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Effects of the joint interface area ( hole diameter of 5–13 mm ) and preheating of the substrates ( room temperature , 50 and 90℃ ) were investigated on the mechanical properties of the joints .
 concept or principle: joint interface; process parameter: area; concept or principle: diameter; manufacturing process: mm; manufacturing process: preheating; process parameter: temperature; concept or principle: mechanical properties
Please list all entity words in the text that fit the category.Output format is "type1: word1; type2: word2". 
Option: manufacturing standard, machanical property, manufacturing process, material, engineering feature, process parameter, machine or equipment, application, process characterization, enabling technology, biomedical, concept or principle 
Text: {0} 
Answer:
 concept or principle: joint interface; process parameter: area; concept or principle: diameter; manufacturing process: mm; manufacturing process: preheating; process parameter: temperature; concept or principle: mechanical properties