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To this end , a novel 3D transient phenomenological model was developed in this work to explore the evolution of the temperature and velocity fields and the molten pool dimensions for both single-track and multi-track laser DED deposits .
 3D, phenomenological model, evolution, temperature, molten pool, dimensions, laser, DED
Please list all entity words in the text that fit the category. Output format is "word1, word2". 
Option: manufacturing standard, machanical property, manufacturing process, material, engineering feature, process parameter, machine or equipment, application, process characterization, enabling technology, biomedical, concept or principle 
Text: {0} 
Answer:
 3D, phenomenological model, evolution, temperature, molten pool, dimensions, laser, DED