Properties of numbers 2

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

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5,524 plus 0.

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Well, I'm adding 0.

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I'm adding nothing, so it's
still just going to be 5,524.

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By what number can we
multiply 8,895 to get 1?

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Well, we're going to
have to multiply it

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times its reciprocal.

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So we're going to
multiply it times--

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or we could say its
multiplicative inverse is

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sometimes one way of
thinking about it.

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And that's just
going to be 1/8,895.

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You multiply 8,895
times 1/8,895,

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you are going to get 1.

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1,555 times 1.

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Well, anything times 1 is
going to be that anything,

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so this is essentially
saying one 1,555.

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So that's just
going to be 1,555.

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1,543 plus 0.

00:00:57.825 --> 00:00:59.200
Well, we're adding
nothing to it,

00:00:59.200 --> 00:01:02.970
so it's just going to be 1,543.

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5,804 plus 0.

00:01:04.470 --> 00:01:09.160
Once again, we're adding nothing
to it, so it's just 5,804.

00:01:09.160 --> 00:01:13.970
What number can we add
to 1,893 to get to 0?

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So we're going to have to
essentially take 1,893 away.

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So the only number that we can
add that would take away 1,893

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is negative 1,893.

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This added to 1,893
is equal to 0.

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Anything times 1 is going
to be that anything,

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so it's going to be 7,360.

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By what number can we
multiply 4,850 to get 1?

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Well, we've already done this.

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This is just going to be
1/4,850, and we are done.


15 Sums of terms in a sequence

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Kind: captions
Language: en

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- [Voiceover] In the sequence above

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the first term is one and each term

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after the first is twice
the proceeding term.

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What is the sum of the 16th, 17th,

00:00:09.230 --> 00:00:11.864
and 18th terms in the sequence?

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So let's write the sequence down again.

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It's one, two, four, eight, 16,

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and just keeps going on and on.

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So the first term here,
this is the first term.

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What is this?

00:00:25.851 --> 00:00:27.302
Well one way to think about it is

00:00:27.302 --> 00:00:29.334
that this is two to the zero power

00:00:29.334 --> 00:00:31.981
and our second term right over here,

00:00:31.981 --> 00:00:33.417
this is two to the first power.

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And then our third term right over here,

00:00:35.437 --> 00:00:37.527
this is two to the second power.

00:00:37.527 --> 00:00:39.396
Our fourth term here, you see the pattern,

00:00:39.396 --> 00:00:41.067
this is two to the third power.

00:00:41.067 --> 00:00:42.774
Our fifth term in the sequence,

00:00:42.774 --> 00:00:44.701
this is two to the fourth power.

00:00:44.701 --> 00:00:46.007
So if we were to go to the 16th,

00:00:46.007 --> 00:00:48.662
17th, and 18th terms, so let's go there.

00:00:48.662 --> 00:00:50.617
So if we were to go to,

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if we were to go to the, so dot, dot, dot,

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if we were to go to the 16th, 17th

00:00:57.002 --> 00:01:00.531
and 18th term, the 16th term is going

00:01:00.531 --> 00:01:02.272
to be, if we just follow this pattern

00:01:02.272 --> 00:01:03.282
right over here, it's going to be

00:01:03.282 --> 00:01:06.707
two to the one minus less
than the term power, right?

00:01:06.707 --> 00:01:08.507
When it's the fifth term,
it's the fourth power,

00:01:08.507 --> 00:01:10.341
when it's the fourth term,
it's the third power.

00:01:10.341 --> 00:01:12.314
So this is going to two to the 15th power.

00:01:12.314 --> 00:01:14.903
This is going to be two to the 16th power

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and this is going to be
two to the 17th power.

00:01:18.885 --> 00:01:21.102
And so what's the sum of the 16th,

00:01:21.102 --> 00:01:24.875
17th and 18th terms in the sequence?

00:01:24.875 --> 00:01:26.681
Well it's going to be,

00:01:27.217 --> 00:01:30.282
it's going to be two to the 15th,

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plus two to the 16th,
plus two to the 17th.

00:01:36.330 --> 00:01:39.197
Now this is accurate,
but if you were taking

00:01:39.197 --> 00:01:40.962
this on a test and this wasn't the form

00:01:40.962 --> 00:01:42.924
that they have it in, we could try

00:01:42.924 --> 00:01:44.027
to manipulate this a little bit

00:01:44.027 --> 00:01:45.640
and the one way to manipulate it would be

00:01:45.640 --> 00:01:49.274
well let's try to factor
out a two to the 15th power.

00:01:49.274 --> 00:01:51.758
So if you factor out a
two to the 15th power,

00:01:51.758 --> 00:01:55.601
so this is going to two to the 15th times,

00:01:55.601 --> 00:01:58.689
so two to the 15th divided
by two to the 15th,

00:01:58.689 --> 00:02:00.359
that's just going to be one.

00:02:00.837 --> 00:02:03.449
Two to the 16th divided
by two to the 15th,

00:02:03.449 --> 00:02:05.477
well that's just going to be two, right?

00:02:05.477 --> 00:02:06.649
Let me write that down.

00:02:06.649 --> 00:02:09.064
Two to the 16th over two to the 15th,

00:02:09.064 --> 00:02:12.988
that's equivalent to two
to the 16 minus 15th power,

00:02:12.988 --> 00:02:14.738
which is just equal to two to the first,

00:02:14.738 --> 00:02:16.642
which is just equal to two.

00:02:16.642 --> 00:02:18.627
So that's going to be one plus two,

00:02:18.627 --> 00:02:21.517
and then finally two to the 17th,

00:02:21.517 --> 00:02:25.546
two to the 17th divided by two to the 15th

00:02:25.546 --> 00:02:28.018
is equal to two to the second power,

00:02:28.018 --> 00:02:29.572
or just four.

00:02:30.178 --> 00:02:32.058
So just four right over there,

00:02:32.058 --> 00:02:34.403
and there's, this obviously will simplify

00:02:34.403 --> 00:02:37.118
to one plus two plus four is just seven,

00:02:37.758 --> 00:02:38.975
is just seven.

00:02:39.302 --> 00:02:40.870
So the answer to their question?

00:02:40.870 --> 00:02:43.304
It would be seven times two to the 15th.

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So it'd be seven times
two to the 15th power.


Missing value addition and subtraction problems with negative numbers

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

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- [Voiceover] What I
hope to do in this video

00:00:01.565 --> 00:00:02.900
is go through a bunch of examples

00:00:02.900 --> 00:00:05.366
that will hopefully give us
an even better understanding

00:00:05.366 --> 00:00:07.469
of what it means to add or subtract

00:00:07.469 --> 00:00:10.386
a positive or a negative number.

00:00:10.386 --> 00:00:12.400
And as I go through these, I encourage you

00:00:12.400 --> 00:00:14.833
to keep pausing the video and
try to solve it on your own

00:00:14.833 --> 00:00:17.256
and then see how we can solve it together.

00:00:17.256 --> 00:00:18.333
So let's start.

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If I were to say that negative one

00:00:20.535 --> 00:00:25.517
is equal to seven minus blank,

00:00:25.517 --> 00:00:27.134
what should be in that blank?

00:00:27.134 --> 00:00:29.333
What number, either positive or negative,

00:00:29.333 --> 00:00:32.833
I guess it could be zero,
what would that number be?

00:00:32.833 --> 00:00:34.600
Alright, let's work through it together.

00:00:34.600 --> 00:00:37.134
So let me throw a number line here.

00:00:37.134 --> 00:00:40.567
So let me put a number
line right over here.

00:00:40.567 --> 00:00:42.834
Now let's just think
about what's going on.

00:00:42.834 --> 00:00:47.300
So we are trying to get to negative one.

00:00:47.300 --> 00:00:49.300
We're trying to get to negative one

00:00:49.300 --> 00:00:52.234
and we are starting at seven.

00:00:52.234 --> 00:00:54.334
So seven; this is five, six, seven.

00:00:54.334 --> 00:00:56.700
So we're starting at seven.

00:00:56.700 --> 00:00:59.300
So what do we have to subtract from seven

00:00:59.300 --> 00:01:03.606
to get to this negative one here.

00:01:03.606 --> 00:01:08.467
Well, we have to move
one, two, three, four,

00:01:08.467 --> 00:01:11.933
five, six, seven, eight.

00:01:11.933 --> 00:01:13.715
Eight to the left.

00:01:13.715 --> 00:01:17.769
So what we just did is we just subtracted

00:01:17.769 --> 00:01:21.134
eight from seven to get to negative one.

00:01:21.134 --> 00:01:22.766
So what are we going to subtract?

00:01:22.766 --> 00:01:26.366
We need to subtract eight.

00:01:26.366 --> 00:01:29.033
Let's do another one of
these, this is kind of fun.

00:01:29.033 --> 00:01:30.766
Let's say we need to figure out,

00:01:30.766 --> 00:01:35.766
let's say we have negative 10 plus blank

00:01:35.833 --> 00:01:38.300
is equal to negative five.

00:01:38.300 --> 00:01:40.601
What would the blank be in this case?

00:01:40.601 --> 00:01:43.767
Let's give ourselves a number line again.

00:01:43.767 --> 00:01:48.115
Let's give ourselves a number
line again and let's see.

00:01:48.115 --> 00:01:51.033
We are going to start at negative 10,

00:01:51.033 --> 00:01:54.433
so let's see, this is
negative 10 right over here.

00:01:54.433 --> 00:01:56.434
So we're gonna start at negative 10

00:01:56.434 --> 00:02:00.000
and we're gonna add something
to it to get to negative five.

00:02:00.000 --> 00:02:03.366
Remember, negative five
is right over here.

00:02:03.366 --> 00:02:05.266
So if we're adding that
means we're going to be going

00:02:05.266 --> 00:02:06.400
to the right on the number line.

00:02:06.400 --> 00:02:08.765
That is if we're adding a positive number.

00:02:08.765 --> 00:02:10.600
And we see here we're going to the right,

00:02:10.600 --> 00:02:12.866
we're going from negative
10 to negative five,

00:02:12.866 --> 00:02:15.433
so we are going to be
adding a positive number.

00:02:15.433 --> 00:02:17.867
If we added a negative number
we would move to the left.

00:02:17.867 --> 00:02:19.500
So how much are we adding?

00:02:19.500 --> 00:02:20.733
Well, let's just count.

00:02:20.733 --> 00:02:25.300
We're gonna add one,
two, three, four, five.

00:02:25.300 --> 00:02:29.467
So we just added positive five.

00:02:29.467 --> 00:02:31.067
So that would be a five right there.

00:02:31.067 --> 00:02:36.067
Negative 10 plus five is
equal to negative five.

00:02:36.366 --> 00:02:39.400
We just became five less negative

00:02:39.400 --> 00:02:40.933
is one way to think about it.

00:02:40.933 --> 00:02:42.266
Let's do another one!

00:02:42.266 --> 00:02:43.433
Alright.

00:02:43.433 --> 00:02:46.933
So let's say we had four is equal

00:02:46.933 --> 00:02:50.833
to negative two plus blank.

00:02:50.833 --> 00:02:55.707
Four is equal to negative two plus blank.

00:02:55.707 --> 00:02:57.800
We could do this the same
way we've been doing others.

00:02:57.800 --> 00:03:00.200
Let's get our number line out here.

00:03:00.200 --> 00:03:03.207
Let's get our number line
out here and let's see.

00:03:03.207 --> 00:03:06.734
One way to think about it,
our goal, is to get four.

00:03:06.734 --> 00:03:10.000
Our goal is four right over here.

00:03:10.000 --> 00:03:13.300
So this is one, two, three,
four, get to positive four.

00:03:13.300 --> 00:03:15.533
That's positive four right there.

00:03:15.533 --> 00:03:19.052
We're starting at negative two...

00:03:19.052 --> 00:03:21.000
Let me do this in a different color.

00:03:21.000 --> 00:03:23.200
We're starting at negative two.

00:03:23.200 --> 00:03:25.500
We're saying four is the
same thing as negative two,

00:03:25.500 --> 00:03:27.468
negative two is right over here,

00:03:27.468 --> 00:03:30.133
negative two plus some amount.

00:03:30.133 --> 00:03:33.112
And it's clear we're gonna
be moving to the right by,

00:03:33.112 --> 00:03:35.354
let's see, we're gonna
move to the right by

00:03:35.354 --> 00:03:39.911
one, two, three, four, five, six.

00:03:40.495 --> 00:03:42.666
So we moved to the right by six.

00:03:42.666 --> 00:03:44.300
So we added six.

00:03:44.300 --> 00:03:48.564
So negative two plus six

00:03:48.564 --> 00:03:51.588
is equal to four.

00:03:51.588 --> 00:03:52.333
This is fascinating.

00:03:52.333 --> 00:03:55.638
Actually, let's just do several
more of these, I can't stop.

00:03:55.638 --> 00:03:56.966
(laughs)
Alright.

00:03:56.966 --> 00:04:01.250
So let's say we wanted to figure out,

00:04:01.250 --> 00:04:04.568
I have six plus blank.

00:04:04.568 --> 00:04:08.633
Six plus blank is equal to negative eight.

00:04:08.633 --> 00:04:10.500
Like always, try to pause the video

00:04:10.500 --> 00:04:14.030
and figure out what this
blank is going to be.

00:04:14.030 --> 00:04:17.033
Let me throw my number line back here.

00:04:17.033 --> 00:04:19.930
So my number line.

00:04:19.930 --> 00:04:23.455
And one way to think about it

00:04:23.455 --> 00:04:28.423
is I am starting at six.

00:04:28.423 --> 00:04:31.466
So it's five, this is six right over here.

00:04:31.466 --> 00:04:34.933
And I'm gonna add something
to get to negative eight.

00:04:34.933 --> 00:04:37.133
To get to negative eight
this is negative five,

00:04:37.133 --> 00:04:39.100
negative six, negative
seven, negative eight.

00:04:39.100 --> 00:04:41.300
I want to get right over here,

00:04:41.300 --> 00:04:42.900
I want to get to negative eight.

00:04:42.900 --> 00:04:47.100
So what do I have to do to get
from six to negative eight?

00:04:47.100 --> 00:04:50.300
To go from six to negative eight.

00:04:50.300 --> 00:04:53.400
We're clear I have to go to
the left on the number line.

00:04:53.400 --> 00:04:55.534
And how much do I have to go to the left?

00:04:55.534 --> 00:04:57.068
Well, let's count it.

00:04:57.068 --> 00:05:00.644
I have to go one, two, three, four,

00:05:00.644 --> 00:05:04.367
five, six, seven, eight, nine,

00:05:04.367 --> 00:05:08.797
10, 11, 12, 13, 14.

00:05:08.797 --> 00:05:10.826
So going 14 to the left, you could say

00:05:10.826 --> 00:05:13.466
that I just subtracted 14.

00:05:13.466 --> 00:05:14.412
And if we phrase it as

00:05:14.412 --> 00:05:16.966
six plus what is equal to negative eight?

00:05:16.966 --> 00:05:20.200
Well, six plus negative 14.

00:05:20.200 --> 00:05:21.733
If this said six minus something

00:05:21.733 --> 00:05:23.800
I could have just said six minus 14,

00:05:23.800 --> 00:05:25.666
but if it's saying six plus what

00:05:25.666 --> 00:05:30.617
it's going to be six plus negative 14.


Overview of Official SAT Practice

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.313 --> 00:00:01.473
- [Voiceover] What I'd
like to do in this video

00:00:01.473 --> 00:00:05.733
is give you an overview of the
Khan Academy SAT resources.

00:00:05.733 --> 00:00:08.673
The official SAT resources that
we've been able to construct

00:00:08.673 --> 00:00:11.753
alongside with our partners
at the college board.

00:00:11.753 --> 00:00:14.093
So right when you go to the resource,

00:00:14.093 --> 00:00:15.253
it'll ask you a few questions.

00:00:15.253 --> 00:00:17.453
The first one is "Are
you trying to practice

00:00:17.453 --> 00:00:20.293
"for the SAT or the PSAT?"

00:00:20.293 --> 00:00:22.633
The tests are obviously
related but then this will help

00:00:22.633 --> 00:00:26.433
the system just know what
you're actually trying to target

00:00:26.433 --> 00:00:27.713
and in the first version of this,

00:00:27.713 --> 00:00:29.473
it's primarily about SAT but that's still

00:00:29.473 --> 00:00:31.373
going to help you for the PSAT.

00:00:31.373 --> 00:00:33.133
That says next to question two.

00:00:33.133 --> 00:00:34.753
I got to answer four questions here.

00:00:34.753 --> 00:00:37.413
The SAT is changing in March 2016.

00:00:37.413 --> 00:00:39.593
Which SAT do you want to practice for?

00:00:39.593 --> 00:00:42.973
The current SAT, the new
SAT, or I'm not sure.

00:00:44.023 --> 00:00:45.736
Let's say I want to do the new SAT.

00:00:46.796 --> 00:00:48.296
And then we'd like to
be able to let you know

00:00:48.296 --> 00:00:50.356
about upcoming SAT events in your area,

00:00:50.356 --> 00:00:52.356
such as Saturday in-person practice tests

00:00:52.356 --> 00:00:53.596
and local study groups.

00:00:53.596 --> 00:00:55.776
This is actually something
we're very excited about

00:00:55.776 --> 00:00:56.916
and of course, we're never going to

00:00:56.916 --> 00:00:58.414
sell your personal information.

00:00:58.414 --> 00:00:59.874
It's just to notify you when

00:00:59.874 --> 00:01:01.294
interesting things are going on.

00:01:01.294 --> 00:01:04.314
So I could put in my ZIP
code right over there

00:01:04.314 --> 00:01:06.874
and then, question four:

00:01:06.874 --> 00:01:09.314
Our system will create a personalized plan

00:01:09.314 --> 00:01:10.754
that focuses you on practicing

00:01:10.754 --> 00:01:13.454
the skills you need to improve the most.

00:01:13.454 --> 00:01:16.934
It's going to start me on
four short diagnostic quizzes

00:01:16.934 --> 00:01:18.734
that should each take
about ten minutes each

00:01:18.734 --> 00:01:20.894
and says where do I
want to focus on first.

00:01:20.894 --> 00:01:24.394
Let's just say I want
to focus more on math.

00:01:24.394 --> 00:01:26.456
Let's do this thing.

00:01:26.456 --> 00:01:27.796
So here we are.

00:01:27.796 --> 00:01:29.816
We said we wanted to focus on math first

00:01:29.816 --> 00:01:30.696
and you see there's two tabs.

00:01:30.696 --> 00:01:33.476
There's reading and writing
and then there's math.

00:01:33.476 --> 00:01:35.096
It defaulted me to math because that's

00:01:35.096 --> 00:01:36.796
what I said I want to focus on first

00:01:36.796 --> 00:01:38.956
and then we see here that there are,

00:01:38.956 --> 00:01:41.976
that there are four
quizzes that I could take.

00:01:41.976 --> 00:01:44.556
Each of them should take
me roughly 10 minutes.

00:01:44.556 --> 00:01:46.156
They're going to have 10 questions on them

00:01:46.156 --> 00:01:47.736
and the goal of these, and I encourage you

00:01:47.736 --> 00:01:49.756
to kind of take the time out to do these

00:01:49.756 --> 00:01:51.196
as well as you can.

00:01:51.196 --> 00:01:52.716
Don't just kind of guess the answers

00:01:52.716 --> 00:01:54.736
because this will inform the system

00:01:55.796 --> 00:01:57.316
where you are at different skills.

00:01:57.316 --> 00:02:00.336
The goal of doing four
quizzes with 10 questions each

00:02:00.336 --> 00:02:01.996
is by doing these 40 questions,

00:02:01.996 --> 00:02:04.616
you're essentially covering
all of the major dimensions

00:02:04.616 --> 00:02:07.936
that you might see on a math SAT

00:02:07.936 --> 00:02:09.476
and so the system will be able to say,

00:02:09.476 --> 00:02:10.516
"Okay, what are you stronger at

00:02:10.516 --> 00:02:11.536
"and what are you weaker at?"

00:02:11.536 --> 00:02:13.656
And it will be able to give
you personalized practice.

00:02:13.656 --> 00:02:14.816
Let's take one of these quizzes

00:02:14.816 --> 00:02:16.636
just to see what it looks like.

00:02:17.726 --> 00:02:19.619
And so it says the quiz is not timed.

00:02:19.619 --> 00:02:20.939
We'll assign you a starting strength

00:02:20.939 --> 00:02:22.359
for every skill on the quiz.

00:02:22.359 --> 00:02:24.139
It says calculators are not allowed

00:02:24.139 --> 00:02:26.039
and once again, this is
all for your benefit,

00:02:26.039 --> 00:02:28.499
to get a sense of what you
know and what you don't know.

00:02:28.499 --> 00:02:31.799
And like on the new SAT,
there's no penalty for guessing.

00:02:31.799 --> 00:02:34.219
So let's start, let's start this quiz.

00:02:34.219 --> 00:02:36.279
Alright, so I'm gonna kind of pseudo try

00:02:36.279 --> 00:02:37.999
and answer some of
these and a few of them,

00:02:37.999 --> 00:02:40.189
I might just guess just
for the sake of time.

00:02:40.189 --> 00:02:42.343
Slema is filling her water jugs

00:02:42.343 --> 00:02:44.043
with spring water at the supermarket.

00:02:44.043 --> 00:02:46.563
The above equation gives the empty space

00:02:46.563 --> 00:02:50.403
in her jugs, V, in US
gallons after T minutes

00:02:50.403 --> 00:02:51.903
at a constant fill rate.

00:02:51.903 --> 00:02:55.183
How many minutes will it
take to fill the jugs?

00:02:55.183 --> 00:02:56.343
So let's think about it.

00:02:56.343 --> 00:02:57.443
When the jugs are filled,

00:02:57.443 --> 00:02:58.983
there's not going to be any empty space

00:02:58.983 --> 00:03:01.023
so this is going to be equal to zero.

00:03:01.023 --> 00:03:03.943
So what time will make V equal zero?

00:03:03.943 --> 00:03:05.583
You have no empty space left.

00:03:05.583 --> 00:03:07.423
Well, time would be 6.4.

00:03:07.423 --> 00:03:10.803
So after 6.4 minutes,
so let me type that in.

00:03:10.803 --> 00:03:15.763
6.4, let's finish this diagnostic.

00:03:15.763 --> 00:03:17.463
And what do we have?

00:03:17.463 --> 00:03:18.803
All right, well we get a report

00:03:18.803 --> 00:03:20.923
and on this report, we see

00:03:20.923 --> 00:03:25.623
that I was able to get nine
out of the 10 questions right.

00:03:25.623 --> 00:03:27.623
For the ones that I was able to get right,

00:03:27.623 --> 00:03:30.263
I'm going to start at skill level 3.

00:03:30.263 --> 00:03:32.663
What is skill level 3, you ask?

00:03:32.663 --> 00:03:36.403
Well, we've broadly been able to chunk

00:03:36.403 --> 00:03:39.023
the types of items that
you've seen on the SAT

00:03:39.023 --> 00:03:40.363
into three skill levels:

00:03:40.363 --> 00:03:44.203
Skill level 2, skill level
3, and skill level 4.

00:03:44.203 --> 00:03:46.963
You might say, "Well what
is skill level 1, then?"

00:03:46.963 --> 00:03:48.083
Well, skill level 1 would be

00:03:48.083 --> 00:03:49.503
the pre-requisite knowledge

00:03:49.503 --> 00:03:51.203
that you might not actually see on the SAT

00:03:51.203 --> 00:03:53.483
but if you're having
trouble with skill level 2,

00:03:53.483 --> 00:03:56.083
we have resources that will allow you

00:03:56.083 --> 00:03:59.163
to build those foundations
in that pre-requisite work.

00:03:59.163 --> 00:04:01.403
But you saw the things that I got right,

00:04:01.403 --> 00:04:03.283
linear equality word problems,

00:04:03.283 --> 00:04:04.623
linear function word problems,

00:04:04.623 --> 00:04:06.083
operations with polynomials.

00:04:06.083 --> 00:04:07.543
The system is now going to say,

00:04:07.543 --> 00:04:09.063
"Hey Sal, I'm going to start you

00:04:09.063 --> 00:04:11.143
"at a higher skill
level, at skill level 3,

00:04:11.143 --> 00:04:13.163
"which is not the most challenging,

00:04:13.163 --> 00:04:14.803
"but the second most challenging level

00:04:14.803 --> 00:04:15.963
"because you got everything,

00:04:15.963 --> 00:04:17.143
"you got these right here."

00:04:17.143 --> 00:04:18.883
And you can see that
here in this little dial

00:04:18.883 --> 00:04:20.543
right over here where
three out of the four

00:04:20.543 --> 00:04:22.963
are filled in but I got one wrong

00:04:22.963 --> 00:04:24.363
and as far as the system knows,

00:04:24.363 --> 00:04:25.728
well hey, maybe we'll start you at

00:04:25.728 --> 00:04:27.788
a slightly less challenging level for

00:04:27.788 --> 00:04:30.368
interpreting non-linear expressions

00:04:30.368 --> 00:04:31.608
because of that one there.

00:04:31.608 --> 00:04:35.628
But if I want to say hey, I
feel like I got this one right,

00:04:35.628 --> 00:04:37.168
let me see why I got it wrong,

00:04:37.168 --> 00:04:38.948
I can review my answers.

00:04:38.948 --> 00:04:40.208
So I click review answers.

00:04:40.208 --> 00:04:41.528
I got that one right.

00:04:41.528 --> 00:04:42.548
And this was the wrong,

00:04:42.548 --> 00:04:44.448
this was the one that we got wrong.

00:04:44.448 --> 00:04:47.728
So not only does it
show me what I selected

00:04:47.728 --> 00:04:50.408
but it tells me why it is wrong.

00:04:50.408 --> 00:04:52.908
We would use vertex form to
reveal the maximum/minimum.

00:04:52.908 --> 00:04:54.508
This model has a minimum.

00:04:54.508 --> 00:04:56.628
And it tells us what the answer is.

00:04:56.628 --> 00:04:59.488
The right answer was this
right over here, was C.

00:05:00.548 --> 00:05:02.288
And we could review the
rest of our questions

00:05:02.288 --> 00:05:04.908
or we could just exit the diagnostic.

00:05:05.908 --> 00:05:07.888
And now once we exit the diagnostic,

00:05:07.888 --> 00:05:10.128
we can take more of the quizzes.

00:05:10.128 --> 00:05:12.728
Once again, I encourage
you to take the time out

00:05:12.728 --> 00:05:14.608
to properly do these quizzes.

00:05:14.608 --> 00:05:16.248
Have some scratch paper in hand

00:05:16.248 --> 00:05:17.948
so you can give your best shot at 'em,

00:05:17.948 --> 00:05:19.988
so you can give the best
information to the system

00:05:19.988 --> 00:05:22.568
so it can give you the best
recommendations afterwards.

00:05:22.568 --> 00:05:24.748
After you've finished these four quizzes,

00:05:24.748 --> 00:05:29.028
then the system is ready to
start recommending things to you

00:05:29.028 --> 00:05:30.148
and so this is what it will look like

00:05:30.148 --> 00:05:31.888
after you've finished your four quizzes.

00:05:31.888 --> 00:05:34.508
And you see these four,

00:05:34.508 --> 00:05:36.288
I guess you could call them activities

00:05:36.288 --> 00:05:37.608
are things that the system thinks

00:05:37.608 --> 00:05:38.788
that you can work on.

00:05:38.788 --> 00:05:40.848
So data collection and conclusions.

00:05:40.848 --> 00:05:42.648
And notice right here, it has,

00:05:42.648 --> 00:05:44.408
this is just this one bolded up.

00:05:44.408 --> 00:05:45.228
If we click on this one,

00:05:45.228 --> 00:05:47.228
then that one gets bolded up on top.

00:05:47.228 --> 00:05:47.868
If we click on that one,

00:05:47.868 --> 00:05:49.288
that one gets bolded up on top.

00:05:49.288 --> 00:05:53.008
And it says this is the
system's current best guess

00:05:53.008 --> 00:05:54.848
of the skill level that I'm at,

00:05:54.848 --> 00:05:56.468
that I'm at two out of four.

00:05:56.468 --> 00:05:57.628
Now I'm going to practice.

00:05:57.628 --> 00:05:59.208
If I click on practice these skills,

00:05:59.208 --> 00:06:01.488
then I'm actually going
to get exercises in them.

00:06:01.488 --> 00:06:02.888
And if I were to get,

00:06:02.888 --> 00:06:05.168
if I were to get them right,

00:06:05.168 --> 00:06:07.568
then I'm more likely to be promoted

00:06:07.568 --> 00:06:09.528
to start working on
more challenging skills.

00:06:09.528 --> 00:06:12.288
And so the whole idea here is that

00:06:12.288 --> 00:06:15.588
I'm always able to work on the skills

00:06:15.588 --> 00:06:18.008
and the difficulty level
or the challenge level

00:06:18.008 --> 00:06:19.868
that is appropriate to keep me

00:06:19.868 --> 00:06:21.548
getting better all the time.

00:06:21.548 --> 00:06:22.848
It doesn't help you if
you're working on stuff

00:06:22.848 --> 00:06:24.368
that you already know really well

00:06:24.368 --> 00:06:25.868
and it doesn't help you
if you're working on stuff

00:06:25.868 --> 00:06:27.228
that you have a lot of trouble with.

00:06:27.228 --> 00:06:28.308
You're best working on the stuff

00:06:28.308 --> 00:06:30.108
that you have a decent chance of getting

00:06:30.108 --> 00:06:31.808
but you're still struggling
with a little bit.

00:06:31.808 --> 00:06:34.088
That's what's going to
improve you the most.

00:06:34.088 --> 00:06:38.508
Now these three are just
standard practice sections,

00:06:38.508 --> 00:06:39.488
I guess you would say,

00:06:39.488 --> 00:06:41.928
and this one over here
is a timed mini-session.

00:06:41.928 --> 00:06:43.448
It says calculators okay so you can get

00:06:43.448 --> 00:06:44.828
your calculator out for this one.

00:06:44.828 --> 00:06:46.608
And this one is to kind of give you a mini

00:06:46.608 --> 00:06:50.168
kind of a practice under a
little bit of time pressure

00:06:50.168 --> 00:06:51.808
because obviously when
you take the standard,

00:06:51.808 --> 00:06:54.568
the SAT or really any standardized test,

00:06:54.568 --> 00:06:56.268
you're going to be under time pressure

00:06:56.268 --> 00:06:58.468
and so this will let you practice under,

00:06:58.468 --> 00:07:00.308
under those conditions.

00:07:00.308 --> 00:07:03.028
Now, if you scroll down,
if you scroll down,

00:07:03.028 --> 00:07:05.148
you can see that there's
all this stuff down here.

00:07:05.148 --> 00:07:06.228
What is this?

00:07:06.228 --> 00:07:08.808
Well up here, this is
what the system thinks

00:07:08.808 --> 00:07:11.028
that you're best off working on

00:07:11.028 --> 00:07:12.568
but it also recognizes hey,

00:07:12.568 --> 00:07:14.208
you might have in your own mind the things

00:07:14.208 --> 00:07:15.528
that you want to work on most.

00:07:15.528 --> 00:07:17.328
and so that's what you can pick over here,

00:07:17.328 --> 00:07:20.788
heart of algebra, and it
gives all the subtopics there,

00:07:20.788 --> 00:07:23.548
passport to advanced mathematics.

00:07:23.548 --> 00:07:25.748
It gives all the subjects there.

00:07:25.748 --> 00:07:28.128
It gives the best read
on how much you have,

00:07:28.128 --> 00:07:30.048
what level you are at each of these.

00:07:30.048 --> 00:07:31.688
And you can either click right over here

00:07:31.688 --> 00:07:34.908
and get practice problems
in that exact section

00:07:34.908 --> 00:07:38.088
or you could click on the videos

00:07:38.088 --> 00:07:40.688
to see example videos in that,

00:07:40.688 --> 00:07:43.068
in that, in that topic.

00:07:43.068 --> 00:07:44.208
And if you click on easier,

00:07:44.208 --> 00:07:45.468
it's going to give you an easier example.

00:07:45.468 --> 00:07:46.488
If you click on harder,
it's going to give you

00:07:46.488 --> 00:07:49.168
a video of a harder example.

00:07:49.168 --> 00:07:51.208
So that's what's, and you just,

00:07:51.208 --> 00:07:53.648
I'm going to ideally
just keep working on that

00:07:53.648 --> 00:07:55.408
a little bit every day so you keep

00:07:55.408 --> 00:07:56.528
getting better and better,

00:07:56.528 --> 00:07:57.808
do a lot of deliberate practice

00:07:57.808 --> 00:07:59.268
and really kind of build your muscles

00:07:59.268 --> 00:08:02.688
in the areas where you
might be less familiar.

00:08:02.688 --> 00:08:04.008
And once again, all of this is stuff

00:08:04.008 --> 00:08:05.808
that you will have seen in school

00:08:05.808 --> 00:08:07.888
and so a lot of this
might be review for you

00:08:07.888 --> 00:08:09.708
or filling in gaps that you might have

00:08:09.708 --> 00:08:12.448
not filled in the first time
that you saw it in school.

00:08:12.448 --> 00:08:13.848
Now that's on the math.

00:08:13.848 --> 00:08:15.948
That's only part of the SAT.

00:08:15.948 --> 00:08:17.408
We also have a very similar thing

00:08:17.408 --> 00:08:18.768
for the reading and writing.

00:08:18.768 --> 00:08:21.328
So once again, you have
your diagnostic quizzes

00:08:21.328 --> 00:08:22.268
like we mentioned

00:08:22.268 --> 00:08:24.908
and after that, it'll give
you suggested practice.

00:08:24.908 --> 00:08:26.948
And just to see what it looks like,

00:08:26.948 --> 00:08:28.868
we can check and go down to see

00:08:28.868 --> 00:08:30.468
what these things look like,

00:08:30.468 --> 00:08:33.628
say on writing argument.

00:08:33.628 --> 00:08:36.788
You can see that it actually
matches very similar

00:08:36.788 --> 00:08:40.908
to the form factor that you
would actually see on the SAT

00:08:40.908 --> 00:08:43.588
so that when you actually
take it in real life,

00:08:43.588 --> 00:08:45.468
you are familiar with kind of what,

00:08:45.468 --> 00:08:47.808
hey, what does this one
with a dark box on it mean?

00:08:47.808 --> 00:08:49.148
Well, you'd be familiar with it

00:08:49.148 --> 00:08:50.448
when you take the actual SAT

00:08:50.448 --> 00:08:52.308
but you have your, you have your passages

00:08:52.308 --> 00:08:55.828
or your sentence correction
right over there.

00:08:56.848 --> 00:08:59.008
And so that's math, that's
reading and writing.

00:08:59.008 --> 00:09:01.468
Those are kind of your two main dashboards

00:09:01.468 --> 00:09:03.888
for practicing and doing
deliberate practice.

00:09:04.958 --> 00:09:06.888
If you want some kind of high
level things about the SAT,

00:09:06.888 --> 00:09:08.508
you can go to tips and planning

00:09:08.508 --> 00:09:11.168
and then you can click
on any of these videos

00:09:11.168 --> 00:09:12.988
or read some of these articles.

00:09:12.988 --> 00:09:16.428
And then if you want real
full-length practice exams,

00:09:16.428 --> 00:09:17.848
you click up over here.

00:09:17.848 --> 00:09:20.508
And you see these complete practice exams

00:09:20.508 --> 00:09:22.848
and these, I encourage you to really take

00:09:22.848 --> 00:09:24.588
as much time out as necessary

00:09:24.588 --> 00:09:27.548
to simulate real test-taking conditions

00:09:27.548 --> 00:09:29.828
because this is where you're going to,

00:09:29.828 --> 00:09:31.708
well you'll take these, simulate the test,

00:09:31.708 --> 00:09:33.008
get practice in that,

00:09:33.008 --> 00:09:34.768
and then that's also
going to give information

00:09:34.768 --> 00:09:37.348
to the system on what
you need to work on more

00:09:37.348 --> 00:09:38.828
so you could take these practice exams

00:09:38.828 --> 00:09:41.708
just kind of with a
standard paper and pencil

00:09:41.708 --> 00:09:43.648
but the value of taking it on this system

00:09:43.648 --> 00:09:44.908
is after you take it,

00:09:44.908 --> 00:09:47.208
one, it will be auto-graded
but on top of that,

00:09:47.208 --> 00:09:49.248
that information of what you got wrong

00:09:49.248 --> 00:09:51.128
and what you got right will be used

00:09:51.128 --> 00:09:54.568
to give you better guidance
and give you better practice.

00:09:54.568 --> 00:09:57.228
So anyway, there's a lot
to think about just now

00:09:57.228 --> 00:09:59.588
but hopefully you find this as valuable

00:09:59.588 --> 00:10:03.068
or as fun as some of us do

00:10:03.068 --> 00:10:04.878
and good luck with everything.


Intro to comparing fractions with different denominators

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.218 --> 00:00:01.720
- [Voiceover] What I
want to do in this video

00:00:01.720 --> 00:00:04.150
is get some practice comparing fractions

00:00:04.150 --> 00:00:06.200
with different denominators.

00:00:06.200 --> 00:00:11.190
So, let's say I wanted to
compare two over four, or 2/4,

00:00:11.190 --> 00:00:16.170
and I want to compare that
to five over 12, or 5/12.

00:00:16.170 --> 00:00:18.190
And I encourage you to
pause the video if you

00:00:18.190 --> 00:00:21.011
could figure out which one
is greater, 2/4 or 5/12,

00:00:21.011 --> 00:00:23.896
or maybe they are equal.

00:00:23.896 --> 00:00:25.650
So, let's think about this a little bit.

00:00:25.650 --> 00:00:29.010
When I just look at it, it's
not obvious which one is larger

00:00:29.010 --> 00:00:32.206
and there's several ways
that we can look at this.

00:00:32.206 --> 00:00:35.320
One way is we can try to
have the same denominator.

00:00:35.320 --> 00:00:37.010
We can rewrite these so that we

00:00:37.010 --> 00:00:38.545
can have the same denominator.

00:00:38.545 --> 00:00:39.950
So one way to think about it, can I write

00:00:39.950 --> 00:00:43.428
two over four as something over 12?

00:00:48.809 --> 00:00:50.495
Well, let's think about it.

00:00:50.495 --> 00:00:52.670
If instead of having fourths,
if you have twelfths,

00:00:52.670 --> 00:00:56.286
you now have three times as many sections

00:00:56.286 --> 00:00:58.135
that you've divided something into.

00:00:58.135 --> 00:00:59.943
So, two pieces would then turn

00:00:59.943 --> 00:01:02.308
into three times as many pieces.

00:01:02.308 --> 00:01:04.420
So, you multiply the
numerator by three, as well.

00:01:04.420 --> 00:01:06.290
If you multiply the denominator by three,

00:01:06.290 --> 00:01:08.869
you multiply the numerator
by three, as well.

00:01:08.869 --> 00:01:12.424
So, 2/4 is the same thing as 6/12.

00:01:12.424 --> 00:01:14.110
Another way to think about it is

00:01:14.110 --> 00:01:17.750
two is half of four, six is half of 12.

00:01:20.720 --> 00:01:24.987
Now, can we compare 6/12 to 5/12?

00:01:24.987 --> 00:01:28.541
Well, I have more twelfths here.

00:01:28.541 --> 00:01:31.399
I have six of them versus 5/12.

00:01:31.399 --> 00:01:33.288
Now, I can make the comparison.

00:01:33.288 --> 00:01:34.893
And I can say, look if
I have six of something,

00:01:34.893 --> 00:01:37.839
in this case, this thing
I have six of is twelfths,

00:01:37.839 --> 00:01:40.622
that's going to be more than
having five of the twelfths.

00:01:40.622 --> 00:01:43.650
So, 6/12 is greater than 5/12,

00:01:43.650 --> 00:01:46.087
and I always think of
the greater than sign,

00:01:46.087 --> 00:01:48.180
you're always going to be opening

00:01:48.180 --> 00:01:49.684
to whichever one is larger.

00:01:49.684 --> 00:01:51.105
So, this is the greater than sign.

00:01:51.105 --> 00:01:53.381
So if 6/12 is greater than 5/12,

00:01:53.381 --> 00:01:55.779
then 2/4 is greater than 5/12,

00:01:55.779 --> 00:01:59.375
because 2/4 and 6/12 are
the exact same thing.

00:01:59.375 --> 00:02:01.793
Now, let's tackle another one.

00:02:01.793 --> 00:02:04.475
This one might be a little
bit more interesting.

00:02:04.475 --> 00:02:07.350
Let's say we want to compare

00:02:07.350 --> 00:02:11.650
three over five and we want to compare

00:02:11.650 --> 00:02:15.490
that to 2/3, two over three.

00:02:15.490 --> 00:02:16.790
And like always, pause the video

00:02:16.790 --> 00:02:17.985
and see if you can figure this out.

00:02:17.985 --> 00:02:21.013
And I'll give you a
hint, try to rewrite both

00:02:21.013 --> 00:02:24.121
of these so that they
have the same denominator.

00:02:24.121 --> 00:02:25.847
So, let's try to do that.

00:02:25.847 --> 00:02:29.282
So, five isn't a multiple of three,

00:02:29.282 --> 00:02:30.582
three isn't a multiple of five,

00:02:30.582 --> 00:02:33.203
so we need to find a common denominator.

00:02:33.203 --> 00:02:35.028
Well, a common denominator
would be something

00:02:35.028 --> 00:02:38.424
that is divisible by both five and three.

00:02:38.424 --> 00:02:40.815
So the easiest thing I can think of is 15,

00:02:40.815 --> 00:02:42.110
which is five times three.

00:02:42.110 --> 00:02:45.839
So, let's write 3/5 as something over 15,

00:02:45.839 --> 00:02:50.768
and let's write 2/3 as something over 15.

00:02:51.520 --> 00:02:55.135
So, 2/3 I'm going to write
as something over 15.

00:02:55.135 --> 00:02:59.581
Well, to go from five to
15, I multiply it by three.

00:02:59.581 --> 00:03:01.938
So, I multiplied by three.

00:03:01.938 --> 00:03:03.655
So, if I multiply the
denominator by three,

00:03:03.655 --> 00:03:06.378
I need to multiply the numerator by three.

00:03:06.378 --> 00:03:07.372
So, multiply by three.

00:03:07.372 --> 00:03:11.640
So, 3/5 is going to be
the same thing as 9/15.

00:03:11.640 --> 00:03:13.286
I multiplied the numerator
and the denominator

00:03:13.286 --> 00:03:16.250
both by the same number, which
doesn't change its value.

00:03:16.250 --> 00:03:19.950
I'm just rewriting it, so 3/5
is the same thing as 9/15.

00:03:19.950 --> 00:03:21.644
And now, let's look at 2/3.

00:03:21.644 --> 00:03:25.943
To go from three to 15,
you multiply by five.

00:03:25.943 --> 00:03:27.893
So, you do the same
thing with the numerator.

00:03:27.893 --> 00:03:30.820
We need to multiply the numerator by five.

00:03:30.820 --> 00:03:35.820
Two times five is 10, so 2/3
is the same thing as 10/15.

00:03:36.250 --> 00:03:38.168
And now, we can make a comparsion

00:03:38.168 --> 00:03:39.853
because we have a certain
number of fifteenths

00:03:39.853 --> 00:03:42.183
compared to another number of fifteenths.

00:03:42.183 --> 00:03:46.409
So what's larger, 9/15 or 10/15?

00:03:46.409 --> 00:03:49.320
Well 10, if you have 10 of
something, it's going to be more.

00:03:49.320 --> 00:03:52.490
So, 10/15 is larger than 9/15.

00:03:52.490 --> 00:03:55.551
So, I've put the symbol that
opens to the larger one.

00:03:55.551 --> 00:03:57.509
And so this one is the less than symbol.

00:03:57.509 --> 00:04:00.285
9/15 is less than 10/15,

00:04:00.285 --> 00:04:03.088
but since 9/15 is the same thing as 3/5

00:04:03.088 --> 00:04:06.318
and 10/15 is just another
way of rewriting 2/3,

00:04:06.318 --> 00:04:08.655
we can also put the
less than symbol there.

00:04:08.655 --> 00:04:13.655
3/5 is less than 2/3.


1945 - End of World War II

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.476 --> 00:00:03.171
- [Voiceover] 1945 really
represents the final

00:00:03.171 --> 00:00:05.553
throes of World War II.

00:00:05.553 --> 00:00:09.528
In Europe, you might
remember, at the end of 1944,

00:00:09.528 --> 00:00:11.982
we have the Battle of the Bulge starting,

00:00:11.982 --> 00:00:14.429
which is an incredibly bloody battle.

00:00:14.429 --> 00:00:16.813
The U.S. forces, which
kind of take the brunt

00:00:16.813 --> 00:00:20.903
on the Allied side, lose
roughly 20,000 troops,

00:00:20.903 --> 00:00:23.479
but by January, they're
able to break through

00:00:23.479 --> 00:00:25.165
and invade Germany.

00:00:25.165 --> 00:00:28.285
So as you go into early 1945, the Allies

00:00:28.285 --> 00:00:30.796
are on their march
through Western Germany.

00:00:30.796 --> 00:00:33.184
Now if you go on the east, the Russians

00:00:33.184 --> 00:00:36.684
or the Soviets are also marching westward.

00:00:38.694 --> 00:00:42.644
By January of 1945, they're
able to take Warsaw,

00:00:42.644 --> 00:00:45.347
and from there, they continue to march

00:00:45.347 --> 00:00:47.347
westward towards Berlin.

00:00:48.311 --> 00:00:50.545
Now the writing is on
the wall at this point.

00:00:50.545 --> 00:00:53.576
The Allies look like
they are going to win,

00:00:53.576 --> 00:00:56.415
and so they meet at
Yalta, the major powers,

00:00:56.415 --> 00:00:58.766
to discuss what happens to Europe

00:00:58.766 --> 00:01:00.426
after World War II.

00:01:00.426 --> 00:01:01.969
What happens to Germany?

00:01:01.969 --> 00:01:03.014
Is it split up?

00:01:03.014 --> 00:01:04.527
What influence will the different

00:01:04.527 --> 00:01:08.278
Allied victors have in
the different countries

00:01:08.278 --> 00:01:09.578
of World War II?

00:01:09.578 --> 00:01:13.817
So this is happening in
Yalta in February of 1945.

00:01:13.817 --> 00:01:15.100
Let me write that down.

00:01:15.100 --> 00:01:15.954
That's in February.

00:01:15.954 --> 00:01:17.238
All the while this is happening,

00:01:17.238 --> 00:01:18.713
even though the writing is on the wall

00:01:18.713 --> 00:01:20.265
that the Allies are going to win the war,

00:01:20.265 --> 00:01:21.854
they weren't taking anything for granted.

00:01:21.854 --> 00:01:24.761
They wanted to absolutely
force a surrender

00:01:24.761 --> 00:01:27.253
by the Axis powers in
Germany in particular.

00:01:27.253 --> 00:01:29.559
So they continue to firebomb major cities

00:01:29.559 --> 00:01:31.960
of Germany, and firebombing
is an incredibly

00:01:31.960 --> 00:01:33.809
devastating form of bombing, where you're

00:01:33.809 --> 00:01:35.321
literally trying to destroy the city,

00:01:35.321 --> 00:01:36.770
set the city on fire.

00:01:36.770 --> 00:01:39.487
The most notable of these cities that

00:01:39.487 --> 00:01:42.021
were firebombed were Hamburg and Dresden.

00:01:42.021 --> 00:01:44.267
The firebombing of
Dresden, movies and books

00:01:44.267 --> 00:01:45.483
are written about it.

00:01:45.483 --> 00:01:48.236
The Nazis did also firebomb London,

00:01:48.236 --> 00:01:50.399
but that didn't have quite the same

00:01:50.399 --> 00:01:53.081
devastating effect as
the Allied firebombing

00:01:53.081 --> 00:01:55.971
of Hamburg and Dresden, and actually

00:01:55.971 --> 00:01:58.233
of Tokyo and other Japanese cities,

00:01:58.233 --> 00:02:00.985
as we will see in a few minutes.

00:02:00.985 --> 00:02:02.918
But then everything really comes to a head

00:02:02.918 --> 00:02:04.335
in April of 1945.

00:02:07.139 --> 00:02:09.761
It's in April that as you can see,

00:02:09.761 --> 00:02:11.160
as you get into April and May,

00:02:11.160 --> 00:02:13.723
the Allies are able to essentially

00:02:13.723 --> 00:02:16.490
occupy major chunks of Germany.

00:02:16.490 --> 00:02:18.823
They're able to push Axis forces

00:02:18.823 --> 00:02:20.176
outside of Italy.

00:02:20.176 --> 00:02:21.791
They have effectively won.

00:02:21.791 --> 00:02:24.522
Mussolini gets captured
and then gets executed.

00:02:24.522 --> 00:02:27.024
Soviets are able to take Berlin,

00:02:27.024 --> 00:02:30.143
and maybe most importantly, April 30th,

00:02:30.143 --> 00:02:32.291
Hitler commits suicide.

00:02:32.291 --> 00:02:34.807
So, Hitler commits suicide,

00:02:34.807 --> 00:02:36.441
and he's not the only one.

00:02:36.441 --> 00:02:38.444
Several other major leaders,

00:02:38.444 --> 00:02:40.800
Nazi leaders, commit suicide as we

00:02:40.800 --> 00:02:42.508
go into this period right over here.

00:02:42.508 --> 00:02:44.384
Essentially the war is won in Europe

00:02:44.384 --> 00:02:46.476
at this point, and that's made official

00:02:46.476 --> 00:02:48.924
on May 8th, May 8th, which is a good

00:02:48.924 --> 00:02:51.440
day to remember, known as VE Day,

00:02:51.440 --> 00:02:54.964
Victory in Europe, Victory in Europe Day.

00:02:54.964 --> 00:02:57.737
So the Allies have won in Europe,

00:02:57.737 --> 00:03:00.122
but everything is not over yet.

00:03:00.122 --> 00:03:03.925
World War II is still
going on in the Pacific.

00:03:03.925 --> 00:03:07.888
So let's go down to the Pacific Theater.

00:03:07.888 --> 00:03:10.305
Starting the year in January,

00:03:12.126 --> 00:03:15.071
the Allies are able to
take the Island of Luzon.

00:03:15.071 --> 00:03:18.478
In particular, they're
able to take Manila.

00:03:18.478 --> 00:03:21.811
Then, as we go into February, they began

00:03:22.892 --> 00:03:25.447
the invasion of Iwo Jima, which is

00:03:25.447 --> 00:03:28.612
an incredibly bloody campaign.

00:03:28.612 --> 00:03:31.744
You have 70,000 marines invade the island

00:03:31.744 --> 00:03:33.859
verus 22,000 Japanese troops.

00:03:33.859 --> 00:03:36.558
On top of that you obviously have air,

00:03:36.558 --> 00:03:38.559
you have the Air Force involved,

00:03:38.559 --> 00:03:41.809
you have the Navy involved, but I guess

00:03:43.242 --> 00:03:44.644
what's even more mind-boggling, you have

00:03:44.644 --> 00:03:46.881
significant Allied deaths.

00:03:46.881 --> 00:03:49.431
You have 7,000 deaths on the Allied side,

00:03:49.431 --> 00:03:51.877
but even more amazing, out of the 22,000

00:03:51.877 --> 00:03:54.050
Japanese soldiers that were defending

00:03:54.050 --> 00:03:56.700
Iwo Jima, 19,000 get killed.

00:03:56.700 --> 00:04:00.783
So 19,000 of 22,000 Japanese
soldiers get killed.

00:04:03.185 --> 00:04:05.451
So you can imagine how bloody this is.

00:04:05.451 --> 00:04:06.760
And this picture, which is probably

00:04:06.760 --> 00:04:08.330
one of the most famous military photos

00:04:08.330 --> 00:04:10.190
ever taken, especially
in the United States,

00:04:10.190 --> 00:04:13.924
this was taken of Marines storming a hill,

00:04:13.924 --> 00:04:16.616
storming a mountain in Iwo Jima.

00:04:16.616 --> 00:04:18.680
And just to imagine how
bloody these things are.

00:04:18.680 --> 00:04:20.461
I just gave you some of the numbers.

00:04:20.461 --> 00:04:22.608
Even this photo, which
is a real photograph,

00:04:22.608 --> 00:04:24.222
even this photo, where it looks like

00:04:24.222 --> 00:04:26.121
hey look, the Americans
have at least taken

00:04:26.121 --> 00:04:29.478
this mountain or this
hill right over here,

00:04:29.478 --> 00:04:31.912
even out of this photo,
three of these Marines

00:04:31.912 --> 00:04:34.080
die in the next few days as they continue

00:04:34.080 --> 00:04:37.235
to try to take Iwo Jima
or take the entire island.

00:04:37.235 --> 00:04:39.633
So you can imagine the Japanese

00:04:39.633 --> 00:04:43.542
were able to mount a ferocious
defense of the island.

00:04:43.542 --> 00:04:46.743
They aren't able to fully take the island

00:04:46.743 --> 00:04:48.600
until we get into March.

00:04:48.600 --> 00:04:53.378
So by March, so maybe
I'll say February to March

00:04:53.378 --> 00:04:56.211
you have the invasion of Iwo Jima.

00:04:57.421 --> 00:04:59.237
Now the whole time that this is happening,

00:04:59.237 --> 00:05:02.080
you have B-29s firebombing major cities

00:05:02.080 --> 00:05:04.215
in Japan, and especially Tokyo.

00:05:04.215 --> 00:05:07.167
So once again, these cities
are really being destroyed.

00:05:07.167 --> 00:05:09.140
This is all-out war.

00:05:09.140 --> 00:05:11.416
But still the Japanese
have not surrendered.

00:05:11.416 --> 00:05:15.905
So in April, actually
April going into June,

00:05:15.905 --> 00:05:18.518
you have to remember April in Europe,

00:05:18.518 --> 00:05:21.706
this is when it was pretty much done with.

00:05:21.706 --> 00:05:23.880
Hitler commits suicide in April.

00:05:23.880 --> 00:05:26.951
But in April going into June of 1945,

00:05:26.951 --> 00:05:30.340
you have the Allied invasion of Okinawa,

00:05:30.340 --> 00:05:33.173
which once again, is an incredibly

00:05:34.263 --> 00:05:35.891
bloody campaign.

00:05:35.891 --> 00:05:37.974
You have above and beyond

00:05:39.141 --> 00:05:42.532
the tens of thousands of Japanese soldiers

00:05:42.532 --> 00:05:44.982
that get killed at Okinawa,

00:05:44.982 --> 00:05:47.521
you have tens and tens of thousands

00:05:47.521 --> 00:05:49.390
of civilians who get killed

00:05:49.390 --> 00:05:51.102
or commit suicide.

00:05:51.102 --> 00:05:53.071
So once again, this is all

00:05:53.071 --> 00:05:55.738
very unpleasant and very bloody.

00:05:57.404 --> 00:06:00.754
But we continue on, and still the Japanese

00:06:00.754 --> 00:06:01.842
have not surrendered.

00:06:01.842 --> 00:06:04.457
Although even in 1944, their navy

00:06:04.457 --> 00:06:06.192
is all but destroyed,

00:06:06.192 --> 00:06:09.057
but they're mounting
this ferocious defense.

00:06:09.057 --> 00:06:12.844
In parallel to all of this, the Allies,

00:06:12.844 --> 00:06:15.772
especially the U.S., has
had the Manhattan Project

00:06:15.772 --> 00:06:19.081
to develop nuclear weapons, and they

00:06:19.081 --> 00:06:22.292
decide to use them,
Truman is now president,

00:06:22.292 --> 00:06:25.923
in order to accelerate the end of the war.

00:06:25.923 --> 00:06:28.506
And so in August 6th, they drop

00:06:30.824 --> 00:06:33.648
an atomic bomb on Hiroshima,

00:06:33.648 --> 00:06:36.437
essentially destroying that city.

00:06:36.437 --> 00:06:38.237
And it's interesting to read accounts

00:06:38.237 --> 00:06:40.502
of how the Japanese learned about it

00:06:40.502 --> 00:06:42.229
or what they didn't learn
about it, obviously.

00:06:42.229 --> 00:06:44.737
Obviously no one was expecting bombs

00:06:44.737 --> 00:06:46.544
that could just obliterate a city,

00:06:46.544 --> 00:06:48.780
literally, in seconds.

00:06:48.780 --> 00:06:52.539
Still, there wasn't a
surrender from the Japanese,

00:06:52.539 --> 00:06:53.904
and so, let me write this.

00:06:53.904 --> 00:06:57.321
This is August 6th, and so on August 9th,

00:06:58.238 --> 00:07:01.831
you have another atomic
bomb dropped on Nagasaki.

00:07:01.831 --> 00:07:03.680
At the same time that this is happening,

00:07:03.680 --> 00:07:07.430
you have the Soviet
Union invading Manchuria.

00:07:08.326 --> 00:07:11.961
You have the Soviet
Union invading Manchuria,

00:07:11.961 --> 00:07:13.183
and so enough was enough.

00:07:13.183 --> 00:07:14.656
You have the Soviets who are now getting

00:07:14.656 --> 00:07:17.215
involved in the Pacific, the Americans

00:07:17.215 --> 00:07:19.239
seem to be able to literally destroy

00:07:19.239 --> 00:07:21.806
Japanese cities at will,

00:07:21.806 --> 00:07:24.723
and so on August 14, 1945, you have

00:07:27.989 --> 00:07:29.906
the Japanese surrender.

00:07:31.540 --> 00:07:34.340
Japanese surrender, and then this does

00:07:34.340 --> 00:07:38.507
not become truly official
until September 2, 1945,

00:07:41.050 --> 00:07:45.514
which is called VJ Day,
Victory in Japan Day.

00:07:45.514 --> 00:07:49.115
That marks the real end of World War II.

00:07:49.115 --> 00:07:51.114
Obviously, World War II ended at the end

00:07:51.114 --> 00:07:54.969
of April, May, officially
early May in Europe,

00:07:54.969 --> 00:07:57.409
but now in early
September it is officially

00:07:57.409 --> 00:07:59.174
ended in the Pacific as well.

00:07:59.174 --> 00:08:01.674
And the Allies are victorious.


1944 - Allies advance further in Europe

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.465 --> 00:00:04.209
- [Voiceover] We're now
in 1944 and the things

00:00:04.209 --> 00:00:07.897
are really starting to close
in on the Axis powers now.

00:00:07.897 --> 00:00:09.435
We can start in January.

00:00:09.435 --> 00:00:11.666
You might remember, you've
had the Siege of Leningrad

00:00:11.666 --> 00:00:13.614
going on for several years now.

00:00:13.614 --> 00:00:15.054
Incredibly bloody siege,

00:00:15.054 --> 00:00:17.993
incredibly hard on the
civilians of Leningrad.

00:00:17.993 --> 00:00:20.853
But the Soviet army is
finally able to end that,

00:00:20.853 --> 00:00:23.423
and so you see from these
troop movements on this map

00:00:23.423 --> 00:00:27.013
starting in January of 1944
with the end of the siege,

00:00:27.013 --> 00:00:29.050
they are able to really take the offensive

00:00:29.050 --> 00:00:32.162
and start marching through the Baltics,

00:00:32.162 --> 00:00:33.760
through the Baltic states.

00:00:33.760 --> 00:00:37.839
At the same time, you have
the Soviet armies marching

00:00:37.839 --> 00:00:42.560
and they're able to force
the Axis to surrender

00:00:42.560 --> 00:00:43.727
in the Crimea.

00:00:44.726 --> 00:00:48.633
You fast forward further into
the year, further into 1944.

00:00:48.633 --> 00:00:51.907
You might remember in
1943, the Allies were able

00:00:51.907 --> 00:00:56.563
to land on Italy and force
the surrender of Italy

00:00:56.563 --> 00:00:58.017
to the Allied powers.

00:00:58.017 --> 00:01:00.518
But that doesn't mean that
Italy, as we know it today,

00:01:00.518 --> 00:01:04.363
or even as we knew it then,
was free of the German troops,

00:01:04.363 --> 00:01:06.273
or from the Axis troops.

00:01:06.273 --> 00:01:09.890
And so, the Allies were
continuing to slog through,

00:01:09.890 --> 00:01:13.508
slog through Italy,
and in particular Rome.

00:01:13.508 --> 00:01:16.483
Rome did not get liberated in 1943.

00:01:16.483 --> 00:01:18.621
The Allies had to continue bombing Rome.

00:01:18.621 --> 00:01:23.313
And it doesn't get liberated
until June of 1944.

00:01:23.313 --> 00:01:25.790
So Rome is liberated.

00:01:25.790 --> 00:01:28.707
So liberated in the summer of 1944.

00:01:30.761 --> 00:01:32.448
That happens June, 5th.

00:01:32.448 --> 00:01:34.802
The next day, and this is
probably one of the most

00:01:34.802 --> 00:01:36.747
famous events in World War II,

00:01:36.747 --> 00:01:38.197
especially from an American point of view,

00:01:38.197 --> 00:01:40.374
something that's documented in many films,

00:01:40.374 --> 00:01:42.541
is June, 6th, D-Day, 1944.

00:01:44.025 --> 00:01:45.872
You have the invasion of Normandy,

00:01:45.872 --> 00:01:47.749
the amphibious invasion of Normandy,

00:01:47.749 --> 00:01:50.391
probably most famously
depicted in the opening scenes

00:01:50.391 --> 00:01:52.191
of Saving Private Ryan.

00:01:52.191 --> 00:01:54.778
We have British, primarily
British and American troops.

00:01:54.778 --> 00:01:57.883
They are able to storm the
beaches of Normandy successfully

00:01:57.883 --> 00:02:01.870
which allows them to start making progress

00:02:01.870 --> 00:02:05.349
in northern France towards Germany.

00:02:05.349 --> 00:02:08.190
Now, also in the summer of 1944,

00:02:08.190 --> 00:02:11.052
rockets start to get
involved in a serious way

00:02:11.052 --> 00:02:12.249
in World War II.

00:02:12.249 --> 00:02:15.459
The Germans are starting
to send their V1 rockets

00:02:15.459 --> 00:02:17.292
over to Great Britain.

00:02:18.232 --> 00:02:20.274
And the V1 rockets,
this is just significant

00:02:20.274 --> 00:02:21.314
from the history of technology.

00:02:21.314 --> 00:02:24.756
Obviously today rockets play a big deal

00:02:24.756 --> 00:02:26.668
in a whole bunch of context,

00:02:26.668 --> 00:02:28.286
and this was the first time
that they were deployed

00:02:28.286 --> 00:02:30.409
in a major way during a war.

00:02:30.409 --> 00:02:32.951
The first V1 rockets, they
weren't all that impressive,

00:02:32.951 --> 00:02:35.627
they traveled three or four
hundred miles per hour,

00:02:35.627 --> 00:02:37.664
slower than modern jet-liners.

00:02:37.664 --> 00:02:39.700
They didn't travel at
that high of an altitude.

00:02:39.700 --> 00:02:42.266
But as we'll see, or as
we'll see even in this video,

00:02:42.266 --> 00:02:45.562
within a few months, by September,

00:02:45.562 --> 00:02:47.277
they were sending in V2 rockets,

00:02:47.277 --> 00:02:49.069
which were far more advanced,

00:02:49.069 --> 00:02:50.725
going several thousand miles per hour,

00:02:50.725 --> 00:02:53.926
getting to altitudes
of tens of miles high,

00:02:53.926 --> 00:02:55.788
and carrying even larger payloads.

00:02:55.788 --> 00:02:57.839
So the Germans were really
starting to push the envelope

00:02:57.839 --> 00:03:00.105
in terms of rocket science.

00:03:00.105 --> 00:03:02.374
What's good about the Allie
is, is that the Germans

00:03:02.374 --> 00:03:05.172
were kind, they developed this
technology a little bit late.

00:03:05.172 --> 00:03:07.492
They are starting to be
on the heels, obviously,

00:03:07.492 --> 00:03:10.791
on both the Western front
and the Eastern front,

00:03:10.791 --> 00:03:12.506
and even in the South the Allies

00:03:12.506 --> 00:03:14.042
were really on the offensive now,

00:03:14.042 --> 00:03:15.786
but rockets are starting to get involved.

00:03:15.786 --> 00:03:19.953
V1's in the summer, and
then the V2's in the fall.

00:03:22.113 --> 00:03:25.211
Now, also as we go into
the late summer and fall,

00:03:25.211 --> 00:03:28.631
you see that Russians, after
defeating the Germans at Kursk,

00:03:28.631 --> 00:03:30.381
are marching towards,

00:03:32.899 --> 00:03:35.232
are marching towards Poland,

00:03:36.389 --> 00:03:38.886
and marching in particular towards Warsaw,

00:03:38.886 --> 00:03:40.719
as we go through 1944.

00:03:43.079 --> 00:03:45.222
And at the end of 1944,
not the end really,

00:03:45.222 --> 00:03:48.747
at the end of the summer of 1944,

00:03:48.747 --> 00:03:50.391
in August of 1944,

00:03:50.391 --> 00:03:55.320
you have the Polish uprising,
you have kind of the rebels.

00:03:55.320 --> 00:03:59.170
The underground is taking
on the German occupiers.

00:03:59.170 --> 00:04:01.170
So this is August, 1944.

00:04:02.839 --> 00:04:04.518
August, 1944.

00:04:04.518 --> 00:04:07.201
With the Russian troops,
or the Soviet troops

00:04:07.201 --> 00:04:09.560
not that far away, they're
getting closer and closer

00:04:09.560 --> 00:04:11.901
and closer to Warsaw.

00:04:11.901 --> 00:04:16.068
Now, also in August of 1944,
you have Paris, is liberated.

00:04:17.523 --> 00:04:20.023
So this is August, 25th, 1944.

00:04:22.789 --> 00:04:25.052
Paris is liberated.

00:04:25.052 --> 00:04:27.500
And then, as we go later into that year,

00:04:27.500 --> 00:04:31.083
British troops are able
to liberate Athens.

00:04:32.153 --> 00:04:35.106
So British troops are
able to liberate Athens.

00:04:35.106 --> 00:04:36.965
So Athens is liberated.

00:04:36.965 --> 00:04:38.616
And actually this, once this liberated,

00:04:38.616 --> 00:04:41.301
then you start having the
beginnings of the Civil War,

00:04:41.301 --> 00:04:43.566
of the Greek Civil War that occurs

00:04:43.566 --> 00:04:46.992
between kind of the government
troops and the Communists,

00:04:46.992 --> 00:04:49.639
or as you say the more left-leaning people

00:04:49.639 --> 00:04:53.806
who were involved in fighting
against the Axis powers.

00:04:55.264 --> 00:04:56.706
So, even though they were liberated,

00:04:56.706 --> 00:05:00.233
it's kind of the start of
another unfortunate chapter

00:05:00.233 --> 00:05:02.154
with the Greek Civil War.

00:05:02.154 --> 00:05:06.152
And then, finishing out
1944, the Axis powers,

00:05:06.152 --> 00:05:08.079
and particularly the Germans,
they weren't done yet.

00:05:08.079 --> 00:05:10.002
Even though the war is not looking good,

00:05:10.002 --> 00:05:12.755
they finally mount a,
I guess you could say

00:05:12.755 --> 00:05:14.504
one of their last counteroffensive,

00:05:14.504 --> 00:05:16.593
just not their last
major counteroffensive.

00:05:16.593 --> 00:05:20.510
And that's over here
against the Allied troops,

00:05:21.753 --> 00:05:23.317
particularly the American troops,

00:05:23.317 --> 00:05:25.511
at the Battle of the Bulge.

00:05:25.511 --> 00:05:28.511
And this starts in December of 1944.

00:05:30.006 --> 00:05:32.110
It's called the Battle of the Bulge

00:05:32.110 --> 00:05:35.061
because the shape in
which, so if the Allied,

00:05:35.061 --> 00:05:37.455
you know, the front, the
Allied front looks like that

00:05:37.455 --> 00:05:39.623
as it is advancing.

00:05:39.623 --> 00:05:41.982
The Germans mount a counteroffensive

00:05:41.982 --> 00:05:43.729
and they are able to create a,

00:05:43.729 --> 00:05:46.042
what's called in military terms a salient,

00:05:46.042 --> 00:05:48.669
where they're able to push through,

00:05:48.669 --> 00:05:50.293
where they're able to push through

00:05:50.293 --> 00:05:53.922
and kind of create, and create this bulge.

00:05:53.922 --> 00:05:56.233
This is an incredibly bloody battle,

00:05:56.233 --> 00:05:58.510
it's actually the most bloody battle

00:05:58.510 --> 00:05:59.921
faced by American troops.

00:05:59.921 --> 00:06:03.588
They lose nearly 20
thousand, not just lose,

00:06:04.464 --> 00:06:07.353
20 thousand die, American troops die

00:06:07.353 --> 00:06:09.600
just in the Battle of the Bulge

00:06:09.600 --> 00:06:12.534
that starts in December of 1944.

00:06:12.534 --> 00:06:16.321
But this really is the
Germans last hurrah.

00:06:16.321 --> 00:06:17.962
You can see they're riding on the wall,

00:06:17.962 --> 00:06:19.498
troops approaching from the West,

00:06:19.498 --> 00:06:21.343
troops approaching from the East,

00:06:21.343 --> 00:06:24.176
troops approaching from the South.


1943 Axis losing in Europe

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:01.000 --> 00:00:06.140
In 1943 we see the tide really turns in favor of the allies

00:00:06.140 --> 00:00:09.700
especially in Europe but it's actually happening in the Pacific as well

00:00:09.700 --> 00:00:14.240
to begin with in 1943 the siege of Stalingrad

00:00:14.240 --> 00:00:16.500
which doesn't quite exactly fit on this map

00:00:16.500 --> 00:00:19.420
but would be right over here

00:00:19.420 --> 00:00:22.600
it ends with the soviets being notorious

00:00:22.600 --> 00:00:24.760
and this is actually an incredible story

00:00:24.760 --> 00:00:28.840
there's many movies about the siege of Stalingrad for a reason

00:00:28.840 --> 00:00:34.080
the soviets are able to mount a pretty epic counterattack

00:00:34.080 --> 00:00:36.960
by attacking the flanks of the axis army

00:00:36.960 --> 00:00:39.920
and their able to push the back and defeat the axis army

00:00:39.920 --> 00:00:41.840
Stalingrad itself gets reduced to rubble

00:00:41.840 --> 00:00:43.840
and you know if you actually look up pictures of it

00:00:43.840 --> 00:00:48.080
its kind of mind blowing to just even imagine what went on there

00:00:48.080 --> 00:00:50.080
and Stalingrad right over here

00:00:50.080 --> 00:00:53.640
although right now Leningrad in 1943 still under siege

00:00:53.640 --> 00:00:55.640
and if you want your stomach to really be sick

00:00:55.640 --> 00:00:59.000
look up images of things that happened over there

00:00:59.000 --> 00:01:02.040
but needless to say 1943 its a turning...

00:01:02.040 --> 00:01:04.360
or its not the turning point '42 really is the turning point

00:01:04.360 --> 00:01:07.560
but in 1943, the momentum's really in the allies

00:01:07.560 --> 00:01:11.320
favor the Soviets defeat the Germans at Stalingrad

00:01:11.320 --> 00:01:15.640
they are able to push the Germans and the axis powers out of the caucases

00:01:15.640 --> 00:01:18.080
and then they'd begin to advance

00:01:18.080 --> 00:01:24.720
and then the Soviets begin to advance and retake ground from the axis powers

00:01:24.720 --> 00:01:28.000
now at the same time you might remember

00:01:28.000 --> 00:01:33.280
that at the end of 1942 in North Africa

00:01:33.280 --> 00:01:36.560
in North Africa, let me go right over here

00:01:36.560 --> 00:01:38.400
I have all these maps layered over here

00:01:38.400 --> 00:01:41.560
you might remember that the British were able to

00:01:41.560 --> 00:01:45.640
push back the axis army back into Lybia

00:01:45.640 --> 00:01:50.360
and then this just continues as we go into 1943

00:01:50.360 --> 00:01:57.160
and the allied armies essentially able to kick the axis army out of North Africa

00:01:57.160 --> 00:01:58.600
be victorious of North Africa

00:01:58.600 --> 00:02:01.960
you remember you have these the armies that are coming from Egypt

00:02:01.960 --> 00:02:07.560
you also had allies land in Morocco and Algeria

00:02:07.600 --> 00:02:09.560
and then they all meet up

00:02:09.560 --> 00:02:14.920
and by mid-year they're able to use their victory in North Africa

00:02:14.920 --> 00:02:18.440
as a launching point to start attacking the main land of Italy

00:02:18.440 --> 00:02:20.720
they first, they can go to Sicily

00:02:20.720 --> 00:02:25.640
or then they go to the actual main land, and there's an attack at Selerno

00:02:25.640 --> 00:02:31.360
and they start to really kind of fight their way up the Italian peninsula

00:02:31.360 --> 00:02:34.000
we're gonna do this in a blue color so you can see

00:02:34.000 --> 00:02:40.160
this is the allies, as were going to mid- and late- 1943

00:02:40.160 --> 00:02:45.520
are able to take more and more of the Italian peninula

00:02:45.520 --> 00:02:49.440
now as this happens, conditions i Italy aren't good

00:02:49.440 --> 00:02:50.800
the Italian people aren't happy

00:02:50.800 --> 00:02:54.080
and they're actually able to depose Mussolini

00:02:54.080 --> 00:02:56.080
so let me write that down

00:02:56.080 --> 00:03:06.480
so this is, In 1943 Mussolini, oh i think there's another s, Mussolini is deposed

00:03:06.480 --> 00:03:12.400
Mussolini is, Mussolini is deposed

00:03:12.400 --> 00:03:16.900
and as we get later that year, Italy formally surrenders to the allies

00:03:16.900 --> 00:03:21.280
now with that said, Italy has surrendered but the entire country of Italy

00:03:21.280 --> 00:03:23.920
the entire peninsula, there's still axis troops there

00:03:23.920 --> 00:03:28.160
so the allies have to continue  to slog through 1943 and 1944

00:03:28.160 --> 00:03:35.420
and even to 1945 to completely rid Italy of the axis powers, and especially the Germans

00:03:35.420 --> 00:03:39.420
now Rome especially is fairly hard bombing campaigns start in Rome

00:03:39.420 --> 00:03:42.140
in order to completely get the axis powers out of there

00:03:42.140 --> 00:03:47.940
and that all is completely happening in 19- this is all happening in 1943

00:03:47.960 --> 00:03:50.920
now other, other things of note

00:03:50.920 --> 00:03:52.920
and there's many things that are happening in Europe

00:03:52.920 --> 00:03:55.220
and once again these are just over view videos

00:03:55.240 --> 00:03:58.840
that are happening in 1943 is American forces

00:03:58.860 --> 00:04:05.880
early in 1943 are able to start doing bombing attacks on Germany itself

00:04:05.880 --> 00:04:10.520
and these bombing attacks only become more and more fierce as the war progresses

00:04:10.540 --> 00:04:12.520
another battle of note, In mid-1943 is the battle of kursk

00:04:12.540 --> 00:04:23.700
and this is really the last offensive that the axis powers are able to mount on the Eastern Front

00:04:23.700 --> 00:04:26.560
and they are defeated in this battle by the soviets

00:04:26.600 --> 00:04:31.740
and then once again that allows the Soviets to start going on the offensive

00:04:31.740 --> 00:04:34.360
so when you look at things from a European point of view

00:04:34.400 --> 00:04:39.240
the allies are definitely, they have the bulk over the momentum now

00:04:39.240 --> 00:04:42.900
they're now kind of putting the squeeze on the axis powers

00:04:42.900 --> 00:04:46.320
and frankly the same thing is happening in the Pacific

00:04:46.320 --> 00:04:49.320
especially the Americans, they are now on the offensive

00:04:49.320 --> 00:04:52.940
they're able to get closer and closer and closer to Japan


American progress in the Pacific in 1944

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.657 --> 00:00:03.707
- [Voiceover] We're now entering into 1944

00:00:03.707 --> 00:00:06.466
where the Americans and
the Allies are able to go

00:00:06.466 --> 00:00:10.004
even more on the offensive
versus the Japanese

00:00:10.004 --> 00:00:12.802
and get closer and closer to Japan,

00:00:12.802 --> 00:00:14.571
get in bombing range of Japan

00:00:14.571 --> 00:00:17.199
and deprive the Japanese of,

00:00:17.199 --> 00:00:19.705
I guess you could say,
their forward bases.

00:00:19.705 --> 00:00:21.866
And so right as we enter into 1944,

00:00:21.866 --> 00:00:23.019
and once again I'm giving you an overview

00:00:23.019 --> 00:00:25.559
I'm not giving every
single battle that occurs,

00:00:25.559 --> 00:00:28.967
the Unites States is
able to take Kwajalein.

00:00:28.967 --> 00:00:32.510
Which, once again, the strategic
value of a lot of these,

00:00:32.510 --> 00:00:33.750
these islands are tiny

00:00:33.750 --> 00:00:38.298
they're barely large enough
to have primitive bases

00:00:38.298 --> 00:00:39.801
plus, kind of an air field,

00:00:39.801 --> 00:00:41.882
but they're incredibly valuable because

00:00:41.882 --> 00:00:45.667
the bombers can land,
refuel, get resupplied

00:00:45.667 --> 00:00:47.046
and then take off from there

00:00:47.046 --> 00:00:51.214
and then be on the
offensive even further in.

00:00:51.214 --> 00:00:53.450
I guess you could say
in Japanese territory.

00:00:53.450 --> 00:00:54.797
And with the taking on Kwajalein,

00:00:54.797 --> 00:00:56.999
just as a bit of a reminder,

00:00:56.999 --> 00:00:58.980
the Americans, amongst other things,

00:00:58.980 --> 00:01:03.122
now had control of the Soloman Islands.

00:01:03.122 --> 00:01:06.445
They now have control of the
Marshall and Gilbert Islands.

00:01:06.445 --> 00:01:10.146
They now have control of the
Marshall and Gilbert Islands.

00:01:10.146 --> 00:01:13.315
And as we'll see, the real theme of 1944

00:01:13.315 --> 00:01:15.695
as we get into the middle
of and the end of the year

00:01:15.695 --> 00:01:19.482
is to get as close as possible
to the Japanese mainland.

00:01:19.482 --> 00:01:23.772
Because the Americans now had a B-29,

00:01:23.772 --> 00:01:28.492
or they had the B-29 bomber
that had a 1500 mile radius.

00:01:28.492 --> 00:01:32.981
1500 mile, I guess I
could say 1500 mile range.

00:01:32.981 --> 00:01:36.421
Which means if they're
able to get points of

00:01:36.421 --> 00:01:38.598
where their bombers
could land and take off,

00:01:38.598 --> 00:01:41.327
and once again these bombsers
are way too large and heavy

00:01:41.327 --> 00:01:42.536
to land on a carrier,

00:01:42.536 --> 00:01:44.698
but if they can find islands
where they can do that from

00:01:44.698 --> 00:01:47.414
within a 1500 mile range of Japan

00:01:47.414 --> 00:01:49.514
then the United States
could have bombing attacks

00:01:49.514 --> 00:01:53.868
directly on Japan and
hopefully get closer to

00:01:53.868 --> 00:01:55.581
an end to the war.

00:01:55.581 --> 00:01:56.611
So that was really the theme,

00:01:56.611 --> 00:01:58.439
get as close as possible to Japan

00:01:58.439 --> 00:02:00.067
and then there was a secondary theme

00:02:00.067 --> 00:02:01.980
of take back The Philippines.

00:02:01.980 --> 00:02:04.968
One, it was a matter of pride,
it was a former US possession

00:02:04.968 --> 00:02:08.099
ever since the Spanish-American War.

00:02:08.099 --> 00:02:09.211
But then on top of that,

00:02:09.211 --> 00:02:12.210
The Philippines are incredibly
strategic for shipping lanes

00:02:12.210 --> 00:02:14.697
from Indonesia, remember
those raw materials,

00:02:14.697 --> 00:02:17.174
those resources, that
oil that Japan wanted

00:02:17.174 --> 00:02:19.143
from Indonesia.

00:02:19.143 --> 00:02:21.764
If you control The Philippines

00:02:21.764 --> 00:02:23.444
you're gonna control the
shipping lanes between

00:02:23.444 --> 00:02:26.074
Indonesia and Japan.

00:02:26.074 --> 00:02:28.675
So you could deprive Japan
of those natural resources.

00:02:28.675 --> 00:02:30.875
So The United States' kind of

00:02:30.875 --> 00:02:33.780
main focal areas in 1944,

00:02:33.780 --> 00:02:36.888
get as close as possible to
Japan, get within bombing range,

00:02:36.888 --> 00:02:38.956
and take The Philippines.

00:02:38.956 --> 00:02:41.628
And this is exactly what they did.

00:02:41.628 --> 00:02:45.133
As we go into the summer of 1944,

00:02:45.133 --> 00:02:48.917
and one, there were some, as
early as the summer of 1944,

00:02:48.917 --> 00:02:53.643
some bombing raids that
took off in China to Japan

00:02:53.643 --> 00:02:56.495
with the new B-29s.

00:02:56.495 --> 00:02:59.518
So you do have some of these
that happened as early,

00:02:59.518 --> 00:03:02.124
some of these bombing
raids happened as early

00:03:02.124 --> 00:03:05.382
as summer of 1944.

00:03:05.382 --> 00:03:09.008
But in terms of actual
islands, or territory

00:03:09.008 --> 00:03:11.225
The United States takes or takes back

00:03:11.225 --> 00:03:14.327
in the summer, in June of 1944,

00:03:14.327 --> 00:03:17.345
you have The Battle of the Philippine Sea.

00:03:17.345 --> 00:03:21.097
So Battle of Philippine
Sea occurs right around,

00:03:21.097 --> 00:03:23.078
right around here.

00:03:23.078 --> 00:03:27.840
It's a victory for The US.
It's a victory for The US.

00:03:27.840 --> 00:03:31.998
And it ends up really, really

00:03:31.998 --> 00:03:35.106
hurting Japanese ability

00:03:35.106 --> 00:03:36.914
to field carriers,

00:03:36.914 --> 00:03:40.146
have air warfare from carriers

00:03:40.146 --> 00:03:42.287
because so much of their

00:03:42.287 --> 00:03:44.369
carrier capability

00:03:44.369 --> 00:03:47.567
was damaged in The
Battle of Philippine Sea.

00:03:47.567 --> 00:03:51.734
So, The Battle of

00:03:52.825 --> 00:03:56.992
Philippine

00:03:59.116 --> 00:04:00.491
Battle of the Philippine Sea

00:04:00.491 --> 00:04:04.008
this occurs in June

00:04:04.008 --> 00:04:05.778
1944.

00:04:05.778 --> 00:04:08.601
And along with that, in the summer,

00:04:08.601 --> 00:04:12.483
the Allies are able to
take several islands

00:04:12.483 --> 00:04:14.360
in The Mariana Islands.

00:04:14.360 --> 00:04:16.049
Once again, this is
gonna be super important

00:04:16.049 --> 00:04:18.277
because from The Marianas,
they're able to launch

00:04:18.277 --> 00:04:22.149
B-29 bombing attacks on
the mainland in Japan.

00:04:22.149 --> 00:04:24.642
And so over that summer the Allies,

00:04:24.642 --> 00:04:28.536
the Americans in particular,
are able to take Saipan,

00:04:28.536 --> 00:04:32.703
they are able to take Guam,

00:04:33.790 --> 00:04:35.322
they are able to take Tinian,

00:04:35.322 --> 00:04:37.271
which is this little
island right over here.

00:04:37.271 --> 00:04:39.147
Some of these islands
are quite hard to find.

00:04:39.147 --> 00:04:40.645
They're super small, in fact,

00:04:40.645 --> 00:04:43.016
even these little dots
exaggerate their size,

00:04:43.016 --> 00:04:45.530
if you were to actually go onto
Google Maps or Google Earth

00:04:45.530 --> 00:04:46.840
you'll see how small these are.

00:04:46.840 --> 00:04:47.699
And I encourage you to look at them

00:04:47.699 --> 00:04:49.553
it's really fascinating to see how small

00:04:49.553 --> 00:04:50.677
some of these islands are.

00:04:50.677 --> 00:04:52.339
They're really atolls, a lot of these are

00:04:52.339 --> 00:04:53.991
more atolls then islands.

00:04:53.991 --> 00:04:55.247
Not all of them are atolls.

00:04:55.247 --> 00:04:57.659
But you see, they barely have enough space

00:04:57.659 --> 00:05:01.826
for a landing strip for
planes, especially the B-29s.

00:05:02.714 --> 00:05:04.698
And then as we go further into the summer

00:05:04.698 --> 00:05:08.351
and we start entering
kind of later in the year,

00:05:08.351 --> 00:05:10.392
the Americans are able to take,

00:05:10.392 --> 00:05:14.199
at the time what was called
Peleliu, now it's Palu.

00:05:14.199 --> 00:05:18.366
So Peleliu, they're able to take Morotai,

00:05:20.209 --> 00:05:23.515
and then perhaps most importantly in 1944,

00:05:23.515 --> 00:05:27.141
this might be the biggest
deal out of all of these

00:05:27.141 --> 00:05:28.986
pacific battles that
occur and all of these

00:05:28.986 --> 00:05:30.439
naval battles that occur,

00:05:30.439 --> 00:05:34.606
is The Battle of Leyte an
The Battle of Leyte Gulf.

00:05:35.569 --> 00:05:37.994
Because The Battle of Leyte was important

00:05:37.994 --> 00:05:41.744
because in the process of taking Leyte

00:05:41.744 --> 00:05:44.640
The United States essentially
is able to knock out

00:05:44.640 --> 00:05:48.198
the Japanese's ability to further defend,

00:05:48.198 --> 00:05:49.484
I mean they will continue,

00:05:49.484 --> 00:05:52.250
but realistically defend
the rest of The Philippines.

00:05:52.250 --> 00:05:55.750
So once Leyte is taken by the Allies

00:05:57.532 --> 00:06:00.370
the odds of the Japanese
being able to hold

00:06:00.370 --> 00:06:03.237
the rest of The Philippines
becomes very low.

00:06:03.237 --> 00:06:04.867
And maybe even more important,

00:06:04.867 --> 00:06:08.802
The Battle of Leyte Gulf, which
occurs right around there,

00:06:08.802 --> 00:06:12.308
it's an incredibly decisive
battle for the American Navy.

00:06:12.308 --> 00:06:16.334
The Japanese go all in, and
that bet is not a good one.

00:06:16.334 --> 00:06:19.908
The Japanese Navy is pretty much destroyed

00:06:19.908 --> 00:06:22.959
in The Battle of Leyte Gulf.

00:06:22.959 --> 00:06:25.842
And so 1944, once again,

00:06:25.842 --> 00:06:27.414
very good year for the Allies.

00:06:27.414 --> 00:06:30.535
Very bad year for the Japanese.

00:06:30.535 --> 00:06:34.368
Now the Allies are in control of

00:06:34.368 --> 00:06:36.803
they're in control of air strips,

00:06:36.803 --> 00:06:39.284
from which they can take B-29 raids

00:06:39.284 --> 00:06:41.367
to the mainland of Japan.

00:06:42.465 --> 00:06:43.487
So air strips,

00:06:43.487 --> 00:06:45.685
they can now, they're now within range

00:06:45.685 --> 00:06:48.362
to do bombing attacks on
the mainland of Japan,

00:06:48.362 --> 00:06:53.350
and they now are very likely
to control The Philippines

00:06:53.350 --> 00:06:57.094
and control the shipping
lanes from Indonesia to Japan

00:06:57.094 --> 00:07:01.204
and they've all but
destroyed the Japanese Navy.

00:07:01.204 --> 00:07:05.538
So, once again, things are not
looking very good for Japan.

00:07:05.538 --> 00:07:09.741
And as we go into 1945,
we'll see the Allies

00:07:09.741 --> 00:07:13.160
get closer and closer and get more intense

00:07:13.160 --> 00:07:15.358
bombing raids on Japan.

00:07:15.358 --> 00:07:16.821
And every time they get closer,

00:07:16.821 --> 00:07:18.476
the battles to take these islands,

00:07:18.476 --> 00:07:20.003
Iwo Jima, Okinawa,

00:07:20.003 --> 00:07:22.975
incredibly incredibly bloody

00:07:22.975 --> 00:07:24.322
and The United States says,

00:07:24.322 --> 00:07:25.961
'Well what do we have to do to get

00:07:25.961 --> 00:07:27.641
the Japanese to surrender?'

00:07:27.641 --> 00:07:31.239
And we'll see what, at
least in the mind of Truman,

00:07:31.239 --> 00:07:32.572
needs to happen.


1942 Tide turning in World War II in Europe

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.139 --> 00:00:02.632
As we saw in the last video,
in 1942

00:00:02.632 --> 00:00:06.053
we start to see the tide turn
in the Pacific.

00:00:06.053 --> 00:00:07.182
Just as reminder -

00:00:07.182 --> 00:00:08.967
In December of 1941,

00:00:08.967 --> 00:00:10.761
you have the Japanese attack
of Pearl Harbor

00:00:10.761 --> 00:00:13.130
which brings the United States
into World War II.

00:00:13.130 --> 00:00:14.850
And as we get into 1942,

00:00:14.850 --> 00:00:17.846
you have the Doolittle Raid
on the mainland of Japan

00:00:17.846 --> 00:00:21.436
which is a psychological victory
for America and the allies.

00:00:21.597 --> 00:00:25.126
Then you have the Battle of Coral Sea
and then Midway.

00:00:25.176 --> 00:00:27.211
Midway in particular was a huge

00:00:27.211 --> 00:00:29.249
-- I shouldn´t put red there,
I should leave it blue --

00:00:29.249 --> 00:00:33.950
was a huge success
for the American Navy,

00:00:33.950 --> 00:00:36.314
followed by Guadalcanal

00:00:36.314 --> 00:00:39.834
after which the U.S.
is able to go on the offensive

00:00:39.834 --> 00:00:41.091
against the Japanese.

00:00:41.091 --> 00:00:45.287
We see a significant turning of the tide
in 1942 in the Pacific.

00:00:45.287 --> 00:00:48.684
And it also turns out
to be the case in Europe

00:00:48.684 --> 00:00:53.238
that we see a turning of the tide
in 1942.

00:00:53.238 --> 00:00:55.928
Just as Guadalcanal is occuring,

00:00:55.928 --> 00:00:57.243
you might remember

00:00:57.243 --> 00:01:04.571
that in 1941 Hitler and the Nazis decided
they want to attack the Soviet Union,

00:01:04.571 --> 00:01:08.177
probably not a good idea,
they going to stretch themselves thin,

00:01:08.177 --> 00:01:12.117
but they do so anyway.

00:01:12.117 --> 00:01:18.056
The Siege of Leningrad
starts in 1941,

00:01:18.056 --> 00:01:22.466
and then in 1942 by August,
they are able to reach Stalingrad,

00:01:22.466 --> 00:01:26.140
which is right about here.

00:01:26.140 --> 00:01:29.313
And Stalingrad,
it´s now called Volgograd,

00:01:29.313 --> 00:01:32.541
is right about there
if the map extended over there.

00:01:32.541 --> 00:01:37.729
This is a major series of battles
in World War II.

00:01:37.729 --> 00:01:42.094
Movies are made about Stalingrad,
incredibly bloody.

00:01:42.094 --> 00:01:46.726
Incredibly -- if you look at the pictures

00:01:46.726 --> 00:01:53.366
of the city of Stalingrad
after the battles there,

00:01:53.366 --> 00:01:56.203
the city is essentially in ruins.

00:01:56.203 --> 00:02:05.409
But the battles in Stalingrad
start in August of 1942

00:02:05.409 --> 00:02:09.511
and they continue for several months,
going up to February of 1943.

00:02:09.511 --> 00:02:12.092
But this marks the turning point
for Hitler.

00:02:12.092 --> 00:02:14.073
He´s getting bogged down
in Leningrad,

00:02:14.073 --> 00:02:15.910
he´s getting bogged down
in Stalingrad,

00:02:15.910 --> 00:02:19.543
eventually gets defeated in Stalingrad
in early 1943.

00:02:19.543 --> 00:02:22.758
And his armies
are really spread thin.

00:02:22.758 --> 00:02:30.196
Stalingrad is a hugely important event

00:02:30.196 --> 00:02:32.356
or series of events
in World War II.

00:02:32.356 --> 00:02:34.198
And let´s just be clear
where we are right now.

00:02:34.198 --> 00:02:40.202
Stalingrad commences in August of 1942.

00:02:40.202 --> 00:02:42.003
And just to frame it in your mind -

00:02:42.003 --> 00:02:44.342
relativ to the Pacific Theater,

00:02:44.342 --> 00:02:46.923
this is right around
- plus or minus a few weeks -

00:02:46.923 --> 00:02:49.245
of when Guadalcanal was going on,

00:02:49.245 --> 00:02:53.385
conflict between the Japanese
and the American navies.

00:02:53.385 --> 00:03:00.326
You have these incredibly
bloody series of battles at Stalingrad.

00:03:00.326 --> 00:03:02.343
Then in October,

00:03:02.343 --> 00:03:04.458
we´ve been talking about this
back and forth,

00:03:04.458 --> 00:03:05.398
in North Africa

00:03:05.398 --> 00:03:06.006
and some people are:

00:03:06.006 --> 00:03:08.890
"Why are they even
worried about North Africa?"

00:03:08.890 --> 00:03:10.599
And I should have mentioned
this earlier,

00:03:10.599 --> 00:03:13.619
but we have to remember
that there is somewhat strategic here

00:03:13.619 --> 00:03:15.189
called the Suez Canal.

00:03:15.189 --> 00:03:17.410
Why is the Suez Canal strategic?

00:03:17.430 --> 00:03:21.305
It connects the Mediterranean
with the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean.

00:03:21.305 --> 00:03:24.088
You don`t have to go
all the way around Africa

00:03:24.088 --> 00:03:27.427
to go from Europe
to the Indian Ocean.

00:03:27.427 --> 00:03:34.893
It`s an incredibly strategic passage
or way to travel by sea

00:03:34.893 --> 00:03:40.293
between -- I guess for the world --
but especially between Europe and Asia.

00:03:40.293 --> 00:03:41.162
You can imagine,

00:03:41.162 --> 00:03:44.143
the British were very keen
on protecting the Suez Canal

00:03:44.143 --> 00:03:48.107
and the axies would have loved
to get control of the Suez Canal.

00:03:48.107 --> 00:03:49.157
Let me write this here.

00:03:49.157 --> 00:03:54.369
This right over here
is the Suez Canal.

00:03:54.369 --> 00:03:58.929
And as we go into October,

00:03:58.939 --> 00:04:02.302
this is Stalingrad commences
right over here.

00:04:02.302 --> 00:04:04.253
And as we go into October,

00:04:04.253 --> 00:04:09.819
the British are able to defeat or
start to deafeat the axies

00:04:09.827 --> 00:04:11.702
and then push them back.

00:04:11.702 --> 00:04:16.490
This eventually leads to the British
being able to go all the way to Tunisia.

00:04:16.490 --> 00:04:19.071
This is the final back- and-forth-blow

00:04:19.071 --> 00:04:23.436
that starts to secure victory
for the allies in North Africa.

00:04:23.436 --> 00:04:28.939
And at the same time
that this is commencing in October,

00:04:28.939 --> 00:04:34.869
you have other allied forces,
starting to arrive in Morroco and Algeria.

00:04:34.876 --> 00:04:40.938
Forces from the U.S.
are arriving in Morroco,

00:04:40.938 --> 00:04:43.057
and forces from the U.K.,
from Great Britain,

00:04:43.057 --> 00:04:47.577
are arriving in Algeria.

00:04:47.577 --> 00:04:50.952
This is going to give the allies
control of North Africa,

00:04:50.952 --> 00:04:56.854
from which they can now
mount assaults onto the European mainland,

00:04:56.854 --> 00:04:59.596
which we will see
in the next series of videos.

00:04:59.596 --> 00:05:02.927
Definitely the tide is turning,

00:05:02.927 --> 00:05:06.501
and the allies are starting
to be able to go on the offensive

00:05:06.501 --> 00:05:09.124
both in the Pacific
and the European Theater.


World War II in the Pacific in 1942

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.766
We are now entering into 1942.

00:00:03.766 --> 00:00:04.962
And just a reminder -

00:00:04.962 --> 00:00:08.936
It´s been a little over two years
since the beginning of WW II in Europe

00:00:08.936 --> 00:00:11.362
when the Nazis invaded Poland.

00:00:11.669 --> 00:00:14.387
And even before that,
as early as 1937,

00:00:14.387 --> 00:00:18.492
you´ve had all-out war
between the Chinese and the Japanese.

00:00:18.492 --> 00:00:21.388
And even before that
you´ve had conflicts

00:00:21.388 --> 00:00:26.054
since the Japanese invasion
of Manchuria in 1931.

00:00:26.274 --> 00:00:28.374
So Asia has been in conflict
for some time.

00:00:28.544 --> 00:00:34.110
But as we go into 1942, the United States
has just entered into World War II.

00:00:34.160 --> 00:00:35.020
You might remember -

00:00:35.020 --> 00:00:38.631
December 1941,
Japan goes on a major offensive,

00:00:38.631 --> 00:00:41.607
tries to knock out
the U.S. Pacific Fleet in Pearl Harbor,

00:00:41.607 --> 00:00:45.297
attacks Wake Island, attacks Guam,
attacks Hong Kong,

00:00:45.297 --> 00:00:47.467
the Philippines, Singapore,
Malaya.

00:00:47.467 --> 00:00:50.964
Then shortly thereafter
goes after other possessions,

00:00:50.964 --> 00:00:54.100
Burma, goes after
the Dutch-East Indies

00:00:54.100 --> 00:00:57.171
in its quest
for natural resources.

00:00:57.171 --> 00:00:59.747
And so you can imagine
as we go into 1942,

00:00:59.747 --> 00:01:01.950
the Americans are
eager to retaliate.

00:01:01.950 --> 00:01:02.929
And in these videos

00:01:02.929 --> 00:01:04.152
- these are overview videos,

00:01:04.152 --> 00:01:07.073
I cannot talk about
every action and battle that happens.

00:01:07.073 --> 00:01:09.298
I`m just trying
to give you the hightlights -

00:01:09.298 --> 00:01:18.400
But the first notable
action in 1942 is the Doolittle Raid.

00:01:18.461 --> 00:01:23.677
Named after Colonel Doolittle,
who is the architect of this raid.

00:01:23.969 --> 00:01:26.271
The idea is not so much
as a strategic victory

00:01:26.271 --> 00:01:27.834
but more of a psychological one.

00:01:27.834 --> 00:01:31.049
If the U.S. could somehow
attack the mainland of Japan,

00:01:31.049 --> 00:01:32.548
bomb the mainland of Japan,

00:01:32.548 --> 00:01:36.022
it would be
a huge morale booster for the Americans,

00:01:36.022 --> 00:01:41.061
and it might cause the Japanese people
to question their own leadership.

00:01:41.061 --> 00:01:44.190
And so the idea is
sent a carrier within bomber range

00:01:44.190 --> 00:01:46.785
roughly 1000 miles
of the coast of Japan

00:01:46.785 --> 00:01:48.976
- and I tried to do research
on where they went

00:01:48.976 --> 00:01:49.835
but I wasn`t able to find -

00:01:49.835 --> 00:01:52.325
but roughly 1000 miles
of the coast of Japan

00:01:52.371 --> 00:01:59.932
and then send 16 B-25 bombers
to bomb the mainland.

00:01:59.932 --> 00:02:02.461
And they are actually able
to do this.

00:02:02.461 --> 00:02:06.263
15 of the bombers, since they
can`t land back onto the carrier,

00:02:06.263 --> 00:02:08.407
they are to heavy and to large
to do that,

00:02:08.407 --> 00:02:12.093
they land in China

00:02:12.093 --> 00:02:18.237
and one of them gets diverted
to Russia or the Soviet Union.

00:02:18.391 --> 00:02:22.690
And out of the 80 crewman
all of planes get lost

00:02:22.690 --> 00:02:23.793
but out of the 80 crewman

00:02:23.793 --> 00:02:26.098
three are killed in action,
eight are captured,

00:02:26.098 --> 00:02:30.925
and three are killed in captivity
by the Japanese.

00:02:30.925 --> 00:02:33.730
But for the most part
a hugely successful operation.

00:02:33.730 --> 00:02:35.849
Only months after Pearl Harbor,

00:02:35.849 --> 00:02:38.295
the U.S. is able
to attack the Japanese mainland.

00:02:38.295 --> 00:02:39.413
Once again,

00:02:39.413 --> 00:02:41.716
more of a psychological victory
then a strategic one,

00:02:41.716 --> 00:02:48.258
but a major psychological accomplishment
from the ally point of view.

00:02:48.473 --> 00:02:50.571
This was in April,

00:02:50.571 --> 00:02:52.969
then you can fast forward to May,

00:02:52.969 --> 00:02:55.731
where you have
the first major naval engagement

00:02:55.731 --> 00:02:58.038
between the
Japanese and the American navy.

00:02:58.038 --> 00:03:01.031
And that happens
at the Battle of Coral Sea,

00:03:01.031 --> 00:03:04.715
or the Battle of the Coral Sea,

00:03:04.715 --> 00:03:10.379
which occurs
roughly over there.

00:03:10.502 --> 00:03:19.152
And this is significant because
the U.S. loses more than the Japanese do,

00:03:19.152 --> 00:03:22.822
but it is able to cripple
the Japanese navy enough

00:03:22.822 --> 00:03:24.855
that as they go
into the next major offensive,

00:03:24.855 --> 00:03:27.822
they don´t have quite
the firepower that they need.

00:03:28.092 --> 00:03:35.929
And that next major offensive
happens in June at Midway.

00:03:41.619 --> 00:03:46.820
In June you have
the Battle of Midway.

00:03:47.070 --> 00:03:49.684
At the Battle of Midway
this is a Japanese offensive.

00:03:49.684 --> 00:03:53.031
Their goal is to further knock
out the United States.

00:03:53.711 --> 00:03:56.422
But it ends up going the other way.

00:03:56.722 --> 00:03:59.443
And this is considered a big deal.

00:03:59.443 --> 00:04:01.995
This is the first Japanese naval loss

00:04:01.995 --> 00:04:06.639
since
the Battle of Shimonoseki Straits in 1863.

00:04:06.899 --> 00:04:11.334
You have a U.S. victory here.

00:04:11.334 --> 00:04:17.191
Many historians consider this
one of the most significant naval battles.

00:04:17.191 --> 00:04:18.500
We have a U.S. victory here.

00:04:18.500 --> 00:04:24.020
Once again,
it´s only seven months since Pearl Harbor.

00:04:24.230 --> 00:04:28.171
You have Coral Sea
which cripples the Japanese navy.

00:04:28.171 --> 00:04:31.736
- maybe cripple is a strong word
but tears them down a little bit -

00:04:31.736 --> 00:04:35.359
Then you have Midway
which is a major U.S. victory.

00:04:35.539 --> 00:04:42.644
And then that takes us to August
where you have the Battle of Guadalcanal.

00:04:45.694 --> 00:04:50.591
There are several islands over here,
the U.S. want to take it,

00:04:50.591 --> 00:04:52.150
the Japanese want to retake it.

00:04:52.260 --> 00:04:55.437
But between the on-the-ground forces
and the naval forces,

00:04:55.437 --> 00:05:01.353
the U.S. is able to defeat the Japanese
and keep them from taking Guadalcanal.

00:05:01.533 --> 00:05:06.876
This is a big deal because
between Midway and Guadalcanal in 1942,

00:05:06.876 --> 00:05:08.399
this is the turning point.

00:05:08.399 --> 00:05:09.610
And after this point,

00:05:09.610 --> 00:05:11.969
Midway,
the Japanese were on the offensive here,

00:05:11.969 --> 00:05:16.449
the Japanese tried to get the U.S.
out of Guadalcanal in August.

00:05:17.049 --> 00:05:21.102
But in both of those the U.S. are able
to defeat the Japanese at Midway,

00:05:21.102 --> 00:05:24.008
they are able
to fend them off at Guadalcanal.

00:05:24.008 --> 00:05:29.276
This is the turning point
where the U.S. is able to go on the offensive.

00:05:29.576 --> 00:05:32.311
1942 is a very big deal.

00:05:32.311 --> 00:05:35.872
It´s only months after Pearl Harbor,
months after the U.S. enters the war

00:05:35.872 --> 00:05:38.453
but it´s able to start turning the tide,

00:05:38.453 --> 00:05:42.228
and start to go on the offensive
against the Japanese in the Pacific.

00:05:42.528 --> 00:05:43.857
And what we´ll see
in the next video

00:05:43.857 --> 00:05:48.700
is 1942 also marks
the turning of the tide in Europe.