If such a rich lunch gets stuck in your gnashers, you'll be pleased to know there are plenty of Methodists on hand to remove your teeth. And if by this point you've had enough of the bus, fly home in style on a wide-boiled aircraft. But whatever you do, please remember that when you land at the airport, eating the carpet is strictly prohibited. No, I haven't gone mad. These are all real-world examples of howlers by auto-translation software. Joking aside, poor translations can have big implications for firms who run the risk of offending customers and losing business, or at least looking very amateurish. Yet we keep being promised that machine learning and natural language processing will soon make flawless, near-instantaneous translation a reality. So how long will businesses have to wait? In January, Skype rolled out its real-time translation software, which allows voice-to-voice translation in seven languages. But even this hi-tech development was not without its teething problems, randomly turning Mandarin words into obscenities on one occasion. The glitch was spotted by photographer Tom Carter who was in China shooting a Skype commercial and had been using it to speak to people in Mandarin. When he said: "It's nice to talk to you" to a local scout in Yangshuo, Skype translated it into a very offensive stream of swear words. The issue was blamed on how the Great Firewall - China's way of censoring the web - had interrupted the Skype conversation. Translation programs, such as Google Translate, have traditionally been built around phrase-based statistical machine translation. This works by analysing a back catalogue of texts that have already been translated - such as academic papers and glossaries. It analyses them in parallel in both their original and target languages, then uses statistical probabilities to select the most appropriate translation. Its effectiveness depends greatly on the quality of the original language samples and it's prone to mistakes, often sounding clunky and mechanical. For this reason, Alan Packer, director of engineering language technology at Facebook, said recently that statistical machine translation was reaching "the end of its natural life". Instead, translation tech is now moving towards artificial neural networks. These are structured similarly to the human brain and use complex algorithms to select and use the appropriate translation. But rather than just translate the words, a neural network can learn metaphors and the meaning behind the language, allowing it to select a translation that means the same thing to a different culture, rather than a direct literal translation which may in some cases cause offence. Facebook, which carries out up to two billion translations a day in 40 languages, plans to roll out such a system later this year. Search giant Google, too - which now offers 103 languages covering 99% of the online population - is also reported to be working on switching its translation service over to neural networks. But it has not said publicly how soon it plans to make that transition. But before you think auto-translation is on the verge of perfection, think again. Professor Philipp Koehn, a computer scientist and expert in translation technology at the University of Edinburgh, tells the BBC there is still some way to go. "There are very hard problems with semantics and knowledge representation that have to be solved first, and that we are not close to solving," he says. "The main challenges are when there is less explicit information in the source language than what is needed for generating proper target language." For example, Chinese doesn't have the equivalent use of plurals, verb tenses, or pronouns as in English, which makes exact translation very difficult, he says. And English doesn't use gendered nouns, which makes things tricky when translating into languages that do, such as French, Italian and German. Until these challenges are overcome, mistranslations are likely to continue, whether that's Chinese bus routes changing Sichuan Normal University Campus Station to The University Jackie Chan Campus Station, or restaurant owners calling their establishments "Translate Server Error". Although translation technology may be improving rapidly, the cost of failure is potentially huge, so many businesses are unwilling to put their faith in it entirely. Clem Chambers is chief executive of ADVFN, a global stocks and shares information website that covers over 70 stock exchanges around the globe. He says: "For us, when it comes to creating geographic and language-targeted websites, nothing beats having native speakers who actually have a thorough understanding of the financial markets. "Translation tech has come a long way and can provide good literal translations, but what we need is something that really speaks the language of the local end user, with all the subtleties and colloquialisms specific to their country." In other words, translation tech has its uses, but rely on it entirely at your peril. Follow Technology of Business editor @matthew_wall on Twitter Click here for more Technology of Business features

Question: Imagine a far @placeholder land where you can catch a ride from the Jackie Chan bus stop to a restaurant called Translate Server Error , and enjoy a hearty feast of children sandwiches and wife cake all washed down with some evil water .


Some journalists say they dislike conducting vox pop interviews. Myself, I love them. They are frequently a salutary reminder of what really matters to voters and, more significantly, what does not. I have carried out vox pops in umpteen locations across Scotland, with varying success. I still bear the scars of trying to ask folk in Stornoway about religion - and folk in Thurso about nuclear energy. But, more often than not, the experience is highly positive. It was thus during the referendum, in particular. I recall an occasion in Glasgow's Sauchiehall Street when one kind lady opted to drum up trade for me by inviting pedestrians to stop and listen. I had a similar experience in the City Square in the great and noble city of Dundee. They formed a polite queue to offer their views on the telly. The referendum, of course, energised politics like never before and, possibly, since. However, in the Edinburgh Beer Factory, I found more than a touch of that energy had returned to the debate. The topic? Tax. There was drollery, naturally. What tax measure did they favour in a brewery? Complete abolition of the tax on beer, of course. But there was thoroughly engaged argument too. They had thought, seriously and in detail, about the sundry offers on tax. I encountered talk, avid talk, about the possible penny increase on all rates, proposed by Labour and the Liberal Democrats. I heard reflected back to me the argument that folk in Scotland should not pay more at all than folk in England: that position courtesy of the Conservatives. I heard discussion of the SNP position, the reversal of the Chancellor's effective cut for higher earners, achieved by altering the threshold for Scotland. And of the Labour plan to increase the very top rate from 45p to 50p. There was a complete absence of zealotry. A delightful lack of minds firmly made up. These were big decisions, to be taken carefully. Production only started at this small craft brewery last summer. They are all keenly aware that their success rests with the state of their market, mainly Scotland initially, with ambitions elsewhere. That means the state of the economy really counts. That means tax and spending really matter. The choices to be taken at this election are critically important. See the main articles on this site for details of the poll. But I was struck by two characteristics among my informal brewery focus group. They wanted product, discernible product. That view was expressed more than once - and tended to draw nods of assent. Eight questions on tax, council tax and welfare (plus mean score) All figures are mean scores based on answers provided between one and 10. One means the policy should never be put in place, and 10 means that it is very important and should be put in place quickly.

Question: So there I was , touring a brewery . Ok , ok , stop sniggering at the back . And , before you ask , I was n't there to @placeholder anything - other than some reaction to our opinion poll on priorities for the Scottish election .


The government's target is one million new homes by 2020; the argument being that more supply will bring down prices. But the head of one of the UK's largest housebuilders, Berkeley Homes, says the target may be missed. Radical change will be required to raise the current new-build rate above 170,000 per year, says Rob Perrins. When I asked him if the target would be hit, his answer was emphatic. "The answer is no, and surprisingly the answer is not due to planning," he said. "There have been some very good reforms in planning over the past few years. [However] there are three reasons why they will not hit the target. "Firstly, there is not enough land ready for development. "Secondly, the UK has the highest property taxation in the world. And it acts as a disincentive to build and [for people to] move. "And thirdly, I don't believe it is a top three political issue. And there is nothing more important for those under 30 than resolving the housing crisis," Mr Perrins added. He said the government should take the issue as seriously as funding the National Health Service. I interviewed Mr Perrins on the Kidbrooke estate in south-east London, where Berkeley Homes is building 4,500 new homes - 1,500 of which will be cheaper "affordable" homes. The Kidbrooke estate is Britain's housing crisis in microcosm. In the 1960s, the area was called the Ferrier Estate, a depressing jungle of pre-cast concrete that had fallen into disrepair. In the 1990s, the local council, Greenwich - which Mr Perrins describes as one of the best when it comes to backing housing development - starting planning to redevelop the site. It took 10 years to achieve a "development agreement" for the area, signed in 2007. There are 800 "conditions" attached to the planning permission, from the type of building materials used, to the type of energy supply needed, to the type of facilities - such as a new school and health centre - that will be provided. All might be very necessary, but all slow down the system. The final houses will not be completed until 2030 - more than 30 years after the council first earmarked the area for redevelopment. Building homes in the UK is a glacial business. "The real issue in my view is getting land ready for development," Mr Perrins said. "It is also about infrastructure. It's about electricity. It's about gas. It's about adjoining land permissions. It's about all the infrastructure issues around getting land ready, and there are an awful lot of those." There are, of course, many other reasons put forward for the chronic shortage of new homes in the UK. One is that housebuilders deliberately constrain supply to keep prices - and their profits - high. The government is considering bringing in financial sanctions for housebuilders that do not develop land quickly enough. That policy proposal could be fleshed out in a housing White Paper to be published before Christmas. Mr Perrins dismissed this criticism of housebuilders, saying that companies like his were ready to build. "We take huge risks getting sites like this [Kidbrooke] ready for development," he said. "It's hugely complicated and we take those risks over a number of years. "It also requires an awful lot of capital. Sites like this require over ?¡ê200m of capital to bring them forward," he pointed out. Returns need to be good to keep shareholders - which include many people's pension funds - satisfied. "You mustn't bring in policies that are a disincentive to bringing house [building] forward," Mr Perrins said about any government action on fining companies that do not build new homes quickly enough. "The government owns 40% of the land in the UK; they have enough of their own land to solve the housing crisis," he added. With Number 10 and the Treasury both saying that new housebuilding is a priority, the government department responsible for delivering on housing policy - communities and local government - is under scrutiny. The housing minister, Gavin Barwell, told me he "didn't agree" the one million new homes target by 2020 would definitely be missed. "I certainly accept that at the current rate we are not going to hit it, so we need to raise our game," he said. "But I think if you look in both our own past and if you look to some of our near neighbours, it is possible to build the number of homes we need in this country and it is my job, working with my boss Sajid Javid [the Communities and Local Government Secretary] to make sure we do it," the minister added. "How?" is the question governments have been asked for decades, ever since the 1960s and 1970s when house building was a public and private affair, with 100,000 council houses a year adding to the number built by private developers. "I think if there was a simple answer to that question, someone would have solved the problem already," Mr Barwell said. "I think there is a combination of things. In some parts of the country we are not releasing enough land into the system. "Then often people get planning permission, but it takes too long to turn that into a home - you can't live in a planning permission. "We're too slow to get spades in the ground when we've got planning permission. "I think we are too dependent on a small number of large housebuilders, so we need to broaden the range of the people who are doing the building. "And then we need to make sure we've got enough people in the country who have got the skills to work in the industry," he said. Mrs May has been careful to avoid too many targets in her short time as prime minister. But she knows the "one million new homes by 2020" will be one for which voters can and will hold her accountable. Expect a flurry of government activity - on simplifying planning rules and promoting local authority building - by the end of the year.

Question: Theresa May put affordable housing at the heart of her " @placeholder " to voters when she became prime minister .


The 37-year-old Scot will replace ex-club captain Alex Rae, who leaves the role at the end of the season. Tunnah played as a hooker in Scotland before retiring in 2010, after serving a five-month suspension for failing a drugs test. "It will be great to be working at a fully professional club where there's a real aspiration to succeed," he said. Tunnah has coached in Australia since he stopped playing, spending some time working with ex-Australia flanker Jim Williams at National Rugby Championship side Greater Sydney Rams. Reds head coach Harvey Biljon added: "He has a big task ahead given our reputation for having a strong pack in recent seasons, but that's a challenge he's excited about and I see him rising to. "With a number of departures in May he has the opportunity to mould a new pack." Rae, meanwhile, has agreed a playing contract with Bedford Blues for next season. For the latest rugby union news follow @bbcrugbyunion on Twitter.

Question: Jersey Reds have appointed Australia - @placeholder Neil Tunnah as their new assistant coach for next season .


The sketchbook, created around 1907 when Spencer was a teenager, includes drawings of the landscape around his home town of Cookham, Berkshire. It also images of mermaids, witches and characters from fairy tales. The previously unpublished book will feature in the Hepworth Wakefield's summer exhibition of Spencer's work. Stanley Spencer: Of Angels and Dirt runs from 24 June to 15 October and coincides with the 125th anniversary of the English artist's birth. Eleanor Clayton, curator at the Hepworth Wakefield, said she had come across the sketchbook while researching the exhibition at the Spencer family home in London. She said the "detailed depictions of local flora and fauna" and its insights into the young artist's "eccentric imagination" made for a "fascinating" exhibit. John Spencer, Stanley Spencer's grandson, said it was "a privilege" to work with the gallery on "this celebration of his life and art".

Question: An unpublished sketchbook @placeholder the earliest known drawings by artist Stanley Spencer and a short story is to go on display in West Yorkshire .


The ruling follows last month's move by the government to suspend all activities of the Wefaq National Islamic Society. Funds will be transferred to Bahrain's government, al-Arabiya TV said. Wefaq has helped lead pro-democracy protests in the country since 2011. That February, demonstrators took to the streets to demand greater political rights and an end to discrimination against the Shia majority. The following month, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa brought in troops from neighbouring Sunni-led Gulf states to restore order and crush dissent. The unrest left at least 30 civilians and five policemen dead. Opposition activists say dozens of people have been killed in ongoing clashes between protesters and security forces, while bomb attacks blamed on Iran-backed militants have killed a number of police officers. Last month the justice ministry said it had filed a request with a court to suspend Wefaq to "safeguard the security of the kingdom" . The government also stripped the kingdom's most prominent Shia cleric, Sheikh Isa Qassim, of his citizenship, accusing him of using his position to "serve foreign interests" and promote "sectarianism and violence". Wefaq is Bahrain's largest legally recognised opposition political society, it says it advocates non-violent activism. Last month, an appeal court more than doubled the prison sentence of Wefaq's secretary-general from four years to nine, overturning a trial court's decision to acquit Sheikh Salman of advocating the overthrow of the government by force. Human Rights Watch said there was strong evidence that his trial was unfair and that two of the charges on which he was convicted violated his right to freedom of expression.

Question: A court in Bahrain has ordered the Sunni Muslim - ruled country 's leading Shia opposition group @placeholder and its assets seized , reports say .


The Reverend Michael Pfleger told mourners it was "a new low for Chicago" and that the city "has to face itself". Police believe members of a rival gang lured Tyshawn away from a park near his grandmother's home and shot him. Officers have called the crime "unfathomable" and are offering rewards for anyone with leads on the suspects. His small red casket arrived at St Sabina's Church on Chicago's South Side, where the city's mayor, Rahm Emanuel was among those paying their respects. Police say Tyshawn's death can be attributed to two gangs fighting and retaliating against one another for months. The Faith Community of St Sabina has raised at least $54,000 (?¡ê35,000) in reward money. Tyshawn's father Pierre Stokes told ABC7 in Chicago his son's death had nothing to do with gang affiliations and is frustrated the police are focusing on him. "I don't want to harm nobody, I just want to see justice for my son by seeing the person who did it - whoever did it - locked up. That's all I ever want," he told ABC7.

Question: Funeral services have been held in Chicago for nine - year - old Tyshawn Lee , who police say was @placeholder for his father 's gang affiliations .


The art deco building had a ¡ê4.2m refurbishment in 2013, reopening with a cinema, cafe and gallery. But the cinema closed in March, while the pavilion closed three days a week, prompting campaigns for them to reopen. Prof Tony Hazell, of Penarth Arts and Crafts Ltd (PACL), which runs it, said the pavilion had not been run in a sustainable way. He said his team had opened on "full throttle" in December 2013, running the landmark building on the Victorian pier seven days a week, 12 hours a day, 362 days a year. "It probably wouldn't be sustainable on a commercial basis, let alone a charity one," he added. Mr Hazell said the decision to close the cinema - the only one on a pier in the UK - was taken after figures from previous years showed it did not attract as many visitors in the summer months. In addition, the cafe was closed on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays because it was not making enough money to cover costs. But after reviewing the business and receiving ¡ê126,000 in lottery money, he said the pavilion and its cafe would reopen either five or six days a week from the middle of the summer. It will probably remain closed every Monday. He also said the cinema would welcome visitors again from September "if not before". "We are now looking for new ideas about how to raise more revenue," he said. "At the end of the day, this building is run as a charity and people don't really donate as much to a building as they might to an animal charity. "We only have a small team of paid staff and we rely a lot on volunteers. But, yes, we will survive." However, campaigner Andrew Jones, 52, who started a petition to reopen the cinema - signed so far by more than 1,700 people - said he did not have faith in PACL. "There has been a complete wall of silence in Penarth from PACL," said Mr Jones, who lives in Penarth. "The cinema shut down very suddenly, with just a notice put on their website, which not many people saw," he added. "I certainly don't believe cinema attendances fell that much in the summer." Vale of Glamorgan council, which runs the pier and leased the pavilion to PACL for 125 years on a peppercorn rate, said it had "provided significant amounts of both financial and professional" support to the charity. It gave ¡ê800,000 towards the renovations - in addition to money from the Heritage Lottery Fun - and a ¡ê100,000 grant in its first year of trading to help support the group. "Since this grant came to an end professional support has been provided by the council to help PACL improve their approach to business planning and financial management," a spokesman added. "Having supported them to such an extent the council is keen to see the organisation flourish and to continue to provide facilities that we know are greatly valued by the local community." Penarth Pier opened in 1895 and was voted pier of the year in 2014 by in a poll by the National Piers Society (NPS).

Question: Fears over the future of the @placeholder Penarth Pier Pavilion are unfounded , the charity running it has said .


But the day after the Scottish fighter died, having sustained severe bleeding and swelling to his brain in a British title eliminator on Thursday, boxing gyms would have been full across the country. "Tragic news about Mike Towell," they would have said, before savagely assaulting a heavy bag. On Saturday, professional boxing shows took place in Buxton, Manchester, Stoke, London and the former Yorkshire pit village of Denaby Main. In Glasgow, where Towell's final prize fight took place, 22 men climbed between the ropes at the Bellahouston Leisure Centre. Some won, some lost, some had their senses scrambled. But none was there against his will. Abolitionists argue that such people should be saved from themselves. And if you were to build a utopia, boxing would surely not be a part of it. But anyone who reads the newspapers or watches the news will know that utopia is not imminent. And, anyway, how utopian is restricting a person's choice? I didn't know Towell but I have met many men like him. The typical boxer is diffident, far removed from the lazy stereotype of the snarling bully. But the typical boxer - or at least the typical boxer who has tasted success in the ring - will also speak of an addictive, sometimes pathological, need to fight. This need isn't necessarily financial. Carl Froch, one of the most determined boxers Britain has ever produced, studied sports science at Loughborough University. Welshman Nathan Cleverly, who became a two-time world champion on Saturday, has a degree in maths. They were never the desperate street urchins or would-be criminals of so much boxing fiction. Had they so desired, Froch could have been a physio and Cleverly a high-school teacher. However, it is true that boxing has diverted many aimless souls down a path towards self-improvement and dignity. The best grassroots boxing trainers don't just know their way around a ring, they are social workers, fathers and mothers. Perhaps if there were more wholesome alternatives for kids in our more deprived areas - such as swimming pools, tennis courts and velodromes - boxing's lure would be weaker. But even if there were, there would still be plenty of kids drawn to the baser thrill of testing their courage in combat. But what of those who revel in the sight of two men or women punching each other in the head? And what does it say about us that when boxing is at its most compelling, it is also at its most dangerous, when we know exactly how dangerous it can be? Michael Watson, who was punched into a coma by Chris Eubank Sr in 1991 and suffered life-changing injuries as a result, summed it up like this: "It's what people love to see. It's human nature. No different to seeing dogs fight." An abolitionist might suggest that those watching the Towell fight would, in a civilised world, have been accessories to manslaughter. And the thought that a man was battered half to death while the audience laughed and drank Champagne is, at the least, discomfiting. Furthermore, the oft-repeated argument that more people die or suffer serious injuries while racing cars or motorbikes or riding horses is naive. In all of these sports death or serious injury is, for the most part, entirely accidental. The argument that death or serious injury is entirely accidental in boxing, whose participants set out to rattle each other's brains, is far more difficult to sustain. Which is not to apportion any blame to Towell's last opponent, Welshman Dale Evans. Towell, like Evans, knew the risks when he stepped into that ring. And Towell, like Evans, needed to be there. But when men like Towell die because of boxing, the sport becomes difficult to defend. Perhaps it means boxing people are uncivilised, which is something we just have to live with. No amount of medical provision can stop the sport of boxing from being a threat to life. But in a tolerant society, which is what we profess to have built in this country, any thought of abolition should be resisted. Watson still loved boxing enough to be ringside when Nigel Benn fought Gerald McClellan in 1995. That night, McClellan suffered permanent brain damage and was also left blind, confined to a wheelchair and requiring round-the-clock care. And Watson still loved boxing afterwards, because he knew better than almost anyone that boxing gives back more to society than it takes. Talk to former boxers and they will complain of headaches, numb jaws, arthritic fingers and unreliable memories. And in the next sentence they will tell you that they might have not have discovered that path towards self-improvement and dignity had they not found boxing at the crossroads. Ask a fighter the question: "Where would you be if you hadn't found boxing?" And don't be surprised if the answer is: "Dead or in prison." Quite often, boxing fiction is rooted in cold, hard facts. For many young people, boxing allows them to be somebody in society, rather than lead an inconsequential life of desperation. And for many young people, the idea of slowly dying behind a desk is as nonsensical as risking life in the ring. In 1980, Johnny Owen died from his injuries after challenging for the world bantamweight title. Reflecting on his compatriot's passing, Welsh boxing great Eddie Thomas said: "It broke my heart to see Johnny lying in his coffin and made me feel that boxing isn't worth the candle. But there is something mysterious that keeps drawing you back." In truth, there is nothing mysterious about it. Some people like to box and other people like to watch them box. If heaven exists and it is just how Mike Towell imagined it, he is probably boxing right now.

Question: You might think the fact that Mike Towell 's @placeholder battle took place on an operating table rather than in a ring would cause even boxing 's most ardent supporters to question its legitimacy as a sport , perhaps even its existence .


Drugs smuggler Terrence Earle was spotted in Amsterdam as the crew filmed the new Fugitives series on BBC One. Earle and his brother Michael, from Merseyside, had tried to smuggle ?¡ê500,000 of drugs into south Wales before going on the run in 2015. They were jailed for three years in July 2016 at Cardiff Crown Court. Detectives with the Welsh Regional Organised Crime Unit first received a tip-off about a shipment of cannabis resin leaving Merseyside for south Wales in early 2015. A lorry carrying 179kg of the drug was stopped on the A449 dual carriageway near Newport and the driver was arrested. Inquiries suggested the Earle brothers were responsible for organising the shipment on behalf of drug gangs in the north west of England and south Wales. As part of their investigation, detectives went to Liverpool in August 2015 and carried out a series of dawn raids. Det Insp Julian Bull, of the Regional Organised Crime Unit, said: "There was only going to be one outcome for me and that was success. Unfortunatelya€| my worst dreams came true. They'd gone on the run." He turned to the public for help and in November 2015 an appeal was made on the BBC's Crimewatch programme. He said: "We had a number of calls. One call in particular pointed us to the fact that the Earle brothers may well be overseas, in particular in Holland." A year after the drugs bust, a BBC crew was filming in Amsterdam with Dutch police for the Fugitives series. A Dutch police lieutenant who was being filmed told the programme: "While we give the interview, three men pass the camera and one of our crew, one of the police officers, thought he recognised somebody who is wanted by the British police. "We break the interview and we follow that guy." Officers approached a car containing the men and suspicions were raised as one of them was not carrying identification. Checks then confirmed that he was in fact Terrence Earle. Michael Earle, the youngest brother, was thought to be in Spain and three months later was in custody, having tried to travel through Madrid airport. "It's the old adage within my world that we only have to be lucky once, they have to be lucky all the time, and it's true when it comes to both Terrence and Michael Earle," added DI Bull. "They probably felt they were untouchable but unfortunately for them they weren't."

Question: One of Wales ' most wanted criminals was @placeholder after he blundered into BBC cameras filming in the Netherlands .


In May 2005, he left his job as a tourist guide in Vietnam and was one month into a new life with his British girlfriend in London. It was the end of a long period of travel - he had visited Latin America, Africa, Australia, Cambodia and Vietnam, the country his parents had fled to escape the Communists - after he left his bank job in New York in 2001. It was during the final 18 months, when he worked as a tour guide for Intrepid Travel in Cambodia and Vietnam, that he met and fell in love with English colleague Rosie Cowan. She had returned to London in January 2005 to work for Intrepid Travel, and Mr Matsushita had promised to follow her. When he arrived, months later, they found a place to live together in Islington, London, and travelled to Holland and Spain together before Mr Matsushita started a new job in IT recruitment. In a statement read out at the inquest five years after his death, his father, David Matsushita, said: "Rosie has told me that, on the morning of 7 July, the fourth day of his new job, Minh put on his suit and tie, told her he loved her and left for work [on the Piccadilly Line]." He said the last time he had seen his son was on 31 May 2005, when Mr Matsushita had stopped in New York to see family and friends and celebrate his 37th birthday on his way to London. "We dropped him off at the airport, gave him a big hug and a kiss and wished him luck finding a job in London. "He was nervous as he had not seen Rosie for nearly three months after visiting her in London in early March. After reaching London this time, he sent us an e-mail which read as follows: "'So Rosie met me at the airport and things could not be better. As soon as she saw my lovely big head and crazy hair, she just melted in my arms and all is good'," he told the inquest. When Mr Matsushita was reported missing, David and Mr Matsushita's mother, Muoi, and his childhood friend David Golovner, flew to London and searched hospitals for him. But police confirmed his death from identification found at the scene. Mr Matsushita's biological father was a South Vietnamese soldier who died during the Vietnam War. His mother, also Vietnamese, then met US aid worker David Matsushita, who adopted the boy and moved to New York after the war. A funeral and cremation service for Mr Matsushita was held in London on 20 July 2005, with a further memorial service in New York on 30 July 2005. In lieu of flowers, his parents and Rosie requested people made donations to the Intrepid foundation: Indochina Children's Fund for Mike - a charity set up in his honour to support needy children in Cambodia and Vietnam. Intrepid Travel has pledged to match all donations and pay administrative costs. Mr Golovner said his friend always showed a keen interest in bringing people of different cultures together. And his work as a tour guide emphasised this, as he took Western travellers to local orphanages. Mr Golovner said: "He had a huge passion for life. As a friend, he was my brother. As a person, he was a resident of the world. He had the ability to see the wonder in everything." David Matsushita said: "Minh is much missed by everyone who knew him, but he had a positive attitude and would not wish us to grieve."

Question: Vietnamese - born and New York - @placeholder , Mike Matsushita had only recently moved to London because of love .


Lilias Adie, a poor woman who confessed to being a witch and having sex with the devil, died in prison before she could be tried, sentenced and burned. So they buried her deep in the sticky, sopping wet mud of the foreshore - between the high tide and low tide mark - and they put a heavy flat stone over her. But why? In previous cases, people wanted rid of dead witches as cheaply as possible - dumping them naked in pits at the foot of the gallows. Why go to such bother to bury Lilias? One possibility is that Lilias killed herself. Right up to the 19th Century suicide victims were buried this way on the shore, outside consecrated ground. This seems strange and barbaric to us now, but it was believed that suicide was a terrible crime against God, inspired by the devil. Worse, it was believed people who died in this way were in danger of becoming revenants - corpses of bad people who had died a bad death, who then came back from the grave to torment the living. This has a strange and terrible relevance to witchcraft. Demonologists believed that such walking corpses were real and possessed by the devil, who animated them to do things like have sex with witches. Lilias herself had confessed publicly to having sex with the devil. All her friends and neighbours would have believed this was done by the devil putting on such a decaying corpse, just taken from its grave, to copulate with her. Folk belief said that certain bodies were much more likely to do this - executed people, suicides, witches. So now you see the problem, whichever way you look it Lilias is either (a) a suicide or (b) a witch, and even worse (c) possibly both. She was not only given the burial common for suicides but the large stone was placed over her, another folk remedy for revenants, to weigh them down so they can't get up and come back. After they buried her, the good folk of Torryburn must have breathed a contented sigh of relief like scientists entombing nuclear waste. They had made Lilias safe for the centuries, or so they believed. Unfortunately they hadn't made Lilias safe from them. By the 19th Century beliefs had changed, and some enterprising locals dug up Lilias to sell bits of her to the local antiquarians. Their biggest prize, her skull, went to St Andrews University Museum where it was photographed more than 100 years ago. You can still see the photographs today in National Library of Scotland - showing that poor Lilias, who was probably in her 70s when she died, had extremely prominent buck teeth. But sometime in the 20th Century the skull went missing and all inquiries to trace it have so far failed. So what's left on that lonely beach? Our programme went to take a look for the stone - armed with 19th Century descriptions of the area that mentioned "the great stone doorstep that lies over the rifled grave of Lilly Eadie", and a rock with "the remains of an iron ring". In the small group of rocks near the railway bridge, we found a seaweed-covered stone which fitted the doorstep description. Fife archaeologist Douglas Speirs, who examined and cleaned it, confirmed the slab was not natural to the beach but quarried and deliberately placed there. It had in its middle a small dimple which might have been mistaken as the socket for an iron ring. This, we think, is Lillias's stone, but is there anything left of Lilias there? Speirs pointed out that 19th Century curiosity-seekers were unlikely to have lifted the entire body. In the days when "reading someone's bumps on the head" was thought to be science, the skull was the thing. Maybe a few other bits were taken too, but it's unlikely that the whole body went. And if parts of her are left, the preservation in the area is excellent, she is unlikely to have rotted away. Without archaeological investigation, no-one can know for sure, but it's likely that this is the only known witch's grave of its type in Scotland and that parts of Lilias are still in there. The Walking Dead is on BBC Radio Scotland at 13:30 on Wednesday 29 October.

Question: Back in 1704 , in Torryburn on the south @placeholder Fife coast , they had a problem disposing of toxic material - it was what you might call a toxic witch problem .


The Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) at the University of St Andrews will conduct the three-year study. Marine scientists will attach telemetry tags harmlessly to the fur at the back of the heads of a number of seals. The scientists said the tags were lightweight and would drop off when the seals moulted. The marine tags, which work in a similar way to smartphones, will use technology to send vital information from the seal when it surfaces or beaches directly back to SMRU for analysis. The technology, provided by Vodafone, is the same as that which is found in new cars, heart monitors and smart meters. Data will be gathered on a seals' location, dive behaviour and its oceanic environment. The study by SMRU is being carried out at the request of the Scottish government and Scottish Natural Heritage which have concerns for the future survival of harbour seals in areas of Scotland. Harbour seals - one of two seal species in the UK - have declined in numbers by up to 90% in some areas in and around the north and east coast of Scotland, including Orkney, since 2000. Professor John Baxter, marine principal adviser at Scottish Natural Heritage said: "This exciting, collaborative study is vital to help us to better understand the drivers of population change in Scottish harbour seals, and to evaluate the potential conservation and management options open to us." SMRU's deputy director Dr Bernie McConnell said: "Over the last 15 years, many of the harbour seal populations in the Northern Isles and on the north and east coasts of Scotland have been declining. "Marine data collected during this project on Orkney will help to assess the causes, management and mitigation options in relation to the harbour seals decline and to prioritise future research directions."

Question: Orkney seals are to @placeholder mobile smartphone technology as part of a study into population decline in the area .


That's what it's like to have a specific language impairment in your own language, says Gina Conti-Ramsden, professor of child language and learning from the University of Manchester. "These children aren't mute. They can talk - but it's a hidden disability," she says. "They can't understand what is said all the time and they find it difficult to put words together, and to express themselves." Most children with SLIs have quite severe language problems and can spend at least 50% of their education in specialist language units, staffed by specialist teachers and speech therapists, rather than mainstream schools. The aim is to enable them to go back into mainstream primary or secondary school, and that they can achieve a level of language which allows them to function in society, get a job and lead a normal life as an adult. Prof Conti-Ramsden's current research project is concerned with finding out what happens to such children as adults. Ross Watson, 25, forms part of her study - the largest of its kind in the UK. He spent most of his primary education in a speech and language unit, returning to mainstream education in Year 6. He remembers it as a tough time in his life. "They didn't help much to begin with. There was a lot of mickey-taking from the other kids. And I got frustrated and upset because I couldn't do things. "I didn't understand why they made me do music lessons when it would have been better to do extra English instead." In the end, Ross got nine GCSEs, impressing himself and his teachers with a C in French and a D in English. But he is honest about how his language impairment has affected him. He has always found it hard to put sentences together, he finds himself getting edgy in new situations and uncomfortable when he has to communicate with people, particularly face to face. "Talking on the phone is easier in some ways because I can't see facial expressions, which makes it worse to communicate because I'm always wondering what they're thinking." He says he can't work out when people are being sarcastic, which has led to lots of awkward situations in the past - and he suffers from short-term memory loss. "I'm still forgetful. I forget to call people back a lot. I have to write it down to remember. And I still find reading hard. I have to use a highlighter pen. "And in a group situation I don't say things first. I don't like to say anything too early in case I've misunderstood something." However, Ross has come a long way since he was a "very quiet boy in the classroom" who had trouble finding his voice. He went on to do a course in mechanical engineering at college and now works as a quality inspector of machine parts. In between he spent six years on an apprenticeship at a major defence company. But not everyone is as lucky as him. Afasic, the charity which supports children and parents with speech, language and communication needs, says 6% of children starting school have some degree of speech or language difficulty. Around one in 500 are thought to have a serious long-term problem. Picking it up early is important, says Alison Huneke, helpline manager at Afasic. "There's more time to address it if it's picked up at this stage and then the child has less experience of failing and losing ground. "But some schools are good at recognising these problems and some aren't." In fairness, she says it isn't always easy to recognise a specific language impairment. While in some children it will be obvious, others may need a speech and language assessment first - and it is possible it could be misdiagnosed. As we grow up language is fundamental to virtually everything we do, says Prof Conti-Ramsden, and problems with it can be linked to issues which develop later in life, like anxiety and depression. The worst-case scenario is that children with specific language impairments become young offenders, since around half of this group of people are thought to have language problems. Although young people with SLIs look normal, they can suffer from loneliness, struggle to form close friendships and grow up dependent on their parents. Employment is also hard to secure. But as an adult it is also possible to focus on the things you enjoy and are good at, much more so than at school. There are lots of things that Ross still doesn't find easy, such as writing reports, talking on the phone, detecting sarcasm and speaking to his boss, but he believes he acquired an inner strength from his early years of intensive speech and language therapy. This, he says, makes him quietly confident that he has the skills to compete with the brightest and best in society.

Question: Imagine listening to a foreign language you are not familiar with all day . It would be tiring and confusing . You would miss important @placeholder and you 'd have to work very hard to understand what people were saying .


So if tracing the cost of your bank account is as complex as strands of spaghetti, are other countries any better at untangling the mess? Are their banking charges lower - or at least clearer - and are consumers happier? The Competition and Markets Authority has announced an extension of its inquiry into the current account market. The competition watchdog said that more time was needed for the industry and consumer groups to consider its new proposals on softening the impact of overdraft charges on bank customers. Suggestions include a "monthly maximum charge", an upper limit on combined interest, daily charges and unpaid item fees. This would not be a regulated cap but set by individual banks. There would be expanded use of grace periods, to allow customers time to top up their account and avoid overdraft fees. Imminent overdraft alerts would be provided as a standard service. Warnings would be sent out by text, email and within apps to tell people that they are about to incur overdraft charges. Under the proposals, banks would not be able to include arranged overdrafts in the amount of "available funds" which they tell customers they can use. A final decision will be made in August. The plans were immediately criticised by consumer group Which?. It said prompts were not enough, and that tougher rules should be set. "The regulator should use this further extension of their inquiry to bring forward stronger solutions to tackle unfair charges and ensure banks are held to account for how they treat their customers," said Which? executive director, Richard Lloyd. So, do other countries do banking any better than us Brits? Along with a cafe serving pastis - and a boulangerie, of course - every small town in France has at least one bank. But unlike the UK's free-if-in-credit model, in France you will pay to use a bank, whether you are in credit or not. You will pay a monthly fee to have a current account; you will pay to have a debit or credit card; and you will pay to use a cash-point if it is outside your local region, or if you are using another bank. Credit Agricole, one of France's largest providers of current accounts, publishes no less than twelve pages of its charges, not counting overdraft rates. While such charges may look pricey to British eyes, they may actually offer much better value - depending on your spending habits. "When you look at France, the fees for a missed payment, the fee for sending you a letter, and the overdraft fees are far, far, far lower than in the UK," says Gareth Lodge, an analyst with the US consultancy firm Celent. But whether you get better value in France varies according to what sort of customer you are. "If you don't use a card particularly, if you've got very few bills, it probably works out more expensive in France than in the UK," says Lodge. "If you are using an overdraft a lot more, then that might balance out." But consumer groups in France are just as frustrated about bank charges as their equivalents in the UK. The fees may look more transparent, but the campaign group CLVC wants greater accountability. For example, it argues that transaction fees should accurately reflect the actual cost of processing, say, an ATM payment. CLVC has also calculated that the average cost of the most basic account in France, including a debit card, is around ¡ê50 a year. In a 2016 survey, it said that just 57% of those questioned would recommend their bank to someone else - although overall 72% were happy with their provider. The number of people switching accounts in the UK continues to fall, much to the disappointment of the government and regulators. So are they any better at switching abroad? For its long-running study on bank accounts, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) looked at the example of the Netherlands, a market they said was comparable to the UK. On average, it found that Dutch consumers pay an average of ¡ê53 a year for their accounts. Yet, against expectation, that doesn't make them any keener to switch. In a survey local regulators found that 73% of bank customers had never switched at all. The same could be true in many other countries too. "I have no proof, but my guess from understanding how the US market works, and how the Dutch and Spanish markets work, is that there's far less switching in other countries," says Gareth Lodge. "Particularly in the USA and Spain, it's very much your local branch. You stick with it, and you go where your parents went." However, others suggest that competition is much more lively in France. "In the French market, there's significantly higher switching," says John Lyons, the retail and commercial banking leader at PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). But that, he says, is because most of the mainstream banks have developed better value internet brands. "Those digital-only subsidiaries tend not to charge as much as the standard banks. So what you see is a migration from the traditional banks to the internet-only accounts." British banks, take note. Why consumers get a raw deal from internet banking If you thought banking sounded expensive in Europe, it can be even pricier in the US. Most banks charge a monthly fee of up to ¡ê10, unless you have a healthy balance sitting in your account. The Bank of America, for example, charges just under ¡ê100 a year, unless you maintain a positive balance of ¡ê1,028, or you pay in at least ¡ê171 every month. Some in the US banking industry are therefore amazed by the UK's free-if-in-credit model. "When Americans hear about the UK market, they think it must be ultra-competitive - which is the opposite of what the CMA thinks," says Lodge. But most US banks operate at a state level. If you try to cash a cheque "out of state", for example, you're likely to be met with a shake of the head. And backward though it may seem to Europeans, most Americans are still paid by cheque. In fact, no less than two-thirds of all the cheques written in the world are written in the USA. "It's a different model," says John Lyons. "They have far more regional banks, which are locally-orientated. Generally they are behind." So which country offers the best value to consumers? One piece of research into this was done in 2006 by the consultancy Oxera. Not only is it relatively historic, but it was also commissioned by the British Bankers' Association, an organisation always keen to talk up the value provided by UK banks. But some analysts believe it still provides useful information. In all five categories - students, young professionals, low-income families, median-income families and pensioners - the UK came in the top three for value as far as current accounts are concerned. Australia, Canada and Italy provided the worst value. But experts agree that the UK model is only a good deal in comparison to other countries if you stay in credit. "If you get free banking, and you utilise it mainly for free transactions, I think you get exceptional value," says John Lyons. "If you're part of the segment that relies on other products that banks use to cross-subsidise those costs, you could argue you're not getting good value." As long as you don't think "free" banking is actually free, the deal for prudent consumers in the UK may not be quite so bad, after all.

Question: In this @placeholder , we have heard how free banking in the UK has been labelled " a misleading con-trick " , how customers bewildered by the range of accounts on offer refuse to switch , and how UK consumers get a raw deal should they choose to bank on the internet .


The work and pensions secretary said he would like to see a trial scheme in Manchester rolled out nationwide after it was given "very strong feedback". The Trussell Trust, which operates food banks, says the facilities were used more than one million times in 2014-15. It welcomed closer co-operation but said talks were needed over the feasibility of the job adviser idea. Speaking at a meeting of the Commons Work and Pensions Select Committee, Mr Duncan Smith said: "I am trialling at the moment a job adviser situating themselves in the food bank for the time that the food bank is open and we are already getting very strong feedback about that." If the trial was successful and other food banks are willing, he said he would like to roll it out across the UK. Robert Devereux, the most senior civil servant in the Department for Work and Pensions, told the MPs staff were in the food bank one day a week with phonelines available at other times. Claimants are given advice on how to receive welfare payments as well as finding work, he said. The advisers involved in the trial had found that food bank users tended to be more interested in where they might find work than in simply resolving issues with their benefits, he added. As a result, the advisers were teaming up with local job clubs to point people towards vacancies. Frank Field, the Labour MP who chairs the committee, called it a "good reform" and said he believed the sooner it could be rolled out the better. But Labour's welfare spokesman Owen Smith said it showed the "grim reality" that emergency food aid had become an established part of the welfare system. "Under the Tories, food bank use has risen exponentially," he said. "This is in no small part due to the secretary of state's incompetent and callous running of the DWP. "It is of course important that people are able to better access advice and support from DWP staff. However, the fact that Iain Duncan Smith is so relaxed about extreme food poverty that he has allowed it to become an accepted element of the national planning for the DWP is deeply worrying." And the UK Independence Party accused the government of "lifting" the policy from its election manifesto, in which it pledged to send 800 advisers into food banks to help users with employment, legal, financial and health matters. "Just funding DWP advisers in job centres won't tackle these kind of underlying problems that prevent people working," said Suzanne Evans, who co-ordinated the manifesto. "Ideally, I'd prefer to see Iain Duncan Smith fully roll out UKIP's policy and appoint independent advisers who can tackle food bank users' problems at a number of levels. That will lead to better outcomes for them, their families, and for us all." The Trussell Trust said it applauded efforts to get food banks and Job Centres to work together. "We welcome the government's interest in exploring new ways that the DWP might help people at food banks who have hit crisis as a result of problems with welfare delivery," it said. "But we would also suggest that there first needs to be a dialogue between the DWP and The Trussell Trust network about the possible challenges and opportunities that hosting DWP advisers in foodbanks could afford. "The Trussell Trust has had positive discussions with some MPs about whether piloting DWP advisers in their local food banks could be beneficial, but we have not yet had the opportunity for dialogue with Iain Duncan Smith or DWP advisers about the feasibility of rolling out this idea."

Question: Job advisers are @placeholder to be placed in food banks across the country , Iain Duncan Smith has told MPs.


Part of the University of Chester, the first courses are expected to start at University Centre Shrewsbury in September 2015. The plans have been backed by Shropshire Council, and its Guildhall, in Frankwell, has been identified as the main site for teaching. Proposals for the building will go before full council for approval next week. The local authority said part of the Guildhall was already empty and it could be made available from 1 January. It said any council staff, including customer services, would move to other buildings. The former reference library on Castle Gates has also been identified for use as the university's library. Rowley's House in the town is already being used as a base for the University of Chester and the first post graduate students are due to move in over the next few weeks. The council said Frankwell and Abbey Foregate car parks had been ruled out as immediate options for new student accommodation, partly due to the risk of flooding. Instead, accommodation will be handled by a private contractor until long-term plans are made. The undergraduate curriculum is going through the final stages of authorisation, while Shropshire council said the name University Centre Shrewsbury had been agreed after discussions with the government. Initially catering for 400 students, council leader Keith Barrow said it was expected to ultimately increase to 2,000 and could provide about ¡ê60m a year for the local economy. The council said it hoped the university would ultimately become self-governing and independent of the University of Chester.

Question: A @placeholder has been put forward for a new university in Shrewsbury .


The 26-year-old, understood to be from Scotland, was found dead in the village of  Kuttanen in Finland on Saturday. Lapland Police said her 36-year-old Czech boyfriend fled on a dog sled and a manhunt was launched involving snow scooters and a helicopter. The man was found a few hours later in the wilderness, in temperatures of -30C, and taken to hospital. After treatment he was taken into police custody on suspicion of killing the woman. The couple were seasonal workers in the area which is very close to the border with Sweden. The woman, who has not been named, was employed by Santa Safari, which works with Oxford-based tour operator Transun Travel to organise Christmas-themed excursions in Lapland. A spokesperson for Santa Safari said: "We are deeply saddened to confirm that a member of the Santa Safari team was discovered dead on the 3rd December. "We are all in shock from this tragic news and our thoughts go out to her family. "Our team is working closely with the Finnish Police and relevant authorities to support the investigation that is now under way. "It goes without saying that we will do everything we can to support the family and our staff at this incredibly difficult time." A Police Scotland spokesman said: "Police Scotland have been contacted by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office regarding the death of a British national in Finland and will continue to assist them as required." A spokeswoman for the Foreign Office said: "We are supporting the family of a British national who died in Finland on 3 December." Travel operator Transun posted a message on its Facebook page saying that some of its tours could be disrupted as a result of the Finnish police investigation. It said: "We are deeply saddened to confirm that a member of staff working for our overseas supplier Santa Safari was discovered dead on the 3rd December. "The thoughts of everyone at Transun go out to the family, friends and the Santa Safari team. We will do everything we can to support them at this difficult time."

Question: A British woman working for a Santa Safari tour company has been @placeholder to death in Lapland .


Or maybe it's part and parcel of a deliberately creative ambiguity fostered by both London and Dublin in which the spectator is invited to read whatever he or she wants into a President and a Queen standing, heads bowed, before the undeniably impressive Children of Lir statue at Dublin's Garden of Remembrance. At a briefing given by the Foreign Secretary William Hague and the Irish Foreign Minister Eamon Gilmore, Channel Four's Gary Gibbon invited the politicians to share the interpretation that the joint appearance at the Garden was "a moment of contrition". However the ministers weren't going there - it was "a hugely significant event", full of "huge symbolism" and an "important statement about our history and our future". But "contrition"? Well that would be in the eye of the beholder. I asked the Foreign Secretary if it would be appropriate for the Queen to apologise for past British misdeeds in Ireland when she addresses guests at tomorrow night's state banquet. Mr Hague responded that Britain and Ireland weren't "glossing over the past". This visit was about recognising the events of the past and showing how both states were moving together into the future. "That's the way to treat it rather than talking about apologies", Mr Hague concluded. So - if that's anything to go by - expect a carefully crafted speech but something which stops short of a direct apology. Mr Hague also avoided any promises on issues like revealing official records on the Dublin Monaghan bombings. It's something he says he's prepared to discuss, but he cited legal difficulties and constraints under the European Convention on Human Rights. Both governments are much keener to talk about the future - the potential for further trade between partners who already do business worth one billion Euros a week. Eamon Gilmore went so far as to suggest that the visit will put not just the history of the troubles in the past, but show Ireland was moving on from its  "recent economic history" and rebuilding its reputation. Nice thought, although it's maybe a bit optimistic to talk about the crash as history just yet. Both governments will be pleased that the Gardai were able to contain the inevitable protests - and that the visit has made the requisite visual impact. In the sweep of British and Irish history, it is "hugely symbolic", it does underline the progress that has been made in Northern Ireland and the shared hopes for a brighter future. Read more into it at your peril.

Question: " Hugely symbolic " . Probably the two most over used words to describe the Queen 's visit to the Irish Republic . I confess I myself have used the " s " word , and am struggling to find an alternative . Perhaps my struggle is evidence I lack the purple @placeholder gene .


Media reports identified the woman as 60-year-old Katherine Jane Wilson, also known as Kerry. Ms Wilson is the director of the NGO Zardozi, which helps poor women start their own businesses . Armed men in military-style uniforms took her from Zardozi's Jalalabad office, reports said. It is not known who is responsible or whether a ransom has been sought for her release. Ms Wilson's father Brian Wilson told the Australian Broadcasting Corp he was extremely worried about his daughter, who had been working in the region for 20 years. "I presume she's a hostage, and that they'll do their best to keep her alive and not harm her, simply because they want to have something or other in return and it's not very good having a dead hostage," Mr Wilson said. Australian Foreign Minister Julie Bishop said the government was working with Afghan authorities to locate Ms Wilson, but would not confirm any further details. Jalalabad is close to the border with Pakistan, in a region where militant groups are known to operate. In 2015 two German aid workers in Afghanistan with the development organisation GIZ were kidnapped in separate incidents. Both were eventually freed.

Question: An Australian aid worker has been abducted in the city of Jalalabad in Afghanistan 's @placeholder .


"Rodrigo was nurturing the dream of being a professional footballer. He had been born with a real talent and everyone in his family and his community knew that he was really good at football." The teenage boy described by outreach worker Antonio Carlos da Silva could be any of Brazil's football-mad youngsters. But Rodrigo Kelton had not just stood out in training sessions. At only 14, he had already overcome great odds to make it to that age alive. Rodrigo was one of the thousands of children born into hardship in the north-eastern state of Ceara, where according to official figures more than 133,000 people live on less than 70 reais ($30; ?¡ê18.50) a month. Born into deep poverty and drug addiction, Rodrigo was driven by severe social problems into a perilous existence on the streets of the state capital, Fortaleza. But according to Mr Silva, the outreach worker who first met Rodrigo living on the streets and persuaded him to move into a shelter in 2009, he was on the brink of turning his life around. "He was hoping to turn professional, so that he could help his mother get treatment for her drug addiction and buy her a house," Mr Silva recalls. Part of what helped him was being part of the Brazilian team competing in the Street Child World Cup, a global tournament that puts the spotlight on issues affecting street children. The tournament currently under way in Rio is the second such event to be held uniting teams of street children from 19 countries, four years after the inaugural competition in Durban. Bernardo Rosemeyer is the founder of O Pequeno Nazareno, a non-governmental organisation which runs the shelter into which Rodrigo moved aged nine. He says the prospect of competing in the Street Child World Cup instilled discipline in Rodrigo's life. "He had stopped taking drugs and was going to school as part of the conditions to play in the tournament," Mr Rosemeyer explains. "Being in the team was a light in his life. He was even getting on better with his mother who came to all the training sessions." But what happened to Team Brazil's best striker shortly before he was due to take part in the Cup reflects the bitter reality of children at the bottom of Brazil's society. In February, Rodrigo decided to move back to the favela, or shanty town, where his family lived. He liked a girl there and dismissed warnings by social workers about the risks of returning to the dangerous neighbourhood. As he left his home on the day of his 14th birthday with his older brother Raphael, the brothers were shot at by members of a drug gang in retaliation for an alleged robbery several years before. Rodrigo was killed and Raphael only survived because the gun had jammed. The news hit his team mates hard. "I told the players about his death when we all met up to take the bus to the training session," recalls Mr Silva. "At first, they did not believe me and thought I was lying. Then they all began to cry and to think about their strategies for survival in the communities where they live." At Rodrigo's funeral, it was his team mates who carried his coffin. On the day before their first match, they gathered in a small chapel to remember the teenager who could not make the journey with them from the streets of Fortaleza to Rio to represent their country. Goalkeeper Pedro Levi, a 15-year-old who also lived on the streets of Fortaleza before moving into a shelter, says Rodrigo has left a gaping hole in the team: "He was a great player. The best thing about him was his leadership, he would bring the whole team together. Pedro says the team is determined to bring the trophy home "for Rodrigo". Before their first match against Egypt, the players observed a minute's silence in Rodrigo's honour. Team mate Diego Rocha, 14, held a portrait of Rodrigo as Rio's Archbishop, Dom Orani Tempesta, and a former captain of Brazil's national team, Gilberto Silva, watched. Rodrigo's team went on to beat Egypt 4-0. But their victory felt bittersweet. "We dedicate this match to the memory of Rodrigo," Diego said. The team is determined that Rodrigo will not be forgotten and plan to keep displaying his portrait as they progress through the tournament to Sunday's final. But the reality for Brazil's 23,000 street children is anything but rosy. Gang and drug violence remain endemic in poor communities. In Rodrigo's home state of Ceara alone, there were 4,462 murders in 2013. Murders of street children routinely go unpunished and there has been no investigation into Rodrigo's death. Team mate Vinicius Marcos, 14, knows any of the 300 children believed to live on the streets of Fortaleza could easily run the same fate as Rodrigo. So his hope for his former team mate is a simple one: "I hope God has him in a good place."

Question: The brutal killing of a promising teenage street footballer has concentrated @placeholder in Brazil ahead of the World Cup this summer .


"He's ahead - and his score is way ahead of my pace," said Nicklaus, almost five months older than McIlroy when he won his first major in 1962. "I think this kid's going to have a great career - I don't think there's any question about it." Compatriot Graeme McDowell added: "He's potentially the next Tiger Woods." Some of the sport's biggest names have been paying tribute to the brightest youngster on the circuit. "It was obviously an unbelievable performance. I thought he played just fantastic golf. It is so great to see a nice young man play well, to do well. "We are all aware that he has been there before, but he showed that he learned from his mistakes, and he showed that he knew how to play the last two days with a big lead. Not only did Rory know how to play with a big lead, he played it confidently, played it smartly, and he never put himself in position to be in trouble. "He's humble when he needs to be humble and confident when he needs to be confident. I like his moxie - he's cocksure and I like that. You've got to have that. "He obviously had a couple of disappointments at the Masters and last year's Open [McIlroy started 63-80 at St Andrews and finished with an 80 at Augusta], but I didn't think that was going to happen again and it hasn't." "I first heard about him when he shot that 61 at my home course in Portrush. "You hear rumours about people and good players come and go, but this kid was something a bit special. "It's great to see him out there fulfilling his potential. He's been like an accident waiting to happen. McIlroy's Masters meltdown might have gone down in history, but the coronation at Congressional could become the stuff of legend Read more of Rob's blog "He's been groomed to be a superstar and he'll handle it very well. It's not a monkey off his back, it's a gorilla. He could go on and do some big things. "He's probably the best driver of the ball I've ever seen. We nicknamed him the 'BMW' because he is the 'ultimate driving machine'. "Nothing this kid does ever surprises me. He's the best player I've ever seen. "I didn't have a chance to play with Tiger when he was in his real pomp, but this guy is the best I've ever seen, simple as that. "He's great for golf. He's a breath of fresh air for the game and perhaps we're ready for golf's next superstar and maybe Rory is it." "If you are going to talk about someone challenging Jack's record there's your man. "Winning majors at 22 with his talent - he would have 20 more years, so probably 100 more majors in him where he could be competitive. "It would give him a great chance. "Rory has proved in playing the majors so far that he is comfortable making the scores." "You can tell that Rory has had this type of talent in him for some time now, and to see him putting it together is pretty neat to see." "As I've said before, I think he has probably the most talent I've ever seen from a golfer. "It's lovely to watch him play, he has such a fluid motion and he hits it far." "Rory has always had the potential to play at this level. He's done a lot of work this year on his body. "We look at the swing a bit more often now to make sure the good swings are in place more often. "He's developing a level of consistency now that we haven't seen before." "The way he's playing out there, it's almost Tiger-esque. To have the lead that he has in the US Open is pretty ridiculous and at such a young age. "Obviously the next generation is starting to kick up now and he's the guy that's leading it." "He's got a lot of talent and he's only 22. He's got the world in front of him really. "His game looks flawless. His swing looks great. I think it looks just as good as when Tiger was in his prime and swinging at it at his best. You just don't see any flaws. "I think fundamentally he's as good as we've seen ever in my era, take Tiger Woods out of it. "When Tiger was going well, that's as good as I've ever seen. I think Rory is in that same boat. "His swing is mechanically sound, and he's got a great short game and he putts it well, and he's long. So he's got all the tools. So it's pretty impressive." "Rory has more talent in his pinky than I have in my whole body." "He's about 27 in golf years. He's very polished on experience. "I don't think we've seen a rookie come out with his composure and be ready to play on our Tour right away like he is." "What he's been doing is really something unbelievable. He's probably got one of the nicest swings in the world, if not the nicest. "It's been fantastic to watch what he's been doing in this tournament. In my opinion, right now he's playing at a different level to the rest. So for sure he is an inspiration. I admire him a lot."

Question: Golfing legend Jack Nicklaus @placeholder those hailing Rory McIlroy after the 22 - year - old re-wrote the record books in winning the US Open by eight shots .


Nivolumab was one of the drugs labelled a "milestone" therapy at a major cancer conference last month. It has been approved for lung cancer through the UK's Early Access to Medicines Scheme and has been given an EU license for melanoma. The drug has been shown to stop skin and lung cancers from progressing, in clinical trials. The immune system is a powerful defence against infection. However, there are many "brakes" built in to stop the system attacking its own tissues. Cancer - which is a corrupted version of healthy tissue - can take advantage of these brakes to evade assault from the immune system. Nivolumab takes the brakes off. One trial of nivolumab, alongside an already approved medicine ipilimumab, stopped melanoma advancing for nearly a year in 58% of patients. A separate trial in lung cancer showed the drug more than doubled survival times in some patients. The treatment has now been allowed in the UK for both skin and lung cancers. Gill Nuttall, from Melanoma UK, said: "There has been an alarming rise in the number of cases of melanoma in the UK over recent years. "Today's news is therefore very welcome as it provides more options for patients and the potential of better, longer survival."

Question: A @placeholder cancer drug that harnesses the power of the immune system has been approved for use in the UK .


The Pope said the gangsters were effectively "excommunicated" - or banished - in the eyes of the Church. Earlier, the Pope visited the jailed father of a three-year-old boy who had been killed in an apparent mob hit over an unpaid drug debt. The Pope has repeatedly spoken out against organised crime and corruption. His latest condemnation, delivered before a crowd of tens of thousands, described the 'Ndrangheta as the "adoration of evil and contempt of the common good". "Those who in their lives follow this path of evil, as mafiosi do, are not in communion with God," the Reuters news agency quoted him as saying. "They are excommunicated." The 'Ndrangheta is a network of clans in the "toe" of Italy that dominates the country's cocaine trade. It is one of the most powerful mafia organisations in Italy, along with the Sicilian Cosa Nostra and the Neapolitan Camorra. Earlier on Saturday, the Pope visited a prison to meet the jailed relatives of "Coco" Campolongo, a three-year-old boy who was killed along with his grandfather in an execution-style shooting in Calabria. "It must never again happen that a child suffers in this way," the Pope said. The Pope also met hundreds of other inmates at Castrovillari prison, many of whom are serving time for mafia-related crimes. The AFP news agency reports that many of the prisoners wept as the Pope greeted them.

Question: Pope Francis has condemned the mafia 's " adoration of evil " at a @placeholder in Calabria , the southern Italian base of the ' Ndrangheta crime syndicate .


Prince William placed the wreath at the police memorial at the National Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire. A hand-written note attached to the floral tribute read: "For PC Keith Palmer and all those who have served our community so valiantly; your legacy is our way of life. William." He was at the site to officially open its ?¡ê15.7m new Remembrance Centre. See more stories from across Stoke and Staffordshire here Prince William is a patron of the National Memorial Arboretum Appeal, which funded the construction of the centre, which opened in October 2016. During his visit he met with veterans, volunteers and school pupils and also unveiled a commemorative plaque. He also visited the centre's Landscapes of Life exhibition, which includes interactive activities and an audio guide for use around many of the site's memorials. In the programme for the event, he wrote: "This is a place for special memories, many of them sad, but hopefully, many of them happy too. "We all have an important job to do in keeping these memories alive for future generations and this new Remembrance Centre will play a significant role in that duty." The 150-acre (61 hectare) site contains more than 330 memorials dedicated to all the armed forces, emergency services and civilians.

Question: The Duke of Cambridge has paid tribute to London @placeholder victim PC Keith Palmer by laying a wreath in his honour .


The latest analysis from the Scottish ITEM Club - economists who independently apply the Treasury's economic model - point to the downsides. Last week, we heard from Scottish Engineering, the sector's trade body, a downbeat message that falling orders from the offshore sector are being felt far beyond the north-east, reaching into firms in the central belt. The latest analysis from the chief economist at the Scottish government suggests that the impact of the price fall may be neutral. That is, offshore oil and gas is suffering a loss of profitability, with less investment and fewer jobs: but businesses, drivers and householders who buy fuel rather than produce the stuff are enjoying lower prices, which look to them a bit like a tax cut. One question is which has the bigger impact. Another remaining question is whether the impacts will be felt at different times. In St Andrews House, Gary Gillespie is in agreement with recent forecasts of around 2.3% growth in the Scottish economy. The Scottish ITEM Club is slightly lower, at 2.2%, up by 0.2% points since its end-2014 forecast. The difference is hardly worth quibbling over. But what's striking is that puts Scotland significantly behind the growth rate expected by EY's ITEM Club for the UK as a whole, at 2.8%. The analysis goes further than that, suggesting Scotland is on schedule to lag the growth rate in the rest of the UK for a few years to come. Scotland and the UK have in common uncertainty around the eurozone and European Union membership. The EU referendum could also put pressure on sterling, by putting the trade deficit into starker relief, suggests the EY publication. Growth won't be helped by a sharp tightening in government spending. The Scottish economy and the wider UK benefit from very low interest rates. Inflation is now around zero and staying low over the next year, while real wages rise. So what makes Scotland different? Offshore oil and gas is an obvious candidate. Even if some think it has a neutral effect, the impact on the rest of the UK isn't weighted with the same downsides, proportionately. The wider economy ought to feel a positive effect. Immigration is helping fuel growth in parts of England, but it's less of a boost to Scotland. And when measured per head, to take account of higher population growth south of the border, recent growth in Scotland can be made to look better. The finance sector has been flat, stellar whisky exports figures have come down to earth, and despite the best efforts of the transport sector (for which, read Falkirk bus builders among a few others), manufacturing is not performing that well. Construction, which motored at a cracking 13% growth rate last year, is expected to fall back, though it still has the benefit of big public projects, from the Forth Replacement Crossing to Aberdeen's ring road and the M8 upgrade through Lanarkshire. Surveys of business confidence have been getting a bit gloomier in recent months, and retail spend is lagging well behind the rest of the country. That could be canny, instead of fuelling private debt even further, but shoppers are failing to do their patriotic duty to the economy in the short term. The employment picture looks healthy, given the scale of the recent downturn and the high jobless rates elsewhere in Europe. New jobs are being created, but nothing like as fast as in England. The net growth has been almost entirely in female employment over last year. That's been welcomed. But it suggests something's going wrong for men, without it being clear precisely what that is. As often noted, the quality of jobs remains a problem - zero hours, temporary, part-time, skills underused and many wanting to work more hours than they can get. And the ITEM Club returns to concerns that some sectors face skill shortages, which could push up pay for some without it being backed by higher productivity. All that said, it forecasts 25,000 more jobs this year, and 15,000 to 20,000 per year in the medium term. That's while the working age population shrinks by 10,000 per year (and the number drawing pensions increases). Overall, that means job opportunities for those who wish to keep working past 65. Scotland's population is on track to hit 5.4m in 2017, but as immigration is much stronger into England, the Scottish share of the UK total will slide from its present 8.2%. All this can be expected to have political implications. The case for Scottish independence has followed a twin-track argument that historic growth has been held back by being part of the union, yet this century, growth has matched the UK - suggesting that Scotland is strong enough to thrive without the union. If Scotland is returning to relatively weaker growth, the 56 SNP MPs at Westminster and the Scottish government may choose to tweak the latter argument towards the preceding complaint that Scotland's economy is faltering. They will surely prefer to argue that's down to Westminster rule and George Osborne's spending plans than for any of the blame to fall on Nicola Sturgeon's administration. But it could also put further pressure on them to choose which of the economic levers they're soon getting, and others they want, could and will be used to address these shortcomings.

Question: Nearly a year since the oil price @placeholder to fall and five months since it bottomed out , the benchmark barrel of Brent Crude remains volatile and we 're still not clear what impact it will have on the Scottish economy .


United have at least claimed the Capital One Cup and could reach the Champions League by winning the Europa League, with a semi-final against Celta Vigo to come. But Man City manager Guardiola has suffered the first trophy-less season of his managerial career after the FA Cup semi-final defeat by Arsenal. Both managers will be expected to fight for the Premier League title next season - so what areas must they address? Goalkeeper conundrum Guardiola's big decision on arrival was to send England goalkeeper Joe Hart packing to Torino on loan and sign Claudio Bravo from Barcelona in a ¡ê17.5m deal - a move that cannot be described as a success. In Guardiola's defence, 34-year-old Bravo had a fine reputation at Barcelona and had been impressive in helping Chile to win the Copa America as captain on home soil in 2015. Bravo, however, has looked uncertain, had spells out of the side and has not looked like the answer to City's goalkeeping dilemma. It was almost ironic that he sustained a calf injury against United as he confidently claimed a cross in a manner rarely seen this season. He has not even been convincing with the ball at his feet, something that was almost regarded as his unique selling point when replacing Hart. Willy Caballero is 35, and with no likelihood of Hart reviving his Manchester City career, Guardiola must decide whether to maintain faith in Bravo, very much his man and signing, or accept this move has failed and move on. Guardiola would be gambling if he sticks with Bravo, a goalkeeper who earned an unwanted reputation for not making saves. He may need to cast his net elsewhere as few teams win titles with an average goalkeeper. Age is Man City's defensive barrier Manchester City were reportedly linked with Tottenham's England right-back Kyle Walker before Thursday's derby and have also been mentioned in connection with his team-mate, left-back Danny Rose. The chances of signing both are highly unlikely but these positions look certain to be two areas of interest for Guardiola in the summer. City have talented defenders in those positions who have all been fine servants - but who are all much nearer the end of their careers than the beginning. Pablo Zabaleta has been a magnificent player for City but is now 32. Bacary Sagna is 34 while Gael Clichy and Aleksandar Kolarov are both 31. This is an area in urgent need of young blood and renewal. John Stones has had a tough introduction since his ¡ê47.5m move from Everton but has the quality to be a top-class City central defender for years to come. And the current return to form and fitness of inspirational captain Vincent Kompany - outstanding against Manchester United - is a welcome bonus. The 31-year-old can save City money in the markets should he stay fit, but the form of Nicolas Otamendi means Guardiola is likely to be looking for central defensive reinforcements. Former England forward Chris Waddle watched the Manchester derby as a BBC Sport pundit and said: "It is easy to see what the biggest thing is that needs to change for City to get closer to winning the title. Their defence. "That starts with the goalkeeper. Whether Pep Guardiola likes Bravo or not, I don't think he is the top-class keeper you need to win the league and neither is Caballero. "I know he wants someone there who can use the ball with his feet and play the way he wants, but he also has to be able to stop the ball from going in the net because they concede too many goals. "He also needs three defenders - a centre-back and two full-backs." Guardiola's team must get ruthless Manchester City - for a team of such enviable attacking riches - often suffer from a frustrating failure to make superiority count. It was seen, albeit with large slices of bad luck, in the FA Cup semi-final loss to Arsenal at Wembley and also against Manchester United, when they could not break through despite camping out in their half for almost the entire second period. In the league, City dominated at home to Spurs but drew 2-2 in January, and earlier in April they failed to build on dominance and an early Leroy Sane goal in a 2-2 draw at the Gunners. Guardiola must believe that with the likes of Sergio Aguero, with 30 goals in all competitions, and the creativity of Kevin de Bruyne, Sane, Raheem Sterling and the emerging brilliance of Gabriel Jesus to call on, this problem will eventually solve itself. David Silva is still an outstanding player and City will hope Ilkay Gundogan can build on his fine start once he recovers from a serious knee injury. The talent is there but Guardiola will know City simply cannot be as generous next season as they have been in this campaign. Keep De Gea or replace with world class? It's that time again - when United goalkeeper David de Gea is linked with a return to his native Spain with Real Madrid. De Gea's proposed ¡ê29m move to Real broke down in August 2015 but now the rumour mill is awash with talk it could be revived, although United would not even pick up the phone at the price agreed first time around. At 26, De Gea is not even at his peak with years of quality and improvement to come. He is already in the elite group of the world's best keepers. United will demand twice as much as that initial fee if any potential move is to get off the ground. United's preference would be to keep De Gea, who has maintained a superb level of consistency after he became accustomed to the demands of United and the Premier League following his ¡ê18.9m move from Atletico Madrid in June 2011. If he does leave, though, his importance means United can only move at the top end of the market for a replacement. Sergio Romero is a fine deputy but the Argentine is just that - a deputy. United could return to Atletico for 24-year-old Slovenian Jan Oblak, but being as though they are already linked with striker Antoine Griezmann, Atletico manager Diego Simeone is unlikely to want two prize assets presented to Old Trafford. United target Antoine Griezmann has scored 82 goals in 154 appearances for Atletico Madrid, hitting 25 or more each season. Another Slovenian, Inter Milan's 32-year-old Samir Handanovic, has a good reputation while AC Milan's brilliant 18-year-old Gianluigi Donnarumma is regarded as the world's best young keeper and is reportedly involved in contract negotiations with his club. United's preference will surely be to keep De Gea - but if he goes there must be a high-end replacement. Ditch the draws to find success One statistic stands out when it comes to analysing Manchester United's failure to mount a title challenge - 13 draws from 33 league games. United's run of 24 unbeaten league games stretching back to October should have them in the title mix with Chelsea and Spurs, but a lack of wins has sabotaged those ambitions. And nine of those have come at Old Trafford, with the likes of Stoke City, Burnley, West Ham United, Hull City, Bournemouth and West Bromwich Albion all leaving "The Theatre Of Dreams" unbeaten. The margins are fine and many of those games could and should have been wins, but Mourinho must find a way to cure a serious problem. Sprinkle stardust on Old Trafford Zlatan Ibrahimovic, at 35, has proved a magnificent, charismatic addition on a free transfer with 28 goals following his move from Paris St-Germain. Sadly, there must be doubts over his future after sustaining a serious knee injury in the Europa League quarter-final win against Anderlecht. Wayne Rooney, an unused substitute at Manchester City, is also surely coming to the end of his 251-goal Manchester United career at the end of the season. He is 31 and his time at United, stretching back to 2004, looks done. Mourinho has attacking resources in the exciting Marcus Rashford and Antony Martial, as well as goal threat from the likes of Henrikh Mkhitaryan. But he needs another a game-changing superstar to add gold dust and goals to raise United's level - and maybe stop those damaging draws. One man stands out as a potential target - 26-year-old Griezmann. The France striker would cost a fee in the region of the ¡ê89m it required to bring Paul Pogba from Juventus, and there must be questions about whether the he would even entertain a move to United if they were not in the Champions League next season. 'Let Manchester United off the leash' Is the fact United have drawn so many games a sign that Jose Mourinho applies the handbrake to his players? Waddle thinks so and told BBC Sport after the derby: "There is a reason they have drawn too many games. Next season, Mourinho has got to know when to be a little bit more attack-minded against certain teams. "It is against the lesser sides that United have struggled, and that is where Mourinho needs to change. He has got to have more players in his team who can open doors and score goals. "He might argue that his side dominate possession every time they play at Old Trafford without getting the rewards. "Mourinho is great at organising his teams against the top sides but he has to let them off the leash more if he wants to get results. Creativity is the hardest thing to bring to a team. "The way he sets up, his wide men are not luxury players - he wants them up and down that flank and it is hard work for a winger to do that all game, making 70, 80 yard runs all the time." City and United are locked in a battle for places in the league's top four - but managers of the pedigree of Guardiola and Mourinho must deliver more.

Question: Pep Guardiola and Jose Mourinho were brought to Etihad Stadium and Old Trafford this season to claim major titles - and the attritional goalless draw in Thursday 's Manchester derby leaves their hopes of Champions League qualification via league placing still in the @placeholder .


The index, the UK's leading measure of share prices, has been rising steadily since the middle December. It marks the eighth successive record high. The latest boost came from a 1% drop for the pound against the dollar. A weaker pound boosts the profits of the many multinational companies listed on the FTSE 100 when their foreign earnings are converted into pounds. The pound's sharp fall was provoked by comments on Brexit made on Sunday by the Prime Minister, Theresa May. She rejected the idea that the UK could "keep bits of membership" of the EU, raising the prospect of a so-called "hard Brexit". That sent the pound down against a broad range of currencies. The pound fell more than a cent, or 1%, against the dollar to $1.2170, and also dropped nearly 2% against the euro to €1.15. "The pound has dipped to its lowest level since October on Monday after Prime Minister May said on Sunday that we couldn't keep bits of the EU, fuelling fears of hard Brexit," said Kathleen Brooks, research director at City Index. "On Monday she said that she doesn't accept the terms 'hard' and 'soft' Brexit, and declined that her comments yesterday were a change of stance. This back-pedalling has done nothing to reverse the decline in the pound," she said. The biggest risers were Glencore, Randgold, BAT, Imperial Brands and Sage group. Bovis Homes shares were up 1.4% after the firm announced that its chief executive, David Ritchie, was to step down. Last month, the company warned that building delays in the run-up to Christmas would hit profits. Among individual shares, William Hill shares fell 1.6% after it warned profits would be at the low end of expectations. It said a run of "customer-friendly" results at the back end of last year in football and horse racing had cut profits by about ¡ê20m. As a result, operating profits for 2016 were about ¡ê260m, compared with previous guidance of ¡ê260m-¡ê280m.

Question: Share prices in London rose to a new record high point , with the FTSE 100 index closing 28 @placeholder up at 7,238 .


The two-month-old birds at Loch Arkaig in Lochaber are believed to be a male and a female. Woodland Trust Scotland has come up with the naming competition as part of its efforts to raise funds to buy Loch Arkaig Pine Forest. Forestry Commission Scotland is selling the woodland. Parts of the forest still bear the scars of a fire that broke out during commando training in World War Two. Scorched tree trunks still stand in the woods that in war-time formed part of a large area near Fort William used for secret training of Allied commandos. Woodland Trust Scotland is working with the group Arkaig Community Forest on the bid to purchase the woodland. The wood includes areas of ancient Caledonian forest, which provides habitat for birds such as Scottish crossbill.

Question: Members of the public have been invited to suggest names for two @placeholder eagle chicks that have hatched in a west Highland pine forest .