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The chemical composition , formed phases , and micro-hardness were characterized in the dissimilar joints by energy dispersive spectroscopy , X-ray diffraction , and micro-indentation .
 concept or principle: chemical composition; process characterization: energy dispersive spectroscopy; process characterization: X-ray diffraction
Please list all entity words in the text that fit the category.Output format is "type1: word1; type2: word2". 
Option: manufacturing standard, machanical property, manufacturing process, material, engineering feature, process parameter, machine or equipment, application, process characterization, enabling technology, biomedical, concept or principle 
Text: {0} 
Answer:
 concept or principle: chemical composition; process characterization: energy dispersive spectroscopy; process characterization: X-ray diffraction