3709
ATRA did not activate nuclear factor kappa B or signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation pathways , suggesting that an alternate mechanism is involved in IRF-1 gene activation.
 IRF-1 gene
Please list all entity words in the text that fit the category. Output format is "word1, word2". 
Option: cell line, protein, RNA, DNA, cell type 
Text: {0} 
Answer:
 IRF-1 gene