title: معریفت بیلیمی
text: معریفت بیلیمی ( ؛ قدیم یونانجا:ἐπιστήμη — بیلیک,باجاریق و λόγος — علم)، فلسفه‌نین بیر بوداغی‌دیر. بۇ بیلیم تانیتیم، معریفت و مووجه اینانج‌لاری آراشدیریر. بو بیلیمده بیر بیلیمین دوغال یوخسا طبیعتی ، اصل و آماجی آراشدیریلیر.
  
  قایناقلار
  
   
   Ayer, Alfred Jules. 1936. Language, Truth, and Logic.
   BonJour, Laurence. 2002. Epistemology: Classic Problems and Contemporary Responses. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Bovens, Luc & Hartmann, Stephan. 2003. Bayesian Epistemology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Butchvarov, Panayot. 1970. The Concept of Knowledge. Evanston, Northwestern University Press.
   
   Cohen, Stewart. 1999. "Contextualism, Skepticism, and Reasons", in Tomberlin 1999.
   Dancy, Jonathan. 1991. An Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology (Second Edition). John Wiley & Sons. 
   
   DeRose, Keith. 1999. "Contextualism: An Explanation and Defense", in Greco and Sosa 1999.
   Descartes, Rene. 1641. Meditations on First Philosophy
   Feldman, Richard. 1999. "Contextualism and Skepticism", in Tomberlin 1999, pp. 91–114.
   Gettier, Edmund. 1963. "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", Analysis, Vol. 23, pp. 121–123. Online text.
   Greco, J. & Sosa, E. 1999. Blackwell Guide to Epistemology, Blackwell Publishing.
   Harris, Errol E. 1970. Hypothesis And Perception, George Allen and Unwin, London, Reprinted 2002 Routledge, London.
   
   Hay, Clare. 2008. The Theory of Knowledge: A Coursebook, The Lutterworth Press, Cambridge. 
   Hawthorne, John. 2005. "The Case for Closure", Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, Peter Sosa and Matthias Steup (ed.): 26–43.
   Hendricks, Vincent F. 2006. Mainstream and Formal Epistemology, New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Kant, Immanuel. 1781. Critique of Pure Reason.
   Keeton, Morris T. 1962. "Empiricism", in Dictionary of Philosophy, Dagobert D. Runes (ed.), Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ, pp. 89–90.
   Kirkham, Richard. 1984. "Does the Gettier Problem Rest on a Mistake?" Mind, 93.
   Klein, Peter. 1981. Certainty: a Refutation of Skepticism, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Kyburg, H.E. 1961. Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief, Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
   Korzybski, Alfred. 1994 (1933). Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics, Fifth Edition. Ft. Worth, TX: Institute of General Semantics.
   
   Morin, Edgar. 1986. La Méthode, Tome 3, La Connaissance de la connaissance (Method, 3rd volume : The knowledge of knowledge)
   Morton, Adam. 2002. A Guide Through the Theory of Knowledge (Third Edition) Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 
   Nelson, Quee. 2007. The Slightest Philosophy, Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Publishing, 296 pages.
   Niiniluoto, Ilkka. 2002. Critical Scientific Realism, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
   Plato. Meno.
   Popper, Karl R. 1972. Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
   Preyer, G./Siebelt, F./Ulfig, A. 1994. Language, Mind and Epistemology, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
   Russell, Bertrand. 1912. The Problems of Philosophy, New York: Oxford University Press.
   Russell, Bertrand. 1940. An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth, Nottingham: Spokesman Books.
   Santayana, George. 1923. Scepticism and Animal Faith, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons – London: Constable and Co.
   Spir, African. 1877. Denken und Wirklichkeit: Versuch einer Erneuerung der kritischen Philosophie (Thought and Reality: Attempt at a Renewal of Critical Philosophy), (Second Edition) Leipzig: J.G. Findel.
   
   Steup, Matthias. 2005. "Knowledge and Skepticism", Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, Peter Sosa and Matthias Steup (eds.): 1–13.
   Tomberlin, James (ed.). 1999. Philosophical Perspectives 13, Epistemology, Blackwell Publishing.
   
   Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1922. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Frank P. Ramsey and C.K. Ogden (trns.), Dover. Online text.
  
  ائشیک باغلانتیلار
  
  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy articles
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
  Encyclopedia Britannica
   Epistemology by Avrum Stroll and A.P. Martinich
  
  Other links
   The London Philosophy Study Guide  offers many suggestions on what to read, depending on the student's familiarity with the subject: Epistemology & Methodology 
   
   Knowledge-How at Philpapers
   
   What Is Epistemology? – a brief introduction to the topic by Keith DeRose.
   Justified True Belief and Critical Rationalism by Mathew Toll
   Epistemology Introduction, Part 1 and Part 2 by Paul Newall at the Galilean Library.
   Teaching Theory of Knowledge (1986) – Marjorie Clay (ed.), an electronic publication from The Council for Philosophical Studies.
   An Introduction to Epistemology by Paul Newall, aimed at beginners.
   
  
  فلسفه