[Music] when it comes to animation there are a few companies that compared to Disney I mean we are talking about a studio that created the first in color animated movie ever they have been in the game since the 1920s and have provided many memorable characters and stories over the years from flying elephants to terrifying demons Disney has shown its audience a variety of worlds through its movies and they continue that tradition to this day so naturally being a pillar of cinematic animation Disney must have quite the presence in the realm of television right boy that could get really annoying if she starts repeating everything we say here right Gracie that was a hacky setup uh nope listen I know that I complain a lot in my videos but this it just baffles me why does one of the greatest Animation Studios of all time struggle to provide animated content for television it doesn't make any sense worst of all this isn't even a recent issue it has been like this for quite a long time I mean there are studios that started in the 1980s who had a lot less to work with and a much smaller budget yet they were able to create shows that crushed the ratings now I am NOT saying that Disney has never made a good cartoon but they are few and far between like I'm not even exaggerating their shows are literally scattered across different television channels but this video isn't just about cartoons though it seems that most of the shows that air on Disney Channel are squeezed for every dime they are worth and then thrown away why is this the case why does Disney Channel only care about the short term but not the future of its properties it is so strange because Disney is a company that protects the legacy of its characters and movies but it couldn't care less about what it airs on television now I understand movies and theme parks require more planning and that both carry more weight than television but it's odd to see Disney a company that is so well known for its work ethic to abandon its ethos we've talked about Nickelodeon we've talked about Cartoon Network and now it's time to talk about what ruined Disney Channel unlike Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon the story for Disney begins in the 1920s now Disney Channel did not launch until 1983 but I feel that it's important to understand the origin of Disney as a whole and the way it shaped the landscape of entertainment the outcome of it has a lot to do with the advent of Disney Channel and how it has changed over the years for the sake of time I'm going to try and summarize this information I mean I could honestly make an hour-long video about the history of Disney but we can wait on that as one would expect it all started with Walt Disney in 1923 Walt worked on a short film called Alice's Wonderland it was a good starting point that eventually led Walt and his brother Rory to create their own animation studio they did some contract work for awhile but broke ground with the creation of one of the most iconic cartoon characters of all time Mickey became a sensation as Disney's first sound film Steamboat Willie this success led to the creation of more Mickey Mouse cartoons and eventually Silly Symphonies in 1929 Walt pushed these cartoons forward and also found success with animated movies he was gaining momentum and by 1950 he was able to enter the world of television the first shows to be aired from Disney during the 50s included Davy Crockett Zorro and the infamous Mickey Mouse Club [Music] all were successful and took full advantage of this new form of mass media but for some reason Disney dropped the ball in the 1960s and did not capitalize on the growth of television all that really came out of that decade was the wonderful world of Disney and that's about it Walt died in 1966 and the fallout of his passing could be felt throughout the entire company animated movies would struggle for the next few decades and the television scene would become a wasteland while hanna-barbera grew during this time Disney faltered and became stagnant now I realize that I have covered a lot of history and that some of you may be wondering what it has to do with the topic of this video well Walt's death set many things in motion that would prevent Disney's growth as a company for many years to come but change would eventually arrive and in the 1980s Disney returned in force in the late 1980s the Disney Renaissance had officially begun with the release of The Little Mermaid it was a return to form for the studio and would be the first of many animated classics to come and finally after years of waiting after the rise of the Soviet Union and the war in Vietnam after the Cuban Missile Crisis and the creation of the Civil Rights Act after man landed on the moon Disney finally made an original cartoon for television this is one of the biggest points of my video Disney a studio that is basically synonymous with the word animation took over 60 years to create a cartoon for TV now I understand that times were rough after Walt passed but come on but they finally got their act together and actually brought their a-game to the table and who do we have to thank for this change Michael Eisner he was CEO for Disney from 1984 to 2005 the guy was not perfect but he definitely brought some much-needed change and put the company back on track now there is a lot of complicated business history that went on in the early 80s and it's easy to get lost in it so I'm going to make it simple Michael Eisner wanted to make Disney great again and by Jove he did it the goal was to bring Disney to the forefront of every possible medium their parks improved they found enormous success in the home video market and their animation studio released hit after hit with their movies the company was firing on all cylinders and they finally entered the ring of animated TV shows and their first original show to air was not on Disney Channel now listen guys come on I'm not trying to avoid talking about Disney Channel but unlike Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network Disney has multiple avenues to air its content and a big reason for that is syndication what is syndication in order for a show to be aired on multiple networks it has to pass an episode threshold this could be as low as 65 or as high as a hundred but the purpose of it is to provide enough content for reruns or to put it simply it's the stuff that airs before and after primetime so game shows and lots of Seinfeld this is why you see Family Guy on multiple networks it depends on the show and the circumstance but you need a lot of episodes if you want your show to be profitable the more you have the less likely your audience will be bored with its reruns so Disney television animation was created in December of 1984 and became the cartoon production arm of the company it released its first shows in 85 the Wuzzles and the gummi bears both were fine and well but in 1987 they struck gold finally a show that was worthy of Disney's legacy and it had the quality to back it up cartoons at this time were low-budget they reuse the same animation the same backgrounds the same everything back then making cartoons for TV was a bit of a risk and many experts said it did not make enough money for what it costs so for the shows that did exist they kept it cheap not here though Disney threw money and actual effort into the show and it became a sensation when looking at the technical side ducktales was leagues above anything else and that drew a crowd local television channels were drawn to this show and paid the premium to air it my tail feathers don't call me Baldy Disney made a gamble by investing millions of dollars into duck tails and its production unfamiliar characters unorthodox stories they were going out on a limb with this one but it truly broke ground the syndication path was extremely profitable and duck tales inspired other cartoons that would soon follow Chip and Dale Rescue Rangers tailspin gargoyles hell it even had a spinoff not every show was perfect but it was nice to see Disney rising to the occasion and backing up its prestigious name so Disney finally made some good cartoons for television but what about Disney Channel you know the main topic of this video well things were a little bit different it was launched in 1983 as a premium channel the first show to air on it was good-morning Mickey a variety show that featured classic Disney shorts but over the years Disney Channel made the transition over to basic cable and became more available to the masses it bolstered a large library of programs and movies but it lacked quality original content Disney Channel would finally find real success in the late 90s and early 2000s with its live-action programming the first shows to start this wave were flash-forward the famous Jett Jackson and even Stephens but everything was blown wide open when Lizzie McGuire arrived on the scene this was it folks this was when Disney Channel said oh man we can make some money with this formula you know the one to take a child actor who can sing and dance and squeeze every penny out of them who cares if it warps them for life right right despite the success of Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network at the time animation was still not being heavily considered by Disney Channel they just found something that really worked and it would continue to overshadow cartoons to this very day despite the rise of live-action sitcoms some cartoons would eventually arrive and the first was in 2001 with the proud family besides being the first it wasn't anything revolutionary but it was a step in the right direction 2002 was another step forward with Kim Possible this was one of the most successful cartoon shows to air on the channel and it showed some real promise it was an action comedy that experienced and solid success and even had some televised movies but the other cartoons to follow it were met lilo and Stitch the series man brandy & mr. whiskers meth american dragon jake long man dave the barbarian may listen to those of you who are fans of these shows I'm not trying to rain on your parade if you like them cool but to me they don't compare to the cartoons that Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network were offering at the time the only cartoon show that really held Disney Channel's attention for a while was Phineas and Ferb the characters look weird as hell but goddamn the writing for it was brilliant [Music] you're trapped by societal convention look we're a fine dining environment and everyone knows not to throw a scene in a fancy restaurant that's right you're trapped Phineas and Ferb was the most successful car toon show on the network it started in 2007 and just ended in 2015 yeah it might have gone on for a bit too long but it was nice to see Disney Channel give some actual love to an animated property but outside of Phineas and Ferb and Kim Possible there wasn't much to choose from anyway hmm okay well how about Cartoon Network you see what I mean but unlike Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network Disney Channel never really had a strong renaissance for its animated programming yeah the animation studio itself found success with syndicated shows and there were some great cartoons that aired on Disney's one Saturday morning but Disney Channel on its own is somewhat of a wasteland when compared to its competition despite its track record Disney Channel was not beyond hope for fans of animation and finally released some quality cartoons in the early 2010's I feel that I toss around the word Renaissance a lot in my videos the Disney movie Renaissance the Cartoon Network Renaissance the Nickelodeon Renaissance the Renaissance Fair the second Renaissance Disney Channel has never really been able to provide enough quality shows in a row to earn that title until recently I am not sure if it was Cartoon Network success that inspired Disney Channel but they finally provided some good consistent animated programs on their channel and the first to arrive was gravity falls in 2012 I have already made a video about gravity falls which you can watch here but let me tell you this it's easily one of my favorite cartoons of all time created by Alex Hirsch this show had a real story to tell one that was funny fascinating and satisfying like Disney seriously you tease me for two decades and then released this what gives I mean I am NOT complaining if anything keep going and so they did with the premiere of wander over yonder and 2013 this show was created by the legendary Craig McCracken the man behind Powerpuff Girls and Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends he brought his talent over to Disney Channel and worked his magic if there is one thing this show excels at its animation its fluid colorful and the expressions are fantastic and so are the hips for kids the last cartoon to bring up the rear was star versus the forces of evil and 2015 this is a more recent show and I have only watched a few episodes but from what I have seen it's pretty great star is a refreshing female lead and the visuals are rich in color and animation all three of these cartoons are excellent and it was so nice to see Disney Channel try and make some quality animated programs but it was short-lived gravity falls willingly concluded in 2015 and wander over yonder was canceled in 2016 star is still going strong but Disney Channel was never truly its home it was only a preview on the channel and now airs on Disney XD so just like a baby sea turtle hatching on the beach it was over before it even started that metaphor might have been a bit too morbid despite being the forefather of cinematic animation despite having years to create televised animated content despite having the resources to fund projects and despite having the knowledge of knowing that cartoons can work Disney Channel never really did anything with it it practically ignores one of its fundamental roots and went in a completely different direction yeah the studio itself focused elsewhere and created some amazing syndicated shows but those days are long gone so what happened what ruined Disney Channel he said it okay but before we get to that I want to give a shout out to the pixel Empire they sponsored this video and will be helping me roll out some saber spark merchandise in early 2017 but for you eager holiday shoppers there is plenty of other stuff to check out on their website it is a great place to buy posters shirts and phone cases I am a huge fan of their minimalistic designs and will be framing some videogame posters all over my room they even come in bundles so you can save some serious cash you can save even more with my discount code saber spark and get 15% off your purchase combine that with their poster packages and free shipping and you cut yourself quite the deal not enough for you then stick around to the end of this video for a chance to win a $50 gift card no Disney Channel executives you don't get to enter not until you fix your damn channel now I am sure that many of you are thinking sitcoms ruined Disney Channel or that Disney Channel has never been good and truth be told you're not entirely wrong but there are actually a few things that contribute to the unfortunate situation that is Disney Channel one their different TV channels cannibalize each other Disney as a company has multiple channels to air their content ABC freeform Disney Channel Disney XD they took a shotgun approach in the 1980s and the results went everywhere with the end of their syndicated cartoons we were left with Disney Channel and Disney XD 1 was the home for live-action sitcoms while the other became the retirement home for their animated shows this was sad the main channel was barely entertaining the idea of airing cartoons at this point star versus the forces of evil only a preview on Disney Channel wander over yonder was moved from Disney Channel to Disney XD where it suffered a major drop in ratings a drop that I can only imagine led to its cancellation and gravity falls one of the best cartoon shows that I have ever seen well it was removed from Disney Channel after season one and had to air its second season on Disney XD we're just like wander saw a massive decline in viewership I get it I understand that Disney put their animated programs on their animation Channel but why not both why not just air reruns on XD and premiere the episodes on Disney Channel that way it has a better chance of getting views and a higher rating but no Disney XD and Disney Channel have this bizarre relationship where they throw show is back and forth to each other it is confusing and I feel that it heavily impacts the well-being of the cartoons to the rise of live-action comedies it's pretty obvious to tell that Disney Channel's bread-and-butter are at sitcoms that has been the case since the early 2000s and it remains that way to this day now I am NOT saying that these shows are all bad but they definitely get more attention and care than any cartoon show on the channel but that's not saying much Disney figured out the child actor formula early on and got to work it even inspired Nickelodeon to try the same thing but now Disney Channel has tunnel vision if it's not live-action comedy then don't expect them to show much effort and three they are too big to care unlike Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network Disney did not start as a television channel nor is it their lively their main bread and butter has always been with their movies and theme parks and they know it that is why Disney Channel is such an afterthought for them one proof okay so High School Musical one of the most popular properties from the network that made millions of dollars never had a legitimate title for the movie as in the creators and executives could not think of a better name to replace the working title High School Musical I mean is this genius dumb luck or just a company not giving a damn they know where they want to place their focus basically with movies it's disappointing I don't mean the content that they focus on today I'm a huge fan of Star Wars what I find disappointing is that Disney a company that got its start creating cartoons never really identified with it after growing in success also this is a company that should have more than enough resources and talent to spare for a television division Michael Eisner pushed for that in the 1980s and the company found success with it but they never really gave it attention again Eisner wanted Disney to be at the top of its game for every medium and they were able to do it in the 80s and 90s but after the fall of their syndicated cartoons Disney never really bothered to try again there were some shows that popped up here and there but they were few and far between for the most part Disney was content leaving animation behind and forging a future through other means here's the bottom line Disney is a company that should not have dropped the ball this hard they have the talent resources and legacy to create some of the greatest cartoons ever cartoons that could easily rival their competitors but they don't they don't really do anything personally I feel that this dishonours their origin as a stew and as a company they did not have the hindsight to preserve their old cartoons and they lack the foresight to grow new ones I mean hell even Nickelodeon is able to reintroduce its old properties man you know it's bad when I use Nickelodeon as a positive example overall Disney is a company of quality they take excellent care of their old movies new movies and their theme parks but Disney Channel seems to be left out of the equation and animated shows have suffered the most because of it yes I believe that this is due to the company's size and how little they care about television but Disney has gone through changes before and perhaps they can change this for the better for a while Disney's animation studio was struggling to create a successful movie many people believed that Pixar had won the war and that Disney could never recapture its old magic but doubts be damned they are currently in the middle of a revival and have released some of their most successful movies ever and that trend only continues to grow who is to say that the same can't happen to their television animation Department they were able to do it once before and we have seen some promising shows pop up over the years they just need to focus and put some actual effort into rallying their cartoons on their Channel if they can manage that then maybe there's a chance for those who are Christmas shopping or just want some cool stuff go check out the pixel Empire they are a great place to shop for posters shirts phone cases and more use my discount code saber spark and save some money on your next purchase once again thank you all for watching and I'll see you guys next


what's
up
you
guys
I'm
gonna
be
recording
another
bed
Wars
challenge
video
today
as
I
always
do
every
single
day
in
this
challenge
videos
where
have
you
been
for
two
months
mmm
excuse
me
in
this
challenge
video
I'm
the
senior
ace
you
where
have
you
been
right
okay
I
guess
I
gotta
address
this
now
why
have
I
been
gone
give
me
a
sec
hey
guys
I
know
I
haven't
uploaded
in
over
a
month
I've
been
on
vacation
in
Mexico
taking
a
little
break
I
will
say
it
was
a
much-needed
break
but
I
am
back
and
I'm
ready
to
start
making
videos
regularly
again
at
least
once
a
week
possibly
two
times
a
week
Hey
tastes
like
[ __ ]
I'm
gonna
be
straight
with
you
guys
I
was
in
Mexico
for
a
month
I
brought
my
laptop
and
I
was
more
than
capable
of
editing
videos
while
I
was
there
instead
I
spent
my
entire
trip
trying
to
catch
this
stupid
iguana
took
me
28
days
before
I
gave
up
and
found
a
smaller
target
I
caught
one
it
bit
me
then
I
left
Mexico
so
on
top
of
whatever
disease
that
was
it
probably
gave
me
I
look
and
smell
like
someone
who
well
went
to
Mexico
and
hunted
iguanas
for
a
month
thankfully
today's
sponsor
sent
bird
sent
me
some
of
their
clones
to
reverse
the
damage
sent
bird
is
a
monthly
subscription
service
that
lets
you
sample
from
over
600
different
fragrance
brands
a
few
notable
brands
include
Versace
Gucci
and
mercedes-benz
apparently
I
guess
they
make
fragrances
now
point
is
it's
all
very
legit
nothing
but
high-quality
authentic
products
like
this
one
I've
never
heard
of
Tommy
Bahama
maritime
deep
blue
they
all
come
in
this
twisty
case
it's
like
chapstick
but
for
your
wrists
wow
that
smells
exactly
like
if
they
made
me
into
a
fragrance
and
then
developed
the
exact
opposite
of
that
I'm
gonna
need
some
more
of
this
this
this
might
take
some
time
three
weeks
later
thank
goodness
it
sent
me
enough
for
comparison
this
is
the
average
fragrant
sample
you
might
find
in
a
store
no
way
this
tiny
bottle
could
fill
this
bathtub
sin
bird
on
the
other
hand
easily
30
day
supply
burns
like
helmet
much
better
if
you
guys
want
to
smell
like
me
or
the
opposite
of
me
you
can
use
my
link
in
the
description
for
30%
off
your
first
month
of
sunburn
thanks
again
to
them
for
sponsoring
this
video
and
for
sending
me
a
literal
lifetime
supply
of
their
products
now
enjoy
the
video
I'm
sorry
I've
been
gone
what
was
this
video
about
again
oh
right
bad
worst
challenge
so
today
I'm
gonna
be
playing
bed
Wars
twice
at
the
same
time
I
actually
have
two
monitors
but
I
want
to
play
it
on
one
sorry
to
shatter
the
illusion
if
you
thought
these
were
actually
two
monitors
now
to
make
this
a
little
easier
on
me
I
got
a
macro
my
mouse
when
I
press
it
switches
between
Windows
and
before
I
get
band
on
hypixel
for
unfair
advantage
yeah
real
unfair
advantage
here
first
things
first
I
need
to
make
sure
that
I
join
each
game
at
the
same
exact
time
I'm
starting
soon
11
seconds
on
this
one
come
on
the
other
game
won't
start
I
have
to
start
it
at
the
same
time
this
challenge
is
gonna
be
a
nightmare
I
guess
the
twenty
second
difference
is
fair
so
if
one
game
starts
I
got
twenty
seconds
to
start
another
okay
what's
my
strategy
gonna
be
here
first
of
all
it's
pretty
much
impossible
for
both
these
games
to
be
aggressive
so
I'm
gonna
put
this
fatty
in
the
resource
generator
and
he's
just
gonna
sit
there
and
do
nothing
with
his
life
that
should
definitely
lead
to
success
okay
white
doesn't
look
like
he's
gonna
be
a
threat
he
hasn't
covered
his
bed
got
white
I'm
gonna
manage
a
little
bit
on
this
account
to
see
if
anybody's
coming
for
me
is
there
anybody
over
there
okay
blues
doing
his
own
thing
cover
the
bed
real
quick
and
then
I
can
go
back
to
the
other
account
manage
that
so
I
got
four
diamonds
since
this
is
more
offensive
I'm
gonna
get
a
sword
upgrade
here
if
one
of
the
games
ends
quickly
I
have
so
much
better
of
a
chance
winning
the
other
one
hold
on
hold
on
what's
great
doing
what
are
you
doing
great
okay
grace
fine
listen
man
I'm
not
I'm
not
coming
for
you
I'm
not
coming
to
kill
you
I'm
just
coming
to
say
hi
is
going
up
and
over
no
you're
gonna
die
at
least
take
out
the
other
person
get
another
TNT
[ __ ]
sake
well
guess
this
is
going
on
my
bed
not
a
terrible
defense
idea
actually
at
this
point
it
hit
me
towards
your
bed
yeah
thank
you
yeah
do
that
exactly
that
you're
awesome
one
trade
beds
probably
a
bad
idea
for
me
at
this
point
but
there's
only
a
couple
of
people
left
if
I
break
his
bed
and
he
breaks
mines
and
there's
only
one
guy
left
with
a
bed
this
game
has
so
many
people
only
two
people
have
died
yes
red
come
help
me
flank
this
dude
red
fell
on
the
void
that's
not
great
oh
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
I
gotta
restart
now
I
have
a
feeling
this
is
gonna
be
a
trend
what
if
I
go
to
maps
it
like
everybody
hates
I
could
potentially
get
some
bad
players
rooftop
I
think
people
hate
that
ones
about
to
start
that's
seven
out
of
eight
people
one
more
over
here
oh
my
god
are
you
serious
okay
I'm
gonna
try
a
different
one
random
that's
too
hard
to
get
my
pick
of
the
map
that
I
want
okay
once
again
I
think
I'm
gonna
try
like
an
offensive
one
and
a
defensive
one
let's
get
this
guy
in
the
grinder
this
dude
over
here
I
think
I'm
gonna
head
to
the
diamond
island
maybe
I
don't
know
if
it's
a
good
idea
to
maybe
head
to
mid
get
like
obsidian
instead
of
diamonds
diamonds
and
you
buddy
over
here
doing
anything
no
good
no
rushers
just
always
rushers
white
coming
to
the
diamond
island
so
i'm
gonna
have
to
fight
white
at
some
point
nobody's
rushing
here
either
that's
really
good
armor
coming
what's
white
doing
how
he
fell
okay
this
is
incredibly
stressful
lightly
cover
the
bed
here
oh
why
it's
not
even
on
this
is
gonna
make
is
really
helpful
to
resource
generators
on
this
one
okay
I'm
gonna
do
some
maintenance
on
here
let's
get
blast-proof
glass
and
maybe
some
wood
nobody's
rushing
still
everybody's
alive
okay
back
to
here
more
blocks
it's
hard
to
keep
track
of
what
to
buy
on
each
one
isn't
it's
like
I'll
buy
some
wool
you
already
have
like
two
stacks
of
it
because
you
bought
it
on
the
other
one
I
go
to
mid
it's
up
risky
I
like
bringing
a
path
to
my
base
I
don't
know
might
not
be
a
terrible
idea
to
get
diamonds
over
here
actually
never
mind
very
bad
idea
I
think
has
a
bridge
over
there
it's
gonna
be
an
iron
sword
okay
somebody
attacks
right
back
here
iron
armor
boom
last
proof
glass
again
maybe
I'll
layer
it
yeah
I
put
one
layer
on
top
like
that
and
then
one
way
or
on
top
of
that
rate
just
died
blue
is
now
connected
to
grey
which
is
connected
to
me
only
one
person
has
died
on
the
other
one
this
is
a
good
ratio
because
the
other
one
is
more
defensive
this
one's
more
offensive
I
want
this
game
to
end
very
quickly
this
first
one
here
[ __ ]
lose
coming
I
knew
blue
gonna
come
oh
[ __ ]
well
that's
not
good
this
is
really
bad
Lu's
probably
not
gonna
get
my
bed
I'd
be
surprised
to
be
dead
and
he
got
my
bed
this
is
not
good
at
all
jump
off
the
edge
jump
off
the
it
is
over
dude
come
here
we
still
have
a
chance
there's
two
more
dudes
left
both
with
beds
so
I'm
gonna
need
some
tools
and
bless
and
:
apples
and
maybe
a
heal
pool
how
is
nobody
attacked
me
on
this
one
yet
I
need
to
get
iron
armor
because
some
fireballs
maybe
I
guess
that's
a
good
defense
my
head
is
just
whipping
back
and
forth
between
the
two
screams
pink
are
they
alive
yes
they
are
aqua
still
what
the
what
is
aqua
doing
I
was
not
meant
to
be
like
offensive
on
this
account
that
can't
think
of
anything
better
to
do
at
the
moment
die
good
luck
oh
I
had
no
idea
what
he
was
doing
right
not
here
I
can
get
an
iron
sword
hopefully
blues
attacking
somebody
else
I'm
just
gonna
quickly
get
all
these
emeralds
if
you
guys
don't
mind
to
4600
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[Music]
well
this
game
doesn't
matter
anymore
do
I
want
to
even
try
and
win
this
I
can
win
this
game
I
can
prove
at
least
that
I
can
win
a
game
I'll
give
me
a
little
bit
more
hope
for
this
challenge
ouch
God
you
do
damage
okay
well
I
won
at
least
one
of
the
games
that
I
started
the
other
one
I
got
like
no
progress
on
no
[ __ ]
I
just
realize
at
10
seconds
to
start
a
game
17
seconds
oh
that's
that's
a
game
that
I'm
also
in
wait
with
that
count
can
I
win
the
challenge
doing
that
no
I
couldn't
because
I
couldn't
win
both
of
them
all
right
back
to
it
random
out
start
missing
I
don't
know
this
map
well
that'll
do
it
it's
uh
nature
ok
I'm
starting
come
on
don't
leave
I'm
leaving
in
seconds
yes
I
did
it
okay
nobody
believes
on
the
other
one
yep
lovely
I
can't
even
get
one
of
them
to
start
random
map
let's
go
five
and
high
waterfall
might
not
be
a
great
map
but
we
can't
be
too
picky
with
these
here
we
go
okay
we're
both
starting
like
around
the
same
time
you
gotta
quit
I
gotta
leave
just
it
back
and
forth
stop
doing
this
to
me
you're
playing
with
my
emotions
here
there
we
go
come
on
please
no
no
yes
okay
no
I
was
coming
for
me
already
and
I
meet
the
middle
with
our
pathways
here
goodbye
your
bed
as
well
there's
a
lot
of
people
dead
on
this
one
already
okay
what's
going
on
over
here
I
needed
to
fit
in
my
bed
nobody's
rushing
I'm
gonna
go
for
this
diamond
island
it
seems
pretty
safe
oh
oh
that's
not
gonna
be
great
for
the
challenge
yeah
definitely
an
issue
unless
your
hacks
prevent
you
from
hitting
me
yeah
keep
doing
that
keep
keep
keep
up
with
those
hacks
mr.
green
boy
that
turn
on
those
hacks
that
prevent
you
from
hitting
me
please
that
was
my
favorite
hack
of
all
time
watchdog
report
optional
he's
cheating
he's
sy
killer
auto
clicker
whatever
submit
report
it's
all
of
the
above
no
I'm
not
afk
and
somebody's
attacking
my
base
on
the
other
one
come
on
come
on
I
got
a
this
is
bad
timing
for
both
of
these
things
to
happen
I
kill
his
hacker
let's
see
you
get
banned
[ __ ]
okay
I
can't
I
can't
do
this
I'm
gonna
try
something
else
okay
after
doing
some
thinking
I
came
up
with
something
I
think
might
work
I
might
have
found
the
solution
to
all
of
our
problems
first
problem
trying
to
get
a
game
to
start
at
the
same
time
problem
to
is
trying
to
manage
both
games
at
the
same
time
and
the
perfect
solution
to
solving
those
issues
is
not
playing
solo
but
doubles
instead
party
the
original
ace
join
the
party
doubles
map
selector
we
actually
get
our
choice
of
the
map
now
both
games
starting
at
the
exact
same
time
perfect
so
yeah
guys
I
just
got
a
win
on
both
accounts
at
the
same
time
it
shouldn't
be
too
difficult
said
definitely
what
the
challenge
was
meant
to
be
so
what
this
accounts
gonna
play
defense
and
this
one's
gonna
play
offense
because
Gerry
is
an
absolute
boss
there
you
go
Gerry
try
to
help
you
out
a
little
bit
with
resources
on
this
challenge
just
got
a
lot
easier
I
don't
know
what
it
is
something
about
playing
now
it
doesn't
seem
too
bad
it's
that
grab
your
bed
real
quick
and
out
of
here
was
a
one-man
team
good
thing
I
have
two
players
on
my
team
oh
there's
somebody
coming
to
our
base
I
checked
the
other
account
oh
wait
it's
just
me
coming
to
my
own
base
let's
give
our
teammates
and
resources
it
looks
like
you
need
some
thank
you
so
much
I
appreciate
it
man
greenie
it's
like
we're
brothers
from
the
same
mother
and
the
exact
same
DNA
yellow
has
a
diamond
armor
which
means
they
more
than
likely
don't
have
obsidian
no
don't
get
a
fk'd
I
got
one
of
them
wait
wait
what
excuse
me
who
was
here
wait
why
did
I
just
use
the
resources
on
the
other
account
you
know
what
this
one
is
the
offensive
account
now
we
have
one
more
bed
left
to
take
out
we
could
actually
do
this
one
of
them
dies
at
least
we
have
the
other
account
[ __ ]
don't
afk
no
no
no
that
was
my
hope
okay
this
is
it
guys
red
is
not
at
their
base
cuz
they
just
killed
pink
we
can
get
them
don't
void
just
don't
void
it
don't
see
me
coming
don't
void
don't
be
behind
me
somehow
got
the
bed
this
is
good
this
is
really
good
yes
okay
it's
coming
down
to
it
to
be
one
technically
grab
a
bunch
of
fireballs
hopefully
we
can
find
somebody
on
bridge
somewhere
come
on
come
on
off
the
edge
no
no
oh
so
close
okay
one
more
shot
one
more
shot
this
is
bad
this
is
so
bad
we
only
have
one
shot
to
do
this
guy's
no
no
no
[ __ ]
okay
back
to
the
drawing
board
right
guys
we're
just
doing
the
same
same
sort
of
thing
and
as
soon
as
we
always
did
oh
hey
it's
gamer
boy
Eddie
might
have
to
try
extra
hard
this
game
oh
nice
a
couple
of
people
are
disconnecting
well
some
people
are
just
connecting
over
here
too
must
be
yeah
must
be
scared
hey
cool
everybody
disconnected
on
both
accounts
yeah
thanks
for
watching
everybody
I
was
a
super
easy
challenge
let
me
know
what
you
want
me
to
do
next
time
[Music]


this video is made possible by Skillshare premium memberships begin at around $10 a month but for the first 200 people to sign up with the link in the description you can get two months of Skillshare for free if you are stuck on the ground hemmed in by enemy forces there is no sweeter sound than an a-10 warthog approaching and if you're the intended target that sound quickly leads to feelings of fear from the menacing turbofan engine whine as it comes in close to the racket of its massive gun laying down a blanket of lead there is no question it is there to destroy and with its long loiter times it can keep coming back until the job is done if you think of the warthog as a giant machine gun cannon with wings and then add some armor multiple armaments and a sprinkling of redundant systems then you begin to understand its true purpose and the breadth of its capabilities soft targets tanks air defense systems booby trap buildings it doesn't matter the a-10 can eat them for breakfast and be home in time for lunch and despite the airforce brass trying to take the a-10 out of the air on several occasions the Army has fought equally hard to keep it flying and has exceeded more than once and the Air Force 810 pilots are big fans too they like coming home just as much as the guys on the ground do after 40 years of being part of the army in 1947 the Air Force became its own branch of the US military and after the Korean War the so-called nuclear mission became one of the air forces driving tenants they felt Wars would be won from the skies as interceptors or in delivering nuclear weapons thus close air support was somewhat neglected despite Soviet tanks still posing a threat but fast forward a few years and the Vietnam War was a wake-up call using piston-powered prop-driven planes like the a-1 skyraider just wasn't cutting it when it came to close air support and as of 1966 the army agreed to give up most of its fixed-wing aircraft and the air force its rotary wing aircraft given this neglect the army came up with their own and for close air support their answer was found in the aah 56 Cheyenne helicopter prototype but due to a slew of technical political and cost issues the program was eventually cancelled ultimately the a-10 was chosen in part due to the air force's desire to grab a larger budget albeit too late to see service in Vietnam the Air Force a10 came in at a relatively low cost and was excellent at destroying ground targets had long loiter times great survivability and provided precise firepower and before we go too much further what is close air support according to a joint publication by the DoD in part it defines it this way close air support is air action by fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets that are in close proximity to friendly forces and requires detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces in other words aircraft in the sky helping forces on the ground in a coordinated way although the a-10 officially went into service in 1976 it had a rocky start with a crash in 1977 at the Paris Air Show and in 1978 during an ammunition certification test at Edwards Air Force Base but it went on to have numerous successes during the 1990s and 2000s and still the Air Force brass really wanted them out and the a-10 continues even today to be put on the chopping block more on that in a bit the Fairchild Republic a-10 Thunderbolt 2 is also known as the a-10 warthog or just the hog and gets its nickname from all its bumps and protrusions its ability to take out armored vehicles also earns at the moniker of the tank buster it is really a giant gun first and a highly survivable plane second which is why it is also known as the flying gun the designers of the a-10 borrowed not just from the a-1 skyraider experiences but also sought out input from Hans rudl a highly decorated German World War two Stuka pilot that flew over 2300 ground attack missions and claimed the destruction of over 500 tanks it is powered by two GE TF 34 turbo fans providing over 9000 pound-feet of thrust each with a top speed of 439 miles per hour an unusual feature is that many of the aircraft's parts are interchangeable between the left and right size including the engines main landing gear and vertical stabilizers the aircraft is designed to be able to fly with one engine one-half of the tail one elevator and half of a wing missing because of the large area straight wings it is stable it has excellent lift and low speed maneuverability and is able to perform short takeoff and landing the titanium armored bathtub under the cockpit can handle up to 23 millimeter anti-aircraft fire and sets a standard when it comes to survivability as does the triple redundant flight controls the fuel is safely stored in the fuselage away from the engines and the fuel tanks also have built-in fire suppression it has three radios that can communicate with troops on the ground other aircraft and with JTAC an a-10 is relatively easy and cheap to maintain at 19,000 dollars per flight hour one of the cheapest in the Air Force inventory now let's talk about the heart of the a-10 the gau-8/a avenger Gatling style autocannon often known as just the gun the gau-8 is a whopping 19 and a half feet long weighs 4,000 pounds and is capable of 3900 rounds per minute the accuracy of this behemoth is impressive and is able to place 80% of its shots within a 40 foot circle while in flight at 4,000 feet and because the guns recoil is so massive it has to be mounted off-center to ensure the recoil forces are properly balanced this lends to its accuracy and also allow space for the front landing gear it fires 30 by 173 millimeter shells and its ammunition drum can hold over 1,100 rounds it can use target practice rounds high-explosive rounds and armor-piercing incendiary 's and although the gun is estimate to cost north of $150,000 a rough estimate shows that firing just a single drum of the relatively cheap target practice rounds cost around $20,000 the ordnance capabilities are quite flexible with 11 hard points on its undercarriage it can carry air-to-air missiles sensors flares rockets air-to-surface missiles bombs and rocket pods for instance it can fly at very low altitudes and in low visibility weather and can fire something like white phosphorous rockets to establish both friendly and enemy positions by radio comms with troops on the ground helping to avoid friendly fire don't forget to check out our new channel two-bit history where we delve into fascinating untold stories about companies people machines and more so what about those success stories amidst turmoil in the Middle East the Air Force felt the f-15e and f-16 could handle close air support but army general Norman Schwarzkopf stepped in and mandated the use of the a-10 and shortly thereafter in 1991 during the first Gulf War the a-10 showed its tough it had quick rhea tack times and destroyed more Scud launchers than any other aircraft there were many air defense systems that were missed by the f-15e and f-16 and so the a-10 was brought in to do the job in the end over 8,000 missions were flown with 900 Iraqi tanks taken out and 300 armored personnel carriers and artillery sites also destroyed in 1999 during the Balkan wars in Serbia a-10s helped in a rescue effort of a downed f-117 pilot by creating a decoy to draw missile launchers away from the helicopters that were then able to successfully complete the rescue mission and bring that pilot home and in 2003 during Operation Iraqi Freedom Kim Campbell was called in to take out enemy positions with her a 10 and sustained heavy enemy fire both her primary and secondary hydraulic systems were rendered inoperable so as she started to spiral downwards she switched to manual reversion mode which uses mechanical cables and pulleys to control the plane this allowed her to get out of immediate danger and start home at some point objecting over open ground was definitely an option but this badass pilot decided instead to try and land the plane and land it she did photos of the aftermath are truly stunning and yet this bird did the job and was brought home safely you don't have to look far to find rabid passion and love for the hog not just amongst military aviation enthusiasts but the pilots who fly these magnificent beasts and the men and women on the ground who rely on them it is reliable it is inexpensive to maintain it is mighty powerful and it stands alone as a purpose-built tool that has proven it can save lives and more yes the a-10 warthog has earned its place as one of the most special military aircraft of past present or future although attempts to kill the a-10 have failed thus far the end of the a-10 is inevitable so if you love this plane get out there and try to see one fly or lay down some lead maybe you can even get inside one if you know somebody and if you are that somebody send us a message we would love to see one up close and if you can't create some 3d animations of your own like we did with blender a free 3d software suite that we've gotten up to speed on quickly thanks to great teachers on Skillshare like Oliver Villar but visuals are only part of the equation as youtubers we are all constantly trying to up our game when it comes to video editing animation audio recording storytelling and more when we started out there was a pretty steep learning curve with all these different tools and if we knew Skillshare existed it would have made our lives so much easier and that's where skill share can level the playing field skill share is great for those of you who want to make your passion a full-time job giving you all the tools you need to get up to speed quickly premium memberships begin at around $10 a month but for the first 200 people to sign up with the link in the description you can get two months of skill share for free [Music] [Applause]


this episode is brought to you by upstart hey wisecrack Jared again today we're returning to the underwater city of Rapture to talk about one of the most widely discussed video game franchises in recent memory Bioshock of course longtime viewers will remember that we covered the philosophy of Bioshock 1 and BioShock Infinite in the first-ever wisecrack edition over 4 years ago but you guys were pretty quick to point out that we made a purposeful but glaring omission in that video so today we're finally gonna go back and address the often forgotten frequently maligned middle child of the Bioshock franchise Bioshock 2 at the time of its released Bioshock 2 was noted for lacking the involvement of the series creator Ian Levine in a 2010 interview Levine said that he and his team at irrational games passed on developing the sequel because they wanted to avoid repeating themselves we're always trying to challenge ourselves we felt we had said what we wanted to say about rapture about those kinds of environments and that kind of feel despite this intimation from Levine that Bioshock 2 is a bit of a rehash of the original there's still a contingent of fans out there who remain steadfast in their belief that this is a great game praising it for its improved mechanics and the spin it puts on the themes of Bioshock 1 so now that we've had nearly a decade of distance from this potentially disappointing sequel let's revisit Bioshock 2 and evaluate whether it was as successful as some people seem to think whether reach the same intellectual heights as the franchise's first installment whether it's deep or dumb welcome this wisecrack addition on Bioshock 2 and as always spoilers ahead but before we get to it I want to give a shout out to our sponsors over at upstart they are the leading marketplace for providing personal loans if you have a history of credit card debt getting into debt is really easy and getting out is hard especially if your FICO score isn't great rather than focusing only on your FICO score upstart rewards you based on your education and job history in the form of a smarter interest rate they also make it fast simple and easy to check your rate in just a few minutes without affecting your credit score when a loan is approved most people get funds the very next day over 200,000 people have used up star to pay off credit cards student loans from their wedding and make other large purchases so free yourself from the burden of high interest credit card debt by consolidating everything into one monthly payment with upstart they believe you are more than just your credit score see why upstart is ranked to number one in their category out of 300 other companies on Trustpilot go to upstart comm slash wisecrack to find out how low your up start rate is it takes a few minutes and won't affect your credit and now back to the show alright first things first let's do a little recap in BioShock 2 you play as Delta a prototype of a big Daddy living in Andrew Ryan's underwater utopia of rapture like all big daddies you were tasked with protecting a little sister and in the case of Delta that little sister's name was Eleanor in the game's prologue Elinor's snatched away from you by the main antagonist dr. Sophia Lamb who then uses mind-control to force you to commit suicide ten years later you emerge from a vita chamber having been miraculously resurrected you are then led through the crumbling city of Rapture with the aid of Elinor's telepathic messages and a little help from some unlikely allies your mission is to find Eleanor and save her from the sinisterly soft-spoken Sophia Liam who by the way is Eleanor's mother pretty soon you learned that dr. lamb was once a celebrated psychologist in the heyday of rapture but after Andrew Ryan's death in the first Bioshock she transformed Ryan's failed Objectivist utopia into a utilitarian collectivist hellscape lamb has manipulated the poorest most disenfranchised citizens of rapture through propaganda and plasmon addiction to be fiercely loyal to her and the rest of the rapture family what's more the family defies Elinor as the first true utopian because lamb has been pumping her full of Adam in an attempt to create a completely selfless completely altruistic being lambs followers paper the walls of the city with iconography representing her in Eleanor that states we will be reborn she is our Savior as you make your way to lambs hideout you encounter her various allies who you can choose to kill or spare depending on how generous you're feeling or how obnoxious their repeated dialog is okay so dead men tell no tales right wrong see with Adam involved every stiffs got a story there's also a new class of enemies called Big Sisters which are more sprightly acrobatic versions of the Big Daddies that haunt raptures halls there's still the same Little Sisters mechanic from the first game which forces you to choose between saving the yellow dyed innocents or zapping them for their precious atom as always the choices you make determine what kind of ending you'll get either good bad or neutral that's pretty much it you explore the city blasting splicers in an attempt to rescue your surrogate daughter from the clutches of her evil mother but Bioshock has never just been a first-person shooter the game set themselves apart from others in the genre with their rich world building expertly paced story telling and use of philosophical text to explore deeper themes but just how deep can Bioshock 2 get when it's starting at the bottom of the ocean part 1 the triumphant lamb we worship in its depictions of the cultish rapture family and their fanatical worship of Sophia and Eleanor Lamb a reason to draw Bioshock 2 offers some pretty decent commentary on the dangers of religious zealotry whereas the first game poked holes and iran's objectivism by showing the natural conclusion of a utopia built on radical self-interest Bioshock 2 flips the script by presenting a criticism of blind to selfless devotion to a higher cause while these two ideologies may seem at odds with one another especially given that atheism is a central tenet of Objectivism the game takes great pains to show that they might have more in common than one might think the people of rapture lost and leaderless following the civil war between Ryan and Fontaine and the death of both characters at the end of Bioshock 1 our seduced by lambs philosophy and begin joining the rapture family in droves a skilled psychologist plays into their anger at the system that failed them and promises them something greater through these new beliefs these people many of whom struggled to feed themselves in Ryan's utopia are now willing to throw their lives away at Lambs word we've seen this kind of gsella tree throughout history both religiously and politically as people have thrown away their lives or political freedoms in the name of a higher cause Lambs targeting of the most poverty stricken members of the population is more of a direct allusion to early Christianity which flourished in the Roman Empire because of the church leaders willingness to preach to and incorporate the lowest members of society the fact that the word lamb is often used to refer to Jesus Christ is no more an accident than Andrew Ryan's name being a clumsy anagram of ein R and this mirroring of religious methodology is plainly obvious in the character father Simon Wales once a downtrodden citizen of raptures poorest neighborhood Wales is energized by lambs philosophy and converts it into simple religious doctrine that even the most Adam corrupted splicer can understand the senseless death of Wales and his many followers underscores the danger posed by a complete surrender of the self this is the antithesis of the first games message which focus on the danger of complete and total self-interest Bioshock 2's argument appears to be that things on the flipside can be just as bad much like how the terror universe sequence in BioShock Infinite depicts the populist Vox Populi freedom fighters ruling over Columbia with the same authoritarian violence as Comstock it's a cynical take to say the least but at least it's coherent and a good reminder to occasionally criticize your own actions instead of giving yourself over to blind faith for that reason we're gonna give this aspect of the game a deep ok so bioshock 2 does a nice job criticizing overzealous devotion to lambs philosophy but what exactly is her philosophy part two when the greater good goes bad in the same way that Andrew Ryan was a physical embodiment of iron Rams Objectivist philosophy Sophia lamb is an amalgamation of a number of different utilitarian thinkers most notably John Stuart Mill mill was a British philosopher born in 1806 who was seen by many as the direct successor to Jeremy Bentham the father of utilitarian ethics in his book aptly titled utilitarianism Mill provides a summary explanation and defense of his philosophy founded on the greatest happiness principle which states that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness in other words what is good is what creates the most happiness for the most people this brand of morality is under the umbrella of consequentialist ethics meaning that when it comes to determining the morality of an action the ends justify the means Rand's version of rational egoism is also a consequentialist theory but where Rand believes each person should act in their own self-interest for their own happiness utilitarians favor lessening the focus on the self and prioritizing the happiness of everyone instead this line of thinking would certainly appeal to someone like Sophia Lamb who has convinced herself that turning Eleanor into an egoless Adam repository would be the ultimate dissolution of the self and usher in a new utopia and like any good consequentialist she seems hell-bent on accomplishing this goal by any means necessary the city is nothing rapture must die so that Elinor may rise from its body all her actions throughout the game the confinement of Elinor the kidnapping of young girls to make into little sisters the careless manipulation of splicers are all done in the name of a future greater good still it's pretty hard to argue that lambs actions are promoting happiness or hindering suffering across the board throughout your entire stay in the city of Rapture the only person who seems to be having a good is that damn clown and if lamb is really meant to be a student of Mills philosophy she maybe should have paid a little closer attention to the text in his essay on Liberty mill very clearly states that the soul end for which mankind are warranted individually or collectively in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number is self-protection that the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community against his will is to prevent harm to others basically the ends don't justify the means if it requires hurting people practically the entire action of the game is set around members of lambs collective attempting to do harm to Delta through a series of surprise attacks the argument could be made that by attempting to free Eleonora Delta is doing harm to the rapture family and they're only acting in self-defense but that argument is about as airtight as Dionysius Park ultimately lamb talks a big game about her utilitarian collectivist beliefs but falls well short of actually being a utilitarian her book unity and metamorphosis excerpts of which are heard throughout the game asserts the evolution of the human race is leading to a death of the South a complete loss of ego and subsequently the end of tyranny but in practice lamb is acting like a selfish tyrant she performs dangerous experiments on her own daughter I'm alive I've seen enough to be curious about the son she turns young girls and men into little sisters and Big Daddies against their will she kills anybody who attempts to leave rapture all so she can be proven right in her beliefs and creates some hypothesized atom fueled God she would consider this to be the ultimate death of the self but for anyone besides her there doesn't seem to be much utility in it in the character of dr. Sophie lamb Bioshock 2 attempted to create a philosophical villain that believed in everything Andrew Ryan despised and still managed to be evil unfortunately it's difficult to make a truly selfless charitable collectivist perform acts of villainy without seeming incoherent if their philosophy is about selflessness but they're on some kind of egotistical power trip then you can see how that might criticize the power trip more than the philosophy itself so we're gonna have to give this section a dumb however if you're going to argue that the game is less criticizing the actual philosophy like in BioShock one and more criticizing how these philosophies are poorly implemented by tyrants we could see how one might call it deep unfortunately for Sophia lamb the inconsistency between her beliefs and actions is only one of her problems the other is where she lives part three haven't we been here before by placing the events of Bioshock 2 in the same location as Bioshock 1 the philosophy and actions of people like Sophia lamb are immediately placed in the context of Ryan's world maybe playing as a different character but the story is a continuation of the first game in every sense of the word so much so that it's difficult to avoid picking up audio Diaries from familiar old characters filling in unnecessary plot points the game is riddled with superfluous winks and nods to stuff from Bioshock 1 making this feel more like DLC than a sequel and because of this the villains of Bioshock 2 are never given a chance to breathe in the first Bioshock we're given glimpses of Ryan's utopia at its peak we're shown the potential of his lofty dream which is what makes the crumbly reality of it hit that much harder the criticism of Objectivism is more biting because we see the fallout from these beliefs in Bioshock 2 the new utopia never gets off the ground because things have already gone to hell lamb and her followers are attempting to rise from the ashes but they can't shake off Ryan's ghost lamb presented her philosophy as an alternative to Ryan's but her utilitarianism or a narco collectivism or whatever you want to call it never manifest it in the same way that Ryan's magical City at the bottom of the ocean did and in the end the result was the same anyway in fighting destruction death in a one-way trip in a bathysphere to the surface it's hard to effectively poke holes in a new ideology when the player is still inhabiting a world ruined by the previous one and when the presence of said ideology is only in the antagonist words not in her actions Bioshock is a franchise is about how the lofty ambitions of men are doomed to fail because of inherent personal flaws but in Bioshock 2 those lofty ambitions amount to some vague talk about how a young woman is going to be turned into a utopia if I'm right Ella knows momma's use an atom to force all raptures minds and memories into the poor girl lamb reckons it'll make that child a saint so you're left trudging through a city you've already trudged through all for the sake of saving your daughter who isn't even really your daughter oddly enough that's also one of the best things you can say about Bioshock 2 it's trying to tell a personal emotional story a story about a Big Daddy and a little sister a story that's either about redemption or loss of innocence depending on how you play for some people that's enough and for that reason we'll settle on giving Bioshock 2 a rating of kinda deep sure the criticism of the philosophical ideologies is pretty toothless but it has some interesting things to say about the inherent value of the self and the power of caring about someone rather than the vague notion of everyone but what do you guys think is Bioshock 2 a fitting sequel to one of the most revered games of all time let us know what you think in the comments thanks to all our patrons who support the channel and our podcasts don't forget to hit that subscribe button and before you go I want to give another shout-out to upstart they reward you based on your education and job history in the form of a smarter interest rate see why upstart is ranked number one in their category of over 300 businesses on Trustpilot go to upstart comm slash wisecrack to find out how low your upstart rate is checking your rate only takes a few minutes and it won't affect your credit thanks for watching guys peace [Music] [Applause]


this episode of real engineering is brought to you by brilliant a problem solving website that teaches you to think like an engineer Tesla has grown rapidly over the past decade when it became the first American automotive company to go public since Ford in 1956 the attraction towards Tesla is undeniable their cars are slick their acceleration is insane and perhaps most importantly their brand represents a movement towards renewable energy Tesla has attracted thousands of well-intentioned people who want to play their part in saving the world but there have been niggling questions on the minds of many Eevee owners and Eevee naysayers when is that expensive battery going to need to be replaced and at what cost as existing Tesla's begin to age and more exotic and demanding models of Tesla's come to the fore like the Tesla truck and roadster - these issues are going to become more prominent these batteries do not come cheap but they are getting cheaper this chart shows the cost per kilowatt hour for Tesla's power packs and the market average boat dropping dramatically as technologies advanced and manufacturing volumes increased but that storage capacity slowly creeps away as the battery is used slowly degrading the range of your electric vehicle Tesla currently offers a warranty to all model 3 owners that covered below 8 years or 160 thousand kilometers whichever comes first guaranteeing a retention of capacity of at least 70% when used under normal use if it falls below that they will replace your battery for free finding out what is considered normal use is pretty difficult but they seem to be reasonable with it going by customer satisfaction reports from our graph earlier it's estimated that Tesla is achieving a cost of 150 dollars per kilowatt hour of battery packs so the 50 kilowatt hour battery pack of the base model would cost around $7,500 to replace so they must be pretty confident on those numbers as a massive recall of the approximately 193,000 model 3 is currently shipped Woodrum Tesla ultimately these batteries are unlikely to drop below the warranties guarantee in those 160,000 kilometers but even so improving batteries is obviously just a wise business decision to retain those customers in future this is just one of a myriad of factors that influence Tesla's recent landmark acquisition of Maxwell technologies for two hundred and eighteen million dollars a rare Tesla acquisition that sets Tesla up for not just cheaper batteries but better batteries that will be lighter have greater range and live a longer life it wouldn't be the first time an automotive company underestimated their battery degradation when the Nissan Leaf debuted in 2010 the battery production they needed simply did not exist and neither did the technical expertise required to design battery packs in those days lithium-ion batteries cost about $400 per kilowatt hour for laptop grade batteries and up to $1,000 per kilowatt hour for the ones with the longevity needed for an electric vehicle to minimize cost Nissan decided to start production of their own batteries and opted for a small 24 kilowatt hour of battery giving it a range of just over 100 kilometers suitable for city driving and that's about it but customers soon realized that this paltry range was dwindling quickly but just one to two years of driving Dilys battery capacity was dropping up to twenty seven point five percent under normal use despite careful in-house testing Nissan overlooked some crucial test conditions when developing their battery and because of this they made some crucial design errors to learn why this degradation happens we first need to understand how lithium-ion batteries work a lithium-ion battery like all batteries contains a positive electrode the anode and a negative electrode the cathode separated by an electrolyte batteries power devices by transporting positively charged ions between the anode and cathode creating an electric potential between the two sides of the battery and forcing electrons to travel through the device it is powering to equalize the electric potential critically this process is reversible for lithium ion batteries as the lithium ions are held loosely sitting in two spaces in the a No and cathodes crystal structure this is called intercalation so when the opposite electric potential is applied to the battery it will force the lithium ions to transport back across the electrolyte bridge and lodge themselves in the anode once again this process determines a huge amount of the energy storage capabilities of the battery lithium is a fantastic material for batteries with an atomic number of three it is the third lightest element and the lightest of the metals allowing its ions to provide fantastic energy to weight characteristics for an e battery but the energy capacity of the battery is not determined by this it is determined by how many lithium ions can fit into these spaces in the anode and cathode for example the graphite anode requires six carbon atoms to store a single lithium ion to form this molecule this gives a theoretical maximum battery capacity of 372 milliamp hours per gram silicon however can do better a single silicon atom can bind 4.4 lithium ions giving it a theoretical maximum battery capacity of 4200 milliamp hours per gram this seems great and can provide increases in battery capacity but it also comes with drawbacks as those 4.4 lithium ions lodging themselves into the silicon crystal lattice causes a volume expansion of 400% when charging from empty to full this expansion creates stress within the battery that damages the anode material that will eventually destroy the battery's capacity over repeated cycles battery designers are constantly looking for ways to maximize this energy density of their batteries while not sacrificing longevity of the battery so what exactly is being damaged in the batteries that causes them to slowly wither away when researchers began investigating what caused the Nissan Leafs rapid battery degradation they began by opening the battery and unrolling the battery's contents they found that the electrode coatings had become coarse over their life clearly a non-reversible reaction was occurring within the cell but the change was expected in fact the chemical process that caused it is vital to the operation of battery when a battery is charged for the very first time a chemical reaction occurs at the electrolyte electrode interface where electrons and ions combine this causes the formation of a new layer between the electrode and electrolyte called the solid electrolyte interface the name is exactly what it suggests it's a layer formed by the liquid electrolytes reacting with electrons to form a solid layer thankfully this layer is permeable to ions but not electrons so it initially forms a protective layer over the electrode that allows ions to enter and insert themselves via interpolation but it is impermeable to electrons preventing further reaction with the electrolyte at least that's the idea under normal conditions the problem is under certain conditions this layer can grow beyond just a thin layer of protective coating and result in the permanent lodgement of the lithium that provides the battery with its energy storage this process is not entirely well understood and is outside the scope of this video but we can identify some of the factors that increase the rate of this formation the expansion of the silicon electrode battery we mentioned earlier causes the fracture of the SEI layer exposing fresh layers of electrode to react with the electrolytes the charging rate and temperature can also accelerate the thickening of this layer NASA performed their own in-depth study of this effect and released a report in 2008 titled guidelines on lithium ion battery use in space applications sharing their findings the temperature that the battery is charged and discharged at plays a massive role in the battery's performance lowering the temperature lowers chemical activity but this is a double-edged sword lowering the chemical activity negatively affects the battery's ability to store energy which is why batteries have lower ranges in cold countries but lowering the chemical activity also decreases the formation rate of that sei layer this is one of the reasons the Nissan Leaf battery lost a huge amount of capacity over just two years in many countries Nessun performed most of its testing in stable laboratory conditions not over a range of possible temperatures because of this they failed to realize the disastrous effect temperature would have on the life of the battery and failed to include thermal management system which is commonplace in anni Tesla and this of course reduces the energy density of the battery adding tubing the glycol needed to exchange heat along with the heat pumps and valves needed to make a thermal management system not only adds weight but it draws energy from the battery to operate boss it plays a vital part in maintaining the performance of the battery in essence choice to not include a thermal management system even in the 2019 version make sitting poor choice for anyone living in anything but a temperate climate of course just cycling the battery through its charged and discharged states is one of the biggest factors integrating the battery every time you cycle the battery you are giving the sei layer opportunities to grow minimizing the number of times a cell if cycled will increase its life and maintaining an ideal charge and discharge voltage of about 4 volts minimizes any resistive heating that may cause an increase in chemical activity this is where Maxwell Technologies comes into play Maxwell has two primary technologies that Tesla will be taking advantage of the first is what Maxwell are known for their ultra capacitors ultra capacitors serve the same fundamental job as batteries to store energy but they function in an entirely different way and are used for entirely different purposes the fundamental difference between a capacitor and a battery is that a battery stores energy through chemical reactions as we saw for lithium ion batteries earlier this is done through insertion into the crystal lattice capacitors instead store their energy by ions clinging onto the surface of the electrode this is a standard ultracapacitor schematic on each side we have an aluminium current collector with thin graphite electrodes on each separated by an electrolyte and an insulating separator to prevent the passage of electrons in an uncharged State ions flows in the electrolytes when a voltage is applied during charging ions drift towards their opposite charge and cling to the surface holding the charge in place when a device is connected to the capacitor this charge can leave quickly while the ions drift back into the electrolytes the key limiting factor for ultra capacitors is the surface area available for this to happen and nanotechnology has allowed for amazing advances in the field this is what the inside of an ultracapacitor looks like it contains hundreds of layers of these electron pairs but even with this enormous surface area ultra capacitors simply cannot compete with batteries when it comes to energy density even Maxwell's best ultra capacitors have an energy density of just 7.4 watt hours per kilogram while the best guess for Tesla's current energy density is about 250 watt hours per kilogram counter to what corporate-owned tech channels may tell you ultra capacitors are not intended to be a replacement for batteries they are intended to work in conjunction with batteries ultracapacitor strength is their ability to quickly charge and discharge without being worn down this makes them a great buffer to place between the motors and the battery and their high discharge rate will allow them to give surges of electricity to the motors when rapid acceleration is needed and allow them to charge quickly when breaking saving the battery from unnecessary cycles and boosting its ability to quickly provide current when needed for acceleration this is going to be a massively important technology for two upcoming tesla vehicles the Tesla Roadster 2 which will boast an acceleration of 0 to 60 in just 1 point 9 seconds which a normal battery would struggle to achieve the discharge rate needed without damaging itself the second vehicle is the Tesla truck I have made a video in the past noting that the Tesla truck is going to be limited in its range and cargo hauling ability as a result of the heavy batteries it will need as trucks are limited in waste to about 40 metric tons in most countries this ultracapacitor technology will boost its ability to regain energy from braking significantly and thus allows battery capacity to decrease in turn allowing the truck to swap batteries for cargo the second technology maxwell has been toting as their next big breakthrough is dry coated batteries this is a manufacturing advancement that Maxwell claims will reduce the cost of manufacturing a factor Tesla has been working fervently to minimize with the growth of the Giga factory so what are dry coded batteries currently in order to coat the current collectors with the electrode material Tesla in partnership with Panasonic's patented technology must first dissolve the electrode material in a solvent which is then spread over the current collector both are then passed through an oven for drawing where the solvent evaporates leaving just the electrode material behind this adds cost to the manufacturing procedure as the solvent is lost in the process and the baking process takes energy on top of this the solvent is toxic so removing it from the process would benefit the environment Maxwell instead uses a binding agent and a conductive agent which I assume will work similarly to electrostatic painting where a metal beam painted will be given a negative charge while the paint will be given a positive charge as it is sprayed attracting it to the metal where it will cling to it this painting process also eliminates the solvents needed in the paint in this paper published by Maxwell technologies they detail how their dry coating manufacturing techniques could result in a higher energy storage capacity of the electrodes due to a denser and thicker coating resulting in a potential increase in battery capacity to 300 watt hours per kilogram 20% up from our best estimates of Tesla's current specs only time will tell if this claim can be realized at an industrial scale perhaps more importantly to Tesla they now own this manufacturing technique currently panasonic owns the manufacturing process for Tesla there is literally a line of demarcation in the gigafactory separating Panasonic and Tesla denoting the point at which the ownership of batteries transfers hands having to buy their batteries from Panasonic adds cost the Tesla will want to avoid in future and this step could allow for full vertical integration of their battery manufacturing thereby making electronic vehicles more affordable to the everyday consumer all of this technology is powered by incredibly smart engineers working to solve really interesting problems and with so much focus on battery technology across the entire tech industry there's a high demand for qualified engineers for anyone looking to build or advance their engineering career I highly recommend brilliant brilliant recently introduced a new feature called daily problems which will present you with interesting scientific and mathematical problems to test your brain like this one that teaches you about rolling resistance one of the ways vehicles lose energy it takes you through a short explanation of rolling resistance giving you the framework you need to rationalize a question they pose to you here the answer is pretty simple rolling resistance occurs from the loss of energy to the ground and the wheels so by driving from gravel to concrete we lose less energy to the ground if you answer a question wrong though you can get help by discussing the solution with thousands of other users allowing you to learn from your mistakes brilliant even have an app that you can download to play these brain teasers on your morning commute if you like the problem and want to learn more there's a course quiz that explores the same concept in greater detail the daily problems are thought-provoking challenges that will lead you from curiosity to mastery one day at a time so what are you waiting for go to brilliant org ford slash real engineering and finish your day a little smarter and the first 500 of you to do so will get 20% off the annual subscription to view all problems in the archives as always thanks for watching and thank you to all my patreon supporters if you'd like to see more from me the links to my Instagram