Common Fuel Types and Uses

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.110 --> 00:00:02.680
- [Narrator] Not all
fossil fuels are the same.

00:00:02.680 --> 00:00:05.470
And this is because different
kinds of organic material

00:00:05.470 --> 00:00:07.790
were heated and compressed
in different ways

00:00:07.790 --> 00:00:10.610
creating different kinds of fossil fuels.

00:00:10.610 --> 00:00:13.620
One of these kinds of
fossil fuels is petroleum.

00:00:13.620 --> 00:00:15.010
The word petroleum comes

00:00:15.010 --> 00:00:17.430
from the Latin word for rock, petra,

00:00:17.430 --> 00:00:20.020
and the Latin word for oil, oleum.

00:00:20.020 --> 00:00:23.150
This makes sense because it's
an oily substance that's found

00:00:23.150 --> 00:00:25.230
in reservoirs trapped in rock.

00:00:25.230 --> 00:00:28.500
Humans have been using
oil for a very long time.

00:00:28.500 --> 00:00:30.570
Early civilizations found it bubbling up

00:00:30.570 --> 00:00:32.670
from the ground at natural wells.

00:00:32.670 --> 00:00:33.930
The oil they saw coming straight

00:00:33.930 --> 00:00:37.650
out of the earth is called
crude oil or crude petroleum

00:00:37.650 --> 00:00:41.070
which means that it is
unrefined and unprocessed.

00:00:41.070 --> 00:00:43.340
Crude oil was probably
one of the ingredients

00:00:43.340 --> 00:00:46.030
in Greek fire, which was
a flame throwing weapon

00:00:46.030 --> 00:00:48.410
that the Byzantines would
fling at their enemies.

00:00:48.410 --> 00:00:51.360
Today, we refine crude
oil into many products

00:00:51.360 --> 00:00:53.970
like gasoline and diesel for vehicles,

00:00:53.970 --> 00:00:57.610
kerosene for heating, and
asphalt for road construction.

00:00:57.610 --> 00:01:00.763
It's also used to make
plastics and synthetic fabrics.

00:01:01.740 --> 00:01:04.130
Another type of fossil fuel is coal

00:01:04.130 --> 00:01:06.580
which we mostly burn to make electricity,

00:01:06.580 --> 00:01:09.880
but it can also be used
for heating and cooking.

00:01:09.880 --> 00:01:12.840
It's a solid, shiny black flammable rock

00:01:12.840 --> 00:01:15.270
which is mostly formed
from the carbon remains

00:01:15.270 --> 00:01:18.070
of fossilized plants like moss.

00:01:18.070 --> 00:01:21.010
Over thousands of years,
plant material transforms

00:01:21.010 --> 00:01:24.010
into a carbon-rich compound called peat,

00:01:24.010 --> 00:01:26.820
and then with some pressure,
it becomes soft coal

00:01:26.820 --> 00:01:28.680
which is called lignite.

00:01:28.680 --> 00:01:32.580
And then with more pressure,
it becomes bituminous coal.

00:01:32.580 --> 00:01:36.500
And then finally it becomes a
hard coal called anthracite.

00:01:36.500 --> 00:01:38.800
The longer the plant remains
are put under pressure,

00:01:38.800 --> 00:01:41.210
the more energy dense it becomes.

00:01:41.210 --> 00:01:44.450
So if you burned anthracite,
you would get a lot more energy

00:01:44.450 --> 00:01:46.240
than if you burned peat.

00:01:46.240 --> 00:01:49.740
Burning coal releases carbon
dioxide, sulfur dioxide,

00:01:49.740 --> 00:01:53.270
nitrogen oxides, and
other gases into the air

00:01:53.270 --> 00:01:56.880
so coal is one of the
dirtiest fossil fuels.

00:01:56.880 --> 00:01:59.930
The cleanest burning
fossil fuel is natural gas

00:01:59.930 --> 00:02:02.760
meaning that it emits the
least amount of carbon dioxide

00:02:02.760 --> 00:02:04.540
or other air plumes.

00:02:04.540 --> 00:02:06.300
This is not the same type of gas

00:02:06.300 --> 00:02:08.070
as we put into our vehicles.

00:02:08.070 --> 00:02:09.890
That type comes from petroleum.

00:02:09.890 --> 00:02:12.090
Instead, natural gas is mostly used

00:02:12.090 --> 00:02:14.680
for generating electricity, heating homes,

00:02:14.680 --> 00:02:16.550
and cooking food.

00:02:16.550 --> 00:02:19.170
Your oven, furnace, water heater, dryer,

00:02:19.170 --> 00:02:22.090
or grill all might run on natural gas.

00:02:22.090 --> 00:02:25.570
Natural gas is a naturally
occurring mixture of gases

00:02:25.570 --> 00:02:28.520
and it's mostly made
up of methane, ethane,

00:02:28.520 --> 00:02:30.720
propane, and butane.

00:02:30.720 --> 00:02:33.470
The gas is colorless and odorless

00:02:33.470 --> 00:02:36.170
so natural gas companies
often add a rotten egg smell

00:02:36.170 --> 00:02:39.470
to the fuel to make
leaks easier to detect.

00:02:39.470 --> 00:02:42.460
But even though we can't
see or smell natural gas,

00:02:42.460 --> 00:02:46.270
humans have been detecting it
and using it for centuries.

00:02:46.270 --> 00:02:49.100
There's evidence that
more than 2,000 years ago,

00:02:49.100 --> 00:02:51.480
people in China created bamboo pipelines

00:02:51.480 --> 00:02:53.880
to transport the gas so
that they could use it

00:02:53.880 --> 00:02:57.150
to boil salt water and
separate out the salt.

00:02:57.150 --> 00:02:59.150
And today we still use pipelines

00:02:59.150 --> 00:03:00.960
to transport gas across land,

00:03:00.960 --> 00:03:03.313
although they're no
longer made out of bamboo.

00:03:04.390 --> 00:03:06.400
Another kind of non-renewable resource

00:03:06.400 --> 00:03:08.450
is nuclear fuel.

00:03:08.450 --> 00:03:11.750
Nuclear power plants
don't burn fossil fuels,

00:03:11.750 --> 00:03:14.010
instead they split uranium

00:03:14.010 --> 00:03:16.700
through something called nuclear fission.

00:03:16.700 --> 00:03:19.050
Just one kilogram of uranium

00:03:19.050 --> 00:03:23.010
can produce 24 million
kilowatt hours of energy.

00:03:23.010 --> 00:03:25.210
Compare that with one kilogram of coal

00:03:25.210 --> 00:03:28.580
which can produce eight
kilowatt hours of energy.

00:03:28.580 --> 00:03:32.640
In other words, nuclear fission
produces a lot of energy.

00:03:32.640 --> 00:03:34.770
It also produces a lot of heat

00:03:34.770 --> 00:03:36.783
which we mostly use to make electricity.

00:03:37.750 --> 00:03:41.170
Also, nuclear energy is
known as a clean energy

00:03:41.170 --> 00:03:43.300
because the only greenhouse gas emission

00:03:43.300 --> 00:03:45.680
is water vapor which tends to cycle

00:03:45.680 --> 00:03:46.900
out of the atmosphere faster

00:03:46.900 --> 00:03:49.120
than other greenhouse gases.

00:03:49.120 --> 00:03:51.280
But the downside is the spent fuel

00:03:51.280 --> 00:03:53.740
is a dangerous radioactive waste

00:03:53.740 --> 00:03:57.623
and recycling the nuclear waste
is dangerous and expensive.

00:03:59.270 --> 00:04:02.760
Petroleum, coal, natural
gas and nuclear fuel

00:04:02.760 --> 00:04:06.250
make up 85% of the world's
energy consumption.

00:04:06.250 --> 00:04:08.840
But as our populations
and our energy needs grow,

00:04:08.840 --> 00:04:10.810
it's becoming more important to integrate

00:04:10.810 --> 00:04:13.410
renewable resources, the
sources that could be restored

00:04:13.410 --> 00:04:16.450
by natural processes, into our energy mix.

00:04:16.450 --> 00:04:18.030
Here's something to think about.

00:04:18.030 --> 00:04:21.030
What's something that you do
in your day that uses energy?

00:04:21.030 --> 00:04:23.390
Does that energy come from fossil fuels?

00:04:23.390 --> 00:04:25.950
And if so, which one?

00:04:25.950 --> 00:04:27.960
Understanding how you get your energy

00:04:27.960 --> 00:04:30.920
is part of understanding
what powers your community,

00:04:30.920 --> 00:04:33.253
your country, and the world.


Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Resources

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.190 --> 00:00:03.900
- [Instructor] Today, let's
talk about energy resources.

00:00:03.900 --> 00:00:06.140
You've probably already
done something today

00:00:06.140 --> 00:00:08.160
that used energy resources,

00:00:08.160 --> 00:00:10.500
even beginning from
the moment you woke up.

00:00:10.500 --> 00:00:12.330
For me, the beginning of my day

00:00:12.330 --> 00:00:14.600
always starts with making tea.

00:00:14.600 --> 00:00:17.430
I use energy in every
step of this process.

00:00:17.430 --> 00:00:20.010
My car uses oil when I
drive to the grocery store

00:00:20.010 --> 00:00:21.150
to get the tea,

00:00:21.150 --> 00:00:24.410
my stove uses natural gas
when I boil the water,

00:00:24.410 --> 00:00:27.410
and my water heater uses
coal-sourced electricity

00:00:27.410 --> 00:00:30.020
when I wash my mug in
hot water afterwards.

00:00:30.020 --> 00:00:33.060
We use energy constantly
in our daily lives.

00:00:33.060 --> 00:00:35.120
Since the first law of thermodynamics

00:00:35.120 --> 00:00:38.570
states that energy cannot
be created nor destroyed,

00:00:38.570 --> 00:00:42.560
where does it all come from
and will we have enough?

00:00:42.560 --> 00:00:44.750
When we talk about energy resources,

00:00:44.750 --> 00:00:46.960
we could split it up into two groups:

00:00:46.960 --> 00:00:50.930
renewable energy and nonrenewable energy.

00:00:50.930 --> 00:00:53.440
I can always remember what
renewable resources are

00:00:53.440 --> 00:00:55.940
because the prefix re means again

00:00:55.940 --> 00:00:59.240
and the root new refers the
origin of the energy source,

00:00:59.240 --> 00:01:01.090
so renewable energy sources

00:01:01.090 --> 00:01:03.480
are the sources that we
can use again and again

00:01:03.480 --> 00:01:06.640
and are quickly restored
by natural processes.

00:01:06.640 --> 00:01:10.270
Renewable fuel sources
include sunlight, wind,

00:01:10.270 --> 00:01:13.150
moving water, biomass
from fast-growing plants,

00:01:13.150 --> 00:01:15.880
and geothermal heat from the earth.

00:01:15.880 --> 00:01:19.220
The lifespan of renewable
resources looks like a circle.

00:01:19.220 --> 00:01:21.460
We can use them and then
we can use them again

00:01:21.460 --> 00:01:23.320
without worrying about them running out.

00:01:23.320 --> 00:01:25.900
Nonrenewable energy
sources on the other hand,

00:01:25.900 --> 00:01:28.260
are sources that exist in a fixed amount

00:01:28.260 --> 00:01:30.120
and cannot be easily replaced.

00:01:30.120 --> 00:01:33.430
These energy sources must
be extracted from the earth,

00:01:33.430 --> 00:01:38.140
and they include things like
nuclear fuel and fossil fuels,

00:01:38.140 --> 00:01:42.240
which are things like
coal, oil, and natural gas.

00:01:42.240 --> 00:01:45.130
Fossil fuels were formed
in the geologic past

00:01:45.130 --> 00:01:47.510
from the remains of ancient organisms.

00:01:47.510 --> 00:01:50.580
Plants and animals that
died millions of years ago

00:01:50.580 --> 00:01:54.410
became buried in the soil,
partially decomposed,

00:01:54.410 --> 00:01:57.153
and were exposed to a
lot of heat and pressure.

00:01:58.380 --> 00:02:01.030
This heat and pressure
chemically rearranged

00:02:01.030 --> 00:02:03.150
the energy contained within their bodies

00:02:03.150 --> 00:02:05.670
into the fossil fuels we use today.

00:02:05.670 --> 00:02:09.620
Because they take so long to
form, we have a finite amount

00:02:09.620 --> 00:02:12.710
of nonrenewable resources
in the earth right now.

00:02:12.710 --> 00:02:16.010
The lifespan for fossil
fuels is a broken loop,

00:02:16.010 --> 00:02:17.880
a one-way ticket.

00:02:17.880 --> 00:02:20.380
First, the fossil fuel is found,

00:02:20.380 --> 00:02:22.980
then it has to be extracted.

00:02:22.980 --> 00:02:24.390
Extracting fossil fuels

00:02:24.390 --> 00:02:26.650
can involve destructive mining processes

00:02:26.650 --> 00:02:29.190
that can pollute surrounding habitats.

00:02:29.190 --> 00:02:32.760
It then has to be transported
to wherever it will be used.

00:02:32.760 --> 00:02:35.940
And using fossil fuels means burning them,

00:02:35.940 --> 00:02:37.720
which releases greenhouse gases

00:02:37.720 --> 00:02:40.270
and other pollutants into the atmosphere.

00:02:40.270 --> 00:02:41.880
Also, it can take energy

00:02:41.880 --> 00:02:44.310
to refine and process
some types of fossil fuel

00:02:44.310 --> 00:02:45.910
so that they're more helpful to us,

00:02:45.910 --> 00:02:48.410
like turning crude oil into petroleum gas,

00:02:48.410 --> 00:02:50.070
diesel, and jet fuel,

00:02:50.070 --> 00:02:53.080
and burning the fossil
fuels transforms that energy

00:02:53.080 --> 00:02:57.343
into a less organized form
of energy like heat and ash.


Comparing rates example

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.420 --> 00:00:01.920
- [Instructor] We're told
that a conservationist

00:00:01.920 --> 00:00:04.080
has the hypothesis that when squirrels

00:00:04.080 --> 00:00:05.820
are more crowded together,

00:00:05.820 --> 00:00:08.610
they have higher rates of aggression.

00:00:08.610 --> 00:00:11.730
The table below shows
the area of three parks

00:00:11.730 --> 00:00:14.280
and the number of squirrels in each,

00:00:14.280 --> 00:00:16.290
that's given right over here.

00:00:16.290 --> 00:00:20.580
Order the parks from least
crowded to most crowded.

00:00:20.580 --> 00:00:22.170
Based on the crowdedness,

00:00:22.170 --> 00:00:24.990
in which park would the
conservationist expect to see

00:00:24.990 --> 00:00:27.540
the highest rate of aggression?

00:00:27.540 --> 00:00:30.303
So pause this video and see
if you can figure this out.

00:00:31.260 --> 00:00:34.590
All right, now let's work
through this together.

00:00:34.590 --> 00:00:37.920
So we wanna order the
parks from least crowded

00:00:37.920 --> 00:00:39.660
to most crowded.

00:00:39.660 --> 00:00:41.910
So how can we think about crowded?

00:00:41.910 --> 00:00:42.900
Well, we could think about it

00:00:42.900 --> 00:00:46.290
in terms of the number of squirrels.

00:00:46.290 --> 00:00:51.290
Squirrels per area, per hectare.

00:00:53.760 --> 00:00:56.490
And so something with a lot
of squirrels per hectare

00:00:56.490 --> 00:00:57.540
would be more crowded,

00:00:57.540 --> 00:00:59.610
and something with fewer
squirrels per hectare

00:00:59.610 --> 00:01:01.260
would be less crowded.

00:01:01.260 --> 00:01:02.820
You could also, if you wanted to,

00:01:02.820 --> 00:01:06.720
think about it in terms
of hectares per squirrel,

00:01:06.720 --> 00:01:09.330
this would also be a
legitimate way of tackling it.

00:01:09.330 --> 00:01:12.360
And of course, if you have
more hectares per squirrel,

00:01:12.360 --> 00:01:13.727
that would be less crowded.

00:01:13.727 --> 00:01:14.640
It would be the other way around.

00:01:14.640 --> 00:01:16.920
While if you had fewer
hectares per squirrel,

00:01:16.920 --> 00:01:19.050
it would be more crowded.

00:01:19.050 --> 00:01:20.460
But here, when we look at this,

00:01:20.460 --> 00:01:22.920
the numbers of squirrels
are larger than the number

00:01:22.920 --> 00:01:25.770
of hectares in every scenario.

00:01:25.770 --> 00:01:28.020
So it might be a little bit
easier to divide in this one.

00:01:28.020 --> 00:01:30.780
And this is also how my brain
tends to think about it.

00:01:30.780 --> 00:01:33.870
So let's calculate the number
of squirrels per hectare

00:01:33.870 --> 00:01:35.970
for each of these parks.

00:01:35.970 --> 00:01:39.120
So, first of all, let's
think about park A,

00:01:39.120 --> 00:01:41.460
and I will do that over here.

00:01:41.460 --> 00:01:46.050
Park A, you have 54 squirrels.

00:01:46.050 --> 00:01:51.050
I'll write squ for short,
per every eight hectares.

00:01:53.940 --> 00:01:56.100
And so this is going to be the same thing

00:01:56.100 --> 00:02:01.100
as 54 over eight squirrels per hectare.

00:02:02.610 --> 00:02:04.650
And we could try to estimate it,

00:02:04.650 --> 00:02:07.080
but it looks like they're all actually

00:02:07.080 --> 00:02:09.450
a little bit around seven

00:02:09.450 --> 00:02:10.950
if we divide the number of squirrels

00:02:10.950 --> 00:02:12.240
by the number of hectares,

00:02:12.240 --> 00:02:15.900
so we might have to get a
little bit more precise.

00:02:15.900 --> 00:02:19.590
So let's see, eight goes into
54. I will do it over here.

00:02:19.590 --> 00:02:24.590
Eight goes into 54, it goes six times,

00:02:25.650 --> 00:02:27.900
six times eight is 48.

00:02:27.900 --> 00:02:30.870
And I subtract, I get a remainder of six.

00:02:30.870 --> 00:02:33.180
And then let me put a little decimal here.

00:02:33.180 --> 00:02:35.790
And then if I bring down that zero,

00:02:35.790 --> 00:02:39.420
eight goes into 60 seven times,

00:02:39.420 --> 00:02:41.403
seven times eight is 56.

00:02:42.318 --> 00:02:43.980
And I can keep going,

00:02:43.980 --> 00:02:45.690
but let me see if this is enough precision

00:02:45.690 --> 00:02:47.220
for me to compare.

00:02:47.220 --> 00:02:49.860
So park A is approximately,

00:02:49.860 --> 00:02:52.380
I'll make this little squiggle
here for approximately,

00:02:52.380 --> 00:02:57.070
6.7 squirrels per hectare.

00:02:58.230 --> 00:03:01.110
Now let me do park B right over here.

00:03:01.110 --> 00:03:06.110
So for park B, we have 20
squirrels, squ for short,

00:03:06.330 --> 00:03:10.950
for every 2.7 hectares.

00:03:10.950 --> 00:03:12.960
Now, one thing we can
do to help simplify this

00:03:12.960 --> 00:03:14.070
so we don't have to deal with decimals

00:03:14.070 --> 00:03:16.320
is let's multiply both the numerator

00:03:16.320 --> 00:03:18.210
and the denominator by 10.

00:03:18.210 --> 00:03:21.000
Notice that's just equivalent
to multiplying by one.

00:03:21.000 --> 00:03:25.890
So this is equivalent to
saying you have 200 squirrels

00:03:25.890 --> 00:03:30.810
for every 27 hectares,

00:03:30.810 --> 00:03:34.920
or you could view it as 200
over 27 squirrels per hectare.

00:03:34.920 --> 00:03:38.107
So let's take 27 into 200,

00:03:40.170 --> 00:03:44.670
and if I were to estimate it,
let's see, 27 is close to 30.

00:03:44.670 --> 00:03:47.790
30 would go into 200 six times.

00:03:47.790 --> 00:03:48.780
Let me try that out.

00:03:48.780 --> 00:03:51.270
So it goes into 200 six times,

00:03:51.270 --> 00:03:56.070
six times seven is 42,
six times two is 12,

00:03:56.070 --> 00:03:58.770
plus four is 16.

00:03:58.770 --> 00:04:00.510
And then if I subtract,

00:04:00.510 --> 00:04:03.480
I am going to actually
get, it looks like 38.

00:04:03.480 --> 00:04:06.660
So maybe I can fit in one more 27 there.

00:04:06.660 --> 00:04:10.863
So let me do that seven.
So seven times seven is 49.

00:04:12.300 --> 00:04:17.300
49, seven times two is 14 plus four is 18.

00:04:18.390 --> 00:04:20.970
Yep, that worked out nicely.

00:04:20.970 --> 00:04:25.830
If you subtract 189 from
200, you're going to get 11.

00:04:25.830 --> 00:04:28.680
And now let me bring down a zero.

00:04:28.680 --> 00:04:33.000
So how many times does 27 go into 110?

00:04:33.000 --> 00:04:36.090
Well, it looks like it
goes three times, I think.

00:04:36.090 --> 00:04:40.260
Three times seven is 21,
three times two is six,

00:04:40.260 --> 00:04:42.720
plus two is eight.

00:04:42.720 --> 00:04:45.810
And it looks like actually
I could fit in one more.

00:04:45.810 --> 00:04:50.760
So let's see, it might
go four times. So 110.

00:04:50.760 --> 00:04:55.500
So if they go four times,
four times seven is 28,

00:04:55.500 --> 00:04:58.890
and then four times two
is eight, plus two is 10.

00:04:58.890 --> 00:05:02.490
Yeah, it went four times,
so get a remainder of two.

00:05:02.490 --> 00:05:05.760
So we could keep going, but
this is approximately 7.4.

00:05:05.760 --> 00:05:10.760
So approximately 7.4
squirrels per hectare.

00:05:11.040 --> 00:05:15.570
So we already see that park B
is more crowded than park A,

00:05:15.570 --> 00:05:18.180
but now let's check out park C.

00:05:18.180 --> 00:05:23.180
And so for park C, we have 51 squirrels

00:05:25.260 --> 00:05:30.260
for every 6.8 hectares, 6.8 hectares.

00:05:30.540 --> 00:05:32.160
So we could do the same idea.

00:05:32.160 --> 00:05:33.450
Let's multiply the numerator

00:05:33.450 --> 00:05:35.100
and the denominator by 10,

00:05:35.100 --> 00:05:38.910
which means that we have 510 squirrels

00:05:38.910 --> 00:05:43.740
for every 68 hectares.

00:05:43.740 --> 00:05:47.910
And so 68 will go into 510.

00:05:47.910 --> 00:05:50.490
I'm guessing I'm gonna have
to have some decimals here.

00:05:50.490 --> 00:05:52.140
So it's close to 70.

00:05:52.140 --> 00:05:57.140
70 would go into 510 about seven times.

00:05:57.180 --> 00:05:58.770
Let me see how that works out.

00:05:58.770 --> 00:06:03.630
Seven times eight is 56,
seven times six is 42,

00:06:03.630 --> 00:06:06.117
plus five is 47.

00:06:06.117 --> 00:06:08.460
And I think I did well there.

00:06:08.460 --> 00:06:12.150
So if I subtract here, I
could do some regrouping,

00:06:12.150 --> 00:06:13.830
or I could try to do it in my head.

00:06:13.830 --> 00:06:16.170
To go from 476 to 500,

00:06:16.170 --> 00:06:18.960
I would have to add 24 plus another 10.

00:06:18.960 --> 00:06:23.910
So I'm gonna have 34 right
over here, bring down a zero.

00:06:23.910 --> 00:06:27.547
And so if I'm thinking
roughly 70 goes into 340,

00:06:29.520 --> 00:06:31.050
let's see, will it go?

00:06:31.050 --> 00:06:32.910
It might go five times actually.

00:06:32.910 --> 00:06:33.743
Let me try that out.

00:06:33.743 --> 00:06:37.710
If I say 7.5, five times eight is 40,

00:06:37.710 --> 00:06:39.840
and then five times six is 30 plus four,

00:06:39.840 --> 00:06:42.030
it went exactly five times.

00:06:42.030 --> 00:06:47.030
So that means in park C, we're
at 7.5 squirrels per hectare.

00:06:47.880 --> 00:06:50.610
So what's the most crowded
if I wanted to order it?

00:06:50.610 --> 00:06:53.700
Well, the most crowded is park C,

00:06:53.700 --> 00:06:55.740
the second crowded is park B,

00:06:55.740 --> 00:06:57.900
and the third most crowded is park A.

00:06:57.900 --> 00:06:59.340
And so based on crowdedness,

00:06:59.340 --> 00:07:01.830
in which park would I expect
the highest rate of aggression?

00:07:01.830 --> 00:07:03.660
Well, park C, those squirrels are all,

00:07:03.660 --> 00:07:05.040
they're much closer to each other.

00:07:05.040 --> 00:07:06.780
They might be fighting
over things, who knows?

00:07:06.780 --> 00:07:08.943
But there we go. We answered the question.


Alienated

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.120 --> 00:00:01.770
- [David] Hey Wordsmiths.
Just checking in.

00:00:01.770 --> 00:00:03.120
You doing okay?

00:00:03.120 --> 00:00:06.210
The word we're talking
about today is alienated,

00:00:06.210 --> 00:00:08.520
ay-lee-en-ay-ted.

00:00:08.520 --> 00:00:11.520
It's an adjective and it
means feeling excluded

00:00:11.520 --> 00:00:13.920
and apart from other people.

00:00:13.920 --> 00:00:15.060
Kind of a bummer word,

00:00:15.060 --> 00:00:17.370
but at the same time, a fascinating one.

00:00:17.370 --> 00:00:20.137
I can hear the question I
imagine some of you are asking,

00:00:20.137 --> 00:00:22.170
"David, does this have anything to do

00:00:22.170 --> 00:00:25.770
with aliens like from outer space?"

00:00:25.770 --> 00:00:29.520
And the answer is, well, kind
of. It's all the same word.

00:00:29.520 --> 00:00:32.550
Follow me Earthlings to
the derivation station.

00:00:32.550 --> 00:00:35.190
Let's talk about this word's origins.

00:00:35.190 --> 00:00:37.855
Did it come from outer space?

00:00:37.855 --> 00:00:42.270
(mysterious alien-like music)

00:00:42.270 --> 00:00:44.070
No, it comes from Latin.

00:00:44.070 --> 00:00:47.880
Alios or al in Latin
means different, other,

00:00:47.880 --> 00:00:50.580
or something that is alien is different,

00:00:50.580 --> 00:00:52.560
strange, new and foreign.

00:00:52.560 --> 00:00:55.500
An alien is someone from another country

00:00:55.500 --> 00:00:59.310
or in more modern language,
a being from another planet.

00:00:59.310 --> 00:01:02.850
And then ate, A-T-E is
a verb forming suffix.

00:01:02.850 --> 00:01:07.200
It turns nouns and
adjectives into action words.

00:01:07.200 --> 00:01:11.490
This robot is not active.
I will activate it.

00:01:11.490 --> 00:01:14.040
Someone needs to assign
a value to this artwork.

00:01:14.040 --> 00:01:19.040
I will evaluate it, right?
A very powerful suffix.

00:01:19.350 --> 00:01:21.870
So let's put this knowledge to work.

00:01:21.870 --> 00:01:23.640
What are some words you can think of

00:01:23.640 --> 00:01:25.500
that contain that al root?

00:01:25.500 --> 00:01:26.850
That root that means other.

00:01:26.850 --> 00:01:30.960
Or A-T-E, ate, the verb forming suffix.

00:01:30.960 --> 00:01:34.924
Okay, here we go. People of
earth. Ten second music break.

00:01:34.924 --> 00:01:38.424
(relaxing elevator music)

00:01:46.050 --> 00:01:48.510
Here are some words that I came up with.

00:01:48.510 --> 00:01:51.870
Altruism, which means
caring about other people,

00:01:51.870 --> 00:01:54.150
doing work for the sake of others.

00:01:54.150 --> 00:01:59.130
An alias, a word that means
an assumed name, another name,

00:02:00.300 --> 00:02:03.840
and captivate to capture
someone's imagination

00:02:03.840 --> 00:02:07.410
or attention, to fascinate, to charm.

00:02:07.410 --> 00:02:09.150
When you feel alienated,

00:02:09.150 --> 00:02:11.790
you feel like a stranger
in your own country.

00:02:11.790 --> 00:02:13.800
Like all the clocks are running backwards

00:02:13.800 --> 00:02:15.600
and the world is just wrong.

00:02:15.600 --> 00:02:18.420
I dunno why I'm trying to
explain this to you, wordsmiths.

00:02:18.420 --> 00:02:19.740
Nobody understands the feeling

00:02:19.740 --> 00:02:22.410
of alienation better than the young.

00:02:22.410 --> 00:02:25.950
Alone in a crowd is the vibe, basically.

00:02:25.950 --> 00:02:29.400
Let's use alienated in
some sentences, shall we?

00:02:29.400 --> 00:02:32.280
The intergalactic tourist felt alienated

00:02:32.280 --> 00:02:36.210
by the strange food stuffs
of this curious new planet.

00:02:36.210 --> 00:02:38.460
Oh no, the alien feels homesick and sad

00:02:38.460 --> 00:02:40.290
when they try to eat pizza.

00:02:40.290 --> 00:02:42.000
They don't know how to do it.

00:02:42.000 --> 00:02:44.190
Here's one that hits a
little bit closer to home.

00:02:44.190 --> 00:02:46.350
Noemi didn't get cast in the play

00:02:46.350 --> 00:02:49.920
and it left her feeling alienated
from her friends who did.

00:02:49.920 --> 00:02:51.450
There they are in the background,

00:02:51.450 --> 00:02:53.430
all crowded around the cast list.

00:02:53.430 --> 00:02:55.710
An awful feeling, all your
friends have something

00:02:55.710 --> 00:02:58.650
to do together after school
and you can't be a part of it

00:02:58.650 --> 00:03:00.390
because you're not in the play.

00:03:00.390 --> 00:03:05.040
I, I certainly don't know
what that's like, anyway.

00:03:05.040 --> 00:03:08.880
Another word for
alienation is estrangement,

00:03:08.880 --> 00:03:11.520
the feeling of being made strange,

00:03:11.520 --> 00:03:13.803
being made to feel far away.

00:03:14.850 --> 00:03:17.610
May you never feel that
feeling, wordsmiths.

00:03:17.610 --> 00:03:20.793
Or if you do, may you
never feel it for long.

00:03:21.780 --> 00:03:24.153
You can learn anything. David out.


Exclude

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.120 --> 00:00:02.220
- [David] Hey, wordsmiths,
I would never dare

00:00:02.220 --> 00:00:03.450
leave you feeling left out,

00:00:03.450 --> 00:00:05.472
so I wanna warn you that
the word we're discussing

00:00:05.472 --> 00:00:09.873
in this video is exclude, ex-clude.

00:00:10.740 --> 00:00:13.350
It's a verb, it means to keep someone

00:00:13.350 --> 00:00:16.860
or something out, to prevent access.

00:00:16.860 --> 00:00:18.990
It can have a bad connotation

00:00:18.990 --> 00:00:21.600
or feeling like keeping
people from voting,

00:00:21.600 --> 00:00:23.670
excluding them from having a vote.

00:00:23.670 --> 00:00:25.800
And it can also have a neutral connotation

00:00:25.800 --> 00:00:27.960
or feeling, like excluding coffee

00:00:27.960 --> 00:00:29.610
from your diet or something.

00:00:29.610 --> 00:00:33.330
You'll also see it as exclusion,
which is the noun form.

00:00:33.330 --> 00:00:36.720
But for now, let's talk
about its derivation.

00:00:36.720 --> 00:00:40.320
Where does this word come
from? We got ex, we got clude.

00:00:40.320 --> 00:00:41.370
What's going on here?

00:00:42.420 --> 00:00:46.140
So we have two pieces of Latin here.

00:00:46.140 --> 00:00:49.950
Ex means out as in extend or expel.

00:00:49.950 --> 00:00:53.760
Those two words mean to
stretch out or to drive out.

00:00:53.760 --> 00:00:55.890
And then clude comes
from the Latin claudere,

00:00:55.890 --> 00:00:57.600
which means to close.

00:00:57.600 --> 00:01:01.560
You sometimes see this
root pop up as clus too.

00:01:01.560 --> 00:01:03.810
So when you are excluded from something,

00:01:03.810 --> 00:01:06.810
you've been closed out,
a door has been shut,

00:01:06.810 --> 00:01:09.150
and you're on the wrong side of it.

00:01:09.150 --> 00:01:12.840
But for now, let's open the
door to some similar words.

00:01:12.840 --> 00:01:14.460
I'll put on some music, all right?

00:01:14.460 --> 00:01:16.110
And you'll take that time to come up

00:01:16.110 --> 00:01:20.640
with a few words that also
use clude or clus or ex.

00:01:20.640 --> 00:01:22.386
Ready? Let's go.

00:01:22.386 --> 00:01:25.053
(hip hop music)

00:01:33.930 --> 00:01:35.850
Here are some I thought up.

00:01:35.850 --> 00:01:38.280
Exclusive, which means special or limited,

00:01:38.280 --> 00:01:39.810
related to exclude, right?

00:01:39.810 --> 00:01:42.930
An exclusive club is very
picky about who gets in.

00:01:42.930 --> 00:01:45.000
Some people are going to be excluded from

00:01:45.000 --> 00:01:47.100
or kept out of the club.

00:01:47.100 --> 00:01:51.060
Or an exclusive offer is
limited time only, act now.

00:01:51.060 --> 00:01:56.010
To conclude, to end something,
literally to close together,

00:01:56.010 --> 00:01:58.770
like drawing the curtains at a theater.

00:01:58.770 --> 00:02:02.640
Or secluded meaning out
of the way or private

00:02:02.640 --> 00:02:06.720
from Latin parts sed, meaning
apart and claudere, right?

00:02:06.720 --> 00:02:11.373
So literally to be closed
off, apart from everything.

00:02:12.450 --> 00:02:15.750
Let's use exclude in some sentences.

00:02:15.750 --> 00:02:18.450
Wanda didn't mean to exclude Bonnie.

00:02:18.450 --> 00:02:19.980
She really did honestly forget

00:02:19.980 --> 00:02:21.960
to invite her to the clam bake.

00:02:21.960 --> 00:02:25.290
Look at Bonnie being so
sad, dreaming of clams

00:02:25.290 --> 00:02:27.390
and potatoes and corn.

00:02:27.390 --> 00:02:29.340
Nobody's ever invited me to a clam bake,

00:02:29.340 --> 00:02:31.590
which is a New England beach party.

00:02:31.590 --> 00:02:34.290
They do what it sounds
like, they bake clams.

00:02:34.290 --> 00:02:36.510
Okay, let's try it now in the noun form

00:02:36.510 --> 00:02:39.630
and continuing the theme,
strangely enough, of corn.

00:02:39.630 --> 00:02:41.550
Nirmal loved corn on the cob

00:02:41.550 --> 00:02:44.700
to the exclusion of all other food.

00:02:44.700 --> 00:02:47.850
So that means he doesn't
eat anything but corn.

00:02:47.850 --> 00:02:51.870
He excludes other foods,
which is not great, my dudes.

00:02:51.870 --> 00:02:54.360
It's important to eat a
balanced diet, wordsmiths,

00:02:54.360 --> 00:02:56.910
a good mix of leafy greens and proteins

00:02:56.910 --> 00:03:00.750
and the USDA recommended two
to three new words a day.

00:03:00.750 --> 00:03:02.940
See, it's right here
on the MyPlate graphic.

00:03:02.940 --> 00:03:04.950
I didn't just put that there.

00:03:04.950 --> 00:03:09.180
I kid, I kid obviously,
but words are good for you.

00:03:09.180 --> 00:03:11.730
Okay, I'll see you in the next one.

00:03:11.730 --> 00:03:14.193
You can learn anything, David out.


Anxious

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.330 --> 00:00:02.374
- [David] Oh boy. Oh geez, wordsmiths.

00:00:02.374 --> 00:00:05.610
I'm not feeling so hot about
this word, I tell you what.

00:00:05.610 --> 00:00:10.200
The word is "anxious". Anxious.

00:00:10.200 --> 00:00:13.320
Or if you prefer anx-ious.

00:00:13.320 --> 00:00:16.560
It's an adjective that means very worried.

00:00:16.560 --> 00:00:19.803
You might see in its noun form, anxiety,

00:00:20.640 --> 00:00:24.090
which is the state of being very worried.

00:00:24.090 --> 00:00:26.490
If you trace this word
back to its origins,

00:00:26.490 --> 00:00:30.060
you get the Latin word
"anguere" which means

00:00:30.060 --> 00:00:32.310
to choke or to squeeze.

00:00:32.310 --> 00:00:35.400
When I feel anxious,
sometimes my throat gets tight

00:00:35.400 --> 00:00:38.220
and my heart hammers in my
chests and listen, wordsmith.

00:00:38.220 --> 00:00:39.180
It's a bad time.

00:00:39.180 --> 00:00:43.680
And that o-u-s part, ous, is
an adjective forming suffix.

00:00:43.680 --> 00:00:45.360
It means full of, right?

00:00:45.360 --> 00:00:47.490
So being anxious is being full

00:00:47.490 --> 00:00:50.460
of that choking, squeezed feeling.

00:00:50.460 --> 00:00:53.301
So a real fun one this time, huh?

00:00:53.301 --> 00:00:55.890
Let's all take a deep breath.

00:00:55.890 --> 00:00:58.440
Think of a calming centered place

00:00:58.440 --> 00:01:01.110
and come up with some related
words, some similar words

00:01:01.110 --> 00:01:05.880
that sound like anguere or
o-u-s, that end in o-u-s.

00:01:05.880 --> 00:01:10.880
I'll put on some calming
music. 10 seconds, here we go.

00:01:11.087 --> 00:01:13.754
(calming music)

00:01:22.800 --> 00:01:27.000
Here are three that I came
up with. We've got anguish.

00:01:27.000 --> 00:01:29.010
It shares the same root as anxious.

00:01:29.010 --> 00:01:30.090
That anguere word

00:01:30.090 --> 00:01:34.500
and it means misery, torment,
very deep unhappiness

00:01:34.500 --> 00:01:37.290
as if you were being choked or squeezed.

00:01:37.290 --> 00:01:38.790
Agony. Ugh.

00:01:38.790 --> 00:01:40.980
Okay, next word. Anger.

00:01:40.980 --> 00:01:42.150
This is an interesting one,

00:01:42.150 --> 00:01:44.250
'cause anger looks a lot like anguere,

00:01:44.250 --> 00:01:49.250
but actually traces back to old
Viking languages, not Latin.

00:01:49.290 --> 00:01:51.840
But it comes from an
even older shared root,

00:01:51.840 --> 00:01:55.380
a common ancestor of Latin
and the Viking languages.

00:01:55.380 --> 00:01:59.340
So it has the same meaning
of squeezed or painful,

00:01:59.340 --> 00:02:03.420
and from there we get anger,
hostility, feeling constricted

00:02:03.420 --> 00:02:06.720
and squeezed, and finally furious.

00:02:06.720 --> 00:02:10.920
Using that o-u-s ending,
it means full of fury,

00:02:10.920 --> 00:02:12.393
full of anger.

00:02:14.220 --> 00:02:17.100
I promise I'm having a very
normal day, wordsmiths.

00:02:17.100 --> 00:02:18.810
There's just something
about this derivation

00:02:18.810 --> 00:02:21.570
that puts me on edge.

00:02:21.570 --> 00:02:24.870
Okay, let's use anxious
in a sentence or two.

00:02:24.870 --> 00:02:26.910
At first, Bettina felt anxious

00:02:26.910 --> 00:02:28.950
about hiking Needleteeth Gorge,

00:02:28.950 --> 00:02:31.080
but felt reassured when she remembered

00:02:31.080 --> 00:02:34.375
that her Aunt Isabella was
a trained wilderness guide.

00:02:34.375 --> 00:02:36.960
Needleteeth Gorge does
not sound like a fun

00:02:36.960 --> 00:02:39.390
or safe place to go for a hike.

00:02:39.390 --> 00:02:42.240
To me, Bettina's worries
are understandable.

00:02:42.240 --> 00:02:44.850
Let's try another one using the noun form

00:02:44.850 --> 00:02:47.218
of the word anxiety.

00:02:47.218 --> 00:02:49.260
"Based on what you told me,

00:02:49.260 --> 00:02:52.620
it seems like potatoes are
the cause of your anxiety,"

00:02:52.620 --> 00:02:53.853
Dr. Gomez said.

00:02:54.780 --> 00:02:56.040
Sometimes it helps to talk

00:02:56.040 --> 00:03:00.030
to someone about your
feelings, potato related or no.

00:03:00.030 --> 00:03:01.643
Deep breaths, wordsmiths.

00:03:01.643 --> 00:03:05.250
You can do this, you
can conquer your anxiety

00:03:05.250 --> 00:03:07.383
and you can learn anything.

00:03:08.640 --> 00:03:09.473
David out.


Recognition

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.270 --> 00:00:02.130
- [David] I see you wordsmiths.

00:00:02.130 --> 00:00:04.650
Which is good because the
word I'm talking about

00:00:04.650 --> 00:00:07.140
in this video is "recognition".

00:00:07.140 --> 00:00:11.370
Re-cog-ni-tion. It's a noun.

00:00:11.370 --> 00:00:14.580
It means the act of
acknowledging, being aware

00:00:14.580 --> 00:00:16.350
of or noticing something.

00:00:16.350 --> 00:00:18.540
Follow me over to The
Etymology Zone, trademark,

00:00:18.540 --> 00:00:21.240
where I am going to break this word down.

00:00:21.240 --> 00:00:24.660
This word comes from Latin,
"re" means back, again,

00:00:24.660 --> 00:00:26.677
or against, as in review.

00:00:26.677 --> 00:00:30.150
"Cognoscere" means to
know, to be familiar with,

00:00:30.150 --> 00:00:33.570
and i-o-n is a noun forming suffix.

00:00:33.570 --> 00:00:35.470
It's what makes this word into a noun.

00:00:36.570 --> 00:00:40.290
So what we're looking at here
is a word that means the act

00:00:40.290 --> 00:00:43.293
of knowing something again, right?

00:00:43.293 --> 00:00:48.293
So this is the noun form
of knowing something again.

00:00:48.450 --> 00:00:51.300
You recognize a person when
you've met them before,

00:00:51.300 --> 00:00:54.360
you recognize a song because
you've already heard it.

00:00:54.360 --> 00:00:59.010
So let's come up with some
words that use these word parts.

00:00:59.010 --> 00:01:03.480
Re-cogno, that i-o-n ending, if you want.

00:01:03.480 --> 00:01:05.190
I'll give you 10 seconds to come up

00:01:05.190 --> 00:01:07.440
with some words to knock some together.

00:01:07.440 --> 00:01:09.183
Okay, here we go.

00:01:09.183 --> 00:01:11.766
(upbeat music)

00:01:20.532 --> 00:01:22.200
Here are some that I came up with.

00:01:22.200 --> 00:01:25.018
Incognito, which means disguised, right?

00:01:25.018 --> 00:01:29.160
Incognito means literally not knowable.

00:01:29.160 --> 00:01:31.650
If I'm going incognito, maybe
I'm wearing a fake nose.

00:01:31.650 --> 00:01:34.110
A fake mustache, right?

00:01:34.110 --> 00:01:36.810
Reconnaissance. This
word comes from French.

00:01:36.810 --> 00:01:39.870
It basically means spying.
It's a military term.

00:01:39.870 --> 00:01:42.660
You're surveying, you're
getting to know a territory

00:01:42.660 --> 00:01:46.740
before you decide how or
whether to commit troops there.

00:01:46.740 --> 00:01:48.510
Same etymology as recognized,

00:01:48.510 --> 00:01:51.960
but it took a different
language path to get to English.

00:01:51.960 --> 00:01:54.810
And the verb to ignore, to choose

00:01:54.810 --> 00:01:57.420
to not know about something,
to not pay attention to it.

00:01:57.420 --> 00:02:01.440
Same negating prefix as incognito, right?

00:02:01.440 --> 00:02:03.720
The in or the ih part here means not

00:02:03.720 --> 00:02:07.560
and the gnore, the g-n-o-r-e
part means knowing.

00:02:07.560 --> 00:02:10.080
So not knowing, ignore.

00:02:10.080 --> 00:02:12.450
So you might ignore the spy

00:02:12.450 --> 00:02:15.930
who is incognito
performing reconnaissance.

00:02:15.930 --> 00:02:19.590
All right, let's use
recognition in some sentences.

00:02:19.590 --> 00:02:21.270
Even at a distance, Sherman

00:02:21.270 --> 00:02:23.820
recognized the familiar three-step gait

00:02:23.820 --> 00:02:25.890
of his old friend Pizzabot.

00:02:25.890 --> 00:02:30.150
Right, he could tell, he could
identify it from a distance.

00:02:30.150 --> 00:02:32.130
You can also use recognition to mean

00:02:32.130 --> 00:02:34.380
that someone is being
appreciated for something

00:02:34.380 --> 00:02:35.730
that they've done.

00:02:35.730 --> 00:02:39.000
In recognition of her service
to the city's garden club,

00:02:39.000 --> 00:02:42.160
Christina got a ceremonial
key to the city.

00:02:42.160 --> 00:02:44.647
So here it is not that
someone is literally saying,

00:02:44.647 --> 00:02:46.620
"Hey, is that Christina? I know her."

00:02:46.620 --> 00:02:50.010
It's more like the city is acknowledging

00:02:50.010 --> 00:02:52.170
and appreciating her work.

00:02:52.170 --> 00:02:54.840
It's the effort that she's
put in that they're officially

00:02:54.840 --> 00:02:59.370
noticing by giving her a
giant unwieldy novelty key.

00:02:59.370 --> 00:03:01.890
You too can hold the giant novelty key

00:03:01.890 --> 00:03:03.210
to knowledge, wordsmiths,

00:03:03.210 --> 00:03:05.493
if you hold fast to this truth.

00:03:06.510 --> 00:03:09.363
You can learn anything. David, out.


Advantage

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.150 --> 00:00:01.890
- [David] I have the
high ground, wordsmiths

00:00:01.890 --> 00:00:04.410
because we're talking
about the word "advantage"

00:00:04.410 --> 00:00:07.530
in this video, ad-van-tage.

00:00:07.530 --> 00:00:08.820
A noun.

00:00:08.820 --> 00:00:12.450
It means a better position,
something that helps.

00:00:12.450 --> 00:00:13.830
If we're running a foot race

00:00:13.830 --> 00:00:16.050
and I get a three minute
headstart over you,

00:00:16.050 --> 00:00:17.730
that's a definite advantage.

00:00:17.730 --> 00:00:19.950
I got to start before you did.

00:00:19.950 --> 00:00:21.750
And indeed, that's what the derivation

00:00:21.750 --> 00:00:23.887
of this word gives us.

00:00:23.887 --> 00:00:26.400
"Avantage" can literally be translated

00:00:26.400 --> 00:00:29.220
from French as beforeness.

00:00:29.220 --> 00:00:32.220
So "Avant" means before in French,

00:00:32.220 --> 00:00:34.260
both before in time
and in before in space.

00:00:34.260 --> 00:00:37.350
So it can mean both earlier and front of.

00:00:37.350 --> 00:00:41.220
Ag, in English pronounced
ig, right, this a-g-e

00:00:41.220 --> 00:00:45.402
is a noun forming suffix
that also comes from French.

00:00:45.402 --> 00:00:46.410
It works like this.

00:00:46.410 --> 00:00:48.390
You pack stuff into a package,

00:00:48.390 --> 00:00:50.640
you store things in storage.

00:00:50.640 --> 00:00:54.141
Leaky things are prone to
leakage. You get the picture.

00:00:54.141 --> 00:00:57.960
So thinking about avant or advant,

00:00:57.960 --> 00:00:59.310
right, with the "d" in there,

00:00:59.310 --> 00:01:02.610
and a-g-e as a noun forming suffix,

00:01:02.610 --> 00:01:05.013
what similar words can you think of?

00:01:05.940 --> 00:01:09.321
I'll give you 10 seconds.
Here we go, music break.

00:01:09.321 --> 00:01:11.904
(upbeat music)

00:01:20.100 --> 00:01:23.400
Here are three that I came
up with. Disadvantage, right?

00:01:23.400 --> 00:01:25.050
The opposite of advantage.

00:01:25.050 --> 00:01:27.240
This is when something is
making things harder for you,

00:01:27.240 --> 00:01:28.950
like your opponent in a foot race,

00:01:28.950 --> 00:01:32.010
getting a three minute
headstart, for example.

00:01:32.010 --> 00:01:33.510
Advance is a verb.

00:01:33.510 --> 00:01:37.440
It means to go forward
or to go onward or up.

00:01:37.440 --> 00:01:39.720
And vantage, this noun is usually part

00:01:39.720 --> 00:01:42.150
of the phrase "vantage point".

00:01:42.150 --> 00:01:45.030
It means a good spot, to view things from.

00:01:45.030 --> 00:01:48.270
The top of a hill is a great
vantage point from which

00:01:48.270 --> 00:01:51.540
to watch a fireworks display, for example.

00:01:51.540 --> 00:01:54.303
All right, let's use
advantage in a few sentences.

00:01:55.320 --> 00:01:58.800
Elias P Beanpole, the
tallest boy in 6th grade

00:01:58.800 --> 00:02:02.040
had a distinct advantage
on the basketball court.

00:02:02.040 --> 00:02:04.800
He was like 20 feet tall. He
could dunk from half court.

00:02:04.800 --> 00:02:08.910
That was his advantage. That's
his superior position, right?

00:02:08.910 --> 00:02:11.130
But he did keep bonking
his head on the ceiling,

00:02:11.130 --> 00:02:13.800
which I would say is a
distinct disadvantage

00:02:13.800 --> 00:02:15.067
to being that tall.

00:02:15.067 --> 00:02:18.060
"Listen, just because my mom
runs a candy shop doesn't

00:02:18.060 --> 00:02:20.880
mean you could take
advantage of our friendship."

00:02:20.880 --> 00:02:22.830
To take advantage of an opportunity is

00:02:22.830 --> 00:02:24.900
to get some benefit from it,

00:02:24.900 --> 00:02:26.580
but not always in a fair way.

00:02:26.580 --> 00:02:28.050
To take advantage of a friendship

00:02:28.050 --> 00:02:29.017
is to say something like,

00:02:29.017 --> 00:02:31.620
"Hey, your mom has that candy shop.

00:02:31.620 --> 00:02:34.440
How do you feel about
hooking up your friend David

00:02:34.440 --> 00:02:36.210
with some free candy, hmm?"

00:02:36.210 --> 00:02:37.320
You do that enough times

00:02:37.320 --> 00:02:38.520
and you're probably going

00:02:38.520 --> 00:02:41.373
to exhaust your friend
and your friendship.

00:02:42.330 --> 00:02:45.030
Taking advantage doesn't have
to have a negative connotation

00:02:45.030 --> 00:02:48.000
or feeling, though, you could
take advantage of a windy day

00:02:48.000 --> 00:02:50.970
and fly a kite or take
advantage of a rainy day

00:02:50.970 --> 00:02:53.070
and play a board game, that kind of thing.

00:02:53.906 --> 00:02:58.350
I hope you take advantage of
these videos, dear wordsmiths,

00:02:58.350 --> 00:03:00.843
and realize that you can learn anything.

00:03:01.800 --> 00:03:02.633
David out.


Strategic

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.240 --> 00:00:03.203
- [Narrator] I love it
when a plan comes together,

00:00:03.203 --> 00:00:04.470
wordsmiths, because the word I'm featuring

00:00:04.470 --> 00:00:06.477
in this video is strategic.

00:00:08.675 --> 00:00:09.508
Strategic.

00:00:10.380 --> 00:00:13.110
It's an adjective and it
means related to a plan.

00:00:13.110 --> 00:00:16.080
It's the adjective form of
strategy, which is a way

00:00:16.080 --> 00:00:19.290
of thinking about making
effective and successful plans

00:00:19.290 --> 00:00:20.730
or the plan itself.

00:00:20.730 --> 00:00:22.650
Strategic comes from Greek,

00:00:22.650 --> 00:00:24.900
the word strategos means general,

00:00:24.900 --> 00:00:27.270
as in the commander of an army.

00:00:27.270 --> 00:00:29.670
Being strategic means you're
thinking like a general

00:00:29.670 --> 00:00:32.550
commanding troops, like you're
trying to play five games

00:00:32.550 --> 00:00:34.620
of chess at once.

00:00:34.620 --> 00:00:38.730
The ic part, the I-C part is
an adjective forming suffix,

00:00:38.730 --> 00:00:42.360
so it turns nouns into
modifiers, into adjectives.

00:00:42.360 --> 00:00:45.423
So strategic means like a general.

00:00:46.800 --> 00:00:49.380
What do you see from these word parts?

00:00:49.380 --> 00:00:52.620
What do you see in strateg and ic?

00:00:52.620 --> 00:00:55.650
I'll give you 10 seconds to
come up with similar words.

00:00:55.650 --> 00:00:57.513
Throw in a little music, here we go.

00:00:58.574 --> 00:01:01.157
(upbeat music)

00:01:08.250 --> 00:01:09.390
Here's what I came up with.

00:01:09.390 --> 00:01:12.030
There's stratagem, which is like a trick

00:01:12.030 --> 00:01:14.280
or a cutting little
plan that you pull off.

00:01:14.280 --> 00:01:16.920
In other words, a maneuver.

00:01:16.920 --> 00:01:20.280
Cosmic, which means it has to
do with outer space, right?

00:01:20.280 --> 00:01:23.400
It's the the word cosmos plus ic,

00:01:23.400 --> 00:01:25.710
the adjective forming suffix.

00:01:25.710 --> 00:01:27.690
Cosmos is outer space.

00:01:27.690 --> 00:01:31.500
Strategize, which is the verb
form of strategic or strategy.

00:01:31.500 --> 00:01:34.563
It means to make plans, to
come up with a strategy.

00:01:35.802 --> 00:01:37.740
Okay, troops, follow me
over to the next screen

00:01:37.740 --> 00:01:42.360
where we'll use strategic
in a few sentences, hoo-ah.

00:01:42.360 --> 00:01:45.000
If you're strategic with your
chocolate chip placement,

00:01:45.000 --> 00:01:47.670
you can use cookies to spell words.

00:01:47.670 --> 00:01:50.460
This one appears to say Khan.

00:01:50.460 --> 00:01:52.740
If you're clever about
it, if you've thought

00:01:52.740 --> 00:01:56.460
through the plan and its
implications, if you're strategic,

00:01:56.460 --> 00:02:00.150
you can create cookie
mischief, which is probably one

00:02:00.150 --> 00:02:02.820
of the 10 best kinds of mischief.

00:02:02.820 --> 00:02:06.123
Okay, let's try it as
a noun now as strategy.

00:02:07.080 --> 00:02:10.560
After three straight days of
failure, the scientists decided

00:02:10.560 --> 00:02:13.080
to attempt a new strategy.

00:02:13.080 --> 00:02:15.210
What was that strategy? I don't know.

00:02:15.210 --> 00:02:16.740
I didn't read the lab notes

00:02:16.740 --> 00:02:18.720
and it kind of appears as
if those lab notes have

00:02:18.720 --> 00:02:22.920
gone into the trash. But
here's what I do know.

00:02:22.920 --> 00:02:26.077
You can learn anything,
wordsmiths, David out.


Effective

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.870 --> 00:00:02.580
- [David] This one's
gonna work like a charm,

00:00:02.580 --> 00:00:04.530
wordsmiths, because the
word we're featuring

00:00:04.530 --> 00:00:07.245
in this video is effective.

00:00:07.245 --> 00:00:11.280
Effective, it's an adjective
meaning successful,

00:00:11.280 --> 00:00:12.690
good at something.

00:00:12.690 --> 00:00:16.170
The etymology, the derivation
of this word helps explain it,

00:00:16.170 --> 00:00:17.003
I think.

00:00:17.003 --> 00:00:18.660
Three Latin parts.

00:00:18.660 --> 00:00:23.660
First one, "ef" is a modified
form of ex, meaning out.

00:00:24.540 --> 00:00:27.750
The second one, "fect," or fact,

00:00:27.750 --> 00:00:32.280
comes from a Latin verb
that means to make, right?

00:00:32.280 --> 00:00:35.280
And just those two on their
own give us effect, right?

00:00:35.280 --> 00:00:38.790
An effect is an outcome, a
thing that you made happen,

00:00:38.790 --> 00:00:41.250
what comes out of a process.

00:00:41.250 --> 00:00:43.789
I hit a watermelon with a baseball bat.

00:00:43.789 --> 00:00:44.622
(melon splatting)

00:00:44.622 --> 00:00:47.040
That's a sound effect, right?

00:00:47.040 --> 00:00:50.010
Oh, okay, and finally, I-V-E, "ive,"

00:00:50.010 --> 00:00:52.560
an adjective forming suffix.

00:00:52.560 --> 00:00:54.990
It has a meaning of tending to.

00:00:54.990 --> 00:00:57.090
Something that is effective tends to,

00:00:57.090 --> 00:00:59.970
or has the quality of
making things happen,

00:00:59.970 --> 00:01:03.420
of making outcomes easily, powerfully.

00:01:03.420 --> 00:01:06.720
All right, let's look for
similar related words.

00:01:06.720 --> 00:01:08.760
Think of some words that have that E-F-F,

00:01:08.760 --> 00:01:12.420
that eff beginning, or
fect or fact in them,

00:01:12.420 --> 00:01:14.733
or end in I-V-E, end in ive.

00:01:16.050 --> 00:01:18.330
I'll put on some music. 10 seconds.

00:01:18.330 --> 00:01:19.534
Here we go.

00:01:19.534 --> 00:01:22.117
(upbeat music)

00:01:30.270 --> 00:01:32.430
So here are three that I came up with.

00:01:32.430 --> 00:01:36.150
Effusive, this is an
adjective meaning pouring out,

00:01:36.150 --> 00:01:40.200
like you might shower
someone with effusive praise.

00:01:40.200 --> 00:01:42.210
It has that eff prefix, right?

00:01:42.210 --> 00:01:45.540
The modified form of ex, meaning out.

00:01:45.540 --> 00:01:49.410
Then confection, this word
means candy or sweets,

00:01:49.410 --> 00:01:50.940
though it literally means a thing

00:01:50.940 --> 00:01:52.650
that is made together, right?

00:01:52.650 --> 00:01:57.650
Confection, a mixed thing,
a combination of sweets.

00:01:57.690 --> 00:02:00.390
And a third related word is factory,

00:02:00.390 --> 00:02:02.640
a place where things are made,

00:02:02.640 --> 00:02:06.390
a shoe factory, a chocolate
factory, a car factory.

00:02:06.390 --> 00:02:10.470
That ory ending, O-R-Y,
is a noun-forming suffix

00:02:10.470 --> 00:02:15.470
that means a place for, like
laboratory or observatory.

00:02:15.750 --> 00:02:18.840
Let's use the word effective
in a sentence or two.

00:02:18.840 --> 00:02:22.290
Marisa realized how effective
her marketing campaign

00:02:22.290 --> 00:02:25.980
had been when she saw the line
stretching around the block.

00:02:25.980 --> 00:02:29.010
It worked extremely well,
the marketing campaign did,

00:02:29.010 --> 00:02:31.380
and now everyone wants to buy her donuts.

00:02:31.380 --> 00:02:34.473
Donuts, the universal food.
Let me show you another one.

00:02:35.400 --> 00:02:36.960
The article that Devon wrote

00:02:36.960 --> 00:02:40.680
about IckyCorp's scummy labor
practices was so effective

00:02:40.680 --> 00:02:42.483
that it put them out of business.

00:02:43.530 --> 00:02:45.090
Nobody wanted to work with them anymore,

00:02:45.090 --> 00:02:48.120
these weird business blobs

00:02:48.120 --> 00:02:50.223
that leave a trail of goo.

00:02:51.300 --> 00:02:53.220
I wonder what they made at IckyCorp.

00:02:53.220 --> 00:02:55.773
Actually, no, no, I do not wanna know.

00:02:57.240 --> 00:02:58.680
But here's what I do wanna know.

00:02:58.680 --> 00:03:03.513
I want you to know that you
can learn anything. David out.


Interwoven

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.930 --> 00:00:03.240
- [David] I've got a
twisted tale to tell you

00:00:03.240 --> 00:00:05.610
in this video, Wordsmiths,
because the word I want

00:00:05.610 --> 00:00:09.133
to talk about is interwoven, interwoven.

00:00:11.520 --> 00:00:15.990
It's an adjective and it means
twisted or joined together

00:00:15.990 --> 00:00:19.800
and it has a literal meaning
like two fibers woven

00:00:19.800 --> 00:00:22.650
into the same carpet, but it
also has a figurative one,

00:00:22.650 --> 00:00:25.320
like the strands of two
families joining together

00:00:25.320 --> 00:00:26.920
when their children get married.

00:00:27.780 --> 00:00:30.930
Let's talk about the word parts here.

00:00:30.930 --> 00:00:35.073
We've got inter, which
means between or among,

00:00:36.000 --> 00:00:37.770
and interaction, right?

00:00:37.770 --> 00:00:40.320
Is action between two or more things,

00:00:40.320 --> 00:00:42.750
and intercom is a device that allows you

00:00:42.750 --> 00:00:46.140
to communicate within
a building or similar,

00:00:46.140 --> 00:00:49.200
and woven is the past
tense form of to weave.

00:00:49.200 --> 00:00:52.740
Weaving is when you make
fabric out of threads by inter,

00:00:52.740 --> 00:00:57.330
huh, inter, interlacing them
on a machine called the loom.

00:00:57.330 --> 00:00:59.460
I was just in a fabric workshop,
here's a picture I took

00:00:59.460 --> 00:01:01.050
of a loom from the other day.

00:01:01.050 --> 00:01:04.200
The threads are under tension
and you plate them together

00:01:04.200 --> 00:01:07.920
and if you do that enough times,
you have a piece of fabric.

00:01:07.920 --> 00:01:11.490
A weave in the noun
form is a hair extension

00:01:11.490 --> 00:01:15.390
or it can be the pattern that
you make by weaving something.

00:01:15.390 --> 00:01:18.900
Let's weave these word
parts into other words.

00:01:18.900 --> 00:01:21.120
Leaving weave aside for
now, what are some words

00:01:21.120 --> 00:01:24.750
that you can think of
that use the prefix inter?

00:01:24.750 --> 00:01:28.440
I'll put on some music, meet
me back here in 10 seconds.

00:01:28.440 --> 00:01:31.693
All right, let's do it.
(upbeat music)

00:01:40.470 --> 00:01:42.750
Here are three that I came up with.

00:01:42.750 --> 00:01:46.260
Interrelated, an adjective that
means two things are related

00:01:46.260 --> 00:01:47.160
to one another, right?

00:01:47.160 --> 00:01:49.410
There's a connection between them.

00:01:49.410 --> 00:01:53.190
An intersection, a crossroads
where two roads cut

00:01:53.190 --> 00:01:55.650
into each other, that's what sect means,

00:01:55.650 --> 00:01:59.910
it's from secare, to cut, so intersection.

00:01:59.910 --> 00:02:02.040
Intercept, which is a verb that means

00:02:02.040 --> 00:02:04.290
to catch something on its
way to somewhere else.

00:02:04.290 --> 00:02:06.990
You can intercept a ball
and snatch it out of the air

00:02:06.990 --> 00:02:09.930
while it's passing between two places

00:02:09.930 --> 00:02:13.440
or a spy can intercept a secret message.

00:02:13.440 --> 00:02:15.150
Oh no, that spy has made a way

00:02:15.150 --> 00:02:17.700
with that top secret communique.

00:02:17.700 --> 00:02:19.770
Oh no, he's disappeared.

00:02:19.770 --> 00:02:22.740
Let's use interwoven in a few sentences.

00:02:22.740 --> 00:02:24.213
Here's a literal use.

00:02:25.200 --> 00:02:28.440
In this pattern, blue
threads are interwoven

00:02:28.440 --> 00:02:30.060
with pink, right?

00:02:30.060 --> 00:02:30.960
If you do this enough times,

00:02:30.960 --> 00:02:33.390
you can sort of see
where plaid comes from.

00:02:33.390 --> 00:02:36.480
The strands are literally woven together,

00:02:36.480 --> 00:02:40.260
but here's a figurative use of the word.

00:02:40.260 --> 00:02:43.590
The food traditions of Italy
and India are interwoven

00:02:43.590 --> 00:02:47.250
in my dad's signature dish, pizza curry.

00:02:47.250 --> 00:02:48.810
In this case, it's traditions

00:02:48.810 --> 00:02:50.250
that have been twisted together

00:02:50.250 --> 00:02:53.070
rather than literal strands of thread.

00:02:53.070 --> 00:02:55.620
Curry pizza is a real thing, by the way,

00:02:55.620 --> 00:02:58.590
if you've never had it
and it's incredible.

00:02:58.590 --> 00:03:01.440
Dip a piece of cheese
pizza into saag paneer

00:03:01.440 --> 00:03:02.820
and thank me later.

00:03:02.820 --> 00:03:04.890
Listen, Wordsmiths, I'm just here to help

00:03:04.890 --> 00:03:08.370
in matters food related and
in matters word related,

00:03:08.370 --> 00:03:12.123
and you're just here because
you can learn anything.

00:03:12.960 --> 00:03:13.793
David, out.


Heritage

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.750 --> 00:00:03.360
- [David] It's time to
explore our roots, wordsmiths,

00:00:03.360 --> 00:00:04.950
our backgrounds, where we came from.

00:00:04.950 --> 00:00:07.440
Because the word I'm
bringing you in this video

00:00:07.440 --> 00:00:09.732
is "heritage".

00:00:09.732 --> 00:00:12.150
Mind you, we're always exploring our roots

00:00:12.150 --> 00:00:13.560
when it comes to vocabulary.

00:00:13.560 --> 00:00:15.210
Huh? All right.

00:00:15.210 --> 00:00:18.240
Her-i-tage, it's a noun.

00:00:18.240 --> 00:00:19.530
It means a birthright.

00:00:19.530 --> 00:00:22.200
Traditions or goods
granted to you by relatives

00:00:22.200 --> 00:00:23.670
or cultural ancestors.

00:00:23.670 --> 00:00:26.670
For example, I have Lithuanian heritage.

00:00:26.670 --> 00:00:29.790
Here's a map of the Baltic
Sea. There's Lithuania.

00:00:29.790 --> 00:00:31.440
Some of my ancestors came from there.

00:00:31.440 --> 00:00:33.780
This country in Eastern Europe.

00:00:33.780 --> 00:00:36.270
That's part of my heritage.

00:00:36.270 --> 00:00:39.150
Let's talk about the
derivation of this word.

00:00:39.150 --> 00:00:40.920
It comes from French.

00:00:40.920 --> 00:00:42.270
Many words in English do,

00:00:42.270 --> 00:00:45.630
because about 900 years ago,
the French invaded England

00:00:45.630 --> 00:00:48.030
and took their language
along for the ride.

00:00:48.030 --> 00:00:50.940
So heritage is itself of French origin.

00:00:50.940 --> 00:00:53.580
But we can break that down
further into "heriter"

00:00:53.580 --> 00:00:55.729
which is a verb that means to inherit,

00:00:55.729 --> 00:00:57.972
to receive something from a relative

00:00:57.972 --> 00:01:01.410
and a-g-e which is a noun forming suffix.

00:01:01.410 --> 00:01:03.330
It's pronounced aj in French, in English,

00:01:03.330 --> 00:01:05.550
it's pronounced ij, right?

00:01:05.550 --> 00:01:09.600
Like an ij you scratch. It
can turn verbs into nouns.

00:01:09.600 --> 00:01:11.010
For example, turning the verb

00:01:11.010 --> 00:01:13.770
to marry into the noun, marriage.

00:01:13.770 --> 00:01:16.213
So inherit plus a-g-e

00:01:16.213 --> 00:01:19.373
equals the thing you inherit, right?

00:01:19.373 --> 00:01:24.330
Herit-age, heritage. So we've
got these two word parts.

00:01:24.330 --> 00:01:28.080
Can you think of words
that sound similar to herit

00:01:28.080 --> 00:01:32.700
and a-g-e and ij that
use those word parts?

00:01:32.700 --> 00:01:34.890
I'll give you 10 seconds
to come up with a few.

00:01:34.890 --> 00:01:38.007
Doesn't have to be a lot.
Okay, commence the music.

00:01:38.007 --> 00:01:40.924
(soft funky music)

00:01:48.540 --> 00:01:50.460
Here are some that I came up with.

00:01:50.460 --> 00:01:53.160
Inheritance, which is
the property you inherit

00:01:53.160 --> 00:01:54.547
when someone dies.

00:01:54.547 --> 00:01:57.322
"Ance" is another noun forming suffix.

00:01:57.322 --> 00:01:59.430
Wreckage is a noun.

00:01:59.430 --> 00:02:02.190
It's what's left after something
has been wrecked, right?

00:02:02.190 --> 00:02:04.170
The remnants of something
that's been destroyed.

00:02:04.170 --> 00:02:07.200
We took the verb to wreck to destroy

00:02:07.200 --> 00:02:11.343
and added a-g-e to make it
a noun, to make it wreckage.

00:02:12.750 --> 00:02:17.730
An heirloom. Herit and heir,
h-e-i-r are related words.

00:02:17.730 --> 00:02:20.310
And an heirloom is a
treasured piece of inheritance

00:02:20.310 --> 00:02:22.824
that passes down through a family.

00:02:22.824 --> 00:02:26.670
Let's use the word heritage
in a sentence or two.

00:02:26.670 --> 00:02:29.400
Adewale's family heritage was writing.

00:02:29.400 --> 00:02:31.020
His mother is a screenwriter

00:02:31.020 --> 00:02:33.270
and his grandfather was a playwright.

00:02:33.270 --> 00:02:35.523
It's a family tradition for him, you see,

00:02:36.690 --> 00:02:39.450
there's Adewale, there's his mom

00:02:39.450 --> 00:02:40.743
and there's her dad.

00:02:41.580 --> 00:02:43.140
This is also a typewriter,

00:02:43.140 --> 00:02:46.080
for those of you too young
to know what a typewriter is.

00:02:46.080 --> 00:02:47.580
It's the machine that goes clicky, clicky,

00:02:47.580 --> 00:02:48.810
click clicky, ding ding, ding.

00:02:48.810 --> 00:02:50.175
You make the words.

00:02:50.175 --> 00:02:53.130
I feel like that's self-explanatory.

00:02:53.130 --> 00:02:56.730
So that's being used for an
individual or a family, right?

00:02:56.730 --> 00:02:58.950
A family context, Adewale's family.

00:02:58.950 --> 00:03:02.673
But let's use it in a
wider national context.

00:03:03.750 --> 00:03:05.790
Many foods that we think of

00:03:05.790 --> 00:03:08.400
as uniquely American originated elsewhere.

00:03:08.400 --> 00:03:11.553
But we can claim Cajun chef
Paul Prudhomme's turducken.

00:03:12.517 --> 00:03:14.880
A chicken stuffed inside a
duck, stuffed inside a Turkey

00:03:14.880 --> 00:03:17.670
as part of our cultural heritage.

00:03:17.670 --> 00:03:20.100
Here I have drawn a handy cutaway diagram.

00:03:20.100 --> 00:03:23.550
You see in here in the
middle, that's the chicken.

00:03:23.550 --> 00:03:26.370
This purple layer here
represents the duck.

00:03:26.370 --> 00:03:29.610
And of course, this outer
layer, the mantle of the earth

00:03:29.610 --> 00:03:32.040
represents the Turkey.

00:03:32.040 --> 00:03:35.122
And this represents a
hungry individual who wishes

00:03:35.122 --> 00:03:36.603
to eat the turducken.

00:03:38.550 --> 00:03:40.470
But more to the point,
what I'm trying to say is

00:03:40.470 --> 00:03:42.720
that the turducken represents something

00:03:42.720 --> 00:03:45.090
that is unique to America.

00:03:45.090 --> 00:03:48.450
It is part of the United States cultural

00:03:48.450 --> 00:03:50.490
and culinary heritage.

00:03:50.490 --> 00:03:52.920
It's part of our food heritage.

00:03:52.920 --> 00:03:56.040
Now, I have never had
the buck wild pleasure

00:03:56.040 --> 00:03:59.940
of eating a turducken but
I hear it is delicious.

00:03:59.940 --> 00:04:03.630
So support your local mad
scientist chef, wordsmiths,

00:04:03.630 --> 00:04:05.700
and I'll catch you next time.

00:04:05.700 --> 00:04:07.953
You can learn anything. David, out.


Esteem

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.270 --> 00:00:01.590
- Hey there, wordsmiths.

00:00:01.590 --> 00:00:04.890
I must tell you, I feel
quite good about this word.

00:00:04.890 --> 00:00:06.340
Esteem.

00:00:06.340 --> 00:00:08.430
Esteem.

00:00:08.430 --> 00:00:10.380
It's a noun. It means respect.

00:00:10.380 --> 00:00:12.300
You can hold someone in high esteem,

00:00:12.300 --> 00:00:14.580
which means you have a
lot of respect for them,

00:00:14.580 --> 00:00:18.357
or you can have high self-esteem,
respect for yourself.

00:00:18.357 --> 00:00:20.610
This word comes from the French estimer,

00:00:20.610 --> 00:00:22.590
which means to appraise

00:00:22.590 --> 00:00:25.052
and to guess at the value of something.

00:00:25.052 --> 00:00:27.990
This was indeed the original meaning

00:00:27.990 --> 00:00:31.151
of esteem was worth or value.

00:00:31.151 --> 00:00:33.219
Let's come up with some similar words.

00:00:33.219 --> 00:00:34.851
What words can you think of

00:00:34.851 --> 00:00:38.040
that can contain a similar root to esteem?

00:00:38.040 --> 00:00:41.550
I'm thinking about that E-S-T especially.

00:00:41.550 --> 00:00:42.930
I'll give you 10 seconds.

00:00:42.930 --> 00:00:44.461
Okay, here we go.

00:00:44.461 --> 00:00:47.044
(upbeat music)

00:00:55.170 --> 00:00:56.850
Okay, here's what I came up with.

00:00:56.850 --> 00:01:00.510
There's estimate, which
means to make a rough guess,

00:01:00.510 --> 00:01:03.960
like estimating how many jelly
beans are in a jar, right?

00:01:03.960 --> 00:01:06.720
Tying it back to the root when
you're estimating something,

00:01:06.720 --> 00:01:09.510
you're guessing at its value or its worth,

00:01:09.510 --> 00:01:12.231
or how many jelly beans there are.

00:01:12.231 --> 00:01:14.460
Esteemed, which is another way of saying

00:01:14.460 --> 00:01:17.160
the famous or the well-respected.

00:01:17.160 --> 00:01:19.050
That's how I talk about
my work friends sometimes.

00:01:19.050 --> 00:01:21.480
I'll be like, oh yeah, my
esteemed colleague, Heather,

00:01:21.480 --> 00:01:23.246
She rules. Hi, Heather.

00:01:23.246 --> 00:01:26.585
Inestimable, which means
something so precious

00:01:26.585 --> 00:01:30.660
that it can't even be given
a value, like a diamond,

00:01:30.660 --> 00:01:33.540
the size of a small dog,
or my belief in you.

00:01:33.540 --> 00:01:36.390
Let's use esteem in a sentence or two.

00:01:36.390 --> 00:01:39.600
Juanita held her mother's
sculptures in high esteem,

00:01:39.600 --> 00:01:42.840
though the art world
never seemed to get them.

00:01:42.840 --> 00:01:44.310
She respects them a lot.

00:01:44.310 --> 00:01:46.200
That's what that conventional
expression means,

00:01:46.200 --> 00:01:47.880
to hold something in high esteem

00:01:47.880 --> 00:01:50.280
is you really, really like it,

00:01:50.280 --> 00:01:51.360
and that doesn't have to be things.

00:01:51.360 --> 00:01:52.410
That can also be people.

00:01:52.410 --> 00:01:54.990
You can hold a person in high esteem.

00:01:54.990 --> 00:01:55.950
Let's do another one.

00:01:55.950 --> 00:01:58.050
Brolus the Troll saw a therapist

00:01:58.050 --> 00:02:01.139
to talk through his
feelings of low self-esteem.

00:02:01.139 --> 00:02:02.490
Good job, Brolus.

00:02:02.490 --> 00:02:04.680
It's never too late to
take care of yourself.

00:02:04.680 --> 00:02:05.513
In this house,

00:02:05.513 --> 00:02:08.180
we support trolls that
take care of themselves.

00:02:08.180 --> 00:02:11.366
Wordsmiths. I hope you know
the value that you possess.

00:02:11.366 --> 00:02:12.900
It is inestimable.

00:02:12.900 --> 00:02:14.937
It is beyond number.

00:02:14.937 --> 00:02:17.280
Remember that when you're feeling low.

00:02:17.280 --> 00:02:18.480
I believe in you,

00:02:18.480 --> 00:02:21.303
and I also believe that
you can learn anything.

00:02:22.230 --> 00:02:23.063
David out.


Perceive

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.300 --> 00:00:03.060
- [David] Open your minds, wordsmiths.

00:00:03.060 --> 00:00:05.670
We're talking about the word perceive.

00:00:05.670 --> 00:00:08.310
Ah, it's one of those E before I words,

00:00:08.310 --> 00:00:10.290
some of the hardest to spell in English.

00:00:10.290 --> 00:00:12.423
Perceive is a verb.

00:00:13.350 --> 00:00:15.510
This verb means to notice something.

00:00:15.510 --> 00:00:18.930
You might also know it from
its noun form, perception.

00:00:18.930 --> 00:00:19.763
Perception.

00:00:20.670 --> 00:00:22.740
It's a non-specific way of saying

00:00:22.740 --> 00:00:25.110
that your senses are picking something up.

00:00:25.110 --> 00:00:30.030
You can perceive sights, smells,
tastes, sounds, feelings.

00:00:30.030 --> 00:00:33.360
Perception, perceiving,
covers all of that.

00:00:33.360 --> 00:00:36.120
So this comes from Latin. All of it does.

00:00:36.120 --> 00:00:38.580
Because of the E before
I thing in the verb form,

00:00:38.580 --> 00:00:41.100
I think it's a little easier
to break it down as a noun,

00:00:41.100 --> 00:00:43.710
so let's look at perception.

00:00:43.710 --> 00:00:48.543
So per is a prefix that
means completely or through.

00:00:49.440 --> 00:00:51.900
The cept part comes from capita,

00:00:51.900 --> 00:00:54.720
which you might also see as capt, C-A-P-T.

00:00:54.720 --> 00:00:57.180
It means to grasp, to grab.

00:00:57.180 --> 00:01:00.390
And ion is a noun-forming suffix, right,

00:01:00.390 --> 00:01:03.630
an ending that turns
other words into nouns.

00:01:03.630 --> 00:01:08.040
So perception is when you
grasp something completely,

00:01:08.040 --> 00:01:09.513
when you understand it.

00:01:10.500 --> 00:01:13.140
Let's take 10 seconds and come
up with some similar words

00:01:13.140 --> 00:01:18.140
that contain these elements,
per and capt and ion.

00:01:18.330 --> 00:01:20.810
Three, two, one. Let's jam.

00:01:20.810 --> 00:01:24.143
(cheerful upbeat music)

00:01:34.240 --> 00:01:36.330
Okay, here's some I came up with.

00:01:36.330 --> 00:01:39.210
Pervasive, an adjective
meaning everywhere.

00:01:39.210 --> 00:01:41.850
Per means through and vadere means to go.

00:01:41.850 --> 00:01:44.820
Compare the word invade, right, to go in.

00:01:44.820 --> 00:01:46.710
So something that's pervasive

00:01:46.710 --> 00:01:49.680
has completely gone through a community.

00:01:49.680 --> 00:01:54.300
Pervasive influence, pervasive
illness, pervasive trends.

00:01:54.300 --> 00:01:58.140
Capture, a verb meaning
to grab, to take by force.

00:01:58.140 --> 00:02:01.530
This is probably as close a
direct English translation

00:02:01.530 --> 00:02:03.723
as you can get of the Latin verb capere.

00:02:04.620 --> 00:02:07.800
Reception, a noun meaning
getting something,

00:02:07.800 --> 00:02:09.090
receiving a thing.

00:02:09.090 --> 00:02:11.520
You might have bad
reception in the dining room

00:02:11.520 --> 00:02:13.200
because the Wi-Fi is weak there.

00:02:13.200 --> 00:02:15.720
Or reception can mean a formal event

00:02:15.720 --> 00:02:17.340
like a wedding reception.

00:02:17.340 --> 00:02:19.740
The thing you are receiving is partygoers.

00:02:19.740 --> 00:02:22.560
You are welcoming them
to celebrate with you.

00:02:22.560 --> 00:02:26.400
Let's use perception and perceive
in a couple of sentences.

00:02:26.400 --> 00:02:28.890
Thanks to his keen powers of perception,

00:02:28.890 --> 00:02:30.960
Walter saw that the bridge
was about to collapse

00:02:30.960 --> 00:02:32.850
and kept everyone away.

00:02:32.850 --> 00:02:34.830
He saw it. He noticed it, right?

00:02:34.830 --> 00:02:36.157
He looked at the bridge and he was like,

00:02:36.157 --> 00:02:40.020
"That structural beam exhibits
signs of metal fatigue."

00:02:40.020 --> 00:02:43.170
Good eye, Walter. Thanks for saving lives.

00:02:43.170 --> 00:02:44.340
Let's do another one.

00:02:44.340 --> 00:02:47.820
Using her psychic powers,
Jade perceived Vivek

00:02:47.820 --> 00:02:49.590
before he entered the room.

00:02:49.590 --> 00:02:53.250
Right, she's sensing
him with, in this case,

00:02:53.250 --> 00:02:55.200
her psychic powers.

00:02:55.200 --> 00:02:57.210
And, of course, another
term for psychic powers

00:02:57.210 --> 00:02:59.790
is extrasensory perception.

00:02:59.790 --> 00:03:02.790
Hmm? What we used to call the sixth sense.

00:03:02.790 --> 00:03:04.860
That's right, I'm putting
more content in the outro.

00:03:04.860 --> 00:03:05.880
Try to stop me.

00:03:05.880 --> 00:03:08.940
Oh right, I forgot. I cannot be stopped.

00:03:08.940 --> 00:03:13.593
But you can't either because
you can learn anything.

00:03:14.520 --> 00:03:15.353
David out.


Collective

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.360 --> 00:00:02.910
- [David] It's time to
come together, wordsmiths.

00:00:02.910 --> 00:00:06.398
The word we'll go through in
this video is "collective."

00:00:06.398 --> 00:00:09.573
Collective, it's an adjective.

00:00:10.770 --> 00:00:14.220
It means, something done
together by everyone in a group,

00:00:14.220 --> 00:00:16.590
like, "We made a collective decision

00:00:16.590 --> 00:00:18.330
that sea slugs should be our mascot."

00:00:18.330 --> 00:00:20.640
We did it together, right?

00:00:20.640 --> 00:00:23.250
This word comes from Latin roots,

00:00:23.250 --> 00:00:25.230
the co- part means with, or together,

00:00:25.230 --> 00:00:27.510
like cohabitate, to live together,

00:00:27.510 --> 00:00:30.060
or cooperate, to work together.

00:00:30.060 --> 00:00:33.150
You might also see it as con, or com.

00:00:33.150 --> 00:00:35.340
The -lect part comes from legere,

00:00:35.340 --> 00:00:38.580
which is Latin for "to
pick," or "to gather."

00:00:38.580 --> 00:00:42.030
It's also Latin for "to read,"
but that's another story.

00:00:42.030 --> 00:00:43.380
So gathered together,

00:00:43.380 --> 00:00:45.840
that's what it means to
collect something, right?

00:00:45.840 --> 00:00:47.820
Collect, gather together.

00:00:47.820 --> 00:00:50.400
And this last part, I-V-E, -ive,

00:00:50.400 --> 00:00:52.558
that's what makes it an
adjective, a describing word,

00:00:52.558 --> 00:00:55.260
it means tending to.

00:00:55.260 --> 00:00:57.660
So, therefore, something that's collective

00:00:57.660 --> 00:01:00.000
tends to stick together, right?

00:01:00.000 --> 00:01:04.170
Gathers things together,
does things as a group.

00:01:04.170 --> 00:01:05.850
So using these three elements,

00:01:05.850 --> 00:01:08.370
what other similar words
can you come up with?

00:01:08.370 --> 00:01:13.370
Co-, or con-, lect, or -ive.

00:01:13.830 --> 00:01:15.150
I'll put on some music.

00:01:15.150 --> 00:01:17.583
Meet me back here in 10 seconds.

00:01:18.607 --> 00:01:21.440
(energetic music)

00:01:29.220 --> 00:01:31.200
Okay. Here's what I came up with.

00:01:31.200 --> 00:01:34.290
Using CON, I have conduct, to guide,

00:01:34.290 --> 00:01:37.110
like a train conductor,
or an orchestra conductor.

00:01:37.110 --> 00:01:38.550
Con, together,

00:01:38.550 --> 00:01:39.930
duct, to lead.

00:01:39.930 --> 00:01:42.060
You're leading an orchestra together.

00:01:42.060 --> 00:01:45.270
You're keeping everyone
on the train together.

00:01:45.270 --> 00:01:48.390
Using LECT, I got elect, right?

00:01:48.390 --> 00:01:50.880
To vote for someone, to pick them.

00:01:50.880 --> 00:01:54.030
Using -ive, I got impressive,

00:01:54.030 --> 00:01:55.860
an adjective that describes something

00:01:55.860 --> 00:01:58.140
as worthy or memorable,

00:01:58.140 --> 00:02:01.350
something that might impress us, right?

00:02:01.350 --> 00:02:04.263
Let's use collective in a sentence.

00:02:05.947 --> 00:02:08.640
"Because its members loved arguing,

00:02:08.640 --> 00:02:12.300
the Debate Club struggled to
make collective decisions."

00:02:12.300 --> 00:02:14.730
Right? They couldn't even
decide what to order for dinner

00:02:14.730 --> 00:02:15.630
as a group.

00:02:15.630 --> 00:02:17.580
Little takeout menu in the center.

00:02:17.580 --> 00:02:19.620
You can also use collective as a noun,

00:02:19.620 --> 00:02:21.360
although that's a little bit less common,

00:02:21.360 --> 00:02:23.340
it's another way to say group.

00:02:23.340 --> 00:02:25.920
Think of like, a farmer's collective,

00:02:25.920 --> 00:02:28.980
or a yarn collective, right?

00:02:28.980 --> 00:02:30.570
It's a group of people
that have come together

00:02:30.570 --> 00:02:32.250
to accomplish something.

00:02:32.250 --> 00:02:33.990
Together, we fly, wordsmiths.

00:02:33.990 --> 00:02:36.540
What we do, we do collectively.

00:02:36.540 --> 00:02:37.860
And together,

00:02:37.860 --> 00:02:39.453
I think we can learn anything.

00:02:40.320 --> 00:02:41.153
David, out.


Incident

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.120 --> 00:00:01.080
- Hey, wordsmiths.

00:00:01.080 --> 00:00:04.170
Let me introduce you to
a spectacular new word.

00:00:04.170 --> 00:00:05.640
It's, oh.

00:00:05.640 --> 00:00:08.700
Oh dear. There's been an incident.

00:00:08.700 --> 00:00:10.710
This manatee has taken several bites

00:00:10.710 --> 00:00:12.990
out of the word spectacular. (sighs)

00:00:12.990 --> 00:00:14.850
Well, fine.

00:00:14.850 --> 00:00:16.980
We are nothing if not
flexible here at Khan Academy.

00:00:16.980 --> 00:00:20.580
So let us instead pivot to
the word incident itself.

00:00:20.580 --> 00:00:21.663
Incident.

00:00:22.560 --> 00:00:24.060
It's a noun.

00:00:24.060 --> 00:00:25.740
And it means an unforeseen

00:00:25.740 --> 00:00:27.600
and usually bad thing that happens,

00:00:27.600 --> 00:00:29.880
like a manatee taking several bites

00:00:29.880 --> 00:00:31.650
out of my vocabulary word.

00:00:31.650 --> 00:00:32.550
Thanks pal.

00:00:32.550 --> 00:00:34.170
Sorry to be the bearer of bad news,

00:00:34.170 --> 00:00:36.240
but hey, at least I can be the bearer

00:00:36.240 --> 00:00:38.043
of good word origins, huh?

00:00:38.043 --> 00:00:39.150
Huh? Come on.

00:00:39.150 --> 00:00:41.100
Incident comes from the Latin incidere,

00:00:41.100 --> 00:00:43.380
which means to fall upon or to happen.

00:00:43.380 --> 00:00:45.090
And we can break that into two parts,

00:00:45.090 --> 00:00:49.380
in, which means in or on, and
cidere, which means to fall.

00:00:49.380 --> 00:00:54.030
So an incident is an event
that fell upon you or happened.

00:00:54.030 --> 00:00:56.100
Now, normally this is the part
of the video where I ask you

00:00:56.100 --> 00:00:57.780
to come up with some
similar sounding words

00:00:57.780 --> 00:00:59.040
and we will get to that,

00:00:59.040 --> 00:01:01.290
but I wanted to head off some confusion.

00:01:01.290 --> 00:01:04.020
Cidere different from caedere,

00:01:04.020 --> 00:01:05.160
which means to kill,

00:01:05.160 --> 00:01:08.820
and shows up in words like
homicide or pesticide, right?

00:01:08.820 --> 00:01:10.170
To killing a person

00:01:10.170 --> 00:01:12.390
or killing pests or killing a bug.

00:01:12.390 --> 00:01:13.350
Different words.

00:01:13.350 --> 00:01:17.700
So when we look for words that
share a root with incident,

00:01:17.700 --> 00:01:19.860
they'll typically be pronounced cid

00:01:19.860 --> 00:01:21.510
instead of cide.

00:01:21.510 --> 00:01:23.040
Anyway, let's do the thing.

00:01:23.040 --> 00:01:24.990
You've got 10 seconds
to come up with words

00:01:24.990 --> 00:01:28.410
that use the prefix in, or the root cid.

00:01:28.410 --> 00:01:31.783
I'll put on some music.
(groovy music)

00:01:41.280 --> 00:01:43.173
Here are some words I came up with.

00:01:44.310 --> 00:01:48.330
Accident, a chance happening,
an unexpected mistake.

00:01:48.330 --> 00:01:49.560
Coincidence, right?

00:01:49.560 --> 00:01:51.510
Which is when two or more
things happen at once

00:01:51.510 --> 00:01:53.010
without having been planned,

00:01:53.010 --> 00:01:56.280
coincident, things happening together,

00:01:56.280 --> 00:01:57.690
and inspect,

00:01:57.690 --> 00:01:59.940
which is to look at something carefully.

00:01:59.940 --> 00:02:01.863
Looking in.

00:02:03.060 --> 00:02:05.070
Let's use incident in a sentence,

00:02:05.070 --> 00:02:08.673
because I think that'll get
across its bad news connotation.

00:02:09.540 --> 00:02:14.540
Sadly, the incident in the
library destroyed all the books.

00:02:14.640 --> 00:02:16.560
It was a bummer to lose all those books.

00:02:16.560 --> 00:02:18.600
An unfortunate thing happened.

00:02:18.600 --> 00:02:21.540
Incident can also
sometimes be a euphemism.

00:02:21.540 --> 00:02:23.640
A way of saying something ugly happened

00:02:23.640 --> 00:02:25.170
without having to name it.

00:02:25.170 --> 00:02:28.140
Note that I'm saying the
incident and not the fire,

00:02:28.140 --> 00:02:31.560
or the horrific cotton
candy machine malfunction.

00:02:31.560 --> 00:02:33.150
This would, as it happens,

00:02:33.150 --> 00:02:35.430
also be really bad for all the books.

00:02:35.430 --> 00:02:37.980
Ah, okay wordsmiths. I have to go.

00:02:37.980 --> 00:02:42.330
There's been an incident.
(thunder roaring)

00:02:42.330 --> 00:02:46.020
I think the manatee is
back and it's still hungry.

00:02:46.020 --> 00:02:47.640
I'll catch you all next time, huh?

00:02:47.640 --> 00:02:49.353
You can learn anything, David out.


Enforce

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.300 --> 00:00:02.100
- [Instructor] Hey, how
do you do wordsmiths?

00:00:02.100 --> 00:00:05.164
This video is about the word enforce.

00:00:05.164 --> 00:00:07.590
Enforce, it's a verb.

00:00:07.590 --> 00:00:11.820
It means to make sure that
a rule or law is followed.

00:00:11.820 --> 00:00:15.240
You might usually hear it in
the context of enforcing a law.

00:00:15.240 --> 00:00:16.560
Right? If I drive too fast,

00:00:16.560 --> 00:00:19.110
local authorities can
enforce the speed limit

00:00:19.110 --> 00:00:22.050
by issuing me a speeding ticket.

00:00:22.050 --> 00:00:24.990
Now, the word origin here
is kind of a violent one,

00:00:24.990 --> 00:00:27.270
this word comes from the
old French, enforcier,

00:00:27.270 --> 00:00:30.120
which means to use force
on someone or something.

00:00:30.120 --> 00:00:33.393
So, EN means in, or on.

00:00:34.230 --> 00:00:36.030
When it's EN, 99% of the time,

00:00:36.030 --> 00:00:37.890
that means it has a French origin,

00:00:37.890 --> 00:00:41.970
and sometimes it'll appear as EM too.

00:00:41.970 --> 00:00:44.490
Force means strength or power,

00:00:44.490 --> 00:00:46.590
it ultimately comes from
a Latin word, fortis,

00:00:46.590 --> 00:00:47.910
which just means strength.

00:00:47.910 --> 00:00:52.830
So when you enforce, you're
using your strength on someone.

00:00:52.830 --> 00:00:54.090
Let's take 10 seconds

00:00:54.090 --> 00:00:56.220
to come up with some more English words

00:00:56.220 --> 00:00:59.670
that contain N, or M, and force.

00:00:59.670 --> 00:01:01.140
I'll put on some music,

00:01:01.140 --> 00:01:03.540
and I'll meet you back here in 10 seconds.

00:01:03.540 --> 00:01:04.551
All right, let's do it.

00:01:04.551 --> 00:01:07.384
(energetic music)

00:01:15.750 --> 00:01:17.940
Right, here's three I came up with.

00:01:17.940 --> 00:01:21.150
Reinforce, which means to
strengthen something, right,

00:01:21.150 --> 00:01:23.193
to put more force in it.

00:01:24.150 --> 00:01:26.580
Encode, which means to
make information secret,

00:01:26.580 --> 00:01:28.800
or to give computerized instructions.

00:01:28.800 --> 00:01:31.320
A spy might carry an encoded letter,

00:01:31.320 --> 00:01:33.510
or I might convert a video file

00:01:33.510 --> 00:01:35.040
from one file type to another

00:01:35.040 --> 00:01:36.990
using an encoder program.

00:01:36.990 --> 00:01:40.530
Right? I'm putting it in, or into, code.

00:01:40.530 --> 00:01:44.400
And embolden, which means to
give someone confidence, right?

00:01:44.400 --> 00:01:47.640
Literally, to put boldness in them.

00:01:47.640 --> 00:01:49.170
And I know it's EM there,

00:01:49.170 --> 00:01:52.950
but M means the same thing as N.

00:01:52.950 --> 00:01:54.900
Let us use the force, as it were,

00:01:54.900 --> 00:01:56.527
and make some sentences.

00:01:56.527 --> 00:01:59.670
"The admiral enforced
the law on his enemies,

00:01:59.670 --> 00:02:02.250
but he ignored the law for his friends."

00:02:02.250 --> 00:02:03.180
So the admiral made sure

00:02:03.180 --> 00:02:05.730
that his enemies had to follow
the law, but not his friends.

00:02:05.730 --> 00:02:08.100
There he is signing a little decree.

00:02:08.100 --> 00:02:11.100
The noun form of enforce is enforcement,

00:02:11.100 --> 00:02:14.377
which you're most likely to
read or hear in the phrase

00:02:14.377 --> 00:02:15.420
"law enforcement,"

00:02:15.420 --> 00:02:17.970
which is to say the police,
sheriff's department,

00:02:17.970 --> 00:02:19.770
Department of Justice, right?

00:02:19.770 --> 00:02:23.940
Law enforcement is empowered
to enforce the law.

00:02:23.940 --> 00:02:26.407
They represent the power of
the state to say things like,

00:02:26.407 --> 00:02:28.680
"Hey, it's against the
law to hurt people."

00:02:28.680 --> 00:02:30.180
And if someone hurts people,

00:02:30.180 --> 00:02:33.030
the law has the power to stop them, right?

00:02:33.030 --> 00:02:36.330
That's what it means to
have enforcement powers.

00:02:36.330 --> 00:02:38.283
Okay, you can learn anything.

00:02:39.510 --> 00:02:40.343
David, out.


Impose

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.570 --> 00:00:01.860
- [Narrator] Hey there, wordsmiths.

00:00:01.860 --> 00:00:06.000
This video is about the
word impose, impose.

00:00:06.000 --> 00:00:09.930
It's a verb and it means to
force something onto others.

00:00:09.930 --> 00:00:12.900
Kind of like how I
impose my taste in music

00:00:12.900 --> 00:00:14.400
on you in these videos.

00:00:14.400 --> 00:00:17.130
You didn't ask for this,
I just put it onto you,

00:00:17.130 --> 00:00:21.420
which is indeed what this
word literally means in Latin/

00:00:21.420 --> 00:00:25.830
Comes from two parts, im or
in, which can mean in or on,

00:00:25.830 --> 00:00:28.020
and ponere, which means to put.

00:00:28.020 --> 00:00:30.120
So let me impose my taste on you

00:00:30.120 --> 00:00:32.220
by giving you a ten second music break

00:00:32.220 --> 00:00:34.350
during which time I would
like for you to list out

00:00:34.350 --> 00:00:38.400
as many words that contain
im or pose as you can.

00:00:38.400 --> 00:00:39.993
Ready? Let's do it to it.

00:00:41.078 --> 00:00:43.661
(upbeat music)

00:00:50.500 --> 00:00:53.160
All right, here is some
I came up with earlier.

00:00:53.160 --> 00:00:55.230
Position, where you put something,

00:00:55.230 --> 00:00:56.910
where it's located.

00:00:56.910 --> 00:00:59.460
Impression, an impact, a dent,

00:00:59.460 --> 00:01:01.020
when you make a big impression,

00:01:01.020 --> 00:01:03.030
you're literally saying you pressed

00:01:03.030 --> 00:01:05.580
into something, like a
big impression in the sand

00:01:05.580 --> 00:01:06.960
or the snow.

00:01:06.960 --> 00:01:10.410
Figuratively, it's an idea
that occurs to you as easily

00:01:10.410 --> 00:01:12.183
as making a dent in sand.

00:01:13.020 --> 00:01:14.520
Oppose, right?

00:01:14.520 --> 00:01:17.400
This word means to be against something,

00:01:17.400 --> 00:01:20.490
to put yourself against it.

00:01:20.490 --> 00:01:22.320
Anyway, impose, it means

00:01:22.320 --> 00:01:25.230
to put something on someone,
but it's not used literally.

00:01:25.230 --> 00:01:28.980
You wouldn't say, "I imposed
a bucket on Steve's head.

00:01:28.980 --> 00:01:30.150
Sorry Steve."

00:01:30.150 --> 00:01:31.177
'Cause you wouldn't do that.

00:01:31.177 --> 00:01:33.840
"So I guess I'm not sorry Steve,
'cause that didn't happen."

00:01:33.840 --> 00:01:37.380
It is a figurative meaning,
a non-literal meaning.

00:01:37.380 --> 00:01:39.810
Do you think the new principle will impose

00:01:39.810 --> 00:01:41.430
a ban on junk food?

00:01:41.430 --> 00:01:44.040
It's more like you're
putting in a new rule.

00:01:44.040 --> 00:01:46.950
Another meaning of
imposing is being impolite.

00:01:46.950 --> 00:01:49.560
It's a common expression
to say, "I don't want

00:01:49.560 --> 00:01:51.300
to impose," right?

00:01:51.300 --> 00:01:53.190
I don't wanna be an inconvenience.

00:01:53.190 --> 00:01:57.240
I don't wanna waste your
time, put myself in your way.

00:01:57.240 --> 00:02:01.290
You see, "I don't want to
impose, but could you look

00:02:01.290 --> 00:02:03.333
after my giant spider this weekend?

00:02:04.320 --> 00:02:08.100
You don't even need to walk
her, come on, she's so sweet.

00:02:08.100 --> 00:02:09.810
Her name is Benjamin."

00:02:09.810 --> 00:02:12.300
Another form that this word
can take if we wanna make it

00:02:12.300 --> 00:02:14.673
a noun, is imposition.

00:02:15.510 --> 00:02:17.460
It's a big imposition for me to look

00:02:17.460 --> 00:02:19.740
after this man eating spider.

00:02:19.740 --> 00:02:21.780
Wordsmiths, I would never ask you to watch

00:02:21.780 --> 00:02:24.450
my giant spider, man-eating or otherwise,

00:02:24.450 --> 00:02:27.210
but I would impose on
you by asking that you be

00:02:27.210 --> 00:02:30.453
so kind as to watch the next
vocabulary video I make.

00:02:31.290 --> 00:02:33.813
You can learn anything, David out.


Resistance

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:01.470
- [Instructor] What's up, wordsmiths?

00:00:01.470 --> 00:00:04.040
This video is about the word resistance.

00:00:04.906 --> 00:00:05.823
Resistance.

00:00:07.800 --> 00:00:08.643
It's a noun.

00:00:09.510 --> 00:00:11.370
It means opposition,

00:00:11.370 --> 00:00:15.213
an effort to stop or fight
something or someone.

00:00:16.080 --> 00:00:18.210
We could say the developers wanted to turn

00:00:18.210 --> 00:00:19.950
the community garden into a parking lot,

00:00:19.950 --> 00:00:21.960
but they were stopped by stiff resistance

00:00:21.960 --> 00:00:22.890
from the neighborhood.

00:00:22.890 --> 00:00:23.970
No, don't.

00:00:23.970 --> 00:00:25.710
Yay for gardens, right?

00:00:25.710 --> 00:00:27.990
The community tried hard
to stop the developers.

00:00:27.990 --> 00:00:29.883
They resisted the plan.

00:00:30.780 --> 00:00:31.980
Derivation time.

00:00:31.980 --> 00:00:35.460
This word ultimately comes
from Latin word parts,

00:00:35.460 --> 00:00:40.230
so re meaning back again or against,

00:00:40.230 --> 00:00:43.563
and sistere, meaning to
stand firm, to stay put.

00:00:44.460 --> 00:00:45.840
So to resist something,

00:00:45.840 --> 00:00:47.580
to express your resistance

00:00:47.580 --> 00:00:52.380
is to stand firm against it
consistently again and again.

00:00:52.380 --> 00:00:55.440
Take the next 10 seconds to
think of some English words

00:00:55.440 --> 00:01:00.440
that contain either of those
elements, either re or sist.

00:01:00.570 --> 00:01:03.120
Ready? Let's go.

00:01:03.120 --> 00:01:05.787
(upbeat music)

00:01:13.290 --> 00:01:15.210
Here are some that I thought of.

00:01:15.210 --> 00:01:17.220
Persist, which means to continue

00:01:17.220 --> 00:01:19.140
through a difficult situation.

00:01:19.140 --> 00:01:21.120
Per means through, right?

00:01:21.120 --> 00:01:25.290
You stick with it. You stay
put through difficulty.

00:01:25.290 --> 00:01:27.840
Renew, which is to start something again,

00:01:27.840 --> 00:01:29.400
or make something new again,

00:01:29.400 --> 00:01:32.220
like renewing a checkout from the library,

00:01:32.220 --> 00:01:35.640
or insist, which is to
make a forceful demand,

00:01:35.640 --> 00:01:38.340
to stand firm about something, right?

00:01:38.340 --> 00:01:41.730
I insist on my right to a glazed donut.

00:01:41.730 --> 00:01:44.670
Let's use resistance in
a couple of sentences.

00:01:44.670 --> 00:01:48.060
Professor Insidious could
not poison Ms. Excellent,

00:01:48.060 --> 00:01:51.900
because of her legendary
resistance to toxins.

00:01:51.900 --> 00:01:54.630
That's a superhero I just made up.

00:01:54.630 --> 00:01:56.580
That's her thing. She can't be poisoned.

00:01:56.580 --> 00:01:59.160
She's highly resistant to poisons.

00:01:59.160 --> 00:02:00.480
Ooh, that's a good one.

00:02:00.480 --> 00:02:03.180
Let's use the adjective form, resistant.

00:02:03.180 --> 00:02:06.450
Put on an A-N-T ending there.

00:02:06.450 --> 00:02:08.730
When they offered to fly
me across the country,

00:02:08.730 --> 00:02:11.070
I was resistant at first.

00:02:11.070 --> 00:02:13.440
That's our adjective
form. I was resistant.

00:02:13.440 --> 00:02:16.170
I didn't wanna do it. I opposed it.

00:02:16.170 --> 00:02:18.690
I exhibited resistance.

00:02:18.690 --> 00:02:20.490
I hope that you do not exhibit resistance

00:02:20.490 --> 00:02:21.990
to learning, dear Wordsmiths,

00:02:21.990 --> 00:02:25.471
because I remain confident
that you can learn anything.

00:02:25.471 --> 00:02:26.963
David Allen.


Contentious

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.450 --> 00:00:02.430
- I've got a bone to pick
with you, wordsmiths,

00:00:02.430 --> 00:00:05.436
because this video is
about the word contentious.

00:00:05.436 --> 00:00:06.436
Contentious.

00:00:07.470 --> 00:00:08.690
It's an adjective

00:00:08.690 --> 00:00:11.460
and it means involving arguing.

00:00:11.460 --> 00:00:15.540
Quarrelsome, we had a contentious
debate over whether bears

00:00:15.540 --> 00:00:17.910
were scarier than snakes.

00:00:17.910 --> 00:00:21.930
Kind of looks like a pig,
but pigs can also be scary.

00:00:21.930 --> 00:00:22.763
I don't know.

00:00:22.763 --> 00:00:25.200
This word comes to us
from Latin, contentious,

00:00:25.200 --> 00:00:27.870
and it's a combination of two parts.

00:00:27.870 --> 00:00:30.000
Con, which means together or with

00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:33.750
and tendere which means
to stretch, to contend

00:00:33.750 --> 00:00:35.820
for something in English
is to fight for it

00:00:35.820 --> 00:00:39.000
with someone else, you're
stretching your relationship

00:00:39.000 --> 00:00:40.800
with someone like a tug of war

00:00:40.800 --> 00:00:42.930
where you're both pulling
on the end of a rope.

00:00:42.930 --> 00:00:45.424
So something that's
contentious is, for lack

00:00:45.424 --> 00:00:49.050
of a better word, fighty, argumentative.

00:00:49.050 --> 00:00:52.860
Keeping those elements
con and tend in mind.

00:00:52.860 --> 00:00:55.770
Try to come up with a couple
of similar words in English

00:00:55.770 --> 00:00:57.690
that contain those parts.

00:00:57.690 --> 00:00:59.340
I'll give you 10 seconds.

00:00:59.340 --> 00:01:00.600
All right?

00:01:00.600 --> 00:01:02.938
Take me home country road.

00:01:02.938 --> 00:01:05.605
(upbeat music)

00:01:13.230 --> 00:01:14.880
Here were some of mine.

00:01:14.880 --> 00:01:15.713
Tension,

00:01:15.713 --> 00:01:18.060
which is when something
is stretched tight,

00:01:18.060 --> 00:01:20.940
like a rubber band or a spring,
or it can also be a kind

00:01:20.940 --> 00:01:24.330
of unspoken conflict between people.

00:01:24.330 --> 00:01:28.320
Container, a box, an
enclosure of some kind.

00:01:28.320 --> 00:01:32.190
Con tainer means held together

00:01:32.190 --> 00:01:35.670
and extend, which means to stretch out,

00:01:35.670 --> 00:01:38.430
to extend the hand of friendship.

00:01:38.430 --> 00:01:39.869
Let's try it in a sentence.

00:01:39.869 --> 00:01:42.510
Over a series of contentious meetings,

00:01:42.510 --> 00:01:46.620
team cake finally agreed to
a compromise with team pie.

00:01:46.620 --> 00:01:48.900
It must have been a bitter conflict.

00:01:48.900 --> 00:01:51.480
Well, I guess a sweet conflict actually.

00:01:51.480 --> 00:01:54.030
Another one, when we play Monopoly,

00:01:54.030 --> 00:01:56.760
it's always a contentious
issue as to who gets

00:01:56.760 --> 00:01:58.230
to be the thimble.

00:01:58.230 --> 00:02:00.270
That's a weird thing to
argue over, in my opinion.

00:02:00.270 --> 00:02:01.103
I love a thimble.

00:02:01.103 --> 00:02:02.550
Sure, but the Scotty dog

00:02:02.550 --> 00:02:05.190
and the top hat are right there.

00:02:05.190 --> 00:02:06.480
Do not pass go.

00:02:06.480 --> 00:02:08.670
Do not collect 200 vocabulary words.

00:02:08.670 --> 00:02:10.530
We gotta hash this argument out first.

00:02:10.530 --> 00:02:14.760
You contentious, wordsmiths
you, you can learn anything.

00:02:14.760 --> 00:02:15.593
David out.