ating unprecedented opportunities for designing, monitor-ing, and evaluating policy decisions and for directing hu-manitarian efforts (Abelson, Varshney, and Sun 2014;Varshney et al. 2015). However, while rich countries arebeing ﬂooded with data, developing countries are suffer-ing from data drought. A new data divide is emerging, withhuge differences in the quantity and quality of data avail-able. For example, some countries have not taken a census indecades, and in the past ﬁve years an estimated 230 millionbirths have gone unrecorded (Independent Expert AdvisoryGroup Secretariat 2014). Even high-proﬁle initiatives suchas the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are affected(United Nations 2015). Progress based on poverty and infantmortality rate targets can be difﬁcult to track. Often, poverty