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In this paper , a universal and simplified model has been proposed to predict the energy density suitable for SLM of a variety of metallic materials including Ti and Ti alloys , Al alloy , Ni-based superalloy and steel , on the basis of the relationship between energy absorption and consumption during SLM .
 model, energy density, SLM, metallic materials, Ti, Ti alloys, Al alloy, steel, energy absorption, SLM
Please list all entity words in the text that fit the category. Output format is "word1, word2". 
Option: manufacturing standard, machanical property, manufacturing process, material, engineering feature, process parameter, machine or equipment, application, process characterization, enabling technology, biomedical, concept or principle 
Text: {0} 
Answer:
 model, energy density, SLM, metallic materials, Ti, Ti alloys, Al alloy, steel, energy absorption, SLM