1929年，陳濟棠開始主政廣東。第年夏天，桂軍進犯，於粵東同粵軍交戰，廣州一度告急。1931年5月，孫科、陳濟棠、唐紹儀等喺廣州通電反蔣，成立廣州國民政府。12月寧粵和談，蔣介石下野，廣州國民政府撤銷。1929年至1936年陳濟棠主政廣州時期，廣州經濟、文化、交通同城市建設顯著發展，期間落成海珠橋、中山紀念堂、中山大學五山新校舍、愛羣大廈等著名建築。1930年，廣州改過做特別市，同年改省轄市。1936年，陳濟棠同李宗仁、白崇禧等通電全國抗日討蔣，發動兩廣事變，廣州金融動盪。7月反蔣事敗，中央軍進駐廣東，陳濟棠走去香港。粵漢鐵路亦係喺同年修通。
In 1929, Chen Jitang began to govern Guangdong. In the summer of the following year, the Gui army invaded and engaged the Cantonese army in eastern Guangdong, and Guangzhou was in an emergency. In May 1931, Sun Ke, Chen Jitang, Tang Shaoyi and others telegraphed in Guangzhou to oppose Chiang and establish the Guangzhou Nationalist Government. In December, the Ningyue peace talks, Chiang Kai-shek went into the wilderness, and the Guangzhou Nationalist Government was revoked. From 1929 to 1936, when Chen Jitang was in charge of Guangzhou, Guangzhou's economy, culture, transportation and urban construction developed significantly, during which famous buildings such as Haizhu Bridge, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Sun Yat-sen University Wushan New Campus, and Oi Kwan Building were completed. In 1930, Guangzhou was changed to a special city, and in the same year, it was changed to a provincial municipality. In 1936, Chen Jitang, Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi and others telegraphed the whole country to resist Japan and fight against Chiang, launching the Liangguang Incident, and Guangzhou's financial turmoil. In July, the anti-Chiang affair was defeated, the Central Army was stationed in Guangdong, and Chen Jitang ran to Hong Kong. The Guangdong-Hanzhou Railway was built in the same year.