the spring 40, 50 out of the slot 76, 84 to disengage the springs 40, 50 from the pivot brake assembly 60. Furthermore, the balance assembly 10 of the present invention offers a number of cost savings. No apertures are required to be machined or otherwise formed in the free portions 44, 54 of the springs 40, 50. Additionally, no fasteners are required to secure the springs 40, 50 to the pivot brake assembly 60. Finally, because the free portion 44, 54 of the spring 40, 50 is free to travel across the width of the slot 76, 84 between the front wall 64 and rear wall 66 of the housing 62, the springs 40, 50 are easily adjustable. Whereas with the conventional spring balance assembly, precise location of the aperture in the spring is required to ensure proper alignment with the aperture in the housing, no such alignment concerns arise when using the balance assembly 10 of the present invention. Consequently, the balance assembly 10 of the present invention offers a multitude of cost-savings benefits as well as increased versatility, adjustability, and ease of assembly.",
209
+ "While the specific embodiments have been illustrated and described, numerous modifications come to mind without significantly departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of protection is only limited by the scope of the accompanying claims."
210
+ ],
211
+ "citations": [
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+ "1226843",
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+ "6474394",
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+ "6523307",
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+ "6553620",
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+ "2004/0006845"
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+ ],
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+ "us_classification": "16197",
271
+ "international_classifications": [
272
+ {
273
+ "classification_level": "A",
274
+ "section": "E",
275
+ "classification_class": "05",
276
+ "subclass": "F",
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+ "main_group": "1",
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+ "subgroup": "00"
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+ }
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+ }
json_patents/06983514.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Pivot hinge with positioning function",
3
+ "abstract": "A pivot hinge for a portable electronic device is disclosed. A base plate with a pivot tube is fixed on the main unit of the portable electronic device, and a locating bracket is fixed on the movable display panel. A shaft is inserted through the pivot tube, exposing the angular section from the other end of the pivot tube. A locking piece, a spring, and a ring are sequentially inserted over the angular section to complete the spring assembly. The interlocking of the tooth and notch enables the movable display panel to be placed in the horizontal direction over the main unit. A middle section of the shaft and the pivot tube are closely mated only when two plain facets respectively formed on the shaft and the pivot tube are matched up in the rotation of the shaft, thus abrasion damage is significantly reduced.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Lu",
6
+ "Lee"
7
+ ],
8
+ "document_number": "06983514",
9
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
10
+ "assignees": [
11
+ "Shin Zu Shing Co., Ltd."
12
+ ],
13
+ "claims": [
14
+ {
15
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
16
+ "preamble": "1. A pivot hinge comprising a base plate (",
17
+ "components": [
18
+ {
19
+ "component": "the base plate (",
20
+ "subcomponents": []
21
+ },
22
+ {
23
+ "component": "the locking piece (",
24
+ "subcomponents": []
25
+ },
26
+ {
27
+ "component": "the shaft (",
28
+ "subcomponents": []
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "component": "the middle section of the shaft (",
32
+ "subcomponents": []
33
+ },
34
+ {
35
+ "component": "the head end of the shaft (",
36
+ "subcomponents": []
37
+ }
38
+ ]
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
42
+ "preamble": "2. The pivot hinge according to claim 1 , wherein a cone shaped spur extends outward from the pivot tube (",
43
+ "components": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
47
+ "preamble": "3. The pivot hinge according to claim 2 , wherein the angular section (",
48
+ "components": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
52
+ "preamble": "4. The pivot hinge according to claim 3 , wherein the pivot hinge further has a locating bracket (",
53
+ "components": []
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
57
+ "preamble": "5. The pivot hinge according to claim 4 , wherein the base plate (",
58
+ "components": []
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
62
+ "preamble": "6. The pivot hinge according to claim 5 , wherein the locating bracket (",
63
+ "components": []
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
67
+ "preamble": "7. The pivot hinge according to claim 1 , wherein the angular section (",
68
+ "components": []
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
72
+ "preamble": "8. The pivot hinge according to claim 7 , wherein the pivot hinge further has a locating bracket (",
73
+ "components": []
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
77
+ "preamble": "9. The pivot hinge according to claim 8 , wherein the base plate (",
78
+ "components": []
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
82
+ "preamble": "10. The pivot hinge according to claim 9 , wherein the locating bracket (",
83
+ "components": []
84
+ }
85
+ ],
86
+ "description": [
87
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
88
+ "The present invention is related to a pivot hinge for portable electronic devices, and more particularly to a pivot hinge with positioning function.",
89
+ "2. Description of Related Art",
90
+ "Nowadays portable electronic devices such as notebook computers, personal translators, personal digital assistants (PDA) are well received by consumers. Notebook computers usually have a liquid crystal display (LCD) housed in a movable display panel, and a keyboard and a processing unit installed in a main unit. The movable display panel is coupled to the main unit by means of a pivotal mechanism, such that the user only has to flip up the movable display panel along the pivot in order to operate the notebook computer, and to flip down the movable display panel in order to close the notebook computer.",
91
+ "Basically, a conventional pivot hinge includes a shaft, a locking piece, and a base plate, where the locking piece has a notch that is used to engage a tooth extending from the base plate when the movable display panel is placed in the horizontal direction over the main unit. The pivot hinge is thus locked with the display panel in the horizontal direction but leaves a predetermined gap between the movable display panel and the main unit to keep the movable display panel from hitting the main unit, thus eliminating unnecessary damage to the LCD display.",
92
+ "However, since the conventional pivot is a circular rod, constant turning of the pivot hinge produces abrasion on the shaft and the base plate over a period of time, so the pivot hinge will eventually break down.",
93
+ "The main object of the present invention is to provide a pivot hinge that employs an interlocking tooth and a notch for positioning the movable display panel in the horizontal direction.",
94
+ "The second object of the invention is to provide a pivot hinge that can significantly reduce abrasion of the shaft against the pivot tube otherwise occurring due to constant turning of the pivot hinge. According to the present design, the pivot tube located on the base plate and the middle section of the shaft, each having a plain facet, will be closely mated only when the two plain facets are matched up in the rotation of the shaft around the tube wall of the pivot tube, that is when the pivot hinge is turned to the locking position.",
95
+ "To this end, the design of the pivot hinge is composed of a base plate, a shaft, a locating bracket, a spring, a ring, and a locking piece.",
96
+ "The base plate has one end fixed on the main unit of the portable electronic device, and a pivot tube attached on another end, where the pivot tube allows the shaft to extend through the hollow center during assembling of the spring, and the pivot tube has a gap on the tube wall.",
97
+ "The pivot tube has a plain facet traversing the tube from end to end, and a tooth extending outward from one end of the tube and falling in line with the plain facet.",
98
+ "The head end of the shaft forms an angular section with a locating block on the extremity, and the bottom end of the shaft forms a circular section also with a locating block on the extremity. The shaft has a plain facet on the surface of the middle section corresponding to the plain facet located on the tube wall of the pivot tube.",
99
+ "The locking piece has an oval hole in the center, and a notch on the perimeter of the flange, where the oval hole allows the head of the shaft to extend through from one end. The notch of the locking piece is to engage the tooth of the pivot tube as the pivot hinge is turned to the locking position.",
100
+ "The locating bracket has an oval hole and several circular holes, where the circular holes are used to fix the bracket on the movable display panel of the portable electronic device, and the oval hole is to secure the bottom end of the shaft using the locating block.",
101
+ "When assembling the spring, the head end of the shaft is to be inserted through the pivot tube, so that the middle section of the shaft is hidden behind the tube wall of the pivot tube, and the angular section, the head end of the shaft, comes out from the other end of the pivot tube. Then, a locking piece, a spring and a ring are sequentially passed over the angular section of the shaft.",
102
+ "When the movable display panel is placed in the horizontal direction over the main unit, the pivot hinge is in the locking position, that means the tooth and the notch are engaged, and the middle section of the shaft and the pivot tube are closely mated as the plain facet of the middle section of the shaft and the plain facet located on the pivot tube are matched up.",
103
+ "The use of the interlocking tooth and notch enables the movable display panel to be placed in the horizontal direction over the main unit, but leaving a predetermined gap between the movable display panel and the main unit, so as to keep the movable display panel from hitting the main unit when the movable display panel is folded down. Each having a plain facet on the surface, the middle section of the shaft and the pivot tube will be closely mated only when the two plain facets are matched up in the rotation of the shaft, thus this can reduce abrasion of the shaft against the pivot tube otherwise occurring due to constant turning and improve the positioning effect.",
104
+ "Other objectives, advantages and novel features of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.",
105
+ "FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;",
106
+ "FIG. 2 is an exploded diagram of the pivotal hinge;",
107
+ "FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the pivotal hinge in the fully open position; and",
108
+ "FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the pivotal hinge in the locking position.",
109
+ "The present invention is illustrated through a preferred embodiment as shown in FIG. 1, in which a pivot hinge, used to couple the movable display panel to the main unit of the portable electronic device, comprises a base plate (10), a shaft (20), a locating bracket (30), a spring (40), a ring (50) and a locking piece (60).",
110
+ "The base plate (10), as shown in FIG. 2, is an L-shaped metal plate, with several locating holes (11) on one end and a pivot tube (12) on the other end. The pivot tube (12) has a gap (121) on the tube wall to form a semi-closed cylinder that allows the head end of the shaft (20) to pass through during assembling of the spring. The pivot tube (12) also has a plain facet (13) on the surface, and a cone-shaped tooth (131) that extends from one end of the pivot tube (12) and is in line with the plain facet (13).",
111
+ "The locking piece (60) has an oval hole (61) in the center, and a notch (62) on the perimeter of the flange corresponding to the position of the tooth (131) extending from one end of the pivot tube (12). The interlocking of the tooth (131) and the notch (62) allows the base plate (10) and the shaft (20) to be engaged when the movable display panel is placed in the horizontal direction.",
112
+ "The bottom end of the shaft (20), as shown in FIG. 2, forms a circular section (21) with a locating block (211) on the extremity, where the diameter of the circular section (21) is equal to or larger than the diameter of the pivot tube (12) on the base plate (10). The head end of the shaft (20) forms an angular section (22) with a locating block (221) on the extremity, which is to be inserted through the pivot tube (12) from end to end and comes out on the other end, exposing the angular section (22) of the shaft (20), and the middle section with a plain facet (23) is completely covered by the pivot tube (12) of the base plate (10). The middle section of the shaft (20) and the pivot tube (12) are closely mated only when the two plain facets (13) (23) are matched up in the rotation of the shaft (20). The diameter of the angular section (22) of the shaft (20) is slightly smaller than the internal diameter of the pivot tube (12) of the base plate (10).",
113
+ "When assembling the spring, the head end of the shaft (20) is inserted in one end of the pivot tube (12) and comes out from the other end exposing the angular section (22). Then, a locking piece (60) is mounted over the angular section (22) of the shaft (20). Then, the spring (40) and the ring (50) are sequentially mounted over the angular section (22) of the shaft (20) to clamp down the spring assembly.",
114
+ "The bottom end of the shaft is a circular section (21) with a locating block (211) at the extremity, which is to be inserted through an oval hole (31) located on the locating bracket (30), and several round locating holes (32) on the other end are used to fix the locating bracket (30) on the movable display panel of the portable electronic device.",
115
+ "In assembling the pivot hinge, as shown in FIG. 2, the head end of the shaft (20) is inserted in one end of the pivot tube (12) and comes out on the other end exposing the angular section (22). The locking piece (60) is then mounted over the angular section (22) through the oval hole (61), and then the spring (40) is inserted over the angular section (22), and finally the ring (50) is inserted over the head of the shaft (20) to clamp down the spring assembly. The bottom end of the shaft with the circular section (21) is secured to the locating bracket (30) by inserting the locating block (211) of the shaft (20) through the oval hole (31). Thereafter, the base plate (10) is fixed on the main unit of the portable electronic device through several locating holes (11), and the locating bracket (30) is fixed on the movable display panel of the portable electronic device through several locating holes (32).",
116
+ "When the movable display panel is flipped upward, as shown in FIG. 3, the locating bracket (30) causes the shaft (20) to rotate in the forward direction, and the locking piece (60) to rotate in step with the shaft (20). Since the tooth (131) is not engaged, the movable display panel is free to be moved to any position. When the movable display panel is folded down, as shown in FIG. 4, the locating bracket (30) causes the shaft (20) to rotate in the reverse direction, followed by the locking piece (60) to rotate in step, until the tooth (131) is engaged in the notch (62), so that the movable display panel can be placed in the horizontal direction over the main unit without damaging the display panel. The middle section of the shaft (20) and the pivot tube (12) of the base plate (10) are closely mated only when the two plain facets (13) (23) are matched up in the rotation of the shaft (20), without causing abrasion damage to the shaft (20) and the pivot tube (12) due to constant turning of the pivot hinge.",
117
+ "It is to be understood, however, that even though numerous characteristics and advantages of the present invention have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of the invention, the disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of parts within the principles of the invention to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed."
118
+ ],
119
+ "citations": [
120
+ "4845809",
121
+ "5022778",
122
+ "5632066",
123
+ "5923751",
124
+ "6163928",
125
+ "6230365",
126
+ "6321416",
127
+ "6393662",
128
+ "6470532",
129
+ "6584646",
130
+ "6748625",
131
+ "6757940",
132
+ "2005/0155183",
133
+ "06159347"
134
+ ],
135
+ "us_classification": "16342",
136
+ "international_classifications": [
137
+ {
138
+ "classification_level": "A",
139
+ "section": "E",
140
+ "classification_class": "05",
141
+ "subclass": "C",
142
+ "main_group": "17",
143
+ "subgroup": "64"
144
+ }
145
+ ]
146
+ }
json_patents/06983515.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Device for perpendicular stratification of planary fibrous shapes",
3
+ "abstract": "A device for perpendicular stratification of planary fibrous shapes, above all of fibrous web, comprising two synchronously moving elements, connected with the driving mechanism according to the invention consists in that the reciprocating moving elements are connected with their driving mechanism indirectly by the intermediary of at least one robust shaft rigidly fitted in bearings in a rigid framework of the machine, while one element is connected with the shaft rigidly or over flexible joints, and a second element is coupled by means of flexible joints with the same shaft or with another shaft. The driving mechanism can consist of one driving shaft with two crank assemblies arranged with a phase shift to one another. The flexible joints consist of flat steel springs with a width-to-thickness ratio more than 10.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Jirs\u00e1k",
6
+ "Hanu{hacek over (s)}",
7
+ "Kotek",
8
+ "Sanetrn\u00edk",
9
+ "Kr{hacek over (c)}ma"
10
+ ],
11
+ "document_number": "06983515",
12
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
13
+ "assignees": [],
14
+ "claims": [
15
+ {
16
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
17
+ "preamble": "1. A device for perpendicular stratification of planary fibrous shapes, especially a fibrous web, with two elements making synchronous and reciprocating motions and connected with a driving mechanism, wherein the elements exerting a reciprocating motion are connected with the driving mechanism indirectly over at least one robust shaft rigidly fitted in bearings in a rigid framework of the device, while one element is coupled to the shaft rigidly or over flexible joints, and a second element is coupled by flexible joints with the same shaft or with another shaft.",
18
+ "components": []
19
+ },
20
+ {
21
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
22
+ "preamble": "2. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the driving mechanism consists of one driving shaft with two crank assemblies arranged with a phase shift to each other.",
23
+ "components": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
27
+ "preamble": "3. A device according to claim 1 wherein the flexible joints consist of flat steel springs with width-to-thickness ratio of more than 10.",
28
+ "components": []
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
32
+ "preamble": "4. A device for a perpendicular stratification of planary fibrous shapes, especially a fibrous web, comprising:",
33
+ "components": [
34
+ {
35
+ "component": "first and second elements making synchronous and reciprocating motions;",
36
+ "subcomponents": []
37
+ },
38
+ {
39
+ "component": "a driving mechanism comprising a rotating shaft comprising a first crank assembly;",
40
+ "subcomponents": []
41
+ },
42
+ {
43
+ "component": "a first reciprocating shaft, said first reciprocating shaft being connected to said rotating shaft through said first crank assembly, said first element being coupled with the driving mechanism through said first reciprocating shaft;",
44
+ "subcomponents": []
45
+ },
46
+ {
47
+ "component": "said second element being coupled with the driving mechanism.",
48
+ "subcomponents": []
49
+ }
50
+ ]
51
+ },
52
+ {
53
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
54
+ "preamble": "5. A device according to claim 4 wherein said first element is rigidly coupled to said first reciprocating shaft.",
55
+ "components": []
56
+ },
57
+ {
58
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
59
+ "preamble": "6. A device according to claim 5 wherein said second element is coupled to said first reciprocating shaft through a first flexible joint.",
60
+ "components": []
61
+ },
62
+ {
63
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
64
+ "preamble": "7. A device according to claim 5 , further comprising a second reciprocating shaft, said second element being coupled to said second reciprocating shaft through a first flexible joint, said second reciprocating shaft being connected to said rotating shaft.",
65
+ "components": []
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
69
+ "preamble": "8. A device according to claim 7 , said rotating shaft further comprising a second crank assembly, said second reciprocating shaft being connected to said rotating shaft through said second crank assembly.",
70
+ "components": []
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
74
+ "preamble": "9. A device according to claim 8 wherein said first and second crank assemblies are arranged with a phase shift relative to each other.",
75
+ "components": []
76
+ },
77
+ {
78
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
79
+ "preamble": "10. A device according to claim 9 wherein said first element is coupled to said first reciprocating shaft through a second flexible joint.",
80
+ "components": []
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
84
+ "preamble": "11. A device according to claim 9 wherein said first and second flexible joints each comprises at least one flat steel spring having a width-to-thickness ratio of more than 10.",
85
+ "components": []
86
+ },
87
+ {
88
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
89
+ "preamble": "12. A device according to claim 7 wherein said first element is coupled to said first reciprocating shaft through a second flexible joint.",
90
+ "components": []
91
+ }
92
+ ],
93
+ "description": [
94
+ "The scope of the patent is a device for production of voluminous shapes by perpendicular stratification of planary fibrous shapes, above all of fibrous web from a carding machine.",
95
+ "For the production of webbing from a web as obtained from machines with carding effect substatially three basic principles are known and used, based on parallel, cross or perpendicular web stratification. The method of the fibrous layer preparation and the related fibre orientation in the layer has a deciding importance for the product properties. In the case of voluminous products, which are exposed in their application to a single, repeated or longlasting stress, the best properties are obtained by preparing the fibrous layer by perpendicular stratification of the web. Under most variable conditions such products best retain their functional properties, especially as fillers or thermal insulants.",
96
+ "Several types of equipment working on rotational or vibration principle are known in the production of a fibrous layer composed of fibres laid substantially perpendicularly to the product plane.",
97
+ "Perpendicular laying devices on rotational principle form the web by means of various types of rotating elements such as gear wheels, cylinders with pins or rotating disks with specially shaped indents between which the web is fed. A merit of such systems protected e.g. by CZ AO 273997 is their high performance and a wide range of perpendicularly laid produced webbing. A limitation is their limited possibility of controlling the fibre position at various specific densities of the web, and a heterogenous structure of product surface. A deviation of fibre orientation from a perpendicular orientation to the layer surface makes the compressing resistance of the product decline. Rotating elements of the laying device such as e.g. a system of wires, formed disks or indentations produce a row-like structure, connected with an irregular density of fibre distribution in the product area.",
98
+ "Vibration laying devices work on the principle of shaping the fed web by a forming batten with an eventual upholding of shaped plaits by a thrust batten. The machines working on this principle are known in various arrangements, and are mostly adapted to the requirements on the product properties. So e.g. according to the U.S. Pat. No. 2,638,960 a device consists of a horizontally vibrating cheek which in compressed condition feeds the web or a yarn system onto a base layer and in the back position the thrust batten presses the material in the form of a loop to the base layer with an adhesive.",
99
+ "According to CZ P 37 619 the web fed horizontally is bent by vertically situated battens from upside and from downside. The web fibres are attached from upside as well as from downside to the base layers. CZ P 56 029 describes a device in vertical arrangement, in which the fed web is plaited between a pair of conveyor belts by a pair of battens rocking in reciprocating movements against each other. By attachement of adhesive-coated base layer fabrics fed from both sides a configuration resembling a double plush is formed. A kind of modification thereof is a device described in CZ P 87 556, in which the web fed from upside is taken over and deposited on an adhesive-coated fabric by a pair of alternately working battens in the form of a doffer comb. According to CZ AO 235494 the web from the carding machine is formed on the base directly on the doffing point at the outlet drum of the carder. In this method the positions of the formed plaits are not fixed, so that the product can hardly be transferred to the equipment for chemical or mechanical stiffening. All described mechanisms require to attach the perpendicularly shaped webbing to the base fabric by an adhesive immediately when forming individual plaits, otherwise the structure shaped here is unstable and does not permit to apply known methods of mechanical or adhesion stiffening.",
100
+ "A certain progress in this trend was brought in a device according to CZ AO 269 300 and the related Patent Application PV 1819-92. The web fed to the device from upside is formed in plaits by a vibrating fly comb and individual plaits are pressed to a fibrous layer built up between a conveyor belt and a grid by a synchronously vibrating batten.",
101
+ "The driving mechanism of the shaping elements which must exert a highly demanding and accurate motion, is solved according to PV 1819-92 by a four-joint assembly featuring two groups of tie-rods driving the two vibrating elements the fly comb and the batten. The light functional vibrating elements proper are directly connected to assemblies converting a circular motion to a reciprocating motion. A high stress of the assemblies converting the circular motion to a recirpocating motion generates shock forces and causes a vibration of working elements (fly comb, batten). Both shafts are interconnected by sets of three gear-wheels. Though the mechanism provides for a synchronous drive of both working elements, it permits, however, owing to a complicated setup and a considerable mass of the equipment, even in a carefully balanced condition an oscillation frequency merely up to 600 cycles per minute. Such capacity is far from satisfying the needs of modern carding machines, with which the laying device is incorporated into the production line. Said heavy mass of individual components according to this concept leads in a continuous uninterrupted operation to an accelerated wear of the gear-wheels, pins and bearings and consequently to a shorter life expectancy of the machine. With continuing operation time the noise level is gradually increased and the product becomes less uniform. Another consequence thereof is an uneven shaping of individual web plaits with an increasing frequency.",
102
+ "The vibrating elements must be coupled together with the prime mover by a number of joints, the distance from each other depending on the machine frequency required and on the bending rigidity of working elements. Any frequency increase requires therefore an increase in the number of joints and consequently of gear-wheels or of the mass of vibrating elements. Both said possibilities result in an increased overall mass of moving parts of the machine and make any further increase of the working frequency impossible.",
103
+ "The limitations mentioned above are remedied by a device for perpendicular stratification of planary fibrous shapes with two synchronously vibrating elements according to the invention. The vibrating elements are connected with the driving member indirectly by the intermediary of one or two robust shafts, rigidly fitted in bearings in a rigid machine framework. The vibrating elements are connected with the shaft(s) directly or by means of a set of flexible joints in sliding fitting The flexible joints can consist of flat steel springs with a width-to-thickness ration higher than 10, but also of tie rods, having sliding fitting and flexible knuckle joints. The flexible joints with sliding fitting permit to convert a circular motion of the driving prime mover and of the massive shaft into a linear reciprocating motion of vibrating elements.",
104
+ "The mechanism can comprise a driving shaft with two crank assemblies fitted with a phase shift between each other. The shafts are driven by the driving mechanism synchronously so that they make a reciprocating motion around their longitudinal axes. Owing to its large diameter and high rigidity, the shaft (possibly a tube) transmitting a reciprocating motion, does not vibrate under the influence of the forces transmitted onto it by the driving mechanism. Thus the shaft transmits to the working element a motion which is evenly distributed along its whole width without generating any unwanted vibration. The merit of the device is in that it prevents any vibration of working elements even at the necessary high operating speed owing to the connection of said elements with rigidly seated shafts by means of a set of resilient joints, own mass of which is substatially smaller as compared with known transmission members. Such device is able to work at a frevency of 2000 cycles per minute. This is a frequency, permitting to process fibrous web with a speed corresponding to the speed of modern carding machines.",
105
+ "Other advantages of the device according to the invention are a high life expectancy at a minimum maintenance demand, a minimum of rotating parts, on which any fibres or web can be wound-on, an easy setting of back position of vibrating elements when adjusting the machine for processing various types of goods directly on the shaft tie-rods, a possibility of easy changing the amplitude of vibrating elements directly on the driving mechanism.",
106
+ "Seting of the phase shift for the vibration motion of the functional members is necessary for a safe web doffing from the doffer comb working edge. This enables an accurate plait shaping, which is a must for obtaining a smooth surface and an even product density.",
107
+ "FIG. 1 shows schematically a device for perpendicular stratification of planary fibrous shapes with one single shaft.",
108
+ "FIG. 2 shows schematically a device for perpendicular stratification of planary fibrous shapes with two shafts and one vibrating element in sliding fitting and a second vibrating element in rigid fitting.",
109
+ "FIG. 2a shows schematically a driving mechanism.",
110
+ "FIG. 3 shows schematically a device for perependicular stratification of planary fibrous shapes with two shafts and vibrating elements in sliding fitting.",
111
+ "A device shown in FIG. 1 serves for processing of a fibrous layer, e.g. fibrous web coming from a carding machine. It consists of two vibrating elements 1 and 2 for perpendicular stratification of web. Said elements 1 and 2 are connected over a shaft 4 and connecting rod 10 with knuckle joint 11 and a driving mechanism 3. The shaft 4 makes a rotating and reciprocating motion along its longitudinal axis. The shaft 4 is a robust tube having an outer diameter 701 mm and is rigidly fitted in bearings in a rigid framework of the machine. The vibrating element 1 is rigidly connected with the shaft 4, the element 2 is joined by means of tie-rods 7 with sliding fitting and flexible knuckle joints.",
112
+ "The vibrating element 2 takes over the fibrous web by means of a set of needles from the element 1 and shapes a plait, which is then pressed to the fibrous layer on the conveyor belt.",
113
+ "The device is suitable for the production of a fibrous layer in which the fibres are oriented predominantly perpendicular towards the fabric plane.",
114
+ "A device shown in FIG. 2 consists of two vibrating elements 1 and 2 as in FIG. 1 The element 1 is connected with a driving mechanism 3 over a shaft 4 and the element 2 over a shaft 5 by means of tie-rods 7 with sliding fitting and flexible knuckle joints. The driving mechanism 3 shown in FIG. 2a consists of a driving shaft 8 with two crank shafts 9. The crank shafts are set up to allow advanced phase movement of one of vibrating elements.",
115
+ "In comparison with Example 1, due to the advanced phase movement of vibrating element 2, the processed fiber layer is better taken off the vibrating element 1. Therefore the folds are more regular and the fabric of smooth surface is produced.",
116
+ "A device in FIG. 3 consists of the same elements as in Example 2, both the vibrating elements 1 and 2 are linked with shafts 4 and 5 by means of tie-rods 6 and 7 with sliding fitting and flexible knuckle joints.",
117
+ "The advantage of the device is the straight-lined movement of both vibrating elements 1 and 2 which does not cause air turbulence and vibrations of the fed in carded web. It leads to improved regularity of final fabric.",
118
+ "A device as in Example 3, the flexible knuckle joints 6 and 7 are replaced with steel springs. Due to this the mass of links and dynamic loading of driving mechanism is reduced and the life of device improved.",
119
+ "Utilization of the Device",
120
+ "The device for perpendicular stratification of planary fibrous shapes is utilizable namely in the textile industry."
121
+ ],
122
+ "citations": [
123
+ "2638959",
124
+ "2638960",
125
+ "3010508",
126
+ "5110397",
127
+ "37 619",
128
+ "37 619",
129
+ "56 029",
130
+ "56 029",
131
+ "87 556",
132
+ "87 556",
133
+ "1819-92",
134
+ "1819-92",
135
+ "235494",
136
+ "235494",
137
+ "269300",
138
+ "269300",
139
+ "273997",
140
+ "273997"
141
+ ],
142
+ "us_classification": "19115R",
143
+ "international_classifications": [
144
+ {
145
+ "classification_level": "A",
146
+ "section": "D",
147
+ "classification_class": "01",
148
+ "subclass": "G",
149
+ "main_group": "19",
150
+ "subgroup": "00"
151
+ }
152
+ ]
153
+ }
json_patents/06983516.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Spinning preparation machine",
3
+ "abstract": "Different improvements of a spinning preparation machine are proposed to measure the fiber sliver thickness or the fiber sliver cross-section of at least one fiber sliver by means of one or several microwave sensors. One improvement is characterized by compressing means and special mechanical guiding elements that can be installed before, after and/or in the microwave sensor. It is also proposed to install a pair of conveyor rollers after a microwave sensor that can be designed in particular as an input roller pair of the subsequent drafting equipment. Furthermore, proposals are made for the calibration of the (at least one) microwave sensor.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "D\u00e4mmig",
6
+ "Ueding",
7
+ "Cherif"
8
+ ],
9
+ "document_number": "06983516",
10
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
11
+ "assignees": [
12
+ "Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau AG"
13
+ ],
14
+ "claims": [
15
+ {
16
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
17
+ "preamble": "1. A spinning preparation machine with autoleveling drafting equipment for drafting at least one fiber sliver, said spinning preparation machine including:",
18
+ "components": [
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "a microwave sensor through which said fiber sliver passes to measure fiber sliver thickness, said microwave sensor carried within said spinning preparation machine proximal to at least one of an input of said drafting equipment or an output of said drafting equipment; and",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "component": "a compressing element positioned proximal to said microwave sensor, said compressing element compressing said fiber sliver to obtain a homogenous distribution of said fiber sliver passing through said microwave sensor.",
25
+ "subcomponents": []
26
+ }
27
+ ]
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
31
+ "preamble": "2. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 1 , wherein said compressing element is a mechanical guide.",
32
+ "components": []
33
+ },
34
+ {
35
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
36
+ "preamble": "3. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 2 , wherein said mechanical guide is disposed within said microwave sensor.",
37
+ "components": []
38
+ },
39
+ {
40
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
41
+ "preamble": "4. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 3 , wherein said mechanical guide has horizontal rounded edges which are rounded in the direction of fiber sliver movement at least at the input of said microwave sensor.",
42
+ "components": []
43
+ },
44
+ {
45
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
46
+ "preamble": "5. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 2 , wherein said mechanical guide includes an electrically non-conductive material.",
47
+ "components": []
48
+ },
49
+ {
50
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
51
+ "preamble": "6. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 5 , wherein said electrically non-conductive material is ceramic.",
52
+ "components": []
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
56
+ "preamble": "7. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 2 , wherein said mechanical guide is positioned directly before said microwave sensor.",
57
+ "components": []
58
+ },
59
+ {
60
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
61
+ "preamble": "8. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 2 , wherein said mechanical guide is positioned directly after said microwave sensor.",
62
+ "components": []
63
+ },
64
+ {
65
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
66
+ "preamble": "9. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 2 , wherein said mechanical guide is positioned directly before and after said microwave sensor.",
67
+ "components": []
68
+ },
69
+ {
70
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
71
+ "preamble": "10. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 2 , wherein said mechanical guide is adjustable to change the passage width for said fiber sliver.",
72
+ "components": []
73
+ },
74
+ {
75
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
76
+ "preamble": "11. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 1 , further including a sliver guide arrangement positioned before said microwave sensor.",
77
+ "components": []
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
81
+ "preamble": "12. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 1 , further including a sliver guide arrangement positioned after said microwave sensor.",
82
+ "components": []
83
+ },
84
+ {
85
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
86
+ "preamble": "13. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 1 , further including a roller pair of said drafting equipment disposed within said spinning preparation machine downstream in the direction of said fiber sliver movement from said microwave sensor.",
87
+ "components": []
88
+ },
89
+ {
90
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
91
+ "preamble": "14. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 13 , wherein said roller pair is an input roller pair of said drafting equipment.",
92
+ "components": []
93
+ },
94
+ {
95
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
96
+ "preamble": "15. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 14 , wherein said microwave sensor is located in a preliminary drafting field of said drafting equipment proximal to said input roller pair.",
97
+ "components": []
98
+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
101
+ "preamble": "16. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 15 , wherein said input roller pair conveys said fiber sliver through said microwave sensor.",
102
+ "components": []
103
+ },
104
+ {
105
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
106
+ "preamble": "17. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 16 , wherein the distance between said microwave sensor and said input roller pair is less than the median staple length of fibers within said fiber sliver being drafted.",
107
+ "components": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
111
+ "preamble": "18. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 1 , wherein said microwave sensor is located in a main drafting field of the drafting equipment.",
112
+ "components": []
113
+ },
114
+ {
115
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
116
+ "preamble": "19. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 1 , further including a compressed air nozzle positioned before said microwave sensor in the direction of said fiber sliver movement directing air through said microwave sensor.",
117
+ "components": []
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
121
+ "preamble": "20. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 1 , further including an evaluation unit in communication with said microwave sensor, said evaluation unit receiving measured results from said connected microwave sensor.",
122
+ "components": []
123
+ },
124
+ {
125
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00021",
126
+ "preamble": "21. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 20 , comprising a first microwave sensor before said input of said drafting equipment and a second microwave sensor after said output of said drafting equipment, and said evaluation unit connected to each of said microwave sensors whereby said evaluation unit sends measured results from said first and second microwave sensors to a control unit to correlate such measured results.",
127
+ "components": []
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00022",
131
+ "preamble": "22. A spinning preparation machine with autoleveling drafting equipment for drafting at least one fiber sliver, said spinning preparation machine including:",
132
+ "components": [
133
+ {
134
+ "component": "a microwave sensor for measuring fiber sliver thickness, said microwave sensor carried within said spinning preparation machine proximal to at least one of an input of said drafting equipment or an output of said drafting equipment;",
135
+ "subcomponents": []
136
+ },
137
+ {
138
+ "component": "said microwave sensor including a resonator through which said fiber sliver passes, said resonator generating characteristic resonator values to aid said microwave sensor in measuring said fiber sliver thickness; and",
139
+ "subcomponents": []
140
+ },
141
+ {
142
+ "component": "a cleaning device carried within said spinning preparation machine and proximal to said microwave sensor, said cleaning device cleaning said microwave sensor, including said resonator, upon occurrence of at least one of regular intervals, a limit value of characteristic resonator values being exceeded or a predetermined film thickness of dirt or smudging that accumulates on said resonator being exceeded.",
143
+ "subcomponents": []
144
+ }
145
+ ]
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00023",
149
+ "preamble": "23. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 22 , further including a control unit carried within said spinning preparation machine and in communication with said microwave sensor and said cleaning device.",
150
+ "components": []
151
+ },
152
+ {
153
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00024",
154
+ "preamble": "24. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 22 , wherein said cleaning device is a compressed air nozzle.",
155
+ "components": []
156
+ },
157
+ {
158
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00025",
159
+ "preamble": "25. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 22 , further including an evaluation unit carried within said spinning preparation machine and in communication with said microwave sensor and said cleaning device, said evaluation unit evaluating the characteristic resonator values when said resonator is in an empty state either before or after a cleaning of said sensor to determine a degree of pollution on said resonator.",
160
+ "components": []
161
+ },
162
+ {
163
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00026",
164
+ "preamble": "26. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 25 , wherein said evaluation unit evaluates the characteristic resonator values when said resonator is in an empty state both before and after a cleaning of said sensor to determine the degree of pollution on said resonator.",
165
+ "components": []
166
+ },
167
+ {
168
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00027",
169
+ "preamble": "27. A spinning preparation machine with autoleveling drafting equipment for drafting at least one fiber sliver, said spinning preparation machine including:",
170
+ "components": [
171
+ {
172
+ "component": "a microwave sensor for measuring fiber sliver thickness, said microwave sensor carried within said spinning preparation machine proximal to at least one of an input of said drafting equipment or an output of said drafting equipment;",
173
+ "subcomponents": []
174
+ },
175
+ {
176
+ "component": "said microwave sensor including a resonator through which said fiber sliver passes, said resonator generating characteristic resonator values to aid said microwave sensor in measuring said fiber sliver thickness;",
177
+ "subcomponents": []
178
+ },
179
+ {
180
+ "component": "a cleaning device carried within said spinning preparation machine and proximal to said microwave sensor, said cleaning device cleaning said microwave sensor at regular intervals;",
181
+ "subcomponents": []
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "component": "a control unit carried within said spinning preparation machine and in communication with said microwave sensor and said cleaning device; and",
185
+ "subcomponents": []
186
+ },
187
+ {
188
+ "component": "wherein said control unit switches off the machine when said characteristic resonator values exceed limit values designating degrees of pollution.",
189
+ "subcomponents": []
190
+ }
191
+ ]
192
+ },
193
+ {
194
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00028",
195
+ "preamble": "28. A spinning preparation machine with autoleveling drafting equipment for drafting at least one fiber sliver, said spinning preparation machine including:",
196
+ "components": [
197
+ {
198
+ "component": "a microwave sensor for measuring fiber sliver thickness, said microwave sensor carried within said spinning preparation machine proximal to at least one of an input of said drafting equipment or an output of said drafting equipment;",
199
+ "subcomponents": []
200
+ },
201
+ {
202
+ "component": "said microwave sensor including a resonator through which said fiber sliver passes, said resonator generating characteristic resonator values to aid said microwave sensor in measuring said fiber sliver thickness;",
203
+ "subcomponents": []
204
+ },
205
+ {
206
+ "component": "a cleaning device carried within said spinning preparation machine and proximal to said microwave sensor, said cleaning device cleaning said microwave sensor at regular intervals;",
207
+ "subcomponents": []
208
+ },
209
+ {
210
+ "component": "a control unit carried within said spinning preparation machine and in communication with said microwave sensor and said cleaning device; and",
211
+ "subcomponents": []
212
+ },
213
+ {
214
+ "component": "wherein said control unit activates said cleaning device when cans that collect drafted fiber sliver exiting said drafting equipment are replaced.",
215
+ "subcomponents": []
216
+ }
217
+ ]
218
+ },
219
+ {
220
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00029",
221
+ "preamble": "29. A spinning preparation machine with autoleveling drafting equipment for drafting at least one fiber sliver, said spinning preparation machine including:",
222
+ "components": [
223
+ {
224
+ "component": "an input roller pair being an initial roller pair for said drafting equipment through which said fiber sliver passes;",
225
+ "subcomponents": []
226
+ },
227
+ {
228
+ "component": "an output roller pair located downstream in the direction of said fiber sliver movement from said input roller pair, said output roller pair being the last roller pair of said drafting equipment;",
229
+ "subcomponents": []
230
+ },
231
+ {
232
+ "component": "a fleece nozzle located downstream in the direction of said fiber sliver movement from said output roller pair, said fleece nozzle compressing said drafted fiber sliver as said drafted fiber sliver exits said drafting equipment;",
233
+ "subcomponents": []
234
+ },
235
+ {
236
+ "component": "a calendar roller pair located downstream in the direction of said fiber sliver movement from said fleece nozzle, said calendar roller pair further compressing and transporting said drafted fiber sliver;",
237
+ "subcomponents": []
238
+ },
239
+ {
240
+ "component": "a rotary plate located downstream in the direction of said fiber sliver movement from said calendar roller pair, said rotary plate having a sliver channel which receives said drafted fiber sliver from said calendar roller pair and deposits said drafted fiber sliver into a can; and",
241
+ "subcomponents": []
242
+ },
243
+ {
244
+ "component": "a microwave sensor through which said fiber sliver passes to measure fiber sliver thickness, said microwave sensor carried within said spinning preparation machine proximal to at least one of said fleece nozzle or said calendar roller pair.",
245
+ "subcomponents": []
246
+ }
247
+ ]
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00030",
251
+ "preamble": "30. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 29 , wherein said microwave sensor is configured as a component of said fleece nozzle.",
252
+ "components": []
253
+ },
254
+ {
255
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00031",
256
+ "preamble": "31. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 29 , wherein said fleece nozzle is integrated into said microwave sensor.",
257
+ "components": []
258
+ },
259
+ {
260
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00032",
261
+ "preamble": "32. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 29 , wherein said microwave sensor is located between said output roller pair and said fleece nozzle.",
262
+ "components": []
263
+ },
264
+ {
265
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00033",
266
+ "preamble": "33. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 29 , wherein said microwave sensor is located between said fleece nozzle and said calendar roller pair.",
267
+ "components": []
268
+ },
269
+ {
270
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00034",
271
+ "preamble": "34. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 29 , wherein said microwave sensor is located between said calendar roller pair and said rotary plate.",
272
+ "components": []
273
+ },
274
+ {
275
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00035",
276
+ "preamble": "35. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 29 , further including a compressed air nozzle positioned before said microwave sensor directing air through said microwave sensor.",
277
+ "components": []
278
+ },
279
+ {
280
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00036",
281
+ "preamble": "36. A spinning preparation machine with autoleveling drafting equipment for drafting at least one fiber sliver, said spinning preparation machine including:",
282
+ "components": [
283
+ {
284
+ "component": "a microwave sensor for measuring fiber sliver thickness, said microwave sensor carried within said spinning preparation machine proximal to at least one of an input of said drafting equipment or an output of said drafting equipment;",
285
+ "subcomponents": []
286
+ },
287
+ {
288
+ "component": "said microwave sensor including a resonator through which said fiber sliver passes, said resonator generating characteristic resonator values to aid said microwave sensor in measuring said fiber sliver thickness; and",
289
+ "subcomponents": []
290
+ },
291
+ {
292
+ "component": "a threading device positioned proximal to said microwave sensor, said threading device threading said fiber sliver through said resonator of said microwave sensor.",
293
+ "subcomponents": []
294
+ }
295
+ ]
296
+ },
297
+ {
298
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00037",
299
+ "preamble": "37. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 36 , wherein said threading device comprises a compressed air nozzle.",
300
+ "components": []
301
+ },
302
+ {
303
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00038",
304
+ "preamble": "38. A spinning preparation machine with autoleveling drafting equipment for drafting at least one fiber sliver, said spinning preparation machine including:",
305
+ "components": [
306
+ {
307
+ "component": "a microwave sensor for measuring fiber sliver thickness, said microwave sensor carried within said spinning preparation machine proximal to at least one of an input of said drafting equipment and an output of said drafting equipment;",
308
+ "subcomponents": []
309
+ },
310
+ {
311
+ "component": "said microwave sensor including a resonator through which said fiber sliver passes, said resonator generating characteristic resonator values to aid said microwave sensor in measuring said fiber sliver thickness; and",
312
+ "subcomponents": []
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "component": "a threading device positioned proximal to said microwave sensor, said threading device threading said fiber sliver through said resonator of said microwave sensor; and",
316
+ "subcomponents": []
317
+ },
318
+ {
319
+ "component": "wherein said threading device comprises a clamp which holds said fiber sliver in a defined position as said microwave sensor is moved from a measuring position to a cleaning position and back to said measuring position, permitting reintroduction of said fiber sliver without manual intervention.",
320
+ "subcomponents": []
321
+ }
322
+ ]
323
+ },
324
+ {
325
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00039",
326
+ "preamble": "39. A spinning preparation machine with autoleveling drafting equipment for drafting at least one fiber sliver, said spinning preparation machine including:",
327
+ "components": [
328
+ {
329
+ "component": "a microwave sensor through which said fiber sliver passes to measure fiber sliver thickness, said microwave sensor carried within said spinning preparation machine proximal to at least one of an input of said drafting equipment or an output of said drafting equipment;",
330
+ "subcomponents": []
331
+ },
332
+ {
333
+ "component": "a temperature apparatus disposed proximal to said microwave sensor, said temperature apparatus measuring the temperature of said fiber sliver as said fiber sliver passes said temperature apparatus; and",
334
+ "subcomponents": []
335
+ },
336
+ {
337
+ "component": "a compensation unit connected to said microwave sensor and said temperature apparatus, said compensation unit processing measured temperatures received from said temperature apparatus and providing compensation values to said microwave sensor based on said measured temperatures for correcting measurements performed by said microwave sensor.",
338
+ "subcomponents": []
339
+ }
340
+ ]
341
+ },
342
+ {
343
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00040",
344
+ "preamble": "40. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 39 , wherein the temperature of said fiber sliver is measured continuously.",
345
+ "components": []
346
+ },
347
+ {
348
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00041",
349
+ "preamble": "41. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 39 , wherein said compensation unit is an evaluation unit of said microwave sensor.",
350
+ "components": []
351
+ },
352
+ {
353
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00042",
354
+ "preamble": "42. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 39 , wherein said compensation unit is a control unit of said spinning preparation machine.",
355
+ "components": []
356
+ },
357
+ {
358
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00043",
359
+ "preamble": "43. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 39 , including a first microwave sensor and a first temperature apparatus located before said input of said drafting equipment and a second microwave sensor and a second temperature apparatus located after said output of said drafting equipment, whereby said compensation unit receives measured results from said first and second microwave sensors and said first and second temperature apparatuses located before and after said drafting equipment and sends said measured results to a control unit to correlate such measured results.",
360
+ "components": []
361
+ },
362
+ {
363
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00044",
364
+ "preamble": "44. A spinning preparation machine with autoleveling drafting equipment for drafting at least one fiber sliver, said spinning preparation machine including:",
365
+ "components": [
366
+ {
367
+ "component": "a multiple microwave sensors, each having a resonator through which said fiber sliver passes to measure fiber sliver thickness, at least one of said microwave sensors carried within said spinning preparation machine proximal to an input of said drafting equipment and at least one of said microwave sensors carried within said spinning preparation machine proximal to an output of said drafting equipment;",
368
+ "subcomponents": []
369
+ },
370
+ {
371
+ "component": "an evaluation unit in communication with said microwave sensors, said evaluation unit receiving a first measured fiber sliver thickness from said microwave sensor proximal to said input of said drafting equipment and a second measured actual sliver thickness from said microwave sensor proximal to said output of said drafting equipment with said first and said second measured actual fiber sliver thicknesses capable of being correlated by said evaluation unit; and",
372
+ "subcomponents": []
373
+ },
374
+ {
375
+ "component": "a control unit in communication with said drafting equipment and said evaluation unit, said control unit capable of receiving information, including result of said correlations of said first and said second measured actual fiber sliver thicknesses from said evaluation unit and actuating said draft equipment so that said drafted fiber sliver obtains a target fiber sliver thickness based on said information.",
376
+ "subcomponents": []
377
+ }
378
+ ]
379
+ },
380
+ {
381
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00045",
382
+ "preamble": "45. A spinning preparation machine with autoleveling drafting equipment for drafting at least one fiber sliver, said spinning preparation machine including:",
383
+ "components": [
384
+ {
385
+ "component": "a microwave sensor having a resonator through which said fiber sliver passes to measure fiber sliver thickness, said microwave sensor carried within said spinning preparation machine proximal to at least one of an input of said drafting equipment and an output of said drafting equipment;",
386
+ "subcomponents": []
387
+ },
388
+ {
389
+ "component": "an evaluation unit connected and in communication with said microwave sensor, said evaluation unit receiving measured fiber sliver thickness from said microwave sensor; and",
390
+ "subcomponents": []
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "component": "a control unit connected in communication with said drafting equipment and said evaluation unit, said control unit receiving information from said evaluation unit and actuating said draft equipment so that said drafted fiber sliver obtains a target fiber sliver thickness; and",
394
+ "subcomponents": []
395
+ },
396
+ {
397
+ "component": "wherein said microwave sensor is calibratable on the basis of calibration curves for at least one of different fiber sliver materials or fiber sliver mixtures.",
398
+ "subcomponents": []
399
+ }
400
+ ]
401
+ },
402
+ {
403
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00046",
404
+ "preamble": "46. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 45 , wherein said calibration curves are storable on at least one of said evaluation unit or said control unit.",
405
+ "components": []
406
+ },
407
+ {
408
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00047",
409
+ "preamble": "47. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 45 , wherein said calibration curves are storable on an external media from which said calibration curves can be called.",
410
+ "components": []
411
+ },
412
+ {
413
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00048",
414
+ "preamble": "48. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 45 , wherein each different said fiber sliver material has at least one calibration curve provided.",
415
+ "components": []
416
+ },
417
+ {
418
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00049",
419
+ "preamble": "49. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 48 , wherein a new calibration curve is determinable based on predetermined mixture ratios of said fiber sliver mixtures.",
420
+ "components": []
421
+ },
422
+ {
423
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00050",
424
+ "preamble": "50. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 49 , wherein said new calibration is determinable by at least one of taking a mean, interpolation, and regression of at least two calibration curves.",
425
+ "components": []
426
+ },
427
+ {
428
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00051",
429
+ "preamble": "51. A spinning preparation machine as in claim 49 , further including an input unit connected in communication with said evaluation unit for the input of said mixture ratios, whereby said calibration curve is determinable by said evaluation unit from said entered mixture ratios.",
430
+ "components": []
431
+ },
432
+ {
433
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00052",
434
+ "preamble": "52. A spinning preparation machine for drafting at least one fiber sliver, said spinning preparation machine comprising;",
435
+ "components": [
436
+ {
437
+ "component": "drafting equipment for drafting said at least one fiber sliver, said drafting equipment having a preliminary drafting field and a main drafting field;",
438
+ "subcomponents": []
439
+ },
440
+ {
441
+ "component": "a microwave sensor disposed within at least one of said preliminary drafting field or said main drafting field of said drafting equipment, said microwave sensor measuring fiber sliver thickness as said fiber sliver passes through said microwave sensor; and",
442
+ "subcomponents": []
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "component": "a control unit in communication with said drafting equipment and said microwave sensor, said control unit controlling the drafting equipment and capable of receiving information, including measurements of fiber sliver thickness from said microwave sensor to affect autoleveling of the fiber sliver thickness.",
446
+ "subcomponents": []
447
+ }
448
+ ]
449
+ },
450
+ {
451
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00053",
452
+ "preamble": "53. A spinning preparation machine for drafting at least one fiber sliver, said spinning preparation machine comprising;",
453
+ "components": [
454
+ {
455
+ "component": "drafting equipment for drafting said at least one fiber sliver, said drafting equipment including an input roller pair at the beginning of a preliminary drafting field;",
456
+ "subcomponents": []
457
+ },
458
+ {
459
+ "component": "a microwave sensor disposed before said input roller pair, said input roller pair conveying said sliver through said microwave sensor with the distance between the sensor and the input roller pair being shorter than a median staple length of the fiber sliver material being drafted; and",
460
+ "subcomponents": []
461
+ },
462
+ {
463
+ "component": "a control unit in communication with said drafting equipment and said microwave sensor, said control unit controlling the drafting equipment and capable of receiving information, including measurements of fiber sliver thickness from said microwave sensor to affect autoleveling of the fiber sliver thickness.",
464
+ "subcomponents": []
465
+ }
466
+ ]
467
+ }
468
+ ],
469
+ "description": [
470
+ "The present invention relates to a spinning preparation machine as well as to a process for the calibration of a spinning preparation machine.",
471
+ "In the spinning industry, first a homogenized fiber sliver and finally, as an end product, a twisted yarn is produced in several process steps, e.g., from cotton. The spinning preparation machines upstream of the yarn production, such as cards, combing machines and drawing frames have in particular the task to even out the sliver mass fluctuations of one or several fiber slivers. For this purpose, sliver sensors are installed, e.g., on draw frames, and these measure the sliver thickness or sliver mass or their fluctuations, and transmit this information to an autoleveling unit that actuates at least one of the drafting elements of the drawing frame as required. One example of a draw frame operating according to such a regulating principle is model RSB-D30 of the RIETER Company. Even with drawing frame not equipped with autoleveling, information concerning the fluctuation of sliver thickness is desired in many instances. A suitable sensor at the output of such drawing frames emits a suitable switch-off signal for the machine and/or a warning signal, if a threshold value of the sliver mass or the sliver thickness is not reached or exceeded.",
472
+ "To measure the fluctuation of sliver thickness, mechanical scanning devices are known, and these are used today in almost all machines of this type. However, the dynamics of these mechanical sensors are no longer sufficient with output speeds of more than 1000 m/min and a high requirement profile. Furthermore, the strong mechanical compression that is necessary before the mechanical sensor has a negative effect on the drafting ability.",
473
+ "In addition to mechanical scanning of the fluctuation of sliver thickness, other scanning principles have been proposed. Thus, e.g., it is known from U.S. Pat. No. 2,942,303 and DE 44 45 720 A1 that the sliver thickness can be measured without contact, by means of penetrating optical radiation. The measuring precision is however strongly subject to environmental influences in that case, e.g., temperature, humidity and pollution.",
474
+ "Furthermore, the process is susceptible to color as well as to reflection characteristics of the fiber sliver.",
475
+ "With other known measuring techniques, contact-less measuring methods use ultrasound waves. Capacitive or pneumatic measuring methods are also known. It has also been proposed to use X-rays or gamma rays. However, all of these processes are sensitive to humidity. Therefore, it does not help much that climatic influences such as temperature and relative air humidity can be compensated for as a rule, so that climatic influences can be minimized. The problem of inherent fiber moisture cannot be easily removed thereby. In addition, the fiber moisture can vary by up to 5% in one and the same batch of cotton at constant environmental conditions. Also, the upper layers of cotton in a can presented to a spinning preparation machine absorb more moisture than the lower ones. Furthermore, the moisture of the textile fibers varies due to changes in climatic conditions in the spinning mill\u2014e.g., moisture varies from the morning as compared to noon and night. The above-mentioned influences in turn exercise a great influence on the measuring results of sliver thickness, and thereby on the quality of regulating. Overall, these processes are therefore hardly suitable for high-precision measuring of the fiber sliver thickness.",
476
+ "A relatively new method to measure the sliver thickness is based on the utilization of microwaves. WO 00/12974 describes such a measuring system using microwaves, according to which microwaves were coupled to a resonator through which one or several fiber slivers are conveyed. The attenuation and the resonance frequency shift is then measured based on the presence of the fiber sliver or slivers, and the fluctuations of thickness and possibly the moisture content of the fiber sliver or slivers are derived from the measured values. EP 0 468 023 B1 describes a similar microwave measuring method that can be transferred to the measuring of fiber sliver. The sensors based on microwave resonator technology offer in particular the advantage that the environmental conditions, such as e.g. room temperature and room humidity, are already taken into account so that they need not be compensated for any further.",
477
+ "However, the sensors as well as the corresponding measuring methods described and shown in the above-mentioned publications are still underdeveloped in many aspects and in need of improvement. The specific adaptation to the problems of measuring fiber slivers in particular requires new solutions.",
478
+ "It is a principal object of the invention to improve the precision of measuring fiber slivers or a fiber structures by means of microwaves. Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.",
479
+ "According to the first aspect of the invention, it is advantageous for precise measuring of the fiber sliver thickness for the fiber sliver material to be compressed, so that the distribution of material is as homogenous as possible in the measuring slit of the microwave sensor of which at least one is provided. The compressing means are preferably designed in form of mechanical guiding elements, e.g., in form of round rods against the round surfaces of which the fiber sliver material can glide, or in the form of an open or closed funnel. To realize such a compression, two variants are preferred, whereby the degree of compression can preferably be set or adjusted in function of the incoming sliver mass.",
480
+ "In one variant, the compression means are designed so that the compression means are installed directly before and/or after the sensor. The sensor can thus be mounted on the compression means or vice versa.",
481
+ "Alternatively, or in addition, at least one guiding element, preferably made of an electrically non-conductive material (e.g., ceramic), can be installed within the sensor. Preferably straight but also wedge-shaped or bow-shaped delimitations are possible.",
482
+ "It is advantageous if a targeted compression of the fiber sliver material leads to automatic cleaning effects of the measuring slit or of the resonator space.",
483
+ "As the material is introduced into the measuring slit, it must be ensured that the fiber slivers do not cross each other. For this purpose, for example, rakes, or sliver guide arrangements, can be installed before and/or after the sensor.",
484
+ "In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a funnel is provided before the (at least one) sensor to compress or guide the fiber sliver(s). Following the (at least one) sensor, one or several rakes can be provided to prevent the fiber slivers from crossing each other.",
485
+ "According to a second aspect of the invention, a pair of draw-off rolls extending over the width of the fiber sliver is installed directly following the (at least one) microwave sensor preceding the draw frame. The longitudinal axes of the rolls extend at a right angle to the direction of fiber sliver movement. Therefore, the fiber sliver(s) can be drawn off from the sensor without being compressed substantially in their width.",
486
+ "A pair of draw-off rolls as input roller pair of the drawing frame following the sensor is especially preferred. This pair of draw-off rolls thus assumes the double function of drawing off the (at least one) fiber sliver as well as participation in the drafting.",
487
+ "In another aspect of the invention, the emphasis is on the cleaning of the sensor. Concerning the soiling of the microwave resonator, a distinction is to be made between two types of pollutants. On the one hand, they are easily removable pollutants such as, e.g., fiber fly, and, on the other hand, pollutants that are difficult to remove such as, e.g., honeydew and avivage. These two pollutants result in alterations of the characteristic values of the resonator, so that cleaning of the resonator(s) is proposed according to the invention.",
488
+ "The removal of pollutants can be carried out at regular intervals, preferably when the machine is stopped. The suitable cleaning apparatus to clean easily removable or resistant pollutants from the microwave resonator(s) can be triggered by suitable controls. In the alternative or in addition, the need for cleaning can be signaled when predefined limit values, e.g., with respect to characteristic resonator values in the empty state of the resonator are exceeded, or when the thickness of dirt or smeared pollutants is exceeded. Cleaning can be manual or by means of a cleaning apparatus or device. Manual cleaning may be absolutely necessary in some cases for the dirt that is difficult to remove.",
489
+ "The more easily removable dirt can be removed preferably by compressed air, whereby one or several air nozzles are directed upon the measuring slit of the resonator.",
490
+ "Control means are preferably available to cause the machine to stop in case of pollutants that are difficult to remove or cannot be removed. However, for reasons of productivity, cleaning of the easily removable as well as of the more resistant pollutants is carried out during can replacement at the draw frame outlet or during the replacement of feed cans, since the machine does not as a rule produce any fiber sliver at such time (except in case of a so-called flying exchange). The control means can be integrated into a central machine computer.",
491
+ "For the cleaning operation, the microwave sensor is designed preferably so as to be extensible, e.g., by means of a motor and a running rail on which the sensor can be moved, whereby the fiber sliver material's position remains preferably unchanged and is fixed in this position by suitably holding means. The sensor is preferably cleaned by means of compressed air or mechanical cleaning means that treat the resonator lining, e.g. ceramic, with care. On a stationary sensor, the dirt must be removed manually or automatically by means of compressed air, mechanical cleaning means, etc., from the measuring slit. After cleaning with, for example, compressed air, an electronic evaluation unit preferably can be used to evaluate the empty state (quality) of the characteristic resonator values, whether dirt still adheres or not, whereby the limit values for resistant material must be taken into account.",
492
+ "The controlling means for the control of sensor cleaning can be integrated into a central machine computer.",
493
+ "In order to minimize the degree of soiling of the resonator, the measuring space is preferably constructed so that an adhesion of impurities is reduced or even prevented. One possibility for this reduction/prevention consists of making the inner surface of the sensors in the form of dirt-repellent and abrasion proof materials and/or in avoiding sharp edges, especially at the input and output points of the fiber sliver material into the sensor.",
494
+ "A microwave sensor can be positioned at the input of the spinning preparation machine in various ways. On the one hand, an installation directly before the draw frame is possible. In this case, the pair of input rollers can be installed after the sensor and can be designed in such manner that the input roller pair of the draw frame is used to convey the material through the measuring slit of the sensor (see above). The distance between sensor and input roller pair is advantageously smaller than the median staple length so that uncontrolled fiber movements may be avoided during this conveying process.",
495
+ "In alternative or additional embodiments, a microwave sensor can be installed in the preliminary drafting field of the draw frame, constituted by the input and the central pairs of rolls, and/or in the main drafting field of the draw frame, constituted by central and delivery roller pairs.",
496
+ "In order to position a microwave sensor at the output of the spinning preparation machine, several possibilities exist. Thus, for example, a placement between a fleece nozzle downstream of the draw frame and a calendar roller pair further downstream is possible.",
497
+ "Designing the sensor in the form of fleece nozzle insert is also advantageous, whereby the sensor assumes in this case the function of a sliver former. With such a design, the sensor can be given a closed form, e.g., cylindrical in cross-section. Of course, other geometric forms are also possible, e.g., a design with elliptical or rectangular cross-section. A threading function is advantageously integrated into the fleece nozzle insert, e.g., in the form of air nozzles. Alternatively, the fleece nozzle can be integrated into the microwave sensor.",
498
+ "In another preferred embodiment, a microwave sensor is located directly after the output roller pair of the drafting equipment. In this case, the sensor can be open, e.g., in the form of a fork-shaped slit. The form of the sliver is then changed by a downstream fleece nozzle.",
499
+ "A microwave sensor can also be positioned between calendar roller pair and rotary plate.",
500
+ "The spinning preparation machine is preferably equipped with threading means to thread the fiber sliver material automatically into the (at least one) sensor as new batches are processed or when sliver breakage is being repaired. Such threading means may comprise, e.g., one or several air nozzles, so that the fiber sliver material is seized by the air stream produced and is introduced into the sensor. Alternatively or in addition, the threading means can also function mechanically, e.g., by clamping and moving or introducing the fiber sliver(s) into the measuring slit of the resonator.",
501
+ "In addition, the threading means may comprise mechanical holding means or holding devices, e.g., clamps, by means of which the fiber sliver material can be held in a defined position during cleaning operations (see above) after extension of the sensors from a measuring position into a cleaning position. In this manner, the material can then be introduced without manual intervention into the measuring slit of the sensor that is returned to its measuring position.",
502
+ "According to one aspect of the invention, it was realized that the fiber material might show different evolutions of temperature at the input and output of the draw frame, so that these could falsify the measuring results. It is therefore proposed according to the invention that the spinning preparation machine be provided with a device to continuously measure temperatures, so as to determine the temperatures of the textile fiber material, preferably with at least one temperature sensor (including start/stop phase and in particular cold start) and to thus compensate for the measuring results. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, this compensation can be realized in the electronic measuring system of the microwave sensor or through external compensation. In this manner in particular, cross-relationships of the measuring results at the input and output can be established, whereby preferably the different sliver speeds at the input and at the output as well as the running time between the two sensors are taken into account, e.g., in a central computer of the machine. Depending on the temperature difference between the material at the input and at the output, a correction should be made (offset correction).",
503
+ "When sensors are used that employ microwaves, the electrical conductivity of delustering elements and pigments in cotton to be drafted or that has been drafted, is in most cases insignificant. In case of electrically conductive materials, such as, e.g., carbon fiber, the same microwave sensor can possibly be used. Also, a second sensor, preferably based on different physical principles, can be used.",
504
+ "If at least two resonators are connected one after the other at a measuring position\u2014i.e., either at the input or at the output\u2014they preferably can be used to constitute a band filter.",
505
+ "According to another aspect of the invention, at least one microwave sensor is provided to measure the fiber sliver thickness at the input, and at least one microwave sensor to measure the fiber sliver thickness at the output, whereby the target sliver thickness of the fiber sliver leaving the machine can be preset, e.g., on a machine display. The machine is designed so that the actual sliver thickness measured by at least one sensor at the input and by at least one sensor at the output are integrated in a central machine by means of an evaluation unit, e.g., a central machine computer. These measurements can be correlated with each other and the results can be transmitted to a control unit in order to actuate the drafting elements in accordance with the preset target sliver thickness. The evaluation unit preferably is used to establish a cross-correlation between the actual sliver thickness measured by the (at least one) sensor at the input and the (at least one) sensor at the output. A subsequent plausibility control is advantageous.",
506
+ "To calibrate the (at least one) microwave sensor, calibration curves for different materials preferably are used, whereby these curves can be stored in the measuring electronics and/or whereby the curves can be called up from external electronic media, e.g., via the Internet, a compact disk, etc. as needed.",
507
+ "For every type of fiber material, e.g., cotton, polyester, viscose, polyacrylic nitrile, etc., at least one calibration curve preferably is established. Several calibration curves can also be adopted advantageously as functions of the degree of curling, moisture absorption capacity, level of pretreatment, level of pollution, etc.",
508
+ "When fiber mixtures are involved, e.g., flock or sliver mixtures, new calibration curves must be determined as a function of the mixture ratio. These curves can be stored, e.g., in an electronic memory or, based on an input of the mixture ratio, can be calculated or determined from the corresponding individual calibration curves. For these mathematical operations, e.g., mean calculations, interpolations or regressions are used in particular. Alternatively or in addition, the data for mixture ratios are stored in an electronic memory or can be written into such a memory based on the above calculations. In this manner, a data bank of the different mixture combinations is available to the user, and the user can poll the data bank for the batch currently to be drafted.",
509
+ "To enter the mixture ratios, the spinning preparation machine is advantageously equipped with a suitably designed input unit as well as with a processing unit to determine the calibration curves based on the entered mixture ratios.",
510
+ "Textile fiber slivers in skein form with defined moisture contents preferably are used as the calibration means. For this determination, conditioned samples are available, in which the fiber moisture is known precisely. Alternatively, the entire fiber material is stored under the same environmental conditions. Here, part of this fiber material is used as calibration means. It is also possible to combine these two methods.",
511
+ "Alternatively, the material to be drafted is weighed under normal production conditions in a defined length, is then dried and weighed again. The moisture is determined by comparing this sliver thickness. The sliver thickness and the calculated moisture content are then put at the disposal of the evaluation unit. It is also possible to process sliver masses instead of sliver thickness. The calibration curve is determined from the weighed sliver thickness and the appertaining characteristic resonator values, i.e., frequency shift A and moisture content \u03c6. The essentially linear function \u201cfrequency shift protracted against sliver thickness\u201d, generally going through the zero point, is in this case measured under normal production conditions by means of the microwave sensor and is associated with the fiber moisture calculated from weighing. Advantageously, at least one second measuring point of the same material with different moisture content is determined. Thereby, different moisture contents can be determined in course of production.",
512
+ "In a continued calibration, the microwave output sensor is post-calibrated on the basis of laboratory measurements where, e.g., the actual sliver thickness (and/or the sliver moisture) of the drafted fiber sliver is measured (plausibility control). Based on this post-calibration, i.e., on the current characteristic line of the output sensor, the microwave input sensor is post-calibrated advantageously while especially taking into account the different fiber sliver temperatures at the input and output and other influences, e.g., soiling of the sensor. This can be advantageous, for example, when the entering and exiting fiber sliver material has different temperatures that influence the measuring results. The post-calibration is effected preferably automatically, by means of a microprocessor.",
513
+ "For rapid calibration of the microwave sensors, defined textile samples in polymer combinations are preferably poured in with known masses. Alternatively, output polymers of the fiber materials (filament yams) concerned are used, e.g., melted viscose masses. The samples have preferably different, known moisture contents.",
514
+ "Samples with a relative permittivity nearly identical with that of the fiber sliver material to be processed are advantageously used for the calibration of the (at least one) microwave sensor.",
515
+ "Preferably, one single evaluation electronic system is used for all the resonators at the draw frame input and/or draw frame output.",
516
+ "The invention in its different aspects can be used with cards, draw frames as well as combing machines, with autoleveling as well as non-autoleveling drawing equipment. An application of the invention in a combination of card and downstream draw frame is also advantageous.",
517
+ "The invention is explained below in its different aspects through the figures.",
518
+ "FIG. 1 schematically shows an autoleveling draw frame with autoleveling components;",
519
+ "FIG. 2 shows an open microwave sensor in perspective;",
520
+ "FIG. 3 shows a top view of the input of a draw frame with a closed microwave sensor;",
521
+ "FIG. 4 shows a lateral view of the draw frame input of FIG. 3;",
522
+ "FIG. 5 shows a top view of the input of a draw frame with a closed microwave sensor according to a second embodiment; and",
523
+ "FIG. 6 shows a lateral view of the embodiment of FIG. 5.",
524
+ "Reference will now be made in detail to the presently preferred embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are shown in the figures. Each example is provided to explain the invention, and not as a limitation of the invention. In fact, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. It is intended that the present invention cover such modification and variations.",
525
+ "FIG. 1 is a schematic example of an autoleveling principle on a draw frame 1. At the input of the draw frame 1, the sliver thickness of entering fiber slivers 2\u2014in this case six fiber slivers 2\u2014is detected by a microwave sensor 3 functioning on the resonator principle. The microwave sensor 3 is connected to a microwave generator 16 that is actuated by a processor unit (not shown) and introduces microwaves into the resonator of the microwave sensor 3. A funnel 18, serving as a compressing means, is installed upstream of the microwave sensor 3 to compress the fiber slivers 2. When they have passed the microwave sensor 3, the fiber slivers 2 are again spread out in order to enter the draw frame 1a. The measured values of the microwave sensor 3 are converted by an evaluation unit 4 into voltage values representing the sliver thickness fluctuations and these are conveyed to a memory 5 (electrical signals are represented by a double lightning arrow in FIG. 1, while mechanical signals are not given any special marking). The memory 5 transmits the measurement voltage by means of an impulse generator or clock generator 6 with defined time delay to a target value phase 7. The clock generator 6 receives a triggering signal (a so-called \u201credefined constant scanning length\u201d) from an input roller pair 20 serving at the same time to convey the fiber slivers 2 through the microwave sensor 3. Alternatively, the impulse generator can be coupled to another pair of rollers, e.g., with a conveying roller pair (not shown) directly after the microwave sensor 3 (as seen in the direction of sliver movement). In such case, it is not the input roller pair 20 that is used to convey the fiber slivers 2 through the sensor microwave sensor 3, but the conveyor roller pair.",
526
+ "The target value phase 7 furthermore receives a guide voltage from a conducting tachometer 9 that is a measure for the rotational speed of the lower roller of a delivery roller pair 22 driven by a main motor 8. Following this, a target voltage is calculated in the target value phase 7 and is transmitted to a control unit 10. In the control unit 10, a comparison is made between target value and actual value and is used to impart a specific rotational speed to a variable speed motor 11 that corresponds to the desired change in drafting. In this process, the target values of the variable speed motor 11 are transmitted to an actual-value tachometer 12, which then retransmits the corresponding actual voltage to the control unit 10. The variable speed motor 11 drives in a planetary gear 13 driven by the main motor 8, whereby the planetary gear 13 modifies the rotational speeds of the lower roller of the input roller pair 20 and of a lower roller of a central roller pair 21 so that a homogenization of the drafting of the sliver takes place.",
527
+ "The sliver thickness serves as the magnitude for leveling. Based on the movement of the fiber sliver from the microwave sensor 3 to the drafting field consisting of input, central and delivery roller pairs 20, 21, 22 (the roller pairs are shown in the top view), a dead time is calculated. The rotational speed of the variable speed motor 11 as an actuating magnitude is determined by the control unit 10, wherein the actual thickness of the fiber slivers 2, the target value sliver thickness as guiding magnitude, and the rotational speeds of the main motor 8 and the variable speed motor 11 are processed. Due to the proportional superimposition of the rotational speeds of the main motor 8 and of the variable speed motor 11, and taking into account the mentioned dead time, the sliver thickness is leveled in the drafting equipment 1a in the so-called leveling application point.",
528
+ "At the output of the drafting equipment 1a, a resonator of a microwave sensor 30 connected to an additional microwave generator 17 is installed and is connected downstream of the sliver funnel or fleece nozzle 19 shown in the example of the embodiment in the form of a compressing means. The signals of the microwave sensor 30 are transmitted to an evaluation unit 31 that emits electrical voltage signals corresponding to the sliver thickness of the drafted fiber sliver 2 and transmits them to the control unit 10. Alternatively or in addition, the results of the microwave sensor 30 serve merely to monitor the sliver and for sliver quality control. Accordingly, these results are preferably displayed on the machine and/or on a central unit in the spinning plant.",
529
+ "Different circuit arrangements are possible in particular the utilization of a central computer.",
530
+ "The drafted fiber sliver 2 is drawn from the microwave sensor 30 by means of calendar rollers 34 (the distances between microwave sensor 30 and rollers 34 are not to scale) and are deposited by means of a sliver channel located in a rotating rotary plate 35 in a round can 37 standing on a rotating can plate 36. Alternatively, the can plate 36 is in form of a flat can traversing back and forth.",
531
+ "At the drafting equipment input and at the drafting equipment output, apparatuses 40 and 41, respectively, are installed for the preferably continuous measuring of the fiber sliver temperature (in FIG. 1 in immediate proximity of the corresponding sensor 3 or 30). The measured temperature values or the voltage values characterizing the temperature are transmitted to the corresponding evaluation unit 4 or 31 which assumes here in addition the function of a compensation unit for temperature compensation of the measured results supplied of the sensors 3 or 30. The results of the evaluation unit 4 or 31 can be correlated, e.g., by means of cross-correlation. Such a correlation can be effected, e.g., in the control unit 10 which must be able to perform the computations necessary for that purpose. Alternatively, separate processor units or one common processor unit can be provided for temperature compensation and, if necessary, also for correlation of the signals coming from the apparatuses 40 and 41.",
532
+ "The two sensors 3, 30 can preferably be cleaned automatically, e.g., by compressed air coming from one or several air nozzles directed on the measuring slit of the corresponding sensor 3, 30. Corresponding controls (not shown) trigger such cleaning, preferably at timely intervals and/or when a limit value of the quality of the characteristic resonator values is exceeded and/or when predetermined thicknesses of dirt or smudging film is exceeded. Such air nozzles can also serve as threading means for the automatic threading of the fiber sliver(s) to be measured in the (at least one) sensor 3 or 30.",
533
+ "In an alternative embodiment of the invention that is not shown, the spinning preparation machine can be provided with individual drives, each of which preferably with its own control circuits, whereby a central computer is advantageously used.",
534
+ "FIG. 2 shows an open microwave sensor 3, 30 consisting of a resonator 50 bent into a U-shape in which the opening is a measuring slit 51 through which one or several fiber slivers 2, indicated schematically as arrows, can be conveyed. In the measuring slit 51, on either side of the fiber sliver(s) 2, a round rod 52 is provided, whereby the two round rods 52 together serve as compressing guide elements. The round rods 52 can be displaced on schematically indicated guides 53 at a right angle to the sliver (see double arrow) and can preferably be fixed in their position. In order to introduce the fiber sliver(s) 2 into the measuring slit 51 and between the two round rods 52, one or several air nozzles 54 are provided and are directed essentially in the direction of sliver movement (in FIG. 2, they move towards the viewer) and carry the fiber sliver along thanks to the compressed air (see arrow). Furthermore, the double arrow f1 indicates that the entire sensor 3, 30 can be moved from a measuring position into a cleaning position and back into the measuring position.",
535
+ "FIGS. 3-6 show to further embodiments of a microwave sensor 3 located at the input of the drafting equipment. In the top view of FIG. 2, an input table can be seen at whose end towards the presentation cans (not shown) a sliver guide, or a rake, arrangement 24 is provided. The sliver guide, or rake, arrangement 24 consists of nine vertically positioned round rods between which eight fiber slivers 2 are taken from the presentation cans to the microwave sensor 3 (the fiber slivers 2 are indicated by dots in the side view of FIG. 4 when they run under cover). Following the rake arrangement 24 are two parallel driven conveyor rollers 25 on which four jockey or load rollers 26 aligned with each other are placed. Two of the eight slivers 2 run between each of the jockey rollers 26 and the conveyor rollers 25 beneath it. In case of sliver breakage, an electrical contact is established between the jockey rollers 26 concerned. The jockey rollers 26 and the breakage then is displayed in a manner recognizable to an operator.",
536
+ "A horizontally oriented round rod 27 that may be immobile or rotatable and over which the fiber slivers 2 are conveyed follows in the direction of sliver movement. Furthermore, the vertical double arrow in FIG. 4 indicates that the round rod 27 can be preferably adjusted vertically. Following the round rod 27 are two vertical guiding elements 28 having a circular cross-section, between which the fiber slivers 2 run. The distance between the two guiding elements 28 is preferably adjustable as is indicated by the corresponding double arrows in FIG. 3.",
537
+ "The guiding elements 28 are followed in the direction of sliver movement by a second round rod 29 extending horizontally, which can also be supported so as to be immobile or rotatable, and beneath which the fiber slivers 2 are conveyed. The second round rod 29 which, according to FIG. 4, is vertically adjustable (see double arrow) serves for the centered introduction of the fiber slivers 2 into the resonator 60 of the microwave sensor 3. Another two vertical guiding elements 64a with round cross-section are provided between the round rod 29 and the microwave sensor 3. These are attached at the top to flat rods 62 extending horizontally in the direction of fiber movement that are in turn attached by means of screws located in two corresponding elongated holes 63 to a cover plate 61. The cover plate 61 is mounted on the resonator 60. At the sliver output side of the sensor 3, guiding elements 64b attached in the same manner are provided. The distance between the guiding elements 64a, 64b can be adjusted by displacing the flat rods 62 in the elongated holes 63.",
538
+ "At the input and at the output of the sensor 3 whose connection cables 66 (to a microwave generator and to a signal receiver) are also shown in FIG. 3, horizontally extending rounded edges 65 that extend along the fiber sliver width are provided as additional guiding elements (see FIG. 4, represented by broken lines). These guiding elements 65 are thus located in the sensor 3 and are used for steady guidance of the fiber slivers 2 through the resonator 60.",
539
+ "An input roller pair 20 that draws the fiber slivers 2 from the sensor 3 is installed downstream of the guiding elements 64b. This roller pair is advantageously designed as an input roller pair 20 of the downstream drafting equipment 1a (see FIG. 1). Contrary to the mechanical measuring devices that compress the fiber slivers 2 and after which the fiber slivers 2 must be spread out again before entering the drafting equipment 1a, the space consumed by spreading out the fiber slivers 2 can be dispensed with. The entire machine can thus be much more compact. The input roller pair 20 serves on the one hand to draw the slivers 2 from the sensor 3 and on the other hand as a drafting element. The fiber slivers 2 run essentially parallel to each other through the sensor and continue into the drafting equipment 1a.",
540
+ "The guiding elements 28, 64a and 64b for the lateral guidance of the fiber slivers 2 can be provided alternatively or in addition to their linear adjustability in the direction at a right angle to the slivers (see FIG. 3) with an eccentric cross-section avoiding sharp circumferential edges (not shown). In order to change the passage width of the fiber slivers 2, these guiding elements 28, 64a, 64b can be rotated around their longitudinal axis and can be stopped in their position.",
541
+ "According to the embodiments shown in the FIGS. 5 and 6, a funnel 70 is provided before the sensor 3, through which the fiber slivers 2 are guided following the jockey and conveying rollers 26, 25. Preferably, the input and/or output width of the funnel 70 can be advantageously adjusted. The embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is otherwise identical to those of FIGS. 3 and 4. It should be mentioned that the guiding elements 64b at the output of the sensor 3 are superfluous because of the funnel 70. If, however, the output width of the funnel 70 is not adjustable, the presence of guiding elements 64a can be advantageous.",
542
+ "The (at least one) sensor (3, 30) can be calibrated on the basis of calibration curves for different fiber sliver materials and/or fiber sliver mixtures. The calibration curves can be stored in the electronic measuring system (i.e., evaluation unit 4 or control unit 10) and/or can be called up from an external media 100 (i.e., internet, computer, compact disk, etc.) when needed. For different fiber sliver materials, at least one calibration curve can be provided and called up for each fiber sliver material; it being possible to switch over among the different calibration curves. A new calibration curve can be determined on the basis of predetermined mixture ratios in case of fiber sliver mixtures. The new calibration curve can be accomplished by taking the mean, interpolation and/or regression of at least two calibration curves.",
543
+ "Data, preferably in the form of tables pertaining to the calibration curves of different fiber sliver materials, can be stored in an electronic memory 4, 10, 31, 100 to determine new calibration curves. The spinning preparation machine can have an input unit 100 for the input of the mixture ratios as well as by a processor unit 4, 31 to determine a calibration curve from the entered mixture ratios.",
544
+ "A microwave sensor (3) can be post-calibrated at the drafting equipment input by a post-calibrated microwave sensor (30) at the drafting equipment output by means of a microprocessors 4, 31, 10.",
545
+ "A process also exists for the calibration of a spinning preparation machine. A microwave output sensor (30) is post-calibrated based on laboratory measurements in which, e.g., the actual sliver thickness of the drafted fiber sliver is measured (plausibility control). Subsequently, a microwave input sensor (3) is post-calibrated automatically or manually based on this post-calibration. In the laboratory, skeins of fiber slivers with defined moisture content are used for calibration. In the alternative, the entire fiber sliver is stored under uniform environmental conditions and part of this fiber sliver material is used for calibration.",
546
+ "For rapid calibration for polymers (to be made into fibers), textile calibration samples are poured into hardening materials, e.g., polymers. Alternatively, in that output polymers of the corresponding fiber materials, e.g., melted viscose, are used. Textile calibration samples of material with the same relative permittivity as the fiber sliver material to be processed are advantageously used for the calibration of the microwave sensor 3, 30.",
547
+ "It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can e made in the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. It is intended that the present invention include such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents."
548
+ ],
549
+ "citations": [
550
+ "2942303",
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+ "4887155",
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+ "5501100",
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+ "5796220",
554
+ "6088094",
555
+ "6119312",
556
+ "6286188",
557
+ "6417676",
558
+ "6476619",
559
+ "2003/0150266",
560
+ "4005548",
561
+ "4034333",
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+ "4332347",
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+ "4445720",
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+ "0468023",
565
+ "0468057",
566
+ "WO 0012974",
567
+ "WO 0055606"
568
+ ],
569
+ "us_classification": "19239",
570
+ "international_classifications": [
571
+ {
572
+ "classification_level": "A",
573
+ "section": "D",
574
+ "classification_class": "01",
575
+ "subclass": "H",
576
+ "main_group": "5",
577
+ "subgroup": "32"
578
+ }
579
+ ]
580
+ }
json_patents/06983517.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Releasable fastener system",
3
+ "abstract": "A releasable fastener system comprises two hook portions. The hook portions each include a support and a plurality of closely spaced upstanding hook elements extending from one side thereof. When the two hook portions are pressed together they interlock to form a releasable engagement. The resulting joint created by the engagement is relatively resistant to shear and pull forces and weak in peel strength forces. The head elements of the hook elements are formed of a material that provides a change in directional orientation of the head elements. In this manner, the directional orientation of the head elements of the hook elements can be remotely changed to provide a reduction or magnification in the shear and/or pull-off forces.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Golden",
6
+ "Ulicny"
7
+ ],
8
+ "document_number": "06983517",
9
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
10
+ "assignees": [
11
+ "General Motors Corporation"
12
+ ],
13
+ "claims": [
14
+ {
15
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
16
+ "preamble": "1. A releasable fastener system comprising:",
17
+ "components": [
18
+ {
19
+ "component": "a first portion comprising a first support and a plurality of first hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein each one the first hook elements comprise a head elements disposed on a shaft;",
20
+ "subcomponents": []
21
+ },
22
+ {
23
+ "component": "a second portion comprising a second support and a plurality of second hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein each one of the second hook elements comprises a head elements rotatably disposed on a shaft, wherein the head elements comprises a material adapted to change a directional orientation upon receipt of a magnetic signal; and",
24
+ "subcomponents": []
25
+ },
26
+ {
27
+ "component": "an activation device coupled to the plurality of the second hook elements, the activation device being operable to selectively provide the magnetic signal to the head elements of the second hook elements, wherein the magnetic signal effectuates a change in the directional orientation of the head elements of the second hook elements to reduce or increase a shear force and/or a pull-off force.",
28
+ "subcomponents": []
29
+ }
30
+ ]
31
+ },
32
+ {
33
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
34
+ "preamble": "2. The releasable fastener system of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic signal comprises a magnetic field oriented in a direction to effectuate a change in the directional orientation of the head elements of the second hook elements by rotating the head elements of the second hook elements substantially in an x-plane with respect to the hook element support.",
35
+ "components": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
39
+ "preamble": "3. The releasable fastener system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second head elements comprise a J-shape, an L-shape, a multi-tined anchor shape, or a T-shape.",
40
+ "components": []
41
+ },
42
+ {
43
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
44
+ "preamble": "4. The releasable fastener system of claim 1 , wherein the first hook elements engage with the second hook elements when the first portion is pressed into face-to-face engagement with the second portion.",
45
+ "components": []
46
+ },
47
+ {
48
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
49
+ "preamble": "5. The releasable fastener system of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic signal effectuates a change in position of the first and second head elements, wherein the second head elements are substantially parallel to the first head elements, to reduce a shear force and/or a pull-off force.",
50
+ "components": []
51
+ },
52
+ {
53
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
54
+ "preamble": "6. The releasable fastener system of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic signal effectuates a change in position of the first and second head elements, wherein the second head elements are substantially perpendicular to the first head elements forming an interlocking system to increase a shear force and/or a pull-off force.",
55
+ "components": []
56
+ },
57
+ {
58
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
59
+ "preamble": "7. The releasable fastener system of claim 1 , wherein the second head elements comprise a magnetic material, a magnetorheological fluid, a magnetorheological elastomer, or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing materials.",
60
+ "components": []
61
+ },
62
+ {
63
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
64
+ "preamble": "8. The releasable fastener system of claim 1 , wherein the second head elements comprise ferromagnetic or paramagnetic particles dispersed in a carrier fluid,",
65
+ "components": [
66
+ {
67
+ "component": "wherein the particles are selected from the group consisting of iron, iron alloys, iron oxides, iron nitride, iron carbide, carbonyl iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium dioxide, stainless steel, silicon steel, and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing; and",
68
+ "subcomponents": []
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "component": "wherein the carrier fluid is selected from the group consisting of silicone oils, mineral oils, paraffin oils, silicone copolymers, white oils, hydraulic oils, transformer oils, halogenated paraffins, perfluorinated polyethers and fluorinated hydrocarbons, diesters, polyoxyalkylenes, fluorinated silicones, cyanoalkyl siloxanes, glycols, synthetic hydrocarbon oils, and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing fluids.",
72
+ "subcomponents": []
73
+ }
74
+ ]
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
78
+ "preamble": "9. The releasable fastener system of claim 1 , wherein the second head elements comprise ferromagnetic or paramagnetic particles in poly-alpha-olefins, natural rubber, silicone, polybutadiene, polyethylene, polyisoprene, or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing polymeric materials.",
79
+ "components": []
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
83
+ "preamble": "10. The releasable fastener system of claim 1 , wherein the second head elements comprise a magnetic material based on iron, nickel, cobalt, alloys of the foregoing, or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing.",
84
+ "components": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
88
+ "preamble": "11. The releasable fastener system of claim 1 , wherein the first head elements comprise a material adapted to change a directional orientation of the head elements of the first hook elements upon receipt of a magnetic signal.",
89
+ "components": []
90
+ },
91
+ {
92
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
93
+ "preamble": "12. The releasable fastener system of claim 11 , wherein the magnetic signal comprises a magnetic field oriented in a direction to effectuate a change in the directional orientation of the head elements of the first and second hook elements by rotating the head elements of the first and second hook elements substantially in an x-plane with respect to the first and second supports.",
94
+ "components": []
95
+ },
96
+ {
97
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
98
+ "preamble": "13. The releasable fastener system of claim 12 , wherein the change in the directional orientation of the first and second head elements reduces a shear force and/or pull-off force.",
99
+ "components": []
100
+ },
101
+ {
102
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
103
+ "preamble": "14. The releasable fastener system of claim 12 , wherein the change in the directional orientation of the first and second head elements increases a shear force and/or pull-off force.",
104
+ "components": []
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
108
+ "preamble": "15. A process for operating a releasable fastener system, the process comprising:",
109
+ "components": [
110
+ {
111
+ "component": "contacting a first portion to a second portion to form a releasable engagement,",
112
+ "subcomponents": []
113
+ },
114
+ {
115
+ "component": "wherein the first portion comprises a first support and a plurality of first hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein each one of the first hook elements comprise a head element disposed on a shaft; and",
116
+ "subcomponents": []
117
+ },
118
+ {
119
+ "component": "a second portion comprising a second support and a plurality of second hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein each one of the second hook elements comprise a head element rotatably disposed on a shaft, wherein the head elements comprises a material adapted to change a directional orientation to the head elements upon receipt of a magnetic signal;",
120
+ "subcomponents": []
121
+ },
122
+ {
123
+ "component": "maintaining constant shear and pull-off forces in the releasable engagement;",
124
+ "subcomponents": []
125
+ },
126
+ {
127
+ "component": "selectively introducing the magnetic signal to the second hook elements, wherein the magnetic signal is effective to change the directional orientation of the head elements; and",
128
+ "subcomponents": []
129
+ },
130
+ {
131
+ "component": "reducing shear and/or pull-off forces in the releasable engagement.",
132
+ "subcomponents": []
133
+ }
134
+ ]
135
+ },
136
+ {
137
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
138
+ "preamble": "16. The process according to claim 15 , wherein the second head elements comprise a magnetic material, a magnetorheological fluid, a magnetorheological elastomer, or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing materials.",
139
+ "components": []
140
+ },
141
+ {
142
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
143
+ "preamble": "17. The process according to claim 15 , wherein the magnetic signal comprises a magnetic field oriented in a direction to effectuate a change in the directional orientation to the second head elements by rotating the second head elements substantially in an x-plane with respect to the second support.",
144
+ "components": []
145
+ },
146
+ {
147
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
148
+ "preamble": "18. The process according to claim 15 , wherein the first head elements comprise a material adapted to change a directional orientation of the first head elements upon receipt of a magnetic signal.",
149
+ "components": []
150
+ },
151
+ {
152
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
153
+ "preamble": "19. The process according to claim 15 , wherein the magnetic signal comprises a magnetic field oriented in a direction to effectuate a change in the directional orientation of the first and second head elements by rotating the first and second head elements substantially in an x-plane with respect to the first and second supports.",
154
+ "components": []
155
+ },
156
+ {
157
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
158
+ "preamble": "20. A hook portion for a releasable fastener system comprising:",
159
+ "components": [
160
+ {
161
+ "component": "a support; and",
162
+ "subcomponents": []
163
+ },
164
+ {
165
+ "component": "a plurality of hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein each one of the hook elements comprise a head element rotatably disposed on a shaft, wherein the head elements comprises a material adapted to change a directional orientation to the head elements upon receipt of a magnetic signal, wherein the magnetic signal is a magnetic field oriented in a direction to effectuate a change in the directional orientation to the head elements by rotation of the head elements substantially in an x-plane with respect to the support, and wherein the head elements comprise a magnetic material, a magnetorheological fluid, a magnetorheological elastomer, or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing materials.",
166
+ "subcomponents": []
167
+ }
168
+ ]
169
+ },
170
+ {
171
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00021",
172
+ "preamble": "21. The hook portion according to claim 20 , wherein the support comprises a metal, a plastic, a fabric, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing materials.",
173
+ "components": []
174
+ },
175
+ {
176
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00022",
177
+ "preamble": "22. A process for operating a releasable fastener system, the process comprising:",
178
+ "components": [
179
+ {
180
+ "component": "providing a first portion comprising a first support and a plurality of first hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein each one of the first hook elements comprise a head elements disposed on a shaft;",
181
+ "subcomponents": []
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "component": "applying a magnetic signal to a second portion comprising a second support and a plurality of second hook elements disposed on the support, wherein each one of the second hook elements comprises a head elements rotatably disposed on a shaft, and wherein the second head elements comprise a material adapted to change a directional orientation upon receipt of a magnetic signal;",
185
+ "subcomponents": []
186
+ },
187
+ {
188
+ "component": "contacting the first portion with the second portion; and",
189
+ "subcomponents": []
190
+ },
191
+ {
192
+ "component": "discontinuing the magnetic signal to cause the first hook elements and the second hook elements to interlock.",
193
+ "subcomponents": []
194
+ }
195
+ ]
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00023",
199
+ "preamble": "23. A releasable fastener system comprising:",
200
+ "components": [
201
+ {
202
+ "component": "a first portion comprising a first support and a plurality of first hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein each one of the first hook elements comprises a head elements rotatably disposed on a shaft; and",
203
+ "subcomponents": []
204
+ },
205
+ {
206
+ "component": "a second portion comprising a second support and a plurality of second hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein each one of the second hook elements comprises a head element rotatably disposed on a shaft, wherein the second head elements comprise a material adapted to change a directional orientation upon receipt of a magnetic signal, and wherein the magnetic signal comprises a magnetic field oriented in a direction to effectuate a change in the directional orientation of the first and second head elements by rotating the first and second head elements substantially in an x-plane with respect to the first and second supports; and",
207
+ "subcomponents": []
208
+ },
209
+ {
210
+ "component": "means for changing the directional orientation of the second head elements to reduce a shear force and/or a pull-off force of engaged first hook elements and second hook elements.",
211
+ "subcomponents": []
212
+ }
213
+ ]
214
+ },
215
+ {
216
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00024",
217
+ "preamble": "24. The releasable fastener system according to claim 23 , wherein the first support and the second support are fabricated from an inflexible material.",
218
+ "components": []
219
+ },
220
+ {
221
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00025",
222
+ "preamble": "25. The releasable fastener system according to claim 23 , wherein the first head elements comprises a material adapted to change a directional orientation upon receipt of a magnetic signal.",
223
+ "components": []
224
+ },
225
+ {
226
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00026",
227
+ "preamble": "26. A hook portion for a releasable fastener system comprising;",
228
+ "components": [
229
+ {
230
+ "component": "a support; and",
231
+ "subcomponents": []
232
+ },
233
+ {
234
+ "component": "a plurality of hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein each one of the hook elements comprise a head element rotatably disposed on a shaft, wherein the head elements comprise a material adapted to change a directional orientation upon receipt of a magnetic signal, and wherein the magnetic signal is a magnetic field oriented in a direction to effectuate a change in the directional orientation by rotation substantially in an x-plane with respect to the support.",
235
+ "subcomponents": []
236
+ }
237
+ ]
238
+ },
239
+ {
240
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00027",
241
+ "preamble": "27. The hook portion according to claim 26 , wherein the head elements comprise a magnetic material, a magnetorheological fluid, a magnetorheological elastomer, or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing materials.",
242
+ "components": []
243
+ },
244
+ {
245
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00028",
246
+ "preamble": "28. The hook portion according to claim 26 , wherein the support comprises a metal, a plastic, a fabric, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing materials.",
247
+ "components": []
248
+ }
249
+ ],
250
+ "description": [
251
+ "This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/273,691 filed Oct. 19, 2002, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.",
252
+ "This disclosure relates to releasable attachment devices of the type used to fasten, retain, or latch together components of an apparatus or a structure that are to be separated or released under controlled conditions.",
253
+ "Hook and loop type separable fasteners are well known and are used to join two members detachably to each other. These types of fasteners generally have two components disposed on opposing member surfaces. One component typically includes a plurality of resilient hooks while the other component typically includes a plurality of loops. When the two components are pressed together they interlock to form a releasable engagement. A variation on the hook and loop motif is the hook and hook motif. The resulting joint created by the engagement is relatively resistant to shear and pull forces, and weak in peel strength forces. As such, peeling one component from the other component can be used to separate the components with a minimal applied force. As used herein, the term \u201cshear\u201d refers to an action or stress resulting from applied forces that causes or tends to cause two contiguous parts of a body to slide relatively to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact. The term \u201cpull force\u201d refers to an action or stress resulting from applied forces that causes or tends to cause two contiguous parts of a body to move relative to each other in a direction perpendicular to their plane of contact.",
254
+ "Magnetorheological (MR) fluids and elastomers are known as \u201csmart\u201d materials whose rheological properties can rapidly change upon application of a magnetic field. MR fluids are suspensions of micrometer-sized, magnetically polarizable particles in oil or other liquids. As shown in FIG. 1, when a MR fluid 2 is exposed to a magnetic field, the normally randomly oriented particles 4 within the fluid 6 form chains of particles in the direction of the magnetic field lines. The particle chains increase the apparent viscosity (flow resistance) of the fluid. MR elastomers are suspensions of micrometer-sized, magnetically polarizable particles in a thermoset elastic polymer or rubber. The stiffness of the elastomer structure is accomplished by changing the shear and compression/tension moduli by varying the strength of the applied magnetic field. The MR fluids and elastomers typically develop structure when exposed to a magnetic field in as little as a few milliseconds. Discontinuing the exposure of the MR fluid or elastomers to the magnetic field reverses the process and the fluid returns to a lower viscosity state or the elastomer returns to its lower modulus state. MR fluids enclosed in structural elements have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,547,049.",
255
+ "Disclosed herein is a releasable fastener system that provides for a controlled release or separation of a joint in a shear and/or pull-off direction. A releasable fastener system comprises a first portion comprising a first support and a plurality of first hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein the first hook elements comprise head elements at ends of the first hook elements; a second portion comprising a second support and a plurality of second hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein the second hook elements comprise head elements at ends of the second hook elements, wherein the head elements of the second hook elements comprise a material adapted to change a directional orientation of the head elements of the second hook elements upon receipt of a magnetic signal; and an activation device coupled to the plurality of the second hook elements, the activation device being operable to selectively provide the magnetic signal to the head elements of the second hook elements, wherein the magnetic signal effectuates a change in the directional orientation of the head elements of the second hook elements to reduce or increase a shear force and/or a pull-off force.",
256
+ "In another embodiment the first hook elements also comprise a material adapted to change a directional orientation of the head elements of the first hook elements upon receipt of a magnetic signal.",
257
+ "A process for operating a releasable fastener system, the process comprises contacting a first portion to a second portion to form a releasable engagement, wherein the first portion comprises a first support and a plurality of first hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein the first hook elements comprise head elements at ends of the first hook elements; and a second portion comprising a second support and a plurality of second hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein the second hook elements comprise head elements at ends of the second hook elements, wherein the head elements of the second hook elements comprise a material adapted to change a directional orientation of the head elements of the second hook elements upon receipt of a magnetic signal; maintaining constant shear and pull-off forces in the releasable engagement; selectively introducing the magnetic signal to the head elements of the second hook elements, wherein the magnetic signal is effective to change the directional orientation of the head elements of the second hook elements; and reducing shear and/or pull-off forces in the releasable engagement.",
258
+ "A hook portion for a releasable fastener system comprises a support; and a plurality of hook elements disposed on a surface, wherein the hook elements comprise head elements at ends of the hook elements, and wherein the head elements comprise a material adapted to change a directional orientation of the head elements upon receipt of a magnetic signal.",
259
+ "The above described and other features are exemplified by the following figures and detailed description.",
260
+ "Referring now to the figures, which are exemplary embodiments and wherein the like elements are numbered alike:",
261
+ "FIG. 1 is a schematic of a magnetorheological fluid;",
262
+ "FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a releasable fastening system;",
263
+ "FIG. 3 is a schematic of magnetic swivel hooks in a locked position;",
264
+ "FIG. 4 is a schematic of magnetic swivel hooks in an unlocked position;",
265
+ "FIG. 5 is a schematic of an overhead view of magnetic swivel hooks in a locked position;",
266
+ "FIG. 6 is a schematic of an overhead view of magnetic swivel hooks in an unlocked position;",
267
+ "FIG. 7 is a schematic of a magnetic swivel hook, with an interior view of the hook's head; and",
268
+ "FIG. 8 is a schematic of a magnetic swivel hook.",
269
+ "As shown in FIG. 2, a releasable fastener system, generally indicated as 10, comprises a first hook portion 12 and a second hook portion 14. The first hook portion 12 includes a support 16 and a plurality of closely spaced upstanding first hook elements 18 extending from one side thereof. At the ends of the first hook elements are first head elements 17. The second hook portion 14 includes a support 20 and a plurality of closely spaced upstanding second hook elements 22 extending from one side thereof. At the ends of the second hook elements are second head elements 21. The second head elements 21 are formed of a material that provide a directional orientation capability to the second head elements 21, as will be described in greater detail. Preferably, the second head elements are fabricated from materials that are resilient and flexible in addition to providing a directional orientation capability. Coupled to and in operative communication with the second head elements 21 is an activation device 24. The activation device 24, on demand, provides an activation signal to the second head elements 21 to change the directional orientation of the second head elements 21. The activation signal provided by activation device 24 for changing the directional orientation of the second head elements 21 is a magnetic signal in the form of a magnetic field. The change in directional orientation generally remains for the duration of the applied activation signal. Upon discontinuation of the activation signal, the second head elements 21 revert substantially to a relaxed or unpowered orientation, and as such, are free to swivel about the central axis of the support. The illustrated releasable fastener system 10 is exemplary only and is not intended to be limited to any particular shape, size, configuration, number or shape of second head elements 21, second hook elements 22, first head elements 17, first hook elements 18, or the like.",
270
+ "During engagement, the two portions 12 and 14 are pressed together to create a joint that is relatively strong in shear and pull-off directions, and weak in a peel direction. For example, when the two portions 12 and 14 are pressed into face-to-face engagement, the first head elements 17 become engaged with the second head elements 21 and the close spacing of the hook elements 18 and 22 resists substantial lateral movement when subjected to shearing forces in the plane of engagement. Similarly, when the engaged joint is subjected to a force perpendicular to this plane, (i.e., pull-off forces), the interlocked first head elements 17 and second head elements 21 resist substantial separation of the two portions 12 and 14. However, when the second head elements 21 are subjected to a peeling force, the second head elements 21 and the first head elements 17 can become disengaged from one another. It should be noted that separating the two portions 12 and 14 using the peeling force generally requires that one or both of the supports forming the hook portions be flexible.",
271
+ "To reduce shear and pull-off forces resulting from the engagement, the directional orientation of the second head elements 21 is altered upon receipt of the activation signal from the activation device 24 to provide a remote releasing mechanism of the engaged joint. An exemplary directional orientation change of second head elements 21 is from an orientation substantially perpendicular to the first head elements 17 to an orientation substantially parallel to the first head elements 17. As a result of changing the directional orientation of the second head elements 21, a marked reduction in shear and pull-off forces is observed, thereby allowing the joint to separate in directions normally associated with pull-off and shear. That is, the change in directional orientation reduces the shearing forces in the plane of engagement, and reduces the pull-off forces perpendicular to the plane of engagement. In effect, the second head elements swivel so that they align with the first head elements allowing for the joint to separate with less force. For example, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the second hook elements 22 have second head elements 21 oriented substantially perpendicular to the first head elements 17. In FIGS. 4 and 6 the directional orientation of the second head elements 21 are reoriented, upon receiving an activation signal from the activation device 24, to a substantially parallel orientation to the first head elements 17. The substantially parallel orientation relative to the orientation of first head elements provides a joint with marked reductions in shear and pull-off forces.",
272
+ "In another embodiment the receipt of an activation signal from activation device 24 increases shear and pull-off forces of the engaged joint. Upon receipt of the activation signal, the second head elements 21 can be oriented to maintain a substantially perpendicular orientation to the first head elements 17. During the time the activation signal is on, the peeling force required to separate portions 12 and 14 is increased by the maintenance of the interlocking system of the first and second head elements 17 and 21.",
273
+ "The hook elements 22 may be formed integrally with support 20, or more preferably, may be disposed on the support 20. In practice, the spacing between adjacent second hook elements 22 and second head elements 21 is an amount effective to provide sufficient shear and pull-off resistance desired for the particular application during engagement with first hook elements 18 and first head elements 17. Depending on the desired application, the amount of shear and pull-off force required for effective engagement can vary significantly. Generally, the closer the spacing and the greater amount of hook elements employed will result in increased shear and pull-off forces upon engagement. The first and second head elements 17 and 21 of hook elements 18 and 22 preferably have a similar shape configured to become engaged with one another upon the pressing contact of the first portion 12 with the second portion 14. The first and second head elements 17 and 21 of hook elements 18 and 22 can have an inverted J-shaped orientation, an L-shape, a knob shape, a multi-tined anchor, a T-shape, a key shape, or any other form of a hook-like element that can function in the present system. Such elements are referred to herein as \u201chook-like\u201d, \u201chook-type\u201d, or \u201chook\u201d elements whether or not they are in the shape of a hook. In an exemplary fastener, the \u201cengaged\u201d mode, the first head elements 17 are substantially perpendicular to the second head elements 21 (FIG. 5). In the \u201cdisengaged\u201d mode the first head elements 17 are substantially parallel to the second head elements 21 (FIG. 6).",
274
+ "The first and second head elements have a length and a width, wherein the length is preferably longer than the width. A ratio of length versus width of the head elements is preferably in the range from about 2 to 1 to about 10 to 1.",
275
+ "In a preferred embodiment, the second head elements comprise a housing that surrounds the material adapted to change the directional orientation of the second head elements. In a non-limiting example, FIG. 7 is a view of a second hook element 22, and an interior view of the second head element 21. The material 34 adapted to change the directional orientation of the second head element is encased in housing 32. Suitable materials for fabricating the housing include plastics, metals, and the like. For example, suitable plastics include polytetrafluoroethylene and thermoplastics such as for example polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acetal, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polyurethane, polysulfone, and other like thermoplastic polymers.",
276
+ "Suitable materials for providing the directional orientation changing capability of the second head elements of the second hook elements include, but are not limited to, magnetic materials, magnetorheological fluids, magnetorheological elastomers, and the like.",
277
+ "Suitable magnetic materials include, but are not intended to be limited to, soft or hard magnets; hematite; magnetite; magnetic material based on iron, nickel, and cobalt, alloys of the foregoing, or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing, and the like. Alloys of iron, nickel and/or cobalt, can comprise aluminum, silicon, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, tungsten, manganese and/or copper.",
278
+ "Suitable MR fluid materials include, but are not intended to be limited to, ferromagnetic or paramagnetic particles dispersed in a carrier fluid. Suitable particles include iron; iron alloys, such as those including aluminum, silicon, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, tungsten, manganese and/or copper; iron oxides, including Fe2O3 and Fe3O4; iron nitride; iron carbide; carbonyl iron; nickel and alloys of nickel; cobalt and alloys of cobalt; chromium dioxide; stainless steel; silicon steel; and the like. Examples of suitable particles include straight iron powders, reduced iron powders, iron oxide powder/straight iron powder mixtures and iron oxide powder/reduced iron powder mixtures. A preferred magnetic-responsive particulate is carbonyl iron, preferably, reduced carbonyl iron.",
279
+ "The particle size should be selected so that the particles exhibit multi-domain characteristics when subjected to a magnetic field. Diameter sizes for the particles can be less than or equal to about 1000 micrometers, with less than or equal to about 500 micrometers preferred, and less than or equal to about 100 micrometers more preferred. Also preferred is a particle diameter of greater than or equal to about 0.1 micrometer, with greater than or equal to about 0.5 more preferred, and greater than or equal to about 10 micrometers especially preferred. The particles are preferably present in an amount between about 5.0 to about 50 percent by volume of the total MR fluid composition.",
280
+ "Suitable carrier fluids include organic liquids, especially non-polar organic liquids. Examples include, but are not limited to, silicone oils; mineral oils; paraffin oils; silicone copolymers; white oils; hydraulic oils; transformer oils; halogenated organic liquids, such as chlorinated hydrocarbons, halogenated paraffins, perfluorinated polyethers and fluorinated hydrocarbons; diesters; polyoxyalkylenes; fluorinated silicones; cyanoalkyl siloxanes; glycols; synthetic hydrocarbon oils, including both unsaturated and saturated; and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing fluids.",
281
+ "The viscosity of the carrier component can be less than or equal to about 100,000 centipoise, with less than or equal to about 10,000 centipoise preferred, and less than or equal to about 1,000 centipoise more preferred. Also preferred is a viscosity of greater than or equal to about 1 centipoise, with greater than or equal to about 250 centipoise preferred, and greater than or equal to about 500 centipoise especially preferred.",
282
+ "Aqueous carrier fluids may also be used, especially those comprising hydrophilic mineral clays such as bentonite or hectorite. The aqueous carrier fluid may comprise water or water comprising a small amount of polar, water-miscible organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and the like. The amount of polar organic solvents is less than or equal to about 5.0% by volume of the total MR fluid, and preferably less than or equal to about 3.0%. Also, the amount of polar organic solvents is preferably greater than or equal to about 0.1%, and more preferably greater than or equal to about 1.0% by volume of the total MR fluid. The pH of the aqueous carrier fluid is preferably less than or equal to about 13, and preferably less than or equal to about 9.0. Also, the pH of the aqueous carrier fluid is greater than or equal to about 5.0, and preferably greater than or equal to about 8.0.",
283
+ "Natural or synthetic bentonite or hectorite may be used. The amount of bentonite or hectorite in the MR fluid is less than or equal to about 10 percent by weight of the total MR fluid, preferably less than or equal to about 8.0 percent by weight, and more preferably less than or equal to about 6.0 percent by weight. Preferably, the bentonite or hectorite is present in greater than or equal to about 0.1 percent by weight, more preferably greater than or equal to about 1.0 percent by weight, and especially preferred greater than or equal to about 2.0 percent by weight of the total MR fluid.",
284
+ "Optional components in the MR fluid include clays, organoclays, carboxylate soaps, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, lubricants, extreme pressure antiwear additives, antioxidants, thixotropic agents and conventional suspension agents. Carboxylate soaps include ferrous oleate, ferrous naphthenate, ferrous stearate, aluminum di- and tri-stearate, lithium stearate, calcium stearate, zinc stearate and sodium stearate, and surfactants such as sulfonates, phosphate esters, stearic acid, glycerol monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, laurates, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fluoroaliphatic polymeric esters, and titanate, aluminate and zirconate coupling agents and the like. Polyalkylene diols, such as polyethylene glycol, and partially esterified polyols can also be included.",
285
+ "Suitable MR elastomer materials include, but are not intended to be limited to, an elastic polymer matrix comprising a suspension of ferromagnetic or paramagnetic particles, wherein the particles are described above. Suitable polymer matrices include, but are not limited to, poly-alpha-olefins, natural rubber, silicone, polybutadiene, polyethylene, polyisoprene, and the like.",
286
+ "The activation device 24 can be configured to deliver an activation signal to the second head elements, wherein the activation signal comprises a magnetic signal. The magnetic signal is preferably a magnetic field. The strength and direction of the magnetic field is dependent on the particular material employed for fabricating the second head elements. The magnetic field may be generated by a permanent magnet, an electromagnet, or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing. The magnitude of the applied field strength required is the amount needed to change a directional orientation of the second head elements to reduce or increase a shear force and/or pull-off force, depending upon the application. A non-limiting example is an amount and direction of magnetic field sufficient to change the directional orientation of the top of a T-shaped hook, rotating or swiveling the top of the \u201cT\u201d substantially in the x-plane by about 90 degrees from the original orientation (FIGS. 3 and 4). The rotation of the head substantially in the x-plane can be less than or equal to about 360 degrees from the original orientation, preferably less than or equal to about 270 degrees, and more preferably less than or equal to about 180 degrees from the original orientation. Also preferred is the rotation of the head substantially in the x-plane greater than or equal to about 20 degrees from the original orientation, more preferably greater than or equal to about 45 degrees, and most preferably greater than or equal to about 90 degrees from the original orientation.",
287
+ "Suitable magnetic field strengths for second hook elements comprised of MR fluids or elastomers range from about 0 to about 1 Tesla (T). Suitable magnetic field strengths for second hook elements comprised of magnetic materials range from about 0 to about 1 T.",
288
+ "The first hook elements 18 generally comprise first head elements at the ends of the hook elements. The first head elements are generally oriented in substantially the same direction/orientation. Materials suitable for manufacturing the first hook elements and first head elements include metals, thermoplastics such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acetal, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polyurethane, polysulfone, and the like. The first hook elements 18 may be integrated with the support or may be attached to the support.",
289
+ "The \u201cstalks or shafts\u201d 30 of the second hook elements 22 generally comprise materials other than those used for the second head elements 21. Suitable materials for manufacturing the shafts 30 of the second hook elements include, but are not limited to, metals and thermoplastics such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acetal, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polyurethane, polysulfone, and the like.",
290
+ "The second head elements are fastened to the shafts of the second hook elements by any mechanical means that would allow the directional orientation of the second head elements to be affected. Non-limiting examples include springs, pins, swivels, and the like. In one embodiment the second head elements are preferably free to swivel about the stalks while in the unpowered state. In a preferred embodiment, after the magnetic signal is stopped, the second head elements resume the original directional orientation they had prior to receipt of the magnetic signal. In this embodiment, the second head elements may be fastened to the shafts of the second hook elements by welding, soldering, crimping, and the like. FIG. 8 shows a non-limiting example of second head element 21 connected to a shaft 30. A pin 36 connects the shaft 30 to housing 32.",
291
+ "The supports 16 (first portion 12) or 20 (second portion 14) may be rigid or flexible depending on the intended application. Suitable materials for fabricating the support include plastics, fabrics, metals, and the like. For example, suitable plastics include thermoplastics such as for example polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acetal, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polyurethane, polysulfone, and other like thermoplastic polymers. An adhesive may be applied to the backside surface of the support (the surface free from the hook elements 22 or 18) for application of the releasable fastener system to an apparatus or structure. Alternatively, the releasable fastener system 10 may be secured to an apparatus or structure by bolts, by welding, or any other mechanical securement means. It should be noted that, unlike traditional hook and loop fasteners, both supports 16 and 20 could be fabricated from a rigid or inflexible material in view of the remote releasing capability provided. Traditional hook and loop fasteners typically require at least one support to be flexible so that a peeling force can be applied for separation of the hook and loop fastener.",
292
+ "The support 20 may also comprise the activation device 24 for providing the activating signal to the hook elements. For example, the support 20 may be an electromagnet for providing a magnetic signal, or a rotatable permanent magnet or a series of rotatable permanent magnets.",
293
+ "In one embodiment, the second portion comprises a surface that contains an array of second hook elements comprising second head elements fabricated from magnetic material. When a magnetic field is applied, the magnetic head elements orient themselves in the direction of the applied magnetic field. The fastener system is \u201cunlocked\u201d by the orientation of the second head elements, which swivel out of the way of the first head elements.",
294
+ "In another embodiment, the second portion comprises a surface that contains an array of second hook elements comprising second head elements fabricated from magnetorheological fluids. When a magnetic field is applied, the MR fluid \u201cstiffens\u201d in the direction of the applied magnetic field and orients the head of the second hook elements in the direction of the magnetic field.",
295
+ "In another embodiment, magnetorheological elastomers are used to fabricate the second head elements.",
296
+ "In yet another embodiment the first and second hook elements are in a substantially disorganized orientation in the unpowered state. In one embodiment the second hook elements are substantially parallel to one another in the unpowered state. In another embodiment the second hook elements are substantially parallel to one another and substantially perpendicular to the second head elements in the unpowered state. In yet another embodiment the second hook elements are substantially parallel to one another and substantially parallel to the second head elements in the unpowered state.",
297
+ "In a highly preferred embodiment, the first head elements and the second head elements comprise a material adapted to change a directional orientation of the first and second head elements. When the magnetic field is applied, both the first head elements and the second head elements rotate to form an interlocking system. The system may be \u201cengaged\u201d or \u201cdisengaged\u201d by a change in direction of the magnetic field.",
298
+ "In another embodiment, a permanent magnet is located at the base of the second head elements, the magnet being freely rotatable upon demand. The system is locked when the magnet is rotated to orient the second head elements in a locking position with the first head elements.",
299
+ "Terms to \u201cfirst\u201d and \u201csecond\u201d are only identifiers and are not intended to illustrate a position, sequence, order, etc.",
300
+ "While the disclosure has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this disclosure, but that the disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims."
301
+ ],
302
+ "citations": [
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+ "WO 99/42528",
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+ "WO 00/62637",
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+ "WO 01/84002",
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+ "WO 02/45536"
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+ ],
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+ "us_classification": "24442",
415
+ "international_classifications": [
416
+ {
417
+ "classification_level": "A",
418
+ "section": "A",
419
+ "classification_class": "44",
420
+ "subclass": "B",
421
+ "main_group": "18",
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+ "subgroup": "00"
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ }
json_patents/06983518.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Buckle for belts",
3
+ "abstract": "A buckle for belts comprises a first shell unit having a releasing piece, a second shell unit connected under the first shell unit, a locking element pivotally connected to a seat of the second shell element, and a moving element movably installed behind the locking element. When a strap-connecting element is inserted into the buckle from a front end thereof, the locking element is pushed and is pivotally rotated by the strap-connecting element to make the locking element lock the strap-connecting element. Simultaneously, the moving element is moved to support the locking element so that the state of the locking element firmly securing the strap-connecting element is maintained. When the releasing piece of the first shell unit is actuated, the moving element is cooperated by the releasing element and no longer supports the locking element to release the state of the engagement between the locking element and the strap-connecting element.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Chen"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983518",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Wonderland Nurserygoods Co., Ltd."
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A buckle for belts for connecting a strap-connecting element, the buckle comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "a first shell unit having a releasing piece;",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "a second shell unit having a first end and a second end opposing the first end connected to the first shell unit and defining an entrance at said first end together with the first shell unit, the second shell unit further having a slit at said second end for connecting a belt and a seat situated between the entrance and the slit;",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "component": "a locking element being pivotally connected to the seat of the second shell unit and having a latch adjacent the entrance, a ledge extending towards the slit, and a shoulder formed between the latch and the ledge;",
27
+ "subcomponents": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "component": "an elastic element being provided at the seat for repositioning the locking element;",
31
+ "subcomponents": []
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "component": "a moving element being movably installed between the seat and the slit such that the moving element is able to slide relative to the seat; and the buckle being designed such that when the strap-connecting element is inserted into the entrance between the first shell unit and the second shell unit, the shoulder is pushed by the strap-connecting element so that the locking element is pivotally rotated to make the latch lock the strap-connecting element to enlarge a gap between said ledge and a main body of said second shell unit such that the moving element is moved in said gap to contact with the ledge so as to keep the locking element in a state of firmly securing the strap-connecting element; when the releasing piece of the first shell unit is actuated, the releasing piece cooperating with the moving element to move the moving element out of said gap away from the ledge such that said elastic element repositions said locking element to release the latch from the state of locking the strap-connecting element.",
35
+ "subcomponents": []
36
+ }
37
+ ]
38
+ },
39
+ {
40
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
41
+ "preamble": "2. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the buckle has an elastic element between the moving element and the second shell unit to cooperate the moving element to abut against the ledge.",
42
+ "components": []
43
+ },
44
+ {
45
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
46
+ "preamble": "3. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the moving element has at least a guider for the seat to guide the movement of the moving element.",
47
+ "components": []
48
+ },
49
+ {
50
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
51
+ "preamble": "4. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the moving element has a spacer for abutting the ledge of the locking element to make the locking element firmly lock the strap-connecting element.",
52
+ "components": []
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
56
+ "preamble": "5. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the second shell unit has at least a stud for abutting one end of the elastic element.",
57
+ "components": []
58
+ },
59
+ {
60
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
61
+ "preamble": "6. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the moving element has at least a tunnel for receiving another end of the elastic element.",
62
+ "components": []
63
+ },
64
+ {
65
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
66
+ "preamble": "7. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the second shell unit comprises a base and a main body, and the main body further has at least an orifice for the passing of the at least the stud to secure the base and the main body together.",
67
+ "components": []
68
+ },
69
+ {
70
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
71
+ "preamble": "8. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the second shell unit has at least a stake for connecting the pushing element.",
72
+ "components": []
73
+ },
74
+ {
75
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
76
+ "preamble": "9. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the buckle further has a pushing element near the entrance to push the strap-connecting element out of the buckle.",
77
+ "components": []
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
81
+ "preamble": "10. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second shell unit further has a base and a main body, and the base has a plurality of costas to secure the main body.",
82
+ "components": []
83
+ },
84
+ {
85
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
86
+ "preamble": "11. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the seat and the slit are at the main body.",
87
+ "components": []
88
+ },
89
+ {
90
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
91
+ "preamble": "12. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the releasing piece has at least a guiding tab for cooperating the moving element to escape from the ledge.",
92
+ "components": []
93
+ },
94
+ {
95
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
96
+ "preamble": "13. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the first shell unit further has a cap and a perforation in the cap, and the releasing piece is accommodated in the perforation.",
97
+ "components": []
98
+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
101
+ "preamble": "14. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the releasing piece has a protrusion at an end of the at least the guiding tab for securing the releasing piece and the cap together.",
102
+ "components": []
103
+ },
104
+ {
105
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
106
+ "preamble": "15. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the first shell unit has an elastic element between the cap and the releasing piece for reposition of the releasing piece.",
107
+ "components": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
111
+ "preamble": "16. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the seat further comprises two parallel plates, and the buckle further has a pin for pivotally connecting the locking element to the two plates.",
112
+ "components": []
113
+ },
114
+ {
115
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
116
+ "preamble": "17. The buckle for belts as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the buckle further has an elastic element at the seat for reposition of the locking element.",
117
+ "components": []
118
+ }
119
+ ],
120
+ "description": [
121
+ "The present invention relates generally to a buckle for belts, and more particularly to a buckle for belts having a locking element which is supported by a moving element to firmly lock a strap-connecting element.",
122
+ "The conventional buckle for the safety belt, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,165,150, is further required the functions of simple structure, low cost, easy operation, and firm engagement, in addition to the basic functions of connecting and securing the safety belt. However the designs of the conventional buckle about all above aspects are not perfect and still remain some space to be filled up.",
123
+ "Accordingly, the present invention relates to a buckle for belts that can substantially obviate one or more of the problems due to the limitations and disadvantages of the related arts.",
124
+ "One object of the present invention is the provision of a buckle for belts whose structure is simple.",
125
+ "Another object of the present invention is the provision of a buckle for belts whose cost is low.",
126
+ "A further object of the present invention is the provision of a buckle for belts which is easily operated.",
127
+ "A yet object of the present invention is the provision of a buckle for belts which can firmly lock the straps.",
128
+ "Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in portion will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.",
129
+ "To achieve these and other advantages and according to the purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described, a buckle for belts for connecting a strap-connecting element, the buckle comprising a first shell unit having a releasing piece; a second shell unit having a first end and a second end opposing the first end connected to the first shell unit and defining an entrance at the first end together with the first shell unit, the second shell unit further having a slit at the second end for connecting a belt and a seat situated between the entrance and the slit; a locking element pivotally connected to the seat of the second shell unit and has a latch adjacent the entrance, a ledge extending towards the slit, and a shoulder formed between the latch and the ledge; an elastic element is provided at the seat for repositioning the locking element; a moving element is movably installed between the seat and the slit such that the moving element is able to slide relative to the seat; and the buckle is designed such that when the strap-connecting element is inserted into the entrance between the first shell unit and the second shell unit, the shoulder is pushed by the strap-connecting element so that the locking element is pivotally rotated to make the latch lock the strap-connecting element to enlarge a gap between the ledge and a main body of the second shell unit such that the moving element is moved in the gap to contact with the ledge so as to keep the locking element in a state of firmly securing the strap-connecting element; when the releasing piece of the first shell unit is actuated, the releasing piece cooperates with the moving element to move the moving element out of the gap away from the ledge such that the elastic element repositions the locking element to release the latch from the state of locking the strap-connecting element.",
130
+ "It is preferred that the buckle has an elastic element between the moving element and the second shell unit to cooperate the moving element to abut against the ledge.",
131
+ "It is preferred that the releasing piece has at least a guiding tab for cooperating the moving element to escape from the ledge.",
132
+ "It is preferred that the first shell unit further has a cap and a perforation in the cap, and the releasing piece is accommodated in the perforation.",
133
+ "It is preferred that the releasing piece has a protrusion at an end of the at least the guiding tab for securing the releasing piece and the cap together.",
134
+ "It is preferred that the first shell unit has an elastic element between the cap and the releasing piece for reposition of the releasing piece.",
135
+ "It is preferred that the seat further comprises two parallel plates, and the buckle further has a pin for pivotally connecting the locking element to the two plates.",
136
+ "It is preferred that the buckle further has an elastic element at the seat for reposition of the locking element.",
137
+ "It is preferred that the buckle further has a pushing element near the entrance to push the strap-connecting element out of the buckle.",
138
+ "It is preferred that the second shell unit further has a base and a main body, and the base has a plurality of costas to secure the main body.",
139
+ "It is preferred that the seat and the slit are at the main body.",
140
+ "It is preferred that the moving element has at least a guider for the seat to guide the movement of the moving element.",
141
+ "It is preferred that the moving element has a spacer for abutting the ledge of the locking element to make the locking element firmly lock the strap-connecting element.",
142
+ "It is preferred that the second shell unit has at least a stud for abutting one end of the elastic element.",
143
+ "It is preferred that the moving element has at least a tunnel for receiving another end of the elastic element.",
144
+ "It is preferred that the second shell unit comprises a base and a main body, and the main body further has at least an orifice for the passing of the at least the stud to secure the base and the main body together.",
145
+ "It is preferred that the second shell unit has at least a stake for connecting the pushing element. It is to be understood that both the forgoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.",
146
+ "The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a portion of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention. In the drawings:",
147
+ "FIG. 1 is a top plane view illustrating that a strap-connecting element is engaged with the buckle according to the present invention;",
148
+ "FIG. 2 is an assembled bottom plane view illustrating a first shell unit of the buckle according to the present invention;",
149
+ "FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating that the buckle is separated from the strap-connecting element but not illustrating the first shell unit of the buckle and a cover of the strap-connecting element;",
150
+ "FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the buckle taken along line IV\u2014IV in FIG. 1 and only the first shell unit instead of the second shell unit is cut to illustrate a state of the buckle according to the present invention being engaged with the strap-connecting element; and",
151
+ "FIG. 5 is similar to FIG. 4 except illustrating a state of the buckle according to the present invention being disengaged with the strap-connecting element",
152
+ "As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, a buckle 9 for straps according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises an upper first shell unit 1 and a lower second shell unit 2 as well as a locking element 3, a moving element 4, and a pushing element 5 which are interposed between the first shell unit 1 and the second shell unit 2.",
153
+ "The first shell unit 1 includes a cap 11, a releasing piece 12 mounted to the cap 11, and a first elastic member 13 interposed between the cap 11 and the releasing piece 12.",
154
+ "The cap 11 has a stepped first snick at the front end thereof, a perforation 112 (shown in FIG. 5) at the middle portion thereof, a second snick 113 at the rear end thereof. In addition, the cap 11, in the interior, also has two longitudinal ribs 114 parallel to each other, and a first slot 115 adjacent to the second snick 113 and between the two ribs 114.",
155
+ "The releasing piece 12, at the exterior, has a ring of flange 121 and recess 122 defined by the flange 121. In the interior, the releasing piece 12 also has a longitudinal second slot 123 at the central portion, two triangular guiding tabs 124 respectively extended from two sides of the releasing piece 12, and two protrusions 125 respectively protruding outwardly from the distal ends of the guiding tabs 124.",
156
+ "The assembly of the first shell unit 1 is completed by first putting the first elastic member 13 with one end thereof into the first slot 115 of the cap 11, then inserting the releasing piece 12 with two guiding tabs 124 into the perforation 112 and simultaneously setting another end of the first elastic member 13 into the second slot 123 of the releasing piece 12, and finally snapping the protrusions 125 of the guiding tabs 124 with the ribs 114 of the cap 11 respectively.",
157
+ "Because the protrusions 125 are engaged with the ribs 114 of the cap 11, the releasing piece 12 cannot automatically separate from the cap 11. Due to the guidance of the guiding tabs 124 and the ribs 114, the releasing piece 12 can longitudinally slide relative to the cap 11. However, when the releasing piece 12 is exerted only by the restoration force of the first elastic member 13 and by no other external force, the releasing piece 12 is in a normal state that the front end of the flange 121 is abutted against the front edge which defines the perforation 112. On the contrary, when the releasing piece 12 is exerted by an external force on the recess 122 or on the flange 121, the releasing piece 12 backwardly slides relative to the cap 11, which results in the first elastic element 13 being further compressed. After the external force disappears, the releasing piece 12 is pushed by the restoration force of the first elastic member 13 and thus forwardly moves to the position that the flange 121 is abutted against the front edge around the perforation 112 again.",
158
+ "The second shell unit 2 includes a base 21 made of, for example, plastic material and a main body 22 made of high strength material like metal.",
159
+ "The base 21 has costas 211 respectively situated at the front and middle portions, two studs 212 at the rear portion, two stakes 213 at the front portion, and two grooves 214 respectively situated on the stakes 213.",
160
+ "The main body 22 has a slit 221 and two rectangular orifices 222 at the rear section thereof, an inlet 223 at the front section thereof, and a seat 225 constructed by two parallel plates 224 at the middle section thereof. Each plate 224 has a hole 226 at the central part and an aperture 227 at the upper-front corner.",
161
+ "The assembly of the second shell unit 2 is accomplished by respectively inserting the two studs 212 through the two orifices 222 of the main body 22 and at the same time respectively abutting the edges of main body 22 against the costas 211 of the base 21 to secure the main body 22 to the base 21. In another preferred embodiment, the main body 22 and the base 21 can be integrally formed as the second shell unit 2.",
162
+ "The hollow and curved locking element 3 has a latch 31 at the lower-front corner thereof, a ledge 32 at the rear end, a shoulder 33 near the bottom thereof between the latch 31 and the ledge 32, two bores 34 respectively at the center of two side walls thereof, and an upwardly-opened cavity 35 between the two side walls.",
163
+ "The locking element 3 is mounted to the second shell unit 2 as follow. First, the locking element 3 is interposed between the two plates 224 of the seat 225. Secondly, a second elastic element 61, such as a spring, is placed in the cavity of the locking element 3 and two ends of the second elastic element 61 are respectively inserted into the apertures 227 in the two plates 224. Next, a pin 62 sequentially passes through the holes 226 of the plates 224, the bores 34 of the locking element 3, and the second elastic element 61 so as to pivotally secure the locking device 3 and the second elastic element 61 to the seat 225.",
164
+ "The U-shaped moving element 4 has two guiders 41 respectively at two sides, a spacer 42 connecting the two guiders 41, and an opening 43 defined by the guiders 41 and the spacer 42. Each guider 41 has a blind tunnel 44 which is closed at one end thereof.",
165
+ "The moving element 4 is mounted to the second shell unit 2 as follows. First, two third elastic elements 63, with one end thereof, are respectively inserted into the blind tunnels 44. Then, the moving element 4 is mounted to the second shell unit 2 in the manner that the seat 225 of the main body 22 is received in the opening 43 of the moving element 4. At this time, another ends of third elastic elements 63 are respectively abutted against the two studs 212 of the base 21, and the spacer 42 of the moving element 4 is behind the ledge 32 of the locking element 3 as well as the inner surfaces of the two guiders 41 are abutted against the outer surfaces of the two plates 224 in the seat 225 to guide the sliding of the moving element 4 relative to the seat 225.",
166
+ "Two lateral ends 51 of a pushing element 5 with elasticity are respectively accommodated in the grooves 214 of the stake 213 and the front end 52 of the pushing end 52 is placed above the inlet 223 of the main body 22.",
167
+ "As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, finally, the first shell unit 1 is mounted on and fixed together with the second shell unit 2 by hot melting, snapping, screwing, or other mechanical ways so as to complete the buckle 9 for straps according to the present invention. In the meantime, the two guiding tabs 124 of the releasing piece 12 are respectively situated outside the two plates 224 of the seat 225 and in front of the moving element 4. The first elastic member 13 is situated in the cavity 35 of the locking element 3. The front end 52 of the pushing element 5 appears at the first snick 111 of the cap 11 and the first snick 111 is also matched together with the inlet 223 of the main body 22 to form an entrance 64 of the buckle 6.",
168
+ "An arc strap-connecting element 8 has a tongue 81 at the central portion thereof, a protuberance 82 on the tongue 81, and a receptacle 83 in the tongue 81.",
169
+ "When the tongue 81 of the strap-connecting element 8 is inserted into the entrance 64 of the buckle 9 for straps, the tongue 81 slides along the inlet 223 of the main body 22 and further pushes against the shoulder 33 of the locking element 3. Then, the locking element 3 is pivotally rotated counter-clockwise, as shown in FIG. 4, with respect to the pivotal pin 62 to the extent that the latch 31 downwardly moves into the receptacle 83 in the tongue 81 and locks the strap-connecting element 8. In the meanwhile of the latch 31 being downwardly rotated, the ledge 32 of the locking element 3 is upwardly rotated so that the gap between the ledge 32 and the main body 22 is getting larger enough to allow the spacer 42 of the moving element 4, which is forwardly pushed by the third elastic element 63, to situated under the ledge 32 of the locking element 3 and the latch 31 firmly locks the tongue 81. Besides, at this time, the protuberance 82 of the strap-connecting element 8 also abuts against the front end 52 of the pushing element 5. Because the main body 22 can be connected with a strap (not shown) at the slit 221 and the strap-connecting element 8 can also be connected to at least a strap, the buckle 9 for straps of the present invention has the function of connecting a plurality of straps.",
170
+ "When it is desired to separate the strap-connecting element 8 from the buckle 9 for straps, the only thing which is needed to do is to put a finger on the recess 122 or flange 121 of the releasing piece 12 and then to push the releasing piece 12 to backwardly slide relative to the cap 11. In the meanwhile, the moving element 4 is pushed at the guiders 41 thereof by the guiding tabs 124 of the releasing piece 12 and backwardly moves until the spacer 42 of the moving element 4 escapes from the ledge 32 of the locking element 3, that is, the spacer 42 is behind the ledge 32. Hence, the locking element 3 can be pivotally rotated clockwise, as shown in FIG. 5, under the action of the restoration force of the second elastic element 61. In other word, the ledge 32 of the locking element 3 is pivotally rotated downwardly and the latch 31 is pivotally rotated upwardly. When the latch 31 of the locking element 3 escapes from the receptacle 83 in the tongue due to upwardly rotating, the strap-connecting element 8 is sprung out of the buckle 9 for straps by means of the restoration force of the pushing element 5 exerting to the protuberance 82 of the strap-connecting element 8.",
171
+ "When the finger is removed from the releasing piece 12 or the releasing piece 12 is not exerted by any other external force, the releasing piece 12 is forwardly moved to the position that the flange 121 abuts against the front edge which defines the perforation 112 again by the restoration of the first elastic member 13. At the same time, due to the restoration of the third elastic member 63, the moving element 4 is pushed and forwardly moves. However, because the gap between the ledge 32 of the locking element 3 and the main body 22 is smaller or even there exits no gap, the spacer 42 of the moving element 4 cannot slide into the gap or under the ledge 32. In other word, the spacer 42 is blocked by the locking element 3 and situated behind the locking element 3 in order that the latch 31 of the locking element 3 is kept in a state of being opened.",
172
+ "This invention has been disclosed in terms of specific embodiments. It will be apparent that many modifications can be made to the disclosed structures without departing from the invention. Therefore, it is the intent of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit and scope of this invention."
173
+ ],
174
+ "citations": [
175
+ "2862268",
176
+ "4060879",
177
+ "4182008",
178
+ "4451958",
179
+ "5142749",
180
+ "5165150",
181
+ "5566431",
182
+ "2003/0111836",
183
+ "0114332",
184
+ "1219197",
185
+ "2039590",
186
+ "07275013"
187
+ ],
188
+ "us_classification": "24636",
189
+ "international_classifications": [
190
+ {
191
+ "classification_level": "A",
192
+ "section": "A",
193
+ "classification_class": "44",
194
+ "subclass": "B",
195
+ "main_group": "11",
196
+ "subgroup": "25"
197
+ }
198
+ ]
199
+ }
json_patents/06983519.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Textile machine texturing system and texturing nozzle therefor",
3
+ "abstract": "In a texturing system with a texturing nozzle and a first drum (",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Wirz"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983519",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG"
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A system for texturing thread, comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "a texturing nozzle disposed for receipt of a thread, said texturing nozzle forming the thread into a thread strip;",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "a cooling drum disposed at an outlet of said texturing nozzle for receipt of the thread strip, said drum having a perforated circumferential surface and an interior in communication with a suction device to generate an under-pressure such that the thread strip is held against said drum;",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "component": "a guide device disposed at an outlet of said texturing nozzle along at least a portion of a circumference of said drum, said guide device configured to guide the thread strip from said texturing nozzle onto the circumference of said drum;",
27
+ "subcomponents": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "component": "an inlet point disposed at said drum, said inlet point being in communication with a positive pressure conditioning medium source such that said conditioning medium is directed against the thread strip as it is conveyed on said circumferential surface of said drum.",
31
+ "subcomponents": []
32
+ }
33
+ ]
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
37
+ "preamble": "2. The system as in claim 1 , further comprising a first blower device in communication with said inlet point to deliver said conditioning medium.",
38
+ "components": []
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
42
+ "preamble": "3. The system as in claim 2 , further comprising an additional blower device disposed downstream of said first blower device in a conveying direction of the thread strip.",
43
+ "components": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
47
+ "preamble": "4. The system as in claim 3 , wherein said additional blower device comprises a cover and air deflection plate disposed over a circumferential portion of a cooling drum.",
48
+ "components": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
52
+ "preamble": "5. The system as in claim 3 , wherein said additional blower device is disposed at a circumferential location along a second cooling drum.",
53
+ "components": []
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
57
+ "preamble": "6. The system as in claim 3 , wherein said additional blower device is disposed at a circumferential location along said first cooling drum downstream of said first blower device in a conveying direction of the thread strip.",
58
+ "components": []
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
62
+ "preamble": "7. The system as in claim 3 , wherein said additional blower device further comprises a borehole system disposed to direct a conditioning medium onto the thread strip.",
63
+ "components": []
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
67
+ "preamble": "8. The system as in claim 1 , further comprising a system configured to supply cooled air to said guide device and said cooling drum, and warmed air to said texturing nozzle, said system comprising an inlet point and an outlet point for the cooled air with a heat exchanger having an evaporator between said cooling air inlet and outlet points, and an inlet point and an outlet point for the warmed air with a heat exchanger having a compressor between the warmed air inlet and outlet points.",
68
+ "components": []
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
72
+ "preamble": "9. The system as in claim 8 , further comprising an inlet point for the warmed air at an extruder upstream of said texturing nozzle.",
73
+ "components": []
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
77
+ "preamble": "10. The system as in claim 1 , further comprising an additional downstream cooling drum disposed for receipt of the thread strip from said cooling drum, and a guide element disposed at a circumferential location along said cooling drum to convey the thread strip away from the circumference of said cooling drum and onto the circumference of said additional downstream cooling drum.",
78
+ "components": []
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
82
+ "preamble": "11. The system as in claim 1 , wherein said guide device further comprises a groove defined in a circumferential surface of said cooling drum.",
83
+ "components": []
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
87
+ "preamble": "12. The system as in claim 11 , wherein said guide device further comprises a cover extending circumferentially along said groove.",
88
+ "components": []
89
+ },
90
+ {
91
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
92
+ "preamble": "13. The system as in claim 1 , wherein said inlet point is integral with said guide device such that such that said conditioning medium is directed against the thread strip as it is conveyed through said guide device.",
93
+ "components": []
94
+ },
95
+ {
96
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
97
+ "preamble": "14. The system as in claim 13 , wherein said guide device comprises a borehole system disposed to direct said conditioning medium onto the thread strip.",
98
+ "components": []
99
+ }
100
+ ],
101
+ "description": [
102
+ "The invention relates to a texturing system, or a thread processing device, with a texturing nozzle for forming a textured thread. A nozzle of this generic type is described, for example, in the German published examined application 20 3 6856. The yarn, entering the nozzle from above, is conveyed by a hot-air flow to a compression part, which is provided with passage apertures, for example in slot form. Due to the lateral escape of the air being blown in, and as a result of the reduction in speed in the passage channel, the continuous filament yarn compresses, and thus also incurs a braking effect. The yarn strip which forms is ejected relatively slowly from the nozzle and cooled. In this situation, a rotating cooling drum can be used, on the surface of which the compressed yarn is laid, whereby, as a result of perforations in the drum, air at a lower temperature is sucked into the nozzle, e.g. ambient air, which has the effect of cooling the yarn.",
103
+ "The invention also relates to the compression part of a texturing system, in particular a BCF texturing nozzle, for high velocities. A compression part of a texturing nozzle according to the conventional design is usually formed from an upper and lower lamellar plate holder and a plurality of lamellar plates.",
104
+ "The texturing air and the yarn enter the compression part of high speed from above, i.e. in the direction of flow of the fibres and air respectively. The air flows in the area of the compression part in impart manner through the slots or intermediate spaces between the lamellar plates in a more or less radial direction, and mostly emerges to the outside at the lamellar plates. This has the effect of reducing the air speed in the longitudinal channel of the nozzle. The yarn is braked as a result and forms a strip, which fills the entire inner diameter of the slotted part, namely the compression part. The strip slides downwards through a strip guide tube to a cooling drum or to a conveying device, in particular a pair of rollers.",
105
+ "The strip formation inside the nozzle is influenced by the flow circumstances and geometric conditions which prevail there. If interruptions occur, or specific parameters on which the strip formation depends are altered, the quality of the thread may change impermissibly.",
106
+ "From U.S. Pat. No. 5,653,010, the principle is known of conducting the yarn strip from the texturing nozzle onto a drum and of steering the material flow on the circumferential surface thereof between two rows of needles, which project vertically from the surface. The strip formation in this situation, however, is only influenced at the transition point from the nozzle onto the drum by the conditions which prevail there, which in practice has not led to the desired consistent thread quality.",
107
+ "In EP Application No. 1101 849, it is proposed that the thread be deposited in a drum groove, in order thereby to control the conveyance of the strip better, and at the same time to cool in this situation, however, very narrow tolerances are to be maintained in the manufacture of the drum.",
108
+ "A goal of the invention is to design a thread processing device of such a nature that high production at constant thread quality is attained. Additional objects and advantages of the invention are set forth below in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.",
109
+ "The thread processing device according to the invention makes provision for a texturing system which is followed by at least one drum for the controlled guidance of the thread with the simultaneous imposition of a guiding and cooling air flow, and, if appropriate, also by a second drum for the complete cooling of the thread.",
110
+ "The thread is conveyed through a nozzle by means of heated compressed air into a storage space and there packed to form a very dense strip. This strip is guided through a guide tube to a first, relatively small cooling drum, and there deposited in a groove, which is precisely as wide as the diameter of the strip. The storage space consists of a short tube with a longitudinal slot, and downstream is expanded to such a degree that no strip is formed by the yarn friction alone on the lamellar plates. Due to the precise guidance of the strip on the cooling drum, this (the guidance) dictates the speed and therefore also the density of the strip. The strip is somewhat cooled in the compressed state by the ambient air sucked into the cooling drum, and then raised by a guidance element or an air jet out of the groove and laid on a second larger cooling drum, designed in the manner of the prior art. It there expands by about the factor of 1.5 to 4, and is fully cooled by the ambient air sucked in. The strip is then again stretched to form a thread and drawn off from a mono or duo.",
111
+ "The invention also relates to a method for the formation of a textured thread in a texturing system with a texturing nozzle and a drum connected thereto, whereby the thread is guided on the outlet side of a texturing nozzle at the circumference of a drum in the form of a strip. For preference, technical air means are provided for, characterized in that, at the circumference of the drum, the strip is cooled by effect from the outside, in particular by means of a blower device, for preference through a blow aperture directed onto the thread run.",
112
+ "In addition, a texturing system is proposed with a texturing nozzle and a drum connected thereto, whereby a guidance system for a strip is provided for on the outlet side of a texturing nozzle, at the circumference of a drum, and technical air means are provided for, in particular for the performance of the process, characterized in that a delivery point for cooling air is provided for at one drum at least, for the issue of a conditioning medium to the strip.",
113
+ "According to the invention, a blower device may be arranged at the circumference of the drum, in general terms a cooling device, with which the thread lying on the surface of the drum is cooled and conditioned in a specific and defined manner. In this situation, this initially involves the rapid cooling of the thread strip running on the circumference of the drum; expressed-in other terms, a shock cooling effect, by means of a shoe located on the drum in the run-out area of the strip, which is drawn through a system of holes for the provision of a cooling and conditioning medium respectively.",
114
+ "In addition to, or as an alternative to this, it is possible for a climatisation and simultaneous cooling to be achieved over a substantial circumference of the cooing drum for the strip running over the surface of the drum and moving forwards with it, by the arrangement of an air deflection plate in the area of the thread strip on the drum surface, whereby cooled air is conducted at an angle of about 180\u00b0 onto the circumferential surface following on from the texturing nozzle. The cooled air is introduced in the area of the air deflection plate onto its side which is turned towards the cooling drum. This deflection plate must not hinder the drawing process of the thread before the system is run up to speed, and, if at all possible, is to be designed so as to pivot. The gap between the cooling drum and the deflection plate should for preference not be greater than 5 mm. The area of the deflection plate directed against the operator is for preference to be made of Plexiglas (Perspex), in order for the operating personnel to be able to evaluate the formation of the strip. The arrangement of the deflection plate which favours the flow is necessary in order to avoid pressure losses.",
115
+ "If cooling air is being introduced as the conditioning medium, then provision is to be made for an air flow of about 1,200-2,500 Nm3/h for a two-thread cooling drum, i.e. a cooling drum with two thread strips running parallel to one another imposed on it. The air temperature should be infinitely adjustable and regulatable between 5\u00b0 C. and room temperature. The cooling device required for cooling the air flow should be designed for a capacity of 2,500 Nm3/h. A temperature of the emerging air of max. 5\u00b0 C. must be assured at an ambient temperature of up to 50\u00b0C. The delivery of the cooling air to the surface of the deflection plate is effected, for example, by means of flexible metal hoses. The deflection plate is to be provided with a row of passage apertures, through which the cooled air can be distributed uniformly over the surface of the drum in the area of the strip or strips. Between the surface of the deflection plate, provided with passage apertures, and the feed line for the cooled air, a cover is to be arranged, which has an aperture on the inlet side for the delivery of the air, and is open on the outlet side to the passage apertures, in which situation screening is necessary against the ambient air. The cooling drum is for preference to be subjected to air over what is referred to as a blowing angle of 180\u00b0 to 240\u00b0. This means that the air deflection plate surrounds the drum over an angle from 180\u00b0 to 240\u00b0, with a distance of, for preference, between 3 and 5 mm from the cooling drum surface.",
116
+ "The passage apertures or holes in the shoe referred to heretofore, at the outlet point of the, strip on the cooling drum or in the air deflection plate are, for preference, to be designed as multi-row, and extend at least over the width of a groove in the surface of the cooling drum in which the strip comes to lie. The hole diameter is between 0.5 and 1 mm. As media for the cooling or conditioning of the thread strip, consideration may be given to:\n\n \n \n Air\n Water mist\n Water\n CO2 \n N2 \n Spin Finish (water-oil emulsion)",
117
+ "With a drum diameter of, for example, 400 mm, a high texturing capacity can be achieved, with a texturing speed of up to 5,000 m/min.",
118
+ "The attempt should be made to achieve a conditioning of cooling of the thread strip over up to 3/4 of the circumference of the drum. By this measure, at least a desired temperature and, for preference, a specific relative humidity can be attained of the thread strip finally running off the surface of the cooling drum.",
119
+ "If two cooling drums are present, the first is to be relatively small in diameter and therefore manufactured economically and more easily with the required precision of concentricity. It can be optimized with regard to its function in respect of the depositing of the strip (very fine perforation in the screen) and lateral strip guidance. The second cooling drum is not critical with regard to precision of concentricity and precision of rotational speed, and can therefore also be economically manufactured. The diameter of this drum, delimited only by the machine layout, allows for a substantial cooling length, and therefore a very high speed potential. The system imposes far fewer high demands on the mutual positioning of the key components than, for example, the Rolltex or the ZIP process from Honeywell.",
120
+ "Thanks to the cooling lengths being of hardly any limit due to the corresponding machine layout, a capacity of 5000 m/min is achievable.",
121
+ "In the texturing device, in particular with a maximum length of the compression part of 60mm, a guide part with maximum the same length is connected, along which the texturing yarn can be guided in the form of a strip to the surface of the drum, and, subsequent to this first guide part, after a deflection, a second guide part is provided along the surface of the drum, by means of which the textured yarn is guided, on the one hand, in the radial direction as well as in the axial direction of the drum. It is also possible for a third guide part to be connected. By means of the last two parts, a medium can be introduced to the thread strip concerned.",
122
+ "The invention is described in detail hereinafter on the basis of the drawings. These show:",
123
+ "FIG. 1: In diagrammatic form, a section through a texturing nozzle with a cooling drum connected;",
124
+ "FIG. 1a: A plan view of a texturing system in diagrammatic representation;",
125
+ "FIG. 1b: A meridian view through a part of a drum wall with a strip in transverse section;",
126
+ "FIG. 1c: An overview of the relative location of a nozzle block, and of the first and second drum in relation to each other;",
127
+ "FIG. 2: A section through a texturing nozzle according to the invention, in a diagrammatic representation;",
128
+ "FIG. 3: An overview drawing of a texturing nozzle with rollers or drums connected to it;",
129
+ "FIG. 4 and FIG. 4a: Cooling devices, and cooling air delivery devices respectively;",
130
+ "FIG. 5: An air guidance system in schematic form for the entire thread production system.",
131
+ "Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each embodiment is presented by way of explanation of the invention, and not meant as a limitation of the invention. It should be apparent that modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.",
132
+ "The nozzle 10 is shown in FIG. 1 together with a cooling drum 22. The yarn entering from above is guided through an intake part 12 to the point at which hot air or super-heated steam is introduced through channels pointing downwards (there may be one or more channels). This air flows through the subsequent delivery part 14 together with the yarn 1, as far as the entry to the compression part 16. The compression part is for preference formed by lamellar plates or slots oriented longitudinally around the yarn, through which the hot air can flow out radially to the outside. In the compression part 16 is formed what is referred to as the strip 1\u2032, which retains its shape and density along a subsequent first guide piece 18 and a second guide piece or \u201cshoe\u201d20. By contrast with the prior art, the yarn strip is guided further in such a way that it cannot expand. In the transition area between the first guide part 18 and the second guide part 20, the yarn is deflected essentially transverse to its original direction, in the figure pointing downwards. The second guide piece 20 continues over a specific length along the circumference of a rotating perforated drum 22, on the surface of which the textured yarn is guided in a channel 24. The term \u201csecond guide piece\u201d is to be understood to mean, on the one hand, a cover over the drum, and, on the other, the groove section in the drum beneath the cover, as well as the combination of cover/groove section, with which the strip 1\u2032 is guided on all sides. In the area of the guide part 20 or shoe 20 respectively there is located an inlet point for cooling air, through which the arrow 52e in FIG. 1 is pointing. A connection line at 52e for the medium referred to, for the conditioning of the thread, is connected at the guide piece or the shoe 20 respectively. Located inside the shoe is a system of drill holes, which is open against the surface of the strip 1\u2032. Inside the shoe is a connection between the delivery line at 52e and the drill hole system 52f. The strip is therefore, on the one hand, conditioned or cooled by the blowing out of a medium on the surface of the cooling drum, and, on the other, by the subsequent imposition of underpressure on the drum, as described hereinafter.",
133
+ "Underpressure pertains inside the drum, so that cooling air can enter through the strip running on the surface of the drum 22 and through the perforation into the interior of the drum. Due to the narrow guidance arrangement, on the one hand due to the lateral channel walls in a channel, and on the other due to the concentrated air emerging through the floor of the channel, the strip is prevented from making movements relative to the drum. It is therefore guided on a trajectory at the circumference of the drum 22, and retains its shape and density, until the yarn is discharged from the drum 22 by a conveying device, not shown. It is only at this stage that what is referred to as the expansion of the strip takes place.",
134
+ "Major features of the nozzle 10 designed according to the invention, in conjunction with a drum 22, consist of the fact that the yarn strip, after leaving the compression part 16, is prevented from expansion. This is achieved in particular by the deflection between the first guide part 18 and the second guide part 20, as well as by the narrow guidance arrangement in these areas, for example between the second guide part 20 and a channel 24 in the perforated drum 22. With conventional nozzles, in which the textured yarn is laid freely on the surface of a cooling drum, the yarn strip can form loops due to the absence of lateral guidance, as a result of which a partial expansion of the strip takes place. Due to this free emergence of the yarn strip at the outlet of the nozzle, with the prior art as mentioned in the preamble, a more powerful braking effect is necessary in the area of the strip formation, i.e. in the compression part 16, in order to achieve the desired curling effect. This may lead to problems in the event of changes in the operational conditions, which have an influence on the friction coefficient.",
135
+ "Due to the fact that the strip is prevented from changing shape in or at the guide piece 18 and 20 respectively following the compression part 16, the texturing of the yarn in this part of the nozzle is better stabilized than with conventional nozzles.",
136
+ "According to FIG. 1a, a nozzle block 100, in which several texturing nozzles can be assembled, is arranged at a first drum 22, in accordance with the side view in FIG. 1. In each case, a nozzle 10 and a second guide part 20 are located close to a groove 220, or in the channel 24 respectively. The drum wall is perforated in the area of the groove 220, indicated in FIG. 1a by the grey area located inside the area of the groove 220. The thread runs of the filament yarn 1 from the nozzle block 100 to the first drum 22, and onwards to a second drum 23, are indicated by thin dotted lines. The drum 23 is, as for preference is the drum 22, provided with a perforation in the area of the thread run of a thread 1, as indicated by the grey marked areas within the circumference of the drums. Through these perforations, or boreholes, air enters the interior of the drums, since the interior of the drums is subjected to under-pressure by the connection of a fan 30 via a channel 32. In this situation, different pressure levels may pertain in the individual interior chambers of the drums 22 and 23. While the air, flowing through the boreholes 222 according to FIG. 1b into the interior of the drum 22 transversely through the strip 1\u2032 in accordance with the direction of the arrow into the groove 220, and which enters the interior through boreholes in accordance with FIG. 1b, serves in particular to hold the strip 1\u2032 securely on the floor of the groove, and secondly also serves to cool it, the air entering the second drum 23 has the task in particular of cooling the thread, so that is drawn off by conveyor rollers on the discharge side of the drum 23 cooled down to ambient temperature, and can be further wound onto a spool. The boreholes 222 in the wall of the first drum 22 are for preference produced by material-removing machining or by erosion, while the second drum 23 may exhibit a casing of perforated sheet metal, since it does not have to be manufactured with narrow manufacturing tolerances. By contrast with this, the first drum 22 is for preference machined with the removal of material at least on the outer circumference, in order for it to be arranged at a very short distance from the nozzle block 100. The following dimensions, or parameters, are to be respected for preference:",
137
+ "Outer diameter of the first drum 22\n100 . . . 200 mm\n\n\nDepth of groove 220\n4 . . . 8 mm\n\n\nWidth of groove 220\n6 . . . 10 mm\n\n\nDiameter of boreholes 222\n0.5 . . . 1 mm\n\n\nNumber of boreholes 222 on the floor of the groove\n2,000 . . . 10,000\n\n\nNumber of thread tracks or grooves 220 per drum 22\n2 to 6 (8)\n\n\nDistance between nozzle 10 or second guide part 20\n0.5 . . . 2 mm\n\n\nand the outer circumference of the drum 22\n\n\nOuter diameter of the second drum 23\n300 . . . 1000 mm\n\n\nTemperature of the air or steam flowing into the\n160 . . . 200\u00b0 C.\n\n\nnozzle 10\n\n\nTemperature of the strip 1\u2032 when running off the\n60 . . . 100\u00b0 C.\n\n\ndrum 22 and when running onto the drum 23\n\n\nrespectively\n\n\nContact angle of the strip 1\u2032 on the first drum 22\n120 . . . 270\u00b0 C.\n\n\nfrom the run-on point at the nozzle 1 to run-off\n\n\npoint at a guide element 22a\n\n\nRatio of the speed of the thread entering the\n50 . . . 120\n\n\nnozzle 10 to the circumferential speed of the drum 22",
138
+ "Attention may be drawn to the fact that the strip is indeed formed in the texturing nozzle 10, but its departure speed and packing density are not controlled in the nozzle, since it is only inadequately braked inside the nozzle channel, as a result of the weak friction of the strip inside the compression part 16, or the guide part 18 respectively. This is the result, therefore, of the fact that the cross-section of the channel in the compression part 16 or in the first guide piece 18 respectively, decreased comparatively sharply in the direction of the material flow, corresponding to a cone angle of 1 to 10 degrees, if the inner wall of the compression part 16 or of the guide part 18 respectively is designed in conical form.",
139
+ "As already mentioned, a precise and narrow position of a texturing nozzle 10 to the thread track concerned on the first drum 22 is necessary, since the departure speed and packing density of a strip is determined not in the texturing nozzle itself, but only at the circumference of the first drum. To draw the threads into the texturing system, the first drum 22 must be moved away from the nozzle block 100 or from the texturing nozzles 10 respectively, which is brought about to advantage by the pivoting or sliding of the drum 22 away from the nozzle block 100. It would likewise be possible for the nozzle block 100, or an individual texturing nozzle 10 respectively, to be moved away from the first drum 22 by means of a slide device. According to FIG. 1a, a drum 22 can be connected via a shaft, indicated by a broken line, to a drive unit 224 with bearings, which is securely mounted in a carrier element 226. The drive unit 224 consists for preference of a(n) (asynchronous) motor controlled or regulated by means of a frequency converter, in a structural unit with a reduction gear system, whereby the drum shaft 22w is guided by at least two bearings at the drive unit 224. The carrier part 226 can be designed as a housing, which is located either in a pivot bearing 226\u2032 in a frame, or can be mounted in a guide bearing 229. In the first variant, a pivot device 228a is to be provided for moving the drum 22 away from the nozzle block 100, while in the other case, with the displacement ability of the carrier part 226 in the guide bearing 229, a displacement device 228b is required. The latter devices are for preference provided with pneumatic or hydraulic drive cylinders.",
140
+ "Like the first drum 22, the second drum 23 also exhibits a drive unit 234 with bearing, whereby this can likewise exhibit an independent revolution-speed controlled electric motor.",
141
+ "As is shown in FIG. 1, the densely-packed strip 1\u2032 is guided at the circumference of the first drum 22 with the guide part 20, or in the 220 respectively, until the run-out point, whereby the run-out of the strip in the direction onto the second drum 23 is effected by a guide element 22a or a blower device 22b.",
142
+ "According to FIG. 1c, a contact area e for the thread 1 or strip 1\u2032 is provided at the drum 22, as well as a contact area f at the drum 23. The deflection of the thread or strip in the area e amounts for preference to 180 . . . 270 degrees, and in the area f between 90 and 270 degrees. The run directions of the thread or strip are indicated by a sequence of arrows. The drums exhibit a depression, for preference a groove 220, as the run point of each thread.",
143
+ "According to FIG. 1c, a second and/or third blower device 20a, 20b for cooling air can be arranged at the circumference of the drums 22 and 23, with blow-out apertures directed onto the thread run.",
144
+ "The second and/or third, as appropriate, blower device respectively are designed arranged as in connection with the description of FIG. 4.",
145
+ "According to FIG. 2, the nozzle 10 is likewise divided into a delivery part 14, a compression part 16, and a guide part 18, where by the latter is also referred to as the strip guide tube. In the delivery part 14, in accordance with the arrows drawn in at the top, air enters laterally into a delivery channel, through which the yarn which is to be textured is conducted downwards. The compression part is divided according to the embodiment example into a lamellar plate holder 26, in which lamellar plates 28 are located at the bottom, which are arranged in a plurality of circles, so that slots or gaps are formed between the lamellar plates, through which, in the area of the compression part 16, the air emerges in the direction of the arrow at 28 more or less radially through the slots between the lamellar plates. The lamellar plate holder 26 can be designed as a flange, which is either designed as a single piece together with the lamellar plates 28, which is inserted into the lamellar plate holder, and, for example, can be connected with it by soldering. The outer contour 28\u2032 of the lamellar plates can, as indicated by extended lines, run obliquely to the flow direction of the air or the conveying direction of the yarn respectively, or the lamellar plates can, as indicated by the broken line, be arranged essentially parallel to the direction of flow, and run together at least on the outlet-side end of the strip obliquely to the conveying direction, so that, on the outlet side, the outer edges of the lamellar plates essentially form a circular truncated cone, said circular truncated cone projects into an end piece 18\u2032 or into the guide part or the strip guide tube 18, whereby the end piece 18\u2032 or the guide piece 18 respectively likewise exhibit a truncated cone surface. For preference, the lamellar plates 28 on the outlet side, and the end piece 18\u2032 or the guide piece 18 on the inlet side, are designed in such a way that between the outer contour 28\u2032 of the lamellar plates 28 and the inner surface of the end piece 18\u2032 or the guide 18, a narrow gap of approximately constant height is formed. This gap likewise has the form of a circular truncated cone.",
146
+ "Expressed in general terms, the angle \u201ca\u201d between a first extension or projection line a\u2032 at the outlet-side outer contour 28\u2032 of a lamellar plate 28, and a second extension line b\u2032 in an extension of a casing line of the circular truncated cone on the inlet side of the guide part 18, forms a first angle a, while the second extension line b\u2032 encloses an angle b with an edge 10a of the nozzle 10. For preference, the following ranges are proposed for the angles a and b: a=0 . . . 1 . . . 4\u00b0, b=30 . . . 45 . . . 60\u00b0, whereby the values underlined have in practice transpired to be favourable. A separation plane 18\u2033 may be located between the end piece 18\u2032 and the first guide part 18.",
147
+ "In FIG. 3 a diagrammatic representation is once again provided showing that, following on from a nozzle 10, either a pair of delivery rollers 22, 22\u2032 can be provided, to draw off the yarn strip which has been formed, or a single drum 22, over the surface of which the strip is guided off in a controlled manner, as is described in the German Patent Application DE 199 55 227.4. The latter application is to be regarded as an integral part of the present application and is thus incorporated herein by reference.",
148
+ "According to FIG. 4, as has already been represented in greater detail in FIG. 1, and explained in connection with the corresponding description, at the outlet point of the thread on the drum 22, a guide 20 or a shoe 20 respectively is located, through which an inlet point 52e leads for cooling air or another medium, into the interior of the guide 20 or the shoe 20, in which, as already mentioned; a system of boreholes or passage apertures is located. FIG. 4a shows, in a view from the left onto the parts in FIG. 4, the plan view onto the side of the shoe 20 turned towards the drum, or of the air deflection plate at the blower device 20a. The air deflection plate, as likewise for the blower device 20b, is represented with a sharply drawn out pivoted line in the side view onto the arrangement. The passage apertures can, according to FIG. 4a, be circular passages or of another shape. In FIG. 4, an air inlet point for cooling air is represented at the drum 23, with a connection stub next to the arrow at 52e and a cover, connected on one side to the connection stubs and on the other to an air deflection plate, which is tensioned above the surface of a cooling drum, designated here by 23. The blower device 20a is accordingly also capable of being drawn out. The medium, or the cooling air in particular, is therefore, with a design with two cooling drums 22 and 23, conducted via the shoe 20, on further by a blower device 20a and 20b, for preference formed by means of a connection stub and a cover with air deflection plate, designated in FIG. 4 by 20c.",
149
+ "FIG. 5 represents an overview of a production system 40 for textured filament yarn, taking into consideration the air flows for cooled air or for heated air. Plastic material is heated by an extruder 41, and conducted to the spinning device 42 with a spinning beam and a cooling shaft. Located beneath this is a texturing system 44 with texturing nozzles 10, as represented in FIG. 1 and described in greater detail in the corresponding description. The texturing system 44 further comprises at least one, or, as indicated in FIG. 5, two cooling drums 22, 23 with an inlet point 52e analogous to the inlet point 52d at the spinning device 42 for cooled air. Located in turn beneath the texturing system 44 is a stretching device and a winding device 46 for the textured material.",
150
+ "With a larger production system it may be of advantage to provide for an energy exchange arrangement for the cooling or heating of air by means of a cooling system 50. In the cooling system 50 is an inlet point 52a for ambient air, as well as a draw-off point 52b for cooled air, indicated in each case by dotted arrows. The cooling system comprises, for example, an evaporator 52 with a heat exchanger for a cooling medium, whereby, by the evaporation of the cooling medium, energy is drawn from the ambient air inflowing at 52a, whereby this air is cooled to the required degree and conducted onwards through the draw-off point 52b to the production system 40. In this situation, the energy drawn from the inflowing ambient air is conducted to the evaporator 52 per time unit E2 or per power unit, indicated by the arrow E2. In the circuit process for the cooling medium, this medium passes on the other side to a compressor 54 with heat exchanger for cooling the cooling medium which has been heating by the compression. In a further heat exchanger at the compressor 54, energy E1 is drawn off from the cooling medium, indicated by the arrow at E1, this energy being conducted to the ambient air introduced at the intake point 54a. This heated air, drawn off at the removal point 54b of the cooling system, can be used, for example, for heating the extruder 41, being conducted to this at the intake point 54c, or, for texturing at the texturing nozzles 10, at least for heating the air which is required at that location. The air which is cooled at the draw-off point 52b is, on the other hand, conducted in particular at the inlet point 52e to the cooling drums 22, 23, as shown in detail in connection with the figure description of FIG. 4. The air inlet routes are represented in simplified form; it is understood that, in order to maintain the desired temperature in each case at the points concerned, further measures are necessary, such as an electrical heating device at the extruder 41 or an admixture of additional air, indicated by the extended arrow at 52e. The inlet points 52d and 52e respectively for cooling air at the quenching cell of the spinning device 42 and at the texturing system 44 are indicated with dotted arrows, corresponding to the inlet points for heating air at the inlet points 54c and 54f with extended arrows.",
151
+ "The energy E2 in the cooling circuit, conducted to the evaporator in the corresponding heat exchanger, is smaller per time unit or the corresponding power output, than the energy converted in the heat exchanger at the compressor 54, i.e. the energy introduced to the inflowing air, per time unit and per power unit E1. The difference corresponds to the power to be applied in the compressor 54 to the cooling medium in the cooling system 50.",
152
+ "It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims and their equivalents."
153
+ ],
154
+ "citations": [
155
+ "3469293",
156
+ "4019228",
157
+ "4157604",
158
+ "4296535",
159
+ "4301578",
160
+ "4558497",
161
+ "4620345",
162
+ "4765042",
163
+ "4974302",
164
+ "5088168",
165
+ "5653010",
166
+ "5974777",
167
+ "2002/0035770",
168
+ "1101849",
169
+ "1300379"
170
+ ],
171
+ "us_classification": "28266",
172
+ "international_classifications": [
173
+ {
174
+ "classification_level": "A",
175
+ "section": "D",
176
+ "classification_class": "02",
177
+ "subclass": "G",
178
+ "main_group": "1",
179
+ "subgroup": "12"
180
+ }
181
+ ]
182
+ }
json_patents/06983520.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Method and apparatus for making an absorbent composite",
3
+ "abstract": "A method and apparatus for making an absorbent composite from continuous tow is disclosed. The method and apparatus includes the steps of or means for spreading a crimped tow; de-registering the crimped tow; shaping the de-registered tow to a substantially rectangular cross-section; and distributing a particulate onto the shaped tow. The method and apparatus also include the step of or means for introducing a crimped tow from a bale, wherein the tow's travel through de-registering, shaping, and particulate distribution, defines a vertical plane and the bale is located off the vertical plane.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Ames",
6
+ "Kenley",
7
+ "Wygand",
8
+ "Lomax"
9
+ ],
10
+ "document_number": "06983520",
11
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
12
+ "assignees": [
13
+ "Celanese Acetate, LLC"
14
+ ],
15
+ "claims": [
16
+ {
17
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
18
+ "preamble": "1. A method for making an absorbent composite from a continuous tow comprising the steps of:",
19
+ "components": [
20
+ {
21
+ "component": "introducing a crimped tow from a bale;",
22
+ "subcomponents": []
23
+ },
24
+ {
25
+ "component": "spreading the crimped tow;",
26
+ "subcomponents": []
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "component": "de-registering the crimped tow;",
30
+ "subcomponents": []
31
+ },
32
+ {
33
+ "component": "shaping the de-registered tow; and",
34
+ "subcomponents": []
35
+ },
36
+ {
37
+ "component": "distributing a particulate onto the shaped tow,",
38
+ "subcomponents": []
39
+ }
40
+ ]
41
+ },
42
+ {
43
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
44
+ "preamble": "2. The method of claim 1 wherein off the vertical plane being at any angle less than 90\u00b0 from a line perpendicular to the vertical plane.",
45
+ "components": []
46
+ },
47
+ {
48
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
49
+ "preamble": "3. The method of claim 2 wherein off the vertical plane being at an angle of 90\u00b0 from the vertical plane.",
50
+ "components": []
51
+ },
52
+ {
53
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
54
+ "preamble": "4. The method of claim 1 wherein off the vertical plane being spaced away from the vertical plane.",
55
+ "components": []
56
+ },
57
+ {
58
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
59
+ "preamble": "5. The method of claim 1 further comprising shaping the de-registered tow to a substantially rectangular cross-section.",
60
+ "components": []
61
+ },
62
+ {
63
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
64
+ "preamble": "6. The method of claim 1 further comprising applying a liquid to the tow.",
65
+ "components": []
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
69
+ "preamble": "7. An apparatus for making an absorbent composite from a continuous tow comprising:",
70
+ "components": [
71
+ {
72
+ "component": "means for introducing a crimped tow from a bale;",
73
+ "subcomponents": []
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "component": "means for spreading the crimped tow;",
77
+ "subcomponents": []
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "component": "means for de-registering the crimped tow;",
81
+ "subcomponents": []
82
+ },
83
+ {
84
+ "component": "means for shaping the de-registered tow; and",
85
+ "subcomponents": []
86
+ },
87
+ {
88
+ "component": "means for distributing a particulate onto the shaped tow,",
89
+ "subcomponents": []
90
+ }
91
+ ]
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
95
+ "preamble": "8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein off the vertical plane being at any angle less than 90\u00b0 from a line perpendicular to the vertical plane.",
96
+ "components": []
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
100
+ "preamble": "9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein off the vertical plane being at an angle of 90\u00b0 from the vertical plane.",
101
+ "components": []
102
+ },
103
+ {
104
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
105
+ "preamble": "10. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein off the vertical plane being spaced away from the vertical plane.",
106
+ "components": []
107
+ },
108
+ {
109
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
110
+ "preamble": "11. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising means for shaping the de-registered tow to a substantially rectangular cross-section.",
111
+ "components": []
112
+ },
113
+ {
114
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
115
+ "preamble": "12. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising means for applying a liquid to the tow.",
116
+ "components": []
117
+ }
118
+ ],
119
+ "description": [
120
+ "The invention is directed to a method and apparatus for making an absorbent composite from a continuous tow.",
121
+ "An absorbent composite is a component of a disposable absorbent garment. Such garments include, but are not limited to, infant diapers or training pants, adult incontinence products, and feminine hygiene products. Typically, the absorbent composite comprises mixtures of fibrous material (e.g., wood pulp or fluff) and a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) that are sandwiched between strata, such as tissues, nonwovens, and permeable and impermeable films.",
122
+ "It is known to use continuous tow in the manufacture of absorbent composites. See Japanese Kokoku 60-26537, US SIR H1565, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,068,620; 6,253,431; and 6,543,106. Each is discussed below.",
123
+ "Japanese Kokoku 60-26537 discloses an absorbent structure made of crimped acetate tow and pulverized pulp but no SAP. Referring to FIG. 4, the process for making the absorbent structure is shown. Tow is removed from a bale and is spread by an air banding jet 14. The tow is then de-registered between roller pairs 16, 17. The de-registered tow is further spread and given a uniform density by a second air jet 18. Pulverized pulp 21 is spread on to opened tow after it leaves the second air jet. Thereafter, absorbent sheets are added and the absorbent pad is folded into its final form.",
124
+ "U.S. Statutory Invention Registration H1565 discloses an absorbent structure made of crimped acetate tow and SAP that is preferably adhered to the opened tow by a binder. The tow is opened with a Korber & Co. Model AF2 machine (a common machine used in the manufacture of cigarette filters) and subsequently a mixture of binder and SAP or binder then SAP is added to the tow.",
125
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 6,068,620 discloses an absorbent core made of fibrous crimped acetate tow and SAP between an upper and lower layer. Referring to FIG. 7, SAP is added to the tow via a mixing chamber.",
126
+ "U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,253,431 and 6,543,106 disclose a method of making an absorbent structure from crimped acetate tow and SAP. Referring to FIG. 1, tow from a bale is spread by a banding jet 130. The tow is then partially de-registered (or opened) through the roller assemblies 40, 64, 70. Each roller assembly has a metal roller 42, 62, 72 and a rubber roller 44, 64, 74. Optimally, a liquid is applied to the opened tow by liquid additive assembly 80. The tow is then further opened, shaped in air jet 240. Solid substances, such as SAP, are added after the fully opened and shaped tow emerges from jet 240. Solid substances are added via a vibratory feeder.",
127
+ "There is, however, a need for more practical processes and apparatus to make an absorbent composite.",
128
+ "A method and apparatus for making an absorbent composite from continuous tow is disclosed. The method and apparatus includes the steps of or means for spreading a crimped tow; de-registering the crimped tow; shaping the de-registered tow; and distributing a particulate onto the shaped tow. The method and apparatus also include the step of or means for introducing a crimped tow from a bale, wherein the tow's travel through de-registering, shaping, and particulate distribution, defines a vertical plane and the bale is located off the vertical plane.",
129
+ "For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings a form that is presently preferred; it being understood, however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.",
130
+ "FIGS. 1, 1a, and 1b are schematic views of the present invention.",
131
+ "FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the present invention.",
132
+ "FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the de-registration mechanism of the present invention.",
133
+ "FIG. 4 is an elevational view of the shaping and particulate distribution mechanisms of the present invention.",
134
+ "FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the particulate distribution mechanism of the present invention.",
135
+ "FIGS. 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d are elevational views of a portion of the particulate distribution mechanism of the present invention.",
136
+ "Referring to the drawings wherein like numerals indicate like elements, there is shown in FIG. 1 an apparatus 10 for making an absorbent composite from a continuous tow.",
137
+ "The absorbent composite discussed herein is for use in manufacture of absorbent garments. Absorbent garments include, for example, diapers or training pants, adult incontinence products, and feminine hygiene products. The absorbent composites disclosed herein are particularly useful in the absorbent cores and garments disclosed in U.S. Patent Publications Nos. 2003/0105442; 2003/0114814; 2003/0135177; and 2003/0135178, each is incorporated herein by reference.",
138
+ "Tow is a large strand of continuous manufactured fiber filaments without definite twist, collected in a loose, band- or rope-like form, usually held together by crimp. Suitable tows materials include, but are not limited to, polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides, cellulosics, and mixtures thereof. Of these, cellulosic fibers are preferred. Cellulosic fibers include rayon, acetate (cellulose acetate), and triacetate (cellulose triacetate) fibers. Acetate tow is most preferred. For example, an acetate tow may consist of about 2,500 to about 25,000 fibers having an individual denier of from about 1 to about 15, preferably from 2 to 10, and most preferably 3 to 8. The total denier of a single acetate tow band may range from about 2,500 to about 125,000, preferably 15,000 to 75,000, and most preferably 20,000 to 40,000. The tow is preferably crimped, with about 5 to about 40 crimps per inch (2 to 16 crimps per cm), preferably, 25 to 30 crimps per inch (10 to 12 crimps per cm). The fibers of the tow may have any cross-sectional shape, including \u2018y,\u2019 \u2018x,\u2019 round, crenulated, dog bone or combinations thereof. The tow may include a finish, the finish comprising about 0.3% to about 5% by weight of the tow, preferably, 0.5 to 2.0%. The tow's cross-sectional dimensions may range from about 25 mm to 100 mm in width, preferably, 40 to 60 mm, and about 1 to 10 mm in height, preferably 2 to 5 mm. Tows are commercially available and are delivered in compressed bales.",
139
+ "In FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown an apparatus 10 for making absorbent composites from a continuous tow. Apparatus 10 generally comprises: apparatus 13 for spreading the tow, i.e., increasing its width from its compressed state in the bale; a de-registering apparatus 40 for de-registering the crimped fibers of the tow; a tow shaping apparatus 54 for forming the tow into its desired cross-sectional shape; a particle distribution apparatus 56 whereby particulate matter, e.g., SAP, may be delivered to the shaped tow, and a wind-up station 60 where the particulate laden, shaped tow is sandwiched between strata and then wound-up. Wind-up may be eliminated and the absorbent composite may be run directly into a subsequent machine for formation into the ultimate absorbent garment (for example, see: U.S. Patent Publications Nos. 2003/0105442; 2003/0114814; 2003/0134559; 2003/0135177; 2003/0135178; 2003/0150551, each is incorporated herein by reference).",
140
+ "Bale 12 is preferably located at a right angle to the travel of the tow through the de-registering apparatus 40, tow shaping apparatus 54, and particulate distribution apparatus 56. The bale may be located at any location, including a position inline with the foregoing apparatus. However, location at the right angle is preferred to allow easy access to the bale for changing out depleted bales and to allow easier visual inspection of the tow by an operator.",
141
+ "Tow 14 is delivered to spreading apparatus 13 from bale 12. Apparatus 13 guides between two locations and spreads the tow. Spreading apparatus 13 preferably has at least two banding jets. These banding jets work to spread and stabilize the tow as it moves through the rest of apparatus 10. Tow 14 is drawn from bale 12 and guided through rings 16 to a first banding jet 18. Banding jet 18 is a device that is used to spread (i.e., increase the width) and stabilize the tow 14. Banding jet 18, see FIG. 1a, generally comprises a plate 20 having a channel 22 with an air nozzle 24 located within channel 22. Any conventional banding jet may be used, for example see U.S. Pat. No. 3,226,773 or U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/219,818 filed Dec. 23, 1998, both are incorporated herein by reference. Air nozzle 24 is shown as a chevron, however, other shapes or patterns are permissible, for example, slots can be replaced by holes. The chevron may have a width of 50\u2013140 mm. Compressed air is blown through air nozzle 24 and partially spreads the tow. The pressure of the compressed air may range from 0.5 to 5.0 psig, preferably, 2.5\u20133.0 psig. The width of channel 22 is referred to as W1.",
142
+ "Tow carrier structure 26 carries tow 14 leaving banding jet 18 over the distance from jet 18 to the rest of apparatus 10. Guide roller 28, located at the distal end of carrier 26, re-orients the tow for entry into the rest of the apparatus 10.",
143
+ "Second banding jet 30 receives tow 14 from guide roller 28. The second banding jet 30, FIG. 1b, comprises a plate 32 having a channel 34 with an air nozzle 36. Any conventional banding jet may be used, for example see U.S. Pat. No. 3,226,773 or U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/219,818 filed Dec. 23, 1998, both are incorporated herein by reference. Air nozzle 36 is shown as a chevron, however, other shapes or patterns are permissible, for example, slots can be replaced by holes. The chevron may have a width of 70\u2013155 mm. Compressed air is blown through air nozzle 36 and partially spreads the tow. The pressure of the compressed air may range from 0.5 to 5.0 psig, preferably, 3.0\u20133.5 psig. Channel 34 has a width W2. Preferably, W1 is less than W2.",
144
+ "Cabinet 38 (shown in phantom) contains de-registering apparatus 40 that receives tow 14 from spreading apparatus 13. Cabinet 38 acts as a shielding device to prevent contaminates such as adhesives from gumming up or fouling the roll surfaces of the de-registering apparatus 40 and as a safety device. While cabinet 38 is preferred, other means can be used to accomplish the shielding function, such as, for example, curtains, air curtains, wire cages. Cabinet 38 will be discussed in greater detail below.",
145
+ "De-registering apparatus 40, which is preferably contained within cabinet 38, has at least two pairs of rollers 42 and 48. In de-registration, the individual crimped filaments of the tow are de-registered (or opened) and prepared for shaping. Roller pair 42 has a metal-faced roller 44 and a rubber-faced roller 46 (rubber-faced refers to any elastic polymer). Roller pair 48 also has a metal-faced roller 50 and a rubber-faced roller 52 (rubber-faced refers to any elastic polymer). The metal-faced rollers are driven and have diameters of 160 mm. The rubber-faced rollers have diameters of 250 mm. The pair of rollers 42 and 48 may be vertically oriented (as shown), horizontally oriented, or at some angle therebetween. Metal-faced rollers 48 and 50 may be smooth, grooved, threaded, textured, or combinations thereof. When grooved or threaded, the ratio of open surface to flat surface may nominally range from 90:10 to 10:90, preferably with 25:75; 50:50; and 75:25, and most preferred, 75:25. The rubber-faced rollers are preferably placed opposite one another in the pairing as shown, but they may be disposed on the same side, preferably on the side closest to apparatus 54, so that fibers in the tow do not foul in the open surface of the metal rollers. The nip pressure between each roller pairs 42 and 48 is two (2) bars with a 70 mm diameter pressure cylinder. The roller pair 48 has greater surface speed than roller pair 42. When cellulose acetate tow is used, the ratio of roller speed for pair 48 (S48) to pair 42 (S42) may range from 1\u2266S48/S42\u22662, and S48/S42 is preferably 1.1\u20131.7, and most preferred 1.3\u20131.4.",
146
+ "Optionally, a liquid application station 53 located after de-registration apparatus 40 may be used. Such liquids may be used to, for example, facilitate binding of fibers in the tow or particulate to the tow, or deodorize or scent the absorbent composite, or add an anti-microbial agent to the composite, or alter the hydrophilicity of the tow. Such liquids include water, hydrophilic liquids (such as alcohols, glycols, dimethyl sulfide, ketones, ethers and the like), plasticizers (such as triacetin), surfactants, and solutions containing plasticizers, surfactants and the like. Liquid application station 53 may include spray nozzles, disk applicators, rotating brush applicators, wick contact rolls, and the like, as is known in the art.",
147
+ "Tow shaping apparatus 54 receives the tow 14 from de-registering apparatus 40. Tow shaping apparatus 54 is used to shape the opened tow into a predetermined cross-sectional shape, preferably a generally rectangular cross-section, for use in the absorbent garment. Other cross-sectional shapes are also possible, they include: circular, oval, square, channeled, and grooved. A preferred tow shaping apparatus 54 is illustrated in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,253,431, incorporated herein by reference. Another tow shaping apparatus 54 is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,331,976, incorporated herein by reference. When tow-shaping apparatus 54 has a 70 mm width, banding jet 18 has a width (W1) of 62.5 mm and banding jet 30 has a width (W2) of 65 mm. When apparatus 54 has a width of 110, W1 is 82.5 mm and W2 is 108 mm. When apparatus 54 has a width of 120, W1 is 102.5 mm and W2 is 118 mm. Additionally, apparatus 54 includes a dancer (not shown) that controls the thickness of the shaped tow as it exits apparatus 54. The dancer is preferably a plate pivotally mounted within apparatus 54 and adapted to have bearing engagement with the tow along the tow's width. The dancer controls the thickness of the tow to ensure uniform thickness of the tow and to enable the line speeds disclosed hereinafter. The dancer is also illustrated in U.S. Patent Publications 2003/0130638; 2003/0135176; 2003/0143324, each is incorporated herein by reference.",
148
+ "Particulate distribution apparatus 56 is located at the distal end of tow shaping apparatus 54. Particulate distribution apparatus 56 is used to distribute particulate in a predetermined manner onto and/or into the opened, shaped tow and will be discussed in greater detail below. Particulate particularly includes SAP, but also includes other solid materials, such as adhesives, fragrances, wood pulp, deodorizers, anti-microbial agents, and the like. Particulate distribution apparatus 56 is further described in U.S. Patent Publications Nos. 2003/0130638; 2003/0132762; 2003/0135176; and 2003/0143324, each is incorporated herein by reference.",
149
+ "Wind-up apparatus 60 is used to sandwich the particulate laden, shaped tow between strata (for example, tissues, nonwovens, and permeable and non permeable films). Apparatus 60 is conventional and driven. Strata 100 from unwind apparatus 62 is fed through a plurality of guide rollers 106 and passed by an adhesive applicator 64 to a vacuum apparatus 58. Adhesive applicator 64 may be any adhesive applicator, but preferably is a hot melt adhesive applicator. Vacuum applicator 58 is coupled to a vacuum source 104 (see FIG. 4) and may be any suitable vacuum apparatus, such as a vacuum drum or vacuum table (also see: U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0134559, incorporated herein by reference). Vacuum pressures range from 3\u20136 inches of water, preferably 5 inches of water. The vacuum drum or vacuum table is, preferably, driven. Strata 102 from unwind apparatus 66 is fed through a plurality of guide rollers 108 and passed by another adhesive applicator 64 to vacuum apparatus 58. At vacuum apparatus 58, stratum 100 and 102 sandwich the particulate laden, shaped tow. Strata 102 is pressed into the other layers by a lay on roller 110. Lay on roller 110 may include a cavity of channel 114 (see FIG. 5) to shape the absorbent composite 112 into a predetermined shape (e.g., hour glass, rectangular, etc.) and/or press stratum together for sealing. Thereafter, absorbent composite 112 may be wound-up on wind-up apparatus 60 or fed directly to a machine for making an absorbent garment.",
150
+ "The line speed, as measured at the vacuum drum 58, is preferably greater than 190 m/min, preferably greater than 225 m/min, and most preferably greater than 250 m/min. The maximum line speed is about 300 m/min. The ratio of tow speed exiting from cabinet 38 to the line speed at the vacuum drum 58 is greater than 1 and less than 3, preferably between 1.8 to 3.0, and most preferably about 2.4. This allows accumulation of the tow in the tow shaping apparatus 54. Additionally, line speed can be used to control particulate distribution apparatus 56. Coupling line speed to apparatus 56 minimizes particulate (e.g., SAP) loss during ramp up and ramp down of apparatus 10.",
151
+ "Additionally, static elimination devices (not shown) may be placed in apparatus 10 adjacent the tow band to decrease static charges that may accumulate on the tow band. Placement of those devices is within the skill of the art. Further, the driven rollers are preferably coupled or controlled (not shown) in a conventional manner to facilitate start-up, shutdown, and vary line speeds during operation.",
152
+ "In FIG. 3, cabinet 38 is shown in greater detail. Tow 14 prior to entering cabinet 38 engages guide rollers 76. Guide rollers 76 may be opened and closed via an opening mechanism 78. Guide rollers 76 have a diameter of 50 mm and exert a nip pressure ranging from 0.5\u20135 bar, preferably 2\u20132.5 bar (using a 1.0625 inch cylinder). Cabinet 38 includes a door 70 that is fastened to the rest of the cabinet via hinges 72 and may be fastened shut by latch 74. Cabinet 38 encloses de-registering apparatus 40 and prevents contaminants, such as adhesives from adhesive applicator 64 from fouling the surface of the rollers. Fouling of the surfaces can cause adhesion of the tow to the rolls. Cabinet 38 is supplied with an air nozzle 80 that is used to provide positive pressure within cabinet 38 so that contaminants cannot enter. The positive pressure may range from 0.1\u20131.0 psig, preferably 0.25\u20130.5 psig.",
153
+ "Referring to FIGS. 4, 5, and 6, the operation of the particulate distribution apparatus 56 is illustrated in greater detail. Particulate distribution apparatus 56 is preferably a vibratory feeder. At the bottom of a hopper is a clean out valve 90 and a motor 92 drives the feeder. Particulate is vibrated through an orifice defined, in part, by a trough 94 where it is deposited onto opened tow 98. Particulate, when SAP, may be fed at rates of 1\u201325 Kg/min, preferably 5\u201313.5 Kg/min, assuming garment formation of 500\u2013900/min with 10\u201315 g/garment. Particulate 96 and shaped tow 98 are held in place by the vacuum apparatus 58 (a rotary vacuum drum is shown), while stratum 100 and 102 are applied thereto. Stratum 100 and 102 are guided to vacuum apparatus 58 by rollers 106 and 108, respectively. Adhesive from applicators 64 is preferably applied to the stratum prior to arrival at the vacuum apparatus 58. When the stratum sandwich the particulate laden, shaped tow, on vacuum apparatus 58, the lay on roller 110 squeezes the composite to seal it shut, preferably with the lateral edges of the stratum being sealed together. Thereafter, absorbent composite 112 is wound-up or directed on into a subsequent absorbent garment making operation.",
154
+ "The distribution of the particulate is controlled, in part, by an orifice 118, FIG. 6. Orifice 118 is defined by trough 94 and plate 116 that may be moved to open and close the orifice. In FIG. 6, four possible configurations of orifice 118 are illustrated. Orifice 118\u2032, FIG. 6a, illustrates a rectangular shaped orifice. Orifice 118\u2033, FIG. 6b, illustrates a triangularly shaped orifice. Orifice 118\u2032\u2033, FIG. 6c, illustrates an arcuate shaped orifice. Orifice 118\u2033\u2033, FIG. 6d, illustrates a serrated or toothed shaped orifice. Of course, other configurations for the orifice would be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art.",
155
+ "The present invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit and the essential attributes thereof, and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing specification, as indicated the scope of the invention."
156
+ ],
157
+ "citations": [
158
+ "2427955",
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+ "2794239",
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+ "3016581",
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+ "3017309",
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+ "3095343",
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+ "3095632",
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+ "3156016",
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+ "3226773",
166
+ "3262181",
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+ "3328850",
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+ "3602416",
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+ "3664115",
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+ "4468845",
171
+ "4522616",
172
+ "5331976",
173
+ "H1565",
174
+ "6068620",
175
+ "6253431",
176
+ "6543106",
177
+ "2003/0105442",
178
+ "2003/0114814",
179
+ "2003/0130638",
180
+ "2003/0132762",
181
+ "2003/0134559",
182
+ "2003/0135176",
183
+ "2003/0135177",
184
+ "2003/0135178",
185
+ "2003/0143324",
186
+ "2003/0150551",
187
+ "60-26537"
188
+ ],
189
+ "us_classification": "28282",
190
+ "international_classifications": [
191
+ {
192
+ "classification_level": "A",
193
+ "section": "D",
194
+ "classification_class": "02",
195
+ "subclass": "J",
196
+ "main_group": "1",
197
+ "subgroup": "18"
198
+ }
199
+ ]
200
+ }
json_patents/06983521.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Method of manufacturing a strain element",
3
+ "abstract": "The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a strain element. In one aspect, the method of the invention comprises forming a coating film of titanium or a titanium compound on a surface of a cylindrical mold, and shaping the coating film like a coil. The method invention further comprises forming a crystal film of a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect by hydrothermal synthesis on the coating film shaped like the coil, and removing the strain element from the cylindrical mold.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Omata",
6
+ "Irie"
7
+ ],
8
+ "document_number": "06983521",
9
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
10
+ "assignees": [
11
+ "Omron Corporation"
12
+ ],
13
+ "claims": [
14
+ {
15
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
16
+ "preamble": "1. A method of manufacturing a strain element, comprising the steps of:",
17
+ "components": [
18
+ {
19
+ "component": "forming a coating film of titanium or a titanium compound on a surface of a cylindrical mold;",
20
+ "subcomponents": []
21
+ },
22
+ {
23
+ "component": "shaping the coating film, which has been formed on the surface of the cylindrical mold, into a coil;",
24
+ "subcomponents": []
25
+ },
26
+ {
27
+ "component": "forming a crystal film of a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect by hydrothermal synthesis on the coating film shaped into the coil; and",
28
+ "subcomponents": []
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "component": "removing the strain element from the cylindrical mold.",
32
+ "subcomponents": []
33
+ }
34
+ ]
35
+ },
36
+ {
37
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
38
+ "preamble": "2. A method of manufacturing the strain element according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of forming the crystal film of the strain element having the property of the piezoelectric inverse effect by the hydrothermal synthesis on an inner circumferential surface of the strain element removed from the cylindrical mold.",
39
+ "components": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
43
+ "preamble": "3. A method of manufacturing the strain element according to claim 2 , further comprising:",
44
+ "components": [
45
+ {
46
+ "component": "the step of forming the coating film of titanium or the titanium compound on an outer circumferential surface of the strain element removed from the cylindrical mold; and",
47
+ "subcomponents": []
48
+ },
49
+ {
50
+ "component": "forming the crystal film of the strain element having the property of the piezoelectric inverse effect by the hydrothermal synthesis on the coating film formed on the outer circumferential surface of the strain element.",
51
+ "subcomponents": []
52
+ }
53
+ ]
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
57
+ "preamble": "4. A method of manufacturing the strain element according to claim 1 , further comprising:",
58
+ "components": [
59
+ {
60
+ "component": "the step of forming the coating film of titanium or the titanium compound on an outer circumferential surface of the strain element removed from the cylindrical mold; and",
61
+ "subcomponents": []
62
+ },
63
+ {
64
+ "component": "forming the crystal film of the strain element having the property of the piezoelectric inverse effect by the hydrothermal synthesis on the coating film formed on the outer circumferential surface of the strain element.",
65
+ "subcomponents": []
66
+ }
67
+ ]
68
+ }
69
+ ],
70
+ "description": [
71
+ "This is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/032,463, filed on Jan. 2, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,944, issued on Mar. 30, 2004, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.",
72
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
73
+ "The present invention relates to an actuator using a strain element having such a property that it is deformed when voltage is applied, the so-called piezoelectric inverse effect, and a method of manufacturing the strain element.",
74
+ "2. Description of the Related Art",
75
+ "Conventionally, there has been an actuator using a piezoelectric element having such a property that a strain occurs and a deformation is caused when voltage is applied, the so-called piezoelectric inverse effect. In the actuator using the piezoelectric element, since an amount of deformation (amount of displacement) of the piezoelectric element is small, a mechanism portion (displacement enlargement mechanism portion) for enlarging the amount of displacement must be provided, and there has been a problem that its main body becomes large, and a problem that it takes labor to assemble the displacement enlargement mechanism portion.",
76
+ "Incidentally, the displacement enlargement mechanism portion is, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. Hei. 4-25640, a mechanical enlargement mechanism portion employing the principle of leverage, a liquid type enlargement mechanism portion employing Pascal's principle, or the like.",
77
+ "Recently, an actuator in which the displacement enlargement mechanism portion is constructed by an actuator itself is proposed (Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. Hei. 6-216424). This actuator is constructed such that a belt-shaped piezoelectric element is helically wound over the full length of a hollow coil spring. According to this actuator, when voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element, a torsion moment by the deformation of the piezoelectric element acts on the full length of the coil spring, so that the coil spring is displaced in the axial direction. The amount of displacement of the coil spring in the axial direction can be made large if the number of turns of the coil spring is increased.",
78
+ "However, the actuator is assembled by helically winding the belt-shaped piezoelectric element over the full length of the hollow coil spring, and the step of helically winding the belt-shaped piezoelectric element is a very troublesome step, so that manufacturing costs are raised and the actuator is expensive.",
79
+ "An object of the present invention is to provide a small and inexpensive actuator which has a simple structure and can obtain a large displacement, and a method of manufacturing a strain element applied to the actuator.",
80
+ "The actuator of the present invention has the following structure to solve the above problem.",
81
+ "(1) An actuator comprises a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which the strain element is wound like a coil, and electrodes are formed on an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface.",
82
+ "According to this structure, when voltage is applied between the electrodes formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface, the strain element wound like the coil is displaced in a direction to contract or expand the diameter of the coil. At this time, if one end portion of the strain element wound like the coil is fixed, the other end portion, which is not fixed, is rotated in accordance with the contraction or expansion of the diameter. The rotation direction at this time is determined by the winding direction of the strain element, and the rotation amount of the other end portion is determined by the number of turns of the strain element or the like.",
83
+ "Accordingly, since the displacement of sufficient magnitude can be easily obtained by adjusting the number of turns or the like, a displacement enlargement mechanism portion is also not required.",
84
+ "Besides, the strain element having the shape wound like the coil can be easily formed by extrusion molding or the like, and formation of the electrodes on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the strain element can be easily carried out by a well-known processing method such as a printing or plating method. Accordingly, the actuator of this invention does not require a troublesome step in its manufacturing process and can be formed inexpensively.",
85
+ "(2) An actuator comprises a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which a metal coil wound like a coil is provided, the strain element is formed on at least one of an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface of the metal coil, and an electrode is formed on a surface of the strain element.",
86
+ "According to this structure, the strain element is formed on one of or both of the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the metal coil wound like the coil. The electrode is formed on the surface of the strain element. When voltage is applied between the electrode and the metal coil, in accordance with the displacement of the strain element, the metal coil is deformed in a direction to contract or expand the diameter of the coil. Accordingly, similarly to the above structure (1), if one end portion of the metal coil is fixed, the other end portion which is not fixed is rotated.",
87
+ "Besides, when well-known hydrothermal synthesis is used, the strain element can be easily formed on the outer circumferential surface or the inner circumferential surface of the metal coil wound like the coil. Besides, formation of the electrode on the surface of the strain element (the surface here is a surface at a side opposite to a contact surface to the metal coil) can also be easily performed by a well-known method such as a printing or plating method.",
88
+ "Incidentally, as compared with a case where the strain element is formed on only one of the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the metal coil wound like the coil, when the strain element is formed on both the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface, the displacement of the metal coil becomes large, so that further miniaturization can be realized.",
89
+ "(3) An actuator provided with a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which the strain element is wound like a coil, an electrode having a width narrower than a width of the strain element is formed on an upper surface of the strain element along a side portion of one of an inner circumferential side and an outer circumferential side, and an electrode having a width narrower than the width of the strain element is formed on a lower surface of the strain element along a side portion of an opposite side of that of the upper surface.",
90
+ "According to this structure, the electrode having the width narrower than the strain element is formed on the upper surface of the strain element wound like the coil along the side portion of one of the inner circumferential side and the outer circumferential side, and the electrode having the width narrower than the strain element is formed on the lower surface of the strain element along the side portion of the opposite side of that of the upper surface. With respect to two electrodes arranged side by side, since a desirable shape is such that all of them are formed on the strain element, it is appropriate that the width of the electrode is made not larger than half of the width of the strain element. However, even if the electrode has a size exceeding the half so that it protrudes to the outside or inside of the strain element, there does not especially arise a problem.",
91
+ "When voltage is applied between the electrodes formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the strain element, distortion is generated over the full length of the strain element wound like the coil, and displacement occurs in the axial direction. Since the displacement amount in the axial direction at this time can be adjusted by the number of turns of the strain element or the like, the displacement amount of sufficient magnitude can be easily obtained.",
92
+ "Besides, as described above, the strain element wound like the coil can be easily formed by the extrusion molding or the like, and the formation of the electrodes on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the strain element can also be easily carried out by the printing, plating method or the like.",
93
+ "(4) An actuator provided with a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which a metal coil wound like a coil is provided, a strain element having a width narrower than a width of the metal coil is formed on an upper surface of the metal coil along a side portion of one of an inner circumferential side and an outer circumferential side, a strain element having a width narrower than the width of the metal coil is formed on a lower surface of the metal coil along a side portion of an opposite side of that of the upper surface, and electrodes are formed on surfaces of the strain elements.",
94
+ "According to this structure, the strain element having the width narrower than the width of the metal coil is formed on the upper surface of the metal coil along the side portion of one of the inner circumferential side and the outer circumferential side, and the strain element having the width narrower than the width of the metal coil is formed on the lower surface of the metal coil along the side portion of the opposite side of that of the upper surface. The electrodes are formed on the surfaces of the strain elements formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal coil, respectively.",
95
+ "When voltage is applied between the electrode and the metal coil, distortion is generated in the metal coil, and the metal coil is displaced in the axial direction. Since the displacement amount in the axial direction at this time can be adjusted by the number of turns of the metal coil or the like, the displacement amount of sufficient magnitude can be easily obtained.",
96
+ "Besides, as described above, if the well-known hydrothermal synthesis is used, the strain elements can be easily formed on the outer circumferential surface and the inner circumferential surface of the metal coil wound like the coil. Besides, the formation of the electrode on the surface of the strain element (the surface here is a surface at a side opposite to a contact surface to the metal coil) can be easily carried out by the well-known method such as printing or plating method.",
97
+ "(5) An actuator provided with a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which a metal coil wound like a coil is provided, two belt-shaped strain elements each having a width of not larger than half of a width of the metal coil are formed side by side on at least one of an upper surface and a lower surface of the metal coil, and electrodes are formed on surfaces of the strain elements.",
98
+ "According to this structure, the two belt-shaped strain elements each having the width of not larger than half of the metal coil are formed side by side on one of or both of the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal coil. Besides, the electrodes are formed on the surfaces of the strain elements. Here, if the polarization directions of the two strain elements formed side by side are made opposite to each other, when voltage is applied between the electrode and the metal coil, distortion is generated in the metal coil, and the metal coil is displaced in the axial direction.",
99
+ "Besides, as compared with a case where two strain elements are formed side by side only on one of the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal coil, when two strain elements are formed side by side on both of the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal coil, the distortion generated when voltage is applied becomes large, so that further miniaturization of the actuator can be realized. Incidentally, the polarization directions of the two strain elements formed side by side on the upper surface and the lower surface are opposite to each other, the polarization directions of the strain element on the upper surface at the outer circumferential side and the strain element on the lower surface at the inner circumferential side are opposite to each other, and the polarization directions of the strain element on the upper surface at the inner circumferential side and the strain element on the lower surface at the outer circumferential side are also opposite to each other.",
100
+ "(6) An actuator provided with a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which the strain element is wound like a coil, an electrode having a height lower than a height of the strain element is formed on an inner circumferential surface of the strain element along an end portion of one of an upper end and a lower end, and an electrode having a height lower than the height of the strain element is formed on an outer circumferential surface of the strain element along an opposite end portion of that of the inner circumferential surface.",
101
+ "(7) An actuator provided with a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which a metal coil wound like a coil is provided, a strain element having a height lower than a height of the metal coil is formed on an inner circumferential surface of the metal coil along an end portion of one of an upper end and a lower end, a strain element having a height lower than the height of the metal coil is formed on an outer circumferential surface of the metal coil along an opposite end portion of that of the inner circumferential surface, and electrodes are formed on surfaces of the strain elements.",
102
+ "(8) An actuator provided with a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which a metal coil wound like a coil is provided, two belt-shaped strain elements each having a height of not larger than half of a height of the metal coil are formed side by side on at least one of an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface of the metal coil, and electrodes are formed on surfaces of the strain elements.",
103
+ "While the strain elements and the electrodes are formed on the upper surface and the lower surface in the structures (3) to (5), they are formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface in the structures (6) to (8), and the same effects as those of the structures (3) to (5) can be obtained.",
104
+ "(9) An actuator provided with a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which the strain element is belt-shaped, an electrode having a width narrower than a width of the strain element is formed on one surface of the strain element along one side portion, and an electrode having a width narrower than the width of the strain element is formed on the other surface of the strain element along the other side portion.",
105
+ "(10) An actuator provided with a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which a belt-shaped metal plate is provided, a strain element having a width narrower than a width of the metal plate is formed on one surface of the metal plate along one side portion, a strain element having a width narrower than the width of the metal plate is formed on the other surface of the metal plate along the other side portion, and electrodes are formed on surfaces of the strain elements.",
106
+ "(11) An actuator provided with a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which a belt-shaped metal plate is provided, two belt-shaped strain elements each having a width of not larger than half of the metal coil are formed side by side on at least one surface of the metal plate, and electrodes are formed on surfaces of the strain elements.",
107
+ "In the structures (9) to (11), the coil-shaped strain elements or the coil-shaped metal coils of the structures (3) to (8) are replaced by the belt-shaped strain elements or the belt-shaped metal plates.",
108
+ "(12) An actuator provided with a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which both end portions of the strain element are spirally wound, and electrodes are formed on an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface.",
109
+ "(13) An actuator provided with a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which a metal coil having both ends spirally wound, the strain element is formed on at least one of an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface of the metal coil, and an electrode is formed on a surface of the strain element.",
110
+ "In the structures (12) and (13), since both the ends are spirally wound, when voltage is applied, a displacement can be generated at both the ends.",
111
+ "(14) An actuator provided with a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which the strain element is spirally wound, electrodes are formed on an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface, and a dielectric is provided in parallel with the strain element.",
112
+ "(15) An actuator provided with a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, in which a spirally wound metal coil is provided, the strain element is formed on at least one of an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface of the metal coil, an electrode is formed on a surface of the strain element, and a dielectric is provided in parallel with the strain element.",
113
+ "According to the structures (14) and (15), since the dielectric connected in parallel with the strain element is provided, when application of voltage to the strain element is turned off, a return to an initial state of the strain element can be restricted by using electric charges stored in the dielectric.",
114
+ "(16) A dielectric is provided in parallel with the strain element.",
115
+ "According to this structure, as described above, the return to the initial state of the strain element can be restricted by using the electric charges stored in the dielectric.",
116
+ "(17) The strain element is a laminated strain element.",
117
+ "According to this structure, since the laminated strain element is used, each piezoelectric element can be made thin. In a bimorph type piezoelectric element, as the thickness becomes small, the displacement becomes large, and the force generated by the displacement becomes weak. Since the plurality of piezoelectric elements are laminated, a large force can be generated when voltage is applied, and a large displacement can be obtained. Accordingly, the actuator can be constructed to be still smaller.",
118
+ "Besides, a method of manufacturing a strain element according to the present invention comprises the following steps.",
119
+ "(1) A coating film of titanium or a titanium compound is formed on a surface of a cylindrical mold, the coating film formed on the surface of the cylindrical mold is shaped like a coil, a crystal film of a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect is formed on the coating film shaped like the coil by hydrothermal synthesis, and the strain element is removed from the cylindrical mold.",
120
+ "According to the method of manufacturing the strain element, the crystal film of the strain element is formed by the hydrothermal synthesis on the coating film of the titanium or the titanium compound shaped like the coil on the surface of the cylindrical mold. Accordingly, by removing it from the mold, the strain element can be manufactured into the coil shape. An actuator wound like the coil can be manufactured by forming an electrode on this strain element.",
121
+ "Besides, the coating film of the titanium or the titanium compound is formed on an inner circumferential surface of the removed strain element, and this film functions as an electrode.",
122
+ "(2) A crystal film of a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect is formed by hydrothermal synthesis on an inner circumferential surface of the strain element removed from the cylindrical mold, so that laminated coil-shaped strain elements can be manufactured between which the film of the titanium or the titanium compound functioning as the electrode is interposed.",
123
+ "(3) A coating film of titanium or a titanium compound is formed on an outer circumferential surface of the strain element removed from the cylindrical mold, a crystal film of a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect is formed by hydrothermal synthesis on the coating film formed on the outer circumferential surface of the strain element, so that similarly to the method (2), laminated coil-shaped strain elements can be manufactured between which the film of the titanium or the titanium compound functioning as the electrode is interposed.",
124
+ "(4) A hydrophilic region is formed into a coil shape on a surface of a cylindrical mold made of a water-repellent resin as a base material, the cylindrical mold is dipped in a solution containing suspended fine particles of a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, the cylindrical mold is pulled up, and the adherent strain element is removed from the cylindrical mold.",
125
+ "According to the above manufacturing method, since the fine particles of the strain element adhere to the hydrophilic region formed into the coil shape on the surface of the cylindrical mold, the strain element wound like the coil can be manufactured by removing them from the mold.",
126
+ "(5) A water-repellent treatment is performed so that a hydrophilic region is formed into a coil shape on a surface of a cylindrical mold made of a hydrophilic resin as a base material, the cylindrical mold is dipped in a solution containing suspended fine particles of a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect, the cylindrical mold is picked up, and the adherent strain element is removed from the cylindrical mold.",
127
+ "According to the above manufacturing method as well, similarly to the method (4), since the fine particles of the strain element adhere to the hydrophilic region formed into the coil shape on the surface of the cylindrical mold, the strain element wound like the coil can be manufactured by removing them from the mold.",
128
+ "(6) A hot isostatic press is performed to the cylindrical mold before the adherent strain element is removed from the cylindrical mold, so that the fine particles of the strain element adhering to the hydrophilic region is firmly fixed.",
129
+ "(7) An electrode is formed on at least one of an obverse surface and a reverse surface of the strain element removed from the cylindrical mold, this is again dipped in the solution containing the suspended fine particles of the strain element having the piezoelectric inverse effect, and is pulled up, so that a laminated coil-shaped strain element including the interposed electrode can be manufactured.",
130
+ "(8) While fine particles of a strain element having a piezoelectric inverse effect are laminated in a vessel, laser light is irradiated to melt and sinter the fine particles of the strain element, so that strain elements of various shapes, such as a strain element wound like a coil, or a strain element wound like a spring, can be manufactured.",
131
+ "FIGS. 1A to 1C are views showing an actuator of an embodiment of the present invention.",
132
+ "FIGS. 2A to 2E are views for explaining a manufacturing process of a coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic applied to the actuator of the embodiment of the present invention.",
133
+ "FIGS. 3A to 3E are views for explaining a manufacturing process of a coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic applied to the actuator of the embodiment of the present invention.",
134
+ "FIGS. 4A to 4C are views for explaining a manufacturing process of a coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic applied to the actuator of the embodiment of the present invention.",
135
+ "FIGS. 5A to 5C are views showing an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
136
+ "FIG. 6 is a view showing an applied example of an actuator of an embodiment of the present invention.",
137
+ "FIG. 7 is a view showing an applied example of an actuator of an embodiment of the present invention.",
138
+ "FIG. 8 is a view showing an applied example of an actuator of an embodiment of the present invention.",
139
+ "FIG. 9 is a view showing an applied example of an actuator of an embodiment of the present invention.",
140
+ "FIG. 10 is a view showing an applied example of an actuator of an embodiment of the present invention.",
141
+ "FIG. 11 is a view showing an applied example of an actuator of an embodiment of the present invention.",
142
+ "FIG. 12 is a view showing an applied example of an actuator of an embodiment of the present invention.",
143
+ "FIGS. 13A to 13D are views showing an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
144
+ "FIGS. 14A to 14D are views showing an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
145
+ "FIGS. 15A to 15D are views showing an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
146
+ "FIGS. 16A to 16C are views showing an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
147
+ "FIGS. 17A to 17C are views showing an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
148
+ "FIGS. 18A to 18C are views showing an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
149
+ "FIGS. 19A and 19B are views showing a sectional shape of a bamboo spring.",
150
+ "FIGS. 20A and 20B are views showing an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
151
+ "FIGS. 21A and 21B are views showing an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
152
+ "FIGS. 22A and 22B are views showing an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
153
+ "FIG. 23 is a view showing an applied example of an actuator of an embodiment of the present invention.",
154
+ "FIGS. 24A and 24B are views showing an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
155
+ "FIGS. 25A and 25B are views showing an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
156
+ "FIG. 26 is a view showing an applied example of an actuator of an embodiment of the present invention.",
157
+ "FIGS. 27A and 27B are views showing an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
158
+ "FIG. 28 is a view showing an equivalent circuit of an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
159
+ "FIGS. 29A to 29C are views for explaining a manufacturing process of an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention.",
160
+ "FIG. 30 is a view showing a laminated piezoelectric ceramic.",
161
+ "FIG. 31 is a view showing a laminated piezoelectric ceramic.",
162
+ "FIGS. 32A and 32B are views showing a laminated piezoelectric ceramic.",
163
+ "FIG. 33 is a view showing a laminated piezoelectric ceramic.",
164
+ "Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. FIGS. 1A to 1C are views showing an outer appearance of an actuator of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A is a front view, FIG. 1B is a view seen in a direction \u201cA\u201d shown in FIG. 1A, and FIG. 1C is a sectional view taken in a direction B\u2014B shown in FIG. 1A. The actuator of this embodiment is such that as shown in the drawing, a piezoelectric ceramic 1 as a strain element is wound like a coil, and electrodes 2 (2a, 2b) are formed on an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1. The piezoelectric ceramic 1 is subjected to a well-known polarization treatment and the orientation of crystal is adjusted such that when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a and 2b formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface (positive voltage is applied to the electrode 2a, and negative voltage is applied to the electrode 2b) (see FIG. 1C), an inner circumferential side is contracted and an outer circumferential side is expanded.",
165
+ "Incidentally, the piezoelectric ceramic 1 may be made of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) series, or may be made of barium titanate series, lead titanate series, or the like. Besides, it may be made of high molecular piezoelectric material such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).",
166
+ "Next, a manufacturing process of the actuator of this embodiment will be described. First, the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is shaped like a coil. For example, a raw material having viscosity higher than slurry and lower than a green sheet is used and it may be shaped like the coil by well-known extrusion molding, or the raw material is poured into a mold and it may be shaped like the coil. After the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is shaped like the coil, the shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 is sintered (so-called firing process is performed). Next, the electrodes 2a and 2b are formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the sintered coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1. The electrodes 2a and 2b are formed over substantially the full length of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 by well-known processing, for example, a printing or plating method. When formation of the electrodes 2a and 2b is completed, the orientation of the crystal is adjusted by performing a polarization treatment in which high voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a and 2b while the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is heated up to about 130\u00b0 C. When the polarization treatment is completed, finally, aging is performed in which temperature of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is lowered to about 80\u00b0 C. and heating is performed. By the above process, the actuator including the piezoelectric ceramic 1 wound like the coil can be manufactured.",
167
+ "The coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic may be manufactured by a following method.",
168
+ "FIGS. 2A to 2E are views showing a manufacturing process of a coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic. A cylindrical mold 40 is used in the manufacture of the piezoelectric ceramic (see FIG. 2A). The cylindrical mold 40 is made of a low surface energy material such as fluorine or polytetrafluoethylene. Titanium is coated on the whole surface of the cylindrical mold 40 shown in FIG. 2A (titanium coating is performed) (see FIG. 2B). The film thickness of a titanium coat coated on the surface of the cylindrical mold 40 is 5 to 30 \u03bcm.",
169
+ "Next, the titanium coat coated on the whole surface of the cylindrical mold 40 is shaped like a coil (see FIG. 2C). The titanium coat coated on the whole surface of the mold 40 can be shaped like the coil by a well-known etching or laser cut (cutting into the coil shape by irradiation of laser light). When the titanium coat is shaped like the coil on the surface of the mold 40, a piezoelectric ceramic film, for example, a PZT film is deposited by hydrothermal synthesis on the titanium coat film shaped like the coil (see FIG. 2D).",
170
+ "The hydrothermal synthesis is, as well known, a crystal growth method performed in high temperature water, especially in high temperature and high pressure water. The thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic film deposited by the hydrothermal synthesis is about 10 \u03bcm. The treatment temperature of the hydrothermal synthesis is 150\u00b0 C.",
171
+ "Since the piezoelectric ceramic film is deposited by the hydrothermal synthesis on the titanium coat shaped like the coil, it is deposited into the coil shape. The piezoelectric ceramic film deposited into the coil shape is removed from the mold 40 (see FIG. 2E). By this, the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 can be manufactured. The coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 can be easily removed from the mold 40 by dissolving the mold 40 by a designated solvent.",
172
+ "An electrode 2 is formed on an outer circumferential surface of the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic removed here, so that a coil-shaped actuator is manufactured.",
173
+ "Incidentally, a polarization treatment may be carried out as the need arises. Besides, the titanium coat film coated on the surface of the mold 40 remains on an inner circumferential surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1, and can be used as the electrode 2.",
174
+ "Besides, when the piezoelectric ceramic 1 removed from the mold 40 is again subjected to the hydrothermal synthesis, the piezoelectric ceramic 1 can be deposited on the titanium coat film of the inner circumferential surface. By this, a laminated coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic (piezoelectric ceramic of two layers) can be manufactured.",
175
+ "Further, after a titanium coat (thickness of 5 to 30 \u03bcm) is formed on the whole outer circumferential surface of the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic removed from the mold 40, when a piezoelectric ceramic film is deposited by the hydrothermal synthesis, a laminated piezoelectric ceramic of three or more layers can be manufactured.",
176
+ "As stated above, in the method of manufacturing the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 using the mold 40, since the thickness of the titanium base member can be suppressed to 5 to 30 \u03bcm, an impeding force at the time of deformation of the actuator is low. Besides, since the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 of laminate structure can be manufactured, it is possible to realize the actuator in which the displacement is large and the force generated by the displacement is also large. Further, if the piezoelectric ceramic 1 deposited by the hydrothermal synthesis is not removed from the mold 40, transportation in which the shape of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is held can be easily performed.",
177
+ "Incidentally, the film coated on the whole surface of the mold 40 may be made of a titanium compound containing titanium as its main ingredient.",
178
+ "Besides, although the method of manufacturing the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 by using the hydrothermal synthesis has been described, the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic can also be manufactured by a method described below.",
179
+ "FIGS. 3A to 3E are views showing a manufacturing process of a coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic. The manufacturing method of the piezoelectric ceramic also uses a cylindrical mold 41 (see FIG. 3A). This cylindrical mold 41 is made of a water-repellent or hydrophilic raw material. A coil-shaped hydrophilic region is formed on the surface of the cylindrical mold 41 shown in FIG. 3A (see FIG. 3B). For example, if the raw material of the mold 41 is water-repellent, laser light, ultraviolet light or the like is irradiated to the coil-shaped region formed on the surface of the mold 41 to make the portion hydrophilic. On the other hand, if the mold 41 is made of a hydrophilic raw material, laser light, ultraviolet light, or the like is irradiated to a portion other than the coil-shaped region formed on the surface of the mold 41 to make the portion water-repellent.",
180
+ "Next, the mold 41 in which the hydrophilic region is shaped like the coil is dipped in an alcohol solution in which fine particles of piezoelectric ceramic, such as PZT, are suspended, and is pulled up from the alcohol solution (see FIG. 3C). In the mold 41 dipped in the alcohol solution, the alcohol solution (suspension liquid) in which fine particles of piezoelectric ceramic are suspended adheres to the hydrophilic region, and this suspension liquid does not adhere to the water-repellent region. Accordingly, the fine particles of piezoelectric ceramic adhere to the mold 41 pulled up from the suspension liquid in the coil shape.",
181
+ "After the mold 41 pulled up from the suspension liquid is dried, in order to bond the particles of the piezoelectric ceramic adhering to the mold 41 to one another, the so-called HIP processing (hot pressure processing) is performed (see FIG. 3D). In the HIP processing, liquid is filled in a vessel resistant to high pressure, a rubber vessel containing the mold 41 is put therein, and high temperature and high pressure are applied to the liquid to compress the fine particles of piezoelectric ceramic adhering to the surface of the mold 41, so that the particles are bonded to one another.",
182
+ "After the HIP processing, the piezoelectric ceramic shaped like the coil is removed from the mold 41 (see FIG. 3E). By this, the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 is manufactured. The coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 can be easily removed from the mold 41 by dissolving the mold 41 by a designated solvent.",
183
+ "The thickness of the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic manufactured here can be adjusted by the concentration of the suspension liquid or the pull-up speed of pulling up the mold 41 from the suspension liquid. The concentration of the suspension liquid, and the pull-up speed of pulling up the mold 41 from the suspension liquid are determined so that the thickness becomes about 10 \u03bcm.",
184
+ "Here, electrodes 2a and 2b are formed on an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface of the manufactured coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1, and a polarization treatment is performed as the need arises, so that the coil-shaped actuator can be manufactured.",
185
+ "Besides, when the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 which is removed from the mold 41 and in which the electrodes 2 are formed, is again dipped in the alcohol solution in which the fine particles of piezoelectric ceramic are suspended, and is pulled up from the alcohol solution, the piezoelectric ceramic of laminate structure can be manufactured.",
186
+ "Further, the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 may be removed from the mold 41 without performing the HIP processing. In this case, since the fine particles of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 are not bonded between the particles, sufficient polarization is achieved when the polarization treatment is performed, and the piezoelectric efficiency can be improved.",
187
+ "In this case, the electrode 2 is previously formed on the hydrophilic region of the mold 41, and is dipped in the suspension liquid. Then, a metal film or the like is stuck as the electrode 2 on the surface of the mold 41 pulled up from the suspension liquid, and the polarization treatment is performed. By this, the polarization treatment is performed to the piezoelectric ceramic 1.",
188
+ "Also in the piezoelectric ceramic 1 manufactured in this method, similar effects to the case of manufacture using the hydrothermal synthesis can be obtained.",
189
+ "Further, a method of manufacturing a coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 without using the molds 40 and 41 will be described. This method is a method which is recently popularized and in which while metal powder is laminated in a vessel, the metal powder is melted and sintered into a desired shape by energy of a laser beam. In this method, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, while fine particles of piezoelectric ceramic such as PZT are laminated in a pressurized chamber 42 filled with an inert gas, laser light is irradiated to the laminated fine particles of piezoelectric ceramic in the pressurized chamber 42. In the portion which is irradiated with the laser light, the fine particles of the piezoelectric ceramic are melted and sintered. The laser light is irradiated so that the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 is formed by this melting and sintering. Also by this method, the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 shown in FIG. 4C can be easily manufactured. Besides, the piezoelectric ceramic 1 of another shape, such as a spring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 described later, can also be manufactured.",
190
+ "Besides, since the piezoelectric ceramic laminated in the pressurized chamber 42 is made the fine particles, sintering can be performed at substantially the same temperature as the other metal. Besides, by applying sufficient vapor pressure to the pressurized chamber 42, vaporization of lead in PZT at the time of melting and sintering can be suppressed, and the safety of operation can also be assured.",
191
+ "Electrodes 2a and 2b are formed on an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface of the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 manufactured by the above method, and the polarization treatment is performed as the need arises, so that the coil-shaped actuator can be manufactured.",
192
+ "As stated above, in the actuator of this embodiment, the manufacturing process is simple and does not include a troublesome step, so that the manufacturing cost is low. Besides, since the displacement amount can be adjusted by the number of turns of the coil or the like, a displacement enlargement mechanism portion may not be used as in the prior art (the number of turns has only to be adjusted), so that the actuator is small.",
193
+ "Next, the operation of the actuator of this embodiment will be described. When voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a and 2b (positive voltage is applied to the electrode 2a, and negative voltage is applied to the electrode 2b) formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 wound like the coil, the piezoelectric ceramic 1 wound like the coil is deformed in such a direction that its inner circumferential side is contracted and its outer circumferential side is expanded by the piezoelectric inverse effect. Accordingly, the actuator of this embodiment is displaced (deformed) in the direction to contract the diameter of the coil.",
194
+ "Here, if one end portion of the actuator is fixed (for example, the right end portion shown in FIG. 1A), the other end portion is rotated in accordance with this displacement (the right end portion shown in FIG. 1A is rotated in the illustrated direction). At this time, the rotation direction of the other end portion is determined by the winding direction of the piezoelectric ceramic 1, and the number of revolutions of the other end portion is determined by the number of turns of the piezoelectric ceramic 1, the applied voltage between the electrodes 2a and 2b, and the like.",
195
+ "Besides, the actuator of this embodiment continues to keep the state after the change (the state where the coil diameter is contracted) when the voltage continues to be applied between the electrodes 2a and 2b. However, if the voltage application is stopped, the actuator is returned to the state before the voltage is applied (the state before the coil diameter is contracted), that is, the initial state. Accordingly, by stopping the voltage application between the electrodes 2a and 2b, the other end portion of the actuator can be rotated in the reverse direction to that at the time of the voltage application.",
196
+ "As stated above, the actuator of this embodiment does not require a driver circuit of a complicated structure as in a conventional ultrasonic motor, and its rotation operation can be controlled by a simple switching circuit capable of carrying out application control of voltage between the electrodes 2a and 2b.",
197
+ "Besides, the actuator of this embodiment has a simple structure in which the electrodes 2a and 2b are formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 shaped like the coil, the piezoelectric ceramic 1 can be easily shaped like the coil by the extrusion molding or the methods shown in FIGS. 2A to 4C, and the electrodes 2a and 2b on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 shaped like the coil can also be easily formed by the well-known method such as the printing or plating method. Accordingly, the actuator of this embodiment can be formed inexpensively since the manufacturing process is simple and it does not take labor.",
198
+ "Besides, if the switching circuit is constructed so that a reverse voltage (negative voltage is applied to the electrode 2a, and positive voltage is applied to the electrode 2b) can be applied between the electrodes 2a and 2b, the number of revolutions of the other end portion which is not fixed, can be substantially doubled. Besides, the return to the initial state can also be made at high speed. Further, if an attenuation circuit of LCR is provided between the electrodes 2a and 2b, speed control at the time of rotation can be performed.",
199
+ "Next, another embodiment of an actuator of the present invention will be described. FIGS. 5A to 5c are views showing an outer appearance of the actuator of the embodiment, FIG. 5A is a front view, FIG. 5B is a view seen in a direction \u201cA\u201d shown in FIG. 5A, and FIG. 5C is a sectional view taken in a direction B\u2014B shown in FIG. 5A. The actuator of this embodiment is such that piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b as strain elements are respectively formed on an outer circumferential surface and an inner circumferential surface of a metal coil 3, and electrodes 2a and 2b are formed on surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b (the surface here is a surface opposite to a contact surface to the metal coil 3). The piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b and the electrodes 2a and 2b are formed over substantially the full length of the metal coil 3.",
200
+ "The polarization treatment is performed so that the piezoelectric ceramic 1a formed on the inner circumferential surface of the metal coil 3 is deformed in the contracting direction when voltage is applied between the electrode 2a formed on the surface and the metal coil 3 (positive voltage is applied to the electrode 2a, and the negative voltage is applied to the metal coil 3) (see FIG. 5C). Besides, the polarization treatment is performed so that the piezoelectric ceramic 1b formed on the outer circumferential surface of the metal coil 3 is deformed in the expanding direction when voltage is applied between the electrode 2b formed on the surface and the metal coil 3 (positive voltage is applied to the electrode 2b, and negative voltage is applied to the metal coil 3) (see FIG. 5C).",
201
+ "Next, a manufacturing process of the actuator of this embodiment will be described. First, the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b are formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the metal coil 3. If hydrothermal synthesis disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. Hei. 5-136476, is used, the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b can be easily formed over substantially the full length of the metal coil 3. In the case where this hydrothermal synthesis is used, the piezoelectric elements 1a and 1b formed over substantially the full length of the metal coil 3 are polarized as well. However, in the hydrothermal synthesis, the polarization directions of the piezoelectric elements 1a and 1b are respectively directed toward the metal coil 3. Thus, when voltage is applied as shown in FIG. 5C, since both of the piezoelectric element 1a at the inner circumferential surface side and the piezoelectric element 1b at the outer circumferential surface side are deformed in the direction to expand the metal coil 3, the metal coil 3 is hardly deformed. Incidentally, if voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a and 2b differently from the application of the voltage shown in FIG. 5C (for example, positive voltage is applied to the electrode 2a, and negative voltage is applied to the electrode 2b), deformation can be generated in the metal coil 3. However, in this case, in order to obtain a sufficient displacement amount in the metal coil 3, a relatively high voltage (voltage value) must be applied between the electrodes 2a and 2b.",
202
+ "However, if <1> after the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b are formed by the hydrothermal synthesis over substantially the full length of the metal coil 3, heating and cooling to the Curie temperature is performed to remove the polarization of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b, <2> the electrodes 2a and 2b are formed on the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b, and <3> the polarization treatment (re-polarization treatment) for adjusting the polarization directions of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b in the same direction is performed, a sufficient deformation amount can be obtained in the metal coil 3 by application of a relatively low voltage (voltage value) by the method shown in FIG. 5C.",
203
+ "Besides, the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b are formed over substantially the full length of the metal coil 3 by using, not the hydrothermal synthesis, but another method, 1 and the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is sintered by performing the firing step, and then, the electrodes 2a and 2b may be formed on the surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b, and the polarization treatment and aging may be performed.",
204
+ "The actuator of this embodiment can be manufactured by the above process.",
205
+ "As stated above, the actuator of this embodiment is also inexpensive since a troublesome step is not included in its manufacturing process and its manufacture is simple.",
206
+ "Next, the operation of the actuator of this embodiment will be described. When voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 (positive voltage is applied to the electrodes 2a, 2b, and negative voltage is applied to the metal coil 3), the piezoelectric ceramic 1a formed on the inner circumferential surface of the metal coil 3 is contracted by the piezoelectric inverse effect, and the piezoelectric ceramic 1b formed on the outer circumferential surface of the metal coil 3 is expanded. The metal coil 3 is deformed in the direction to contract the diameter of the coil by the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic 1.",
207
+ "Accordingly, as described in the above embodiment, if one end portion of the metal coil 3 is fixed (if one end of this actuator is fixed (for example, the right end portion shown in FIG. 5A)), the other end portion is rotated in accordance with the deformation of contracting this diameter (for example, the right end portion shown in FIG. 5A is rotated in the illustrated direction). At this time, the rotation direction of the other end portion is determined by the winding directions of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b, and the number of revolutions of the other end portion is determined by the number of turns of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b and the applied voltage between the electrodes 2a and 2b.",
208
+ "Besides, when the application of the voltage is stopped, the actuator of this embodiment is also returned to the initial state before the voltage is applied. Accordingly, by stopping the application of the voltage between the electrodes 2a and 2b, the other end portion of the actuator can be rotated in the direction reverse to that at the application of the voltage.",
209
+ "As stated above, the actuator of this embodiment does not also require a driver circuit of a complicated structure as in a conventional ultrasonic motor, and the rotation operation can be controlled by a simple switching circuit capable of carrying out application control of voltage between the electrodes 2a and 2b.",
210
+ "Besides, the actuator of this embodiment has the simple structure in which the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b are formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the metal coil 3, and the electrodes 2a and 2b are formed on the surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b. Besides, the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b can be easily formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the metal coil 3 by the well-known hydrothermal synthesis, and the formation of the electrodes 2a and 2b on the surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b can also be easily performed by the well-known processing technique such as the printing or plating method. Accordingly, a troublesome step is not included in the manufacturing process and the actuator of this embodiment can also be formed inexpensively.",
211
+ "Besides, similarly to the actuator of the above embodiment, if the switching circuit is constructed such that a reverse voltage (negative voltage is applied to the electrode 2a, and positive voltage is applied to the electrode 2b) can be applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3, the number of revolutions of the other end portion can be doubled. Besides, the return to the initial state can also be made at high speed. Further, if an attenuation circuit of LCR is provided between the electrodes 2a and 2b, the speed control of the rotation operation, and the like can also be carried out.",
212
+ "Incidentally, although FIGS. 5A to 5C show the actuator in which the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b are respectively formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the metal coil 3, the actuator may be such that the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is formed only on one of the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface.",
213
+ "Hereinafter, use examples of the actuator shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C will be described. Incidentally, it is needless to say that similar effects can be obtained even when the actuator is replaced by the actuator shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C.",
214
+ "In a use example shown in FIG. 6, an actuator is fitted on a shaft 11 fixed to a base 10. One end portion of the actuator is fixed to the base 10 at portion A shown in the drawing, and the other end portion is fixed to a disk 12, which is rotatably attached to the shaft 11, at portion B shown in the drawing.",
215
+ "In this use example, when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 of the actuator, and the not-fixed end portion of the actuator is rotated, the disk 12 is rotated in accordance with the rotation. By the rotation operation of the disk 12, for example, a distributing flapper of bills of an automatic teller machine (ATM) can be driven, or a valve of liquid can be closed or opened.",
216
+ "Besides, if the shaft 11 is rotatably attached to the base 10, the actuator can also be used for a mechanism portion for rotating the shaft 11.",
217
+ "Besides, in a use example shown in FIG. 7, when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 of the actuator, a shaft 11 is rotated in accordance with the rotation of the actuator. The shaft 11 is fitted by screws 15 and 16 as shown in the drawing, and the shaft 11 is constructed to slide in the axial direction by the rotation. The screw 15 is attached to an apparatus body, and the screw 16 is attached to the shaft 11.",
218
+ "Besides, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the actuator may be attached to the inside of a cylindrical shaft 20. As stated above, if the actuator is mounted in the cylindrical shaft 20, since the influence of external force can be suppressed, this is effective for a swing device of a machine tool or the like. Incidentally, in FIG. 8, one end portion of the actuator is fixed to a base 21 at portion A shown in the drawing, and the other end portion is fixed to an inner circumferential surface of the shaft 20 at portion B. Accordingly, when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 of the actuator, the shaft 20 can be rotated. Besides, in FIG. 9, one end portion of the actuator is fixed to an inner circumferential surface of a shaft 20 at portion A shown in the drawing, and the other end portion is fixed to a disk 22 inserted in the shaft 20 at portion B shown in the drawing. The disk 22 is rotatably attached to the shaft 20. Accordingly, when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 of the actuator, the disk 22 inserted in the shaft 20 is rotated.",
219
+ "Further, the actuator of this embodiment can also be used for a clutch as shown in FIG. 10. In FIG. 10, reference numeral 25 designates a shaft to be driven and the shaft 25 to be driven is inserted in the actuator. One end portion of the actuator is fixed to a driving shaft 26 at portion A shown in the drawing.",
220
+ "When voltage is not applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 of the actuator, since the inner diameter of the metal coil 3 is larger than the outer diameter of the shaft 25 to be driven, the rotation of the driving shaft 26 is not transmitted to the shaft 25 to be driven. On the other hand, if voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 of the actuator, the inner diameter of the metal coil 3 is contracted to produce the state in which the inner circumferential surface is in press contact with the outer circumferential surface of the shaft 25 to be driven, and the rotation of the driving shaft 26 is transmitted to the shaft 25 to be driven. As stated above, the actuator of the embodiment can also be used as the clutch.",
221
+ "Besides, if the actuator is such that when voltage is not applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3, the inner diameter of the metal coil 3 is smaller than the outer diameter of the shaft 25 to be driven, and the inner circumferential surface of the metal coil 3 is in press contact with the outer circumferential surface of the shaft 25 to be driven, and when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 of the actuator, the inner diameter of the metal coil 3 becomes larger than the outer diameter of the shaft 25 to be driven, the actuator can also be used as a clutch for cutting off the rotation of the driving shaft 26 transmitted to the shaft 25 to be driven when voltage is applied (it can be used as a cutoff clutch).",
222
+ "Besides, if the shaft 25 to be driven is fixed, the actuator of this embodiment can also be used as a brake.",
223
+ "Further, the actuator can also be used for a driving mechanism portion of a magnetic head in an apparatus for writing magnetic data in a magnetic recording medium such as a hard disk or a floppy disk. FIG. 11 is a schematic top view showing a hard disk device to which the actuator is applied. In FIG. 11, reference numeral 51 designates a disk 51 in which magnetic data is recorded. This disk 51 is rotated by a not-shown motor. Reference numeral 52 designates a magnetic head for writing/reading the magnetic data in/from the disk 51. The magnetic head 52 is attached to one end portion of a lever 53. The other end portion of the lever 53 is freely attached to a rotating shaft 55 fixed to a base 54 of a main body. By the rotation (direction shown by an arrow in the drawing) of the lever 53, a position opposite to the magnetic head 52 is moved in the radius direction of the disk 51.",
224
+ "Since the writing operation and reading operation of the magnetic data in the hard disk device are well-known, the description is omitted here.",
225
+ "FIG. 12 is a view showing a structure of a head driving portion for moving a magnetic head in a radius direction of a disk. The coil-shaped actuator of the embodiment is applied to the head driving portion. As shown in the drawing, a rotating shaft 55 fixed to a base 54 is inserted in the actuator. The inner diameter of the actuator is larger than the outer diameter of the rotating shaft 55. One end portion (lower end portion in the drawing) of the actuator is fixed to the rotating shaft 55, and the other end portion is fixed to a lever 53.",
226
+ "As described above, when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 of the actuator, the actuator is deformed in the direction to decrease the inner diameter. The lever 53 is rotated by the deformation of the actuator, and a magnetic head 52 is moved in the radius direction of the disk 51. Accordingly, by adjusting the voltage applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 of the actuator to control the displacement amount of the actuator, the magnetic head 52 can be moved to a suitable position with respect to the disk 51.",
227
+ "As stated above, by using the actuator of this embodiment, the structure of the driving mechanism portion for driving the magnetic head 52 becomes simple, so that miniaturization of an apparatus body and reduction in weight can be realized. Besides, since the piezoelectric ceramic has a very small time constant, an access time to the disk 51 can be shortened. Besides, since the consumed electric power of the piezoelectric ceramic is small, the consumed electric power of the apparatus body can be reduced. Further, since the positioning control of the magnetic head 52 can be carried out by the voltage control, the circuit structure for operating the driving mechanism portion is simple, and the cost of the main body can be reduced.",
228
+ "Incidentally, although the above description has been given of the example in which the actuator is used as the driving portion of the magnetic head, the actuator of this embodiment can also be applied to a driving mechanism portion for driving an optical pickup head or the like.",
229
+ "Next, an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIGS. 13A to 13D are views showing the actuator of this embodiment. FIG. 13A is a front view, FIG. 13B is a view seen in a direction \u201cA\u201d shown in FIG. 13A, FIG. 13C is a view seen in a direction \u201cB\u201d shown in FIG. 13A, and FIG. 13D is a sectional enlarged view taken in a direction C\u2014C shown in FIG. 13B. The actuator of this embodiment is such that electrodes 2 (2a, 2b) are formed on an upper surface and a lower surface of a piezoelectric ceramic 1 wound like a coil as shown in the drawing. The electrode 2a formed on the upper surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is thinner than the width of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 and is formed along the outer circumference of the piezoelectric ceramic 1. On the other hand, the electrode 2b formed on the lower surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is thinner than the width of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 and is formed along the inner circumference of the piezoelectric ceramic 1. The width of each of the electrodes 2a and 2b is approximately half of the width of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 wound like the coil. It is desirable that the width of each of the electrodes 2a and 2b is not larger than half of the width of the piezoelectric ceramic 1. The electrodes 2a and 2b are formed over substantially the full length of the piezoelectric ceramic 1. The piezoelectric ceramic 1 is subjected to the polarization treatment so that when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a and 2b formed on the upper surface and the lower surface (positive voltage is applied to the electrode 2a, and negative voltage is applied to the electrode 2b), it is expanded in a diagonal direction in which the electrodes 2a and 2b are formed as shown in FIG. 13D, and is contracted in a diagonal direction in which the electrodes 2a and 2b are not formed.",
230
+ "Next, a manufacturing process of the actuator of this embodiment will be described. The manufacturing process of the actuator of this embodiment is substantially the same as that shown in FIG. 1. First, the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is shaped like the coil, the piezoelectric ceramic 1 shaped like the coil is sintered (the so-called firing step is performed), and the electrodes 2a and 2b are formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sintered coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1. At this time, the electrodes 2a and 2b are formed over the whole width of the piezoelectric ceramic 1. Thereafter, after the polarization treatment and aging are carried out, an unnecessary portion of the electrode 2a at the inner circumferential side of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is removed, and an unnecessary portion of the electrode 2b at the outer circumferential side of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is removed. By the above process, the actuator of this embodiment can be manufactured. Besides, an unnecessary portion is masked and an electrode may be formed by an electroless plating method.",
231
+ "Further, the coil-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 is formed by the methods shown in FIGS. 2A to 4C, and then, the formation of the electrodes 2a and 2b, and the polarization treatment may be carried out.",
232
+ "As stated above, the actuator of this embodiment can also be easily manufactured, and a troublesome step is not included, so that the actuator can be formed inexpensively.",
233
+ "The operation of the actuator of this embodiment will be described. When voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a and 2b formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 wound like the coil (positive voltage is applied to the electrode 2a, and negative voltage is applied to the electrode 2b), the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is distorted in the width direction (direction shown by an arrow in the drawing), and the piezoelectric ceramic 1 wound like the coil is expanded in the axial direction of the coil. As stated above, the actuator of this embodiment is displaced in the axial direction by applying the voltage between the electrodes 2a and 2b. Besides, also in the actuator of this embodiment, similarly to the above embodiment, the displacement in the axial direction can be controlled by a simple switching circuit capable of carrying out application control of voltage between the electrodes 2a and 2b.",
234
+ "Next, another embodiment of an actuator which is displaced in an axial direction similarly to the actuator of the above embodiment will be described. FIGS. 14A to 14D are views showing the actuator of this embodiment. FIG. 14A is a front view, FIG. 14B is a view seen in a direction \u201cA\u201d shown in FIG. 14A, FIG. 14C is a view seen from a direction \u201cB\u201d shown in FIG. 14A, and FIG. 14D is a sectional view taken in a direction C\u2014C shown in FIG. 14B. The actuator of this embodiment is such that piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b are respectively formed on an upper surface and a lower surface of a metal coil 3 wound like a coil, and electrodes 2 (2a, 2b) are formed on surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b. The piezoelectric ceramic 1a formed on the upper surface of the metal coil 3 is formed in a winding direction along a side portion at an outer circumferential side, and the piezoelectric ceramic 1 formed on the lower surface of the metal coil 3 is formed in the winding direction along a side portion at an inner circumferential side. The width of each of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b is approximately half of the width of the metal coil 3 wound like the coil. Preferably, the width of each of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b is not larger than half of the width of the metal coil 3 wound like the coil. Besides, the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b are formed over substantially the full length of the metal coil 3. Further, a polarization adjustment is made such that when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 (positive voltage is applied to the electrodes 2a and 2b, and negative voltage is applied to the metal coil 3), the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b of this embodiment are expanded in the vertical direction with respect to the sheet face in FIG. 14D.",
235
+ "Next, a manufacturing process of the actuator of this embodiment will be described. The manufacturing process of the actuator of the embodiment is substantially the same as that shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C. First, the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b are formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal coil 3 by hydrothermal synthesis. At this time, the piezoelectric ceramic 1a is formed only on a necessary portion of the upper surface of the metal coil 3 at the outer circumferential side, and the piezoelectric ceramic 1b is formed only on a necessary portion of the lower surface of the metal coil 3 at the inner circumferential side.",
236
+ "Here, in the case where the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b are formed over substantially the full length of the metal coil 3 by the hydrothermal synthesis, the polarization directions of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b are directed toward the metal coil 3, and the polarization adjustment is made so that when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 (positive voltage is applied to the electrodes 2a, 2b, and negative voltage is applied to the metal coil 3), the piezoelectric ceramics are expanded in the vertical direction with respect to the sheet face. Accordingly, the polarization treatment for removing the polarization of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b and for again adjusting the polarization direction, which is explained in the manufacturing process of the actuator of FIGS. 5A to 5C, may not be performed.",
237
+ "Besides, the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b are formed over substantially the full length of the metal coil 3 by using, not the hydrothermal synthesis, but another method, and the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is sintered by performing the firing step, and then, the electrodes 2a and 2b may be formed on the surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b by the foregoing method, and the polarization treatment, and aging may be performed. The actuator of this embodiment is manufactured by the above process.",
238
+ "As stated above, the actuator of this embodiment can also be easily manufactured, and can be formed inexpensively since a troublesome step is not included.",
239
+ "Next, the operation of the actuator of this embodiment will be described. When voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 of the actuator (positive voltage is applied to the electrodes 2a, 2b, and negative voltage is applied to the metal coil 3), the metal coil 3 is distorted in the width direction by the displacement of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b, and the metal coil 3 is expanded in the axial direction. As stated above, the actuator of this embodiment is displaced in the axial direction by applying the voltage between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3. Besides, also in the actuator of this embodiment, similarly to the above embodiment, the displacement in the axial direction can be controlled by a simple switching circuit capable of carrying out application control of voltage between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3.",
240
+ "Further, with respect to the actuator shown in FIGS. 14A to 14D, as shown in FIGS. 15A to 15D, piezoelectric ceramics 1c and 1d may be added on the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal coil 3. The polarization adjustment is made such that the piezoelectric ceramics 1c and 1d are contracted in the vertical direction with respect to the sheet face in FIG. 15D when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2c, 2d formed on the surfaces and the metal coil 3. Accordingly, when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a to 2d and the metal coil 3 (positive voltage is applied to the electrodes 2a to 2d, and negative voltage is applied to the metal coil 3), the distortion generated in the metal coil 3 is larger than that of the actuator shown in FIG. 14. Accordingly, the actuator of this embodiment generates a larger displacement in the axial direction than that shown in FIG. 14.",
241
+ "Besides, in the actuator shown in FIG. 15, although two of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a to 1d are formed side by side on the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal coil 3, respectively, two piezoelectric ceramics 1 may be arranged on only one surface of the upper surface and the lower surface.",
242
+ "Incidentally, in the case where the piezoelectric ceramics 1a to 1d are formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal coil 3 by the hydrothermal synthesis, since the polarization directions of the piezoelectric ceramics 1c and 1d are also directed toward the metal coil 3, the polarization treatment for removing the polarization of the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b and for again adjusting the polarization direction, which is explained in the manufacturing process of the actuator of FIG. 2, is carried out.",
243
+ "As stated above, although the actuator shown in FIGS. 13A to 15D are different from the actuator shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C in that the actuator is displaced in the axial direction of the coil, as described above, similarly to the actuator shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, since the manufacturing process does not include a troublesome step, it can be easily manufactured and is inexpensive.",
244
+ "Besides, in the actuator shown in FIGS. 13A to 13D, although the electrodes 2a and 2b narrower than the width of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 are formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 shaped like the coil, as shown in FIGS. 16A to 16C, even if electrodes 2a and 2b lower than the height of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 are formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 wound like the coil, the actuator having the same effect can be obtained.",
245
+ "Besides, in the actuator shown in FIGS. 14A to 14D, although the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b narrower than the width of the metal coil 3, and the electrodes 2a and 2b are formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal coil 3, as shown in FIGS. 17A to 17C, even if the piezoelectric ceramics 1a and 1b lower than the metal coil 3 and the electrodes 2a and 2b are formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the metal coil 3, the actuator having the same effect can be obtained.",
246
+ "Further, in the actuator shown in FIGS. 15A to 15D, although the piezoelectric ceramics 1a to 1d narrower than the width of the metal coil 3 and the electrodes 2a to 2d are formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal coil 3, as shown in FIGS. 18A to 18C, even if the piezoelectric ceramics 1a to 1d lower than the height of the metal coil 3 and the electrodes 2a to 2d are formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the metal coil 3, the actuator having the same effect can be obtained.",
247
+ "Since the actuator of the embodiment is displaced in the axial direction, it is conceivable that the actuator is used for, for example, a suspension spring of an automobile or the like. In the actuator using the piezoelectric ceramic 1, as well known, the sensing of vibration and the attenuation of vibration by application control of voltage can be electrically controlled, it is said that flexible control can be carried out. Besides, since an oil damper becomes unnecessary, the cost of the automobile to which the actuator is applied can be greatly reduced.",
248
+ "Besides, in an adjustment structure of a fuel injection device valve used for an automobile or the like, the above actuator may be used for a driving mechanism portion of a needle.",
249
+ "Besides, in all the foregoing embodiments, the shape of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 or the metal coil 3 may be formed into a shape shown in FIG. 19A or FIG. 19B. The shape shown in FIG. 19A or 19B is a shape generally called a bamboo spring, and is a spring shape in which a large displacement is obtained in the axial direction. FIGS. 19A and 19B show sections of the bamboo springs.",
250
+ "Next, an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 20A is a view showing the actuator of this embodiment, and FIG. 20B is a view (view seen in a direction \u201cA\u201d shown in FIG. 20A) showing a lower surface of the actuator. The actuator of this embodiment is such that an electrode 2a having a width not larger than half of the width of a piezoelectric ceramic 1 is formed on an upper surface of the belt-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 along one side portion, and an electrode 2b having a width not larger than half of the width of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is formed on a lower surface of the belt-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 1 along the other side portion. As is apparent from this drawing as well, the actuator of this embodiment is such that the piezoelectric ceramic 1 in the actuator shown in FIGS. 13A to 13D is made belt-shaped (so-called torsion bar).",
251
+ "Besides, as another embodiment of this torsion bar type actuator, ones shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B and FIGS. 22A and 22B are conceivable. FIGS. 21A and 21B show the actuator in which the metal coil 3 of the actuator shown in FIGS. 14A to 14D is replaced by a belt-shaped metal plate 3a, and FIGS. 22A and 22B show the actuator in which the metal coil 3 of the actuator shown in FIGS. 15A to 15D is replaced by a belt-shaped metal plate 3a.",
252
+ "The actuators shown in FIGS. 20A to 22B can be manufactured by substantially the same processes as the actuators shown in FIGS. 13A to 15D, respectively.",
253
+ "Incidentally, although FIGS. 22A and 22B show the actuator in which two piezoelectric ceramics 1a to 1d are formed side by side on both the surfaces of the metal plate 3a, two piezoelectric ceramics 1 may be formed on only one of the surfaces.",
254
+ "Next, the operation of these actuators will be described. In the actuators shown in FIGS. 20A to 22B, when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a and 2b (FIGS. 20A and 20B), between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal plate 3a (FIGS. 21A and 21B), and between the electrodes 2a to 2d and the metal plate 3a (FIGS. 22A and 22B), distortion is generated in the direction shown in the drawing.",
255
+ "As a use example of the actuators shown in FIGS. 20A to 22B, as shown in FIG. 23, an example is conceivable in which flappers 30 are attached to the actuator, and the flappers 30 are rotated in the directions shown in the drawing by the distortion generated by application control of voltage.",
256
+ "Further, an actuator of another embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIGS. 24A and 24B are views showing the actuator of this embodiment. FIG. 24A is a top view, and FIG. 24B is a sectional view taken in a direction A\u2014A shown in FIG. 24A. In the actuator of this embodiment, the coil-shaped actuator shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C or FIGS. 5A to 5C is made spring-shaped. Incidentally, reference numeral 35 in the drawing designates a shaft attached to the center of a piezoelectric ceramic 1 or a metal coil 3 wound into a spiral shape (spring shape).",
257
+ "Incidentally, FIG. 25A is a view showing a structure of a portion B shown in FIG. 24B with respect to the actuator in which the actuator shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C is made spring-shaped, and FIG. 25B is a view showing a structure of the portion B shown in FIG. 24B with respect to the actuator in which the actuator shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C is made spring-shaped.",
258
+ "Besides, the actuator of this embodiment can be manufactured by substantially the same method as the actuator shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C or FIGS. 5A to 5C. The description of the manufacturing process is omitted here.",
259
+ "Incidentally, the actuator can not be manufactured by the methods shown in FIGS. 2A to 2E and FIGS. 3A to 3E.",
260
+ "The actuator of this embodiment is displaced in the direction in which a coil diameter is contracted in a spirally wound coil portion when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a and 2b or between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3. The shaft 35 provided at the center of the coil is rotated by this displacement.",
261
+ "The actuator of this embodiment can be applied to the rotation driving of the head in the hard disk device shown in FIG. 11. FIG. 26 is a view showing a structure of a head driving portion for moving a head in a radius direction of a disk. The coil-shaped actuator of the embodiment is applied to the head driving portion. A rotating shaft 55 rotatably attached to a base 54 is inserted in the actuator of this embodiment. An inner diameter of the actuator is larger than an outer diameter of the rotating shaft 55. One end portion of the actuator is fixed to the rotating shaft 55, and the other end portion is free.",
262
+ "Incidentally, a lever 53 is fixed to the rotating shaft 55.",
263
+ "As described above, when voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 of the actuator, the actuator is deformed in the direction in which the inner diameter becomes small. The rotating shaft 55 is rotated by the displacement of this actuator. The lever 53 is rotated in accordance with the rotation of this rotating shaft 55, and a magnetic head 52 is moved in the radius direction of a disk 51. Accordingly, by adjusting the voltage applied between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3 of the actuator to control the displacement amount of the actuator, the magnetic head 52 can be moved to a suitable position with respect to the disk 51.",
264
+ "As stated above, since the structure of the driving mechanism portion for driving the magnetic head 52 becomes simple, miniaturization and reduction in weight of an apparatus main body can be realized. Besides, since the piezoelectric ceramic has a very small time constant, an access time to the disk 51 can be shortened. Besides, since the consumed electric power of the piezoelectric ceramic is small, the consumed electric power of the apparatus main body can be reduced. Further, since positioning control of the magnetic head 52 can be carried out by voltage control, a circuit structure for operating the driving mechanism portion can be made simple, and the cost of the main body can be reduced.",
265
+ "Further, if a spring used for various appliances, for example, a watch is replaced by this actuator, when it is wound, energy is mechanically stored and electricity can be generated. Further, as described later, if the piezoelectric spring is made to have a laminate structure, and a part is formed as a capacitor, storage of an electric charge becomes possible, and electricity can be generated even at the time of unwinding the spring.",
266
+ "As stated above, by using the spring-shaped actuator which can generate and store energy, miniaturization of various appliances, such as a watch, and reduction in cost can be realized.",
267
+ "Besides, as shown in FIGS. 27A and 27B, both end portions may be wound into a spiral shape. When voltage is applied between the electrodes 2a and 2b or between the electrodes 2a, 2b and the metal coil 3, the actuator shown in FIGS. 27A and 27B is displaced in the direction to reduce the coil diameter at coil portions of both the end portions, so that two shafts 35a and 35b are rotated in reverse directions to each other.",
268
+ "Next, an embodiment of an actuator in which a dielectric is provided in parallel with a piezoelectric ceramic 1 will be described. Incidentally, in any actuator of the foregoing embodiments, if the dielectric is provided in parallel with the piezoelectric ceramic 1 (1a to 1d), effects set forth below can be obtained.",
269
+ "As well known, the dielectric functions as a capacitor. FIG. 28 shows a circuit in which a capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the piezoelectric ceramic 1. Incidentally, in this drawing, PS designates a power source, and SW designates a switch for controlling (on/off) the application of voltage to the piezoelectric ceramic 1.",
270
+ "In the circuit shown in FIG. 28, when the switch SW is turned on, voltage is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic 1, and the actuator is displaced as described above. When the switch SW is turned off, since an electric charge is stored in the capacitor C1, the state in which voltage is applied continues in the piezoelectric ceramic 1, and the actuator is not returned to the initial state. As stated above, the return of the actuator to the initial state can be restricted by the capacitor (dielectric) provided in parallel with the piezoelectric ceramic (1a to 1d). Besides, if the capacitance of the capacitor C1 is adjusted, it is possible to control a time from the point when the switch SW is turned off to the point when the actuator starts to return to the initial state. Besides, if a discharge circuit for discharging the electric charge stored in the capacitor C1 is provided, by adjusting the time constant of the discharge circuit, it is also possible to control a time from the point when the switch SW is turned off to the point when the actuator is returned to the initial state, and to carry out speed control at the time of returning.",
271
+ "The capacitor C1 may be provided in the switching circuit for controlling the operation of the actuator, or may be formed integrally with the actuator.",
272
+ "Hereinafter, a manufacturing process of an actuator in which the capacitor C1 is integrally formed, will be described. A step of forming the piezoelectric ceramic 1 (1a to 1d) on the metal coil 3 or the metal plate 3a, and steps up to the formation of the electrode 2 (2a to 2d) on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 are the same as the steps in the foregoing manufacturing process of the actuator. Here, for facilitation of explanation, an actuator is exemplified in which the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is formed on the upper surface of the belt-shaped metal plate 3a and the electrode 2 is formed on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1, and steps subsequent to this will be described.",
273
+ "FIG. 29A shows a state where the piezoelectric ceramic 1 and the electrode 2 are formed on the metal plate 3, and a polarization treatment is not performed. Here, a part (portion surrounded by a broken line in the drawing) of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 and the electrode 2 is cut off from another part to make a state where electrical connection is not made (see FIG. 29B). The polarization treatment is not performed for the cut off part, and the polarization treatment is performed for the other part. That is, high voltage is not applied to the cut off part. When the polarization treatment is completed, aging is performed, and after the aging is completed, an electrode 5 for electrically connecting the cut off part to the part subjected to the polarization treatment is formed (see FIG. 29C).",
274
+ "In the actuator manufactured by the above steps, when voltage is applied between the electrode 2 and the metal plate 3, although the piezoelectric inverse effect does not occur in the part which has not been subjected to the polarization treatment, the piezoelectric inverse effect occurs in the part which has been subjected to the polarization treatment, so that a designated displacement is generated. On the other hand, since the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is originally a dielectric, it functions as a capacitor. Accordingly, the part which has not been subjected to the polarization treatment functions as the capacitor C1 shown in FIG. 28. As stated above, by merely changing the manufacturing process of the actuator slightly, it is possible to manufacture the actuator in which the dielectric is connected in parallel with the piezoelectric ceramic 1. Of course, the capacitor C1 may be formed by another material superior in dielectric properties.",
275
+ "Further, the piezoelectric ceramic 1 used for all the embodiments may be a laminate type. The laminate type piezoelectric ceramic 1 is such that a plurality of piezoelectric ceramics 1 are laminated while electrodes 2 are interposed between them as shown in FIG. 30.",
276
+ "Incidentally, the electrode 2 is formed not only between the layers of the piezoelectric ceramics 1, but also on the obverse and reverse surfaces of the actuator.",
277
+ "In a bimorph type piezoelectric element, as the thickness becomes thin, the displacement becomes large, however, the force generated by the displacement becomes small. However, a large force can be generated by laminating a plurality of piezoelectric elements, and a large displacement can also be obtained, so that the actuator can be constructed to be further small. Besides, a portion between laminate layers of the laminated piezoelectric ceramics 1 may be an adhering type or may be a non-adhering type.",
278
+ "In the laminate type actuator, for example, as shown in FIG. 31, six piezoelectric ceramics 1 each having the polarization direction of an upward direction are superimposed on each other while the electrodes 2 are interposed between them. In the case where the electrodes 2 on the obverse and reverse surfaces and between the layers are made alternately a positive electrode and a negative electrode and voltage is applied, in the piezoelectric ceramics 1 of the respective layers, the expanding and contracting directions of the piezoelectric ceramics 1, which are vertically positioned while the electrodes 2 are interposed between them, alternately become opposite to each other. In this case, the vertically positioned piezoelectric ceramics 1 are deformed in the opposite directions to each other. Thus, the friction generated between the respective layers acts in the direction to prevent the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic 1, and the generated force is decreased by this.",
279
+ "Then, as shown in FIG. 32A, the lamination is carried out so that the polarization directions of the piezoelectric ceramics 1 positioned vertically at both sides of the electrode 2 become opposite to each other. Besides, the respective electrodes 2 are connected as shown in the drawing, and voltage is applied so that the piezoelectric ceramics 1 of the upper three layers are deformed in the expanding direction, and the piezoelectric ceramics 1 of the lower three layers are deformed in the contracting direction.",
280
+ "In a method shown in FIG. 32A, voltage is not applied to the electrode positioned between the upper three layers and the lower three layers. Positive voltage and negative voltage are alternately applied to the other electrodes 2.",
281
+ "In this case, there is one place where the piezoelectric ceramics 1 deforming in the opposite directions are vertically positioned (there are five places in the actuator shown in FIG. 31). Thus, as compared with the actuator shown in FIG. 31, a force acting in the direction to prevent the displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 can be suppressed, and a larger force can be generated.",
282
+ "Besides, the actuator shown in FIG. 32A can be easily manufactured as described below.",
283
+ "When the piezoelectric ceramics 1 are formed by the hydrothermal synthesis on the obverse and reverse surfaces of a titanium base member functioning as the electrode 2, the polarization directions of the piezoelectric ceramics 1 formed on the observe and reverse surfaces of the electrode 2 (titanium base member) become directions directed toward the electrode 2 (see FIG. 32B). Accordingly, by superimposing three such product (the product shown in FIG. 32B) in each of which the piezoelectric ceramics 1 are formed by the hydrothermal synthesis on the obverse and reverse surfaces of the electrode 2 (titanium base member), the actuator shown in FIG. 32A can be manufactured.",
284
+ "Besides, with respect to the intermediately disposed product, the electrode 2 may not be formed on the obverse and reverse surfaces of the formed piezoelectric ceramic 1. It is sufficient if the electrode 2 is formed on the obverse and reverse surfaces of the formed piezoelectric ceramic 1 only with respect to the products disposed at the upper side and the lower side. The reason is that the intermediately disposed product can share the electrodes 2 formed on the products disposed at the upper side and the lower side.",
285
+ "Besides, as shown in FIG. 33, the product shown in FIG. 32B may be disposed at the upper and lower sides of a capacitor 60 made of a dielectric layer. In this case, even if electrification is stopped by cutting off a power supply circuit, since an electric charge is held in the capacitor 60 (dielectric), the displacement can be held for a definite time. Although the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is originally a dielectric material and is polarized and charged by electrification, since its internal resistance is not infinite, the piezoelectric ceramic discharges the electricity in a time corresponding to the internal resistance value, and the deformation of the actuator is returned. If a dielectric member superior in charging efficiency is disposed at a place where a contribution effect to a displacement operation is low, the holding effect of the displacement becomes more remarkable.",
286
+ "As described above, according to the present invention, the structure is simple, and the manufacturing process does not include a troublesome step, so that the manufacturing cost is low. Besides, since the actuator itself is small, the miniaturization of an apparatus to which this actuator is applied and the reduction in cost can be easily realized.",
287
+ "Besides, according to the present invention, a strain element formed into a coil shape or a spring shape can be easily manufactured."
288
+ ],
289
+ "citations": [
290
+ "2497108",
291
+ "3781955",
292
+ "3798474",
293
+ "3816774",
294
+ "3900748",
295
+ "4435667",
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+ "4638207",
297
+ "4690143",
298
+ "4768173",
299
+ "4843275",
300
+ "4911172",
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+ "5109861",
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+ "5112438",
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+ "5526601",
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+ "356131221",
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+ "57-15600",
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+ "57-208798",
307
+ "60-63401",
308
+ "60-264200",
309
+ "1-223785",
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+ "04-025640",
311
+ "5-136476",
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+ "6-22396",
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+ "6-206787",
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+ "06-216424",
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+ "7-103999",
316
+ "7-307500",
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+ "11-112046",
318
+ "11-195819",
319
+ "2000-174353",
320
+ "WO-98-09339",
321
+ "WO-01-47318"
322
+ ],
323
+ "us_classification": "29 2535",
324
+ "international_classifications": [
325
+ {
326
+ "classification_level": "A",
327
+ "section": "H",
328
+ "classification_class": "04",
329
+ "subclass": "R",
330
+ "main_group": "17",
331
+ "subgroup": "00"
332
+ }
333
+ ]
334
+ }
json_patents/06983522.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Exchange device for grip heads comprising a plurality of clamping jaws",
3
+ "abstract": "An exchange device for grip heads comprising a plurality of clamping jaws, consisting of a carrier plate having a borehole. Pivoting arms are axially staggered in relation to the carrier plate and are concentrically arranged in relation to the borehole. The pivoting arms are articulated by a joint in such a way that they can be pivoted in a plane containing the axis of the borehole. The pivoting movement is thus carried out radially in relation to the axis of the borehole. Coupling elements are arranged on the pivoting arms, by which the exchange device can be coupled to the clamping jaws of the grip head and detached from the same.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Weller",
6
+ "Hetschel"
7
+ ],
8
+ "document_number": "06983522",
9
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
10
+ "assignees": [
11
+ "Hainbuch GmbH Spannende Technik"
12
+ ],
13
+ "claims": [
14
+ {
15
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
16
+ "preamble": "1. A changing device for closers, the closers having several gripping jaws, the gripping jaws being separated from one another by radially directed slots and which are elastically interconnected, the changing device comprising:",
17
+ "components": [
18
+ {
19
+ "component": "a carrier plate with a bore;",
20
+ "subcomponents": []
21
+ },
22
+ {
23
+ "component": "axially displaced swivel arms articulated centrally with respect to the bore and a joint by which they can be swivelled radially to the bore axis, relative to the carrier plate;",
24
+ "subcomponents": []
25
+ },
26
+ {
27
+ "component": "coupling members provided on the swivel arms for coupling the changing device to the gripping jaws; and",
28
+ "subcomponents": []
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "component": "an axially movable tension bolt, which traverses the carrier plate bore and engages on the swivel arms,",
32
+ "subcomponents": []
33
+ },
34
+ {
35
+ "component": "wherein operating levers are provided for the manual operation of the changing device, wherein a first operating lever is fixed with respect to the carrier plate and a second operating lever is rotatable with respect to the first operating lever and engages on the tension bolt.",
36
+ "subcomponents": []
37
+ }
38
+ ]
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
42
+ "preamble": "2. The changing device according to claim 1 , wherein the operating levers can be transferred from a starting position, where the operating levers are spaced far apart, into an operating end position where the operating levers are close together.",
43
+ "components": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
47
+ "preamble": "3. The changing device according to claim 1 , wherein in a starting position of the operating levers, the changing device can be engaged or disengaged again with the closer by coupling members and in an operating end position of the operating levers the closer can be removed from ha machine-side holder.",
48
+ "components": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
52
+ "preamble": "4. The changing device according to claim 1 , wherein the second operating lever can be rotated about a rotation axis running parallel to the bore wit respect to the first operating lever.",
53
+ "components": []
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
57
+ "preamble": "5. The changing device according to claim 4 , wherein the second operating lever can be rotated coaxially to the bore.",
58
+ "components": []
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
62
+ "preamble": "6. The changing device according to claim 4 , wherein the second operating lever projects from a swivel held by at least two levers supported on the one hand on the swivel and on the other at least indirectly on the carrier plate.",
63
+ "components": []
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
67
+ "preamble": "7. The changing device according to claim 6 , wherein the levers are bilaterally held in such a way that during an operation of the operating levers from the starring position in the direction of the operating end position they tilt up and increase the spacing between the carrier plate and swivel.",
68
+ "components": []
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
72
+ "preamble": "8. The changing device according to claim 6 , wherein the swivel is held by three levers.",
73
+ "components": []
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
77
+ "preamble": "9. The changing device according to claim 1 , wherein the second operating lever is rotatable about a rotation axis perpendicular to the bore with respect to the first operating lever.",
78
+ "components": []
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
82
+ "preamble": "10. The changing device according to claim 9 , wherein a toggle lever arrangement is constructed between the first and second operating levers.",
83
+ "components": []
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
87
+ "preamble": "11. The changing device according to claim 10 , wherein the first operating lever projects radially from a pipe section placed on the carrier plate in the axial extension of the bore.",
88
+ "components": []
89
+ },
90
+ {
91
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
92
+ "preamble": "12. The changing device according to claim 10 , wherein the toggle lever arrangement has two lever arms, the second operating lever being supported on the pipe section by the shorter of the two lever arms.",
93
+ "components": []
94
+ },
95
+ {
96
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
97
+ "preamble": "13. The changing device according to claim 12 , wherein the tension bolt projects into the pipe section and has two parallel, facing elongated holes and an intermediate area with a recess, the tension bolt being axially displaceably mounted relative to the king pin by the elongated holes and where, spaced from the bearing lug of the longer lever arm, the king pin traverses the second operating lever and said spacing forms the shorter lever arm.",
98
+ "components": []
99
+ },
100
+ {
101
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
102
+ "preamble": "14. The changing device according to claim 12 , wherein a safety bolt traverses the rear end of the tension bolt and forms the pivot bearing of the longer operating lever on the tension bolt.",
103
+ "components": []
104
+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
107
+ "preamble": "15. The changing device according to claim 10 , wherein the second operating lever is supported by a rounded rolling edge on the inner face of a sleeve inserted in the pipe section.",
108
+ "components": []
109
+ },
110
+ {
111
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
112
+ "preamble": "16. The changing device according to claim 10 , wherein the three swivel axes of the toggle lever arrangement in the operating end position are at least approximately in one plane.",
113
+ "components": []
114
+ },
115
+ {
116
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
117
+ "preamble": "17. The changing device according to claim 16 , wherein the plane is in the median plane of the elongated holes of the toggle lever arrangement.",
118
+ "components": []
119
+ },
120
+ {
121
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
122
+ "preamble": "18. The changing device according to claim 16 , wherein between the first and second operating levers is provided at least one return spring, which urges the second operating lever in the direction of the starting position.",
123
+ "components": []
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
127
+ "preamble": "19. The changing device according to claim 16 , wherein the swivel levers are supported on the tension bolt in both the push and pull directions.",
128
+ "components": []
129
+ }
130
+ ],
131
+ "description": [
132
+ "The present invention relates to a changing device for closers having several gripping jaws. In connection with lathes it is known to make use of two-part collet chucks. Such collet chucks comprise a draw-in or push-out tube part and a closer. By means of a coupling device the draw-in tube can be coupled axially to the closer and, if necessary, they can be separated from one another.",
133
+ "Changing devices are known for coupling and uncoupling the closer with respect to the collet chuck.",
134
+ "A changing device for such closers is e.g. known from DE 28 31 140 C2. A closer changing device described therein comprises a carrier plate with a bore or hole. Swivel arms are articulated by means of a joint to the carrier plate in axially displaced manner with respect thereto and concentric to the bore. The joint is aligned in such a way that the swivel arms can be swivelled in a plane radial to the bore axis. The swivel arms have coupling members for coupling the changing device to the gripping jaws of the closer. Action takes place on the swivel arms by means of an axially movable tension bolt, which traverses the carrier plate.",
135
+ "The changing device is used for the application thereof to the closer and by means of coupling members a connection is formed between the changing device and the gripping jaws. Actuation then takes place and as a result the connection between the closer and the draw-in tube is released or can be restored again.",
136
+ "The actuation of the changing device in the embodiment involved e.g. takes place by means of a handwheel. The handwheel is provided on its inside with a thread, whose corresponding element appears on the tension bolt. By turning the handwheel the tension bolt can be drawn further into the carrier plate and removed from the closer. There is a swivelling movement of the swivel arms and therefore an operation of the gripping jaws permitting a release of the closer from the draw-in tube. On turning the handwheel in the opposite direction there is an opposing actuation of the tension rod, which is moved back into its original position. Thus, a release of the changing device from the closer is again possible. The closer is either to be secured again in the draw-in tube or is in a position remote from said tube, so that it can be manually manipulated.",
137
+ "Besides this form of manual operation of the changing device, there are also various external force actuations, e.g. using pneumatic or hydraulic operating cylinders. Such a pneumatic or hydraulic actuation of the operating cylinder always presupposes that there is a corresponding fluidic external force source with connection possibilities on the particular machine where the changing device is to be used.",
138
+ "Thus, a manual operation is a simplified variant which can be universally used as compared with such an external force-controlled actuation. Manual actuation is possible independently of the circumstances of the particular machine and no separate power supply connection is required. In the case of manual actuation it is necessary to introduce high actuating forces into the closer in order to permit a release of said closer from the draw-in tube. In the hitherto known manual changing devices such forces have been introduced via a screw thread using a handwheel. This is disadvantageous if for the operation of the device it is necessary to use both hands, e.g. one hand for preparing and holding the device and the other for operating the handwheel. It is also often unfavourable to perform rotary movements in the interior of the machine area. This more particularly applies with multi-spindle machines, where numerous tools project into the machine area and where the spatial arrangement of the closers for the chucking of workpieces is restricted.",
139
+ "The problem of the invention is to provide a changing device of the aforementioned type, which permits simplified operation and greater operating safety.",
140
+ "This problem is solved by a changing device having the features of claim 1. Advantageous and preferred developments of the invention form the subject matter of the further claims and are explained in detail hereinafter. By express reference the wording of the claims is made into part of the content of the description.",
141
+ "A changing device for closers with several gripping jaws according to the invention comprises a carrier plate with a bore. Swivel arms are arranged concentrically to the bore in axially displaced manner relative to the carrier plate. They are articulated by means of a joint in such a way that they are swivellable in a plane comprising the bore axis, the swivelling movement taking place radially to said bore axis. On the swivel arms are provided coupling members by means of which the changing device can be coupled to and then detached from the gripping jaws of the closer. In addition, the changing device has an axially movable tension bolt located in the carrier plate bore and which engages on the swivel arms. Thus, the radial swivelling position of the swivel arms is influenced by means of the tension bolt position.",
142
+ "Operating levers are provided for manually operating the changing device. A first operating lever is fixed with respect to the carrier plate. The second operating lever is arranged in rotary manner with respect to the first lever and engages at least indirectly on the tension bolt.",
143
+ "According to a preferred development the operating levers can be transferred from a starting position into an operating end position. In the starting position the operating levers are spaced far apart. They are in particular so far apart that they can just be grasped with one or both hands. The operating levers can be transferred into an operating end position, where they are adjacent to one another.",
144
+ "The transfer of the operating levers from the starting position into the operating end position can take place through a relative movement of the second operating lever with respect to the first operating lever. In the starting position of the manually operable operating levers, the changing device can be engaged with the closer by means of coupling members and said engagement can be removed again. Thus, in the starting position of the operating levers the changing device can be applied to or released from the closer. In the operating end position of the operating levers an engagement on the closer is possible in such a way that it can be coupled to or uncoupled from a machine-side holder and generally the closer is held on the draw-in tube.",
145
+ "The connection between the closer and the machine-side holder can be in the form of a groove made in the latter and behind which engage the corresponding retaining tongues on the individual gripping jaws of the closer. This engaging-behind connection is preferably cancelled out through the gripping jaws being moved relative to one another. There is an elastic deformation of the elastomeric material connecting the gripping jaws in the vicinity of the slots between the latter.",
146
+ "According to an advantageous development of the invention the second operating lever can be rotated about a rotation axis parallel to the bore with respect to the first operating lever. The second operating lever can in particular be rotated coaxially to the bore. According to a preferred development the second operating lever is constructed in projecting manner on a swivel, which is supported by means of at least two levers at least indirectly on the carrier plate. The levers are used for guiding the rotary movement and for producing an axial displacement path of the tension bolt relative to the carrier plate when an operation of the operating lever takes place.",
147
+ "There are in particular three levers. They are preferably positioned equidistantly and uniformly relative to the bore centre axis. In particular, the levers can have on each of their two ends a ball end, which is held in a corresponding cup in the carrier plate or the swivel.",
148
+ "According to a further development the two ends of the levers are held in such a way that on operating the operating levers out of the starting position in the direction of the operating end position they tilt up and increase the spacing between the carrier plate and the swivel. The tension bolt, which is in particular fixed to the swivel, effects a translatory movement relative to the bore in the carrier plate. A swivelling of the swivel arms is produced by this movement of the tension bolt.",
149
+ "According to another development the second operating lever is rotatable about a rotation axis perpendicular to the bore axis with respect to the first operating lever. Between the first and second operating levers there can in particular be a toggle lever arrangement. The toggle lever arrangement more particularly guides the operating movement of the second operating lever relative to the first operating lever, which is fixed with respect to the carrier plate. Preferably the first operating lever projects radially from a pipe section arranged on the carrier plate in the axial extension of the bore.",
150
+ "A toggle lever arrangement preferably has two toggle lever arms. The second operating lever is connected by means of the longer of the two lever arms to the tension bolt. According to a development of the invention a sleeve is inserted in the bore. The tension bolt projects into the pipe section and has two parallel, diametrically facing elongated holes, together with a recess in the intermediate area. The tension bolt is longitudinally displaced arranged in the pipe section with respect to the king pin. The king pin traverses the second operating lever at a certain distance from the bearing opening of the longer lever arm. This spacing forms the shorter lever arm of the toggle lever arrangement. In such an arrangement the second operating lever is on the one hand guided by the construction of the elongated holes in the sleeve and on the other by means of the longer lever arm with respect to the pipe section is secured in an area fixed relative to the carrier plate. This fixes the swivelling movement of the second operating lever relative to the first operating lever.",
151
+ "A sleeve insertable in the pipe section is secured in the latter in order to guide a safety bolt relative to its own longitudinal axis and the tension bolt within the pipe section. According to a preferred development said safety bolt simultaneously constitutes the pivot bearing of the longer operating lever on the tension bolt.",
152
+ "It is also possible for the second operating lever to be supported on the inner face of the sleeve by means of a rounded rolling edge.",
153
+ "With toggle lever arrangements it is advantageous if the three swivel axes of the arrangement are at least approximately in one plane in the operating end position. This plane is preferably in the median plane of the elongated holes of the toggle lever arrangement.",
154
+ "It is possible in all the arrangements to provide a return spring between the first and second operating levers and which acts on the second lever in such a way that it automatically moves back into the starting position. It is also possible for the swivel lever to be supported only in the pull direction, i.e. the force introduction direction, by forces from the operating levers on the tension bolt, i.e. the tension bolt is supported there both in the pull and push directions. Supporting in both directions makes it possible on retracting the operating levers into the starting position to move the swivel levers back into the starting position in which they can be coupled to corresponding closers. For fixing the starting position of the swivel levers a support on the tension bolt in the push and pull directions is unnecessary if corresponding restoring means are provided between the swivel levers and carrier plate. These restoring means can simultaneously serve as restoring means for the operating levers, because they act back indirectly on the operating means by means of the operating bolts. They are also suitable to restore the original starting position.",
155
+ "These and further features can be gathered from the claims, description and drawings and the individual features, both singly and in the form of subcombinations, can be implemented in an embodiment of the invention and in other fields and can represent advantageous, independently protectable constructions for which protection is claimed here.",
156
+ "The invention is illustrated further hereinafter by embodiments and the attached drawings, wherein show:",
157
+ "FIGS. 1 to 4 In each case side and plan views of a first embodiment of an inventive changing device, which is coupled to a closer.",
158
+ "FIGS. 5 and 6 Part sectional representations of a second embodiment of an inventive changing device in the unoperated and operated positions of said device without showing the closer.",
159
+ "FIGS. 1 and 2 show in an unoperated starting position a first embodiment of a changing device 30. FIGS. 3 and 4 show the same changing device 30 in the operating end position. The upper half of the drawing in each case shows a part sectional, diagrammatic side view in the case of FIGS. 1 and 3, whereas in the lower drawing half in FIGS. 2 and 4 is shown the plan view also in the form of a diagrammatic, part sectional representation.",
160
+ "The changing device 30 is coupled to a closer 20. The closer 20 comprises several gripping jaws 21 separated from one another by slots 22. Connecting bodies 23 are placed in the slots 22. The connecting bodies 23 are made from elastically deformable material, particularly rubber-like, deformable material, such as e.g. natural and artificial rubbers with different additives influencing the material characteristics or colour. The connecting bodies can be positively and/or non-positively fixed to the two adjacent gripping jaws 21 by bonding and/or vulcanizing, but also by means of other fastening procedures. The connecting bodies 23 can fill all the slots 22, so that to the outside a body with a closed contour line is formed.",
161
+ "To be able to couple a changing device 30 to the closer 20, the latter has several receptacles 24 for coupling members. At least one receptacle 24 for a coupling member is provided for each clamping or gripping jaw 21. The receptacles 24 are here provided on the workpiece-receiving side of the closer. The free end face of the closer 20 is particularly suitable.",
162
+ "For the machine-side fastening of the closer, e.g. in a draw-in tube, the closer 20 has an all-round groove 25, which in particular serves for the positive, axial and radial holding of the closer on the draw-in tube. The collet chuck is formed by the closer and the draw-in tube.",
163
+ "In the starting position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 the closer 20 is in its assembly or storage state. The connecting bodies 23 are in a starting state in which the opposing forces compensate one another. On mounting the closer 20 on a draw-in tube there is a positive engagement behind of the groove 25 of closer 20. As a result the closer is at least axially held in the draw-in tube. FIGS. 3 and 4 show the position where the changing device 30 is in the operating end position. Through elastic deformation of the connecting bodies 23, which in particular reduces the outer circumference of the closer 20 in the vicinity of the groove 25, the positive connection between the closer 20 and draw-in tube is released. Thus, the closer 20 can be removed from or inserted in the draw-in tube.",
164
+ "In order to carry out the operation of the closer, the changing device 30 is provided. The changing device serves to release the positive connection between the closer 20 and the draw-in tube, as well as for handling the closer 20 when it has been released from the draw-in tube.",
165
+ "The changing device 30 can be coupled to the closer 20 by coupling members 35. In the embodiment shown here the coupling members 35 are constructed as lugs, which can be introduced into receptacles in the form of bores 24.",
166
+ "In the starting position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the coupling members 35 project axially from the swivel arms 33 in the direction of the closer 20. The swivel arms 33 are held by means of joints 34 on the carrier plate 31. The rotation axis 34 of each swivel arm 33 is positioned on the radial outside relative to a bore 32 in the carrier plate 31. The rotation axis of a joint 34 is tangential to the bore. This makes it possible to swivel the swivel arms in a plane containing the bore centre axis 37. They can therefore be swivelled radially to the bore axis.",
167
+ "The carrier plate 31 is traversed by the bore 32 in which is held in guided manner the tension bolt 36. In the manner shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the tension bolt 36 can be a built-up part comprising a cylindrical shaft and a cover projecting radially outwards from said shaft. The tension bolt 36 traverses the carrier plate and with the cover engages behind the swivel arms 33. Through the back-engagement of the swivel arms, it is possible by means of the tension bolt 36 to exert tensile forces on the swivel arms 33, so that the coupling members 35 are swivelled about the joints 34 and are inclined inwards towards the bore centre axis 37. The swivelling movement leads to the leaving of the starting position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 until the operating end position shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is reached. Counter to the action of the rubber-like deformation of the connecting members 23, there is a deformation of the closer 20, which permits the release of the closer from the draw-in tube. The deforming forces introduced into the connecting bodies act as restoring forces, so that by means thereof a return from the operating end position of FIGS. 3 and 4 to the starting position of FIG. 1 takes place. In the case of such a swivelling back, the swivel arms 33 introduce the forces from the closer 20 into the changing device 30 and the tension bolt is moved back into the starting position of FIG. 1 by its back engagement of the swivel arms 33.",
168
+ "So that this return movement also takes place when no closer 20 is coupled to the changing device 30, it is possible to provide corresponding return springs. This makes it possible to construct the return springs between the two operating means, namely the two operating levers 38, 39. It is also possible to place corresponding return springs between the swivel arms 33 and the carrier plate 31. In order to bring about a good leverage for the restoring force, it is advantageous to position the corresponding return springs as close as possible to the bore 32.",
169
+ "An abutment 41 is formed on the back of the carrier plate 31 remote from the receptacle for the closer 20. The abutment is constructed as a fixed disk located on the carrier plate 31 and which also has a bore 32. The abutment 41 comprises a cylindrical body in which are shaped joint cups 46. Ball ends 45 of levers 44 are mounted in said joint cups 46. According to the invention there are three regularly spaced levers. In addition, the abutment 41 and swivel 43 have grooves, in which can come to rest the levers 44 when the swivel 43 and abutment 41 are mutually engaged, as is the case in the starting position shown in FIGS. 1 and 3/4. The grooves run substantially tangentially to the bore centre axis.",
170
+ "The facing ends of the levers 44 also have ball ends 45 held in joint cups 46, which are constructed on the swivel 43. The swivel 43 is held indirectly on the carrier plate 31 by the levers 44. The number and arrangement of the levers are determined in such a way that the swivel 43 can be swivelled about the bore centre axis 37 relative to the carrier plate 31. However, with said swivelling movement is forcibly coupled an axial movement with respect to this axis. In order to permit such a guiding holding of the swivel with respect to the carrier plate 31 by means of levers 44 alone, it is advantageous if there are at least three levers. The number of levers can also be reduced, but then possibly further guidance means are needed. It must be borne in mind that the tension bolt 36 also traverses the swivel 43, because the swivel 43 also has a corresponding bore and to this extent said tension bolt can also fulfil certain guidance functions. However, it is still advantageous to provide three or an even larger number of levers 44. In this case the degrees of freedom of the swivel 43 relative to the carrier plate 31 are adequately determined by the levers 44 alone.",
171
+ "The first operating lever 38 is at least indirectly held in fixed manner on the carrier plate 31 of the changing device 30 and projects substantially radially outwardly from the carrier plate 31 and can be ergonomically shaped to obtain good gripping characteristics. The second operating lever 39 is firmly connected to the swivel 43 and in the starting position of FIGS. 1 and 2 projects under a certain angle in the radial direction from the swivel 43 with respect to the first operating lever 38. The angle between the two operating levers 38, 39 is upwardly limited in that the two levers 38, 39 must be graspable by one hand in order to allow a one-handed operation and a one-handed manipulation of the changing device 30. The second operating lever 39 can also be ergonomically shaped with regards to its gripping characteristics. It is in particular possible to adopt shapes such as are used for gripping pliers.",
172
+ "With regards to the useability of the changing device 30 with both the left and right hands, it can be advantageous for the shape of the two levers to be the same. The choice of hand is not only dependent on the user and his habits, but also on the accessibility within the machine area.",
173
+ "On carrying out an operation of the changing device 30, there is a relative movement between the first and second operating levers due to the operating forces manually introduced by the user. The relative movement between the two operating levers 38, 39 initiated by the operating forces leads to an identical relative movement of the swivel 43 with respect to the carrier plate 31 with the abutment 41. It is a rotary movement about the bore centre axis 37, which consequently also defines the rotation axis 40 between the swivel and the carrier plate 31. In this case the rotation axis 40 and bore centre axis 37 are not only oriented coaxially to one another, but in fact correspond with one another.",
174
+ "As a result of the rotary movement and the supporting of the levers 44 in bilaterally positioned joint cups, there is a tilting up of the levers 44 between abutment 41 and swivel 43. This increases the axial spacing between these two parts with respect to the rotation axis 40. As, at least in the axial direction, the tension bolt 36 is held in fixed manner on the swivel 43, there is also an axial displacement of the tension bolt in the bore 32. The tension bolt is drawn away from the closer 30, e.g. through the axial tension bolt head 42 engaging over the swivel 43. Through the coupling of the tension bolt 36 with the swivel arms 33, a swivelling movement of said arms is brought about. There is a transition from the starting position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 into the operating end position shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The operating end position of FIGS. 3 and 4 reveal the first operating lever 38 and the second operating lever 39 in a position where they are immediately adjacent to and engage with one another, provided that this is permitted by their shaping.",
175
+ "Such a construction with a pivot bearing and levers 44 tilting over the same can be gathered from FIGS. 3 and 4, where the levers 44 are aligned as coaxially as possible with the rotation axis 40 in the operating end position. Thus, if the forces opposing operation, namely the deformation forces for the rubber-like connecting bodies 23, are at a maximum, there is a maximum leverage between the swivel 43 and abutment 41 via levers 44. Thus, the necessary operating forces for operating the two operating levers 38, 39 remain within appropriate limits. The power ratio and power path are significantly co-determined by means of the length of the levers 44. Thus, in accordance with circumstances and the necessary forces, adaptation takes place to the conditions for each individual changing device.",
176
+ "FIGS. 5 and 6 show a second embodiment of the changing device 30 according to the invention. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 the rotation axis 40 of the second operating lever 39 is not coaxial to the bore centre axis 37, but instead perpendicular thereto, relative to the first operating lever 38.",
177
+ "In the embodiments according to FIGS. 5 and 6 the design of the carrier plate 31 and swivel arms 33, together with the use of the latter by means of joints 34 on carrier plate 31 essentially correspond to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 4, so that a further description will not be given. The coupling members 35 constructed as lugs also correspond to the coupling pieces of FIGS. 1 to 4. To illustrate the swivelling movement and for simplifying study, the closer 20 is not shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. However, the changing device 30 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 is suitable for use in connection with closers, which correspond to the closers 20 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG. 5 again shows the unoperated starting position and FIG. 6 the corresponding operating end position of the changing device 30. Both drawings are part sectional, diagrammatic representations of a corresponding changing device.",
178
+ "A cylindrically constructed, high section 51 projects from the back of the carrier plate 31 remote from the swivel arms 33. A sleeve 54 is located in the interior of the pipe section, which is positioned concentrically to the bore 32 in carrier plate 31. It is closed at its rear end remote from the carrier plate 31. The sleeve 54 is located in the interior of the pipe section 51. The wall thickness of the sleeve 54 and the internal diameter of the pipe section 51 are such that the internal diameter of sleeve 54 corresponds to the diameter of bore 32. In the vicinity of the carrier plate can be provided a widening 61 of the bore 32, so that the internal diameter in the vicinity of the widening 61 corresponds to the internal diameter of the pipe section 51. Thus, the sleeve 54 can project into the vicinity of the widening 61.",
179
+ "On one side of the pipe section 51 and in a substantially radially projecting manner is provided a first operating lever 38. The latter is in particular shaped in such a way that a particularly good engagement is provided in the hand in the area between thumb and hand surface. In the area between the carrier plate 31 and the first operating lever 38, the pipe section 51 has an opening 63, which is in particular in slot form. The second operating lever 39 passes through said opening 63 into the interior of the sleeve 54, which for this purpose has a slot 62 in this area. The second operating lever 39 is held by the toggle lever arrangement 50 and can be swivelled about a rotation axis perpendicular to the drawing plane with respect to the first operating lever. The second lever is in particular constructed in such a way that it can be grasped in an ergonomically favourable manner by the fingers of one hand, whose thumb engages behind the first operating lever 38.",
180
+ "The toggle lever arrangement 50 comprises three fulcrum or rotation points. There is firstly the rotation axis fixed by the safety bolt 58, which also forms the rotation centre of the longer of the two lever arms 52 on the safety bolt 58. At the other end of the longer lever arm 52 the bearing opening 57 produces a rotary connection between the longer lever arm 52 and the second operating lever 39. The shorter lever arm 53 is defined by the spacing b between the bearing opening 57 and the king pin 56 and is part of the second operating lever 39. The king pin 56 traverses the diametrically facing elongated holes 55 of the tension bolt 36. The king pin 56 defines a rotation point fixed with respect to the pipe section 51, because it is constructed in such a way that it traverses both the sleeve 54 and pipe section 51 in corresponding bores and therefore fixes the position relative to the pipe section 51. The king pin projecting through the elongated holes 55 limits the maximum path of the tension bolt 36 in the pipe section 51 and consequently defines the starting position and operating end position. The second operating lever projects into the recess 65 which is constructed for this purpose in the tension bolt 36 and with respect to which the elongated holes 55 are laterally positioned.",
181
+ "In order to obtain a clearly defined operating starting position for the second operating lever 39, between the latter and the carrier plate 31 or a component fixed with respect thereto the return spring 60 is provided. The latter draws the second operating lever 39 into a position in which it is far removed from the first operating lever 38, but should still be grippable with one hand. As a result of the coupling between the second operating lever 39 and the tension bolt 36 by means of the king pin 56 guided in the elongated hole 55, there is a clearly defined position of the swivel arms 33. The swivel arms 33 are so held in the diameter-reduced area of the tension bolt that to the same can be transferred both tension and tensile forces. The tension bolt 36 has in the vicinity of the swivel arms 33 a section whose external diameter is smaller than the external diameter in the vicinity of the bore 32 in carrier plate 31 in which tension bolt 36 is held in guided manner. Following the area over and beyond which the swivel arms 33 can be bilaterally embraced by the king pin, a cover 64 is provided, which again increases to the original amount the external diameter of the tension bolt. The swivel arms 33 are so held between the parts of the tension bolt 36 that it is able to transfer to the latter both push and pull forces. The cover 64 can in particular be the head of a screw or a head part detachably fixed on the tension bolt by means of a screw.",
182
+ "If there is a transfer of the second operating lever 39 in the direction of the operating end position shown in FIG. 6, the second operating lever is swivelled about its rotation centre defined by the king pin 56. As a result of the spacing b formed by the shorter lever arm 53 of the toggle lever arrangement 50 and the guidance of the tension bolt 36 in pipe section 51 or in sleeve 54, the safety bolt 58, by means of which the free end of the longer lever arm 52 is fixed to the tension bolt 36, is rearwardly pressed away from the closer 20. The toggle lever arrangement extends into a position in which the three swivel axes of said arrangement are approximately in one plane. This is in particular the median plane of the elongated hole 55. In this operating end position as shown in FIG. 6, the second operating lever almost completely engages on the first operating lever. Thus, during operation the tension bolt 36 is shoved rearwards. The most favourable lever transmission which most increases the leverage between the first and second operating levers is obtained when the operating end position is at least approximately reached. It is here that the greatest restoring forces from the closer act on the changing device and the swivel arms 33. To ensure the return of the second operating lever into the starting position shown in FIG. 5, the return spring 62, which can be constructed as a tension spring, is connected between the second operating lever 39 and carrier plate 31 or a component fixed with respect thereto. During the return movement the tension bolt 36 again slides forward in the pipe section 56. Due to the fact that the swivel arms 33 are in engagement with the tension bolt 36 in both the push and pull directions, the swivel arms 33 are returned to their starting position in which they can be coupled to and uncoupled from the closer 20. In the operating end position shown in FIG. 6, the swivel arms 33 are so swivelled about the joint 34 with a radial component that the tips of the coupling members 35, constructed as stay bolts, move towards one another. Thus, they perform a corresponding movement moving the gripping jaws of a closer towards one another, such as is also produced with the changing device according to FIGS. 1 to 4."
183
+ ],
184
+ "citations": [
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+ "2277816",
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+ "5255579",
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+ "6715193",
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+ "17 03 579",
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+ "28 31 140",
190
+ "195 07 347",
191
+ "25 65 151",
192
+ "3 67 221"
193
+ ],
194
+ "us_classification": "29268",
195
+ "international_classifications": [
196
+ {
197
+ "classification_level": "A",
198
+ "section": "B",
199
+ "classification_class": "25",
200
+ "subclass": "B",
201
+ "main_group": "1",
202
+ "subgroup": "24"
203
+ }
204
+ ]
205
+ }
json_patents/06983523.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Process of detaching and/or attaching an automotive control arm",
3
+ "abstract": "A leveraging tool for disconnecting a control arm from the remainder of an automotive front wheel drive suspension system. The leveraging tool includes angularly disposed first and second portions, a pivot point located therebetween, and, optionally an anchoring member attachable to the automobile. A chain, cable, or hook member attaches the second portion to the control arm. The control arm is detached when an input force is applied to the first portion.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Seyfert"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983523",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [],
10
+ "claims": [
11
+ {
12
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
13
+ "preamble": "1. A process of detaching an automotive control arm, comprising:",
14
+ "components": [
15
+ {
16
+ "component": "providing a leveraging tool, the leveraging tool comprising a leveraging member, the leveraging member comprising first and second portions separated by a bend, the first portion configured to be grasped, a fulcrum point disposed on the leveraging member proximate the bend, and a securing element attached proximate the second portion and configured to apply an output force to an automotive part held by the securing element as an input force is applied to the leveraging member first portion when the fulcrum point is positioned against a pivoting structure;",
17
+ "subcomponents": []
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "securing the securing element about the control arm;",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "component": "positioning the fulcrum point against an automotive structure; and",
25
+ "subcomponents": []
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "component": "applying the input force to the leveraging tool such that the output force detaches the control arm, thereby positioning the control arm in a biased position.",
29
+ "subcomponents": []
30
+ }
31
+ ]
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
35
+ "preamble": "2. The process of claim 1 , further including maintaining the control arm in the biased position by attaching an anchoring member to the automotive structure.",
36
+ "components": []
37
+ },
38
+ {
39
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
40
+ "preamble": "3. The process of claim 2 , in which attaching the anchoring member to the automotive structure includes pivoting the anchoring member with respect to the leveraging member.",
41
+ "components": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
45
+ "preamble": "4. The process of claim 2 , in which attaching the anchoring member includes hooking a hooking element to the automotive structure.",
46
+ "components": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
50
+ "preamble": "5. The process of claim 1 , in which the securing element includes a chain and in which securing the securing element about the control arm includes sing the chain about the control arm and the leveraging member second portion.",
51
+ "components": []
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
55
+ "preamble": "6. The process of claim 1 , in which positioning the fulcrum point against an automotive structure includes positioning the fulcrum against an automotive frame.",
56
+ "components": []
57
+ },
58
+ {
59
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
60
+ "preamble": "7. The process of claim 1 , the leveraging tool further including a pad disposed proximate the fulcrum point and in which positioning the fulcrum point against an automotive structure includes contacting the pad and the automotive structure.",
61
+ "components": []
62
+ },
63
+ {
64
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
65
+ "preamble": "8. The process of claim 1 , in which the securing element includes a C-hook and in which securing the securing element about the control arm includes disposing a portion of the control arm within the C-hook.",
66
+ "components": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
70
+ "preamble": "9. The process of claim 8 , in which the securing element further includes a brace with holes, in which the C-hook includes first and second arms disposable in the brace holes, and in which positioning the biasing element about the control arm includes disposing the C-hook first and second arms in the brace holes.",
71
+ "components": []
72
+ }
73
+ ],
74
+ "description": [
75
+ "This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/464,407, filed 18 Jun. 2003, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/850,312, filed 7 May 2001, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,606,775, which is a Divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/568,191, filed 9 May 2000, now abandoned, each of the foregoing hereby incorporated by reference.",
76
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
77
+ "This invention relates to automotive repair tools and, in particular, this invention relates to a tool separating components of automotive suspension systems.",
78
+ "2. Background of the Invention",
79
+ "When technicians are repairing automobiles, they frequently encounter difficulty when disconnecting suspension parts. While many of these suspension parts are connected using nuts, bolts, bearings and the like, they are exposed to dust, moisture, and other corrosive compounds during use. Consequently, disconnecting these suspension components can be difficult, hazardous, and often causes collateral damage to other automotive components as well. For example, when the lower control arm is being detached from a steering knuckle, a pry bar is frequently inserted between the control arm and the frame or transaxle floor pan. When force is then exerted on the pry bar, the transaxle floor pan may be dented or otherwise damaged. Moreover, other components may be similarly damaged if used as fulcrum points as well. Furthermore, the technicians frequently must apply the pry bar at mechanically disadvantageous angles and lengths due to the outlay of the suspension and surrounding components.",
80
+ "There is then a need for an implement to enable a technician to safely and efficiently detach automotive lower control arms.",
81
+ "This invention substantially meets the aforementioned need by providing a leveraging tool, the leveraging tool including a leveraging member, a fulcrum point, and a securing element. The leveraging member may be configured to be grasped by a user. The fulcrum point is disposed on or proximate the leveraging member. The securing element is attachable to the leveraging member and is configured to apply an output force to an automotive part such as a lower control arm. The output force is applied in response to an input force exerted on the leveraging member when the fulcrum is positioned against a pivoting structure on the automobile. In one embodiment the output force is maintained by an anchoring member, the anchoring member reversibly attached to a portion of the automobile frame.",
82
+ "One feature of the present leveraging tool is that automotive suspension parts can be detached more easily and with greater relative safety.",
83
+ "Another feature of the present leveraging tool is that automotive suspension parts can be detached without damaging other adjacent structures.",
84
+ "Yet another feature of the present leveraging tool is that an automotive part can be safely maintained in a biased position by reversibly attaching an anchoring member to a portion of the automobile.",
85
+ "These and other objects, features, and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the description which follows, when considered in view of the accompanying drawings.",
86
+ "FIG. 1 is a fragmentary front view of a typical front wheel drive automobile suspension;",
87
+ "FIG. 2 is a fragmentary bottom view of the front wheel drive automotive suspension of FIG. 1;",
88
+ "FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the present leveraging tool;",
89
+ "FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the present leveraging tool;",
90
+ "FIG. 5 is an end view of the leveraging tool of FIG. 4;",
91
+ "FIG. 6 is another perspective view of the leveraging tool of FIG. 4;",
92
+ "FIG. 7 is a front view of a third embodiment of the present leveraging tool;",
93
+ "FIG. 8 is a front view of the leveraging tool of FIG. 3 being used to detach the lower control arm depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2;",
94
+ "FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the present leveraging tool; and",
95
+ "FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 9 being used to install an automotive lower control arm.",
96
+ "Referring FIGS. 1 and 2, a typical front suspension and drive train is depicted for a front wheel drive vehicle generally at 50. Rotary power is transmitted from a transaxle 52 to a wheel bearing and hub assembly 54 via a CV-axle 56. The wheel bearing and hub assembly 54 is rotatably mounted in a steering knuckle 58. A strut 60 is attached to the steering knuckle 58. A coil spring 62 is disposed about a portion of the strut 60 to support and stabilize a portion of the vehicle. A lower control arm 64 is pivotally attached to a frame member 66 at a pair of control arm first ends 68. A control arm second end 70 is attached to the steering knuckle 58 by ball joint 72 and held in place with a fastener 74. A sway bar 76 is attached to the lower control arm 64 proximate its second end 70 by a bushing 78.",
97
+ "Referring to FIG. 3, a first embodiment of the present detaching/leveraging tool is depicted generally at 100. This embodiment of the present invention is formed from steel tubing and includes respective first and second portions 102 and 104, which are generally separated by a bend 106. A brace 108 may extend between the first and second portions 102 and 104 to provide rigidity. A pivot pad 110 may be present on an upper side of the second portion 104 proximate the bend 106. Another bend is formed in a member 112. One end of the member 112 is welded to the leveraging tool proximate a first end 114. A second end of the member 112 is welded to the brace 108. A recurring element, such as chain (or cable) 116, is disposed between the member 112 and the underside of the leveraging tool 100. The chain 116 may include a hook or another device or combination (e.g., nut and bolt) to fasten the chain around both the leveraging tool second portion 104 and an automotive component such as a control arm. In this embodiment, the leveraging tool 100 is made from 1.25\u2033 diameter steel tubing with a thickness of 0.125\u2033. The pivot pad 110 is made from 0.125\u2033 thick steel plate and is about 4\u2033\u00d74\u2033 in dimension. In some embodiments, a high tack or rubberized substance may overlay the pivot pad 110 to reduce slippage during use. The pivot pad 110 is disposed over a position on the leveraging tool 100 which is a pivot or fulcrum point during use. In this embodiment of the present leveraging tool, the first portion 102 is about 4\u2032 in length and the second portion 104 is about 2\u2032 in length. Also in this embodiment of the present leveraging tool, the second portion 104 is angled about 80 degrees from the first portion 102. However, the second portion 104 may be angled about 68 degrees, between about 75 degrees and 85 degrees, between about 70 degrees and 90 degrees, between about 90 degrees and 95 degrees, or between about 85 degrees and 100 degrees from the first portion 102 in other embodiments. In some embodiments, the first portion 102 may include telescoping sections 118 and 120 and tightener coupling 122. Telescoping section 118 telescopes inside section 120 in this example, although obviously section 120 could telescope inside section 118 as well. The coupling 122 threads onto section 120, fixes the sections at a desired length when tightened, and allows the sections to be adjusted to a desired length when loosened. Rather than coupling 120, other length adjusting mechanisms known to the art may be used, e.g., a pin or bolt fitting into a series of aligned holes in the sections 118 and 120. One of the sections 118 and 120 may be solid if a strengthened embodiment is desired.",
98
+ "This and other embodiments of this invention may be made from solid or hollow (e.g., tubular) metal alloys known to the art such as steel, cast iron, and aluminum.",
99
+ "FIGS. 4\u20136 depict a second embodiment of the present leveraging tool generally at 130. The leveraging tool 130 includes a first portion 132 and a second portion 134 defined by a bend 136. The second portion 134 may angle from the first portion 132 as explained above with respect to leveraging tool 100. The first and second portions 132 and 134 may be formed from solid steel in this embodiment. The solid steel from which the leveraging tool 130 is formed may be 1\u2033 or 1\u00bc\u2033 in diameter. Also in this embodiment, a securing element, such as square cornered C-hook 138 member, is attached to the second portion 104 proximate the second portion end 139. The C-hook 138 includes arms 140 and 142. The arm 142 extends generally diametrically through holes formed in the second portion 134. A plate 144, with holes 146 and 148, may be provided to provide rigidity to the C-hook 138. In this embodiment, the arm 140 may be disposed in the hole 146 and the arm 142 may be disposed in the hole 148 during use. The C-hook may be made from \u00bd\u2033 diameter steel. The arms 140 and 142 may be about 6\u2033 in length and may be spaced apart by about 6\u2033. The first and second portions 132 and 134 may generally be about the same lengths as the first and second portions 102 and 104 of the leveraging tool 100. A pad 150 is welded, or otherwise fixed, to an upper surface of the second portion 134 at a pivot or fulcrum point thereof.",
100
+ "FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of the present leveraging tool 160. The leveraging tool 160 includes respective first and second ends 162 and 164. A pad 166 is fixed proximate the first end. A hook 168 extends from the leveraging tool 160 at a distance of between about 2\u2032 and 3\u2032 from the second end 164 in one embodiment. The hook 168 may be fixed or may be configured to slid along the leveraging tool to a desired position. Of course, a chain or cable, as described above, may be used in place of the hook 168.",
101
+ "FIG. 8 depicts how the embodiments described in FIGS. 3\u20136 may be used in automotive repair, e.g., separating the control arm 64 and ball joint 72 from the steering knuckle 58. The chain 116 is fastened about a desired place on the control arm and positioned such that the pivot pad 110 can contact the frame member 66, or another suitable pivot site such as a portion of the control arm itself. The first portion 102 is grasped by the user, the pivot pad 110 (or fulcrum point) is positioned against the frame member 66. The user then grasps the first portion 102 and exerts an input force generally in the direction of arrow 190. The input force is leveraged by the present tool to produce an output force generally in the direction of arrow 192. The sway bar 76 is still attached to the control arm 64 in this example. Therefore, the control arm must be biased away from the steering knuckle by the sway bar as depicted. Obviously, differing amounts of input force must be exerted depending upon the particular model of control bar, as well as other factors such as the extent of corrosion and rust present proximate the ball joint. Nonetheless, the control arm and ball joint are separated from the steering knuckle to enable subsequent repairs.",
102
+ "FIG. 7 depicts the embodiment shown therein detaching the control arm and ball joint from the knuckle. When using this embodiment, the pad 166 is positioned against the frame member 66 or other desired structure and the hook 168 is hooked around a desired position on the control bar. In some embodiments, the distance between the hook and second end 164 may be adjusted. The input force is exerted generally in the direction of arrow 190 to result in an output force generally in the direction of arrow 192. The input force is exerted until the control arm and ball joint are freed from the steering knuckle. The embodiment depicted in FIG. 7 may be especially useful when the automobile being repaired is not be positioned on a hoist.",
103
+ "Referring generally to FIGS. 9 and 10, yet another embodiment of the present invention is indicated at 200. In addition to features described above, the leveraging tool includes an anchoring member 204 attached in opposition to the direction of the second portion 134. Attachment may be so as to enable a pivot 205 at the point of attachment to the first portion 132. The anchoring member may include respective first and second members 208 and 210, an adjustment member 212, and an anchoring element 214. In the embodiment depicted, the first and second members 208 and 210 thread oppositely into the adjustment member 212, so as to increase or decrease the length of the anchoring member 204. The anchoring element 214 is an end of the first member 208 configured as a hook in the embodiment depicted. However, the instant invention contemplates other structures, e.g., straps, nut-bolt combinations, and the like, as being present in other embodiments. In use, the leveraging tool is used for repair activities, such as separating the steering knuckle from the control arm as explained and depicted above. Once the control arm is biased away from the steering knuckle and in a desired position, the position of the control arm is maintained by hooking a portion of the auto frame with the anchoring element 214, then increasing or decreasing the length of the anchoring member 204. The anchoring element 204 is increased or decreased by rotating the adjustment member 212 clockwise or counterclockwise. The desired repairs and replacements can then be effected and the control arm can be returned to an unbiased position. This is accomplished by a exerting a force on the first portion 132 so as to unhook the anchoring element 214 from the automotive frame, then allowing the control arm to return to the unbiased position. The leveraging tool 200 allows a single person to effect repairs by maintaining the control arm in a biased position without the requirement of continuously exerting the necessary force.",
104
+ "Because numerous modifications of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit thereof, the scope of the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments illustrated and described. Rather the scope of the invention is to be determined by the appended claims and their equivalents."
105
+ ],
106
+ "citations": [
107
+ "2698161",
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+ "3612485",
109
+ "4250769",
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+ "5360199",
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+ "5382131",
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+ "5604946",
113
+ "5713559",
114
+ "5769395",
115
+ "5938177",
116
+ "6375162"
117
+ ],
118
+ "us_classification": "294265",
119
+ "international_classifications": [
120
+ {
121
+ "classification_level": "A",
122
+ "section": "B",
123
+ "classification_class": "66",
124
+ "subclass": "F",
125
+ "main_group": "3",
126
+ "subgroup": "00"
127
+ }
128
+ ]
129
+ }
json_patents/06983524.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Method of attaching canvas to a frame",
3
+ "abstract": "A canvas framing system and method for attaching canvas to an extruded aluminum frame to achieve a taut mount painting surface, including forming the frame of aluminum material, rounding selected corners and edges of the frame, temporarily securing a first portion of the canvas to the frame and attaching the canvas to the frame, preferably with staples using a modified staple gun, stretching the canvas on the frame and temporarily securing an opposing portion of the canvas to an opposing side of the frame, which is then stapled thereto, and stretching and attaching remaining portions of the canvas to the frame with the staple gun. Cross bracing can be installed on the frame to prevent bending when the canvas is stretched taut thereon.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Eastwood"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983524",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [],
10
+ "claims": [
11
+ {
12
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
13
+ "preamble": "1. A method of attaching canvas to a frame to be suitable for painting and mounting, comprising:",
14
+ "components": [
15
+ {
16
+ "component": "providing a sheet of canvas;",
17
+ "subcomponents": []
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "forming a frame having at least four sides and a corner where adjacent sides join together to form a desired polygonal shape, the frame formed of metal material;",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "component": "rounding selected edges of the frame to present a smooth, round edge to prevent tearing of the canvas;",
25
+ "subcomponents": []
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "component": "cutting the canvas to the desired polygonal shape and to a size larger than the size of the frame to facilitate stretching of the canvas;",
29
+ "subcomponents": []
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "component": "stretching a first portion of the canvas over the frame and temporarily securing the first portion of the canvas to the frame;",
33
+ "subcomponents": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "component": "attaching the stretched portion of the canvas to the frame with fasteners positioned in a fastener track on the frame;",
37
+ "subcomponents": []
38
+ },
39
+ {
40
+ "component": "stretching a second portion of the canvas opposing the first portion of the canvas over the frame and temporarily securing the second portion of the canvas to the frame;",
41
+ "subcomponents": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "component": "attaching the second portion of the canvas to the frame with fasteners positioned in the fastener track on the frame; and",
45
+ "subcomponents": []
46
+ },
47
+ {
48
+ "component": "stretching and attaching remaining portions of the canvas to the frame with fasteners positioned in the fastener track on the frame.",
49
+ "subcomponents": []
50
+ }
51
+ ]
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
55
+ "preamble": "2. The method of claim 1 wherein stretching and attaching remaining portions of the canvas comprises attaching the canvas at each corner of the frame by stretching the canvas across the corner, forming a folded-under flap from the canvas stretched across the corner and attaching the folded-under flap with fasteners to the fastener track of the frame, cutting the canvas at the corner to remove excess canvas, and stretching and attaching the remaining canvas adjacent the corner of the frame with fasteners positioned in the fastener track.",
56
+ "components": []
57
+ },
58
+ {
59
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
60
+ "preamble": "3. The method of claim 1 wherein stretching and attaching remaining portions of the canvas comprises alternatingly stretching and temporarily attaching the canvas to the frame until the canvas is at a desired tautness on the frame.",
61
+ "components": []
62
+ },
63
+ {
64
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
65
+ "preamble": "4. The method of claim 1 wherein attaching the canvas to the frame comprises stapling the canvas to a staple track in the frame using a staple gun.",
66
+ "components": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
70
+ "preamble": "5. The method of claim 4 , comprising an initial step of modifying the staple gun to prevent the entire staple from punching through the canvas.",
71
+ "components": []
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
75
+ "preamble": "6. The method of claim 5 wherein modifying the staple gun comprises reducing the length of a ram in the staple gun.",
76
+ "components": []
77
+ },
78
+ {
79
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
80
+ "preamble": "7. The method of claim 4 , comprising using a pneumatic staple gun at 60 psi.",
81
+ "components": []
82
+ },
83
+ {
84
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
85
+ "preamble": "8. The method of claim 1 , comprising reinforcing the frame with cross braces to prevent bending of the frame when the canvas is stretched across the frame.",
86
+ "components": []
87
+ },
88
+ {
89
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
90
+ "preamble": "9. The method of claim 1 wherein cross braces are positioned on the frame to prevent contact with the canvas when the canvas is being painted.",
91
+ "components": []
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
95
+ "preamble": "10. A method of attaching canvas to a frame, comprising:",
96
+ "components": [
97
+ {
98
+ "component": "forming a lightweight metal frame having a staple track formed within the frame;",
99
+ "subcomponents": []
100
+ },
101
+ {
102
+ "component": "stretching and clamping canvas to the frame;",
103
+ "subcomponents": []
104
+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "component": "modifying a staple gun to prevent an entire staple from punching through the canvas; and",
107
+ "subcomponents": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "component": "stapling the canvas to the staple track on the frame with the modified staple gun.",
111
+ "subcomponents": []
112
+ }
113
+ ]
114
+ },
115
+ {
116
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
117
+ "preamble": "11. The method of claim 10 wherein forming the frame comprises forming the frame of aluminum material.",
118
+ "components": []
119
+ },
120
+ {
121
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
122
+ "preamble": "12. The method of claim 10 wherein forming the frame comprises forming a reinforcement on the frame to prevent bending of the frame when the canvas is stretched on the frame.",
123
+ "components": []
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
127
+ "preamble": "13. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of modifying the staple gun comprises shortening a ram in the staple gun.",
128
+ "components": []
129
+ },
130
+ {
131
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
132
+ "preamble": "14. A method of attaching canvas to a frame, comprising:",
133
+ "components": [
134
+ {
135
+ "component": "modifying a staple gun to shorten a ram component in the staple gun;",
136
+ "subcomponents": []
137
+ },
138
+ {
139
+ "component": "forming an aluminum frame to include a plurality of sides welded together at corners;",
140
+ "subcomponents": []
141
+ },
142
+ {
143
+ "component": "filing the corners and selected edges of the frame to present a smooth, rounded corner and edge;",
144
+ "subcomponents": []
145
+ },
146
+ {
147
+ "component": "cutting canvas material to be sized and shaped for stretching over and attachment to the frame;",
148
+ "subcomponents": []
149
+ },
150
+ {
151
+ "component": "temporarily attaching the canvas to one side of the frame and stapling the canvas to a staple track in the side of the frame;",
152
+ "subcomponents": []
153
+ },
154
+ {
155
+ "component": "stretching and temporarily attaching an opposing portion of the canvas to an opposing side of the frame and stapling the canvas to the staple track in the frame on the opposing side; and",
156
+ "subcomponents": []
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "component": "stretching and attaching the remaining portions of the canvas to the frame by stapling the canvas to the staple track in the frame with the staple gun.",
160
+ "subcomponents": []
161
+ }
162
+ ]
163
+ },
164
+ {
165
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
166
+ "preamble": "15. The method of claim 14 wherein stretching and attaching the remaining portions of the canvas to the frame comprise attaching the canvas across the corners of the frame by stretching a portion of the canvas across the corner, folding under a stretched portion of the canvas and stapling it to the staple track in the frame, cutting the canvas at the corner to remove excess material and form a straight edge to facilitate stretching an attachment of the remaining portion of the canvas to the frame.",
167
+ "components": []
168
+ },
169
+ {
170
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
171
+ "preamble": "16. The method of claim 14 wherein the canvas is temporarily attached to the frame with spring clamps.",
172
+ "components": []
173
+ },
174
+ {
175
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
176
+ "preamble": "17. The method of claim 14 wherein the canvas material is temporarily attached to the frame with clamps that force the canvas into the staple track in the frame.",
177
+ "components": []
178
+ },
179
+ {
180
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
181
+ "preamble": "18. The method of claim 14 wherein stretching and attaching the remaining portions of the canvas comprises alternatingly stretching and temporarily securing the remaining portions of the canvas to the frame until the canvas is at a desired tautness on the frame.",
182
+ "components": []
183
+ }
184
+ ],
185
+ "description": [
186
+ "This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/363,737 filed Mar. 12, 2002, where this provisional application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.",
187
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
188
+ "The present invention is directed to a system and method for framing canvas, and more particularly, to an extruded aluminum frame with canvas mounting system that achieves a taut painting surface with a rigid, lightweight construction.",
189
+ "2. Description of the Related Art",
190
+ "It is desirable when painting on canvas to have the canvas stretched as tight and taut as possible. Typical frames, such as those made of wood, while suitable for their purpose, have difficulty retaining their shape and holding the canvas in a taut condition as the size of the frame increases. In order for such wood frames to properly function, they must be constructed of sufficiently thick and large pieces of wood that the weight becomes difficult to handle with ease.",
191
+ "Although lightweight composite and metal frames exist, these frames can be cumbersome to construct, require complicated steps to mount the canvas, and frequently do not retain their shape in larger sizes. Moreover, such frames can cause premature wear at points of contact with the canvas, leading to tearing of the canvas, loss of tension, and sagging of the canvas on the frame.",
192
+ "The disclosed and claimed embodiments of the invention are directed to a system and method for framing canvas, and in particular to mounting canvas on an extruded aluminum frame that achieves a taut painting surface in combination with a rigid, lightweight frame suitable for wall mounting.",
193
+ "In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a method of attaching canvas to a frame is provided that includes modifying a staple gun to shorten a ram component in the staple gun; forming an aluminum frame to include a plurality of sides welded together at corners; filing the corners and selected edges of the frame to present a smooth, rounded corner and edge; cutting canvas material to be sized and shaped for stretching over and attachment to the frame; temporarily attaching the canvas to one side of the frame and stapling the canvas to a staple track in the side of the frame; stretching and temporarily attaching an opposing portion of the canvas to an opposing side of the frame and stapling the canvas to the staple track in the frame on the opposing side; and stretching and attaching the remaining portions of the canvas to the frame by stapling the canvas to the staple track in the frame with the staple gun. Ideally, the canvas is stretched across the filed edges and corners of the frame.",
194
+ "In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a method for attaching canvas to a frame to be suitable for painting and mounting on a wall is provided that includes forming a frame having at least four sides and a corner where adjacent sides join together to form a desired polygonal shape, the frame formed of metal material; rounding selected edges of the frame to present a smooth, round edge to prevent tearing of the canvas; cutting the canvas to the desired polygonal shape and to a size larger than the size of the frame to facilitate stretching of the canvas; stretching a first portion of the canvas over the frame and temporarily securing the first portion of the canvas to the frame; attaching the stretched portion of the canvas to the frame with fasteners positioned in a fastener track on the frame; stretching a second portion of the canvas opposing the first portion of the canvas over the frame and temporarily securing the second portion of the canvas to the frame; attaching the second portion of the canvas to the frame with fasteners positioned in the fastener track on the frame; and stretching and attaching remaining portions of the canvas to the frame with fasteners positioned in the fastener track on the frame.",
195
+ "In accordance with another aspect of the foregoing embodiments of the invention, a staple gun is used to attach the canvas to the frame, the staple gun ideally being modified to prevent the staple from cutting and punching through the canvas. Preferably, the staple gun is modified by reducing the length of the ram, such as filing the end of the ram.",
196
+ "In accordance with yet another aspect of the foregoing embodiments, the frame is preferably formed of aluminum material that is welded together. Ideally, after welding, the corners formed by welding are rounded, such as with a file, and one or more selected edges of the frame can also be rounded to present a smooth rounded surface against which the canvas is stretched to prevent tearing and premature failure of the canvas.",
197
+ "In accordance with yet a further aspect of the present invention, the frame is reinforced by cross bracing, ideally formed from interconnecting rods, to prevent the frame from bending when the canvas is stretched taut thereon. Preferably, the cross bracing is attached to the frame to not contact the canvas when the canvas is painted.",
198
+ "As will be appreciated from the foregoing, the use of aluminum provides a high strength-to-weight ratio, and the welding of the joints provides a much stronger structure than wood. This avoids the use of bracing in much larger sizes than traditionally have been accomplished with wood. Having the staple track or channel enables hiding of the staples from view and prevents a more finished appearance. In addition, using the clamps enables stretching the canvas with greater tension than manually.",
199
+ "The disclosed embodiments of the invention will be more readily appreciated as the same become better understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:",
200
+ "FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a frame member formed in accordance with the present invention;",
201
+ "FIG. 2 is an illustration of the disassembled components of an embodiment of the framing system formed in accordance with the present invention;",
202
+ "FIG. 3 is an isometric view in partial cross-section of a corner construction of a frame in accordance with the present invention;",
203
+ "FIG. 4 is an illustration of a partially constructed frame of the present invention;",
204
+ "FIG. 5 is an illustration of one step of the method of the present invention for forming round corners;",
205
+ "FIG. 6 is a subsequent step of FIG. 5 showing the rounding of a corner on the frame in accordance with the present invention;",
206
+ "FIG. 7 illustrates the completed frame placed on a sheet of canvas material;",
207
+ "FIG. 8 shows the frame of FIG. 7 clamped to the sheet of canvas along one side;",
208
+ "FIG. 9 illustrates a staplegun modified in accordance with the present invention;",
209
+ "FIG. 10 illustrates the staplegun of FIG. 9 positioned to attach the canvas to the frame of FIG. 7;",
210
+ "FIG. 11 shows the attachment of staples to the canvas and the frame;",
211
+ "FIG. 12 illustrates trimming and cutting of the canvas after attachment to the frame;",
212
+ "FIG. 13 shows the partially assembled canvas on the frame;",
213
+ "FIGS. 14-19 show the finishing steps of attaching the canvas to the frame in accordance with the method of the present invention; and",
214
+ "FIG. 20 shows another embodiment of the invention.",
215
+ "The canvas framing system 21 of the present invention is illustrated in its completed form in FIG. 19. The method for forming the canvas framing system will now be described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-18.",
216
+ "Referring initially to FIG. 1, shown therein is a cross-sectional view of an extruded aluminum frame member 20 having a top face 23, front face 25, bottom face 27, and back face 29. Projecting upward from the intersection of the top face 23 and back face 29 is a flange 22. The frame member 20 is a commercially available component that can be purchased from American Sun Control, Alpharetta, Ga., and is identified as a Fabri-Frame 6063 aluminum extrusion. This particular frame is also shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,555,695, which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference. The frame member 20 has a staple track opening 24 formed in the bottom face 27. Extending across an interior of the frame member 20 is a staple wall 30 that adjoins the front face 25 and the rear face 29. In a preferred embodiment, the frame member 20 has a width of 1-inch and a height of 2-inches.",
217
+ "Referring next to FIG. 2, shown therein are the lengths and cuts of four aluminum pieces used to construct a frame, although it is to be understood that a frame could have different number of pieces, depending on its shape and application. In order to construct the pieces, a single extrusion of aluminum 32 is placed on a miter saw base with the bottom face 27 facing down and the rear face 29 placed against a saw guide or backing plate. The aluminum piece 32 is then cut at a mitered angle 34, using a clockwise rotation of the saw's rotating base as viewed from the top. The length being cut is to the left of the blade. After putting this piece 32 on the other side of the blade and positioning it at the required length, shown with reference number 36, the other end is cut at an opposite mitered angle 38 from the first cut, using a counterclockwise rotation of the saw's rotating base. A second piece is also cut using this same technique.",
218
+ "Two additional pieces 40 of the required dimension are also cut having a length 44 and mitered cuts 42 and 46.",
219
+ "Cleaning of the pieces is ideally accomplished by holding the pieces 32 and 40 vertically and shaking aluminum shavings out of the end thereof. The pieces 32 and 40 are then cleaned, preferably with solvent. In one embodiment, rags soaked with acetone are used to wipe the entire surface of the pieces 32 and 40 to remove dirt and residue.",
220
+ "The pieces are then welded together, as shown in FIG. 3. A piece 32 and a piece 40 are welded at the miter joints 34 and 46 and at 38 and 42, as shown in FIG. 4. To accomplish the welding step, the two adjacent pieces 32 and 40 are clamped together flange-up on a flat table. Preferably, a TIG welder is used to weld the inside joint 48. The process is repeated for the other joints.",
221
+ "The welded sections are then fitted together to make a desired shape. The remaining joints are welded in the same manner. FIG. 4 shows the front view of a welded frame 50.",
222
+ "To smooth the corners and prevent the canvas from tearing on the burred edges, the frame 50 is now filed at the corners 52. The filing process begins as shown in FIG. 5 on the frame 50. While supported on supports, such as two sawhorses, the frame 50 is placed face-down. At a first corner 52 a bi-metal file 54 is used to smooth the corner edge 56. The 2-inch edge 56 is rounded off to a \u215b-inch radius. The back corner 58 is also rounded to the same radius. All other back corners and corner edges are rounded in the same manner.",
223
+ "The frame 50 is then turned over to the face-up position, as shown in FIG. 6, for filing of the front side. The front corner 60 is filed and rounded in the manner described above, as are the other three front corners. With all corners and edges filed as described above, the frame 50 is now ready to have the canvas mounted thereon.",
224
+ "In most embodiments, the canvas material that is used is a #10 cotton duck canvas. Referring next to FIG. 7, the canvas is rolled off the canvas roll and cut along line 62 a foot longer than the length of the frame 50, which means approximately 6-inches longer on each end of the frame 50, to provide sufficient extra material to grasp for stretching. The cut at 64 is also made approximately 1 foot longer. The canvas 66, after it is cut, is laid flat on a work surface, as shown in FIG. 7. The frame 50 is placed on top of the canvas 66, either in a face-up or face-down position. One side 32 of the frame 50 is placed approximately 2-inches from the cut edge 64 of the canvas 62. The frame 50 should be centered along its length on the canvas 66. A line 70 is drawn on the canvas 66 along the outside edge 26 of the side 32 of the frame 50. The canvas piece 66 is now ready for stretching.",
225
+ "The canvas 66 is stretched onto the aluminum frame 50, as seen in FIG. 8. The frame 50 is set against a wall or other supporting surface face-in and having the long dimension in a horizontal orientation. The canvas 66 is placed over the top of the frame 50 and behind it, as shown in FIG. 8. The drawn line 70 on the canvas should be showing at the top back edge 26 of the frame 50. The side 64 of the canvas 66 will be along the top edge of the frame 50. Using two spring clamps 74 (Pong model no. 3202), one at each end, the canvas 66 is secured to the top face 29 of the frame 50 and centered lengthwise.",
226
+ "The canvas 66 is then stapled onto the frame 50 using an air-powered staplegun 76. In a preferred embodiment, a Senco model no. SLS20 with Senco L06BAB staples 78 is used. As shown in FIG. 9, the staplegun 76 must be modified so that the movable ram 80 (the component that shoots the staple out of the staple gun 76 when the trigger is pulled) is filed back approximately 1/16-inch. This prevents the entire staple from punching through the canvas 66 and cutting the canvas 66. The pressure in the air compressor used with the staplegun 76 should be at approximately 60 psi.",
227
+ "Referring next to FIG. 10, the staplegun 76 is held at one end of the staple track 24. The spring clamp 74 is removed from that end of the frame and (with the canvas 66 and the staplegun 76 positioned in the staple track 24) adjust the position of the canvas 66 so that the drawn line 70 is positioned at the bottom center of the staple wall 30. When the canvas 66 is correctly positioned, two staples 78, positioned approximately 2-inches from the end of the side track 24, are installed.",
228
+ "Referring next to FIG. 11, while keeping the drawn line 70 at the center of the staple wall 30, the canvas 66 is pulled tight horizontally and stapled at 3-inch intervals, as shown by the staples 78. The other spring clamp 74 is removed when half of the side of the canvas 66 is stapled. Stapling is continued until 2-inches from the end of the frame 50. All vacant spaces are then stapled, except the ends, at 1-inch intervals.",
229
+ "FIG. 12 shows the next step. At one end, the canvas 66 is pulled tight. With the use of scissors 80, a cut 82 is made along an outside edge of the canvas adjacent the staple track 24, and \u00bc-inch past the drawn line 70, as shown in FIG. 12. While still pulling the canvas horizontally 66, two staples 78 are installed in each end section. This procedure is repeated at the other end.",
230
+ "Still referring to FIG. 12, and starting at an intersecting corner of the staple track 24, a utility knife 84 is used to make a 3-inch cut 86 along the inside edge of the staple track 24 to release the excess canvas. A cut 88 is then made to the edge of the canvas 66 at approximately a 135\u00b0 angle 90 to the previous cut 86. The above process is repeated at the other end of the side 32. The first side 64 of the canvas 66 is now stapled to the side 32 of the frame 50, as seen in FIG. 13.",
231
+ "Next, the frame 50 with the canvas 66 is inverted (turned 180\u00b0). Referring next to FIG. 14, the canvas 66 is pulled tight at the midpoint of the length 92 of the frame 50. Using a Vice-Grip clamp 94 (preferably model no. 9R with two 90\u00b0 bent fingers 96 as shown in FIG. 15), the canvas 66 is fastened to the frame 50 with the clamp fingers 96 in the staple track 24. The clamp fingers 96 must also be filed at the end, as shown in FIG. 15, so they do not tear the canvas 66.",
232
+ "Working on one-half of this side 92, the canvas 66 is pulled tight and secured with clamps 94 at 5-inch intervals until the corner is reached.",
233
+ "Starting with the second clamp 94 from the center, the canvas 66 is retightened and reclamped with vice-grips 94 to the frame 50. With several clamps 94 on the frame 50, it allows the canvas 66 to be tightened gradually. This is repeated two or three times until the canvas 66 is extremely taut.",
234
+ "A cut 82 is made adjacent the staple track 24, as shown in FIG. 12. Three staples 78 are put between each clamp 94, and one staple 78 is placed on the outside of the second and corner clamps 94. All clamps 94 are removed except the center clamp, and three staples 78 are put in each vacant space, approximately 1-inch apart in this embodiment. Two cuts 86, 88 are made on the end as described above in conjunction with FIG. 12.",
235
+ "The above procedure is repeated for the second half of this side 92, but also stapled on each side of the center clamp and in the vacant space when the center clamp is removed. The second side 92 is now stretched on, as seen in FIG. 13.",
236
+ "The frame is then turned a quarter turn (90\u00b0). As shown in FIG. 16, working at either corner, the canvas 66 is pulled tight around the 2-inch edge 56. The canvas edge 82 is then pulled, after folding it under \u00bd-inch at a mitered angle from the corner 58 of the frame 50 and down the staple track 24 miter. The resulting flap 100 is then stapled 78 into the staple track 24. Using a utility knife 84, the excess canvas is trimmed off the flap 100 along the inside edge of the staple track 24, and it is cut along edge 102.",
237
+ "As illustrated in FIG. 17, the remaining canvas 66 starting from the front corner 60 is folded, and this edge is pulled to the outside edge of the adjacent staple track 24. This flap 104 is then stapled into the staple track 24 with two staples 78. For the other corner on this side 106, the above process is repeated, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17.",
238
+ "For the remaining length of this side 106 of the canvas 66, the process as described for the second side 92 is repeated, except for the corner-procedure because the corners are already completed. The third side 106 is now stretched on.",
239
+ "For the last side 108, the procedure described for the third side 106 is repeated. The canvas 66 is now stretched onto the frame 50 as illustrated in FIG. 13.",
240
+ "The canvas 66 is now ready to be trimmed along the back. The stretched canvas 110 is standing with the back face showing and the front face towards the wall. As seen in FIG. 18, a sharp knife 112, such as an X-acto knife with a #11 blade is used. Starting on either of the sides 64, 92, 106, or 108, the entire length of the canvas 66 along the inside edge of the staple track 24 is trimmed. This process is repeated on the other three remaining sides. The canvas 66 is now trimmed in the installed configuration.",
241
+ "FIG. 19 shows the front and back views of the framing system 114 that includes the frame 50 and the stretched canvas 66, in this case a quadrilateral example.",
242
+ "It is to be understood that while a preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, various changes may be made therein. For example, the frame may have any polygonal shape, or it may be circular or oval.",
243
+ "In situations where the frame is larger than 4 feet along any side, reinforcing members should be used. These reinforcing members are shown in FIG. 20 as cross braces formed of solid round aluminum rods 120 that are attached at the back of the frame 50 and intersect each other across the center of the back. The intersection 122 of the rods 120 may be formed in any conventional manner. In frames larger than 8 feet, a meshwork of reinforcing rods may be used, in which case the center section should be left open in order to prevent interference with the canvas as it is pushed by the brush when being painted. In other words, it is undesirable to have the canvas contact the tubular reinforcing rods 120 when being painted.",
244
+ "From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited except as by the appended claims and the equivalents thereof."
245
+ ],
246
+ "citations": [
247
+ "3657796",
248
+ "3830278",
249
+ "3840167",
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+ "4041598",
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+ "4050498",
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+ "4179830",
253
+ "4181046",
254
+ "5839214",
255
+ "6269569",
256
+ "6347466"
257
+ ],
258
+ "us_classification": "29428",
259
+ "international_classifications": [
260
+ {
261
+ "classification_level": "A",
262
+ "section": "A",
263
+ "classification_class": "47",
264
+ "subclass": "G",
265
+ "main_group": "1",
266
+ "subgroup": "06"
267
+ }
268
+ ]
269
+ }
json_patents/06983525.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Alignment clamp",
3
+ "abstract": "To align the edges of plates prior to joining them, a generally cylindrical anchor member is spot welded at one location on one of its rims to a plate. A mounting element of a clamp body member slidably engages the anchor member. A force applicator element of the clamp body member is generally laterally spaced from the mounting element. The mounting element includes a generally arcuately extended semi-cylindrical socket portion of such a diameter that it slidably and snugly mounts the socket portion thereon. The rim portions of the anchor member provide a plurality of spot mounting locations for breakably spot welding, brazing or otherwise temporarily attaching the anchor member to a plate or other substrate. At least one of the force applicator or mounting elements is adapted to the incremental application of aligning force on adjacent plates. The body of the clamp bridges between the respective plates that are to be brought into line with one another. Typically, the anchor member holds the mounting element to one plate, and the force applicator element is spaced laterally from the anchor member, and bears on the other plate. This lateral axis is generally approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the anchor member.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Moreno"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983525",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Valtra, Inc."
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. An alignment clamp assembly for aligning first and second plates comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "a clamp body member including a mounting element and a force applicator element, said mounting element being generally laterally spaced from said force applicator element and including a generally arcuately extended semi-cylindrical socket portion;",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "an anchor member, said anchor member being generally cylindrical and including a generally cylindrical external surface and generally axially opposed end rim portions, each of said end rim portions including a plurality of generally circumferentially disposed spot mounting locations, said anchor member being adapted to being breakably spot affixed to said first plate at one of said spot mounting locations, said generally arcuately extended semi-cylindrical socket portion being adapted to engaging and disengaging said anchor member, said mounting element being adapted to applying a first force in a first direction through said anchor member to said first plate, said force applicator element being adapted to applying a second force in a second direction to said second plate, said first and second directions being generally opposed to one another, at least one of said mounting and force applicator elements being incrementally adjustable generally along one of said first and second directions.",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ }
25
+ ]
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
29
+ "preamble": "2. An alignment clamp assembly of claim 1 wherein said anchor member is spot welded to said first plate.",
30
+ "components": []
31
+ },
32
+ {
33
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
34
+ "preamble": "3. An alignment clamp assembly of claim 1 wherein said at least one of said mounting and force applicator elements is incrementally adjustable through a threaded element.",
35
+ "components": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
39
+ "preamble": "4. An alignment clamp assembly of claim 1 wherein said force applicator element comprises a threaded element.",
40
+ "components": []
41
+ },
42
+ {
43
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
44
+ "preamble": "5. An alignment clamp assembly of claim 1 wherein said generally arcuately extended semi-cylindrical socket portion is adapted to slidably engaging and disengaging said anchor member.",
45
+ "components": []
46
+ },
47
+ {
48
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
49
+ "preamble": "6. An alignment clamp assembly of claim 1 wherein said anchor member is adapted to being breakably spot affixed to said first plate at a said spot mounting locations with said generally cylindrical surface generally parallel to a surface of said first plate.",
50
+ "components": []
51
+ },
52
+ {
53
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
54
+ "preamble": "7. An alignment clamp assembly of claim 1 including releasable fastening members adapted to retaining said clamp body member engaged with said anchor member.",
55
+ "components": []
56
+ },
57
+ {
58
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
59
+ "preamble": "8. A process of aligning first and second plates comprising:",
60
+ "components": [
61
+ {
62
+ "component": "selecting an anchor member, said anchor member being generally cylindrical, said anchor member including a generally cylindrical outer surface and generally axially opposed end rim portions, each of said end rim portions including a plurality of spot mounting locations circumferentially disposed thereof;",
63
+ "subcomponents": []
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "component": "breakably spot affixing a first of said spot mounting locations to a first spot on said first plate with said generally cylindrical outer surface in contact with a surface of said first plate;",
67
+ "subcomponents": []
68
+ },
69
+ {
70
+ "component": "selecting a clamp body member including a mounting element and a force applicator element, said mounting element including a generally arcuately extended semi-cylindrical socket portion adapted to receiving said anchor member therewithin, said mounting element being laterally spaced from said force applicator element, said mounting and force applicator elements being adapted to exerting generally opposed forces on said first and second plates;",
71
+ "subcomponents": []
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "component": "engaging said generally arcuately extended semi-cylindrical socket portion with said anchor member;",
75
+ "subcomponents": []
76
+ },
77
+ {
78
+ "component": "adjustably applying said opposed forces to said first and second plates and allowing said plates to move relative to one another to predetermined positions;",
79
+ "subcomponents": []
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "component": "affixing said plates in said predetermined positions at a location adjacent to said mounting element;",
83
+ "subcomponents": []
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "component": "disengaging said generally arcuately extended semi-cylindrical socket portion from said anchor member;",
87
+ "subcomponents": []
88
+ },
89
+ {
90
+ "component": "breaking said anchor member away from said first spot; and",
91
+ "subcomponents": []
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "component": "breakably spot affixing a second of said spot mounting locations to a second spot on one of said plates.",
95
+ "subcomponents": []
96
+ }
97
+ ]
98
+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
101
+ "preamble": "9. A process of claim 8 wherein said first spot mounting location is on a first of said end rim portions, and positioning said second spot mounting location on a second of said end rim portions.",
102
+ "components": []
103
+ },
104
+ {
105
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
106
+ "preamble": "10. A process of claim 8 wherein said first spot mounting location is on a first of said rim portions, and positioning said second spot mounting location on said first rim portion at a position circumferentially spaced from said first spot mounting location.",
107
+ "components": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
111
+ "preamble": "11. A process of claim 8 wherein said generally arcuately extended semi-cylindrical socket portion is adapted to slidably receiving said anchor member therewithin, and slidably engaging and disengaging said generally arcuately extended semi-cylindrical socket portion from said anchor member.",
112
+ "components": []
113
+ },
114
+ {
115
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
116
+ "preamble": "12. A process of claim 8 including selecting said first spot on said first plate and said second spot on said second plate.",
117
+ "components": []
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
121
+ "preamble": "13. A process of claim 8 including selecting said first spot on said first plate and said second spot on said first plate.",
122
+ "components": []
123
+ },
124
+ {
125
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
126
+ "preamble": "14. An alignment clamp assembly for aligning first and second plates comprising:",
127
+ "components": [
128
+ {
129
+ "component": "a clamp body member including a mounting element and a force applicator element, said mounting element being generally laterally spaced from said force applicator element generally at opposed ends of a lateral axis and including a sectorial socket portion, said sectorial socket portion having a generally cylindrical wall from which a segment has been removed and a socket axis extending generally coincident with a longitudinal axis of said generally cylindrical wall;",
130
+ "subcomponents": []
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "component": "an anchor member, said anchor member being generally cylindrical and having an anchor axis extending generally longitudinally of said anchor member, said anchor member including a generally cylindrical external surface and generally axially opposed end rim portions, each of said end rim portions including a plurality of generally circumferentially disposed spot mounting locations, said anchor member being adapted to being breakably spot affixed to said first plate at one of said spot mounting locations with said generally cylindrical surface generally parallel to a surface of said first plate, said sectorial socket portion being adapted to being slidably mounted over said anchor member while said anchor member is breakably spot affixed to said first plate and with said socket axis generally coincident with said anchor axis, said mounting element being adapted to applying a first force in a first direction through said anchor member to said first plate, said force applicator element being adapted to applying a second force in a second direction to said second plate, said first and second directions being generally opposed to one another and generally normal to said lateral, socket and anchor axes, at least one of said mounting and force applicator elements being incrementally adjustable generally along one of said first and second directions.",
134
+ "subcomponents": []
135
+ }
136
+ ]
137
+ },
138
+ {
139
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
140
+ "preamble": "15. An alignment clamp assembly of claim 14 including a detent member adapted to holding said sectorial socket portion mounted to said anchor member.",
141
+ "components": []
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
145
+ "preamble": "16. An alignment clamp assembly of claim 14 wherein said force applicator element includes a floating pad adapted to contact and adjust to an angular position of a surface of a said plate.",
146
+ "components": []
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
150
+ "preamble": "17. An alignment clamp assembly of claim 14 wherein said segment is of such an extent that said sectorial socket portion is adapted to rotate through an arc of less than approximately 90 degrees around said anchor axis.",
151
+ "components": []
152
+ }
153
+ ],
154
+ "description": [
155
+ "This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/438,175, Filed Jan. 7, 2003.",
156
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
157
+ "The invention relates in general to methods and devices for aligning adjacent plates prior to joining them together by welding, brazing, adhesive bonding, or the like.",
158
+ "2. Description of the Prior Art",
159
+ "In the field of welding, a number of clamping devices have been invented to serve the purpose of metal plate alignment. Daubon U.S. Pat. No. 4,513,955 proposes the expedient of an L-shaped member in which a working screw is threaded through one arm to apply pressure on one plate while the other arm is bolted to an angle bracket that is removably tack welded to the other plate. Varga U.S. Pat. No. 3,556,508 proposes a similar expedient except that the L-shaped member is welded to a flat bed and an adjusting screw is threadably mounted in the bed. The flat bed with the permanently mounted L-shaped member is removably tack welded to the plate. These proposed expedients require a specially manufactured flat bed or bracket that has a limited life because of the effects of repeatedly tack welding, breaking, and re-welding it in the same place. Both Varga and Daubon require the use of screws and threaded holes in the same mounting bracket that is consumed by repeated welding in the same spot. The tools for forming threads in holes are typically not immediately available to a welder at the job site where large plates are being welded together. Likewise, the removal and insertion of screws in clamps interrupts the flow of work and slows down the operation. If a small screw is lost it is often not immediately replaceable on a job site.",
160
+ "Conventional practice often comprises just cutting a C-clamp in half to form an L-shaped member much like that shown in Varga. The cut stub is then removably tack welded directly to a plate. Some part of the stub is consumed every time it is tack welded and then broken away from a plate, so the life of the tool is limited. The clamp itself is part of the tool so that when the bed or bracket is tack welded to a plate the clamp may be in the way or it may suffer damage during the welding.",
161
+ "Other prior proposed plate alignment expedients include, for example, Neuhaus, Apparatus for Clamping and Aligning Plates or the Like, U.S. Pat. No. 2,672,839, Howe, Welding Clamps, U.S. Pat. No. 3,342,479; and Minix, Alignment Clamp, U.S. Pat. No. 4,108,346. In general, these other proposed clamping devices are relatively complicated in design, difficult to manipulate, and subject to being easily damaged by the welding operation. In fact, the complicated designs make these devices more costly and time consuming to setup, remove, and maintain. Furthermore, many of these prior devices use a metal rod or a metal strap to feed through a thin gap between the plates to pull in a clamping member behind or underneath the plates to force the alignment. If the two plates are of different thickness, the upper or outer surfaces of the plates will not be brought into perfect alignment by the pulling/pushing force of the clamping member. Under such a situation, there is no way to make the adjustments that are necessary to achieve perfect alignment between the plates. Additionally, after the alignment is achieved and welding is completed, the metal rod or strap with the clamping member has to be removed from behind or underneath the plates. In some occasions, this may be very difficult or even impossible to do, especially where the welded plate is very large and heavy, or it forms part of a closed container. Another inconvenience of these proposed prior art expedients is that the holes left behind after the removal of the metal rods or metal straps have to be welded again to complete the job.",
162
+ "These and other difficulties of the prior art have been overcome according to the present invention.",
163
+ "It is an object of the present invention to provide an alignment clamp and method that are very simple in design so that the manufacturing cost is low, and the cost of use is low. Another object of the invention is to provide an alignment clamp and method, which are very easy to setup before work, easy to remove after work, requires few steps for its use, and is rugged. A further object of the present invention is to provide a clamp and method to align metal plates of uneven or different thickness, or with curved surfaces, by individually adjustable mechanism repeatably usable in multiple setups. Yet another object of the present invention is to enable the clamping and alignment to be done only on one side of the metal or other plates, that is, the exposed upper side or the outer side. No part of the clamping member is behind or underneath the plates so that it has to be removed after the welding or other affixing is completed. The present invention is suitable for welding or other wise joining metal or other plates that are very large and heavy, which form a closed container, ceramic or plastic plates that are adhered or bonded together in other ways, or the like. A still further object of the present invention is to make alignment clamping possible without using a rod, strap or other element to feed through a gap between the two plates. As a result the plates can be joined together without gaps, and there will be no holes left behind to require sealing after the removal of the alignment clamp. Further, it is an objective to provide a simple separate anchor member that is reusable, disposable, and readily available, that can be handled and tack welded or otherwise breakably bonded or adhered to a plate without encumbering the clamp itself, and to which a clamp can be removably mounted without the use of additional tools. In addition, the traces left on the plate by spot mounting are easily removed during normal cleanup operations. It is an object of the present invention to provide an alignment clamp assembly and method that are adapted to all plate geometry, all materials of construction, and all methods and forms of plate joinder. Suitable plate materials include, for example, metals, ceramics, plastics, masonry, wood, and the like. Suitable plate joinder and breakable spot mounting methods and materials include, for example, arc or gas welding, plasma spray, brazing, soldering, sonic welding, solvent bonding, adhesive bonding, and the like. The methods and materials used for the purposes of plate joinder need not be the same as those used for breakable spot mounting purposes on the same job. Additional objectives will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following teachings.",
164
+ "The present invention has been developed in response to the current state of the art, and in particular, in response to these and other problems and needs that have not been fully or completely solved by currently available expedients. Thus, it is an overall object of the present invention to effectively resolve at least the problems and shortcomings identified herein. To acquaint persons skilled in the pertinent arts most closely related to the present invention, a preferred embodiment of an alignment clamp that illustrates a best mode now contemplated for putting the invention into practice is described herein by, and with reference to, the annexed drawings that form a part of the specification. The exemplary alignment clamp assembly is described in detail without attempting to show all of the various forms and modifications in which the invention might be embodied. As such, the embodiments shown and described herein are illustrative, and as will become apparent to those skilled in the arts, can be modified in numerous ways within the scope and spirit of the invention, the invention being measured by the appended claims and not by the details of the specification or drawings. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a clamp body member, for example, slidably engages an anchor member. The clamp body member includes for example, a force applicator element generally laterally spaced from a mounting element. The mounting element includes, for example, a generally arcuately extended semi-cylindrical socket portion. The generally cylindrical exterior of the anchor member is for example, of such a diameter that it slidably and snugly mounts the sectorial socket portion thereon. The axially opposed ends of the anchor member define end rim or circumference portions. The rim portions provide a plurality of spot mounting locations for spot welding, brazing or otherwise temporarily attaching the anchor member to a plate or other substrate. At least one of the force applicator or mounting elements is preferably adapted to the incremental application of force on an adjacent plate. According to one preferred embodiment, the body of the clamp bridges between the respective plates that are to be brought into line with one another. In this embodiment, the anchor member holds the mounting element to one plate, and the force applicator element is spaced from the anchor member generally along a lateral axis and bears on the other plate. This lateral axis is generally approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the anchor member.",
165
+ "In operation, in one preferred embodiment, a generally cylindrical anchor member is breakably spot mounted to a plate at one mounting location on a rim of the anchor member. A generally arcuately extended semi-cylindrical socket portion of the mounting element on a clamp body member is slidably mounted to the anchor member. A force applicator element on the clamp body member is positioned in engaging relationship to a second plate. Alignment between the respective plates is accomplished by incrementally adjusting one or both of the mounting or force applicator elements until the plates are brought to the desired alignment.",
166
+ "Other objects, advantages, and novel features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth herein.",
167
+ "The present invention provides its benefits across a broad spectrum of alignment clamp devices. While the description which follows hereinafter is meant to be representative of a number of such applications, it is not exhaustive. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the basic apparatus taught herein can be readily adapted to many uses. This specification and the claims appended hereto should be accorded a breadth in keeping with the scope and spirit of the invention being disclosed despite what might appear to be limiting language imposed by the requirements of referring to the specific examples disclosed.",
168
+ "Referring particularly to the drawings for the purposes of illustrating the invention and its presently understood best mode only and not limitation:",
169
+ "FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a clamp body member according to the present invention.",
170
+ "FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 showing the clamp body member aligningly mounted in an alignment clamp assembly with an anchor member to adjacent plates.",
171
+ "FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 2.",
172
+ "FIG. 4 is a side view of two clamp body members of the embodiment of FIG. 1 aligningly associated with two cylindrical plates.",
173
+ "FIG. 5 is a partial rear elevational view of a preferred embodiment of an alignment clamp assembly showing a plurality of spot mounting locations on a rim portion of an anchor member.",
174
+ "FIG. 6 is a partial elevational view of another preferred embodiment of an alignment clamp assembly of the present invention showing a side mountable mounting element.",
175
+ "FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the attachment by breakably spot welding of an anchor member to a flat plate illustrating the best mode of practicing the invention as presently understood.",
176
+ "FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 7 illustrating the forces involved in utilizing a preferred embodiment of an alignment clamp assembly according to the present invention.",
177
+ "FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 8 illustrating the removal of a spot welded anchor member from a welded plate assembly.",
178
+ "FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment according to the present invention illustrating several stages in the use of the present invention illustrating the best mode of practicing the invention as presently understood.",
179
+ "FIG. 11 is a partially broken side elevational view of an additional preferred embodiment wherein a force applicator is actuated from a side of the assembly.",
180
+ "FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 4 illustrating in some additional detail the best mode of practicing the invention as presently understood.",
181
+ "Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts throughout the several views. It is to be understood that the drawings are diagrammatic and schematic representations of various embodiments of the invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. The use of words and phrases herein with reference to specific embodiments is not intended to limit the meanings of such words and phrases to those specific embodiments. Words and phrases herein are intended to have their ordinary meanings, unless a specific definition is set forth at length herein.",
182
+ "Referring particularly to FIGS. 1 through 3 of the drawings, there is illustrated generally at 1 a clamp body member at one end of which is an internally threaded block 6, and at the laterally opposed other end is a mounting element 5. A force applicator element in the form of a screw 2 is threadably received in block 6. A floating pad or jaw 4 is mounted on the end of element 2 to provide accommodation for small misalignments or irregularities in the plates to which the alignment clamp assembly is to be applied. In this illustrated embodiment, element 2 is activated by the appropriate manipulation of handle 3. Handle 3 is pivotally attached to the upper end of the threaded force applicator element. Handle 3 is spring loaded and foldable so that it can be used at the upright position for quick turning of the applicator element and at the horizontal position for stronger turning torque. Mounting element 5 comprises generally arcuately extending arms that in this embodiment define an arcuately extended semi-cylindrical socket portion 7. The alignment clamp assembly includes an anchor member 8, which in this embodiment comprises a short generally cylindrical section of pipe. Member 8 is breakably affixed to first plate 10 by means of a breakable spot mounting 9 at a location on the rim on one end of member 8. Initially, first plate 10 is supported on first support 13 at a location where it is out of alignment with the adjacent edge of second plate 11. Second plate 11 is supported on second support 12. The socket portion 7 and the anchor member 8 are proportioned so that the sectorial socket portion slides over the anchor member. Where the plates are oriented at an angle to the horizon such that the socket portion 7 would slide off of the anchor member 8 under the urging of gravity, a detent is preferably provided to hold the socket portion and the anchor member in assembled configuration. Two detent elements in the form of screws 16 and 17 are illustrated at 16 and 17, respectively. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, others forms of detent can be employed if desired. The application of force by element 2 causes the adjacent edges to be brought into alignment as shown particularly in FIG. 2. Such application of force causes first plate 10 to be lifted off of its support 13.",
183
+ "With particular reference to FIG. 4, plates in the form of cylindrical pipes 24 and 25 are brought into alignment by the provision of three alignment clamp assemblies spaced generally equal angularly around the cylindrical pipes. The third alignment clamp assembly is hidden from view behind the pipes. The first and second clamp bodies 20 and 21, respectively, are mounted in operative association with first pipe 24 through anchor members 22 and 23, respectively. The three clamp assemblies function together much as a conventional tree-jawed chuck in a lathe. Precise alignment of the adjacent edges of pipes 24 and 25 is accomplished by adjusting the force applicator elements relative to one another.",
184
+ "The clamp body 58 illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 is mounted at one end to an anchor member 50. The arms of mounting element 54 (FIG. 5) encircle anchor member 50 through an arc of more than 180 degrees so as to retain the clamp body in assembled configuration to the anchor member. That is, the mounting element is defined by a generally arcuately extended semi-cylindrical socket portion. A sector is missing from the wall of the generally cylindrical mounting element so as to provide the clearance indicated at 68. Clearance 68 permits the alignment clamp assembly to be formed without impediment from any engagement with the surface of the plate 56. Clearance 68 also permits some rotational alignment of the clamp body as may be desired to effect alignment between a particular pair of plates. The permitted rotation is less than approximately 90 degrees because the partially encircling walls of the mounting element 54 extend through an arc of substantially more than 180 degrees. The longitudinal axis 51 (FIG. 6) of the anchor member 50 is generally coincident with that of the mounting element 54, and is approximately parallel with, if not coincident with, the lateral axis that extends between the force applicator element and the mounting element. A breakable spot mounting is illustrated at 52. Spot mounting 52 mounts anchor member 50 to plate 56. Preferably, a spot mounting is located as close as possible to the force applicator element. This, inter alia, reduces the moment arm of the force applied to the spot mounting, and tends to protect it from unintentional breakage. A detent element 48 in the form of a thumb screw is illustrated at 48. Detent element 48 serves to prevent the mounting element and the anchor member from unintentionally disengaging by sliding axially of one another. The end rim of anchor member 50 provides a multiplicity of spot mounting locations as indicated at 60, 62, 64, and 66. When breakable spot mounting 52 is broken to release the anchor member from the plate, a fresh spot mounting location on the rim can be selected for purposes of remounting the anchor member to a new location on the same or a different plate. No reworking is required of the location on the rim where the spot mounting 52 was accomplished. Cycle time for mounting, using, de-mounting, and remounting is thus reduced.",
185
+ "Some locations are such that there is not room or it is awkward to slide the sectorial socket portion of the mounting element over the anchor element. The embodiment of FIG. 6 illustrates the side mounting of a mounting element 70 over anchor member 50. One arm 74 of the mounting socket is pivotally mounted at 72 so that it swings to the open position illustrated at 76. This is in the nature of a clam shell coupling, and it permits the mounting element to be moved sideways into engagement with the anchor member without any axial sliding of one relative to the other. A conventional detent, not shown, is provided to hold clam shell element 74 in the engaged configuration.",
186
+ "FIGS. 7 through 10 illustrate the operation of one embodiment of the invention. Anchor member 80 is breakably spot welded to first plate 86 by means of a welding member 84. As shown particularly in FIG. 7, a second plate 88 is positioned generally adjacent to but misaligned with first plate 86 so that the plates can not be welded at juncture 90. Clamp body member 34 is assembled to anchor member 80 by sliding the mounting element 40 and generally cylindrical anchor member 80 axially of one another into a nested relationship. As illustrated particularly in FIG. 8, the incremental application of force by means of rotating threaded force applicator 36 causes a downward force to be applied to plate 88, and an upward force to be applied to plate 86. This brings the two plates into alignment at their adjacent edges. The juncture 90 is welded at 92 (FIG. 9). Anchor member engaging slot 46 on clamp body member 34 is engaged with the remote rim of anchor member 80 and upward force is applied to break the spot weld 82. The anchor member 80 is then available for re-use at another location on the same or a different plate.",
187
+ "Often, large plates require alignment one segment at a time. This is diagrammatically illustrated, for example, in FIG. 10. First plate 94 and second palte 96 are misaligned, and the misalignement is of such a nature that it must be addressed one segment of the juncture between them at a time. A first anchor member 98 was spot mounted at 102 to first plate 94, a clamp member 34 was mounted thereto and adjusted, and first weld 104 was formed. The misalignement of the next segment of the juncture between these plates is illustrated, for example, at 110. Clamp member 34 was slidably removed from engagement with first anchor member 98, and slidably installed on third anchor member 108. The removal of an anchor member from the surface of a plate is illustrated at 100 where the free end of the anchor has been twisted up away from the plate around the spot mounting at the other end so as to weaken and break the spot mounting. Once complete removal of the anchor is accomplished, it is available for re-use on the same or a different plate. The spot mountings are on the rims of the anchor members that are closest to the juncture between the plates. Removal of an anchor leaves a spot of weldment on the surface of the plate as illustrated at 106. Typically, weldments are ground to smooth them. Grinding of the spot of weldment 106 serves to level the surface of the plate as may be desired.",
188
+ "A further embodiment of the invention is diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 11. In some situations it is desirable to be able to actuate the force applicator from one side of the clamp body. A clamp alignment assembly 112 includes a force applicator element 128 that is actuated by a laterally projecting threaded actuator 134. Actuating force is applied to actuator 134 by the rotation through T-handle 136 or hex head 138 of a shank that is threadably mounted in clamp body member 114 so as to incrementally drive transmitting spheres 130 along actuator channel 132. A floating foot pad or jaw 126 on the remote end of force applicator element 128 serves to accommodate slight angular misalignment between the first plate 116 and second plate 118. Mounting element 122 is slidably mounted in nesting relationship to generally cylindrical member 120. Anchor member 120 is attached by a spot mounting 124 at a rim location adjacent to force applicator 128 to second plate 118. Movement of the force applicator element 128 responsive to the urging of force transmitting spheres 130 will cause the adjacent edges of plates 116 and 118 to move into alignment with one another.",
189
+ "FIG. 12, for example, is illustrative of the best mode as presently contemplated of the clamp assemblies according to the present invention. The clamp body 34 is in the form of an inverted L-shape clamping arm and webbed for added strength. Thumb screws, of which 48 is typical, are provided for detent purposes so that no extra tools are required to actuate these detents. The threaded socket 38 is reinforced as illustrated for strength purposes. The threaded actuator 36 for applicator element 37 is incrementally actuatable by means of T-handle 42 or hex head 44. In general, a third clamp assembly, not illustrated would typically be applied to the opposed side of the pipes 28 and 30 generally as described above with reference to FIG. 4 to align the edges of the curved plates along juncture 32. Spot welds 140 and 142 serve to breakably mount the respective anchor members 22 and 23 to pipe 28. Curved plates are used to illustrate this embodiment so that both sides of the clamp assemblies are visible. The geometry of the plates is not a part of the alignment clamp assemblies. The plates are the workpieces to which the clamp assemblies of this invention are applied. The use of curved plates in FIG. 12 is not intended to indicate that the invention or the best mode of practicing the invention are limited by the geometry of the plates.",
190
+ "Several sets of alignment clamps can be used to align the adjacent edges of the plates with fine adjustment and desired accuracy. Alternatively, one clamp can be used in one location with a partial weld formed as the desired alignment is achieved at that location. That one clamp can then be moved to another location, and the process repeated. This cycle of use can be repeated until the entire weld is formed. In one specific embodiment, several two and one-eighth long pieces of one and seven-eighth inch diameter metal pipe were spot welded to the surface of the metal plate along the welding edge, with the axis of each metal pipe parallel to the surface of the second metal plate but at right angle to the edge to be welded. An alignment clamp was mounted onto each plate. To align the edges of the plates to the same level, the threaded screw of the alignment clamp was turned until the edges of the plates were brought into alignment by raising one or lowering the other. Accurate alignment of the two edges was obtained by fine adjustments of the threaded screws of each alignment clamp. Then the two metal plates were welded together along the aligned edges in one operation. After the weld cooled down, the alignment clamps were removed from the one and seven-eighth inch short pipes by releasing the screws and sliding the clamp bodies off the pipe sections. The final steps of the process were to remove the one and seven-eighth inch diameter short pipes by striking them with a hammer or prying them off, and to polish the surface of the metal plate where the spot weld was located.",
191
+ "What have been described are preferred embodiments in which modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the accompanying claims. Many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described."
192
+ ],
193
+ "citations": [
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+ "1940910",
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+ "6651967",
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+ "2185934"
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+ ],
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+ "us_classification": "29464",
231
+ "international_classifications": [
232
+ {
233
+ "classification_level": "A",
234
+ "section": "B",
235
+ "classification_class": "23",
236
+ "subclass": "Q",
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+ "main_group": "3",
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+ "subgroup": "00"
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ }
json_patents/06983526.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Cold formed latch wire",
3
+ "abstract": "A latch restraint and safety anchorage system for securing a child safety seat in an automotive vehicle behind the vehicle's seat is provided. One or more latch wires are generally mounted to a cross member of the anchorage system comprised of a pair of spatially separated legs joined at one end by a transverse latch bar. Each leg includes a tapered portion and an end portion. The end portion is exposed to allow the legs to be retained by the cross member.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Duffy",
6
+ "Austin",
7
+ "Smallwood"
8
+ ],
9
+ "document_number": "06983526",
10
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
11
+ "assignees": [
12
+ "M & C Corporation"
13
+ ],
14
+ "claims": [
15
+ {
16
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
17
+ "preamble": "1. A method of manufacturing a restraint anchorage for a child safety seat for an automotive vehicle, the method comprising:",
18
+ "components": [
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "providing a cross member and at least two mounting brackets attached to the cross member;",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "component": "providing at least one pair of wire forms to form at least one pair of latch wires;",
25
+ "subcomponents": []
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "component": "forming a constant diameter transverse latch bar portion between spaced legs from each wire form; and",
29
+ "subcomponents": []
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "component": "tapering each wire form in at least two locations to generate at least two distinct elongated tapered portions separated by the transverse latch bar portion.",
33
+ "subcomponents": []
34
+ }
35
+ ]
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
39
+ "preamble": "2. The method of claim 1 wherein said forming comprises bending the wire form.",
40
+ "components": []
41
+ },
42
+ {
43
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
44
+ "preamble": "3. The method of claim 2 wherein said forming comprises bending the wire form in at least two spaced locations.",
45
+ "components": []
46
+ },
47
+ {
48
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
49
+ "preamble": "4. The method of claim 1 wherein said tapering comprises reducing the diameter of a middle portion of the at least one pair of wire forms.",
50
+ "components": []
51
+ },
52
+ {
53
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
54
+ "preamble": "5. The method of claim 4 wherein said reducing is done by swaging.",
55
+ "components": []
56
+ },
57
+ {
58
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
59
+ "preamble": "6. The method of claim 1 wherein said tapering comprises gradually expanding the diameter of each tapered portion of the at least one pair of wire forms.",
60
+ "components": []
61
+ },
62
+ {
63
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
64
+ "preamble": "7. The method of claim 6 wherein said expanding is done by cold heading.",
65
+ "components": []
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
69
+ "preamble": "8. The method of claim 1 further comprising collaring to form a first collar adjacent each tapered portion.",
70
+ "components": []
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
74
+ "preamble": "9. The method of claim 8 further comprising attaching each pair of latch wires to the cross member by inserting end portions into holes provided in the cross member up to a point where each first collar engages a first surface of the cross member.",
75
+ "components": []
76
+ },
77
+ {
78
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
79
+ "preamble": "10. The method of claim 9 further comprising forming a second collar on each end portion engaging a second surface of the cross member on a side opposite the first collar to secure each pair of latch wires to the cross member.",
80
+ "components": []
81
+ }
82
+ ],
83
+ "description": [
84
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
85
+ "The invention relates to child seat restraints for automotive vehicles and, in particular, to a latch restraint and anchorage system for securing the child restraint seat to the seat of a vehicle.",
86
+ "2. Background Art",
87
+ "Child safety seats have been required for many years by law for small children riding in automotive vehicles. In the past, child safety seats have been secured to a passenger seat using standard seatbelts provided for adult passengers that are anchored to one or more structural members of the vehicle. The seatbelts are normally threaded through apertures or slots provided in the child safety seat secure the child safety seat in position on the vehicle seat. The child safety seat mounting procedure is awkward and sometimes complex, which may result in improper securement of the child safety seat to the seat of the vehicle.",
88
+ "To overcome these problems, various regulations have been implemented requiring a standardization of the structure and methods for securing the child safety seat in an automotive vehicle. A recent Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) adopted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) requires vehicles be equipped with child seat restraint anchorage systems. The child restraint anchorage system outlined in this standard, FMVSS 225, requires, in part, that lower anchorages (i.e., latch wires) be rigidly attached to the vehicle, preferably one on each side of the child seat.",
89
+ "U.S. Pat. No. 6,276,754 issued to Youssef-Agha, et al. discloses a child safety seat having a pair of latch mechanisms which lockingly engage the latch wires to secure the child safety seat in position on the seat of the vehicle. The Youssef-Agha child safety seat includes latch wires that are welded to a cross member. However, welding distorts position and alignment of the latch wires. In other known anchorage systems for supporting and positioning the latch wires, bent legs of each latch wire are passed through enlarged holes provided in the cross member and then secured by a weld. The enlarged openings reduce rigidity relied upon for support, positioning and alignment, and make the assembly more susceptible to deformation due to welding heat.",
90
+ "Still other known anchorage systems for supporting and positioning the latch wires avoid the heat of a welding operation by providing a pair of collars on each latch wire leg. The legs are inserted into a cross member up to a first collar. A second collar is formed from the portion of the legs inserted into the cross member which protrude to the other side securing the latch wire to the cross member. This arrangement also avoids the need for an enlarged opening in the cross member to insert the legs through, since the legs in this instance can be straight. However, this arrangement does not resist deformation of the latch wire caused by use or abuse of the child safety seat as much as may be necessary.",
91
+ "Section S9.1 of FMVSS 225 requires the latch wire to include a transverse latch bar having approximately a 6 mm diameter. Child safety seat latch mechanisms are designed to engage the transverse latch bar of the latch wire. The standard 6 mm diameter allows child safety seat manufacturers to produce standardized latch mechanisms better equipped to safely secure a child. Further, the strength of the lower anchorages are regulated by Section S9.4 of FMVSS 225. The standard recites the maximum allowable deflection when certain forces are applied to the latch wire.",
92
+ "Typically, during manufacturing, each latch wire is formed from a constant diameter wire form, cut and bent into its preferred shape, which generally resembles the letter \u201cU\u201d. The wire form is selected to ensure that the transverse latch bar portion of the latch wire maintains a constant 6 mm diameter. Thus, the remaining leg portions of the latch wire, which engage a cross member, are also approximately 6 mm in diameter. However, latch wires having such a constant diameter have difficulty meeting the requirements for maximum allowable deflection.",
93
+ "Previously known systems included a support bracket placed over the latch wire and secured to the cross member to reduce the cantilever effect of forces on the latch wire. The support bracket avoided misalignment and distortion of the latch wire in anchorage systems. However, this method is problematic in that it adds an additional component increasing both the cost and assembly required.",
94
+ "The present invention overcomes the above disadvantages by shaping the legs of the latch wire to provide greater strength and rigidity under bending loads. Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for providing a restraint anchorage for a child restraint system. As described in greater detail below, the apparatus, according to the present invention, functions as a standardized restraint anchorage for connection with a child safety seat within a vehicle. The apparatus has the ability of strengthening the anchorage to resist forces due to the cantilever effect, while maintaining the criteria for the diameter at the striking surface of the anchorage without adding additional components and associated costs.",
95
+ "Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a latch wire and method for strengthening a child restraint anchorage system wherein the legs are tapered such that they are wider at one end than at the other.",
96
+ "Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a latch wire and method for strengthening a child restraint anchorage system that reinforces the latch wire without the aid of additional components.",
97
+ "Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide a latch wire and method for strengthening a child restraint anchorage system that reinforces the latch wire with minimal manufacturing time and cost.",
98
+ "Still yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide a latch wire and method for strengthening a child restraint anchorage system which maintains the industry standard diameter across the retention zone of the latch wire.",
99
+ "A further aspect of the present invention is to provide a latch wire and method for strengthening a child restraint anchorage system wherein the forming process begins by reducing a portion of a wire form larger than the industry standard diameter, or by expanding a portion of a wire form equivalent to the industry standard diameter.",
100
+ "Accordingly, a restraint anchorage for a child safety seat for an automotive vehicle is provided. The restraint anchorage includes a cross member, at least two mounting brackets attached to the cross member, and at least one pair of latch wires. The brackets secure the cross member to the vehicle at a location behind a vehicle seat. Each latch wire is generally U-shaped having a pair of spatially separated legs joined at one end by a transverse latch bar. In operation, the child safety seat attaches to the transverse latch bar. Each leg includes a tapered portion and an end portion. The end portion is generally located at the end of the leg opposite the transverse latch bar. The tapered portion has a base and a continuously expanding diameter. The diameter of the tapered portion at its narrowest end is approximately equal to the diameter of the transverse latch bar. The diameter of the tapered portion then expands from its narrowest end towards the base wherein the diameter is some amount greater than the diameter of the transverse latch bar. The tapered portion provides the latch wire with reinforcement for greater strength and rigidity under bending or tensile loads.",
101
+ "In a certain embodiment, the end portion of each leg of the latch wires pass through holes provided in the cross member. The length of the legs protruding through holes provided in the cross member can be limited by a first collar or a shoulder disposed between the tapered portion and the end portion of each leg. Once each pair of latch wires is mounted to the cross member, a second collar engaging a surface of the cross member on a side opposite the first collar can be formed in order to secure the latch wire to the cross member to prevent it from being disengaged from the cross member by external forces. The first collar can be a collar having a diameter which extends radially outward a distance greater than the diameter of the end portion, or rather, the first collar can be a shoulder formed adjacent the base of the tapered portion which overhangs the narrower end portion.",
102
+ "Correspondingly, a method for manufacturing a restraint anchorage for a child safety seat for an automotive vehicle is provided. The method includes providing a cross member and at least two mounting brackets attached to the cross member. At least one pair of wire forms are also provided to form at least one pair of latch wires. Each wire form is then tapered in at least two locations, thereby forming two distinct tapered portions. The tapering is performed such that each tapered portion is separated by a constant diameter transverse latch bar portion. The U-shaped latch wire is then formed by providing a pair of spaced legs separated at one end by the transverse latch bar portion. The latch wire undergoes a bending process to form the pair of spaced legs. This is typically done in at least two spaced locations, one on either side of the transverse latch bar portion.",
103
+ "The wire form can be tapered by reducing the diameter of a middle portion of the at least one pair of wire forms, or rather, the wire form can be tapered by gradually expanding the diameter of selected locations of the wire form. Generally, the wire form can be reduced by a swaging process. Alternatively, the wire form can be expanded by a cold heading process. Furthermore, the method includes forming a first collar adjacent each tapered portion of the latch wire. Upon attaching the latch wire to the cross member, the first collar limits the amount of legs protruding through holes provided in the cross member. Finally, a second collar is formed on the latch wire on a side of the cross member opposite the first collar to secure the latch wire to the cross member.",
104
+ "These and other aspects and advantages will become more apparent from a reading of the detailed description in conjunction with the drawings.",
105
+ "FIG. 1 is a side environmental view of a child safety seat secured to a child safety restraint anchorage system coupled to a passenger seat within a vehicle;",
106
+ "FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a child safety restraint anchorage including a plurality of latch wires;",
107
+ "FIG. 3 is a plan view of a latch wire according to a preferred aspect of the invention; and",
108
+ "FIG. 4 is a plan view of a latch wire according to an alternate aspect of the invention.",
109
+ "As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein. However, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of an invention that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. Therefore, specific functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for the claims and/or as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention.",
110
+ "Referring now to the Figures, an environmental view of the latch wire and restraint anchorage system of the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. An anchorage 20 is fastened to the floor 22 of a vehicle 10 with bolts 24, which extend through anchorage brackets 26. The anchorage 20 includes a plurality of latch wires 28 attached to a cross member 30. The anchorage 20 and latch wires 28 are positioned such that the latch wires 28 extend through a channel 31 formed between a seat cushion 32 and a backrest 34 of the vehicle passenger seat.",
111
+ "A child safety seat 36 is disposed on the seat of the vehicle 10. In certain embodiments of the invention, a base 33 of the child safety seat 36 rests on an upper surface 35 of the seat cushion 32 while a back 37 of the child safety seat 36 rests against an outer surface 39 of the backrest 34. The child safety seat 36 includes an extendable latch mechanism 38, which is adapted to latch onto one or more of the plurality of latch wires 28. The latch mechanism 38 may be spring loaded to retract and lock when the latch mechanism 38 engages the latch wire 28 to pull the child safety seat 36 into place. Alternatively, latch mechanism 38 may be manually activated to engage and lock the child safety seat 36 in position.",
112
+ "The anchorage 20 for the child seat safety restraint system according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 2. Cross member 30 of anchorage 20 is supported by multiple mounting brackets 26 attached to a structural member of the vehicle (not shown), such as the floor behind the seat of the vehicle. It is understood that in many applications only two mounting brackets may be required. The cross member 30 may be formed of steel, structural plastic, or carbon fiber material as a solid bar, plates or a tubular member, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. A plurality of U-shaped latch wires 28 are attached to the cross member 30 at predetermined locations.",
113
+ "The illustrated embodiment shows three pairs or sets of latch wires 28 indicative of three possible mounting locations for a child safety seat 36. These three locations are the left side of the seat, the right side of the seat, and the center of the seat. It is understood that one or two sets of latch wires 28 may be attached to the cross member 30 if desired.",
114
+ "As shown in FIG. 1, the anchorage 20 is located behind the seat of the vehicle at a location such that the latch wires 28 extend forward in the channel 31 between the seat cushion 32 and the backrest 34 of the vehicle seat. The anchorage 20 may include pivots or other attachments, such as pivot 40, permitting a portion of the backrest 34 to be folded down to provide access into the trunk area from the passenger compartment of the vehicle. Alternatively, pivot 40 may allow for movement of a foldable armrest. The mounting brackets 26 each have one or more bolt holes 42 facilitating the bolting of the anchorage 20 to the vehicle.",
115
+ "Referring now to FIG. 3, a first aspect of the invention illustrating the latch wire 28 is shown. The latch wire 28 has a generally U-shaped configuration having a pair of spatially separated legs 44 joined at one end by an integral transverse latch bar 46. The latch bar 46 provides a continuous 6 mm diameter striking surface as required by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The latch mechanism 38 of the child safety seat (not shown) latches onto the latch bar 46 securing the child safety seat to the vehicle.",
116
+ "Each leg 44 of the latch wire 28 includes a tapered portion 48 and an end portion 50. The tapered portion 48 subsumes a section of the leg 44 nearest the latch bar 46, while the end portion 50 subsumes the section of the leg 44 opposite the latch bar 46. It is understood that tapered for purposes of this invention means a section of the leg 44 that is wider at one end than at the other. The tapered portion 48 has a base 52 designating the area of the tapered portion having the largest diameter. The diameter of the tapered portion 48 gradually decreases from the base 52 as tapered portion 48 extends toward the latch bar 46. Ultimately, the tapered portion 48 achieves a minimum diameter approximately equal to that of the transverse latch bar 46. The tapered portion 48 may be conical in shape, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, or, alternatively, parabolic or some other similarly tapered shape.",
117
+ "The end portion 50 of leg 44 includes a generally continuous diameter extending from the base 52 towards the end of the leg 44 opposite that of the latch bar 46. In a particular embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the diameter of end portion 50 is sized approximately equal to the base 52. Each leg 44 of latch wire 28 may include a rigid first collar 54 which can be formed by cold heading or any other process known in the art. The first collar 54 may be disposed at the base 52 adjacent the tapered portion 48 and the end portion 50. First collar 54 is positioned for mating engagement with the cross member (not shown) upon the attachment of latch wire 28 to the cross member. Moreover, FIG. 3 illustrates an enlarged head forming a second collar 55 at the end of each leg 44. Second collar 55 secures the latch wire 28 to the cross member to prevent it from being disengaged from the cross member. Second collar 55 is shown in phantom as it is not a part of latch wire 28 until latch wire 28 is secured to the cross member. Moreover, depending on the method utilized for attaching latch wires 28 to the cross member, second collar 55 may be unnecessary.",
118
+ "A method for manufacturing the latch wire 28 in FIG. 3 is described below. It is understood that other methods exist for achieving the tapered design provided by this invention, and that this invention is not limited to the method detailed herein. A wire form having a desired diameter is cut to a particular length. The diameter of the wire form may be larger than the 6 mm industry standard, and is chosen to withstand the load-bearing forces applied to the latch wire 28 when in use. In order to maintain the industry standard 6 mm diameter at the retention zone of the latch wire 28, i.e. the striking surface which engages the latch mechanism 38, a portion of the wire form is reduced in diameter. Generally, the reducing step reduces the diameter of a middle portion of the wire form encompassing the transverse latch bar 46, down to the industry standard. The reduction is done gradually so as to form the tapered portion 48 on either side of the latch bar portion 46. The end portions 50 of legs 44 maintain their original diameter. The wire form can be reduced by any known processes in the art, such as swaging or machining, so long as the tapered portions 48 are formed on both ends of the latch bar portion 46.",
119
+ "If desired, collars 54 may be cold formed in a mechanical die press. The collars 54 may be formed adjacent the base 52 of the tapered portions 48, or further down onto the end portions 50. In certain embodiments shown, the collars 54 extend generally radially outward a distance greater than the thickest portion of the legs 44 to limit the amount the legs protrude through holes in the cross member 30 when the latch wire 28 is attached thereto. Each collar 54 may be shaped in accordance with a mating surface of the cross member 30. For example, collar 54 may provide a curved surface for mating engagement with a round cross member. Alternatively, collar 54 may provide a flat surface for mating engagement with a flat surface of the cross member 30.",
120
+ "Next, the wire form is bent to form the legs 44 of the latch wire 28 in such a way as to provide a constant industry standard diameter retention zone the entire length of latch bar 46. Moreover, the wire form can be bent to position the latch wire 28 into the channel 31 between the seat cushion 32 and backrest 34 when assembled in the vehicle. The wire form is typically bent in a series of operations as the wire form progresses through a transfer press system. However, it is fully contemplated that the wire form can be bent by other means. Moreover, it is understood that the bending operation can precede the reducing and/or collaring steps in the process.",
121
+ "Finally, once the latch wire 28 is formed, it is then attached to the cross member 30. Any known method in the art for attaching can be utilized, such as welding or orbital peening, or the like. The advantages of manufacturing the latch wire 28 include providing reinforcement, strength and rigidity to the latch wire 28 under bending and tensile loads, while maintaining the 6 mm industry standard diameter latch bar 46. The larger diameter wire form found in the tapered portions 48 and the end portions 50 provide the necessary structural reinforcement, while the reducing operation shapes the latch bar 46 to meet the industry criteria.",
122
+ "Referring now to FIG. 4, an alternate aspect of the latch wire 28 of the latch restraint and anchorage system of the present invention is illustrated. Similar elements retain the same reference numerals, whereas different elements are assigned different reference numerals. The latch wire 28 maintains all general features and advantages previously described. Here, latch wire 28 includes a pair of spatially separated legs 44 joined at one end by an integral transverse latch bar 46. The latch bar 46 provides the continuous 6 mm diameter striking surface standardized by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The latch mechanism 38 of the child safety seat (not shown) latches onto the latch bar 46, securing the child safety seat to the vehicle.",
123
+ "Each leg 44 of the latch wire 28 includes a tapered portion 48 and an end portion 50. It is understood that tapered for purposes of this invention means a section of the leg 44 that is wider at one end than at the other. The tapered portion 48 has a base 52 designating the area of the tapered portion having the largest diameter. The tapered portion 48 expands from near the latch bar 46 wherein the diameter is equivalent to that of the latch bar 46 towards the base 52. The tapered portion 48 may be conical or parabolic in shape.",
124
+ "The end portion 50 has a generally continuous diameter extending from the base 52 towards the end of the leg 44 opposite that of the latch bar 46. In the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the diameter of the end portion 50 is sized approximately equal to the 6 mm industry standard of latch bar 46. Moreover, a shoulder 56 may be formed on each leg 44 by the engagement of the end portion 50 to the base 52 using manufacturing methods described above. Shoulder 56 provides a surface for mating engagement with the cross member (not shown). As in FIG. 3, second collar 55 is illustrated in phantom to show that it may be formed after latch wire 28 is attached to the cross member to prevent the latch wire 28 from being disengaged from the cross member.",
125
+ "The method of manufacturing the latch wire illustrated in FIG. 4 varies from the method outlined for the latch wire in FIG. 3. For example, the continuous diameter wire form is selected to meet the 6 mm industry standard for the retention zone of the latch wire 28. The wire form is then cut to the desired length. Since the wire form is selected to meet the industry standard diameter, a reducing process is unnecessary. Rather, the tapered portions 48 are formed by an expanding process which gradually expands the diameter of the wire form in preselected locations from its original diameter to its end diameter represented by the base 52. Such an expansion process generates a continuous integral cone shape, as shown in FIG. 4. It is understood that a continuous integral paraboloid may also be formed by expanding the wire form.",
126
+ "The tapered portions 48 may be formed by a cold heading process wherein the wire form is sequentially driven into a mold cavity to expand the wire form. The number of steps required to obtain the desired shape of the tapered portion 48 may vary. Ultimately, tapering is achieved to provide one end of the tapered portion 48 having a diameter greater than that of the other end. It is to be understood that any known process in the art for expanding is fully within the scope of this invention. The end portions 50 maintain the industry standard diameter of the preselected wire form, and therefore are not expanded.",
127
+ "If desired, the wire form, once tapered, may undergo a collaring or shouldering process by which the shoulder 56 is formed from the intersection between the base 52 of the tapered portion 48 and the end portion 50. In a particular aspect of the invention, a smooth surface can be formed on the base 52 in a mechanical die press generating the shoulder 56. Shoulder 56 is shaped to correspond to a mating surface of the cross member 30. For example, shoulder 56 can be shaped to correspond to a round surface or a flat surface of the cross member 30.",
128
+ "Next, the wire form undergoes the bending operation similar to the process previously described above. The wire form is generally bent at or near the narrowest end of the tapered portion 48 forming the pair of spatially separated legs 44, thereby forming the latch wire 28. The wire form may undergo additional bending as necessary to position the latch wire 28 into the channel 31 between the seat cushion 32 and backrest 34. Again, it is understood that the bending operation could precede the expanding and/or collaring operation. Once the latch wire 28 is formed, it is attached to the cross member 30 to form the anchorage 20. The attachment is achieved by any known method for attaching in the art, such as welding or orbital peening, or the like.",
129
+ "While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention."
130
+ ],
131
+ "citations": [
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+ "1647992",
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+ "2583806",
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+ "3705738",
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+ "6000737",
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+ "6108894",
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+ "6155618",
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+ "6193310",
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+ "6234572",
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+ "6276754",
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+ "6334649",
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+ "6354648",
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+ "6361115",
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+ "6485055",
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+ "6499786",
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+ "6554357",
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+ "6698080",
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+ "2002/0008416",
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+ "2002/0011505",
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+ "2004/0080194",
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+ "43390/79",
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+ "0 694 436",
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+ "1 197 378",
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+ "1 336 530",
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+ "2001225681",
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+ "2002211287",
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+ "WO 03/070510"
172
+ ],
173
+ "us_classification": "29514",
174
+ "international_classifications": [
175
+ {
176
+ "classification_level": "A",
177
+ "section": "B",
178
+ "classification_class": "23",
179
+ "subclass": "P",
180
+ "main_group": "11",
181
+ "subgroup": "00"
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ }
json_patents/06983527.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Gripping unit for automated machining of parts, and machining device and process integrating such a unit",
3
+ "abstract": "Gripping unit for automated machining of parts and device and process integrating such a unit.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Lanvin"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983527",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Airbus France"
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A Gripping unit capable of being transferred between at least one machine tool and at least one loading unloading station, to enable automated machining of at least one part, the gripping unit comprising a pallet and at least one gripping means for gripping the said part, mounted on the pallet and characterized in that it also comprises a first orientation means by which the gripping means are mounted on the pallet, control means capable of activating the first orientation means in response to control signals output from the machine tool, bearing means mounted on the pallet through a second orientation means, and at least one frame fixed on the pallet and a rotating plate mounted on the frame and forming the first and second orientation means, the gripping means being installed on the rotating plate.",
16
+ "components": []
17
+ },
18
+ {
19
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
20
+ "preamble": "2. Gripping unit according to claim 1 , in which the control means are also capable of activating the gripping means.",
21
+ "components": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
25
+ "preamble": "3. Gripping unit according to claim 1 , in which the bearing means comprise at least one surface that can be applied onto the part, the said surface being made of a material capable of absorbing vibrations.",
26
+ "components": []
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
30
+ "preamble": "4. Gripping unit according to claim 1 , in which the second orientation means comprise a rotating arm mounted on the pallet.",
31
+ "components": []
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
35
+ "preamble": "5. Gripping unit according to claim 1 , in which the at least one gripping means are interchangeable.",
36
+ "components": []
37
+ },
38
+ {
39
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
40
+ "preamble": "6. Gripping unit according to claim 1 , in which the control means are connected to a communication bus capable of transmitting the control signals.",
41
+ "components": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
45
+ "preamble": "7. Gripping unit according to claim 6 , in which the communication bus is a wireless communication bus.",
46
+ "components": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
50
+ "preamble": "8. Gripping unit according to claim 1 , also comprising at least one onboard energy reserve.",
51
+ "components": []
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
55
+ "preamble": "9. Gripping unit according to claim 8 , in which the energy reserve is capable of supplying a quantity of energy necessary for complete machining of an arbitrary part to be machined on the machine tool.",
56
+ "components": []
57
+ },
58
+ {
59
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
60
+ "preamble": "10. Gripping unit according to claim 1 , in which the gripping unit means are capable of applying a tension force onto the part, to modify its natural frequency.",
61
+ "components": []
62
+ },
63
+ {
64
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
65
+ "preamble": "11. Gripping unit according to claim 10 , in which means of detecting vibrations are installed on at least one of the gripping means.",
66
+ "components": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
70
+ "preamble": "12. Gripping unit according to claim 11 , in which the signals output by the vibration detection means are transmitted to the control means that regulate the tension force exerted on the part in order to minimize the said vibrations.",
71
+ "components": []
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
75
+ "preamble": "13. Gripping unit according to claim 1 , in which the control means are placed in at least one sealed box.",
76
+ "components": []
77
+ },
78
+ {
79
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
80
+ "preamble": "14. Gripping unit according to claim 13 , in which the sealed box is provided with heat dissipation means.",
81
+ "components": []
82
+ },
83
+ {
84
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
85
+ "preamble": "15. A gripping unit according to claim 1 , further comprising:",
86
+ "components": [
87
+ {
88
+ "component": "a pallet adapted to be transferred between at least one machine tool capable of supplying control signals and at least one loading unloading station and adapted to be fixed on a plate of machine tool, to enable automated machining of at least one part mounted on said gripping unit,",
89
+ "subcomponents": []
90
+ },
91
+ {
92
+ "component": "said pallet having:",
93
+ "subcomponents": [
94
+ "a gripping means for gripping said part;",
95
+ "a first orientation means by which the gripping means are mounted on the pallet;",
96
+ "a bearing means for bearing on said part;",
97
+ "a second orientation means by which the bearing means are mounted on the pallet; and",
98
+ "a control means for activating said first and second orientation means in response to said control signals supplied by said machine tool."
99
+ ]
100
+ },
101
+ {
102
+ "component": "a gripping means for gripping said part;",
103
+ "subcomponents": []
104
+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "component": "a first orientation means by which the gripping means are mounted on the pallet;",
107
+ "subcomponents": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "component": "a bearing means for bearing on said part;",
111
+ "subcomponents": []
112
+ },
113
+ {
114
+ "component": "a second orientation means by which the bearing means are mounted on the pallet; and",
115
+ "subcomponents": []
116
+ },
117
+ {
118
+ "component": "a control means for activating said first and second orientation means in response to said control signals supplied by said machine tool.",
119
+ "subcomponents": []
120
+ }
121
+ ]
122
+ },
123
+ {
124
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
125
+ "preamble": "16. A Gripping unit capable of being transferred between at least one machine tool and at least one loading unloading station, to enable automated machining of at least one part, the gripping unit comprising a pallet and at least one gripping means for gripping the said part, mounted on the pallet and characterized in that it also comprises a first orientation means by which the gripping means are mounted on the pallet, control means capable of activating the first orientation means in response to control signals output from the machine tool, bearing means mounted on the pallet through a second orientation means, and first connection means automatically connected to second connection means mounted on the machine tool when the gripping unit is fitted in the machine tool.",
126
+ "components": []
127
+ },
128
+ {
129
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
130
+ "preamble": "17. Gripping unit according to claim 16 , also comprising third connection means, said third connection means being connected firstly to the first connection means and secondly to the first and second orientation means and to the control means.",
131
+ "components": []
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
135
+ "preamble": "18. Gripping unit according to claim 16 , in which the control means are also capable of activating the gripping means.",
136
+ "components": []
137
+ },
138
+ {
139
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
140
+ "preamble": "19. Gripping unit according to claim 16 , in which the bearing means comprise at least one surface that can be applied onto the part, the said surface being made of a material capable of absorbing vibrations.",
141
+ "components": []
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
145
+ "preamble": "20. Gripping unit according to claim 16 , in which the second orientation means comprise a rotating arm mounted on the pallet.",
146
+ "components": []
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00021",
150
+ "preamble": "21. Gripping unit according to claim 16 , in which the at least one gripping means are interchangeable.",
151
+ "components": []
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00022",
155
+ "preamble": "22. Gripping unit according to claim 16 , in which the control means are connected to a communication bus capable of transmitting the control signals.",
156
+ "components": []
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00023",
160
+ "preamble": "23. Gripping unit according to claim 22 , in which the communication bus is a wireless communication bus.",
161
+ "components": []
162
+ },
163
+ {
164
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00024",
165
+ "preamble": "24. Gripping unit according to claim 16 , also comprising at least one onboard energy reserve.",
166
+ "components": []
167
+ },
168
+ {
169
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00025",
170
+ "preamble": "25. Gripping unit according to claim 24 , in which the energy reserve is capable of supplying a quantity of energy necessary for complete machining of an arbitrary part to be machined on the machine tool.",
171
+ "components": []
172
+ },
173
+ {
174
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00026",
175
+ "preamble": "26. Gripping unit according to claim 16 , in which the gripping unit means are capable of applying a tension force onto the part, to modify its natural frequency.",
176
+ "components": []
177
+ },
178
+ {
179
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00027",
180
+ "preamble": "27. Gripping unit according to claim 26 , in which means of detecting vibrations are installed on at least one of the gripping means.",
181
+ "components": []
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00028",
185
+ "preamble": "28. Gripping unit according to claim 27 , in which the signals output by the vibration detection means are transmitted to the control means that regulate the tension force exerted on the part in order to minimize the said vibrations.",
186
+ "components": []
187
+ },
188
+ {
189
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00029",
190
+ "preamble": "29. Gripping unit according to claim 16 , in which the control means are placed in at least one sealed box.",
191
+ "components": []
192
+ },
193
+ {
194
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00030",
195
+ "preamble": "30. Gripping unit according to claim 29 , in which the sealed box is provided with heat dissipation means.",
196
+ "components": []
197
+ },
198
+ {
199
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00031",
200
+ "preamble": "31. Gripping unit according to claim 16 , further comprising:",
201
+ "components": [
202
+ {
203
+ "component": "a pallet adapted to be transferred between at least one machine tool capable of supplying control signals and at least one loading unloading station and adapted to be fixed on a plate of machine tool, to enable automated machining of at least one part mounted on said gripping unit,",
204
+ "subcomponents": []
205
+ },
206
+ {
207
+ "component": "said pallet having:",
208
+ "subcomponents": [
209
+ "a gripping means for gripping said part;",
210
+ "a first orientation means by which the gripping means are mounted on the pallet;",
211
+ "a bearing means for bearing on said part;",
212
+ "a second orientation means by which the bearing means are mounted on the pallet; and",
213
+ "a control means for activating said first and second orientation means in response to said control signals supplied by said machine tool."
214
+ ]
215
+ },
216
+ {
217
+ "component": "a gripping means for gripping said part;",
218
+ "subcomponents": []
219
+ },
220
+ {
221
+ "component": "a first orientation means by which the gripping means are mounted on the pallet;",
222
+ "subcomponents": []
223
+ },
224
+ {
225
+ "component": "a bearing means for bearing on said part;",
226
+ "subcomponents": []
227
+ },
228
+ {
229
+ "component": "a second orientation means by which the bearing means are mounted on the pallet; and",
230
+ "subcomponents": []
231
+ },
232
+ {
233
+ "component": "a control means for activating said first and second orientation means in response to said control signals supplied by said machine tool.",
234
+ "subcomponents": []
235
+ }
236
+ ]
237
+ }
238
+ ],
239
+ "description": [
240
+ "This application claims priority based on FRENCH application serial no. No 01-15262, entitled \u201cGRIPPING UNIT FOR AUTOMATED MACHINING OF PARTS, AND MACHINING DEVICE AND PROCESS INTEGRATING SUCH A UNIT\u201d by Inventor LANVIN, Herve filed on 26 Nov. 2001.",
241
+ "1. Technical Domain",
242
+ "The main purpose of the invention is a gripping unit used to transfer a mechanical part to be machined between at least one machine tool and at least one loading unloading station, to enable automated machining of the said part on each of its faces without the need for action by an operator during the machining.",
243
+ "The invention also relates to a machining device integrating at least one gripping unit of this type, at least one machining machine and at least one loading unloading station.",
244
+ "The invention also relates to a machining process that could be used by such a device.",
245
+ "2. State of the Art",
246
+ "Normally, when a part has to be machined in a machine tool, an operator can put it into position in a specific gripping tool, directly fixed onto the plate of the machine tool. A relative long stoppage of the machine is necessary to put the tooling into place and to adjust it, which reduces productivity. This productivity reduction is particularly severe because the part usually needs to be turned over to be able to machine all the faces of the part. Furthermore, when the part is being turned over, the gripping tool sometimes needs to be replaced by another tool better adapted to the new orientation of the part.",
247
+ "Document FR-A-2 691 659 describes a gripping tool with a modular design, used to put the part into place and to adjust the orientation outside the machine tool, for example at a loading station. The gripping tool comprises a sole plate, in other words a pallet composed of a rectangular plate designed to be fixed on the plate of the machine tool. A vertical body fixed to this pallet can be fitted with at least one gripping module. This gripping module is chosen from among different modules (vices, grips, etc.), that can be interchanged with each other depending on the part to be machined.",
248
+ "The part to be machined is put into place on the gripping module in a loading station outside the machine. The operator selects the gripping module so as to clamp the part in the required position. Consequently, the loading station supplies hydraulic fluid to the gripping module under pressure. The gripping module comprises a reservoir of pressurized hydraulic fluid to keep the part clamped in place during the waiting and transfer phases between the loading station and the machine tool.",
249
+ "The gripping tool proposed in document FR-A2 691 659 is used to put parts into position in advance, without requiring a long stoppage of the machine. However, when the part must be turned over to machine some of its faces, the gripping tool must be brought to the loading station so that an operator can turn the part over, and if necessary replace the gripping module. This is penalizing in terms of productivity and the manufacturing time for the part. The machine tool is stopped while the tooling is removed and put back into place. Furthermore, action by an operator is necessary.",
250
+ "The main purpose of the invention is a gripping unit with an innovative design such that all faces of a mechanical part can be machined in an automated manner without the need for any action by an operator or return to a loading station.",
251
+ "According to the invention, this objective is achieved by means of a gripping unit that can be transferred between at least one machine tool and at least one loading unloading station, to enable automated machining of at least one part, the gripping unit comprising a pallet and means of gripping the said part, mounted on the pallet, and being characterized in that it also comprises orientation means used to mount the gripping means on the pallet, control means capable of actuating the orientation means in response to control signals output from the machine tool, and bearing means installed on the pallet by other orientation means.",
252
+ "In this type of gripping unit, the instrumentation control device in particular checks the position and movements of orientation means by which the gripping means are mounted on the pallet. This check is made locally and independently, as a function of set points originating from the machine tool. Therefore, the part can be machined on each of its faces in sequence without it being necessary to return the gripping unit to the loading unloading station. Complete automated machining is thus possible without increasing the workload carried out by the control device installed on the machine tool.",
253
+ "In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the control means are also capable of actuating gripping means. Thus, the block of material to be machined can be clamped and the machined part can be disassembled automatically at the loading unloading station.",
254
+ "According to this preferred embodiment, at least one frame is fixed on the pallet and a rotary plate is installed on the frame and forms the orientation means. The gripping means are then installed on the rotary plate.",
255
+ "The support means preferably include at least one surface that might be applied on the part, the said surface being made of a material that absorbs vibrations. Furthermore, the other orientation means comprise another rotary arm installed on the pallet.",
256
+ "In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the gripping means are interchangeable.",
257
+ "Advantageously, the pallet comprises a part free to move in rotation about an axis perpendicular to a face of the pallet with the larger surface area, the gripping means being mounted on the said mobile part. This arrangement gives an additional degree of orientation, which in some cases facilitates machining of all faces of the block of material.",
258
+ "In one particular embodiment, the gripping unit also comprises first connection means that can be automatically connected to the two connection means mounted on the machine tool when the modular unit is fitted into the machine tool.",
259
+ "Advantageously, the modular unit then includes third connection means connected firstly to the first connection means and secondly to the orientation means and control means.",
260
+ "In general, the control means are preferably connected to a communication bus capable of transmitting the control signals. This solution has the advantage that it only requires the exchange of a very limited number of signals between the control means and the machine tool. Advantageously, the communication bus then uses a wireless link.",
261
+ "In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the gripping unit also comprises at least one onboard energy reserve. This energy reserve at least clamps the block of material to be machined in the gripping means, during transfers of the gripping unit between the loading unloading station and the machine tool, when the said gripping means have to be permanently powered.",
262
+ "In this case, the energy reserve may be sized to supply the quantity of energy necessary for complete machining of an arbitrary part on the machine tool.",
263
+ "According to a preferred improvement of the invention, the gripping means may exert a tension force on the part, to modify its natural frequency and thus limit vibrations of the part during machining.",
264
+ "Preferably, vibration detection means are then installed on at least one of the gripping means. Signals output by vibration detection means are then advantageously transmitted to control means that regulate the tension force exerted on the part, to minimize its vibrations.",
265
+ "Furthermore, the control means may be placed in at least one airtight box that can protect them from any aggressions that may be applied to them when the part is machined on the machine tool. Heat extraction means are then installed on the box if necessary.",
266
+ "Another purpose of the invention is a part machining device, comprising at least one gripping unit like that described above, at least one machine-tool on which the gripping unit is held, at least one loading unloading station in which then gripping unit will be held, and means capable of transporting energy to the gripping unit, in which each machine tool also comprises second control means capable of sending the said control signals, and signal transmission means are provided to transmit the said control signals between the control means for the gripping unit and the second control means, when the gripping unit is held on the machine tool.",
267
+ "Another purpose of the invention is a process for machining parts using a device like that described above, comprising the following phases :\n\n \n \n a design phase consisting of defining successive orientations of a part in the machine tool and machining sequences specific to each of these orientations:\n a manufacturing phase comprising the following steps:\n \n placement of the gripping unit at the loading unloading station;\n placement of gripping means on the gripping unit;\n placement of a block of material to be machined on the gripping unit and clamping of the said block by the gripping means;\n transfer and placement of the gripping unit on the machine tool;\n orientation of the said block in a first of the predefined orientations, when acted upon by orientation means controlled by the gripping unit control means at the request of the second control means;\n execution of machining sequences corresponding to this first position;\n repetition of the block orientation and machining sequence execution steps as many times as necessary, in accordance with the design phase, until the part is completed;\n transfer of the gripping unit to the loading unloading station;\n loosening and unloading the part.",
268
+ "We will now describe the different embodiments of the invention as illustrative and non-restrictive examples, with reference to the attached drawings in which:",
269
+ "FIG. 1 is a front view that diagrammatically shows a machining device integrating a gripping unit conform with the invention;",
270
+ "FIG. 2 is a perspective view that shows a first embodiment of a gripping unit conform with the invention, and gripping of a block of material to be machined, in more detail;",
271
+ "FIG. 3 is a perspective view comparable to FIG. 2, illustrating a second embodiment of a gripping unit conform with the invention, and on which there is no part; and",
272
+ "FIG. 4 shows the gripping unit in FIG. 3 while machining is taking place, seen from the side opposite to the side used in FIG. 3.",
273
+ "As illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 1, a device for machining parts conform with the invention comprises at least one gripping unit 10 capable of gripping one or several parts to be machined, at least one machine tool 12 designed to hold the gripping unit in order to do programmed machining of the part, and at least one loading unloading station capable of holding the gripping unit, in particular so that the part can be loaded and unloaded.",
274
+ "In the simplest configuration diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 1, the device comprises a single gripping unit 10, a single machine tool 12 and a single loading unloading station 14 used both for loading the material block to be machined and for unloading the machined part.",
275
+ "On the other hand, the invention also relates to a \u201cmachining center\u201d type device, including several machine tools, one or several gripping units, one or several loading-unloading stations and at least one device for conveying gripping units between the loading unloading station(s) and the different machines.",
276
+ "The device according to the invention may also have any intermediate configuration between these two extreme configurations. Thus, in particular the blocks of material to be machined can be loaded and machined parts can be unloaded at different stations, usually similar to each other. For simplification purposes, these two stations are called \u201cloading unloading stations\u201d throughout the rest of the text.",
277
+ "As can also be seen in FIG. 1, the gripping unit 10 comprises a pallet 16 that is in the form of a plate, preferably made of metal.",
278
+ "In the embodiment diagrammatically shown in FIG. 1, the plate forming the pallet 16 is a monoblock plate.",
279
+ "In one variant embodiment not shown, the pallet 16 may also comprise a lower part and an upper part free to move in rotation on the lower part, about an axis perpendicular to the face of the pallet with the largest surface area, in this case its horizontal top face. The lower part is then designed to be fixed in place on the plate 44 of the machine tool 12 by any appropriate means. In the case shown in which the largest face of the pallet is horizontal, the rotation axis of the upper part is vertical.",
280
+ "The pallet 16 acts as a support to gripping means 18, which are usually associated with bearing means 20. These means 18 and 20 are interchangeable and adapted to the part to be machined.",
281
+ "The gripping means 18 and the bearing means 20 may in particular be composed of vices, grips, etc. In case of bearing means 20, it may also consist of specific means with at least one area that bears on the part being machined, in order to absorb and therefore to limit vibrations of the part that could be caused by machining it. In some cases, the bearing surface of the bearing means 20 may be made from a soft material or a material with good vibration absorption capacity such as rubber.",
282
+ "In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the gripping means 18 is mounted on a rotary plate 22 supported by a frame 24 fixed on the plate forming the pallet 16. More precisely, the axis of rotation of the plate 22 in this case is parallel to the top face (in this case horizontal) of the said plate. However, this arrangement is only given as an example, the nature and the possibilities of orientation of the gripping means 18 being chosen as a function of the specific characteristics of the part to be machined.",
283
+ "Similarly, in the embodiment illustrated as an example in FIG. 1, the bearing means 20 are mounted on the plate forming the pallet 16 through a rotary arm 26 capable of being pivoted about an axis parallel to the top face (in this case horizontal) of the said plate, this pivoting axis in this case being orthogonal to the axis or rotation of the plate 24.",
284
+ "The rotary plate 22 and the rotary arm 26 thus form orientation means for gripping means 18 and for bearing means 20. Obviously, the number of gripping means 18 and bearing means 20 (if any) depends on the shape and dimensions of the part to be machined.",
285
+ "The pallet 16 also supports the first control means 28. These control means 28 are connected to actuators (not shown) of orientation means composed of the rotary plate 22 and the rotary arm 26 in the embodiment shown. They are usually also connected to actuators (not shown) of gripping means 18 and bearing means 20.",
286
+ "In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the first control means 28 are integrated in at least one sealed box 29. This box can then protect the control means from any aggression applied to it when the part is being machined in the machine tool 12 (projections of swarf, lubrication fluid, etc.). When necessary, heat dissipation means 31 such as a ventilation device or an air conditioning device, are provided in the box.",
287
+ "The actuators installed on the gripping unit 10 may be of different natures, without going outside the scope of the invention. Thus, these actuators may be controlled by a hydraulic fluid under pressure, or compressed air, a vacuum, an electrical power supply, etc.",
288
+ "In the embodiment shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, the pallet 16 is equipped with first connection means 32 designed to be automatically connected to second complementary connection means 34 for the machine tool 12. These second connection means may for example be installed on the plate 44 of the machine tool 12.",
289
+ "When they are connected, the connection means 32 and 34 firstly supply energy to actuators installed on the gripping unit 10 from energy sources available on the machine tool, and secondly control an exchange of signals between the gripping unit and the machine tool. The transmission between the machine tool 12 and the gripping unit 10 will be made through pipes and/or cables depending on the nature of the energy used.",
290
+ "More precisely, signals are transmitted between the first control means 28 installed on the gripping unit 10 and the second control means 40 installed on the machine tool 12. For example, this transmission may be made through cables 42, on the machine tool.",
291
+ "In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the pallet 16 is also equipped with third connection means 36. These third connection means 36 are connected to the first connection means 32 through lines 38 such as pipes and/or cables that transmit energies and signals. The third connection means 36 are connected to the first control means 28 and to the different actuators for example used on gripping means 18, bearing means 20, the rotary plate 22 and the rotary arm 26, in the embodiment shown. In this case, this transmission passes through lines 30 such as pipes or cables.",
292
+ "In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the gripping unit 10 comprises at least one energy reservoir 43, for example such as a reservoir of hydraulic fluid under pressure, a compressed air reservoir, a vacuum accumulator, an electrical power supply battery, etc. This arrangement enables the gripping means 18 and the bearing means 20 to continue to perform their clamping function when the gripping unit 10 is being transferred between the machine tool 12 and the loading unloading station 14, if the said clamping function requires a continuous energy supply.",
293
+ "In one variant of this preferred embodiment of the invention, the gripping unit 10 comprises onboard reservoirs for each energy used on this unit. These reservoirs are filled when the gripping unit 10 is at the loading unloading station. Their capacity is determined such that the gripping unit has sufficient energy to completely finish machining of a part. This arrangement eliminates the need for any energy transmission through the connection means 32 and 36.",
294
+ "In one preferred embodiment of the invention, signals are transmitted between the control means 28 and 40 by means of a communication bus such as a \u201cProfibus\u201d or \u201cModbus\u201d or other type of industrial field bus. This solution has the advantage that only a very limited number of signals needs to be exchanged between the control means 28 and 40. This increases reliability and reduces manufacturing costs.",
295
+ "In one variant of this embodiment, communication between the control means 28 and 40 passes through a communication bus using a wireless link, for example such as a radio or infrared or other link. This arrangement has the advantage that no signals need to be transmitted through the connection means 32 and 36.",
296
+ "When this variant is combined with the presence of a reservoir on the gripping unit 10 for each of the energies used on the gripping unit, the connection means 32 and 36 may be completely eliminated.",
297
+ "As mentioned above, the first control means 28 onboard gripping unit 10 in particular check the position and movements of the orientation means materialized by the rotating plate 22 and the rotating arm 26 in FIG. 1, as a function of setpoints output from the second control means 40 installed on the machine tool.",
298
+ "This arrangement is advantageous, since it enables use of setpoints locally and independently on the gripping unit 10, without the need for the control means 40 of the machine tool to check the orientation means. This type of control would have the disadvantage that the workload on the control means 40 would be increased, and many connections would be necessary (control signals, sensors, etc.) between these control means 40 and the orientation means materialized by the rotating plate 22 and the rotating arm 26. This would increase the manufacturing cost and the risk of failure.",
299
+ "The machine tool 12 is a high speed machining machine capable of performing machining operations, for example such as cutting, reaming, drilling, slicing operations, etc. It comprises the plate 44 on which the pallet 12 of the gripping unit 10 may be fixed. As already mentioned, the plate 44 comprises connection means 34 capable of being connected onto connection means 32 of the gripping unit 10. When they are connected, the connection means 32 and 34 supply the energies necessary to the gripping unit 10 for its operation, and transmit signals between the first control means 28 and the second control means 40. In particular, the first control means 28 may receive orders from the second control means 40.",
300
+ "Conventionally, the machine tool 12 comprises at least one tool 46 and means 48 capable of displacing, orienting and activating this tool.",
301
+ "The use of the gripping unit 10 conform with the invention modifies the position, orientation and possibly the grip of the part during machining. This thus optimizes machining conditions by applying the best possible configuration to the relative orientation between the tool and the part, regardless of the face of the part being machined.",
302
+ "More precisely, modifications to the position, orientation and possibly gripping of the part are made in the machine tool, where they are controlled by the first control means 28 of the gripping unit 10, which receives appropriate orders from the second control means 40 installed on the machine tool 12. This is very advantageous since the above mentioned operations can thus be carried out without any action by an operator and without the need to transfer the gripping unit to the loading unloading station 14. Productivity is consequently improved.",
303
+ "As can also be seen in FIG. 1, the loading unloading station 14 is equipped with at least one energy source capable of supplying energy to the gripping unit 10 when it is at this station.",
304
+ "Furthermore, the loading unloading station 14 includes third control means 50. When the gripping unit 10 is held at the loading unloading station 10, the third control means 50 are connected to the first control means 28 through connection means 32 and 36.",
305
+ "In practice, the third control means 50 are in the form of an operator dialogue desk. This desk comprises at least one display means, for example such as the screen and/or lights and at least one input means, for example such as a keyboard and/or push buttons.",
306
+ "As has already been mentioned, the machining device may also comprise one or several conveying means capable of routing each gripping unit 10 between the machine tool 12 and the loading unloading station 14.",
307
+ "Any mechanical parts can be machined using a machining device like that described above, using a machining process that will now be described.",
308
+ "Firstly, this process comprises a design phase during which a programmer defines the operational machining process. More precisely, the programmer defines the various orientations that must be applied to the block of material to be machined, and the various machining sequences corresponding to each of these orientations. In particular, these machining sequences include changes to the position and orientation of the tool, its displacements and tool changes, if any. The definition of successive orientations of the block of material to be machined consists of making changes to the orientation and/or gripping of the said block.",
309
+ "If a series of identical parts has to be produced, the design phase is common to all parts.",
310
+ "The machining process then comprises a manufacturing phase. When several identical parts have to be made, this manufacturing phase is repeated for each part.",
311
+ "During a first step in the machining process phase, a gripping unit 10 is brought to the loading unloading station 14.",
312
+ "An operator then puts gripping means 18, and possibly bearing means 20 adapted to the part to be machined such as one or several vices, grips, etc., into place on this gripping unit. These different gripping and bearing means are inter-changeable and can therefore be replaced quickly as a function of the type of part to be machined, such that this operation does not reduce productivity.",
313
+ "In a first embodiment, this operation is done entirely manually. The operator unlocks the gripping means already in place and removes them from their support by a mechanical action. He then puts the gripping means adapted to the part to be machined into place, and then locks them in position by a new mechanical action.",
314
+ "In another embodiment, the operator carries out unlocking and then locking operations on the gripping means by acting on input means on the desk forming the third control means 50, so as to formulate a request on the first control means 28. The control means 28 then control the actuators to perform the required operations.",
315
+ "The operator then positions a block of rough material from which the part to be made has to be machined, in the gripping unit 10. The position and orientation of this block correspond to the position and orientation that were defined previously during the design phase.",
316
+ "Consequently, an appropriate support may be placed on a fixed part of the gripping unit 10, such as the pallet 16, in order to position the block of material and hold it in place in this position until it is gripped by the gripping means 18. The operator then acts on the desk input means forming the third control means 50, in order to make a query to the first control means 28 to actuate the gripping means 18 and possibly the bearing means 20. The block of material can thus be clamped in the required position and orientation.",
317
+ "The gripping unit is then removed from the loading unloading station, after the energy supply line and the signal transmission line have been disconnected.",
318
+ "Depending on the scheduling and planning of workshop tasks, the gripping unit 10 may be brought either into a temporary storage area, or brought directly into the appropriate machine tool 12.",
319
+ "When the gripping unit 10 reaches the plate 44 of the machine tool 12, the pallet 16 is placed on the plate 44 and is fixed to it. The connection means 32 and 34 are then connected to make appropriate connections for energies and signals.",
320
+ "The part is then machined following sequences previously defined during the design phase. More precisely, the sequences relative to each orientation of the part are executed in turn, each sequence being followed by a change to the part orientation achieved by taking action on the orientation means and/or on the gripping means. These various operations are controlled by control means 28 of the gripping unit, in response to orders originating from control means 40 of the machine tool 12. Thus, the part can be completely machined fully automatically without returning the gripping unit to the loading unloading station, under optimum cutting and swarf removal conditions.",
321
+ "Once machining is finished, the gripping unit 10 is disconnected and removed from the machine tool 12, and is then transferred either to a waiting position, or to a loading unloading station. The loading unloading station may be but is not necessarily coincident with the station 14 assigned to loading the block of material to be machined, depending on the configuration of the workshop.",
322
+ "When the gripping unit is at the loading unloading station, an operator acts on the desk input means that materialize the third control means 50. These means then formulate a request so that the first control means 28 activate the gripping means 18 and possibly the bearing means 20, to release the part.",
323
+ "We will now describe a first embodiment of the gripping unit according to the invention, with reference to FIG. 2.",
324
+ "In this embodiment, the gripping unit 10 is arranged to machine a block of material B in an elongated and approximately parallelepiped shape. In particular, this block B may be an aluminum block.",
325
+ "As described above, the gripping unit 10 comprises a pallet 16, of which only the top rotating part is shown. In the example described, the rotating part of the pallet 16 may rotate by 285\u00b0 about a vertical axis.",
326
+ "The pallet 16 supports the fixed frame 24a of a rotating plate 22a equipped with gripping means, in this case consisting of a vice 18a. Furthermore, a second vice 18b is installed on a second rotating plate 22b supported on a mobile frame 24b. This mobile frame 14b is installed on the pallet 16 so that it can be moved towards the fixed frame 24a and moved away from it, along a direction passing through an axis common to the two rotating plates 22a and 22b, through translating means 52. The pallet 16 also supports a rotating arm 26 on which a grip 20 is installed materializing the bearing means placed between frames 24a, 24b. In the example described, the rotating plates 22a and 22b are of the \u201cReiseler\u201d AWU355 type with encoders and there are 360 000 possible positions on one turn. Vibration detecting means 25b may also be installed, for example, on the frame 24b, as illustrated in FIG. 2.",
327
+ "In this case, the first control means are located in three boxes 28a, 28b and 28c. The first box 28a may for example be assigned to the energy supply and to filters. The second box 28b in particular contains a programmable logic controller, an interface with a \u201cProfibus\u201d type communication bus, and regulation cards. For example, the third box 28c is a hydropneumatic box particularly containing solenoid valves.",
328
+ "The gripping unit 10 in FIG. 2 communicates with the control means 40 of the machine tool 12 (FIG. 1) through a \u201cProfibus\u201d type communication network.",
329
+ "The translation means 52 can be used to adjust the relative position of the rotating plate 22b with respect to the rotating plate 22a, so that the block of material B in which the part is machined is firmly gripped between vices 18a and 18b.",
330
+ "When the gripping unit that has been described with reference to FIG. 2 is transferred to the loading unloading station 14, an operator puts the vices 18a and 18b into place on the rotating plates 22a and 22b and the clamp 20 into place on the rotating arm 26.",
331
+ "The operator then adjusts the position of frame 24b supporting the vice 18b in translation, such that the distance between the vices 18a and 18b is compatible with the length of the block of material B to be machined. This adjustment is made by adjusting the control means 50 of the loading unloading station 14 on the desk, the said desk being connected to the logic controller contained in the box 28b on the gripping unit.",
332
+ "The operator also adjusts the positions of the plates 22a and 22b in rotation, and consequently the position of the vices 18a and 18b so that the block of material B can be placed between the said vices such that they are correctly aligned and do not create any torsion when the block of material is then clamped in the vices.",
333
+ "The operator then puts a support (not shown) into place on the pallet 16. He then has the block of material B on the said support and positions it such that its ends are placed between the jaws of the vices 18a and 18b. By acting on the desk materializing the control means 50, the operator activates the jaws of the vices in order to clamp the block of material B. This block of material is then held in position by vices 18a and 18b and the operator can remove the previously mentioned support.",
334
+ "The gripping unit 10 is then conveyed to the machine tool 12. The gripping unit 10 may also be transferred to a temporary storage area while waiting to be routed to the machine tool, depending on the scheduling of tasks in the workshop.",
335
+ "In the machine tool, the block of material to be machined is presented in front of tool 46 in a position to give the best cutting and swarf evacuation conditions. Consequently, the control means 40 of the machine tool 12 can send a change position or change orientation order for the block of material B to the logic controller contained in the box 28b, through the \u201cProfibus\u201d network.",
336
+ "This position or orientation change may be obtained by ordering a rotation of the top part of the pallet 16 and/or simultaneous rotation of plates 22a and 22b. These plates must be activated so as to avoid generating torsion on the block of material. Consequently, a first solution consists of driving the two plates in rotation synchronously. Another solution consists of only applying a motor drive to one of the plates, the second plate being free in rotation.",
337
+ "As already mentioned, a tension force may be applied to the block of material B being machined. This force is then applied along the longitudinal axis of the said block, by taking action on the displacement device 52. The resonant frequency of the material block B is thus modified so as to limit the vibrations.",
338
+ "Once the position has been changed, the logic controller contained in the box 28b sends a message to the control means 40 of the machine tool 12 through the \u201cProfibus\u201d network in order to inform it that this operation has been completed. The control means 40 can then control execution of the following machining steps.",
339
+ "In this way, the part held in place by vices 18a and 18b can be machined on all its faces. Thus, the end faces of the part, approximately perpendicular to the axis of rotation common to plates 22a and 22b, may be machined provided that tabs are left between the said part and the portions of the material block clamped between the jaws of vices 18a and 18b. These tabs may be sawn after the part is disassembled at the loading unloading station. They may also be cut by an appropriate tool on the machine tool, the finished part then being picked up by the clamp 20 located at the end of the rotating arm 26. The finished part is then held in position by clamp 20 and residues from the ends of the block B are held in position by clamps 18a and 18b.",
340
+ "Once machining is finished, the gripping unit is taken out of the machine tool 12 and is transferred to the initial loading unloading station or to another similar station. An operator then controls release of the part using gripping means 18a, 18b or 20. Consequently, he makes a request to the logic controller contained in the box 28b, by taking action on the desk that materializes the control means 50.",
341
+ "We will now describe a second embodiment of the gripping unit according to the invention, with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.",
342
+ "In this embodiment, the gripping unit 10\u2032 is arranged to machine a block of material B\u2032 in the form of an approximately flat plate, to make a part such as a frame for an aircraft windshield.",
343
+ "As illustrated particularly in FIG. 3, the gripping unit 10\u2032 comprises a pallet 16 supporting the frame 24 of a rotating plate 22 on which gripping means 18\u2032 are installed. The pallet 16 also supports two gripping arms 26a and 26b on which clamps 20a and 20b are installed, and three boxes 28a, 28b and 28c in which the control means are fitted, in the same way as in the embodiment described above with reference to FIG. 2. As before, the gripping unit 10\u2032 communicates with the control means 40 of the machine tool 12 through a \u201cProfibus\u201d network.",
344
+ "The gripping means 18\u2032 are in the form of eight pins D1 to D8 distributed on a circle centered on the axis of the rotating plate 22, to project on the front face of the said plate. More precisely, the diametrically opposite pins D1 and D2 are rods fixed to the rotating plate 22. The diametrically opposite pins D3 and D4 are gripping pins that can move parallel to the axis of the rotating plate 22. Each of the pins comprises an expansion mandrel installed on a jack rod, to achieve this. Finally, pins D5 to D8 are fixed gripping jacks, in other words they each comprise an expansion mandrel installed on a rod fixed to the rotating plate 22.",
345
+ "Eight holes are drilled in the central part of the plate forming the block of material B\u2032 to be machined, arranged in the same way as the eight pins D1 to D8.",
346
+ "When the gripping unit 10\u2032 is at the loading unloading station 14, an operator puts the pins D1 to D8 forming the gripping means 18\u2032 into place on the rotating plate 22. He also puts the clamps 20a and 20b into place on the rotating arms 26a and 26b.",
347
+ "The operator then puts the block of material B\u2032 into position on the gripping means 18\u2032, by inserting pins D1 to D8 into the holes formed in the said block. The fixed pins D1 and D2 then act as guides.",
348
+ "The operator then controls expansion of the mandrels installed on pins D3 and D4 in the corresponding holes of the block of material B\u2032, in order to hold this block in position. He does this on the desk materializing the control means 50 of the loading unloading station 14, the said desk being connected to the control means of the gripping units 10\u2032.",
349
+ "The operator then controls withdrawal of the two jacks installed on pins D3 and D4, to force the material block B\u2032 into contact with the rotating plate 22, to give better support. Advantageously, sensors detect that the block of material is actually in firm contact with the plate. The mandrels of the four other pins D5 to D8 are then expanded in their corresponding holes in order to complete gripping of the material block B\u2032.",
350
+ "The operator then controls conveying of the gripping unit 10\u2032 towards the machine tool or to a temporary storage area, as was described above with reference to FIG. 2.",
351
+ "In the machine tool, the part is presented in front of tool 46 in a position used to obtain the best cutting and swarf evacuation conditions. As in the previous embodiment, this is achieved by the control means 40 of the machine tool 12 sending an order to change position or change orientation of the material block to the logic controller contained in the box 28b, through the \u201cProfibus\u201d network. The position or orientation change may be made by controlling rotation of the top part of the pallet 16 and/or rotating the plate 22 on which pins D1 to D8 are installed. Action can also be taken on the rotating arms 26a and 26b, in order to obtain a good grip of the block of material to minimize vibrations.",
352
+ "Once the position and/or orientation change has been made, the logic controller contained in the box 28b sends a message to the control means 40 of the machine tool 12, through the \u201cProfibus\u201d network in order to inform the machine tool that this operation is complete. The control means 40 of the machine tool 12 can then control the actual machining steps.",
353
+ "A first step of the machining preferably consists of making a set of tenons T\u2032 around the periphery of the plate forming the block of material B\u2032 to be machined. These tenons T\u2032 are designed to enable a better grip of the said block by clamps 20a and 20b later on. While the tenons T\u2032 are being machined, the block of material B\u2032 is held only by the gripping means 18\u2032.",
354
+ "The block of material B\u2032 can then be machined on all its faces, and it can be gripped by pins D1 to D8 and by clamps 20a and 20b.",
355
+ "Tabs of material P are left in place between the central unmachined part fixed to the plate 22 and the part itself as shown in FIG. 4, so that the block B\u2032 can be oriented in rotation for as long as possible using the rotating plate 22 and to minimize deformations during machining. These tabs P may be cut using an appropriate tool, on the machine tool 12, once machining is finished. The tabs P can also be cut later, once the part has been removed from the gripping unit.",
356
+ "Similarly, the tabs P\u2032 are also left between the tenons T\u2032 and the part, so that the part can be held in place by clamps 20a and 20b. These tabs P\u2032 are cut after the part has been removed from the gripping unit.",
357
+ "When machining is finished, the gripping unit is taken out of the machine tool and is conveyed to the first loading unloading station or to another station similar to the first loading unloading station. An operator then controls releasing the part using the gripping means 18\u2032, 20a and 20b. He does this by making a request to the logic controller installed in box 28b, by taking action on the desk that materializes the control means 50. Advantageously, the above mentioned logic controller controls ejectors that facilitate evacuation of the central unmachined part of block B\u2032, held in place by gripping means 18\u2032."
358
+ ],
359
+ "citations": [
360
+ "4291388",
361
+ "4495780",
362
+ "4987834",
363
+ "5213192",
364
+ "5412863",
365
+ "5582397",
366
+ "5781983",
367
+ "6228007",
368
+ "6594765",
369
+ "2003/0200060",
370
+ "2 065 026"
371
+ ],
372
+ "us_classification": "29563",
373
+ "international_classifications": [
374
+ {
375
+ "classification_level": "A",
376
+ "section": "B",
377
+ "classification_class": "23",
378
+ "subclass": "Q",
379
+ "main_group": "7",
380
+ "subgroup": "00"
381
+ }
382
+ ]
383
+ }
json_patents/06983528.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Stator winding method for a brushless direct-current motor",
3
+ "abstract": "A method for winding a stator for a brushless direct current motor, which has a stator body (",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "M\u00fcller",
6
+ "Peter",
7
+ "Wilkendorf"
8
+ ],
9
+ "document_number": "06983528",
10
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
11
+ "assignees": [
12
+ "TRW Automotive Electronics & Components GmbH & Co. KG"
13
+ ],
14
+ "claims": [
15
+ {
16
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
17
+ "preamble": "1. A method for winding a stator of a brushless direct current motor having a stator body with a pre-determined number of stator teeth, wherein the stator teeth are respectively wound with two coils which are magnetically coupled and which permit the generation of opposite magnetic fields by the supply of current with variable directional orientation, and wherein each of the two coils comprises a predetermined number of conductors, the method comprising the steps of:",
18
+ "components": [
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "a) simultaneously winding each of the two coils onto said stator teeth in several partial winding steps with an even number of 2n conductors, allocating a first set of n conductors of the 2n conductors to a first coil of said two coils and allocating the other set of n conductors of the 2n conductors to a second coil of said two coils; and,",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "component": "b) repeating step a) until the predetermined number of conductors per coil has been reached.",
25
+ "subcomponents": []
26
+ }
27
+ ]
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
31
+ "preamble": "2. A coil winding method for winding a predetermined number of conductors to form a set of magnetically coupled coil pairs on a plurality of stator teeth of a stator body in a motor, each set of coil pairs generating opposing magnetic fields in the plurality of stator teeth, the coil winding method comprising the steps of:",
32
+ "components": [
33
+ {
34
+ "component": "in a first partial coil winding step, simultaneously winding 2n conductors together onto a first plurality of stator teeth of said stator body, a first group n",
35
+ "subcomponents": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "component": "repeating said simultaneous winding of said 2n conductors until said predetermined number of conductors are wound onto said first plurality of stator teeth to form a first magnetically coupled coil pair of said set of magnetically coupled coil pairs.",
39
+ "subcomponents": []
40
+ }
41
+ ]
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
45
+ "preamble": "3. The method according to claim 2 further including:",
46
+ "components": [
47
+ {
48
+ "component": "winding said predetermined number of conductors on a second plurality of stator teeth of said stator body in said motor to form a second magnetically coupled coil pair of said set of magnetically coupled coil pairs.",
49
+ "subcomponents": []
50
+ }
51
+ ]
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
55
+ "preamble": "4. The method according to claim 3 wherein the step of winding said predetermined number of conductors on said second plurality of stator teeth includes the steps of:",
56
+ "components": [
57
+ {
58
+ "component": "e) in a second partial coil winding step, simultaneously winding 2n conductors together onto a second plurality of stator teeth of said stator body;",
59
+ "subcomponents": []
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "component": "f) selecting a third group n",
63
+ "subcomponents": []
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "component": "g) selecting a fourth group n",
67
+ "subcomponents": []
68
+ },
69
+ {
70
+ "component": "h) repeating steps e) through g) until said predetermined number of conductors are wound onto said second plurality of stator teeth to form said second magnetically coupled coil pair of said set of magnetically coupled coil pairs.",
71
+ "subcomponents": []
72
+ }
73
+ ]
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
77
+ "preamble": "5. The method according to claim 4 wherein;",
78
+ "components": [
79
+ {
80
+ "component": "the first partial coil winding step includes simultaneously winding said 2n conductors onto said first plurality of stator teeth different from said second plurality of stator teeth; and,",
81
+ "subcomponents": []
82
+ },
83
+ {
84
+ "component": "the second partial coil winding step includes simultaneously winding said 2n conductors onto said second plurality of stator teeth different from said first plurality of stator teeth.",
85
+ "subcomponents": []
86
+ }
87
+ ]
88
+ },
89
+ {
90
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
91
+ "preamble": "6. The method according to claim 5 wherein:",
92
+ "components": [
93
+ {
94
+ "component": "the first partial coil winding step of simultaneously winding said 2n conductors onto said first plurality of stator teeth includes simultaneously winding two conductors onto said first set of six stator teeth; and,",
95
+ "subcomponents": []
96
+ },
97
+ {
98
+ "component": "the second partial coil winding step of simultaneously winding said 2n conductors onto said second plurality of stator teeth includes simultaneously winding two conductors onto said second set of six stator teeth.",
99
+ "subcomponents": []
100
+ }
101
+ ]
102
+ },
103
+ {
104
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
105
+ "preamble": "7. The method according to claim 2 wherein:",
106
+ "components": [
107
+ {
108
+ "component": "the step of assigning said first group n",
109
+ "subcomponents": []
110
+ },
111
+ {
112
+ "component": "the step of assigning said second group n",
113
+ "subcomponents": []
114
+ }
115
+ ]
116
+ },
117
+ {
118
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
119
+ "preamble": "8. The method according to claim 7 wherein:",
120
+ "components": [
121
+ {
122
+ "component": "the step of assigning said first group n",
123
+ "subcomponents": []
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "component": "the step of assigning said second group n, of said 2n conductors further includes, after performing said each at least one first partial winding step, connecting said second group n",
127
+ "subcomponents": []
128
+ }
129
+ ]
130
+ },
131
+ {
132
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
133
+ "preamble": "9. A coil winding method for winding a predetermined number of conductors to form a set of magnetically coupled coil pairs on a plurality of stator teeth of a stator body in a motor, each set of coil pairs generating opposing magnetic fields in the plurality of stator teeth, the coil winding method comprising;",
134
+ "components": [
135
+ {
136
+ "component": "a) in a first partial coil winding step, simultaneously winding 2n conductors together onto a first plurality of stator teeth of said stator body;",
137
+ "subcomponents": []
138
+ },
139
+ {
140
+ "component": "b) selecting a first group n",
141
+ "subcomponents": []
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "component": "c) selecting a second group n",
145
+ "subcomponents": []
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "component": "d) repeating steps a) through c) until said predetermined number of conductors are wound onto said first plurality of stator teeth to form a first magnetically coupled coil pair of said set of magnetically coupled coil pairs; and,",
149
+ "subcomponents": []
150
+ },
151
+ {
152
+ "component": "winding said predetermined number of conductors on a second plurality of stator teeth of said stator body in said motor to form a second magnetically coupled coil pair of said set of magnetically coupled coil pairs.",
153
+ "subcomponents": []
154
+ }
155
+ ]
156
+ },
157
+ {
158
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
159
+ "preamble": "10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the step of winding said predetermined number of conductors on said second plurality of stator teeth includes the steps of:",
160
+ "components": [
161
+ {
162
+ "component": "e) in a second partial coil winding step, simultaneously winding 2n conductors together onto a second plurality of stator teeth of said stator body;",
163
+ "subcomponents": []
164
+ },
165
+ {
166
+ "component": "f) selecting a third group n",
167
+ "subcomponents": []
168
+ },
169
+ {
170
+ "component": "g) selecting a fourth group n",
171
+ "subcomponents": []
172
+ },
173
+ {
174
+ "component": "h) repeating steps e) through g) until said predetermined number of conductors are wound onto said second plurality of stator teeth to form said second magnetically coupled coil pair of said set of magnetically coupled coil pairs.",
175
+ "subcomponents": []
176
+ }
177
+ ]
178
+ },
179
+ {
180
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
181
+ "preamble": "11. The method according to claim 10 wherein;",
182
+ "components": [
183
+ {
184
+ "component": "the first partial coil winding (step includes simultaneously winding said 2n conductors onto said first plurality of stator teeth different from said second plurality of stator teeth; and,",
185
+ "subcomponents": []
186
+ },
187
+ {
188
+ "component": "the second partial coil winding step includes simultaneously winding said 2n conductors onto said second plurality of stator teeth different from said first plurality of stator teeth.",
189
+ "subcomponents": []
190
+ }
191
+ ]
192
+ },
193
+ {
194
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
195
+ "preamble": "12. The method according to claim 11 wherein:",
196
+ "components": [
197
+ {
198
+ "component": "the first partial coil winding step of simultaneously winding said 2n conductors onto said first plurality of stator teeth includes simultaneously winding two conductors onto said first set of six stator teeth; and,",
199
+ "subcomponents": []
200
+ },
201
+ {
202
+ "component": "the second partial coil winding step of simultaneously winding said 2n conductors onto said second plurality of stator teeth includes simultaneously winding two conductors onto said second set of six stator teeth.",
203
+ "subcomponents": []
204
+ }
205
+ ]
206
+ },
207
+ {
208
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
209
+ "preamble": "13. A coil winding method for winding a predetermined number of conductors to form a set of magnetically coupled coil pairs on a plurality of stator teeth of a stator body in a motor, each set of coil pairs generating opposing magnetic fields in the plurality of stator teeth, the coil winding method comprising:",
210
+ "components": [
211
+ {
212
+ "component": "a) in a first partial coil winding step, simultaneously winding 2n conductors together onto a first plurality of stator teeth of said stator body;",
213
+ "subcomponents": []
214
+ },
215
+ {
216
+ "component": "b) selecting a first group n",
217
+ "subcomponents": []
218
+ },
219
+ {
220
+ "component": "c) selecting a second group n",
221
+ "subcomponents": []
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "component": "d) repeating steps a) through c) until said predetermined number of conductors are wound onto said first plurality of stator teeth to form a first magnetically coupled coil pair of said set of magnetically coupled coil pairs; and, wherein: the step of assigning said first group n",
225
+ "subcomponents": []
226
+ }
227
+ ]
228
+ },
229
+ {
230
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
231
+ "preamble": "14. The method according to claim 13 wherein:",
232
+ "components": [
233
+ {
234
+ "component": "the step of assigning said first group n",
235
+ "subcomponents": []
236
+ },
237
+ {
238
+ "component": "the step of assigning said second group n",
239
+ "subcomponents": []
240
+ }
241
+ ]
242
+ },
243
+ {
244
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
245
+ "preamble": "15. A coil winding method for winding a predetermined number of conductors to form a set of magnetically coupled coil pairs on a plurality of stator teeth of a stator body in a motor, each set of coil pairs generating opposing magnetic fields in the plurality of stator teeth, the coil winding method comprising:",
246
+ "components": [
247
+ {
248
+ "component": "a) in a partial coil winding step, simultaneously winding 2n conductors together onto a first plurality of stator teeth of said stator body;",
249
+ "subcomponents": []
250
+ },
251
+ {
252
+ "component": "b) selecting a first group n, of said 2n conductors and assigning the first group n",
253
+ "subcomponents": []
254
+ },
255
+ {
256
+ "component": "c) selecting a second group n",
257
+ "subcomponents": []
258
+ },
259
+ {
260
+ "component": "d) repeating steps a) through c) until said predetermined number of conductors are wound onto said first plurality of stator teeth to form a first magnetically coupled coil pair of said set of magnetically coupled coil pairs.",
261
+ "subcomponents": []
262
+ }
263
+ ]
264
+ },
265
+ {
266
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
267
+ "preamble": "16. A coil winding method for winding a predetermined number of conductors to form a set of magnetically coupled coil pairs on a plurality of stator teeth of a stator body in a motor, each set of coil pairs generating opposing magnetic fields in the plurality of stator teeth, the coil winding method comprising:",
268
+ "components": [
269
+ {
270
+ "component": "a) in a first partial coil winding step, simultaneously winding a first pair of conductors together onto a first plurality of stator teeth of said stator body;",
271
+ "subcomponents": []
272
+ },
273
+ {
274
+ "component": "b) selecting a first group n",
275
+ "subcomponents": []
276
+ },
277
+ {
278
+ "component": "c) selecting a second group n",
279
+ "subcomponents": []
280
+ },
281
+ {
282
+ "component": "d) repeating steps a) through c) until said predetermined number of conductors are wound onto said first plurality of stator teeth to form a first magnetically coupled coil pair of said set of magnetically coupled coil pairs;",
283
+ "subcomponents": []
284
+ },
285
+ {
286
+ "component": "e) in a second partial coil winding step, simultaneously winding a second pair of conductors together onto a second plurality of stator teeth of said stator body different from said first plurality of stator teeth;",
287
+ "subcomponents": []
288
+ },
289
+ {
290
+ "component": "f) selecting a third group n",
291
+ "subcomponents": []
292
+ },
293
+ {
294
+ "component": "g) selecting a fourth group n",
295
+ "subcomponents": []
296
+ },
297
+ {
298
+ "component": "h) repeating steps e) through g) until said predetermined number of conductors are wound onto said second plurality of stator teeth to form said second magnetically coupled coil pair of said set of magnetically coupled coil pairs.",
299
+ "subcomponents": []
300
+ }
301
+ ]
302
+ }
303
+ ],
304
+ "description": [
305
+ "The invention relates to a stator-winding method for a brush-less direct current motor with the characteristics of the Preamble to patent claim 1, as well as an appropriate stator with the characteristics of the Preamble to patent claim 5.",
306
+ "Specifically in automotive engineering there is a need for employing cost-effective motor-driven driving mechanisms, which are rather simple to control and quite inexpensive to produce, for example for an electrically controllable hydraulic pump for power steering. With respect to the mentioned application case, primarily brushless direct-current motors, specifically four-phase direct-current motors, are suitable because of their high degree of efficiency and ease of maintenance.",
307
+ "In order to permit extremely simple motor control, the coils realizing one phase respectively are frequently selected via one actuatable electronic switch, for example a power semiconductor and are intermittently connected, in the required fashion, with a direct current source. There is, however, the problem that each time when one phase in the respective coil is switched off, a negative tension peak is created as a result of self-induction, which may be, relative to the normal direction of current, discharged via diodes poled in inverse direction, which are positioned parallel to the respective switch element. This results, however, in a corresponding current in opposite direction, which must be taken into consideration in the selection and which, moreover, has a negative effect upon the efficiency of the motor.",
308
+ "For solving said problem, it is known, for example from WO-A 96/22629, to magnetically couple two coils each of a four-phase direct current motor. For said purpose, two coils each are applied on each pole and/or each group of poles, which are charged with direct current in the opposite direction in order to generate the desired opposite polarity of the magnetic fields generated by same. The coil orientation of the two coils can be the same. It suffices that the ends of one of the two coils are inversely connected with the source of the direct current.",
309
+ "As a result of the thus produced magnetic coupling of the two coils, the tension induced in the respective coil from self-induction during discharge of the respective phase is compensated for by a tension induced in the coupled coil. The stored magnetic energy is discharged via the diode which is arranged in parallel to the switch selecting the coupled coil. This produces an improvement in the degree of efficiency.",
310
+ "It is also known from WO-A-96/22629 that an improvement results of the magnetic coupling of the coils of the opposite phase of such four-phase direct current motor if the coils are wound simultaneously. This results in closer proximity of the wires of the two coupled coils and thus greater coupling inductivity.",
311
+ "Since, however, due to the high currents, several parallel conducted wires are needed for each coil, it was necessary, following the winding process during which all parallel wires of both coils are wound at the same time, to allocate the wire ends to the two coils. To that end it was necessary to at least mark the ends of the wires or to subsequently undertake allocation of the wire ends by means of passage measurements. Altogether, automation of the winding process and allocation of the wire ends to the coils and/or the contacting of the coils was not possible.",
312
+ "Based on said state of the art, it is the object of the invention to create a method for winding a stator for a brushless direct-current motor and an appropriate stator, whereby, as result of simplification of the manufacturing method, automation of the winding process is possible and allocation of wire ends to the coils.",
313
+ "The invention solves this object with the characteristics of patent claims 1 and/or 5.",
314
+ "The invention proceeds from the recognition that as a result of dividing the winding procedure for two each coupled coils (of the opposite phases) into partial winding steps, significant simplification is attained in the manufacturing method and thus easy automation capability.",
315
+ "In each partial winding procedure, 2n preferably however only two wires are wound, whereby one half of the wires or one of the two wires of the one coil and the other half of the wires or the other of the two coils are allocated to the other coil.",
316
+ "In comparison with the stators produced according to the known method, there is the added benefit that the stators produced according to the method of the invention have, as a rule, a further improved magnetic coupling of the coils of the respectively opposite phases. This can be explained in that with simultaneous winding of all wires of the two coils and allocation of the wire ends after the winding procedure, there was, more or less, random allocation and positioning of the individual wires within one coil. By separation into partial winding steps, closer proximity of the individual wires of the coils is achieved, at least on balance, or more uniform distribution (viewed across the winding cross section). Particularly with the winding of only two wires respectively (one wire per coil) it is attainable that these two wires are placed close to each other over the entire length of the coil.",
317
+ "In addition, this results in an improved capacity of replicating the electrical properties of the stator.",
318
+ "According to a preferred specific embodiment of the method according to the invention for allocation of conductors to the two coils, prior to each partial winding procedure, the one terminal end of the two conductors or the terminal ends of n of the 2n conductors are allocated to a first connection contact and the terminal ends of the other of the two conductors or the terminal ends of the other n of the 2n conductors are allocated to a second connection contact. After each partial winding procedure, the other end of the one of the two conductors or the other ends of n of the 2n conductors are allocated to a third connection contact and the other end of the other of the two conductors or the other ends of the other n of the 2n conductors are allocated to a fourth connection contact. The first and third connection contact thus serve for contacting the one coil and the second and fourth connection contact serve for contacting the other coil.",
319
+ "Allocation prior to a partial winding procedure is preferably done in that the (beginning) ends of the wires are connected with the appropriate connection contacts, for example by means of soldering, welding or clamping. As a result of said fixing, no additional holding of these ends is needed with an automatic winding device. After the partial winding procedure, the (posterior) ends of the wires can likewise be connected with the appropriate connection contacts.",
320
+ "In particular, with simultaneous winding of only two wires, it is possible to maintain in simple fashion the allocation of the wires during the entire winding procedure, so that no additional measures are needed for allocation, such as marking of the wires or passage measurings.",
321
+ "In the preferred specific embodiment of the stator according to the invention, connection contacts are preferably provided at one front side of the stator, said connection contacts having a number of fastening means which correspond to the number of the required partial winding procedures.",
322
+ "This guarantees that before or after each partial winding procedure it is possible to readily connect the wire ends with the appropriate connection contacts, whereby for each wire end or for each group of n wire ends of 2n simultaneously wound wires there is available an individual attachment means or a clamp.",
323
+ "Additional specific embodiments of the invention are apparent from the sub-claims.",
324
+ "In the following, the invention is explained in more detail, making use of an exemplary embodiment represented in the drawing:",
325
+ "FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a four-phase direct current motor with associated actuation circuit;",
326
+ "FIG. 2 shows a perspective representation of a stator according to the invention;",
327
+ "FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of segments of an unwound later view of the stator in FIG. 1, in order to provide an explanation of the winding procedure and",
328
+ "FIG. 4 shows a perspective representation of the stator in FIG. 1 in mounted control circuit.",
329
+ "FIG. 1 depicts a schematic representation of a four-phase direct current motor with a stator 1, on which are provided stator coils W1, W2, W3 and W4. The coils W1 to W4 are wound on teeth or poles 3 of stator 1. The indicated magnetic coupling of the opposite phases I and III or the corresponding coils W1 and W3, and also phases II and IV or the corresponding coils W2 and W4 is obtained in that the coils W1 and W3 or the coils W2 and W4 are wound on the same stator teeth.",
330
+ "The winding or contacting of the coils W1 and W3 or W2 and W4 takes places in such manner that opposite magnetic fields are produced in the teeth or poles of areas in front of the stator poles 3, facing a not shown rotor. This is indicated in FIG. 1 by the dots at the coils W1 to W4.",
331
+ "Each coil is connected with one end or one connection to a direct current source 5. The respective other end or the respective other connection of each coil is connected with a controllable electronic switch S1, S2, S3, S4, which can be designed, for example, as power semi conductor (e.g. Power Field Effect Transistor). Each switch S1 to S4 is connected with its control inlet with a motor control unit 7, which connects, in known fashion, the coils W1 to W4 with the direct current source for certain periods of time by appropriate selection of switches S1 to S4.",
332
+ "Placed in parallel to each controllable switch S1 to S4, is a diode D1 to D4, whereby the passage direction of the diodes is selected in such manner that upon closing of the appropriate switch, the associated diode becomes blocked.",
333
+ "As already explained, as a result of coupling the respectively opposite Phases I and III or II and IV and diodes D3 and D1 and D4 and D2, discharge is obtained of the stored magnetic energy during the off-switching of the respective phase, which guarantees an improvement of the efficiency of the motor.",
334
+ "FIG. 2 depicts the constructive design of an appropriate stator 1 in perspective view. The indicated stator has twelve stator poles 3. The stator body 9 comprises in customary fashion packaged stator metal sheets, which extend vertically vis-a-vis the longitudinal axis of the stator.",
335
+ "The packet of the stator metal sheets can be initially produced in the usual fashion by stamping the packet together with two or more each of the metal sheets being joined by means of exertion of spot-pressure.",
336
+ "Subsequently, the package of stator metal sheets is spray-coated with a plastic body, with plastic coating being also generated in the interior of the stator teeth. Consequently, it is no longer necessary, as in the past, to provide a powder coating for these regions of the stator teeth in order to avoid damage to the insulation layer of the coil wires, specifically during the winding procedure.",
337
+ "At the same time, winding aids 11 are molded to the front sides of the stator teeth 3, which act as a guide for the wires during the winding of the coils W1 to W4, and which, concurrently, fix in their position those parts of the coils which protrude beyond the front sides of the stator teeth 3.",
338
+ "At one upper side, the stator body 9 has a molded-on ring 13 with a shoulder 13a. Into said frontal shoulder 13a, connection contacts 15 are pressed in. To that end, ring 13 is molded with appropriate recesses for the connection contacts, into which then connection contacts 15, made of sheet metal by means of stamping or bending, are pressed in with their terminal lugs.",
339
+ "The upwardly extending wall 17 of ring 13, above the shoulder 13a of ring 13 serves for fixing and fastening a control circuit 17, as is evident from FIG. 4. The control circuit can have a plastic-coated stamped grid 19 with an appropriate recess 21, which engages with wall 17 of ring 13. The underside of the stamped grid 19 can rest on the shoulder 13a of ring 13.",
340
+ "The connection contacts 15 engage with the contacting perforations 23 in the conductor tracks 19a of the stamped grid 19 and can be joined with same by means of soldering or similar method.",
341
+ "As a result of spray-coating with plastic the packet of the stator metal sheets in one single work step, whereby the interior regions of the stator teeth 3 are spray-coated and, at the same time, ring 13 and the winding aids 11 are spray-molded on, one obtains extremely cost-effective manufacturing of stator 1.",
342
+ "In the following, the method for winding stator 1 is a explained in more detail, making use of FIG. 3.",
343
+ "It should first be noted that in the represented exemplary embodiment each one of coils W1 to W4 extends over a totality of six stator teeth 3, which are divided, in known fashion, into two each other radially facing groups of three each adjacent stator teeth. As already explained, these six stator teeth respectively support two coupled coils, i.e. coils W1 and W3 or W2 and W4. Two of these groups are depicted in FIG. 3, whereby, hereinafter, these coils are identified for the sake of simplicity as W1 and W3. The remaining six stator teeth 3 for coils W2 and W4 are wound in similar fashion. In this regard, the method described below is to be employed in the appropriate manner.",
344
+ "Each of the coils W1 and W3 comprises, due to the required high current intensities, several, in parallel arranged partial coils of individual wires. According to the invention, in each instance, 2 or 2n wires (i.e. an even number of wires)\u2014in the represented exemplary embodiment the two wires 25, 27\u2014are simultaneously wound on the appropriate stator teeth 3.",
345
+ "To that end, the beginning ends of the 2 wires 25, 27 are first respectively connected with a first 15I and a second 15II of the connection contacts 15. For that purpose, the connection contacts present V-shaped clamping grooves 15a, into which the (insulated) wire ends are embedded and are fixed and contacted by pressing together the walls of the clamping grooves 15a.",
346
+ "After fixing of the wire ends, the first stator tooth 3 of the first group of three is wound. This is done in counter-clockwise direction with respect to the exemplary embodiment represented in FIG. 3. Following application of the desired number of windings, one then proceeds to the neighboring stator tooth, and the latter is wound in opposite direction with the desired number of windings (the middle stator tooth 3 of the left group in FIG. 3). Finally, one proceeds to the last stator tooth of the first group of three and it is provided with the desired number of windings. This again is done in the winding direction of the first stator tooth.",
347
+ "After that, one proceeds to the first stator tooth of the diametrically opposed group of three (in FIG. 3, the right stator tooth of the right group of three) and said stator tooth is wound. The winding of this second group of three of the stator teeth is done in similar fashion.",
348
+ "After the winding of the last stator tooth of the second group of three (the left stator tooth of the right group of three in FIG. 3), the end of wire 25 is connected with the third connection contact 15III and the end of wire 27 with the fourth connection contact 15IV. The allocation of the wire ends to the connection contacts 15 is initially insignificant with respect to said first partial winding step. What must, of course, be observed is which of the connection contacts IS corresponds to said coils W1 and W3. In other words, for future selection of coils it must be known which of the two coils corresponds to what two connection contacts. The coils W1 and W3 are equivalent to each other, since they present the same winding direction.",
349
+ "Following completion of said first partial winding step, a second partial winding step is undertaken in like fashion. The only difference being that the wire ends are connected with additional attachment means of clamping grooves 15a of the first to fourth connection contacts.",
350
+ "This makes possible simple attachment of the wire ends without the need of loosening the previously wound wires.",
351
+ "In these and perhaps additional partial winding steps, attention must be paid, however, that with respect to the first partial winding step, the selected allocation of the connection contacts 15I and 15III to the one coil is observed, for example the first coil W1, and/or the connection contacts 15II and 15IV to the other coil, for example, coil W3.",
352
+ "Usually, however, one must establish from the very beginning that certain connection contacts correspond to certain specified coils or coil ends.",
353
+ "By already allocating the wire ends to certain connection contacts prior to the actual winding and observance of said allocation during the partial winding procedure, it is possible, in simple fashion, without additional measures, such as marking of the wires or implementation of passage measurements, to correctly connect, following the partial wind procedure, the wire ends with the proper connection contacts. It applies specifically to a small number of simultaneously wound wires (preferably two wires).",
354
+ "Overall, as many partial winding procedures are carried out as are necessary in order to reach the required number of parallel wires per coil W1, W3. The number of attachment means or clamping grooves 15a preferably corresponds to the number of the required partial winding steps.",
355
+ "The two other coupled coils W2 and W4 are manufactured in similar fashion, whereby attention needs to be paid that the orientation of the winding must also be correctly selected with respect to the already provided coils W1 and W3.",
356
+ "The represented method is, of course, not only applicable with respect to four-phase direct current motors, but also for motors with any (even) number of phases, whereby, in each case, the coils of two phases are magnetically coupled."
357
+ ],
358
+ "citations": [
359
+ "4374347",
360
+ "4426771",
361
+ "5065503",
362
+ "5245748",
363
+ "5392506",
364
+ "5668450",
365
+ "0 469 426",
366
+ "0 739 080",
367
+ "63-110928",
368
+ "WO 96/22629"
369
+ ],
370
+ "us_classification": "29596",
371
+ "international_classifications": [
372
+ {
373
+ "classification_level": "A",
374
+ "section": "H",
375
+ "classification_class": "02",
376
+ "subclass": "K",
377
+ "main_group": "15",
378
+ "subgroup": "08"
379
+ }
380
+ ]
381
+ }
json_patents/06983529.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Stator assembly with an overmolding that secures magnets to a flux ring and the flux ring to a stator housing",
3
+ "abstract": "A stator assembly for an electric motor includes a stator housing, an expandable flux ring inserted into the stator housing and a plurality of magnets on an inner surface of the flux ring. Overmold material is molded around the magnets in the flux ring, such as by injection molding. The pressure of the overmold material as it is being molded expands the flux ring pressing the flux ring into engagement with the stator housing. The overmold material secures the magnets to the flux ring and the flux ring to the housing. One of the flux ring and stator housing has a dimple that engages a hole in the other of the flux ring and stator housing to align the flux ring and stator housing. In an aspect, the overmold material is molded to form at least one of a commutator end or rear bearing support, front bearing support and fan baffle. In an aspect, the overmold material is molded to form a keying feature. The keying feature can be slots of different widths between magnetic poles of the stator assembly. In an aspect, the flux ring and housing are preformed as a unit by stamping them from blanks and rolling them together. In a variation, the flux ring blank is rolled first to form the flux ring and the housing blank rolled around the flux ring with the flux ring acting as a rolling arbor.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Ortt",
6
+ "Agnes",
7
+ "Du"
8
+ ],
9
+ "document_number": "06983529",
10
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
11
+ "assignees": [
12
+ "Black & Decker Inc."
13
+ ],
14
+ "claims": [
15
+ {
16
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
17
+ "preamble": "1. A method for constructing a permanent magnet stator assembly comprising:",
18
+ "components": [
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "inserting a flux ring having a plurality of anchors extending radially inward into a housing;",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "component": "inserting a plurality of permanent magnets between the anchors; and",
25
+ "subcomponents": []
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "component": "injecting a material around the permanent magnets in the flux ring so that the material at least partially overmolds the permanent magnets to secure the permanent magnets to the flux ring and expand the flux ring against the housing to secure the flux ring to the housing.",
29
+ "subcomponents": []
30
+ }
31
+ ]
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
35
+ "preamble": "2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flux ring includes a seam that allows the flux ring to be compressed and inserting the flux ring into the housing includes compressing the flux ring before inserting into the housing, inserting the flux ring into the housing while the flux ring is compressed and allowing the flux ring to expand against the housing once it has been inserted into the housing.",
36
+ "components": []
37
+ },
38
+ {
39
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
40
+ "preamble": "3. The method of claim 2 , and further including preventing the flux ring from compressing by injecting the material so that it fills the seam of the flux ring, the material hardening in the seam and preventing the flux ring from compressing.",
41
+ "components": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
45
+ "preamble": "4. The method of claim 1 , further including aligning the flux ring in the housing by inserting the flux ring in the housing so that a projection in one of the housing and flux ring extends into a hole in the other of the flux ring and the housing.",
46
+ "components": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
50
+ "preamble": "5. The method of claim 1 , further including injecting the material so that it forms at least one of a rear bearing holder, a front bearing holder and a fan baffle.",
51
+ "components": []
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
55
+ "preamble": "6. The method of claim 1 , further including injecting the material to form at least one keying feature by forming slots in the material between magnetic poles of the stator assembly with widths of at least two of the slots being different.",
56
+ "components": []
57
+ },
58
+ {
59
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
60
+ "preamble": "7. The method of claim 1 , and further including preassembling the housing and flux ring as a unit by:",
61
+ "components": [
62
+ {
63
+ "component": "stamping the housing and flux ring from separate blanks, the separate blanks each stamped to have interlocking fingers on opposed ends;",
64
+ "subcomponents": []
65
+ },
66
+ {
67
+ "component": "stamping at least one hole in one of the housing and flux ring blanks and stamping at least one projection in the other of the housing and flux ring blanks;",
68
+ "subcomponents": []
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "component": "laying the housing and flux ring blanks together with the at least one hole and the at least one projection engaging each other; and",
72
+ "subcomponents": []
73
+ },
74
+ {
75
+ "component": "rolling the housing and flux ring blanks so that the fingers of the housing blank interlock and the fingers of the flux ring blank interlock.",
76
+ "subcomponents": []
77
+ }
78
+ ]
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
82
+ "preamble": "8. The method of claim 7 and further including spot-welding the flux ring and housing together.",
83
+ "components": []
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
87
+ "preamble": "9. The method of claim 1 , and further including preassembling the housing and flux ring as a unit by:",
88
+ "components": [
89
+ {
90
+ "component": "rolling the flux ring from a blank; and",
91
+ "subcomponents": []
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "component": "rolling the housing from a blank where the housing blank is rolled around the flux ring with the flux ring acting as a rolling arbor.",
95
+ "subcomponents": []
96
+ }
97
+ ]
98
+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
101
+ "preamble": "10. The method of claim 9 wherein one of the flux ring and housing blanks is stamped to have at least of one projection and the other of the flux ring and housing blanks is stamped to have at least one hole therein, the at least one projection engaging the at least one hole during the rolling of the housing blank about the flux ring.",
102
+ "components": []
103
+ },
104
+ {
105
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
106
+ "preamble": "11. The method of claim 9 wherein the flux ring and further including spot-welding the flux ring and housing together.",
107
+ "components": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
111
+ "preamble": "12. A method for constructing a permanent magnet stator assembly comprising:",
112
+ "components": [
113
+ {
114
+ "component": "inserting a flux ring having a seam into a housing;",
115
+ "subcomponents": []
116
+ },
117
+ {
118
+ "component": "inserting a plurality of permanent magnets on an inner surface of the flux ring; and",
119
+ "subcomponents": []
120
+ },
121
+ {
122
+ "component": "injecting a material around the permanent magnets in the flux ring so that the material at least partially overmolds the permanent magnets to secure the permanent magnets to the flux ring and expand the flux ring against the housing to secure the flux ring to the housing.",
123
+ "subcomponents": []
124
+ }
125
+ ]
126
+ },
127
+ {
128
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
129
+ "preamble": "13. The method of claim 12 including preventing the flux ring from compressing by injecting the material so that it fills the seam of the flux ring, the material hardening in the seam and preventing the flux ring from compressing.",
130
+ "components": []
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
134
+ "preamble": "14. The method of claim 13 , further including aligning the flux ring in the housing by inserting the flux ring in the housing so that a projection in one of the housing and flux ring extends into a hole in the other of the flux ring and the housing.",
135
+ "components": []
136
+ },
137
+ {
138
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
139
+ "preamble": "15. The method of claim 12 , further including injecting the material so that it forms at least one of a rear bearing holder, a front bearing holder and a fan baffle.",
140
+ "components": []
141
+ },
142
+ {
143
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
144
+ "preamble": "16. The method of claim 12 , further including injecting the material to form at least one keying feature by forming slots in the material between magnetic poles of the stator assembly with widths of at least two of the slots being different.",
145
+ "components": []
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
149
+ "preamble": "17. The method of claim 12 , and further including preassembling the housing and flux ring as a unit by:",
150
+ "components": [
151
+ {
152
+ "component": "stamping the housing and flux ring from separate blanks, the separate blanks each stamped to have interlocking fingers on opposed ends;",
153
+ "subcomponents": []
154
+ },
155
+ {
156
+ "component": "stamping at least one hole in one of the housing and flux ring blanks and stamping at least one projection in the other of the housing and flux ring blanks;",
157
+ "subcomponents": []
158
+ },
159
+ {
160
+ "component": "laying the housing and flux ring blanks together with the at least one hole and the at least one projection engaging each other; and",
161
+ "subcomponents": []
162
+ },
163
+ {
164
+ "component": "rolling the housing and flux ring blanks so that the fingers of the housing blank interlock and the fingers of the flux ring blank interlock.",
165
+ "subcomponents": []
166
+ }
167
+ ]
168
+ },
169
+ {
170
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
171
+ "preamble": "18. The method of claim 17 and further including spot-welding the flux ring and housing together.",
172
+ "components": []
173
+ }
174
+ ],
175
+ "description": [
176
+ "This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/702,379 filed Nov. 5, 2003, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/433,496 filed Dec. 13, 2002 and which is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/468,643 filed Aug. 20, 2003, which is a \u00a7 371 National Phase filing of PCT International Application PCT/US02/05029 filed Feb. 22, 2002 (International Publication Number WO 02/068235 A2) which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/271,141 filed Feb. 23, 2001. The disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.",
177
+ "The present invention relates to electric motors, and more particularly to stator assemblies for electric motors.",
178
+ "In the construction of stator assemblies for permanent magnet electric motors, magnets are retained within the stator assembly. For example, in a brush-type permanent magnet electric motor, magnets are retained on a stator housing or a separate flux ring within the stator housing. This generally requires gluing or adhering each individual magnet to the flux ring or stator housing.",
179
+ "Various types of adhesives have been used to adhere the magnets to the metallic surface. It is possible that a sudden shock to the electric motor will destroy the bond between the magnet and the flux ring or stator housing. This would result in movement of the magnet within the stator assembly. The magnet itself could even break. As a result, the electric motor ceases to properly function.",
180
+ "It is known in the art to provide an anchor in the flux ring or stator housing. Magnetic material is then injection molded on the flux ring or stator housing and is retained in position by the anchor. Such an anchor system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,522,042 issued Feb. 18, 2003 entitled Anchoring System for Injection Molded Magnets on a Flux Ring or Motor Housing and in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/764,004 filed Jan. 17, 2001 entitled Anchoring System for Injection Molded Magnets on a Flux Ring or Motor Housing. However, a disadvantage of the anchoring systems described in the above-identified patent applications is that they require the use of injection molded magnetic material. This is typically the most expensive type of magnetic material per unit flux.",
181
+ "Accordingly, the present invention provides a stator assembly for an electric motor. The stator assembly includes a stator housing, a split flux ring inserted into the stator housing and a plurality of magnets on an inner surface of the flux ring. An overmolding secures the magnets to the flux ring and asserts a radial force on the flux ring to secure it to the stator housing. Additionally, the overmolding fills the seam of the flux ring and prevents collapse of the flux ring.",
182
+ "In an aspect of the invention, the material used to mold the overmolding is a plastic that is injection molded about the magnets on the flux ring after the flux ring and magnets have been placed in the stator housing. The pressure of the plastic as it is being injection molded exerts a radial pressure on the flux ring, expanding it against the stator housing and secures it to the stator housing. The overmolding also secures the magnets to the flux ring.",
183
+ "In an aspect of the invention, the flux ring is aligned with the stator housing and is further secured to it by engagement of a dimple in one of the flux ring and stator housing with a hole in the other of the flux ring and the stator housing.",
184
+ "In an aspect of the invention, at least one of a rear bearing support, front bearing support and fan baffle are integrally molded with the overmolding when the material used to mold the overmolding is molded.",
185
+ "In an aspect of the invention, the overmolding is formed with slots of different widths between magnetic poles of the stator assembly to provide a keying feature for the stator assembly to key it, such as when it is placed in a magnetizer.",
186
+ "In an aspect of the invention, the flux ring and housing are preformed as a unit by stamping them from blanks and rolling them together. In a variation, the flux ring blank is rolled first to form the flux ring and the housing blank rolled around the flux ring with the flux ring acting as a rolling arbor.",
187
+ "In an aspect of the invention, an electric motor has an armature and a stator assembly in accordance with the invention.",
188
+ "In an aspect of the invention, a power tool has a housing including an electric motor having an output coupled to a transmission. The electric motor has an armature and a stator assembly in accordance with the invention.",
189
+ "Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.",
190
+ "The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:",
191
+ "FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a power tool according to the present invention;",
192
+ "FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a stator assembly of the power tool of FIG. 1;",
193
+ "FIG. 3 is a cross-section view of the stator assembly of FIG. 2 taken along the line 3\u20143;",
194
+ "FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a flux ring of the stator assembly of FIG. 2;",
195
+ "FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a stator can or housing of the stator assembly of FIG. 2;",
196
+ "FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the flux ring of FIG. 4 received in the stator can of FIG. 5;",
197
+ "FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a variation of the flux ring of FIG. 4 showing a flux ring with interlocking fingers;",
198
+ "FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative configuration of the stator assembly of FIG. 2;",
199
+ "FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an electric motor having an alternative configuration of the stator assembly of FIG. 2;",
200
+ "FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the electric motor of FIG. 9 taken along the line 10\u201410;",
201
+ "FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an alternative stator assembly; and",
202
+ "FIG. 12 is a perspective view of still another alternative stator assembly.",
203
+ "The following description of the preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.",
204
+ "Referring now to FIG. 1, a power tool 10 is shown. The power tool 10 is illustrated as a drill, however, any type of power tool may be used in accordance with the present invention. The power tool 10 includes a housing 12 which surrounds a motor 14. An activation member 16 is coupled with the motor and a power source 18. The power source 18 includes either a power cord (AC current) or includes a battery (DC current) (not shown). The motor 14 is coupled with an output 20 that includes a transmission 22 and a chuck 24. The chuck 24 is operable to retain a tool (not shown).",
205
+ "The motor includes a stator assembly 30. The stator assembly 30 includes a stator housing 32, a flux ring 34 and magnets 36. The flux ring 34 is an expandable or split flux ring. An armature 40 includes a shaft 42, a rotor 44 and a commutator 50 coupled with the shaft 42. The rotor 44 includes laminations 46 and windings 48. The motor 14 also includes end plates 52 and 54. End plate 52 includes a front bearing 56 which supports one end of a shaft 42. The shaft 42 is coupled with a pinion 60 that is part of the output 20. Brushes 62 and 64 are associated with the commutator 50. A rear bearing 70 is also coupled with the end plate 54 to balance rotation of the shaft 42.",
206
+ "Referring now to FIGS. 2\u20136, the stator assembly 30 is described in further detail. Stator housing 32 and flux ring 34 are illustratively made of soft magnetic material, such as cold rolled steel. The flux ring 34 has anchors 80 extending radially inward. The magnets 36 are disposed around an inner surface 82 of the flux ring 34 between anchors 80. An overmolding 84 secures the magnets 36 to flux ring 34 as described in more detail in WO 02/068235 A2.",
207
+ "The flux ring 34 is discontinuous having a seam 86 extending therealong. The seam 86 enables the flux ring 34 to be compressed for insertion into the stator housing 32. When flux ring 34 is assembled in stator assembly 30, the seam 86 is preferably disposed over one of magnetic poles P1, P2 of the stator assembly 30 to minimize magnetic losses. In the configuration of FIGS. 2\u20136, the flux ring 34 includes a projection or dimple 88 that engages a hole 90 in the stator housing 32. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 8, the stator housing 32 includes a projection or dimple 92 that engages a hole 94 in the flux ring 34. Engagement of the dimple 88, 92 and hole 90, 94 provides proper alignment of the flux ring 34 during assembly of the stator assembly 30. The dimple 88, 92 and hole 90, 94 are illustratively at ninety degrees to seam 86 to provide sufficient displacement of dimple 88 or hole 94, as applicable, in flux ring 34 with respect to stator housing 32 when flux ring 34 is compressed so that when flux ring 34 is uncompressed, dimple 88 will be urged into hole 90 (or hole 94 around dimple 92). Alternatively, the dimple 88, 92 and hole 90, 94 are ideally centered over one of the magnetic poles P1, P2 to reduce magnetic losses. Overmolding 84 is formed so there are slots 95, 96 on diametrically opposite sides of flux ring 34 between the overmolding 84 around magnets 36 of pole P1, and the overmolding 84 around magnets 36 of pole P2. Slots 95, 96 illustratively extend axially along inner surface 82 of flux ring 34 between poles P1 and P2. Slots 95, 96 may be gaps in the overmolding 84 or regions of reduced thickness in the overmolding 84. In the illustrative embodiment, stator assembly 30 has one pair of magnetic poles, with one of poles P1 and P2 thus being a North pole and the other being a South pole. It should be understood that stator assembly 30 could have more than one pair of North and South poles.",
208
+ "To assemble the stator assembly 30, stator housing 32 and flux ring 34 are each preformed. In this regard, stator housing 32 illustratively has interlocking fingers 33 as shown in FIG. 5. The flux ring 34 is slightly compressed and inserted into the stator housing 32 as shown in FIG. 6. The dimple 88, 92 engages the hole 90, 94 as described above. The magnets 36 are placed against the inner surface 82 of the flux ring 34 and are positioned between the anchors 80. The magnets 36 can be lightly magnetized so they are retained against the inner surface 82 of flux ring 34 during assembly.",
209
+ "Overmold material 83, such as plastic, is injection molded into the stator assembly 30 to form the overmolding 84. During the injection molding process, the pressure of the overmold material 83 pushes against the magnets 36 and flux ring 34, expanding the flux ring 34 against the stator housing 32. The overmold material 83 fills the seam 86 of flux ring 34 and surrounds the magnets 36. Expansion of the flux ring 34 against the stator housing 32 provides the retention force for retaining the flux ring 34 within the stator housing 32. Further, because the overmolding 84 fills the seam 86 of the flux ring 34, compression of the flux ring 34 in the stator housing 32 is prevented after the overmold material 83 hardens, thus preventing the removal of flux ring 34 from the stator housing 32. The engagement of the dimple 88, 92 and hole 90, 94, held in place by the overmolding 84, further secures the flux ring 34 to the stator housing 32. The diameter and true position of the overmolding 84 are maintained closely relative to the inside diameter of the stator housing 32 to reduce tolerance stack-ups to the armature 40 (FIG. 1). It should be understood that there can be more than one dimple/hole arrangement in flux ring 34 and stator housing 32.",
210
+ "In an aspect of the invention, slot 95 is wider than slot 96 (as shown in phantom in FIG. 3 with respect to slot 95). This limits to two the orientations in which stator assembly 30 can be placed in a magnetizer (not shown) used to magnetize magnets 36 after stator assembly 30 is assembled. That is, the difference in the widths of slots 95 and 96 provide a keying feature that keys stator assembly 30 to the magnetizer. If the widths of slot 95 and 96 were the same, stator assembly 30 could be placed in the magnetizer in four orientations. That is, either end of stator assembly 30 could be placed in the magnetizer in two orientations that are 180 degrees apart. By forming the keying feature in the overmolding 84, each end of the stator assembly 30 can be placed in the magnetizer in only one orientation, reducing to two the orientations in which the stator assembly 30 can be placed in the magnetizer. This makes sensing of the stator assembly 30 in the magnetizer fixture more robust and eliminates the possibility of magnetizing backwards due to placing the stator assembly 30 in the magnetizer in the wrong orientation. It should be understood that in stator assemblies having more than two poles, preferably the width of only one of the slots between the poles would be different than the widths of the rest of the slots between the poles to key the stator assembly to the magnetizer.",
211
+ "In an aspect of the invention, the stator housing 32 and the flux ring 34 are preassembled as a unit according to an alternative assembly method. More specifically, the stator housing 32 and flux ring 34 are formed of separate blanks, such as steel blanks, and in this regard, the edges of the seams of flux ring 34 and stator housing 32 are formed to have interlocking fingers, such as interlocking fingers 33 shown in FIG. 5 for stator housing 32 and interlocking fingers 37 shown in FIG. 7 for flux ring 34. One or more holes 94 are stamped into the flux ring and matching mating dimple(s) 92 stamped in the stator housing 32, or vice-versa. The stator housing 32 and flux ring 34 are lain together in their flat, pre-rolled states with the holes and dimples engaged. The stator housing 32 and flux ring 34 are rolled and the seam of the flux ring 34 interlocks as does the seam of the stator housing 32. The holes and dimples maintain alignment of the stator housing 32 and flux ring 34 during the rolling process.",
212
+ "In an alternative, the flux ring 34 can be rolled first and the stator housing 32 rolled about the flux ring 34. In this case, the flux ring 34 acts as a rolling arbor. Additionally, the holes and dimples maintain alignment as the stator housing 32 is rolled about the flux ring 34. According to another alternative, the stator housing 32 and flux ring 34 can be spot-welded together to form a sub-assembly. Regardless of how the stator housing 32 and flux ring 34 are assembled together, injection of the overmold material 83 not only secures the magnets 36 to the flux ring 34 but also secures the flux ring 34 to the stator housing 32 through the pressure exerted on the flux ring 34 therein.",
213
+ "The stator assembly 30 of the present invention provides significant advantages in both assembly and manufacture of the power tool 10. In particular, the stator assembly 30 eliminates the need for welding equipment to secure the components together. The expansion of flux ring 34 against stator housing 32 induced by injection of the overmold material 83 secures the flux ring 34 to stator housing 32 and the overmolding 84 also secures the magnets to flux ring 34. The interlocking of the dimple/hole arrangement(s) further secure the flux ring 34 to the stator housing 32. Further, injection of the overmold material 83 reduces tolerance stack-ups, improving ease of assembly. As a result, manufacturing equipment and floor space is reduced entailing cost savings. Another advantage of reduced tolerance stack-ups is that the magnet can be placed closer to the armature 40 thus maximizing motor performance. The keying feature provided by the different widths of slots 95, 96 improves the placement of stator assembly 30 in the magnetizer.",
214
+ "Turning now to FIGS. 9 and 10, an electric motor 98 having a further embodiment of the stator assembly 30, indicated generally by reference numeral 100, is shown. The stator assembly 100 includes the stator housing 32, flux ring 34, and permanent magnets 36 as shown in the stator assembly 30 of FIGS. 2\u20136. The stator assembly 100 further includes an integrally molded commutator end or rear bearing support 102 and an integrally molded fan baffle 104. An armature, such as armature 40 (FIG. 1), is received in stator assembly 100. A fan 112 is affixed at one end of shaft 42 of armature 40 and is disposed within fan baffle 104. An insulative sleeve 114 may illustratively be disposed between shaft 42 and laminations 46 and between shaft 42 and commutator 50. An end plate (not shown in FIGS. 9 and 10), such as end plate 52 (FIG. 1), is affixed to fan baffle 104.",
215
+ "The rear bearing support 102 includes a cap 106 integrally molded from the overmold material 83. The cap 106 includes a pocket 108 for receiving rear bearing 70 (FIG. 1). Integrally forming the cap 106 as part of the overmolding 84 from the overmold material 83 eliminates the need for separate fasteners to fix the rear bearing support 102 to the stator housing 32. The fan baffle 104 is likewise integrally molded from the overmold material 83.",
216
+ "Turning now to FIG. 11, an alternate embodiment of stator assembly 100 is shown and generally indicated by reference numeral 100\u2032. Stator assembly 100\u2032 is substantially similar to the stator assembly 100 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, however, only the rear bearing support 102 is integrally molded as part of the overmolding 84 from the overmold material 83. Alternatively, a front bearing support 103 (shown in phantom in FIG. 11) for engaging a front bearing, such as bearing 56 (FIG. 1), may be integrally molded in a manner substantially similar to the rear bearing support 102.",
217
+ "With reference to FIG. 12, another alternate embodiment of stator assembly 100 is illustrated and generally indicated by reference numeral 100\u2033. Stator assembly 100\u2033 is substantially similar to the stator assembly 100 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, however, only the fan baffle 104 is integrally molded as part of overmolding 84 from the overmold material 83.",
218
+ "By integrally molding the commutator end bearing support 102 and the fan baffle 104 as part of overmolding 84, further assembly and costs savings may be realized.",
219
+ "The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention."
220
+ ],
221
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+ "WO 01/080400"
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+ ],
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+ "us_classification": "29596",
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+ "international_classifications": [
377
+ {
378
+ "classification_level": "A",
379
+ "section": "H",
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+ "classification_class": "02",
381
+ "subclass": "K",
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+ "main_group": "15",
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+ "subgroup": "00"
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ }
json_patents/06983530.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Method of making a dual GMR read head with self-pinned layer and specular reflector",
3
+ "abstract": "A dual GMR or dual spin valve sensor has a self-pinned layer which has its magnetic moment pinned perpendicular to an air bearing surface by sense current fields from conductive layers in the dual spin valve sensor when a sense current is conducted therethrough. This scheme eliminates one of the antiferromagnetic pinning layers which is typically employed in a dual GMR or dual spin valve sensor. The self-pinned layer is thin so that its demagnetization field will not be greater than the sense current fields acting thereon. Because of the thinning of the self-pinned layer the spin valve effect of the spin valve sensor is degraded by scattering of conduction electrons at the boundary of the self-pinned layer. In order to overcome this problem a specular reflector layer is employed in contact with the self-pinned layer for reflecting the conduction electrons back into a mean free path of conduction electrons so that the spin valve effect on the self-pinned layer side of the spin valve sensor can be added to another spin valve effect on the other side of the free layer structure for providing a double spin valve effect with an improved read gap, as compared to prior art dual spin valve sensors.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Gill"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983530",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V."
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A method of making a magnetic head assembly that includes a write head and a read head comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "making the write head as follows;",
19
+ "subcomponents": [
20
+ "forming first and second pole piece layers with each of the first and second pole piece layers having a yoke portion located between the pole tip portion and a back gap portion;",
21
+ "forming a nonmagnetic write gap layer between the pole tip portions of the first and second pole piece layers;",
22
+ "forming an insulation stack with at leas one coil layer embedded therein between the yoke portions of the first and second pole piece layers; and"
23
+ ]
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "component": "forming first and second pole piece layers with each of the first and second pole piece layers having a yoke portion located between the pole tip portion and a back gap portion;",
27
+ "subcomponents": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "component": "forming a nonmagnetic write gap layer between the pole tip portions of the first and second pole piece layers;",
31
+ "subcomponents": []
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "component": "forming an insulation stack with at leas one coil layer embedded therein between the yoke portions of the first and second pole piece layers; and",
35
+ "subcomponents": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "component": "connecting the first and second pole piece layers at their back gaps portions; and",
39
+ "subcomponents": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "component": "making the read head as follows:",
43
+ "subcomponents": [
44
+ "forming a spin valve sensor between nonmagnetic",
45
+ "nonconductive first and second read gap layers; and",
46
+ "forming the first and second read gap layers between a ferromagnetic first shield layer and the first pole piece layer; and",
47
+ "making the spin valve sensor as follows:",
48
+ "forming nonmagnetic conductive first and second spacer layers;",
49
+ "forming a ferromagnetic free layer structure between the first and second spacer layers that have a magnetic moment;",
50
+ "forming an antiferromagnetic pinning layer;",
51
+ "forming a pinned layer structure between the first spacer layer and the pinning layer with a magnetic moment pinned by the pinning layer;",
52
+ "forming a nonmagnetic conductive specular reflector layer structure; and",
53
+ "forming a self-pinned layer between the second spacer layer and the specular reflector layer structure having a magnetic moment that can be pinned by sense current fields parallel to the magnetic moment of the pinned layer structure."
54
+ ]
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "component": "forming a spin valve sensor between nonmagnetic",
58
+ "subcomponents": []
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "component": "nonconductive first and second read gap layers; and",
62
+ "subcomponents": []
63
+ },
64
+ {
65
+ "component": "forming the first and second read gap layers between a ferromagnetic first shield layer and the first pole piece layer; and",
66
+ "subcomponents": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "component": "making the spin valve sensor as follows:",
70
+ "subcomponents": []
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "component": "forming nonmagnetic conductive first and second spacer layers;",
74
+ "subcomponents": []
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "component": "forming a ferromagnetic free layer structure between the first and second spacer layers that have a magnetic moment;",
78
+ "subcomponents": []
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "component": "forming an antiferromagnetic pinning layer;",
82
+ "subcomponents": []
83
+ },
84
+ {
85
+ "component": "forming a pinned layer structure between the first spacer layer and the pinning layer with a magnetic moment pinned by the pinning layer;",
86
+ "subcomponents": []
87
+ },
88
+ {
89
+ "component": "forming a nonmagnetic conductive specular reflector layer structure; and",
90
+ "subcomponents": []
91
+ },
92
+ {
93
+ "component": "forming a self-pinned layer between the second spacer layer and the specular reflector layer structure having a magnetic moment that can be pinned by sense current fields parallel to the magnetic moment of the pinned layer structure.",
94
+ "subcomponents": []
95
+ }
96
+ ]
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
100
+ "preamble": "2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the making of the read head further includes:",
101
+ "components": [
102
+ {
103
+ "component": "forming a ferromagnetic second shield layer; and",
104
+ "subcomponents": []
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "component": "forming a nonmagnetic nonconductive separation layer between the second shield layer and the first pole piece layer.",
108
+ "subcomponents": []
109
+ }
110
+ ]
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
114
+ "preamble": "3. A method as claimed in claim 1 including:",
115
+ "components": [
116
+ {
117
+ "component": "forming the specular reflector layer structure with a first specular reflector layer composed of copper (Cu) and a second specular layer composed of silver (Ag); and",
118
+ "subcomponents": []
119
+ },
120
+ {
121
+ "component": "forming the first specular reflector layer between and interfacing the second specular reflector layer and the self-pinned layer.",
122
+ "subcomponents": []
123
+ }
124
+ ]
125
+ },
126
+ {
127
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
128
+ "preamble": "4. A method as claimed in claim 1 including:",
129
+ "components": [
130
+ {
131
+ "component": "forming the specular reflector layer structure with a first specular reflector layer composed of copper (Cu) and a second specular reflector layer composed of gold (Au); and;",
132
+ "subcomponents": []
133
+ },
134
+ {
135
+ "component": "forming the first specular reflector layer between the second specular reflector layer and the self-pinned layer.",
136
+ "subcomponents": []
137
+ }
138
+ ]
139
+ },
140
+ {
141
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
142
+ "preamble": "5. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the free layer structure is formed between the first gap layer and the pinning layer.",
143
+ "components": []
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
147
+ "preamble": "6. A method as claimed in claim 5 wherein the pinned layer structure is formed of an antiparallel (AP) pinned layer structure, the method of making the AP pinned layer structure further comprising:",
148
+ "components": [
149
+ {
150
+ "component": "forming ferromagnetic first and second antiparallel (AP) pinned layers; and",
151
+ "subcomponents": []
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "component": "forming an antiparallel (AP) coupling layer between the first and second AP pinned layers.",
155
+ "subcomponents": []
156
+ }
157
+ ]
158
+ },
159
+ {
160
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
161
+ "preamble": "7. A method as claimed in claim 5 wherein the pinned layer structure is formed of a ferromagnetic single pinned layer.",
162
+ "components": []
163
+ },
164
+ {
165
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
166
+ "preamble": "8. A method as claimed in claim 7 including:",
167
+ "components": [
168
+ {
169
+ "component": "forming the specular reflector layer structure with a first specular reflector layer composed of copper (Cu) and a second specular layer composed of silver (Ag); and",
170
+ "subcomponents": []
171
+ },
172
+ {
173
+ "component": "forming the first specular reflector layer between and interfacing the second specular reflector layer and the self-pinned layer.",
174
+ "subcomponents": []
175
+ }
176
+ ]
177
+ },
178
+ {
179
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
180
+ "preamble": "9. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein the self-pinned layer is formed with a thickness that is less than a thickness of the single self-pinned layer.",
181
+ "components": []
182
+ }
183
+ ],
184
+ "description": [
185
+ "This application is a divisional application of Ser. No. 09/760,937, filed on Jan. 16, 2001 and now U.S. Pat. No. 6,655,008, which is a divisional application of 09/344,817, filed on Jun. 25, 1999 and now U.S. Pat. No. 6,219,208.",
186
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
187
+ "The present invention relates to a dual spin valve sensor with a self-pinned layer and a specular reflector and, more particularly, to a read head that produces a double spin valve effect with a pinned layer structure and self-pinned layer wherein the pinned layer structure is pinned by a pinning layer and the self-pinned layer is pinned by sense current fields and interfaces a specular reflector layer for reflecting conduction electrons into the mean free path of conduction electrons.",
188
+ "2. Description of the Related Art",
189
+ "An exemplary high performance read head employs a spin valve sensor for sensing magnetic fields on a moving magnetic medium, such as a rotating magnetic disk or a linearly moving magnetic tape. The sensor includes a nonmagnetic electrically conductive first spacer layer sandwiched between a ferromagnetic pinned layer and a ferromagnetic free layer. An antiferromagnetic pinning layer interfaces the pinned layer for pinning the magnetic moment of the pinned layer 90\u00b0 to an air bearing surface (ABS) which is an exposed surface of the sensor that faces the magnetic medium. First and second leads are connected to the spin valve sensor for conducting a sense current therethrough. The magnetic moment of the free layer is free to rotate in positive and negative directions from a quiescent or zero bias point position in response to positive and negative magnetic signal fields from a moving magnetic medium. The quiescent position is the position of the magnetic moment of the free layer when the sense current is conducted through the sensor without magnetic field signals from a rotating magnetic disk. The quiescent position of the magnetic moment of the free layer is preferably parallel to the ABS. If the quiescent position of the magnetic moment is not parallel to the ABS the positive and negative responses of the free layer will not be equal which results in read signal asymmetry.",
190
+ "The thickness of the spacer layer is chosen to be less than the mean free path of electrons conducted through the sensor. With this arrangement, a portion of the conduction electrons is scattered by the interfaces or boundaries of the spacer layer with the pinned and free layers. When the magnetic moments of the pinned and free layers are parallel with respect to one another scattering is minimal and when their magnetic moments are antiparallel scattering is maximized. An increase in scattering of conduction electrons increases the resistance of the spin valve sensor and a decrease in scattering of the conduction electrons decreases the resistance of the spin valve sensor. Changes in resistance of the spin valve sensor is a function of cos \u03b8, where \u03b8 is the angle between the magnetic moments of the pinned and free layers. This resistance, which changes when there are changes in scattering of conduction electrons, is referred to in the art as magnetoresistance (MR). Magnetoresistive coeffecient is dr/R where dr is the change in magnetoresistance of the spin valve sensor from minimum magnetoresistance (magnetic moments of free and pinned layers parallel) and R is the resistance of the spin valve sensor at minimum magnetoresistance. For this reason a spin valve sensor is sometimes referred to as a giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor. A spin valve sensor has a significantly higher magnetoresistive (MR) coefficient than an anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensor which does not employ a pinned layer.",
191
+ "The spin valve sensor is located between first and second nonmagnetic nonconductive first and second read gap layers and the first and second read gap layers are located between ferromagnetic first and second shield layers. The distance between the first and second shield layers is referred to in the art as the read gap. The read gap determines the linear bit density of the read head. When a magnetic disk of a magnetic disk drive rotates adjacent the read sensor, the read sensor detects magnetic field signals from the magnetic disk only within the read gap, namely the distance between the first and second shield layers. There is a strong-felt need to decrease the read gap so that the sensor is capable of detecting an increased number of field signals along a track of the rotating magnetic disk. By decreasing the read gap the magnetic storage capability of the disk drive is increased. These kinds of efforts have improved the magnetic storage of computers from kilobytes to megabytes to gigabytes.",
192
+ "Another scheme for increasing the magnetic storage of a disk drive in a computer is to provide a read sensor that produces a dual spin valve effect. This is accomplished by providing a ferromagnetic free layer structure between nonmagnetic conductive first and second spacer layers with the first and second spacer layers are located between first and second ferromagnetic pinned layer structures. The first pinned layer structure is exchange coupled to a first antiferromagnetic pinning layer which pins a magnetic moment of the first pinned layer structure in a first direction, typically perpendicular to the ABS, either toward or away from the ABS, and the second pinned layer structure is exchange coupled to a second antiferromagnetic pinning layer which pins the magnetic moment of the second pinned layer structure in the same direction as the moment of the first pinned layer structure. This scheme sets the magnetic moments of the first and second pinned layer structures in phase with respect to one another. The free layer structure has a magnetic moment which is typically parallel to the ABS, so that when magnetic field signals from a rotating magnetic disk are sensed by the read sensor the magnetic moments of the free layers rotate upwardly or downwardly, producing an increase or decrease in the aforementioned magnetoresistance, which is detected as playback signals. The importance of the dual spin valve sensor is that the spin valve effect is additive on each side of the free layer between the free layer structure and the first and second pinned layer structures. Unfortunately, the dual spin valve sensor is significantly thicker than a single pinned spin valve sensor because of the thicknesses of the first and second pinning layers. While the thicknesses of the various layers of a typical spin valve sensor range between 10 \u212b\u201370 \u212b the thicknesses of the antiferromagnetic pinning layers vary in a range from 120 \u212b\u2013425 \u212b. Iridium manganese (IrMn) permits the thinnest antiferromagnetic pinning layer of about 120 \u212b whereas an antiferromagnetic pinning layer composed of nickel oxide (NiO) is typically 425 \u212b. There is a strong-felt need to provide a dual GMR or spin valve sensor which is thinner than prior art dual spin valve sensors so that a dual spin valve effect can be obtained without significantly increasing the read gap.",
193
+ "The present invention provides a novel dual spin valve sensor which is thinner than prior art dual spin valve sensors. The present dual spin valve sensor may be the same as the aforementioned dual spin valve sensor except one of the pinned layer structures is a self-pinned layer which is located between a specular reflector structure and one of the spacer layers. The magnetic moment of the self-pinned layer is not pinned by an antiferromagnetic pinning layer but, in contrast, the magnetic moment is pinned by sense current fields from other layers in the spin valve sensor when the sense current is conducted through the spin valve sensor. In order for this to occur the thickness of the self-pinned layer should be maintained below 15 \u212b with a preferable thickness of 10 \u212b. The reason for this is because the thicker the self-pinned layer the greater the sense current fields that are required to pin the magnetic moment of the self-pinned layer. Unfortunately, when the self-pinned layer is thin there is a scattering of conduction electrons at a boundary of the self-pinned layer, which reduces the number of conduction electrons in the mean free path which, in turn, reduces the magnetoresistive coefficient (dr/R). The ideal situation is for the scattering events of the conduction electrons in the mean free path to be in phase. When there is scattering at a boundary of the mean free path this is referred to in the art as inelastic scattering which causes the scattering events to be out of phase and to work against one another to reduce the magnetoresistive coefficient (dr/R). Accordingly, a thin self-pinned layer does not provide an adequate boundary for the mean free path to prevent boundary scattering of conduction electrons.",
194
+ "I have found that by locating the self-pinned layer between a specular reflector structure and one of the spacer layers that the scattering of the conduction electrons at the boundary can be obviated. In a preferred embodiment, the specular reflector structure includes a first specular reflector layer composed of silver (Ag) and a second specular reflector layer composed of copper (Cu) with the second specular reflector layer being located between and interfacing the first specular reflector layer and the self-pinned layer. The specular reflector structure functions as a mirror in that conduction electrons are reflected by the specular reflector structure back into the mean free path of conduction electrons. Silver (Ag) is a better specular reflector than copper (Cu). Accordingly, the first specular reflector layer of silver (Ag) reflects the majority of the conduction electrons while the second specular reflector layer (Cu) reflects a smaller portion of the conduction electrons. However, the second specular reflector layer of copper (Cu) is highly desirable because of its compatibility with materials employed for the self-pinned layer and particularly for promoting a uniforms microstructure of the self-pinned layer which increases the magnetoresistive coefficient (dr/R).",
195
+ "In a preferred embodiment I have maintained the thickness of the second reflector layer of copper (Cu) as thin as possible so as to reduce current shunting. Current shunting is a portion of the sense current which is conducted through layers other than the free layer structure and the first and second spacer layers. Current shunting also reduces the magnetoresistive coefficient (dr/R). Accordingly, the second specular reflector layer of copper (Cu) is maintained with a thickness of about 10 \u212b. In the preferred embodiment the thickness of the first specular reflector layer of silver (Ag) is 20 \u212b. Accordingly, a total thickness of 30 \u212b of the specular reflector structure is significantly less than the thickness required for an antiferromagnetic pinning layer. In this example, the overall thickness of the present dual spin valve sensor is reduced by the difference between the thickness of an antiferromagnetic pinning layer and 30 \u212b. This can result in the present dual spin valve sensor having its thickness reduced by 90 \u212b\u2013395 \u212b.",
196
+ "An object of the present invention is to provide a dual spin valve read sensor which has a reduced thickness.",
197
+ "Another object is to provide a dual spin valve read sensor which has only one antiferromagnetic pinning layer.",
198
+ "A further object is to provide a dual spin valve sensor which has a specular reflector structure next to a self-pinned layer for reflecting conduction electrons into a mean free path of conduction electrons for increasing the magnetoresistive coefficient (dr/R).",
199
+ "Other objects and attendant advantages of the invention will be appreciated upon reading the following description taken together with the accompanying drawings.",
200
+ "FIG. 1 is a plan view of an exemplary magnetic disk drive;",
201
+ "FIG. 2 is an end view of a slider with a magnetic head of the disk drive as seen in plane 2\u20142;",
202
+ "FIG. 3 is an elevation view of the magnetic disk drive wherein multiple disks and magnetic heads are employed;",
203
+ "FIG. 4 is an isometric illustration of an exemplary suspension system for supporting the slider and magnetic head;",
204
+ "FIG. 5 is an ABS view of the magnetic head taken along plane 5\u20145 of FIG. 2;",
205
+ "FIG. 6 is a partial view of the slider and a piggyback magnetic head as seen in plane 6\u20146 of FIG. 2;",
206
+ "FIG. 7 is a partial view of the slider and a merged magnetic head as seen in plane 7\u20147 of FIG. 2;",
207
+ "FIG. 8 is a partial ABS view of the slider taken along plane 8\u20148 of FIG. 6 to show the read and write elements of the piggyback magnetic head;",
208
+ "FIG. 9 is a partial ABS view of the slider taken along plane 9\u20149 of FIG. 7 to show the read and write elements of the merged magnetic head;",
209
+ "FIG. 10 is a view taken along plane 10\u201410 of FIG. 6 or 7 with all material above the coil layer and leads removed;",
210
+ "FIG. 11 is an isometric ABS illustration of a read head which employs a spin valve (SV) sensor;",
211
+ "FIG. 12 is an ABS illustration of a first embodiment of the present dual spin valve sensor;",
212
+ "FIG. 13 is FIG. 12 rotated 90\u00b0 clockwise and 90\u00b0 toward the viewer;",
213
+ "FIG. 14 is an ABS illustration of a second embodiment of the present dual spin valve sensor;",
214
+ "FIG. 15 is FIG. 14 rotated 90\u00b0 clockwise and rotated 90\u00b0 toward the viewer;",
215
+ "FIG. 16 is an ABS illustration of a third embodiment of the dual spin valve sensor; and",
216
+ "FIG. 17 is FIG. 16 rotated clockwise 90\u00b0 and rotated 90\u00b0 toward the viewer.",
217
+ "FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional elevation view of a piggyback magnetic head 40, which includes a write head portion 70 and a read head portion 72, the read head portion employing a spin valve sensor 74 of the present invention. FIG. 8 is an ABS view of FIG. 6. The spin valve sensor 74 is sandwiched between nonmagnetic electrically insulative first and second read gap layers 76 and 78, and the read gap layers are sandwiched between ferromagnetic first and second shield layers 80 and 82. In response to external magnetic fields, the resistance of the spin valve sensor 74 changes. A sense current Is conducted through the sensor causes these resistance changes to be manifested as potential changes. These potential changes are then processed as readback signals by the processing circuitry 50 shown in FIG. 3.",
218
+ "The write head portion 70 of the magnetic head 40 includes a coil layer 84 sandwiched between first and second insulation layers 86 and 88. A third insulation layer 90 may be employed for planarizing the head to eliminate ripples in the second insulation layer caused by the coil layer 84. The first, second and third insulation layers are referred to in the art as an \u201cinsulation stack\u201d. The coil layer 84 and the first, second and third insulation layers 86, 88 and 90 are sandwiched between first and second pole piece layers 92 and 94. The first and second pole piece layers 92 and 94 are magnetically coupled at a back gap 96 and have first and second pole tips 98 and 100 which are separated by a write gap layer 102 at the ABS. An insulation layer 103 is located between the second shield layer 82 and the first pole piece layer 92. Since the second shield layer 82 and the first pole piece layer 92 are separate layers this head is known as a piggyback head. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, first and second solder connections 104 and 106 connect leads from the spin valve sensor 74 to leads 112 and 114 on the suspension 44, and third and fourth solder connections 116 and 118 connect leads 120 and 122 from the coil 84 (see FIG. 8) to leads 124 and 126 on the suspension.",
219
+ "FIGS. 7 and 9 are the same as FIGS. 6 and 8 except the second shield layer 82 and the first pole piece layer 92 are a common layer. This type of head is known as a merged magnetic head. The insulation layer 103 of the piggyback head in FIGS. 6 and 8 is omitted.",
220
+ "Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference numerals designate like or similar parts throughout the several views, FIGS. 1\u20133 illustrate a magnetic disk drive 30. The drive 30 includes a spindle 32 that supports and rotates a magnetic disk 34. The spindle 32 is rotated by a spindle motor 36 that is controlled by a motor controller 38. A combined read and write magnetic head 40 is mounted on a slider 42 that is supported by a suspension 44 and actuator arm 46 which is rotatably positioned by an actuator 47. A plurality of disks, sliders and suspensions may be employed in a large capacity direct access storage device (DASD) as shown in FIG. 3. The suspension 44 and actuator arm 46 position the slider 42 so that the magnetic head 40 is in a transducing relationship with a surface of the magnetic disk 34. When the disk 34 is rotated by the motor 36 the slider is supported on a thin (typically, 0.05 \u03bcm) cushion of air (air bearing) between the surface of the disk 34 and the air bearing surface (ABS) 48. The magnetic head 40 may then be employed for writing information to multiple circular tracks on the surface of the disk 34, as well as for reading information therefrom. Processing circuitry 50 exchanges signals, representing such information, with the head 40, provides motor drive signals for rotating the magnetic disk 34, and provides control signals to the actuator 47 for moving the slider to various tracks on the disk. In FIG. 4 the slider 42 is shown mounted to a suspension 44. The components described hereinabove may be mounted on a frame 54 of a housing, as shown in FIG. 3.",
221
+ "FIG. 5 is an ABS view of the slider 42 and the magnetic head 40. The slider has a center rail 56 that supports the magnetic head 40, and side rails 58 and 60. The rails 56, 58 and 60 extend from a cross rail 62. With respect to rotation of the magnetic disk 34, the cross rail 62 is at a leading edge 64 of the slider and the magnetic head 40 is at a trailing edge 66 of the slider.",
222
+ "FIG. 11 is an isometric ABS illustration of the read head 72 shown in FIG. 6 or 8. The read head 72 includes the present spin valve sensor 130. First and second hard bias and lead layers 134 and 136 are connected to first and second side edges 138 and 140 of the spin valve sensor. This connection is known in the art as a contiguous junction. The first hard bias and lead layers 134 include a first hard bias layer 140 and a first lead layer 142 and the second hard bias and lead layers 136 include a second hard bias layer 144 and a second lead layer 146. The hard bias layers 140 and 144 cause magnetic fields to extend longitudinally through the spin valve sensor 130 for stabilizing magnetic domains therein The spin valve sensor 130 and the first and second hard bias and lead layers 134 and 136 are located between nonmagnetic electrically insulative first and second read gap layers 148 and 150. The first and second read gap layers 148 and 150 are, in turn, located between ferromagnetic first and second shield layers 152 and 154.",
223
+ "A first embodiment of the present dual spin valve sensor 200 is illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13. The sensor 200 includes a ferromagnetic free layer structure 202 which is located between nonmagnetic conductive first and second spacer layers (S) 204 and 206. The designation of first and second layers throughout the description has no significance regarding their respective locations which means that the spacer layer 206 could be the first spacer layer and the spacer layer 204 could be the second spacer layer. The first and second spacer layers 204 and 206 are located between a pinned layer structure (P), which is preferably a single pinned layer 208, and a self-pinned layer (SP) 210 respectively. The pinned layer 208 is exchange coupled to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) pinning layer 212 which pins a magnetic moment 214 of the pinned layer perpendicular to the ABS in a direction toward the ABS or away from the ABS, as shown in FIG. 12. A cap layer 216 may be on the pinning layer 212 for protecting it from subsequent processing steps.",
224
+ "The self-pinned layer 210 has a magnetic moment 218 which is pinned parallel to the magnetic moment 214 by sense current fields from the conductive layers of the spin valve sensor. When the sense current IS is conducted through the spin valve sensor, the conductive layers above the self-pinned layer 210 exert sense current fields on the self-pinned layer 210 in a direction which is away from the ABS so that the magnetic moment 218 is away from the ABS parallel to the magnetic moment 214. In order for this pinning action to be effective the thickness of the self-pinned layer 210 should be minimal, such as 10 \u212b. This is because the demagnetization fields from the self-pinned layer has to be less than the sense current fields acting thereon. The demagnetization field of the self-pinned layer is determined by the following formula: \n\n\n\n demag\n =\n \n \n 4\n \u2062\n \n \n \n \u2062\n \u03c0\n \u2062\n \n \n \n \u2062\n \n M\n S\n \n \u2062\n t\n \n \n stripe\n \u2062\n \n \n \n \u2062\n height\n \n \n\n\n\n\nwhere MS is saturation magnetization of the self-pinned layer 210, t is the thickness of the self-pinned layer and stripe height is the distance between the ABS and the recessed opposite end of the self-pinned layer. For instance, if the self-pinned layer 210 is cobalt iron (CoFe), has a thickness of 10 \u212b and a stripe height of 0.5 \u03bcm, the demagnetization field of the self-pinned layer is 32 Oe. Accordingly, the sense current fields acting on the self-pinned layer 210 should exceed 32 Oe in order to pin the magnetic moment 218 perpendicular to the ABS. Total sense current fields acting on the self-pinned layer 210 are typically between 40 \u201350 Oe excluding the AFM layer 212. If the pinning layer 212 is composed of a conductive antiferromagnetic material, such as platinum manganese (PtMn), nickel manganese (NiMn), iron manganese (FeMn) or iridium manganese (IrMn), the pinning layer will also contribute a sense current field that pins the magnetic moment 218. In a preferred embodiment the pinning layer 212 is a conductive material for enhancing pinning of the magnetic moment 218.",
225
+ "Unfortunately, the self-pinned layer 210 is so thin that it does not provide an adequate barrier for conduction electrons within the mean free path of conduction electrons between the free layer structure 202 and the self-pinned layer 210. When conduction electrons are scattered at the boundary of the self-pinned layer 210 they are lost from scattering events of the conduction electrons in the mean free path of conduction electrons between the self-pinned layer 210 and the free layer structure 202. Consequently, the magnetoresistive coefficient (dr/R) of the dual spin valve sensor 200 is reduced.",
226
+ "In order to overcome the loss of conduction electrons from phased scattering events of conduction electrons in the mean free path of conduction electrons I have provided a specular reflector structure 222. In a preferred embodiment the specular reflector structure 222 includes a first specular reflector layer 226 composed of copper (Cu) and a second specular layer 228 composed of silver (Ag) or gold (Au), the composition preferably being silver (Ag). The first specular reflector layer 226 is located between and interfaces the self-pinned layer 210 and the second specular reflector layer 228. Silver (Ag) or gold (Au) has greater specular reflection than copper (Cu), however, copper (Cu) has compatibility at high temperatures with the materials typically employed for the self-pinned layer 210, such as cobalt iron (CoFe) or cobalt (Co). Since the first specular reflector layer 226 of copper (Cu) has a lower specular reflection, its thickness is preferably minimal, such as 10 \u212b, while the higher specular reflecting second specular reflector layer 228 of silver (Ag) or gold (Au) has an increased thickness, which is preferably 20 \u212b.",
227
+ "With the above scheme the self-pinned layer 210 performs in the same manner as the pinned layer 208. Accordingly, the spin valve sensor 200 has a high spin valve effect on both sides of the free layer structure 202 which are combined for significantly increasing the magnetoresistive coefficient (dr/R) of the sensor. This has been accomplished by eliminating the requirement of an antiferromagnetic pinning layer exchange coupled to the self-pinned layer 210 for pinning its magnetic moment 220. By eliminating this antiferromagnetic pinning layer the overall thickness of the dual spin valve sensor 200 has been reduced by the thickness of the eliminated antiferromagnetic pinning layer less the thicknesses of the first and second specular reflecting layers 226 and 228. Accordingly, a read head employing the spin valve sensor 200 will have a significantly reduced read gap as compared to a read head employing a prior art dual spin valve sensor which has two antiferromagnetic pinning layers.",
228
+ "The free layer structure 202 may include a free layer (F) 230 which is located between first and second nanolayers (N) 232 and 234. The Free layer 230 may be 30 \u212b of nickel iron (NiFe) and each of the nanolayers 232 and 234 may be 10 \u212b of cobalt iron (CoFe) or cobalt (Co). It has been found that the nanolayers 232 and 234 increase the magnetoresistive coefficient (dr/R) when placed between the free layer 230 and the first and second spacer layers 204 and 206. A tantalum seed layer (SL) 232 20 \u212b thick may be located between a first gap layer (G1) 234 and the first specular reflector layer 228 for promoting an improved microstructure of the first specular reflector layer 228.",
229
+ "Exemplary thicknesses and materials for the other layers are the antiferromagnetic pinning layer 212 being 200 \u212b of platinum manganese (PtMn), the pinned layer 208 being 20 \u212b of cobalt iron (CoFe) or cobalt (Co), each of the first and second spacer layers 204 and 206 being 20 \u212b of copper (Cu) and the cap layer 224 being 50 \u212b of tantalum (Ta).",
230
+ "FIG. 13 illustrates the sense current fields from all conductive layers acting on the self-pinned layer 210 other than the antiferromagnetic pinning layer 212. It is important that the sense current IS be conducted through the spin valve sensor 200 so that the sense current fields orient the magnetic moment 218 of the self-pinned layer in a direction that is parallel to the magnetic moment 214 of the pinned layer. When these magnetic moments are parallel they are referred to as being in phase. The magnetic moment 236 of the free layer structure is parallel to the ABS and may be directed to the left or to the right, as shown in FIG. 16. Accordingly, when signal fields are detected by the spin valve sensor 200 the magnetic moment 236 of the free layer structure rotates upwardly or downwardly decreasing or increasing the magnetoresistance respectively of the sensor, which resistance changes are detected in the sense current circuit as potential changes which are detected as playback signals. The spin valve sensor 200 shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 is referred to in the art as a top spin valve sensor since the antiferromagnetic pinning layer 212 is located at the top of the sensor closer to the second gap layer (150 in FIG. 11) than the first gap layer 238 (148 in FIG. 11). Another embodiment of the present invention is a bottom spin valve sensor which is described hereinafter.",
231
+ "In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12 the magnetic spins of the antiferromagnetic layer 212 are set with an outside magnetic field in the presence of heat to direct the magnetic moment 214 away from the ABS so as to set the magnetic spins of the antiferromagnetic pinning layer 212 in the same direction. Accordingly, the blocking temperature of the antiferromagnetic pinning layer 212 should be higher than the operating temperature of the spin valve sensor so that the sense current fields acting on the pinned layer 208 will not reorient the magnetic moment 214.",
232
+ "A second embodiment of the present dual spin valve sensor 300 is illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15. The dual spin valve sensor 300 is the same as the spin valve sensor 200 illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13 except an antiparallel (AP) pinned layer structure 302 has been substituted for the pinned layer 208, the second specular reflector layer 228 may optionally be gold (Au), the seed layer 232 may optionally be nickel manganese oxide (NiMnO) or zirconium (Zr), and the first specular reflector layer 226 may be composed of an alloy of copper (Cu) and X where X is a high resistance material such as nickel (Ni), zirconium (Zr) or chromium (Cr) for reducing shunting of the sense current through the first specular reflector structure 222. The AP pinned layer structure 302 includes an antiparallel coupling layer 304 which is located between first and second ferromagnetic antiparallel layers (AP1) and (AP2) 306 and 308. The first antiparallel layer 306 is exchange coupled to the antiferromagnetic pinning layer 212 which pins the magnetic moment 310 of the first antiparallel pinned layer 306 perpendicular to the ABS in a direction away from or toward the ABS, as shown in FIG. 14. By strong antiparallel coupling between the first and second antiparallel pinned layers 306 and 308 the magnetic moment 312 of the second AP pinned layer is pinned antiparallel to the magnetic moment 310. Accordingly, the magnetic moments 218 and 312 are in phase for enabling spin valve effects that are additive on each side of the free layer structure 202.",
233
+ "The AP pinned layer structure 302 is preferred over the single pinned layer 208 in FIG. 12. Since the magnetic spins of the antiferromagnetic pinning layer 212 are oriented by the magnetic moment 310 of the first AP pinned layer the sense current fields from the conductive layers acting on the first AP pinned layer 306 urge the magnetic moment 312 away from ABS instead of toward the ABS, as shown at 214 in FIG. 12. It should be noted that the first AP pinned layer 306 is 24 \u212b of cobalt iron (CoFe) while the second AP pinned layer 308 is 20 \u212b of cobalt iron (CoFe). The thicker first AP pinned layer 306 permits the first AP pinned layer to be the controlling layer within the AP pinned layer structure 302 when orientation of the magnetic spins of the pinning layer is set. The antiparallel coupling layer 304 between the first and second AP pinned layers 306 and 308 is typically 8 \u212b of ruthenium (Ru).",
234
+ "FIG. 15 illustrates the sense current fields acting on the self-pinned layer 210 when the sense current IS is directed into the page, as shown in FIG. 15. The direction of the sense current is important for ensuring that the magnetic moment 218 of the self-pinned layer is parallel to the magnetic moment 312 of the second AP pinned layer 308. Accordingly, when the magnetic moment 236 of the free layer is rotated upwardly or downwardly in response to signal fields from a rotating magnetic disk the magnetoresistance will decrease or increase respectively for changing the potential in a sense current circuit so that these potentials can be detected as playback signals. It should also be noted that the sense current IS may be employed for resetting the magnetic spins of the pinning layer 212 which is not true for the embodiment in FIG. 12.",
235
+ "A third embodiment of the present spin valve sensor 400 is shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. This spin valve sensor is the same as the spin valve sensor 200 shown in FIG. 12 except all of the layers of the spin valve sensor have been reversed or turned upside down except for the seed layer 232 and the cap layer 216. This type of spin valve sensor is referred to in the art as a bottom spin valve sensor since the antiferromagnetic pinning layer 212 is now located at the bottom instead of at the top. It should be noted that the sense current IS now causes the magnetic moment 218 of the self-pinned layer to be toward the ABS instead of away from the ABS. Accordingly, the magnetic moment 214 of the pinned layer 208 should be pinned perpendicular to and toward the ABS by the antiferromagnetic pinning layer 212 so that the magnetic moments 214 and 218 are parallel with respect to one another. With the magnetic moment 236 of the free layer structure parallel to the ABS, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, a rotation upwardly or downwardly of the magnetic moment 236 in response to a signal field from a rotating magnetic disk will increase or decrease the magnetoresistance of the spin valve sensor 400 which causes changes in the resistance in the sense current circuit producing potential changes which can be detected as readback signals.",
236
+ "It should be understood that the ferromagnetic layers described hereinabove may be constructed of various ferromagnetic materials such as nickel iron RiFe), cobalt iron (CoFe) or cobalt (Co). The thicknesses of the layers are exemplary and may be varied as desired keeping in mind that they should be as thin as possible in order to promote an improved read gap. In this regard the free layer structure 202 is preferably 30 \u212b as shown in FIG. 12. The pinning layers may be constructed of various antiferromagnetic materials. Nonmagnetic nonconductive antiferromagnetic materials are nickel oxide (NiO) and alpha iron oxide (\u03b1Fe2O3) and antiferromagnetic conductive materials are platinum manganese (PtMn), nickel manganese (NiMn), iron manganese (FeMn) and iridium manganese (IrMn). Conductive antiferromagnetic materials may be employed for enhancing pinning of the self-pinned layer 210. A preferred conductive antiferromagnetic material is iridium manganese (Mn) which will pin the pinned layer when its thickness is only 120 \u212b. The spin valve sensors described hereinabove are employed in the read head shown in FIG. 11 which may be further employed in the magnetic disk drive shown in FIG. 3.",
237
+ "Clearly, other embodiments and modifications of this invention will occur readily to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of these teachings. Therefore, this invention is to be limited only by following claims, which include all such embodiments and modifications when viewed in conjunction with the above specification and accompanying drawings."
238
+ ],
239
+ "citations": [
240
+ "5974657"
241
+ ],
242
+ "us_classification": "2960314",
243
+ "international_classifications": [
244
+ {
245
+ "classification_level": "A",
246
+ "section": "G",
247
+ "classification_class": "11",
248
+ "subclass": "B",
249
+ "main_group": "5",
250
+ "subgroup": "187"
251
+ }
252
+ ]
253
+ }
json_patents/06983531.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Spin valve head having lead overlay",
3
+ "abstract": "A GMR read head is described. The device comprises a spin valve stack whose top layer is a first capping layer. On the first capping layer are two additional layers, a lead overlay layer and a second capping layer. These are divided into two opposing portions, separated from each other by a trench that is filled with a dielectric. A bias layer and a conductive lead layer contact the stack on its sidewalls.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Horng",
6
+ "Tong",
7
+ "Ju"
8
+ ],
9
+ "document_number": "06983531",
10
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
11
+ "assignees": [
12
+ "Headway Technologies, Inc."
13
+ ],
14
+ "claims": [
15
+ {
16
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
17
+ "preamble": "1. A GMR read head device, comprising:",
18
+ "components": [
19
+ {
20
+ "component": "a lower dielectric layer on a lower magnetic shield layer;",
21
+ "subcomponents": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "component": "on the lower dielectric layer, a seed layer on which is a buffer layer;",
25
+ "subcomponents": []
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "component": "on the buffer layer, a free layer on which is a layer of non-magnetic material;",
29
+ "subcomponents": []
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "component": "on the non-magnetic layer, a two layer laminate that serves as a pinned layer;",
33
+ "subcomponents": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "component": "on the pinned layer, a first capping layer having an upper surface;",
37
+ "subcomponents": []
38
+ },
39
+ {
40
+ "component": "on the first capping layer a lead overlay layer on which is a second capping layer;",
41
+ "subcomponents": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "component": "centrally located within the device, a first trench that extends downwards through the lead overlay layer as far as a first distance below the upper surface of the first capping layer, said first trench having a 45 degree sidewall;",
45
+ "subcomponents": []
46
+ },
47
+ {
48
+ "component": "a pair of second trenches, symmetrically disposed on either side of the first trench, separated from said first trench by a spacing, that extend downwards a second distance into the first dielectric layer, said pair of second trenches having sloping sidewalls;",
49
+ "subcomponents": []
50
+ },
51
+ {
52
+ "component": "a layer of hard bias material in the second trenches and that fully coats said sloping sidewalls and that partly overlaps said second capping layer;",
53
+ "subcomponents": []
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "component": "a layer of conductor lead material that exactly overlays the layer of hard bias material and that overfills the second trenches; and",
57
+ "subcomponents": []
58
+ },
59
+ {
60
+ "component": "a second dielectric layer that covers the first trench, the second capping layer, and the conductor lead layer.",
61
+ "subcomponents": []
62
+ }
63
+ ]
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
67
+ "preamble": "2. The device described in claim 1 wherein the seed layer is selected from the group consisting of nickel-chromium and nickel-iron-chromium.",
68
+ "components": []
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
72
+ "preamble": "3. The device described in claim 1 wherein the buffer layer further comprises a layer of ruthenium between 5 and 7 Angstroms thick and a layer of copper between 5 and 10 Angstroms thick.",
73
+ "components": []
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
77
+ "preamble": "4. The device described in claim 1 wherein the multi-layer laminate that is suitable for use as a pinned layer further comprises, in order, layers of cobalt-iron, ruthenium, cobalt-iron, and manganese platinum.",
78
+ "components": []
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
82
+ "preamble": "5. The device described in claim 1 wherein the first capping layer is selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, and tungsten and is between 50 and 70 Angstroms thick.",
83
+ "components": []
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
87
+ "preamble": "6. The device described in claim 1 wherein the lead overlay layer is selected from the group consisting of gold and copper, and is between 200 and 300 Angstroms thick.",
88
+ "components": []
89
+ },
90
+ {
91
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
92
+ "preamble": "7. The device described in claim 1 wherein the second capping layer is selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, tungsten, and silicon and is between 150 and 250 Angstroms thick.",
93
+ "components": []
94
+ },
95
+ {
96
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
97
+ "preamble": "8. The device described in claim 1 wherein said first distance below the upper shield and the surface of the first capping layer is between 140 and 160 Angstroms.",
98
+ "components": []
99
+ },
100
+ {
101
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
102
+ "preamble": "9. The device described in claim 1 wherein said second distance into the first dielectric layer is between 30 and 40 Angstroms.",
103
+ "components": []
104
+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
107
+ "preamble": "10. The device described in claim 1 wherein the spacing that separates the first trench from each of the second trenches is between 0.1 and 0.15 microns.",
108
+ "components": []
109
+ },
110
+ {
111
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
112
+ "preamble": "11. The device described in claim 1 wherein the first trench has sidewalls that slope by no more than 45 degrees away from vertical and the second trenches have sidewalls that slope by at least 60 degrees away from vertical.",
113
+ "components": []
114
+ }
115
+ ],
116
+ "description": [
117
+ "This is a division of patent application Ser. No. 09/747,234, filing date Dec. 26, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,634,087, Spin Valve Head Having Lead Overlay, assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.",
118
+ "The invention relates to the general field of magnetic read heads with particular reference to GMR structures for use in reading data recorded at densities in the 100 Gb per sq. in. range.",
119
+ "Requirements on transducers for ultra-high recording densities (greater than 60 Gb/in2) place certain constraints on the properties of the read and write heads needed to achieve this. These fundamental constraints have a profound influence on the design and fabrication of the read/write transducers. To achieve extremely high recording densities, Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) reader design has to be capable of very high linear bit density (BPI) and also very high track density (TPI). Consequently, GMR devices continue to be pushed to narrower track widths and to thinner free layers to maintain high signal output in spite of reductions in track width and reduced gap length.",
120
+ "A critical issue for a very narrow track width is possible large amplitude and sensor stability loss. One approach that has been proposed to alleviate the amplitude loss and sensor stability concern is to use a lead overlay design. In lead overlay design, MR sensor track width is defined by conductor lead edge while the contiguous hard bias junction is placed outside the lead overlay.",
121
+ "For reader device situated within a reduced gap (i.e. thin upper dielectric layer), lead overlay topography becomes very critical. The bi-layer resist structure for conductor lift-off is normally made with an undercut in the bottom resist layer. For a very narrow track width, there is no room for creating this resist undercut so conductor lead structures formed using conventional lift-off process are exposed to a high probability of ending up with bridging conductor leads as well as conductor lead fencing. The former results in current shunting, while the latter leads to sensor to shield shorts. Additionally, lead overlays formed during a conductor lead lift-off process is usually associated with poor contact resistance at the lead overlay and GMR interface.",
122
+ "In the present invention the bias and conductor lead substructures are formed without the use of a liftoff process.",
123
+ "A routine search of the prior art was performed with the following references of interest being found: U.S. Pat. No. 5,985,162 (Han et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,103,136 (Han et al.), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,007,731 (Han et al.) all show lead lift off processes. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,966,273, Matsumoto et al. show a lead process while in U.S. Pat. No. 5,491,600, Chen et al. show a multi-layered lead and associated process.",
124
+ "It has been an object of the present invention to provide a spin valve magnetic read head suitable for use with ultra-high recording densities,",
125
+ "Another object of the invention has been to provide a process for the manufacture of said read head.",
126
+ "A further object has been that said process produce a product that is free of conductor lead bridging, conductor lead fencing, and contact resistance at the lead overlayer and GMR structure interface.",
127
+ "These objects have been achieved by means of a process wherein a first capping layer is deposited through DC sputtering and, without breaking vacuum, a lead overlay layer is then deposited on the first capping layer. This is followed by deposition, also by DC sputtering, of a second capping layer which is patterned so that it becomes a hard mask. Then, using this hard mask, the lead overlay layer is removed from the center of the structure by means of ion beam etching. The hard bias and conductor lead layers are then formed inside parallel trenches with the use of liftoff processes.",
128
+ "FIG. 1 illustrates the basic layer structure of the spin valve portion of the device that constitutes the present invention.",
129
+ "FIG. 2 shows the structure of FIG. 1 after the addition of a lead overlay layer that is sandwiched between two capping layers.",
130
+ "FIGS. 3\u20135 illustrate how the central trench is etched with the upper cap layer used as a hard mask.",
131
+ "FIG. 6 shows the etching of the two outer trenches.",
132
+ "FIG. 7 shows FIG. 6 after deposition of the hard bias and conductor lead layers.",
133
+ "FIG. 8 shows the completed structure.",
134
+ "FIG. 9 shows both edges of the completed structure.",
135
+ "It is important to note that the order in which the various layers of the present invention are deposited as well as the thicknesses specified for them are critical, as opposed to optimal. A structure having the same set of layers as the present invention, but having one or more whose thicknesses lie outside the specified ranges, will not operate properly. It may also be possible to form structures having the same layers, with the same thicknesses in the same order, as those of the present invention but formed using one or more different sub-processes (such as liftoff instead of subtractive etching). Such structures will, in general, have a production yield and operating reliability that is different from that of devices made by following all the teachings of the present invention.",
136
+ "We now describe the present invention in terms of the process used for its manufacture. This description will also serve to clarify the structure of the present invention. For convenience, only the right hand side of the device has been shown in FIGS. 1 through 8. A fuller visualization of the structure may be obtained by jumping ahead to FIG. 9 which shows both ends of the structure.",
137
+ "We begin our description by referring to FIG. 1. The process begins with the provision of lower magnetic shield layer 15. On this is deposited the lower dielectric layer 17 to a thickness between about 120 and 160 Angstroms. More specifically, layer 17 is formed by first depositing a layer of tantalum (not shown), converting it to tantalum oxide, and then depositing a layer of aluminum oxide on this tantalum oxide layer. With layer 17 in place, the next step is the deposition of seed layer 10 (for which we have used nickel-chromium but other materials such as nickel-iron-chromium could also have been used). The thickness of layer 10 is between about 40 and 60 Angstroms.",
138
+ "The next layer to be deposited is free layer 11 onto which is deposited layer of non-magnetic material 12 (typically copper). This is followed by synthetic antiferromagnetic pinned layer 13 onto which is deposited the final layer (for the basic spin valve portion of the device) which is manganese platinum layer 14. Layer 13 consists of a layer of cobalt iron between about 15 and 25 Angstroms thick followed by a spacer layer (not shown) that is a layer of ruthenium between about 6 and 9 Angstroms thick and a layer of cobalt-iron (also not shown) between about 15 and 25 Angstroms thick. Layers 13 and 14 together form the pinned layer portion of the device.",
139
+ "Referring now to FIG. 2, capping layer 23 is deposited onto layer 14. A requirement for capping layer 23 is that it have a low IBE (ion beam etching) rate while still being subject to RIE (reactive ion etching). Our preferred material for this has been tantalum because it is already one of the components of a GMR configuration, but similar materials such titanium or tungsten could also have been used. It is between about 50 and 70 Angstroms thick, and it is a key feature of the invention that this layer be deposited through DC sputtering and that, without breaking vacuum, lead overlay layer 24 is deposited onto capping layer 23 and, again through DC sputtering and still without breaking vacuum, a second capping layer 26 (also of tantalum between about 150 and 250 Angstroms thick) is deposited onto lead overlay layer 24. More specifically, the term \u2018without breaking vacuum\u2019, as used here, implies maintaining a pressure (other than the partial pressure of the sputtering gases) that is no greater than about 10\u22126 torr. Our preferred material for lead overlay layer 24 has been gold deposited to a thickness between about 200 and 300 Angstroms, but other materials, such as copper (between about 150 and 250 Angstroms thick) could also have been used.",
140
+ "Next, as illustrated in FIG. 3, capping layer 26 is coated with photoresist layer 31 which is patterned to define a centrally located trench following which layer 26 is RIE etched using trifluoro methane, so that it becomes a hard mask as shown in FIG. 4. Then, using this hard mask, IBE is used to form centrally located trench 55, as shown in FIG. 5. Trench 55 has sidewalls that slope by no more than 45 degrees away from vertical and its depth is such that all unprotected portions of lead overlay layer 24 are removed as well as portions of both capping layers. This is the result of intentionally over-etching so that about 70% of layer 26 and about 50% of layer 23 get removed during this step.",
141
+ "At this stage in the process the wafer (of which the device is a part), is annealed so that the pinned layer direction can be set up. Annealing conditions are heating for between about 5 and 10 hours at a temperature between about 250 and 280\u00b0 C. in the presence of a magnetic field whose strength is between about 6,000 and 10,000 Oersted. Additionally, this heat treatment causes some diffusion of both tantalum capping layers into overlay layer 24 which results in a strengthening of the overlay layer.",
142
+ "Referring now to FIG. 6, the GPC (GMR/Permant magnet/Conductor lead) process is used for the formation of the hard bias and conductor leads. Using a lift-off resist pattern to define trenches 65, IBE is used to form the trenches 65. These are two trenches that run parallel to trench 55, being symmetrically disposed on either side thereof and separated therefrom by between about 0.1 and 0.15 microns. Trenches 65, being formed by IBE, extend downwards to a depth such that a small portion of lower dielectric layer 17 is removed. These trenches have sloping sidewalls that slopes no more than 30 degrees below horizontal.",
143
+ "Referring now to FIG. 7, a layer of hard bias material 71 is then deposited inside trenches 65 to a thickness sufficient to partly fill these trenches and to also fully coat sloping sidewalls 66. After hard bias layer deposition, conductor lead layers such as Ta/Au/Ta are then deposited. The conductive lead layers being confined to inside trenches 65 except for a small amount of overlap 75 of upper capping layer 26, as shown in FIG. 7. The conductor lead layer 72 is selectively deposited over bias layer 71 to a thickness that is sufficient to overfill trenches 65 without increasing the magnitude of overlap 75. To minimize the overlap, hard bias and conductive lead layers are, preferably, deposited through ion beam deposition (IBD).",
144
+ "The process of the present invention then concludes with successive depositions of upper dielectric layer 81 and upper magnetic shield 82, over the entire wafer.",
145
+ "Experimental Confirmation",
146
+ "After completing a device using the lead overlay process described above, magnetic performance properties of this device was compared with a reference GMR unit. The results are listed in TABLE I below:",
147
+ "TABLE I\n\n\n\n\n\nStructure:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNiFe 82%, MnPt 43%\nBs\nHc\nHe\nHk\nRs\nDr/r\nDr\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNiCr55/BCL5/Cu5/NiFe15/\n0.23\n7.7\n\u22123.4\n6.4\n19.1\n12.6\n2.40\n\n\nCoFe10/Cu20/Cofe19/\n\n\nRu7.5/CoFe21/MnPt120/\n\n\nTa50(reference)\n\n\nNiCr55/BCL5/Cu5/NiFe15/\n\n\n\n\n1.5\n\n\nCoFe10/Cu20/Cofe19/\n\n\nRu7.5/CoFe21/MnPt120/\n\n\nTa50/Cu250/Ta200\n\n\nAfter removing 200 \u212b of\n\n\n\n\n1.6\n\n\nTa by reactive ion etching\n\n\nAfter ion beam etching\n0.24\n7.7\n\u22122.2\n9.0\n18.9\n13.2\n2.49\n\n\nto remove copper\n\n\n\n\n\nwhere Bs = free layer moment,\n\n\nHc = coercivity,\n\n\nHe = inter-layer coupling field,\n\n\nHk = anisotropy field,\n\n\nRs = GMR sheet resistance,\n\n\nBCL = Ru",
148
+ "With the presence of the lead overlay layers, the sheet resistance is 1.5 ohm/sq. After IBE to remove Cu lead overlay, Rs of the GMR stack is 18.9 ohm/sq. The Rs is equivalent to that of the reference GMR stack. Other magnetic properties of the lead overlaid wafer are also equivalent to the reference wafer. Thus, the subtractive lead overlay process does not create damage to the GMR sensor.",
149
+ "For a 150\u212b Cu lead overlay, the resistance aspect ratio between the GMR and Exchange/Lead Overlay is around 6.0. Thus, the lead overlay is a low resistance path for conducting the sensor current.",
150
+ "While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention."
151
+ ],
152
+ "citations": [
153
+ "5491600",
154
+ "5862022",
155
+ "5966273",
156
+ "5978183",
157
+ "5985162",
158
+ "6007731",
159
+ "6103136",
160
+ "6162582",
161
+ "6195229",
162
+ "6226158",
163
+ "6614630",
164
+ "6714387",
165
+ "6785954",
166
+ "6798622",
167
+ "2003/0202295",
168
+ "2005/0068685",
169
+ "2005/0094321",
170
+ "2005/0094325"
171
+ ],
172
+ "us_classification": "2960314",
173
+ "international_classifications": [
174
+ {
175
+ "classification_level": "A",
176
+ "section": "G",
177
+ "classification_class": "11",
178
+ "subclass": "B",
179
+ "main_group": "5",
180
+ "subgroup": "127"
181
+ }
182
+ ]
183
+ }
json_patents/06983532.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "In-line program system for assembly printed circuit board",
3
+ "abstract": "An in-line programming (ILP) system and method for programming and testing programmable integrated circuit devices (PICs) and performing the assembly of printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs). Printed circuit boards enter and leave the ILP system on a conveyor system. PICs are loaded into the ILP system, and the ILP system automatically programs and tests the PICs and places them onto the PCBs as the PCBs arrive on the conveyor. The programming and testing operations are performed by the same piece of equipment that performs the PCBA assembly operation.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "White"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983532",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "BP Microsystems"
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A system for use within a surface mount production line having a conveyor for receiving a printed circuit board, and for moving the printed circuit board through the surface mount production line, the system comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "a concurrent programming system containing first and second programming sites;",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "a pick and place system for picking up first and second electronic devices from one or more tray shuttles, and for placing the first and second electronic devices within the first and second programming sites, respectively, the first and second electronic devices being programmable in a concurrent manner and independent of each other; and",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "component": "a central control unit for communicating with the conveyor, the concurrent programming system, and the pick and place system, the central control unit directing the conveyor to move the printed circuit board permitting the pick and place system to place the first and second electronic devices on the printed circuit board after the devices are programmed;",
27
+ "subcomponents": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "component": "wherein the conveyor system is controlled according to state variables associated with receiving a printed circuit board from an upstream device and providing an assembled printed circuit board assembly to a downstream device, and wherein the state variables include one or more of a first variable indicating that the upstream device is ready to deliver the printed circuit board, a second variable indicating that the downstream device is ready to receive the assembled printed circuit board assembly, a third variable indicating that the conveyor system is ready to receive the printed circuit board, and a fourth variable indicating that the conveyor system is ready to deliver the assembled printed circuit board assembly.",
31
+ "subcomponents": []
32
+ }
33
+ ]
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
37
+ "preamble": "2. The system of claim 1 wherein the concurrent programming system further comprises a controller for each of the first and second programming sites for independently programming each of the first and second programming sites.",
38
+ "components": []
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
42
+ "preamble": "3. The system of claim 2 wherein the pick and place device further comprises a controller for servicing requests from the concurrent programming system and the conveyor.",
43
+ "components": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
47
+ "preamble": "4. The system of claim 3 wherein the system making a request provides the location from which to pick up a device.",
48
+ "components": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
52
+ "preamble": "5. The system of claim 1 further comprising tracks or rails enabling movement of the pick and place device within the system.",
53
+ "components": []
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
57
+ "preamble": "6. The system of claim 1 further comprising one or more sensors for detecting when the conveyor delivers a printed circuit board to the system.",
58
+ "components": []
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
62
+ "preamble": "7. The system of claim 1 further comprising four parallel asynchronous processes upon which operations of the system depend.",
63
+ "components": []
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
67
+ "preamble": "8. The system of claim 1 wherein the pick and place device includes self-teaching capability for determining the precise locations at which to pick and place the first and second programmable devices.",
68
+ "components": []
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
72
+ "preamble": "9. The system of claim 1 further comprising employing fiducial recognition techniques to determine the location at which the programmable device is to be placed.",
73
+ "components": []
74
+ }
75
+ ],
76
+ "description": [
77
+ "This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/776,095, filed Feb. 1, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,687,986, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/493,953, filed Jan. 28, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,230,067, entitled \u201cIn-Line Programming System and Method,\u201d which is related to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/117,873 filed Jan. 29, 1999, entitled \u201cN-LINE PROGRAMMING DEVICE WITH SELF TEACHING CAPACITY,\u201d and the disclosures of each are hereby incorporated by reference.",
78
+ "The present invention generally relates to concurrent automated programming of programmable electronic devices, and more particularly to programming and testing multiple device types and patterns and performing circuit board assembly simultaneously in a single in-line programming device.",
79
+ "In the semiconductor industry, a considerable number of electronic devices such as programmable integrated circuit (PIC) devices are provided by vendors in programmable form with blank memories or unspecified connections between arrays of logic. Users can then custom configure or program the electronic devices to perform their intended function by programming them, transferring or \u201cburning in\u201d a sequence of operating codes into the memory, or by specifying a particular arrangement of gating logic connections.",
80
+ "Numerous manufacturers have developed automated machinery for handling and programming such devices. Such machinery moves blank devices from a source medium (e.g., trays, tubes, tape) to one or more programming sites, carries out the programming operation on each device, and moves programmed devices from the programming sites to an output medium (e.g., trays, tubes, tape). Typical users of automated programming equipment are highly sensitive to system throughput, which is typically measured in correctly programmed devices per hour, and yield, which is typically defined as the percentage of devices which are correctly programmed.",
81
+ "Before any printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) containing a programmable integrated circuit (PIC) can be used, the PIC must be configured, or programmed, so that it may perform its intended function. During programming, a pattern is loaded into the unprogrammed PIC. These patterns may be changed from time to time as the requirements of the function of the PCBA change over time. Also, in some applications, the pattern may be individualized for each PCBA that is assembled.",
82
+ "For years, PICs have been programmed before being assembled onto a printed circuit board using a methodology called off-line programming (OLP). This, however, created some problems in that OLP of the PICs has to be performed prior to assembly. Specialized equipment must also be obtained to perform OLP. Further, OLP has to be scheduled, which may delay the manufacture of PCBAs and create scheduling problems and bottlenecks in the process. Moreover, once the PICs are programmed, they must be stored until the assembly process begins. This storage and related delay typically creates an inventory of programmed PICs. Not only does this inventory cost money, but in the event that a pattern change is required immediately, the inventory of programmed PICs may have to be destroyed, which adds to the cost and creates an additional delay before the assembly of more PCBAs can commence.",
83
+ "To solve these problems, a technique called in-circuit programming (ICP) was developed. ICP allows for a PIC to be programmed after it is placed on a printed circuit board, i.e., after the PCBA is assembled. Thus, the need for an inventory of programmed devices was eliminated, and individualized PICs no longer needed to be matched with the corresponding PCBA because all the PICs are identical (unprogrammed) at assembly time.",
84
+ "However, new problems arose. For example, because it is not feasible to program all PICs in circuit, the designers of the PCBA must choose only devices that are ICP compatible. ICP compatible PICs cost more than similar non-ICP compatible PICs in many cases, so the cost of the PCBA may be higher when using ICP. Additionally, the PCBA design may be more complex to accommodate ICP, so the time to market may be negatively impacted. Furthermore, specialized equipment is required, and software must be written, to perform the programming operation, which also may impact time to market for the PCBA. Since the programming operation may take a number of minutes to perform, a production line may be slowed down waiting for programming to complete. To address this throughput problem, some users may set up several ICP programming stations to service a single PCBA assembly line. However, this solution requires additional equipment, floor space in the factory and capital outlay. Additionally, if the application for the PCBA requires that the PICs be programmed with individualized patterns, it may be necessary to match the individual PICs with their corresponding individual PCBAs. This additional complication adds additional cost and complexity to the assembly operation. Finally, in the event that the PIC fails to program, the entire PCBA will have to be reworked to replace the PIC.",
85
+ "Accordingly, what is needed in the art is a system and methodology for programming PICs and assembling PCBAs without the drawbacks associated with the off-line programming and in-circuit programming techniques.",
86
+ "Briefly, the invention provides in-line programming techniques for programming and testing any combination of devices and patterns. The techniques of the present invention are useful for programming a variety of types of programmable integrated circuit devices (PICs), including for example, flash memories, EEPROMs, microcontrollers, PLDs, PALs, FPGAs and the like. According to the invention, an in-line programming (ILP) system programs and tests PICs and performs the assembly of printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs). Printed circuit boards enter and leave the ILP system on a conveyor system. PICs are loaded into the ILP system, and the ILP system automatically programs and tests the PICs and places them onto the PCBs as the PCBs arrive on the conveyor.",
87
+ "The present invention addresses all of the above problems (e.g., costs, complications and delays) by performing the programming and testing operations with the same piece of equipment that performs the assembly operation. Using the techniques of the present invention, PICs are programmed on demand so the need for an inventory of programmed PICs is eliminated, and changes to the program pattern may be incorporated immediately without waste. Any PICs that fail to program are rejected by the ILP system so that bad PICs are never placed onto a PCBA. Because the PCBA does not have to be designed to accommodate an in-circuit programming technique, the PCBA designer is unconstrained in choice of PICs. The ILP system generally programs PICs faster than PICs can be programmed using the in-circuit programming methodology. The ILP system is also able to program a number of devices simultaneously, allowing a PCBA assembly line to produce PCBAs at a faster pace than that at which a single PIC can be programmed. Thus, an assembly line incorporating an ILP system may be smaller and produce PCBAs faster, with higher quality and less expense than an assembly line incorporating an in-circuit programming system. Further, the use of an ILP system in an assembly line allows for PCBAs to be produced less expensively than in an assembly line incorporating programmed PICs from an off-line programming system.",
88
+ "According to an aspect of the present invention, a method of automatically assembling a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) in an assembly apparatus is provided. The method typically comprises the steps of a) receiving, in the assembly apparatus, a programmable electronic device to be programmed, and b) automatically programming the electronic device in the assembly apparatus. The method also typically includes the steps of c) receiving a printed circuit board in the assembly apparatus, and d) assembling the PCBA in the assembly apparatus by automatically placing the programmed electronic device on the printed circuit board so as to form the PCBA.",
89
+ "According to another aspect of the present invention, an assembly apparatus capable of automatically assembling a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) is provided. The apparatus typically comprises a means for receiving, in the assembly apparatus, a programmable electronic device to be programmed, and a means for automatically programming the electronic device in the assembly apparatus. The apparatus also typically includes a means for receiving a printed circuit board in the assembly apparatus, and a means for automatically placing the programmed electronic device on the printed circuit board so as to form the PCBA.",
90
+ "Reference to the remaining portions of the specification, including the drawings and claims, will realize other features and advantages of the present invention. Further features and advantages of the present invention, as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments of the present invention, are described in detail below with respect to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements.",
91
+ "FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram view of a surface mount production line including an inline programming system according to an embodiment of the present invention;",
92
+ "FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an inline programming system according to an embodiment of the present invention;",
93
+ "FIGS. 3a\u2013b illustrate a flow chart showing the general operation of the concurrent programming system according to an embodiment of the present invention;",
94
+ "FIGS. 4a\u2013c illustrate a flow chart showing the general operation of the conveyor system according to an embodiment of the present invention;",
95
+ "FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart showing the general operation of the pick and place system according to an embodiment of the present invention; and",
96
+ "FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart showing the general operation of the central control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.",
97
+ "FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram view of a surface mount production line 10 including an inline programming apparatus 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, surface mount production line 10 includes a linear array of machines or components that perform unique functions. For example, component 30 may be a stencil printer machine 30 that controls the application of solder paste to a blank circuit board. Component 40 may be a chip shooter machine that performs high speed placement of devices and circuit elements that do not require a high level of placement accuracy. Such devices and elements include resistors, capacitors, and the like. Component 50 may be a fine pitch placement machine that places devices at low speed with extreme accuracy. Component 60 may be a reflow oven that \u201ccooks\u201d the solder paste, thereby soldering to the board all the devices and elements that were placed on the board by the previous machines. Each component of production line 10 includes a printed circuit board conveyor for moving printed circuit boards within each machine. The conveyors within each component interface physically and electrically to form one continuous conveyor that allows circuit boards to flow from one end of the line to the other. Circuit boards typically pause within each machine and are locked in place by the conveyor, e.g., using a clamping mechanism, while being subjected to the particular processing that machine is designed to perform.",
98
+ "FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an inline programming apparatus 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Inline programming apparatus 20 receives and programs blank programmable devices and places the programmed devices on printed circuit boards as they pass through the apparatus on the conveyor. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the operation of in-line programming apparatus 20 relies on four parallel asynchronous processes. In one embodiment, these processes are embodied in four different components of in-line programming apparatus 20: the concurrent programming subsystem 100, the conveyor subsystem 110, the pick and place subsystem 120, and the central control unit 130. Each component depends on input signals representing events from the other systems. The interdependencies are described in the flow charts illustrated in FIGS. 3\u20136 as described in more detail below.",
99
+ "Control unit 130 provides overall coordination and control of the various subsystems. Typically, control unit 130 communicates with the various subsystems, and with the upstream and downstream machines in some cases, through one or more busses 150 by sending and receiving control and status signals. Although not shown, each subsystem includes a processor component for controlling functions of the subsystem, and for effecting communication with control unit 130 and with the other subsystems.",
100
+ "Conveyor subsystem 110 receives printed circuit boards from the upstream machine (e.g., fine pitch placement machine 50), moves the board through apparatus 20 and delivers a printed circuit board to the downstream device (e.g., reflow oven 60). Conveyor subsystem 110 includes sensors 112 and 114 as are known in the art for detecting when a board has been received and delivered, respectively. For example, each sensor 112 and 114 detects a trailing edge of the board and signals conveyor subsystem 110 and/or control unit 130. A third sensor (not shown) is also provided just upstream from a processing station location 116 of conveyor subsystem 110.",
101
+ "Device input interface 140 is provided for receiving devices to be programmed from outside of system 20. In one embodiment, device input interface 140 includes a device tray shuttle for receiving a tray holding one or more devices. Other device delivery interfaces may be used as are well known, including interfaces capable of receiving device holding media such as tape, tubes and the like. Pick and place subsystem 120 includes a pick and place head 122 that is capable of picking up the required programmable devices. Pick and place subsystem 120 typically includes tracks or rails 118a and 118b, along which a portion of subsystem 120 is able to move so as to effect movement of head 122 for picking and placing devices within apparatus 20.",
102
+ "Concurrent programming subsystem 100 is responsible for programming devices with the desired program pattern and for testing the programmed devices prior to placement on a printed circuit board. In one embodiment, concurrent programming subsystem 100 includes multiple sites 1021 to 102N for concurrently programming and testing multiple devices. An example of such a concurrent programming system can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,996,004, assigned to BP Microsystems, Inc., entitled \u201cConcurrent Programming Apparatus and Method for Electronic Devices,\u201d the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. \u201cProgramming\u201d a device typically includes transferring or \u201cburning in\u201d a sequence of operating codes into the memory, or by specifying a particular arrangement of gating logic connections (e.g., for a programmable logic array device).",
103
+ "During operation, each programming site of concurrent programming subsystem 100 moves through the following states: EMPTY, WAITING, ACTIVE, READY, and PROMISED. EMPTY indicates that the programming site, or socket, is physically empty. WAITING indicates that the socket is waiting for the pick and place subsystem 120 to deliver a device to be programmed. ACTIVE indicates that a device is in the socket and is being programmed. READY indicates that the socket contains a programmed device. PROMISED indicates that the socket contains a programmed device that has been \u201cpromised\u201d to conveyor subsubsystem 110 for assembly.",
104
+ "Once programming subsystem 100 has been configured for all programmable devices required by the boards to be processed, it is ordered by central control unit 130 to enter its processing loop, for example, as shown in FIGS. 3a\u2013b. FIGS. 3a\u2013b illustrate a flow chart showing the general operation of concurrent programming subsystem 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Concurrent programming subsystem 100 operates by running a loop that repeats continuously until the job is over (i.e., programming of all devices is completed). Initially, for each programming site, the system determines whether the site is in the EMPTY state in step 200. If the site is EMPTY, that site is transitioned to the WAITING state in step 205. Concurrent programming subsystem 100 then asks pick and place subsystem 120 to deliver a device to the specific site in step 210. (The \u201cA\u201d in step 120 indicates that data is provided to pick and place subsystem 120, e.g., data indicating the locations at which to pick up and to place the device as well as a status variable.) If the site is not EMPTY, in step 220 it is determined whether the site is in the WAITING state. If the site is not WAITING, the process proceeds to step 240. Otherwise, in step 225 it is determined whether a device has been delivered. If the site is WAITING, and a device has been delivered, device programming is initiated in step 230, and the site is transitioned to the ACTIVE state in step 235.",
105
+ "In step 240, it is determined whether the site is in the ACTIVE state. If the site is ACTIVE, it is determined whether the site has finished programming the device, and optionally whether the programmed device has been successfully tested (e.g., by applying voltages and waveforms to the programmed device) in step 245. If a device fails testing, the device is discarded and a new device is provided to concurrent programming subsystem 100. If programming has finished, the site is transitioned to the READY state in step 250. In step 255 the system determines whether the site is in the PROMISED state. If the site is PROMISED, concurrent programming subsystem 100 queries pick and place subsystem 120 to determine whether the device has been removed from the site in step 260. (The \u201cB\u201d in step 260 indicates that data is provided to and from pick and place subsystem 120.) If the programmed device has been removed, the site is transitioned to the EMPTY state in step 265.",
106
+ "In step 270, it is determined whether all sites have been checked. If all sites have not been checked, the process returns to beginning step 200 for the next site. If all sites have been checked, the process proceeds to step 275. With reference to FIG. 3b, in step 275, concurrent programming subsystem 100 determines whether central control unit 130 is requesting a device location (e.g., identification of any site handling the programming for a specific device type). (The \u201cC\u201d in step 275 indicates that data is provided to and from central control unit 130.) If central control unit 130 is not requesting a device location, the process proceeds to step 200. If central control unit 130 is requesting a device location, it is determined in step 280 whether any site handling the specific requested device type is in the READY state. If no site handling the specified device type is READY, in step 295, concurrent programming subsystem 100 provides a message to conveyor 110 indicating that no device is ready. The message may be provided directly to conveyor 110, or it may be relayed first to central control unit 130. The process then loops back to beginning step 200. If a site handling the specified device type is READY, the site is transitioned to the PROMISED state in step 285, and the location of that site's socket is provided to conveyor 110. (The \u201cC\u201ds in steps 290 and 295 indicate that data is provided to conveyor 110 either directly or through central control unit 130.) The process then loops back to beginning step 200.",
107
+ "Conveyor subsystem 110 interacts with the upstream machine to bring printed circuit boards into ILP system 20. Conveyor subsystem 110 also interacts with the downstream machine to provide a printed circuit board assembly thereto. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the conveyor system of inline programming system 20 interacts with the fine pitch placement machine 50 (i.e., upstream machine) to receive a printed circuit board to be processed, and with reflow oven 60 (i.e., downstream machine) to deliver a processed printed circuit board assembly thereto. Conveyor subsystem 110 also interfaces with central control unit 130, concurrent programming subsystem 100 and pick and place subsystem 120. In one embodiment, conveyor 110 uses four defined state variables to interact with the upstream and downstream machines: READY, AVAILABLE, UPAVAIL and DOWNREADY as it moves through its states of operation. In one embodiment, these state variables are binary variables having two states. The status variables are communicated between conveyor subsystem 110 and the upstream and downstream machines through the electrical connections provided between ILP system 10 and the upstream and downstream machines. Once conveyor subsystem 100 has been configured with velocity and acceleration limits, it is ordered by central control unit 130 to enter its processing loop to await the first board to be delivered. One example of such a processing loop is shown in FIGS. 4a\u2013c.",
108
+ "In one embodiment, with reference to FIGS. 4a\u2013c, conveyor subsystem 110 has six defined states of operation as follows:",
109
+ "State 0: In this state, the conveyor is waiting for the upstream machine to indicate that a board is ready for delivery. The conveyor is preferably stationary to avoid unnecessary wear and tear on the belt and other mechanical components. In step 300, READY is set to one state, e.g., low, to indicate that conveyor 110 is not ready to receive a board from the upstream machine, and AVAILABLE is set to one state, e.g., low, to indicate that conveyor 110 is not ready to deliver a printed circuit board assembly to the downstream machine. Conveyor 110 transitions in step 305 from state 0 to state 1 when the upstream machine sets UPAVAIL to one state, e.g., high, to indicate that it is ready to deliver a printed circuit board.",
110
+ "State 1: In this state, conveyor 110 is waiting to receive the board from the upstream machine. Conveyor 110 will match the speed of the conveyor on the upstream machine to allow a smooth transfer from one machine to the next. In step 310, READY is set high to indicate that conveyor 110 is ready to receive a printed circuit board. Conveyor 110 transitions from state 1 to state 2 in step 320 when the trailing edge of the board is detected by entry sensor 112.",
111
+ "State 2: In this state, conveyor 110 \u201cowns\u201d the board and may move the board as quickly as possible to the processing station location 116. A clamping mechanism is provided in one embodiment for clamping, or holding, the device in place at processing station location 116. In one embodiment, velocity and acceleration limits for conveyor 110 are preset by the system operator. In step 325, READY is set low to prevent the upstream machine from sending another board before the current board has finished processing. Once the board is at the processing station, in step 330, conveyor 110 stops moving and a clamp is activated to hold the board in place during processing. In step 335, central control unit 130 is notified by conveyor 110 that the board is ready for processing, and conveyor 110 transitions from state 2 to state 3. (The \u201cD\u201d in step 335 indicates that data is provided to central control unit 130.)",
112
+ "State 3: In this state, conveyor 110 is waiting for central control unit 130 to indicate that the processing of the board is completed. In step 340, conveyor 110 transitions from state 3 to state 4 when central control unit 130 indicates that the board is finished processing. (The \u201cE\u201d in step 340 indicates that data is provided to and from central control unit 130.) Processing is complete when all required programmed devices have been placed on the printed circuit board. Generally, one or more programmed devices are required for each printed circuit board assembly.",
113
+ "State 4: In this state, the assembled board is unclamped and conveyor 110 moves it as quickly as possible to the exit location (e.g., interface with downstream machine). In step 345, AVAILABLE is set high to indicate that conveyor 110 is ready to deliver an assembled board to the downstream machine. In step 350, the board is unclamped and moved toward the exit. In step 355, conveyor 110 stops movement until it is determined that the downstream machine is ready to receive the board in step 360. Conveyor 110 transitions from state 4 to state 5 when the downstream machine sets DOWNREADY to one state, e.g., high, to indicate that it is ready to receive a printed circuit board assembly.",
114
+ "State 5: In this state, in step 365, conveyor 110 matches the speed of the conveyor on the downstream machine to provide a smooth transfer from one machine to the next. Conveyor 110 remains in motion until, e.g., the trailing edge of the board is detected by exit sensor 114 in step 370. When the board has left conveyor 110, AVAILABLE is set low, and conveyor 110 stops motion and transitions from state 5 to state 0 (step 300) to wait for the next board to be processed from the upstream machine.",
115
+ "Pick and place subsystem 120 provides the ability to move devices from one location to another within the ILP system. In one embodiment, pick and place subsystem 120 includes self-teaching capability for determining the precise locations at which to pick and place devices. An example of such a pick and place system can be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/361,791, filed Jul. 27, 1999, entitled \u201cPick and Place Teaching Method and Apparatus for Implementing the Same,\u201d the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.",
116
+ "Pick and place subsystem 120 services requests from concurrent programming subsystem 100 and conveyor 110 to move devices from one location to another. These requests may be received directly from concurrent programming subsystem 100 and conveyor 110, or through central control unit 130. The system making the request will provide the location from which to pick up a device, the location at which to place the device, and the address of a status variable. As one example, pick and place subsystem 120 can be directed to pick up an unprogrammed device, e.g., from a tray of unprogrammed devices, and place the device in a specific site's socket of concurrent programming subsystem 100 for processing. Blank devices may be provided to inline-programming apparatus 20 via device input interface 140 using a variety of media, including trays, tubes and tape as is well known. As another example, pick and place subsystem 120 can be directed to pick up a programmed device from concurrent programming subsystem 100 and place the programmed device on a printed circuit board at a specific location on conveyor 110. Pick and place subsystem 110 queues the requests and services them as soon as possible. The caller can monitor the status variable for the following states: Not yet ready, Underway, Finished successfully, and Finished with an error. Pick and place subsystem 110 performs one move after another until the job is completed. If the queue becomes empty, pick and place subsystem 110 will wait idly until another request is made. The operation of pick and place subsystem 110 is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 5.",
117
+ "FIG. 5 illustrate a flowchart showing the general operation of pick and place subsystem 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In step 400, pick and place subsystem 120 determines whether a request is received from concurrent programming subsystem 100 or from conveyor subsystem 110 to pick and place a device. (The \u201cA\u201d in step 400 indicates that data is provided to pick and place subsystem 120.) The entity requesting that a device be brought to it calls pick and place subsystem 120 and provides the location and status address information. If such a request is received, in step 410, the system places the location information and the associated status variable address in a queue and proceeds to step 430. In one embodiment, the queue is implemented in a memory, such as a FIFO buffer. If no request is received, pick and place subsystem 120 checks to see whether any data is stored in the queue. If data is stored in the queue the process proceeds to step 430, and if no data is stored in the queue, the process loops back to beginning step 400.",
118
+ "In step 430, pick and place subsystem 120 reads the data in the queue having the highest priority, and proceeds to pick and place the requested part at the specified locations. In step 440, the system determines whether any status requests have been made. (The \u201cB\u201d in step 440 indicates that a request is provided to pick and place subsystem 120.) If status variables are requested, the system provides them to the requesting entity in step 450. The process then loops back to beginning step 400.",
119
+ "Central control unit 130 coordinates the action of the other system components as described in more detail below. Central control unit 130 is preferably implemented as an industry standard Pentium-based personal computer executing the Microsoft Windows operating system, although any other processor and any other operating system may be used as desired. As part of its function, central control unit 130 coordinates the delivery of unprogrammed devices to concurrent programming subsystem 100 for programming, as well as the placement of programmed devices on the circuit boards. The operation of the central control unit is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 6.",
120
+ "FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart showing the general operation of central control unit 130 controlling the operation of placing programmed devices on a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the present invention. In step 500, central control unit 130 checks whether conveyor 110 has indicated that a board in locked in place and ready for processing. (The \u201cD\u201d in step 500 indicates that data is provided to and from central control unit 130.) If a board is locked in place, in step 510 fiducial recognition techniques are used to identify the locations at which one or more programmed devices should be placed. In general, the boards will not be clamped in precisely the same locations in station location 116. Once clamped down, the board will not move, but the clamped positions will vary slightly from board to board. In one embodiment, a camera is used to detect the location of a pair of \u201cfiducial marks\u201d, e.g., small circles or cross marks on the board to determine the location and orientation of the board. This location information is used in conjunction with the known board location(s) (e.g., where the device(s) are to be placed on the board), by the pick and place subsystem 120 to compute the exact location, and orientation, at which to place a device on the board. In step 520, control unit 130 queries concurrent programming subsystem 100 for the location of a programmed device. (The \u201cC\u201d in step 520 indicates that data is provided to and from central control unit 130.) If the location is valid, the process proceeds to step 530. If not, the process loops back (indicated by the \u201c8\u201d) and queries the concurrent programming subsystem 100 for a device location.",
121
+ "In step 530, central control unit 130 instructs pick and place subsystem 120 to pick and place the device identified by concurrent programming system in step 520. (The \u201cA\u201d in step 530 indicates that location and status data is provided to and from pick and place subsystem 120.) After the device has been placed on the board, the specific location is marked as PLACED. In step 550, the unit determines whether all devices required to be placed on the board have been placed thereon. If not, the process loops back (indicated by the \u201c8\u201d) to step 520 where the central control unit queries concurrent programming subsystem 100 for the location of the next device to be placed. If all devices have been placed, in step 560, central control unit 130 notifies conveyor subsystem 110 that the board has been processed and can be moved on. (The \u201cE\u201d in step 530 indicates that data is provided to and from conveyor subsystem 110.) In step 570, central control unit waits until conveyor subsystem 110 acknowledges that the board has been processed and then reverts back to beginning step 500 to coordinate processing for the next board.",
122
+ "According to one embodiment, in-line programming apparatus, and all of its components are operator configurable using computer code run on central control unit 130. Computer code for operating and configuring all components of in-line programming apparatus as described herein is preferably stored on a hard disk coupled to central control unit. The entire program code, or portions thereof, may also be stored in any other memory device such as a ROM or RAM, or provided on any media capable of storing program code, such as a compact disk medium, a floppy disk, or the like.",
123
+ "While the invention has been described by way of example and in terms of the specific embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. To the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements as would be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the scope of the appended claims should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements."
124
+ ],
125
+ "citations": [
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+ "3975261",
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+ "4128174",
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+ "4763405",
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+ "5168218",
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+ "5208976",
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+ "5313156",
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+ "5330043",
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+ "5466117",
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+ "5479694",
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+ "5894218",
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+ "5996004",
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+ "6313652"
138
+ ],
139
+ "us_classification": "29740",
140
+ "international_classifications": [
141
+ {
142
+ "classification_level": "A",
143
+ "section": "B",
144
+ "classification_class": "23",
145
+ "subclass": "P",
146
+ "main_group": "19",
147
+ "subgroup": "00"
148
+ }
149
+ ]
150
+ }
json_patents/06983533.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Differential press tool",
3
+ "abstract": "Embodiments of the invention generally provide a fixture for assembling an optical component. The fixture includes a substantially rigid base member having an upper surface and a lower surface with a base aperture connecting the two surfaces and a component mounting plate positioned on the upper surface and having an aperture formed therein corresponding to the base aperture. The fixture further includes at least one pivotally mounted component disengagement member positioned on the upper surface and being configured to disengage a component from the mounting plate and a component securing member slidably positioned on the upper surface and being configured to secure a component to the mounting plate. Additionally, a differential press screw assembly is positioned on the lower surface, wherein the differential press screw assembly is configured to press a lens into a component mounted on the component mounting plate via extension of a press nut through the base aperture.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Wisecarver"
6
+ ],
7
+ "document_number": "06983533",
8
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
9
+ "assignees": [
10
+ "Finisar Corporation"
11
+ ],
12
+ "claims": [
13
+ {
14
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
15
+ "preamble": "1. A pallet for pressing a lens into an optical housing, comprising:",
16
+ "components": [
17
+ {
18
+ "component": "a substantially rigid base member having a press aperture formed therein;",
19
+ "subcomponents": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "component": "an optical housing support positioned above the press aperture;",
23
+ "subcomponents": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "component": "at least one pivotally mounted optical housing disengagement member; and",
27
+ "subcomponents": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "component": "a differential press screw assembly positioned on an opposing surface of the base member from the optical housing support.",
31
+ "subcomponents": []
32
+ }
33
+ ]
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
37
+ "preamble": "2. The pallet of claim 1 , wherein the optical housing support comprises a slidably positioned assembly clamp.",
38
+ "components": []
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
42
+ "preamble": "3. The pallet of claim 1 , wherein the differential press screw comprises:",
43
+ "components": [
44
+ {
45
+ "component": "an outer press assembly having a first outer threaded surface and a first inner threaded surface; and",
46
+ "subcomponents": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "component": "an inner press assembly having a second outer threaded surface configured to threadebly engage the first inner threaded surface, the inner press assembly having an extending lens press nut.",
50
+ "subcomponents": []
51
+ }
52
+ ]
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
56
+ "preamble": "4. The pallet of claim 3 , wherein the inner press assembly in configured to actuate toward the press aperture upon rotation of the outer press assembly and engagement of the first outer threaded surface with a threaded surface of the base member.",
57
+ "components": []
58
+ },
59
+ {
60
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
61
+ "preamble": "5. The pallet of claim 3 , further comprising a screw actuator in communication with the outer press assembly.",
62
+ "components": []
63
+ },
64
+ {
65
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
66
+ "preamble": "6. The pallet of claim 1 , wherein the at least one pivotally mounted disengagement member comprises two opposingly positioned release latches configured to pivot upward to disengage the optical housing from the optical housing support after the lens is pressed therein.",
67
+ "components": []
68
+ },
69
+ {
70
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
71
+ "preamble": "7. The pallet of claim 1 , wherein the differential press screw assembly further comprises a longitudinal bore formed therethrough, the longitudinal bore being configured transmit an optical signal from the optical housing to a measuring apparatus positioned below the differential press screw assembly.",
72
+ "components": []
73
+ },
74
+ {
75
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
76
+ "preamble": "8. An assembly for pressing a lens into an optical housing, comprising:",
77
+ "components": [
78
+ {
79
+ "component": "a base member having an aperture formed therethrough;",
80
+ "subcomponents": []
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "component": "an assembly clamp positioned on an upper surface of the base member above the aperture, the assembly clamp being configured to support the optical housing above the aperture during the pressing operation; and",
84
+ "subcomponents": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "component": "a differential press screw assembly positioned over the aperture and on a second surface of the base member, the differential press screw being configured to press a lens upward through the aperture into the optical housing.",
88
+ "subcomponents": []
89
+ }
90
+ ]
91
+ },
92
+ {
93
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
94
+ "preamble": "9. The assembly of claim 8 , comprising a pair of pivotally mounted release latches positioned adjacent the assembly clamp, the latches being configured to disengage the optical housing from the assembly clamp.",
95
+ "components": []
96
+ },
97
+ {
98
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
99
+ "preamble": "10. The assembly of claim 9 , wherein the differential press screw assembly comprises:",
100
+ "components": [
101
+ {
102
+ "component": "a first screw press having a first outer threaded surface and a first inner threaded surface, the first outer threaded surface being configured to threadebly engage a threaded surface of the base member; and",
103
+ "subcomponents": []
104
+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "component": "a second screw press having a second outer threaded surface configured to threadebly engage the first inner threaded surface.",
107
+ "subcomponents": []
108
+ }
109
+ ]
110
+ },
111
+ {
112
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
113
+ "preamble": "11. The assembly of claim 10 , further comprising a lens press nut attached to the second screw press.",
114
+ "components": []
115
+ },
116
+ {
117
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
118
+ "preamble": "12. The assembly of claim 11 , wherein the lens press nut is configured to support a lens thereon and extend through the aperture and into the optical housing to press the lens into the housing.",
119
+ "components": []
120
+ },
121
+ {
122
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
123
+ "preamble": "13. The assembly of claim 9 , further comprising a screw actuator attached to the first screw press.",
124
+ "components": []
125
+ },
126
+ {
127
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
128
+ "preamble": "14. The assembly of claim 13 , wherein the screw actuator comprises a motor in communication with a controller, the controller being configured actuate the motor in response to measurements taken from the optical component while the lens is being pressed into the optical housing.",
129
+ "components": []
130
+ },
131
+ {
132
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
133
+ "preamble": "15. The assembly of claim 10 , wherein the first screw press and the second screw press comprise a longitudinal optical signal transmission bore formed therethrough.",
134
+ "components": []
135
+ },
136
+ {
137
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
138
+ "preamble": "16. A fixture for assembling an optical component, comprising:",
139
+ "components": [
140
+ {
141
+ "component": "a substantially rigid base member having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a base aperture connecting the upper and lower surfaces;",
142
+ "subcomponents": []
143
+ },
144
+ {
145
+ "component": "a component mounting plate positioned on the upper surface and having an aperture formed therein that is positioned to correspond with the base aperture;",
146
+ "subcomponents": []
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "component": "at least one pivotally mounted component disengagement member positioned on the upper surface and being configured to disengage a component from the mounting plate;",
150
+ "subcomponents": []
151
+ },
152
+ {
153
+ "component": "a component securing member slidably positioned on the upper surface and being configured to secure a component in the aperture of the mounting plate; and",
154
+ "subcomponents": []
155
+ },
156
+ {
157
+ "component": "a differential press screw positioned on the lower surface and extending through the aperture.",
158
+ "subcomponents": []
159
+ }
160
+ ]
161
+ },
162
+ {
163
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
164
+ "preamble": "17. The fixture of claim 16 , wherein the at least one pivotally mounted component disengagement member comprises two opposingly positioned pivotal latches having distal extending members that are configured to disengage an optical component from the aperture of the mounting plate.",
165
+ "components": []
166
+ },
167
+ {
168
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
169
+ "preamble": "18. The fixture of claim 16 , wherein the component securing member comprises a slidable member having two extending fingers that are configured to secure the optical component in the aperture of the mounting plate when the fingers are positioned above the mounting plate aperture.",
170
+ "components": []
171
+ },
172
+ {
173
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
174
+ "preamble": "19. The fixture of claim 16 , wherein the differential press screw comprises:",
175
+ "components": [
176
+ {
177
+ "component": "an outer screw press having a first outer threaded surface and a first inner threaded surface; and",
178
+ "subcomponents": []
179
+ },
180
+ {
181
+ "component": "an inner screw press having a second outer threaded surface configured to threadably engage the first inner threaded surface, wherein the first outer threaded surface threadebly engages the base member while the first inner surface threadably engages the second outer threaded surface to longitudinally actuate the inner screw press.",
182
+ "subcomponents": []
183
+ }
184
+ ]
185
+ },
186
+ {
187
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
188
+ "preamble": "20. The fixture of claim 19 , further comprising a lens press nut positioned in communication with the inner screw press.",
189
+ "components": []
190
+ },
191
+ {
192
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00021",
193
+ "preamble": "21. The fixture of claim 20 , further comprising a screw actuator positioned in communication with the outer screw press.",
194
+ "components": []
195
+ },
196
+ {
197
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00022",
198
+ "preamble": "22. The fixture of claim 21 , wherein actuation of the screw actuator is configured to longitudinally extend the lens press nut toward the optical component and press a lens positioned thereon into the optical component.",
199
+ "components": []
200
+ }
201
+ ],
202
+ "description": [
203
+ "This application claims benefit of U.S. provisional patent application ser. No. 60/422,279 filed Oct. 30, 2002 which is herein incorporated by reference.",
204
+ "1. Field of the Invention",
205
+ "Embodiments of the invention generally relate to and apparatus and method for assembling optical components. More particularly, embodiments of the invention relate to an apparatus and method for assembling an optical source or an optical lens into an optical housing in a power-on state.",
206
+ "2. Description of the Related Art",
207
+ "Assembly of optical components is generally accomplished via simple mechanical operations that may be automated. Although the automation provides for increased throughput and accuracy in the assembly process, the components are nevertheless generally tested after the assembly process to determine if the component is within tolerances. Therefore, optical component assembly processes are generally a two step process, wherein the first step is the assembly and the second step, which is conducted in a separate apparatus, is generally an inspection step.",
208
+ "Inasmuch as multiple steps require more resources to manufacture components, is desirable to eliminate the requirement to assemble the component and measure the component in separate apparatuses.",
209
+ "Embodiments of the invention may generally provide an apparatus configured to assemble optical devices, and further, during the assembly process (real time), the apparatus measures input/output signals of the optical devices to correct optical offsets that may be inherent in the manufacturing process. The apparatus generally includes an outer frame and an inner frame, wherein the inner frame is vibrationally isolated from the outer frame, i.e., the inner frame is isolated from noise associated with or encountered by the outer frame. The inner frame generally supports a work plate configured to receive one of a plurality of component assembly fixtures thereon, wherein the individual fixtures are each configured for a particular optical component assembly process. The work plate also operates to position the assembly components relative to an optical measurement system, which is used to determine offset of the components prior to completion of the manufacturing process. The optical measurement system includes a camera adapted to receive an optical signal from an assembled optical device positioned in the assembly fixture. The camera receives light from a split light path having a specialized backlight system adapted to enhance the appearance of the optical signal. The output of the camera is fed into a data processing and display system configured to display the output to the user. The output may generally be presented to the user via a display, wherein the display may illustrate the focus of the output, intensity of the output, positioning of the output, and the offset of the output. Using the display, the user may adjust the offset of the component before assembly is completed, as well as measure and record various other optical parameters of the component that may be relevant to future component operation, installation, manufacturing, or other processes.",
210
+ "Embodiments of the invention may further provide an apparatus and method to assemble optical components and measure the resultant performance of the components during assembly and adjust the assembly process insitu to provide an improved optical component. The apparatus and method provide improved 3D imaging for positional information relative to the output optical signal of the component. The optical measurement system is vibrationally separated from a work plate to minimize installation errors. The apparatus is able to measure a plurality of input and output signals to determine the optical device performance during assembly. Position based on optical measurement system focus.",
211
+ "Embodiments of the invention may further provide an apparatus and method for measuring the optical offset of an optical component with a Z-Camera axis measurement device. The method generally includes loading a component shell into a fixture mounted on the measurement apparatus and then inserting an optical source into the component shell. The optical output of the component is then observed by a camera positioned below the component. The camera transmits the image of the optical signal to a processing device, i.e., a PC, that displays the position/offset of the device to the user. In response to the displayed offset, the user may adjust physical parameters of the component in order to correct for the offset prior to final assembly of the component. The correction may be automated in that the system controller may operate to control a process configured to automatically adjust the physical parameters of the component to correct for the offset.",
212
+ "Embodiments of the invention may further provide an automated component assembly fixture and method configured to press an optical assembly into a housing/body when used in conjunction with an optical component installation and measurement apparatus. The automated apparatus/method of the invention generally includes relieving backlash in the assembly system by making a movement in the direction of the assembly, checking for a signal, adjust the x and y coordinates to obtain the signal in the measurement plane, determine the quadrant of the signal, adjust the z position and re-verify the image x and y plane, scan in z to determine the focus, subtract an empirical number from the z distance and drive to that distance, take a fine z measurement, calculate the appropriate z distance, drive to the calculated z distance, and release the assembled part. This process essentially guarantees a 100% part assembly and focus without generating any throwaways as a result of overshoot.",
213
+ "Embodiments of the invention may further provide a component assembly fixture configured to press an optical assembly into a housing/body when used in conjunction with an optical component assembly and measuring apparatus. The fixture is based upon a top press-type operation, wherein the optical assembly is pressed into the housing from the backside (electrical contact side) of the optical assembly. The top press configuration provides for high pressure assembly with great accuracy, and therefore, the focus of the optical assembly may be set without overshoot, which conventionally results in rendering the component unusable. Additionally, the top press provides easy insertion and removal of components. The physical structure generally includes two slide pins, that capture a pivot point so the pivot point and distally extending a work bridge may press the optical assembly into the body/mount. Top press allows for high accuracy press assembly, increased throughput, reduced/eliminated throwaways, and easy access for insertion and removal of components.",
214
+ "Embodiments of the invention may further provide a component assembly fixture configured to press an optical assembly into a housing/body when used in conjunction with an optical component assembly and measurement apparatus. The fixture is based upon a differential press screw that has two opposing thread speeds. Therefore, one side of the differential press screw actuates the housing in a positive z direction, while the second side of the differential press screw actuates the optical assembly in a negative z direction. This actuation causes the optical assembly to be pressed into the housing with great precision using very fine movements at very high pressure with large circumferential movement of the actuator itself. Thus, the focus of the optical assembly may be set without risking overshoot, which conventionally results in rendering the component unusable. Additionally, the present invention provides a substantial improvement in throughput, about 5 times conventional assembly speeds. The differential screw allows for precise pressing at very high pressures, which allows for pressing an optical source into a housing in a one shot-type method without overshooting the focus and rendering the part a throwaway\u2014also without requiring more than one measuring step, as with conventional assembly apparatuses.",
215
+ "So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.",
216
+ "FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.",
217
+ "FIG. 2 illustrates a partial exploded view of an embodiment of the invention.",
218
+ "FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary cam operated laser press assembly fixture of the invention.",
219
+ "FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary cam operated laser press assembly fixture of the invention having a component therein.",
220
+ "FIG. 5 illustrates a side perspective view of an exemplary cam operated laser press assembly fixture of the invention.",
221
+ "FIG. 6 illustrates a side perspective view of an exemplary automated cam operated laser press assembly fixture of the invention.",
222
+ "FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary fixture of the invention that utilizes a differential press screw assembly.",
223
+ "FIG. 8 illustrates a sectional view of the differential press screw assembly illustrated in FIG. 7.",
224
+ "FIG. 8a illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary method of the invention.",
225
+ "FIG. 9 illustrates a graphical view of the optical offset measurement process.",
226
+ "FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention. The optical component assembly apparatus 100 generally includes a substantially rigid base member 101 that supports an inner frame member 102. Inner frame member 102 is generally separated from the rigid base member 101 via a plurality of cushioning devices 104. The cushioning devices 104, which may be air isolators, for example, are generally configured to isolate the components attached to inner frame member 102 from any ambient ground noise. The upper portion of inner frame member 102 generally includes an optical component press and measuring assembly 105. Further, the substantially rigid base member 101 may also support an outer frame member 103, which may include storage space for the mechanical and electronic devices needed to operate the optical component assembly apparatus 100, while also providing an upper working surface for the operators of the apparatus.",
227
+ "More particularly, inner frame member 102 is generally secured to rigid base member 101 via a plurality of airbags actuators 104. Further, as illustrated in FIG. 1, inner frame member 102 generally includes a plurality of legs radially extending therefrom, which generally attach to the rigid base member 101 via airbags 104. The radial extension of the plurality of legs from inner frame member 102 provides for a wide and stable base for the operational components of optical component assembly apparatus 100, which as will be described further herein, generally attach to the upper portion inner frame member 102. Furthermore, since it is desirable to isolate the working components of the assembly apparatus 100 from ambient noise sources, in addition to inner frame member 102 being isolated from rigid base member 101 via airbags 104, the outer frame member 103 is also isolated from inner frame member 102. More particularly, although outer frame member 103 may include several components of the optical component assembly apparatus 100, outer frame member 103 is generally not rigidly secured or attached to inner frame member 102, and therefore, any actuation of the outer frame member 103 will not affect the component assembly and or measuring process taking place within the operational components of apparatus 100 that are secured to the upper portion of inner frame member 102.",
228
+ "FIG. 2 illustrates a partial exploded view of an embodiment of the invention, and more particularly, FIG. 2 illustrates the optical component assembly apparatus 100 of the invention, wherein the optical component press and measuring assembly 105 is removed from inner frame member for better illustration. The optical component press and measuring assembly 105 is generally secured to an upper portion of inner frame member 102 via a second frame member 201. Second frame member 201 generally supports a fixture support 202 on an upper portion thereof. As such, the second frame member 201 and fixture support member 200 are generally rigidly attached to inner frame member 102. Second frame member 201 also is slidably engaged with a component press and measuring assembly 215 via a Z slide 210. Z slide 210 generally operates to allow the component press and measuring assembly 215 to move in a Z direction with respect to the inner frame member 102, wherein the Z direction is generally defined as vertically with respect to the substantially rigid base member 101. However, Z slide 210 is generally configured to present motion of the component press and measuring assembly 215 in any direction other than the Z direction. Additionally, inasmuch as isolation of the component press and measuring assembly 215 is an important element of the present invention, Z slide 210 may further include a pneumatic neutralizer 209 attached thereto, wherein neutralizer 209 is generally configured to apply an upward force to the component press and measuring assembly 215 sufficient to neutralize the gravitational force being exerted thereon.",
229
+ "The remaining components of the press and measuring assembly 215 are generally supported by a pair of upstanding frame members 203, wherein the upstanding frame member 203 are generally attached to a surface of the Z slide 210. Therefore, when slide 210 is actuated by the manual actuator 211, which generally operates to move slide 210 in an upward or downward motion, the remaining components of the press and measurement assembly 215 will also move upward or downward, as they are rigidly attached to slide 210 via frame members 203. However, it is to be noted that slide 210 moves relative to frame member 201 and 202, and therefore, movement of slide 210 causes the press and measuring apparatus 215 to move relative to the remaining components of the invention. Generally speaking, the remaining components generally include an adjustable table 204 and an optical measuring device 207. The adjustable table 204 generally attaches to the upper portion of frame members 203, and is configured to linearly move in both X and Y directions, while preventing movement of table 204 in the Z direction. The movement of table 204 may be controlled by two manual actuators, wherein a first actuators 205 is configured to move table 204 in the X direction, while the second manual actuators 206 is configured to move table 204 in the Y direction. Therefore, embodiments of the invention essentially provide for movement of table 204 in three dimensions, i.e., x, y, and z, via actuation of manual actuators 205, 206, and 211, respectively. Therefore, embodiments of the invention provide for a table 204 that may be precisely moved in a three-dimensional space with respect to a fixed plate, i.e. plate 202, for the purpose of measuring and/or pressing optical components into optical housings or other areas.",
230
+ "FIG. 2 also illustrates another feature of the optical component assembly apparatus 100. More particularly, FIG. 2 illustrates a plurality of air pressure regulators 208, which are generally in fluid communication with individual air bags 104. As such, when a force is exerted on an individual side of the leg portions of frame member 102, a change in the air pressure was in the corresponding airbags 104 will be noticed in a corresponding one of the pressure regulators 208. In response thereto, the air pressure to be airbags 104 may be increased and or decreased to maintain frame member 102 in a predetermined orientation, i.e., to maintain frame member 102 in a vertical orientation, for example. Therefore, embodiments of the invention may include a controller, i.e., a microprocessor type controller, for example, which may be in electrical communication with air bag regulators 208, and therefore, operate to automatically maintain the predetermined orientation of frame member 102. Additionally, another pressure regular 208 may be in fluid communication with pneumatic cylinder 209 for the purpose of maintaining slide 210 in essentially a zero gravity type situation.",
231
+ "Optical measuring device 207 generally includes a camera 225 positioned on a lower portion thereof. An intermediate portion of optical measuring device 207 generally includes a magnification unit 226 that is in optical communication with an intermediate assembly configured to provide backlight to the entire optical measuring device 207. The upper portion of optical measuring device 207 may include a lens assembly 228 configured to receive optical signals therein and transmit the optical signals through the entire optical measuring device 207 to the camera 225. Optical measuring device 207 is generally mounted within press and measuring assembly 105, and more particularly, optical measuring device 205 is generally mounted such that the lens assembly 228 is positioned immediately below an aperture formed in movable plate 204. Therefore, in this configuration, lens assembly 228 is configured to view an optical signal generated from an optical component mounted within a fixture positioned on upper work plate 202.",
232
+ "FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary cam operated laser press assembly fixture of the invention. Press assembly 300, which may also be termed a press tool, generally includes a substantially rigid base member 301 that supports the remaining elements of press assembly 300. A pair of upstanding support members 302 are attached to base member 301 in a configuration that provides for a working space between the two support members 302. The inner surfaces of upstanding support members 302 include a vertical channel 310 formed therein, wherein the respective channels 310 formed into the support members 302 are positioned opposite of each other. Additionally, a central portion of support members 302 includes a recess 311 configured to support a pivotally mounted arm 309. A pair of longitudinal apertures are also formed into support members 302, wherein the apertures are configured to support pivotal securing members 308 therein. Pivotal support members 308 are slidably positioned within the apertures and are configured to be actuated to secure a pivotal mount 305 to support members 302. A workpiece support press 303 is positioned between support members 302, and in particular, support press 303 is slidably positioned within vertical channels 310. As such, support press 303 is configured to move only in the direction of channels 310, which is vertical in the present exemplary embodiment. Press assembly 300 further includes a pivotally mounted press arm 309 pivotally mounted to support members 302 via shafts/pivotal mounts 305. Press arm 309 attaches to support press 303 at a first end, mounts to support members 302 via pivot mount 305 in a middle portion, and attaches to a screw member 306 at a second end. In this configuration screw member 306 may be actuated to pivotally move press arm 309 such that support press 303 moves vertically within channels 310. Press assembly 300 further includes a component mount 307 positioned below support press 303 such that a component may be supported on component mount 307 and pressed into a housing supported within aperture 304.",
233
+ "FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary cam operated laser press assembly fixture of the invention having a component therein. The exemplary press assembly 400 includes components similar to the assembly 300 shown in FIG. 3. In particular, press assembly 400 includes a base 401, support members 402, press support 403, press arm 405, and screw 406. Press assembly 400 also includes a component support 410 mounted at distal ends to press support 403. Component support 410 is attached to press supports 403 such that component support 410 remains stationary with respect to press support 403.",
234
+ "FIG. 5 illustrates a side perspective view of an exemplary cam operated laser press assembly fixture or press tool of the invention. The press assembly 500 includes a base 501, an upstanding support 502, slidably mounted press support member 503, a pivotally mounted press arm 505, and a screw assembly 506. Additionally, a fixed component mount 510 is illustrated. In this embodiment, screw assembly 506 may be actuated to drive a second end of arm 505 upward as a result of pivotal movement about a pivot point 509. The pivotal movement causes a first end (the end opposite second end that is attached to the press support member 503) to move downward. In this manner an optical housing secured within component mount 510 may have an optical component (optical source, lens, or other component) pressed therein by press support member 503 via engagement of the component with a stationary fixture or component press mounted to the base 501.",
235
+ "More particularly, in operation, the embodiments of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 generally operate in the same manner to press a laser into an optical housing. In particular, the press assembly is generally configured to support an optical housing in a face down manner, i.e., in a manner such that the output of the optical component is directed toward the base plate 401, for example. In this manner the power leads for the laser being pressed into the housing are generally extending upward from the housing having the laser therein such that a power fixture may be attached to the power leads in order to power the laser during the pressing operation. As such, the laser is generally operating, i.e., emitting an optical signal during the pressing process. However, as noted above, the efficiency and intensity of the optical signal is dependent upon the pressed position of the optical source or laser. Therefore, it is critical that the optical source be pressed to a precise depth within the optical housing such that the output is optimized. This optimization is generally dependent upon the optical source being pressed to the optimal focal point within the optical housing. Further, the base member generally includes an aperture positioned below the optical housing having the laser pressed therein, such that the optical output of the laser is directed through the aperture. Thus, when the screw assembly is actuated, the press arm moves downward and presses the activated optical source into the housing while the optical signal generated by the optical component is transmitted downward through the base of the fixture. This signal may then be observed by the camera positioned there below.",
236
+ "FIG. 6 illustrates a side perspective view of an exemplary automated cam operated laser press assembly fixture or press tool of the invention. The automated press assembly 600 generally includes components similar to the previously discussed press assemblies, however, the adjustment of the x, y, and z position of the press and/or camera is accomplished via an automated process, i.e., without manual adjustment. The press assembly 600 generally includes a y-axis actuator 601, an x-axis actuator 602, and a z-axis actuator 603. Each of the respective actuators are in communication with a system controller configured to control the operation of the actuators. The controller is generally configured to receive input from the camera mounted on the press and measurement assembly and actuate each of the respective actuators in order to obtain an optimal optical parameter. For example, the actuators may be controlled to press a lens into an optical mount to an optimal focal point via measurement of the output intensity and shape of the optical output of the component. Similarly, the automated press assembly 600 may be configured to press an optical source into an optical housing to an optimal depth via an automated process.",
237
+ "Generally, the automated process includes monitoring the optical output of the component being assembled via a camera, such as camera 225 illustrated in FIG. 2. The camera, or other device configured to measure an output parameter of an optical source, may be in communication with a controller, such as a micro processor-type controller, for example. The controller is generally configured to compare the output to a preferred or predetermined output, and then adjust the x, y, and/or z position adjustments in order to adjust the output closer to the desired output. The process may continue until the output is within an acceptable range, which is generally optimal for the component. The analysis and/or comparison process of the controller may be conducted in accordance with a software program stored in memory and executed on a processor.",
238
+ "FIG. 7 illustrates another fixture or press tool that may be implemented with the press and measuring assembly of the invention. The press fixture illustrated in FIG. 7 generally includes a substantially rigid base 700. A slidably positioned assembly clamp 701 is positioned on an upper side of base member. Clamp 701 is generally configured to slide into a position to secure an optical component to a workpiece support 706 during the press or measurement operation. Additionally, a pair of release latches 702 are generally positioned adjacent the support 706, wherein the release latches are configured to raise an optical component secured to the support once the pressing operation is completed. The lower side of base 700 generally includes differential press screw assembly 703 that includes a screw actuator 705 and a lens press nut 704. The differential press screw 703 threadebly engages base 700, and therefore, may be actuated into base 700 via rotational actuation of screw actuator 705. In this configuration a lens or other optical component may be positioned on the lens nut 705 and pressed into an optical housing secured on support 706.",
239
+ "FIG. 8 illustrates a sectional view of the differential press screw assembly illustrated in FIG. 7. The differential press screw assembly generally includes a hollow interior optical path 810 and an outer screw actuator 801 that has a first annular surface including a first threaded region 804 formed thereon. Screw actuator 801 further includes a second annular region having a second threaded region 803 formed thereon. Screw actuator is assembled into the fixture by threadebly engaging a first inner threaded surface with the first threaded region 804. A distal extending end of the actuator 801, i.e., the end proximate the second threaded region, extends into an inner cavity of the fixture, where a lens press nut 805 is slidably positioned. Lens press nut 805 includes an outer surface that slidably engages the inner surface of the fixture. Additionally, an inner surface of nut 805 includes a threaded bore 808 that is configured to threadebly engage the second threaded region 803 of actuator 801. In this configuration, screw actuator may be rotated to cause the lens press nut 805 to extend into an optical component space 806. Thus, in operation, a lens to be pressed into an optical component may be positioned either on nut 805 or within an optical component that is positioned or secured within component space 806. With the component secured, the screw actuator may be rotated to press the lens into the respective optical housing to a specific depth. The depth may be set by the mechanical setup of the differential screw, or alternatively, the depth may be determined through an automated process. For example, embodiments of the invention may utilize the camera assembly 225 illustrated in FIG. 2 to analyze the output of the optical component having the lens pressed therein. The analysis process, which will be further discussed herein, generally includes pressing the lens into the component while simultaneously viewing the optical output of the component. This output may be compared to a desired optical output to determine if the lens has been pressed into the component to the proper depth, i.e., to the focal point.",
240
+ "In operation, embodiments of the invention provide a method for assembling and/or measuring optical properties of an optical component. The assembly and measurement process may be accomplished real time, i.e., the optical component may be active during the assembly and/or measurement processes. For example, assuming that the component being assembled and/or measured is an optical component having an optical source therein, then the optical source may be assembled within an optical housing with the power to the optical source being on during the assembly process. The assembly process generally includes pressing either an optical source, i.e., a laser, into a component, or alternatively, pressing an optical component, i.e., a lens, into a component already having a source via a press tool (various press tools and configurations may be used without departing from the scope of the invention). In this manner, the optical output of the component may be measured during the assembly process. Further, the optical output may be used as a control parameter for the assembly process, as the intensity, shape, contrast, and other parameters of the optical output may be measured and compared to a desired value in order to determine, for example, if the optical source is optimally positioned within the optical housing.",
241
+ "More particularly, FIG. 8a illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary method of the invention. The methodology illustrated in FIG. 8a is directed to an embodiment of the invention wherein an optical source, i.e., a laser for example, is pressed into an optical housing. However, it is to be understood that the present invention is not intended to be limited to this embodiment, as the methodology is generally applicable to assembling various optical components that emit an optical signal. For example, the methodology may be utilized to press a lens into an optical component while monitoring the output of the component to determine when the lens is pressed to an optimal point, such as the focal point, for example. Further, the inventors contemplate that various other optical components may be assembled using the basic methodology of the invention.",
242
+ "The exemplary method illustrated in FIG. 8a is generally directed to an embodiment wherein a laser is being pressed into an optical housing. Therefore, the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8a is generally configured to press the laser to an optimal distance within the optical housing such that the optical output is optimized. The process of pressing the laser to the desired distance is accomplished by pressing the laser while observing the output of the component, as the laser is powered on during the pressing process. The laser is then pressed until the output is observed as being optimal, which corresponds to the optimal press depth. The method generally begins at step 801 wherein a laser is pre-mounted into an optical housing. At this stage the laser is generally mounted within the housing, but is mounted such that the laser may be longitudinally actuated within the housing in order to adjust the position of the laser relative to other components within the housing. Once the optical sources are mounted within the optical housing, the entire component may be mounted within a palette or fixture configured to secure the component for the press and measurement operations. For example, the optical component may be mounted within a fixture, such as the exemplary fixtures illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 7, or 8. Once the optical component is secured in the appropriate fixture, the fixture may be secured to an apparatus configured to press the optical source within the optical housing, as well as measure the optical output of the component during the pressing process.",
243
+ "However, prior to initiating any measurement processes, embodiments of the invention generally provide for initializing the apparatus for conducting the pressing and measurement processes. For example, steps 803 and 804 of FIG. 8a illustrates initialization steps that are generally conducted prior to beginning a press and measurement process, or alternatively, prior to beginning a press and measurement process for a plurality of components, i.e., a batch. The initialization steps 803 generally corresponds to the processes associated with centering the working surface upon which the above-mentioned fixtures will be mounted with respect to a machine reference center. Further, step 803 may also include initializing the station to a reference Z plane, i.e., determining the Z position of the working surface with respect to the other components of the system, or alternatively, with respect to a reference Z position. Step 804 further illustrates initialization processes, and in particular, illustrates and initialization process that includes making initialization measurements with a backlight laser in a power off position. Initialization process of the present invention may further include initializing control devices and for systems, such as, for example, software routines, device controllers, power supplies, cameras, lighting equipment, pressure regulators, and other apparatuses or devices that may be used in conjunction with the optical component assembly and measuring apparatus of the invention. Therefore, the initialization process is generally configured to initialize the x, y, and z position of the workpiece support relative to the optical measuring equipment. Further, the initialization processes are configured to align the respective axes of the apparatus with each other, i.e., aligning the x and y axes to be exactly perpendicular to each other, while also positioning the Z axis perpendicular to the x and y axes.",
244
+ "Once the initialization process is complete, and the palette or fixture is mounted on the working surface of the press and measurement apparatus of the invention, that the method may continue to step 805, wherein the apparatus measures the facet location of the component without the power being applied to the optical source. The measured facet location may then be recorded by an automated control system in communication with the apparatus, such as, for example, a microprocessor based controller configured to control the operation of various components of the invention. In the illustrated embodiment, the microprocessor based controller may include a personal computer configured to receive input from the measuring device, where the input may represent data corresponding to the measured facet location, and place the input into a storage medium, such as a hard drive or other commonly used computer storage medium. Thereafter, this input may be accessible to various other control systems, such that the measured facet location of the particular component may be used to conduct various other assembly or modification processes on the particular component in conjunction with the measurements taken within the press and measuring apparatus of the attention. Once the power off facet location has been measured at step 805, the exemplary method of the invention continues to step 806, where the optical source of the component being pressed and measured is powered on. Once the optical source of the component is powered on, the method continues to step 807. At step 807 an initial measurement is taken of the optical output of the component with the optical source powered on. This initial measurement is generally a rough measurement configured to determine if the component is within tolerances. For example, if the optical output of the component is extremely misaligned, it may not be possible to correct for the misalignment, and therefore, the component may be discarded. Therefore, embodiments of the invention provide an apparatus that method configured to eliminate parts that are not within an initial tolerance range immediately without expending time and resources on the assembly and measurement process. As such, that method apparatus of the invention provides an efficient and accurate way of eliminating bad order parts prior to expending resources on processing the invention order parts.",
245
+ "Once the optical device is powered up in step 806, a measurement device, such as a camera or other device configured to receive and determine the position of the optical signal output from the component being assembled, may be used to determine both the x and y position of the optical output relative to a reference point, as well as the threshold power of the optical output, as illustrated steps 808 and 809. The measurements taken at steps 808 and 809 may be committed to a database that is accessible to various systems, as illustrated in its steps 810 and 811. Once the power on x and y coordinates are determined and stored in the database, the method continues to step 812 wherein the laser focus is determined. In this step, the laser focus is generally determined through careful selection of the z position of the camera relative to the output of the optical device. Furthermore, both the x and y positions may be varied during the focus determination, such that the field of view of the camera is consistently able to capture the entire optical signal emitted by the optical component. Thus, in order to determine the laser focus the present invention, the apparatus essentially scans in the z direction looking for a predetermined or desired contrast that generally corresponds to laser focus, while maintaining the contrast invention within the field of view of the camera via adjustment of the x and y position of the camera or the fixture having the component secured therein. The process of adjusting the x, y, and z position is represented by step 813.",
246
+ "The data obtained in step 813 is then committed to a database for future use, as illustrated in step 814. The method further includes calculating the offset of the optical signal emitted from the optical component position within the measuring apparatus, as illustrated in step 815. More particularly, the process of calculating the offsets illustrated in step 815 may generally include determining the x coordinate, y coordinate, and z coordinate with respect to a reference point, plane, or axis of the system, wherein the x, y, and z coordinates generally corresponds to the position of the optical signal at the location or the optical signal is in focus, i.e., the focal point. Additionally, step 815 includes the process of calculating a pointing angle, wherein the pointing angle generally corresponds to the angle between a horizontal axis extending from the optical source to a separate axis extending from the emission point of the optical source to the point on the reference plane in the determined z position. Thus, the pointing angle generally corresponds to the angle between the optimal signal trajectory axis, i.e., the axis upon which the optical signal would travel away from the optical component if there were zero offset present in the component, and the axis upon which the optical signal actually travels away from the optical component. Since these two axes are different, the pointing angle represents the angle between the respective axes.",
247
+ "Once the respective components of the offset are calculated, the components are generally committed to one or more databases, as illustrated in step 816. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8a, individual databases are set up to receive the individual plane or components, as well as a separate database configured to receive the pointing angle for each component measured in the exemplary apparatus of the invention. With the optical offset measured and recorded, the method of the invention generally continues to step 817, where the optical component is removed from the fixture or palette of the invention. Thereafter, the optical component may be moved to a separate apparatus configured to compensate for the optical offset inherently present within the optical component, wherein the optical offset has been measured and stored in the above noted databases, as illustrated in step 818.",
248
+ "Once the optical component is moved to a second machine configured to mechanically adjust the optical offset of the component, as stated in step 818, the second machine may access the previously stored data, i.e., the data obtained at step 816, 810, 811, and 814, in order to determine what physical modifications may be made to the component to correct for the optical offset. For example, the information obtained in step 815 and stored in step 816 may be used to determine what portions of the outer diameter of the optical housing/optical component may be milled in order to counteract for the optical offset of the component. Put simply, the offset information may be used to determine what portions of the outer mounting surface of the optical component may be milled or shaved away in order to physically adjust the optical axis of the component such that the optical output is aligned with the center of the component, i.e., such that the optical offset of the output of the component is removed or at least counteracted via the physical adjustment of the mounting surfaces of the component, which is illustrated in step 819 and 820. Once the outer portion of the optical component is machined to adjust for the optical offset measured in the above noted process, the method may continue to press the laser into the housing at step 821, mount the optical component on the camera station at step 822, and then mechanically adjust for the optical housing, i.e., a bend component, at step 824, in order to finally align the optical output of the optical component. Once the final alignment has been made, the information corresponding to measurements of the optical component may be committed to a database at step 825. The information contained in the database may then be accessed by other component assembly processes, sales processes, test processes, and or any other processes associated with optical components such that the exact parameters of the component, i.e., the outer dimensions and the characteristics of the optical output, may be taken into account in subsequent processes.",
249
+ "FIG. 9 illustrates a graphical view of the optical offset measurement process 900. The graphical illustration of measurement process 900 is best illustrated with respect to three reference axes, i.e., x axis 909, y axis 910, and z axis or machine 0 axis 901. The optical signal emitting end of the optical component being measured is generally represented by 902. Therefore, if the optical component to admitting the optical signal is perfectly aligned, then the optical signal will be transmitted therefrom and intersect the x-y plane at point 911, wherein point 911 is positioned directly below point 902. By away of example, if the point of optical emission corresponds with the machine 0 axis and the optical component is perfectly aligned, then the point at which the optical signal intersects the x-y plane will correspond with the intersection of axis 901, axis 910, and axis 909. When the optical point 911 does not correspond with the machine zero point, then the offset of point 911 may be measured, and generally is measured in terms of the x component of the machine offset 904 and the y component of the machine offset 906. However, regardless of the initial position of point 902, the measuring apparatus and method of the invention may calculate the optical offset of the component. More particularly, once the optical component to be measured is positioned within the apparatus of the invention, the optical component may be powered all on such that the 10 optical signal is admitted therefrom. The optical signal, which is generally represented by arrow 912 in FIG. 9, propagates towards the x-y plane and intersects the plane at point 903. Since point 903 does not correspond with point 911, it is apparent that the optical component has an offset. Therefore, embodiments of the invention are configured to measure the offset between point 903 and point 911, and furthermore, correct for the optical offset between the respective points.",
250
+ "Once point 903 is determined, the method of the present invention may calculate the x-component 905 of the optical offset, the y-component of the optical offset 906, the pointing angle 908, and the z-axis correction for the optical offset/focal point. In particular, trigonometric calculations may be used to determine each of the above noted in parameters from the measured position of point 903 in the measurement plane. However, the z-direction offset and the pointing angle are generally not measured parameters, as they need to be calculated from the measured parameters, i.e., the x and y components of the measured offset. Further, although the pointing angle is an important to the method of the invention, the calculation of the z-axis offset correction is critical to the future operation of the component. More particularly, as described in the methodology above, the measurement plane generally corresponds to the focal point of the component. However, the focal point of the component as measured corresponds to the focal point to at the offset, and therefore, once the offset is corrected, the focal point measured for the component with the offset when the longer be valid for the component with the offset corrected. By way of explanation, the path of optical signal 912 generally corresponds to the hypothenuse of a triangle consisting of a first side (the z direction side) and a second side (the reference plane side). Therefore, when the pointing angle is minimized, i.e., when the offset is corrected, then the hypothenuse generally corresponds with the first side of the previously mentioned triangle. Since the hypothenuse is always longer than either of the remaining sides of a triangle, it is apparent that the measured focal point of the optical component with the optical offset the will be shorter then the two focal point of the component with the optical offset corrected, as when the hypothenuse is swung toward the first side, it will be longer than the first side. Thus, it is important to calculate and record the z-offset correction, as this number will directly change the previously measured focal point distance of the component.",
251
+ "In another embodiment of the invention the press and measurement apparatus of the invention may be used to press an optical component into an optical housing proximate an optical source. More particularly, the apparatus of the invention may be used to press an optical lens into an optical housing having an optical source therein. In this type of pressing operation the lens may be pressed into the optical housing toward an optical source, such as a laser, for example, while the output of the component is observed or measured by the apparatus of the invention. Thus, the pressing operation, i.e., the depth to which the lens is pressed into the housing, may be controlled in accordance with the optical output of the component as the lens is pressed therein. More particularly, the optical output may be observed in order to press the lens to the optimal focal point of the device via observance of the optical output. The observance process may include observing and/or measuring the intensity, shape, configuration, contrast, and other parameters of the output and comparing the observed parameters to parameters corresponding to a component that is optimized. The comparison process may then be used to control the press operation to insure that the lens is pressed to the optimal depth, which is generally the focal point.",
252
+ "While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow"
253
+ ],
254
+ "citations": [
255
+ "4140568",
256
+ "6615477",
257
+ "2003/0066191"
258
+ ],
259
+ "us_classification": "29799",
260
+ "international_classifications": [
261
+ {
262
+ "classification_level": "A",
263
+ "section": "B",
264
+ "classification_class": "30",
265
+ "subclass": "B",
266
+ "main_group": "9",
267
+ "subgroup": "00"
268
+ }
269
+ ]
270
+ }
json_patents/06983534.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Method for partially exposing conductive strips of flat laminated cable",
3
+ "abstract": "The invention relates to a continuous process and an apparatus for partially exposing conductor tracks in fully insulated laminated cables according to specifiable parameters selectable in accordance with the subsequent conditions for use. The object of the invention is to insert windows in exactly predetermined parts above/below individual/all flat conductors of a multiconductor flat cable, which windows are distinguished by clean and accurate contours and furthermore ensure good positional stability of the conductors. The flat cable (",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Zeibig",
6
+ "B\u00fchler"
7
+ ],
8
+ "document_number": "06983534",
9
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
10
+ "assignees": [
11
+ "Schleuniger Holding AG"
12
+ ],
13
+ "claims": [
14
+ {
15
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
16
+ "preamble": "1. A process for partially exposing conductor tracks of a multiconductor insulated laminated cable by forming at least one window of a desired length into at least one of an upper and lower insulation layer of the laminated cable (",
17
+ "components": [
18
+ {
19
+ "component": "(a) introducing the laminated cable (",
20
+ "subcomponents": []
21
+ },
22
+ {
23
+ "component": "(b) fixing of the laminated cable (",
24
+ "subcomponents": []
25
+ },
26
+ {
27
+ "component": "(c) cutting into at least one of the upper and lower insulation layer by relative penetrating movement between the peeling tool (",
28
+ "subcomponents": []
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "component": "(d) slight moving the at least one peeling tool (",
32
+ "subcomponents": []
33
+ },
34
+ {
35
+ "component": "(e) separating of a chip (",
36
+ "subcomponents": []
37
+ }
38
+ ]
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
42
+ "preamble": "2. A process for partially exposing conductor tracks of a multiconductor insulated laminated cable by forming at least one window of a desired length into at least one of an upper and lower insulation layer of the laminated cable (",
43
+ "components": [
44
+ {
45
+ "component": "(a) introducing the laminated cable (",
46
+ "subcomponents": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "component": "(b) fixing of the laminated cable (",
50
+ "subcomponents": []
51
+ },
52
+ {
53
+ "component": "(c) cutting into at least one of the upper and lower insulation layer by relative penetrating movement between the at least two peeling tools (",
54
+ "subcomponents": []
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "component": "(d) slight moving the at least one peeling tool (",
58
+ "subcomponents": []
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "component": "(e) separating of a chip (",
62
+ "subcomponents": []
63
+ }
64
+ ]
65
+ },
66
+ {
67
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
68
+ "preamble": "3. A process for partially exposing conductor tracks of a multiconductor insulated laminated cable by forming at least one window of a desired length into at least one of an upper and lower insulation layer of the laminated cable (",
69
+ "components": [
70
+ {
71
+ "component": "(a) introducing the laminated cable (",
72
+ "subcomponents": []
73
+ },
74
+ {
75
+ "component": "(b) fixing of the laminated cable (",
76
+ "subcomponents": []
77
+ },
78
+ {
79
+ "component": "(c) cutting into at least one of the upper and lower insulation layer by relative penetrating movement between at least one of the plurality of peeling tools (",
80
+ "subcomponents": []
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "component": "(d) slight moving the at least one peeling tool (",
84
+ "subcomponents": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "component": "(e) separating of a chip (",
88
+ "subcomponents": []
89
+ }
90
+ ]
91
+ },
92
+ {
93
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
94
+ "preamble": "4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of (f) cutting the laminated cable (",
95
+ "components": []
96
+ },
97
+ {
98
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
99
+ "preamble": "5. The process as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising the step of (f) cutting the laminated cable (",
100
+ "components": []
101
+ },
102
+ {
103
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
104
+ "preamble": "6. The process as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising the step of (f) cutting the laminated cable (",
105
+ "components": []
106
+ },
107
+ {
108
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
109
+ "preamble": "7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of introducing the laminated cable (",
110
+ "components": []
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
114
+ "preamble": "8. The process as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising the step of introducing the laminated cable (",
115
+ "components": []
116
+ },
117
+ {
118
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
119
+ "preamble": "9. The process as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising the step of introducing the laminated cable (",
120
+ "components": []
121
+ },
122
+ {
123
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
124
+ "preamble": "10. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of aligning the at least one peeling tool (",
125
+ "components": []
126
+ },
127
+ {
128
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
129
+ "preamble": "11. The process as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising the step of aligning the at least two peeling tools (",
130
+ "components": []
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
134
+ "preamble": "12. The process as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising the step of aligning the plurality of peeling tools (",
135
+ "components": []
136
+ },
137
+ {
138
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
139
+ "preamble": "13. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the steps of effecting the peeling off of a predetermined length and width of the window (",
140
+ "components": []
141
+ },
142
+ {
143
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
144
+ "preamble": "14. The process as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising the step of effecting the peeling off of a predetermined length and width of the window (",
145
+ "components": []
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
149
+ "preamble": "15. The process as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising the step of effecting the peeling off of a predetermined length and width of the window (",
150
+ "components": []
151
+ },
152
+ {
153
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
154
+ "preamble": "16. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of effecting the peeling off of a predetermined length and width of the window (",
155
+ "components": []
156
+ },
157
+ {
158
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
159
+ "preamble": "17. The process as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising the step of effecting the peeling off of a predetermined length and width of the window (",
160
+ "components": []
161
+ },
162
+ {
163
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00018",
164
+ "preamble": "18. The process as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising the step of effecting the peeling off of a predetermined length and width of the window (",
165
+ "components": []
166
+ },
167
+ {
168
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00019",
169
+ "preamble": "19. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of effecting the separation of the chip (",
170
+ "components": []
171
+ },
172
+ {
173
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00020",
174
+ "preamble": "20. The process as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising the step of effecting the separation of the chip (",
175
+ "components": []
176
+ },
177
+ {
178
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00021",
179
+ "preamble": "21. The process as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising the step of effecting the separation of the chip (",
180
+ "components": []
181
+ },
182
+ {
183
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00022",
184
+ "preamble": "22. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of effecting the separation of the chip (",
185
+ "components": []
186
+ },
187
+ {
188
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00023",
189
+ "preamble": "23. The process as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising the step of effecting the separation of the chip (",
190
+ "components": []
191
+ },
192
+ {
193
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00024",
194
+ "preamble": "24. The process as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising the step of effecting the separation of the chip (",
195
+ "components": []
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00025",
199
+ "preamble": "25. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of moving the at least one peeling tool (",
200
+ "components": []
201
+ },
202
+ {
203
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00026",
204
+ "preamble": "26. The process for partially exposing conductor tracks in multiconductor laminated cables ( claim 1 , further comprising at least one of the following steps: punching, cutting to length, slitting, marking, embossing of the laminated cable, cleaning of the exposed conductor tracks, testing of the exposed conductor tracks.",
205
+ "components": []
206
+ }
207
+ ],
208
+ "description": [
209
+ "The invention relates to a continuous process and an apparatus for partially exposing the conductor strips of laminated cables completely insulated in the longitudinal direction, in accordance with specifiable parameters determined according to the subsequent conditions of use.",
210
+ "In the production of flexible laminated cables by adhesively bonding an upper laminate web, cut to corresponding lengths of previously determined parts, it is customary to leave slots over the exposed conductors. However, this considerably impairs the effectiveness of the known cost-saving production processes for flat cables. Furthermore, the precision required in the positioning of the windows and the positional stability of the flat conductors during the use of this process, which stability still has to be maintained, cannot be guaranteed so that complicated finishing operations are often required.",
211
+ "DE-GBM 89 08 274 discloses the adhesive bonding of an upper/lower laminate web, which was provided beforehand with appropriately positioned windows, to the still exposed flat conductors in the course of the production process, the disadvantages as described above likewise occurring.",
212
+ "German Patent 35 01 839 describes the use of a pulsed laser beam with ultraviolet emission for stripping conductors by means of which the laser beam vaporizes the insulation layer over the conductor in the intended parts without contact. Apart from the fact that here too complete and residue-free exposing of specific conductor segments cannot be reliably achieved, this process requires additional outlays for the extraction of the liberated plastic vapors which are harmful to health. In addition, the remaining combustion residues may prevent a reliable electrical connection of the exposed segments to other conductors. These deficiencies are also to be expected in the laser beam process described in WO 98/20590. Furthermore, it is known (e.g. DE 27 23 851) that the ends of laminated cables can be stripped with the aid of an electrically heatable knife, with the result that only windows which extend over the total cable width could be introduced into continuously moving material.",
213
+ "DE 19 43 374 discloses an arrangement for the complete or partial stripping of individual parts of laminated cables. This is effected using at least one laser whose beam is to be guided with such an energy and at such an angle to that part of the cable which is to be stripped that the desired amount of the insulation material is removed without the conductors being damaged. However, practical experience has shown that sufficiently accurate stripping which removes the insulation material without a residue, in particular in a dust-free manner, is not always achieved.",
214
+ "It is therefore the object of the invention to develop a process and an apparatus for producing windows in exactly predetermined parts above/below individual/all flat conductors of a multiconductor laminated cable, which windows are distinguished by clean and accurate contours and furthermore ensure good positional stability of the conductors. Finishing operations are to be substantially avoided.",
215
+ "The process according to the invention is described with its variants in the independent process claims and the associated apparatuses are described with their variants in the independent product claims. The dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments of the process and of the apparatus or to variants thereof.",
216
+ "In one embodiment, the flat cable produced in a known manner is first fixed by means of the apparatus according to the invention in such a way that an individually feedable and individually movable peeling tool can be assigned to each conductor track both from above and from below. In a first operation, an incision is made in the upper and/or lower insulation layer at the beginning of the previously determined window opening(s) by setting down the peeling tool or tools required in each case. By subsequent slight raising of the peeling tool or tools required by a part of the thickness of the insulation layer and subsequent defined movement of the peeling tools along the flat cable, the insulation layer present above/below the conductor tracks is peeled off in accordance with the respective predetermined window length (working stroke). The window width is exactly reached by one cutting contour each at both ends of the cutting tool or tools. Thereafter, the peeling tools are raised, the cable attachment is released and the chips formed during peeling are separated off without dust production (empty stroke).",
217
+ "In one embodiment, the apparatus according to the invention consists of a table, a feed device for the laminated cable, a support with the peeling tools, an alignment and fixing unit and a chip breaker and of an electronic control unit with a measuring and central processing unit. According to the invention, a peeling tool is coordinated with each conductor track in the laminated cable from above and/or below.",
218
+ "The peeling tools are wedge-shaped in such a way that their end faces tapering to a small angle form a sharp cutting edge for cutting into and subsequently peeling off the windows.",
219
+ "The control unit serves for constant evaluation of the process results and correction thereof and the input and storage of process parameters for further variants of the production of windows and the reproducibility of the production sequence.",
220
+ "Since the cable always has tolerances, it is advantageous if stored or\u2014preferably automatically\u2014measured correction values are implemented manually or automatically with the axes present.",
221
+ "The invention is to be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment. In the attached drawings,",
222
+ "FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the process according to the invention,",
223
+ "FIG. 2 shows the structure of an associated apparatus comprising tools arranged above the work table and",
224
+ "FIG. 3 shows an embodiment having pivotable peeling tools.",
225
+ "The laminated cable 1 is guided over the table 2 and aligned by means of the associated alignment and fixing unit 3 accurately in terms of position and distance with respect to the start of the cable and the tools. The wedge-shaped peeling tools 5 are arranged on the support 4 above the table 2, side by side and transverse to the flat cable 1. Their end faces tapering to a small angle each forming a sharp cutting edge 6 for cutting into the insulation layer and for subsequently peeling it off. Clean lateral cut edges of the windows 7 produced in the longitudinal direction of the flat cable 1 are achieved by additional sharp contours 8 at the triangular side faces of the peeling tools 5. All peeling tools 5 are longitudinally movable together with the support 4 and are arranged to be individually height-adjustable independently of one another in the support 4, so that they can be set up for cutting the windows 7 as defined beforehand in position and dimension into the insulation layer of the cable 1 and for peeling off the relevant insulation layer zones before the beginning of work. Behind the tool support 4, the alignment and fixing unit 3 and the chip breaker 9 are arranged in a height-adjustable manner on the work table 2. The apparatus is controlled by a measuring unit 11 and a central processor unit 12, which are electrically connected to the support 4, the alignment and fixing unit 3 and the chip breaker 9. Longitudinal segments of the laminated cable 1 passing through are detected by the measuring unit 11 and communicated to the central processor unit 12. After a preselected distance to the respective preceding window 7 or to the start of the flat cable has been reached, the central processor unit 12 transmits signals for alignment and fixing of the cable 1 to the executing apparatus. The peeling tool or tools 5 is or are lowered and the insulation layer is cut into above the conductor tracks of the flat cable 1. Thereafter, the respective peeling tool 5 is raised by a minimum amount and the support 4 with the wedge-shaped peeling tools 5 are moved in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cable 1 by the length of the intended window 7 (working stroke). The insulation layer is peeled off above the conductor tracks and remains hanging on the insulation layer as chip 10 at the end of the window 7. After the peeling tools 5 return to their starting position (empty stroke), the laminated cable 1 is transported onwards in the opposite direction through the fixing unit until window 7 is present below the chip breaker 9, where the chip 10 is separated off and is removed by extraction. This is followed by the working stroke for the next window 7.",
226
+ "The windows can also be introduced in a continuous process for the production of the laminated cable. In this case, a flat cable buffer forms during the \u201cpeeling\u201d operation before the support 4 of the peeling tool or tools 5. The division of the endless cable 1 into lengths for use is then carried out behind the apparatus. If lengths already cut to size are to be provided with windows, the fixing of the defined starting position can likewise be carried out in the apparatus according to the invention by means of the fixing unit after the appropriate program has been saved in the central processor unit 12.",
227
+ "The version according to FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment in which the peeling tool 5 is pivotably mounted on the support 4 by means of a two-arm lever 18 which is operated by a drive 14. The entire support 14 can be adjusted in its height relative to the work table 2 by means of an adjusting cam 16. An alignment and fixing unit can be operated by means of toggle lever 15, likewise by a drive 14. A frame supports the entire apparatus. Said apparatus can also be arranged between drive belts or drive rollers so that the belt feed can take place automatically. For the displacement of the work table relative to the peeling tools, a drive 14 which is adjustable in position by means of adjusting screw 19 is also provided at the side of the work table 2.",
228
+ "By means of the described continuous process according to the invention and the associated apparatus, electrically conducting windows can be introduced in exactly predetermined parts above and/or below individual or all conductor tracks of a multiconductor laminated cables which windows are distinguished by clean and accurate contours and nevertheless ensure good positional stability of the individual conductors. Subsequent finishing operations, for example during the mounting of cables, are very substantially avoided.",
229
+ "Variants of the processes described are mentioned in the ancillary independent claims and in the subclaims.",
230
+ "1 Laminated cable\n 2 Table\n 3 Alignment and fixing unit\n 4 Support\n 5 Peeling tools\n 6 Cutting edge of the peeling tool\n 7 Window in the laminated cable\n 8 Contours at the end of the peeling tool\n 9 Chip breaker\n 10 Chip\n 11 Measuring unit\n 12 Central processor unit\n 13 Feed device\n 14 Drives\n 15 Toggle lever\n 16 Eccentric height adjustment\n 17 Frame"
231
+ ],
232
+ "citations": [
233
+ "3261239",
234
+ "3385140",
235
+ "3909911",
236
+ "4106377",
237
+ "4120217",
238
+ "4470195",
239
+ "4662968",
240
+ "1 943 374",
241
+ "27 23 851",
242
+ "35 01 839",
243
+ "89 08 274",
244
+ "WO98/20590"
245
+ ],
246
+ "us_classification": "29825",
247
+ "international_classifications": [
248
+ {
249
+ "classification_level": "A",
250
+ "section": "H",
251
+ "classification_class": "01",
252
+ "subclass": "R",
253
+ "main_group": "43",
254
+ "subgroup": "00"
255
+ }
256
+ ]
257
+ }
json_patents/06983535.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Insertion of electrical component within a via of a printed circuit board",
3
+ "abstract": "A method for reducing the impedance of a reference path in a printed circuit board includes forming a printed circuit board having a plurality of conductive layers including first, second, third, and fourth layers. The printed circuit board includes two or more vias interconnecting two or more of the conductive layers. A first via is part of a signal path configured to carry a signal from the first layer to the second layer. A second via is part of a reference path configured to carry said signal from a third layer to a fourth conductive layer. The method further includes embedding an electrical component, such as a capacitor, in the second via between two of the conductive layers.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Crockett",
6
+ "Minikel"
7
+ ],
8
+ "document_number": "06983535",
9
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
10
+ "assignees": [
11
+ "International Business Machines Corporation"
12
+ ],
13
+ "claims": [
14
+ {
15
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
16
+ "preamble": "1. A method for reducing impedance within a reference path in a printed circuit board comprising the steps of:",
17
+ "components": [
18
+ {
19
+ "component": "forming said printed circuit board comprising a plurality of conductive layers, wherein one of said plurality of conductive layers is a first layer, wherein one of said plurality of conductive layers is a second layer, wherein said printed circuit board further comprises two or more vias interconnecting two or more conductive layers of said plurality of conductive layers, wherein a first of said two or more vias is part of a signal path configured to carry said signal from said first layer to said second layer, wherein a second of said two or more vias is part of a reference path configured to carry said signal from a third layer to a fourth conductive layer; and",
20
+ "subcomponents": []
21
+ },
22
+ {
23
+ "component": "embedding an electrical component in said second of said two or more vias between two conductive layers of said plurality of conductive layers;",
24
+ "subcomponents": []
25
+ },
26
+ {
27
+ "component": "wherein said electrical component has a greater diameter in a center than at ends of said electrical component, wherein each end of said electrical component has a conductive cap which is tinned.",
28
+ "subcomponents": []
29
+ }
30
+ ]
31
+ },
32
+ {
33
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
34
+ "preamble": "2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein said electrical component is a capacitor.",
35
+ "components": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
39
+ "preamble": "3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein said second via of said two or more vias is a via adjacent to said first via of said two or more vias.",
40
+ "components": []
41
+ },
42
+ {
43
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
44
+ "preamble": "4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein a diameter from one end of said electrical component changes to an other end of said electrical component, wherein said second via of said two or more vias is configured so that one end of said second via of said two or more vias changes in diameter to an other end of said second via of said two or more vias.",
45
+ "components": []
46
+ },
47
+ {
48
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
49
+ "preamble": "5. The method as recited in claim 4 further comprising the step of:",
50
+ "components": [
51
+ {
52
+ "component": "embedding said electrical component between two conductive layers of said plurality of conductive layers within said printed circuit board by adjusting the diameter of said electrical component and the diameter of said second via of said two or more vias.",
53
+ "subcomponents": []
54
+ }
55
+ ]
56
+ },
57
+ {
58
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
59
+ "preamble": "6. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein said electrical component is packaged as a pin, wherein each end of said electrical component is soldered to said two conductive layers of said plurality of conductive layers within said printed circuit board.",
60
+ "components": []
61
+ },
62
+ {
63
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
64
+ "preamble": "7. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein said second layer is configured to carry said signal to a load, wherein said third layer is configured to return said signal from said load.",
65
+ "components": []
66
+ }
67
+ ],
68
+ "description": [
69
+ "This is a divisional application of filed parent application Ser. No. 09/775,250 filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office on Feb. 1, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,621,012 as the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.",
70
+ "The present invention relates to the field of printed circuit boards, and more particularly to a printed circuit board comprising an internal electrical component positioned within a via of the printed circuit board to suppress impedance and/or save space.",
71
+ "A printed circuit board is a board that may hold integrated circuits commonly referred to as chips and other electronic components. Typically, a printed circuit board is made of conductive layers separated by non-conductive dielectric. Conductive pathways commonly referred to as vias may interconnect electrical components on different layers of the board. The vias may be created by drilling through the printed circuit board at the appropriate place where two or more layers will interconnect and allowing conductive material, e.g., copper, to run through the hole. The conductive material, e.g., copper, may coat only the side of the hole or fill the entire hole.",
72
+ "When high frequency Alternating Current (AC) signals change layers in a printed circuit board, an undesirable electrical disturbance commonly referred to as electromagnetic interference is produced as illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art printed circuit board 100 comprising a plurality of conductive layers 110A\u2013F separated by non-conductive dielectric. Printed circuit board 100 further comprises a plurality of vias 150A\u2013C. Layers 110A\u2013F may collectively or individually be referred to as layers 110 or layer 110, respectively. Vias 150A\u2013C may collectively or individually be referred to as vias 150 or via 150, respectively. As stated above, electromagnetic interference may result when high frequency AC signals change layers in a printed circuit board. For example, an input signal, e.g., high frequency AC signal, may travel along a path commonly referred to as a transmission line from a source 120 to a load 130. The transmission line may be formed from two separate conductive paths. The first conductive path, commonly referred to as the signal path, may be from the etch, i.e., trace, on the top signal layer 110, i.e., layer 110A, of printed circuit board 100 to the etch, i.e., trace, on the bottom signal layer 110, i.e., layer 110F, through via 150A of printed circuit board 100. The second conductive path, commonly referred to as the reference path, may be between the reference layers 110 nearest to the conductive signal path, e.g., path between layers 110E and 110B. As the difference between the impedance of the input signal and reference layers 110, e.g., layers 110B, 110E, increases, energy may be lost. The lost energy may appear as undesirable noise commonly referred to as electromagnetic interference. When a high frequency AC signal changes layers 110 in printed circuit board 100, an impedance break may occur at the reference layer 110, e.g., layer 110B, nearest to the signal line, e.g., layer 110A. The impedance break may result in a large impedance difference increasing undesired electromagnetic interference.",
73
+ "In prior art printed circuit boards, electromagnetic interference may be reduced by placing a surface mount capacitor on the outside layer of the printed circuit board as illustrated in FIG. 1. A surface mount capacitor 140 may be mounted on the surface layer 110, e.g., layer 110A, of printed circuit board 100 to reduce the undesirable impedance of the reference path side of the transmission line. Typically, surface mount capacitor 140 may be placed near the bus or data path commonly referred to as the high frequency via 150, e.g., via 150A, where the input signal, i.e., source signal, travels from the top signal layer 110, i.e., layer 110A, to the bottom signal layer 110, i.e., layer 110F. By placing surface mount capacitor 140 near the high frequency via 150, i.e., via 150A, an AC low impedance path between reference layers 110B and 110E through surface mount capacitor 140 may be formed thereby reducing the electromagnetic interference generated.",
74
+ "As the frequency of the source signal increases the impedance of the vias 150, e.g., vias 150B\u2013C, used to connect surface mount capacitor 140 between the reference layers 110, e.g., layers 110B, 110E, increases. As the impedance of the vias 150, e.g., vias 150B\u2013C, increases, the impedance mismatch of the transmission line may be increased thereby creating electromagnetic interference. Subsequently, the frequency range of the input signal may be limited.",
75
+ "It would therefore be desirable to reduce the impedance within the reference path side of the high frequency transmission line. It would further be desirable to save space in the printed circuit board.",
76
+ "The problems outlined above may at least in part be solved in some embodiments by embedding an electrical component within a via of the printed circuit board to reduce the impedance within the reference path and/or saving space within the printed circuit board.",
77
+ "In one embodiment, a printed circuit board comprises a plurality of conductive layers where one of the plurality of conductive layers is a first layer, e.g., top signal layer, and one of the plurality of conductive layers is a second layer, e.g., bottom signal layer. The printed circuit board further comprises two or more vias for interconnecting two or more conductive layers. One of the two or more vias is part of a signal path configured to carry a source signal from the first layer to the second layer. Furthermore, one of the two or more vias is part of a reference path configured to carry the source signal from a third layer to a fourth layer. The printed circuit board further comprises an electrical component embedded in the via that is part of the reference path between two conductive layers to reduce the impedance within the reference path.",
78
+ "In another embodiment of the present invention, a printed circuit board comprises a plurality of conductive layers. The printed circuit board further comprises two or more vias for interconnecting two or more conductive layers. The printed circuit board further comprises an electrical component embedded in a particular via between two conductive layers instead of placing the electrical component on the surface of the printed circuit board thereby saving space within the printed circuit board.",
79
+ "The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention.",
80
+ "A better understanding of the present invention can be obtained when the following detailed description is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:",
81
+ "FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration of a printed circuit board with a surface mount capacitor configured to suppress electromagnetic interference;",
82
+ "FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a printed circuit board with an embedded electrical component configured in accordance with the present invention;",
83
+ "FIGS. 3A\u2013C illustrate embodiments of the present invention of various configurations of the electrical component as well as the corresponding via where the electrical component may be embedded;",
84
+ "FIG. 4 illustrates various elevation and cross sectional views of the printed circuit board of FIG. 2;",
85
+ "FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for reducing the impedance within the reference path in a printed circuit board; and",
86
+ "FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for saving space in a printed circuit board.",
87
+ "The present invention comprises a printed circuit board and method for suppressing the electromagnetic interference generated by an impedance mismatch in the transmission line and/or saving space within the printed circuit board. In one embodiment of the present invention, a printed circuit board comprises a plurality of conductive layers. The printed circuit board further comprises two or more vias for interconnecting two or more conductive layers. The printed circuit board further comprises an electrical component embedded in a particular via between two conductive layers to reduce the impedance within the reference path thereby reducing undesired electromagnetic interference and/or saving space within the printed circuit board.",
88
+ "FIG. 2\u2014Printed Circuit Board",
89
+ "FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention of a printed circuit board 200. As stated in the Background Information section, in prior art printed circuit boards, electromagnetic interference may be reduced by placing a surface mount capacitor near the high frequency via 150A (FIG. 1) and connected between reference layers, e.g., layers 110B, 110E (FIG. 1), as illustrated in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 1, the effectiveness of the surface mount capacitor may be limited by the impedance of the vias 150, e.g., 150B\u2013C, used to connect surface mount capacitor 140 between reference layers 110, e.g., layers 110B, 110E. By limiting the effectiveness of surface mount capacitor 140, the frequency range of the input signal may be limited. It would therefore be desirable to reduce the impedance within the reference path. It would further be desirable to save space in the printed circuit board. Printed circuit board 200 comprises an embedded electrical component, e.g., capacitor, within a single via that forms part of the reference path to reduce the impedance on the reference path. By reducing the impedance on the reference path, the impedance mismatch of the transmission line may be reduced thereby reducing undesired electromagnetic interference. Furthermore, printed circuit board 200 illustrates that space may be saved by embedding an electrical component such as a two terminal electrical component, e.g., capacitor, resistor, inductor, diode, within a particular via instead of placing the electrical component on a surface layer of the printed circuit board.",
90
+ "Referring to FIG. 2, printed circuit board 200 comprises a plurality of conductive layers 210A\u2013F. Printed circuit board 200 further comprises a plurality of vias 250A\u2013B. Layers 210A\u2013F may collectively or individually be referred to as layers 210 or layer 210, respectively. Vias 250A\u2013B may collectively or individually be referred to as vias 250 or via 250, respectively. Printed circuit board 200 further comprises an internally embedded electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, within a via 250, e.g., via 250B. It is noted that printed circuit board 200 may comprise any number of layers 210 and any number of vias 250 and that FIG. 2 is illustrative.",
91
+ "An input signal, e.g., high frequency Alternating Current (AC) signal, travels to a load 230 from a source 220 along a path commonly referred to as a transmission line. The transmission line may be formed from two separate conductive paths. The first conductive path, commonly referred to as the signal path, may be from the etch, i.e., trace, on the top signal layer 210, i.e., layer 210A, to the etch, i.e., trace, on the bottom signal layer 210, i.e., layer 210F, through via 250A of printed circuit board 200. The signal path may be a bus or a data path. It is noted that via 250A may commonly be referred to as the high frequency via 250. The high frequency via 250, i.e., via 250A, may be configured to carry the input signal from the top signal layer 210, i.e., layer 210A, to the bottom signal layer 210, i.e., layer 210F, as illustrated in FIG. 2. That is, layer 210A and layer 210F are electrically interconnected by having conductive material, e.g., copper, interconnect layer 210A with the high frequency via 250, i.e., via 250A, and interconnect layer 210F with the high frequency via 250, i.e., via 250A, as illustrated by the thick line in layer 210A and layer 210F that intersects with the high frequency via 250, i.e., via 250A.",
92
+ "The second conductive path of the transmission line, commonly referred to as the reference path, may be between the reference layers 210 nearest to the conductive signal path, i.e., path between layers 210E and 210B. The reference path may comprise the path from reference layer 210E to reference layer 210B through via 250, e.g., via 250B. Via 250B may be configured to carry the signal from reference layer 210E to reference layer 210B as illustrated in FIG. 2. That is, layer 210B and layer 210E are electrically interconnected by having conductive material, e.g., copper, interconnect layer 210B with via 250B and interconnect layer 210E with via 250B as illustrated by the thick line in layer 210B and layer 210E that intersects via 250B. It is noted that the reference path may be between any two reference layers 210 and that each reference layer 210 may be any layer 210 of printed circuit board 200.",
93
+ "As stated above, electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded within the via 250 that forms part of the reference path, e.g., via 250B, of the input signal, instead of mounting the electrical component, e.g., capacitor, on the surface layer of the printed circuit board thereby reducing the impedance within the reference path. By embedding electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, within the via 250, e.g., via 250B, that forms part of the reference path instead of mounting the electrical component, e.g., capacitor, on a surface layer of the printed circuit board, the reference path is shortened in distance thereby reducing the impedance within the reference path part of the transmission line. That is, instead of the input signal traveling from layer 110E (FIG. 1) to layer 110A (FIG. 1) and then traveling through surface mount capacitor 140 (FIG. 1) as illustrated in FIG. 1, the input signal travels from layer 210E (FIG. 2) through electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, to layer 210B (FIG. 2) as illustrated in FIG. 2. It is noted that electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded between any two separate conductive layers 210, e.g., layers 210A\u2013F.",
94
+ "It is noted that the via 250 that forms part of the reference path of the input signal may be any via 250 except the via 250 designated as the high frequency via 250, e.g., via 250A. It is further noted that electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded in any via 250 of printed circuit board 200. It is further noted that in the preferred embodiment, electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, is embedded in the via 250 that forms part of the reference path. It is further noted that in the preferred embodiment, the via 250 that forms part of the reference path is the via 250 adjacent to the via 250 designated as the high frequency via 250, e.g., via 250A, to maximize the suppression of electromagnetic interference.",
95
+ "As stated above, printed circuit board 200 illustrates that space may be saved by embedding an electrical component 240 such as a two terminal electrical component, e.g., capacitor, resistor, inductor, diode, within a via 250, e.g., via 250B, instead of placing the electrical component on the surface of the printed circuit board. It is noted for clarity that any two terminal electrical component, e.g., capacitor, resistor, inductor, diode, may be embedded within any via 250, e.g., via 250B, thereby saving space in the printed circuit board. However, only particular electrical components, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded in particular vias 250, e.g., via 250B, to reduce the impedance of the reference path part of the transmission line by effectively reducing the distance of the reference path. A more detailed description of embedding an electrical component 240 such as a two terminal electrical component, e.g., capacitor, resistor, inductor, diode, within a particular via 250, e.g., via 250B, is provided below.",
96
+ "In one embodiment of the present invention, electrical component 240 such as a two terminal electrical component, e.g., capacitor, resistor, inductor, diode, embedded within printed circuit board 200 may be configured to match the configuration shape of the via 250 where electrical component 240 may be embedded. For example, an electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, as well as the particular via 250, e.g., via 250B, where electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded may both be configured cylindrically as illustrated in FIG. 3A. In another embodiment, the center diameter of electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be greater than at the outer ends of electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, and the diameter of the particular via 250, e.g., 250B, where electrical component 240 may be the embedded may gradually change, e.g., decrease, from one end to the other end as illustrated in FIG. 3B. In another embodiment, the diameter of electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, as well as the diameter of the particular via 250, e.g., via 250B, where the electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded may both gradually change, e.g., decrease, from one end to the other end as illustrated in FIG. 3C. Referring to FIGS. 3A\u2013C, by adjusting the diameter of electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, and the diameter of the particular via 250, e.g., via 250B, where electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded, the electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded between any two user designated conductive layers 210. That is, electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded between any two user designated conductive layers 210, e.g., layers 210A\u2013F, in the via 250 that forms part of the reference path to suppress the impedance within the reference path. Electrical component 240 such as a two terminal electrical component, e.g., capacitor, resistor, inductor, diode, may be embedded between any two user designated conductive layers 210, e.g., layers 210A\u2013F, in any via 250, e.g., via 250B, to save space in printed circuit 200. In another embodiment, electrical component 240 may be packaged as a pin where each end of electrical component 240 may be soldered to particular layers 210, e.g., layers 210E, 210B, of a particular via 250, e.g., via 250B.",
97
+ "FIG. 4\u2014Perspective Views of Printed Circuit Board of FIG. 2",
98
+ "FIG. 4 illustrates various perspective views, e.g., top elevation view 410, bottom elevation view 420, cross sectional side view 430, cross sectional side view 440, cross sectional center view 450, of printed circuit board 200 of FIG. 2.",
99
+ "Top elevation view 410 of printed circuit board 200 illustrates that the high frequency via 250, i.e., via 250A, is interconnected to a trace on the top signal layer, i.e., layer 210A, whereas via 250B is not interconnected to any traces on the top signal layer, i.e., layer 210A. Bottom elevation view 410 of printed circuit board 200 illustrates that the high frequency via 250, i.e., via 250A, is interconnected to a trace on the bottom signal layer, i.e., layer 210F, whereas via 250B is not interconnected to any traces on the bottom signal layer, i.e., layer 210F.",
100
+ "Cross sectional side view 430 of printed circuit board 200 illustrates an embodiment of electrical component 240 such as a two terminal electrical component, e.g., capacitor, resistor, inductor, diode, configured with a central diameter that is greater than the diameter at the outer ends of electrical component 240 (as illustrated in FIG. 3B). Furthermore, each end of electrical component 240 may have a conductive cap that is tinned, i.e., covering conductive cap with a tin alloy. By having each end of electrical component 240 tinned, solder residue sticks to the end of electrical component 240 that is tinned. Since the central diameter of electrical component 240 is greater than the outer ends of electrical component 240, solder residue may be prevented from flowing around the center of electrical component 240 thereby preventing the shorting of electrical component 240. Furthermore, side view 430 of printed circuit board 200 illustrates via 250B interconnected to layer 210B and layer 210E as illustrated by the thick lines intersecting via 250B at layers 210B and 210E. It is noted that via 250B may be interconnected between any two separate conductive layers 210, e.g., layers 210A\u2013F.",
101
+ "Cross sectional side view 440 of printed circuit board 200 illustrates high frequency via 250, e.g., via 250A, connected to the top signal layer 210,i.e., layer 210A, and bottom signal layer 210, i.e., layer 210F. In cross sectional side view 440 of printed circuit board 200, high frequency via 250, e.g., via 250A, is not connected to any other layers 210 as illustrated by the absence of thick lines intersecting via 250A at any of the internal conductive layers 210, i.e., layers 210B\u2013E.",
102
+ "Cross sectional central view 450 of printed circuit board 200 illustrates that high frequency via 250, e.g., via 250A, is interconnected to the top signal layer, i.e., layer 210A, and to the bottom signal layer, i.e., layer 210F. Cross sectional central view 450 of printed circuit board 200 further illustrates an electrical component 240 such as a two terminal electrical component, e.g., capacitor, resistor, inductor, diode, embedded within via 250B. Electrical component 240 may be packaged as a pin where each end of electrical component 240 may be soldered to particular internal layers 210 of via 250B.",
103
+ "FIG. 5\u2014Method For Reducing Impedance Within Reference Path in a Printed Circuit Board",
104
+ "FIG. 5 illustrates a method 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Method 500 is a method for reducing the impedance within the reference path in a printed circuit board.",
105
+ "In step 510, a printed circuit board 200 may be formed comprising a plurality of conductive layers 210A\u2013F where one of the plurality of conductive layers is a top signal layer 210, i.e., layer 210A, and another one of the plurality of conductive layers is a bottom signal layer 210, i.e., layer 210F. It is noted that printed circuit board 200 may comprise any number of layers 210. Furthermore, printed circuit board 200 may comprise two or more vias 250, e.g., vias 250A\u2013B, interconnecting two or more conductive layers 210. One of the two or more vias 250 may be part of a signal path, e.g., via 250A, configured to carry a source signal from the top signal layer, i.e., layer 210A, to the bottom signal layer, i.e., layer 210F. Furthermore, one of the two or more vias 250 may be part of a reference path, e.g., via 250B, configured to carry the source signal from one of the conductive layers 210, e.g., layer 210E, to another conductive layer 210, e.g., layer 210B. It is noted that the reference path may be between any two reference layers 210 and that each reference layer 210 may be any layer 210 of printed circuit board 200. It is further noted that the via 250, e.g., via 250B, that is part of the reference path may be configured to carry the source signal from and to different conductive layers 210, e.g., layers 210A\u2013F. For example, if load 230 of FIG. 2 were coupled between the ground plate 210F and layer 210D, then the via 250, e.g., via 250B, that is part of the reference path may be configured to carry the source signal from layer 210D to layer 210B.",
106
+ "In step 520, an electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be positioned, i.e., embedded, in a particular via 250, e.g., via 250B, to reduce the impedance within the reference path portion of the transmission line. In the preferred embodiment, electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded within the via 250, e.g., via 250B, adjacent to the via 250 designated as the high frequency via 250, e.g., via 250A, to maximize the effect of reducing the impedance within the reference path in printed circuit board 200. In one embodiment of the present invention, the electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be configured to match the configuration shape of the via 250 where electrical component 240 may be embedded. For example, an electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, as well as the particular via 250, e.g., via 250B, where electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded may both be configured cylindrically as illustrated in FIG. 3A. In another embodiment, the center diameter of electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be greater than at the outer ends of electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, and the diameter of the particular via 250, e.g., 250B, where electrical component 240 may be the embedded may gradually change, e.g., decrease, from one end to the other end as illustrated in FIG. 3B. In another embodiment, the diameter of electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, as well as the diameter of the particular via 250, e.g., via 250B, where the electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded may both gradually change, e.g., decrease, from one end to the other end as illustrated in FIG. 3C. Referring to FIGS. 3A\u2013C, by adjusting the diameter of electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, and the diameter of the particular via 250, e.g., via 250B, where electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded, the electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded between any two user designated conductive layers 210. That is, electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be embedded between any two user designated conductive layers 210, e.g., layers 210A\u2013F, in the via 250 that forms part of the reference path to suppress the impedance within the reference path. In another embodiment, electrical component 240 may be packaged as a pin where each end of electrical component 240 may be soldered to particular layers 210, e.g., layer 210E and layer 210B, of a particular via 250, e.g., via 250B.",
107
+ "FIG. 6\u2014Method For Saving Space in a Printed Circuit Board.",
108
+ "FIG. 6 illustrates a method 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Method 600 is a method for saving space in a printed circuit board.",
109
+ "In step 610, a printed circuit board 200 may be formed comprising a plurality of conductive layers 210A\u2013F, where one of the plurality of conductive layers is a top signal layer, i.e., layer 210A, and another one of the plurality of conductive layers is a bottom signal layer, i.e., layer 210F. It is noted that printed circuit board 200 may comprise any number of layers 210. Furthermore, printed circuit board 200 may comprise two or more vias 250, e.g., vias 250A\u2013B, interconnecting two or more conductive layers 210.",
110
+ "In step 620, an electrical component 240 such as a two terminal electrical component, e.g., capacitor, resistor, inductor, diode, may be positioned, i.e., embedded, in any via 250, e.g., via 250B, instead of placing the electrical component on the surface of the printed circuit board. In one embodiment, electrical component 240 such as a two terminal electrical component, e.g., capacitor, resistor, inductor, diode, may be configured to match the configuration shape of the particular via 250, e.g., via 250B, where the electrical component 240 may be embedded. For example, an electrical component 240 as well as the particular via 250, e.g., via 250B, where electrical component 240 may be embedded may both be configured cylindrically as illustrated in FIG. 3A. In another embodiment, the center diameter of electrical component 240, e.g., capacitor, may be greater than at the outer ends of electrical component 240 and the diameter of the particular via 250, e.g., 250B, where electrical component 240 may be the embedded may gradually change, e.g., decrease, from one end to the other end as illustrated in FIG. 3B. In another embodiment, the diameter of electrical component 240 as well as the diameter of the particular via 250, e.g., via 250B, where the electrical component 240 may be embedded may both gradually change, e.g., decrease, from one end to the other end as illustrated in FIG. 3C. Referring to FIGS. 3A\u2013C, by adjusting the diameter of electrical component 240 and the diameter of the particular via 250, e.g., via 250B, where electrical component 240 may be embedded, the electrical component 240 may be embedded between any two user designated conductive layers 210. That is, electrical component 240 such as a two terminal electrical component, e.g., capacitor, resistor, inductor, diode, may be embedded between any two user designated conductive layers 210, e.g., layers 210A\u2013F, in any via 250, e.g., via 250B, to save space in printed circuit 200. In another embodiment, electrical component 240 such as a two terminal electrical component, e.g., capacitor, resistor, inductor, diode, may be packaged as a pin where each end of electrical component 240 may be soldered between any two conductive layers 210, e.g., layers 210A\u2013F, of a particular via 250, e.g., via 250B. It is noted that electrical component 240 may extended beyond printed circuit board 200 as long as it may be soldered to the desired conductive layers 210.",
111
+ "Although the printed circuit board and method are described in connection with several embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the specific forms set forth herein, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, as can be reasonably included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It is noted that the headings are used only for organizational purposes and not meant to limit the scope of the description or claims."
112
+ ],
113
+ "citations": [
114
+ "4800459",
115
+ "5055966",
116
+ "6388890",
117
+ "6621012",
118
+ "6625880",
119
+ "6809268"
120
+ ],
121
+ "us_classification": "29832",
122
+ "international_classifications": [
123
+ {
124
+ "classification_level": "A",
125
+ "section": "H",
126
+ "classification_class": "05",
127
+ "subclass": "K",
128
+ "main_group": "3",
129
+ "subgroup": "30"
130
+ }
131
+ ]
132
+ }
json_patents/06983536.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Method and apparatus for manufacturing known good semiconductor die",
3
+ "abstract": "A method and apparatus for fabricating known good semiconductor dice are provided. The method includes the steps of: testing the gross functionality of dice contained on a semiconductor wafer; sawing the wafer to singulate a die; and then testing the die by assembly in a carrier having an interconnect adapted to establish electrical communication between the bond pads on the die and external test circuitry. The interconnect for the carrier can be formed using different contact technologies including: thick film contact members on a rigid substrate; self-limiting contact members on a silicon substrate; or microbump contact members with a textured surface. During assembly of the carrier, the die and interconnect are optically aligned and placed into contact with a predetermined contact force. This establishes an electrical connection between the contact members on the interconnect and the bond pads of the die. In the assembled carrier the die and interconnect are biased together by a force distribution mechanism that includes a bridge clamp, a pressure plate and a spring clip. Following testing of the die, the carrier is disassembled and the tested die is removed.",
4
+ "inventors": [
5
+ "Farnworth",
6
+ "Wood"
7
+ ],
8
+ "document_number": "06983536",
9
+ "publication_date": "20060110",
10
+ "assignees": [
11
+ "Micron Technology, Inc."
12
+ ],
13
+ "claims": [
14
+ {
15
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00001",
16
+ "preamble": "1. An apparatus for manufacturing integrated circuits comprising:",
17
+ "components": [
18
+ {
19
+ "component": "an automated apparatus adapted to:",
20
+ "subcomponents": [
21
+ "pick a singulated die from a segmented wafer; and",
22
+ "while the singulated die is devoid of any packaging, performing an electrical functionality test on the singulated die to determine whether it is a satisfactorily nondefective die."
23
+ ]
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "component": "pick a singulated die from a segmented wafer; and",
27
+ "subcomponents": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "component": "while the singulated die is devoid of any packaging, performing an electrical functionality test on the singulated die to determine whether it is a satisfactorily nondefective die.",
31
+ "subcomponents": []
32
+ }
33
+ ]
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00002",
37
+ "preamble": "2. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the automated apparatus comprises a computer adapted to monitor the singulated die as it is processed by the automated apparatus.",
38
+ "components": []
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00003",
42
+ "preamble": "3. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 2 , wherein the computer is adapted to trace the singulated die as it is processed by the automated apparatus.",
43
+ "components": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00004",
47
+ "preamble": "4. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 2 , wherein the computer provides feedback specific to the manner in which the singulated die performed in response to the electrical functionality test.",
48
+ "components": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00005",
52
+ "preamble": "5. An apparatus for manufacturing integrated circuits, comprising:",
53
+ "components": [
54
+ {
55
+ "component": "an automated apparatus adapted to:",
56
+ "subcomponents": [
57
+ "pick a singulated die from a segmented wafer, the segmented wafer being mapped to identify functional die in response to a first electrical functionality test performed on a plurality of die on the wafer prior to singulation, and the singulated die picked by the automated apparatus being identified as functional in response to the first electrical functionality test; and",
58
+ "perform a second electrical functionality test on the singulated die while the singulated die is devoid of any packaging."
59
+ ]
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "component": "pick a singulated die from a segmented wafer, the segmented wafer being mapped to identify functional die in response to a first electrical functionality test performed on a plurality of die on the wafer prior to singulation, and the singulated die picked by the automated apparatus being identified as functional in response to the first electrical functionality test; and",
63
+ "subcomponents": []
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "component": "perform a second electrical functionality test on the singulated die while the singulated die is devoid of any packaging.",
67
+ "subcomponents": []
68
+ }
69
+ ]
70
+ },
71
+ {
72
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00006",
73
+ "preamble": "6. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 5 , wherein the automated apparatus comprises a computer adapted to monitor the singulated die as it is processed by the automated apparatus.",
74
+ "components": []
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00007",
78
+ "preamble": "7. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 6 , wherein the computer is adapted to trace the singulated die as it is processed by the automated apparatus.",
79
+ "components": []
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00008",
83
+ "preamble": "8. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 6 , wherein the computer provides feedback specific to the manner in which the singulated die performed in response to the second electrical functionality test.",
84
+ "components": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00009",
88
+ "preamble": "9. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 6 , wherein the computer determines whether the singulate die is satisfactorily nondefective in response to the second electrical functionality test.",
89
+ "components": []
90
+ },
91
+ {
92
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00010",
93
+ "preamble": "10. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 5 , wherein the automated apparatus is adapted to place the singulated die in a carrier prior to performing the second electrical functionality test.",
94
+ "components": []
95
+ },
96
+ {
97
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00011",
98
+ "preamble": "11. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 10 , wherein the automated apparatus performs the second electrical functionality test while the singulated die is in the carrier.",
99
+ "components": []
100
+ },
101
+ {
102
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00012",
103
+ "preamble": "12. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 11 , wherein the automated apparatus removes the singulated die from the carrier subsequent to the second electrical functionality test.",
104
+ "components": []
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00013",
108
+ "preamble": "13. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 10 , wherein the carrier is marked with a bar code to facilitate tracking of the singulated die as it is processed by the automated apparatus.",
109
+ "components": []
110
+ },
111
+ {
112
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00014",
113
+ "preamble": "14. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 5 , wherein the automated apparatus performs the second electrical functionality test at ambient temperature.",
114
+ "components": []
115
+ },
116
+ {
117
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00015",
118
+ "preamble": "15. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 5 , wherein the automated apparatus performs the second electrical functionality test at a temperature above an ambient temperature.",
119
+ "components": []
120
+ },
121
+ {
122
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00016",
123
+ "preamble": "16. An apparatus for manufacturing integrated circuits comprising:",
124
+ "components": [
125
+ {
126
+ "component": "an automated apparatus having a computer adapted to trace a singulated die as the automated apparatus performs an electrical functionality test on the singulated die, while the singulated die is devoid of any packaging, to determine whether the singulated die is a satisfactorily nondefective die.",
127
+ "subcomponents": []
128
+ }
129
+ ]
130
+ },
131
+ {
132
+ "claim_number": "CLM-00017",
133
+ "preamble": "17. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 16 , wherein the computer provides feedback specific to the manner in which the singulated die performed in response to the electrical functionality test.",
134
+ "components": []
135
+ }
136
+ ],
137
+ "description": [
138
+ "This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/975,549 filed on Nov. 20, 1997; now U.S. Pat. No. 6,763,578 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/758,657 filed on Dec. 2, 1996; now abandoned which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/485,086 filed on Jun. 7, 1995; now U.S. Pat. No. 5,640,762 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/338,345 filed on Nov. 14, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,634,267 which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/073,005 filed on Jun. 7, 1993; now U.S. Pat. No. 5,408,190 which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/709,858 filed on Jun. 4, 1991, now abandoned, Ser. No. 07/788,065 filed on Nov. 5, 1991, and Ser. No. 07/981,956 filed on Nov. 24, 1992.",
139
+ "U.S. application Ser. No. 08/485,086 filed on Jun. 7, 1995, is also a continuing application of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/338,345 filed on Nov. 14, 1994; which is a continuing application of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/788,065 filed on Nov. 5, 1991; which is a continuing application of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/644,146 filed on Jan. 22, 1991, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,138,434 on Aug. 11, 1992; which is a continuing application of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/311,728 filed on Feb. 15, 1989, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,850 on Feb. 12, 1991; which is a continuing application of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/252,606 filed on Sep. 30, 1988, and issued on Feb. 6, 1990 as U.S. Pat. No. 4,899,107.",
140
+ "U.S. application Ser. No. 08/485,086 filed on Jun. 7, 1995 is also a continuing application of application Ser. No. 07/981,956 filed on Nov. 24, 1992; which is a continuation-in-part application of now abandoned application Ser. No. 07/575,470 filed on Nov. 24, 1992; which is a continuing application of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/311,728 filed on Feb. 15, 1989, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,850 on Feb. 12, 1991; which is a continuing application of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/252,606 filed on Sep. 30, 1988, and issued on Feb. 6, 1990 as U.S. Pat. No. 4,899,107.",
141
+ "This application is related to copending application Ser. No. 08/124,899 filed Sep. 21, 1993; Ser. No. 08/046,675 filed Apr. 14, 1993; Ser. No. 08/073,003 filed Jun. 7, 1993; Ser. No. 08/120,628 filed Sep. 13, 1993; Ser. No. 08/192,023 filed Feb. 3, 1994; Ser. No. 07/896,297 filed Jun. 10, 1992; Ser. No. 08/192,391 filed Feb. 3, 1994; and, Ser. No. 08/137,675 filed Oct. 14, 1993.",
142
+ "This invention relates to semiconductor manufacture and more particularly to a method and apparatus for manufacturing known good die.",
143
+ "One of the fastest growing segments of the semiconductor industry is the manufacture of multi-chip modules (MCM). Multi-chip modules are being increasingly used in computers to form PC chip sets and in telecommunication items such as modems and cellular telephones. In addition, consumer electronic products such as watches and calculators typically include multi-chip modules.",
144
+ "With a multi-chip module, non-packaged or bare dice (i.e., chips) are secured to a secured to a substrate (e.g., printed circuit board) using an adhesive. Electrical connections are then made directly to the bond pads on each die and to electrical leads on the substrate. Non-packaged dice are favored because the costs associated with manufacturing and packaging the dice are substantially reduced. This is because the processes for packaging semiconductor dice are extremely complex and costly.",
145
+ "This is illustrated with reference to FIG. 1. A fabrication process for a packaged die begins with a semiconductor wafer on which a large number of semiconductor dice have been formed by doping, masking, deposition of metals, and etching a silicon substrate. Initially the wafer is probed and mapped, step 10. Wafer mapping is performed to test the gross functionality of the dice on the wafer. The nonfunctional dice are mechanically marked or mapped in software. Next, the mapped wafer is mounted on a carrying film, step 12. The carrying film allows the wafer to be mechanically transported and provides support for the saw cutting procedure.",
146
+ "Next, the dice are singulated using a diamond saw, step 14. Each singulated die must then be attached to a metal lead frame, step 16. A single lead frame supports several semiconductor dice for packaging and provides the leads for the packaged die. Die attach to the lead frame is typically accomplished using a liquid epoxy adhesive that must be cured with heat, step 18. Next, a wire bond process, step 20, is performed to attach thin bond wires to the bond pads on the die and to the lead fingers of the lead frame. A protective coating such as a polyimide film is then applied to the wire bonded die, step 22, and this coating is cured, step 24.",
147
+ "The semiconductor die is then encapsulated using an epoxy molding process, step 26. Alternately premade ceramic packages with a ceramic lid may be used to package the die. Next, the encapsulated die is laser marked for identification, step 28. This is followed by an electrolytic deflash for removing excess encapsulating material, step 30, an encapsulation cure, step 32 and cleaning with a citric bath, step 34. Next, the lead frame is trimmed and formed, step 36, to form the leads of the package, and the leads are plated using a wave solder process (tin or plating), step 38. This is followed by scanning, step 40, in which the packaged dice are optically scanned for defects and then an inventory, step 42.",
148
+ "The packaged die is then subjected to a hot pregrade test, step 44 in which it is tested and then marked, step 46. A series of burn-in tests, steps 48 and 50, and a hot final test, step 52 are then performed to complete the testing procedure. This is followed by another scan, step 54, a visual inspection, step 56, a quality control check, step 58, and packaging for shipping, step 60. The finished goods are represented at step 62.",
149
+ "As is apparent, the packaging process (steps 16-40) for manufacturing packaged dice requires a large amount of time, materials and capital investment to accomplish. Thus one advantage of manufacturing bare or unpackaged dice is that the above manufacturing process can be greatly simplified because all of the packaging steps are eliminated. A disadvantage of manufacturing unpackaged dice is that transport and testing of the dice is more difficult to accomplish.",
150
+ "With unpackaged dice, semiconductor manufacturers are required to supply dice that have been tested and certified as known good die (KGD). Known-good-die (KGD) is a collective term that connotes unpackaged die having the same quality and reliability as the equivalent packaged product. This has led to a need in the art for manufacturing processes suitable for fabricating and testing bare or unpackaged semiconductor die.",
151
+ "For test and burn-in of bare die, a carrier must replace a conventional single chip package in the manufacturing process. The carrier includes an interconnect that allows a temporary electrical connection to be made between external test circuitry and the bond pads of the die. In addition, such a carrier must be compatible with semiconductor manufacturing equipment and allow the necessary test procedures to be performed without damaging the die. The bond pads on a die are particularly susceptible to damage during the test procedure.",
152
+ "In response to the need for unpackaged die, different semiconductor manufacturers have developed carriers for testing known good die. As an example, carriers for testing unpackaged die are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,899,107 to Corbett et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,891 to Wood et al., which are assigned to Micron Technology, Inc. Other carriers for unpackaged die are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,123,850 to Elder et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,117 to Malhi et al., which are assigned to Texas Instruments.",
153
+ "One of the key design considerations for a carrier is the method for establishing electrical communication between the die and interconnect. With some carriers, the die is placed face down in the carrier and biased into contact with the interconnect. The interconnect includes contacts that physically align with and contact the bond pads or test pads of the die. Exemplary contact structures include wires, needles, and bumps. The mechanisms for making electrical contact include piercing the native oxide of the bond pad with a sharp point, breaking or burnishing the native oxide with a bump, or moving across the native oxide with a contact adapted to scrub away the oxide. In general, each of these contact structures is adapted to form a low-resistance \u201cohmic contact\u201d with the bond pad. Low-resistance is a negligible resistance. An ohmic contact is one in which the voltage appearing across the contact is proportional to the current flowing for both directions of current flow. Other design considerations for a carrier include electrical performance over a wide temperature range, thermal management, power and signal distribution, and the cost and reusability of the carrier.",
154
+ "The present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing known good die. In addition, the present invention is directed to an apparatus for manufacturing known good die including carriers for testing bare die and apparatus for automatically loading and unloading bare die into the carriers.",
155
+ "Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method for manufacturing known good die.",
156
+ "It is yet another object of the present invention to provide improved apparatus for manufacturing known good die.",
157
+ "It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved method for manufacturing known good die utilizing carriers adapted to test and burn-in a bare, unpackaged die without damage to the die.",
158
+ "It is a still further object of the invention to provide a method for manufacturing known good die utilizing carriers that are reusable and easy to assemble, that provide a reliable electrical connection with contact locations on a die over a wide temperature range, and that can be easily adapted to testing of different types of dice.",
159
+ "It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for manufacturing known good die that are efficient, reliable and suitable for large scale semiconductor manufacture.",
160
+ "Other objects, advantages and capabilities of the present invention will become more apparent as the description proceeds.",
161
+ "In accordance with the present invention, a method and apparatus for manufacturing known good die are provided. The method of the invention, generally stated, includes the steps of: fabricating a semiconductor wafer containing a plurality of dice; testing the gross functionality of the dice and mapping the wafer; sawing the wafer into discrete die; assembling each discrete die in a carrier having an interconnect and a force distribution mechanism adapted to bias the die and interconnect together; testing the die using the carrier and recording the test data; disassembling the carrier to remove the tested die; and then continuing processing of the tested die for shipment.",
162
+ "The carrier is adapted to retain the die under test and provide a temporary electrical connection between the die and external test circuitry. This enables burn-in and other test procedures to be performed on the die. The carrier includes a carrier base with external connectors and an interconnect for establishing temporary electrical communication between the die and the external connectors.",
163
+ "In addition to the base and temporary interconnect, the carrier includes a force distribution mechanism for retaining and biasing the die and the interconnect together. The force distribution mechanism includes a bridge clamp, a spring clip and a pressure plate. The carrier base, interconnect and force distribution mechanism are designed for efficient assembly and disassembly of the carrier with a die.",
164
+ "The temporary interconnect is formed in a configuration which accommodates a particular die bondpad configuration (e.g., peripheral, array, edge connect, end connect, lead over chip (LOC)) and bondpad structure (e.g., flat pad, solder ball, bumped pad). Different types of interconnects are thus interchangeable to allow testing of the different types of semiconductor dice using a universal carrier. The interconnect includes raised contact members for contacting contact locations (e.g., bond pads, test pads) on the die to form an electrical connection. The contact members are shaped to accommodate flat or raised (e.g., bumped pad) contact locations on the die. Electrical communication between the contact members on the interconnect and the external connectors on the carrier base is provided by conductive traces on the interconnect. The conductive traces are electrically attached to the external connectors on the carrier using wire bonding or a mechanical connection.",
165
+ "Different contact technologies may be employed to form the interconnect. As an example, the interconnect may be formed with a rigid electrically non-conductive substrate (e.g., ceramic, silicon) and thick film contact members formed using an ultrasonic forging process. Alternately the interconnect may formed with silicon substrate and raised silicon contact members having oxide-penetrating blades. The interconnect may also be formed with microbump contact members mounted on a rigid substrate. The microbump contact members can be plated with an oxide penetrating textured metal layer.",
166
+ "During assembly of the carrier and die, the interconnect is placed in the carrier and the die is attached to the pressure plate of the force distribution mechanism using a vacuum. The die and interconnect are optically aligned using a vision system. The die is then placed into contact with the interconnect with a predetermined force so that the contact members on the interconnect form an electrical connection with the contact locations on the die. At the same time the bridge clamp of the force distribution mechanism is attached to the carrier for biasing the die and interconnect together to maintain the electrical connections. The assembled carrier is then tested using suitable burn-in test equipment. Following the test procedure, the carrier is disassembled and the tested die is removed.",
167
+ "This assembly procedure may be performed manually using an optical alignment system similar to an aligner bonder used for flip chip bonding. Alternately an apparatus for automatically assembling and disassembling the carrier can be provided. The automated assembly/disassembly apparatus includes a pick and place system for picking a die from a mapped, saw-cut wafer; a vision alignment system for aligning the die and interconnect; and a robot, responsive to the vision alignment system, that attaches the die to the force distribution mechanism and then attaches the force distribution mechanism to the carrier base. Each carrier is marked with a bar code so that a die can be tracked through the assembly and testing procedures.",
168
+ "FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a prior art semiconductor manufacturing process for manufacturing packaged die;",
169
+ "FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the method of the invention for manufacturing known good die;",
170
+ "FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a carrier suitable for manufacturing known good die in accordance with the method of the invention;",
171
+ "FIG. 3A is a cross sectional view taken along section line 3A\u20143A of FIG. 3;",
172
+ "FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an interconnect for the carrier of FIG. 3 and illustrating the wire bonding between the interconnect and carrier;",
173
+ "FIG. 4A is a cross section showing a contact member for the interconnect of FIG. 4;",
174
+ "FIG. 4B is a cross section taken along section line 4B\u20144B of FIG. 4 showing the contact member in contact with a bond pad of a semiconductor die;",
175
+ "FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of an interconnect having a raised contact member formed of silicon shown engaging a die and illustrating the self limiting raised portions of the contact member;",
176
+ "FIG. 5A is an enlarged portion of the raised silicon contact member shown in FIG. 5 and showing the oxide penetrating raised portions of the contact members;",
177
+ "FIGS. 5B-5G are plan views illustrating different layouts of raised portions for forming contact members;",
178
+ "FIGS. 6-6B are cross sectional views of alternate embodiment interconnects formed with microbump contact members;",
179
+ "FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an assembly procedure for aligning the die and interconnect;",
180
+ "FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a process flow for automatically assembling and disassembling the die and carrier; and",
181
+ "FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of an assembly/disassembly apparatus suitable for use with the method of the invention.",
182
+ "Referring now to FIG. 2, the method of the invention is illustrated in a flow diagram. During the semiconductor manufacturing process a semiconductor wafer is fabricated with a large number of dice. The wafer is formed by patterning and doping a semiconducting substrate and then depositing, patterning and etching various layers of material on the substrate to form integrated circuits. Initially, the wafer is subjected to probe testing to ascertain the gross functionality of the dice contained on the wafer. Each die is given a brief test for functionality, and the nonfunctional die are mechanically marked or mapped in software, step 64. Wafer probe includes various functional and parametric tests of each die. Test patterns, timing voltage margins, limits and test sequence are determined by individual product yields and reliability data.",
183
+ "Four testing levels (C1, C2, C3, C7) have been established for semiconductor die. Standard probe (C1) level includes the standard test for gross functionality. Speed probe (C2) level tests the speed performance of a die for the fastest speed grades. Burned-in die (C3) level includes a burn-in test. Known good die (C7) level involves testing to provide a quality and reliability equal to package products. During the wafer mapping, step 64, the dice are tested to the (C1) or (C2) level.",
184
+ "Following the wafer mapping step 64, the wafer containing the dice is mounted on a flexible carrier film, step 66. The carrier film is covered with an adhesive material for retaining and supporting the wafer for transport and sawing. The wafer is then sawed utilizing a diamond-tipped saw, step 68, which separates the dice along predetermined scribe lines. This singulates the dice formerly contained on the wafer into discrete bare dice.",
185
+ "Next, the bare dice having an acceptable gross functionality are picked up one at a time utilizing a suitable manual or automated method, step 70. With a manual method, an operator picks up the dice one at a time using a vacuum wand and places each die in a sectioned plate, boat or other holding apparatus for transfer to the next operation. With an automated method of die pick, information gained during the wafer probe is used to direct an automated wand to the mapped dice.",
186
+ "Next, each bare die to be tested is assembled into a carrier, step 72. A carrier 90 suitable for practicing the method of the invention is shown in FIGS. 3 and 3A. The carrier 90 is adapted to retain a die 92 and establish an electrical connection between the die 92 and external test circuitry. The assembly and function of the carrier 90 will be explained as the description proceeds.",
187
+ "Returning to FIG. 2, following assembly of the die 92 within the carrier 90 (FIG. 3), the die 92 is subjected to burn-in testing (C3 level), step 74. During burn-in testing, the carrier 90 and bare die 92 are placed in a burn-in oven and subjected to temperature cycling (e.g., \u221255\u00b0 C. to 150\u00b0 C.) for a time period of from several minutes to several hours or more. At the same time, the integrated circuits on the die 92 are placed under an electrical bias. The burn-in test is intended to drive contaminants into the active circuitry and detect early failures.",
188
+ "Following the burn-in test, an ambient postburn test, step 76, and a hot final test, step 78, are conducted on the bare die 92 while it is still held within the carrier 90. These tests are intended to further test and quantify electrical characteristics of the bare die 92 and to certify the die 92 as a known good die (C7 level).",
189
+ "Next, the carrier 90 (FIG. 3) is disassembled and the die 92 is removed from the carrier, step 80. As will be further explained, the carrier 90 is designed to be assembled and disassembled either manually or automatically without damaging the die 92. Following the disassembly, the tested die 92 may be placed in a tray or other holder and subjected to a visual inspection, step 82, a quality control check, step 84, and packaging for shipping (e.g., wrapping, boxing, etc.), step 86. The known good die are represented at 88.",
190
+ "Carrier",
191
+ "Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 3A, details of a carrier 90 suitable for practicing the method of the invention are shown. FIGS. 3 and 3A illustrate the carrier 90 assembled for testing a bare die. The carrier 90 includes:\n\n \n \n a carrier base 94 adapted to retain the die 92 for testing;\n an interconnect 96 adapted to establish a temporary electrical connection between the die 92 and external connectors 110 on the carrier base 94;\n a force distribution mechanism comprising a pressure plate 98, a bridge clamp 102 and a spring clip 100 for retaining the die 92 in the carrier base 94, and for biasing the interconnect 96 against the die 92; and\n a carrier tray 95 adapted to support the carrier base 94 for handling.",
192
+ "The carrier base 94 is a generally rectangular shaped, block-like structure, formed of an insulative, heat-resistant, material such as a ceramic or a high temperature molded plastic. The carrier base 94 includes a cavity 104 that is sized and shaped to retain the interconnect 96.",
193
+ "The carrier base 94 is formed with an arrangement of external connectors 110 along each longitudinal edge 116. The connectors 110 are adapted for connection to external test circuitry using a test socket (not shown) or other arrangement. The connectors 110 are arranged in the configuration of the external leads of a dual in-line package (DIP). This arrangement, however, is merely exemplary as other lead configurations such as leadless chip carrier (LCC) are also possible. As will be further explained, an electrical pathway is established between the connectors 110 and the interconnect 96 by wire bonding.",
194
+ "In the assembled carrier shown in FIGS. 3 and 3A, the carrier base 94 is removably secured to the carrier tray 95 using an adhesive. The bridge clamp 102 functions to bias the pressure plate 98 and die 92 against the interconnect 96 held within the carrier base 94. The carrier base 94 and carrier tray 95 may also include some type of aligning or interlocking arrangement (not shown) to facilitate the assembly of these components.",
195
+ "As shown in FIG. 3A, the bridge clamp 102 is a generally u-shaped structure that includes a top portion 106 and sides 107, 109. As shown in FIG. 3, the top portion 106 of the bridge clamp 102 includes various apertures including a central aperture 111, and lateral apertures 113. As will be more fully explained, the apertures 111, 113 facilitate handling during assembly and disassembly of the carrier 90.",
196
+ "The bridge clamp 102 is formed of a naturally resilient, elastically deformable material such as steel. The sides 107, 109 of the bridge clamp 102 are formed with tab members 134. The tab members 134 are adapted to be placed through slots 108 in the carrier tray 95 to abut the underside of the carrier tray 95. The spacing of the sides 107, 109 of the bridge clamp 102 and slots 108 in the carrier tray 95 is such that in the assembled carrier 90 a lateral force is generated by the sides 107, 109 for biasing the tabs 134 against the carrier tray 95. Conversely, by pressing inwardly on the sides 107, 109, the tabs 134 can be moved towards one another for disengaging the bridge clamp 102 from the carrier tray 95. Another set of tabs 135 formed on the sides 107, 109 of the bridge clamp 102 limit the downward axial movement of the bridge clamp 102.",
197
+ "The top portion 106 of the bridge clamp 102 also includes four downwardly extending tabs 115 for retaining the spring clip 100 or for attaching the spring clip 100 by welding or other suitable process. The spring clip 100 is formed of a material such as spring steel. In the assembled carrier 90, the bridge clamp 102, spring clip 100 and pressure plate 98 function as a force distribution mechanism for exerting and evenly distributing a biasing force against the die 92 and interconnect 96. Furthermore, the size, shape and mounting of the bridge clamp 102 and spring clip 100 are selected to achieve a biasing force of a desired magnitude. The spring clip 100 includes a central aperture (not shown). As will be more fully explained, the central aperture permits an assembly wand (144FIG. 7) to be placed through the spring clip 100 for assembling the carrier 90.",
198
+ "The pressure plate 98 is a generally rectangular shaped plate formed of a material such as metal. The outer perimeter of the pressure plate is slightly larger than that of the die 92 and interconnect 96. As shown in FIG. 3A, the pressure plate 98 includes an opening 99. As will be further explained, during assembly of the carrier 90, the opening 99 is used as a conduit for a vacuum to facilitate assembly of the carrier 90. Briefly, during the assembly procedure, the die 92 is attached to the pressure plate 98, and the die 92 and interconnect 96 are aligned using optical alignment techniques. The pressure plate and die 92 are then lowered to place the die 92 into contact with the interconnect 96. At the same time the bridge clamp 102 is secured to the carrier tray 95 for securing the assembly and biasing the die 92 and interconnect 96.",
199
+ "In the assembled carrier 90, the carrier base 94 attaches to the carrier tray 95 substantially as shown in FIG. 3A. The carrier tray 95 is a flat metal plate. The carrier tray includes a pair of through openings 117. The placement of the openings 117, along with the thickness and shape of the carrier tray 95, is adapted to facilitate handling by automated equipment such as magazine loaders, indexing apparatus and robotic arms.",
200
+ "Interconnect",
201
+ "The interconnect 96 is fabricated in a configuration to accommodate a particular die bond pad configuration. Different configurations of interconnects are interchangeable within the carrier 90. This permits the different types of dice (e.g., edge connect, end connect, array, peripheral, lead over chip) to be tested using a \u201cuniversal carrier\u201d. A carrier thus need not be dedicated to a particular die configuration.",
202
+ "Three different contact technologies for establishing a temporary electrical connection between the interconnect 96 and contact locations on the semiconductor die 92 are shown in FIGS. 4-6. In a first embodiment of the interconnect, shown in FIGS. 4-4B, the interconnect 96 includes a rigid electrically non-conductive substrate 119 with thick film contact members 118 formed by an ultrasonic forging process. In a second embodiment of the interconnect, shown in FIGS. 5-5G, the interconnect 96A includes silicon substrate 119A having raised contact members 118A formed with a self limiting feature. In a third embodiment of the interconnect, shown in FIG. 6, the interconnect 96B includes a rigid substrate 119B with thin film microbump contact members 118B attached thereto.",
203
+ "An electrical pathway is established between the interconnect 96, 96A or 96B and the external leads 110 on the carrier base 94 by wire bonding. In place of wire bonding, other electrical pathways, such as mechanical connectors, may be employed.",
204
+ "FIG. 4 shows the interconnect 96 mounted within the carrier base 94 and with the die 92 superimposed. The interconnect 96 is rectangular in shape and is slightly larger than a rectangular shaped bare die 92. The interconnect 96 includes the rigid substrate 119 and contact members 118 for contacting the bond pads 120 (or other contact locations) on the die 92. The rigid substrate is preferably formed of a material such as ceramic or silicon having a coefficient of thermal expansion which is similar to that of a silicon die 90. The interconnect 96 also includes conductive traces 122 formed on the substrate 119 in electrical communication with the contact members 118. The conductive traces 122 include (or are connected to) bonding sites 114 for wire bonding the conductive traces 122 to bonding sites 121 on the carrier base 94. The bonding sites 121 on the carrier base 94 are in electrical communication with the external leads 110 of the carrier base 94.",
205
+ "The contact members 118 on the interconnect 96, are spaced in a pattern that corresponds to the size and placement of the bond pads 120 (FIG. 5) on the bare die 92. The interconnect 96 shown in FIG. 4 is for a die 92 formed with bond pads 120 along each end (i.e., end connect). However, as previously stated, other interconnect configurations may be provided for other die bond pad configurations.",
206
+ "As shown in FIG. 4A, each contact member 118 is formed with a conical base 123 in contact with the conductive trace 122 and a tip 125 adapted to penetrate into the bond pad 120. FIG. 413 illustrates the die 92 and interconnect 96 in contact in the assembled carrier 90. As shown in FIG. 4B, the bond pad 120 is embedded in a protective layer 128 formed on the die 92. In addition a thin oxide coating (not shown) is formed on the bond pad 120. The contact member 118 must pierce this oxide coating to establish an electrical connection or ohmic contact with the bond pad 120.",
207
+ "The contact members 118 are thick film contacts. One suitable process for forming thick filmed contacts is ultrasonic forging. U.S. Pat. No. 5,249,450, entitled Probehead For Ultrasonic Forging, incorporated herein by reference, describes an ultrasonic forging process with a specially shaped forge head suitable for forming the contact members 118.",
208
+ "The contact members 118 are formed on the substrate in electrical communication with the conductive traces 122. The conductive traces 122 may be formed utilizing a metallization process in which a metal is blanket deposited, photopatterned and etched. The conductive traces 122 may be formed of a conductive metal such as aluminum, copper, or a refractory metal or of a conductive material such as polysilicon. Each conductive trace 122 includes (or is attached to) a bonding site 114 for wire bonding to a corresponding bonding site 121 (FIG. 4) on the carrier base 94. A suitable pad metallurgy may be utilized for forming the bonding sites 114 and 121.",
209
+ "The bonding sites 121 on the carrier base 94 are attached to circuit traces (not shown) in electrical communication with the external connectors 110 of the carrier base 94. Thin bond wires 112 are wire bonded to the bonding sites 114 on the interconnect 96 and to the bonding sites 121 on the carrier base 94 using techniques that are known in the art. The carrier base 94 is formed with a stepped bond shelf 124 that facilitates the wire bonding process.",
210
+ "Referring now to FIGS. 5-5G, the interconnect 96A having a silicon substrate 119A and raised contact members 118A is shown. The raised contact members 118A are formed with a self limiting feature that limits a penetration depth of the contact members 118A into the bond pads 120 on the bare die 92.",
211
+ "As shown in FIGS. 5 and 5A, each contact member 118A is formed as a raised mesa or pillar that projects vertically upward from a surface of the silicon substrate 119A. In addition, each contact member 118A includes one or more raised projections 138 which extend from a top surface 126 of the contact member 118. As shown in FIG. 5A, the raised projections 138 can be formed as knife edges. The raised projections 138 are adapted to penetrate into the bond pads 120 of the bare die 92. At the same time the top surface 126 of the contact member 118A limits a penetration depth of the raised projections 138 into the bond pad 120. The height of the raised projections 138 is selected to be less than the depth \u201cA\u201d of a bond pad 120 (e.g., height=\u2155 to \u2158 of A). This arrangement permits an oxide layer of the bond pad 120 to be pierced and an electrical connection to be established while at the same time the damage to the bond pad 120 is limited.",
212
+ "One suitable process for forming the contact members 118A as pillars having raised projections is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,326,428 entitled Method For Testing Semiconductor Circuitry For Operability And Method Of Forming Apparatus For Testing Semiconductor Circuitry For Operability, which is incorporated herein by reference.",
213
+ "The contact members 118A of the interconnect 96A include conductive tips 130. Each conductive tip 130 is connected to a conductive trace 122A formed on the silicon substrate 119A. The conductive traces 122A include a bonding site 114A for wire bonding thin bond wires 112 substantially as previously described.",
214
+ "FIGS. 5B-5G illustrate various layouts for the raised projections 138 of the contact members 118A. Layout 5B is a symmetrical pattern in which the raised projections 138 are formed with decreasing lengths as a center of the contact member 118A is approached. Layout 5C includes raised projections 138 in a parallel spaced array with one pair of orthogonally oriented projections 138. Layout 5D is an array of parallel spaced projections 138. Layout 5E is a t-shaped array of projections 138. Layout 5F is an arrangement of projections 138 formed as concentric squares. Layout 5G is an array of equally angularly disposed projections 138.",
215
+ "Although the raised projections 138 are illustrated on raised contact members 118A, the projections 138 can also be formed directly on the silicon substrate 119A. In that case, the conductive traces 122A would attach directly to the projections 138. A top surface of the silicon substrate 119A would provide a stop plane for limiting a penetration depth of the projections 138.",
216
+ "Referring now to FIG. 6, a third embodiment of the interconnect is shown. In the third embodiment, the interconnect 96B includes a rigid substrate 119B having microbump contact members 118B. Microbump contact technology, which is used for Tape Automated Bonding (TAB), employs a nonconductive and electrically insulating tape (e.g., polyimide) having a metallic foil (e.g., Cu) attached thereto. The foil is patterned and etched to form conductive traces. Holes are etched through the tape in contact with the conductive traces. Metal bumps (e.g., Ni, Au, Solder, Cu) are formed in the holes in contact with the conductive traces. U.S. Pat. No. 4,899,207 discloses a method of tape automated bonding using thin film microbump contacts. Microbump contacts are commercially available from Nitto Denko America, Inc. and are sold under the tradename ASMAT\u2122. Microbump contacts are also commercially available from Packard-Hughes Interconnect, Irvine, Calif. and are sold under the trademark Gold Dot\u2122.",
217
+ "For forming the interconnect 96B, a microbump assembly 140 is attached to a rigid substrate 119B. An adhesive 141 may be used to secure the microbump assembly 140 to the rigid substrate 119B. The rigid substrate 119B may be formed of a material such as silicon, silicon-on-sapphire, silicon-on-glass, germanium, metal or a ceramic. The microbump assembly 140 includes microbump contact members 118B formed on etched polyimide tape 142. The contact members 118B are formed with a hemispherical or convex shape and are adapted to contact and establish electrical communication with bond pads on the die 92. The contact members 118B are in electrical communication with conductive traces 122B attached to the polyimide tape 142. The conductive traces 122B include (or are attached to) bonding sites (not shown) for wire bonding the interconnect 96B to the carrier base 94 substantially as previously described.",
218
+ "With reference to FIG. 6A, a microbump contact member 118C can include a rough textured metal layer 143 to facilitate penetration of the oxide coating on the bondpad 120. The textured metal layer 143 is formed using an electrolytic deposition process in which process parameters are controlled to form a rough plating. The rough textured metal layer can also be formed by etching a smooth microbump. For a microbump contact member 118C having a diameter of about 30\u03bc the asperities of the textured metal layer 143 will include oxide penetrating asperities on the order of about 5000 \u212b or less. For a microbump contact member 118C formed of a material such as nickel, the plated material will be one such as molybdenum, tungsten, platinum, iridium or gold, which has a more positive electromotive potential than nickel. In certain applications the microbump contact member 118C can be nickel.",
219
+ "Besides the convex shaped microbump contact members 118C shown in FIG. 6A, microbump contact members can be formed in other shapes. FIG. 6B illustrates a microbump contact member 118D formed in a conical shape with a flat tip and having a rough metal layer 143D. Microbump contact members can also be formed to accommodate raised or bumped bond pads on a die. In that case, the contact members include an indentation for mating engagement with the raised or bumped bond pad.",
220
+ "Carrier Assembly/Disassembly",
221
+ "In use of the carrier 90, the interconnect 96 which is custom formed for the type of bare die 92 being tested, is wire bonded as shown in FIG. 4 to the carrier base 94. Wire bonding the interconnect 96 and carrier base 94 provides a semi-permanent electrical connection between these two components. Both the carrier base 94 and interconnect 96 can be reused in this configuration many times. At the same time, however, the bond wires 112 (FIG. 4) can be severed for replacing the interconnect 96 with a different interconnect for another type of die.",
222
+ "For assembling the carrier 90 with a bare die 92, the die 92 must be aligned and placed into contact with the interconnect 96 and the bridge clamp 102 secured to the carrier base 95. A technique for assembling the interconnect 96 with the die 92 is shown in FIG. 7. An assembly wand 144 connected to a vacuum source is used during the assembly procedure. Initially the die 92 is attached to the pressure plate 98 using a vacuum directed through the opening 99 in the pressure plate 98. The assembly wand 144 holds the pressure plate 98 and die 92 together and also holds the bridge clamp 102 so that it may be secured to the carrier base 94.",
223
+ "During the assembly procedure, the bond pads 120 (FIG. 4B) on the die 92 must be aligned with the contact members 118 on the interconnect 96. This can be accomplished using alignment techniques developed for flip chip bonding processes. Flip chip bonding refers to a process wherein a semiconductor die is placed face down on a substrate such as a printed circuit board and the bond pads on the die are bonded to connection points on the substrate. Tools for flip chip bonding are sometimes referred to as aligner bonders. An aligner bonder and method of optical alignment for flip chip bonding is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,899,921 to Bendat et al, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such an aligner bonder tool is available from Research Devices of Piscataway, N.J.",
224
+ "In the present case an aligner bonder may be modified to provide a manual assembly apparatus 146 (FIG. 7) for use in assembling the carrier 90. The assembly wand 144 is a component of the manual assembly apparatus 146. The assembly wand 144 is associated with a clamp retainer mechanism 145 that is adapted to hold the bridge clamp 102 during the assembly process. The assembly wand 144 and retainer mechanism 145 are movable along the z-axis in either direction. The assembly apparatus 146 includes an optical probe 148 movable from one location to another to explore aligned portions of the die 92 and interconnect 96. In addition, the assembly apparatus 146 includes optics 154 and video cameras 150, 152 for providing video images of the opposing surfaces. These images are displayed on a display monitor 156.",
225
+ "The assembly apparatus 146 also includes an adjustable support 147 for supporting the carrier base 94. The adjustable support 147 is movable along x, y and z axes, in a rotational direction \u0398 (theta) and in angles of inclination \u03c6 and \u03a8. By moving the adjustable support 147 as required, the bond pads 120 on the die 92 can be aligned with the contact members 118 on the interconnect 96. In addition, by using reference marks, adjustment of angles of inclination \u03c6 and \u03a8 of the adjustable support 147 can be used to achieve parallelism of the surfaces of the die 92 and interconnect 96.",
226
+ "Following alignment of the die 92 and interconnect 96, the adjustable support 147 is adapted to move the carrier base 94 in the z axis towards the die 92 and pressure plate 98 to place the contact members 118 of the interconnect 96 into contact with the bond pads 120 of the die 92. The assembly wand 144 is also adapted to exert a contact force of a predetermined magnitude on the pressure plate 98 and die 92 so that the contact members 118 on the interconnect 96 penetrate the bond pads 120 on the die 92 to form an electrical connection that is low resistance and ohmic.",
227
+ "At the same time the die 92 is placed into contact with the interconnect 96, the bridge clamp 102 is attached to the carrier tray 95 and released by the clamp retainer mechanism 145. This secures the carrier base 94 to the carrier tray 95. In addition, this causes the spring clip 100 on the bridge clamp 102 to bias the die 92 and interconnect 96 together. The construction of the bridge clamp 102, spring clip 100 and pressure plate 98 is adapted to evenly distribute this biasing force over the die 92.",
228
+ "A certain biasing force is achieved by properly sizing the clamp 102 and spring clip 100. In addition, as previously stated, the assembly apparatus 146 is adapted to exert a predetermined initial force for establishing the electrical connection between the contact members 118 and bond pads 120. For the interconnect 96A formed with self limiting contact member 118A, the initial force and biasing force are selected such that only the raised projections 138 of the contact members 118A penetrate into the bond pad 120. This helps to minimize damage to the bond pad 120.",
229
+ "With the carrier 90 assembled, the carrier can be transported to a location suitable for testing (e.g., burn-in oven). External test circuitry (not shown) can then be attached to the external connectors 110 on the carrier base 94 to conduct signals through the bond wires 112, through the conductive traces 122 on the interconnect 96, through the contact members 118 on the interconnect 96, through the bond pads 120 on the die 92 and to the integrated circuitry of the die 120. One way of establishing an external connection between test circuitry and the external connectors 110 may be with a test socket (not shown).",
230
+ "Following testing, the carrier 90 is disassembled for removing the tested die 92. Disassembly is accomplished by disengaging the bridge clamp 102 from the carrier tray 95. At the same time a vacuum can be applied to the die 92 and pressure plate 98, substantially as previously described, to disengage the die 92 from the interconnect 94. As with the assembly process, the assembly wand 144 and clamp retainer mechanism 145 may be used to facilitate disassembly of the carrier 90.",
231
+ "Referring now to FIGS. 8 and 9, an automated assembly/disassembly apparatus 158 is shown. The automated assembly/disassembly apparatus 158 is adapted to pick a singulated die 92 from a sawed wafer and assemble the die 92 with a carrier 90 for testing. Following testing the apparatus 158 is adapted to disassemble the carrier 90 and sort the tested die 92. The assembly/disassembly apparatus 158 is constructed in modules including: a film frame wafer cassette handler module 160; a die pick and precise module 162; a die assembly/disassembly module 164; a pressure plate pick and precise module 187; an input index and elevator module 166; a die sort module 170; and an output index and elevator module 172.",
232
+ "The film frame wafer cassette handler module 160 is adapted to automatically load and handle sawed wafers that are mounted on an adhesive film. Prior to wafer sawing, during the wafer mapping process (step 66 FIG. 2), the dice have been tested at the wafer level for gross functionality. The dice that have an acceptable gross functionality are identified and the test results retained in software. The wafer cassette handler module 160 includes a magazine 168 for retaining multiple sawed wafers 174 and an associated expansion table 176 wherein a single wafer is held for die pick.",
233
+ "The die pick and precise module 162 is adapted to pick the dice one at a time from the sawed wafer. The die pick and precise module 162 includes an inverter arm 178 for inverting the die 90 so that it can be mounted face down on the interconnect 96. The inverter arm 178 uses a vacuum to aid in handling the die.",
234
+ "The die assembly/disassembly module 164 is adapted to take the inverted die and assemble the carrier 90 and die 92. The assembly/disassembly module 164 includes a robot 180 having a vision system and an assembly mechanism which are adapted to automatically perform the alignment and assembly functions shown in FIG. 7.",
235
+ "A carrier tray handler 182 is included in the assembly/disassembly module 164 for automatically moving and indexing the carrier bases 94 and carrier trays 95 during the assembly process. The carrier tray handler 182 is also operatively associated with the output index and elevator module 172 which handles the assembled carriers 90. The assembly/disassembly module 164 also includes a bridge clamp tray 184 for retaining a supply of bridge clamps 102 (FIG. 3A) and a pressure plate carousel 186 for retaining a supply of pressure plates 98 (FIG. 3A) for the assembly process.",
236
+ "An assembly sequence using the automated assembly/disassembly apparatus 158 is as follows:\n\n \n \n 1. A die 92 is picked from the expansion table 176 as determined by wafer map or other selection system such as ink dot recognition.\n 2. The inverter arm 178 picks up the die 92, then inverts the die 92 and places it in a die holder.\n 3. The robot 180 picks a bridge clamp 102 from the bridge clamp tray 184.\n 4. The robot 180 picks a pressure plate 98 from a precisor block contained in the pressure plate pick and precise module 187.\n 5. The vision system verifies the rough die location.\n 6. The robot 180 picks up the die 92 from the die holder.\n 7. The robot 180 moves to a vision location to ascertain the fine die location.\n 8. A carrier tray 95 marked with a bar code and assembled with a carrier base 94 and interconnect 96 is indexed into position for assembly by the carrier tray handler 182.\n 9. The robot 180 moves a height sensor over the carrier base 94 and determines the elevation of the interconnect 96.\n 10. The vision system determines the rough interconnect 96 location.\n 11. The vision system determines the fine interconnect 96 location.\n 12. The robot 180 corrects the die orientation in x-y-theta directions then moves downward along the z-axis, causing the die 92 to contact the interconnect 96. At the same time the robot 180 applies a measured force to the die for establishing an electrical connection between the contact members 118 and bond pads 120. Also at the same time, the robot 180 places the bridge clamp 102 into engagement with the carrier tray 95 completing the carrier assembly. The bridge clamp 102 and spring clip 100 then maintain and evenly distribute a preset biasing force on the die 92 and interconnect 96.\n 13. The assembled carrier 90 is transported to a testing location for performing burn-in testing on the die 92. The assembled carrier 90 is marked with a bar code so that each die can be tracked and information on the tested die recorded.",
237
+ "Following the test procedure the assembly/disassembly apparatus 158 is adapted to disassemble the carrier 90 and tested die 92. For the disassembly procedure the apparatus 158 includes an input index and elevator module 166 for loading the tested assembled carriers onto the carrier tray handler 182 and a die sort module 170 for sorting the tested dice into trays.",
238
+ "During the disassembly procedure the following process sequence occurs.\n\n \n \n 1. The assembled carrier 90 is indexed and held in position on the carrier tray handler 182. The robot 180 determines the location of the assembled carrier 90 using the vision system. The robot 180 moves down and applies a constraining force to the bridge clamp 102 and disengages the bridge clamp 102 from the retainer slots 108 on the carrier tray 95. Simultaneously, the robot 180 applies a vacuum force to the pressure plate 98 and die 92. The robot 180 is then moved upward, disengaging the die 92 from the interconnect 96.\n 2. The robot 180 then places the die 92 on an inverting station arm for inverting.\n 3. The die 92 is inverted and placed on a precisor block and precised.\n 4. The robot 180 then picks up the die 92 with an auxiliary quill and places the die 92 into an output pack. The output pack may be a tray, waffle pack, Gel-Pac, or tape and reel carrier.\n 5. The pressure plate 98 is placed on the pressure plate assembly, precised and then placed back in the pressure plate carousel 186.\n 6. The bridge clamp 102 is then placed back in the bridge clamp tray handler 184.",
239
+ "In addition to performing the functions outlined above, the assembly/disassembly apparatus 158 may include computer hardware and software capable of monitoring, controlling and collecting process data including contact force versus time, machine vision parameters and electrical continuity between die 92 and interconnect 96. This data collection capability in addition to allowing process monitoring, permits real-time traceability of devices. This permits faster internal process feedback specific to device performance to be generated without introducing final packaging process variations.",
240
+ "Thus the invention provides a method and apparatus for producing known good die (KGD). While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, certain changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims."
241
+ ],
242
+ "citations": [
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+ "3583561",
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+ "3702025",
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+ "3702923",
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+ "HEI 3-69131"
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+ ],
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+ {
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ }