Many scholars (including Makdisi) have argued that early medieval universities were influenced by the religious madrasahs in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades). Other scholars see this argument as overstated. Lowe and Yasuhara have recently drawn on the well-documented influences of scholarship from the Islamic world on the universities of Western Europe to call for a reconsideration of the development of higher education, turning away from a concern with local institutional structures to a broader consideration within a global context.
ఏ మధ్యప్రాచ్య సంఘర్షణ సమయంలో విశ్వవిద్యాలయాలు మదర్సాల నుండి ప్రభావాన్ని పొందాయని కొందరు నమ్ముతారు?
the Crusades