When you sing ,  sounds with the voice and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques.
Yes the vocal cords are a fascinating thing.  It takes a lot of understanding and technique to be able to control your voice well enough to sing.
A voice type is a particular human singing voice identified as having certain qualities or characteristics of vocal range, vocal weight, tessitura, vocal timbre, and vocal transition point
I'm not sure what vocal type I would fall into.  I have a high pitched voice for my age and I can reach higher notes than some but I wouldn't call myself a professional or anything.
There is no authoritative system of voice classification in non-classical music as classical terms are used to describe not merely various vocal ranges, but specific vocal timbres