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By comparing with those without UPT , the main causes for refinement of columnar prior-β and secondary α grains was explored , namely mechanical effects of ultrasonic at the temperature range of α ’ dissolution temperature Tdiss – liquidus temperature Tl .
 concept or principle: grains; application: mechanical; process parameter: temperature range; process parameter: temperature; concept or principle: liquidus; material: Tl
Please list all entity words in the text that fit the category.Output format is "type1: word1; type2: word2". 
Option: manufacturing standard, machanical property, manufacturing process, material, engineering feature, process parameter, machine or equipment, application, process characterization, enabling technology, biomedical, concept or principle 
Text: {0} 
Answer:
 concept or principle: grains; application: mechanical; process parameter: temperature range; process parameter: temperature; concept or principle: liquidus; material: Tl