what does per quod mean?
 In a civil action, per quod means the recital of the consequences of certain acts as a ground of special harm to the plaintiff in a civil complaint. In law of defamation, with respect to slander, per quod means that proof of special damages is required. With regard to libel, it means that proof of extrinsic circumstances is required. Words that are actionable per quod do not furnish a basis for a lawsuit upon their face. 