5953
To this end , a laser-based directed energy deposition ( DED ) system was used to fabricate bimetallic joint of Ti6Al4 V and SS410 keeping niobium ( Nb ) as a diffusion barrier layer .
 directed energy deposition, DED, fabricate, joint, V, niobium, Nb, as, diffusion, barrier layer
Please list all entity words in the text that fit the category. Output format is "word1, word2". 
Option: manufacturing standard, machanical property, manufacturing process, material, engineering feature, process parameter, machine or equipment, application, process characterization, enabling technology, biomedical, concept or principle 
Text: {0} 
Answer:
 directed energy deposition, DED, fabricate, joint, V, niobium, Nb, as, diffusion, barrier layer