歷史學，簡稱史學，係研究人類社會一切問題在內嘅科學。歷史學唔係信條、教義、文學。歷史科學嘅目的就係盡可能噉接近真實情況。西周就有作冊、史某嘅講法，史喺西周就係記錄人員，喺中國古代記錄歷史有皇家同民間之分，西周金文係皇家史學嘅典範，春秋、史記就係民間史學嘅代表作，歷史學係中國古代皇家教育嘅重要內容。歐洲嘅歷史學始祖係修昔底德、希羅多德、天主教會史學。歐洲喺啟蒙時代之後，強調理性思考，例如伏爾泰路易十四時代。普魯士蘭克就從語言、民俗調查同使用政府檔案書寫歷史，蘭克就廣泛閱讀普魯士、意大利嘅官方檔案和塞爾維亞民族語言，呢啲資料都係當時所重視。二十世紀歷史學嘅研究內容同研究主題擴展為社會經濟問題，如年鑑學派、公共史學、口述歷史。
History, abbreviated as historiography, is the study of all issues in human society. Historiography is not creed, doctrine, literature. The aim of historical science is to get as close as possible to the real situation. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a record of history, and the history was recorded in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the history of ancient China was divided into royal and folk, and the Western Zhou Dynasty Jinwen was a model of royal historiography, and the Spring and Autumn Period and the Historical Records were the representative works of folk historiography, and history was an important part of ancient Chinese royal education. The ancestors of European historiography were Thucydides, Herodotus, and the historiography of the Catholic Church. Europe, after the Age of Enlightenment, emphasized rational thinking, such as in the time of Voltaire-Louis XIV. Prussian Ranke wrote history from linguistic, folklore surveys and the use of government archives, and Ranke read extensively the official archives of Prussia and Italy and the national language of Serbia, all of which were valued at the time. The research content and research topics of twentieth-century history have been expanded to include socio-economic issues, such as the Annals School, Public History, and Oral History.