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The absorption of energy by these particles in laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing was calculated using the proposed model , which was validated experimentally .
 absorption, particles, laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing, model
Please list all entity words in the text that fit the category. Output format is "word1, word2". 
Option: manufacturing standard, machanical property, manufacturing process, material, engineering feature, process parameter, machine or equipment, application, process characterization, enabling technology, biomedical, concept or principle 
Text: {0} 
Answer:
 absorption, particles, laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing, model