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Several specific subroutines have been developed to automatically calculate the powder properties as temperature functions , and to consider the position of the beam during scanning as well as the material state changes from powder to liquid in the melting phase and from liquid to solid during cooling .
 powder, as, beam, scanning, as, as, material, powder, melting, cooling
Please list all entity words in the text that fit the category. Output format is "word1, word2". 
Option: manufacturing standard, machanical property, manufacturing process, material, engineering feature, process parameter, machine or equipment, application, process characterization, enabling technology, biomedical, concept or principle 
Text: {0} 
Answer:
 powder, as, beam, scanning, as, as, material, powder, melting, cooling