{"idx": 26, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "French and British Ties and Occupation: The daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella married the son and heir of the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian of Hapsburg. The Spanish crown duly passed to the Hapsburgs, and Spain remained in their hands until the feeble-minded Carlos II died in 1700, leaving no heir. France seized the chance to install the young grandson of Louis XIV on the Spanish throne. A rival Hapsburg claimant was supported by Austria and Britain, who saw a powerful Spanish-French alliance as a major threat. In the subsequent War of the Spanish Succession (1702\u2002\u20131713) most of the old kingdom of Arag\u00f3n, including the Balearics, backed the Hapsburgs. Britain seized Gibraltar\u2002\u2014\u2002in the name of the Hapsburg claimant\u2002\u2014\u2002and retained it when the war was over. In 1708 Britain captured Menorca, and the magnificent harbor of Mah\u00f3n (Ma\u00f3), for the Royal Navy. England clung to it even when Bourbon forces captured Mallorca at the end of the war. Menorca changed hands between Britain, France, and Spain five more times in less than a century. Britain finally ceded the island to Spain in the year 1802, under the terms of the Treaty of Amiens. By 1805, Spain was once more aligned with France, and Spanish ships fought alongside the French against Nelson at Trafalgar. Napoleon came to distrust his Spanish ally and forcibly replaced the king of Spain with his own brother, Joseph Bonaparte. A French army marched in to subdue the country. The Spanish resisted and, aided by British troops commanded by the Duke of Wellington, drove the French out. What British historians call the Peninsular War (1808\u20131814) is known in Spain as the War of Independence. In the 19th century, practically all of Spain\u2019s possessions in the Americas broke away in the wake of the Napoleonic Wars, and the few that remained were lost at the end of the 19th century. The Balearics, further neglected, were beset with poverty and outbreaks of disease. However, toward the 20th century, things began to improve on the islands, with Mallorca reaping the rewards of successful agricultural crops and Menorca launching an export shoe industry. ", "questions": [{"question": "What island did Britain finally cede to Spain in the year 1802?", "answers": [{"text": "France", "idx": 1637, "label": 0}, {"text": "Spain", "idx": 1638, "label": 0}, {"text": "Mallorca", "idx": 1639, "label": 1}, {"text": "Trafalgar", "idx": 1640, "label": 0}, {"text": "Gibraltar", "idx": 1641, "label": 0}, {"text": "Amiens", "idx": 1642, "label": 0}, {"text": "kingdom of Arag\u00f3n", "idx": 1643, "label": 0}], "idx": 303}]}}
{"idx": 352, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "863.  INGREDIENTS.--The remains of a boiled calf's head, 1-1/2 pint of the liquor in which the head was boiled, 1 blade of pounded mace, 1 onion minced, a bunch of savoury herbs, salt and white pepper to taste, thickening of butter and flour, the yolks of 2 eggs, 1 tablespoonful of lemon-juice, forcemeat balls.  _Mode_.--Remove all the bones from the head, and cut the meat into nice square pieces.  Put 1-1/2 pint of the liquor it was boiled in into a saucepan, with mace, onion, herbs, and seasoning in the above proportion; let this simmer gently for 3/4 hour, then strain it and put in the meat.  When quite hot through, thicken the gravy with a little butter rolled in flour, and, just before dishing the fricassee, put in the beaten yolks of eggs and lemon-juice; but be particular, after these two latter ingredients are added, that the sauce does not boil, or it will curdle.  Garnish with forcemeat balls and curled slices of broiled bacon.  To insure the sauce being smooth, it is a good plan to dish the meat first, and then to add the eggs to the gravy: when these are set, the sauce may be poured over the meat. ", "questions": [{"question": "Is the simmering in Sentence 4 done before or after the calf's head is boiled?", "answers": [{"text": "After", "idx": 21469, "label": 1}, {"text": "Before", "idx": 21470, "label": 0}, {"text": "Before the calf's head has been boiled", "idx": 21471, "label": 0}, {"text": "After the calf's head has been boiled", "idx": 21472, "label": 1}, {"text": "During the boiling", "idx": 21473, "label": 0}], "idx": 4049}]}}
{"idx": 234, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Clarifying the Record The defense of U.S. airspace on 9/11 was not conducted in accord with preexisting training and protocols. It was improvised by civilians who had never handled a hijacked aircraft that attempted to disappear, and by a military unprepared for the transformation of commercial aircraft into weapons of mass destruction. As it turned out, the NEADS air defenders had nine minutes' notice on the first hijacked plane, no advance notice on the second, no advance notice on the third, and no advance notice on the fourth. We do not believe that the true picture of that morning reflects discredit on the operational personnel at NEADS or FAA facilities. NEADS commanders and officers actively sought out information, and made the best judgments they could on the basis of what they knew. Individual FAA controllers, facility managers, and Command Center managers thought outside the box in recommending a nationwide alert, in ground-stopping local traffic, and, ultimately, in deciding to land all aircraft and executing that unprecedented order flawlessly. More than the actual events, inaccurate government accounts of those events made it appear that the military was notified in time to respond to two of the hijackings, raising questions about the adequacy of the response. Those accounts had the effect of deflecting questions about the military's capacity to obtain timely and accurate information from its own sources. In addition, they overstated the FAA's ability to provide the military with timely and useful information that morning. In public testimony before this Commission in May 2003, NORAD officials stated that at 9:16, NEADS received hijack notification of United 93 from the FAA. This statement was incorrect. There was no hijack to report at 9:16. United 93 was proceeding normally at that time. In this same public testimony, NORAD officials stated that at 9:24, NEADS received notification of the hijacking of American 77. This statement was also incorrect. The notice NEADS received at 9:24 was that American 11 had not hit the World Trade Center and was heading for Washington, D.C. In their testimony and in other public accounts, NORAD officials also stated that the Langley fighters were scrambled to respond to the notifications about American 77,178 United 93, or both. These statements were incorrect as well. The fighters were scrambled because of the report that American 11 was heading south, as is clear not just from taped conversations at NEADS but also from taped conversations at FAA centers; contemporaneous logs compiled at NEADS, Continental Region headquarters, and NORAD; and other records. ", "questions": [{"question": "What was overstated in regards to the perceived inadequacy in military response to 9/11", "answers": [{"text": "FAA", "idx": 13761, "label": 0}, {"text": "Hijacking protocol", "idx": 13762, "label": 0}, {"text": "Aircraft speed", "idx": 13763, "label": 0}, {"text": "The FAA's ability to provide the military with timely and useful information", "idx": 13764, "label": 1}, {"text": "Destruction", "idx": 13765, "label": 0}, {"text": "NEADS", "idx": 13766, "label": 0}, {"text": "Transformation of commercial aircraft into weapons of mass destruction", "idx": 13767, "label": 1}, {"text": "The FAA's ability to notify the military in a timely and useful manner was overstated", "idx": 13768, "label": 1}, {"text": "FAA communication", "idx": 13769, "label": 1}], "idx": 2614}]}}
{"idx": 198, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "LONDON, England (CNN) -- The most eagerly anticipated animated film this year hits big screens this weekend, as \"The Simpsons Movie\" opens worldwide. The Screening Room spoke to creator Matt Groening and writer Al Jean in London about everyone's favorite two-dimensional yellow family. Simpsons supremo Matt Groening with his creations at the film's premiere in Springfield, Vermont Matt Groening told the Screening Room that fans had driven the demand for the movie. \"We've had fans clamoring for a movie for the past 18 years,\" he said. The film has taken four years to come to fruition, as writer Al Jean explained. \"What really held us up for a long time was to have enough people to do the show and the movie,\" he said. \"We talked for a while about doing the movie after the show is done, but the show is never done! So it really started in earnest in 2003, when we started working on this story that became the movie.\" Technology has also played its part. Jean continued, \"The technology to do this film really wasn't even around five years ago. For example, there was this joke I once pitched and David Silverman, the director, started drawing and as I was pitching it, it went into the film and it was cut a day later. To go from pitch to cut in two days is pretty impressive.\" Its creators hope that \"The Simpsons Movie\" will both satisfy long-term fans and bring Homer and Marge's family to a new audience. Groening told the Screening Room, \"This movie is designed to both honor the people who have loved the show all this time, so there's lots of little details for them in the movie, little characters and stuff who they know and love, but we also want people who don't know the family to not be completely confused. It is a complete movie experience, but again, we have a lot of little details that only the really, true die-hard fans are going to get.\" And fans can expect to be entertained by plenty of cartoon mishaps. Groening said, \"When you see somebody fall off the roof in a live-action film, it's funny -- we all love it. But it's not as funny as when Homer falls off the roof. ", "questions": [{"question": "What was the name of the \"The Simpsons Movie\" writer?", "answers": [{"text": "Matt Groening", "idx": 11578, "label": 0}, {"text": "the Screening Room", "idx": 11579, "label": 0}, {"text": "David Silverman", "idx": 11580, "label": 0}, {"text": "Al Jean", "idx": 11581, "label": 1}, {"text": "Homer", "idx": 11582, "label": 0}], "idx": 2217}]}}
{"idx": 136, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "The cute red ball rolled over to the blue ball and said hello. The blue ball was scared and went to cry to the green ball. The green ball laughed at the blue ball. Then the green ball told the orange ball that blue ball was stupid. Most felt this was not good to do and so they punished the green ball by taking away all his air. From that day on everyone saw the air-less green ball and knew that they could not do or say any bad things. This is how the trouble started. The purple ball used the fear of everyone to become the leader that they all feared. The purple ball was mean to everyone. Until one day the red ball spoke up and got all the other colored balls together and they took the air from the purple ball and put it in the green ball. Sadly, the green ball had been without air for too long and was dead. ", "questions": [{"question": "Why did they take the air from the green ball?", "answers": [{"text": "Because the red ball told them to", "idx": 8104, "label": 0}, {"text": "Because the green ball laughed and called the blue ball stupid", "idx": 8105, "label": 1}, {"text": "Because the green ball called the orange ball stupid", "idx": 8106, "label": 0}, {"text": "Because the pruple ball made them", "idx": 8107, "label": 0}, {"text": "Because the green ball was a bully", "idx": 8108, "label": 0}], "idx": 1558}]}}
{"idx": 155, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "The dermis is the inner layer of skin. The dermis has blood vessels and nerve endings. The nerve endings explain why your skin is sensitive. You can sense pain, pressure, and temperature. You cut your finger and it starts to bleed. What has happened? If your skin bleeds, it means you have cut the dermis layer and damaged blood vessels. The cut really hurts. It hurts because of the nerve endings in this skin layer. The dermis also contains hair follicles and two types of glands. Hair follicles are structures where hairs originate. Each hair grows out of a follicle. Hair passes up through the epidermis. It then extends above the skin surface. Oil glands produce an oily substance. The oil is secreted into hair follicles. ", "questions": [{"question": "If you were to cut your finger, why does it hurt?", "answers": [{"text": "Because you seriously hurt yourself", "idx": 8961, "label": 0}, {"text": "Because of the never endings", "idx": 8962, "label": 1}, {"text": "Because The dermis have nerve endings", "idx": 8963, "label": 1}, {"text": "Oil glandes", "idx": 8964, "label": 0}, {"text": "It hurts due to the nerve endings in the dermis layer", "idx": 8965, "label": 1}], "idx": 1728}]}}
{"idx": 412, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "You write: \"Having created the desired impression, Moore follows with his Heston interview.\" No, he doesn't. You accuse Moore so often of changing the chronology, yet you have no problems changing it yourself. The Heston interview is at the very end of the movie. After the Flint rally comes a brief TV interview with Heston, where he is asked about Kayla Rolland (again, clear evidence that the local media in Flint raised questions about the NRA's presence), then an inteview with country prosecutor Arthur Busch, entirely ignored by critics of the film, who also mentions Heston's presence as notable, and refers to the immediate reactions of \"people from all over America\", gun owners/groups who, according to him, reacted aggressively to warnings of having guns accessible to children, much like spanking advocates react aggressively when anti-spankers point to a case of a child being killed or severely injured by a beating. These people do not feel the need to express sympathy, or to think about ways to avoid such incidents, but they feel the need to assert their \"rights\" and to look for quick, simple answers -- as Busch states, gun owners wanted to \"hang [the child] from the highest tree\". This is all not mentioned by critics of Moore's movie, who claim to be objective. Perhaps the best example of the paranoia surrounding Moore's film is your sub-essay \"Is the end of the Heston interview itself faked?\" Moore answers a simple question -- how could the scene have been filmed -- with a simple answer: two cameras. From this, you construct an obscure conspiracy of \"re-enactment\": \"For all we can tell, Moore could have shouted 'Hey!' to make Heston turn around and then remained silent as Heston left.\" Even if your \"re-enactment\" theory is true (and I see no evidence that you have actually tried to ask the people involved in the filmmaking for their opinion), this itself is not unethical, and you have no evidence whatsoever that Moore has done anything unethical here, just like you have no evidence that Moore has unethically removed parts of the interview. You use standard filmmaking technique as a basis to construct bizarre conspiracies which sound plausible to the gullible reader, without ever providing any evidence for the implicit or explicit claims of fraud and distortion. ", "questions": [{"question": "Which standard filmmaking technique is used as a basis to construct conspiracies?", "answers": [{"text": "Two cameras", "idx": 24776, "label": 1}, {"text": "Unethically removing parts of the interview", "idx": 24777, "label": 0}, {"text": "Filming with two cameras", "idx": 24778, "label": 1}, {"text": "Fruitful conspiracies", "idx": 24779, "label": 0}, {"text": "Film splicing", "idx": 24780, "label": 0}], "idx": 4677}]}}
{"idx": 240, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "The protagonist Preetam ( ( ( Ganesh , on a visit to Eva Mall amidst a heavy wind , spots a pretty girl , Nandini .  While staring at her , he inadvertently falls into a manhole .  Nandini rescues him from the pit , but in the process loses her heart-shaped watch she had just bought .  While accompanying his mother to Madikeri , Preetam confronts a man named Jaanu .  Jaanu , who has been following Nandini , beats up Preetam thinking that he is in love with Nandini .  Preetam , unaware that Jaanu has vowed not to allow any one near Nandini , trashes Jaanu and his gang in return .  In Madikeri , Preetam meets Nandini unexpectedly .  He identifies himself and expresses his love towards her and offers to tie the watch as an indication for their marriage .  Nandini , who is already engaged rejects his request .  Still , Preetam vows to marry Nandini if she meets him again .  In the meantime , Preetam discovers that his host in Madikeri , Col. Subbayya is Nandini's father , who is pretty much deaf , and Nandini's marriage is a just a week away .  Dejected , Preetam throws Nandini's heart-shaped watch away .  But Nandini calls him over the phone and taunts him to return .  Delighted , Preetam goes in search of her watch and brings it back .  While searching it , he spots a rabbit , Which he calls Devadas , and brings it along with him .  Since Nandini's friends are due to arrive from Mumbai for the marriage , Preetam takes Nandini to the railway station .  The train from Mumbai is delayed by five hours , so Nandini and Preetam decide to visit a nearby hill-temple . ", "questions": [{"question": "Did Nandini accept love proposal of Preetam?", "answers": [{"text": "Not initially", "idx": 13936, "label": 1}, {"text": "No", "idx": 13937, "label": 1}, {"text": "Yes", "idx": 13938, "label": 0}, {"text": "Was already engaged", "idx": 13939, "label": 0}, {"text": "Without any hesitation", "idx": 13940, "label": 0}], "idx": 2642}]}}
{"idx": 13, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "On his return to Nuremberg in 1495, Durer opened his own workshop (being married was a requirement for this). Over the next five years his style increasingly integrated Italian influences into underlying Northern forms. Durer's father died in 1502, and his mother died in 1513. His best works in the first years of the workshop were his woodcut prints, mostly religious, but including secular scenes such as The Men's Bath House (ca. 1496). These were larger and more finely cut than the great majority of German woodcuts hitherto, and far more complex and balanced in composition. It is now thought unlikely that Durer cut any of the woodblocks himself; this task would have been performed by a specialist craftsman. However, his training in Wolgemut's studio, which made many carved and painted altarpieces and both designed and cut woodblocks for woodcut, evidently gave him great understanding of what the technique could be made to produce, and how to work with block cutters. Durer either drew his design directly onto the woodblock itself, or glued a paper drawing to the block. Either way, his drawings were destroyed during the cutting of the block. ", "questions": [{"question": "Whether the designs were drawn directly onto the block or were paper drawings glued to the block, what was the end result of the original work?", "answers": [{"text": "They were glued", "idx": 820, "label": 0}, {"text": "They were sold", "idx": 821, "label": 0}, {"text": "They were broken during the process", "idx": 822, "label": 0}, {"text": "They were destroyed", "idx": 823, "label": 1}, {"text": "Nothing happened to them", "idx": 824, "label": 0}], "idx": 143}]}}
{"idx": 90, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Honours and legacy In 1929, Soviet writer Leonid Grossman published a novel The d'Archiac Papers, telling the story of Pushkin's death from the perspective of a French diplomat, being a participant and a witness of the fatal duel. The book describes him as a liberal and a victim of the Tsarist regime. In Poland the book was published under the title Death of the Poet. In 1937, the town of Tsarskoye Selo was renamed Pushkin in his honour. There are several museums in Russia dedicated to Pushkin, including two in Moscow, one in Saint Petersburg, and a large complex in Mikhaylovskoye. Pushkin's death was portrayed in the 2006 biographical film Pushkin: The Last Duel. The film was directed by Natalya Bondarchuk. Pushkin was portrayed onscreen by Sergei Bezrukov. The Pushkin Trust was established in 1987 by the Duchess of Abercorn to commemorate the creative legacy and spirit of her ancestor and to release the creativity and imagination of the children of Ireland by providing them with opportunities to communicate their thoughts, feelings and experiences. A minor planet, 2208 Pushkin, discovered in 1977 by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh, is named after him. A crater on Mercury is also named in his honour. MS Alexandr Pushkin, second ship of the Russian Ivan Franko class (also referred to as \"poet\" or \"writer\" class). Station of Tashkent metro was named in his honour. The Pushkin Hills and Pushkin Lake were named in his honour in Ben Nevis Township, Cochrane District, in Ontario, Canada. UN Russian Language Day, established by the United Nations in 2010 and celebrated each year on 6 June, was scheduled to coincide with Pushkin's birthday. ", "questions": [{"question": "What is the name of the novel that was later published in Poland under the title \"Death of the Poet\"?", "answers": [{"text": "The poet papers", "idx": 5492, "label": 0}, {"text": "\"The d'Archiac Papers.\"", "idx": 5493, "label": 1}], "idx": 1062}]}}
{"idx": 122, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Grande dame of cooking still going strong at 90: Julia Child celebrates in San Francisco. How does it feel to turn 90 and have attained the status of an icon, a living legend? \"It feels just like it felt before,\" Julia Child says with the throaty laugh familiar to millions who cut their culinary teeth on her \"French Chef\" television series. The show, along with her seminal book, \"Mastering the Art of French Cooking\" (1961), revolutionized the way America cooks and eats. While making light of the difference a day -- or another decade -- makes, Child intends to enjoy her birthday thoroughly. First, there will be all the public observances, including a sold-out dinner Thursday at San Francisco's tony Fifth Floor restaurant, which -- like dinners that night at 19 other venues across the country -- will benefit the scholarship fund of the International Association of Culinary Professionals (which Child co-founded). Friday to Sunday, the action moves to Napa, with both members-only and public events at COPIA: The American Center for Wine, Food and the Arts, of which she is an honorary board member. Aug. 15, her actual birthday, will see her in Maine at an annual gathering of nieces, nephews, their offspring and friends, who for many years have rolled a joined birthday celebration for several members of the group into a jolly reunion. The schedule Child and her assistant of 14 years, former pastry chef Stephanie Hersh, have laid out is not exactly a senior-citizen routine, even though Child has always been candid about her age and realistic in assessing her own capabilities. When the Pasadena native moved back to California from her long-time home in the Boston area last year, she also made the move from a condominium she and her late husband, Paul, had purchased many years ago to a progressive retirement home. She is in the most active of the four levels available, but should the need arise, she can move on to assisted living facilities within the same complex. ", "questions": [{"question": "What two popular accomplishments did Julia Child revolutionize the way American's eat?", "answers": [{"text": "Tv show, French Chef", "idx": 7432, "label": 1}, {"text": "Using butter", "idx": 7433, "label": 0}, {"text": "The French Chef cooking show and \"Mastering the Art of French Cooking\" book", "idx": 7434, "label": 1}, {"text": "The show, along with her seminal book", "idx": 7435, "label": 1}, {"text": "Her book, Mastering the Art of French Cooking", "idx": 7436, "label": 1}, {"text": "Julia Child celebrates in San Francisco", "idx": 7437, "label": 0}, {"text": "Using olive oil", "idx": 7438, "label": 0}], "idx": 1417}]}}
{"idx": 381, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Alexander's body was laid in a gold anthropoid sarcophagus that was filled with honey, which was in turn placed in a gold casket. According to Aelian, a seer called Aristander foretold that the land where Alexander was laid to rest \"would be happy and unvanquishable forever\". Perhaps more likely, the successors may have seen possession of the body as a symbol of legitimacy, since burying the prior king was a royal prerogative. While Alexander's funeral cortege was on its way to Macedon, Ptolemy seized it and took it temporarily to Memphis. His successor, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, transferred the sarcophagus to Alexandria, where it remained until at least late Antiquity. Ptolemy IX Lathyros, one of Ptolemy's final successors, replaced Alexander's sarcophagus with a glass one so he could convert the original to coinage. The recent discovery of an enormous tomb in northern Greece, at Amphipolis, dating from the time of Alexander the Great has given rise to speculation that its original intent was to be the burial place of Alexander. This would fit with the intended destination of Alexander's funeral cortege. Pompey, Julius Caesar and Augustus all visited the tomb in Alexandria, where Augustus, allegedly, accidentally knocked the nose off. Caligula was said to have taken Alexander's breastplate from the tomb for his own use. Around AD 200, Emperor Septimius Severus closed Alexander's tomb to the public. His son and successor, Caracalla, a great admirer, visited the tomb during his own reign. After this, details on the fate of the tomb are hazy. The so-called \"Alexander Sarcophagus\", discovered near Sidon and now in the Istanbul Archaeology Museum, is so named not because it was thought to have contained Alexander's remains, but because its bas-reliefs depict Alexander and his companions fighting the Persians and hunting. It was originally thought to have been the sarcophagus of Abdalonymus (died 311 BC), the king of Sidon appointed by Alexander immediately following the battle of Issus in 331. However, more recently, it has been suggested that it may date from earlier than Abdalonymus' death. ", "questions": [{"question": "The so-called \"Alexander Sarcophagus\" was originally thought to have been the sarcophagus of who?", "answers": [{"text": "Abdalonymus", "idx": 23148, "label": 1}, {"text": "Alexander himself", "idx": 23149, "label": 0}, {"text": "Abdalonymus, the king of Sidon", "idx": 23150, "label": 1}], "idx": 4364}]}}
{"idx": 43, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "What if you could drain all of Earths oceans? What would it look like? You might be really surprised. You see that the surface has two main features. It has continents and ocean basins. Continents are large land areas. These are the areas that are mostly above sea level. Ocean basins extend from the edges of continents. They include the ocean floor and Earths deep ocean trenches. You will also notice the ocean floor is not flat. It too has many Continents are much older than ocean basins. Some rocks on the continents are billions of years old. Ocean basins may only be millions of years old. Because the continents are so old, a lot has happened to them! As we view the land around us, we see landforms. Landforms are physical features on Earths surface. These features change over time, but how? There are actually two types of forces at work. ", "questions": [{"question": "What are two elements of ocean basins?", "answers": [{"text": "Basins and continents", "idx": 2589, "label": 0}, {"text": "Ocean floor", "idx": 2590, "label": 1}, {"text": "The ocean floor, and deep ocean trenches", "idx": 2591, "label": 1}, {"text": "Sea level", "idx": 2592, "label": 0}, {"text": "Deep ocean trenches", "idx": 2593, "label": 1}, {"text": "Continent", "idx": 2594, "label": 0}, {"text": "The ocean floor and trenches", "idx": 2595, "label": 1}], "idx": 503}]}}
{"idx": 289, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Hamilton argued that the natural faculties of blacks were as good as those of free whites, and he warned that the British would arm the slaves if the patriots did not. In his 21st-century biography, Chernow cites this incident as evidence that Hamilton and Laurens saw the Revolution and the struggle against slavery as inseparable. Hamilton attacked his political opponents as demanding freedom for themselves and refusing to allow it to blacks. In January 1785, Hamilton attended the second meeting of the New York Manumission Society (NYMS). John Jay was president and Hamilton was the first secretary and later became president. Chernow notes how the membership soon included many of Hamilton's friends and associates. Hamilton was a member of the committee of the society that petitioned the legislature to end the slave trade, and that succeeded in passing legislation banning the export of slaves from New York. In the same period, Hamilton felt bound by the rule of law of the time and his law practice facilitated the return of a fugitive slave to Henry Laurens of South Carolina. He opposed the compromise at the 1787 Constitutional Convention by which the federal government could not abolish the slave trade for 20 years, and was disappointed when he lost that argument. Hamilton never supported forced emigration for freed slaves. Horton has argued from this that he would be comfortable with a multiracial society, and that this distinguished him from his contemporaries. In international affairs, he supported Toussaint L'Ouverture's black government in Haiti after the revolt that overthrew French control, as he had supported aid to the slaveowners in 1791--both measures hurt France. Scant evidence has been interpreted by a few to indicate Hamilton may have owned household slaves, as did many wealthy New Yorkers (the evidence for this is indirect; McDonald interprets it as referring to paid employees). ", "questions": [{"question": "Was the New York Manumission Society founded before or after the 1787 Constitutional Convention?", "answers": [{"text": "Before", "idx": 17366, "label": 1}, {"text": "After", "idx": 17367, "label": 0}], "idx": 3290}]}}
{"idx": 115, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Registration fees for Illinois lawyers could jump as much as $49 a year if lawmakers adopt two separate measures to bolster pro-bono services and support for lawyers with drug and alcohol problems. The Illinois Supreme Court is pushing for legislation that would allow it to dedicate money raised through the fee hikes to legal services to the poor. The justices are floating a $42 increase to shore up financing for pro-bono work, as the normal funding mechanism for legal services has fallen short in recent years. Currently, support for non-profit legal aid groups comes from interest generated on the Lawyers' Trust Fund, which pools clients' money that attorneys hold for such matters as escrow funds. But low interest rates and a sagging economy mean there is less money being generated. After hours of discussion, the high court agreed that raising the registration fees would be the best way to address the declining revenues, Chief Justice Moses W. Harrison II said. The judges were reluctant to raise those fees but eventually decided that supporting probono services was important enough \"and lawyers had a responsibility to contribute\" to the cause, Harrison said. Last year, the high court raised the base fee for active attorneys to $180 from $140. Lawyers in their first three years of practice or who are inactive pay $90, and retired lawyers pay nothing. Legislation circulated by the high court's lobbyist specifies that the hike would apply to attorneys \"paying full annual registration fees.\" In 2001, there were 57,392 active attorneys in Illinois and 74,311 on the full roll, according to the Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission. The hike would raise roughly $2.4 million. Last year, interest on the trust fund totaled $4.5 million, but service and handling fees consumed $538,000 of that amount. This year's returns are projected to be anywhere between $700,000 and $1 million short of that mark, said Ruth Ann Schmitt, the executive director of Lawyers Trust Fund of Illinois. Harrison said the fee hikes are designed only to counter the shortfall in interest income, not add to the total amount available. \"Our legal services are already stretched to the breaking point,\" Schmitt said. \"We have a tough time raising enough money to properly fund services that our clients need.\" Neither the Illinois State Bar Association nor The Chicago Bar Association has taken a stance on the proposed hikes. ", "questions": [{"question": "How much are lawyers paying for their registration fees now?", "answers": [{"text": "$120", "idx": 6998, "label": 0}, {"text": "$180", "idx": 6999, "label": 1}, {"text": "Active lawyers are paying $180, inactive lawyers pay $90, and retired lawyers pay nothing", "idx": 7000, "label": 1}, {"text": "$90", "idx": 7001, "label": 0}, {"text": "$140", "idx": 7002, "label": 1}], "idx": 1352}]}}
{"idx": 167, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Once upon a time Jimmy had a mother who told him that he was good at music. Jimmy wanted to play music. He did not know which instrument to play, so he tried a piano first. The piano went like a sound. Then he tried a guitar. The guitar played. His brother told him that the piano was better to start, so Jimmy played the piano. He hammered on the keys. Jimmy's brother liked this, but mom did not like this. Jimmy tried playing very quiet. Jimmy's mom liked this, but Jimmy's brother did not like this. Jimmy tried playing in the middle. Jimmy liked this, and Jimmy's mom liked this, and Jimmy's brother liked this. It was great. ", "questions": [{"question": "When Jimmy played quietly, who didn't like it?", "answers": [{"text": "Jimmy's mom", "idx": 9608, "label": 0}, {"text": "His brother", "idx": 9609, "label": 1}, {"text": "Brother", "idx": 9610, "label": 0}, {"text": "The piano", "idx": 9611, "label": 0}, {"text": "His mom", "idx": 9612, "label": 0}, {"text": "Jimmy's brother", "idx": 9613, "label": 1}, {"text": "Jimmy's dad", "idx": 9614, "label": 0}], "idx": 1841}]}}
{"idx": 169, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "So what is gravity? A typical definition of gravity is that it is a force. It causes an attraction between two masses. According to this definition, anything that has mass exerts a force. Any object exerts gravity on other objects. It does not matter how small it is, it has gravity. The more matter an object has, the more gravity it has. Your pencil has a tiny bit of gravity, but far too little to notice. What about a planet? It would have a lot of gravity. An objects gravity exerts a pull on other objects. Friction only occurs between objects that are touching. Gravity can act between objects that are not touching. In fact, gravity can act over very long distances. Where else can you feel gravity? ", "questions": [{"question": "What is gravity?", "answers": [{"text": "The force of attraction between two masses", "idx": 9650, "label": 1}, {"text": "The force of repultion between two masses", "idx": 9651, "label": 0}, {"text": "a force", "idx": 9652, "label": 1}, {"text": "distance", "idx": 9653, "label": 0}, {"text": "a troll", "idx": 9654, "label": 0}], "idx": 1847}]}}
{"idx": 209, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "As for the Italians, we know that Paesiello, who was a famous intriguer against his musical rivals, was a devoted husband whose wife was an invalid and who died soon after her death. Cherubini married Mademoiselle Cecile Turette, when he was thirty-five, and the marriage was not a success. He left a son and two daughters. Spontini, one of whose best operas was based on the life of that much mis-married enthusiast for divorce, John Milton, took to wife a member of the Erard family. In the outer world Spontini was famous for his despotism, his jealousy, his bad temper, and his excessive vanity. None of these qualities as a rule add much to home comfort, and yet, it is said that he lived happily with his wife. We may feel sure that some of the bad light thrown on his character is due purely to the jealousy of rivals, when we consider his domestic content, his ardent interest in the welfare of Mozart's widow and children, and the great efforts he made to secure subscriptions for the widow's biography of Mozart. ", "questions": [{"question": "Who were three Italians, whom this passage describes?", "answers": [{"text": "Cecile Turette", "idx": 12142, "label": 0}, {"text": "Paesiello", "idx": 12143, "label": 1}, {"text": "Paesiello, Cherubini, and Spontini", "idx": 12144, "label": 1}, {"text": "Cherubini", "idx": 12145, "label": 1}, {"text": "Paesiello,Cherubini and Spontini", "idx": 12146, "label": 1}, {"text": "Mozart", "idx": 12147, "label": 0}, {"text": "Spontini", "idx": 12148, "label": 1}], "idx": 2306}]}}
{"idx": 315, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Alexander the Great's accomplishments and legacy have been depicted in many cultures. Alexander has figured in both high and popular culture beginning in his own era to the present day. The Alexander Romance, in particular, has had a significant impact on portrayals of Alexander in later cultures, from Persian to medieval European to modern Greek. Alexander may already have considered himself as the \"King of Asia\" after his victory at Issos, a conception strengthened by his subsequent successes. The conception might have inspired the title given to Alexander in Babylonian documents, \"king of the world (since \"king of Asia\" had no meaning in Babylonian geography). It might also be alluded in the sarcastic comments by Anaxarchus, trying to rouse Alexander after the murder of Cleitus. or in the orator Demades' comments that if Alexander were dead, \"The whole world would stink of his corpse\". Alexander is called \"kosmokrator\", ruler of the world, in the later Alexander Romance. Alexander features prominently in modern Greek folklore, more so than any other ancient figure. The colloquial form of his name in modern Greek (\"O Megalexandros\") is a household name, and he is the only ancient hero to appear in the Karagiozis shadow play. One well-known fable among Greek seamen involves a solitary mermaid who would grasp a ship's prow during a storm and ask the captain \"Is King Alexander alive?\". The correct answer is \"He is alive and well and rules the world!\", causing the mermaid to vanish and the sea to calm. Any other answer would cause the mermaid to turn into a raging Gorgon who would drag the ship to the bottom of the sea, all hands aboard. ", "questions": [{"question": "Name some cultures that have depicted the legacy of Alexander the Great.", "answers": [{"text": "American, south american, australian", "idx": 18988, "label": 0}, {"text": "Persian, medieval European, modern Greek", "idx": 18989, "label": 1}, {"text": "Persian to european, Greek ,", "idx": 18990, "label": 1}], "idx": 3574}]}}
{"idx": 105, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "When single father Thurman Williams needed help filling out papers in a custody suit recently, he didn't look to his lawyer for help. He walked to a computerized kiosk at the Lamoreaux Justice Center in Orange and started tapping the keys. As part of a legal experiment, litigants without lawyers across California are using computerized video kiosks to prepare common court filings and seek basic legal advice. The kiosk used by Williams is part of a statewide effort to cope with a flood of litigants who cannot afford or refuse to hire lawyers. Court officials statewide fear the number of self-represented litigants has reached crisis levels and threatens to clog court calendars. Like Williams, more than 6,000 Orange County litigants have initiated court actions on I-CAN! kiosks or accessed the programs on the Internet, using home computers. Similar programs are operating in Sacramento, San Diego and Ventura. A recent study of the kiosks' first 18 months of operation concluded it is too soon to tell if the system will relieve pressure on court calendars. But the report, by UC Irvine's School of Social Ecology, said users were overwhelmingly positive about the free legal assistance. \"It's made life a lot easier for me,\" Williams said. \"It's helped keep me from going to the poorhouse.\" The 29-year-old Orange resident was directed to a kiosk in the Lamoreaux Justice Center by court staff. After putting on headphones and following the directions of a videotaped instructor, Williams filled out a quarter-inch stack of paternity and custody documents. The exercise took 20 minutes; it would have cost him about $800 if he had relied on a lawyer, he said. \"It was a lot easier than I thought.\" Whether they can't afford a lawyer or just want to save money, more Californians are going to court without a lawyer. \"I'm just amazed at the numbers,\" said Commissioner Salvador Sarmiento, who hears between 40 and 90 child-support cases a day in Lamoreaux Justice Center. ", "questions": [{"question": "Who walked to a computerized kiosk at the Lamoreaux Justice Center in Orange?", "answers": [{"text": "Sarmiento", "idx": 6350, "label": 0}, {"text": "A man", "idx": 6351, "label": 0}, {"text": "Salvador Sarmiento", "idx": 6352, "label": 0}, {"text": "Thurman Williams", "idx": 6353, "label": 1}], "idx": 1243}]}}
{"idx": 21, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "The next evening, she arrived with a stack of glistening stopboxes containing sushi, sashimi, oysters in their shells, and Terran vegetables fresh plucked from their hydroponic beds. Wondering about the reason for her extravagance, I asked how work had gone that day. \"Emil came in. He's taking Dream's End.\" \"Emil?\" \"You've no memory left, old one. Emil Malaquez.\" You did that to test my affections.\" \"What?\" \"Calling him by his first name. I did that in a comedy once.'Nights with Karl and Groucho.' It was before your time.\" \"The critics liked it.\" \"I'm glad.\" A moment later: \"That's not why I called him 'Emil'.\" \"No. We lunched together. He's nice.\" ", "questions": [{"question": "Why did one of the characters from the passages call Emil by his first name?", "answers": [{"text": "They lunched together", "idx": 1375, "label": 1}, {"text": "Couldn't remember the surname", "idx": 1376, "label": 0}, {"text": "Because they had lunched together at some point", "idx": 1377, "label": 1}, {"text": "To test the other's affections", "idx": 1378, "label": 1}, {"text": "To be fresh", "idx": 1379, "label": 0}], "idx": 248}]}}
{"idx": 81, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "(CNN) -- Horror-meister, Stephen King calls George Pelecanos \"perhaps the greatest living American crime writer.\" His stories are set in Pelecanos' hometown of Washington, D.C., but this is not the side of the U.S. capitol that you see portrayed on TV with white marble monuments, lawyers and lobbyists. Pelecanos is more interested in working families struggling to get by, the racial tensions in its ethnic neighborhoods and the low-lifes on the edges. His crime-writing peers call Pelecanos the \"undisputed poet\" of Washington's gritty side. The best-selling and award-winning author is out this week with his 17th and latest novel, \"The Cut.\" It's the first in a new series featuring Iraq war veteran and private investigator Spero Lucas. When he's not working for a Washington defense attorney, Lucas recovers stolen property for a 40% cut. Now, a high-profile crime boss hires Lucas to find out who's been stealing from him, and it could turn out to be Lucas' biggest payday or an untimely end. While Pelecanos made his bones in the noir tradition, there's a definite \"Western\" feel to \"The Cut.\" The new novel takes place in a morally gray and often violent world. It's peppered with pitch-perfect dialogue and captures the sights, sounds and taste of Washington in rich detail. In short, Pelecanos reads like the real deal. Pelecanos knows a thing or two about capturing the authenticity of urban America with an ethnically and socially diverse cast. In addition to his success as a novelist, Pelecanos is a producer and writer for HBO's New Orleans-set, \"Treme.\" He was previously a producer and Emmy-nominated writer on the hit series \"The Wire\" and the miniseries \"The Pacific.\" Read an excerpt from \"The Cut\" CNN recently spoke to Pelecanos about his new novel. The following is an edited transcript. CNN: Tell me more about your new character, Spero Lucas. ", "questions": [{"question": "George Pelecanos has been involved as a writer and producer for which television shows?", "answers": [{"text": "Game of thrones", "idx": 4885, "label": 0}, {"text": "Search party", "idx": 4886, "label": 0}, {"text": "Veep", "idx": 4887, "label": 0}, {"text": "Who Wants to be a Millionaire", "idx": 4888, "label": 0}, {"text": "The Pacific", "idx": 4889, "label": 1}, {"text": "Treme", "idx": 4890, "label": 1}, {"text": "\"Treme\", \"The Wire\", and \"The Pacific.\"", "idx": 4891, "label": 1}, {"text": "Dancing with the Stars", "idx": 4892, "label": 0}, {"text": "The Wire", "idx": 4893, "label": 1}, {"text": "LockUp Abroad", "idx": 4894, "label": 0}], "idx": 943}]}}
{"idx": 151, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "You just got done with a long run. You are gasping for air. Why does your body react this way? What is the purpose of breathing? All the cells of your body need oxygen to work properly. Your bodys circulatory system works with the respiratory system to deliver the oxygen. Your blood carries red blood cells. The main job of red blood cells is to carry oxygen throughout your body. The red blood cells get oxygen in the lungs. The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is the body system that takes in oxygen. It then releases carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the waste material from the cells. ", "questions": [{"question": "Do your blood carry red blood cells", "answers": [{"text": "The respiratory system carries red blood cells", "idx": 8863, "label": 0}, {"text": "Red blood cells move through the blood", "idx": 8864, "label": 1}, {"text": "No", "idx": 8865, "label": 0}, {"text": "Yes", "idx": 8866, "label": 1}, {"text": "(this question is so badly phrased, I'm not sure what it's asking) CO2", "idx": 8867, "label": 0}, {"text": "Yes to get oxygen in the blood", "idx": 8868, "label": 1}], "idx": 1710}]}}
{"idx": 366, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Renewable Energy Resource Sunlight Sunlight can be used to heat homes. It can also be used to produce electricity. This conversion is made possible by solar cells. However, solar energy may not always be practical. Some areas are just too cloudy. Example Solar panels on the roof of this house generate enough electricity to supply a familys needs. Moving Water Falling water can have a lot of energy. Its energy can be converted into kinetic energy. This energy can turn a turbine and generate electricity. The water may fall naturally over a waterfall or flow through a dam. A drawback of dams is that they flood land upstream. They can also reduce water flow downstream. Either effect may harm ecosystems. Wind Wind is moving air. It has kinetic energy that can do work. Wind turbines change the kinetic energy of the wind to electrical energy. Only certain areas of the world get enough steady wind. Many people also think that wind turbines are noisy and not very nice to look at. ", "questions": [{"question": "What are the sources of kinetic energy", "answers": [{"text": "Wind , water", "idx": 22333, "label": 1}, {"text": "Moving water and wind", "idx": 22334, "label": 1}, {"text": "Kinetic energy comes from either solar or wind power", "idx": 22335, "label": 0}, {"text": "Both wind and moving water create kinetic energy", "idx": 22336, "label": 1}, {"text": "The sources of kinetic energy are wind, moving water, and geothermal power", "idx": 22337, "label": 0}, {"text": "Kinetic energy comes from either moving water or from wind", "idx": 22338, "label": 1}], "idx": 4204}]}}
{"idx": 42, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Alexander earned the epithet \"The Great\" due to his unparalleled success as a military commander. He never lost a battle, despite typically being outnumbered. This was due to use of terrain, phalanx and cavalry tactics, bold strategy, and the fierce loyalty of his troops. The Macedonian phalanx, armed with the sarissa, a spear 6 metres (20 ft) long, had been developed and perfected by Philip II through rigorous training, and Alexander used its speed and maneuverability to great effect against larger but more disparate Persian forces. Alexander also recognized the potential for disunity among his diverse army, which employed various languages and weapons. He overcame this by being personally involved in battle, in the manner of a Macedonian king. In his first battle in Asia, at Granicus, Alexander used only a small part of his forces, perhaps 13,000 infantry with 5,000 cavalry, against a much larger Persian force of 40,000. Alexander placed the phalanx at the center and cavalry and archers on the wings, so that his line matched the length of the Persian cavalry line, about 3 km (1.86 mi). By contrast, the Persian infantry was stationed behind its cavalry. This ensured that Alexander would not be outflanked, while his phalanx, armed with long pikes, had a considerable advantage over the Persian's scimitars and javelins. Macedonian losses were negligible compared to those of the Persians. At Issus in 333 BC, his first confrontation with Darius, he used the same deployment, and again the central phalanx pushed through. Alexander personally led the charge in the center, routing the opposing army. At the decisive encounter with Darius at Gaugamela, Darius equipped his chariots with scythes on the wheels to break up the phalanx and equipped his cavalry with pikes. Alexander arranged a double phalanx, with the center advancing at an angle, parting when the chariots bore down and then reforming. The advance was successful and broke Darius' center, causing the latter to flee once again. When faced with opponents who used unfamiliar fighting techniques, such as in Central Asia and India, Alexander adapted his forces to his opponents' style. Thus, in Bactria and Sogdiana, Alexander successfully used his javelin throwers and archers to prevent outflanking movements, while massing his cavalry at the center. ", "questions": [{"question": "How did Alexander change the use of the phalanx at the battle of Gaugamela?", "answers": [{"text": "He arranges a double phalanx that advanced at an angle", "idx": 2566, "label": 1}, {"text": "Darius equipped his chariots with scythes on the wheels to break up the phalanx", "idx": 2567, "label": 1}, {"text": "Equipped his cavalry with pikes", "idx": 2568, "label": 0}], "idx": 497}]}}
{"idx": 394, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Fossils can be used to match up rock layers. As organisms change over time, they look different. Older fossils will look different than younger fossils. Some organisms only survived for a short time before going extinct. Knowing what organisms looked like at certain times also helps date rock layers. Some fossils are better than others for this use. The fossils that are very distinct at certain times of Earths history are called index fossils. Index fossils are commonly used to match rock layers. You can see how this works in Figure 2.30. If two rock layers have the same index fossils, then they're probably about the same age. ", "questions": [{"question": "What kind of fossils are used to date rock layers?", "answers": [{"text": "Index fossils", "idx": 23773, "label": 1}, {"text": "Old organisms", "idx": 23774, "label": 0}, {"text": "Mold fosdils", "idx": 23775, "label": 0}, {"text": "Young organisms", "idx": 23776, "label": 0}, {"text": "Rocky fossils", "idx": 23777, "label": 0}, {"text": "Index Fossils", "idx": 23778, "label": 1}, {"text": "Cast fossils", "idx": 23779, "label": 0}], "idx": 4496}]}}
{"idx": 303, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "In the period before World War II, the New York Times published a vignette in their \"The Talk of the Town\" feature saying that Einstein was so well known in America that he would be stopped on the street by people wanting him to explain \"that theory\". He finally figured out a way to handle the incessant inquiries. He told his inquirers \"Pardon me, sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein.\" Einstein has been the subject of or inspiration for many novels, films, plays, and works of music. He is a favorite model for depictions of mad scientists and absent-minded professors; his expressive face and distinctive hairstyle have been widely copied and exaggerated. Time magazine's Frederic Golden wrote that Einstein was \"a cartoonist's dream come true\". ", "questions": [{"question": "Why is Einstein considered a cartoonist's dream come true?", "answers": [{"text": "Because of his expressive face and distinctive hairstyle", "idx": 18157, "label": 1}, {"text": "Because he wears funny glasses", "idx": 18158, "label": 0}, {"text": "Distinctive hairstyle", "idx": 18159, "label": 1}, {"text": "He acted in cartoons", "idx": 18160, "label": 0}, {"text": "Because of his expressive face", "idx": 18161, "label": 1}, {"text": "He created cartoons", "idx": 18162, "label": 0}, {"text": "Because of the way he dresses", "idx": 18163, "label": 0}], "idx": 3449}]}}
{"idx": 131, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Dirk Diggler was born as Steven Samuel Adams on April 15 , 1961 outside of Saint Paul , Minnesota . His parents were a construction worker and a boutique shop owner who attended church every Sunday and believed in God . Looking for a career as a male model , Diggler dropped out of school at age 16 and left home . He was discovered at a falafel stand by Jack Horner . Diggler met his friend , Reed Rothchild , through Horner in 1979 while working on a film . Horner slowly introduced Diggler to the business until he became noticeable within the industry . Diggler became a prominent model and began appearing in pornographic films , after Which his career took off . He had critical and box office hits Which led him to stardom . The hits and publicity led to fame and money Which led Diggler to the world of drugs . With the amount of money Diggler was making he was able to support both his and Rothchild's addictions . The drugs eventually caused a breakup between Diggler and Horner since Diggler was having issues with his performance on set . After the breakup Diggler tried to make a film himself but the film was never completed . He then attempted a music career Which was also successful but led him deeper into drugs because of the amount of money he was making . He then starred in a TV show Which was a failure both critically and commercially . Having failed and with no work , Diggler returned to the porn industry taking roles in low-budget homosexual films to help support his habit . ", "questions": [{"question": "What caused Diggler to have less success?", "answers": [{"text": "Ending his relationship with Horner", "idx": 7854, "label": 0}, {"text": "Music career", "idx": 7855, "label": 0}, {"text": "Drugs", "idx": 7856, "label": 1}, {"text": "Diggler and Horner broke up", "idx": 7857, "label": 1}, {"text": "Addiction", "idx": 7858, "label": 1}], "idx": 1504}]}}
{"idx": 287, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "The second major point on which the principals had agreed on March 10 was the need to crack down on terrorist organizations and curtail their fund-raising. The embassy bombings of 1998 had focused attention on al Qaeda's finances. One result had been the creation of an NSC-led interagency committee on terrorist financing. On its recommendation, the President had designated  Bin Laden and al Qaeda as subject to sanctions under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. This gave theTreasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) the ability to search for and freeze any  Bin Laden or al Qaeda assets that reached the U.S. financial system. But since OFAC had little information to go on, few funds were frozen. In July 1999, the President applied the same designation to the Taliban for harboring  Bin Laden. Here, OFAC had more success. It blocked more than $34 million in Taliban assets held in U.S. banks. Another $215 million in gold and $2 million in demand deposits, all belonging to the Afghan central bank and held by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, were also frozen. After October 1999, when the State Department formally designated al Qaeda a \"foreign terrorist organization,\" it became the duty of U.S. banks to block its transactions and seize its funds. Neither this designation nor UN sanctions had much additional practical effect; the sanctions were easily circumvented, and there were no multilateral mechanisms to ensure that other countries' financial systems were not used as conduits for terrorist funding. Attacking the funds of an institution, even the Taliban, was easier than finding and seizing the funds of a clandestine worldwide organization like al Qaeda. Although the CIA's  Bin Laden unit had originally been inspired by the idea of studying terrorist financial links, few personnel assigned to it had any experience in financial investigations. Any terrorist-financing intelligence appeared to have been collected collaterally, as a consequence of gathering other intelligence. This attitude may have stemmed in large part from the chief of this unit, who did not believe that simply following the money from point A to point B revealed much about the terrorists' plans and intentions. As a result, the CIA placed little emphasis on terrorist financing. Nevertheless, the CIA obtained a general understanding of how al Qaeda raised money. ", "questions": [{"question": "Who recommended that the President designate  Bin Laden and al Qaeda as subject to sanctions under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act?", "answers": [{"text": "The President", "idx": 17195, "label": 0}, {"text": "The NSC-led interagency committee on terrorist financing", "idx": 17196, "label": 1}, {"text": "The embassy", "idx": 17197, "label": 0}, {"text": "Terrorist organizations", "idx": 17198, "label": 0}, {"text": "The principals", "idx": 17199, "label": 0}], "idx": 3250}]}}
{"idx": 343, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Mr. Neville ( ( ( Anthony Higgins , a young and arrogant artist and something of a Byronic hero , is contracted to produce a series of 12 landscape drawings of an estate by Mrs. Virginia Herbert for her absent and estranged husband .  Part of the contract is that Mrs. Herbert agrees `` to meet Mr. Neville in private and to comply with his requests concerning his pleasure with me . ''  Several sexual encounters between them follow , each of them acted in such a way as to emphasise reluctance or distress on the part of Mrs Herbert and sexual aggression or insensitivity on the part of Mr Neville .  Meanwhile , whilst living on the estate , Mr. Neville gains quite a reputation with its dwellers , especially with Mrs. Herbert's son-in-law , Mr. Talmann .  Mrs. Herbert , wearied of meeting Mr. Neville for his pleasure , tries to terminate the contract before all of the drawings are completed and orders Mr. Neville to stop .  But he refuses to void the contract and continues as before .  Then Mrs. Herbert's married , but as yet childless , daughter , Mrs. Talmann , who has apparently become attracted to Mr. Neville , seems to blackmail him into making a second contract in Which he agrees to comply with what is described as her pleasure , rather than his a reversal of the position in regard to her mother .  A number of curious objects appear in Neville's drawings , Which point ultimately to the murder of Mr. Herbert , whose body is discovered in the moat of the house .  Mr. Neville completes his twelve drawings and leaves the house . ", "questions": [{"question": "Who refuses to void the contract and continues as before?", "answers": [{"text": "Mrs. Herbert", "idx": 21108, "label": 0}, {"text": "Mr. Neville", "idx": 21109, "label": 1}], "idx": 3965}]}}
{"idx": 218, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "One look at Fred Rooney, and you just know he's the good guy. A trace of childish innocence in his face gives the lanky Bethlehem lawyer a Jimmy Stewart-like quality of quiet trust. In black jeans and button-down shirt, he's a kind of folk hero in the south Bethlehem melting pot where he's crafted a law practice catering to working-class families - mostly Latino - in the shadow of the hulkish remnants of Bethlehem Steel. A two-hour drive away, at City University of New York Law School in Queens, Rooney spends several days a week helping upstart lawyers develop storefront practices that, like his, provide legal representation to folks who can't afford a $250-an-hour legal counselor. Kristin Booth Glen, the law school's dean, took one look at Rooney and knew he was the right person to head the innovative Community Legal Resources Network. ''Fred's so low-key, he's Midwestern in effect,'' says Glen, a former New York Supreme Court judge. ''He captivates people, he inspires loyalty.'' For bringing legal representation to the poor and a host of other social causes, including finding medical care for seriously ill children in Latin America, the Moravian College Alumni Association has chosen Rooney for its prestigious Haupert Humanitarian Award. The award, given to only a select few alumni, will be presented at 7:30 tonight at a reception on Moravian's Priscilla Payne Hurd campus. Moravian, where he was an undergraduate in the early 1970s, inspired Rooney's deep sense of social justice. The son of a Bethlehem Steel executive in New York, he came to the Bethlehem campus from an affluent upbringing on Long Island. The young Rooney might have set his sights on Washington, D.C., like his uncle, former U.S. Rep. Fred Rooney of Bethlehem. After all, politics run in the Rooney family. His brother, state Rep. T.J. Rooney of Bethlehem, is a power in the state Legislature and the Democratic Party. But on a trip to Colombia when he was a junior at Moravian, the child of privilege saw human suffering, malnutrition and poverty the likes of which he had never imagined. ''I couldn't understand why we live this way and they live that way,'' Rooney recalled. ''It's been the guiding light of my life ever since.'' After graduating in CUNY Law School's first class in 1986, he took a job with Lehigh Valley Legal Services. ", "questions": [{"question": "What award will be presented on Moravian's Priscilla Payne Hurd campus?", "answers": [{"text": "The Haupert Humanitarian Award", "idx": 12797, "label": 1}, {"text": "Moravian College Alumni Association award", "idx": 12798, "label": 0}, {"text": "OSCAR", "idx": 12799, "label": 0}], "idx": 2420}]}}
{"idx": 271, "version": 1.1, "passage": {"text": "Callimaco is taken by the beauty of Lucrezia , but she is the loyal wife of Nicia , a rich and foolish lawyer .  Callimaco hires the service of a shady ` fixer ' named Ligurio to aid in his quest to sleep with her .  Lgurio informs Callimaco that Nicia and Lucrezia are anxious to have a child .  With the fixer's help , .  Callimaco masquerades as a doctor and convinces Nicia that the best way for Lucrezia to conceive a child is by her taking a potion made from the Mandrake Root .  He lies and warns Nicia that the first man to sleep with Lucrezia after she has taken the potion will die within eight days .  Together they devise a plan to kidnap a stranger to sleep with Lucrezia and draw out the poison .  Callimaco then disguises himself and arranges to be the one who is kidnapped .  Lucrezia is an honorable woman and does not at first agree to meet with the stranger .  Nicia gets both Lucrezia's mother , a woman of ill repute , and her confessor Brother Timoteo , a priest of low morals , to aid in convincing Lucrezia of the necessity of the plan .  After finally sleeping with Lucrezia , Callimaco confesses everything .  Lucrezia gives thought to the duplicity of her husband , her mother , and her confessor , and decides that she now wants Callimaco as a lover forever .  Callimaco gets what he had desired and everyone else continues to believe that each had outwitted the others . ", "questions": [{"question": "What is the wise of Callimaco?", "answers": [{"text": "Sleep with Lucrezia", "idx": 16001, "label": 1}, {"text": "For Lucrezia", "idx": 16002, "label": 1}, {"text": "He hates Nicia", "idx": 16003, "label": 0}, {"text": "Lust", "idx": 16004, "label": 1}, {"text": "Wrath", "idx": 16005, "label": 0}], "idx": 3038}]}}