質料因（Matter - material cause）：即係構成事物嘅材料、元素或者基礎嘅質料，例如磚頭同瓦片就係房子嘅質料因； 形式因（Form - formal cause）：即係決定事物“係用咩”本質嘅屬性，或者講決定呢樣嘢“係噉嘅樣貌”，例如建築師心目中間屋嘅樣，就係呢間屋嘅形式因； 動力因（Agent - moving cause或efficient cause）：即係構成事物嘅動力。例如，建築師就係起屋嘅動力因； 目的因（End或purpose - final cause）：即係事物所追求嘅目的，例如“為咗安置人同埋財產”就是一間屋嘅目的因。
Matter - material cause: It is the material, element or foundation material that makes up things, for example, bricks and tiles are the material causes of the house, Form - formal cause: it is the attribute that determines the essence of the thing, or it is the "way it looks", for example, the appearance of the house in the architect's mind is the formal cause of the house, and the agent - moving cause or efficient cause is the power that composes things. For example, the architect is the motivation to build a house, and the end or purpose-final cause is the purpose that the thing pursues, for example, "for the placement of people and property" is the purpose of a house.