since the industrial revolution humans have released over 1.5 trillion tons of carbon dioxide or co2 into the earth's atmosphere in the year 2019 we were still pumping out around 37 billion more that's 50 more than the year 2000 and almost three times as much as 50 years ago and it's not just co2 we're also pumping out growing volumes of other greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide combining all of our greenhouse gases we're emitting 51 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalents each year and emissions keep rising but they need to get down to zero in recent years the consequences have become more serious and visible almost every year breaks some horrible record we've had more heat waves the most glaciers melting and the lowest amount of ice ever recorded at the north pole of the last 22 years 20 have been the hottest on record the only way to limit this rapid climate change is to decrease our collective emissions quickly but although all countries agree on this goal in principle they do not agree who is responsible or who should bear the heaviest load the developed countries point at their own efforts to reduce emissions and the fact that the large developing countries on the rise especially china are currently releasing much more co2 on the other hand developing countries argue that emissions by the west are lifestyle emissions while for developing countries they are survival emissions others call rich countries hypocrites that got rich by polluting without restraint and now expect others not to industrialize and stay poor so who is responsible for climate change and co2 emissions and regardless of the past who needs to do the most today in this video we'll talk exclusively about nation state we'll look at the fossil fuel industry in another video question one of three which countries emit the most carbon dioxide today in 2017 humans emitted about 36 billion tons of co2 more than 50 percent came from asia north america and europe followed with 18 and 17 while africa south america and oceania together only contributed 8 china is by far the world's largest emitter with 10 billion tons of co2 every year or 27 of global emissions it's followed by the usa with 15 percent and the european union with around 10 percent together this is more than half of the world's co2 emissions so it's clear that without the willingness and action of these three industrial blocks humanity will not be able to become carbon neutral and prevent severe climate change next on our list is india at seven percent russia at five percent japan at three percent and iran saudi arabia south korea and canada or just short of two percent together with the first three the top 10 are responsible for 75 percent of global emissions but if we only look at the current situation we're not getting the full picture question two of three which countries have emitted the most in total if we look at emissions throughout history until today the outlook changes drastically the us and the eu both knock china off the top spot the us is responsible for 25 percent of the world's historical emissions emitting 400 billion tons mostly in the 20th century in second place is the eu at 22 china comes in third at just under 13 around half of the usa's contribution india's contribution shrinks to 3 along with the whole of africa and south america the uk is responsible for one percent of annual global emissions but takes five percent of the historical responsibility germany producing two percent of emissions per year today has contributed almost six percent as much as the whole of africa and south america combined so the narrative that rapid climate change is really the responsibility of the developing world is hard to defend if facts matter to you but this is still not the whole story because focusing on countries mixes two things population numbers and total emissions if a country has more people in general its emissions are of course higher things look very different if we look at individuals like you dear viewer question three of three which countries emit the most carbon dioxide per person the average human is responsible for around 5 tons of co2 each year but averages can be misleading the countries with the largest co2 emissions per person are some of the world's major oil and gas producers in 2017 qatar had the highest emissions at a hefty 49 tonnes per person followed by trinidad and tobago kuwait the united arab emirates brunei bahrain and saudi arabia but those are outliers australians have one of the highest carbon footprints per person 17 tons a year that's more than triple the global average and slightly more than the average u.s american and canadian at 16 tons the germans do a little better at close to 10 tonnes but this is still twice the global average china may be the world's largest emitter but it's also the world's most populous country with over 1.4 billion people 18.5 percent of the world population per person it's above average at seven tons historically co2 emissions have been closely tied to a high standard of living wealth is one of the strongest indicators of our carbon footprint because as we move from poor to rich we gain access to electricity heating air conditioning lighting modern cooking cars or planes smartphones computers and interact with people across the world online the enormous rise of china's co2 emissions is coupled with the greatest reduction of poverty in history if we order co2 emissions by income we see that the richest half of countries are responsible for 86 percent of global emissions and the bottom half for only 14 percent the average german emits more than five times as much as the average indian in just 2.3 days the average american emits as much as the average nigerian in a year and not only that the harsh reality is that it's the countries that contribute least to the problem that stand to lose the most from rapid climate change the developing world will be hit the hardest the consequences could be food insecurity conflicts over resources harsher and more frequent natural disasters and large climate refugee movements question four of three so who should take responsibility many of today's richest countries are in a convenient position they have become rich over centuries of fossil fuel burning and industrial production they have a large historical footprint and their wealth means they still emit a lot per person but their country's annual emissions are now dwarfed by other countries because the giant that is china is finally catching up and other giants like india are on their way many germans for example wonder how if germany only accounts for two percent of yearly emissions it can have a meaningful impact on reducing emissions the answer is simple for one the richest countries have the resources highly educated workforces and technology to develop low-cost low-carbon solutions and spread them around the world if we don't want poorer countries to become as fossil fuel dependent as we are we need low carbon technology to be cheap and available and we're getting there the cost of renewables is falling quickly and a variety of solutions are on the horizon for many different sectors but it needs to happen much faster if the rich countries of the west decide to seriously tackle rapid climate change the rest of the world would follow because it has no choice just like when the european union enforced energy efficiency standards for technology the rest of the world adopted them too because they wanted to be able to continue trading with the block still this doesn't absolve others of their responsibility china is the largest co2 emitter today and it's china's responsibility to grow in a way that will make it possible to transition to a zero-carbon world in time others acting irresponsibly yesterday is a horrible excuse for repeating the same mistakes today climate change is a global problem and no country alone can fix it working out who's responsible is not as simple as it seems and in a way it's a daft question but one that has played international politics for decades in the end it's pretty simple everybody needs to do the best they can and right now we are all not doing that but we can begin today this video is part of a series about climate change supported by breakthrough energy a coalition founded by bill gates that's working to expand clean energy investment and support the innovations that will lead the world to net zero carbon emissions also a special thanks to the team at our world in data for helping us out with data and research [Music]


hello and welcome to another jungle video and in this one we're going to look at the play style of waltz final MVP FP XT an his rope rush and pass thing coupled with his decision-making gives him this presence and illusion that he's every on the map and at any moment could be there for a gank skirmish or even just sneaking a dragon because he was in the EU s server for worlds over the past month we had the unique possibility of observing his solo q game so that we can actually learn from his tendencies and pressure and apply it to our own games and that's the golf of this video with his play style he is commonly three symbols up on the enemy jungler and honestly having that in our minds is a great thing that we can all benefit from considering that camp changes that are coming in season 10 so without further delay in sure you click the like button if you enjoy the video and consider subscribing for all that season 10 goodness coming up studying next week and now some godly jungling will join you after this brief message from rust the end of season has arrived and you have still not reached to goal how sad but that's okay oh peter gigi is here with a chrome extension to automatically enable that multi search you need to scout your teammates inadequacies it will give you their win rate the most used champions their main roles they will percentage their mastery levels everything you need to know which lane to camp it will also open a stat page for the champion you chose and along with the automatic group setting an automatic item recommendation the Oh Peter GG extension is here to help you win clime and conquer please click the link in the description below that was a pretty good take right now we do have a main game that we can learn from that encompasses all his tendencies but also some other examples that I'll show at the end of the video so that you can see he pulls us off with a variety of champions but because he chose Lee sin for his world championship skin we shall use that as our primary example now his only route isn't anything special just your typical red side clear however it's worth noting what a jungler does after those first three camps what a jungler does when he gets level 3 is basically representative of what kind of jungler he actually is some will look for that level 6 rush play the bottom side be very passive aggressive jungles who have a unique ability to read and predict what the enemy's going to do are usually some of the best in the world in this case he likes to generally go and invade and timers approach such that he can match up with the junga at the second buff this is especially true if he has any vision cues like he did in this situation now obviously your chosen champion needs to be able to conduct these things and handle themselves especially if you don't have Lane priority and you also need to be able to read lane states very quickly and this is something he does quite often whether it's an early gank level three or invading onto the enemy jungler to basically take them out of the game he trusts his mechanic or outplay potential and his jungle choices in order to gain that lead and if the enemy jungler in the situation like this goes to gank the grog has actually left his blue to go to the top lane you can kill him as he falls back yet that 1v1 kill and then when the top laner rotates take him out as well this kind of stuff will not change in season 10 remember you will be able to get level 3 on either side of the map blue or red but the takeaway is after making such a play most people end up just walking away LOI though people sometimes will have a really good early gameplay but then they don't push that advantage in any way if you want to be three levels up look to take camps on your way out and there's a very specific reason of why I'm telling you this and we'll get to it shortly but after doing the crab he goes back to base he gets a nice purchase and then he can move on down to the river and try and get that second crab now you will notice the Recon goes roaming with him now that is actually his teammate on fpx crisp who was just as responsible for the World Championship when as Tian was and he couldn't have done what he did from the jungle without the support of his support now he takes a nice wide angle passing around the bush so that Gragas while he was conducting a gank will not anticipate the Leeson being there right at that moment and because of this and because of the level and experience advantage with the Rises support can easily secure another kill now the important part to note about these two minutes thirty cam timers from season nine is that because Gragas knows Leeson most likely took his grump and he got the blues so there's no point going back to the topside he's forced into the bottom side the thing about that is that the camps of not yet responsive Gragas is forced into taking desperate ganks this means as a jungler if you have the right mindset and you know what you're going to do to the enemy jungler you should be there for a counter gank as the Leeson was following that now the sport timer of the Raptors and crux the second tier spawn should both be up at this stage if your support player as well as a jungle play this is why it's good to duo as a support and jungler together because your experience advantages do not matter as much as a support if your goal is to make the enemy jungler look like yang cause you know in the early game in the finals nonexistent now to increase this even further what he does is instead of taking those crog's his support will go and put that deep vision down on the crog's deep by the red buff and then he can go and solo that Drake very easily the power of early game junglers right and gragas is so hungry for any sort of catch-up experience to get any camps he just thinks the old gods and the new for those crog's that have been left alone such that he can eat something not that he really needs at his Gragas but then leasing can fall back take his brew side camps remove them from the counter jungling possibilities the enemy jungler again will feel the need to do something his second red buff is coming up he wants to have control over that he will look to gank in the bottom side but in the meantime you can look with your level lead at this moment to punish any lane is trying to push the lane before they go back get level 6 and so on and he takes out the Orianna all by himself now because the Gragas was on the bottom lane trying to get a gank off in fact he did get a gank off Leasing can take the red buff and then collapse on him now if your mid laner doesn't rotate down this is a stupid move your ADC is dead your supports lower levels he's not in position to help you you need to be careful it is a wasted flash partying but the rise does come down they grouped together and they pick off at least one a quick use of the flash that kept him from death's grasp and now he can go back to base and spend his disturbing amount of gold and now the reason for invading in taking the buff and taking a camp on your way out that he did at level 3 is that you either force the jungler to be in a position where you can count again can take advantage of it or you force them to gank in a certain situation which might look bad from the lanús perspective but from a junglers perspective you're taking an objective somewhere else and getting even more valeted for yourself and your team he does this quite often in his games and in season 10 this will not work as well because those camps will come up sooner junglers won't feel the need to force gank when they've been invaded and lost camps because his spawn time is going down by 30 seconds means instead of rushing that gank level 3 on the mid lane that the Gragas did releasing got a second kill he can instead do his raptors and crux for the second time and be caught up and experienced enough that he can actually have an impact on the game now here his goal is simply to take his Raptors to get level 7 because that level 7 if the Gragas has taken any camp so gets level 6 means he still will have a level up the enemy top laner has ideas of his own I guess trying to collapse on the red buff perhaps flying down to the mid lane to use his ultimate and he runs into the Lee sin who says thank you very much for the free kill the Gragas had manages Kiera's blue buff uses the predator but then has to back out again cuz he's still two levels down that means he's going to give up his rubber handed grump camp which in season ten remember will be increased crowds will be less grump will be more this means you don't to be giving up too many edge counsel whatsoever on either side of the map again forcing the Gragas out of the topside jungle not letting him rest easy not letting him get fish in town and not even letting him get into the river at all and yes you said well he's leasing he's a pro player that's very easy yeah but you could do it too if your jungler wins the matchup and you have a two level lead even if you don't really win the matchup if your two levels up you should still be able to exert your will on the enemy jungler he didn't fall into this pattern of going to the red buff from the crog's he just said well I'm gonna take raptors and invade on the blue oh look there's an owner I'll take him out and I get to take grump again now they dance across the midline you see the rise is keeping up his good vision control over the enemy Raptor camp Miz Linus please take note of this and there is a little bit if I disconnect where the rekon goes in he is level four enemy loyalist level six because when you roam so much and get vision it's great for your jungler it isn't so great for you and the ADC so as a jungler you do need to keep in mind and yes if you're a wolf champion winning support it's not so much an issue but in solo queue for your support doing this please keep an eye on your experience levels know that you will need to have the jungle support when you go in these invades TN was simply getting some vision down doesn't mean necessarily to go in he actually didn't really want to take those camps because guess what you go back to base you move on to your red buff you get to take that your love will aid the Gragas knows hey the support stared the Leeson had to leave I get a free gank in the bottom lane how cool is this we get to chef tower plates however the least and understood that once recon died garagas had control of his jungle again would quickly eat those camps up so he can go and take that rift Herald you will also notice his top laner did actually die in the meantime as well so it's not like all those lanes are ruffle stomping his bottom line is in a bit of a weird spot because of recons perma roaming this top laner just died and it's really only his mid laner that is definitively ahead and once you have the Herald you need to make your play on the map read in the map what is the situation the three in the bottom Lane are still there still trying to shove those towers get first tower gold get experience for Gragas is snobol that ADC lead that they have so these senses well let me go top lane faker tower dive and as any on menos when you try and interrupt the herald with the ultimate from a long distance it's most likely not going to make it you know in season 10 it would because a channel time instead of being four seconds is actually going to be one second so is all pleased next week when it comes don't start all ting heralds even definitely not gonna make it the drift child lays him smackdown on the tower plates true damage free gold Oriana rotates Leeson picks up two kills he gets a smack away at the tower the whole time shoves the wave all the way to the next tower and goes back to base he's level ten Gragas is level seven the consistent camp denial the inability for the enemy jungler to counter jungle whatsoever forcing drivers to be in certain sides of the map because of the camps you're stealing having your supporter mid laner help ward yes you're gonna say my mid lane and support don't ward it's time to stop complaining guys take matters into your own hands put towards yourself read the enemy jungler yourself stop blaming teammates because I guarantee you TN doesn't have this in every game he plays he just has this natural intuition about how to play the game and read where the enemy jungle is going to be we all don't have that but we can educate ourselves and increase the speed at which we process in game information and overtime this does improve knowing the limits of your champion is also important because with Lee sin you have a certain power level that others don't so the mobility that others don't you have to owed back to bot lane there's nothing left on the top side of the map no tower no Herald your top laner can also go and counter jungle and steal Gragas camps this forces the drivers to the bottom side and while you are looking for a normal gank with a normal amount of pressure given they couldn't actually end up taking the bottom side tower if things don't go so well make sure to use your mechanical ability and huge lead to pick you up a nice triple kill yes when you die you give that shot on gold so do be careful don't always throw that away and now the next phase is when most low elo junglers met MMR junglers will fail to translate these only game leads into victories you've controlled the enemy jungle you've controlled the temple of the game you've closed the map down and focused it into the middle and bottom line because Toph is of course taken what you need to know is that paying attention to your level spikes is very important it can be very important to get love with xi before those mid game skirmishes because of the upgrade to your ultimate in terms of cooldown and damage also a lot of players will end up having the enemy team group because you force them to group because you closed the map down and then you actually are off farming trying to clear up your camps that you've been leaving for so long what Tien does and most junglers should be doing is that you take those camps when your lane is or team on not coordinated maybe your ADC died and he's back in base and you want to wait for him before you grip up and take a fight you take those camps and when he does show up then you can move together as a unit push on down the lanes and win those fights Laurie Lowe jungles will get too caught up in camp sequencing in the mid-game which is not really what you want to be doing you want to pick those camps up during downtime so that you can get those levels back but not at the expense of losing fights on that note you should be watching Lee sin have a really nice fight and his team again picking up a huge win this is because he very often is the Go button for his team when your champion has mobility your damage output good item leads the fact that you can assassinate someone and you can move around fights in a very strong way that's what you should be looking to do you're not waiting for your teammates to engage you do it very often if you have this kind of lead you can assassinate anyone and if you can do that to a priority target then that should win you the rest of the skirmishes just be a word that good mechanics and being able to move in and out of those teamfights is absolutely huge I'm not saying take her exercise flank the ADC when they have ultimate and flash up and then you miss everything and you die you have to pay attention to what you're playing and know when to use your abilities and that's what he did absolutely perfectly in those World Championship finals he was the Go button he was hitting crucial Ultimates to set his team up he was making those moves then when you thought a GG was gonna be gonna win here TN shows up or TN goes in and it's a surprise and boom his team wins the fight he does that in this game too and in his solo q games he knows when they hit the Go button he is perfect timing perfect target selection he gets himself that lead such that when those moments do happen even if he dies under a tower like you see here the damage is already done and his team can actually clean up very easily it's an MVP performance in all the solo q games it's the amount of damage he gets off before he dies in those fights and that's what's so crucial if you're the fed member you go in and you make that mistake and you die that I referenced in the last video you can't expect your team to bail you out if you are the one that's meant to deal a damage and you end up doing nothing and basically this game was very easily closed by around 24 minutes or so you'll see clips of his skirmishes and fights to the ends of giving him 20 kills but the point is he uses those principles we talked about in the early game in the early mid game - then dominate these skirmishes dominate these teamfights the enemy jungler is absolutely nothing and when they're atomization is broken like the Gragas Marella's instead of the utility of say zhonya's in these situations it just makes it that much more easy sergyei hysterics you know rushing those items early if you get them ahead of the curve can basically make you very difficult to deal with in those fights and don't forget how pushing and Barron's after you do that and then you should be able to close out taking the lead on everything making those picks and avoiding mistakes are your tickets to victory and now as we close the video you will see clips from different games with an Olaf and a reksai and so on using these principles of hyper ganking when lanes are pushed our evading the enemy jungler when you have dominance to get three level leads over them an experience such that you can control where they go on the map so you can get those early dragons which would be way more important than season 10 as well as those heralds considering there will be two of them so this kind of play style really will set you are well in season ten because when you can suppress the enemy jungle as much as possible yes the camps mode will help them hang on a little bit longer but the dragon control on Howard control is something that are gonna be completely overlooked at the beginning phases of the season and those who use these counter jungling techniques to get three lovelies on the enemy jungler will be the ones getting those wins as soon as possible thank you very much for watching I hope you were able to enjoy watching some fpx TN as we close out season 9 learning from his aggression loading from his measured pathing having done heightened awareness to process information and act on it very quickly making the enemy jungle think he's choosing what he's doing when you actually are playing him like a puppet thank you very much for watching as always please do like share and comment if you did enjoy we always like to try get around a thousand likes per video consider subscribing if you enjoyed this and want more for season 10 and as always I will see you all in the next


[Music]
what's
up
you
guys
it's
big
joey
and
today
we're
going
to
be
talking
about
an
item
i'm
sure
many
of
you
are
familiar
with
the
fists
of
steel
but
we're
not
going to
be
breaking
down
the
normal
wikistat
descriptions
of
this
weapon
no
no
no
no
we're
actually
going
to
be
talking
about
an
exploit
related
to
this
item
that
valve
may
or
may
not
have
intended
to
leave
in
the
game
now
if
you're
already
an
experienced
player
i'm
sure
you
already
know
most
everything
you
need
to
know
about
the
fist
of
steel
however
just
in
case
you're
not
here's
the
quick
rundown
the
fist
of
steel
are
a
secondary
melee
item
for
the
heavy
that
basically
acts
as
a
defensive
getaway
plan
you
see
while
equipped
the
fist
of
steel
grants
you
a
40
damage
buff
against
any
ranged
sources
of
damage
this
basically
means
that
any
form
of
gunfire
explosives
beams
or
energy
rings
will
land
significantly
less
damage
on
the
heavy
while
using
these
fists
this
in
turn
can
give
the
heavy
plenty
of
time
to
escape
oncoming
damage
if
the
heavy
is
about
to
be
overwhelmed
however
to
make
up
for
this
the
fist
of
steel
also
takes
a
hundred
percent
more
damage
from
enemy
melee
sources
in
other
words
while
you
may
be
safe
from
far
away
damage
you
certainly
wouldn't
want
to
be
caught
with
these
things
up
close
in
melee
battle
alongside
this
the
fist
of
steel
also
holster
100
slower
than
the
regular
stock
fist
so
generally
you'll
want
to
make
sure
you
can
afford
to
wear
them
for
a
while
before
switching
back
to
your
mini
gun
or
anything
else
and
finally
the
last
and
newest
two
stats
of
the
fist
of
steel
while
equipped
the
heavy
receives
40
percent
less
maximum
overheal
and
40
percent
less
health
from
healers
now
while
these
two
downsides
may
not
sound
great
for
the
heavy
i
think
these
two
extra
stats
may
have
actually
been
what
secretly
buff
this
weapon
you
see
valve
added
these
extra
stats
way
back
during
the
jungle
inferno
update
and
while
they
may
have
initially
intended
for
this
to
make
the
fist
of
steel
less
tanky
they
actually
ended
up
adding
some
additional
insane
perks
and
so
we'll
get
right
into
these
game
changing
perks
in
a
moment
but
before
we
do
i'd
like
to
give
a
special
thank
you
to
the
sponsor
of
today's
video
the
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that's
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the
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and
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latest
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parade's
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and
craziest
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battle
yet
the
hydra
a
four-headed
sea
monster
with
the
ability
to
regrow
its
heads
that
charmingly
enough
comes
with
multiple
different
personalities
such
as
the
head
of
wrath
the
head
of
wrath
is
quite
possibly
the
hydra's
scariest
form
taunting
and
weakening
you
before
it
strikes
and
to
make
matters
worse
once
you've
hit
this
thing
15
times
it
begins
developing
the
ability
to
triple
its
attack
power
not
intense
enough
then
what
about
the
head
of
suffering
this
head
comes
with
a
special
perk
called
the
pain
link
an
ability
that
ensures
every
time
you
attack
it
part
of
the
damage
you
deal
will
be
shared
with
you
and
you'd
better
hope
your
champions
have
what
it
take
to
kill
this
thing
because
otherwise
it's
going
to
wear
you
down
quick
and
if
that
doesn't
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enough
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now
raid
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he's
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at
once
and
to
unlock
him
all
you've
got
to
do
is
log
on
for
seven
days
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now
and
january
28th
but
beyond
all
that
guys
i
just
gotta
say
this
game
is
really
a
lot
of
fun
there's
so
many
different
landscapes
to
play
through
with
different
enemies
to
fight
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insane
bosses
and
all
with
great
quality
graphics
believe
me
i'm
not
even
joking
you
when
i
tell
you
i
played
it
all
the
way
through
before
even
making
this
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go
check
it
out
for
yourselves
there's
seriously
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been
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better
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join
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hit
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scan
my
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code
you'll
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200
000
silver
one
energy
refill
one
xp
boost
and
one
ancient
shard
all
the
treasure
will
be
waiting
for
you
right
here
and
with
that
all
out
of
the
way
let's
go
back
to
the
fists
of
steel
so
as
i
was
saying
before
it
appears
the
last
two
stats
valve
added
to
the
fist
of
steel
unintentionally
added
an
additional
secret
perk
so
to
make
these
stats
even
more
accurate
let's
go
ahead
and
extend
this
list
to
add
just
one
more
perk
the
hidden
perk
added
to
this
melee
item
is
while
equipped
medic's
uber
charge
fill
rate
is
cut
in
half
so
in
layman's
terms
what
this
essentially
means
is
that
anytime
a
medic
begins
healing
you
while
you're
wearing
the
fist
of
steel
the
speed
in
which
it
normally
takes
the
medigun
to
reach
full
uber
is
cut
in
half
it
doesn't
just
stay
that
way
for
a
little
while
it
literally
continues
building
uber
rate
at
double
speed
until
the
medic
breaks
his
beam
this
means
you
can
essentially
cut
any
medigun's
uber
rate
in
half
receiving
a
full
stock
uber
in
40
seconds
a
quick
fix
uber
in
36
seconds
four
vacinator
ubers
in
36
seconds
and
a
full
critscree
goober
in
just
32
seconds
this
just
in
itself
is
incredible
news
because
before
this
advanced
players
would
typically
go
about
building
uber
rates
quicker
by
self-damaging
themselves
in
spawn
usually
by
batting
themselves
as
a
scout
pogoing
his
soldier
or
running
into
explosions
as
demo
but
with
this
hidden
fist
of
steel
perk
you'll
no
longer
have
to
do
any
of
those
things
to
build
uber
a
quicker
you
can
simply
just
equip
the
fist
of
steel
have
a
medic
put
their
beam
on
you
and
voila
run
out
into
battle
again
with
a
double
speed
uber
rate
and
depending
on
what
map
you're
on
this
means
by
the
time
you
run
all
the
way
from
spawn
to
the
attack
point
you
may
already
have
half
or
more
of
your
uber
filled
up
just
by
the
time
you
get
there
now
here's
the
part
where
the
perk
gets
pretty
broken
you
see
after
the
medic
begins
healing
you
as
you're
wearing
the
fist
of
steel
the
medic's
beam
doesn't
actually
lose
speed
if
you
switch
off
your
melee
this
essentially
means
as
long
as
the
medic
doesn't
break
from
healing
you
after
you've
had
the
fist
of
steel
equipped
you
can
switch
to
any
other
weapon
or
launch
box
items
you'd
like
and
the
double
speed
uber
rate
will
still
keep
up
however
if
your
medic
does
have
to
break
his
beam
from
you
to
heal
another
teammate
don't
worry
simply
call
for
medic
after
your
medic
is
done
healing
your
teammate
and
switch
to
the
fist
of
steel
this
will
simply
restart
the
chain
over
again
and
you'll
be
able
to
charge
a
double
speed
with
your
medic
just
like
before
so
after
all
that
additional
benefit
you
probably
thought
that
was
it
right
well
nope
the
brokenness
of
this
perk
actually
doesn't
stop
there
so
you
remember
how
i was
telling
you
before
that
the
medic's
uber
rate
doesn't
actually
change
when
you
switch
from
the
fist
of
steel
well
it
turns
out
that
doesn't
just
apply
to
other
weapons
that's
right
technically
as
long
as
you
can
keep
the
beam
on
yourself
from
spawn
while
switching
characters
you
can
keep
up
this
double
uber
rate
speed
after
switching
to
any
character
the
only
rule
is
you
can't
break
the
beam
after
switching
to
another
character
otherwise
the
double
speed
will
be
lost
but
depending
on
which
character
you
decide
to
switch
to
this
increased
uber
speed
could
make
for
some
huge
plays
and
be
detrimental
to
the
other
team
so
use
it
wisely
anyways
that's
all
the
fist
of
steel
coverage
i
wanted
to
bring
to
you
guys
today
i'm
not
entirely
sure
what
parts
of
this
valve
intended
to
stay
in
the
game
and
what
parts
they
didn't
if
any
of
it
at
all
but
i'd
say
until
they
get
it
fixed
it's
fair
game
so
have
fun
using
this
game
changing
new
perk
and
if
you
like
this
video
consider
leaving
a
like
comment
and
subscribe
until
next
time
later


guys a big thank you to world of warships for sponsoring this episode we've been playing it all day and we're hooked the game is free-to-play and referred to as the thinking man's action game because it's the perfect balance of action and strategy you can command a massive naval fleet featuring some of history's most iconic war vessels in this game you can unlock new ships and dominate the oceans with 30 million players worldwide experienced combat in weather effects that make each engagement unique and change the tactics of battle at simple history we draw the artwork of the vehicles we talk about or feature in world of warships takes this to an extreme level of detail as each in-game ship is faithfully recreated using 3d scans of the real-life historical ship world of warships is constantly updating the game so there's something new to experience with a steady cadence of new missions game updates and events you may even be able to play a ship that you see in a simple history episode as there are over 200 ships available to play across 11 different nations use our exclusive code below and get a free premium USS Langley aircraft carrier which allows for a completely different form of fast-paced world of warships gameplay click the link below to play world of warships and collect an exclusive bonus starter pack new players can register with the code at play Langley 2019 to receive 302 balloons 1 million credits the USS langley premium aircraft carrier three days of premium time and more the ship that escaped capture disguised as a tropical island world war ii hnlms abraham Cranston was a Dutch minesweeper built in the 1930s there were many Allied ships present in Java but the hnlms abraham Cranston would be one of the few and last to escape from the overwhelming Japanese forces in 1942 because of one ingenious idea the minesweeper belonging to the Royal Netherlands Navy was stationed at Surabaya in the Netherlands East Indies along with several other ships when the Japanese forces were sweeping through the Pacific and the Allies by February 1942 the situation was growing critical as the Japanese were approaching closer and closer after defeating a combined American British Dutch Australian fleet at the Battle of the Java Sea and the medal of soon as straight the next day the sea was now swarming with Japanese warships and the skies were covered with Japanese aircraft considering there were destroyed allied cruisers and destroyers everywhere there was zero chance of surviving an attack for a small minesweeper all of the remaining allied vessels were ordered to withdraw to Australia those remaining being hnlms Abraham crimson and three other ships hnlms abraham Cranston was an easy target slow moving and very lightly armed with a 3-inch gun and two Oerlikon 20 millimeter cannons the other escaping minesweepers hnlms pierre de bitte and hnlms Ilan du Bois were scuttled to prevent them from getting into enemy hands and hnlms Yan van Amstel was destroyed by a Japanese destroyer in the Medora straight with many lives lost the only way to make it out alive was to come up with a creative idea the idea to turn the ship into a tropical island the captain ordered the crew to get to work they cut down trees and branches to camouflage the ship to look like a jungle canopy and painted the hull to look like rocks all 184 feet of the ship had to be covered to convey the deception because the enemy was near by the Dutch crew couldn't risk them spotting a moving island so they only moved out of the cover of night moving from island to island anchor and close during the daylight to blend in so the Japanese wouldn't notice them for eight days the hnlms abraham Cranston and her crew sneaked past the Japanese ships and aircraft and reached Fremantle Western Australia on March 20th 1942 the only minesweeper of the four to make it out and the last vessel to successfully escape from Java the hnlms Abraham Cranston's service did not end there however once the minesweeper arrives in Australian waters it was commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy as an anti-submarine convoy escort vessel it's Dutch crew were joined by British survivors of HMS Jupiter and Australian personnel this led to a small feud as the Dutch and British both insisted that a portrait of their monarch should hang from the officers mess hall as was tradition eventually it was decided that Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands would stay up instead of King George the sixth of the United Kingdom once again thank you to our sponsor world of warships for sponsoring this episode click the link below to play world of warships and collect an exclusive bonus starter pack new players can register with the code play Langley 2019 to receive 302 balloons 1 million credits the USS Langley premium aircraft carrier three days of premium time and


I did Leo neighbor it looks like you got a spaceship in your who are you Rick and Morty literally killed America's long reigning favorite TV family you killed the entire Simpsons Morty their beloved fed in this 2015 couch gag which Simpsons Co creator Matt Groening called the most ambitious and lengthy couch gag that we've done Rick plans to use the Simpsons liquefied remains to recreate them to this address they'll make us new Simpsons what's so self-aware about this joke is that the Smiths are the Simpsons of our era they're the new bad role models suburban family in a show that treats nothing as off limits to its transgressive Easter Egg packed comedy even though The Simpsons is still turning out quality comedy after all these years it's gradually lost its edgy feeling and has started to be seen as part of the establishment something that started decades ago and was applauded and inoffensive is now politically incorrect what can you do so here's our take on how Rick and Morty updates the irreverent cartoon sitcom family unit for a new generation and comparing the show's reveals how much our culture has changed since the Simpsons first aired in 1989 [Music] this video is brought to you by raid Shadow legends a role-playing game that's nominated for Google play's best of 2019 users Choice Award and is one of the top three most popular role-playing games in the Google Play Store in this turn-based game there are over 400 champions for you to collect and personally customize you can assemble a team from 16 heroic factions explore over 1 million champion builds and discover 13 spectacular locations raid adds more than 14 new champions every month so there are always new strategies and new warriors for you to try out raid gives that progression rewards for each mission so you can get free champions and equipment just by learning to play once you complete the missions you will get one of the best champions in the game the arbiter check out this cool road map rate is published they have huge plans for updates to the game over the next six months and the best part is raid is totally free to play just click the link in the description below to get 50,000 silver and a free epic champion as a part of raids new player program [Music] in an era of wholesome sentimental family sitcoms like Full House Family Matters and growing pains The Simpsons began as the subversive in-your-face dysfunctional family that Rick and Morty is today campaigning in 1992 George HW Bush promised to make American families a lot more like the Waltons and a lot less like The Simpsons referencing the 1971 281 series about a rural Virginia family during the Great Depression good night good night The Simpsons was quick with their abiding reply hey just like The Waltons we're praying for an end to the depression to ultimately though what Bush missed is that the Simpsons affirms the importance of family fathering children is the best part of my day I'd do anything for partly stuff in the essay at home with The Simpsons professor Paul canter of the University of Virginia argues that the show ends up celebrating the nuclear family as an institution as Cantor pointed out the Simpsons even mirrored the average 2.2 kids per household with baby Maggie who never grows up being the point to when the county suspects homer and Marge of negligence and takes their children this just serves to underline how deeply the Simpsons do love each other in their own wacky way used to microwave our underwear on cold days radio station with fake traffic tips the episode's heartwarming message is that while Homer and Marge may not be perfect parents everything's just too weird here no they put honey on their pancakes instead of maple syrup they read Newsweek instead of nothing they make up for it with genuine affection and a home environment where kids can be themselves and viewers could relate the idealized 1950s family sitcom and aspirational role model TV families that followed in their footsteps never reflected most people's reality so even if viewers didn't have a son who was quite this much of a troublemaker or a father who was this much of a screw-up they could see themselves in these people who were often a mess but still came together as a family in ways that counted more to surprise you for Christmas fast-forward to now and Rick and Morty also foregrounds the American family warts and all what's different though is that Rick and Morty doesn't necessarily agree that family is automatically a good thing it's him or me the show paints family connection as potentially dangerous emphasizing that your nearest and dearest can hold a perverse toxic power over you I wanted you to have a normal life that's something you can't have when Rick shows up everything real turns fake everything right is wrong one of the creators Dan Harmon said for him the center of this story is Beth a middle-aged woman who was scarred by her father abandoning her as a kid for the rest of your lives no matter how much it hurts you no matter how much it destroys our children's futures we're gonna do whatever Rick wants whenever he wants yes according to Harmon the reason no one objects that mad scientist grandpa takes their young son out of school to drag him on life-threatening adventures is because Jerry is terrified that Beth will leave him and Beth is terrified that Rick will leave her please don't leave me again so what holds this family together is a toxic chain of fear and this reflects that for many people family might not be a saving grace but a burden the Smiths are also dealing with heavy problems in the Simpsons Homer's drinking is written off as borderline normal to need refreshment Rick and Morty doesn't mask or minimize issues like alcoholism depression marital struggles and conflict with in-laws and this makes it relatable to real families facing issues that can't just be shrugged off from week to week you have the single worst marriage I've ever witnessed it shouldn't exist the Smiths even grapple with insecurities about whether they're a real family real family now the joke at the end of the couch gag is that Rick's quick fix actually turned to the Simpsons into horribly misshapen mutants hey Morty little tip don't clean DNA vials with your spit likewise and Rick and Morty these family members feel like they're misshapen on the inside their relationship with your father is God do you relish the idea that my genius father is a bad person this focus on the individual within the family it leads to a show that's a lot more interested in character development Rick and Morty is always balancing a Simpsons esque reset button feel with characters who do change the new Homer Simpson is Jerry Smith this rather incompetent dim-witted patriarch is an average Joe who's happy in his haze of obliviousness but while Homer is largely let off the hook for his moronic and aptitude on Rick and Morty the culture has turned against Jerry look I'm a closeted racist and I'm sexist and selfish and I dragged us all into my sexist racist bad things because I'm stupid thank you now you're gonna help me right she just did homers catchphrase dope is framed as lovable Jerry's mediocrity is treated as a problem that evokes contempt why am I so mediocre most tellingly Homer is the clear head of his household and if you had to pick one the main character of the show but Jerry is mostly losing control of his family to his father-in-law and he's not the protagonist of Rick and Morty while our culture has turned against the manchild the update to Bart and Morty suggests today there's a new faith in the young man's hidden potential devilish little Bart is a lovably wicked manifestation of the saying boys will be boys eat my shorts Morty is a hapless hormonal kid who to his own surprise proves very competent and emotionally mature over time Oh disarm the drunkenly improvise neutrino bomb there's a 40% chance it's a dud but you should still stay back 40 how many of these how many Rik too many so rather than painting mischievous impulses as natural and inevitable it's showing boys as raw matter to be shaped by their role models implying that we can make better men for the future the grandpa in The Simpsons is woefully marginalized and ignored by the family oh my good fine the character serves as a commentary on how frequently elders aren't respected in our culture as well as on how dealing with an aging family member can be extremely trying in Rick and Morty however the elder Rick is front-and-center more head of household than Jerry most of the time how is my son supposed to pass his classes if you keep dragging him off for high-concept sci-fi rigmarole and we can see some parallels between Rick and Homer both are drinking belching patriarchs who expect others to make excuses for them and clean up after them but in the Simpsons couch gag Rick appears to be disgusted by the taste of one of Homer's trademark doughnuts and he has to spike homers beer with his own alcohol this gets at the fundamental difference between them Rick is a lot less mainstream and a lot more extreme Homa puts the kids in danger due to encompasses but rick puts summer and morty in danger intentionally this smart but reckless patriarch may reflect new skepticism toward older generations okay boomer it's becoming clear to young people that authority figures don't necessarily have their best interests or well-being at heart yet Rick also challenges his family and pushes them to grow more than couch potato Homer think for yourselves don't be sheep reflecting how in our times the head of the family is responsible for stimulating everyone's thought and broadening their horizons not just being a provider mother and housewife marge is known for her trademark sound that's a perfect nonverbal expression of frustration she is constantly confronted with her husband's inadequacy and the Simpsons sometimes deals with her battles to feel appreciated and respected by the family she single-handedly takes care of but ultimately March finds ways to be satisfied within this traditional family structure I must admit you really do make a gal feel needed in Rick and Morty Beth is the primary breadwinner her intellectual superiority over her frequently emasculated husband is out in the open I'm smart why do you think I'm a heart surgeon her surgeries and she holds the power because Jerry is so scared of losing her Marge gets fed up with Homer many times I think you'd agree that I've put up with a lot in this marriage but she genuinely loves him do you know why I married you is I knock you up no because I love you meanwhile Beth doesn't start out loving her husband this isn't the woman you married Jerry because this woman loves you and staying with her family means stifling much of the potential her current life doesn't allow her to realize Lisa Simpsons modern counterpart is summer Lisa is her show's moral center and a classic overachiever while summer comes across as a pretty average teenage girl whose main interests are boys and popularity this is my chance to gain some footing with the cool kids this update to the sister character mirrors the evolving discussion of how to represent women on screen as the ideal shifts from strong perfect female characters to flawed female characters underneath her less than impressive demeanor summer gradually reveals deep hidden potential and intelligence she is the Smith child who resembles her genius grandfather more thanks kids he figured it out well summer did so her aptitude reminds us that a girly girl who doesn't talk like a perfect student can still be wicked smart interestingly we see Rick admiring himself after putting on Marge's necklace and then enjoying playing Lisa's saxophone so he feels some sense of connection to the women in this family just as Hartmann has said he loves Beth more than any other character on the show and the centrality given to this intelligent not particularly nurturing middle-aged woman psychology underlines that we're in a different time for female characters on screen than the Simpsons was Rick and Morty didn't kill the Simpsons because it was destroying the traditional American family as we've seen the Simpsons never really was that it killed the Simpsons the way that Oedipus kills his father the way that the next generation has to destroy the beloved predecessor and take its throne its killing its old role model with love that's why the couch gag leaves us with an image of The Simpsons redrawn to look more like Rick The Simpsons seems to welcome its successor they even gave us a visual nod to Rick's beloved Szechuan sauce [Music] even if Rick and Morty isn't a blanket endorsement of family there's a love centric morale in this story too rick has the freedom to stay with this version of his family or run off to be with any number of other versions so this version of the family relationship is formed by choice are you going to stay there's infinite timelines Morty why would I stay in the one where I trashed the white house became an enemy of America and the lowest status character and my idiot family Beth likewise chooses to double down on her family after she's presented with the option to leave and fulfill all her desires I don't know if I can do it then stay and luxuriate in a life you can finally know you've chosen in our world where tradition is less of a mandate and the family unit can look all kinds of ways it's liberating to remember that love means deciding we want to be there there's no replacing either of you without an amount of work that would ultimately defeat the purpose The Simpsons is the longest-running American sitcom and primetime scripted series and with its 70 episode renewal after season three Rick and Morty looks ready to be the next staple reflecting modern family life for a long time to come


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oh
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[Music]
whoa
he's
not
maintaining
my
tracks
it
is
it's
you're
colliding
with
geometry
that's
so
funny
it
looks
so
silly
do
you
see
it
stuck
in
my
um
atv
i
see
it
stuck
like
10
feet
in
front
of
your
atv
yeah
me
too
[Music]
oh
whoa
huh
wait
it's
like
i
hit
a small
tree
yeah
it
totally
does
it's
stopping
you
that's
amazing
you're
just
holding
w
the
whole
time
right
yeah
yeah
[Music]
dude
i'm
doing
a
180
get
in
we're
going
shopping
whoa
whoa
whoa
whoa
whoa
what
the
[ __ ]
whoa
sweet
wheelie
what
was
that
how
did
you
do
that
i
don't
know
[Music]
what
oh
my
god
oh
my
god
that
was
insane
it
just
defeated
you
oh
my
god
like
the
helicopter
is
just
there's
just
nothing
it's
gone
wow
that's
awesome
wow
[Music]
that's
reliable
yeah
that's
two
in
a
row
where
i've
hit
you
and
you're
just
dead
damn
that's
crazy
wow
[Music]
okay
three
two
one
go
oh
whoa
whoa
whoa
okay
that
was
definitely
unusual
[Music]
i
saw
something
yeah
you
ready
yeah
three
two
one
whoa
see
i
saw
my
hand
disconnected
from
my
body
for
a
second
yeah
it's
really
weird
it's
like
my
hand
went
up
without
me
it's
super
jank
oh
my
god
that's
gonna
look
so
good
in
slow
motion
i
really
gotta
get
faster
at
editing
these
videos
all
right
let's
try
this
again
okay
three
two
one
oh
nothing
no
obviously
you
hurt
my
spine
a
lot
yeah
okay
three
two
one
click
oh
oh
oh
you
escaped
it
ooh
that
was
interesting
huh
i
pushed
e
just
a
little
bit
after
you
started
so
it
looks
like
you
can
escape
yeah
i
went
into
third
person
and
everything
there
i
mean
not
very
helpful
because
they're
just
going
to
shoot
you
in
the
ass
but
you
know
[Music]
true
i'm
going
through
the
door
[Music]
i
have
the
sentry
turret
so
go
for
it
dude
okay
please
yes
yeah
that's
awesome
cool
get
down
whoa
oh
this
actually
is
perfect
okay
i
am
planting
it
i
mean
your
gunpo
is
a
good
place
yeah
cannot
be
placed
on
this
location
there
we
go
okay
come
on
there's
a
guy
right
there
turret
go
shoot
him
you
suck
shoot
him
shoot
him
turret
oh
my
god
so
it
sucks
it
tried
to
spin
up
as
it
was
driving
by
and
it
didn't
even
get
spun
up
and
then
it
de-aggroed
i
mean
are
we
surprised
oh
it's
completely
useless
at
this
point
i'll
be
surprised
oh
he's
coming
back
go
turn
go
turn
go
go
go
go
shoot
it
shoot
him
shoot
him
shoot
him
yes
oh
okay
the
damage
was
pretty
good
oh
and
my
turret
got
shot
by
one
bullet
and
it
instantly
died
that's
about
right
wow
wow
it
was
like
literally
maybe
it
was
maybe
two
bullets
from
that
guy
to
kill
the
turret
wow
[Music]
i'm
doing
it
man
okay
it's
finally
gonna
work
yeah
i
can
feel
it
this
is
it
yeah
here
we
go
cannot
be
placed
at
this
location
let's
go
fun
game
man
okay
well
i
don't
really
remember
how
this
works
but
it
was
oh
oh
holy
[ __ ]
oh
my
god
that's
amazing
it
was
so
easy
it's
not
maybe
facing
the
most
ideal
direction
oh
my
god
but
let's
go
for
it
wow
that
was
easy
that
was
really
easy
that's
good
with
the
shoe
turret
it
was
a
pretty
finicky
it
was
so
finicky
yeah
wow
oh
wow
they
killed
it
with
like
one
bowl
wow
this
guy
over
here
yeah
shot
it
with
i
think
one
bullet
what
the
hell
man
and
killed
it
yeah
i
think
it
takes
a
single
bullet
that's
so
disappointing
maybe
call
in
a
bunch
of
things
as
much
as
you
can
do
and
then
just
leave
the
game
and
just
see
how
things
react
[Music]
that okay
put
this
down
call
that
in
leave
game
bye
oh
your
trophy
died
the
airstrike
i
think
is
happening
huh
i
it
like
flew
over
but
didn't
do
anything
oh
weird
the
cash
balloon
was
the
only
thing
that
seemed
to
work
that
was
really
strange
again
i'm
going
to
cluster
strike
like
right
there
here
comes
boom
and
i'm
out
of
here
still
gone
and
[Music]
nothing
should
i
put
two
down
yeah
i'm
not
sure
what
happens
when
i
throw
uh
thermite
i
think
i
might
replace
one
of
them
[Music]
maybe
and
your
minds
are
gone
damn
[Music]
okay
so
i
will
target
there
[Music]
and
chuck
molly
and
leave
goodbye
oh
the
javelin
stayed
interesting
i
wonder
if
the
explosion
does
any
damage
here
it
goes
good
luck
[Music]
oh
dead
[Laughter]
you
killed
me
dude
wow
that's
cool
wow
that's
very
interesting
let's
do
it
let's
do
it
one
more
time
with
me
on
the
vehicle
because
i
do
remember
there
was
a
time
where
you
could
blow
up
a
vehicle
and
kill
teammates
but
that
was
quite
a
while
ago
i
feel
like
that
maybe
got
patched
three
two
one
fire
all
right
dude
have
fun
without
me
it
says
incoming
missile
oh
interesting
ah
nothing
okay
no
damage
no
damage
to
me
okay
that
makes
sense
make
sense
i
thought
maybe
the
missile
wouldn't
belong
to
you
anymore
because
you're
not
in
yeah
kind
of
interesting
to
know
that
you
could
still
kill
teammates
with
a
vehicle
explosions
i
wasn't
sure
if
that
was
still
a
thing
i
guess
the
only
thing
left
is
um
trying
it
on
enemies
i
guess
mm-hmm
look
at
all
these
people
i
love
this
[ __ ]
man
it
looks
so
good
all
right
i'm
locking
on
and
fired
and
i'm
out
i
see
it
no
one
died
interesting
no
one
dies
huh
but
it
blew
up
the
vehicle
and
killed
me
so
i
guess
that
part
still
works
[Music]
fired
huh
uh
you
didn't
didn't
blow
up
anything
i
don't
know
dude
weird
i
don't
know
that's
that's
gonna
be
an
annoying
one
to
figure
out
in
editing
yeah
and
i
definitely
saw
a
lot
of
empty
vehicles
there
was
like
six
seven
eight
of
them
the
explosion
radius
of
the
javelin
is
pretty
large
yeah
so
there
were
like
eight
vehicles
all
there
yeah
i
don't
know
i
don't
know
i
don't
know
what
to
do
with
that
all
right
guys
i'm
gonna
say
three
two
one
chuck
the
balloons
baby
oh
my
god
oh
the
low
poly
as
well
wow
wow
that
looks
good
this
is
good
wow
they're
like
blocking
out
the
sun
this
is
awesome
yes
it
really
is
like
a
festival
[Music]
yes
this
is
beautiful
[Music]
oh
that
was
way
to be
like
serene
someone
crashed
yeah
like
four
or
five
people
no
way
pc
ps4
interesting
ps5
huh
ps5
oh
my
god
we
crashed
the
game
for
some
all
sorts
of
crashes
wow
wow
wow
wow
wow
pc
crashed
over
3080
wow
oh
[ __ ]
guys
well
i
apologize
[Music]
well
guys
that
was
volume
20.
i
wanted
to
wait
until
i
could
make
volume
20
a
really
good
one
so
hopefully
you
guys
liked
it
we
had
a
lot
of
help
making
this
video
from
people
in
our
community
if
you
want
a
chance
to
join
in
on
one
of
the
community
recordings
join
the
discord
link
below
we
actually
already
have
a
lot
of
people
in
the
discord
but
with
halo
and
battlefield
on
the
way
i
think
the
more
the
merrier
in
my
opinion
also
if
you
are
a
patron
of
the
channel
at
any
tier
or
amount
you
get
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early
if
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discord
also
these
videos
take
forever
to
make
which
is
you
know
not
a
very
profitable
approach
to
doing
youtube
videos
if
you
like
what
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and
you
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the
patreon
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down
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me
and
jameson
put
a
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time
into
making
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rewards
are
pretty
good
in
our
opinion
and
also
a
big
thank
you
to
our
newest
sub
anthony
thank
you
dude
apart
from
that
guys
thank
you
for
watching
jameson
has
another
cold
war
video
on
the
way
and
i'll
be
back
on
the
warzone
content
as
soon
as
i
can
alright
thanks


like the majority of Americans and many people around the world right now I've been seen home as a part of the widespread quarantine effort against the covet 19 pandemic also like most people I'm starting to really need a haircut and a shave so help me best learn I grew myself while in isolation I'm gonna look back in history at the first origins of grooming scissors and razors and cast and sharpen my own set in bronze then calling some remote advice from a barber and see how badly I can mess up my hair everything we use comes from 8,000 generations of collective innovation and discovery but could an average person figure it all out themselves and work their way from the Stone Age to today that's a question we're exploring each week I try to take that next step forward in human history my name is Andy and this is how to make everything be sure to subscribe and turn on notifications so you don't miss the next step in this journey global pandemic themselves are byproduct of humanity's development thanks to some of the early inventions and innovations that form the building blocks the Bronze Age most notably agriculture and animal domestication many was able to settle in large numbers form cities and expensive trade networks which allowed both the invention a bronze alloy tools as well as worldwide networks for diseases to now spread which is something we've now had to deal with ever since but let's try and focus on more the positives like now having nice sweet shiny metal alloy like bronze could open the door to tools like scissors and razors make grooming yourself a little bit easier it's believed shaving and plucking of hairs dated back before metals using sharp flint and obsidian stones the copper and then bronze provide much more efficient tools whoever even then it wasn't done daily well today we mostly take care of grooming by ourselves or birds were profession the dates back to at least 5,000 BCE in Egypt and has remained popular ever since for some advice and being my own barber I reached out to someone who we talked to before on a different topic moustache Jim we previously talked to him and our camera making video on his passion of large format photography but he also works as a barber specializing in straight razor shaves hair cuts and beard trims thanks for joining us again honored well I've been working as a barber throughout Minneapolis for about twenty years now homebound and working on my art work and also working it means the world to me to connect with people I work on a show called kindness Club so you know about the industry of barbers barbering has been around for an exceptionally long time that's one of the oldest professions Egyptian times things to use obsidian as razors used to be where Barbara's work dentist as well as surgeons they would hang a pole out in front where they would hang the bloody rags the wind would whip the rags around the pole and create a candy striping of friends that's how the barber pole came to be what's the difference did you have for everyone who was under quarantine right now and are thinking about cutting their own hair we want to start simple throughout my barber and career I've sort of prided myself on cutting without guards and I enjoy the craft of sort of sculpting by using clipper over comb or freehand but I would suggest use guards you want to use a lot of mirrors in front of you this side of you use the mirror and your bathroom get different angles one of the things that's gonna be challenging as you do this your hands are going to be going a different direction than you think it's gonna be really counterintuitive you take a lot of breaks one of the things that it's human nature to do is to panic it's trying to fix it really quick remember you have all of the time in the world put it down for just a minute take a breath and it's started again but we suggest starting with scissors if you can because the Clippers you can get yourself in a lot of trouble really quick you can kind of paint yourself with corn and understand no you have to compromise you know just like okay it's a big risk back in it I'm not gonna be easy because it little at a time expect then we will make at least one mistake raised has to be pretty sharp done that's great important right it's incredibly important for it to be really sharp and through Michael Scott view of it you'll have little edges like rough spots once you get the edge on it then you want to strap it like imagine this is the sharp end so you want to dull side first well side first need to do that a couple times and what that does is it's smooth that lay even further how do you tell when you have it to the right Chuck now I have hair on the back of my hand and I'll take a little patch and I'll I'll test it start you know with the grain and then you take a second pass and you get all across the grain in the cheeks and in the mustache here and you know you want to still stay with the grain down here and so that's where people tend to have sensitive skin you know you go once with the grain will once across the grain it'll get you really close it takes a lot of practice concentration time and effort any other styling tips or techniques you'd like to share yeah now is a good time to select hair styles that are a lot more easily obtainable if you've got guards use guards easy does it keep it slow keep it simple and wrong this together scissors first appeared sometime around 3000 BCE in Mesopotamia first as spring scissors with two blades oppose each other attached by metal band the work as a spring between them cross bladed scissors like most modern scissors would not be invented until around 100 AD by the Romans first off to cast the scissors and razors for that like a little help from Greg the sword caster backed before the world shut down when we were able to visit him in Austin Texas [Music] oh my god exceeded my expectations Wow he's trying to burn himself well you want a little spring action well I'm thinking might give you a little spring action would be hardening this event in so view just like town that that might give you some of the attention that you need to get the spring back I think you're gonna get a shave with that if you are interested in learning how to cast bronze yourself check out Craig's website and what's travel is a thing that exists again you might make a trip out to you to teach a lesson on bronze casting using this advice I next polished off and worked hard in both the edges of the blades and spring of the scissors so they be more rigid frame okay now think it's great we have the cast razor blade and scissors clean these up and polish them up a bit what's left now is to actually sharpen them to a cutting edge and to actually shave hair and cut hair it needs to be pretty sharp so traditionally they would often use basically just random still and certified with different grain sizes you try to find ones with uniform grit and use them basically get wood sandpaper and go from large range to small grains to get a finer and finer polish and the bit different parts of the world they're really well known for their different levels of consistency and find us to their grind that you could get a really sharp blade we've done this previously with a few different tools it's very slow it's not very accurate so it's kind of just guesswork of the size of the grains so I'm gonna use a more modern alternative this is basically the exact same thing it just is completely uniform and will give you a guaranteed polish to certain amount and this allows you to where I can really move your way up to find your finer grits and get a finer and finer polish so first up we're gonna use a file just speed it up get really close in the ballpark and then start moving on to the wet stones we start with one 22 to 24 hundred to one thousand 3,000 to 8,000 and then there's a last step often done especially with razors called a stuff Stoke stooop stroke straw straw usually a piece of leather and you basically just run the blade down it and this helps align the metal there's some polishing with it especially the polishing compound for this I have a more modern one that comes to the polishing compound on it is just a dropping block you guys like to finish it off and hopefully get a razor-sharp blade with a lot of my bronze tools I only sharpen them somewhat of the way closely because I'm oftentimes just hacking at things with an ax where a mostly sharp blade will do it's not a whole lot of point game super sharp because it's gonna dull pretty quick these will be really sharp although it's gonna hurt so we interesting to see how sharp they can actually get probably pretty hard to find someone who actually shades using bronze today bronze it's likely not gonna be able to get quite as sharp as actual hardened steel not sure how long it'll last it'll be a little bit of experiment and we'll see maybe just sharpen as I go maybe last the whole shave but overall the process is actually probably a little bit easier than with steel because it's a softer metal should be a little bit quicker but besides that should be basically the same process and what bronze tools are not that common maybe they'll come back with this whole pandemic they have the added feature of being made with a copper alloy which will actually kill any viruses and bacteria and actually wear a normal surface the virus to last up to a day or two with copper only four hours between each use it's disinfected automatically we'll see try it out and hopefully not flip my throat or anything in the process and the next the scissors to assist with the shave I'm going to make a few different versions of shaving cream first the ancient recipe likely used in the Bronze Age of animal fat mixed with wood ash [Music] then a modern recipe that uses aloe and coconut oil something I previously extracted before while making sunscreen [Music] plant boogers my favorite [Music] the hairstyles during the bronze age vary greatly from culture to culture and even person to person reads and nods were common with both men and women in various cultures in upper-class men would often completely shave their head and wear expensive wigs in Egypt they would even wear fake beards in being entirely clean-shaven was incorporated into religious aspects such as with ancient Egyptian priests getting to shave their entire body every three days it's been about three days now of trying to sharpen both of these items and it is driving me crazy the days are honestly all starting to blur together so I'm not exactly sure but it's been a lot of sharpening and then resharpening and redoing everything and then sharpen it again and again and again kind of learned skill and I I don't think I've mastered it but the problem I'm facing is that it's bronze and I don't know how sharp you can actually get with bronze they're definitely sharp I can just slice through paper pretty easily but hair is a bit harder so I've been trying it and running it on my arm hair and takes a bit of force so I think you can do it I think the fact that it's gonna take a bit of effort is kind of obvious by the fact that the alternative they used to bronze was a pumice stone which it's not gonna be too different than just trying to basically sand your hair away so that's Plan B I guess it goes nothing now I'm in hey that actually works pretty good right so all these works I think there's a little bit more leeway when it comes to the scissors it's two blades coming each other pulling forces putting pressure from both directions it's not gonna be so much how sharp it is it will cut but mostly just in a specific area where they line the best worked out pretty good surprisingly so the little uneven add a few spots but not by much I think was able to get surprisingly consistent cut open considered actually turned out pretty good I was pretty skeptical of this it'll get rid of all this hair it's not perfect but I don't think anybody called me out on it all right so we have the two different shaving creams I tried making have the historical pig fat and would ash out they usually actually use pig fat this guy's basically the primitive recipe for basically so smell it's kind of gross smells like pig fat and then for an alternative hopefully a slightly better option I have kind of a modern DIY recipe of about 50% aloe and 50% coconut oil seems a bit more pleasant see if either of them help at all failure just trying this stuff off I don't recommend this spa treatment let's try the other side with yellow much more pleasant there's definitely loose hairs Oh billiards fair amount of blood on there interesting so that was not very successful I'm bleeding all over here and then over here it's just big fact didn't even tell what happened there it's hard to say if it's just because I don't know how to sharpen it or that I don't know how to shave with a straight razor well enough I tried a variety of different techniques and got some hair removal but nothing that was really like not painfully slow and ineffective I guess is a good exfoliator which compared to the next alternative a pumice stone a baton and that feels about the same I'd say so that was a horrible experience I think I'm gonna re-evaluate being clean-shaven and maybe just having a beard is a little bit more preferable to leave to the average all right so I got washed up and clean myself off now got the really disgusting Pig fat and wood ash off my face end result I'd say the razor was a bit of a failure I did manage to remove some hair but mostly it just they're really bad rash and it really hurts even the back of my hand where did the test shaves has developed a bit of a rash bronze razor not the greatest at this point I'm kind of curious why exactly it failed there's a possibility that I was just reaching the upper limits of how sharp bronze can get but it also might just spend my own technique and inexperience in sharpening I believe I followed all the steps very carefully put a lot of time into trying to get this razor sharp but didn't quite cut it very literally but I'm sure there's probably somebody more knowledgeable out there who can not maybe cue me in on what I need to do better next time I may have a hand though the scissors were actually pretty successful I'm pleasantly surprised how effective they were I thought it was gonna be a pretty painful process of mostly pulling my hair with knees as tweezers having to go back and even it out or just shave it all off in the end but I'm actually pretty happy with the haircut this is 100 percent done with these pair of scissors I found I could do it pretty well once I figured out how to press them closer together so they aligned a little bit tighter that seemed to yield a little bit better results I was able to cut larger chunks of hair not quite as effective as modern scissors I still had to do a little at a time and then just being patient as I went and not freaking out like mustache suggestion it'll be at the pretty even cut that I'm pretty happy with cannot stand when my hair gets that long so it's very few very relieved that's much shorter now hope this video has been helpful for anybody who's struggling with their own grooming techniques well they're in isolation hopefully being a guinea pig and trying to do it with some really primitive Bronze Age scissors you do a bit more confidence to do it yourself I think moustache Jim gave some really great advice to help you get started you wanna do it yourself I look forward to seeing how everybody and their hair looks once this quarantine is finally over I feel like if I can do this decent of a job with primitive Bronze Age scissors that we cast ourselves you don't really have much of an excuse so look forward to seeing everybody then stay safe out there thanks for watching thank you to all of our patrons see you next time if you enjoyed this video be sure to subscribe and check out other content we have covering a wide variety of topics also if you enjoy these series consider supporting us on patreon we are largely a fan funded channel and depend on the support of our viewers in order to keep our series going thanks for


a 42 here in 1902 an archaeologist was diving off the coast of the Greek island of Antikythera when he chanced upon a large shipwreck it was the ruins of a Roman trading vessel carrying large amounts of wine and various other treasures from the Greek islands what the diver found was one of the greatest halls of antiquity period artifacts we have ever found but among the pottery marble statues and jewelry inside an unassuming wooden box was an object that historians have never ever seen before a device so bewildering that it altered everything we knew about ancient history this highly corroded bronze relic is the Antikythera mechanism named after where it was found but beyond that it is shrouded in mystery what we do know is that it was constructed by an unknown Greek scientist over 2100 years ago the strange mechanical device is made up of numerous gears switches and mechanical oddities upon its discovery scientists pulled their hair up trying to deduce where it came from who made it how does it work and what does it do scientists from all over the world examined the device for over a hundred years but nobody ever got remotely close to uncovering its secrets and so for the past 100 years the Antikythera mechanism has sat on display at the National Museum of Archaeology in Athens Greece completely undisturbed shrouded in mystery until recently over the past 20 years using a whole array of modern technologies we have been able to crack the code behind this unknown mechanism a whole host of experts in the fields of engineering archaeology and various other Sciences from multiple countries collaborated in an effort to painstakingly pick apart the device but there was a problem being such a significant historic relic the Antikythera mechanism couldn't literally be picked apart so to see beneath the surface scientists had to use a highly specialized x-ray machine which presented another problem one of the only x-ray machines in the world capable of seeing inside this corroded bronze Marvel was located in England the relic itself is far too fragile to be moved outside of its Athens museum so the extremely large and heavy x-ray machine had to be shipped all away to Athens that's a great expense so that the relic could be safely imaged without moving it more than a few metres but the details that they uncovered inside the device blew the minds of every antiquity historian out there because the technology used inside it shouldn't have existed over 2,000 years ago when it was made the complex clock-like device contains 37 gears of varying sizes shapes and teeth counts each cog is precisely manufactured to exacting standards and has a teeth count that correlates to a prime number what you're looking at ladies and gentlemen is the world's very first computer over 2,000 years before the Apple one and over two thousand years before Alan Turing's bomba it's incredible to think that this is an actual computer that can take an input and compute an output that was invented and created in roughly 100 b.c over one and a half thousand years before arguably less complex things like the printing press the light bulb and the steam engine whirring vent so what does the Antikythera mechanism do before I tell you I'd like to take a minute to thank Skilsaw for supporting me and making this video possible Skillshare is an online learning community with more than 17,000 classes and design photo illustration almost anything you've always wanted to learn you can do so with Skillshare all the way from game design to how to cook like a professional chef anyone who's watched my channel for a while will know that I love to cook in my spare time and you can bet I've been learning some incredible new cooking skills on Skillshare Premium Membership gives you unlimited access to over 17,000 classes so you can keep on learning and take on a new project whenever you feel like it the first 500 people to click the promo link in a description below will get two months of Skillshare premium completely free after that it's only ten dollars per month if you don't like it cancel there's no risk but for my own experience I just know you're going to love it you can even learn as you go with the new skill share mobile apps even when you're offline but remember only the first 500 people to click the link below will get to mums completely free using the most advanced technology available tools today and the collective work of many experts over a number of years we have been able to determine that this ancient computers function was to track the metonic calendar and predict solar eclipses it also keeps track of the timing of several athletic games such as the ancient Olympics this device should not exist it is so incomprehensibly ahead of its time that it's almost impossible to believe that it was created when it was to put things into perspective the first mechanical clock wasn't invented until late 14th century and it was roughly the size of a small car yet this device created 1,500 years earlier in ancient Greece was considerably smaller more intricate more precisely engineered and many times smarter for it could not only keep track of time but predict the future in the way that's a piece of modern computer software the Antikythera mechanism contains sets of gears pins and rivets that could collectively model and keep track of the movement of the Sun Moon and planets in the night sky this is a diagram of the logic pathways of the Antikythera mechanism showing the functions of each gear if such a device were created today it would still be impressive it is believed that the knowledge used to create such an advanced device was lost in antiquity as nothing anywhere close to as sophisticated as this would be created for another thousand years the gross in probability of its existence has of course led to many science fiction writers claiming it was created by or given tools by aliens but the Antikythera mechanism isn't the first out-of-place historic artifact which has been blamed on aliens in 1912 a Polish book dealer named Wilfred Voynich travelled to Villa Mondragon II in Italy where he discovered and purchased a very old and very mysterious book it had no title upon the cover and no author within it it contained hundreds of pages of detailed yet bizarre illustrations surrounded by text that is written in an unknown language or possibly a code for the remainder of his life avoiding it became completely obsessed with decoding the books words and diagrams to try and understand who wrote it when and where was it written and what does it all mean having dedicated his entire life to unlocking the book secrets Voynich died having come no closer to answering any of these questions the book has been given the name the Voynich manuscript script after the man who found it and so the Voynich manuscript was passed around from one cryptographer to another both American and British codebreakers attempted to decode it during World War one and - with absolutely no success it has come to be one of the most famous unsolved codes in the entire history of cryptography even using the most sophisticated computer Crypt analyst techniques available to us today we have still not even come close to solving it linguists have examined the manuscript and concluded that its contents are not written in any natural historic language that we know of this only leaves two likely alternatives the book is written in a very old language that we are completely unaware of that was lost to time or the other option it is written using a cipher a secret code to disguise the true contents of the text this means that whatever is written in the Voynich manuscript is of such high importance and significance that the author felt it necessary to painstakingly encode every word the animal skin parchments that the manuscript is written on was recently carbon dated the results showed that the book was written sometime between 1404 and 1438 cryptography was really very basic at this time in history the only effective method of cryptography that had been discovered in the 15th century were substitution ciphers in which each letter of the alphabet is simply swapped with another using modern computers we have long been able to crack such ciphers with ease in fact we have been able to crack every known cipher up to the 18th century long after the Voynich manuscript was supposedly written yes this one mysterious book still remains uncrackable the illustrations consist of a variety of herbal plants as well as nude women bathing astrological symbols and visual metaphors some of the illustrations contained within have an uncanny resemblance to images from the natural world that would not have even been seen by humans for another few hundred years after the manuscripts inception such as this illustration that looks remarkably similar to a galaxy and this which has a resemblance of a plant cell yet the telescope and microscope wouldn't be invented until 200 years later there are many aspects to this manuscript that are historically out of place and way ahead of their time leading many to believe that the Voynich manuscript is the memoirs of an alien who was stranded on planet Earth which could also explain the alien like language yes I know it seemed like whenever the Internet is struggling to explain something it turns to aliens other theories from various scholars around the world include the Voynich manuscript was written by medieval scientist Roger Bacon or even by a young Leonardo da Vinci but the carbon dating of the book puts its inception out of both of these men's lifetimes it has been fought by many that's if we could crack the Voynich manuscript we would unlock the secret to eternal youth as many of the illustrations seem to allude to this over say it's in alchemists handbook and it contains hundreds of powerful alchemy recipes long lost but one incredible aspect of the Voynich manuscript which I can't wrap my head around is that upon examination under a microscope there is not a single mistake or error across all 260 plus pages of this mysterious codex there is not one piece of evidence that suggests that a correction was made by the author considering that it contains many thousands of words written in a secret code and some of the most complex detailed and beautiful illustrations from a book of this time period including a masterfully illustrated six page foldouts the fact that not a single mistake was made by the author is quite frankly unbelievable superhuman in fact today it sits securely in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript library at yet it is undoubtedly the most mysterious book within the library's vast collection every few years another learning scholar tries to look at deciphering the book stacks and unlocking its secrets or have so far failed thanks for watching if you enjoyed this video then please click here to support me on patreon to help me make more videos click 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