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District of New York City, New York York Judge Robert Joseph Ward J. Ward granted declaratory and injunctive relief to the plaintiffs, holding that the medical care at the prison was constitutionally inadequate. Todaro v. Ward, 431 F.Supp. 1129 S.D.N.Y. 1977. The defendants appealed. On October 31, 1977, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit Judge Irving R. Kaufman affirmed the district court is judgment. Todaro v. Ward, 565 F.2d 48 2nd Cir. 1977.
 place of birth: Robert Joseph Ward, New York City, New York
Given a phrase that describes the relationship between two words, extract the words and the lexical relationship between them. The output format should be "relation1: word1, word2; relation2: word3, word4". 
Option: place of death, place of birth, education degree, education institution 
Text: {0} 
Answer:
 place of birth: Robert Joseph Ward, New York City, New York