2049
The novel TO method is based on thin plate elements on the two-dimensional manifold surfaces instead of 3D solid elements so as to reduce the computation cost for shape optimization .
 material: elements; concept or principle: two-dimensional; engineering feature: manifold surfaces; engineering feature: 3D solid elements; material: as; concept or principle: computation; concept or principle: optimization
Please list all entity words in the text that fit the category.Output format is "type1: word1; type2: word2". 
Option: manufacturing standard, machanical property, manufacturing process, material, engineering feature, process parameter, machine or equipment, application, process characterization, enabling technology, biomedical, concept or principle 
Text: {0} 
Answer:
 material: elements; concept or principle: two-dimensional; engineering feature: manifold surfaces; engineering feature: 3D solid elements; material: as; concept or principle: computation; concept or principle: optimization