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Scum of the Earth is a memoir by Arthur Koestler in which he describes his life in France during 1939-1940 , the chaos that prevailed in France just prior to the outbreak of the Second World War and France ’s collapse , his tribulations , internment in a concentration camp , and eventual escape to England , via North Africa and Portugal .
 Arthur Koestler, France, England, Portugal
Please list all entity words in the text that fit the category. Output format is "word1, word2". 
Option: location, person, organization 
Text: {0} 
Answer:
 Arthur Koestler, France, England, Portugal