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TO methods need further enhancement to tackle optimization as a 3D problem while taking all later product development stages into account .
 concept or principle: optimization; material: as; concept or principle: 3D; concept or principle: product development
Please list all entity words in the text that fit the category.Output format is "type1: word1; type2: word2". 
Option: manufacturing standard, machanical property, manufacturing process, material, engineering feature, process parameter, machine or equipment, application, process characterization, enabling technology, biomedical, concept or principle 
Text: {0} 
Answer:
 concept or principle: optimization; material: as; concept or principle: 3D; concept or principle: product development