hello my Legion of humble followers squid le'ts and baby yams today we're gonna go through a list of seven illegal motorcycle modifications you're probably familiar with several motorcycle modifications at this point things like frame sliders barn burners and stickier tires however did you know that some of these modifications are in fact illegal in most states before we get started here's my disclaimer I'm not telling you to do any of these nor break the law papa yam believes that you should go on to the world and make your own mistakes as long as you're not hurting anybody but here's something I am gonna tell you to do you've only got two more weeks to get entered for our Yamaha r3 and Suzuki sv650 giveaway if you want to support the series on patreon we're only doing two more episodes until we reveal our next round of bikes and you're gonna want to make sure you sign up for that trust me if you sign up now I'll give you double entries for those next two episodes and you'll be able to help voters our next bikes as well as always remember you can enter in completely for free and do not have to pay to win you can also pick up merch as a one-time purchase to get enter to win as well if you use the code double 2019 at checkout you'll get 10% off and double entries for your purchase until October 17th you're not gonna want to miss out seriously so click those links and check it out now enough with the long intros let's get started the first illegal modification is tucked or hidden license plates number one on our list is probably the first mod any owner does on a sport bike and it's also commonly found on others as well it's a tucked or hidden license plate and also rear fender eliminators the factory rear fender is this hideous monstrosity of a design complete with reflectors in bulk nothing about this thing is subtle it's probably catering to every law ever made in every country about rear license plates lighting and visibility the rear fender eliminating is mod so common used bikes at any dealership or probably gonna have them to reduce the bulk rear fender eliminators are installed they're basically a brand new license plate mounting system bracket some if not all of them will remove the rear reflectors and relocate the license plate forward on the tail this mod becomes illegal when the tail becomes hard to read which is common these kits they sell them as a means to hide your license plate what's worse is there are hideaway kits that will flip your plate up at the push of a button and others that will move your tag flush with the tail and be unreadable from behind if you want to do one of these go ahead but stay legal check your local laws at minimum your license plate must remain visible your tag light and turn signals need to remain on the kit and you need to keep your reflectors if required by law one thing to point out however is that the rear fender does serve a critical point in reducing road grime mud sand and other gunk flying onto your bike even though it is ugly it does serve a purpose moving on the second illegal mod is a mirror deletes for all of you lane splitting squids out there you know that removing your mirrors is illegal next on our list is the mirror deletion mod there are kits that will turn your mirror holes and to turn signals spikes or you can just use plain old bolts when you do it no matter how you do it some states still consider this an illegal mod and require you to run mirrors on your bike it can be overlooked by law enforcement so you might not be immediately pulled over if you choose to remove them some states require one mirror while other requires two this mod is kind of a gray area for riders and I really suggest you do some individual research before you decide to pull them off your bike some states even allow a mirrorless bike while others won't allow you to switch to handlebar and mirrors personally I think mirrors should just stay on a motorcycle because it allows to ride safely if your squiding with a backpack on it's easier to turn around and look than if you're riding in full gear with gear on you really need your mirrors in case your head movement is limited a lot of motorcycles have mirrors that can be tucked in which can be somewhat of a hassle for lane splitters but it is an alternative to simply removing the mirrors think about how much you use them and under what conditions before you decide to say adios to your mirrors and as a note even though Bahrein mirrors are legal I kind of think they suck for me stock mirrors have always worked better than barns and those aforementioned lane splitting situations of which I am not admitting to doing here in Texas those are purely allegations levelled at me bar ends just kind of get in the way not ideal in my humble ya opinion the third illegal mod is the full exhaust and the no catalytic converter number three is a full exhaust system on your bike or removing that big heavy bulky catalytic converter the first performance mod most bike owners do is something exhaust related for most it's a slip-on which will change the sound and look of the bike it's perfectly legal in most states and the sound is only slightly altered for others it's about going all out full systems from header to tip gaining power and getting as loud as possible this is illegal because the cat needs to stay on your bike but is removed when installing a full system there must be a way to sound so bad at you cry out legally speaking there's not a lot of riders polar cats off of the bikes it's a very common mod even though it is illegal and frowned upon by the atmosphere the thing about exhaust systems that sometimes the cat is tucked under fairings or is part of the exhaust pipe unlike cars so law enforcement don't immediately notice it or they simply don't care about the straight pipe Harley because they own one as well for how many states an exhaust system is actually illegal and it's kind of surprising to see how many riders out there are with catless systems and stray pipes how they get away with inspection comes from either going to a bike shop that doesn't really care or going to a garage that doesn't have the experience with the motorcycle to really understand what they're looking for another alternative that's basically fraud is taking your stock system putting it on getting your bike inspected coming back home and taking it off again and that's all to say that that's unless you live in California I hear the exhaust regulations there are very strict and rightfully so I don't really want to hear your r1 at 2 a.m. ripping by the main street trying to sound like MotoGP while I'm trying to sleep and I'd like it if my future children had an atmosphere they can still breathe besides emission laws the sound of an exhaust system is another point that makes this an illegal mod some states do not allow any aftermarket exhaust systems or have police that actively enforced noise ordinances we all want to be that guy on a zx-10r with the full exhaust system from two brothers pegged at the limiter and dealing a wheelie at the local Walmart but realistically let's be a little more mature shall we this point coincides nicely with our recent video we did will be demonstrated using stats data in science that loud pipes do not in fact save lives if you haven't seen that spicy video yet go take a look at it my sweet little yam pie number 4 LEDs strobes neons and different colors number 4 on our list of illegal mods are aftermarket lights this category covers pretty much everything from colored headlights LEDs strobes neons and running with red or blue lights depending on your state if your squidding on your r1 at 140 miles per hour in the pitch-black while strobing purple lights well at least you're visible and your props for that everyone else check your local laws most states don't allow different color headlights your super xenon ultra bright 12000 K blue light bulbs may actually not be legal white or yellow ish is normally the accepted colors when it comes to LEDs neons and accents check your local laws some states such as North Carolina allow any color except red and blue while others completely ban anything not installed at the factory so be honest whether you love them or hate them adding extra lights to a bike aren't a distraction it gets you noticed at night when people really are distracted by the bright screens of their phones GPS and even car infotainment centers even though I would never rock them on any motorcycle I don't I think they can help you be seen it's like high visibility gear but taken to an extreme number 5 removing reflectors number 5 on our list is reflector removal yes those red and orange color discs on the side of your bike are not they're just for show they're there to keep you alive by shining light back in the person's face whose shining it at you I'm kidding so in all the gala T here reflectors since that are installed the factory are on your front forks and are included in your rear fender they need to stay but why Papa yams but nothing squid less they will stay there until their first owner trashes them until honesty removing reflectors may be illegal technically but it's probably the least noticed mod that anyone would notice hanging out with some fellow riders this weekend they'll notice if you remove the reflectors or ask if you have plans to put them on your new bike I don't know if anyone catching a ticket from a cop for simply not having reflectors it seems if you're gonna get cited it'll be after you do the wheelie at 120 miles per hour not wearing your helmet and oh not having reflectors as well the charge is probably gonna be secondary to the more important things at hand law enforcement vehicle inspectors and other normally seriously won't be able to tell if you've pulled them off or not a lot of them might just think it's something you put on bicycles let alone motorcycles number 6 flush turn signals number 6 on our list is flush turn signals this one's a gray area mod which some cops might notice while others might not flush turn signals are very pleasing to the eye especially on your early 2000s bike or even your current Yamaha r6 is in our ones for the Gixxer since 2006 mirror integrated turn signals were standards for removing mirrors that either lead to remove turn signals or flush turn signals causing the old two for a conundrum some bikes do come from the actually the flush turn signals but they're located on the bike in such a way that they can be viewed from multiple angles head-on and from the side or anything in between when you remove the protruding turn signals and opt for the flush mount mod the turn signal normally becomes highly visible from the side but not so much from the front traffic won't know which lane you're turning into you in cars probably won't see you signaling to pass your bike will just be like every car on the freeway not using any turn signals since some of the flush turn signals look stop police might not take notice it's gonna take a bike enthusiast to notice mods performed on a bike if you pull mirrors and turn signals in one piece you're probably gonna attract more attention from law enforcement than simply doing the lights alone and number seven helmet decorations last but not least in the number seven spot on our list we have adding helmet decorations although not technically a mod to your motorcycle the helmet is used for riding so we're gonna include it some of us are outspoken and loud on our motorcycles we want to be seen safety first and heard so we decorate our helmets with stickers Mohawks spikes etc what is legal and what isn't the d-o-t safe that anything that protrudes past two tenths of an inch is unsafe and illegal basically if it isn't a sticker it's not allowed this includes GoPros cameras mounts bluetooth Mohawks pig tail spikes etc does that mean that the predator helmet is illegal apparently so even though some manufacturers claim VOT approval is this gonna stop anyone from wrecking their helmets probably not so there you have it 7 mods that are illegal for riders to do I hope you liked the video comment on what you liked and didn't like ask questions in the comments and you'll probably get flamed by some other baby ham that's usually how it goes around here and don't forget to check out our motorcycle giveaway seriously sign up before our new season begins on October 17th and you'll get double entries for those episodes we produce beforehand we've got the brand spankin new Yamaha r3 and Suzuki sv650 you're not gonna want to miss out on those remember sign up through patreon and get double chances or get merch and use the code double 2019 to get 10% off and double entries to win thanks again for watching tune in next time and I'll see you later fact when it comes to understanding what exactly a sandwich is there's lots of debates does anything wrapped around bread count what's the distinction here but one day the national hotdog and sausage Council made an official ruling when it came to hotdogs they deemed that hot are not sandwiches limiting a hotdogs significance by saying it's just a sandwich is like calling the Dalai Lama just a guy said Janet Riley the president of the National Hot Dog and sausage Council goodbye


so today I'm going to tell you about what's called Catalans conjecture so even though it's called the conjecture it's actually known so this was proved by a mathematician about 15 years ago and it's a question about or a statement about perfect powers okay so what do I mean by perfect powers first of all I mean take some whole number 1 2 3 so on and raise it to a power which is larger than 1 okay so squares cubes and so on so if you start to write these things down one is a perfect power in fact a power of itself to any exponent 2 is not 3 is not but then we get 4 which is 2 squared then we have to go up to I guess 8 which is 2 cubed and 9 is 3 squared + 16 25 am I gonna run into any cube soon let's see Oh 27 and 36 and 49 and so on so these are numbers that can be built by taking two integers and raising one to the power that's exactly right yeah so of course all we've seen so far mostly squares and cubes I guess 16 is also a fourth power but you can take the exponent to be as large as you want raise it as high of a power as you want and you can take the number to be as large as you want to I'm just trying to put them in order so do these numbers become more common or less common as we go down the number line so they become less common and generally you think they're spread out right like just think about squares for example if you hand me a big number like a million and you want to know about how many squares are less than a million well it's about square root of a million right because that's how small the number has to be to be less than a million after you square it they're cool numbers they're kind of spread out as you go along and get bigger and bigger but notice that in the beginning here some of them are close together so we've got actually a pair of consecutive powers so separated only by one I guess here we have separated by two and three and four and so on so there's some separation here but what kadhalan conjectured and this is a question people have been interested in for hundreds of years actually is this particular pair of eight and nine so the fact that three squared minus two cubed is equal to one or it really that you have any two powers which differ by one no other example of that was known and so what kadhalan conjectured is this is the only time that this happens that you have two powers whose difference is exactly one but it was unknown if like a gajillion and four yeah that's exactly right that's oh we didn't know for a long time whether or not this conjecture was true so back a few decades ago we did know that if it wasn't true there would be only finitely many exceptions so this tends to be easier to show in general right that okay I know that there's a really large number of things happening or only finitely many times it happens but to show that there's only one is what we didn't know until recently so it's known yes so this is what was proved by this mathematician me he'll ask you in fact these are the only consecutive perfect powers okay so this notion that okay they probably kind of spread out as time goes on is it least true if spreading out means bigger than one I mean the prison this is really advanced and so okay we don't have time for I don't know the next couple of years to go through it but I want to tell you at least about sort of a special case of this and something that's been known for a while but it gives you an idea of kind of the type of manipulation you can do to understand this kind of problem all right so solving this equation showing that there's only one solution and that's it it's pretty hard but let me show you a special case let's look at the case of x squared minus y cubed equals one so for example that has some solution we know because we have these consecutive powers so we're really just asking about a squared differing from a cube by one okay so why doesn't this have any other solutions well here's what you want to do general rule adding and understanding factors at the same time is hard that's why for modulus theorem is hard that's why this kind of question is hard so let's change it to a question about multiplication all right so how do we do that let's move things to the other side so let's say instead we're gonna solve this equation now why have I just made my life better the reason why is because this thing breaks up into two factors anytime you see a difference of squares like this you can factorize it in this way and so this just changed us from a very hard problem about addition and multiplication interacting together to just multiplication okay so now why is this better why do I find out whether or not this has solutions here's the idea the factors of why any number that divides why has gotta divide one of these two things and so let's ignore two for the moment let's pretend that Y is odd so two doesn't divide Y so if Y is odd that means then that any factor of y has to divide one of these two things but it can't divide both of them at once and the reason why is that whatever these two numbers are they differ only by two so for the same reason they can't have a common factor other than possibly two so if Y is odd all the factors of Y either divide X minus one or a factor of Y divides X plus one but not both at the same time which means that both of these numbers have to be cubes so these are both cubes because any number which divides Y we know there's at least three copies of but all of those copies have to go to the same one of these two numbers and so we've got two cubes which are only two apart right so the difference between these two cubes is only two but that never happens with cubes right because we know what the cubes are 1 8 27 and so on and that for sure spreads out as you go along and so you can't have any cubes which are separated by two and so you can't have any solution to this equation at least if Y is odd well then it's a little bit harder but not that much no so in general of course the proof is not via this plan although changing from addition to multiplication is the important part of the proof actually and important part of the proof but this is just sort of the smallest tiniest piece the step in the right direction towards proving this kind of thing everyone thanks for watching this video I'm just working on brilliants problem of the week which triangle has the greatest area I can't decide if this is a trick question or do they have the same area I'm gonna get 4c ah it says it's okay I got it wrong but it says here and this is true getting stumped is part of learning and now we get to continue and discuss the solutions yeah see I probably should have done a bit of working out like that person did but you know we're recording here in a hurry now brilliant dog is a fantastic problem-solving website it's also the sponsor of today's video in case you hadn't noticed and the thing I like about brilliant is it's full of all sorts of quizzes and courses and curated lessons that doesn't just tell you stuff so that you'll know it it helps you understand that it helps you go deeper and I think that's a really important thing you can watch loads of videos and learn lots of new things but to really understand that sometimes you actually have to do the problems have someone hold your hand as you go through it and that's what's great about brilliant they obviously cover loads of mathematics they also cover science they also cover computer science there's physics there's all sorts of things here you really should have a look by the way if you enjoyed today's video with Holly I'm told the open problems group here on brilliant could also be a great place for you to be hanging out so why don't you go and have a look at that I'll include a link down in the video description now while I get back into these triangles and figure things out what you should do is go to brilliant org slash numberphile you can sign up to brilliant for free but if you use the slash numberphile I just mentioned and there'll be a link in the description you'll also get 20% off a premium membership go and have a look and don't just get told stuff understand stuff there is a


this episode is sponsored by awesome socks club a sock subscription for charity click the link in the description and sign up between now and december 11th to get a fun pair of socks every month in 2021 [Music] the color blue is kind of special it has a reputation among biologists for being rare in nature except you've got birds insects flowers sea creatures even the eyes of some humans blue is everywhere so what's the deal well it is actually pretty hard for living things to make blue blue pigments at least many of the natural blues you see are really made using structural color microscopic structures that interfere with light to reflect color back to our eyes but blue pigments are a whole different game to make those life has to jump through some surprisingly big hoops pigments are molecules that selectively absorb and reflect visible light and they get their color from molecular structure and how the atoms are bonded to one another so to understand why natural blue pigments are so tricky we need to talk both biology and physics a lot of the problem with making blue pigment comes down to how molecules can have colors in the first place surprisingly complicated the very basic idea is that a molecule gets its color by reflecting and absorbing different kinds of light if it mostly reflects red it's red if it reflects everything it's white if it absorbs everything it's black but to understand the problem with natural blue you need to go a little deeper than that so imagine some generic molecule one with multiple atoms sharing some of their electrons in the form of chemical bonds those electrons usually exist in what's called a ground state with a set amount of energy and it tends to be as little as they can get away with but if you add some energy like if an electron absorbs a photon of light the electrons can jump to a higher so-called excited state that's pretty straightforward so far but one of the weird yet fundamental rules in physics is that electrons can only absorb light if it has exactly the right amount to actually get them to a new energy state if it's too much or too little the photon just bounces off the molecule it has to be just right and this is the reason why different things are different colors molecules have all kinds of different energy levels and photons of different colors of light have different amounts of energy shorter bluer wavelengths have the most energy while the longer redder wavelengths are like more laid back they're just chilling less energy low energy red so the shape of the molecule really matters because different structures within the molecule create those different energy levels if its electrons can only jump to an excited state with high energy light it's going to absorb blue and the opposite is true as well if it needs to absorb low energy light it will absorb reds and it turns out it is easier for life to make molecules that absorb blue and reflect red than the other way around blue rocks and minerals can hit that sweet spot thanks to either very complex crystal structures or the involvement of metals like copper and cobalt this works fine for us humans when we're making things like paints but metals like cobalt can wreak havoc in living things at high enough concentration so they're not necessarily something you want to like pack into your living cells so that you can have a nice bright blue color instead life is generally working with carbon as a starting material so to make an organic or carbon-based blue we need something that a living thing could both make and keep around without poisoning itself it turns out the kinds of carbon-based structures that lead to blue are often really complex but you can do it carbon specialty is joining up in long chains or rings and certain arrangements allow electrons to move throughout the chain this arrangement is known as a bond conjugation as the number of conjugated bonds gets higher the amount of energy between the molecules energy states decreases that means it takes less energy to boost the electrons into the excited state so the molecule will absorb lower energy red photons and reflect blue ones so the more conjugation you have the bluer the molecule appears the problem is the molecules that can accomplish this can be pretty tricky to use part of that may be that they're big and weirdly shaped but the relatively shorter gap between the electron states can also make it easier for these molecules to react with other molecules floating around which ruins all your lovely conjugation and destroys the pigment so blue pigments are hard but they are not impossible if you want to find one you can ask your liver about it after all there is one group of if not super blue at least blue-ish molecules that animals including us humans make and use on the regular they're called biliverdins and they're bluish green bile pigments bile pigments are a group of compounds that come in several types and are all made from the breakdown of certain other compounds often in the liver or spleen and bile pigments come in all sorts of colors including reds yellows and yes blues now biliverdins the blue ones never reach a real vibrant royal blue but they do give organisms some color like they're good enough to color birds eggs butterfly wings and some corals they're not normally used for their colorful properties and doing so might actually come at a cost scientists haven't really examined the connections here all that much at least when it comes to coloration but we do know at least in terms of health you might want to be careful when you're tweaking the bile pigment production pathway see biliveradine is often thought of as a waste product like other bile pigments but turns out it appears to also function as an antioxidant that's a molecule that can block other reactive molecules from damaging dna or other parts of the cell bilivaridin itself is usually turned into a yellow pigment called bilirubin which is an even more powerful antioxidant one that may have a role in protecting the cardiovascular system there's some evidence to show that giving up bilivaridin to color your body or shells could come at a cost to overall health researchers studying birds that make blue eggs have suggested that mothers with bluer eggshells make them by depleting their own biliverdin supplies giving up those valuable antioxidants now theoretically an animal that uses biliverdin for coloration could just like make extra but that would mean having extra bilirubin down the line and bilirubin can be toxic in large doses and then to get around that you could theoretically tamp down on the activity of the enzyme that changes bilivered into bilirubin but it turns out that that enzyme also helps control a lot of other important functions in cells so this part is a bit speculative but there might be some evolutionary pressure to just not mess around here so while some organisms do use biliverdin for its color like those butterflies and corals it doesn't seem like evolution has opted for it all that often again though we need more research to say that for sure and also know for sure why this is or isn't happening now this isn't the only pathway that can lead us to a blue pigment and for this next part we need to turn to our friends the plants plants can make a type of pigment called anthocyanins these are pigments found in blue flowers and they have enough conjugated bonds to do the job but they are unsurprisingly also super unstable in order to work they need very specific working environments ones that might be harmful for the cells as a whole like special acidities or the use of dangerous compounds so to keep them stable plants have to put them inside special compartments within the flower cells called vacuoles that way the plant can adjust the ph add metals or extra molecules or do whatever it needs to keep those blue pigments happy without applying those same tweaks to the whole cell unfortunately for any would-be painters that also means if you take the pigments out of the flower they tend to lose their color really fast but there are some solutions to the blue dilemma like chroma proteins these are proteins with color anthocyanins and biliveradines aren't proteins they're complex molecules but in the scheme of things relatively small proteins are made up of chains of amino acids and are much larger more complicated molecules than our other options but turns out they can be a good way for life to you know improve itself the most notable blue chromoprotein life makes may be hemocyanin the molecule that some invertebrates use to carry oxygen in their blood it's the equivalent of our red colored hemoglobin and the difference is partly thanks to metals hemocyanin has an atom of copper while hemoglobin uses iron horseshoe crabs for instance have hemocyanin in their blood and it is a beautiful baby blue color another example of a chroma protein is found in lobster shells lobsters get their dark bluish hue by taking two molecules of the normally red pigment astaxanthin and sticking them together they are then bound up in a protein to create beta-crustocyanin which is deposited in the lobster's exoskeleton protein parts form weak chemical bonds with the pigment which act kind of like conjugation and that they lower the energy needed for the electrons and the normally red astaxanthin to jump states that makes the complex blue fun fact this is also why lobsters turn red when you cook them the astaxanthin is freed from the protein as the protein part heats up and falls apart and voila you have a red shell crabs have a similar deal and other blue chromoproteins exist in some mollusks and jellyfish so while there are a few ways organisms have solved the blue pigment dilemma it ends up being a lot of hoops to jump through compare this to structural blues which are complex in their own right but often made of relatively easy to make building blocks like collagen so you don't have to use toxic substances nothing that could potentially interfere with the functioning of a cell to be clear here we're not saying organisms like considered their options and went with structures over pigments rather over the course of evolution they were just more likely to stumble on a blue structure rather than a blue pigment given all of the constraints on blue pigments which actually brings up a pretty decent question why go to the trouble of having pigments at all why do we have so many red and yellow pigments after all the molecules in structural colors are cheaper to make and more stable since they aren't absorbing light energy all the time this is literally why colors fade in sunlight the light energy molecules absorb can sometimes break them splitting the molecules apart or twisting them into new colorless forms so you also don't have to worry about structural colors fading but in a poetic turn of events while it's easy to make structural blue and hard to make chemical blue it turns out it's actually really hard to make structural reds you can get reds with iridescence where the color changes depending on the viewing angle think of a black bird's wing or an oyster's shell but it's much harder to create a pure red because blue light creeps in and pollutes it yellows and oranges are really hard too so blue is actually kind of special in that you can employ structural color to get vibrant blues so to recap it is hard for life to make blue pigments because it's hard for life to make the right kind of molecules they're often big or need a lot of help or require some cellular shenanigans to work right scientists are continuing to look for new blues of course we found a lot of exciting blues in the ocean for instance in the marine life not in the water to be clear like we know the water is blue that's structural actually not pigment and we're not going to open that whole can of worms because i think we already have an episode on it and finding and understanding these pigments could help us create better or more environmentally friendly paints and dyes but also it's amazing to look at the rainbow of colors life gives us and then be able to point to just one of them just the blues and say you know this one's special before we go i wanted to talk about the awesome socks club a thing that my brother john and i are starting which will definitely not give you the blues unless some of the socks are blue which i think that they will be this is your way to dress up your feet with 12 unique snazzy designs each created by a different designer every month of 2021 and 100 of after tax profits will go to decreased maternal and child mortality in sierra leone so your fancy feet will be helping other people too but the catch is you have to order by december 11th so we know how many socks to make so go to awesomesocks.club scishow to learn more


history is littered with examples of dominant forces that later fell by the wayside the Roman Empire disco music Dallas Cowboys and so it is in the tech world which is why we created the first episode of our something part series where are they now to kick things off we're gonna look at some of the ways that we all used to enjoy digital media before Spotify and YouTube came along starting with the venerable real player from real networks if you grew up in the 90s you probably used real player at some point whether it was to listen to music or watch a video clip as it was one of the very first streaming applications to gain widespread popularity in fact the first ever sporting event streamed live online was over real audio back in 1995 of course the real in real audio probably oversold the players capabilities during real players Zenith in the late 1990s and early 2000s most people were running painfully slow dial-up connections which meant that their streams were often fairly low quality assuming they worked at all and real player was notorious for being a clunky error-prone program that was jam-packed full of advertising but it was still a piece of tech that most people tolerated because few other programs delivered streaming media that is until Microsoft and Apple started providing their own streaming software in their consumer operating systems and also made streaming software freely available for administrators who previously had been forced to pay real networks to get this functionality on the servers for their websites and then as time went on standards like Adobe Flash made the clunky Real Player more and more irrelevant but believe it or not Real Player is actually still around today as a general-purpose media player supported by ads and subscription fees even if the general consensus is that other media players like VLC accomplished the same tasks in a simpler package bottom line I don't see Real Player making a big comeback anytime soon next up winamp which was a more general-purpose music player than real player debuting in 1997 it quickly caught on with PC users around the globe and eventually boasted a user base of around 90 million right out of the gate people loved its resource light operation it's incredible customizability guys Winamp skins were big way before csgo ones and its ease of use all you had to do to build a playlist was select and drag some mp3s in to win a pen boom you could be your own personal DJ it was a really cool idea at the time unsurprisingly when ABS demise was largely the work of bigger companies AOL bought went up in 1999 and used it as a vehicle for expanding its own internet service by asking users to sign up for a o L whenever they try to install win up to fight the fact that AOL's parent company could have just made money by offering their huge music library to win abusers instead what an idea and since many winamp users were music enthusiasts and power users who cared about audio quality and the overall listening experience the integrated AOL ads and the fact that their beloved player had been taken over by a company known for a sandboxed internet service was pretty off-putting goodbye combined with the iPods release in 2001 which required rival prog iTunes to function Winamp was never able to fully realize its potential though its user base actually kept growing until 2007 thanks to its popularity with users outside of the US where it was developed when F was eventually sold to a Belgian company and an updated beta appeared in 2016 with another update in 2018 a new version is actually expected sometime this year but the many years of neglect combined with the popularity of modern streaming audio services means that while in amp still has about 30 million users worldwide it's unlikely to recapture its past glory finally there's possibly the most infamous of them all Napster a file-sharing service that quickly became known as a hotbed for music piracy the basic idea behind Napster was that it allowed users to directly download music from the computers of other users suddenly giving the public access to tons of free music including hard-to-find tracks so all you needed to do to be the cool kid in class was to know how to use Napster and have a CD burner of course the record companies sued Napster and won because the courts found that while Napster wasn't providing the music itself it was aware that copyright infringement was going on on its network and had the ability to stop it but failed to do so this differs from torrent applications like Cubitt torrent which only allow users to connect to any of thousands of servers that provide tracker files it's a much less centralized approach and a more difficult target after the original Napster was forced to shut down the Napster logo and Brent actually lived on they were purchased and have since changed hands a few times with each subsequent owner attempting to capitalize on Napster's name recognition to sell licensed music both on a personal basis and through a subscription model Napster was eventually bought by Rhapsody and actually still exists today as a streaming music service with a monthly fee similar to Apple music so I guess it goes to show you guys if Napster can go legit anyone can yeah okay fair point except you guys are you concerned about a data breach causing your credit card info to fall into the wrong hands then check out today's sponsor privacy calm go to privacy comm slash tech wiki to get a free easy-to-use service that hides your credit card number when you shop online cards are super easy to set up you just create an account link your virtual cards to your checking account or debit card add a limit and you're all set they've also got a browser extension that auto fills information for you while you're making a purchase and since they make their money from the merchants there's no cost to you in fact if you sign up today you'll get five bucks of privacy cash for free I don't know if they call it that I made that up whatever privacy calm forward slash tech quickie five bucks free privacy online you can't lose so thanks for watching guys like check out our other videos subscribe and I will see you next time I won't see you I can't see you it's a camera


it doesn't take much these days to make you feel like you're living in Orwell's 1984 our smart speakers are listening to us Facebook isn't being very careful with our data and what about those little cameras on all of our computers and phones are they spying on us without us even knowing it well it might not be something that you think of regularly but there definitely have been instances of webcam hacking where people were spied on in compromising situations and as you may have guessed it's often not easy to tell if this is happening to you so to find out more we reached out to Troy Hunt famous for creating the website have I been pwned and we'd like to thank him for his contributions to this video so there are a few tricks that you can use to see if your webcam has been activated without your consent I'm pretty obvious tell is if that light that's attached to the webcam turns on unexpectedly though you probably don't need us to tell you that the wrinkle in that whole plan is that the absence of a light doesn't necessarily mean that no one is watching you see while some webcams have a light that is hardwired into the circuitry and that will always turn on if there's a signal being sent through the camera itself many others have a light that is in fact software driven meaning that a skilled hacker could turn the light on and off at will and making matters worse it's very difficult to figure out which kind of light your webcam has however not every trick that hackers use to spy on you is super elegant so do pay attention if the light does come on unexpectedly when you open your web browser or launch an unrelated program the culprit might be a compromised browser extension or application that you may be able to simply remove easily other less well-designed pieces of malware can leave traces on your PC for example some of them will leave copies of recorded video somewhere on your hard drive often in the default folder that recordings are saved too so be sure to check for videos that you don't remember recording if you think someone might be watching you there is some good news though it's actually becoming harder and harder to accidentally get infected by malware that will spy on you through your webcam back when applets like Java and flash were far more common in browsers it was easier to fall victim to malware of this type including spyware that could potentially take over your webcam and it could happen simply by visiting an infected website these days because of these security concerns Java and flash are far less common plus operating systems are automatically patched quite frequently and the more walled garden nature of mobile operating systems makes it even more difficult to pick up malware passively on devices like those instead social engineering reliant attacks that rely on tricking the user into revealing information on their own like phishing or remote access Trojans are more common ways to have your webcam compromised remote access Trojans which allow a bad actor to control the user's computer over the Internet are quite common in tech support scams but you can actually learn more about right here additionally hackers that focus on getting into webcams tend to do it in a more target specific manner which makes sense if you think about it cyber criminals who are out to steal financial information often try to cast a very wide net and get the account information of as many victims as possible because like money is money no matter who it comes from right but webcam spying is often motivated by a perpetrators desire to surveil a particular target maybe a business rival or a former lover or a celebrity who they think they might be able to blackmail that means that you could fall victim to a targeted phishing attack or even have surveillance software installed on your machine when you aren't looking now that isn't to say that there haven't been instances of hackers attempting to spy on people at random just to satisfy some voyeuristic tendency or even sell the footage on online black markets but the bottom line is just be careful about what kind of enemies you make or if you think that people are after you all it takes is a small piece of cardboard over your webcam and no one will be able to look through it guess that really is the bottom line of this one isn't it meet your bottom line create a beautiful website with squarespace's all in one platform to help out your bottom line with Squarespace their award-winning templates make creating a powerful online identity easier than ever before and every template is a starting point for a wide range of projects including creating something like an online store where you can manage your inventory and your orders all through the Squarespace platform Squarespace provides award-winning 24/7 support via live chat and email and they've also got live webinars and help guides available on their website you can transfer your third-party domain to Squarespace so instead of working with multiple vendors to maintain your online presence you can manage all of your domain and billing settings in one place and the best part is you can try out Squarespace for free just go to Squarespace com forward slash tech quickie and then once you decide you love it use code tech quickie to get 10% off your first purchase so thanks for watching guys like dislike check out our other videos leave a comment if you have a suggestion for a future fast as possible and don't forget to


if you've ever used a laptop in your life chances are you know what it's like when it gets way too hot for comfort it's it's uncomfortable unsurprisingly when you try to pack that many electronic components in such a small space heat is a real issue and there's actually an entire industry based around trying to keep laptops cool but other than you know getting burns on your skin from an overheated computer how do you know when your laptop is actually too hot one easy thing to keep an eye on is your cpu temperatures obviously it's quite normal to see your cpu heat up under heavy use but if your laptop feels painfully hot or if it's behaving strangely my laptop wouldn't do that download a reputable hardware monitoring utility and check your processor's core temperatures both amd and intel specify temperatures of around 100 degrees celsius as a maximum but a good rule of thumb is that if you're getting over 90 degrees under load you should probably try to cool your laptop down and for you gamers out there this is a good guideline for your discreet gpu as well and your attitude maybe a short break is in order before you start friendly firing on your support units you know but processor temperatures aren't the only thing to watch out for batteries don't particularly like excessive heat either i mean does anyone and their tolerances are lower than they are for cpus the lithium ion batteries common in modern electronics should be kept below 45 degrees celsius although they can operate at higher temperatures up to around 60 degrees or so some laptops will stop charging once the battery temperature hits 45 degrees if your battery is often running at high temperatures under load its life might be shortened and it might even swell up on you like physically get larger which can damage other laptop components i once had a laptop trackpad start to bulge out of its housing because the battery underneath was swollen not good and on the subject of high temperatures causing deformation heat can actually cause the soldering inside the machine to crack or warp infamously this phenomenon was at the center of a controversy that happened a little over 10 years ago called bump gate sounds pretty fun that involved nvidia and apple see nvidia sold a bunch of gpus to apple that turned out to be defective but the issue wasn't the gpu dies themselves instead the soldering that held the dye onto its package arranged into small balls called bumps was apparently made of a different material that didn't behave in the way nvidia expected once they heated up as a result many of these bumps expanded excessively leading them to break entirely some reports indicated that failure rates were as high as 40 percent to this day relations between apple and nvidia are rumored to be quite frosty no putt intended and apple started switching many of its macs to amd graphics in the wake of bump gate though it's never been confirmed exactly how big of a role that particular incident played but back to heat inside your laptop we know that it's bad but if your monitoring software indicates your temperatures are too high how do you cool things off well you start off with the simple things a good old big glass of ice water just kidding don't don't do that was a joke you can check the ambient temperature of the room you're in try operating your laptop on a hard level surface to ensure that the air vents will have clearance to breathe and blow out those vents with some compressed air to make sure they aren't clogged with dust if this doesn't work it's not a bad idea to check that any fan curves you've set aren't somehow messed up and if you're still scratching your head pop off the panel and ensure all the fans are running properly and aren't unplugged or straight up dead now if you haven't fixed the problem at this point you gotta start asking questions about your competency as a laptop repair person just kidding a good cooling pad to set your laptop on might be a good idea you don't necessarily need anything super expensive just find something well reviewed and remember if you're in the market for a new laptop you can save yourself a headache by reading or watching reviews and making sure the model you're looking at hasn't been too hot to handle for other customers although there are lots of great laptops out there some of them just aren't designed all that well when it comes to heat dissipation so do your due diligence so you don't end up with a laptop bezel you could fry an egg on even if you're feeling a little peckish for a breakfast sandwich they say breakfast is the most important meal of the day it helps your brain and you know what else is good for your brain brilliant if you're a student a professional or just someone who wants to understand the world better check out brilliant the website that helps you reach your learning goals by helping you work on them just a little bit every day brilliant offers interactive explorations and a mobile app to help you master concepts in math science and computer science the courses take complex concepts and break them up into bite-sized chunks over time you'll be amazed at what you can accomplish we suggest checking out their mathematical fundamentals course which has been redesigned with interactive features to help you with the foundational concepts behind algebra number theory and logic which make it a great resource for stem students the first 200 people to head to brilliant.org techwiki will get 20 off an annual premium subscription so do that guys hey thanks for watching this video guys like the video if you want to dislike the video if you want to do that check out our other videos uh comment below with video suggestions and don't forget to subscribe and follow


[Music] [Music] on the Earlham Jacob food drive [Music] 2020 Chrysler 300 limited all-wheel drive without launch control dad power definitely dad power horsepower torque 300 horsepower and 260 4 pound-feet of torque from a 3.6 liter v6 well it doesn't feel like 300 horsepower but it definitely feels like around 260 pound feet of torque so why in the heck are we driving a Chrysler 300 wasn't this car made in 2005 why wouldn't we drive a Chrysler 300 we've driven other old cars like Toyota Tundras and mostly other just Toyotas okay so how many Chrysler vehicles exist to this and the Pacifica yes this is the only car that Chrysler makes and I had to double check that because I thought the 200 still existed I'm actually shocked that this still exists so I think the best way to describe this is if this was 2005 if somebody rolled up in like a Buick LeSabre that would be the equivalent cuz this is like old simple but still at 20/20 yeah and it's still kind of relevant in this class of big non luxury sedans well I mean it's that kind of luxury like American hope most luxury that's the thing this is the most luxurious in its class because it's not like an s-class but realistically this is an old people car oh for sure it is but it's like it's really comfortable and easy and like I don't have a problem with that when I got in this car everything was simple the only confusing part was to change the direction where the fan blows I had to do that through the infotainment and the heated seats and the heated steering wheel okay but not confusing for you but confusing for someone that's older that would probably just get in here and think it's a hard button yeah like Auto would be their life and that's it yeah so this is all wheel drive and it is built in Canada I believe in Brampton which also makes the Hellcats muscle cars built in Canada the fastest ones since its season oh yeah thank you thanks yeah that's not a joke we're actually just trying to protect ourselves everybody wash your hands yes PSA this is the hand sanitizer subscription break so as I mentioned it is all-wheel drive but it's a really cool all-wheel drive system which is mostly rear-wheel drive unless a couple factors happen so if it sends a slip it will go to all-wheel-drive which means you probably can't do a burnout just like the Dodge Challenger and then if it's below 4 degrees Canadian then it also goes all-wheel-drive that C stands for Canadian that's right yeah yeah and then F stands for American I've seen it switch around a lot it is pretty cool like on the highway rule drive like that's nice you know you're saving fuel yeah you see it through the gauge cluster which is cool that they have that feature so I guess we should probably talk about looks even though you've been seeing them on the road forever I remember when they came out I'm like is this kind of like a Bentley Rolls Royce knockoff it really is it is a poor man's Bentley Rolls Royce for sure so they've changed the grille over the years and it's not as big and wide and spaced out now it's like a tighter cooler pattern which is more modern yeah but you can definitely still get aftermarket Bentley grilles for it yeah yeah and then we got the Chrysler logo up front which is kind of cool because you don't really see it anymore that's right yeah it's on hill in Pacifica or this headlights headlights look decent but the LEDs are disconnected which bothers me and it doesn't go all the way around like I feel like there could be such a better headlight pattern but again this is old yeah so like whatever yeah I remember when they first came out there like halogen bulbs and stuff yeah yeah the first Chrysler 300 kamo 2005 the last Plymouth Prowler was made in 2002 think about that everybody just unsubscribe from us think about how close that was right that is pretty shocking side view side view looks kind of like a tank which is really cool and that's kind of what they did when they made this because everyone was kind of like in fear so I read this thing where when they designed it they wanted people to feel secure in it yeah well it definitely looks badass yeah it does still to this day it's got a lot of wheel gap probably because the all-wheel-drive system but this car did a lot for people modding this like dub video games for PlayStation and stuff yeah this is a cover of everything 28 on it and thirty twos and whatever cuz I feel like this is one of the first cars that came out with big wheels yeah probably in this class and in the size they really embraced what people were doing in the aftermarket okay do you like the wheels on this no yeah they're kind of like whatever looking but like the 300s and C always look better yeah I mean this thing would look a lot better with 28 but you know yes and what is the Continental recommended tire for the Chrysler 300 the extreme contact DW so6 do you like the body lines on this I do it's got really hard lines especially the fenders yeah on the back when you have the trunk the body line and defender flare it all pops really nicely but don't you feel like the trunk doesn't look like it's as long as it should be yeah but the trunk is really big but from the outside I know what you mean box test just kidding we do not box test sedans but here's what the trunk space looks like pretty decent obviously fits some carry-ons you know we have a grocery bag hanger on either side that's pretty nice because it's Church spec and then how about the back end back end looks pretty good I always thought the Chrysler 300 look great from behind this one has nicer taillights then when they first came out obviously but it does have a cool LED pattern around it yeah and then we've got some 2020 real exhausts yeah you can see right through it's kind of gross but like unacceptable at the same time this is class this is just such a weird car that the fact that like Chrysler only has two cars and they're still making this like pretty much everything is the past yeah I wouldn't leave forgot that this existed for a little while and if we look for our reverse camera it's right in our third brake light which is also where our trunk open button is yeah I actually just thought those were screws so great job on that one so overall looks-wise of the Chrysler 300 I mean I still like it I didn't not like it and it still looks cool yeah I feel like I feel like they're mid-cycle refresh did a lot but it also didn't do too much pretty much they need like a full model refresh maybe like the Chrysler 400 I feel like this is just gonna die out and they're only gonna make the Pacifica well the Chrysler 300 existed a long time ago so they'll probably bring it back in a couple years do you remember what the old one looked like yeah it looked pretty wild do you remember that 300m or whatever it was that was basically like an intrepid it looked like an intrepid like wide-body and slugged out yeah that was weird it was kind of cool of like kind of weird well even like the Pacifica was an SUV before it was the minivan that is true Chrysler's just like and then there was an SRT 8 version of this as well yeah like huh it's interesting car yeah then if we move inside and start with the infotainment we've got the new style fca-- infotainment like we have on like the Dodge Ram not the tall version yeah you get this on the Hellcat you getting this in everything I guess the RAM RAM I'm sorry but yeah it's like a good infotainment that works just fine yeah we've covered it many times we do have Android auto apple carplay everything works flawlessly I'd say volume knob tuning knob which actually works that's kind of been our biggest rant lately is how badly everybody in the industry has screwed up tuning knobs you have been butchering them in so many different ways just deleting them and just with nothing or like weird scrolling things that don't work then we've got a cool gauge cluster with an analog tach and an analog speedo then a digital speedo in the middle that hits every number it's big and clear it's not cluttered it's pretty much perfect the only thing that bothers me is the blue light around everything it's like really bright well you can turn it down with this physical slider here on the left at night so it doesn't become blinding but then it turns down everything not just like the glow yeah yeah I guess it's like too much glow you know in Photoshop when usually drag the outer glow a little too far that's what it looks like to me and lastly there is a reverse camera here it's the same quality as everything else they're putting out right now it's not the best but it's okay it's just it's so dark in the middle and then it lightens up towards the outside but you can definitely see out of it yes vision occurs through it all right so it's your turn to drive so you can talk about the interior quality or the handling and power of that stuff but we should use an old meme to switch driver positions I just flip the switch flip flip sport mode that's they just drive well I would have got to hockey by now okay it's decent it's definitely decent so first let's talk about the drive modes there are none like zero there's D and L L is not launch control if you get the S you actually do get a sport mode on the shifter oh nice well we just have low gear mode yeah and then we don't have paddles which is fantastic because you don't need them in this yes so both this engine when you're already driving and you floor it it's pretty decent and down shifts relatively quick it's linear power it's as much as you'd really need just a normal car stuff yeah like it's not exciting and it's not slow either so it's like it's right on where it should be yeah and I'm fine with it like driving it all week has been chilled yeah and the transmission is really smooth it's an 8-speed Auto I believe it is a ZF unit so you know you're getting something that's pretty good it's smooth when you're just shifting normally it's relatively smooth when you're flooring it overall I really like this drivetrain the all-wheel drive system I haven't really noticed being too intrusive or anything like that I haven't driven it in winter but I'm sure it's totally fine in the winter as well yeah it'll get you out of any stuck situation that you'll probably get it even though you really don't need it if you just have good winter tires exactly well let's send this into cliche corner and let's see how much body roll we have there's a lot and that's all tire squeal so yet you can't really send this thing too hard I'm also moving around physically a lot because the seats are not bolstered at all you do slide but imagine how fun and srt8 version it'd be pretty fun like really cool yeah so talking about handling it is really comfortable you definitely don't want to be sending this thing into corners too much unless you get the older srt8 probably but this thing for daily driving will be fantastic when for bumps potholes whatever great yeah and what I also like about daily driving this is how fat the tires are like you could parallel park this car maybe touch a curb and not scratch your wheels yeah because there's so much sidewall yes like it's so good so let's talk about the steering it is exactly what you expect it feels like a boat it's just kind of rocks everywhere it takes like a lot of input not like strength input just a lot of turning before something actually happened it's definitely effortless yes sort of and it's really nice for like parking lot turning real quick with what hand just ripping it real quick yeah and you're also gripping grain you know much I'd like to do that we're not at the interior part yet okay so you want to start that let's start it right now grip and grain okay this have fake wood pattern and it's old people style fake wood pattern but when we say old people we're not saying in a bad way it's just the style you know for them yeah that's what you'd expect in a car for people of that class yeah in class and it's kind of nice like when the light hits it all right it's pretty cool and because it's not gloss black when it's dirty you can't even tell if it's the pattern or if it's dirty which is great and this pattern is a lot like the first g90 that we drove yeah I'd like that fire would kind of yeah yeah when I say firewood I mean like wood that looks like it's on fire yeah and a staple in every luxury vehicle we have an analogue clock front and center yes it's cursor 200 also has one oh that doesn't exist though I know but I'm just saying okay that was not electrical and mmm did drive that car in an ad yes if it didn't work I imported from Detroit this is the Motor City this is what we do and I guess the next thing we gotta test is the visors okay three well two one yes and extensions man Chrysler really nails it then the cup test I got this small cup of coffee why does it look like it's already got some coffee spilled because I lifted it up from kind of the lid like I had to and it spilled absolutely everywhere and that's why we do the small cup test so that is a fail that is a fail but I think if it was like a name-brand like a Tim user McDonald's they would have had a better lid so it would have been fine but you know that's why I do the test or Starbucks just in case there's response for us nobody's answering it if you are your name on a cup oh my patreon.com/scishow straight pipes I am some new pants ah I know we gotta wipe this in theory that's why I wear dark blue jeans so you can't tell if I peed myself or spilled coffee should we pull over now it's fine all right I'll tell you it's the lid moving along from that let's talk about this class exclusive rotary e-shift er I mean it's very intuitive but I just like to point out that they put it the second most foremost thing on the website about this vehicle after how luxurious it is in its class this is how important this is yeah I glass exclusive just ran out of stuff it's got no what they have in the RAM right yeah except it was like up on the dash yeah anyways I like it doesn't get in the way I have no issues with it yeah because in the Pacifica I had an issue with it because it was laggy remember how it would switch and it would delay them this is like right on so there's no issues yes yeah thanks for putting me neutral hour Jeff hey you know I want to talk about next what this weird pattern up above here cuz it's soft material like it is in the challenger's and stuff yeah but it's like what material is this there's just so much of it and it looks really cheap I think this material is called 2005 yes it must be but it's soft like this car would get a big bump if it was something different like even how it looks here with the stitching in it it's still weird okay and how about the soft touch brown we have everywhere I love it it's super comfortable for my elbows I got no issues with it my only issue is that the armrest in the middle doesn't really slide forward so at my height this position it's not really the best for keeping my elbows on for a long drives for you it's probably perfect however you should telescope the wheel fully because it's telescopes a lot and then it would probably help because for me I love this and what you think of the seats seats are super comfortable no bolstering but they're super comfortable for daily driving road trips whatever we've got a lot of adjustable lumbar however they are somewhat firm seats I find them to be completely comfortable like no issues well like nowheres near as soft as an Altima no whoa yeah yeah that's not a seat that's that's my gauge okay and then as for headrests they're really far back I did notice laughs well yeah not really an issue I don't think probably good if you have a pony tail yeah or if you have your HD vision glasses how about backseat room since this is a full-size sedan it is fantastic for me at six foot one and a half legroom and Headroom how do you like this a double sunroof I actually really like it and it is an option you don't have get it then we also have the garage door opener stuff up here as well you're running out of things to talk about we also have radar cruise and a lane departure system which definitely does stop you from departing lay in space yeah it's not a lane Center anything no not at all so I guess that's pretty much it with the 300 hit me with the price this one starts at forty eight thousand one hundred and ninety five dollars Canadian and this one's sitting at fifty four thousand six hundred and ninety dollars not gonna lie it's a little high I think it is but this is a full-size sedan so you should expect to pay around that and it is kind of luxurious like this is considered American luxury I think I'd say this is fairly luxurious so what does this compete with I actually had to look this up because these are some cars that I don't really think about too often so the charger okay Avalon ok Avalon the Impala which I didn't know they still made interesting the Nissan Maxima and the Kia cadenza ok so this wouldn't be like this is like almost luxury exactly we're like trying to be luxury it's the most luxurious in its class because those are the competitors yes of all that I'd probably be team cadenza we haven't reviewed any of those other cars so I don't really know where I stand on that like we've checked them out and everything but like yeah I think the Avalon is the most refreshed the cadenza is also the most refreshed so I think this would be like second or third but again haven't driven those and then my step-brother drives a Chrysler 200 just by chance they happen to get one and I showed him this and he was actually so stoked on all the little features that this hasn't that didn't like he was actually stoked on this clock so you do a stoked on the heated seats all that stuff telescoping steering wheel yeah and reverse camera so I guess if you're coming from a 200 you would probably like the 300 as well there he goes so let us know anything you can about the Chrysler 300 tell us stories leave some comments we need to know more information about why this cars still for sale ok I have a story I know it's late in the video hit me with it I used to work for National Car Rental I was a jockey I used to drive these things between locations is the most fun I've ever had at her job so I drove a 300 C for the first time and it was faster than a Mustang I was blown away at how fast it was that was the fastest car I ever drove at the time when I had cool story bro thank you so check out this playlist upset dance look right here the band's reasonably priced the dancers interest pulse again in a couple size


milk is nutritionally complete food that contains almost everything that's needed for survival and growth whole milk contains six major components vitamins proteins minerals fats sugars and water in terms of vitamins there were two major types water soluble and fat soluble the water soluble ones are pretty constant but the level of fat soluble vitamins depends on the fat content when fat is removed from milk to produce things like skim milk some of the fat soluble vitamins are taken out with it because of this vitamins like vitamin A and vitamin D are usually added after the fat is removed there are many different proteins in milk but the two main types are casein and whey the proportion of each will vary depending on the milk source for example most of the protein in cow's milk is casein but most of the protein in human milk is way I'm going to go into more detail about the proteins later in the video milk is a good source of minerals and I've listed the major ones here many of them are present assault compounds for example calcium phosphate which is a combination of calcium and phosphorus a large portion of the minerals are associated with the casein proteins and the rest are dissolved in the water the fat in milk is a mixture of triglycerides triglycerides don't mix with water and in milk they're present as an extremely fine suspension of small droplets if we take a look at the structure we can see that it's a bunch of long molecules attached to a small backbone the backbone is made from glycerin and the tails come from a group of molecules known as fatty acids a lot of fatty acids are quite stinky but not when they're incorporated into a triglyceride when milk goes bad the triglycerides start to break down which releases the stinky fatty acid in terms of sugar the main one is lactose lactose is known as a disaccharide because it's a combination of two smaller sugars glucose and galactose people who are lactose intolerant lack an enzyme called lactase which normally breaks the bond between these two sugars so for this video I'm going to be separating some milk into the different components that I just mentioned milk is routinely processed into many different things like cheese and protein supplements and I thought it might be interesting to show you guys where this comes from so to separate the milk I just need a few things sodium carbonate acetic acid and ethanol the only component that I won't be separating out here is the fat and that's because it's done using a centrifuge I really don't have the proper setup to do that so I'm starting with skim milk if you decide to repeat the process that I'm doing here it's really important that you use skim milk because any fat will mess things up a magnetic stir bar is added to a beaker and I pour in about 200 milliliters of skim milk the stirring in the heat and then I add a thermometer the goal now is to heat the milk to about 40 to 50 C and to keep it there for 15 minutes from this angle it might be hard to tell but it is in fact stirring anyway after 15 minutes the thermometer is removed and I start to add acetic acid the acetic acid is added in small portions and awaits several seconds between each addition after the second addition a lot of solid stuff starts to form the solid stuff is casein protein that's precipitating out of solution in milk casein exists as its calcium salt called calcium caseinate the structure of the salt is complex and it's composed of three forms of casein alpha beta and Kappa together they form a stable structure called a micelle part of the Kappa casein has a lot of polar residues which can favorably interact with water so on its polar side it interacts with water and on its nonpolar side it's in contact with the alpha and beta casings here's an artistic structure of the casein micelle each circle is a sub micelle which is a mixture of all three types of caseins the outside layer is enriched with Kappa casings and internally the sub micelles are held together by calcium phosphate interactions the micelles are not technically dissolved in the milk and they exist as a colloidal suspension the stability of the micelle is heavily dependent on its interaction with calcium the pH of milk is around 6.6 and at this pH the casein has a net negative charge that can interact with calcium when acid is added the net negative charge is neutralized and this interaction is lost because of this the stable suspension of casein is compromised and it starts to agregate the same process occurs when milk starts to sour bacteria in the milk ferment lactose to lactic acid which drops the pH and causes the casein to clot this process of separating casein is how cheese and casein supplements are made the characteristics of the cheese that is produced depends on many factors like the origin of the milk its fat content the bacteria that's used to ferment it how long it's aged etc the last little bit of acetic acid is added but it doesn't really do too much because at this point pretty much all of the casein has already precipitated I continue to stir things for a little bit and you can see that most of it has clumped up into this large ball to separate it from the liquid I filter it through a little bit of cotton you once everything is filtered through I wash the casein and the filter with a little bit of hot water the funnel is then removed and the solution is placed back on the hot plate the stir bar is removed from the beaker with the casein and it's quickly cleaned using a paper towel for the time being the casein is placed on the side and I cover the beaker with some plastic wrap okay so at this point I've separated off one thing but I still have the albumen the minerals and the lactose to get out in the next step I need to heat things but lactose is sensitive to hot acidic solutions so before proceeding on I need to neutralize any acetic acid that might remain and to do this I use a little bit of calcium carbonate calcium carbonate is insoluble in water so if it doesn't react here it's pretty easy to filter off the calcium carbonate added and the stirring turned on I cranked up the heat the goal now is to heat the solution to about 90 C and to hold it there for 10 minutes so what we're doing here is separating out the whey proteins whey proteins are the proteins that are still dissolved in solution after the casein has been removed the two major whey proteins in milk are albumins and lacto globulin when the solution is heated to boiling the structure of the proteins are compromised and they become denatured they're no longer able to dissolve in the water and they precipitate out when acetic acid and calcium carbonate react they form co2 gas which can cause some foaming here as a solution heats up the foaming might get more intense and it's possible for it to bubble over in my case I didn't really have any problems but it's something to be aware of if you decide to do this yourself just keep an eye on it and have a container sitting around to catch anything if it does end up overflowing after boiling it for 10 minutes I take it off the hot plate I let the beaker sit undisturbed for about 30 seconds and things quickly settle at the bottom the solid at the bottom is a mixture of unreacted calcium carbonate and precipitated proteins now that most of the solids have settled I move on to filtering the solution is passed through two coffee filters which I've put inside the glass funnel it's a good idea to try to filter off just the liquid portion first and then to add the solids after if everything is added all at once the filter will quickly get clogged and it will just take a long time once everything is passed through I use a little bit of warm distilled water to wash both the beaker and the filter filter is then removed and I squish out some of the excess water the filter paper was then spread out and allowed to dry it was really hard to see against the white background but there was actually some white solid that still remained so to get rid of it I just quickly filtered it again the solution that passes through is still a little bit opaque but there's no white solid the beaker is then transferred to the hot plate and I need to boil away a lot of the water a stir bar is added and I crank up the temperature on the hot plate to speed up the evaporation I also set up a small fan with this setup the evaporation was actually pretty quick when I got down to around 125 milliliters the solution became opaque I continue to evaporate the water until the volume was around 40 milliliters when the stirrings on some of the liquid is pushed up the sides and we also get some foaming so the volume reading isn't super accurate so I turned off the stirring and let things settle to try to get a better reading because I was filming this I tried to do it all in the same shot but I really should have taken the beaker off the hot plate it bumped pretty violently and shot a small amount out of the beaker actually kind of scared me when it happened and I quickly turn the stirring back on in the beaker I now have a concentrated mixture of lactose and minerals and I need to separate them to do this I add 150 milliliters of 95% ethanol this mixture is then brought to a boil and it's boiled for five minutes the lactose is soluble in this hot ethanol solution but the minerals aren't so they should remain undissolved like when I filtered off the albumen I let the beaker stand for something like 30 seconds and most of the solid sank to the bottom this hog ethanol solution was then filtered through a couple coffee filters the beaker in the filter funnel were washed with a little bit of warm ethanol by the time the filtration is done the solution below has cooled a little and lactose starts to precipitate out I get the beaker back on the hot plate and already a lot of lactose has fallen out of solution anyway I turn the stirring in the heating and with the help of the fan I evaporate the ethanol down to around 70 milliliters by the time I get to 70 milliliters a whole bunch of lactose has precipitated the beaker is removed from the hot plate and put somewhere to cool down it's covered with some plastic wrap to prevent the hot ethanol from evaporating once it cooled to room temperature I put it in a fridge for about a week lactose is really not soluble in ethanol but the crystallization can be pretty slow in the meantime I went and got the casein from earlier and I added it to a blender I also added about 200 milliliters of distilled water I put on the lid and then I blended it for about 30 seconds on a low setting the goal here is to break up the casein and to just give it a good washing once I felt like I had mulched it up enough I moved on to filtering it everything was transferred to the filter and the blender was washed with a small amount of distilled water once all the water had passed through I was left with this goopy stuff to further wash the casein and to dry it up I added some 99% isopropyl alcohol once everything had passed through I washed it again with the alcohol then once all of this alcohol had filtered through the casein was transferred somewhere to dry a few days later all of the filter papers were very dry the solid from each was then scraped off and weighed about four days later the lactose ethanol mixture was removed from the fridge and filtered off everything was transferred to the filter and the beaker was washed with a little bit of cold ethanol once everything had passed through I add a bit more cold ethanol to wash the lactose the filter is then removed and the lactose is allowed to dry over the course of a day the ethanol evaporated and I was left with a nice fluffy powder the lactose was weighed and added to a piece of paper and this was grouped with the other solids that I collected the number at the top left corner of each paper just represents the order that they were isolated in with everything isolated I can compare my results with the average composition of skim cow milk casein is associated with a lot of lactose and minerals so it makes sense that the mass I recovered is higher than expected the ratio of casein - whey protein in cow's milk is about 80 to 20 but what I got was closer to a 70/30 split the mass of the whey protein is buffed up a little bit due to unreacted calcium carbonate the lactose that was recovered was about 2.6 grams less than expected I imagine that most was lost in the casein and some probably stayed dissolved in the ethanol the minerals were also less than expected but again most of the missing stuff is probably stuck in the casein just for fun I try to remake the milk from the powders that I got I wanted to make 100 milliliters so I put in about half of everything that I recovered it was quite chunky and would definitely have a hard time dissolving so I quickly put it through a coffee grinder I transferred it back to the beaker and then I added a hundred milliliters of warm water I stirred it around for a few minutes but no matter what I couldn't get everything to dissolve milk is a careful balance of proteins interacting with minerals and sugars to get everything suspended or dissolved all of my proteins are denatured so the casein is not going to go back into suspension and the albumin is not going to dissolve the difference between what I have here and powdered milk is that in powdered milk the proteins are still functional in either case just for fun I tried to taste the milk to see what it was like and it tasted horrible it was especially horrible because some of the bittering agent used in the ethanol was passed on to the lactose anyway that's about it I hope this video was able to teach you guys a little bit about milk so before I let you guys go I just want to mention one last thing a good friend of mine is part of a new nonprofit organization here in Montreal that's called Project pinpoint project pinpoint is a community initiative working to raise funds which will be used to promote safety and security of Quebec youth the goal is to raise $15,000 through fundraising and various other community events all proceeds will be donated directly to the Montreal based Missing Children's Network I think this is a really good cause I've already donated $100 and I'm going to be involved in a few of the events so if you guys have time you should check out their website at project pinpoint CA or drop a like on their Facebook page links to everything will be in the description so as usual I'd like to thank everyone who's supporting me on patreon everyone who supports me will see my videos 24 hours before I release them to YouTube on top of this all of my supporters can directly message me on patreon with any questions or comments that they have and I do my best to respond within about a day or so to all of my patreon messages if you support me with five dollars or more you'll get your name at the end of the video like you see here


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find
out
how
you
can
get
three
months
of
a
free
where's
that
you
get
on
the
road
yeah
yeah
he's
on
be
like
I
just
gonna
be
here
I
mean
up
with
you
guys
yeah
let's
pick
a
spot
li-mei
typical
yeah
I
think
that
Jake
just
went
straight
over
yard
what
was
the
joke
oh
I
know
said
I
might
be
a
bit
like
a
little
start
a
2x2
up
in
these
hills
all
the
way
to
see
him
again
he's
getting
[ __ ]
which
getting
bit
oh
you
did
tech
trash
gonna
go
chill
they're
loud
why
would
you
come
my
boys
why
would
you
say
that
the
door
with
a
jack
ever
[ __ ]
you've
got
this
Sammy
and
everything
okay
really
dude
that
looks
like
almost
dead
look
at
that
[ __ ]
nope
with
your
semi
quick
I
[Music]
[Music]
like
it
Oh
suck
my
dick
[ __ ]
this
weird
and
messy
I'm
dead
oh
you
killed
let's
do
this
let's
do
this
chuck
your
vulva
that
sees
black
oh
I
am
close
I
got
like
a
bunch
of
guns
on
me
I'm
coming
back
boys
dottie
time
gonna
get
bolted
I'm
gonna
Zig
around
a
long
way
I
killed
Tom
gone
rostra
and
I
were
really
excited
and
spazzed
out
into
some
autism
I
was
it
[Laughter]
[Music]
annoy
him
if
he
knew
it
was
the
owner
of
the
show
me
where
can
you
get
this
cancer
for
like
two
seconds
after
hear
your
voice
yes
story
cancer
did
you
get
kicked
in
the
nuts
how
about
let's
just
[ __ ]
voice
wait
someone's
out
front
of
their
base
now
that
how's
Matt
I
think
they
came
out
let's
go
he
called
me
the
enemy
close
he's
come
up
to
you
was
it
fun
there's
heaps
of
them
get
back
Lord
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
[ __ ]
back
oh
my
god
holy
[ __ ]
Oh
Hill
one
headshot
him
and
wondered
push
let's
go
I'm
[ __ ]
damn
stop
them
on
the
wrong
damn
situation
I
fell
doesn't
get
read
say
don't
leave
without
me
don't
take
that
[ __ ]
[Laughter]
[Music]
[Laughter]
this
game
good
attitude
after
being
raided
all
right
sellout
all
right
Sal
oh
all
right
side
up
so
wall
yeah
I'm
feeling
good
ginger
[ __ ]
doing
it
feels
all
right


welcome
back
wow
what
a
what
a
time
to
be
sitting
at
home
watching
YouTube
couldn't
think
of
a
better
time
for
anyway
so
a
lot
of
you
have
asked
me
to
do
a
video
on
corona
flash
so
it
looks
like
yet
again
Uncle
Don
is
the
guiding
light
in
times
of
darkness
which
is
either
terrifying
or
lifting
was
I
like
to
see
terrifyingly
uplifting
so
what
we
got
here
is
looking
to
cut
through
all
the
media
[ __ ]
and
get
right
down
to
the
facts
coronavirus
pros
and
cons
what
are
they
let's
find
that
now
we're
gonna
go
ahead
and
start
with
the
cons
to
get
all
the
negativity
behind
us
which
was
actually
my
new
year's
resolution
and
as
you
can
see
with
a
little
bit
of
positivity
I
have
survived
World
War
3
the
death
of
the
goat
all
right
P
Australia
being
completely
[ __ ]
on
fire
and
the
worst
pandemic
since
the
dad
buy
tick
tock
[ __ ]
tick
tock
Oh
God
have
mercy
on
our
[ __ ]
souls
but
coronavirus
bring
it
to
[ __ ]
on
we're
gonna
start
here
with
the
Big
D
death
okay
so
now
lead
in
the
fact
the
chances
of
you
dying
in
from
coronavirus
I
actually
pretty
small
compared
to
let's
say
blown
when
your
[ __ ]
brains
out
when
you
tend
the
day
starts
talking
about
birth
charts
which
are
wait
for
it
astronomical
but
anyway
death
pretty
obvious
time
no
arguments
there
but
you
could
make
the
argument
that
death
could
be
poor
now
hear
me
out
death
the
eternal
slumber
and
who
hasn't
wanted
to
sleep
forever
I
know
I
have
question
is
waking
up
the
worst
part
of
your
day
then
I've
got
the
solution
for
you
dead
but
wait
there's
more
the
wait
there's
not
cuz
you
dead
was
that
just
a
sales
pitch
for
death
yes
yes
it
was
and
now
I
know
things
are
getting
pretty
grim
pretty
fast
here
but
so
is
this
[ __ ]
year
so
I'm
saying
it's
like
maybe
now
is
not
the
worst
time
to
hit
that
termina
snooze
button
five
more
minutes
forever
okay
next
nother
kind
here
the
big
one
is
a
huge
one
miss
this
is
probably
the
biggest
one
I
mean
I'm
coming
I
might
move
it
up
but
with
this
Jim
and
his
wife
okay
now
mrs.
Jim
cuz
you
sick
is
no
laughing
matter
like
girls
who
think
the
funny
cuz
they're
flowing
saw
taxer
literally
nobody's
laughing
now
there's
no
secret
here
that
meatheads
biggest
fear
is
not
that
his
own
safety
but
the
safety
of
his
games
like
a
mother's
instinct
to
protect
too
young
also
like
a
mother
you
raised
you
games
since
books
these
are
your
muscle
children
your
bronze
fine
game
babies
power
Jack
kids
so
we
stuck
at
home
not
being
able
to
lift
and
watch
any
games
with
away
you
die
if
the
Fate
was
that
should
we
die
it's
enough
to
bring
a
leg
they
skipper
to
fullback
now
on
the
other
hand
all
the
people
missing
the
gym
because
they're
sick
is
a
definite
problem
that
we'll
have
access
to
a
virtually
empty
gym
so
you
can
superset
best
with
more
bench
creep
interested
thought
to
be
brightness
on
high
take
selfies
without
shame
and
calm
squat
rack
with
a
[ __ ]
hand
kiss
and
on
top
of
that
now
you
will
have
the
advantage
in
your
quest
to
be
the
most
alpha
in
the
gym
now
what
everyone
is
quarantine
and
right
away
you'll
leave
the
Jim
Gordon
games
like
[ __ ]
toilet
paper
cuz
you'll
be
[ __ ]
on
these
babies
and
now
the
woods
from
our
sponsor
fight
a
good
form
fit
digital
scale
and
body
analyzes
being
a
meathead
without
a
scale
is
like
Instagram
without
lights
how
are
you
supposed
to
know
how
helpful
you
are
if
you
can't
measure
it
thanks
to
the
form
fit
digital
scale
and
body
analyze
them
now
you
can
keep
track
of
every
pound
you
gain
it's
like
bowling
you
gotta
break
it
150
to
be
considered
alive
over
200
your
Rolling
Thunder
and
you
hit
more
extras
in
a
drum
catch
three
hundred
and
up
your
whole
[ __ ]
week
there's
more
to
it
it
also
tracks
your
body
fat
so
you
can
tell
people
you
percentage
like
a
pack
of
ground
beef
and
it
also
tracks
your
muscle
mass
so
you
know
what
percent
me
head
is
in
your
DNA
Oh
surprises
here
I
am
99%
muscle
mass
the
other
1%
is
a
hundred
percent
muscle
mass
hundred
ninety
nine
percent
pure
muscle
baby
what
there's
more
it
even
tracks
you
bone
density
and
no
not
the
kind
of
thought
at
first
which
let
me
tell
you
is
dancing
and
drinking
a
glass
of
peanut
butter
but
like
your
skeleton
lastly
it
even
measures
your
water
weight
so
you
can
stop
or
start
blaming
creatine
for
your
water
retention
to
get
sixty
percent
off
this
scale
click
the
link
in
the
description
below
vitae
good
is
that
time
slash
broke
science
discount
code
bro
science
back
over
the
Khans
economic
depression
now
there's
a
lot
of
concern
and
the
coronavirus
will
trigger
an
economic
depression
with
businesses
shutting
down
people
unable
to
work
and
not
being
able
to
get
supreme
hoodies
from
China
as
you
see
this
is
a
major
issue
but
joke's
on
you
economy
our
entire
generation
was
born
in
a
depression
it's
called
life
and
it
[ __ ]
sucks
so
take
a
seat
economy
grab
some
hearts
else's
banging
down
a
few
cities
and
make
some
memes
to
cope
with
depression
like
the
rest
of
us
seriously
grow
up
tired
[ __ ]
whining
on
the
breast
just
[ __ ]
this
[ __ ]
deal
with
it
economy
whatever
I'm
dealing
with
it
I'm
telling
it
just
fine
they'll
see
me
[ __ ]
why
not
get
a
[ __ ]
therapist
okay
oppression
isn't
real
this
happiness
even
real
okay
Pro
excuse
the
goose
chase
what's
the
hardest
part
about
being
a
[ __ ]
boy
carrying
the
weight
of
the
guilt
of
emotionally
scarring
women
[ __ ]
now
I'm
a
gym
rat
I
can't
reuse
this
[ __ ]
for
fun
the
hardest
part
is
coming
up
with
fresh
excuses
to
get
out
of
hand
with
girls
before
2:00
a.m.
but
now
thanks
to
coronavirus
I
can
just
tell
her
I'm
practicing
social
distancing
to
minimize
the
spread
of
the
disease
now
this
way
I
sound
like
a
hero
and
I
also
don't
have
to
see
you
out
in
public
for
anything
that
what
we
resembles
a
date
instead
what
I
can
do
is
with
2:00
a.m.
rolls
around
I
can
hit
her
up
for
some
Q&A
quarantine
in
a
gym
you
can't
spread
cooler
virus
to
angle
but
you
can
spread
them
cheeks
people
might
say
who
told
you
that
who
did
I
did
but
who
told
me
that
who
did
who
would
look
who
told
who
told
you
that
I
told
you
that
who
told
me
that
whoo
whoo
whoo
whoo
though
we
have
a
[ __ ]
spook
damn
Sun
cool
and
then
I
was
like
anybody
get
me
on
board
time
no
sports
I
mean
without
sports
what
a
bro
supposed
to
talk
about
to
convince
people
than
that
get
what
am
I
supposed
to
gamble
why
all
my
money
on
Bitcoin
again
come
and
thinking
with
oh
that's
not
bad
I
did
VidCon
when
he's
actually
super
low
right
now
so
it'd
actually
be
a
perfect
time
to
invest
so
that
way
if
the
world
ends
all
have
millions
of
dollars
in
fake
money
and
a
cloud
wallet
that
I
can't
take
out
a
huge
to
buy
anything
honestly
though
I
think
about
it
the
more
it's
like
why
haven't
I
done
this
before
oh
I
did
I
did
do
this
before
and
I'm
also
I
lost
a
lot
of
money
but
it's
not
real
money
so
I
didn't
lose
it
did
I
drop
cheese
plates
it's
Yolo
season
baby
now
it's
those
voicings
that
Corona
slogan
is
fine
G
Beach
and
now
thanks
to
coronavirus
you
can
find
that
beach
for
17
dollars
round
trip
one
way
because
you're
going
to
be
cast
away
on
that
beach
like
Tom
Hanks
[ __ ]
Tom
Hanks
[ __ ]
get
well
soon
for
Splunk
dice
o'clock
that's
a
guy
Kyle
emails
analyst
[ __ ]
emails
from
every
company
on
earth
about
how
the
handling
cold
wave
19
no
I
don't
need
to
know
how
pokemon
gold
is
handling
cloning
wax
and
I'm
like
90
sure
you
started
this
[ __ ]
and
you
gone
outside
interacting
with
people
was
a
bad
[ __ ]
idea
now
look
it's
stuck
inside
not
able
to
interact
with
people
or
go
outside
even
if
we
wanted
to
which
we
dumped
raw
work
from
home
now
looking
from
home
is
pretty
much
the
American
dream
it's
like
being
stay-at-home
mom
without
having
to
go
on
Facebook
to
validate
now
our
job
is
well
liked
being
an
influencer
without
having
to
go
on
Instagram
to
validate
your
entire
existence
pull
trial
run
for
zombie
apocalypse
now
to
me
the
quota
virus
in
comparison
to
let's
say
zombies
feels
like
God
is
just
lobbing
us
a
softball
ugalla
let's
see
how
you
deal
with
it
it's
like
the
intro
level
to
a
video
game
with
the
difficulty
set
too
easy
so
you
learn
the
controls
and
you
don't
die
instantly
so
that
way
you
know
when
he
comes
with
the
[ __ ]
high
heat
and
someone
out
of
them
[ __ ]
a
raccoon
and
kicks
off
World
War
Z
this
time
we'll
be
prepared
probably
I
think
but
the
mean
zone
will
be
lit
Paul
good
hygiene
now
this
is
actually
incredible
that
has
to
be
on
the
boy
but
I'm
pretty
sure
before
the
coronavirus
everyone
thought
hygiene
was
just
those
high-waisted
pants
that
just
wanna
hide
the
Fupa
but
now
thanks
to
the
spread
of
this
disease
we
are
now
learning
how
to
wash
our
hands
looking
at
you
people
who
don't
shower
before
the
gym
smelling
like
socks
and
[ __ ]
vinegar
he
was
disgusting
selfish
and
lastly
to
round
out
the
pros
sheep
Corona
now
because
the
coronavirus
Corona
beer
stock
has
actually
dropped
which
is
[ __ ]
absurd
to
think
that
people
would
actually
believe
there's
any
correlation
between
coronavirus
and
Corona
beer
but
the
good
news
is
cheap
[ __ ]
Corona
it's
like
beat
the
clock
iqbal
ready
to
Jersey
Shore
except
the
clock
is
death
and
the
Jersey
Shore
is
no
longer
the
biggest
threat
to
public
safety
dishes
among
Delano
because
I'm
not
taking
any
[ __ ]
chances
I
am
taking
checks
so
if
you
want
a
sponsor
me
Montel
please
subscribe
to
my
youtube
channel
new
videos
every
pandemic
that
forces
you
to
sit
inside
and
watch
nothing
but
YouTube
videos
lucky
me
make
sure
to
go
to
downloads
calm
to
stock
up
on
essentials
for
these
hard
times
just
remember
if
you
die
that's
the
outfit
you're
gonna
be
wearing
forever
so
it
might
as
well
be
fresh
like
this
tracksuit
bandana
pull
up
Matt
out
should
which
is
great
if
you
want
to
procreate
the
best
selling
baby
grody
should
the
hit
quarantine
game
do
you
even
live
now
you
can
be
stuck
in
a
room
with
people
for
weeks
while
you
prove
to
them
why
they
[ __ ]
suck
and
why
you
better
[Music]
you