this video was made possible by curiosity stream sign up for the nebula bundle deal on sale for 15 a year to get access to two great streaming sites and help support independent creators at curiositystream.com wendover covid19 a virus orders of magnitude smaller than a particle of dust has turned daily life on earth into something deeply unfamiliar in the 10 or so months since it first emerged the virus has settled at a steady clip of killing 5 000 people per day or nearly a million total currently it has played havoc with the world economy plunging the globe into the worst economic crisis since world war ii it has interrupted an era of mountain globalization and pushed us into a more insular nationalistic state the effects of this virus are truly all encompassing and consistently dreadful but time has bestowed upon us a reward for our patients we are potentially nearing the beginning of the end meaning we could now be at the end of the middle that end of this virus will take far longer than the beginning we're likely far from halfway through the pandemic in terms of time but the slow decline in dreadfulness is potentially on the horizon that's because a vaccine is coming there was previously a period of doubt on whether an effective vaccine could be developed it was never a sure shot but all indications currently suggest given the unprecedented extent of scientific effort that it is indeed coming the only and paramount question is when right now in september 2020 all attention is focused on the late october early november time frame that's the earliest possible moment when any of the frontrunner vaccines from major manufacturers including astrazeneca pfizer and moderna could enter regulatory review if all the data confidently point to the vaccine exhibiting an acceptable level of safety and effectiveness it is possible that one of these will then be granted emergency use authorization by the american fda or its equivalent by other major national regulators it's worth noting that this is far from a sure shot but experts do say that having a vaccine in 2020 is a less than long shot possibility however it is almost certain that you will not be injected by a covid19 vaccine in the year 2020. it is possible but for the average person when you actually get a dose of a coveted vaccine has much less to do with when it's approved and much more with how fast it is manufactured and distributed the full effects of the pandemic health social and economic will not end until a critical mass of people are vaccinated that means that when we get back to normal life has much more to do with when the last person is vaccinated rather than the first this is why some have said that the fast distribution of a vaccine will be an even greater challenge than the development itself this process this challenge of getting the majority of the world's population vaccinated can quite legitimately be described as the most daunting and consequential single logistical challenge ever the stakes have never been higher but the challenge has also never been greater let's look at why first and foremost it's a scale problem shipping and administering one vaccine to one person is not difficult but shipping and administering 5 billion vaccines to 5 billion people is that's because there just isn't enough room in our world's logistics network as it is now to do that making it even tougher there's more chance than not based on the current leading vaccines that the first major vaccine to be approved will require two doses administered 21 or 28 days apart that doubles the challenge distributing 10 or more billion doses of vaccine would be difficult enough in normal times but these are far from normal times with international travel all but non-existent currently sitting at more than 90 down passenger airlines have dramatically cut back their international route networks now this is an issue because traditionally some 50 of pharmaceuticals are shipped in the belly hold of passenger aircraft rather than on dedicated freighters as this can help them get closer to their final destination faster with limited passenger service overall cargo capacity is down about 30 percent while cargo demand is only about 15 down meaning there is already a supply crunch this has led to existing dedicated freighter aircraft being used more additional dedicated freighters coming into service but still due to constrained supply a dramatic increase in shipping costs even already before the coveted vaccine comes into the global logistics network pharmaceutical manufacturers have had to come up with new techniques to ship their goods including for example flying their product to where shipping rates are cheaper and trucking them to their final destination or chartering private planes of course the world already experienced a massive logistics challenge this year with the distribution of personal protective equipment and shippers were able to scale up for that reasonably successfully but there's one simple reason why it won't be so easy this time around the cold chain vaccines are temperature sensitive most all of them have to be stored in a highly precise climate-controlled environment in order to stay safe and effective so the cold chain is the supply chain suited to shipping goods that need to be kept cold or frozen such as meat chemicals and pharmaceuticals of course the difficulty with the cold chain is that everything used has to be specialized the origin warehouse the truck the plane the in-route warehouse and the final destination each need to have the equipment to keep the goods at the specified temperature or the goods have to be shipped in packaging that keeps them at the specified temperature both options are complicated and complication compounded by other complication is what makes a true logistical challenge it doesn't end there though one of the leading vaccine candidates pfizer's bnt 162 b2 must be stored and transported at around negative 90 degrees fahrenheit or negative 68 degrees celsius that is far far colder than the requirements of most vaccines which can ship either at refrigerated temperatures or a wider range of freezing temperatures a thermal requirement such as this is a whole different ball game and it means that they'll be able to use only a subset of cold chain infrastructure which is already a subset of overall logistics infrastructure beyond the issue of actually getting such a vaccine to a distribution site most hospitals don't even have facilities to keep a vaccine at such a temperature let alone clinics or pharmacies meaning that even finding places that can receive this vaccine is a challenge part of the reason why this obstacle has come up is that traditionally vaccines are thoroughly tested to determine what sort of storage and shipping conditions they can endure while still staying safe and effective but with the breakneck pace of development for these coveted 19 vaccines there likely will not have been enough time to conduct these tests before distribution meaning they'll have to keep the standards at what's already proven so to reiterate already a likely vaccine will only be able to be shipped through a subset of a subset of a subset of an already strained logistics network to a subset of sites and it'll need to happen many billions of times but even the solution to these challenges present additional challenges pfizer for example knowing that the unique distribution requirements of their vaccine could limit its commercial success has developed a partial solution it's essentially a highly specialized standalone box that can with the use of dry ice keep the vaccine at the required temperature for up to 10 days this means that hypothetically the vaccine could be shipped through a more traditional logistics network however this box has highly specific requirements for one upon arrival it can only be opened twice per day not more than one minute at a time in order to keep the vaccines at the required temperature that means that a distribution site would need to accurately predict how many doses they would need in a given day before that day if they take out too little they'd be slowing the process by not vaccinating everyone they can but if they take out too much they'd have potentially life-saving vaccines go to waste at the end of the day also this box can only carry vaccines in multiples of a thousand and keep in mind that it only keeps cold for 10 days so how for example do you go about getting the vaccine to a clinic that can only vaccinate 50 people in a day like a rural clinic in a small town even if shipping was instantaneous they could only vaccinate 500 people in 10 days meaning half their vaccines would go bad pfizer is apparently developing a smaller temperature controlled box to solve this problem but that means adding a whole other type of distribution which increases complexity which slows the process down in its scenario planning the american cdc mapped out a distribution process for if both pfizer and modernist vaccines are approved and if this happened the pfizer vaccine would be directed to only large distribution sites that would either have the facilities for ultra-cold storage or the capacity to vaccinate enough people that the short shelf life of these vaccines wouldn't be an issue then the madarina vaccine which only requires traditional freezer temperatures would be directed to smaller sites with less advanced facilities this would certainly create a scenario in the u.s and likely elsewhere where the pfizer vaccine would be primarily distributed to people in cities while the madarina vaccine would be the vaccine of choice for rural areas another challenge that needs to be confronted is the order of operations for distribution the coronavirus affects different people in different ways this means that if we want a vaccine to save the most number of lives possible the first person in line should be that who is most susceptible to covet 19 and the last person in line should be that who is least susceptible one set of research models two scenarios the first where of the first three billion doses available 50 high-income countries buy up 2 billion of them the second was where the first 3 billion doses were distributed to countries proportionally based on their population regardless of wealth in this model twice as many people died overall with the first scenario the wealthy country's first scenario than the equitable proportional approach however for vaccination purposes it is the least wealthy countries arguably those that need the vaccine most that are toughest to distribute to poor countries tend to have limited cold chain infrastructure let alone normal logistics infrastructure and fragmented poorly funded healthcare systems distributing and administering a complex vaccine like pfizers will already be tough enough in the wealthy countries like the united states but just imagine how difficult it will be to get a vaccine from distributor to someone's arm in rural democratic republic of the congo for example in 10 days while keeping it at negative 90 degrees fahrenheit how soon a coveted vaccine is administered will quite directly correlate to how many lives are saved every day of delay will with certainty lead to more death and despair the manufacturers are working as fast as they can they are already producing millions of doses of their vaccines before they are approved so they can be distributed as fast as possible and regulatory agencies have been preparing for months for an unprecedentedly fast review process so it is now truly down to every member of the global logistics network to save lives of course many of those that will be involved especially once we get to wide scale distribution will be companies not governments or non-profits and for them this presents a massive business opportunity in addition to the positive public relations potential ups for example has built two freezer farms in louisville kentucky and venlo netherlands near their hubs which can each hold 48 000 doses and can go down to the temperatures required for the pfizer vaccine dhl and fedex 2 are reportedly massively upscaling their cold chain infrastructure to be able to handle some of the surge in demand while other lesser-known logistics companies are too ultimately though it's tough to find someone in the know who doesn't admit that shipping will be a bottleneck we already know it's not going to go perfectly so right now it's about doing as much work as possible to make sure the process goes as well as it can be this will come down to making sure that as much planning work as possible is done now before the vaccine is approved so that distribution can happen as fast as possible when that does happen now is the time to figure out how and where the vaccine will be distributed if you are a healthy relatively young person of thinking selfishly you should care tremendously about the distribution process because you are at the back of the line when you get your shot when you get to start letting your guard down has everything to do with how fast everyone in front of you gets theirs and how fast they get theirs will also impact how many of them will die we know this process will not be perfect and it wouldn't be reasonable to ask for perfect given the complexity of the challenge but if we truly put every effort into planning and preparing for this now and create a system that orders people by need rather than wealth we can at least know at the end of this that no lives could have been saved if only the vaccine got to them faster for our collective consciousness looking back far in the future this moment will be defined not by when we get to go back to concerts or parties or the gym but rather by how many lives we saved when confronting what is hopefully the greatest global challenge of this generation as you've heard before the point of nebula the streaming site that i and other independent creators founded is to make a greater variety of content types possible for example i know many of you were fans of my and brian from real engineering's old podcast showmakers where we interviewed different educational creators about their background story and process but the financials of that show just didn't work so we stopped it nebula however has made it possible for us to relaunch it so we've done exactly that showmakers is now a nebula original podcast this is an addition to the two wendover originals we've done already the half as interesting original and another wendover original that is coming out next month of course the best way to get access to nebula is curiosity stream's bundle deal on sale now for 15 a year with that you also get access to curiosity stream where you could watch for example the piece they made about how the development of the coveted vaccine works filmed with the actual scientists involved that's of course in addition to the thousands of other educational shows and documentaries they have and together with nebula this represents truly the best deal in streaming sign up today for the bundle deal for just 15 a year with current sale pricing at curiositystream.com


for
the
decades
leading
up
to
1971
the
u.s
experienced
a
ton
of
real
massive
growth
workers
went
from
making
675
a
year
or
19
000
in
today's
money
to
more
than
56
thousand
dollars
in
today's
money
by
the
late
60s
people
enjoyed
paid
leave
and
sick
days
for
the
first
time
they
could
pay
off
student
loans
buy
houses
and
cars
and
enjoyed
a
financially
stable
life
payroll
increased
by
at least
32
percent
in
the
60s
alone
fiber
optic
cables
leds
weather
satellites
the
hard
pacemaker
the
internet
d
ran
for
computers
lasers
were
all
invented
in
the
60s
alone
we
landed
on
the
moon
the
upper
middle
and
lower
classes
were
all
moving
up
together
in
harmony
but
then
1971
hits
and
something
really
weird
happens
the
economy
kept
growing
except
there
was
no
longer
everyone
getting
richer
together
now
it
was
only
the
rich
getting
richer
and
the
middle
and
lower
class
basically
flatlined
to
this
day
even
with
globalization
even
with
the
computer
revolution
the
internet
revolution
the
biotech
revolution
it
somehow
has
not
added
up
to
quite
as
much
of
a
difference
as
people
thought
and
if
you
were
in
the
mid
1960s
people
thought
it
was
going
to
be
the
jetsons
you
have
vacation
trips
on
the
moon
and
flying
cars
and
robots
doing
all
your
work
and
it
hasn't
quite
happened
it's
been
just
much
slower
right
it's
the
only
robot
that
does
any
work
that
i'm
aware
of
is
the
roomba
little
carpet
sweeper
there
isn't
as
much
progress
happening
as
advertised
and
that
uh
rather
than
racing
towards
utopia
or
dystopia
the
much
bigger
problem
is
one
of
relative
stagnation
it
sort
of
manifests
economically
and
that
for
the
first
time
we
have
a
younger
generation
that's
not
clearly
doing
better
than
their
parents
family
incomes
are
up
of
some
from
the
late
60s
but
it's
not
clear
that's
the
right
metric
because
you
have
a
lot
of
families
where
uh
both
spouses
are
working
and
that's
that's
very
different
from
the
world
of
of
the
late
60s
the
inflation
rate
skyrocketed
from
around
4
at
the
start
of
1971
to
more
than
double
at
8.8
percent
in
1973.
by
the
end
of
the
70s
it
would
go
up
to
12
household
debt
exploded
exponentially
after
1971.
so
while
lower
and
middle
class
income
stay
stagnant
they
were
simultaneously
getting
shackled
in
debt
college
tuition
also
suspiciously
started
skyrocketing
after
1971.
[Music]
and
ask
yourself
how
many
new
real
physical
truly
revolutionary
technologies
like
leds
or
fiber
optics
have
we
really
seen
in
the
last
few
decades
besides
reusable
rockets
not
much
something
happened
the
rules
of
the
game
were
changed
it
was
no
longer
a
level
playing
field
and
the
best
part
is
is
that
it
slipped
right
underneath
the
noses
of
the
middle
and
lower
class
and
all
the
signs
point
back
to
this
one
year
1971
it
was
the
year
that
rearranged
the
very
fabric
of
society
as
we
know
it
but
to
understand
what
happened
we
have
to
take
a
journey
all
the
way
back
to
world
war
one
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[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
before
world
war
one
hit
trade
around
the
world
was
conducted
on
a
very
simple
gold
standard
basically
whatever
you
wanted
from
another
country
you
would
pay
for
any
required
weight
of
gold
this
meant
that
countries
that
had
lots
of
stuff
to
export
would
have
more
gold
than
countries
who
didn't
have
a
lot
to
export
and
before
world
war
one
the
system
worked
pretty
well
the
governments
around
the
world
kind
of
got
along
perfectly
which
meant
trading
with
gold
was
simple
and
easy
but
then
world
war
one
came
around
and
threw
the
entire
system
on
its
head
the
war
brought
a
lot
of
infighting
and
disagreements
between
countries
that
used
to
work
together
it
put
a
lot
of
powerful
countries
in
debts
they
had
to
spend
a
lot
of
their
gold
buying
weapons
and
equipment
to
fight
against
each
other
and
gold
reserves
started
being
spread
around
the
world
much
more
thinly
by
the
end
of
world
war
one
the
u.s
had
a
serious
gold
deficit
and
once
the
great
depression
hit
this
got
even
worse
so
in
1930
the
government
pretty
much
forced
americans
to
exchange
all
the
gold
they
had
for
dollars
they
increased
the
price
of
gold
from
20
an
ounce
to
35
an
ounce
hoping
that
this
would
discourage
americans
from
buying
gold
in
the
future
this
also
meant
that
a
lot
of
foreign
countries
suddenly
got
interested
in
trading
their
gold
for
dollars
since
they
would
be
getting
so
much
more
money
in
exchange
for
their
gold
almost
every
country
that
had
a
natural
gold
source
traded
it
with
the
us
for
dollars
by
1939
there
was
enough
gold
in
the
world
to
replace
all
the
money
in
circulation
then
world
war
ii
hit
and
suddenly
the
us
was
dipping
into
his
gold
reserves
again
and
if
they
thought
world
war
one
took
a
lot
of
money
world
war
ii
was
even
worse
the
two
wars
had
wrecked
the
global
financial
system
and
the
simple
gold
standard
in
government
taxes
just
wasn't
enough
to
fund
the
crazy
spending
the
u.s
had
to
do
something
had
to
change
enter
the
bretton
woods
system
at
bretton
woods
new
hampshire
delegates
from
44
allied
and
associate
countries
arrived
for
the
opening
of
the
united
nations
monetary
and
financial
conference
invited
by
president
roosevelt
to
the
first
major
world
financial
meeting
since
the
london
conference
of
1933
they
will
work
in
the
seclusion
of
this
white
mountains
resort
at
the
end
of
the
war
the
40
biggest
and
most
important
governments
in
the
world
all
came
together
at
the
brennan
woods
hotel
in
new
hampshire
to
try
to
find
a
new
financial
standard
that
would
be
less
likely
to
cause
a
global
bankruptcy
the
us
had
more
than
75
percent
of
the
world's
gold
and
the
dollar
was
one
of
the
only
currencies
still
linked
to
the
gold
standard
by
then
so
the
countries
agreed
they
would
value
their
national
currencies
relative
to
the
dollar's
value
in
gold
it
was
basically
a
very
indirect
version
of
the
gold
standard
that
pinned
the
value
of
the
dollar
at
35
dollars
per
ounce
of
gold
all
the
other
countries
of
the
world
would
adjust
the
value
of
their
currency
according
to
that
and
for
a
while
it
worked
the
u.s
stockpile
is
new
gold
from
countries
who
wanted
to
trade
in
gold
for
dollars
and
the
brandon
wood
system
became
the
new
way
to
have
a
stable
currency
after
a
chaotic
war
but
all
things
must
come
to
an
end
and
that
end
came
in
the
year
1971.
[Music]
[Music]
[Applause]
[Applause]
so
by
the
late
40s
and
early
50s
the
u.s
had
a
new
superpower
the
ability
to
print
as
much
money
as
it
needed
for
whatever
it
wanted
it
wasn't
supposed
to
work
like
that
there
was
supposed
to
be
a
methodical
decision-making
process
that
kept
the
amount
of
dollars
in
the
world
equal
to
the
amount
of
gold
the
u.s
has
stockpiled
but
the
temptation
to
print
money
was
just
too
great
it
was
like
giving
a
child
the
keys
to
a
candy
shop
whenever
there
was
a
new
national
development
social
program
or
massive
technological
projects
the
us
could
just
print
the
money
it
needed
to
pay
for
it
after
all
dollars
were
as
good
as
gold
with
all
this
extra
money
the
economy
obviously
boomed
but
it
wasn't
sustainable
by
1955
america
went
to
war
in
vietnam
and
suddenly
it
needed
a
lot
more
money
than
it
had
in
gold
the
vietnam
war
carried
on
for
20
years
and
cost
168
billion
dollars
or
around
1
trillion
dollars
in
today's
money
to
fund
it
the
government
had
to
print
money
like
crazy
and
near
the
end
this
reckless
creation
of
new
dollars
finally
caught
up
with
it
you
see
other
countries
started
noticing
that
the
us
was
printing
way
more
money
than
it
could
possibly
have
in
gold
so
they
got
worried
what
if
the
president
suddenly
announced
that
instead
of
35
for
an
ounce
of
gold
it
would
be
now
45
or
50
it
would
be
the
perfect
way
for
the
us
to
stay
afloat
but
it
would
mean
countries
like
the
uk
and
france
would
have
to
pay
way
more
money
to
get
their
gold
back
so
the
uk
and
france
decided
to
quit
while
they
were
still
ahead
and
france
set
a
warship
to
new
york
to
pick
up
their
gold
it
was
1971
and
president
nixon
was
having
of
it
so
in
one
fell
swoop
he
declared
a
suspension
of
anyone's
ability
to
convert
dollars
into
gold
i
have
directed
the
secretary
of
the
treasury
to
take
the
action
necessary
to
defend
the
dollar
against
the
speculators
i
have
directed
secretary
connelly
to
suspend
temporarily
the
convertibility
of
the
dollar
into
gold
or
other
reserve
assets
except
in
amounts
and
conditions
determined
to
be
in
the
interest
of
monetary
stability
and
in
the
best
interest
of
the
united
states
this
short
statement
would
become
one
of
the
most
pivotal
moments
in
history
that
hardly
anyone
knows
the
importance
of
for
the
first
time
in
modern
history
the
world's
money
was
no
longer
tied
to
anything
for
the
first
time
if
you
want
to
take
people's
wealth
if
you
want
them
to
work
for
you
as
your
indentured
slaves
no
longer
did
you
have
to
do
it
at
the
point
of
a
gun
or
through
taxes
both
of
which
breeds
resentment
now
all
you
had
to
do
was
print
more
money
the
more
money
you
printed
the
more
of
their
wealth
you
stole
from
them
without
them
ever
even
noticing
it
before
it's
too
late
because
the
dollar
amount
in
their
bank
account
stays
the
same
but
the
value
of
those
dollars
goes
down
what
started
in
1971
was
the
greatest
con
and
wealth
redistribution
scheme
humanity
has
ever
seen
and
with
it
the
bretton
woods
system
officially
came
to
an
end
[Music]
[Applause]
the
money
printer
was
let
loose
and
the
chaos
that
resulted
was
subtle
like
boiling
a
frog
immediately
the
dollar's
value
dropped
at
least
50
percent
all
that
new
money
pushed
up
the
prices
of
assets
like
real
estate
and
stocks
which
the
rich
own
and
the
poor
don't
furthering
the
divide
what
used
to
take
30
hours
of
work
to
buy
one
unit
of
a
publicly
traded
stock
in
1860
would
take
at
least
126
hours
of
work
today
1971
was
also
the
year
that
the
30-year
mortgage
standard
was
introduced
which
meant
that
where
you
could
have
bought
a
house
for
just
three
years
salary
in
1950
you're
in
debt
for
the
next
30
years
today
instant
money
m-o-n-e-y
in
the
form
of
a
convenient
personal
loan
so
household
debt
explodes
exponentially
college
tuition
explodes
exponentially
the
number
of
lawyers
quadrupled
and
what
did
all
that
debt
and
divide
me
from
middle
and
low
income
families
over
half
of
americans
live
paycheck
to
paycheck
even
when
they
make
more
than
a
hundred
thousand
dollars
a
year
most
americans
that
can
save
have
less
than
five
thousand
dollars
in
their
savings
accounts
and
the
income
from
the
middle
and
lower
classes
has
stayed
nearly
the
same
since
1971
while
the
upper
class
continues
to
climb
the
modern
pleb
is
a
debt
slave
draped
in
louis
and
today
we
might
be
witnessing
the
grand
finale
of
the
dollar
almost
a
year
ago
i
made
a
video
on
how
40
of
us
dollars
were
printed
in
the
year
2020
one
of
our
most
popular
videos
on
the
channel
well
today
the
federal
reserve
has
updated
those
numbers
and
i
redid
the
math
it's
no
longer
40
of
all
u.s
dollars
were
printed
since
2020
not
50
not
even
70
percent
nope
since
january
2020
the
u.s
has
printed
nearly
80
percent
of
all
u.s
dollars
in
existence
80
m1
i
literally
had
to
do
a
double
take
when
i
saw
this
number
because
what
but
yes
at
the
start
of
2020
there
was
4
trillion
dollars
in
circulation
and
in
october
2021
there's
over
20
trillion
dollars
in
circulation
that
means
ladies
and
gentlemen
that
the
government
has
so
far
robbed
80
of
your
wealth
in
the
span
of
under
two
years
and
although
you
may
only
feel
this
theft
and
higher
gas
prices
and
such
so
far
it's
probably
gonna
get
a
lot
worse
so
what
is
the
solution
not
financial
advice
but
one
don't
get
into
debt
two
click
the
join
button
below
for
private
documentaries
too
controversial
to
be
released
to
the
public
to
continue
to
learn
how
the
world
really
works
and
three
is
to
hedge
your
bets
against
the
us
dollar
and
the
money
printer
by
putting
some
money
into
crypto
and
one
crypto
platform
i've
been
using
for
a
while
now
is
blockfi
one
of
the
easiest
places
to
store
your
crypto
and
earn
interest
on
it
at
the
same
time
like
i
mentioned
before
i've
already
earned
568
dollars
and
74
cents
in
interest
just
by
keeping
my
crypto
in
my
block
fight
interest
accounts
i
literally
did
nothing
to
make
this
passive
income
all
you
have
to
do
is
click
the
link
below
open
up
your
block
file
account
fund
your
account
and
you
could
get
up
to
250
in
free
bitcoin
as
a
bonus
for
signing
up
from
there
the
platform
allows
you
to
buy
crypto
instantly
and
directly
from
your
bank
account
and
whatever
crypto
you
have
in
your
blackfy
account
you'll
automatically
earn
up
to
nine
percent
apy
on
it
you
can
set
up
recurring
purchases
so
you
can
dollar
cost
average
into
crypto
which
is
what
i
have
set
up
and
you
don't
have
to
wait
to
see
your
purchases
reflected
in
your
blackfy
accounts
there
are
no
hidden
fees
and
you
can
start
with
as
little
as
20
today
blackfy
manages
over
10
billion
dollars
in
assets
globally
it's
on
the
forest
fintech
50
list
and
block
fight
has
over
1
million
clients
and
350
global
institutions
that
use
block
fi
services
so
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or
go
to
block
fight.com
jake
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bitcoin
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on
your
crypto
today
that's
blockfy.com
jake
with
the
link
below
thanks
to
blockfi
for
sponsoring
this
video
[Music]


good morning welcome to renovation ranched a little little update here just filled up the old dump trailer from Texas pride and loaded it a little too heavy it's totally full of nice dirt and I thought yeah this will be good I'll just I'm going filling up one of my buddies had a swimming pool in his backyard and he had a bunch of extra dirt and so I went over there I loaded up all this dirt and I have never actually filled the dump trailer with just dirt I filled it with a bunch of other stuff but never solid dirt so I just made a level pretty much holy cow you can see are all sagging a little bit back there this trailer is all these tires are squatting and they're full and as you can imagine there is quite a hill that you have to climb to get up to this property so I was pretty dang worried actually that are always going to explode on the way up here but Earle handled it like a champ and we have a bunch of fresh beautiful dirt I don't know where I'm going to dump it but anyway - is an update I'm just gonna dump this pile somewhere this is just fresh turd that are going to top which is like fill dirt back there but I mean you start bringing up nice dirt to put on the top so that you know things will actually grow did it we dumped it check out all that beautiful dirt and they're all dead it and now we just gotta get this thing outta here which is gonna be easy with a empty load that was heavy I don't know if I overload the trailer the trailer did fine the truck though was like whoa this is heavy alright let's actually work on a been dimension okay update on what's been happening lately not a ton we've been getting a lot of rain as you can see that's not good really slowing down the progress on what I want to do with this giant hole because it's full of like a foot of water so I can't show you what we have been getting done though that's where the garage is gonna be this is a giant white pipe coming from the garage what could it be I don't know no and then there's another one coming from the house right there and then they connect in right here and then where do they where do they go let's go let's go find out this is an exploration we have to figure out where these pipes go where do you lead where do you lead to where oh right here oh dang this is also full of water this is our septic system here as you can probably guess by the look of it and so we dug a huge hole here to put these concrete boxes in the hole is also full of water but also the concrete boxes are full of water like completely full oh my goodness this is not good and very wet here in Texas but this is our septic system and try not fall in fell down but not in that's that's good and then the pool water comes down there goes in there sits for a while then gets done something with and it goes in here and then it's clean ish and it's ready to come out soapy water comes out through this purple pipe where does it go I guess I misspoke by this time it's not really pure water it's supposed to be pretty clean water purple pipe carries on and just keeps going all the way you guys haven't been back here on this part of the property this is just down below the house a little ways and basically it comes down here looks like a couple hundred yards of pipe and then every so often there's a sprinkler just spray my poo water all over the place see we're still wrapping around the house here's another sprinkler and I asked I was like like I never had this is called an aerobic system and I never had an aerobic system like this we always had the ones that had like the drain fields where it would leach out underground so this one has just a pipe underground and it then it sprays it with a sprinkler apparently if everything is working correctly which it should be nine point option the time it's spraying clean water they say you can get it sprayed on you and it's fine it wouldn't advise it they would not advise it and they said it doesn't smells like can you smell it for sit on the back porch you know right there and then over here like a hundred yards right in the house it's spraying poo water like no there's there's no smell it's clean that's our septic system and apparently aerobic systems work I mean they do them all over the place I know this is nothing new but they said that's the best for us because we are on mostly rock here and so it wouldn't really leach out into the ground like a I guess anaerobic system so we have almost completed our septic system so pretty soon I can make my own poo water get clean what a world we live in this actually really puts my mind at ease because I was a little worried we bought this house and there was no septic but there was a well and all the plumbing was run and I was worried there was some reason he hadn't put a septic in like maybe he couldn't get permitting for it or maybe there it was just too rocky and they couldn't do it or I just thought what if that's why they quit building the mansion it was because they couldn't figure out what to do with the poo water but obviously that was an issue we hired a crew they came in they put us a septic tank right there in the ground hidden down below our house and that'll all be buried of course to be even more hidden and it's perfect so else is coming together little by little the swimming pool sucks though I think we need a mess with the pH a little bit maybe add some chlorine tablets for we can go swimming but soon we'll go swimming and I'm just kidding we wait not to dry out and then we get to actually do some cool stuff down there hey new day very exciting day because we're getting a big shipment but first I want to say thanks to our sponsor Rane Khan this episode is sponsored by Great Khan inspired by underdogs with big dreams Great Khan aims to empower go leaders around the world by creating the next wave in wireless audio technology with its suite of true wireless audio products I like red guns because they're stylish they're comfortable they have a great sound and it all comes at a great price and this is their latest model the everyday e25 six hours of playtime CMOS bluetooth pairing more bass more compact design and new colors this compact case is also a charging case it can charge the earbuds four times on a single charge your events are great for working for home listening to music or podcast for hours and great for work it out I just did a thousand go to my recon comm slash off the ranch for 50% off your order Rick on earbuds started about half the prices other premium wireless earbuds but sound just as amazing as other top audio brands brought to you by break on out of the focus we are getting a shipment of brand-new windows in like 10 minutes they're supposed to arrive here which is crazy because when I first saw this house it had no windows but it did used to have windows in it so 16 years ago they put windows in this house and it looked like a normal almost finished house from the outside and then kids came and broke out like half the windows so they boarded up all the broken windows and then kids came and broke out all the rest of the windows and they just left them open to rot for 15 16 years and so this thing's just been a junky old house and it's about to be looking great with windows keeping this rain from coming in here and rotting all the new stuff all the new boards that we have put in here to make this junky old abandoned mansion a less junky old abandoned mansion so cool seeing what we've done - like you can tell new new new new new new and then they're all this stuff was good so we left it new new new new new new new new new and today marks the day when we finally get Windows and start putting the windows back on and the outside of this house is gonna start looking like a normal house and not a construction project finally listen here's the deal you can stay here for a little while but pretty soon there's gonna be windows in this house hold on I think the windows are actually here it's actually a circle drive you could have you could come down for it you didn't have to make it as complicated yeah you could it you totally just gone forward turned around on our circle it would have been real easy now you're stuck [Music] the windows are delivered I think there's 82 there's so many the guy pulled up he was like I don't know if he's the right place I was like wise like we got 82 windows like yeah that's that's right so I don't know a ton about windows Meredith was the one who picked out all these we wanted to get really nice quality ones so these are all insulated double pane and everything they're gonna be black on the outside so they've black metal on the outside and they have unfinished wood on the inside so we can paint it whatever color we want or stain it or whatever we want to do on the inside here but we have a ton of windows to fit all over this house we also have some doors here as well a huge order a huge day for the abandoned mansion because finally we start putting it back together closing it off waterproofing it everything so they just threw them all in these first two rooms we're gonna go now start carrying them to the rooms that they go in just to start getting them all in order to make sure we got the right stuff so they're not it's all pile everywhere so be back in a minute a few scary windows all over this house also what are the chances that we can move all of these without breaking a knee I just that's the first one I was like I almost dropped it like I'm not good at not breaking things so wish me lots of luck so what we're doing this this is our plan and so say the pantry right here we have numbers by all the windows so this one is number 14 you come look at all the windows to figure out what number they are this number is 32 and so we go around looking for number 14 we take it into the pantry we set it by there so we know that window goes in that hole [Music] [Applause] [Music] ah long day I'm very stinky hey Meredith thank you so much for coming to help today got a bunch in and so these are all from Sierra Pacific they're dual pane double pane windows they're aluminum on the outside and then they're wood on the inside so you can see they're all unfinished wood so we can paint them so you get the beauty of a wooden oh you're a stain them okay so you the beauty of a stained I just get that dirty no if someone else did that it was totally totally not me yet the beauty of a stained wood window these are going to be black once they're done these are just like temporary things but some of them are operable like that some of them are fixed like that one over there but this will be nice to have a nice breeze it flows right through this room we didn't put any of the like ones that are 20 30 feet off the ground in we put all the ones that are you know this height that we can reach you know so actually pretty interesting they have this little strip around them you put a screw and at least every other hole which is what we did and then you get this flashing tape and you tape the sides both sides and then you tape the top and what that is is just to help keep water out so any water that might come through the rock or stucco you get a drip on there it'll run down this green stuff which is waterproof go straight on our flashing tape and not go inside oh come on the outside of it and roll down so basically you want the water to not stay in and then you leave this open just in case any water for some reason does go in any moisture gets in it has a way it can get out to dry out so that you don't have water sitting rotting out your walls and your windows which of this house has had a fair bit of water sitting and rotting out walls and windows and we want that to stop that stops here and now when Meredith and I first knocked out boards that were boarding up these windows we took a picture standing in that space right there we've come a long way since that picture we are standing in that huge hole now we have these two beautiful windows are these operable I can't remember no they're not these are fixed windows they're huge so good-looking and then we got some little baby windows right there that's a little half bath there and then we've got another big one that we put in so good so good it's really making the outside of this house shape up and look great and that is it for this episode of renovating an abandoned mansion renovation ranch we have Windows and pretty soon every single hole in this house will have a window or door in it ideally so I can't wait to see that and I know you guys have been anxiously waiting to see that as well thank you guys for watching the abandoned mansion series I love you and I'll see you next time [Music]


planet dolan from history's first recorded name - how many animals are on the planet we answer several of your most curious questions about life my name is Melissa and I'll be reading out the questions and hey I heard you were thinking about building a website the only problem is which incredible service to choose we couldn't possibly tell our audience to use the same platform that built super planet dong comm with its smooth mobile-friendly design an animated carousel functionality right why does your sure to have your own face on it because I'm the best role model for everyone can I have a shirt no Marco RRM asks what would happen if everyone lived on one continent hey that means more annoying neighbors to put up with Oh mister do you have a spare light bulb Oh can you please stop shooting cans in the middle of the night Oh mister help can you please the pocket truck on my husband it sounds like you're the annoying neighbor shut up bird you probably live in a tree somewhere without a subscription of wigs and the only neighbor you have to worry about is a cat trying to eat you that's not true my neighbors are crows they can be pretty loud things would certainly seem more crowded technically it is possible to fit roughly seven billion people into the state of Texas but it would be completely unsustainable there are other problems that come with over in an area such as cultural clashes farming and laser struggles root Raz asks what was the first recorded name of the ancient tombs of Egypt there in those dark Costra phobic tunnels of antiquity they found carved into the dusty stone tablets the first name that ever was it was currently the oldest known name can be found on a tablet dating back to the second half of the 4th millennium BC in southern Mesopotamia the inscription on the tablet is believed to be of a trade transaction which reads as 29,000 eighty-six measures barely 37 months and is signed by a man named believed to be an ancient accountant kitten crazy 167 s canna disease become extinct they can and that's a big problem hello there i'm Helmut did you know that the disease smallpox has been almost entirely wiped out it's unfortunately true only a small handful of samples remain Dublin laboratories worldwide but with your help and generous donations we can help smallpox return to the world of work there's no way anybody is gonna fund you're releasing smallpox into the world you maniac don't be so sure thanks Graham although technically not extinct as small quantities still exist for research the disease known as smallpox has been eradicated due to realisation by vaccines so far smallpox has been the only disease to be eradicated worldwide while great efforts are being made to also eradicate diphtheria and measles among other dangerous diseases Cordell Cunningham asks who is in charge of designing a country's currency well known fact I'm working on my own currency that way I don't have to use the bank's money oh I've got my top guy working on the designs right now I hate everything about this but with help it's charisma I can't help but do everything he says and also he's manly or something nice nice thank you I'll let you go home soon it won't be much longer yeah thanks those countries have a central bank that prints its national currency for the United States in particular it is the Bureau of Engraving and printing that designs the Federal Reserve notes for the Federal Reserve the nation's central bank other countries may have similar systems for example the central bank of the UK is the Bank of England and can issue banknotes in England and Wales - shuk asks why do potatoes for roots when they go bad because they obviously didn't subscribe to wait clearly they're mouldy website didn't go as planned you don't need JavaScript or C++ skills for this they got templates drag and drop tools a 24/7 phone and email help hey we're talking about potatoes true stop being up hey don't use words that's all potato sprouting is a natural part of their lifecycle during the colder winter months potatoes remain in the ground and only begin to sprout in the warmer spring season it's important when storing potatoes to keep them in a dry cool area which prevents them from sprouting I should also mention that shrunken potatoes that have sprouted are considered toxic and you probably shouldn't eat them chu draws asks if we lined up everyone one by one on the earth could we circle around the world why not watch every bit of this space then they can circle the earth in orbit like the rings of Saturn only instead of rocks and dust its people oh we would need a lot of space suits to make that happen did I say anything about spacesuits it's impossible to get an accurate number due to the many variables but if we took the circumference of the planet Earth which is about 40 million 75 thousand meters and the population which is roughly seven point six billion the average height of a human male which is about equal to arm span at 1.7 meters now we multiply the population of the earth by the average height and divide your answer by the circumference of the earth and we get 300 22.4 which under these parameters means if everyone were to line up but their arms extended we would circle the world's 322 times what about bad people listen don't take the answer too literally it's just a thought experiment there are too many variables to get an accurate answer no fatties in the Y nope gotcha Charon Fuentes asks how many animals are there in the world too many and most of them are useless I've put together this helpful chart to show you what I mean as you can see we have pigs cows and chickens our food is there otherwise known dogs also gonna pass they're loyal and they'll bite people that annoy you the rest of these though not necessary would you say your chicken like what No uh-huh well that's another for the useless side then although we do not know the exact amount of individual animals on the planet we do know that to date there are around 1.2 million documented animal species on earth however it is estimated that the total number of animal species on the planet number around 8.7 million although it is hard to get an accurate estimate due to the rate that species go extinct in Chi 2005 asks why do different countries have different cultures no no but a lot of them talk funny that's for sure take dog for example he's from that weird Island where they all sound like hello guvnah fancy a cup but dear what might you're thinking of the wrong Island don't give me I don't even know a weird country you're from Canada come on now don't make things up that's my job we all know that Canada is just a fairy tale the people and groups that make up the society of a nation will often share a common culture this cultural bond is due to race ethnicity or shared views and beliefs ethnic groups across the world each have their own culture defined by their ancestry religion sense of history and language Riley Scott asks how do we know if planets are planets I'm about to tell you a personal story it's about wigs I was lost people on the internet knew my face but they didn't know my name it's hard by the way but that all changed when Father wicks reach down with the hand of mercy and offered me Tony creative freedom you're mixing up a website building service with God and lo fully automatic video integration and a public community forum built just like that every day I'm the West by Wix you could say I live on planet Wix are you done subscribe that's all you're going to break that mic wars it planets are defined as an object that first orbits the Sun secondly it has enough mass to be sufficiently round thirdly that it's not a satellite of another object and finally it has removed or very little debris around its orbit it was this final definition that caused Pluto to be reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006 Gavin Jones asks what allows starfish limbs to grow new parts all those starfish are on my list of useless animals they do have one redeeming feature it's that they're not push shoulders take a fight with a starfish they're not gonna go down easy you can pummel them all you won even chop hearts off and they keep coming into side are you on starfish have cells similar to humans during early development called stem cells however unlike humans whose cells mature and lose the ability to develop new body parts starfish do not under the right signals their cells can keep growing and retain the ability to grow into whatever proportion is needed few end of the video I'm shocked you haven't mentioned wicks in a while hell bent come now bird there's more to life than a website building service why is your head of wigs logo oh is it what a happy coincidence but what happened to real head I know I know I know there's a logical explanation for this but I've got nothing remind Oh check out wicks with the links down below as you might know we built super planet.com using their service which is now a hub for everything PD but did you know you can also run your business through wigs they have things like invoices you can create email campaigns to reach customers or fans you can even run your social media through Hughes in their creation tools there's a whole plethora of tools here that you can use not just to build your website but run a brand so as our friend hell-bent says stop being a potato and use Wix what are we gonna do warmup I can't hear you every time I log in the wakes I feel like some kind of


hey gamer if you play rocket League you know the car you play with is a really important part of the game and customizing it is what sets you apart from other people and the other day I was talking to my friend mercy who also has a youtube channel and we realized we're pretty much the only two people in rocket league that I've always used the same design and the cars we use have kind of become a part of our channel like a part of our brand so we've never changed our car designs for years but I had the idea what if we finally change them to the other person's car but we added a twist to it so listen carefully we headed through the trade window switch some of our items and rebuilt the other person's car to a tee so this was me and this was mercy so I had Mercy's car and the next step was to change to his camera setting once I did that all that was left was changing my name to Mercy and using his profile picture so basically I swapped accounts with it I actually did end up switching accounts with them because we figured that'd be a lot easier at this point I'm on Mercy's account using his car and he's on my account using my car but it gets even juicier it's normal for us to challenge our subscribers to a tournament so I made a tournament on Mercy's account and got the real mercy to make an announcement telling his subs to join that very tournament for his own video even though it would secretly be me playing his subscribers in that tournament for my video but they didn't know that mercy did the same thing where I told my subscribers to join my tournament for my video even though in that tournament they were gonna be playing mercy secretly using my car for his own videos so it sounds kind of confusing but there are two separate videos the one you're watching now where I go undercover and play mercy subscribers and he'll be uploading one where he goes undercover and plays in my subscribers so after watching this video make sure to go watch the video on mercy Channel to find out how he did in the tournament using my car playing my subs before we get into the tournament today's video was sponsored by Rachel legend it's the best mobile RPG game out there with 15 million downloads in the last six months and it's been nominated as a finalist for Google play's best of 2019 users Choice Award so in right you can customize and collect over 400 champions discover 13 stunning locations build teams and play tons of other players in the PvP arena all that and it's completely free to download what I like about raid is that you can play for just a few minutes while you're waiting for soloqueue or once your rock league teammates make you rage quit you can play raid for as long as you want to a cool feature in the game is the multi battle auto mode where you can set battles to run automatically while you go to do something else and they also have weekly tournaments and events where you can compete for extra prizes the game is growing super fast and they have a cool road map with huge plans for in-game updates over the next six months so there's a ton to look forward to so click the first links in the description to download raid and if you're a new player we'll hook you up with 100,000 silver few clan boskie's 10 mystery shard and a free executioner champion who's really good all that I'll be waiting for you here if you download using the links in the description but be quick because it's only available for the next 30 days with that being said let's get back into the video all right so all 64 spots filled in like two minutes I've talked to you really fast so Mercy's viewers have really have no reason not to think it's him so if they play against me they're gonna think they're in a mercy video I think it's Harv the pro I swear if this dude's like an actual pro oh I forgot to change my scoreboard button I accidentally saved a replay with it okay guys to pre flipped his car screams bronze though I keep saving the replay what is this a free play button okay Pasadena passenger alright I got a I knew I need on this okay he's I think he's either lagging or he's like bronze which is good I'd really only get first founded I think look like we're good we're good okay let's see we can style on him here take that take that oh okay that was good no I miss well that looked like mercy though like that was something he would do pleaselet nice there you go mercy uses like 12 height that's like ridiculously high oh wait out jump here yeah like this and like that that's it that's it can mercy do that this guy might know it's not very soon immersed I feel like mercy would not do that I'm just gonna go for some really close shots now I know we have this in the bag let's see if we can make mercy look good for once oh my god you can't like aerial or anything this whips out a monster flick up quick green turtle oh when I was sick that was actually sick I am making a mercy like so good right now alright watch we're gonna bait him in and then I hit it to the right of him go for it and then here we go that will jump turtle back okay he's actually saying we're good oh no we're not I gotta quit messing around man I'm gonna try hard mode I'm going sick over bass kick off should work here nope I can literally miss my kick off I'm playing stupid bad right now you just what it saved me mercy your viewers are toxic dude what is safe and back that's what you get he's gonna think Mercy's so toxic now I love that I can do this this viewers gonna unsubscribe now I get more of his subscribers 200 IQ kick ass I'm so stupid that's the thing Mercy's known for that he loses his kick on so trying to be like him take it across this should spawn this sack yeah thank you all right pulling off the mercy yes I'll some mercy with you there's a nice simple sealing side all right good game one mercy one let's get into game number two oh no we got a grand champ oh you serious I'm actually nervous playing against a grand Sam got the save Bailey I'm actually not gonna get boosts playing at the goal please don't get back this guy is actually really good hi losing control my dribbles so Fitnessgram pacer are you serious I'm gonna get out I'm gonna get out second round put that one on target we can't that's the thing Mercy's better than me at you had to put down an entire guy just about guarantee you I knew I was gonna give in mode and an Auguste I saved it somehow please give me boots please tell me I didn't miss okay we're good we're good we're good I'm not gonna leave second round I gotta make mercy proud gonna take this booth just whatever here it should have it up in that yes I'm not gonna like Murphy's camera settings are better for openness yes let's go dude kickoffs are on fleek right now have a balanced air dribble bum err dribbles are so hard with this camera with the heck because I know mercy said air dribbles with my camera is so easy so his camera just isn't good for air dribble let's grab mid boost I'm not gonna play super risky I don't have to I can go for this no matter what so that was a lie dang it's all I said I'll go this way yes oh my god mercy would have scored that okay mercy does scored that let's go you're over him he's literally zero boost should be able to score yes we got it we just baited him in for the 50-50 we wanted cuz we had Peterson he did it doesn't mean I have to go back and score watch this watch my life would have been so cool why sign in no no think that is a big whoops bye Musti no now he's still in the game it's Murthy score these aha air links he was so hard he bumped me into the booth oh my god dude aerials are a lot harder I'm not gonna lie it with Mercy's camera settings but the ground play is so much easier alright game see we get to win against the grand champ gonna go ahead and sign this guy's profile as mercy alright game three another pro gamer we played against two pro gamers no arrow dribbles are harder so I'm not gonna go for an air dribble take the bump and then top that's the Messi classic can get it done nice mo should be a little turn power shot go up perfect perfect gonna try to cut me don't man I'm literally so bad that was I literally think to myself this guy this guy's really gonna baiting me in a challenges please have score hole-in-one oh my god I can't have flip with these camera settings at least it's mercy that's looking trash it's it's not actually me so I'm happy about that err dribbles are so hard at this it's just like ridiculously hard I feel like a bronze they're trying to air dribble for the first time no no no I got a mid boost and the bounce the thing I'm saving these that keeps congratulating me on like every single one of my claims yes yes we got the cut that's what these camera settings are so good for cuz the high stiffness our gerbils off the wall are so easy though yes we got it we got the dung from the wall it seems easier than my camera settings it's kind of weird I'm winning I'm winning I can I can let him come to you [Music] now we go all right you're being banned 200 IQ plays are they just gotta get in your opponent's head so you can set something really fancy up there oh so close miss thang yes let's go oh dude I knew the fake would work all right ceiling shot double tap Oh what the heck yo they actually worked that actually worked oh my god my car didn't flip I literally tried to say like shot that yo okay I'll try to pass it to him rebound it right off though this will be the shot of the century if we can pull it off that's perfect it's perfect yes good pass great pass men DG by Ralph Lauren Swift we have one more and then the finals if we win this doesn't have a Grand Champion tag but that doesn't mean he's not grand champ you don't have to wear it good to kick off the perfect I'm gonna hook in and score I miss yes it's like two times now I've missed see up and net but I've recovered and hidden even harder shot good kick off again should be free goal let's go I'm so close we're gonna do the same thing left this strat actually works just got a beta man bikini that way hey go go see it really does work I'm even against like Gretchen's we both tried to fast hiccup I think this guy's actually decent I'm just I'm winning 6-0 to spend a lot of kickoffs and lucky goals is a free set up - this guy is decent I feel like exit right oh okay I've bounced I do nice camera settings man where it's you this is 12 freaking height maybe got the gold oh nice that's kick up again that was so dumb that was like a nice though all right I'm allowed to see I'm gonna see what he's gonna do I'm not gonna touch it I'll savings for this you got it nice I was literally his first shot all game that's crazy all right Gigi we made it to the semi-finals let's see if we can secure this playing against a specter with a K ah so hard like to defend to have a free goal here nice there we go perfect abuse every ball and again we had to cut my doing oh my goodness okay we're just playing bad right now I'm gonna try Messi flick for the first time oh we couldn't get it I'll really confuse viewers because yeah that never goes for those 45-degree flicks are easier though yes bar down bar down those legs get it let's go we got it so what did it their abusive gonna stop boozing I'm trying to make him think about abuse and then I miss it again actually good touch my game going on Durham perfect perfect so go for those is to make him jump and then you go under him so you want the ball to be on top of your car then make him jump as you bring a low that's the key one more a DoubleTap oh we can't get it no no dang it go for Phillip oh my god that was insane I didn't get on at there but I got the power slide called power science like in that situation are so useful like with my settings I probably couldn't have drifted like that and gotten the angle while they sing touching back clip processing I should've done literally excited him but I didn't do it look at this I can't Erol it's so weird I'm gonna get my game yeah and I shot he's love is I took all the bass should be a go I just won't pinch it here and then do this perfect nice little dish there after the open net miss alright check it out ceiling sad that with that oh no I get on net nice supper 9 be alright the only thing that I'm struggling with is a half lips I'm not really sure why but I'll go ahead and sign this guy's profile again as mercy and let's get into the finals finals are just the best of one planning it's the drift King hopefully it isn't style on me too hard 12 seconds late down this guy's like styling so hard this for the beginning I was gonna play simple that's how you counter people like this just playing very very simple oh my god the power on that how do you save it who is this guy I feel like someone this good I would know who they were if they were North American but they're not from na I'm gonna save it can we do this Oh close good drift catch Jesus Christ this guy's like actually a drift King let's go we got it we got it I almost lost control of that but I think the flake got a ton of power on the little hook shot I'm not the English man's whole career okay oh my god I got my c4 like oh my god I'm not messy though I'm not messy I'm mercy so we're fine that was so fast you can't score yes perfect I'm not gonna shoot that directly cuz I don't wanna miss open that we got it though hey take peace nonzero and he knows it and I missed a 12 pad Code Red actually Code Red we saved it though that's good it's going down for us someone shooter right away we got it this guy is so good though like seriously he's going from really risky shots though why are you in the USA are you visiting some list he's on the me man he's on to us I almost got breezy flicks get that one and please tell man and miss alright here's our cover story we're not visiting sunless we're at flumes house right now got a 50 hole this guy's like he's smart dude good thing I didn't jump into that one she's gonna have a banging only has an angle or he does he does we're good we're good he goes it's gone for super fancy stuff please don't say that sir thank you thank you nice that's like if this guy was trying his hardest like he's playing really really try hard it probably a lot closer but the only reason I'm scoring goals is cuz he's gone for risky stuff that I can say and I get him on the counter-attack good shot not much I can do there I'm just gonna wait I'm waiting yes 26 seconds to score three goals all we have to do is wait for him to come to us alright GG we officially won Mercy's tournament that was a lot of fun this guy was quite good like I said but you went for pretty risky stuff alright the spinning trophy that means absolutely nothing has got me pretty high for the win I hope you guys did enjoy this video if you click the video you see on the in screen now you can check out Mercy's video and find out how he did using my car and camera settings against my subscribers so yeah you can click here and check it out on his channel I'm sure you guys will enjoy his content but with that being said I'll see you guys in the next one peace


[Music] hi it's Jan Vita and I'm back here with my Amstrad CPC 464 that I did some restoration work on in one of the previous videos and also retrofitted a little funnel Jack there to have an external audio input to bypass the beta quarter which is severely broken this one and I am still going to try and fix it sometime but not today because today is about a little device I bought that you can see plugged in the back here to make my live life that easier loading stuff from audio devices connected to this audio input jack is kind of hid in this it works sometimes sometimes it works halfway and then the system just crashes because it didn't really load the program you wanted to load correctly there's all kinds of problems with like multi loads stuff so I went online and researched more convenient ways to get actual software started on this system one of which is of course to buy an original disc drive for the cpc464 which exists they are called the FT one you need a disk drive interface for the cpc464 because there's no such circuitry built into this so you need an interface which costs a pretty penny these days and you need an original Drive which is the DDI one is the disc drive interface and the FD one is the floppy disk drive you can get for these and these things are pretty unreliable I think and they are also variously expensive especially because they use the three inch floppy disks and these three inch floppy disks are getting rare and expensive these days and many of them are not working anymore so there's not many modern interfaces made for the CPC line of computers these days one of the only the only people I've found that these is zaxxon and do my research I got pretty much to the point where this is the only alternative I have he makes disk drive interfaces modern disk drive interfaces for the CPC line of computers he has different models some of which work for different CPC models the four six four plus and the six 128 I wanted one that works on my cpc464 he makes some of them that already have this Drive emulator built-in so you can just put disk files on a USB stick and plug it in or on an SD card I believe this one is the DDI 4 which has a 512 kilobytes Ram expansion which I find pretty nice because it should enable my cpc464 to run cpc's 6 128 software because I have sufficient RAM for that which is the main difference I think between the 4 6 forms of 6 128 and excuse me if I get stuff wrong because I'm a total CPC noob so take everything I say in this video with a grain of salt so umm I wanted something that plugs into my cpc464 and I can hook up the gotek 2 or a modern-day or have a modern-day disk drive like 3 and a half inch floppy disk drive which I have a couple of standard PC drives and this has the standard 34 pin this drive connector and it also has 512 kilobytes ram as i said it has a reset button it has the parados rom built in which is a rom made in 2015 I believe that has all kinds of functions to be able to use three-and-a-half inch floppy disk drives on the CPC and it also has a a BBA switch to connect multiple drives can like use a cable like a standard floppy disk drive cable has two connectors on them on it you can connect two drives daisy chain them together in theory i'm not going to use that feature i think maybe i am going to use that in the future and what's also nice as the cartridge edge connector going through it so you can also connect another cartridge additionally if you so desire when I initially got this opposed the pictures of this on Twitter and immediately got warrants by people that as Exxon's customer service would not be very good and this would not be very well documented and yeah there are all kinds of problems about that stuff I found that this is pretty well made at least from the outside I've read through some forum posts and stuff and there was at least one case where there was a capacitor and put in the wrong way that somebody had in a forum and he complained about it and allegedly contacted the axon and Jackson reacted a pretty angry way and didn't really give a nice service there's basically no documentation about this particular device that I could find online on Jackson's side I couldn't really find it 8-bit clone dot comas the address that's like a block which has very rudimentary information on it this is not for everyone I think this is for people who have the patience to go through forum posts and read up on things and then you can figure out how this thing works so I'm I'm trying to make a video where I explain a bit how this works so maybe people are going to buy these anyway because of this video because I think this is a very handy device if you have a sleepy sleep and want to use modern storage devices with it like the go tech for example so I think the initial problem in the forum that I read about was connecting an FD onedrive like original Amstrad or Schneider which is the German version of these CPC drive floppy disk drive to this interface which requires modification to the cable which I'm going to link in below I'm also going to link the forum thread so you can read up on stuff yourself and like I'm not going to judge anyone but yeah just going to post it for completeness reasons I found that this works so far I had it plugged in and it doesn't do anything weird seems to just work we are going to try and connect a gotek and see if actually the disk loading stuff works - at least it didn't destroy my machine it didn't get hot or anything seems to be well made and nicely constructed so far case seems to be solid yeah I had to clean up the edge connector on my CPC quite a bit before I make I could make it work because that was the didn't make good contact so the cartridge didn't really show up in the beginning but then after I put some conditioner into the contacts it worked so this plugs into the floppy disk connector obviously because this is yes it's like the main edge connector port the CPC has so we are going to connect this and I don't think you can connect another floppy disk interface which you you don't need to really because this does all the interfacing stuff I think there's some other peripherals that you can connect through the sport that you can still connect because the edge connector is continued here so far I have figured out that this is the reset button obviously just resets the system this little switch switches between the parados ROM that's in here and the regular amps dos ROM which is the normal CPC Amstrad dos you can switch between us and this is the a BB a switch which switches the drive addresses around in case we have two drives connected I think I won't be using this today because I only plan on connecting one gotek to this if you are looking for information about other stuff this is not the video for you I'm afraid so if you're not familiar with goal tags this is the goal tag drive which is emulating it pretends to be a disk drive basically it has the same connections as a disk drive you can put a USB stick in this USB connector with disk images on it and depending on the firmware that is on this it reads all kinds of images and works with all kinds of computers this one has the flash floppy firmware on it which I recommend I got this from Amiga store dot EU and it's yeah it's it's equipped with all kinds of little it has little ole at this play and little rotary encoder knob and like two buttons and two LEDs normally in the basic configuration you get like a seven segment display and only the two buttons and one led I think you can you just see the number of the disk image you have selected in this case you will see we will see the the name of the disk image and I can select it by pushing the button and scroll through them by using the rotary encoder so this is the the luxury version I am going to make another video where I upgrade a standard gotek to this basically but that video isn't finished yet so this probably is going to be out before the go tech flash floppy upgrading video sorry about the end so what we are going to need is power for this drive the go text only take 5 volts power regular disk graphs usually take 5 volts and 12 and we need a disk drive cable width which is 34 pin cable like this one this is a standard PC 34 pin disc drive cable to connect this drive drives in a regular modern-day or not so modern day PC like when floppy disk drive still came in PCs this was the standard cable you can see that this has this cable has the pins reversed for some of the connections there so we are going to need a straight connection for the gotek drive I think so we are going to use this portion of the cable where there are no wires changed around that should work fine we just have to pay attention where pin one is which is indicated by the red wire and also this little indentation on the connector and on the socket here so you can't really go wrong I also marked pin 1 with a red stripe on my goat egg here so because it's it varies for different computers and for their different connections so you want to make sure that that's connected the right way wrong especially on the power connector but that's also marked on the PCBs we are going to see so or this drive cable should work without modification we're going to see about that because I haven't tried this I'm trying this the first time on video for the power connector we need 5 volts on the rightmost pin here and I think the middle two pins are ground so we need to connect 1 to 5 volts and one to grow on basically you can just get these connectors and cables pre-made basically I'm just going to make my own cable I think because I can so the go tech takes 5 volts what else has 5 volts right USB so my plan is to just cut this random USB cable at lying rounds and use that as my power supply cable for the gotek and just use a phone charger or maybe a PC should also be sufficient to power a go Tech drive from the USB port and I'm going to make my own connector from my set of crimping connectors with my crimping tool which I've also already as shown off in the commodore 16 Ram expansion video that I'm going to link ill in here and this time I'm going to link this tool in the description as well it's not very expensive not the best one but it's sufficient for my use I have to say and it's really a need to have something like this because you can just make a connector like these which should fit it should just fit on here and if you put the contacts in there it grips because this has the same pin spacing as a standard pin header so the 2.45 4 millimeters pin spacing is probably derived from inches so it's tenth of an inch I believe is it correct I don't know much about interest because I'm in Germany in Europe so we don't use inches that often so what I'm going to do is to cut the cable and crimp on the new connector and then see if we can power the gotek with a USB power supply before I go on and cut this cable I want to point out that this video was sponsored by a PCB way to do something more constructive you can order your self-made PCBs from them they are offering PCB manufacturing services for your prototyping stuff and also larger scale projects and they have very high quality and short turnaround times while being very reasonably priced and they offer great service too so I can recommend them and they spawn with this video thanks piece of you wait ok let's do this ok so this is pretty this is pretty decent cable actually it's got a thick layer of shielding on it which we don't need at all usually though the USB cables are just for wires that are most of them that I've seen are correctly color-coded so this is going to be data lines are green and white and the black and the red one are going to be grounds and 5 volts positive so we don't need these we don't need the shielding we just need the red and the black wire basically I'm just going to verify that these are the correct wires by connecting this to a USB power supply and measuring with multimeter because I'm going to strip the wires first I need to do anyway ok ideally we're going to have five volts across here yay okay that's going to be enough so for crimping we need contacts these Commons this thing here these are the contacts for the plug thingies I need to I think so this is going to be difficult to film what the camera on the way basically what I want to do is to stick these in here there's two sections on these one with the low flaps that grips the cable I think and one with the shorter flaps that grips the that makes actually makes contact to the wire so you want to position this in a way kind of need a steady hand for this you can put this in and hold it in a bit and then put the wire in I think that's the way people do it I'm going to try yeah that worked okay let me try and do this again so I'm putting my little contact into the into the tool you know pushing down just so much that it holds it and this actually locks in place so it's easy to do then I put the wire in in the correct position so that the larger flaps grab the insulation and the smaller flaps grab the wire and then I'm pushing and ideally yeah this makes a really strong physically strong and electrically good connection and these just can just be plucked into our little plastic housing from the side with the larger holes and should just lock in place with the other little flaps that they have on the top there so I kind of want to get rid of the those stuff we don't need here just going to slide this over the cable so we don't have to do it afterwards now I'm just going to try to put these contacts into the actual connector we need five volts here Oh rather way around of course five volts on Elio and then I'm just going to use I think the middle two pins are connected together hold on yes they are okay the middle two pins are both ground so we only connect one to ground you only need to connect one to round and we are going to leave a little gap because for good measure it's not like anything's going to explode we don't so the five volts positive is a bit at an angle so we have to think we have to reinsert it there after the little flaps didn't Bend right I think I inserted it at an angle into the tool so one of the little flaps is in the way now unprofessional yeah this should do it sorry about that now it should be yeah locks in place so this should connect like this and it does nice no worries there so we made a power connector Kahless realized i did it very unprofessionally because pin one should be the five volts and the pin one marking on this connector is here so it's completely you should do this the other way around if you want to pass as a professional which I'm clearly not but I know so I'm going to have to remember this also I think it can't do any harm because the other pin is just not connected so if we if you put this in in Reverse grounds still going to be ground and the five volts is just going to go nowhere in this case we're going to get away like this and it seems to work we have the flash floppy startup message here and yeah it doesn't do anything because we don't have a USB stick connected with our disk emitters but we have power nice so the rest should basically be a matter of connecting the disk drive cable and turning the machine on and we should have a working disk drive or at least a disk drive emulator so should like this and then the the end with without the twisted cables should go into the DDI for interface and of course I could use some better cable for this but this is what I have at the moment so my guess is that pin ones here where it says 34 P we're going to find out pretty quickly I guess yeah you need to connect up the gotek to power oh and of course any chains early USB stick with some disk images first before I can do anything basically hmm let me quickly fetch some disk images yeah the EOTech or the flash floppy firm rather warns me that the ribbon cable maybe upside down so probably it has to be connected the other way around the other way around so the pin one is facing upwards which makes sense of course just as much there we go okay I put some disk images on the USB stick you can see sticking out here just downloaded the Cossack tag of basically all collected works that have been ever released for the CPC I'm not going to link to that because I don't know if there's anything on there that's not quite legal probably there is so I'm going to leave you with searching for that yourself you can just basically it's it's pretty easy to find disk files the SKA files should work with flash copy firmware and HFE files I believe should also work I have dsk files on here 128 once and I just I can like turn this rotary encoder and select one and then it should insert it by just pushing down should of course turn on the CPC to see if this actually works so fingers crossed this actually works this should have juice already so we should be able to see the directory I think so we should load Google probably see if that works it doesn't do oh it does to the led thing but it has little speaker which doesn't seem to work and I don't know why maybe it just doesn't work with the CPC okay doesn't work oh now it works the memory is full okay let's reset I'm a complete CPC new so please excuse any inconsistencies the memories fall that's bad why is the memory fool so the goal tech works but it says my memories fall of course we should also have 512k memory expansion okay it turns out I'm just a CPC new book as I said before this works fine actually I was doing this load disk which gives me a memory full for some larger games and I should be able to run this with run because it uses a different memory map or something like that so we can use the full memory with the run command and this should actually work and this is one of the reasons why I wanted to have this DDI for with the memory expansion because there's actually a new version of pinball dreams believe it or not for the Amstrad CPC and it's quite glorious my upscaler doesn't play well with the sudden change in resolution I guess because the CPC has quite some different screen modes there we go and this originally only runs on the cpc6128 with more memory and now it runs on my for 600 with the memory expansion without any problems I just started it and it works which is great of course this is one of the reasons why I bought this in the first place yeah and this is absolutely this is absolutely amazing let's try nightmare and it's fast to go tech this really quick loading stuff it seems this is so awesome I mean this is the original version is an Amiga version and this looks except for the pixels being a bit more blocky this looks really smooth and really colourful I'm going to link this in we know so you can this is a free download as well so this is like a hobbyist remake of pinball dreams for the idea of the Amiga version and that's lost the ball right away because I can't play games and talk which reminds me to advertise my twitch channel that I recently started again going to link that in now so if you want to see me sucking at games and talking at the same time more often you can check out my twitch channel I usually stream on Thursday evenings from original old hardware that I repair on the YouTube channel mostly or that I refurbish on the YouTube channel so maybe see you there here's another thing that I'm trying for the first time today this controller which is specific to the CPC because the it has the db9 connector like the Atari joysticks have two but it has a slightly different panel this one was designed and made by the geek or GK I'm going to link this in in the description and he's going to sell these at some point these are really well made 3d printed all DIY stuff you can take this apart and have this is like the size of NES controller basically and you can add this power so you have a bit more grip I think I like it better like this I'm not used to the small stuff this works really well it's like clicky buttons all around and feels really sturdy and good so I can recommend this going to link the site in below and that's going to be some kind of notification there when these are available I guess and I'm also going to alert people about these because I really like this stuff self-made control pad for the CPC yes so that's pretty much it for today thanks for watching hope to see you again on this channel sometime I am young bitter one drastic and special thanks go to my patreon supporters who are going to be listed in the credits roll as per usual and I'm going to enjoy me some booze Esch now with my much more new useful CPC and my new controller oops anyway thanks for watching Aria beta see you next time


vsauce kevin here and you have a dilemma i have two envelopes and you can only choose one there's door number one and there's door number two uh oh there's actually three envelopes here uh great now we no longer have a dilemma here's why die comes from the greek twice and lemma means premise so a dilemma involves two promises from which you have to choose adding a third envelope means that this choice isn't technically a dilemma but it does set up a very famous paradox wait let's dissect the word paradox like we just did with dilemma to find out exactly what a paradox is okay pera comes from the greek distinct from and dox comes from doxa meaning our opinion paradox translates literally as distinct from our opinion so there you go now distinct from our opinion that didn't really help at all i thought a paradox was like an unsolvable brain teaser so how do three envelopes set up a paradox what is a paradox [Music] in 1961 logician and philosopher willard van orman kwine outlined the three categories of paradoxes and i have them each hidden inside these three envelopes one represents the kind of paradox that you're most familiar with those that defy logic like the impossible waterfall from this video's intro the other two are what well let's crack one of them open and find out falsetical this is why achilles can never catch a tortoise we'll use this bootleg rambo to represent achilles and a ninja turtle pez will be our tortoise if the tortoise gets a 100 meter head start then achilles starts running by the time he gets to the 100 meter mark the tortoise will have moved a another meter it takes achilles some more time to get to that 101 meter mark and in that time the tortoise has moved even further achilles will always be catching up to the place where the tortoise was as the tortoise inches forward the gap gets smaller and smaller but the tortoise is always slightly ahead according to greek philosopher zeno of elia who dreamed up this paradox 2500 years ago the fastest runner in the world can never overtake a tortoise in a race because you can infinitely divide the distance between them as the tortoise advances but that's ridiculous we know it's not true even with a head start i could outrun a tortoise and i'm no achilles so how can this be a paradox zeno knew achilles could catch up to the tortoise in real life but he couldn't prove it mathematically he thought there would be an infinite number of new points for the tortoise to reach that achilles had to reach because he didn't know that an infinite series of numbers could add up to a finite value no one knew that for another 2 thousand years what we now call a convergent series one-half plus one-fourth plus one-eighth plus one-sixteenth plus one-thirty-second goes on forever but it eventually adds up to one and at that one is where mathematically achilles finally reaches the tortoise we knew that achilles could catch up to the tortoise but it took inventing calculus for us to prove why which is why this paradox that confounded great minds for thousands of years is falsitical described by quine like this a falsitical paradox packs a surprise but it is seen as a false alarm when we solve the underlying fallacy okay that's one paradox envelope down and two to go and behind number two we have vertical for this we need a game show okay i'm gonna replace the two envelopes we've already opened with some prizes uh how about one million dollars will go into one of them and the uh glob glow gab collab will go in the other it's a good enough prize as any the third envelope still contains the term for the final type of paradox which we'll get to later all right i will uh shuffle these up so you don't know which is which now you've got three envelopes x y and z pick the correct one and you win the grand prize after you make your selection let's say envelope x the game show host reveals what's inside one of the two remaining envelopes it's the glob now there are only two envelopes left the one that you chose and the remaining mystery envelope he gives you the option to switch your envelope should you do it does it even matter i mean at this point your odds of winning are just 50 50. right no you should always switch and here's why the odds of winning with your first chosen envelope are one in three so you have a 33.33 repeating chance of being right and a 66.66 repeating chance of being wrong when the game show host revealed the glob it didn't suddenly improve your odds to 50 50 the proof is in the options after first choosing an envelope the thing revealed by the host will never be the money because well that would ruin the tension of the game show so if your initial one out of three pick wasn't the money and the money is y then the host will reveal z if you chose wrong and the money is z the host reveals why if you luckily chose the money the first time then the host can reveal either z or why it doesn't matter no matter what you're still stuck in that initial 33 chance that you chose right the very first time but if you switch regardless of the prize revealed you now leap into the 66 zone you've doubled your chances of getting the money to put it another way when you're asked if you want to switch you're actually being given a dilemma do you want to keep your single envelope or do you want both of the other two it just so happens that you already know what's inside one of them but since the one revealed will never contain the money the chances that the other unopened one has the money are twice as high as the first one that you chose the monty hall problem blew up after a 1990 parade magazine columnist advocated switching doors in the same scenario from the game show let's make a deal when she told readers they should always switch to improve their odds of winning nearly a thousand people with phds wrote in to tell her that she was wrong she wasn't wrong they were so the monty hall paradox like the potato paradox we recently covered is an example of one that is a vertical paradox one that initially seems wrong but has proven to be true quine said a veritical paradox packs a surprise but the surprise quickly dissipates itself as we ponder the proof okay there are paradoxes that seem absurd but have a perfectly good explanation and ones that seem false and actually are false because of an underlying fallacy even if it takes a major advance in math to prove it this last envelope contains the kind that we think of when we all think of paradoxes antinomy the grandfather paradox where you go back in time to kill your grandfather when he was a child but that means your father was never born so you were never born so how can you go back in time to kill your grandfather it's ridiculous metaphysics proposed a solution to this but these types of paradoxes are not true or false actually they can't be true and they can't be false as quine put it they create a crisis in thought i am lying if i'm lying when i say that then i must actually be telling the truth but how can i be telling the truth if i'm lying the liar's paradox is an example of antinomy which literally means against laws and highlights a serious logical incompatibility quan said klein said that this tape thing was a good idea in theory but uh in practice not so much quine said an antinomy packs a surprise that can be accommodated by nothing less than a repudiation of part of our conceptual heritage here's the thing antinomies are paradoxes to us all falsitical and theoretical paradoxes are only paradoxes to those who don't know the solution but they still have value every time we resolve a scenario that runs counter to hour or someone else's initial expectations every time we learn the how and the why and share that information we're refining and clarifying knowledge which makes all three types of paradoxes excellent tools for reasoning whether or not something is paradoxical to an individual depends on the accuracy of their expectations today modern mathematics has given us the ability to show that zeno's paradoxes are falsitical but they were pure antinomy unresolved to everyone for millennia coin himself said one man's antinomy is another man's falsitical paradox give or take a couple of thousand years who knows which antinomies of today will be solved in the future right now we struggle with the paradox of the faint young sun our current knowledge of stars says that billions of years ago our sun wasn't hot enough to keep the earth from being a ball of ice but our geological evidence shows an ancient earth with liquid oceans and budding life when everything should have been frozen how could the earth have liquid water without a sun hot enough to melt ice it's antinomy until we fully comprehend the situation maybe our current understanding of the sun isn't perfect or maybe our knowledge of early earth is missing some pieces a paradox is a problem where the solution is or is made to seem impossible sometimes they're purposefully designed for fun because our minds like puzzles sometimes we just stumble on a gap between what we know and how we talk about what we know and what is actually true when we solve an impossible antinomy it becomes falsitical or veritical someone who knows the answer can see what the problem was all along we tricked ourselves by knowing too little or by asking the wrong question in one way or another all paradoxes come from people by challenging us to find the flaw or fill the gap in our knowledge paradoxes help us define and push our intellectual boundaries there's always more for us to know whether we know it or not and as always thanks for