  Understanding the ultrafast carrier dynamics of graphene on a substrate is a fundamental step in the development of graphene based opto-electronic devices. Here, we present ultrafast pump-probe measurements of supported graphene on quartz for a range of pump fluences that enable us to observe both decreased and enhanced probe transmission regimes on a femtosecond timescale. Unexpectedly, at an intermediate pump fluence, an order of magnitude decrease in the relaxation time constant of the differential transmission is observed. By employing a number of different models to interpret our experimental data, we demonstrate the importance of considering both intra- and inter-band contributions to the dynamical optical conductivity in order to extract a more physical relaxation time constant of hot optical phonons. 
On the interpretation of manifold ultrafast dynamics in supported   graphene