Isn't the piano like the base for all instruments and music? 
I don't know about that, but it's pretty popular and is actually short for "pianoforte."
Sounds like latin or something. When was the piano made? 
It was invented around 1700 but the exact date is unknown
Is there names for specific parts of the piano?
Yes there is a keyboard, strings, and hammers.
What about the electronic keyboard piano? Do you know any interesting facts about it?
Yes, they can imitate a wide range of sounds like the organ and even the violin.