Similarly, one can find examples where in the African context, women are the primary producers in agriculture and this non-recognition of this fact has often led to the incongruous situation where strategies erm for change  modernisation programmes have erm been directed to me and this erm has meant often the kind of bias in extension services, in training services, has meant that the target group, that is the women towards whom you should really be aiming those programmes, has not  have not benefited, and this obviously has detrimental effects on your potential for increasing a casual output and for solving problems of increasing erm productivity and income for these women.