In 1998, human embryonic stem cells were first identified, and just nine years later, a group of scientists in Japan were able to take skin cells and reprogram them with very powerful viruses to create a kind of pluripotent stem cell called an induced pluripotent stem cell, or what we refer to as an IPS cell.
En 1998, se identificaron por primera vez las células madre embrionarias humanas y, nueve años más tarde, un grupo de científicos en Japón era capaz de obtener células de la piel y reprogramarlas con poderosos virus para crear un tipo de célula madre pluripotente llamada célula madre pluripotente inducida, la llamada célula IPS.