SparseMAML (SparseFoMAML). Overall, a deep learning model trained with instance norm(IN) layers trained with the standard MAML algorithm performed best for all the resultspresented in this work. We highlight best scores by fold face and, for DFC2020, we report onestandard deviation over ﬁve model runs with different query/support sets.COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01146-0 ARTICLE