I'm
gonna
be
real
of
you
guys
I
don't
like
family
channels
at
all
it
amazes
me
that
the
family
is
even
a
genre
on
YouTube
maybe
someones
lack
of
family
is
what
drives
them
to
like
family
channels
I
don't
get
it
personally
there
is
simply
nothing
I
hate
more
than
watching
happy-go-lucky
American
couples
go
about
their
unrealistically
positive
lives
smile
more
it's
family
throw
it
away
today's
video
is
somewhat
refreshing
I
found
a
family
channel
that
doesn't
really
focus
on
positive
things
you
know
they
don't
have
thumbnails
like
this
we
can't
keep
this
a
secret
any
longer
they
look
like
they're
being
held
captive
I
say
found
it's
actually
one
of
the
biggest
family
channels
out
there
the
lebrandt
family
they've
been
on
my
radar
for
a
few
months
now
ever
since
the
dad
or
the
daddy
of
the
family
made
a
few
controversial
tweets
are
the
biggest
fan
about
our
videos
to
say
the
least
ever
virgin
imagine
not
watching
other
people
having
sex
and
actually
having
it
yourself
shouldn't
maybe
they
get
a
lot
of
views
on
YouTube
again
I
do
not
understand
it
I
don't
even
want
to
try
to
understand
it
at
this
point
but
I
find
the
way
that
they
achieved
those
views
to
be
really
strange
it's
somewhat
of
a
subversion
of
the
family
genre
every
single
title
and
thumbnail
is
by
far
the
most
negative
aspect
of
the
vlog
it
creates
a
scenario
where
you
have
these
videos
which
are
incredibly
bubbly
and
annoyingly
positive
and
cheerful
hate
fun
please
stop
having
fun
and
then
they're
branded
like
this
our
family
is
splitting
up
oh
that's
good
then
this
video
can
end
early
see
you
guys
later
now
this
video
has
5
million
views
is
done
incredibly
well
if
we
go
into
the
video
you'll
see
that
it's
just
a
complete
lie
isn't
you
know
that
baby
does
not
give
a
[ __ ]
oh
yeah
I
failed
to
mention
Family
Channel
they've
got
to
have
the
intro
we're
gonna
have
to
look
at
the
intro
ever
leaked
ah
shame
oh
now
the
float
consists
of
just
your
average
American
things
a
little
play
park
here
and
they
found
a
slide
kind
of
problematic
in
the
back
there
with
the
indigenous
teepees
but
we'll
brush
over
that
the
reason
you
clicked
is
for
the
splitting
up
so
let's
look
at
the
splitting
up
shall
we
we've
missed
a
lot
of
school
with
Hawaii
travel
and
serve
and
she
has
like
a
really
important
dance
practice
so
she's
seen
with
her
grandma
so
that
she
doesn't
miss
you
staying
with
her
grandma
family
if
anything
that
shows
that
your
family
is
more
together
oh
it's
split
I'm
so
sorry
we've
lost
you
you've
got
to
eat
your
Nan's
apple
pies
for
a
whole
week
and
then
resume
the
vlog
they
literally
show
them
getting
on
the
plane
we
lost
Everly
but
she's
in
the
past
now
we've
moved
on
let's
take
it
the
[ __ ]
rain
they've
also
apparently
got
time
for
Instagram
photos
it's
this
really
uncomfortable
frame
where
they
put
in
this
ginger
bloke
just
kind
of
gawking
I'll
show
you
now
oh
good
it's
a
girl
I've
never
seen
such
a
stock
footage
virgin
in
my
life
I
know
you're
probably
thinking
click
betting
your
family
splitting
up
isn't
such
a
bad
thing
technically
they
are
splitting
up
for
a
very
short
amount
of
time
and
you're
looking
at
the
title
of
this
video
go
well
my
friends
we're
just
getting
started
people
lie
in
titles
that
happen
ksi
hopefully
does
like
me
for
example
Paris
Hilton's
content
is
bagging
there's
a
video
here
you
can't
see
the
full
Tyler
have
to
go
over
it
the
doctor
gave
us
unexpected
news
about
Everly
and
look
at
the
way
that's
saved
their
4.3
million
views
in
five
days
one
of
these
people
clicking
thinking
that
the
daughter
might
have
a
severe
illness
or
even
an
injury
and
again
the
video
starts
with
a
little
shout
out
little
teaser
if
you
want
what
you
really
titled
a
video
about
a
doctor's
unexpected
news
she
hurt
her
knee
Hello
Kitty
blaster
was
with
the
palpitation
sound
effect
is
this
the
so
reboot
and
again
they
feel
the
vlog
with
very
happy
thing
they
have
a
little
party
here
and
then
do
some
yoga
oh
no
don't
is
crippled
I
don't
really
good
downward
dog
the
yoga
is
actually
what
comes
directly
before
the
problem
I'll
let
Cole
explain
it
for
you
we
were
coming
out
with
a
gem
program
on
Jim
oh
no
Jim
oh
no
is
this
huge
Fitness
it's
an
ad
so
people
might
have
clicked
on
this
video
gone
alright
this
is
what
he's
wearing
at
the
partway
talks
about
his
daughter's
illness
this
is
the
background
when
you
scroll
along
to
actually
find
it
you're
hit
with
make
myself
feel
better
I'm
gonna
be
promoting
my
own
things
now
we
just
dropped
some
merch
over
on
James
Mary
it
got
shot
look
at
how
beautiful
this
design
is
I
want
to
cover
my
whole
face
with
it
we
even
have
a
bloody
hat
I
could
rob
a
bank
like
this
if
I
wanted
no
one
would
know
it's
me
other
than
the
fact
it
says
my
name
on
both
items
these
are
both
very
limited
stock
and
they
won't
be
up
for
long
so
if
you
do
want
to
pick
one
of
these
items
up
go
to
James
Merritt
even
if
you
don't
go
and
take
a
look
at
the
website
it's
really
pretty
and
nice
oh
yeah
if
you
are
interested
James
Merritt
shop
thank
you
now
Cole
kind
of
talks
for
a
minute
and
it's
boring
but
this
is
actually
what
happened
to
his
daughter
he
was
in
the
nurse's
office
and
I
guess
she
was
playing
kickball
or
handball
handball
troop
blood
sport
she
twisted
her
knee
and
she's
limping
and
she
said
it's
whoaa
and
that
she
can't
walk
on
it
twisted
a
debug
how
does
this
happen
to
kids
of
old
people
in
fairness
they
are
worried
for
her
because
she
might
miss
her
dance
competitions
they
don't
worry
by
the
end
of
the
video
it's
all
resolved
how
do
you
feel
dad
right
after
the
reveal
that
she's
actually
okay
that
hurts
bad
you
got
me
again
say
show
the
bruise
that
she
has
on
her
leg
but
I
don't
want
to
show
that
and
all
honesty
I'll
probably
be
blurring
all
of
the
children's
faces
I
don't
know
what
it
is
I
guess
if
they're
your
family
it's
kind
of
okay
to
put
them
on
YouTube
I
know
as
a
grownup
an
adult
on
YouTube
I
would
never
want
to
put
my
own
child
through
it
without
their
consent
which
they
can't
really
give
this
kid
is
smiling
okay
she's
fine
she's
not
hurt
she
twisted
her
knee
she's
got
a
little
boo-boo
we
all
did
that
as
a
kid
okay
let's
go
back
to
that
phone
mail
again
hold
on
she
looks
like
she's
just
been
told
that
her
hamster
died
do
so
this
bit
about
the
doctor
in
the
title
the
only
mention
of
a
doctor
is
that
they
reached
out
to
one
and
that
they
didn't
have
time
for
an
appointment
so
the
doctor
is
completely
you
know
made
up
some
money
your
time
this
next
one
though
in
my
opinion
is
arguably
worse
all
weeks
ago
they
uploaded
our
family
vacation
ends
in
a
disaster
and
it
does
have
more
views
than
most
of
their
videos
but
not
by
much
of
the
thumbnail
man
why
do
they
have
their
child
in
an
emergency
room
again
if
you
didn't
click
on
this
video
and
find
out
what
was
actually
happening
you
might
assume
that
the
kid
was
dying
like
what
is
severe
enough
to
happen
to
a
child
to
end
a
vacation
but
as
you're
about
to
see
the
vacation
doesn't
even
end
so
again
we
have
the
happy-go-lucky
blow
oh
look
it's
a
cruise
ship
Wow
there's
even
a
video
of
cold
surfing
Wow
look
at
those
waves
dubstep
really
adds
to
that
I
caught
me
off
guard
another
thing
that
grinded
my
gears
is
this
dad
joke
the
coal
makes
here
and
what
can
you
expect
he's
practically
[ __ ]
out
children
at
this
point
have
you
heard
their
Nene
don't
you
be
Yamini
yeah
and
then
the
video
suddenly
cuts
as
you're
about
to
see
they
go
into
a
lot
of
detail
about
the
child
throwing
up
they
even
show
the
kids
Bobby
I'm
not
going
to
show
that
now
because
it's
just
again
it's
unnecessary
no
one
needs
to
see
that
if
I
wanted
to
watch
casualty
Cole
I'd
watch
out
on
bbc1
I
wouldn't
actually
I
don't
have
a
TV
license
please
don't
find
me
I
want
to
show
you
the
last
bit
of
them
being
in
the
hospital
room
I
love
the
transition
here
Oh
got
the
babies
politic
blood
and
if
you
skip
literally
a
minute
later
the
rest
of
night
she
slept
good
woke
up
and
was
honestly
pretty
much
perfectly
fine
disaster
but
at
least
the
family
vacation
ended
right
you
wanted
to
look
after
the
kids
you
want
to
make
sure
she
was
all
right
no
no
the
vacation
keeps
on
going
I
was
honestly
pretty
much
perfectly
fine
we
think
it
might
miss
food
poisoning
the
fact
that
they
think
it's
food
poisoning
as
well
it's
a
panini
joke
I
knew
it
roads
provide
with
the
road
but
I
want
to
move
on
because
there's
more
members
of
the
lebrandt
family
that
I
haven't
actually
spoken
about
yet
there
are
a
load
of
videos
on
their
channel
about
their
new
puppy
as
this
cute
video
here
where
they
shave
all
of
the
puppies
hair
off
not
sure
why
anyone
would
prefer
that
over
that
that
you
do
you
will
never
understand
you
Americans
and
it
gets
a
bit
odd
with
our
puppy
had
to
have
a
last
minute
surgery
which
really
didn't
get
that
many
views
this
video
as
fast
my
ears
playing
basketball
together
first
surgery
I
can
tell
the
puppy
does
have
surgery
which
is
sad
but
the
dog
is
fine
at
the
end
of
it
so
yay
all
of
that
didn't
really
matter
because
unfortunately
the
dog
went
missing
I
say
unfortunately
but
the
LeBron
family
got
quite
a
few
views
out
of
it
our
puppy
has
been
missing
for
three
weeks
a
thumbnail
of
them
looking
sad
and
then
what
appears
to
be
an
in
memoriam
photo
of
the
dog
because
I
really
do
feel
like
now
again
I
don't
want
to
brush
over
this
because
it's
a
real
shame
this
has
happened
to
my
family
before
a
puppy
being
lost
for
three
weeks
I'm
not
gonna
lie
it's
probably
gone
which
is
really
sad
and
I'm
feel
sorry
especially
for
the
kids
here
and
there's
this
really
sad
moment
of
the
vlog
where
they
show
the
puppy
being
shown
around
people
on
everyone
being
really
happy
and
they
have
this
very
sad
music
in
the
background
this
video
is
a
plea
basically
asking
people
if
they've
seen
their
dog
who's
missing
yeah
in
the
video
they
say
that
usually
the
dogs
only
gone
for
one
hour
at
most
and
they
waited
three
weeks
to
make
this
video
they
think
that
someone's
taking
the
dog
and
not
givin
him
back
even
then
making
this
video
three
weeks
after
the
fact
I
don't
think
they're
gonna
give
the
dog
back
after
three
weeks
it
just
makes
me
feel
off
again
they
even
made
a
follow-up
video
which
I
don't
really
understand
what
we
think
really
happened
to
our
missing
puppy
Carl
I
think
Carl
is
just
a
bad
omen
of
a
name
never
name
a
pet
cause
I
just
don't
understand
why
couldn't
they
have
titled
it
based
on
a
new
baby
name
why'd
it
have
to
be
something
negative
again
but
it
seems
to
be
like
a
Q&A
video
videos
over
14
minutes
long
and
I
knew
from
the
get-go
that
the
bit
about
the
dog
would
be
right
at
the
end
for
watch
time
which
again
just
seems
gross
to
me
I
don't
know
what
they
were
expecting
you
waited
three
weeks
to
find
a
puppy
of
course
you're
only
going
to
get
the
fakes
because
by
three
weeks
there
is
literally
zero
chance
of
the
puppy
being
available
anymore
like
I
get
it
negativity
gets
clicks
a
lot
of
the
videos
I
make
people
will
always
assume
they're
negative
at
the
end
of
the
day
I
like
laughing
about
things
I
like
making
other
people
laugh
I
like
ripping
into
subjective
things
here
and
there
with
a
couple
of
means
because
it
makes
people
happy
but
other
you
know
this
video
I
just
feel
drained
we
get
it
bad
things
happen
bad
things
happen
to
everyone
your
dog
escaped
or
it
got
eaten
or
even
stolen
and
that's
an
awful
thing
and
I'm
very
sorry
for
that
it
doesn't
mean
that
you
should
label
every
single
video
you
make
with
the
negative
things
that
happen
those
days
there's
a
video
like
this
it's
so
long
after
the
fact
you're
making
it
seem
like
it's
an
ongoing
problem
just
because
you
know
people
are
emotionally
involved
in
a
cute
animal
and
they
will
probably
click
on
it
in
summary
family
channels
are
terrifying
do
not
trust
them
any
family
with
fam
and
a
quote
from
the
Bible
in
their
channel
manner
don't
even
look
in
their
general
direction
I'm
warning
you
anyway
yes
it's
rather
I
find
something
on
YouTube
that
actually
triggers
me
but
this
channel
cares
so
much
about
getting
5
million
views
of
video
they're
willing
to
brand
their
entire
family
and
private
life
of
such
negative
things
that
aren't
actually
happening
in
some
cases
even
this
hat
made
me
speak
so
eloquently
they're
good
up
James
Marriott
shop
and
also
this
hoodie
I
hope
you
have
enjoyed
this
video
if
you
have
please
leave
a
like
down
below
go
and
watch
this
bad
book
club
video
we're
still
here
if
you
laughs
next
week
we
have
a
new
bad
book
club
on
Jojo
seawalls
Burton
oh
you're
all
looking
forward
to
that
one
I'm
not
subscribed
to
your
new
or
habitants
already
and
I
will
catch
you
next
time


thanks to skillshare for supporting this episode of scishow space the first 1 000 people to click the link in the description can get a free trial of skillshare's premium membership [Music] it takes a huge amount of energy to keep the modern world running and given that there will likely be another 2 billion people on this planet by 2050 and we would like them to all have good qualities of lives our energy demand is only going to go up unfortunately the challenge of meeting this demand is also growing even now nearly 13 percent of people don't have reliable access to electricity and the fossil fuels we still rely on for most of our energy are not only catastrophically heating up our planet but also they will eventually run out luckily there could be a solution literally on the horizon in the form of solar panels launched into space solar panels have long seemed like a promising solution to our energy problem after all they convert basically endless radiation from the sun into electricity that we can use without polluting our planet but the world hasn't really gone solar yet and that's partly because there's a limit to how much solar energy we can collect on the surface of the earth solar panels can work well at low latitudes or during summer seasons whenever the sun is out and directly shining onto those panels but if the weather the season or the location aren't ideal solar panels aren't that efficient plus they only work during the day and they can't even make the most of the sun's energy because about 30 percent of the sunlight that shines on earth gets reflected by the atmosphere the best place to harness solar power would be somewhere free of all these limitations and nowhere is freer than space the idea of solar panels in space actually started out as sci-fi in 1941 the author isaac asmoff dreamed up the idea for a short story he was writing but around 25 years after that scientists started thinking seriously about the prospect in the late 1970s and early 80s the u.s invested quite a bit of time and money into researching how these so-called satellite power systems might work the basic idea was to build satellites with huge mirrors which would collect as much high-intensity sunlight as possible and redirect it into some kind of solar panel this light would then be converted into another form of electromagnetic radiation like microwaves or infrared laser light and beamed wirelessly back down to earth the benefit is that beams of light at these wavelengths would pass through the atmosphere much better than ordinary sunlight but wireless energy transfer from space still a little bit tricky for one thing beams spread out and dissipate over long distances also the transmitter and receiver would be constantly moving relative to one another still scientists have come up with two possible ideas for how to make this work the first is to beam down the collected energy with microwaves which can pass easily through the clouds and storms in earth's atmosphere and this would happen from a specific spot in earth's orbit scientists noticed in the 1960s that satellites in high orbits that kept pace with earth's rotation spent almost no time in earth's shadow so one of these so-called geosynchronous orbits would be an ideal place for solar power satellites this would also solve the issue of sending a beam to a moving target since satellites and geosynchronous orbits stay roughly in the same part of the sky as the earth rotates unfortunately this solution comes with a new challenge geosynchronous orbits are really high up like 35 000 kilometers above earth we do have some satellites there but this wouldn't just be any satellite to deliver a worthwhile amount of energy in the form of microwaves these satellites need a huge antenna and massive mirrors according to some designs they'd weigh about 80 000 tons with mirrors three kilometers in diameter just getting a single satellite of that size up to a geosynchronous orbit would take several rocket launches and it would be almost impossible to maintain or repair plus over such a long journey across space the beam would spread out significantly meaning the receiver on the ground would have to be several kilometers across to intercept it still the rewards could be enormous a single low-intensity beam of microwave energy from this type of satellite could supply several gigawatts of power which is enough to fuel a large city fortunately if the hurdles do end up making this one impractical there is another option and this one might be a little more feasible small laser-powered satellites orbiting much closer to earth it's much easier and cheaper to get a small satellite up 400 kilometers into a low earth orbit so engineers have come up with a small design that uses an infrared laser rather than microwaves to beam down their energy compared to microwaves these specific wavelengths of radiation wouldn't pass as easily through thick clouds and storms but they'd come with a lot of other benefits like at just 10 tons each they could easily be deployed with a single rocket launch plus they'd be much easier to assemble and repair also lasers naturally have super narrow beams which would stay fairly narrow over the much shorter distance to earth that means they could work with a much smaller receiver on the ground the catch is because of their smaller mirrors and the fact that they'd pass in and out of earth's shadow individual laser satellites could only deliver a few megawatts of energy so scientists think it would take an entire array of laser-powered satellites working together to make a significant impact on our energy needs so for now there are still some challenges to work through before space-based solar power can become a reality but it's not really the technology that's holding us back it's more the cost and the commitment at the moment several countries are actively trying to get solar power satellites off the ground including the uk and japan and in 2020 the us conducted the first solar power experiment in orbit engineers put a solar panel aboard a highly classified military drone that orbits 300 kilometers above the earth's surface to see how this tech would fare in space today it may still be some time before we can charge our homes wirelessly from space as easily as we charge our phones but the sci-fi future isaac asimov imagined 80 years ago isn't that far beyond our grasp and speaking of creative people this episode of scishow's face was brought to you by skillshare an online learning community where creative people can grow their skills if you're an artist you might enjoy nicholas smith's class artism about using art to heal systemic injustice skillshare is curated specifically for learning meaning there are no ads and they're always launching new premium classes so you can stay focused and follow wherever your creativity takes you a subscription costs less than 10 bucks a month and the first thousand people to click the link in the description will get a free trial of a premium membership and checking them out also supports us too so thanks


[Music]
we
built
computers
to
expand
our
brains
originally
scientists
built
computers
to
solve
arithmetic
but
they
turn
out
to
be
incredibly
useful
for
many
other
things
as
well
running
the
entire
internet
life
like
graphics
artificial
brains
or
simulating
the
universe
but
amazingly
all
of
it
boils
down
to
just
flipping
zeros
and
ones
computers
have
become
smaller
and
more
powerful
and
an
incredible
rate
there's
more
computing
power
in
your
cell
phone
than
there
was
in
the
entire
world
in
the
mid-1960s
and
the
entire
apollo
moon
landing
could
have
been
run
on
a
couple
of
nintendos
computer
science
is
a
subject
that
studies
what
computers
can
do
it's
a
diverse
and
overlapping
field
but
i'm
gonna
split
it
into
three
parts
the
fundamental
theory
of
computer
science
computer
engineering
and
applications
we'll
start
with
the
father
of
theoretical
computer
science
alan
turing
who
formalized
the
concept
of
a
turing
machine
which
is
a
simple
description
of
a
general
purpose
computer
people
came
up
with
other
designs
for
computing
machines
but
they're
all
equivalent
to
a
turing
machine
which
makes
it
the
foundation
of
computer
science
a
turing
machine
contains
several
parts
an
infinitely
long
tape
that's
split
into
cells
containing
symbols
there's
also
a
head
that
can
read
and
write
symbols
to
the
tape
a
state
register
that
stores
the
state
of
the
head
and
a
list
of
possible
instructions
in
today's
computers
the
tape
is
like
the
working
memory
or
ram
the
head
is
the
central
processing
unit
and
the
list
of
instructions
is
held
in
the
computer's
memory
even
though
a
turing
machine
is
a
simple
set
of
rules
it's
incredibly
powerful
and
this
is
essentially
what
all
computers
do
nowadays
although
our
computers
obviously
have
a
few
more
parts
like
permanent
storage
and
all
the
other
components
every
problem
that's
computable
by
a
turing
machine
is
computable
using
lambda
calculus
which
is
the
basis
of
research
in
programming
languages
computability
theory
attempts
to
classify
what
is
and
isn't
computable
there
are
some
problems
that
due
to
their
very
nature
can
never
be
solved
by
a
computer
a
famous
example
is
the
halting
problem
where
you
try
and
predict
whether
a
program
will
stop
running
or
carry
on
forever
there
are
programs
where
this
is
impossible
to
answer
by
a computer
or
a
human
many
problems
are
theoretically
solvable
but
in
practice
take
too
much
memory
or
more
steps
than
the
lifetime
of
the
universe
to
solve
and
computational
complexity
attempts
to
categorize
these
problems
according
to
how
they
scale
there
are
many
different
classes
of
complexity
and
many
classes
of
problem
that
fall
into
each
type
there
are
a lot
of
real
world
problems
that
fall
into
these
impossible
to
solve
categories
but
fortunately
computer
scientists
have
a
bunch
of
sneaky
tricks
where
you
can
fudge
things
and
get
pretty
good
answers
but
you'll
never
know
if
they're
the
best
answer
an
algorithm
is
a
set
of
instructions
independent
of
the
hardware
or
programming
language
designed
to
solve
a
particular
problem
it's
kind
of
like
a
recipe
of
how
to
build
a
program
and
a
lot
of
work
is
put
into
developing
algorithms
to
get
the
best
out
of
computers
different
algorithms
can
get
to
the
same
final
result
like
sorting
a
random
set
of
numbers
into
order
but
some
algorithms
are
much
more
efficient
than
others
this
is
studied
in
algorithmic
complexity
information
theorist
studies
the
properties
of
information
and
how
it
can
be
measured
stored
and
communicated
one
application
of
this
is
how
well
you
can
compress
data
making
it
take
up
less
memory
while
preserving
all
or
most
of
the
information
but
there
are
lots
of
other
applications
related
to
information
theory
is
coding
theory
and
cryptography
is
obviously
very
important
for
keeping
information
sent
over
the
internet
secret
there
are
many
different
encryption
schemes
which
scramble
data
and
usually
rely
on
some
very
complex
mathematical
problem
to
keep
the
information
locked
up
these
are
the
main
branches
of
theoretical
computer
science
although
there
are
many
more
that
i
didn't
have
time
to
go
into
like
logic
graph
theory
computational
geometry
automata
theory
quantum
computation
parallel
programming
formal
methods
and
data
structures
but
let's
move
on
to
computer
engineering
designing
computers
is
a
challenge
because
they
have
to
do
so
many
different
things
designers
need
to
try
and
make
sure
that
they're
capable
of
solving
many
different
kinds
of
problems
as
optimally
as
possible
every
single
task
that
runs
on
a
computer
goes
through
the
core
of
the
computer
the
cpu
when
you're
doing
lots
of
different
things
at
the
same
time
the
cpu
needs
to
switch
back
and
forth
between
these
jobs
to
make
sure
everything
gets
done
in
a
reasonable
time
this
is
controlled
by
a
scheduler
which
chooses
what
to
do
and
when
and
tries
to
get
through
the
tasks
in
the
most
efficient
way
which
can
be
a
very
difficult
problem
multi-processing
helps
speed
things
up
because
the
cpu
has
several
cores
that
can
execute
multiple
jobs
in
parallel
but
this
makes
the
job
of
the
scheduler
even
more
complex
computer
architecture
is
how
a
processor
is
designed
to
perform
tasks
and
different
architectures
are
good
at
different
things
cpus
are
general
purpose
gpus
are
optimized
for
graphics
and
fpgas
can
be
programmed
to
be
very
fast
at
a
very
narrow
range
of
task
on
top
of
the
raw
hardware
there
are
many
layers
of
software
written
by
programmers
using
many
different
programming
languages
a
programming
language
is
how
humans
tell
a
computer
what
to
do
and
they
vary
greatly
depending
on
the
job
at
hand
from
low-level
languages
like
assembly
through
to
high-level
languages
like
python
or
javascript
for
coding
websites
and
apps
in
general
the
closer
language
is
to
the
hardware
the
more
difficult
it
is
for
humans
to
use
at
all
stages
of
this
hierarchy
the
code
that
programmers
write
needs
to
be
turned
into
raw
cpu
instructions
and
this
is
done
by
one
or
several
programs
called
compilers
designing
programming
languages
and
compilers
is
a
big
deal
because
they
are
the
tool
that
software
engineers
use
to
make
everything
so
they
need
to
be
as
easy
to
use
as
possible
but
also
versatile
enough
to
allow
programmers
to
build
their
crazy
ideas
the
operating
system
is
the
most
important
piece
of
software
on
the
computer
is
it's
what
we
interact
with
and
it
controls
how
all
of
the
other
programs
are
run
on
the
hardware
and
engineering
a
good
operating
system
is
a
huge
challenge
this
brings
us
to
software
engineering
writing
bundles
of
instructions
telling
the
computer
what
to
do
building
good
software
is
an
art
form
because
you
have
to
translate
your
creative
ideas
into
these
logical
instructions
in
a
specific
language
make
it
as
efficient
as
possible
to
run
and
as
free
of
errors
as
you
can
so
there
are
many
best
practices
and
design
philosophies
that
people
follow
some
other
important
areas
are
getting
many
computers
to
communicate
and
work
together
to
solve
problems
storing
and
retrieving
large
amounts
of
data
determining
how
well
computer
systems
are
performing
at
specific
tasks
and
creating
highly
detailed
and
realistic
graphics
now
we
get
to
a
really
cool
part
of
computer
science
getting
computers
to
solve
real
world
problems
these
technologies
underlie
a
lot
of
the
programs
apps
and
websites
we
use
when
you're
going
on
vacation
you
want
to
get
the
best
trip
for
the
money
you're
solving
an
optimization
problem
optimization
problems
appear
everywhere
and
finding
the
best
path
or
most
efficient
combination
of
parts
can
save
businesses
millions
of
dollars
this
is
related
to
boolean
satisfiability
where
you
attempt
to
work
out
if
a
logic
formula
can
be
satisfied
or
not
this
was
the
first
problem
proved
to
be
np
complete
and
so
widely
considered
to
be
impossible
to
solve
but
amazing
development
of
new
sat
solvers
means
that
huge
sap
problems
are
solved
routinely
today
especially
in
artificial
intelligence
computers
extend
our
brains
and
multiply
our
cognitive
abilities
the
forefront
of
computer
science
research
is
developing
computer
systems
that
can
think
for
themselves
artificial
intelligence
there
are
many
avenues
that
ai
research
takes
the
most
prominent
of
which
is
machine
learning
which
aims
to
develop
algorithms
and
techniques
to
enable
computers
to
learn
from
large
amounts
of
data
and
then
use
what
they've
learned
to
do
something
useful
like
make
decisions
or
classify
things
and
there
are
many
different
types
of
machine
learning
closely
related
are
fields
like
computer
vision
trying
to
make
computers
able
to
see
objects
in
images
like
we
do
which
uses
image
processing
techniques
natural
language
processing
aims
to
get
computers
to
understand
and
communicate
using
human
language
or
to
process
large
amounts
of
data
in
the
form
of
words
for
analysis
this
commonly
uses
another
field
called
knowledge
representation
where
data
is
organized
according
to
their
relationships
like
words
with
similar
meanings
are
clustered
together
machine
learning
algorithms
have
improved
because
of
the
large
amount
of
data
we
give
them
big
data
looks
at
how
to
manage
and
analyze
large
amounts
of
data
and
get
value
from
it
and
we'll
get
even
more
data
from
the
internet
of
things
adding
data
collection
and
communications
to
everyday
objects
hacking
is
not
a
traditional
academic
discipline
but
definitely
worth
mentioning
trying
to
find
weaknesses
and
computer
systems
and
take
advantage
of
them
without
being
noticed
computational
science
uses
computers
to
help
answer
scientific
questions
from
fundamental
physics
to
neuroscience
and
often
makes
use
of
super
computing
which
throws
the
way
to
the
world's
most
powerful
computers
of
very
large
problems
often
in
the
area
of
simulation
then
there
is
human
computer
interaction
which
looks
at
how
to
design
computer
systems
to
be
easy
and
intuitive
to
use
virtual
reality
augmented
reality
and
telepresence
enhancing
or
replacing
our
experience
of
reality
and
finally
robotics
which
gives
computers
a
physical
embodiment
from
a
roomba
to
trying
to
make
intelligent
human-like
machines
so
that
is
my
map
of
computer
science
a
field
that's
still
developing
as
fast
as
it
ever
has
despite
the
fact
that
the
underlying
hardware
is
hitting
some
hard
limits
as
we
struggle
to
miniaturize
transistors
anymore
so
lots
of
people
are
working
on
other
kinds
of
computers
to
try
and
overcome
this
problem
computers
have
had
an
absolutely
huge
impact
on
human
society
so
it's
going
to
be
interesting
to
see
where
this
technology
goes
in
the
next
hundred
years
who
knows
perhaps
one
day
we'll
all
be
computers
as
per
usual
if
you
want
to
get
hold
of
this
map
as
a
poster
i've
made
it
available
so
check
in
the
description
below
for
some
links
and
also
if
you
want
to
find
out
more
about
computer
science
i
recommend
you
check
out
the
sponsor
for
this
video
brilliant.org
people
often
ask
me
how
to
go
about
learning
more
about
the
kind
of
subjects
i
cover
in
these
videos
and
as
well
as
watching
videos
a
really
great
way
is
to
get
down
and
solve
some
real
problems
and
brilliant
does
an
excellent
job
at
this
it's
a
really
cool
website
and
also
an
app
which
helps
you
learn
by
getting
you
to
solve
interesting
problems
in
science
mathematics
and
computer
science
and
each
of
the
courses
starts
off
kind
of
easy
and
fun
and
then
gets
more
and
more
challenging
as
you
master
the
concepts
if
you
want
to
learn
specifically
about
computer
science
they've
got
whole
courses
built
around
topics
in
this
video
like
logic
algorithms
machine
learning
artificial
intelligence
so
if
you
want
to
check
that
out
just
type
in
brilliant.org
slash
d
o
s
or
even
better
click
the
link
in
the
description
below
because
that
lets
them
know
that
you've
come
from
here
so
thanks
again
for
watching
and
i'll
be
back
soon
with
a
new


this video is made possible by Nord VP M here you are browsing YouTube that's pretty safe but shopping online can be risky those stories you hear of people having their data stolen it does happen that is of course unless you protect yourself with a VPN if you ever use public Wi-Fi spots you should always have naud VPN just running in the background keeping your safe or maybe you just want to watch some TV or some other geo restricted content that isn't available when you're in another country well Nord VPN allow you to fix that to you just click the country you want to appear in and boom Wow there you are indeed Nord VPN is the only VPN to get a perfect score from PC Mag so start protecting your internet experience today with 70% off a three year plan plus a month for free by using the code biographic s-- at Nord VPN comm forward slash buyer graphics and let's get into it now I know here are by graphics we're not covering them in chronological order but one at a time we are covering the most interesting ones and yes of course I'm talking about Roman emperors Roman emperors we're men who wielded immense power in a wide variety of ways some were good military leaders some ruled fairly and openly to the benefit of their citizens some were a destructive force at the center of plots conspiracies and murder today's protagonist what he was all of the above in many ways he was a puzzling man he was not born to become an emperor and when he did become one he appeared reluctance and spent almost half his reign and self-imposed exile this is the story of Tiberius a second Roman Emperor Tiberius Julius Caesar was born on November the 16th in the year 42 BCE this was two years after the assassination of Julius Caesar and young Tiberius his childhood would carry on under the shadow of the civil war that followed as his father's name was Tiberius Claudius Nero and his mother was called Olivia Drusilla Tiberius senior had been an officer and a Julius Caesar but had sided with Mark Antony for this reason the young family lived in exile constantly in fear of having their hands tongues or the body parts handed back to them by Caesar Augustus the historian Suetonius renowned for his prose and his body odor wrote this of Tiberius as early years his childhood and youth were beset with hardships and difficulties because narrow and Livia took him wherever they went in their flight from Augustus for example when the family was hiding in Naples Octavian's men broke into the city and they had to make a quiet escape through the port but the infant Tiberius he cried so loudly that he nearly betrayed the whole party often Naples the family moved to Sicily and eventually to Sparta but or Gustus he still would not let go and during a nighttime escape Livia scorched her hair while running through a forest fire bucket Eva the toddler when he turns three or Gustus proclaimed amnesty for all the conspirators the family returned to Rome in 39 BCE upon which Livia took a leaf from her husband's book and pulled a switcheroo she divorced Tiberius narrow and set her eyes on a new husband that could grant a rosy future for her and her son and for all Gustus three months after their marriage Livia delivered another son Drusus if for a moment he thought the father was Octavian that would make Livia a porcupine the gestation period bottom line is under in 12 days and dresses a premature baby porcupine Tiberius his baby brother had in fact been conceived with Tiberius senior this is important Livia had no children with Octavian which meant that she had to work extra hard to secure the advancement of her sons in point of fact Octavian Augustus had been preparing for his own two grandsons Gaius Caesar and Lucius Caesar to succeed him Gaius and Lucius were the sons of Augustus's daughter Julia and Augustus's right-hand man Marcus Agrippa even though the parents of the two boys were alive and kicking or Gustus had decided to adopt them to their to groom them for succession a common practice at that time Livia's efforts to supplant the order of succession seemed to pay dividends in his early adolescence Tiberius had the privilege to organize some gladiatorial games in the forum more importantly was allowed to ride on Augustus's chariot at his tram following the Battle of Actium at age 18 Tiberias was appointed Questor an entry-level magistrate with the responsibility of collecting taxes or even recruiting soldiers in conquered territories his skill and energy it soon led to a military command [Music] in the 22 BC a twenty-year-old Tiberius was dispatched to Iberia as a tribunal attic hobbies' an officer who served as second in command to the legatus the head of the Legion in this function he served in the northern region of Cantabria the locals had rebelled against Rome and Tiberius restored peace by decimating them this success in Spain granted him a more prestigious assignment Tiberius was now put at the head of a legions sent to Armenia in 20 BC to install a king friendly to Rome the neighbouring path Ian's who would be modern-day Iranian 's were not amused and threatened war Tiberius displayed some good negotiating skills agreeing to a compromise a neutral King would rule Armenia making it a buffer state between Rome and Parthia in exchange the Parthian x' would return three legionary battle standards seized from marcus crassus at the Battle of kaho Tiberias returns a room with three Eagles and was hailed as a hero in 19 BCE Tiberius married his first wife that say Nia whom he loved dearly and I realized by calling her his first wife we sort of just spoiled what's about to come next according to Suetonius visalia was the daughter of Marcus Agrippa and who was a Griffith wife well Julia that's daughter of Gustus all right so I've done a little bit of maths for you Julia was born in 39 BC and she married a gripper in 21 BC she was age 18 so far so good Agrippa died in the year 12 BC in those nine years they were married and these two would have a total of five children with one of them being that Sonya based on this timeline that Sonya - when she married Tiberius Suetonius does not offer clarity so I'm going to assume and hope that that Sonya was a daughter from a previous marriage and that the name just ran in the family another name that ran in the family was drusus Tiberius his brother when the newlyweds had a son they two names their child Drusus because I mean why Jews a new name and miss a chance to complicate a historians work but what historians do get right as the military campaigns we do know that Tiberius is military adventures continued in 15 BC when he joins little brother drusus in Gore as Suetonius described it the long-haired province here are feuds between Gaelic chieftains and considerable unrest but Tiberius brought his own brand of Iberian peace after that he fought in the Alps Austria and Germany during these campaigns he ensured that the local population bends the knee to Rome securing the northern borders of the empire during his campaign in Germany he captured some 40,000 German prisoners whom he forcibly relocated in Gaul to put an end to their constant revolts eight centuries later Charmaine would supply the exact same tactic to quash the Saxons all the while mother Livia had continued her nationai shion's to ensure the career progression of Tiberius she had set her eye on the highest prize succession to the throne of emperor Tiberius went along with these schemes though we don't know how much of it he participated in voluntarily in 12 BC Augustus agreed to consider him a successor but only if Tiberius would divorce his beloved wife and marry Julia recently widowed Tiberius was not happy about this pursed lips Sonya was pregnant again and he also knew of Julia's adulterous past even Augustus knew of her adulterous past heck all of Rome knew her adulterous past surely men weren't Saints either but you know double standards hardly a recent invention Julia in fact had even tried to seduce time areas while she was still married to his father-in-law Agrippa so yes this makes Julia his step mother-in-law trying to seduce him well I guess we're just in full soap-opera mode now the throne was the throne and eventually Tiberius relented marrying Julia neither of them was particularly happy about the union but initially they tried to make it work over time though Tiberius began to Luther when their first and only child died in infancy he completely retreated from her [Music] Tiberius did more than just retreat he went into a voluntary exile on the islands of Rhodes in six BCE Julia went on to have an affair with Mark Antony's son and this was politically dangerous eventually august's banished her from Rome in two BCE the relationship with Julia may have been the main reason for his exile but even Suetonius is not sure another theory is related to Augustus's grandchildren gasps and Lucius they had now come of age and Siberia's did not want to stand in the way of their lawful succession the implication here is that he was a reluctant aspiring Emperor to say the least during his self-imposed time in Rhodes Tiberius visited the sick worked as magistrate and mingled with the locals he also attended philosophy lectures and debates which could occasionally get loud and out of hands during one of these debates he was accused by a students of supporting one philosopher over another instead of mounting a well-reasoned comeback the normally unflappable Tiberius went home only to return with some gods he had the loudmouth seized and sent to the jail after the first few years of voluntary exile Tiberius started regretting his decision he longed to return home but Augustus would not give his permission slanderous rumors had started circulating apparently the exile as he was now known was plotting against the Emperor eventually it was Gaius who convinced his grandfather to yield and Tiberius was allowed back home to Rome into seee on one condition Tiberius renounce all interest in politics and lead and a political life this would prove to be difficult being barely set foot in Rome when Lucius younger of the Emperor's has died of an illness while traveling to Iberia a year in half later the older Prince Gaius died from wounds received in Armenia or Gustus was now left with one male descendant Agrippa posthumous youngest son of Julia is still a boy four months later Augustus formally adopted Tiberius a clear sign that Tiberius would be his principal successor but for the moment the Emperor had other plans Tiberius was needed in Germany in the ensuing campaigns the Valerius general Tiberius quashed another rebellion then moved to Bohemia Pannonia and Dalmatia to deal with further interactions when he was about to celebrate his well won triumph snoozers reached of the terrible catastrophe at the Teutoburg forest in 9c II in which Germanic tribes had annihilated the three legions of general Varro Tiberius returned to Germany for two more expeditions alongside his nephew Germanicus but Augustus had wisely decided not to expand further into those lands in the year 14c Tiberius was about to depart but yet another campaign when he was summoned by or Gustus the terminally ill Emperor asked him not to leave it was clear to type areas that succession was around the corner this was the moments that his mother Livia had been waiting for Augustus clearly valued Tiberius as administrative and military skills yet he disliked his dour somber character so areas had a quiet inscrutable demeanor but could unleash retribution when least expected after their last meeting August's gasped poor Rome doomed to be masticated by those slow-moving jaws when Augustus died apparently Tiberius and Livia did not break the news immediately this is disputed but Livia may have ordered the assassination of the young Agrippa the remaining living grandson of Augustus according to this version after Livia got rid of the competition Tiberius summons of the Senate and announced the death of the Emperor this meeting was a strange affair Tiberius started a speech but could not go on claiming that grief had robbed him of his voice and that he wished his life would also be taken the Senate then read or justices will in which he made clear that Tiberius was only his third choice of emperor behind Gaius and Lucius when the Senate formally asked him if he wanted to take the mantle he visibly hesitated and remained silent he did accept eventually becoming the new emperor but leaving an impression that he was doing so only reluctantly this may be true after all it was Olivia's main goal not his he had proved to be more at ease with military rather than civilian life and was framed to seek isolation for long periods according to other interpretations Tiberius was just trying to emulate or Gustus this is exactly what August's would have done feint humility before accepting the highest possible honors as an emperor Tiberius his first act was to rescind the allowance for his estranged wife Julia the results were brutal Julia died of malnutrition as a result this was a typical example of tiberius ability to exact cold and calculated retribution on his enemies whenever he needed to his first years in power however was stable prosperous and peaceful to Roman citizens this may have been a consequence of Tiberius getting rid of his rather scheming mother Livia according to historian Cassius Dio Livia did not miss a chance to declare that she was who had made Tiberius Emperor not only did she wish to rule in equal terms with him that she wanted her decisions do take precedence over his tribe areas Seward once been a pawn in her hands warns Livia not to interfere in the running of the state removing her from any public affairs he refrains from having any future contact with her Tiberius initiated a series of public works while always keeping an eye on expenses they tried to maintain a good relationship with a Senate respecting their authority but his colds and impenetrable personality did not gain him any friends and he became increasingly unpopular his polar opposite was his nephew Germanicus by now his adopted son Jim Anika's was popular well-liked and apparently would have been the choice for Emperor in many generals Minds Tiberius had reason to fear a coup from Germanicus the young officer however always voiced his support of Tiberius on the 10th of October Germanicus died in Antioch after a brief illness his body showed potential signs of poisoning his wife was Agri Pina the elder who was also a granddaughter of Augustus Agri Pina immediately accused Tiberius of having ordered the assassination of Germanicus according to her Tiberius had exploited the enmity between Germanicus in Wonka næss piso a former governor of Syria who had been ousted by the young general Pisa was tired in Rome and despite his appeals to Tiberius he was forced to commit suicide forced suicide was a form of capital punishment sometimes used in Imperial Rome another notable victim being philosopher Seneca during Nero's reign Agra Pina was not satisfied with Peters execution she made it clear to the Emperor that with Germanicus dead her three sons nero caesar Drusus caesar and Gaius Julius Caesar also had a claim to the throne treati character Tiberius did not react initially even took a liking to the boys but in Suetonius version of the events he took action at a later stage if us brought about all sorts of false charges against the two eldest when they dared complain he had the marked as public enemies by the Senate this led to their incarceration and eventual death Nero was forced to commit suicide and Drusus was stopped death the boy was so hungry that he eventually started eating as mattress of Germanic as the sons only gas would survive and he was actually welcomed into the various household guys used to wear a miniature uniform while on campaign with his father hence the surname little boots or Caligula we actually have a video about him by the way so go and watch it later just not quite yet there are some more conspiracies coming the death of Jamaica's brought a change to Tiberius as personality according to Casillas do he became increasingly cruel toward those who were suspected of plotting against him he was inexorable slaves were tortured to make them testify against their own masters Suetonius agreed with the change of demeanour Tiberius did so many other wicked deeds under the pretext of reforming public morals but in reality it was to gratify his lust for seeing people suffer during this period Tiberius became best buddies with an officer of the Legion Lucius alias say honest eventually he appointed in prefect or commander of the Praetorian Guard this was the elite corps tasked with protecting the Emperor and his family say as Gruen standing becoming the chief advisor and confidant of Tiberius Tiberius gradually withdrew from the day-to-day running of the empire delegating many decisions to see Ana's sianis started seeing himself as the next Emperor and began to view versus son of Tiberius and the senior is a natural rival in order to strike at him say honest hit races where it hurt the most he began to have an affair with his wife Lavinia drusus died in 23c II by poisoning it is very likely that he was killed by si honest and Lavinia this was not immediately evident though and the grieving ty very has launched a harsh investigation to find the culprits he became so enraged and ruthless that according to Suetonius he once mistook a friendly visitor from Rhodes as a key witness he had him seized interrogated even tortured when it was clear that the poor guy just popped in to say Ave Tiberius had him executed to silence the scandal by 25c say honest had grown the strength of the Praetorian Guard to twelve thousand men had golden statues of him erected around Rome next he embarked on a series of treason trials to weed out any possible opposition by this point many Romans they were living in fear adalah Villiers in systems say honest divorced his wife and left his children the couple then appealed to dive areas for permission to marry that Tiberius denied the request Tiberius grew more and more distant from the affairs of the Empire as he had done years before he decided to withdraw into a second virtual ex arm this time moving to the Isle of Capri in 26 sieep this did not call his thirst for blood according to Suetonius now I should specify that Suetonius himself used as sources the memoirs of Agri Pina the younger who was she well she was the daughter of Janaka so writings may have kinda been anti Tiberius during the years in Capri Tiberius had countless alleged conspirators thrown to their death from the rocks high above the sea in one famous incidents a fisherman with a huge mullet visited Tiberius not talking about the hairstyle here rather the fish he was bringing the fish as present Tiberius was so scared and paranoid that he ordered his guards to rub the fisherman's face with the mullet the scales skinned it roar in the poor guy shouted thank heaven I did not bring Caesar that huge crab I also caught however though this was a mistake because Tiberius then send for the haven't had it used in the same way in the year 29 news reached I've areas that his mother Livia had died aged 86 she had been suffering from a long illness but Tiberius had never visited her even in death he basically ignored her and made no arrangements at all in her honor except for the bare minimum a public funeral which he did not attend this is according to historian Tacitus another guy we should also take come grano Salis as he was staunchly pro senate and wary of imperial power he wrote that Tiberius excused himself from the funeral on the ground of the pressure of business two years later Caligula moved Capri to live with Tiberius if the reports from our ancient historians are true then we could say that the future Mad ruler Caligula may have learned a trick or two from the Tiberius playbook of cruelty but in some cases his ruthlessness may have actually had a point in the same year 31 CEC honest and Lavinia announced their betrothal they would go ahead with or without imperial permission live in Lea's mother Antonio Minor wrote Tiberius and informed him that the lovebirds had a plan to murder him and young Caligula Tiberius rush back to Rome and appeared before the Senate demanding that si Ana's be subject to trial sionis was lured to the Senate and forced to answer to the accusations of conspiracy to commit murder under the Emperor's influence it was a swift trial if the praetorian guard was found guilty and condemned to death but not just any death si honest was strangled and thrown into an assembled mob who tore his limbs apart and that his remains to the dogs his sons and followers were also executed Lavinia was also put to death with what I now believe to be Tiberius is favorite modus operandi starvation her own mother Antonia made sure that she did not eat anything the reclusion of Tiberius in Capri became a full-time status in his later years now in his 70s an increasingly ill he attempted to return to Rome only twice after the trial of Si honest on the first occasion he was traveling by trireme up the Tiber but upon seeing the city walls from a distance he ordered the captain to return to Capri in the second occasion he was traveling by lands when he noticed that his pet snake had been eaten alive by ants interpreting this is an omen of mob rebellion he retreated once again Tiberius died on March the 16th in the year 37 seee at the age of 77 in their venomous I may have been poison administered by a new Praetorian prefect with help from Caligula upon hearing of his death the Romans according to Suetonius yelled to the Tiber with tiny arias kasia's do in a more balanced account simply wrote thus Tiberius who possessed a great many virtues and great many vices and followed each set in turn as if the other did not exist passed away in this fashion on the 26th day of March about from getting the date ROM Casius summarizes the lights and shadows of the reign and personality of Tiberius as we have seen today top areas had a cold and calculating intellect he could be a good leader of men in the field but was often uneasy when it came to networking with political class he alternated periods of intense paranoid and psychotic activity with total withdrawal from society he was a puzzle within a mystery to his contemporaries but can we do something to better understand him well two of his successors Caligula and Claudius have been analyzed and diagnosed as potentially having bipolar disorder Tiberius Caligula and Claudius were all related having common ancestors in Libya and Tiberius senior considering that this disorder can be hereditary could it be possible that also Tiberius had the same affliction I won't offer any conclusion here I'll just leave it up to you in the comments so I really do hope you enjoyed that video please do smash that like button if you did and also subscribe to this channel when your subscribing hit the notification bell also I've got another channel called Geographics it's sort of like bio graphics except instead of being about people it's about places if you like this sort of stuff please do check it out and as always thank you for watching


this video is brought to you by Paterson car care get double the premium detail product for half the price head over to Paterson car care calm or go to the link in the description below [Music] see controls on the door automatically means luxury Mercury Marauder this is a Mercury Marauder now the mercury brand is gone it is completely gone disintegrated and it basically was the same era where big automotive companies from America really needed to start cutting cost if you don't know what mercury is it was the brand between Ford and Lincoln so you have Ford Mercury then Lincoln so you're supposed to kind of step up to mercury as a luxury car and then go into the Lincoln which is more expensive now as you can see I have all the room in the world I'm using my Panasonic G try with the wide-angle lens and I decided to zoom it all the way out just to show you how much space I have in here also have you've ever been at a Grand Victoria I hope you haven't been in the backseat of one for obvious reasons the Mercury Marauder has a very comfortable interior and I love these seats do they have leather that wears out over time yes but are they comfortable extremely I could drive this car a very long time and not break a sweat it's quiet it's smooth and honestly I'm utterly shocked that it actually handles pretty decent the Panther chassis which is the chassis on the Crown Victoria they are very tough vehicles but we're not here to talk about the Crown Victoria what makes the Marauder special one you don't see many of them they're pretty rare and at the same time this has a very similar motor to the Mach 1 Mustang so this is a four valve v8 4.6 liter rather than the two valve 4.6 that's in the Crown Victoria and also the Mustang GT from 1994 to 0-4 so the sn95 generation all of that that is what shared with the Crown Victoria more this is kind of its own thing this is more like a Mach 1 or a Cobra and if you're not familiar with the Mach 1 an easier explanation is the Mach one's engine is essentially the Terminator Cobras engine without a blower but does not as beefed up done for it at the time was making all these duds they made pretty bad cars and then they came out and made the Terminator Cobra which is unbelievably good interiors not good but everything else is unbelievably good and yet they also built this which on paper as a business decision makes absolutely no sense 99% of people who come up to this car still think it's a Crown Vic with different badges or they call it a Lincoln they completely forget that mercury even existed and let's not forget Edsel that was another Ford brand that uh that failed it was pretty awkward so the Marauder also has a moving pedal box there's a button right on the dash where I could scoot the pedals up and down this isn't a Dodge Viper or something where you can crank it up and back this is just what that's amazing also we have sea controls on the door just like a modern Mercedes all of the window switches are from that early 2000 era Ford where they use parts been essentially a ton of the parts in here are from other cars Mustangs explorers etc they just typically used a lot of the same - pieces same clock same radios that good stuff I wonder how far you can lean this seat back am i going off camera I don't know yet how tall people feel is this terrible another vehicle that for it makes that this car reminds me of it's a truck afford lightning because it doesn't really have a truly large center console it just feels like you're in open air and these ghost flames or on the car when he bought it so don't blame him the Marauders are either in usually very rough shape or they're in immaculate condition with the guy that has the freakin sticker on it still the price of the car the steering wheel is very goofy looking though I will say you already go it sounds good dude this thing sounds gnarly I'm really starting to like this car it was so fun to see the Marauder drive around because it had that aggressive font on the back of its bumper is it Marauder golly dude this thing is quick dude I'm not saying it's you know extraordinarily fast but the sound you get from this it's so satisfying like if you feel it in your bones [Music] Wow that last shift is so intense the whole card is bucks forward a common misconceptions that people come up go oh it's just a Crown Victoria with the quote-unquote police chip first of all the police chip wasn't that common or really a thing it was more about the gearing they put in the Crown Victorias the Marauder was Ford's ultimate sleeper at the time this was their sleeper and they just kind of got swept under the rug now a lot of people know about these cars I literally feel like I'm driving a Mustang Mach 1 just in a much more comfortable interior okay stop barking stop car oh my god dude what broke loose whoa it shifted to the next gear and bam there's also a shorter rear-end deers in it and it's really changed how the car drives look I barely get on it and it turned into a muscle car so unfortunately this car did need a head gasket at one point and to do the head gasket unfortunately the entire motor has to come out it's just too hard to access the valve covers that's why nothing looks modified with the valve covers you have to take out the motor in order to do a head gasket if you end up with that problem fortunately with these four valves one will last forever and then another one well-well not but people repair these cars because they believe they're special even though most people don't unlike an unfallen Tara Lee backseat trip in a Crown Victoria the Marauder I would like to sit back there there's plenty of room it feels luxurious it would be an enjoyable ride to ride in the back of a Marauder the materials for the time of this car Ford interiors were pretty bad but this one is definitely better than a ton of interiors that they made during this era this whole dash is this very flat plain you can really soak in the information without looking for everything everything is exactly where you think and want it to be you touch the dash right here and it feels nice it doesn't feel really cheap but you know I'm just going around town intimidating people with my ghost flames in my Marauder whoa that shifts so hard goodness gracious another interesting thing is that the o2 Mustang g/t that was my first car it had the exact same shifter essentially down here in the center console but at the time a lot of Ford vehicles were still column shifter cars so that probably felt like a nice thing at the time a nice touch at the time that was different from going like this see I expected this car to be a handful I expected it to be all over the place with body roll and everything else the thing is that this does handle better than a Crown Vic with no doubt about it the brakes are a little soft and kind of unforgiving as you go down hills you definitely need to brake earlier than you typically need to with a traditional new performance car I would say the Mercury Marauder is Ford's sleeper hit that sat between the first generation and second generation Taurus sh oh Sh Oh didn't come back yet so they basically took this platform the Panther platform which is proven and made it faster if you're looking though for a marauder they're hard to find not only that people want quite a bit of money for them but their market is very unpredictable worth something one day and then you're in the red the next day so as a business investment probably not very smart but when it comes to an investment of fun and having something that almost nobody else has I think this thing is really cool he sounds so good I can't get my head around it I've gotten through some corners that are sharper than they were before and also a little bit more banked the body rolls starting to show up but it's not as bad as I expected I thought it was going to be having an input moving the wheel all over the place in order to make this work but now I'm still able to talk to you do my review and not be paranoid about flipping a car over when you hit the brakes the whole car likes to snap and squat like this Wow crazy just rode through the gears if I close my eyes somebody said David what car are you riding in right now I would say Mach 1 100% the Mach 1 and the Terminator have this very signature sound to them because those motors were never made again with that sound you're gonna assume that it's the Mustang not this Rock On Dude lately I've been doing cars that are obscure and weird and for me it's extremely refreshing I feel very lucky that people are offering me to drive these very weird and passionate builds but to me the Marauder is up there as one of the most cult following cars that people forgot about but also overlooked in Fords automotive history what do you guys think of the Mercury Marauder are you sad that it's gone do you think they should try and redo another Marauder with I don't know at Aris plot oh wait the tars is gone isn't it okay let's just say hypothetically the tourists still existed would you have wanted to see a tourist Marauder that would be kind of sick if it was like all blocked out and everything somebody should just like make a rendering or something that'd be cool but on side note what do you think about the Marauder what do you think of its legacy or lack thereof legacy let me know in the comments also by the way if you enjoy my videos you enjoy my content definitely make sure to check out Paterson Car Care comm it is the perfect place to get your detailed product and also you get double of the premium detail product for half the price it's an all original formula so you won't be disappointed and at the same time if you're interested I have a private that dude in blue discord server and I'll put that in the link description below thank you guys so much for watching this video I upload every Tuesday Thursday and Saturday and I will see you guys next time and take it easy have a wonderful day goodbye


[Music]
hey
everyone
today
we're
doing
a
tear
down
of
the
new
valve
steam
deck
we
already
have
a
full
hardware
review
on
the
channel
it's
got
crazy
dab
so
you
should
go
check
it
out
if
you
haven't
we
did
everything
from
schlieren
imaging
to
the
more
expected
thermals
with
some
cfd
diagrams
in
there
as
well
so
our
testing
looks
at
the
power
the
battery
life
the
charging
duration
the
noise
levels
the
thermals
the
airflow
density
gradient
change
out
of
the
back
of
the
steam
deck
and
plenty
more
check
that
out
linked
in
the
description
below
but
now
we're
going
to
take
this
apart
at
least
for
camera
we've
already
taken
it
apart
for
wiring
up
all
the
thermocouples
but
this
is
a
different
unit
we're
planning
to
show
you
some
of
the
component
level
stuff
and
get
under
the
motherboard
as
well
which
we
haven't
shown
publicly
yet
so
hopefully
provide
some
additional
context
to
how
valve
designed
this
and
go
through
some
of
the
details
of
things
like
the
mosfet
vrm
components
the
voltage
controller
and
a
couple
other
aspects
of
the
design
before
that
this
video
is
brought
to
you
by
evga's
x570
dark
motherboard
the
evga
x570
dark
is
a
high-end
motherboard
for
am4
cpus
built
around
extreme
overclocking
and
tested
heavily
by
evga's
kin
pen
the
x570
dark
has
a
uniquely
rotated
socket
and
ram
layout
90
degree
rotated
cables
for
ease
of
installation
and
management
and
tons
of
troubleshooting
features
to
make
building
testing
and
overclocking
easier
check
out
evga's
x570
dark
high
end
motherboard
at
the
link
in
the
description
below
okay
so
we're
going
to
start
with
a
walk
around
of
the
steam
deck
and
look
at
the
chassis
design
and
some
of
the
things
like
ventilation
ports
how
the
thermals
are
designed
not
going
to
do
the
full
detailed
overview
of
this
because
we
already
did
that
it's
in
our
first
video
we'll
link
it
below
and
we'll
timestamp
it
you
could
just
jump
straight
there
and
get
the
full
detail
where
for
example
we'll
explain
this
computational
fluid
dynamics
diagram
and
some
of
the
airflow
patterns
that
the
steam
deck
is
trying
to
achieve
and
then
how
well
it
thermally
achieves
them
at
sort
of
a
practical
level
or
pragmatic
level
measuring
the
devices
so
anyway
the
steam
deck
is
designed
very
specifically
obviously
one
for
ergonomics
which
we're
not
going
to be
talking
about
today
not
evaluating
here
and
then
two
is
for
reducing
the
form
factor
as
much
as
possible
and
keeping
the
ability
to
cool
things
like
the
key
components
so
before
we
really
get
started
on
the
teardown
just
quick
sort
of
reference
point
comparison
that's
the
steam
deck
uh
the
original
switch
is
that
one
so
that's
the
nintendo
switch
and
then
the
newer
switch
oled
model
is
this
one
this
actually
austin
evans
shipped
to
us
thank
you
austin
we
weren't
able
to
get
one
earlier
and
it
even
came
with
one
of
his
fingerprints
on
the
screen
so
that
i
can
log
into
his
phone
now
so
that's
the
size
comparison
the
screen's
a little
bit
different
on
these
uh
that
was
a little
different
but
otherwise
you
kind
of
get
the
idea
the
steam
deck
is
a
fairly
large
device
we'll
talk
about
the
ergonomics
of
it
separately
and
in
the
future
but
we
did
want
to
at
least
just
sort
of
give
everyone
perspective
what
we're
working
on
today
let's
go
ahead
and
just
take
it
apart
this
seems
straightforward
enough
we
are
going
to
be
working
on
the
gn
volt
mod
map
today
this
is
our
large
modmat
they
are
in
stock
and
shipping
now
we
sell
through
these
really
fast
and
all
the
time
it's
got
two
anti-static
grounding
straps
on
it
and
it's
actually
a
validated
anti-static
conductive
surface
so
that's
right
this
is
one
we've
tested
it's
not
just
marketing
bs
like
is
sadly
on
a
lot
of
the
mats
that
are
on
the
market
where
they're
basically
mouse
pads
with
a
grounding
strap
on
them
a
mouse
pad's
an
insulator
that
doesn't
do
anything
it's
terrible
that
they
do
that
but
uh
that's
what
they
do
so
this
is
a
grounded
work
surface
we're
actually
going
to
be
really
careful
here
with
the
steam
decks
because
i
still
need
to
do
a
lot
of
work
on
their
pre-production
units
we're
not
going
to be
able
to
get
more
so
i
don't
want
to
kill
it
from
a
stupid
reason
that's
why
we're
working
on
this
surface
and
you
can
grab
one
on
store.camerasex.net
they're
in
stock
and
shipping
they
have
screw
tracking
diagrams
the
grid
and
they've
got
pin
out
diagrams
for
cabling
if
you
do
work
on
computers
as
well
also
a
great
way
to
support
us
okay
let's
get
started
there's
two
types
of
screws
in
the
back
there
are
eight
total
screws
and
as
stated
this
is
pre-production
but
it
represents
the
final
sample
so
this
is
what
you'll
see
on
yours
is
that
these
four
outer
screws
are
much
larger
they
have
the
more
coarse
thread
that's
meant
for
plastic
and
you'll
see
that
let's
get
a
comparison
of
these
two
so
we
pan
over
here
to
the
grid
i'll
set
them
up
okay
mother
okay
i
was
able
to
get
the
screws
to
stand
up
that
was
the
hardest
part
so
far
uh
i
don't
know
how
you
see
it
this
one's
a
coarser
thread
the
longer
screw
and
that
goes
into
the
plastic
so
if
you're
taking
this
out
putting
it
back
in
just
be
aware
that
you'll
destroy
the
threads
it
creates
if
you
do
it
wrong
don't
you
can
make
any
screw
fit
in
these
holes
but
uh
you're
gonna
have
different
holes
at
the
end
of
it
if
you
force
those
in
so
it's
just
two
more
last
screw
this
is
a
battery
operated
device
that
means
the
very
first
step
is
we
need
to
disconnect
the
battery
because
it'll
still
have
a
charge
and
if
i
were
to
drag
this
screwdriver
across
components
in
there
drag
it
across
two
legs
of
an
integrated
circuit
or
mosfet
or
something
it's
always
a
chance
that
you
short
things
and
potentially
cause
a
death
because
there
is
power
running
through
the
device
even
if
it's
just
like
five
volt
standby
or
something
like
that
so
now
we
can
take
the
chassis
off
the
way
i've
been
doing
this
i
haven't
gotten
too
many
scratches
on
it
gotten
a
couple
but
i've
been
using
one
of
these
pry
tools
and
i
go
at
the
trigger
edge
where
there's
a little
more
of
an
entry
point
i
just
start
to
loosen
it
a
little
bit
like
kind
of
pry
back
forth
like
that
i
get
this
which
is
just
like
a
guitar
pick
basically
and
kind
of
pop
out
all
the
plastic
snaps
so
valve's
done
a
pretty
good
job
of
making
this
easy
to take
apart
i
like
to
leave
one
in
there
while
the
other
one
is
working
so
that
the
clips
don't
push
the
way
back
in
this
point
it's
basically
ready
to
pull
apart
all
right
okay
so
with
everything
taken
apart
i'll
walk
you
through
some
of the
design
basics
again
full
overview
of
the
thermal
design
is
in
the
other
video
but
we'll
briefly
cover
it
here
first
of
all
this
is
that
grille
that
you
saw
in
the
back
goes
like
this
the
blackout
you
see
there
that
black
tape
is
on
top
of
the
stainless
a
stainless
steel
shield
can
the
only
purpose
of
this
black
tape
is
cosmetic
it
is
purely
and
100
cosmetic
does
nothing
else
at
all
so
it's
just
to
make
the
colors
match
so
that's
the
primary
inlet
uh
it
doesn't
look
like
much
and
the
fan's
not
behind
it
but
that
is
in
fact
intentional
and
if
you
were
to
take
thermal
imaging
of
something
like
this
the
area
that
would
be
hot
would
be
there
you'd
expect
to
be
hot
should
be
the
copper
so
the
fin
stack
and
the
coal
the
heat
pipe
up
here
and
then
to
some
extent
the
stainless
shield
can
where
there's
some
components
sinking
into
this
that's
why
the
thermal
imaging
we
just
wired
up
thermocouples
directly
because
if
you
do
thermography
of
this
you're
basically
just
showing
that
heatsinks
get
hot
which
is
working
as
intended
so
for
the
back
this
tape
is
for
emi
or
rfi
so
electromagnetic
or
radio
frequency
interference
that's
all
that's
there
for
the
other
side
of
it
is
a
foil
very
common
for
this
type
of
small
device
to
use
a
lot
of
phones
use
them
too
paddles
are
just
plastic
springs
so
you
can
see
that
slight
actuation
there
from
pushing
it
there's
no
magic
here
there's
no
metal
spring
unlike
these
triggers
around
these
you
can
see
the
metal
spring
up
in
there
so
the
paddles
don't
have
that
and
all
the
paddles
do
when
you
push
them
see
that
actuation
there
all
that
does
is
push
this
button
right
here
which
this
is
kind
of
like
a
standard
type
of
switch
you
would
use
for
an
input
device
before
i
go
further
and
explain
the
rest
of
this
i
want
to
disconnect
the
battery
so
that
we
don't
have
any
risk
of
shorting
something
out
while
i'm
pointing
at
things
so
to
get
to
the
battery
you
remove
two
additional
screws
from
the
shield
can
which
go
into
the
through
the
pcb
and
into
us
i
believe
a
sub
frame
or
a
magnesium
mid
frame
this
foil
is
just
another
emi
shield
all
right
that
can
now
come
off
first
thing
disconnect
the
battery
battery
cable
is
right
here
if
you
ever
need
it
all
right
that's
disconnected
next
thing
i'm
going
to
do
is
discharge
it
so
all
the
cables
are
connected
here
we're
going
to
power
on
a
couple
times
push
and
hold
so
battery
any
capacitance
that
is
in
the
caps
or
anywhere
else
on
the
board
should
be
depleted
at
this
point
so
let's
go
back
a
step
this
is
the
shield
can
this
just
goes
right
on
top
of
the
motherboard
so
terminology
you
need
to
know
maybe
we
can
have
our
editors
highlight
these
and
name
them
as
we
go
the
motherboard
is
this
one
here
it's
got
the
gold
outline
along
the
edges
we've
got
a
couple
daughter
boards
over
here
so
specifically
this
is
for
the
joystick
that
connects
to
this
right
here
as
soon
as
we
take
two
screws
out
that'll
fall
through
the
board
and
be
only
connected
by
cable
the
other
joysticks
here
valve
has
done
an
awesome
thing
which
is
they've
labeled
them
left
and
right
so
you
can't
screw
it
up
when
you
put
it
back
together
to
quote
louis
rossman
when
he
was
teaching
me
some
soldering
basics
there's
nothing
you
can
up
that
i
can't
fix
except
like
i
said
before
i'm
not
going
to
fix
your
device
as
the
viewer
so
don't
pick
it
up
there's
another
daughter
board
down
here
that
connects
to
some
of
the
uh
buttons
up
here
so
you
got
positive
and
minus
for
the
volume
levels
there
is
a
3.5
millimeter
jack
and
then
in
fact
this
cable
is
an
audio
cable
you
can
see
it
hooking
in
down
here
and
running
down
the
battery
back
into
the
motherboard
underside
we
need
to
look
at
the
motherboard
underside
still
uh
so
that
covers
the
sort
of
the
control
boards
and
the
fan
is
approximately
a
30-40
millimeter
fan
it
is
a
squirrel
cage
fan
so
this
is
known
as
a
blower
and
the
way
this
works
is
it
takes
air
in
at
the
inlet
there's
actually
a hole
in
the
other
side
as
well
so
you
get
some
air
access
in
here
the
air
gets
spit
out
this
way
about
the
top
pull
the
cfd
diagram
so
oriented
the
same
way
what
you're
looking
at
is
exhaust
coming
out
the
top
here
air
comes
in
through
the
grate
right
there
over
the
shield
can
and
flows
both
over
under
the
motherboard
from
you
get
some
from
the
other
side
too
and
across
the
memory
and
across
the
vrm
components
things
like
that
so
core
components
then
the
soc
is
located
here
there's
going
to
be
a
substrate
and
then
the
silicon
underneath
uh
the
heat
pipe
and
this
sort
of
bracket
or
bracing
plate
part
of
the
cold
blade
the
cold
blade
underside
is
made
of
copper
so
it's
a
copper
cold
plate
copper
heat
pipe
this
is
approximately
it's
nine
millimeters
but
most
marketing
would
call
that
either
eight
or
ten
you
can
guess
which
direction
marketing
typically
goes
uh
is
a
flat
heat
pipe
very
flat
these
flatter
heat
pipes
the
interesting
thing
with
these
is
that
they're
actually
less
efficient
than
the
round
heat
pipes
but
they
get
more
surface
area
contact
if
you
use
it
which
valve
is
using
here
it's
going
to
cover
most
of
the
dye
and
then
they
also
are
obviously
more
compact
so
they're
used
for
that
reason
i
haven't
cut
this
open
to
check
i'm
assuming
this
is
a
sintered
copper
powder
heat
pipe
and
the
way
these
work
is
they
have
an
evaporator
end
here
where
the
little
tiny
bit
of
liquid
that's
inside
these
heat
pipes
if
you
didn't
know
there's
liquid
in
them
it
will
evaporate
at
the
heat
source
and
rise
as
a
gas
over
to
the
condenser
the
cold
end
over
here
where
you
can
see
it's
in
the
fan
output
and
connected
to
the
fin
stack
at
which
point
it
recondenses
as
a
liquid
it
uses
capillary
action
to
flow
down
the
sintered
copper
powder
and
comes
back
down
to
repeat
the
process
and
that
phase
change
is
what
gets
most
of
your
cooling
done
that's
why
anything
with
a
heat
pipe
is
generally
very
efficient
not
that
valve
valve
did
not
invent
these
to
be
clear
but
that's
how
it
works
components
we'll
give
more
detail
on
these
in
a
little
bit
but
there
are
three
fats
uh
that
are
our
main
concern
here
so
we've
got
mosfets
one
two
three
right
there
their
inductors
are
here
this
was
the
hotspot
one
that
we
measured
we
called
it
mosfet
11
in
our
testing
and
that's
about
the
hottest
one
that
we
could
find
out
of
the
devices
on
the
the
voltage
regulator
module
the
reason
it's
hot
is
because
it's
in
between
more
vrm
components
so
it's
got
really
hot
inductors
here
inductors
are
just
copper
coil
with
a
shell
so
you've
got
two
of
those
you've
got
another
mosfet
another
inductor
another
inductor
that's
really
hot
spot
on
the
board
so
steve
asked
me
to
talk
about
the
power
components
you
guys
and
the
first
thing
we're
going to
look
at
is
this
little
charging
ic
right
here
this
particular
thing
is
what
charges
or
controls
the
charging
of
the
battery
from
the
input
from
the
charging
adapter
and
then
we're
also
going
to
talk
about
this
vrm
the
voltage
regulator
module
this
is
what
takes
the
dc
input
and
steps
it
down
from
12
volts
to
a
more
usable
like
one
volt
or
less
for
the
cpu
and
in
this
case
the
vrm
has
four
parts
number
one
being
the
controller
number
two
being
the
mosfets
which
is
these
little
black
things
we're
going to
get
to
in
just
a
minute
and
then
the
inductors
which
is
these
little
gray
boxes
and
there's
some
capacitors
involved
as
well
so
those
are
the
four
parts
this
would
be
a
spot
where
it'd
be
very
easy
to
cheap
out
on
the
components
especially
because
for
the
most
part
nobody's
going
to
take
in
the
back
of
this
thing
off
and
it
would
be
easy
to
have
this
covered
up
and
no
one
ever
see
whether
or not
the
quality
was
any
good
in
our
testing
though
these
parts
all
were
well
within
spec
the
manufacturer
spec
uh
the
manufacturer's
pack
was
something
like
105
degrees
c
and
these
these
little
mosfets
never
got
above
70.
so
um
the
the
component
choice
here
was
definitely
adequate
for
what's
going
on
so
let's
get
a
little
microscope
view
of
what's
going
on
i'll
show
you
guys
the
charging
ic
first
this
particular
ic
is
a
maxim
integration
ic
and
you
can
see
it's
got
a
bunch
of
feet
around
it
there
and
the
the
part
number
is
a
77
961
that's
the
charging
i
see
and
then
as
i
move
away
from
the
charging
ic
we're
going
to
go
up
and
to
the
left
a
little
bit
closer
to
the
cpu
this
is
the
controller
right
here
and
then
if
we
zoom
out
a
little
bit
we
can
see
that
this
is
a
an
mp2845
and
then
the
mp
2845
is
controlling
three
uh
dr
moss
chips
and
we'll
talk
about
what
that
means
in
a little
bit
as
well
but
uh
let
me
get
a
little
bit
cleaner
picture
there
so
this
is
also
mp
chip
and
this
is
a
little
bit
a
little
bit
greased
out
here
from
the
thermal
pads
that's
an
86
902
and
then
86.902b
i
should
point
out
and
then
to
the
right
of
that
is
an
86902b
as
well
and
then
if
we
go
to
the
left
here
this
is
the
third
and
final
of
these
mosfets
that's
a
mp8690
we'll
take
a
closer
look
at
what
all
this
stuff's
supposed
to
do
in
just
a
moment
all
four
of
the
vrm
ics
are
from
a
company
called
monolithic
power
systems
that's
this
little
mps
down
here
and
we
dug
up
one
of
their
pdfs
and
it
actually
referenced
as
you
can
see
here
intel
tiger
lake
designs
and
some
amb
designs
that
are
using
the
exact
same
power
ics
for
the
vrms
as
the
valve
steam
deck
is
in
particular
what
we're
getting
a
good
look
at
is
this
86
902b
you
can
see
that
right
over
here
it's
a
three
millimeter
by
four
millimeter
package
and
it's
got
um
i
think
21
pins
and
the
21
pin
out
pins
here
match
exactly
the
21
pins
here
and
this
even
gives
us
a
good
look
at
what
what
the
current
capabilities
are
this
is
like
a
scale
12
amp
25
and
50
for
all
of
their
different
ics
but
in
particular
we're
focusing
on
this
one
and
you
can
see
that
it
can
take
in
3
to
12
volts
and
output
35
amps
we'll
get
more
specs
on
that
chip
as
we
go
along
here
so
the
other
part
of
the
vrm
that
we're
not
seeing
here
is
the
controller
so
if
i
just
glance
over
a little
bit
here
we'll
enlarge
that
that
was
as
we
mentioned
an
mp2845
the
mpe2845
is
a
controller
and
if
i
scroll
up
in
this
document
here
you
can
see
the
way
this
is
built
it's
got
a
controller
here
this
is
an
mp2945
but
you
can
see
the
2845
reference
tier
and
then
it
controls
those
mosfets
which
are
these
intelliphase
chips
over
here
the
mp2845
is
a
six
phase
four
rail
chip
and
in
this
particular
setup
it's
doing
one
phase
per
rail
three
rails
with
one
face
per
rail
and
each
of
the
three
phases
are
shown
here
in
this
first
image
we've
got
one
for
the
soc
one
for
the
graphics
and
one
for
the
cpu
that's
itself
and
in
our
testing
the
cpu
is
the
piece
that
got
the
hottest
and
it
went
to
about
70
c
and
what
the
manufacturer
spec
is
is
105
c
so
like
i
said
a
moment
ago
this
is
all
uh
well
within
manufacture
respect
we
looked
up
the
specs
for
these
three
vrm
ics
and
the
86903c
can
pull
in
somewhere
between
4.5
volts
and
22
volts
and
it
can
output
30
amps
on
one
of
them
on
one
of
these
little
chips
the
86902b
which
we
have
two
of
those
can
pull
in
between
3.3
and
12
volts
which
is
again
a
lower
voltage
than
this
but
it
outputs
actually
more
current
at
35
amps
and
that
actually
that
tracks
according
to
what
we
saw
in
our
research
because
the
cpu
got
the
hottest
and
generally
speaking
the
ic
that
gets
the
hottest
is
the
one
that's
running
at
the
highest
frequencies
and
pulling
through
the
most
current
in
this
case
if
we
look
at
the
86
902
it
uh
it
can
actually
go
up
to
2
megahertz
as
opposed
to
1.2
megahertz
so
it
could
actually
run
at
a
higher
frequency
we
don't
know
exactly
what
frequency
it's
running
at
uh
and
it
can
actually
pull
more
current
35
amps
as
opposed
to
30
amps
alright
so
you've
heard
me
refer
to
these
things
as
drmos
ics
or
drmos
chips
the
the
dr
moss
is
just
an
abbreviation
for
driver
mosfet
all-in-one
package
we
pulled
up
an
image
here
that
kind
of
explains
this
from
a
circuit
diagram
look
all
this
stuff
over
here
is
the
driver
for
the
mosfets
so
each
one
of
these
little
packages
has
these
three
elements
inside
of
it
the
driver
circuit
plus
two
independent
mosfets
independent
is
probably
not
the
right
word
maybe
asymmetric
is
a
better
word
there
but
basically
one
of
these
is
called
a
high
side
fet
and
the
other
one's
called
a
low
side
that
says
hs
and
ls
and
that's
what
makes
up
a
driver
mosfet
package
now
the
whole
point
of
the
vrm
as
we
mentioned
earlier
was
to
take
the
voltage
from
a
higher
level
to
a
lower
level
again
let's
say
12
volts
to
maybe
1.2
volts
and
what
the
way
that's
done
the
the
circuit
design
using
these
mosfets
this
control
and
the
inductor
that
we
showed
earlier
in
the
video
is
through
a
design
called
a
buck
converter
and
the
buck
converter
takes
the
voltage
and
steps
it
down
so
if
you're
hearing
any
of
this
terminology
in
other
power
design
talk
you
can
you
can
now
have
a
better
idea
of
what
it
is
so
buck
converter
vrm
kind
of
the
same
thing
in
the
ideology
that
brings
us
to
the
last
piece
of
the
power
circuitry
which
is
what
we
actually
opened
up
with
at
the
microscope
and
that's
the
maxim
integrated
77
961
this
little
guy
right
here
uh
it's
got
a lot
of
feet
on
it
does
a
lot
of
stuff
we
actually
got
a
diagram
for
you
over
here
this
is
the
product
page
for
it
the
max
77
961
it's
just
a
few
things
for
instance
that
it
can
take
in
25
volts
maximum
and
that
it
can
charge
at
6
amps
so
this
is
a
piece
that
if
you
had
this
thing
open
you
would
definitely
not
want
it
plugged
in
while
it
was
open
because
that
charging
circuit
can
output
six
amps
and
current
at
six
amps
is
is
not
great
to
feel
um
so
uh
a
probably
don't
work
on
electronics
unless
you
know
what
you're
doing
and
b
be
careful
with
charging
circuits
there
you
go
um
anyway
going
into
the
charging
surge
more
this
one
can
support
two
or
three
lithium
ion
cells
and
um
the
chemistry
in
the
batteries
can
be
lithium
ion
or
the
in
polymer
what's
interesting
here
is
that
the
temperature
rating
on
the
documentation
says
that
it
goes
up
to
a
max
of
85
c
but
according
to
valve's
documentation
they
gave
us
they
said
that
the
ic
could
sport
up
to
105
c
so
it's
possible
that
valve
got
especially
specially
designed
version
of
this
chip
that
sports
105c
and
the
reason
that
this
is
somewhat
interesting
for
us
is
because
in
our
testing
when
we
had
the
heatsink
or
that's
called
the
heat
shield
on
this
chip
it
actually
got
as
if
you
could
look
at
our
first
video
it
actually
got
up
to
about
90
degrees
celsius
and
then
when
we
pulled
that
off
it
got
even
hotter
so
if
85c
was
the
max
for
this
chip
then
we
exceeded
that
but
like
like
i
said
according
to
valve
uh
it
can
go
up
to
105
c's
so
that
wraps
up
all
the
power
circuitry
in
the
steam
deck
and
i'm
going
to
throw
it
now
back
over
steve
so
he
can
continue
with
tear
down
okay
so
we've
teleported
and
swapped
out
steam
decks
here
i'd
give
patrick
his
back
for
testing
more
gaming
applications
and
the
one
i've
been
working
on
is
the
frankenstein
one
for
thermal
testing
i
couldn't
disassemble
this
further
in
the
initial
review
because
i
didn't
want
to
tamper
with
the
thermal
paste
used
under
the
cold
plate
as
for
the
thermocouples
you
see
here
we
took
a
industry
standard
approach
to
wiring
up
thermocouples
valve
actually
uses
the
same
process
uh
our
thermocouples
plus
the
special
bonding
solution
we
use
are
about
190
microns
thick
so
very
thin
they
don't
really
meaningfully
influence
the
results
that's
why
we
use
them
the
way
we
do
this
is
the
best
way
to
get
measurements
so
let's
take
apart
the
uh
the
actual
cooling
assembly
for
the
soc
i
really
want
to
see
what's
under
here
okay
for
this
over
here
this
is
just
not
adhesive
with
some
of
the
serial
numbers
and
things
on
it
that
gap
really
needs
to
not
exist
because
valve
needs
to
make
sure
that
air
is
going
through
the
fin
stack
and
not
escaping
before
it
ever
hits
it
so
in
talking
with
valve's
engineers
directly
we
learned
that
this
was
the
solution
where
this
is
actually
fairly
standard
too
especially
in
laptops
things
like
that
where
they
are
just
using
a
piece
of
tape
to
guide
the
flow
which
is
perfectly
adequate
so
anyway
that's
important
if
you
ever
take
it
apart
don't
lose
that
that's
not
just
serial
numbers
you
can
throw
away
you
will
need
that
here's
the
fin
stack
there's
a
hell
of
a
thermal
paste
spread
so
this
to
my
knowledge
has
been
taken
apart
by
valve
engineer
before
it
got
to
us
which
means
that
i'm
thinking
the
thermal
paste
spread
we're
seeing
here
is
is
not
probably
representative
of
what
the
end
product
will
be
but
we'll
see
the
end
product
may
be
done
by
machine
they
might
also
silk
screen
i'm
not
sure
if
it's
low
volume
they'll
still
screen
it
like
cooler
master
did
when
we
showed
our
amd
stock
heatsink
manufacturing
factory
tour
which
you
should
definitely
check
out
this
is
an
al1050
alloy
so
al-1050
is
particularly
useful
because
you
still
get
some
thermal
conductivity
it's
about
257
watts
per
meter
kelvin
at
25
degrees
celsius
measurement
temperature
for
the
ambient
and
still
good
thermal
conductivity
for
perspective
copper
is
about
405
there's
a lot
more
to
it
than
that
but
that's
the
quick
numbers
for
you
and
al
1050
is
also
useful
because
it's
fairly
rigid
so
structurally
it's
useful
you
can
see
here
they've
used
it
for
the
screw
mounting
and
then
it's
also
corrosion
resistant
or
more
corrosion
resistant
than
some
other
materials
you
can
see
there's
a
thermal
pad
on
top
of
it
which
is
actually
sinking
into
the
stainless
steel
can
so
there's
a little
bit
of
shared
capacity
there
but
pretty
simple
design
underside
we've
got
an
exposed
bit
of
copper
there
let's
go
ahead
and
clean
this
there
you
go
just
a
copper
contact
patch
i'm
going
to
do
some
pressure
testing
and
flatness
testing
on
this
we'll
have
it
in
a
separate
video
so
check
back
for
that
same
methodology
we
use
for
our
cooler
reviews
where
we're
going
to
use
a
special
chemically
reactive
paper
for
some
of
it
and
actually
down
here
if
you
look
even
further
down
really
good
attention
detail
on
valve
i'm
pretty
impressed
with
this
honestly
especially
for
a
technique
pre-production
that
thing
in
there
that's
another
damper
this
maybe
a
piece
of
foam
and
some
tape
to
help
with
reducing
rattle
and
uh
also
probably
positioning
it
on
the
z-axis
the
right
place
okay
so
let's
talk
about
the
thermal
paste
spread
here
some
people
are
going
to
comment
about
this
uh
having
too
much
thermal
paste
isn't
really
a
thing
we've
tested
that
comment
not
really
true
there
is
obviously
an
absolute
extreme
where
it
becomes
true
but
thermal
base
will
just
squish
out
and
that's
what
you're
seeing
here
uh
the
i
the
soc
here
is
actually
branded
which
is
kind
of
neat
it's
got
this
is
a
amd
product
tsmc
made
it's
a
disconnect
a
bunch
of
cables
and
i
want
to
pull
the
motherboard
out
here
this
is
the
motherboard
cable
we'll
see
where
that
connects
in
a
moment
maybe
to
the
display
the
display
is
underneath
there's
a
cable
here
that
connects
this
is
data
this
connects
the
joystick
which
was
here
to
the
controller
board
underneath
which
is
used
for
input
of
the
triggers
and
some
of the
other
devices
on
the
other
side
of
the
screen
plus
these
paddles
and
then
over
on
this
side
same
thing
then
this
control
board
you
can
follow
the
cables
it
goes
down
this
way
and
connects
back
to
the
motherboard
as
does
this
one
you
can
see
it
goes
from
the
motherboard
underside
here
over
to
the
control
board
here
and
that's
how
they
talk
to
each
other
this
is
where
uh
your
ssd
and
your
wi-fi
module
will
go
so
we'll
look
at
those
as
we
kind
of
take
it
apart
there's
emi
or
rfi
shielding
there
as
well
so
for
the
wireless
antenna
you can
see
the
black
and
white
lines
running
right
here
from
the
wireless
card
underneath
and
those
get
soldered
in
at
this
spot
so
that's
where
your
antenna
are
situated
oh
nice
they've
labeled
it
i
love
it
these
are
just
foam
and
it's
just
to
stop
that
shield
can
from
scratching
up
the
pcb
i
mean
i'm
impressed
so
far
just
it's
stuff
like
that
it's
small
attention
to
detail
that's
always
what
we
look
for
and
what
impresses
us
when
companies
um
i
don't
know
give
a
i'm
impressed
with
how
easy
this
is
to
disassemble
so
here's
the
back
side
underneath
the
motherboard
this
is
in
fact
the
display
cable
that's
what
we
suspected
earlier
that
goes
to
the
display
we've
now
revealed
what
i'd
probably
call
the
mid
frame
that's
this
structure
right
here
so
everything
from
that
point
and
that
point
coming
over
to
the
right
you
can
see
the
terminating
point
right
here
that's
going
to
be
the
mid
frame
mostly
responsible
for
rigidity
so
the
soc
is
right
on
the
opposite
side
of
this
you
got
the
standard
uh
looks
like
mlcc
is
on
the
back
of
that
a
bunch
of
mlcc's
in
here
so
the
two
places
where
you're
going to
have
board
flex
from
the
user
plugging
in
a
charging
cable
right
here
and
causing
the
board
to
slightly
wiggle
up
and
down
which
eventually
you
know
enough
connection
cycles
starts
killing
things
and
down
here
where
there's
an
sd
card
reader
both
of
those
are
damped
so
that's
cool
good
again
um
you
know
valve
for
being
relatively
new
to
the
hardware
game
in
a
in
a
real
capacity
is
doing
a
good
job
so
if
you
were
going
to
remove
the
battery
and
do
a
like
for
like
replacement
you
would
pull
these
cables
off
very
carefully
and
then
re-glue
them
to
the
new
one
you
know
valve
if
you're
watching
i
want
you
to
know
that
this
is
the
first
time
in
a
while
i've
actually
tried
to
cause
zero
damage
i'm
so
happy
we
finally
have
a
use
for
this
sharpie
if
you
want
to
buy
signed
mod
mats
or
tool
kits
by
the way
we
sell
them
on
store.camerasexus.net
i
use
silver
though
so
we
have
about
a
thousand
of
these
because
they
come
in
forced
packs
manufacturing
information
it
was
made
in
2021
november
is
what's
punched
over
here
and
uh
our
model
happens
to
be
number
11
out
of
290
from
the
initial
pre-production
run
so
if
you've
been
wondering
how
long
they've
been
making
it
if
you
if
you
wonder
why
hey
why
did
valve
push
back
the
december
launch
the
answer
is
that
this
one
was
made
in
november
that's
why
problem
solved
nice
okay
there's
one
of
the
daughter
boards
controlling
some
of the
input
this
has
an
atml
controller
on
it
ats
amd
21j18
this
board
is
for
the
trackpad
on
the
other
side
that
pad
right
there
is
communicating
with
this
board
there's
the
trackpad
control
pcb
you
actually
see
some
of
the
contact
the
traces
in
there
this
actually
to
me
looks
more
like
it's
just
for
support
and
for
some
of
that
force
feedback
haptics
you
feel
on
the
trackpad
i
don't
think
that's
doing
too
much
thermally
on
this
side
i
don't
think
it's
doing
anything
thermally
on
the
side
so
i
do
think
the
magnesium
midframe
is
going
to
provide
some
of
the
heat
spreading
capability
it
doesn't
have
any
dissipation
access
but
it'll
still
spread
until
saturation
i
like
this
these
cables
are
labeled
as
well
so
this
is
the
d-pad
and
this
one
is
labeled
action
which
is
just
going
to
be
the
four
buttons
that
is
a
speaker
right
there
that's
the
box
holding
the
speaker
and
then
this
is
the
other
speaker
right
here
so
there's
your
action
buttons
with
the
somewhat
standard
carbon
contacts
or
electrical
contacts
with
this
carbon
filter
here
so
that's
how
the
buttons
are
connected
this
is
fairly
standard
really
you
can
see
the
plastic
pieces
in
here
okay
so
we've
completed
the
tear
down
we
switched
sets
to
lay
it
all
out
for
some
nice
b-roll
this
is
the
last
piece
uh
we
decided
to
leave
the
magnesium
mid-frame
in
the
chassis
because
at
this
point
we
would
really
be
tampering
with
the
way
the
screen
is
adhered
or
connected
to
the
mid
frame
and
because
i
still
have
a
lot
more
thermal
testing
to
do
i'm
a
little
bit
worried
about
influencing
the
results
too
much
if
there's
any
thermal
adhesive
in
there
also
worried
about
just
potentially
causing
damage
screens
are
pretty
sensitive
and
so
we're
gonna
stop
there
but
that's
basically
99
disassembled
at
this
point
the
battery
at
least
on
ours
appears
to
be
glued
in
i'm
really
disappointed
in
that
this
should
just
be
pretty
close
to
a
socketable
replacement
to
ensure
the
most
uh
longevity
for
users
batteries
are
the
most
common
thing
to
get
replaced
when
they
are
able
to
be
replaced
because
the
most
common
thing
that
at
some
point
starts
to
fall
below
a
an
acceptable
level
for
the
user
so
that's
really
unfortunate
probably
it
has
something
to
do
with
liability
but
that's
i
don't
know
valve
just
tell
them
that
this
like
youtube
channel
said
you
should
do
a
replaceable
one
and
then
they'll
sue
us
and
i'll
leave
the
country
so
um
so
that's
that's
the
biggest
thing
i
was
disappointed
about
overall
things
are
fairly
easy
to
get
to
it's
a
little
bit
of
a
nightmare
in
terms
of
the
screws
they're
all
over
the
place
uh
but
they
mostly
use
the
same
types
of
screws
it's
just
there's
three
or
four
kinds
make
sure
you
track
them
really
carefully
and
you'll
be
fine
if
you
take
it
apart
would
not
recommend
taking
it
apart
to
this
level
the
joysticks
are
pretty
interesting
but
they
have
these
tiny
wires
attached
to
them
so
if
replacing
the
joystick
you'd
probably
want
to
do
the
entire
module
with
the
pcb
and
not
just
the
cap
for
example
otherwise
you
would
lose
the
capacitive
touch
on
top
of
it
but
other
than
that
everything's
fairly
standard
to
get
to
the
next
most
common
components
maybe
die
is
probably
the
fan
the
fan
was
a
colossal
pain
in
the
ass
to
find
online
it's
not
a
part
number
that's
listed
anywhere
right
now
it
seems
like
valve
maybe
has
a
customized
version
of
an
existing
laptop
fan
that's
been
retooled
to
fit
inside
a
chassis
for
the
steam
deck
so
i
asked
mike
our
cooler
technician
on
our
team
and
patrick
lathan
who
did
all
the
games
testing
for
the
steam
deck
to
try
and
find
it
for
me
their
solution
was
really
clever
so
first
of
all
they
were
able
to
eventually
find
through
scrolling
through
listings
laptop
fans
that
have
the
same
logo
identified
that
the
this
particular
brand
is
common
in
del
vastro
products
and
then
patrick
went
and
pulled
up
a
specific
listing
from
the
tuv
and
that
listing
it's
a
certification
filing
uh
and
that
listing
is
where
we
were
able
to
identify
the
brand
so
all
of
that
just
we
probably
could
have
just
asked
the
valve
but
this
was
more
fun
so
the
fan
is
a
5
volt
0.5
amp
fan
if
you
ever
need
to
replace
it
uh
the
model
is
bn5010s5h-n00p
eventually
it'll
probably
be
online
and
the
company
is
juan
diensa
it's
a
customized
fan
i
think
so
you'll
probably
have
to
wait
for
some
steamed
extra
parts
to
pop
up
but
anyway
that's
the
part
a
couple
more
final
notes
the
joysticks
are
alps
very
common
and
again
they're
capacitive
in
terms
of
ssds
we'll
talk
about
that
more
later
once
we
get
the
other
ones
in
stock
there's
the
64
gigabyte
256
and
512
the
64
gigabyte
model
in
particular
has
a
lower
end
emmc
pcie
gen
2
by
1
ssd
but
again
that'll
come
up
later
so
that's
it
then
overall
it's
easy
to
access
and
fairly
easy
to
take
apart
completely
some
of
the
stuff
is
a
little
more
difficult
to
replace
than
we'd
like
some
of
that's
just
because
it's
not
formally
out
yet
so
third
parties
haven't
shipped
things
yet
but
uh
overall
it's
a
good
start
now
we
just
need
to
reassemble
this
with
some
modifications
for
our
next
round
of
thermal
testing
so
check
back
for
that
make
sure
you
subscribe
we
have
a
lot
more
coming
with
the
steam
deck
over
the
next
couple
weeks
at
this
point
it'll
probably
be
spaced
out
a few
days
between
the
content
and
our
normal
pc
review
content
so
as
always
thank
you
for
watching
you
can
go
to
store.gamersaccess.net
to
grab
one
of
our
coasters
on
backorder
they're
finally
coming
back
they
sold
through
crazy
fast
last
time
so
make
sure
you
get
them
it
also
supports
us
and
check
our
first
video
if
you
haven't
seen
it
already
thanks
for
watching
we'll
see
you
all
next


tf2 hunt try your luck on jackpot or join coin flips with the lowest Commission's get a chance of winning free money daily by participating in our giveaways tf2 hunt calm stop that guys know that b-flat don't at the ride or die I keep laying on my side CJ back never go wrong with ice-cold his buddies my guys know that he flash north at the right time have a go ride or die [Music] [Music] but is my guys gonna eat I'm gonna the ride-or-die I keep playing on my side CJ [Music] I [Music] and corner [Music] brighto brighto I [Music] disappointed minds of you understand hello ragged dad [Music] [Music]