I
have
to
take
this
whole
thing
off
I
just
went
installed
the
pilot
bearing
right
in
there
it's
definitely
a
stay
in
there
[Music]
you
can
compare
this
to
this
one
right
here
[Music]
they're
both
pretty
light
to
be
honest
there
they
are
both
pretty
light
but
this
one
was
something
I
really
like
about
this
one
is
that
it's
not
put
on
like
this
a
couple
people
messaged
me
saying
that
they
were
concerned
about
this
piece
I'm
sure
it'll
work
for
normal
vehicles
all
day
long
but
this
is
one
piece
of
really
ripoff
just
have
hub
centric
and
fits
on
there
perfectly
is
wild-looking
their
people's
some
sort
of
Loctite
just
around
it
I'm
partnering
today
with
the
company
I
actually
used
long
before
they
ever
reached
out
to
me
it's
completely
a
coincidence
and
that's
what's
really
neat
is
there's
a
company
called
keeps
I'm
not
a
vain
person
but
if
I
can
keep
this
as
long
as
possible
that
is
my
dream
I'm
a
weird
lumpy
shaped
head
I
don't
want
people
seeing
that
well
it
is
true
that
two
out
of
every
three
guys
will
experience
hair
loss
by
the
time
they're
my
age
35
there
are
some
ways
to
speed
that
up
and
the
stress
of
a
project
like
this
certainly
isn't
helping
that's
why
I
was
focused
on
preventing
hair
loss
myself
again
I
did
all
the
research
this
is
not
part
of
the
sponsored
ad
this
is
genuinely
my
personal
opinion
speaking
freely
I
went
and
did
the
research
and
found
there
were
multiple
solutions
that
keeps
offers
I've
been
using
their
products
for
about
two
years
it's
very
reasonable
I
didn't
have
a
social-media
influencer
telling
me
to
check
this
out
so
you
guys
are
a
step
ahead
of
me
there
I
went
and
did
it
without
any
knowledge
of
what
it
was
all
about
what
what
it
would
take
to
do
it
and
even
in
that
experience
it
was
very
straightforward
I
understood
what
I
was
getting
myself
into
it
and
I
absolutely
loved
it
and
while
it's
kind
of
hard
to
see
right
now
cuz
my
hair's
greasy
from
sleeping
last
night
it's
still
much
thicker
hair
and
I'm
very
happy
with
the
lack
of
hair
loss
since
then
if
you
guys
are
interested
in
learning
about
it
more
there's
a
link
keeps
drop
down
I
would
definitely
check
it
out
not
only
that
you
guys
get
a
bonus
that
I
didn't
is
that
there's
50%
off
your
first
order
and
it's
already
honestly
very
reasonable
keeps
help
partner
with
me
to
make
this
vehicle
even
remotely
possible
and
I
get
to
keep
the
hair
that
I'm
pulling
out
while
stressing
out
about
it
as
well
continue
enjoying
the
rest
of
the
video
but
I
just
wanted
to
share
that
with
you
guys
I've
hold
this
whole
thing
back
and
all
the
bolts
went
in
easily
and
now
getting
it
back
to
being
hub
centric
is
a
little
interesting
they're
close
oh
yeah
we're
getting
technical
on
this
one
I'm
gonna
torque
this
well
45
foot-pounds
of
torque
40
five
doing
things
right
for
once
again
there
we
go
that
flywheel
is
torque
to
spec
that
flywheel
is
not
going
anywhere
other
than
a
circle
right
one
of
the
greatest
things
ever
and
the
clutch
got
lost
X
clutch
went
and
built
me
a
second
one
they
had
to
make
some
changes
so
the
fly
ball
wasn't
nearly
as
light
as
that
one
we
can
utilize
some
of
the
things
that
came
with
it
to
make
this
one
work
even
better
this
is
the
one
that
DHL
delivered
and
the
DHL
guy
actually
went
to
drop
it
off
at
the
front
we
were
in
the
back
here
and
he
walked
around
and
delivered
it
just
to
us
in
the
back
it
was
a
quite
the
service
and
it
be
the
car
guy
so
he
got
to
see
everything
as
it
is
right
now
I'm
gonna
bring
this
one
to
SEMA
so
you
guys
can
see
the
infamous
clutch
and
all
of
its
glory
oh
and
I
and
a
box
a
third
box
these
are
the
things
we
got
last
time
here's
what
I
was
looking
for
since
the
other
one
got
damaged
in
shipping
I
won't
exactly
blame
UPS
for
that
I
kind
of
put
that
it's
not
really
this
set
up
is
a
lot
cleaner
and
everything
separated
better
that
is
in
excellent
shape
and
we
can
use
this
not
just
to
align
it
but
to
install
the
whole
clutch
I'm
pretty
sure
a
lot
of
you
that
follow
me
this
is
heaven
this
is
a
double
heaven
there
we
are
man
those
guys
did
not
mess
around
getting
us
this
ASAP
this
is
beautiful
let's
take
a
look
at
the
flywheel
differences
you
can
see
the
difference
when
the
material
was
taken
out
it's
not
that
much
heavier
you
mean
it
is
distinctly
heavier
but
not
that
much
though
I'm
putting
this
on
display
at
the
show
I
wish
I
caught
this
exchange
between
Isaiah
and
I
on
camera
but
I'm
trying
to
save
battery
these
are
our
two
options
for
mounting
fluid
for
both
brakes
and
clutch
this
one's
meant
to
thread
on
the
inside
and
this
one
plops
on
the
outside
this
one
comes
with
a
kit
to
be
able
to
remote
mount
it
here's
our
problem
it's
a
problem
that
sounds
so
bad
I've
known
that
about
this
since
we've
had
this
in
a
year
ago
we
just
knew
that
we
would
have
to
do
some
crazy
[ __ ]
one
thing
is
that
we
could
cut
up
into
here
more
we
don't
have
windshield
wipers
it
doesn't
matter
hexxus
the
whole
setup
from
the
top
that's
one
option
another
option
is
to
remote
mount
these
where
I
don't
even
know
Isaiah
does
but
we're
not
gonna
tell
you
guys
it'll
be
a
secret
let
me
ask
the
audience
quick
audience
poll
and
I'm
gonna
use
your
answers
guys
to
do
what
we're
about
to
do
which
one
would
you
choose
the
plastic
one
or
the
billet
one
oh
you've
got
another
billet
one
that's
crazy
what
the
hell
okay
yeah
guys
this
video
is
interactive
and
we
tallied
all
your
votes
through
your
mind
and
thank
you
for
choosing
billet
so
there
is
a
formal
process
to
this
but
I
really
wanted
to
see
if
I
could
get
lucky
put
this
whole
thing
on
there
at
once
one
disk
you
want
to
make
my
life
easy
no
I
hit
this
with
a
degreaser
first
since
I
touched
it
so
much
in
that
last
video
we're
just
gonna
hang
it
from
the
alignment
tool
then
we're
gonna
take
just
three
flywheel
side
see
if
he
wants
some
action
in
this
guy
off
the
GoPro
battery
just
died
but
my
spirits
have
finished
this
hasn't
we've
got
all
four
plates
on
there
kind
of
funny
one
of
them
doesn't
line
up
exactly
it's
not
a
big
deal
doesn't
really
matter
I
just
wanted
to
be
OCD
all
the
pieces
that
go
in
between
just
hang
off
I'm
stuck
with
it
now
the
Buc
plug
now
I'm
gonna
go
ahead
and
put
the
outer
plate
on
that
gives
all
of
these
their
home
that
was
surprisingly
way
less
work
than
I
thought
it
would
be
all
I
did
was
scooped
up
each
plate
and
then
just
kept
moving
forward
down
the
line
I'm
two
bolts
in
now
I'm
gonna
slowly
put
it
into
a
place
where
I
can
pull
this
out
and
the
discs
won't
fall
they
are
all
gently
tightened
on
there
so
I
could
pull
the
butt
plug
and
nothing
would
happen
nothing
better
happened
there
you
go
thankfully
that
worked
on
camera
that
was
truly
just
a
tad
you
guys
don't
understand
how
tight
this
is
and
I'm
not
even
trying
to
make
a
joke
about
that
it
just
really
is
well
placed
which
me
it
is
much
easier
to
fit
the
transmission
in
than
that
so
this
is
level
this
is
clamped
down
you
can
see
there's
some
space
that's
the
most
space
that
if
I
go
to
torque
it
down
it's
definitely
not
moving
now
that
Isaiah's
got
the
carrier
bearing
for
the
front
drive
shaft
tacked
into
place
I
can
ultimately
take
all
this
back
take
it
all
down
so
I
can
get
my
bell
housing
and
then
put
the
slave
cylinder
or
whatever
gonna
call
it
the
hydraulic
bearing
in
and
line
it
up
and
get
it
mounted
something
that's
really
important
about
this
that
I
didn't
realize
is
that
as
the
clutch
wears
as
these
gets
smaller
these
teeth
will
come
out
further
if
you're
gonna
build
a
custom
setup
you
want
to
make
sure
that
you
have
about
four
millimeters
away
from
where
they
are
now
you
know
a
full
brand
new
clutch
when
you
go
to
place
your
hydraulic
bearing
that
way
as
the
clutch
wears
now
you're
not
destroying
anything
that
Tilton
unit
is
actually
self
adjusting
so
it'll
always
get
close
enough
but
not
engage
this
use
my
trusty
torque
wrench
I
set
this
to
about
twenty
six
foot-pounds
of
torque
what
you
saw
before
is
what
this
thing
will
look
like
if
I've
completely
used
all
the
material
because
that
was
will
shrink
that
was
teeth
will
come
out
and
relax
before
I
went
to
the
steel
bell
housing
I
wanted
to
show
you
this
this
is
a
turbo
to
bell
housing
thankfully
I
was
able
to
get
it
just
in
case
stuff
went
really
bad
the
behind
the
pivot
thing
right
in
the
center
of
the
shot
is
where
the
hydraulic
bearing
would
be
and
you
can
see
the
clutch
is
deep
in
there
look
at
the
clutch
teeth
to
the
face
of
the
bell
housing
over
here
you
can
see
that
Tilton
unit
was
meant
to
be
for
this
setup
it
worked
perfectly
they
have
this
so
you
can
see
the
spacing
between
them
as
the
steel
one
is
completely
solid
so
you
wouldn't
be
able
to
see
any
of
this
one
of
the
things
I'm
gonna
have
to
do
is
bore
out
a
hole
over
here
and
on
the
top
for
the
hydraulic
bearing
both
for
the
feed
line
and
for
the
ability
to
bleed
it
if
the
damn
GoPro
didn't
dead
this
wouldn't
seem
like
such
a
talking
thing
cuz
I'm
doing
things
and
then
recording
in
between
so
I
couldn't
sit
still
I
took
that
and
the
studs
out
of
that
bell
housing
and
of
course
had
to
put
the
slave
cylinder
in
and
you
can
see
that's
the
real
deal
there
there's
the
end
of
the
hydraulic
bearing
not
touching
just
resting
on
those
teeth
and
then
on
the
back
side
resting
close
to
the
back
of
the
bell
housing
if
this
was
a
bell
housing
I
wasn't
gonna
use
I
just
machine
that
surface
flat
and
then
mount
those
two
bolts
thread
them
somewhere
they
don't
fit
the
stock
bolt
pattern
at
all
they're
on
their
own
they're
on
their
own
game
but
of
course
that
would
give
you
a
chance
to
mount
them
better
I
didn't
expect
this
evening
to
give
you
this
sort
of
real
shot
of
how
this
is
all
put
together
in
the
pursuit
of
getting
things
right
we're
gonna
take
this
seat
which
is
one
of
my
to
three
rotor
seats
the
replica
of
a
Carrera
GT
seat
and
we're
gonna
notch
this
part
obviously
the
seats
already
not
certified
for
anything
safety
related
well
we're
gonna
really
make
sure
it's
not
we're
gonna
notch
this
area
because
the
tubes
right
there
bringing
the
seat
lower
and
ultimately
getting
it
in
the
right
spot
let's
see
if
that
helps
us
with
this
and
if
you're
noticing
there's
a
new
car
in
the
garage
no
I'm
not
one
of
those
youtubers
that
goes
and
buys
tons
of
random
cars
this
car
is
the
reason
that
the
four-rotor
is
even
remotely
possible
many
of
you
may
recognize
it
Carl
Thompson
Fatboy
drift
asked
me
to
store
his
car
while
he
comes
over
to
the
United
States
and
stirs
things
up
out
here
that
is
a
nasty
looking
car
that
car
and
that
motor
used
to
be
in
the
same
garage
together
out
in
New
Zealand
it
almost
looks
like
I'm
a
drifter
cuz
I'm
also
storing
all
this
tires
mark
got
that
whole
fuel
cell
mounted
into
here
but
then
gonna
put
the
fuel
filter
and
the
controllers
all
back
there
that's
that's
temporary
that's
not
the
end
goal
the
whole
front
bumper
is
gone
because
that
is
just
a
beautiful
setup
so
I'm
very
happy
with
how
that
turned
out
Oh
yep
and
on
top
of
all
of
it
if
we
haven't
made
it
clear
that
Isaiah's
weld
table
and
again
weld
table
com
Isaiah
put
in
an
order
with
them
for
way
too
many
clamps
i'ma
show
ya
they
were
being
used
Isaiah's
like
a
very
high-priced
prostitute
where
she
wants
she
wants
20
different
pair
of
red
shoes
or
at
least
red
bottoms
this
is
something
easy
and
I
worked
over
heavily
it's
just
this
s
waterfall
shape
well
we
had
some
limitations
this
is
just
helping
keep
things
streamlined
and
providing
that
to
parts
of
structural
rigidity
we're
going
to
start
worrying
about
the
rest
of
the
tubing
for
around
the
headlights
that's
that's
next
but
what
we're
actually
gonna
do
is
get
ready
to
put
the
good
engine
in
Mark's
working
on
the
seats
won't
reduce
mark
further
in
a
second
working
everything
over
all
at
once
to
see
these
random
ass
pieces
of
aluminum
and
steel
and
carbon
all
come
together
to
turn
into
an
actual
vehicle
is
probably
one
of
the
weirdest
feelings
in
the
world
I
have
dreamed
about
it
dreamed
about
and
dreamed
about
and
here
we
are
where
all
of
these
things
that
I'm
finally
bolting
up
the
first
time
can
propel
a
vehicle
forward
if
you
think
of
a
normal
card
so
what
else
did
all
that
work
you
just
replace
it
you
repair
it
you
fix
it
you
upgrade
it
a
little


dear friends and followers welcome back to my channel today's video will answer a classic question regarding this departure clearance sea life I hope to have you quit the brothel affinity one departure Canarsie chronograph is ready Senate file fork 173 six what is a squall code and what is a good four so let's get started this video is sponsored by audible go to www.calculated.com/support alert and collision avoidance system I mentioned the air planes transponder a couple of times we're first gonna have to look at the transponder in order to cover the topic about the squawk code later in this video so this is what a mode C transponder looks like of the Airbus a320 family I'll come back to the different modes in a minute now if you take a closer look at the word transponder you can see it's made up out of two words describing its purpose a transponder transmits radio signals and responds to radio signals so the transponders primary purpose is to pick up radio waves sent out by the secondary radar antenna and then replies by transmitting radio waves back to the antenna more or less telling the antenna I'm here the transmitted signal is then converted into a blip indication or a ping which gets displayed on the ATC controller's radar screen by the way the upper rotary antenna you see on most airport owls that's the secondary radar antenna all nice to know you might say but what's that got to do with the squawk code now as you get your eye far departure clearance the ATC controller will give you a pre assigned for a decimal code after acknowledging the clearance you use the little numbered keyboard on your transponder to enter the given code and depending on your airline or airport procedure you set the transponder to the auto position meaning your transponder is set and ready to transmit the code and that code you've just set is the so called squawk code so as you take off and the transponder comes fully active you turn up on the ATC controllers radar screen but it won't be just a blip indicating your airplane is in the air it will also show the four-digit squawk code your current altitude plus your callsign as you are now under ADA control the ATC controller can also look up your flight plan so he knows where you're flying to the amount of passengers crew and fuel you have on board and much more now depending on the airplane size and manufacture the transponder can come in different modes for instance little Cessna or smaller aircraft within the general aviation category though necessarily need a transponder which transmit the airplanes altitude therefore a mode alpha transponder will do the job meaning it will only transmit the airplanes position and score code but be aware the places where you can fly without an altitude reporting transponder are becoming less and less so to be on the safer side your plane has to have a mode charlie transponder which transmits the plane's position and its barometric altitude and squawk code obviously they are a little bit more expensive but the ATC controllers and other pilots Bennett from your investment and adding a ticker system to it you'll feel a whole lot safer when flying around on weekends where the airspace is packed with weekend warriors and has just shown before a mode Sierra transponder which is above all other transponder modes and can also be useful data link messaging but again that's a whole nother video but please be aware there are many rules and regulations which apply when it comes to having the right transponder for the right airplane that handing on a suede which airspace it's flying in and in country you're flying across trust me it is not that simple to give you an idea commercial airliners and private jets for example have to be fitted with a mode ciara transponder in order to comply with our vs and regulations reduced vertical separation minimum and to work in cooperation with the t'car system again another whole video about the obvious M right there today's airliners very often have a transponder and a tea cast as one unit within the cockpit which is then interconnected with various computers and systems to display the intruders on the navigation display and to give the respective aural warnings now during a flight training you're most certainly going to come across this clearance by ATC so what's all this now let's imagine you have been flying in IFR weather but the weather has improved and you're ready to cancel your I for flight plan and you want to continue visually to your destination now after canceling your IFR flight the ATC control is letting you know that the radar service is terminated you are then no longer on his watch and have to navigate by yourself but he wants you to change your squawk code to VFR and that's a preset code now for my aviators from the US that squall code is one two zero zero and the equivalent for my European fliers is 7000 so as soon as you change your transponder dials to the VFR squawk code you'll still be visible on his radar screen but you can't expect any service from him as he also said frequency change approved meaning you can switch over to flight information service in case you need any help with traffic information or issues like which runways active at your destination but there are three preset codes which are known worldwide which definitely get the ATC controllers attention once you dial them in I'll give you a rhyme to memorize them a little easier these are commonly asked in your theory exams if your plane gets hijacked by terrorists or people with similar interests you would squawk 7500 that will cause for numerous alerts down at the ATC office which will lead to further actions which I'm not going to mention right here but the easiest way of memorizing this code is 7/5 man with a knife the next one also not very pleasant in case you have lost all radio communications the only way of letting the Raider control and know you can't hear him to follow his orders you dial in squawk code seven six zero zero as soon as ATC notifies your sport code indicating loss of communications they will inform all third ATC controllers on your route like the airport tower for instance who will give you your landing clearance via light signals no kidding so to memorize this once a seven six I need my radio fixed the third and last of these famous three is seven seven zero zero indicating that you have an emergency of some sort requesting immediate attention and assistance by ATC so ATC will immediately try to help you by giving you directions towards your nearest airfield and much more so to memorize this one by saying seven seven I'm falling from heaven I hope you enjoyed this video about the squirrel code I'll make a follow-up video about all the different switches and buttons on the transponder very soon thank you very much for your time don't forget to perform a touch-and-go at my Instagram account and don't forget to hit the subscribe button plus the notification bells so I'll see you next week all the best your captain Joe please click on to do you audible linked in the video description below so you won't miss out this great opportunity on getting an exclusive 30-day free trial with audible they are the leading provider of premium spoken audio books and other audio products I've been an audible use of quite some time now and I am amazed at the huge variety of audiobooks which you can easily download onto your smartphone iPad or other mobile devices I use it the preceding flights or driving to work and I've recently downloaded this great audio book about Concorde the rise and fall of the supersonic jet airliner to prepare myself for the upcoming video series about the outstanding airplane and there is no better way than having someone read out a book for you as you listen and write down some notes and thanks to all you will I got this book for free using my 30-day free trial so make sure to check it out because there's always something new you can read listen and


hey guys so in today's video I'm doing a Copic speedpaint and for this one I wanted to focus on a specific type of light source because I watched this Skillshare video about different light sources and I wanted to try one of them today's video is actually sponsored by Skillshare so thank you so much Skillshare for your ongoing support of my channel it's now 2020 it's a new year a new decade people are making new goals new resolutions and I'm sure a lot of you have some goals related to art maybe you just need to brush up on some skills or you want to learn something completely new you can learn about anatomy designing characters lighting in color which is what I did for this video Skillshare is an online learning community that can help you with that not only are there videos to help you learn and discover something new but there are projects there are discussions it truly is a community my favorite thing to do is just explore the site and see what I can discover because I don't even know what I want half the time until I find it we all have busy lives so one thing I like about it is that the videos are broken down into smaller videos so you can very easily jump around to the topics you want to learn about or you can stop halfway through and come back later so I came across this class by Gabriel Brickey called painting light and shadow the basics for portraits and characters and holy smokes this is probably my favorite skill start video I've seen to date it was so insanely helpful I was taking notes the whole time she covers light and shadow like it says here and I got so inspired seeing this there's so many different types of light sources I want to try now and that's what inspired this art because I saw a specific light source and I thought I want to try to do that if you don't normally check out the classes I recommend this is one you absolutely must see not only did I watch the entire thing but I know I'm gonna be going back to rewatch certain sections there's just so much good info if you're thinking about joining Skillshare it's extremely affordable their annual plan runs you less than $10 a month so it's much cheaper than other types of classes and workshops out there and that's for unlimited access to all their videos also if you join by clicking the link in the video description you will get your first two months of premium membership for free so get out there explore your creativity learn something new so as you saw at the beginning of the video I was sketching in my sketchbook you will get a tour of that one in about a month from now I just kind of want to beef it up a little bit more because I haven't had a whole lot of time to sketch the last few months but now I have some dedicated sketching time earlier in the day and it's it's much better than leaving it to the evenings as a maybe so anyway I was sketching during a livestream that's why you see my face in the corner of the video so sorry about that once we get to the lineart stage it goes away but I was just planning out what the heck I was gonna do it did some warmups and then I was testing out different ideas because initially I drew a person was very rough a person holding a shawl or something behind them because I saw something similar in that Skillshare video but then I decided I wanted it more close-up on the face and then I was drawing this girl kissing a cat and I really liked it but also not really what I want for this I had to keep reminding myself that I wanted something that would work well for the lighting I had in mind because this is sort of like a practice for me so I wanted to keep it simple in a way and yeah pretty much I just had very strict requirements in my head but I didn't know initially what those requirements were but I figured it out and I decided to go with this pose here which is a little foreshortened you're seeing her from a top-down sort of view and she's looking up her hair is blown in the wind yeah and I knew I knew I was gonna end up liking a thumbnail and then blowing that up larger and using it as the base for a sketch which is why I was recording this live stream I knew I was like you know eventually I'm gonna find something I like but then I'm gonna be mad that I didn't record it so that is why I just straight-up used the live stream footage so yeah I scanned that sketchbook spread blew up the image in Photoshop made the background white and then printed it out and use that as the base for the sketch and then I transferred it on to my card stock using my lightbox and for the line art I'm using some prismacolor pencils and I'm using yellow and then a warm brown technically it's Tuscan red I was trying to really think ahead with this and really plan out the colors the light that sort of thing which is why I did a lot of sketching there's stuff you didn't even see like the very very initial planning is not even in this video but you'll see it in the sketchbook tour but yeah cuz with copics they're not opaque so you can build colors to be darker and darker but if you get too dark there's not a whole lot you can do to lift the color and so I thought you know what I need to make sure I know what I'm doing ahead of time although a tip if you do need to lighten some colors you can use stuff like gouache acrylic paint pens stuff like that that can sort of be last-minute help especially if you want to just add some little details at the end or some flyaways on the hair but there's already a background stuff like that but yeah I just I really wanted to make sure I knew what I was doing before diving into this which is why the line art is half Tuscan red half yellow it looks really weird when it's not colored but it makes much more sense when it is colored this is why it's good to have photo reference for the lighting because sometimes I'll use it for the anatomy sometimes for a pose but I never really look up reference photos for the light source like this for this one I didn't have a specific reference photo but I did have one in mind from this Skillshare video that I watched I'll actually insert a screenshot that's the one I kept in mind while I was working on this so she's being backlit from the Sun so she's facing away from the Sun the yellow shining through her hair but also the part of her face that's not facing the Sun yes it's in shadow but not an extreme shadow because she's still being lit by the area around her like the lights bouncing off the clouds and then down onto her face and that's causing blue highlights and then the shadows are a warmer color so I did a sort of an orangey peachy tone for the shadows so those are my requirements the yellow in the back then the blue highlights and orange shadows at least for the skin that's where it was more pronounced for this one something I picked up from that video was that when you do have a cooler light source the shadows tend to be warmer and I don't know why that's just never clicked with me in the past because I always think okay shadows are cooler than the rest of the coloring and I never thought it could be the reverse it's one of those things you just you never observed it yourself and you were never told that in any kind of lesson so when I saw that I was like what wait what I feel like this is something I should have known by now so it just clicked but also I felt like an idiot so this drawing is sort of an experiment testing that out although not every drawing needs to have a crazy lighting situation it really this does not even that crazy the effect is actually quite subtle especially with the blues and stuff but you know I dropped pretty cartoony so it's not always gonna have something super interesting for lighting but it's really fun to try this out I don't know why that video just got me so excited about it I'm just thinking of all the possibilities I have this book by James gurney about color and light and I've read it but it's one been a long time and - I never really sat down and tried to purposely put that stuff into practice so I'm just I'm just thinking of the possibilities I want to bust that book out and try something else new - for another piece of art so yeah it's it's pretty exciting because I've I felt a little bit limited with copics but you can get amazing effects as long as you know what you're doing ahead of time so one thing I did wrong but I fixed later after completely finishing the artwork is the hair when it's whoop sup towards her part I didn't make it follow the line of the hair like it doesn't swoop along with the hair like the part of the hair that swoops over her eyebrow I almost treated it like that was where her hair was coming from like this the lines in her hair all converge there and I'm like why they should have swooped upwards towards her part so I don't know why I did that maybe because my paper was turned because I turned it because the vertical lines are much more easier than horizontal lines but yeah I fixed it later I didn't even notice I did that until I was editing this video and so I had to bust out the art again and fix it up so you won't see that fix here in this video but it'll be fixed if you get a print or something initially I was gonna have flowers throughout her hair kind of Rapunzel's style where Rapunzel has flowers in her braids I was even gonna include some skinny braids in her hair but I decided against it I just wanted it more free-flowing and when I sketching some flowers it looks kind of weird because I also have petals floating around her and so it looked like the flowers were just also floating around her like yes there would be shadows where would connect to the hair that sort of thing or the hair pieces could be overlapping the flowers but it would still look like they're floating around and just touching her he was a little confusing so I decided to just eliminate that and instead have a couple petals that overlap with her hair and leave it at that although she does have the one flower tucked behind her ear but that's it I'm actually really happy with how the hair turned out because it's not just simple rim lighting like I've done in the past if a character is backlit it's like oh just a yellow outline on the edge of the hair but this has the light shining through the hair which makes it just look so vibrant I love the look and initially when I was planning this I was gonna do some color in the background it was gonna be yellow by her hair and then more like blue on the opposite side but I ended up leaving it white because it looks so good like that it just gave it that glow that it needed like there is this super intense bright light around her and behind her this art kind of gives me old-school Bailey art vibes I don't know if it's because the level of detail and the hair is more similar to how I used to do it I mean it kind of changes from art art sometimes I do more simple hair shooting other times I'd make it more strand II like this but I think also color wise it's reminding me of this drawing I did I think that video was back on the dead Kitty's head Channel but it was that girl leading backwards and there are these little things shooting through her in the blood splatter that's what that makes me think of but maybe because the colors because the pink and brown but also the hair kind of flowing I don't know and it also kind of makes me think of this drawing I did way back in the day when I had I say it like that's even further back it's not back when I did the patreon videos I did this girl with purple hair and this also reminds me of that for some reason I don't know why it's not that similar but me yeah it gives me old-school Bailey vibes in a good way I like it I really like how this art turned out I think that's all I have to say about this so I'm just gonna leave you guys with some music for the rest of this and I just want to remind you about Skillshare offer to get your first two months for free link is down below thank you guys so much for watching and I'll see you in my next video [Music] you [Music] you


what
the
heck
[Music]
what
is
it
ma
approaches
a
new
boost
is
upon
us
for
that
is
also
shocked
[ __ ]
don't
shrug
it
was
so
good
ask
you
well
the
topless
VCR
civil
civil
you
know
I
was
more
virtual
in
New
York
a
person
suit
who
VC
passenger
on
walkie-talkie
some
event
boost
air
when
you
would
you
be
miss
I'm
gonna
try
to
arrest
you
wait
wait
and
the
we
go
grant
do
I
need
the
door
with
my
open
the
door
then
[Laughter]
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
you
know
he
he
knows
come
up
a
run
it
run
it
run
it
run
it
maybe
yeah
[Laughter]
now
the
opposition
smokes
[Music]
great
round
Eric
great
round
go
me
alright
yeah
okay
like
just
give
me
a
break
Buddha
telefono
Paris
Maccabees
of
Ayana
Pharma
Paris
no
Bria
[Laughter]
continues
legitimate
garbage
right
start
walking
yeah
he
might
be
out
to
your
left
if
he's
not
it's
perfect
let's
go
Mitch
sandwiches
Oh
Mitch
Oh
T
back
all
of
them
every
single
one
that's
on
that
site
t
Bagram
I
have
a
flash
as
well
sweet
sweet
that
one
main
guy
assist
the
other
guy
lost
his
heaven
the
world
over
alright
the
pfennig
literally
the
new
guarding
on
this
hey
guys
thanks
for
watching
till
the
end
this
week
I'm
giving
away
the
skin
shown
on
screen
if
you
would
like
to
enter
my
giveaway
all
you
have
to
do
is
drop
a
like
on
this
video
leave
a
nice
comment
subscribe
and
turn
post
notifications
on
if
you
comment
on
more
videos
you
will
have
a
higher
chance
of
winning
I'll
reveal
the
winner
in
next
week's
video
as
well
as
on
Twitter
good
luck
have
fun
guys
and
I'll
see
you
next


ah
still
better
than
50
shades
of
grey
[Music]
hello
my
beautiful
watches
and
welcome
to
an
episode
that
seemed
like
a
good
idea
at
the
time
okay
for
the
dozen
or
so
people
who
don't
know
the
Amish
I
particularly
devout
offshoot
of
American
Christians
mostly
the
descendants
of
German
speaking
Swiss
colonists
their
interpretation
of
the
Bible
tends
to
favor
a
pretty
heavy
adherence
to
humility
and
simplicity
so
as
a
results
they
intentionally
limit
the
technology
they
use
in
day-to-day
life
mostly
working
in
farming
communities
living
in
homes
without
electricity
and
using
horse
buggies
as
their
primary
mode
of
transport
they're
also
famous
for
adhering
to
a
pretty
strict
old-fashioned
dress
code
and
are
stereotyped
for
being
fanatically
hard
workers
when
it
comes
to
manual
labor
because
of
this
rather
extreme
and
hard
to
relate
to
choice
of
lifestyle
they
tend
to
be
the
subject
of
ridicule
when
depicted
in
American
pop
culture
this
description
only
really
applies
to
what's
known
as
the
old
Amish
there's
dozens
of
other
offshoots
of
the
Amish
faith
who
lead
radically
different
lives
but
the
book
I'm
about
to
discuss
pretty
much
exclusively
concerns
the
old
Amish
so
assume
that's
who
I'm
talking
about
when
I
say
Amish
my
first
reaction
when
I
discovered
that
our
Mashiro
mansoor
bonnet
rippers
as
they're
humorously
nicknamed
as
a
massively
successful
sub-genre
was
something
akin
to
outright
confusion
exacerbated
no
end
when
I
also
learned
that
they
sell
really
well
in
audiobook
form
I
mean
who
the
hell
is
listening
to
them
the
Amish
certainly
aren't
following
the
unique
link
audible.com
would
slash
lead
on
to
get
a
free
audiobook
and
two
free
audible
originals
with
their
20
day
free
trial
but
I
quickly
discovered
that
the
actual
Amish
have
literally
nothing
to
do
with
Amish
romance
novels
and
in
fact
find
the
fetishization
of
their
lifestyles
and
love
lives
baffling
and
insulting
no
the
Amish
romance
sub-genre
is
entirely
created
by
and
for
non
Amish
evangelical
Christians
who
want
to
read
about
a
romance
that's
exotic
to
them
but
still
100%
Christian
and
American
so
it
doesn't
challenge
their
beliefs
in
any
way
and
apparently
the
Amish
fill
that
niche
the
particular
audiobook
I
listen
to
is
called
an
Amish
harvest
it's
a
collection
of
four
short
stories
by
four
different
authors
unlike
most
Americans
the
Amish
are
apparently
bilingual
as
their
first
language
is
a
dialect
known
as
Pennsylvania
Dutch
which
is
a
bit
weird
considering
it's
actually
a
form
of
German
and
has
thing
to
do
with
the
Dutch
of
the
Netherlands
the
name
apparently
came
about
over
time
because
people
kept
mispronouncing
Deutsch
which
is
the
German
word
for
German
the
reason
I
mention
it
is
because
a
lot
of
woods
in
this
book
are
switched
out
with
this
other
language
Kiner
instead
of
kids
flour
instead
of
wife
vada
instead
of
father
if
what
I
just
said
sounds
weirdly
familiar
to
you
then
you
watch
my
latest
episode
of
lost
in
adaptation
yeah
I
didn't
expect
this
book
to
have
anything
in
common
with
a
Clockwork
Orange
either
but
here
we
are
the
amish
allegedly
referred
to
the
rest
of
america
as
the
english
because
of
this
language
difference
so
if
you've
ever
seen
a
parody
of
an
Amish
person
saying
pardon
me
English
then
they're
basically
saying
hello
not
Amish
person
anyway
that's
probably
enough
introduction
let's
get
down
to
the
biscuits
book
1
under
the
Harvest
Moon
by
Beth
Weisman
a
story
largely
about
recovering
from
domestic
violence
wouldn't
have
been
my
first
choice
for
the
setting
of
a
love
story
but
let's
see
where
this
goes
synopsis
a
young
Amish
woman
named
Naomi
finds
herself
abruptly
free
of
her
abusive
husband
when
he
dies
in
a
horse
and
carriage
accident
leaving
her
with
two
young
daughters
and
4
months
pregnant
its
Amish
custom
at
least
in
this
book
to
immediately
remarry
after
a
bereavement
but
Naomi
is
too
traumatized
from
the
beatings
she
received
from
her
last
husband
to
ever
truly
love
again
that
is
until
her
father
hires
a
longtime
friend
of
his
hashtag
not
all
men
good
guy
Brock
to
help
with
her
harvest
Naomi
and
hashtag
not
all
men
good
guy
Brock
hit
it
off
and
her
kids
instantly
adore
him
they
go
to
a
carnival
and
have
a
pleasant
game
night
and
at
the
end
Brock
decides
to
become
Amish
so
they
can
get
married
if
you're
feeling
charitable
there's
what
you
could
refer
to
as
a
subplot
about
an
elderly
lady
who's
possibly
a
Wiccan
scamming
Nomi
out
of
her
money
by
selling
her
overpriced
charms
that
supposedly
protect
against
miscarriages
but
her
involvement
in
the
plot
just
kind
of
fizzles
out
at
the
end
when
hashtag
not
all
men
good
guy
Brock
tells
her
to
back
off
and
she
does
I
have
to
say
I
was
impressed
with
this
particular
book
because
it
shows
a
good
understanding
of
the
non
sexual
fantasies
of
single
moms
I've
had
several
single
mother
friends
throughout
my
life
and
I
am
confident
in
saying
that
the
idea
of
meeting
a
man
that
they
like
and
their
children
instantly
approve
of
are
emotionally
ready
for
them
to
date
and
have
a
great
rapport
with
is
so
super
appealing
to
them
in
fact
the
we
Amish
girls
are
really
into
hash
tag
not
all
men
good
guy
Brock
to
an
almost
comical
level
oh
hello
there
you
must
be
Brock
yes
it's
nice
to
meet
you
[Applause]
you
should
kiss
him
and
make
up
better
I've
seen
stories
about
abuse
handled
much
worse
than
this
ranging
from
downplaying
its
damage
to
straight-up
romanticizing
it
you
know
which
books
I'm
talking
about
their
hashtag
not
all
men
good
guy
Barack
making
no
me
realize
that
she's
not
to
blame
is
a
good
thing
throughout
most
of
the
story
she's
plagued
with
the
ridiculous
notion
that
she
somehow
made
an
otherwise
really
good
man
violent
by
being
a
subpar
wife
however
I'm
not
super
keen
on
the
story
implying
that
the
love
of
the
right
person
can
heal
the
PTSD
she
very
clearly
has
because
it's
just
not
that
simple
in
real
life
and
I
can't
help
but
fear
that
in
a
small
way
it
contributes
to
the
stigma
that
pushes
people
away
from
the
decision
to
get
the
therapy
they
so
desperately
need
I
know
that
in
this
particular
case
it's
virtually
impossible
for
Naomi
I
mean
even
if
Amish
therapists
were
a
thing
this
book
makes
it
pretty
clear
that
there's
no
way
she
could
have
four
dudes
but
like
I
said
it's
not
the
Amish
listening
to
these
books
it's
people
with
potential
access
to
needed
therapy
that's
right
Tom
Noble
formerly
known
as
the
Dom
thoroughly
endorses
getting
therapy
it
is
a
very
very
good
thing
and
more
people
should
do
it
the
anti
witchcraft
message
was
a
bit
weird
I
don't
know
if
the
author
intended
to
make
the
villain
sympathetic
but
I
sure
as
[ __ ]
felt
bad
for
her
I
mean
yes
she
was
overcharging
a
vulnerable
pregnant
woman
for
her
charms
but
you
find
out
that
she's
not
only
in
extremely
poor
health
but
she's
also
been
ostracized
from
her
Christian
community
her
whole
life
for
daring
to
believe
in
healing
crystals
you
know
I
personally
used
to
be
like
really
impatient
with
that
sort
of
thing
but
I
swear
to
goodness
in
in
2019
there
is
so
much
worship
going
on
it
seems
so
harmless
to
me
now
you
know
just
fine
yeah
you
get
your
amethyst
I
hope
it
sorts
your
love
life
or
whatever
and
the
Amish
word
for
her
again
just
according
to
this
book
is
apparently
powwow
WA
which
appears
to
be
an
appropriation
of
a
Native
American
word
for
their
spiritual
gatherings
so
[ __ ]
hashtag
not
all
men
good
guy
Brock
thinks
that
she
probably
did
some
background
research
on
Naomi
and
found
out
that
she
had
a
miscarriage
the
year
before
so
knew
exactly
how
to
scam
her
but
he
presents
no
evidence
towards
this
aside
from
his
logic
that
you
know
which
he
women
just
do
this
sort
of
thing
so
yeah
depending
on
how
you
look
at
this
it's
either
a
noble
gentleman
protecting
his
vulnerable
friend
or
a
large
man
using
his
size
to
intimidate
a
desperate
old
woman
because
doesn't
approve
of
her
beliefs
very
confusing
thing
actually
this
story
ended
there's
these
questions
it
starts
with
the
narrator
asking
if
the
reader
has
ever
suffered
abuse
like
Naomi
so
I
thought
perhaps
it
was
going
to
be
like
a
shout
out
to
a
victim
helpline
but
then
she
goes
on
to
ask
if
the
reader
thinks
that
the
big
age
gap
between
the
leads
is
going
to
be
a
problem
and
a
bunch
of
other
things
so
I
don't
know
it's
like
it's
got
a
built
in
request
for
a
book
report
I
was
mostly
befuddled
because
this
was
the
only
book
of
the
four
in
this
collection
that
does
this
but
I
mean
maybe
it
made
more
sense
when
this
book
was
published
just
as
a
short
story
it
might
also
be
something
that
the
author
just
does
like
includes
discussion
questions
at
the
end
of
her
work
own
book
to
love
and
buggy
rides
by
Amy
clip
stone
in
my
opinion
this
book
was
a
notable
dip
in
quality
from
the
first
one
both
in
the
corniness
of
the
plot
and
the
writing
in
general
which
ironically
actually
made
it
my
personal
favorite
as
it
manages
to
get
close
to
being
so
bad
it's
good
level
so
knops
Asst
an
Amish
girl
named
Janie
witnesses
a
teenage
driver
texting
on
his
phone
crashed
into
the
back
of
an
Amish
buggy
injuring
several
people
the
reckless
car
driver
blames
the
carriages
driver
Jonathan
for
the
accident
and
tries
to
sue
him
and
Janie
is
forbidden
to
give
her
account
of
the
incident
to
the
police
by
her
father
who
claims
that
the
Amish
customers
too
never
get
involved
in
legal
matters
but
she
falls
in
love
of
Jonathan
so
disobeys
her
dad
to
get
him
off
the
hook
the
rest
of
the
story
is
a
tad
silly
you
could
say
wow
Janie
the
way
you
stopped
withholding
evidence
and
the
police's
made
me
love
you
not
so
fast
as
her
komotini
father
I'm
mad
she
disobeyed
me
so
I
won't
give
you
my
blessing
oh
if
only
there
was
a
convenient
way
for
him
to
earn
my
voters
approval
ah
this
is
a
stick-up
give
me
all
your
money
not
on
my
lack
of
watch
Amish
hey
thanks
for
saving
my
daughter
I
guess
you
can
have
my
blessing
after
all
a
sentence
at
the
start
of
this
actually
made
me
laugh
out
loud
when
Janie
Thirsty's
Jonathan
she's
immediately
breathtaking
because
she'd
never
seen
eyes
that
reminded
her
of
the
honey
that
she
buys
at
the
farmers
market
before
it's
just
so
hilariously
specific
later
she
says
that
she
looks
into
her
sisters
chocolate-colored
eyes
and
I
was
like
well
wait
a
second
are
we
talking
Cadbury's
or
like
the
stuff
you
get
from
Walmart
help
me
I
don't
have
much
else
to
say
about
this
one
to
be
completely
honest
shockingly
the
tension
of
will
this
adult
woman
blindly
obey
her
father
or
do
the
super
obvious
right
thing
failed
to
keep
me
super
invested
in
the
story
and
the
before-mentioned
convenience
of
the
conflict
at
the
end
was
admissible
book
three
a
quite
loved
by
Kathleen
feller
this
one's
a
little
awkward
Verne
OPS's
an
Amish
antisocial
introverted
poetry
fanatic
with
a
very
bad
speech
impediment
named
Dinah
is
sent
to
her
aunt's
farm
for
a
week
to
stay
with
her
her
new
husband
and
his
autistic
son
Amos
just
before
she
arrives
her
uncle
badly
injures
himself
with
a
scythe
and
can't
finish
harvesting
the
fields
so
it's
up
to
her
and
Amos
to
get
the
job
done
Dinah
finds
a
mosses
earnest
attitude
and
lack
of
judgment
towards
her
stutter
so
relaxing
she
finds
she's
able
to
talk
to
him
without
her
speech
impediment
when
it's
just
the
two
of
them
and
they
start
to
develop
feelings
for
each
other
and
she
quickly
becomes
frustrated
the
way
that
his
family
patronizes
him
to
the
point
of
treating
him
like
a
child
most
of
the
time
they
eventually
decide
to
get
married
which
completely
shocks
his
family
partly
because
they're
concerned
that
he
might
not
be
able
to
make
an
informed
decision
like
this
and
partly
because
they've
only
known
each
other
for
two
freaking
weeks
but
they
get
married
anyway
the
end
the
intent
here
I
would
like
to
think
was
good
it
was
supposed
to
show
that
while
everyone
was
kind
to
Amos
Dinah
was
the
only
one
who
genuinely
saw
him
as
an
adult
and
an
equal
the
problem
is
she
comes
off
as
a
bit
hypocritical
to
me
she's
anointed
Amos
as
family
for
infant
izing
him
but
what
initially
endeared
him
to
her
was
the
fact
that
his
severe
autism
made
him
less
threatening
to
her
and
her
insecurities
and
quite
frankly
she
was
a
tad
patronizing
to
him
herself
sometimes
like
I
said
probably
good
intention
but
in
perfect
execution
I
mean
I
have
not
heard
of
many
romance
stories
that
directly
involved
someone
on
the
spectrum
so
representation
I
guess
it
transpires
that
Amos
is
illiterate
and
I
fought
for
a
brief
second
that
this
was
going
to
be
an
acknowledgment
that
an
Amish
lifestyle
isn't
ideal
for
someone
who
require
a
special
needs
education
growing
up
heavily
dyslexic
I
don't
think
that
I
personally
would
have
survived
low-tech
schooling
but
no
this
turns
out
to
be
nothing
more
than
the
setup
for
another
romantic
gesture
as
Dinah
offers
to
help
him
learn
and
has
more
success
than
his
teachers
because
love
book
for
mischief
in
the
autumn
air
this
is
the
only
story
in
the
book
in
which
the
plot
is
more
important
than
the
romance
and
the
plot
is
basically
national
treasure
but
Amish
services
Martha
a
bookkeeper
at
an
Amish
auction
house
and
her
boss
Eli
gets
suspicious
when
a
young
man
over
bids
on
pieces
of
furniture
that
were
all
made
by
a
specific
gentleman
they
investigate
and
discover
different
sections
of
a
map
comes
into
the
undersides
along
with
hints
and
clues
and
references
to
a
treasure
they
confront
the
teenager
and
he
confesses
that
sorry
this
particular
story
is
a
little
hard
to
explain
so
bear
with
me
his
father
knew
about
the
map
because
he
used
to
work
with
the
guy
who's
selling
the
furniture
they
discovered
the
complete
map
together
carved
onto
a
wardrobe
and
it
came
with
like
some
weird
hints
saying
you
know
you'll
find
the
true
treasure
of
our
town
if
you
follow
this
map
but
the
other
guy
didn't
want
to
follow
it
so
they
had
this
big
falling
out
and
he
ended
up
obsessing
about
his
whole
life
and
tossed
his
son
with
solving
the
mystery
on
his
deathbed
meanwhile
the
other
guy
decided
to
split
the
map
up
and
carve
it
onto
like
eight
different
pieces
of
furniture
for
reasons
and
you
know
what
this
doesn't
really
matter
all
three
of
them
team
up
to
follow
the
clues
and
find
the
treasure
that's
the
important
bit
their
hunt
leads
them
all
around
their
town
and
forces
them
to
relearn
it's
rich
history
and
eventually
they
do
find
the
treasure
and
you
know
isn't
it's
not
terrible
it's
like
some
400
year
old
letters
and
a
very
old
Amish
Bible
and
stuff
you
know
some
museum
quality
things
but
the
story
still
wraps
up
on
a
you
know
what
it
doesn't
matter
the
true
treasure
was
the
romance
who
found
along
the
way
sort
of
message
as
Martha
Neal
I
are
totes
in
love
now
you
know
shocking
plot
twist
there
this
story
has
a
subplot
about
Martha
trying
to
get
along
with
her
unnecessarily
grumpy
aunt
the
casually
mentioned
in
the
epilogue
off
page
resolution
being
that
she
found
out
that
she
was
an
undiagnosed
diabetic
who
cheered
up
no
end
once
she
started
getting
treatment
the
forced
relocation
of
Native
Americans
and
the
seizure
of
their
lands
came
up
a
lot
in
the
history
that
the
Amish
scooby
gang
learn
in
their
adventure
and
I
briefly
thought
that
this
was
building
to
something
deep
you
know
like
the
treasure
they
found
would
make
these
Amish
people
have
to
confront
the
role
that
people
played
in
this
rather
nasty
historical
act
apparently
this
sort
of
sort
of
historical
self
honesty
is
not
unheard
of
amongst
the
Amish
but
no
the
Native
American
connection
is
just
treated
as
an
interesting
tidbit
and
the
treasure
just
reinforces
what
a
long
and
rich
history
the
Amish
have
so
yeah
this
final
book
was
a
huge
leap
forward
in
calm
writing
but
lord
help
me
I
was
just
so
pleased
to
see
an
actual
plot
at
last
and
the
writing
is
pretty
good
in
this
one
it
almost
tricked
me
into
being
invested
at
one
point
which
was
unique
for
this
particular
reading
experience
now
this
is
a
Christian
book
so
as
you
might
expect
the
characters
talked
about
what
they
pray
for
constantly
they
give
God
credit
for
their
achievements
a
tribute
every
nice
thing
that
happens
to
his
love
and
all
the
bad
things
to
his
divine
plan
a
consistent
message
for
out
this
entire
collection
is
you
do
not
have
to
try
to
find
love
all
four
of
these
romances
happen
because
someone
new
entered
these
people's
lives
by
pure
chance
and
instantly
formed
an
overwhelmingly
powerful
connection
with
them
so
yeah
I
guess
just
keep
living
your
life
and
doing
your
job
and
God
will
bring
your
soulmate
to
you
there's
no
need
to
work
for
it
just
relax
and
the
big
guy
upstairs
will
find
you
a
husband
or
wife
Jesus
swipes
right
so
you
don't
have
to
another
consistent
message
is
Oh
age
is
just
a
number
in
the
first
story
a
woman
in
her
20s
marries
a
40
year
old
in
the
second
a
30
year
old
guy
gets
to
a
20
yard
girl
and
in
the
fourth
one
I
think
the
age
is
worth
30
to
50
it's
brought
up
in
the
first
and
second
stories
but
very
quickly
dismissed
as
not
a
deal
breaker
for
anyone
involved
the
authors
almost
seemed
a
bit
defensive
on
the
matter
to
me
and
I
know
if
I'm
imagining
that
a
third
constant
is
the
complete
lack
of
stakes
in
any
of
these
stories
every
hurdle
to
the
happy
ever
after
is
comedic
ly
tiny
and
instantly
overcome
with
little
to
no
effort
we
can't
be
together
because
you're
not
Amish
I'll
convert
oh
okay
we
can't
be
together
because
you
live
really
far
away
I'll
move
closer
sweet
we
can't
be
together
because
we've
only
known
each
other
for
two
weeks
let's
just
get
married
anyway
good
idea
this
I
believe
is
not
a
romance
novel
trope
that's
unique
two
stories
centered
around
the
Amish
but
still
as
you
might
have
noticed
I
apparently
foolishly
thought
that
several
things
in
this
were
building
up
to
a
character
admitting
even
just
to
themselves
that
there
are
some
drawbacks
to
assuming
the
advantages
of
modern
society
but
I
was
wrong
every
time
these
authors
are
evidently
pretty
committed
to
romanticizing
the
Amish
Way
of
life
and
that
apparently
involves
avoiding
anything
that
could
be
perceived
as
a
negative
a
flexion
on
it
so
all
in
all
err
with
the
possible
exception
of
the
second
story
this
book
really
isn't
bad
enough
to
be
in
so
bad
it's
good
territory
and
it's
really
not
shocking
that
it
doesn't
entertain
me
it
was
never
intended
for
me
I'm
neither
Christian
nor
particularly
interested
in
romance
novels
you
might
be
wondering
why
the
heck
I
chose
to
subject
myself
to
it
if
that's
the
case
and
I
guess
it
is
about
time
I
come
clean
I
do
have
an
ulterior
motive
it's
because
I'm
rather
fond
of
the
narrator
of
the
audiobook
Heather
Wynn
you
might
know
her
as
co
Luna
from
calluna
reviews
so
yes
this
entire
thing
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novella
la
la
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father
hires
a
longtime
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of
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ashtag
then
ashtag
is
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feeling
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what
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it
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if
an
Amish
therapist
was
a
thing
the
movement
book
book
to
love
and
buggy
rides
by
a
meek
Lipson
how
the
[ __ ]
you
say
this
name
but
I
still
love
you
cuz
you're
my
special
sick
Terry
Pratchett
not
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with
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author
with
the
same
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yeah
okay
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fair
crashing
into
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back
of
an
Amish
budgie
budgie
budgie
budgie
why
why
would
you
be
riding
a
budgie
too
small
to
ride
around
almost
tricked
me
into
being
invested
at
one
point
which
was
a
unique
experience
in
this
particular
reading
experience
got
that
wrong
it
was
never
intended
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me
I
am
neither
Christian
nor
didn't
finish
that
sentence
on
the
script
apparently
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a
hurry
it
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while
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was
kind
to
a
most
dank
deemed
at
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Dino
Dino
Dino
do
not
enter
the
death
getting
my
hairs
all
over
my
shirt
I've
just
realized
I'm
a
pee
in
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cat
tower
[Music]
these
authors
are
evidently
pretty
committed
to
romanticizing
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Amish
Way
of
life
and
that
apparently
involves
provider
to
get
little
bear
not
so
fast
as
her
stodgy
old
curmudgeon
a
father
I'm
Maggio
I
went
into
climate
the
Frog


greetings j mods skaters random people woke up this morning july 8th 2019 to having three out of the five accounts you'll see in this video banned permanently for macroing without an appeal i'm going to show you exactly what i've been doing i don't really feel like i'm cheating and you know if if in the end they say oh well you're definitely breaking the rules and whatever then ban all my accounts please the player you just listened to is known as anti-men and he has a lot of experience being falsely banned on runescape his story along with those from many other multi-loggers that i interviewed for this video sheds important truth on the current state of jagex's support system how if you're a legitimate player that succumbs to jagex's imperfect anti-cheating system the likelihood of you being unbanned is reliant on exposure and community support rather than being able to go through their official support system as you can in many other mmos i've interviewed four players samurai pr anti-men zortrox and jim schill but before we get into their stories i'm going to briefly thank the sponsor of today's video nordvpn this is a product that i actually use and it's a product that has saved my behind before as well let me tell you a little story so if you've been around my channel for a while you know i interview all sorts of cyber delinquents and while i was making one of those videos i was on this sketchy person's website i noticed in the code that he had an ip logger tracking my ip address in real time had i not been on nordvpn which changed my ip address by redirecting all of my internet traffic through the remote servers that person would have been able to see the city and country that i'm living in and worse he could have executed a denial of service attack against me dropping my internet offline but because i was connected through nordvpn none of that was possible this guy thought i was connected from the united states when i'm actually canadian and if he tried to ddos that ip address guess what it's a nordvpn server and they've got great ddos protection so nothing happens i did a video three weeks ago about the big problem that runescape players face with respect to being attacked by ddosers you can lose items you can lose your hardcore ironman status i mean the list goes on but if you've got nordvpn you don't have to worry about it and there's a bunch of other use cases too like they've got unlimited bandwidth there's 59 different countries you can connect to if you're in canada and you want to watch american netflix this makes it possible and vice versa they've got a great deal right now on two year plans you'll get a month free and a hefty discount all you have to do is use my custom link in the description or coupon code crumb on checkout it's a wonderful vpn and that's a wonderful discount you're paying the price of two cups of coffee for each month you won't find a better deal than that around so to this very day if you go on the 2007scape reddit and post the word anti-men your thread or comment will be automatically hidden because the mods have set it up to be a banned word on top of that anti-men's own reddit accounts have been shadow banned which means nobody sees any of the posts that he makes in the runescape subreddit whilst it's not obvious to him that he's even been banned we don't have the intent behind the reddit mods censoring anti-men in this way but we do know that it came after he made a series of posts highlighting his innocence as a player explaining that his accounts had been falsely banned and asking jagex to respond on the situation see anti-man started playing back in 2015. he's part of a niche community and runescape known as multi-loggers these are people that play on sometimes 5 all the way up to 100 accounts at once back in 2015 anti-man was playing on just 12 accounts he played for a couple of years building his accounts up to the point where he could afford more bonds to create even more accounts to keep multi-logging on by 2017 he was up to playing a total of 24 accounts at once he didn't suffer any problems over this period of time it wasn't until october of 2017 that seven of anti-men's accounts got randomly banned he tried appealing it through the official support system and they were all automatically declined he couldn't talk to a person at jagex he couldn't even do a write-up about the situation and the ban appeal frustrated and desperate anti-men took to reddit he made a post explaining his situation giving proof of his legitimacy but he didn't get the upvotes nobody stood behind him with their pitchforks demanding a response from jagex and so his post never made it to the top page it fizzled among all the other posts in a last ditch effort he took to twitter tweeting at jmods trying to get one of them to personally look into his case he had no luck frustrated he quit the game for a year he didn't make a return until september of 2018 at that time he made 11 new anti-men accounts and within 4 days 7 out of 11 of those accounts were banned at this point he was absolutely certain that what he was doing was not against the rules this is where his campaign to get a response from a jagex moderator really started he created a youtube channel talking about and documenting his methods of gameplay he made many posts on reddit and they started to gain traction for the first time a jagex moderator actually looked at what he was doing and made a comment about it check it out here's what mod tyran had to say what you've shown in this video isn't against the rules and wouldn't warrant a ban to be placed on your account regarding your banned accounts we will review them within the coming days and sure enough they did and sure enough anti-man got all of those seven falsely banned accounts reinstated what anti-man didn't know at the time was that this would be the only interaction he would ever have with jagex where they actually looked at his falsely banned accounts and reinstated them from here on out it was only downhill shortly after ma tairan actually looked into his accounts and unbanned them he asked him if you could look into the original accounts that he had back in 2017 which were also falsely banned but he was ignored now despite this anti-man kept playing the game all the way up until april of 2019 what eventually pushed him into permanently quitting the game is when he had three of his accounts get banned for training defense at monks and then three more of his main accounts get banned while he was doing corporal beast on them of course no support from jagex and by this point reddit had shadowbanned him presumably so he would stop being able to post that these false bans are happening one thing about anti-man's case is that even though he posted a whole bunch on reddit he never got a jagex mod smackdown so typically if somebody posts on reddit saying that they got falsely banned but they actually bought it or they deserve the ban in some way and the thread gets really popular a jagex moderator will call them out say hey no you bought it you did this and you deserve that ban with anti-man they completely ignored the threads the assumption from this is that yeah anti-man was legit he didn't bot so he was unsmackdownable so instead of rectifying the situation jagex chose to ignore it that brings up another consideration jagex's official statement on their anti-cheating software is that they're able to accurately detect all bots that is their software is impeccable it can't be wrong and as such if you get detected as a bot by it no way that it's a false ban but what we have actually seen time and time again is that legitimate players do get banned evie scape got banned on stream solo mission suffered a false ban link's titan the first player to ever max on the game got falsely banned and in all of those situations because these players are of high notoriety within the community they got the special privilege of a j-mod looking into their situation and unbanning them manually it's frustrating really and i want to get into more details but first we're going to take a step back and look at what zortox another multi-encounter had to say now you've probably seen this guy hanging out at world 2 ge decked out in full purple surrounded by his alts zortrox has provided a lot of great insight for this video so we're going to talk about one of his band experiences in specific he had created six accounts to train cooking on and five out of six of them were banned just a few days later so naturally he went to the appeal forum he didn't want to overwhelm them with reports so he submitted a ban appeal for just one account then a couple hours later he realized hey you know what i don't want to wait 28 days for this first appeal to go through to just have to do it again on all my other accounts and wait that extra month so at this point he submitted a ban appeal on the other four accounts and it's the response that he got to those ban appeals that is really interesting and sheds light on just how unpersonable jagex's ban appeal system is so the first ban appeal response came 10 minutes before the rest of them and then the other 4 came at the exact same minute to his inbox each of his appeals was declined with the generic message but an interesting note is that they were signed by different j-mods even though the emails arrived at the exact same minute and this just leads me to believe that this is a fully automated process that they tried to kind of cover up by changing the jmod name instead of just being transparent and saying that it's an automated system of course i don't work at jagex so i don't know if these are actually reviewed by people and then they just batch process out all the emails at once sometimes companies do that but i can't find anything saying that they do have a real person processing ban appeals so it'd just be nice to know from jagex if there's actually somebody that looks into them so what does zortrox do after he went through the official support system and it seemed like nobody actually looked into his case well like most players he took to twitter but despite his shenanigans and world 2 he's not a well-known player and so finally he resorted to going to the official runescape discord servers and messaging every j-mod he could he managed to get a reply from mod gambit who didn't work support but promised to look into his case zortrox said that it was taking a long time for gamba to actually get around to looking into it which was fair he didn't work support but zortrox actually was friends with one of my gambit's real-life friends and so he even had that person asked about gambit again to look into zortrax's case and when mod gambit actually did finally get around to looking into zortrox's case and ultimately unbanning his accounts it was the day before he left jagex zortruck said that that left an eerie feeling for him this is a great story to illustrate the exceptional circumstances one has to go to to get a false ban reversed on runescape it shouldn't be that way so i asked sortrox to summarize his experience with the support system this is what he told me he said that the support system is really easy to navigate but it's soul crushing when you actually get to the appeal form and realize there's no text box to state anything about your case he said he realized from knowing about other people's experiences with false bans that his best hope was to grind tweeting at twitter support hoping that one j-mod who cares would see it and actually take the time to look into his case the one mod that would sporadically look into these cases was mod wealth but he has since left jagex and upon hearing this news zortrox said that he feels players who are falsely banned are even more hopeless now zortrox had a lot of great suggestions about how they can improve their support system but first let's briefly cover the stories of jim shill and samurai pr so jim is a runescape 3 player and he plays a ton of accounts to this day he has had 44 false bans on his runescape accounts he's been through the gambit of twitter and discord with no response from jagex other than one response to a video he posted asking if his method of play was against the rules to which they said it was not now you guys might remember samurai pr from another video i did about him playing 42 accounts at once he was kind enough to record some audio talking about his experience so let's take a listen i was falsely banned in some of my mining accounts the only thing i remember that might have triggered the ban was an accidental report while trading my accounts other than that i've been doing the same thing mining amethyst for several months and never had any issues so i would not really know what really caused it i posted on my discord and twitter about the situation and asked for recommendations i used their appeal form which came back rejected and apparently the process is automatic i explained that issue in a reply to the initial twitter post then someone tagged a j-mod to review the case the j-mod reacted to the post and some hours later i tried to login into the accounts with success no questions about the account details was requested and no information related to the bans was received they probably looked up my accounts linked with my main rsn and unbanned them since it was solved quickly it was a good experience but at the same time is worrisome that after playing all this time i lost access to my accounts i would be lying if i said this has had no effect it is concerning when something that you put a lot of effort into for a long period gets taken away so samurai won the twitter lottery and if you're not convinced yet that this is a problem even axe mod ronin when he uploaded his now famous video of making runescape's tactical nuke the alternate accounts that he had to make for that video got falsely banned while he was working on it so he had to reach out to his old jmod friend matarchi to get them unbanned because his appeals were denied now don't get me wrong i love this game and i think that the teams are doing a great job in a lot of areas but support and security are really lacking apparently they have 36 people working on support i don't know what they're doing maybe these people are all just working on billing issues because if you have a problem giving jagix your money you can actually talk to a real person over email but otherwise it's just these automated responses or faq pages it's not a limitation of finances either in 2018 their end-of-year financial report showed that jagex had made 44 million british pounds in profit that works out to about 60 million usd and jagex's profits are way up for 2020 so they're making even more than that now now with respect to how they can improve the support system these are the suggestions that the multi accounters gave me remember this issue even affects people playing the game in the intended way but multi-counters are playing the game in this abstract way that's more likely to trigger the bot detection system because the game was never meant to be played on a bunch of accounts at once these people made for great interview material because they face this issue more often than other people do so they've really thought about it heck at one point zortrox was trying to set up a contact point at jagex that multi-counters could reach out to to have their false bands reviewed no luck on that one but these are the suggestions number one a real human team to look into ban appeals obviously something is wrong with the appeal system when consistently we see appeals being denied and then overturned when the player gets lucky and manages to reach a real j-mod who will look into the case on twitter reddit discord whatever it may be number two you should be able to provide evidence on the appeal form just so people can state what they were doing in game in these exceptional circumstances like multi-loggers playing 15 accounts at once number three make the experience personable we see too often on twitter support the bot will just link somebody to the faq page when the faq page is completely irrelevant to the issue they're trying to get solved good support systems yeah they send you to the faq page and then there's a button at the bottom that says let me talk to a real person because this page doesn't help that is missing you know one argument that i see come up time and time again is that if they make any changes to the support system it's going to be abused by botters and i just don't think this is an acceptable excuse when real players are getting falsely banned on runescape and they're losing access to the accounts that sometimes they've poured thousands of hours into i wonder what your suggestions would be to improve the support system there's a ton of them all over the runescape forums jagex has seen hundreds of ideas tossed out by players i'm sure they could come up with a system that works really well if they would just invest the money into it but that's all i've got i did another video a couple years ago on jagex's customer support that video talks about some additional insight that wasn't covered in this video don't forget to check out nordvpn they've got a really good deal on that's not going to last forever link is in the description if you enjoyed this video consider subscribing i'll catch you guys in the next one you know unbelievable that someone that is playing manually for hours a day on multiple accounts is is suffering unappealable permanent bands there's virtually no customer service here there's no contact with humans period with


thanks to the Monterey Bay Aquarium for partnering with us on this episode of scishow it oughta be a fun one [Music] animals snuggling up with baby animals that are not related to them is internet gold but memes aside cute critters taken care of young that aren't their own or a low parenting is a real thing that has been documented in more than 270 species take Rosa for example that isn't her pup she's snuggling you see she's one of the residents at the Monterey Bay Aquarium who helps foster orphaned otters as a surrogate otter mom she not only ensures that orphaned pups get lots of love she also teaches them how to be an otter so they can eventually be released back into the wild like Sokka here is teaching a youngster how to break open crab shells to get at the tasty meat inside Oh looks like they're a quick study which is great because catching and cracking open crabs is an essential otter scale and this mama is teaching a little one how to dive and find food buried in the sand the fact that these otters are so willing to lend a paw and step in as parents might seem surprising though surprising from an evolutionary perspective that is after all adoptive parents are essentially helping someone else's offspring that carry someone else's genes and usually that care is at the adoptive parents own expense they have to use up some of their valuable energy and resources tsubame sea otter eats more than a third of her body weight every day in order to have the energy to take care of her pup and if she doesn't have enough resources to take care of herself and her offspring she'll usually abandon her young within the first few weeks after birth taken care of a young animal could have other costs too like delaying an animal's ability to have young of their own so why would they do it well it turns out there are a lot of possibilities for starters for Rosa and selca and the other animals at the aquarium resources aren't an issue the aquariums humans make sure everybody has plenty of food and the otter mom's don't need to worry about sharks or orcas or male sea otters either making sure the animals in their care are healthy and well-fed is a big part of how rehabilitation programs encourage potential foster parents to follow their natural inclinations to take care of young animals sometimes that natural inclination may be much stronger more like a biological urge to parent aquarium team has observed wild otters adopting lost or orphaned pups and there have been cases of female polar bears adopting new litters in both cases biologists think that could be because they were physiologically primed for motherhood these cases all involve female animals that had recently lost their own young and if that happened while the females were lactating they may have still had all of these hormones swishing around in their bodies telling them to take care of babies plus since polar bears raised their cubs and dens away from other bears they might not have evolved good kid recognizing mechanisms in fact that's probably another big reason a low parenting happens the animals simply don't realize they aren't taking care of their own kids this might explain why birds like cow birds and cuckoos can lay their eggs in other birds nests and successfully pass along their parenting duties two entirely different species parrot birds don't want to mistakenly reject one of their own so they're better off just taking care of everyone in the nest and in some species breeding sites are so crowded that it can be hard to tell whose kids are whose so parents just take care of whichever ones are nearby there might be some other benefits to doing that too it could be that the young are at least sorter related to them they are their sisters or their cousins offspring in that case they share some of the same genes Celeste there's the possibility of a little like you watch my kid I'll watch yours that seems to be what happens in many species of whales and dolphins young ones can't always keep up with their fast swimming deep diving parents frankly like most human parents sometimes cetacean Mama's just want a break to do something not kid related so it's common for other adults in a social group to take over parenting duties from time to time sometimes these allo parents even let the babies drink their milk and that might be because they're related to the actual parents as social groups tend to contain relatives but even if they're not they might reasonably expect that someone will take care of their kids when they need someone to lend a hand or in the event of their untimely demise plus these temporary caretakers might be learning a thing or two about how to take care of their own offspring that seems to be another major reason animals adopt studies suggest that such parenting practice is especially useful if animals only produce a few litters in their lifetime or if caring for their kids requires a lot of work on top of all of that there's evidence that foster parents get benefits which helped them with non parenting tasks like they might actually become smarter a 2015 paper in the journal animal behavior found that female African striped mice who had raised pups were better able to remember their way through a maze for example and it didn't matter if the mice had raised their own pups or another Mouse's pups that may be because the act of parenting alters mammalian brains whether or not the parent actually gave birth to the offspring they're taking care of if all that word enough reason for an animal to allo parent having a kid around can sometimes give individuals a status boost for example male baboons can temporarily boost their social status and gain protection from other aggressive males if they're seen grooming and taking care of young and Barbary macaques will go even further by placing an infant down in between themselves and a dominant male to get social status without anything to fight for it some scientists think this trick works because high-ranking primates parent more offspring the idea is these lower ranking animals are taking advantage of the fact that the more dominant ones don't want to attack what are likely their own kids finally taking care of someone else's baby might increase an animal's chance of having their own someday for example it's thought that the act of adoption may make female northern elephant seals more likely to have offspring in the next year that's because studies suggest lactation and regular nursing help induce ovulation which you know is kind of important in mammalian reproduction it's really hard to know if a wild seal has obviated of course but females in this species generally avoid and rebuff males if they're not physiologically ready to get pregnant in the 1972 study did note that females who nursed a pup to weaning usually copulated before heading off from the breeding site while ones that didn't weren't seen mating in the end depending on the species adil parenting may have a whole suite of advantages and not just for the kid so it's not actually that surprising that so many animals step up and take care of other animals young and it's certainly a help for when our species wants to do some rehabilitation of animals because these furry her feathered foster parents are a real help right now there are lots of species of endangered animals being saved thanks to the hard work of humans and animals austere parents alike c'mon or Ebay aquariums sea otter program for example which works with the threatened California sea otter has been in place since 1984 and has helped more than seven hundred otters and let's give a special thanks to selca and Rosa for showing off their fostering skills they're doing the sea otter program proud through similar efforts the Monterey Bay Aquarium and its colleagues and the Association of zoos and aquariums give lots of orphaned animals another shot at life while helping their species return to the historic range the Aquarium also participates in programs helping the critically endangered African penguin and the endangered Western snowy plover for example and these programs are just one of the many ways the aquarium is fulfilling its mission to care for the ocean and everything that lives in it if you want to learn more you can head over to monterey bay aquarium org and if you want to see more sweet otter cuddles be sure to check out the aquariums instagram twitter and other social media accounts you'll find links in the description [Music] you


thanks to surf shark for sponsoring this video find out more later in the video hey 42 here henrietta lacks was born in roanoke virginia in 1920 just two days after women were given the right to vote in the united states hers wasn't an easy life her mother died giving birth to a tenth child when henrietta was just four years old and her father unable to cope with such a large family on his own divided his children out amongst whichever relatives were prepared to take them henrietta was working out in the local tobacco fields from an age that would be illegal today and she dropped out of school in the sixth grade to help support her family full time she had her first child at 14 and four more would arrive over the following 15 years tragically at the age of just 31 henrietta passed away she had lived a short hard life and for many years her name was forgotten to all but those who were closest to her her friends and family but little did they know that henrietta lacks hadn't really died at all at least not exactly and what was more in the years since her non-death this unassuming woman had been busy changing the world playing a pivotal role in some of the most important breakthroughs in medical science of the entire 20th century you see whilst henrietta may have lived a pretty unremarkable life she most certainly wasn't your average woman in fact henrietta lacks was immortal sort of if you love traveling then you'll love the fastest and easiest vpn surf shark did you know surf shark helps you to avoid price discrimination based on your location so you can save money on plane tickets and car rentals whilst traveling surfshard runs on any device anywhere and it's packed full of features such as industry-leading uncrackable encryption ip and dns leak protection an internet kill switch if your vpn drops out and 24 7 customer support personally i use surf shock to watch netflix content from other countries such as the us that's usually blocked here in the uk surf shock maintains a strict no logs policy and their network of 3200 servers in over 65 countries runs completely on ram so they couldn't even log your data even if they wanted to by using the code 42 you will benefit from an 83 percent discount plus free extra months for free all you have to do is click the special link in the description below don't miss it to tell this strange tale it's probably best if we start at the beginning of the end of henrietta's life that is back in early 1951 when she was 30 years old henrietta felt what she described as a knot in her womb she'd already had four children by this point and her family suspected the feeling of discomfort was the first sign that baby number five was on the way as it happened they were right but after giving birth to a son the unsettling feeling in henrietta's belly didn't go away which is how soon afterwards she found herself sitting in the waiting room at johns hopkins the only hospital in the area that would treat black patients henrietta was seen by howard jones who in later life would go on to establish a reproduction center responsible for the world's first so-called test tube baby but at the time he was a young doctor at the start of his career during his examination dr jones dr jones calling sorry i got carried away there discovered a strange mass of bleeding tissue unlike cervix unlike anything he'd seen before he took a biopsy for testing and when the results came back they were unequivocal henrietta lacks had cervical cancer she was treated with radium tube inserts which are exactly what they sound like but the cancer was so aggressive it continued to grow and spread faster than radiation could kill it before the year was out henrietta had passed away but during her treatment unbeknownst to henrietta herself two further tissue samples were taken from her cervix one of healthy cells the other cancerous these were sent to johns hopkins cell biologist george otto gay head of the hospital's tissue culture laboratory and it was in dr gay's lab that something truly remarkable happened gay had been trying to culture cervical cancer cells for years when henrietta's samples arrived on his desk and he knew the challenges involved better than anyone even inside our own bodies human cells only go through so many divisions usually between 40 and 60. before cell division ceases for a phenomenon known as senescence this cap on the number of times a cell can divide is known as the hayflick limit in his lab even if dr gay created just the right conditions he was lucky if he could coax more than a handful of generations of cell divisions out of his cultured samples before long no matter what he tried the cells would die and he'd need to find a new sample to work with at least that's how things usually went it soon became clear that henrietta's cells were different because far from dying out in his carefully constructed cultures the cancer cells taken from henrietta's cervix thrived dividing over and over again long after they should have perished and that led dr gay to a rather startling conclusion henrietta lacks cells were immortal this discovery was a big deal like a very big deal you see an immortal cell line one where the cells continue to divide over and over again apparently forever offered researchers something they'd never had before an unlimited supply of uniform genuine human tissue that was cheap to produce on mass in a lab and could be used to carry out all manner of experiments such a cell line would eliminate the need to laboriously collect tissue samples from patients and since the cells could be cultured in a lab there was none of the ethical concerns that might have been associated with testing gun tissue that was still attached to the human who'd made it possible in the first place by the way i should point out that in the human body cancer cells aren't affected by the hayflick limit they can continue dividing over and over again though this wasn't understood until the 60s and anyway outside the body in an artificial culture it's a very different story and much like regular cells cultured cancer cells soon die out but for some reason henrietta lacks didn't and it was a game changer for biological research dr gaine knew exactly how important this discovery was and so he began handing out the cells which he dubbed healer after the woman they came from to anyone who wanted them in the hopes they would be used to make breakthroughs in many areas of medical science and it wasn't long before hela cells were doing exactly that in 1953 it was found that healer cells could be reliably infected with polio one of the world's most feared childhood diseases allowing scientists to study the disease at scale for the first time in history which directly led to the development of the world's first polio vaccine taming polio was one of the first scientific breakthroughs made using healer cells but there have been so many since there's no way i could possibly list them all in this video healer cells have been used to study the effects of radiation on human tissue they were blasted into space on some of the very first rockets to investigate the impact space travel might have on our bodies they were crucial to the development of ivf and they have been vital tools in the research of a whole host of different viruses including hiv hpv zika herpes measles mumps and yes even covid the cultured cells of henrietta lacks were the first ever mass-produced human cells and the first to be cloned they have been central to the establishment of more than 11 000 patents the writing of more than 100 000 scientific papers and the winning of at least five nobel prizes by some estimations over 20 tons of healer cells have been created over the years and they're still going strong to this day 70 years after henrietta died it's no exaggeration to say that healer cells have changed the world as we know it and saved innumerable lives in the process all of which is pretty incredible i'm sure you'll agree but there's another side to this remarkable story one that's rather less rosy and a whole lot more complicated you may remember i mentioned earlier in the video that tissue from henrietta's cervix was taken without her knowledge or consent before being sent to george otto gay's human tissue culture lab at john hopkins hospital which when you think about it is a little concerning i mean healer cells were fueling research all over the world and yet henrietta's relatives had absolutely no idea that the living tissue of their nearest and dearest was being used and you could say abused in this way it would be some 25 years before they found out in the meantime their lives have been going on pretty much as they always had been the unsavory irony here is that whilst henrietta lacked cells were enabling medical research that would go on to make farmer corporations millions perhaps billions of dollars members of her own family didn't even have enough money to pay for basic medical care i should point out that no crime was committed here or at least nothing more than a moral crime the doctors of johns hopkins hospital were under no legal obligation to ask for permission to take henrietta's cells and no companies or individuals who made money from their work with healer cells owed the family a penny by the letter of the law taking human tissue samples without consent was completely standard procedure at the time and even today material obtained from a patient during surgery blood and tissue samples say can be used for research in much the same way henrietta's was i'm sorry to tell you that in the relatively unlikely event money is made using your bits and pieces after surgery you aren't entitled to any of it this was actually tested in the california supreme court back in 1990 when a man named john moore who suffered from leukemia discovered his cells had been turned into an immortal cell line much like healer and later commercialized by his physician unsurprisingly moore wanted a slice of the very big pie but the court ruled on the side of the physician making it clear that an individual has no rights to his own discarded cells and no right to any profits that may later be gained from them intuitively it feels wrong that our own cells could be used in this way without our permission for the profits of others but is it just as easy as saying we should have to give express permission in order for someone to use our body parts for research your reflex answer to that question may well be a resounding yes so was mine but is it really that simple what if scientists came across a person whose cells had some unique property we could use to cure cancer let's say enabling research that may save millions upon millions of lives if that individual happened to be a bit of an who quite like the idea of sticking two fingers up at the rest of humanity by refusing to let scientists get their latex gloved hands on his valuable cells should he be allowed to do so admittedly it's hard to say how realistic that scenario might be but it certainly gets you thinking then there's the fact that the more bureaucracy you add to a process like obtaining human tissue for research the more time it's going to take something that poses a bit of a problem since living human tissue has unsurprisingly quite a short shelf life add too much red tape or seek too many approvals and we might risk missing out on making medical breakthroughs that could save lives as is often the case with complex moral conundrums there really are no easy answers here though i think pretty much everyone would agree it's wrong that henrietta lacks family were left living in poverty whilst her cells were busy changing the world and making others very rich in the process so clearly something needs to change hela was the world's first immortal cell line and to this day it remains the most important and the most widely used cell line in biological research healer is no longer unique many other immortal cell lines have been developed since but it's still very much remarkable henrietta lacks cervical cancer cells are so robust and grow so aggressively that they're able to easily out-compete most other cells even other immortal cell lines and in the 70s scientists began to realize that many cultures of what they thought were immortal cells from other lines had in fact been taken over by rogue healer cells cross-contamination of cultures is incredibly hard to prevent we're talking about human cells here objects so tiny they can happily float from place to place on a moat of dust and healer is so hardy so fast growing and downright dominant if just a few cells drift into a nearby culture more often than not they soon take over remarkably it's estimated 20 to 30 percent of all immortal cell lines have been contaminated by healer cells and that's more than a minor inconvenience it essentially invalidates every experiment conducted with the contaminated cell cultures and since most researchers traditionally haven't tested the identity or purity of the cell lines they're working with we're talking about a vast amount of research that's being called into question in stories told by those who knew her in life henrietta lacks was a fun-loving caring mother who found happiness despite the hardships she faced in death she unwittingly became one of the most influential people ever to have lived hers is a story that mixes tragedy and triumph but none of that takes away from the truly monumental impact this unassuming woman has had on the modern world henrietta lacks may have lost her life to cancer but in a strange twist of fate that very same cancer made her immortal and changed biological research forever thanks for watching check out my new podcast random interesting facts available on youtube spotify apple podcast and anywhere else you get your podcasts link in the description below