welcome to adventures with a very small lathe this is a 7-inch mini lathe in the previous video I completely disassembled it cleaned it divert it and started working on fixing them any problems it has at this stage my goal is to fix whatever is required to make sure the lathe works safely in the longer term I hope to make more permanent fixes and improvements so I'm compiling a catalog of problems and opportunities for projects this project has already been a major commitment so I was really delighted when Skillshare offered to sponsor this videos it'll really help the project Skillshare is an online membership community for creatives interested in learning where millions of people come together to take the next step in their creative journey Skillshare offers thousands of inspiring classes for curious people on creative topics like illustration design photography freelancing video and more I've recently explored quite a few classes on the site on video storytelling film lighting color grading and video editing as well as mechanical engineering a cat I particularly enjoyed the classes on lighting and color grading and while my lighting in color nothing to write home about I'm gradually getting better as a result the first 1,000 people who click on the link in the description we get a two-month free trial of premium memberships so you can explore your creativity you I'll start the assembly by putting the headstock back on I tried sliding on from the ends this should help make sure there aren't any fragments of dirt trapped between the headstock in the ways but it's overkill at this stage in the project when I came to tighten the bolts I noticed this problem the contact points are incorrectly aligned for this bet causing the bevel to be way out of alignment if the bevel is fitted correctly the other side of the headstock is several millimeters above the bed this will need to be shim Dory machined and will probably be one of the first improvement projects I do the four headstock screws are installed from below and probably shouldn't be over tightened until the bevel fitting issue is resolved the motor is the next thing to install the mounting stud is shipped with our completely inadequate and failed joint delivery so I'm working on a video to make quick replacements more suited to the job in the longer term I need to make a much more robust mount for the motor with any luck I can make something like the really awesome mounts youtuber Tim Nami made in the video linked in description [Music] these two hex bolts actor spaces to keep the motor steady and a drive load they need to be adjusted once I have the motor correctly positioned so I'll just set the length roughly for now the motor cable runs through this hole in the casting and into the back of the control panel but I need to carefully make sure it stays - of the lead screw which ones just under the hole here it makes sense to install the lead screw at this point which is easier with the lathe on his side first this plastic shield makes sure the cable doesn't rub on the lead screw if it sags down [Music] the lead screw hanger bearings have different fittings at the headstock end the screws fit to the hole round holes locking the bearing in position now the tailstock end each screw has a short slot so the lead screw can be adjusted to the correct angle parallel to the bed I'm leaving the tailstock end loose for now so I can adjust it later the first I thought I should tighten the headstock end but then realize this would prevent the adjustment from working correctly and might make the leaks shoot curved the belt needs to be installed and correctly tension before going any further but the spacer bolts are preventing the motor from moving enough to get past the rest of the shaft I need to shorten the spacers to allow it to move to make sure the belt runs straight parallel to the headstock and well care to avoid robbing I carefully adjust the position of the pulley now I need to readjust the spacer so the belt is kept and flapping but not so tight it'll wear out the power cable makes it really hard to see properly so I took it out again [Music] it took a while to get the motor position just right after the spacers would in the right position I needed to rotate the motor along his body until the bolts correctly aligned with the slot so they would hold it steady against the spaces as the bolts are on the opposite side of the casting and completely hidden behind the motor while I could see the spacers it took a lot of experimentation and adjustment to go right along with the motor power cable the three wires from the power Inlet need to go back through the casting as well I decided not to worry too much about the earth wire bonding while there is paint on the flat surface the screw head is good metal to metal contact along its length so the headstock and bed should be adequately earthed I took a reference photo during disassembly to make sure I knew which wire went back where it beats those situations where I find I can't read my own hundred notes a couple of days later the wires to the motor attached to two screw terminals on this complicated speed controller it would be easy to get this wrong the power input wires aren't very long so it's easier to hook the panel over the bottom three screws before fitting them the wire connection is much simpler as they attach to the obvious Spade connectors on the safety cutoff switch before I go any further I need to check everything works so I fit these top two screws and give it a spin [Music] that works so I can find the screws I saw their dings bought the washer underneath the housing when I was filming this before I move on with the rest of the assembly I needed to make sure the none of the cables are anywhere near the lead screw as it make it more difficult to check and fix later the motor cover fits with three screws directly into the casting two on the top and one down the left hand side the carefully aligned rifle he turns out to be very close to the edge of the cover to make sure it doesn't make contact I've bend the metal away of it the column for the drive belt is also the mounting plate for the upper part of the feed gear train it's held in place by two screws a symmetric positions in the headstock casting the reverse tumblers the first part of the gear trying to fit but is tricky because the spring-loaded handle needs to be pulled out and aligned with one of the details this screw holds the tumbler against the mounting plate while still allowing it to be moved between three positions for the forward feed reverse feed and feed disengaged in the middle I discovered during disassembly that it doesn't appear to disengage cleanly so fixing improving it is going to be a project the link between the tumbler and the change cases this pair of gears mounted by this bracket to gear shaft six through a hole in the mounting plate but actually runs on a bearing in the bucket the change gears are mounted on a banjo which needs to be lifted up until the gears are engaged and secured in place with this nut the banjo is very sloppy and actually forced to sit crooked when it's tightened so there's a lot to fix here earlier when I was fitting the heck spacer I noticed that the surface of the casting is not perpendicular to the length of the bed and screwing it in enforces the staggered mangle though I'm gonna fix the way the banjo sits crooked this won't be fixed first the bed is now fully assembled so it's time to start work on the larger sub assemblies the saddle these are the two most important parts of the carriage assembly the saddle itself and the cross slide the dovetail ways are adjusted and tightened by way of a gear which is held in place by these screws unfortunately the detents in the Gib don't line up with the spacing on the screw holes which means the gape isn't going to be held in place properly no matter how much I adjust the screws I'll either need to find a way to rescue this one we'll make a new gear this is probably quite a bit more oil than these dovetails really need but I can always clean it up later it took me quite a bit of fiddling to work out all the parts I needed to get the cross-slide assembled correctly the first obvious part missed out was the round plate used to attach the compound while allowing it to be rotated freely the next missing part is the lead screw nut which needs to be fitted to the underside of the slide it's held in place by two cap screws which serve to keep it aligned and firmly held it also has a third grub screw to control the vertical spacing from the top of the cross slide to make sure the lead screw runs parallel to the movement of the slide the lead screw screws into the nut which is not yet tighten in place as the exact adjustment will happen later the lead screw is held in place horizontally by this spacer which has a pocket to contain the flange on the shaft the pocket is quite a bit deeper than the width the flange returns a lot of backlash to the screws movement but laughs this large can make accurate machining very difficult so I'll be looking two ways to reduce it in addition to the backlash there's a lot of slop in the dovetail but fixing this properly will be easier once the saddle is mounts from the bed a quick trick to the center screw and the nut retaining screws is all I'll do for now this ring is the scale for trekking handrail rotation and theoretically it could be used to reduce the backlash but in practice it needs to be free to move to adjust the scale zero so that's not a useful solution to the backlash problem the handle simply screws onto the end of the shaft with the cam screw the saddle is now nearly complete and the moving parts all seem to move as they should the final parts to hold it to the bed of these plates which are screwed in place to press against the underside of the bed weighs holding the saddle down they have three through holes for the screws that hold them in place and two smaller threaded holes which one use when the lathe shipped searching around the internet has revealed that the threaded holes were intended for grub screws which control the spacing between the plates and the underside of the saddle this spacing should be adjusted to ensure the plates are parallel to the bed waist not slanted at an angle like they were when I disassembled the lathe I fitted the screws roughly in position with plenty of slack before putting the saddle on the bed plenty of oil shouldn't hire here there'll be plenty of opportunity to wipe the excess clear before the lathe is ready to run I started the plate adjustment by tightening the three main screws until the plate was just in contact with the bed and still look level to the eye I then tightened the grub screws until they felt firm against the plate this was enough grip to stop the saddle from moving so I Bank the tension off until the saddle could move but the plate was still in firm contact with the underside of the bed I just did the other side the same way but had to fine-tune the tension on both sides to make sure the saddle could move freely enough and had similar holding forces on both sides the plate should be more capable of holding the carriage steady with this larger contact area than they were when they were just scraping along the corner of the bed waste I've wrote suggestions of this can be improved by adding thick shims between the saddle and the bed so the plates can be kept stable without the screws forcing them to flex and Bend the apron to make the carriage functional the next part I need is the apron there'll be a gap held in place by these three grub screws but more on that later this shaft provides a way to engage and disengage the half nut for the fee the correct positions are handled by a ball detent held in this hole by a spring and a short grub screw the grub screw needs to be tightened until the shaft is prevented from turning beyond its normal range but it's hard to check the movement range before the handle is fitted the handle is secured on to the shaft with another grub screw and a flat on the shaft and show us of the screws it's the right angle if the spring isn't tighten enough the handle will move beyond the end of is intended travel as the ball escapes from is detail the only other part I removed for cleaning was the gear for hang cranking the carriage now we need to work out how to attach the apron to the saddle and fit the half nuts around the lead screw in the right order I couldn't work out how to do both at the same time without going an extra pair of hands so I moved the saddle to one side to sort out the half nuts first the half nuts need to be fitted on two pins on the handle rotor which caused them to open and close when the handle is turned the pinion also needs to be engaged with the wrap on the bed once everything's in the right place the kit can be slid into place and tightened this is another gear with details that don't line up with the grub screws unfortunately tightening the get retaining screws while holding everything else in the right place appears to be impossible with only two hands to work around this I'll try attaching the apron to the saddle to keep a steady first now the aprons hold still I should be able to insert the give from underneath or at least I will once the grub screws are loose enough finally success to get the good adjustment just right I want to be able to see it close-up part of the difficulty I had was because there's such a large gap between the Gibbon the dovetail which makes a slop around too much the lead screw is slopping around because I haven't yet tightened the hanger bearing fittings now the saddle is secured to the lathe there's a good time to tighten the cross light Kip I'm starting with the center screw removing as much stuff as possible but ensuring the cross type and still move without too much resistance it's important to make sure there's very little slop here as it can cause tool chatter then I turn the other two screws until they feel about the same timely all three to the same level as effectively lock the slide so they need to be backed out little it takes a short while to tune the screws until they're all around the same tension there's as little slop as possible and the slide can still move now that the apron is in position I can set the height of the lead screw I start with the screws just tight enough to stop the pinger bearing from flapping around I then primed the carriage to the tailstock end of the screw and engage the half nuts this pulls the lead screw to the correct height and a quick wiggle confirms there's very little play around this position I can now tighten the hanger bearing screws to fix the lead screw permanently at this height the compound the vinyl major addition to the carriage is the compound it's another dovetail slide but much simpler than the cross slide there are also a couple of differences in the mechanism the biggest difference is that the lead screw is attached to the top of the slide rather than to the bottom also unlike the cross flight there is no nut the shaft just screws into a threaded hole in the base the flange on the lead screw isn't held between two parts as it was on a cross light and it's not clear how it's going to be kept there at this stage the adjustable scale fits onto them shaft with a grub screw as you seen before and finally these two laps log together forcing the whole stack of parts to stay in place including the lead screw itself this is a really clunky assembly and I'm pretty sure I'm going to completely redesign it I've managed to lock everything together by over tightening but I'm going to delay sorting that out until everything's assembled mounted on the lathe the handle simply screws onto the end of the shaft with the cap screw the give retaining screws fit the same way as on the cross slide and the detent and the gibs seem to be pretty much and lineup they'll change I'll tighten them once the lead screw is sorted this round plate is where the compounds mounted and it needs to be oil to ensure it allows the compound to rotate smoothly the screws on either side of the dovetail screw into the plate the compound needed to be this far banked fits the carriage but needs to be run fully forward to tighten the give correctly so I've loosened the given lead screw enough to move it's important to make sure the give is nice and snug well the tool post won't be rigid enough to cut well I made a lot of adjustments to the gear while I was running it forward so while the time it was in place there was only a little bit of fine-tuning to do before locking the screws in place I made the gape quite a bit tighter than the cross slide as I almost never need to crank the compound long distances and it's very important to get it as rigid as practical the lathe really needs to compound locked keep it secure while machining but it doesn't currently have one the plastic angle scale that was mounted on the compound is never coming back I'll remake it in a material that looks less cheap finally the tool post I did a complete video on installing this quick change tool post which is a major upgrade from the tool post that came with the machine check the link at the top right now if you missed it the tailstock the only thing left is the tail stock the tail stock is in such bad condition I considered scrapping him but I decided to keep it around for now to see if any worthwhile improvements can be made this threaded stud locates the quill lock ring and handle the coil has a keyway machined into the sight but there's no actual key to align it the side of the quill lock ring sits in the key way and keeps the quill roughly straight the lead screw is much like the others on the lathe that has a lot of backlash which I'd like to fix it screws into the quill from the back and the flange seats against the bushing fixed into the back of the wall the retaining ring has a pocket for the flange but once again it's much deeper than the flange and the source of a lot of the backlash the two retaining screws are threaded into holes drilled at the circumference of the bushing so they also serve to lock the bushing in place the plastic feed wheel got damaged during disassembly so I'm going to replace it I haven't decided whether to order an exact replacement or if I'll get around to making a better one soon this pin is the core of the telstra lock mechanism and all be screwed through a metal plate on the underside of the bed to allow the lock to be engaged and disabled quickly the pin sits on an eccentric section of this handle shaft rotating the handle lifts the pin and presses the plate firmly against the underside of the bed the shaft is held in place by a grub screw it fits into a groove near the end the two holes at the bottom of the back will contain grub screws to help lock the tailstock onto its baseplate the base plate itself is loosely held by a cap screw which sits in this slot this allows the position of the tails hopper to be adjusted and the grub screws are needed to lock it with the plate and retaining not added to the shaft and now slits easily onto the back the nut needs to be adjusted to get the right length to make sure the locking action is easy to use and disengages cleanly the final component is this little screw to prevent the tailstock from accidentally sliding off the end and the lathe is back together and hopefully now should run without shaking yourself to pieces there's lots of fine-tuning to do especially aligning the tailstock before it can do accurate work the next steps will be improving the lathe bit by bit I'm hoping to learn quite a lot from improving this lathe and some of the products I try may not make sense for a lathe of this quality I'm going to do them anyway though as it's very liberating to have a machine to work on Warrick and Ford to make such mistakes the next video will will likely be about improvements to the motor mount after which I'll probably be looking at the way the saddle and headstock fit into the bed Skillshare support has been really helpful to make this serious happen so if you enjoyed the video please check out their community by the link in the description I'm compiling a public playlist of product videos on improving this type of layer so if you know of any good videos or want to see a product that hasn't been videoed before feel free to let me know in the stay tuned and I'll see you next time


thanks to Lego presenting Lego city for their support at PBS Digital Studios humanity's future is glorious as we master space travel we'll hop from one cold dead world to the next terraforming as we go life will blossom in our path and eventually the Galaxy will shimmer with beautiful earth-like orbs I mean maybe sounds little science fictiony but it wouldn't sound so far-fetched if we proved we could do it at least once if we successfully terraformed Mars we already have the technology to bring humans to Mars and to set up small settlements or at least we could do within a generation but those settlements will need to be cocooned shielded against the deadly cold the intense radiation and the fatal lack of atmospheric pressure surely if we want to thrive on Mars to turn it into our second home these settlers or their descendants will need to be able to open the airlocks shed their spacesuits and step out onto a survivable surface we'll need to terraform Mars as our first step to terraforming the galaxy terraforming Mars has long been a science fiction dream from Kim Stanley Robinson's Mars trilogy to Total Recall to the Red Faction game series to Elon Musk's Twitter feed but what would it really take how science fictiony is the whole concept of terraforming in the end it's a question about miss fear Martha's current atmospheric pressure is 0.6 percent that of Earth and that means circulatory shut down within a minute for an unprotected human but it also means almost no greenhouse effect life from the Sun which has already fainted due to Mars distance is radiated directly back out into space on earth that same light first bounces around in a thick atmosphere heating it up at an average of negative 60 Celsius water freezes on Mars but even if the planet were warmer liquid water would still be impossible in that thin atmosphere it sublimates directly from ice to gas and of course Earth's atmosphere protects us from harmful cosmic rays and the most dangerous ultraviolet radiation from the Sun all that bad stuff has a direct path to the Martian surface so the most important step in terraforming Mars is to give it an atmosphere ideally as close to Earth's as possible in the imaginations of sci-fi writers all we need to do is unlock the planet's latent potential after all Mars was once a warmer watery planet with a much thicker atmosphere I mean that's conclusive our Rovers and orbiters have found incontrovertible evidence of an ancient watery surface the hope then is that this water and the atmosphere that once supported it is now all locked in the planet's crust and ice caps we just need to release it surely we can just nuke the poles melt enough carbon dioxide and water vapor to kick-start a feedback cycle of greenhouse warming and that'll release more gases and voila earth 2.0 okay not so fast there's a real risk that Mars actually lost its atmosphere to space rather than absorbed it into the surface the issue is that the planet is relatively puny at 11% the mass of Earth it has a weaker gravitational field that grips less tightly to an atmosphere and that small size means that the Martian core cooled down more quickly than Earth's core solidifying long ago and shutting down as a global magnetic field Earth's magnetic field protects us from the solar wind as we saw in a recent episode the unprotected and loosely bound Martian atmosphere may have been slowly shaved away by that wind over billions of years and in fact that is exactly what happened the ablation of what is left of the Martian atmosphere has now been directly observed by NASA's MAVEN spacecraft as we've also discussed before and the lack of atmospheric material in the crust has been confirmed pretty conclusively by observations of the Martian surface in a nice nature astronomy article last year planets scientists Bruce jakosky and Christopher Edwards calculate the plausibility of using the remaining surface carbon dioxide to replenish the Martian atmosphere based on observations of NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Odyssey spacecraft they focus on co2 because it's the only plausible greenhouse molecule in any significant abundance on Mars they assess whether release of the accessible co2 reserves could get Mars anywhere near Earth's atmospheric pressure and unfortunately they conclude that no near-future technology could hope to kick-start the recovery of any useful atmosphere but you know what let's go ahead and run the numbers real quick because maybe something is still possible after all these researchers only ruled out near future technology what about medium future far future so there are three broad sources for co2 on Mars first there's the south polar ice cap which consists of water ice several kilometers deep interspersed with thick layers of co2 ice discovered by radar soundings with the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter if all of the policy o2 or at least it could maybe double the current amount of co2 in the atmosphere which is a factor of around a hundred times too low to make a difference and by the way that co2 couldn't be released with nukes alone it's too deep sorry Elon the second accessible source is co2 absorbed into the surface dust the regolith up to a hundred meters deep unlike for example Earth's permafrost this stuff wouldn't just melt under global warming it would shift in its equilibrium over 10,000 years to release a small fraction of its co2 at any rate even if we managed to heat the entire regolith across the entire Martian surface we'd only get four percent of the Earth's atmospheric pressure the final co2 sauce is carbonate minerals in the crust these carbonates would need to be mined and processed by heating to around 300 Celsius but complete strip mining of even the largest carbonate surface deposits on Mars probably get you less carbon than melting the polar ice cap so much for near-future accessible carbon but those carbonate minerals probably exist in much larger quantities deep beneath the surface and that's really our only hope to find enough co2 or really any native Martian material to replenish the atmosphere let's do a quick calculation to see what it it take first let's pretend there's an accessible layer of limestone calcium carbonate across the entire surface of Mars there isn't but hey we're dreamers we need about 10,000 kilograms of material per square meter to duplicate Earth's atmospheric pressure seriously that's how much atmosphere is above your head right now no wonder it's so hard getting out of bed in the morning high density limestone is 2500 kilometers per meter cubed and yields 44 percent of its mass in co2 when heated or exposed to acid so to get 10 tons of co2 for every square meter on the surface of Mars you'd have to dig down over 10 meters across the entire planet that's a few quadrillion tons of rock I hope you have your diamond pickaxe ready in reality of course we need to first locate and then dig down some kilometers before we could access most of the carbonates extracting such a quantity from depth is hard enough but let's think about processing it we can either keep the carbonates to hundreds of degrees Celsius or use acid to dissolve out the co2 we need to process around 20% of all Martian water via electrolysis to get that acid the electrolysis path might be better because it would give us oxygen as a byproduct of making that acid the energy cost in both cases is similar though several septillion joules several thousand times the total annual energy consumption of the entire earth that's definitely sounding for our future that not quite impossible finally we have a picture of what terraforming Mars might actually look like let's say you want to finish this work in a single generation we need to cover much of the surface of Mars in solar cells made from abundant silica in the crust or build ten or so million gigawatt fusion power plants there's really no other viable energy source we need to channel this energy deep into the crust to power vast hordes of robotic miners slash processing plants meanwhile pumping water from the ice caps across the entire globe this could get us a carbon dioxide oxygen atmosphere in a few decades or centuries or millennia if you scale down the power supply to something less insane nonetheless our descendants could see a Mars with sufficient air pressure and greenhouse effect to allow liquid water to persist on the surface now Mars actually does have enough water for a few lakes and rivers the ice cap water would cover the entire surface to about 30 meters which is not enough to start a proper water cycle have oceans but there may be a lot more water deeper in the crust we'd better hope so our brand new co2 oxygen atmosphere is not exactly earth-like in fact it instantly and fatally toxic to humans and animals and not so great for plant life certain allergies can survive in a pure co2 atmosphere which is handy because blue-green algae cyanobacteria was responsible for first oxygenating Earth's atmosphere and will need that photosynthesis because otherwise oxygen will be quickly leached from the atmosphere as it oxidizes the surface so there's our next snapshot of the far future of a terraformed Mars brand-new oceans green with photosynthesizing probably genetically engineered slime and perhaps eventually a breed of post-humans genetically or even cybernetically adapted to deal with the co2 atmosphere I just described the easy path to building an atmosphere on Mars it may be the only way to do it using only Martian materials variations are possible like introducing super greenhouse gases like CFCs but that still doesn't give us the needed atmospheric pressure at any rate to get a true earth-like atmosphere we need a non-toxic filler molecule co2 sucks nitrogen is much better it works great on earth but Mars has very little of this stuff to really build an earth-like atmosphere we have to turn our eyes to the rest of the solar system one popular idea is just to smack some comets into Mars comets contain tons of frozen volatiles gas forming molecules like co2 h2o and the presence of molecular nitrogen in comets was only recently confirmed by the rosetta mission but how many comments do we need well assuming comets contain an amount of nitrogen similar to the composition of the pre solar nebula then we can guess that around 5% of the comments mass is nitrogen that gives the typical medium-to-large comment a hundred billion tons of the stuff so to build a quadrillion ton nitrogen atmosphere that's like ten thousand comets okay so we're silly in far-future lala land but it's actually not significantly less crazy or more crazy than melting the martian surface what would this effort look like imagine is a vast fleet of robotic spacecraft swarming the Kuiper belt noting its plentiful ice balls in just the right way to send them plowing towards Mars hopefully with exquisite aim otherwise earth is in for a pounding also it would presumably take centuries to put such a fleet in place and more centuries to deorbit those comets once Mars has been suitably bombarded there's still a lot of work tweaking the new atmosphere but the good news is that those comets brought with them a lot of water so we have deep global oceans at this point okay let's fast-forward several centuries Mars has an atmosphere either release from deep in the crust or brought in from the far outer solar system the last step is to protect the new atmosphere we cannot restart Mars as magnetic field to do so we have to remelt the entire core but we can try to build an external magnetic shield the easiest would be to do that in space an orbiting field generator place between Mars and the Sun like a giant space umbrella the resources and energy needed to build this is insane but hey we just built an atmosphere so why not honestly all of this is pretty insane and frankly unlikely would we really muster the resources to terraform Mars if we can't do the same to re terraform earth but there is another option why build a sky if we can build a roof instead of terraforming what if we para terraform build what is known as a world house we could cover vast tracts of land with an airtight bubble or more likely many many connected bubbles these would be tall enough to encapsulate entire cities and importantly plenty of earth-like natural wilderness oh and I'm still a proponent of centrifuge cities maglev rotating habitats to simulate earth gravity also shown rather beautifully in this more practical design by James telfa if we wanted to cover say 10% of the Martian surface with a 300 meter tall world house it requires several orders of magnitude less material than building an entire atmosphere so say a handful of comets and/or the polar ice caps should be enough to fill our world house with air and water now without a real atmosphere space radiation is going to be a problem for our world house as is the constant bombardment of micro meteors people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones nor live under a stone throwing universe but perhaps there are advanced orders very very thick materials that would serve so there is our final image of humanity's future on Mars thousands of City sized bubbles spread across the still barren landscape and inside each bubble an oasis a lush snow globe replica of Old Earth however we do it Mars will surely be our first step our proof of concept you we choose that destiny if we choose to terraform space-time thanks to Lego presenting Lego city for their support of PBS Digital Studios can you believe it's been 50 years since we landed on the moon it started out with one small step for man and now the journey to Mars is right around the corner featuring sets inspired by real aerospace technology Lego City space aims to inspire future space explorers to imagine what role they can play to get us to the Red Planet to discover more go to the link in the description so we missed a couple of comment responses today I'm going to cover two episodes the episode what happened before the Big Bang in which we look at eternal inflation as well as the episode on the exciting possibility that the north and south magnetic poles may be about to flip wabi-sabi asks why the in photon field is assumed to be a scalar field well that's a great question but I'm afraid the answer may not be satisfying it's because a scalar field is all you need this is the simplest type of quantum field consisting only of a single scalar value at all points in space give such a field a constant energy density and you get exponential expansion but more complex fields like vector fields and spin-off fields can do the job - and some inflationary models use them resulting in more complex inflation scenarios but many physicists argue that you shouldn't add unnecessary complexity so a scalar field tends to be the default for inflation joshua kaki asks whether the in photon field could also explain dark energy well the answer is yes possibly inflation supposedly happened because the in photon field had a very high energy density and it stopped when that energy dropped to a very low value but that low value may not have been zero if the input on field was left with a very tiny but positive energy density that it's possible that it could now be powering the current accelerating expansion that we call dark energy but for that to happen the Implanon field would have to have transitioned between two stable or semi stable states that are a factor of 10 to the power of 27 different in energy now we can try to imagine single filled with that property or we can imagine two separate fields it's not clear which of those two imaginings is more stretch there were a lot more great questions on eternal inflation but I'll get to those when we do the eternal inflation challenge question answer episode 4 now let's move on to the possible flipping of Earth's north and south magnetic poles earth and I point out that while Venus lacks an earth-type intrinsic magnetic field the solar winds striking its atmosphere creates an induced magnetic field that does protect the planet that's a nice point Earth Knight it's a very cool effect the solar wind partially ionizes Venus's upper atmosphere electrical currents are induced and these produce a magnetic field that pushes back against the sun's magnetic field Venus's magnetic force shield isn't nearly as strong as Earth's however so our Venusian floating cloud cities had better still have very thick roofs as many viewers noted what we currently call the North Magnetic Pole is technically a South Magnetic Pole as in what we would call the South Pole of a magnetic dipole or a bar magnet you know how the magnetic north pole of a bar magnet is attracted to the South Pole of a second bar magnet well your compasses North Pole is attracted to geographic north which means geographic North must correspond to a magnetic South Pole Nolan Westridge while laughing in Australian notes that with the flipping of the magnetic poles it will be America's turn to be upside down well given that the northern hemisphere is currently the magnetic south I think that means that North America Europe and most of Asia have been at the bottom of the world all this time without realizing it so hold on to something and don't look at the sky it's a long way down [Music] you


this is a video by real-life lore sponsored by seriously digital entertainment and our mobile game that's seen briefly before the main portion of the video begins in about 45 seconds I'd like to thank my incredible sponsor their game is about a meteorite that crashes into a fictional planet that apparently transforms it into a free puzzle adventure game where you can collect and upgrade little characters by matching these same colored objects to defeat virtual slugs in the real world meteorite impacts often caused nothing but mass destruction and chaos with maybe a few extinction events but in this virtual world it's actually created a pretty fun game with some character quests where you can win virtual prizes like gold and hopefully not going extinct there's quests every 50 levels and you can play competitively against your also non extinct friends on Facebook through their leaderboards I'm on there at level 32 so if you're the type of person that has to be better than you can download the game for free with a link in the description and if you actually play it to level 10 they'll throw some free virtual gold and diamonds your way that's apparently worth $4.99 if you skip the video until now then you should feel just a tiny bit bad about yourself but the main portion of the video begins now anyway regardless so here's an interesting question how many times has the earth been struck by an asteroid when you look at the moon or planets like Mercury you can tell right away that they've been impacted a lot because you can physically count hundreds of craters on their surface but this isn't really the case with her perfectly preserved impact craters are rare or blend in extremely well with the environment here and it's not because Earth has been impacted any less it's because earth has processes like erosion and tectonic activity that the moon and Mercury don't the earth has likely been hit by asteroids just as many times as the moon or mercury in the past but how many times have humans actually witnessed an event like this happening to start with the earth has likely already been hit several times today and may be getting hit right now while you're watching this video by extremely small pieces of rocks called meteoroids which can range in size from a grain of sand up to a one meter wide object about 15,000 tons of objects of this size enter the Earth's atmosphere every year and while most of these don't reach the surface the few that do are called meteorites like this one that hit somebody's house in the San Francisco Bay area back in 2012 or this one that smashed through somebody's car in Illinois in 1938 but the larger and out is the larger the damage that is caused by it asteroids with a diameter of four meters or about the size of an elephant hit the earth about once every year on average while objects about seven meters wide which can cause an explosion similar in scale to the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima hit our planet about every five years or so an event the same scale of Hiroshima happening every few years may seem like it would be spectacularly obvious but they generally go unnoticed because the majority of the earth's surface is covered in water a majority of the Earth's landmass is still sparsely populated and many of these objects simply explode in the upper atmosphere several impact events occur every year without ever being witnessed by humans between 1975 and 1992 for example American missile early warning satellites detected 136 major explosions in the upper atmosphere caused by moderately sized air bursting meteors this map here shows you the frequency of air burst meteors between 1 and 20 meters in size between 1994 and 2013 which you can see are fairly common events but what about the really scary asteroids that could wipe out an entire city or even all of human civilization you may be asking well asteroids about 20 meters wide about the size of a six-story building hit the earth about twice every 100 years and cause an explosion of about 500 kilotons or about 30 times the scale of her Oshima the last one of these sized events happened fairly recently in 2013 over Chelyabinsk Russia the asteroid remained undetected by humanity until it entered the atmosphere and weighed about the same as the Eiffel Tower despite being just 20 meters wide it was witnessed by thousands of people before exploding 30 kilometers above the ground which damaged 7,200 buildings across six different cities like this one injured 1,500 people severely enough to visit a hospital and caused 30 million dollars in damage coincidentally just 16 hours after this meteor struck the earth another asteroid that was 50 percent larger at 30 meters wide just barely missed the earth at a distance of only 27,000 700 kilometers or about the distance of two earths placed side-by-side the asteroids were not related to each other and had completely different orbits but it's not the first weird coincidence earth or even humanity has had with near-miss asteroids on March 23rd 1989 an asteroid 300 metres wide about the same size as this skyscraper in Dubai missed the earth by just 700,000 kilometers and passed through the exact same position that the earth was in a mere six hours previously had that asteroid been only six hours early on its journey of millions of years it would have impacted and caused the largest explosion in all of recorded history about 600 megatons or 12 times the power of the Tsar Bomba the largest nuclear weapon ever detonated the largest meteor known to have actually hit the earth during our recorded history was probably the Tunguska event which happened back in 1908 in that year an asteroid somewhere between 60 metres and 190 meters wide exploded just a few kilometers above the remote wilderness of Siberia the power of the explosion was somewhere between 3 & 5 megatons comparable to a modern-day hydrogen bomb it is estimated that 80 million trees were destroyed by the blast over an area about the size of Rhode Island but because of the extreme remoteness of Siberia especially in 1908 it's unknown if anybody actually died from this event but the shockwave did reportedly shattered windows and knocked people down up to hundreds of kilometers away an event like this is estimated to happen only about every 1,200 years on average but there are even larger asteroids that have hit the earth in prehistoric times that may hit us in the future asteroids the size of one kilometer appear to hit our planet about once every four hundred forty-four thousand years and release about 23,000 megatons or 460 SR bombas larger five kilometer asteroids impact the earth about once every 20 million years and can create explosions equal to 2.84 Giga tons or 56 thousand eight hundred Tsar Bomba and finally truly titanic asteroids over ten kilometers in size that are capable of ending life on the planet strike the earth very rarely the last known instance of something this big hitting our planet with 66 million years ago but it did completely wipe out about 75% of all living things on the planet including the dinosaurs assuming that these rates continue for the next billion years there exists right now about 2,000 asteroids larger than one kilometer that will eventually strike our planet but when and where exactly maybes apocalypse has happened to answer that question we must understand that there are an estimated 14 thousand asteroids that are considered near-earth objects meaning that their orbits come relatively close to Earth at some point 93% of these asteroids that are one kilometer wide or larger are thought to have been discovered which would leave about 70 of these massive objects remaining so far undetected in the darkness of all the asteroids that have been discovered 1651 are considered by NASA to be potentially hazardous out of which 157 are larger than one kilometer but unless humanity is absurdly unlucky our odds of being struck by any of these in the near future is almost nil the most likely impact is with an asteroid 160 metres wide which would be bad if it happened but the odds are only one in 625 and it wouldn't even hit until sometime between 21 85 and 21 98 another asteroid about 490 metres wide which would be a lot worse but has just a one in two thousand seven hundred chance of hitting us around that same time frame and the third most likely on the list is a big one at one point three kilometers wide but only has a 1 in 8333 chance of hitting our planet in the distant future of 2880 but that's still a little better odds than you winning an Academy Award sometime in your lifetime and significantly better than your odds of ever winning the lottery in the very far distant future about 1 point 35 million years from now the star Gliese 710 will pass a mere 77 light days from the earth which is 20 times closer to us than the closest star is today and it would severely mess up our solar system by sending more asteroids flying towards us from the outer reaches of the solar system there are over 2,000 huge asteroids waiting for our planet in the distant future but will humanity still be waiting around for their arrival when they inevitably come knocking so thank you for watching this video I hope that you enjoyed what you just watched and if you did I hope that you'll consider subscribing channels that they updated with content just like this in the future by clicking over here you can watch some of my older videos in the meantime by clicking over here on the left side and I'll be looking forward to you watching my next video soon thank you so much again for


[Music]
I
guess
you
could
say
this
place
is
looking
a
little
dead
did
you
know
that
if
you
clench
your
buns
hard
enough
it'll
stop
your
heart
why
didn't
you
just
do
that
wow
what
do
you
think
it
would
[Music]
[Music]
Washington
[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
cleanup
froze
I
don't
fight
you
laugh
like
the
beat
I
keep
with
drunk
drink
I
do
little
boy
[Music]
you
want
to
be
an
e
boy
you
want
to
be
an
epic
gamer
with
the
razor
keyboard
triple
monitors
and
LED
lights
and
you
make
some
[ __ ]
LEDs
in
your
room
Stardust
LEDs
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[Music]
[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
[Music]
hey
good
marketers
it's
a
what
a
market
is
can
I
see
you
yeah
that's
nice
what
is
it
a
market
is
that's
nice
kill
the
king
the
bonus
before
there's
no
[Music]
as
with
my
this
is
the
Tesla
Model
X
and
my
friend
no
one
knows
nothing
about
Tesla's
so
I
thought
we'd
give
him
a
little
bit
of
a
surprise
okay
so
I'm
with
my
friend
Noah
who
has
never
been
in
a
Tesla
he
doesn't
know
anything
about
Tesla's
and
I'm
gonna
show
him
how
fast
they
go
pretty
fast
oh
shoot
what
I
forgot
something
I'm
gonna
be
right
back
you
can
just
keep
this
rolling
I'll
be
right
back
all
right
hey
audience
just
me
low
execs
grabbing
some
stuff
I
didn't
have
to
move
the
car
with
a
minute
and
see
how
you
react
right
now
what
the
steering
wheel
no
no
no
is
he
climbing
on
the
seats
not
on
my
seats
Noah
let's
go
fast
hey
Oh
instead
of
moving
yeah
I
think
you
put
a
neutral
do
you
scared
yeah
I
can't
roll
therefore
my
phone
died
I
don't
know
what
to
do
Jackson
can
have
one
of
your
Oreos
yeah
go
ahead
[Music]
[Music]
sorry
do
you
have
any
talents
I
roll
baby
yeah
I'm
actually
pretty
good
veteran
Jonas
a
go
help
shorty
I'm
back
you
know
with
a
fairness
that's
your
territory
I'm
just
joy
these
groceries
but
mister
why
what
we
don't
get
the
[ __ ]
out
of
my
store
Lulu
wait
is
it
just
me
or
do
those
beats
tank
putrid
nostrils
are
bro
we're
gonna
need
you
to
cover
up
those
puppies
ASA
we
would
strongly
recommend
that
you
invest
in
100%
wool
socks
team
that
is
an
appropriate
minimum
because
if
you
don't
we're
gonna
have
to
put
this
entire
building
on
lockdown
thank
you
[Music]
four
three
two
[Music]
the
world
will
change
for
me
Wanderers
[Music]
hey
what
are
you
guys
doing
in
here
you
guys
wanna
play
who's
most
likely
do
okay
okay
so
I'm
gonna
ask
a
question
and
whoever
it
shocks
is
the
person
most
likely
to
do
that
thing
you
guys
ready
yeah
yes
who
here
is
most
likely
to
be
a
stripper
told
me
that
what
all
those
ones
in
her
person
who
here
is
most
likely
to
get
the
corona
virus
who
here
is
most
likely
to
get
beaten
up
in
a
bar
fight
who
here
is
most
likely
to
drop
out
of
high
school
[Music]
so
um
the
other
day
I
bought
this
toothpaste
from
you
guys
okay
and
it
kind
of
tasted
like
you
know
Bugs
Bunny's
balls
like
it
just
it
wasn't
very
good
I
don't
know
if
there's
like
a
satisfaction
or
your
money
back
type
of
thing
or
we
can't
return
that
you
know
I
every
see
weekend
I
don't
have
a
receipt
okay
but
I
remember
hearing
satisfaction
or
your
money
back
or
something
like
that
most
like
yeah
thank
you
so
much
[Music]
[Applause]
oh
my
god
stop
snapchatting
mean
he's
so
creepy
I'm
so
uncomfortable
like
evil
makes
me
so
scared
like
I'm
so
uncomfortable
well
why
don't
you
just
delete
them
oh
my
god
I'm
not
gonna
do
that
like
that'd
be
so
rude
[Music]
[Music]
dataverse
slow
down
Social
Security
I
said
slow
down
oh
my
god
guys
tell
me
I'm
not
the
only
one
whose
dad
puts
the
weirdest
stuff
in
their
living
room
like
are
you
serious
a
bowling
pin
no
like
seriously
why
is
this
in
here
conversing
with
the
gals
what
the
boys
are
here
[Music]
from
Kentucky
welcome
to
DC
hey
guys
it's
a
Shila
brain
beep-boop
here
and
today
I
want
to
show
you
how
to
speak
fake
Chinese
fake
Chinese
what
let's
do
it
the
first
thing
you
want
to
do
is
you
want
to
get
the
voice
inflections
down
so
for
example
how
are
you
in
Chinese
would
be
niihama
you
want
to
have
that
up
down
up
me
how
about
me
how
so
it
really
doesn't
matter
what
you
say
just
have
to
have
that
up
down
up
or
that
up
down
up
down
chance
the
rapper
Waka
taco
thing
step
to
Chinese
people
are
some
of
the
smartest
people
and
nicest
people
I
know
so
if
you
really
want
to
learn
how
to
do
a
fake
Chinese
or
speaking
a
Chinese
accent
you
have
to
intertwine
yourself
with
that
culture
step
3
to
sound
really
authentic
you
have
to
make
these
noises
as
if
someone
punched
you
in
the
stomach
as
if
you're
beatboxing
sure
as
if
you're
a
librarian
you
put
everything
together
this
is
what
it
should
sound
like
what's
only
humble
pie
[Laughter]
the
scrubs
checking
me
and
his
kiddies
kind
of
Luke
and
I
know
that
he
gonna
approach
me
because
I'm
talking
like
laughs
and
he's
looking
like
trash
can
gap
with
no
tobira
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
yeah
Instagram
no
snapchat
still
no
then
what
do
you
have
a
life
where
sports
[Applause]
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
I'll
be
talking
with
my
lawyer
she
said
where'd
you
find
this
guy
young
people
fall
in
love
with
the
wrong
sometimes
that's
all
right
that's
okay
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Music]
no
no
no
no
well
no
no
no
no
what
you
need
to
go
to
class
right
now
but
y'all
really
still
take
your
up
with
me
like
have
y'all
ever
ate
a
raw
peanut
butter
and
jelly
sandwich
so
what
[ __ ]
thought
right
um
somebody
asked
me
if
sex
have
an
age
limit
no
cuz
like
doesn't
that
defeat
the
purpose
of
a
bimbo
so
many
times
[Applause]
[Music]
how
would
I
get
helped
I
don't
go
anywhere
without
you
okay
so
sine
X
zero
is
always
[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
[Music]
what
do
you
want
what's
in
there
[ __ ]
goldfish
in
there
son
what
do
you
want
me
to
do
with
that
[ __ ]
what
do
you
want
a
minute
[ __ ]
it
I
am
content


this video is brought to you by Squarespace the best way to make an amazing website hey guys it's max today I am super excited to be bringing you guys a comparison between the brand-new 2020 MacBook Air in the mid 2019 base model MacBook Pro there has been an excellent value macbook that we have been highly recommending and we're gonna figure out which one of these machines is the best value for most people now we're not only gonna be talking about specs and performance for the CPU and the graphics which are important we're also going to look at things such as the keyboard the speakers webcams microphones displays we're gonna look at video editing performance some gaming and also we're gonna look at thermals and I'll show you guys the insides of these two machines we're gonna test how hot they get and what is their performance under loads so let's get right into it now as I stack these up I do want to say that we have links to both of these down in the video description below both the new models and also very good discounts and also some refurbished ones so if you guys are looking to buy definitely go and check that out and I hope support our channel helps us to keep making videos like these ones especially when we're stuck at home being quarantined here so you guys can see that these machines basically look identical if I just stack them on top of each other the footprint is the same and if we look at the back over here and it really looks identical now what is different is when we look at the front the MacBook Air has its classic wedge shape that I personally really like whereas the MacBook Pro has its standard kind of more of a boxy squarish design and then if we look from the side over here you guys will see that a little wedge cut out and that makes the MacBook Air a little bit more comfortable in the hand to hold and makes it feel like it's kind of thinner and smaller that was a very smart design just design decision by Apple when they designed the first one whereas the MacBook Pro definitely does feel chunkier now as far as weight differences this one comes in at 3 pounds the MacBook Pro whereas the MacBook Air it got slightly heavier for 2020 2.8 pounds so in all reality there really isn't much of a difference on the exterior now both these models also have two Thunderbolt 3 ports that run at full speed 40 gigabit per second and then also a headphone jack if you take a quick glance at the insides you might not notice a difference right away but the MacBook Pro even the base model does have the touch bar and you know some people like them a lot of people don't like them personally I don't use mine that often other than the built-in commands both these machines do have touch ID built in which works very well and then if we look down low where you'll see that the MacBook Pros trackpad is slightly larger now I have no issues with the MacBook Airs trackpad it is plenty big enough it doesn't limit you whatsoever so that is not a complaint and then looking above you might notice some differences in the keyboard now this uses the same new magic keyboard as Apple calls it from the 16 inch MacBook Pro and I absolutely love that keyboard now I wasn't a huge hater of the butterfly keys they are larger than the previous ones they're more tactile they're very stable now basically what Apple did is took this design and then put in a scissor mechanism with better travel so this is the best of both worlds from Apple's old keyboards and the butterflies combined and what most people care about is long term reliability and you definitely know that you're not gonna have any issues with this new one now I will say that this MacBook Pro does use the latest version of the butterfly keyboard and I have not heard any issues with that both of these laptops use 720p FaceTime cameras and this is the quality from the new 2020 MacBook Air and this is the base 2019 MacBook Pros webcam and microphone quality you guys go ahead and let me know down in the comments section below which one looks in sounds better if you guys could tell a difference now let's talk about the displays both of these are high quality high resolution retina displays we have the same exact size the same resolution but we do have some differences the MacBook Air gets around 350 to maybe 400 nits of brightness whereas the MacBook Pro can output 500 nits and that will help out if you're in bright rooms maybe outside you're battling some reflectivity now there's one other difference and that is the color gamut the MacBook Air can do very well for srgb so if you're doing standard JPEG photos you want to edit those you're gonna have a good color accuracy but the map Pro can actually display dcpip three colors which means it's just more colors that can show off you guys see this logo right here is actually showing up whereas on the MacBook Air that color cannot be displayed so we're not seeing that how big of a deal is that well I think for most people it really doesn't matter personally if I was doing things like video editing and especially for HDR where you're gonna be doing 10 bits I would say definitely you would want the MacBook Pros display now it's time to compare the speakers you guys put on your best pair of headphones and I want you guys to listen to both and let me know what differences you hear down in the comments section below [Music] [Music] [Music] so I'll give you guys my opinions the MacBook Pro does have the better speakers it is louder the bass sounds better and the highs are much more crisp and sharp if you want the best speakers definitely go for the MacBook Pro but I will say that the MacBook Air is not a slouch the speaker's still sound good better than most Windows laptops that I've tested it's gonna be interesting comparing it to the surface laptop 3 because that has a great speaker system and I absolutely love that Windows laptop so make sure you guys are subscribed with notifications enabled if you guys want to see that comparison now we are going to be moving on to performance test this is gonna get very very interesting but first let me give a shout out to our sponsor Squarespace if you've been thinking about making a new website or replacing your old one now is the time and Squarespace is the best option even if you've had no web making experience all you do is choose a template customize blocks of text and images and easily move them around it's incredibly simple affordable and ours has been running for over two years now bringing in new clients thanks to its built-in SEO tools so whether you're making a website for a small business or literally anything else go to squarespace.com slash max tech or use our custom link below and start your free no credit card required two-week trial and when you're ready to launch you will save 10% off your first purchase of a website or a domain and now let's test out the SSD performance as I mentioned this is a base model MacBook Pro so it has 128 gig SSD at the read performance is very similar but the write performance the macbook air is man almost three times faster now that is because we do have a 128 gig if you went out and you got a 256 gig version of the MacBook Pro then it would be pretty much matching up as far as SSDs and now let's get into performance so I'm gonna go ahead and start this Geekbench 5 test and as it's running I'll give you guys the specs now this MacBook Pro is the base model has 8 gigabytes of low power ddr3 has a 1.4 gigahertz quad core i5 processor and that goes up to 3.9 gigahertz now with this MacBook Air because Apple dropped the prices and they're giving us a better value I went up to an i5 from the three that gives us a quad-core processor that starts at one point one gigahertz and goes up to three point five now I would say for almost anybody that's buying a MacBook Air spend that extra $100 because your performance is going to get much better not only that but graphics as well so it's well worth it now the other difference is that the MacBook Pro uses an eighth generation Intel processor whereas this MacBook Air is the first Mac to use a tenth generation processor and here we have a results and I was not expecting this now as far as multi-core score the MacBook Pro which has a higher frequency processor and better cooling this gets 22% higher multi-core score which I was expecting but what I wasn't was that the MacBook Air would get a 26% higher single core score this MacBook Air has a faster and higher single core score than my 12 core Mac Pro it is it is really good and this means that if you're doing simple tasks like web browsing opening up tabs new applications it's gonna be very snappy and now let's switch over to the graphics I'm gonna be running the metal test if you're getting the i5 processor you're gonna get the same exact graphics as the i7 version ok wow I was not expecting this big of a difference both have iris plus graphics this has 10 yet the MacBook Air is basically scoring three times as high as the MacBook Pro in metal man that that's getting me very interested in the final cut test but first this is Unigine Heaven using the extreme preset and this is gonna get interesting because it's gonna be putting a lot of heat on the GPU is a more consistent load and Wow another thing that I did not expect so for gaming when you're pushing the graphics to the max for an extended period of time the MacBook Pro graphics are actually faster we've got 10 point 6 FPS compared to 9 point oh that is interesting and then if I look at the graphics temperatures this one the MacBook Air is running at 81 Celsius compared to 76 so even though the graphics chip itself isn't getting too hot the CPU is putting out a bunch of heat altogether and that means it has to slow down I think now is the perfect time to get into thermal Worman so first off the fans are not being maxed out on either one of these systems 7100 RPM spray can go all the way up to 8,000 so the fan does run faster but the fan running faster isn't going to make a difference because if you guys look at these shots right here you'll see that the MacBook Air the new one just like the old ones the heatsink is not connected to the actual fan so it does draw air in and the actual cool has been redesigned to have these little chambers but without any heat pipes they cannot do that good of a job cooling down I have seen a bench r20 open here we're just gonna put a huge load on all of the cores with the CPU and then Intel power gadget so we can see what's happening with our wattage with our temperatures and with our frequencies let's go ahead and click start where for our multi core test and right off the bat this hit 3.5 gigahertz compared to MacBook MacBook Pro hitting 3.9 gigahertz and as soon as our test starts we are down to 2.4 MacBook Air is slowing down faster it's already hit a hundred degrees Celsius compared to 78 the i5 10 gen in the MacBook Air is actually a wide processor so it's designed to be ultra efficient low power usage and even though it did spike up to 25 watts it didn't stay there very long whereas this is running right now 26-28 the CPU is running still at 3 gigahertz and the MacBook Air settled at 1.5 gigahertz around 1011 watts so this is where thermal performance and having heatsink that's actually connected to the fan comes into plate that means that even though the MacBook Pro is only 22% faster and Geekbench 5s multi-core score if you're gonna be putting a 100% load on all of the cores for an extended period of time because of thermals the MacBook Pro is 65% faster and now I'm very curious about video editing so I have final cut open in front of me I'm gonna do just a few tests but if you guys want a more detailed video on how the 2020 MacBook Air handles video editing go ahead and check out the link in the video description to my other channel where I'll do a video just on that now starting out here I have two Clips open side-by-side this is a 20 second 4k clip I'm gonna test out stabilization which is going to test the graphics performance for a video editing I'm gonna click here hit start it's been 20 seconds and so far the MacBook Air is ahead at 60% compared to 43 now it is starting to heat up a bit so should be slowing down to live as far as graphics it got done in 35 seconds whereas the MacBook Pro is still at 63 degrees Celsius it's not heating up at all when we're doing this task 45 seconds so 10 seconds slower next I have a 5-minute 4k project open the same clip here but we have some color correction applied I have a lot up light onto here and some film grain so I'll let's go ahead just hit the spacebar I have it set up to the better quality so this is full 4k being played back here and as far as smoothness I mean both of them are looking pretty good and now let's export this five-minute 4k project with effects I'm using the web browser preset in 4k and after 22 seconds we're already at 95 99 degrees Celsius where's the MacBook Air 72 the fans are idling so yeah we're seeing a good trend here so it's been pretty much 5 minutes and the MacBook Pro is at 52% where this MacBook Air is at 26% so basically if for video editing the MacBook Pro is twice a slow once you actually get into it and you are doing some heavier stuff for short bursts excellent very good but for long stuff I mean we could see right here it's it's literally thirty percent sixty percent at five and a half minutes it's not worth so I'm gonna cancel this if you guys want to see me testing out some 1080p video editing and maybe a couple other scenarios that video will be in the video description but I don't want to be sitting here waiting this much longer so let's finish up this video guys and which one of these would I recommend as the best value first off the MacBook Air definitely surprised me the fact that the single core score was 26% higher than this one is EXO and the multi-core score was 22% lower not thus big of a difference that I was expecting in that kind of regarding for regular tasks regular productivity apps web usage email typing that kind of stuff this will actually be snappier date today not only that but the battery life is also better now Apple doesn't give a big difference I think they read this at 11 hours compared to 10 but in my usage I would say for kind of medium loads not just video playback you're gonna get maybe two hours better I would say at least two I mean right now just looking at the bag of life during the test this thing fared way better even under load so that is excellent of course the keyboard is excellent the shape of the bodies great for typing so for those people that are doing regular tasks like simple productivity emails web use the stuff that this machine was designed for this is even better than it's ever been before because it now has way more performance for those regular usages now unfortunately if you're gonna be putting them under heavy load say 4k video editing that's extended gaming it cannot keep up because of thermals in that situation the MacBook Pro is still the king even though it's definitely weaker in terms of graphics now the display is better here it's brighter the speaker sound better and for different things like photo editing video editing stuff like that you're gonna want the better color accuracy and the much better cooling performance so I'll have links to both down in video description below there are some great deals on the MacBook Pros well that brings it closer to the MacBook Airs price you guys can go and check that out thank you guys for wash and click that circle above to subscribe and if you want to see some other videos on the MacBook Air we'll have them right over there the spin Max and I'll see you in the next video


so there is like many multiple ways to go inside of crucible take your mini hammer and kill people you can take the worm guy caress way you can even go the synthase prompt but both of those exotics actually require at least one kill before you can start chaining Chios today guys we're gonna show you how to go straight into crucible and before the match is even in full swing you can get one hit kill melees with your mini hammer now it turns out this was a glitch found for PvE players we've just converted it here to PvP where you take Telesto here and you shoot it on the ground as you know it drops those crystals until that's there's kind of a weird one right because it's actually like fusion projectiles there with this exotic part but then you throw a grenade add those crystals upon detonating you'll be able to stack roaring flames and the more crystals you detonate at once the more stacks of roaring flames you get which of course maxes out at 3 stacks thus allowing us to immediately run into every engagement with a 1 hit kill hammer pretty much from any range to as long as you've got good aim your hammer will get the one-hit ko now before we get too deep into today's build we do have a sponsorship that's right boys rain shadow legends I'm not gonna lie I've invested way too much into this game but man it's a top Singh and if you're a fan of this old classic turn-based RPG games but with modern graphics a man raid is it fellas now previously you could only play raid on mobile which I very much liked but now you can actually download rate on your desktop now the game is cross device so you can actually play with the same user and switch between the devices on the go now currently right now I have a clan yes the Bayou boys are going in strong if you play this game though feel free to link up with us as there's so many clan based activities that being part of a clan really helps out here on top of that if you are a new player clicking the link below will actually give you 100,000 silver to clam boss keys 10 mystery shards as well as one free champion this is actually a promotion that Ray put together for the next 30 days that will reward new players all of these items straight to your in-game inbox and again the champion that you get is called the adjudicator which even after all the hours that I've played this game I still haven't unlocked this champion big shout-out to radio for sponsoring today's video let's get into the build guys first up yes we are taking advantage of Telesto - lets go on its own guys no kidding it's still confusing rifle I know it's not what it was what last year can't even remember when he got nerf at one point in time Telesto yes it was somewhat of a problem now the reason why I was actually an issue was because that exotic perk unplanned reprieve made the fusion boats be projectiles there are actually literal crystals that attaches to the enemy and it's ceramics now it has a delayed void blast although not as delayed as it was back in Destiny one but the beautiful thing about being crystals is that the weapon never received damage fall-off which was somewhat of an issue previously when Telesto was hitting so hard now it hits 13 on damage per bolt so for the most part in order to get the kill you will need to land five crystals but it has a 780 charge time which to me is that sweet spot I love things like main ingredient with liquor coils as whether something like tempered Dynamo from scourge of the pass that's 780 charge time to me it's like the sweet spot I don't know what it is it just works out for me but that's not the point obviously Telesto still pretty good but the main benefit here is the ability to self detonate these fusion crystals and get roaring flames times 3 now roaring flames times 3 got a big buff in sandbox two-point 7.0 first inside of PvP it went from doing 10% damage per stack to a whopping 25% damage per stack which is literally the reason why we are actually able to get the one-hit ko with roaring flames times 3 probably in the previous sandbox even if we were to do a glitch like this we still wouldn't get the one-hit ko we would need something like cyntha SEPs or worm guy caress now we don't need any of those it also got to increase their in duration from 15 seconds to 20 seconds allowing for this build right here to be carried around almost the entire map i prying flames times 3 I've got 20 whole seconds boys 20 seconds to get to wherever I need to get now the moment you'd throw your hammer into an enemy yes it's an instant kill but it also refreshes that roaring flames duration and on top of that after throwing your hammer you literally can just pick it right back up it fully recharges your melee ability and if you happen to hit your enemy which is what you're trying to do here the hammer pickup also triggers health regeneration hands down the only thing we're missing here is an exotic that recalls our hammers like straight up God of War I know we're ripping it from him but that is all we need and then we'll ah you've got one hit ko hammers all day long unfortunately we don't have that exotic yeah Bunji please make it but there's also made me scratch my head and wonder which exotic here is best to pair with this bill I think originally I thought this was going to be great with the new tiny exotics severance enclosure as it comes with the exotic perk spero Matic Trigger defeating a guardian with a melee attack or combined with the finisher unleashes a damaging explosion hands-down this would be perfect but severance enclosure it's just bad man I mean it is one of the few exotics I have not individually reviewed because of how bad it is I see nothing good about this exotic if I could give it a rating less than one star I would if that explosion was larger bigger did more damage this may have actually been a viable build to pair together now the other thing that had led me to was possibly pairing it with some of my doom archers throwing it into a group of enemies having linear actuators discharged its charged damage while simultaneously having a hammer take out whoever it is you've land the hammer on sounds good in theory but for the most part I found myself in dangerous situations with doom archers it's like the moment I saw groups of enemies I just flocked them like a bug in a light and with died thus resulting to me obviously losing my hammer and using up a grenade charge and having to wait however long depending on your build for both of those to come back so then I relied on the exotic chess piece our material as it comes with the exotic perk and another thing gained an additional grenade charge very simple does it nationally have the best reviews it's a very simple exotic simply giving me a second grenade though here actually allowed me in those moments where I am playing chaotically and I happen to die the just respawn and proc roaring flames times three all over again it's opened up a lot of things because I actually expect everything to strength the cooldown on that is not too bad especially if I happen to lose my hammer and having two grenades always recharging at all times allowed me to always spawn up throw some Telesto fusion crystals on the ground and then proceed to throw a grenade at it now the grenade choice notice I'm using fusing grenades so I actually went into this using thermite grenades I try to make it work the problem was there's like a delay when you throw that thermite grenade down it's a very small delay but the fusion wave or the the solar wave has like that travel time right unfortunately I think the travel time there would detonate the crystals prematurely thus resulting in roaring flames not always proc incorrectly like sometimes we would get roaring flames times three and then at other times we would only get one stack of roaring flames or two stacks so even though fusion grenades are a little more complicated to land correctly because notice I'm throwing it on the ground I'm bouncing it up because for some reason even though a fusion grenade is supposed to be a sticker grenade it bounces you have to land it next to the crystals to get the total AoE explosion off but I found fusion grenades to be the most reliable when it came to fracking brewing flames times three so that's pretty much the bill guys nothing too complicated outside of that if you do happen to find yourself waiting on a cool-down whether it's for your melee or a grenade Telesto all on its own it's still doing good and burning Maul all on its own is a much better super in this sandbox and if you happen to get your super don't waste a Telesto shot as well as a grenade shot just simply pop your super get about three kills proc roaring flames times three in your super and will lock you've got a hammer now with roaring flames times three fresh out of your super that you can run around one-hit ko in with overall this is not game breaking to me no no some people are gonna be like whoa two less toes break in the game which Telesto does do that quite regularly but inside the PvP this is a meme loadout this is by no means breaking anything so before people jump up and say oh my god we've got a nerf these bastards just know that even though the gameplay is reflecting some pretty funny stuff this is definitely not the most reliable way to get kills as the throwing hammer itself actually has some pretty weak travel time like no line are throwing hammer has zero to know a misis you throw that hammer at an opponent you could be tracking them perfectly if they sidestep even slightly that bastard won't Bend won't even turn a little bit like I really wish our hammer had some level of tracking have you seen the hitbox on throwing knives I'm not saying throwing knives need to be nerfed I'm just saying hey man I wish our hammer either had faster speed you can instantaneously get to the target or it had some level of tracking not great just something to slightly help it in that mid-range overall guys this was a fun build I don't have a name for it it's great for me man for my people out there they like to be creative inside of crucible especially considering how many heavy everything is I plant you keep it up have fun keep it fresh out there guys it's important to do that fellas and ladies thank you all for coming and watching and as always it's not that like button like your momma taught you right [Music]


so recently I've designed a few little lifting body aircrafts in my CAD program and then 3d printed them and in this video we're gonna see if these things will actually fly before we get started I'd like to thank Ray the shadow legends for sponsoring this video it's a new ultra immersive smartphone game that will definitely have you at the edge of your seat check it out through the link in the description so now let's get started with some awesome lifting body and blended wing aircraft tests today we've got these two 3d printed prototype little drop gliders to test out and these ones were both just kind of test prints so they're probably gonna smash into the ground and blow up and break but that doesn't really matter because they're both just kind of garbage anyways so this first one is one that I designed probably a few months ago actually it's just like a delta glider eventually it'll have a flight controller in here with an fpv camera in the front and some servos back here 3d printing wings like this is really just amazing what you can do this one here is a lifting body basically meaning that it gets lift from the fuselage and not necessarily any wings eventually there will be servos in here that are just direct ly connected to little control surfaces but for trim purposes I put these little pieces of bendable plastic on there so that I can adjust the trim but plenty of room for tons of electronics in there a little fpv camera will go on the front but yeah the whole point of dropping these without any electronics is just to kind of get one more data point in guessing and checking where the center of gravity should go this one also has some slots on the bottom that I think might help with yost ability kind of like vertical stabilizers but these don't increase the cross-sectional area looking at it from the side so I don't really know if they'll help but it's a good test kind of fun to play around with these lifting bodies were experimented with back in that's 50s or 60s or 70s I don't know when but they were considering using them to get astronauts down from space and people flew in these like wingless aircraft they were dropped from high altitudes and they landed fine I flew really well actually so so we've got the trusty Alta 8 over here and we are going to drop them the draw mechanism is this simple servo that sticks a push rod through a hole in a piece of wood dropping in 3 2 1 there it goes Wow it flies amazing [Music] [Applause] oh wow that worked so now let's try this guy I wouldn't be surprised if it smashes into the ground but three two one [Applause] it's tail-heavy Oh so there's actually very little damage yeah I could definitely try it again the oh it is kind of cracked in half I'll put some more weight in the front and get the CG a little further forward [Music] Oh hole explosion it definitely looked a little better when it was falling on that one look at that infill so weird so after that uncontrolled glide test I installed servos a flight controller running einav and an fpv camera and transmitter I did seven test flights each on a different day with a different version of the aircraft so that goes to show that I spent way too much time on this project but anyways the first few flights were either tail heavier over tuned the tail heavy flights were just uncontrollable and the over tuned flights had oscillation I had one somewhat controlled flight but that didn't go very well because I started from too low to really get the chance to steer it around [Music] once I started being able to somewhat consistently control it immediately after release the vehicle started randomly going into flat spins that were impossible to get out of some of them really do look so random that it kind of seems like the servo suddenly glitched or something like that but I do think it's really just aerodynamically stalling and going into a spin I think larger vertical stabilizers would help with the flatspin issue but I never got the chance to try it out so after that I made some design modifications to hopefully help the seventh and final test flight turned out to be somewhat successful spring has sprung what a beautiful day and this time we've got this version and they're slowly kind of evolving further away from an actual lifting body but I added some little stubby wings and an extra set of tail fins to this one and now it's kind of starting to look like a futuristic science fiction spaceship or something like that so hopefully the extra little tail fins and wings give it enough additional stability to prevent it from going into a spin this time I also made these grooves a little bit bigger on the bottom I realized that it was a mistake to print in green since the grass is green and that'll make it really hard to find so that's why I gave it a blast of gold spray paint I didn't flare and land softly like I was initially hoping to do but I did have a little bit of control over the aircraft all the way down to the ground and it did prove that the thing does fly not well by any means but a flew [Music] [Applause] so I don't know if this is technically a lifting body now that it has these stubby little wings but it sure didn't get all the lift to do what you just saw it do from these stubby little wings alone I can tell you that much so there's definitely some lifting body effect going on here so I'd say it's safe to call it a lifting body now as I've learned here from these series of tests lifting bodies are not easy to make fly especially to make Glide the lifting bodies that NASA were building were more successful because for one they put a lot more time and effort into tuning their control systems and I'm sure this is easier to make work at larger scale because of the inherent stability of larger aircraft but still these vehicles are naturally very aerodynamically unstable and a lot of those real lifting body aircraft that were made in the past were actively stabilized and they would have not been able to fly it without the active stabilization systems so this is definitely a challenging project this project has also been quite resource intensive for PLA filament another reason this thing stalls so easily is that it's a tiny plane that weighs a lot I think one of the versions weighed 1.7 pounds which is a super-high wing loading there's something really cool about a high wing loading aircraft doing a nice flare right before landing so I had one decent flight I'm gonna call it at that I still really didn't get the chance to do what I initially wanted to do and that's come out of a dive and then flare up for totally horizontal flight before landing I had the idea of kind of pulling in the community to help with this project so if anyone out there wants to design a lifting body type shuttle kind of aircraft I would definitely print it and fly it if the design excites me enough I think it'd be cool to make something that's kind of like a mix between this and the blended wing aircraft at the beginning and just load it up with a ton of weight so that it has to fly super fast but anyways if anyone's actually interested in something like this I'll post some more details in the description now another word about the sponsor of this video I don't play many video games but when I do I'm sure to play raid Shadow Legends it's the most immersive RPG online phone based game of the year forget everything you think you know about games because one of the most ambitious RPG projects of 2019 and just been released and it's gonna change everything introducing raid Shadow legends playing raid is the most immersive experience of flight on smartphones and it can really only be compared to the biggest PC and console titles the game is totally free it has all the features you'd expect from a brand new RPG pipe amazing storyline awesome 3d graphics giant boss fights PvP battles and hundreds of champions to collect and customer I never expected to get this level of 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