I have been a vegetarian now for over 10 years. I love it and do not miss meat at all. I despise it now actually. 
Well, you're joining a tradition with ancient Indian and Greek roots. Those civilizations also despised meat!
Yes, I have read into those histories. They believe that animals are also God creation and are His children as well and should not be killed especially for our own tongues.
Generally a policy of nonviolence toward animals, yes. But modern vegetarians advocate nonviolent treatment of animals for any purpose, not just consumption.
Yes, that is a modern things for sure because in old history they also made things from animals but only after the animal died a natural death.
Its resurgence in the 19th and 20th centuries is likely due to the increased industrialization of the world. Greater food availability and all that.
You think? I would say that its resurgence is from all cruel slaughterhouses that are getting videoed for the public to really see what is going on to these poor animals. In the old days people killed their on farm animals and now people pay others to kill because they can't do it themselves.
You're thinking in much more modern terms: late 20th and 21st century. Calorically dense foods (meat) aren't as necessary with greater industrialized food production.
I see. You are right. That makes sense. But people still eat too much meat anyways it seems.
It seems like we're due for a new food policy, influencing the operation of our agriculture systems to be more productive towards non-meat options.