"The core values of the community have gone," says Mark, lighting his first cigarette of the morning as we look out together on to the street. "I've lived on this road 40 years, give or take, and I've seen the changes; communities disappearing, immigrants coming into the street, apprenticeships and heavy industry all gone." Welcome to Brexit Street in Thornaby, near Middlesbrough. It's a long street that's mainly built up of terraced houses whose front windows are dressed with net curtains or newspaper and whose front doors open straight on to the road. At the far end of the road, known by the locals as "the posh end", the houses have well-tended front gardens and courtyards. When I first visited the street back in May, many of those front doors were painted red - the tell-tale sign that the properties housed asylum seekers. Today, the doors have been repainted, but a large number of asylum seekers are still resident here and today, a couple of African refugees sit on the pavement in jogging pants and flip-flops, fiddling with their mobile phones, trying to get a signal. A small boy half-heartedly kicks a deflated plastic ball in and out of the parked cars and a dog, home alone in one of the terraced houses, repeatedly yaps his indignation. Mark, who is an unemployed carpet labourer, asks me if I have noticed how quiet the street is, how little movement there is of cars in the mornings or evenings.  "Unemployment," he smiles thinly. "Almost no one goes out to work here." He looks down at the carpet and crushes a little pile of cigarette ash with the heel of his shoe. "Makes you feel inadequate," he adds. Mark watched all the TV debates in the run-up to the referendum. He voted to leave the European Union, citing uncontrolled immigration as his main reason. "I'm not racist," he insists. "I'm mixed race myself - my dad came over as an immigrant from Barbados - but it's the volume of people who are coming to our shores - we can't cope physically. We just overstretch our public services. "And if Turkey joins the EU, that's another 88 million more people who will be eligible to work in Britain. But, of course, the people who are already here, well they should be allowed to stay." Immigration is the topic that comes up time and time again when I talk to the people of Brexit Street. At the local social club, Colin, an HGV driver, and his friend John, who maintains aircraft for a living, are having a pint together in the sunshine. Both men work regularly in Europe. "You only have to stand here five minutes and you'll see loads of them," grumbles Colin, nodding at two North African asylum seekers who are walking past. "They do nothing all day and they get it all for free¡ whereas we have to go to work and we are getting less and less." John cuts across him. "We should get out of the EU and close the tunnel!" he growls. Both men are surprised when I point out that asylum seekers are not allowed to work while they are waiting for their claims to be processed. "But they'll knack us when they do work!" says John. "Because they will work for the minimum wage." While immigration is a dominant theme, it is certainly not the only one that Brexit Street's residents give as to why they voted out. Poverty, unemployment, Britain's de-industrialisation, and a sense of social and political alienation from the South of England have also fuelled their vote to leave. "I tell you what'll happen," says John, angrily banging down his pint on the wooden table. "In the South, where all the money is¡ the government will lie to us. They'll turn round and say, 'Sorry, we're going to stay in the EU because we'll lose too much money'. And the North, he said, would suffer. In his crowded, toy-strewn sitting room in Brexit Street, Peter, a stay-at-home dad, patiently unwraps a chocolate biscuit for his little boy. "It does feel like the North East has been forgotten," he agrees, heaving his son on to his lap. "And the government has become more focused on the South. In the Teesside area, you don't get much. " Peter has struggled to find full-time work since he left university and he's now off sick with depression. Money, he admits is very tight in his household; his wife is working part-time, he has student debts to pay off and he has two young children to support. He voted to remain. "I believe we are stronger together," he explains. "There were people who voted out just to throw a punch at the government¡ But I think of the example I am setting my kids and I don't want them to see it like it's them against everyone else. "There are too many divides. And I don't want it to be that when they get to working age, they'll have great difficulty getting a job because of a decision we have made now." He knows, he says, that the EU has given grants and funding to various projects in the North East and he was concerned that the region would feel the pinch when that investment was pulled. "Once we leave, that funding's gone and the Leavers had no plans for how we get that money back - so that's one of the things I was thinking about when I voted Remain." Although Peter is convinced he did the right thing by voting Remain, he dared not talk to his relatives about his vote, fearing a family feud. And just over the road, Jo is cautious about talking to me for the same reason. "I voted Remain," she whispers from her half-opened door. "And people round here won't like that. I voted Remain for my grandchildren and their future but I know a lot of people won't like that because I'm working-class and I'm supposed to¡ you know¡" She trails off, "But there's no niceness in being alone." Jo, who is not working at the moment because of ill health, tells me she had never been interested in politics until the referendum debate but she's now becoming curious. "We've been Labour all our lives," she tells me. "But I'm studying that now." When I ask her what she thought of Jeremy Corbyn's performance in the run-up to the referendum, her brow furrows. "Now I'm not too sure who that is," she says. Both Jo and Peter live next to asylum seekers and both are concerned that Britain is becoming a less tolerant society. Peter tells me that, last year, swastikas appeared on the pavements of Brexit Street and racist graffiti was chalked on the walls. In the cramped, stuffy bedroom which she shares with a stranger, Camille, from Congo, sits sobbing. She's lived on Brexit Street for 18 months now but knows no-one. She only goes out to walk to her bi-weekly English lessons or to the drop-in centre round the corner. "When I walk down the street, they shout Ebola, Ebola!" she weeps. "I don't want this life." Twenty-year-old Camille says she had never intended to come to Britain. When her parents and sister were murdered in Congo, Camille was "rescued" by a white man who came to her village. He promised her that he would take her to a safe place where she could go to school but he trafficked her and forced her to work as a prostitute. "But they (the immigration authorities) say to me; 'You lie, you lie!'" she cries. She switches to her native French. "I'm not lying," she pleads. "My mum is dead, but I just want my mum. I just want my mum. " A little further down the street, landscape gardener Wayne is watching his son play tag with his school friends. Wayne voted out because he felt too many asylum seekers were coming to Britain and that Britain could not afford to welcome them. He is sure that when Britain leaves the EU, immigration will be curbed. "The thing is," he says, nodding up the street towards the African men who are still fiddling with their phones, "in their houses they get given microwaves and ovens and sofas and everything. I mean I had to take a loan to get that stuff." He shakes his head. "They get supermarket vouchers too - we don't get that.  But lots more people round here have to go to food banks now." The kettle is singing back in Mark's house. His housemate, who's also unemployed, offers tea. Mark also shares his home with his teenage son who will be leaving school next year. His future gives Mark sleepless nights. "There's nothing for him round here, no heavy industries. The only thing I could suggest is he goes into the forces because that's the only guarantee of five or six years' employment round here." I ask him if he worries that he's made a mistake with his Out vote - that perhaps by voting to leave the European Union, Britain will be worse off. "I think we are probably going to be worse off economically by leaving the EU," he agrees. "But I think that's a small price to pay to get our independence back. For us to rule our own shores." A few days later, back in London, I get a surprise call from the Brexit Street drop-in centre. Camille's asylum claim has been rejected and on Monday, she must hand in her front door keys and leave Brexit Street. Listen to Emma Jane Kirby's reports for PM via BBC iPlayer.

Question: On Teesside , more than 60 % of people voted to leave the EU in June 's referendum . Emma Jane Kirby is following the residents of one road in the area to see what motivated them and what they make of the @placeholder following the vote .


They are making "good progress" but encountering "fierce resistance", according to the Kurdish authority in northern Iraq. A joint operation involving both Kurdish forces and US air strikes began on Sunday morning. In its latest strikes, the US said it destroyed 19 IS vehicles. The strategically important dam was seized by the militants on 7 August. It supplies water and electricity to northern Iraq and there had been fears the IS militants could use it to flood areas downstream. IS has seized a swathe of territory in recent months in Iraq and Syria, displacing millions. Senior Kurdish official, Hoshyar Zebari, told the BBC the Peshmerga were "encountering fierce resistance, bombs on the roadside, suicide bombers and so on. "But really, the Peshmerga forces are pushing and taking the fight to them to clear the dam". He said the next objective was to clear the Nineveh plain "to ensure the return of minorities". Thousands of Christians and Yazidis have fled their homes there in the face of the IS advance. Other Kurdish officials said that half the Mosul dam was now in the hands of Peshmerga forces. The US military said it conducted 14 air strikes in the Mosul dam area on Sunday. Along with the military vehicles, a checkpoint was hit. The US carried out nine air strikes on Saturday. Meanwhile UK Prime Minister David Cameron, writing in the UK's Sunday Telegraph newspaper, said a "firm security response" was needed to deal with IS, involving "aid, diplomacy and our military prowess". The UK, Germany and other countries are currently delivering humanitarian aid for refugees in the north. The offensive at the dam comes amid reports of massacres by IS militants. At least 80 Yazidis, who are ethnic Kurds, are believed to have been killed for refusing to convert to Islam in the village of Kawju. Women and children in the same village were reportedly abducted. A Yazidi refugee from a different village, Moujamma Jazira, told AFP news agency that people there had also been massacred, after trying in vain to fight back. Dakhil Atto Solo said that 300 men had been executed in his village. The report could not be verified independently. IS is also accused of killing 700 tribesmen opposing them in Syria's Deir Ezzor province, over a two-week period. "Reliable sources" reported that many of the tribesmen had been beheaded, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said. In Western cities on Saturday, demonstrators marched in support of Iraq's minorities - Yazidis, Christians and others. IS, previously called Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Isis), was formed in April 2013, growing out of al-Qaeda in Iraq. It has seized large parts of Syria during the ongoing civil war there, and now occupies much of northern Iraq too. Pursuing an extreme form of Sunni Islam, it has persecuted non-Muslims and Shia Muslims, whom it regards as heretics.

Question: Kurdish forces have @placeholder the eastern part of the Mosul dam in Iraq from the Islamic State ( IS ) jihadist group , Kurdish officials say .


Over the course of his time with the "blasphemous and foul-mouthed" 1/4th (City of London) Battalion (Royal Fusiliers), whom he had joined earlier that December and would remain with until war's end, Leighton Green lived in muddy, rat-filled trenches, under battle and bombardment. The chaplain - who had been derided by his interviewing officer Chaplain-General Bishop John Taylor for his "very mincing manner" - was gassed, injured, suffered trench fever and trench foot, and would be awarded two Military Crosses for his bravery. "When the men went over the top, he wasn't far behind with his first aid box - and then he would have to bury them," said his biographer Stuart McLaren. Leighton Green arrived in France in March 1916 aged 33, driven in part by a belief that the Allied cause was a just one. (He had volunteered - clergymen were exempt from conscription.) He would begin documenting his experiences in missives sent back to his parish in Norwich. These monthly contributions to the St Barnabas Church newsletter left readers in no doubt about the "wretchedness and squalor" of the battle experience. Rats "infest the trenches in huge numbers, so that as you walk along the trench at night you tread upon them," he wrote in March 1917. "They run up and down the dug-out over your bed and everywhere." On one particularly awful night he even woke "with a rat hanging on to my nose - I have never liked rats since". On Easter Sunday 1917, Leighton Green was injured on the first day of the Battle of Arras as he watched "wave after wave of our men" go over the top. "Presently the machine guns of the enemy began to open fire and one could see gaps here and there in the wave, but still they pressed on," he continued, later describing a mass burial. According to Mr McLaren, the churchman volunteered because he believed in the "righteousness" of the British cause and felt a duty to bring Christian comfort to the troops. He said: "Part of his job was to go through the horribly mutilated bodies, finding ID, and day after day he'd be burying these people, some days with 20, 30 or 40 burials." Leighton Green volunteered at a time when the chaplain's role was changing, following General (later Field Marshal) Douglas Haig's appointment as Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces in late 1915 and the introduction of conscription. Michael Snape, the Michael Ramsey professor of Anglican studies at Durham University, said: "Haig understood the UK was a religious country and the clergy would have the moral authority to explain the causes of the war, which from the Battle of the Somme onwards they were progressively free to do." This "recast the role of the military chaplain for the rest of the 20th Century and into the 21st Century", he said. Prof Snape added: "The German, Austro-Hungarian or French chaplains were not expected to do what the British chaplains did, going round the trenches, talking to the men. "Indeed, one of the many things chaplains made a point of doing was to speak to those on guard duty to help them keep awake, because to fall asleep was a capital offence. "Britain didn't have the strong anti-clerical feeling experienced in Germany and France during the interwar period, and I believe this is in part because of what the chaplains did during World War One." And like so many of his contemporaries, Leighton Green believed the Allied cause was a just one. "We are fighting for our homes, for liberty and righteousness in the world, for the safety and welfare of the generations yet unborn," he wrote in April 1918, after the London Fusiliers had endured "continuous and severe fighting" for several days over Easter. "In such a cause we should all be willing to fight and suffer and if need be die." Prof Snape said: "We've forgotten how contemporaries viewed the war, how righteous the cause was seen to be. "By the 1960s, the play Oh! What a Lovely War was highly influenced by post-war myths and lies, and the parents of those who died were mostly dead themselves, so couldn't assert their sons didn't die in vain." Leighton Green also wished to bring the solace of faith to believers. While the Army imposed a compulsory church parade on all Church of England soldiers, from which other denominations and faiths were exempt, chaplains could offer voluntary services, such as the ones Leighton Green held on Christmas Day 1916. A typical Eucharist service attracted 70 or 80 men, while evensong was "usually overcrowded", he wrote home in July 1917. He also held confirmation services for soldiers (to became full members of the Church of England). One such service in 1916 attracted 150 candidates, including "some fifty men direct from the trenches, covered in mud from head to foot and carrying the shell shrapnel-proof helmets". And as well tending to his men's spiritual needs, the padre was also keen to cater for their practical ones. He established a "Mag-Fag Fund", supplied by donations from his parish, urging those safely back at home in Norwich to send cigarettes - "they are always urgently needed". "If only you could see the face of the recipients as I go round the ward with your cigarettes and magazines," he wrote on Palm Sunday 1916. The Army did provide its troops with a weekly allowance - but 40 cigarettes a man would last "about 36 hours at most". A parcel of 6,000 cigarettes, which arrived in May 1918, would "with strict economy last three days!" he wrote in May 1918. Leighton Green would be awarded two Military Crosses during the course of the war, the second for staying "for over an hour with a badly wounded signaller lying out in the open under shell fire" at Sebourquiaux, on 4 November 1918. When he was demobbed in 1919 the chaplain returned to St Barnabas, but in 1920-21 he had a breakdown. "His legs were full of shrapnel when he was caught up in a bomb on Easter Day 1917 and he was gassed when he went through the Hindenburg Line in 1917-18, which prevented him from singing," said Mr McLaren. "It would have broken a lesser man sooner." Leighton Green recovered and became the vicar of the small fishing village of Mundesley on the Norfolk coast, where he maintained his connection with the men he had served by joining the British Legion. He died aged 49 in 1929 and was buried with full military honours. An armed guard from the legion fired a volley over his grave.

Question: Early on Christmas Day in 1916 , a group of soldiers knelt on a rough @placeholder in a candlelit barn in France to receive Holy Communion from their chaplain . The man tending to their spiritual needs was Samuel Leighton Green . He had swapped a quiet life as a Norwich curate to share in the physical and mental suffering of those on the World War One front line . Why ?


In 1916, a public meeting was held at London's Caxton Hall in response to a sharp rise in traffic accidents on the capital's streets. These had been blamed on restricted street lighting implemented during World War One. A London "Safety First" Council was elected to tackle the problem and so began the organisation that was to become Rospa. Its first campaign in 1917 changed the pedestrian rule so that walkers faced oncoming traffic, said Errol Taylor, the organisation's deputy chief executive. Deaths caused by people stepping into the path of vehicles fell by 70% in the first year, he said. In 1919 short cinema films promoting work safety were made. The following year a Think Safety campaign was launched to deal with the 1.5 million new motorists who took to the road following the end of the war. In 1933, the first home safety leaflet rapidly sold 10,000 copies and had to be reprinted. Some of the industrial safety posters from World War Two depict men who have been blinded after failing to wear goggles at work. "These highlight the need to keep the British workforce, which was supporting the war effort, safe from preventable accidents," said Mr Taylor. He said some posters were aimed specifically at women, who were entering the industrial workforce at this time. The way in which women - as well as men - are represented in the posters gives us an insight into their roles in society at the time, said Dr Gemma Commane, a lecturer in media and communications at Birmingham City University. "We might assume an image is sexist due to narrow depictions of femininity or masculinity, but we need to step back a little," she said. The poster of a nurse holding a bloodied stiletto would appear patronising and sexist to many people today. But Mr Taylor said its intention was to keep women safe as they made the transition from the home to the industrial sector to play their important role in the war effort. Dr Commane said Rospa's Keep the Stairs Clear poster was "quite slapstick" and shows "stereotypical gender roles... with the wife being the cook and the man getting up to mischief". "This paints a narrow view of masculinity, as well as femininity. But the representation is accessible and the audience 'gets' the meaning. It is not intentionally sexist." Other posters reveal the people in society who were deemed to need the most protection. "The Don't Lose Sight of Them poster places the wife and child as precious things, but also taps into male anxiety around pressures to provide for the family," said Dr Commane. "Although this image depicts heterosexuality and perhaps marriage this is still very much a valid identity." Design expert Paul Rennie published a book of vintage Rospa posters called Safety First. The Not Yet Five - Help Them Survive poster that was circulated in 1952 shows how road safety was becoming a priority. Dr Rennie said: "Kids playing in the road was a common feature of the time, hence lots of road safety messages about looking out for kids. "The drink-drive poster was from a time when drink-driving was endemic." But by the 80s public information posters were being used less and less, said Jo Bullock, Rospa's head of communications. In some of the later campaigns before Rospa chose other ways to get its message across, animals were often depicted in a bid to deliver memorable safety advice to the public. "Although we don't do large-scale poster campaigns any more we do still talk about safety," said Ms Bullock. "We know accidents are the biggest killer of children and young people up to the age of 19 so it's really important we communicate the messages," she said. "We do a lot of work online now, on social media, we talk to parents and carers and we have launched a new free telephone helpline." Mr Taylor said that despite the use of poster campaigns having fallen out of fashion, the art itself remains memorable and appealing. "Although communication styles have changed considerably since Rospa's safety poster campaigns were at their height from the 1930s to the 1970s, many of the messages and imagery are timeless." As well as marking its centenary, 2016 is the 40th anniversary of Rospa's headquarters moving from the capital to Birmingham. The posters will go on show at the city's library from 22 May to 14 July.

Question: The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents ( Rospa ) has been warning the public about the perils lurking in everyday @placeholder for 100 years . Its poster campaigns over the decades reflect how a changing world has created new dangers , as well as exposing how attitudes towards women have changed .


Mr Trudeau's campaign promise to end airstrikes on Islamic State (IS) militants in Syria is being questioned after the deadly attacks in Paris. "I've committed repeatedly to my allies that we were going to do more on the training front," Mr Trudeau said. Canada has already deployed 69 trainers to help Kurdish Peshmerga fighters. "Training is something we do very, very well and that's something we're looking to be very helpful to other members of the coalition with to make sure Canada is doing more than its part in the war against [IS]," Mr Trudeau said. However, Mr Trudeau would not elaborate on specifics of the new military training strategy. "How many that will be, what form that will take, what kind of engagement we're going to have, those are things that we're going to work out," Mr Trudeau said. Trudeau also stressed Canada's commitment to accept roughly 25,000 Syrian refugees by the end of the year despite calls for him to reconsider. The premiers of Quebec and Saskatchewan provinces, as well as some mayors, have criticised Trudeau's refugee policy, concerned about the logistics and the security risks. One of the Paris attackers is believed to have entered France using a route travelled by migrants and refugees.  Some in the US and Canada have called for screening procedures to be upgraded before accepting additional refugees. "It didn't take the tragedies of Paris for us to suddenly realise that security is important," Mr Trudeau said. He said he is "very much committed to keeping Canadians safe while we do the right thing to engage responsibly with this humanitarian crisis". On Thursday at the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation summit in Manila, Mr Trudeau will meet US President Barack Obama for the first time since his Liberal party swept to power last month.

Question: Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has pledged to " refocus " his military 's efforts in Syria to put more emphasis on the training of local @placeholder forces .


The memory of the "Boy from Bassendean" - a suburb in the Western Australian state capital - is being erased by the local council. He has gone from favourite son to outcast by a simple show of hands at a council meeting. Harris's artworks will be taken down from its chambers and his status as a freeman has been rescinded, while a plaque outside his childhood home was stolen before the local authority could remove it. "We simply cannot tolerate the horrendous crimes for which he's been convicted," Bassendean Mayor John Gangell told ABC radio. And the backlash is spreading. In Melbourne a public mural, the "Entertainers of the Century" that features 100 prominent performers, will be changed to paint over Rolf Harris's cheery image. There is speculation, too, that Harris could be stripped of his Order of Australia award, one of the nation's most coveted honours. His conviction comes at a sensitive time for Australia, where the depravity of paedophiles is being scrutinised like never before. A royal commission into institutional responses to child sex abuse continues to uncover a terrible flood of atrocities, and could take years to complete its task. Justice Peter McClellan, who chairs it, believes that victims who have suffered alone for so long are finally coming forward because of high-profile court cases, including the conviction of Harris. "It is becoming apparent as we do our work that as the issue of abuse is raised and talked about, survivors increasingly feel able to bring their own story to the authorities," said Justice McClellan. "That which may have been kept secret for years may now be told. The burden of guilt and shame which many have felt is lifted by knowing that others who have suffered have overcome their reticence," he added. The law firm Slater & Gordon says since Harris's trial began it has been contacted by around a dozen women in Australia and New Zealand alleging they were molested by the TV presenter. "My understanding is that we're talking about assaults that occurred in those countries going back to the 70s and 80s," said lawyer Alan Collins. "Given what we heard in [Southwark Crown] court, a number of victims have suffered a very profound damage, I would have thought it highly likely that claims would be brought." Hetty Johnston, founder of one of Australia's most prominent child safety groups, Bravehearts Inc, raised the prospect of further charges against Harris. "Rolf Harris - icon to inmate. Victims vindicated. Hopefully when he comes out there will be more victims waiting to send him right back," Ms Johnston tweeted. Convicted by a court half a world away, 84-year old Harris has felt the full force of media outrage back home. The Australian has detailed "his most spectacular fall from cuddly establishment showman to jailbird," while the Sydney Morning Herald said he was "always an embarrassing curiosity rather than a national treasure". Harris was, the paper told its readers, a "mild colonial boy who simply went bad".

Question: Australia is racing to @placeholder itself from Rolf Harris as the shamed Perth - born entertainer starts a jail term for abusing young girls .


Under the new rules, Cubans will not have to go through government middlemen to sell agricultural produce. For the first time in decades, farmers will also be allowed to take their products to market themselves. The farm reform follows recent moves liberalising Cuban house and car sales. The government said the new rules were meant to cut down on transportation costs and speed up food delivery to the tourism industry. 'Better supply' According to Granma, the reform will allow farmers to "develop mechanisms to supply tourist entities and take better advantage of the potential of all forms of local means of production". Tourism is a key source of revenue for Cuba, but visitors often complain about the poor quality of food. The government is hoping the reform will help provide fresher and more varied products, boosting Cuba's attractiveness. Under the current rules, a state-run body has a monopoly on the sale and distribution of agricultural products. Prices and production volume are set at the start of each harvest. Critics say the state-run system has led to high volumes of food rotting before it could be distributed. The reform is part of a larger overhaul of Cuba's Soviet-style economy, which has already led to changes allowing Cubans to set up their own small businesses and buy and sell cars and homes.

Question: Farmers in Cuba will be able to sell their @placeholder directly to tourist hotels and restaurants from 1 December 2011 , the official Communist Party newspaper Granma has announced .


Beauly to Fort Augustus is the first part of the 137-mile (220km) transmission circuit to be electrified. The 400,000 volt line triples the capacity of the existing system. Six hundred new towers are being built - a reduction of 200 on the existing number. However, some towers are taller and reach heights of 65m (213ft). Opponents to the upgrade have complained that the new towers will spoil mountain landscapes. The project is expected to be completed in 2014 at an estimated cost of ¡ê600m. Meanwhile, SSE has reported a substantial rise in total electricity output from renewable sources, which include conventional hydro electric schemes, onshore and offshore wind farms and dedicated biomass plants. In an interim management statement, the company said output reached 1,756 gigawatt hours in the three months to 30 June - up from 1,331 gigawatt hours in the same period last year. SSE said this partly reflected "additional capacity being in operation". The energy firm also reported a dip in the number of its electricity and gas customers in Great Britain and Ireland, from 9.47 million to 9.46 million. However, it said it remained on course to deliver a full-year dividend increase above RPI (Retail Prices Index) inflation.

Question: The first section of the revamped Beauly to Denny power line has been @placeholder on two - and - a- half years after the project was given the go-ahead .


The pile is small and the carnations have wilted in the sun, but the gesture reflects a dramatically different mood to last November when hundreds of Russians came here to hurl stones, eggs and insults. The breakdown in relations came after Turkish fighter jets shot down a Russian military plane on the border with Syria. The pilot was killed as he attempted to parachute to safety. Vladimir Putin lashed out, calling it a stab in the back and state media here echoed his furious tone. The airwaves filled with talk of treachery. Then came the sanctions: a ban on charter flights to hugely popular Turkish resorts, restrictions on Turkish imports and for firms operating here and the introduction of visas. In a matter of months, one opinion poll showed Turkey leaping from nowhere to third place among the countries Russians view as their enemy, behind the US and Ukraine. But that anger is now dissipating as suddenly as it was whipped-up. This week, Turkish leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan formally apologised for downing the plane - or that is how Russia is reading his carefully chosen words. President Putin, who had insisted on that apology, immediately ordered talks on restoring ties. In what many saw as a battle of wills, it looks like Mr Erdogan blinked first. The political about-turn that followed has been dizzyingly swift. By Friday, the Russian and Turkish foreign ministers were shaking hands in Sochi. And after months accusing Turkey of collaborating with extremist groups in Syria, Russia now says military and anti-terrorist contacts have been renewed. Next up, are package holidays. Turkey has long been a key destination for Russians and their sudden disappearance hit the local economy hard. Ankara now says charter flights will resume by 7 July. Russia's official reason for cancelling flights was security concerns, after Moscow accused Ankara of supporting extremists. Turkey argues that this week's devastating bomb attack on Istanbul airport was further grim proof that it is not an ally of so-called Islamic State, but a target. Still, the increased terror threat has made some Russians wary of visiting. "I think it's frightening, I wouldn't recommend it," Tatyana told me, as she waited for a bus in central Moscow. She has enjoyed holidays in Turkey before, but says she will not go back for now. "I'd prefer to visit my grandparents in the country instead," she said. Others displayed a typically Russian insouciance. "People visited Egypt during the Arab Spring and I think tourist areas are well protected," Evgeny said, adding that his family had to holiday in Russia this year, and it had been lower quality and more expensive. Tour agencies have already reported a surge in enquiries about Turkey. "I would say the reaction was quite restrained despite efforts to stir it up, so will be quick and easy to switch back. "It's not like the anti Western mood which has deeper roots and is based on resentment," argues Lev Gudkov, director of the Levada research centre. While people were genuinely upset when the plane was downed, he says, their anger was directed at the Turkish authorities not its people. "I think there will be some aftertaste, but if the campaign is not escalated again then it will all be forgotten quite quickly," Mr Gudkov believes. Those heading to work close to the Turkish Embassy, generally agreed. "They wound us up for so long, then all of a sudden it's over! It's all so fast, my brain hasn't switched yet!" Sergei said. He has been to Turkey five times on holiday and plans to return. "It did feel like a betrayal, but those feelings pass," Alexander argued. "Politicians play their games and people suffer. I think it's wrong to punish the whole country for that."

Question: Outside the Turkish Embassy in Moscow there is a heap of flowers and a hand - coloured paper flag left in @placeholder after this week 's suicide attack in Istanbul .


The "surprising find" in Avebury, which is 30m (98ft) wide, is thought to be one of the site's earliest structures. The square of megaliths appears to have been erected around the remains of a Neolithic house, which sat at the centre of the colossal stone circle -  the largest in Europe. Archaeologists have hailed the discovery "unheard of". For more archaeological digs and historical findings from around England follow our Pinterest board Dr Mark Gillings, from the University of Leicester, said in their "wildest dreams" they had not been expecting to find what he has described as a "stone square circle". The discovery comes 80 years after the archaeologist and marmalade magnate, Alexander Keiller, discovered a line of standing stones near the 6m (19ft) upright stone known as the obelisk. The vast 330m (1,082ft) wide stone circle of Avebury was built between about 2850 BC and 2200 BC. Containing three stone circles and boasting 100 huge standing stones originally, it has been the subject of considerable archaeological interest since the 17th century. The discovery of previously unknown megaliths inside the monument has been greeted as a "great surprise". "We have detected and mapped a series of prehistoric standing stones that were subsequently hidden and buried," Dr Gillings said. "Together, these reveal a striking and apparently unique square megalithic monument within the Avebury circles that has the potential to be one of the very earliest structures on this remarkable site." Dr Joshua Pollard, from the University of Southampton, said their geophysical survey had "finally completed" Keiller's work. "It has shown the line of stones he identified was one side of a square of megaliths about 30m across and enclosing the obelisk," he said. "Megalithic circles are well known from the time when Avebury was built, but square megalithic settings of this scale and complexity are unheard of." The archaeologists think the stone square might commemorate and monumentalise the "ancestral house of the first people who lived in Avebury". If proved correct, it may help to explain why the Avebury monument complex was built.

Question: An ancient @placeholder discovered within a Neolithic stone circle in Wiltshire is actually a square .


Blood-curdling cries were punctuated by the sound of bamboo swords thwacking against armour, as the University of Cambridge's Kendo team practiced for their annual match against arch rivals Oxford. The samurai-inspired martial art requires skill in both attack and defence, and according to the team instructor Dr Frank Stajano, cyber-security is no different. "You cannot pretend that you will only be able to do the defence side because if you are not skilled at the attack you will not be able to defend." Dr Stajano, who is reader in security and privacy at the Cambridge Computer Laboratory, is also the organiser of the Inter-ACE Cyberchallenge. It's a tournament of hacking fought this year between 10 of the UK's 13 Academic Centres of Excellence in Cyber Security Research. "It's a 'sportified' version of a hacking competition" he told BBC Radio 4's PM programme, "where the challengers have to perform the same type of attacks that the bad guys do on enterprise computers." To win, teams had to complete tasks that required them to hone the skills hackers might use to attack systems. The so-called "capture the flag" challenges, which were designed by engineers from Facebook, required students to uncover secret lines of code or "flags", using their hacking skills. In a more combative challenge, teams fought to take control of a server, with other teams battling to kick them out. The day began with pizza and pop, not yet banned artificial stimulants, and a warning to competitors not to launch denial of service attacks against computer lab systems. As the teams of four students began hacking the noise level fell, concentration levels rose, and streams of computer code started marching up laptop screens. As a spectator sport hacking presents serious challenges for commentators, "I'm doing some reverse engineering things," one competitor from the University of Southampton hesitantly explained - perhaps aware that a journalist whose computing career peaked in a failed effort to write machine code on a ZX81 might struggle to grasp the finer points of contemporary hacking. "We're just trying to break into different web applications, and different systems," a member of Queens University Belfast told me, as though that was all rather routine. "The real interesting parts have been steganography," another student from the University of Kent team observed, referencing the technique of hiding data in sound and images. "If it was a sport it would be a participant sport," he argued, but as preparation for dealing with life outside the ivory tower it was first rate. "Being able to deal with security vulnerabilities will hold us in good stead," he said. The battle here was fought purely for honour, but in the real world the stakes are much higher. It's a game even nation states play. Birmingham's captain researches car vehicle security - "and the stakes are human lives," she said. But the students weren't the only ones gaining knowledge. Spectating was Sergeant Phil Cobley of the local Cyber Crime Unit. Rather than advising competitors to "mind how you go", Sergeant Cobley was treating it as learning experience. His work is with Cyber Prevent, the police programme that tries to steer young people away from cyber-crime. The Prevent programme has been criticised for urging parents to look out for behaviours and interests that, critics say, could be perfectly innocent - and resemble those of budding web entrepreneurs and white-hat hackers. "I think the important thing is around educational awareness," he said, making it clear that there were benefits to "community, society and themselves" if young people develop computer skills and use them in the right way. Dr Stajano hopes that by practising the skills criminal black-hat hackers use, the students will become effective cyber-defenders. If you don't teach these techniques, he said, "the only ones who will be skilled in them will be the ones who are already bent on evil". University sport has long been an opportunity to forge relationships later in life, and that was also in Dr Stajano's mind when he started the contest. "In 10 or 20 years time when each of them is the head of security for a company or head of homeland security for their country then they will remember when they were little they were here one day in Cambridge in 2016 and they have pals over there they can exchange notes with and fight against the bad guys." The competition will be run annually, but in this first clash the laurels, or rather a large shiny cup, went to home team Cambridge, with Imperial and Southampton taking silver and bronze respectively. Clutching the trophy, a member of the Cambridge team seemed relieved. "The other Universities like Southampton and Imperial were on our tails throughout the entire competition," he said.

Question: Computer hackers are constantly exploiting security flaws and accessing private @placeholder . For the participants at a new annual competition , though , it 's not a crime - it 's a sport .


Aguero has until 18:00 BST on Thursday 1 September to respond to the charge. If found guilty, the Argentina international faces a three-match ban. He would miss Premier League games with Manchester United on 10 September and Bournemouth on 17 September. The 28-year-old would also miss the EFL Cup third-round game against Swansea. Referee Andre Marriner did not see the 76th-minute incident during City's 3-1 win on Sunday and the FA has decided to take retrospective action after reviewing television footage. Aguero is currently out of Argentina's two World Cup 2018 qualifiers next month with a calf injury.

Question: Manchester City striker Sergio Aguero has been given an extra 24 hours to @placeholder his case after being charged with violent conduct by the Football Association for elbowing West Ham 's Winston Reid .


French operators Orange and Bouygues Telecom ended talks late on Friday over the reported €10bn (¡ê8bn) merger. Bouygues shares are on course for their worst fall in 17 years, plunging nearly 15.2% in midday trading, while Orange shares were down 4.4%. The news initially sent BT shares down 1.1% and Vodafone down 0.5%, although they later recovered those losses. The potential merger of Orange with its smaller rival Bouygues was intended to prop up profits and would have reduced the number of mobile operators from four to three in France. Analysts at Deutsche Bank said Orange had set clear conditions that were not met during talks, while Bouygues identified four reasons for the failure, including execution risk and governance. "We believe that this was one of the last chances for consolidation within the French telecoms market," analysts at Berenberg said. The Stoxx index of 600 European telecoms firms was down slightly in afternoon trading, amid heavy falls among other French telecoms stocks. Iliad and SFR, which had both been in talks to acquire some of Bouygues' assets, shed 15.8% and 17.6% respectively on the Paris stock exchange.

Question: European telecom stocks have stumbled after a deal to create France 's biggest telecoms @placeholder collapsed .


Media playback is not supported on this device The northern hemisphere teams were unable to live with their fleet-footed rivals from the south. To some critics, the 2016 Six Nations has only served to further underline the size of that schism. Boring, stale, conservative and stifling - they are just some of the accusations levelled at a tournament obsessed by the need to win. Having won the World Cup with New Zealand in 2011 but also played in Europe with Nottingham and Toulon, former All Black Ali Williams offers a unique insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the Six Nations. The Six Nations is not a flawed product, it is a fantastic tournament. It is the product on the field that people are criticising - not the competition, not the crowd, not the commercial side. I think the Six Nations is methodical rather than intuitive. The thing I have got out of it living over here and being here for the Six Nations and experiencing the culture, is that the here and now is what people look at. It is not the skill factor - that is all there, it's the mindset that is the pure difference between the two sides of the world. If you are too nervous or too scared and fear doing something wrong then you are never going to push yourself. You are never going to challenge yourself to get better or enhance a skill that doesn't come naturally. That's what I feel here in the Six Nations. There is a restraint on trying new things. It is a matter of instilling confidence in players to play what you see rather than play how you are coached or play how you think you should play. I am probably a prime example. I put on an All Black jersey and thought I could do anything because they instilled that confidence in me. I was doing cross-field kicks from quick taps. I am a second rower. That is not what you should be doing in the manual of rugby but that is now what we do with the All Blacks. The fitness debate between the two hemispheres is about match fitness. The guys I have watched in the Six Nations are fit, don't ever doubt that. What England coach Eddie Jones is trying to say about fitness is that in the northern hemisphere your game fitness is different because you are playing longer, more physical, slower, mental games rather than your Super Rugby-type of run, run, run, run and the opportunities will open up. Eddie is saying is why can't we challenge these guys to be fit enough to play a more open expansive game? Unfortunately you don't get that unless you are doing it that way every week. France captain Guilhem Guirado played 60 minutes for his club five days before a Test match against Wales. That just wouldn't happen with the All Blacks. It comes back to a collective success and for us, collective success is everyone playing well, All Blacks playing well, club teams playing well but also individuals playing well. You are not going to have collective success if you have both got different angles and motivations. By that I mean club v country. Until they find neutral ground and disagree on some things but yet commit on others, you are always going to have these obstacles. Are players going to change it? They're not. They can't. This is a commercial model that needs to look at itself and where they sacrifice some commercial upside but also get better longevity in players and a better product on the field and protect the international game. Media playback is not supported on this device Warren Gatland is right when he says that as soon as there is a mistake then there is an advantage that could lead to a try. It doesn't just have to generate off that however. Yes, that is one of the prime opportunities to score tries but the drive should also be when you have got the ball to not fear a mistake and get a try conceded against you, you should try and want to score. France on Friday night were an example of that and an example of not having a collective understanding of how they want to play together. Individual flair is one thing but you can't show individual flair if you don't have a collective pattern or understanding of where each other is going to be. Individual flair is when you have the ball and you are trying to show something on your own; team flair is when you all know what you are doing. For me that's the frustrating part. If you are saying you are only going to score off mistakes, what are they teaching them in the week? I don't agree with the idea that the northern hemisphere needs to copy the southern hemisphere. I agree with harnessing your own culture and harnessing your own mindset. What does England stand for? What is their mindset? What does Wales stand for? What is their mindset? Once you have established that, then you play like your mindset. That is where I think France are potentially going wrong. What does France stand for? In their mind and their culture, what are they? They know that they have just got to show it on a rugby field. They can do it, we all know it and we all still talk about French flair. They have got it, they are just going through a stage where they are not showing it to people. Ali Williams was talking to BBC Sport's Tom Reynolds.

Question: All four semi-finalists at last year 's World Cup came from the southern hemisphere , playing an exciting , open , @placeholder brand of rugby .


Anglian Water said a 6 ins (15cm) main had burst at about 12:45 GMT on Woodbridge Road East, near the Lattice Barn pub. Its engineers were able to stop the leak onto the road by about 14:30 GMT. Police had to direct traffic around the damaged road, while the water company said it would take two days to fully fix. Antony Innes, from Anglian Water, said: "Unfortunately, the leak has caused damage to the road surface which will need fixing before the road can be reopened. "We expect to have things back to normal by Wednesday morning, but will be doing all we can to put things right as soon as possible." Mr Innes said the road would have to be closed in both directions from 18:00 GMT until the surface was repaired. He said 30 houses had had their water restored and the rest should be back on later on Monday.

Question: A burst water pipe has cracked open a main road in Ipswich and left 50 homes without @placeholder .


The Solar Probe Plus mission will now carry the name of Eugene Parker, who conducted pioneering work on the "solar wind" - a stream of charged particles flowing out from the Sun's "atmosphere". The spacecraft will swoop to within four million miles of the Sun's surface, enduring temperatures of about 2,500C. The mission is due to launch in 2018. "Nasa has never named a spacecraft after a researcher during their lifetime," said Thomas Zurbuchen, the head of Nasa's science mission directorate. The change, which comes a few days before Prof Parker's 90th birthday, means that Solar Probe Plus, will now be known as the Parker Solar Probe. Plans for solar 'close encounter' Getting ready for the mission to Hell The mission was originally announced in 2009, and is set to launch next year from Florida's Kennedy Space Center on a Delta IV Heavy rocket. Nasa scientist Nicola Fox, commented: "I like to call it the coolest, hottest mission under the Sun." The spacecraft will travel through part of the Sun's atmosphere, closer to its surface than any manmade object before. The aim is to better understand the upper layer of this atmosphere, known as the corona. It should also expand our knowledge of the origin and evolution of the solar wind. The spacecraft will be protected from the scorching temperatures by a specially developed carbon-composite shield. The European Space Agency (Esa) plans to launch its own mission to the Sun, named Solar Orbiter, in February 2019.

Question: The US space agency has @placeholder its mission to " touch the Sun " after a living scientist .


The 28-year-old midfielder, who left Saints for Easter Road in 2013, has signed a one-year contract with the Perth club. St Johnstone manager Tommy Wright told his club website: "When a manager makes any signing he's pleased. "But the thing about Liam is that I didn't want him to leave in the first place." Craig first joined Saints in 2007 on loan from Falkirk but signed a pre-contract agreement to join Hibs shortly before Wright stepped up from his assistant role to take over from the departing Steve Lomas. "His experience and knowledge of the club is vital and that came into my thinking," said Wright. "He has a wealth of experience but is still a good age and he has shown in training and in the (friendly) game against Real Sociedad that he is as good as ever. "Also, he chips in with goals from midfield and that is something any team needs." Craig suffered relegation with Hibs and played 32 times for the Edinburgh side in the Scottish Championship last term. He said: "It goes without saying that I'm delighted to come back. "I have a lot of great memories from the last time and I want to play my part in creating new ones and helping the club continue its successes in recent years, particularly the last two. "Sometimes you just get the 'right fit' and in the time I've been back training it's almost like I've never been away."

Question: Liam Craig has @placeholder for a second stint with St Johnstone after his summer release by Hibernian .


Pirates were beaten 17-16 in the British and Irish Cup, their third defeat by the same opponents in the space of five weeks. "I know we can produce a lot better than that," Cattle said. "To run them close is good, but when you reflect on that performance and what we could have controlled, we could have come away with a win." London Irish, who have won all their matches since being relegated from the Premiership last season, lead second-placed Pirates by nine points in their cup pool with only 10 still to play for. But Cattle says there is no reason his side cannot secure one of the three places in the quarter-finals for the best runners-up. "If we get two bonus point wins from Connacht and Ospreys we'll be in with a shout of a runners-up spot," he told BBC Radio Cornwall. "We're at the midpoint of the season in the Championship, we're five points off third, two points off the top four, so for us we're in a good place. "Just because results have gone against us in recent weeks doesn't make us a bad team overnight."

Question: Cornish Pirates coach Gavin Cattle says his side @placeholder the chance for a first win over London Irish this season .


Peter Willett called Americans a "baying mob of imbeciles" in a piece written for a golf magazine. Danny, who apologised on Wednesday and said his brother had said sorry to him, admitted it had been "tricky to focus". "I have to be relatively selfish about it - I appreciate it is his career, but it's my career too," he added. "Peter's a writer, and unfortunately that's not quite panned out great the last few days that he's associated with me. "If his last name wasn't Willett, nobody would really be making that much of a fuss about it. It was just an unfortunate circumstance." Willett, 28, is hopeful that the incident will fade away when play gets under way with Friday's opening foursomes at 13:35 BST. One American fan was clearly heard shouting "want any cookie dough" in reference to the offending article during practice on Thursday but Yorkshireman Willett said: "The fans have been great. There's a few shouts out there but you can expect that. "There are some pretty rowdy US fans at every Ryder Cup, that's the nature of the beast. We don't mind a bit of heckling - we hope it doesn't go too far. "Hopefully everyone can kind of draw a line under it and we can just come out here and play some golf. "I'm not saying it will be completely forgotten but hopefully it's died down a bit more." American Patrick Reed, who top-scored on his Ryder Cup debut with 3? points at Gleneagles in 2014 and made shushing gestures to the home crowd in an attempt to fire up the US challenge, has asked fans to "forgive and forget". The 26-year-old said: "The first Ryder Cup is such a special and awesome moment, so to have something distract you from enjoying it is unfortunate. "I heard that his family was embarrassed, that they were thinking about flying home, and that's something that just can't happen. "I'm hoping the fans can put it aside and allow the rookies, not only on our side but their side, to enjoy it and allow Danny to enjoy the week. "It hasn't affected us in any way. I hope that our fans don't just completely annihilate them."

Question: Europe 's Danny Willett has @placeholder his brother 's " wrong and ill - timed " article criticising American fans has " put a downer " on his first Ryder Cup.


The winner is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, on behalf of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel's estate, and awarded to whoever "shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses". Over the years, 10 individuals from Africa have been honoured for their efforts: "The Nobel Committee for the second time chose a prize-winner who was being persecuted by his own authorities" "After having taken the initiative in negotiating a peace treaty between the two countries" "The Committee has attached importance to Desmond Tutu's role as a unifying leader figure in the campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa" "For their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa" "For their work for a better organised and more peaceful world" "For her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace" "For their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way" "For their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work" "For its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011." Find out more

Question: The Nobel Peace Prize , first awarded in 1901 , has this year gone to four civil @placeholder groups in Tunisia .


The vulnerability might leave users open to stalking, harassment or persecution, said the researchers. By spoofing requests to the servers behind the apps, researchers were able to track people as they moved around during the day. One app maker has fixed the loopholes in some nations but most users are still at risk, they warned. The location-leaking vulnerabilities were found by Colby Moore and Patrick Wardle from cybersecurity firm Synack. The pair focused most of their attention on gay dating app Grindr but said other dating apps were vulnerable in the same way. They found that they could exploit a feature of Grindr that tells users how far away they are from other people who have signed up to use the service and share where they are. The app calls on several different sources of data to provide very precise measurements of this distance. To exploit the loophole the researchers sent several requests to servers behind Grindr, each one appearing to come from a different location. This let them get multiple estimates of a target's distance from these separate places. This made it possible to calculate a person's exact location by triangulation. In a presentation at the Shmoocon conference, Mr Colby showed how he was able to use the loophole to map all Grindr users in San Francisco's Bay Area and those at the Sochi winter Olympics. Correlating this location data with information from social media sites would make it easy to find out someone's identity, he said. While exploiting the loophole was not straightforward, said the researchers, there was evidence that it was being abused in Egypt to harass some dating app users. He said Synack had told Grindr about the vulnerability which prompted the firm to update versions of its app available in nations where homosexuality is illegal or which have a history of violence against gay people. It added that it had made it easy for people to stop sharing their location if they were worried about how it could be abused. In a blogpost published soon after it was told about the problem, Grindr said that it had no plans to change the location finding system in nations where it was used because it was a "core function" of the service rather than a security flaw. As a result, Mr Moore told tech news site Ars Technica, the problem still existed for Grindr users outside nations where location sharing was turned off. "We were able to replicate this attack multiple times on willing participants without fail," he said. He said Grindr could make it much harder to exploit the bug by checking where people were making location requests from and stopping those that were obviously spoofed. In addition, he said, the firm could make the location data less precise to help obscure people's locations.

Question: Many mobile dating apps can be @placeholder to expose the exact location of users , warn security experts .


Ecce Homo earned the nickname 'Monkey Christ' after Cecilia Gimenez attempted to restore it. Officials in the town of Borja in northeast Spain say it has drawn more than 40,000 visitors and raised more than 50,000 Euros for charity. Gimenez and the local council are also set to sign a merchandising deal. The fresco had held pride of place in the Sanctuary of Mercy Church near Zaragoza for more than 100 years. Cultural officials said she had the best intentions and hoped it could be properly restored. But officials say it is not now possible to restore the painting's original look. Since then 81-year-old Gimenez had also her own art exhibited. The fresco depicts Christ with a crown of thorns in a style known as "Ecce Homo" (Behold the Man). Amid last year's ridicule, some dubbed it "Ecce Mono" - Behold the Monkey.

Question: A Spanish fresco that made headlines around the world after its restoration was botched by an elderly parishioner has had a change in @placeholder .


William Dawson came from Boston in Lincolnshire and was the eldest of four children. His father had drowned at sea in 1898 when he was 10 years old and as soon as he left school, Dawson went to work to support the family. He found employment with a shipping company but had an interest in engines. In early 1916 he answered an advert in Motor Cycle magazine, in which the Motor Machine Gun Service (MMGS) asked for mechanically-minded recruits for intriguingly vague Army service. By May he found himself transferred to the "Heavy Section" of the MMGS. A few days later Dawson was locked into a training ground in Suffolk being given "a very serious talk explaining that the new project was so very very secret that he could give no details but that it was most important". "The secret camp was very large, roughly circular and some three or four miles across. The perimeter was guarded day and night by 500 or more reservists fully armed with rifles and ammunition," he wrote years later. "Early one morning just after daylight we were awakened by a rumbling and rattling with sounds of motor engines. "In great excitement everybody rushed out of tents, just as they had slept, and there they were, the first of the tanks, passing our tents to the practice driving ground which we had prepared." Describing the appearance as "extraordinary", he added: "We immediately started to learn its mechanism and engine and commenced driving it round the course of three to four feet high obstructions." The idea of armoured fighting vehicles had been around since Leonardo da Vinci but at the outbreak of World War One, practical battlefield machines were for most soldiers scarcely more than science fiction. But as the fighting in France and Belgium bogged down into trench warfare, the concept gained supporters. Having seen conditions on the Western Front as an official Army correspondent, Col Ernest Swinton was in a position to push for bulletproof tractors to crush wire and cross trenches. He managed to attract support from Winston Churchill. then First Lord of the Admiralty. A "Landships" committee was formed in early 1915. A machinery company in Lincoln was commissioned to build prototypes. with much of the design work done in a local hotel room. Tanks went from science fiction to steel fact in the space of six months. In late 1915 an 8m (26ft) long, 28-ton machine crossed a dummy trench system at Hatfield in Hertfordshire. Lord Kitchener, the Minister of War, felt it was "a toy" and "without serious military value" but a representative of Commander in Chief Douglas Haig simply said: "How soon can we have them?" By then planning for the Somme offensive was under way. Despite high hopes, the terrible losses of the first day and continued bloody fighting meant the need for a new weapon was greater than ever. As with the machines themselves, an entirely new part of the Army, for an entirely new type of war, was thrown together in a matter of months. Formed in March 1916 the Heavy Section Machine Gun Corps was commanded by Col Swinton. Suffolk's Elveden Camp hosted more than 500 men to crew about 50 tanks. Rushed into service, men and machines were far from battle ready. Dawson said: "Our commander, Second Lieutenant Macpherson, was a fine and likeable young fellow but he like us had never been in an actual battlefield or in action before. "The briefing and instructions regarding objectives were quite inadequate." Basil Henriques was from another part of the social scale. Educated at Harrow and Oxford, he was appointed a lieutenant in April 1916, aged 25, and made a tank commander. But the same lack of training dogged him. He said: "We had no training with the infantry, even at home, and the infantry with whom we had to fight had never heard of us until they actually saw us in battle." By the time he arrived in France he had only worked with his crew once and had not used the guns on their machine. One thing was clear to everyone: tanks were hellish to use. The crew of eight was in a single compartment dominated by a huge engine. Tanks had no suspension and limited views outside. Every journey was deafeningly noisy, fume-filled and batteringly rough. They were at the limits of technology. Engines were unreliable, armour was thin, tactics were guesswork. Communication was mostly by hand signal and pigeon. And that was before anyone started shooting. On 15 September 1916, the shooting would start. Almost every one of the 50 or so available tanks would be used to try to capture the village of Courcelette. Early indications were not good. Thanks to breakdowns, only 31 machines reached the start line. The reaction of the German defenders to tanks varied. One trench garrison simply fled. Prisoners interviewed afterwards gave the impression that "German soldiers regarded them with some sort of superstitious terror.... till daylight disclosed their true nature." Mostly the tanks were attacked with anything and everything. Machine guns, pistols, grenades and artillery. Dawson recalled his machine blundered about the battlefield before meeting another of the new British tanks. "Both it and ourselves came up against machine gun fire with armour-piercing bullets and while we had quite a few holes I counted upwards of 40 in the other tank." The commander, Macpherson, left the tank to report to his superiors and was killed. Henriques in tank C22 had also moved into the fight: "Squashing dead Germans as we went. We could not steer properly and kept losing the (guide) tape." Guns blazed at the tank and he had to peer through a narrow glass slit in an attempt to see the enemy. He said: "A smash against my flap in front caused splinters to come in and the blood to pour down my face. Then our prism glass broke to pieces, then another smash, I think it must have been a bomb right in my face." With a tank full of injured men, Henriques withdrew. Not everyone was so lucky. Cyril Coles, who was born in Canford, Dorset in 1893, enlisted in the Army in February 1916 and was a tank gunner in France by August. Coles was in tank D15. Supposed to be one of three armoured vehicles, the others became stuck in shell holes before crossing the start line. D15 had reached the first German trench when it was hit be artillery fire. The official history of the battle states: "The commander and his crew abandoned the burning tank but two of the men were then shot and killed and the others wounded." Coles was one of the dead. Both men were buried beside the wrecked machine. Staff at the Tank Museum researching the details of Coles' life believe he was one of the very first tank men to be killed in action. The badly cratered ground, combined with the enemy onslaught, devastated the tanks. About 12 machines had punched deep into the enemy defences but most of these were damaged. Only a few were still operational the next day. Henriques had to have glass splinters removed from his face by medics. One piece was large enough to be mounted as a "stone" in a gold ring, which he gave to his wife as a memento of his brush with mortal danger. The first fight of the tanks would be named the battle of Flers-Courcelette and, by the standards of the Somme campaign, it was a success. The new machines, though badly flawed, had shown potential. William Dawson and Basil Henriques survived the battle and the war. They saw the tank develop into an ever more effective part of the Army, playing an important role in bringing victory in November 1918. David Willey, curator at the Tank Museum, said: "The tanks had limited success on that first day in military terms, however their success in terms of psychology shouldn't be underestimated. "The German troops were terrified of these machines and for the British, the tanks were a huge morale boost. "This was a British invention, designed to save soldiers' lives, and it gave people hope, both on the front line and back at home."

Question: The tank , which would go on to dominate 20th Century warfare , first stormed on to the shattered battlefields of the Somme 100 years ago . Rushed into battle by desperate generals with barely any testing , its debut was a messy experiment with questionable results . A select @placeholder of young men were the first to feel its terrible influence and have their lives changed by it .


Stephen Kigoma was raped during the conflict in his home country, the Democratic Republic of Congo. He described his ordeal in an interview with the BBC's Alice Muthengi, calling for more survivors to come forward. "I hid that I was a male rape survivor. I couldn't open up - it's a taboo," he said. "As a man, I can't cry. People will tell you that you are a coward, you are weak, you are stupid." The rape took place when men attacked Stephen's home in Beni, a city in north-eastern DR Congo. "They killed my father. Three men raped me, and they said: 'You are a man, how are you going to say you were raped?' "It's a weapon they use to make you silent." After fleeing to Uganda in 2011, Stephen got medical help - but only after a physiotherapist treating him for a back problem realised there was more to his injuries. He was taken to see a doctor treating survivors of sexual violence, where he was the only man in the ward. "I felt undermined. I was in a land I didn't belong to, having to explain to the doctor how it happened. That was my fear." Stephen was able to get counselling through the Refugee Law Project, an NGO in Uganda's capital, Kampala, where he was one of six men speaking about their ordeal. But they're far from being the only ones. The Refugee Law Project, which has investigated male rape in DR Congo, has also published a report on sexual violence among South Sudanese refugees in northern Uganda. It found that more than 20% of women reported being raped - compared to just 4% of men. "The main reason that fewer men come forward is that people assume they should be invulnerable, they should fight back. They have allowed it so they must be homosexual," Dr Chris Dolan, director of the organisation, told the BBC's Focus on Africa programme. Legal challenges pose a problem when it comes to men reporting rape, he added. "In the Rome Statute [which established the International Criminal Court] you have a definition of rape that is wide enough to include women and men, but in most domestic legislation, the definition of rape involves the penetration of the vagina by the penis. That means if a man comes forward, they'll be told it wasn't rape, it was sexual assault. "There's the problem of criminalisation of same-sex activity - it revolves around penetration of the male body, not around consent or lack of consent." In 2016, Uganda took in more refugees than any other country in the world, and has been praised for having some of the world's most welcoming policies towards them. But for male rape survivors like Stephen, life there can be tough. Homosexual acts are illegal in Uganda, and going to the police to report rape is not always an option. "When I asked the police, they said that if it has anything to do with penetration between a man and a man, it is gay," he said. "If it happens to a woman, we listen to them, treat them, care and listen to them - give them a voice. But what happens to men?"

Question: " If I talked about it , I would have been separated from the people . Even those who treated me would not have @placeholder my hands . "


In a joint letter to the Observer, they urge ministers to reconsider the plans. The LGA says the plan to remove all schools from council control has caused "enormous concern" . But, on Saturday, Education Secretary Nicky Morgan insisted there was "no reverse gear" on the changes. Speaking at the NASUWT teacher union conference in Birmingham, Ms Morgan said she would not row back on the government's reform agenda, saying the plans would put control over schools into the hands of heads and teachers. But this did not deter the National Union of Teachers, gathering for its annual conference in Brighton, voting for a ballot for a one-day strike next term over the government's plans. The Observer letter, signed by Conservative councillors as well as those from opposition parties, says: "There is no evidence that academies perform better than council maintained schools. "Where a school is failing, there is no question that action must be taken - but converting every school, regardless of performance, to an academy will not tackle those issues." It goes on: "Schools value the option to become academies - and the support they receive from their local councils to do so - where they believe this is in the best interests of their students and communities. "Forcing the change upon every school goes against, in many cases, what parents and teachers want, and there will be a large financial implication for local authorities at a time when communities are already suffering the impact of significant budget cuts." The councillors continue: "We urge the government to listen to the concerns of families, teachers, unions, politicians and experts and rethink the proposals in the White Paper." The letter is signed by Cllr David Hodge, Leader of the Conservative Group, Cllr Nick Forbes, Leader of the Labour Group, Cllr Marianne Overton, Leader of the Independent Group and Cllr Gerald Vernon-Jackson, Leader of the Liberal Democrat Group.

Question: Leaders of the Conservative , Labour and Liberal Democrat groups in the Local Government Association have @placeholder to oppose plans to force all English schools to become academies .


It will succeed the ¡ê425m Superfast Cymru project, which aims to reach 96% of premises by the end of 2017. Ministers hope to get ¡ê20m in EU aid, and raise ¡ê37m by investing their share of BT's profits from new customers. Skills and Science Minister Julie James said: "We know there is more to do ... to bring faster broadband to those final hard-to-reach areas." Welsh Conservative economy spokesman Russell George welcomed the announcement, after AMs criticised the roll-out in a Tory-led Senedd debate on Wednesday. "Recent history reveals a record of over-promising and under-delivering," he said. "Many communities are either still waiting for access or have not been incentivised to use a service that's now available to them. "It's vital that lessons are learned, and that this money is used effectively to improve broadband connectivity across Wales." During the debate, Plaid Cymru AM Dai Lloyd criticised the take-up rate, saying fewer than a third of premises capable of receiving the service had signed up for it.

Question: Up to ¡ê 80 m will be spent to ensure every @placeholder in Wales can access superfast broadband in a new scheme .


Assistant general secretary Simon Weller said it was hoping to reopen talks with managers, but the mandate for a strike ballot was still valid. "We could put strike dates on if we wish but it is not where we want to be. "I see no reason why we can't achieve a negotiated settlement that's acceptable to all our members," he told the BBC. Aslef has been in dispute with Southern's parent company, Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR), over driver-only operated (DOO) trains. Live: More on this story and other news from Sussex Why is there a Southern rail strike? The dispute centres on Southern's decision to turn guards into on-board supervisors. In this role they would no longer be responsible for opening and closing carriage doors - this duty would become the responsibility of the driver. Union members rejected an agreement on Thursday, negotiated by their leaders with the help of the TUC, which would have enabled Southern to run trains without a guard or on-board supervisor under certain circumstances. Mr Weller said drivers were generally "very unhappy with the way that they felt this had been steam-rollered through". He conceded: "Obviously we got it wrong. We're a democratic organisation... and our members had a clear view on it. "We got it wrong and I don't see that as a big problem... we just have to get it right again." On Thursday, GTR said it was "saddened and hugely disappointed" with the ballot result and would be seeking to meet the union as soon as possible. The dispute began in April when conductors - who are members of the RMT union - first took industrial action. Aslef members then walked out over the plans in December, leading to the cancellation of all Southern services. The RMT held separate talks with Southern managers earlier this week, which broke down without an agreement after three hours. On Wednesday, it announced further industrial action, saying conductors would walk out for 24 hours next Wednesday.

Question: Further strike action by drivers on Southern rail remains a possibility after union members rejected a @placeholder to end their dispute , Aslef has said .


The People's Energy promises to return profits to its customers in a more transparent, ethical way of working. However, energy analysts warn it is a difficult market and other small suppliers have failed in the past. David Pike and Karin Sode, from Gullane, said the firm would give 75% of profits back to customers. One year on after being set up with support from crowdfunding, the People's Energy Company has received its licence from Ofgem. It can start registering customers now to supply gas and electricity across Britain from August. One energy analyst has warned there are risks especially when wholesale energy prices rise. Mr Sode, said: "The vision for People's Energy is to have over one million customers, all of whom are in control of their gas and electricity and getting a percentage of the company's profits back. "Our company is about putting trust back into the market, currently there is very little. We want our customers to know that we have their best interests at heart and that with us they will have a say in how the company is run." Mrs Sode said: "Energy comes from natural resources that should belong to us all, not private entities. We are absolutely passionate about returning ownership of this natural resource to consumers." To date the duo has raised over ?¡ê450,000 on Crowdfunder from the pledges of 2,000 supporters. People's Energy will start providing energy from the beginning of August. David Hunter, Schneider Electric director of market studies, said: "When the wholesale markets are volatile particularly when they start to rise after a period of decreases then there have been cases of independent suppliers like GB Energy supply going to the wall and that ultimately means you need to find a new supplier. "So you should be aware of the risks, especially if your talking about getting free shares in the company."

Question: An East Lothian couple who , tired of the Big Six energy providers , set up their own gas and electricity company have begun @placeholder up customers .


At the same event in 2013, three people were killed and 260 injured when two bombs exploded near the finish line. The sportswear giant admitted its choice of words had been "insensitive" and said it was "incredibly sorry" for sending the document. At least two survivors from the attack four years ago are known to have participated in this year's race. Adidas, the official sponsor of the Boston Marathon, sent out the marketing email which contained the subject line, "Congrats, you survived the Boston Marathon!" It is thought all of the runners who signed up for the 26.2 mile (42km) race received the document. It did not take long for the email to be shared via social media where it was widely criticised. In a statement, Adidas said the annual race "is one of the most inspirational sporting events in the world" and a reminder "of the hope and resiliency of the running community". Security checks were carried out before this year's race with police sniffer dogs and armed officers stationed throughout the course. In 2015, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was found guilty of being behind the attacks and was sentenced to the death penalty. Tsarnaev and his elder brother, Tamerlan, planted bombs close to the finish line. The older brother was killed in a shootout with police. Dzhokar Tsarnaev, then 19, fled the same shootout but was captured a day later, after being found hiding in a boat in the backyard of a house nearby. The brothers had been living in the Massachusetts town of Cambridge, home of the prestigious Harvard University.

Question: Adidas has apologised for sending an email @placeholder runners who had " survived " the 2017 Boston Marathon .


Soviet cosmonauts went into space carrying a triple barrel TP-82 capable of 40 rounds. It begs the question: "What were they planning to shoot?" The gun, made in the shape of a large pistol, had two shotgun barrels side by side at the top and a rifled barrel underneath. It had more than just firing capability - the pistol grip was slotted at the bottom where a specially-designed machete was stashed. Ammunition included shells with a red signal flare. As it happens, the arsenal was not destined to see off marauding space-pirates, but was deemed necessary after 1965, when cosmonauts landing on Earth were stranded in the Ural Mountains and needed to keep bears and wolves at bay. To be fair, not just any old dirt. It was dirt from the pitcher's mound at the Yankee Stadium in New York City. Astronaut and Yankees fan Garrett Reisman took a vial of it with him on board the space shuttle Endeavour in 2008. In April that year, he threw a ceremonial first pitch of a Yankees game from the International Space Station. Travelling at 17,500mph (about 28,000km/h), it was what aficionados of the game call "a fast ball". Ronald McNair became the first person to play a musical instrument in outer space, when he tootled on his saxophone on board the Challenger in 1984. Zero gravity allowed him to float around while playing his instrument, like a jazzy bee. Although possibly not the first thing that springs to mind when considering what to despatch into space, NASA sent sea urchin sperm and eggs. It turned out sperm does not like being whirled around in microgravity (mG), and small changes in gravitational forces affect the ability of sperm to fertilize eggs. A 2001 report concluded that although human reproduction in space was "not an immediate concern, sperm function in mG is of importance for the production of food, such as fish, during extended space flight". A favourite salad staple of the middle classes, rocket is to be sent into space with Tim Peake. (His Stoke City flag - which he agreed to take into space after a campaign by a lifelong Potters fan was one of the items sent in a capsule ahead of the astronaut on 3 December.) Seeds of the appropriately named plant will be flown to the International Space Station and, after several months on board, they will return to Earth and be sent to thousands of UK schools. The aim is to get school children involved in space biology. And salad. Rumours that quinoa, extra-virgin olive oil and artisan bread will be next on the list are so far unsubstantiated. Space is believed to be one of the few places in the universe not bespattered with international coffee shop chains, so a specially designed coffee machine was sent to the Italian astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti. She has to drink her coffee in a bag through a straw to stop it floating around. The ashes of Star Trek actor James Doohan, who died aged 85, were sent into space at his request following those of series creator Gene Roddenberry. If you fancy sending the ashes of a loved one into space - what is being termed as a "space burial" - various companies offer the service. It costs about ¡ê10,000 to send a gram of ashes into deep space for eternity. The price drops to about ¡ê900 if you send them for a quick whizz into zero gravity and back. Ardbeg Distillery sent unmatured malt whisky into space in 2011 to study the effect of near-zero gravity on flavour. Another vial of the same whisky was kept at the distillery for comparison - and experts reported the space samples tasted and smelled "noticeably different". It is to be hoped the whisky samples were not confused with the similarly-coloured recycled urine samples astronauts drink - although that would explain the difference in flavour and odour. A tandoori lamb chop was sent into space in 2014 - not a faddy new way of cooking but an elaborate publicity stunt by author Nikesh Shukla to promote his book Meatscape. The chop was helpfully attached to a fork, but unhelpfully there was no knife. Masterchef contestants should take note - it looked a little dry. A bunch of students proved they certainly do not have too much time on their hands - by tying a rubber duck to a weather balloon and sending it into space. Astroduck's flight was organised by the at the University of York's astronomy society as a way of encouraging people to get involved in scientific research. It reached a height of approximately 19 miles (30km) before parachuting back to earth and becoming lost on the North York Moors. Tickets for the Arsenal v Aston Villa match-up at Wembley in May 2015 fell from the sky into the hands of Gunners fan George Lamb. The FA launched a meteorological balloon with the tickets attached from the north-west London stadium "to finish the off-pitch adventure" leading to an "out-of-this-world match". Arsenal won an extremely one-sided encounter 4-0. Buzz Aldrin, an elder at his Presbyterian Church in Texas, took a consecrated Communion wafer and a small vial of Communion wine with him when he visited the Moon. In a 1970 edition of faith magazine Guideposts he said: "I poured the wine into the chalice our church had given me. "In the one-sixth gravity of the moon the wine curled slowly and gracefully up the side of the cup. It was interesting to think that the very first liquid ever poured on the Moon, and the first food eaten there, were Communion elements."

Question: When British astronaut Tim Peake blasts off from the International Space Station later this month , one of his few worldly - and rather bizarre - possessions will be a Stoke City flag . BBC News takes a look at some of the other oddities - the weird and wonderful @placeholder that have journeyed into space .


South Wales Police was called to Trem-Y-Cwm House flats in Beddau, Rhondda Cynon Taff, at about 13:00 GMT on Tuesday. The man, who has not been identified, was wrapped up but not buried. Det Supt Paul Hurley said the "priority" was to identify the man. A post-mortem examination will be carried out on Wednesday to determine the cause of death. Det Supt Hurley added: "We would appeal for anyone who has concerns for the welfare of a male friend, relative or neighbour who has, uncharacteristically, not been seen or heard from in a number of weeks to get in touch with us." Police are continuing house-to-house inquiries and a cordon outside flats 54 to 57 remains in place. Forensic officers have been to the scene with a white police tent erected at the side of the flats. Nearby residents said they were shocked by the news. Mother-of-two Andrea Phillips, 61, said: "Everyone is stunned to hear there's been a murder. A lot of elderly and disabled people live in those flats. God forbid it's someone from there. "It's awful news to hear really. It's a shock. I don't think it's quite sunk in yet." An elderly woman living in a flat nearby, who did not want to be named, said:  "It's awful to look out of my window and to think someone's body has been lying there."

Question: Human remains which @placeholder the launch of a murder probe were found wrapped in plastic in the garden of a block of flats , police have revealed .


The England captain apologised over "inappropriate" pictures of him at a wedding at the England team hotel during the international break. Rooney said his treatment showed "a lack of respect". "It feels as if the media are trying to write my obituary and I won't let that happen," he added. Speaking after he came off the bench for Manchester United in their draw with Arsenal at Old Trafford on Saturday, the 31-year-old claimed: "What's been going on is disgraceful. "I love playing for my country and I am proud of my achievements to date - but I have not finished yet." Media playback is not supported on this device The Sun published images on Monday which it said showed Rooney drunk at a party late on Saturday night - a day after England's World Cup qualifying win over Scotland. England players are to be banned by the Football Association from having nights out while on international duty. The FA is looking into claims several players were out until late on the same night Saturday night - less than three days before they drew 2-2 with Spain in a friendly. Speaking on Match of the Day, former England striker Ian Wright said: "I'm a big fan of Wayne's and he's been getting this for the past three or four years. It has been building and building. "I'm pleased he's coming out with something like this. It is like he is fighting back. Fight back Wayne." Ex-England captain Alan Shearer added: "All he has ever been is committed and available. If he was given the night off and he chose to stay in the hotel and have a few drinks then I don't think there's anything wrong with that. "If he was told to go to bed by the manager and chose not to then he has undermined the manager and has to face the consequences." Stoke midfielder and Scotland international Charlie Adam said on MOTD 2 Extra: "I totally agree with Rooney, he is spot on. He is the captain of his country and been one of the top players for a number of years. OK, he has had a drink, so what? "He has been in the hotel and tried to do the right thing because he is a professional. England staff were there too. "We have all been there on an international. We would meet up on a Sunday and we would have a one or two drinks before bed because we have all been playing at the weekend. It would never happen in the week. They have had a game, it is finished, they got back to the hotel and had a couple of drinks. What is wrong with that?"

Question: Manchester United striker Wayne Rooney says reaction to his late - night @placeholder on England duty has been " disgraceful " and has vowed he is " not finished yet " .


Research published in the journal Nature has shown that vaccinated monkeys can clear Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infection from their bodies. It was effective in nine of the 16 monkeys that were inoculated. The US scientists say they now want to use a similar approach to test a vaccine for HIV in humans. Prof Louis Picker, from the Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute at Oregon Health and Science University, said: "It's always tough to claim eradication - there could always be a cell which we didn't analyse that has the virus in it. But for the most part, with very stringent criteria... there was no virus left in the body of these monkeys." The research team looked at an aggressive form of virus called SIVmac239, which is up to 100 times more deadly than HIV. Infected monkeys usually die within two years, but in some inoculated primates the virus did not take hold. The vaccine is based on another virus called cytomegalovirus (CMV), which belongs to the herpes family. It used the infectious power of CMV to sweep throughout the body. But instead of causing disease, it has been modified to spur the immune system into action to fight off the SIV molecules. "It maintains an armed force, that patrols all the tissues of the body, all the time, indefinitely," explained Prof Picker. The researchers gave rhesus macaque monkeys the vaccine, and then exposed them to SIV. They found that at first the infection began to establish and spread. But then the monkeys' bodies started to respond, searching out and destroying all signs of the virus. Of the monkeys that successfully responded to the vaccine, they were still clear of infection between one-and-a-half and three years later. Prof Picker said his team was still trying to work out why the vaccination worked in only about half of the monkeys. "It could be the fact that SIV is so pathogenic that this is the best you are ever going to get. "There is a battle going on, and half the time the vaccine wins and half the time it doesn't," he said. The researchers are now testing the vaccine to see if it can be used after SIV exposure to treat and potentially cure infected monkeys. They also want to see if the technique could work in humans. Prof Picker said: "In order to make a human version we have to make sure it is absolutely safe. "We have now engineered a CMV virus which generates the same immune response but has been attenuated [modified to lose its virulence] to the point where we think it is unequivocally safe." This would first have to pass through the regulatory authorities, but if it does, he said he hoped to start the first clinical trials in humans in the next two years. Commenting on the research, Dr Andrew Freedman, from Cardiff University School of Medicine, said: "This suggests that prophylactic vaccines -  vaccines designed to prevent infection - using CMV vectors may be a promising approach for HIV. "While they may not prevent the initial infection, they might lead to subsequent clearance, rather than the establishment of chronic infection."

Question: A vaccine for the monkey @placeholder of HIV appears to eradicate the virus , a study suggests .


The young woman was attacked in the car park of a fast food outlet after she had defended two teenage girls who were reportedly being harassed. She fell into a coma and died of her injuries on her 23rd birthday. Sanel Masovic told the court he was very sorry for what he had done. "I never thought she would die," he said. Mr Masovic is on trial in a juvenile court, accused of bodily harm with fatal consequences. On Friday he told the court he had slapped her round the head and she fell. "I can't imagine the pain and suffering I inflicted on her family," he said. Following her death Tugce Albayrak - who was of Turkish descent - was praised as a role model by German President Joachim Gauck.

Question: The 18 - year - old accused of causing the death of student teacher Tugce Albayrak in 2014 has @placeholder at his trial in Darmstadt as he admitted hitting her .