A framework was developed in 1967 by Heinz Kloss, abstand and ausbau languages, to describe speech communities, that while unified politically and/or culturally, include multiple dialects which though closely related genetically may be divergent to the point of inter-dialect unintelligibility.
অ্যাবস্ট্যান্ড এবং অউসবাউ ভাষার কাঠামো কে তৈরি করেছে?
Heinz Kloss