title: Паранс революция
text: Паранс революция ялъуни КӀудияб паранс революция ( ) букӀана Франсиялда радикалиял сиясиял ва жамгӀиял трансформациязул период, жибги байбихьараб 1789 соналъул Генералиял штатаздаса ва лӀугьӀараб 1799 соналъул новембералда Паранс консулат гӀуцӀигун. Гьелъул гӀемерисел идеяби рикӀкӀуна либералияб демократиялъул фундаменталиял принципаллъун, liberté, égalité, fraternité (эркнелъи, ращалъи, вацлъи) гӀадал лозунгал раккана цогидал революцияздаги, 1917 соналъул гӀурус революция гӀадал, ва гьез гъира базабулеб букӀана лагълъи хвезабиялъе ва рищиязе ихтияразе гӀоло гьарулел рукӀарал кампаниязе. Гьеб революциялдалъун рижарал къиматал ва институлал жакъа къоязги руго бетӀерлъулел паранс сиясаталда.
  
  Революциялъул гӀиллабилъун, гӀаммаб пикруялда рекъон, ккола жамгӀиял, сиясиял ва экономикиял факторал, жал рорхизе кӀолеб хӀалалда букӀараб режим батичӀел.1789 соналъул маялда гӀатӀид тӀиритӀарал жамгӀиял балагьаз рачана Генералиял эстатал ахӀиялде, жал юналда Миллияб ассамблеялде хисизаруарал. Давамлъулел рукӀарал гӀадлу хвеял ахирлъана 14 юналда Бастилиялде гьужумалдалъун, гьелъ бачана Ассамблеялъ радикалиял тадбирал гьабиялде, гьезда гъорлӀ феодализм хвезаби, Франсиялда католикияб килисаялда тӀад пачалихъияб контрол билӀинаби ва рищиязул ихтиярал гӀатӀид гьари.
  
  Хадусеб лъабго сон букӀана гъорлӀ босун сиясияб контролалъе гӀоло унеб къеркьеялъулӀ, жиндир ватӀанчилъиял гъалмагъираз ва экономикияб депрессиялъ хӀалбиххизабураб. Австрия, КӀудияб Британия ва Пруссия гӀадал къватӀисел пачалихъаз гьабулеб букӀараб дандехӀалтӀиялъ бачана 1792 соналъул априлалда паранс революциониял рагъал байбихьиялде. XVI Людовикидаса ракӀбуссиндал, 1792 соналъул 22 септембералда гӀуцӀана ТӀоцебессеб Паранс республика ва гьелдаса хадув, 1793 соналъул январалда, Людовик чӀвазе къотӀана. Юналда Парижаджа ккараб дандерахъиналъ Миллияб ассамблеялда бетӀерлъи ккун рукӀарал жирондинал хисана Максимилиан Робеспьерил нухмалъиялда гъоркь бугеб ЖамгӀияб хӀинкъибукӀунгутӀияб комитеталдалъун.
  
  Гьеб сабаблъана контер-ревоолюционерал тӀагӀинариялъе хӀалбихьи гӀадин терроралъул къиралат лъеялъе; 1794 соналъул юлалда гьеб лӀугӀараб заманалде Парижалда ва провинциязда чӀвазе къотӀана 16 600-ялдаса цӀикӀкӀун чи. Жиндирго къватӀисел тушбабигун гуребги, Республика дандчӀвана роялистазул гӀадинго якобиназулги жанисеб оппозициягун, ва  гьеб хӀинкъи нахъчӀвазейин хӀакимлъуде бачӀана Паранс директория 1795 новембералда. Рагъулал бергьенлъаби рукӀаниги, жидер гӀемерисел Наполеон Бонапартица ккурал, сиясиял дандеккунгутӀабазул ва экономикияб стангнациялъул хӀасилалда 1799 соналъул новембералда Директория хисана Консулаталъ. ГӀемерисеб гьебги рикӀкӀуна революционияб периодалъул ахирлъун.
  
  ГӀиллаби
  
  Хераб режималъул кризис
  
  Конституционияб монархия (юл 1789 — септембер 1789)
  
  ТӀоцебесеб Республика
  
  Директория (1975–1799)
  
  Паранс революциониял рагъал
  
  Франсиялъул колониалияб сиясат
  
  Медиа ва симболизм
  
  Руччабазул рол
  
  Экономикияб сиясат
  
  Халат-болжалаб асар
  
  Тариххъвай
  
  Ралагье гьединго
  
  Баянкьелал
  
  МугъчӀваял
  
  Иццал 
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
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   Библиография Ингилис мацӀалда: ЦӀех-рех ва баянал 
   Andress, David, ed. The Oxford Handbook of the French Revolution (Oxford University Press, 2015). excerpt, 714 pp; 37 articles by experts
   Aulard, François-Alphonse. The French Revolution, a Political History, 1789–1804 (4 vol. 1910); famous classic; volume 1 1789–1792 online; Volume 2 1792–95 online
   Azurmendi, Joxe (1997). The democrats and the violent. Mirande's critique of the French Revolution. Philosophical viewpoint. (Original: Demokratak eta biolentoak, Donostia: Elkar ).
   Ballard, Richard. A New Dictionary of the French Revolution (2011) excerpt and text search
   Bosher, J.F. The French Revolution (1989) 365 pp
   Davies, Peter. The French Revolution: A Beginner's Guide (2009), 192 pp
   Gershoy, Leo. The French Revolution and Napoleon (1945) 585 pp
   Gershoy, Leo. The Era of the French Revolution, 1789–1799 (1957), brief summary with some primary sources
   Gottschalk, Louis R. The Era of the French Revolution (1929), cover 1780s to 1815
   Hanson, Paul R. The A to Z of the French Revolution (2013)
   Hanson, Paul R. Historical dictionary of the French Revolution (2015) online
   ; inspiration for Soboul and Lefebvre, one of the most important accounts of the Revolution in terms of shaping perspectives;
   Jones, Colin. The Longman Companion to the French Revolution (1989)
   Jones, Colin. The Great Nation: France from Louis XV to Napoleon (2002) excerpt and text search
   
   Madelin, Louis. The French Revolution (1916); textbook by leading French scholar. online
   Paxton, John. Companion to the French Revolution (1987), 234 pp; hundreds of short entries.
   Popkin, Jeremy D. A Short History of the French Revolution (5th ed. 2009) 176 pp
   
   Scott, Samuel F. and Barry Rothaus, eds. Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution, 1789–1799 (2 vol 1984), short essays by scholars vol. 1 online; vol 2 online
   Sutherland, D.M.G. France 1789–1815. Revolution and Counter-Revolution (2nd ed. 2003, 430 pp excerpts and online search from Amazon.com
  
   Европияб ва атлантикияб тарих 
   Amann, Peter H., ed. The eighteenth-century revolution: French or Western? (Heath, 1963) readings from historians
   Brinton, Crane. A Decade of Revolution 1789–1799 (1934) the Revolution in European context
   Desan, Suzanne, et al. eds. The French Revolution in Global Perspective (2013)
   Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. ed. The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History (ABC-CLIO: 3 vol 2006)
   Goodwin, A., ed.  The New Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 8: The American and French Revolutions, 1763–93 (1965), 764 pp
   Palmer, R.R. "The World Revolution of the West: 1763–1801," Political Science Quarterly (1954) 69#1 pp. 1–14 
   Palmer, Robert R. The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760–1800. (2 vol 1959), highly influential comparative history; vol 1 online
   Rude, George F. and Harvey J. Kaye. Revolutionary Europe, 1783–1815 (2000), scholarly survey excerpt and text search
  
   Сиясат ва рагъал 
   Andress, David. The terror: Civil war in the French revolution (2006).
   ed. Baker, Keith M. The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture (Oxford, 1987–94) vol 1: The Political Culture of the Old Regime, ed. K.M. Baker (1987); vol. 2: The Political Culture of the French Revolution, ed. C. Lucas (1988); vol. 3: The Transformation of Political Culture, 1789–1848, eds. F. Furet & M. Ozouf (1989); vol. 4: The Terror, ed. K.M. Baker (1994). excerpt and text search vol 4
   Blanning, T.C.W. The French Revolutionary Wars 1787–1802 (1996).
   Desan, Suzanne. "Internationalizing the French Revolution," French Politics, Culture & Society (2011) 29#2 pp. 137–60.
   Doyle, William. Origins of the French Revolution (3rd ed. 1999) online edition
   Englund, Steven. Napoleon: A Political Life. (2004). 575 pp; emphasis on politics excerpt and text search
   Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The French Revolutionary Wars (2013), 96 pp; excerpt and text search
   Griffith, Paddy. The Art of War of Revolutionary France 1789–1802, (1998); 304 pp; excerpt and text search
   Hardman, John. Louis XVI: The Silent King (2nd ed. 2016) 500 pp; much expanded new edition; now the standard scholarly biography; (1st ed. 1994) 224; older scholarly biography
   Schroeder, Paul. The Transformation of European Politics, 1763–1848. 1996; Thorough coverage of diplomatic history; hostile to Napoleon; online edition
   
  
   Экономика ва жамгӀият 
   Anderson, James Maxwell. Daily life during the French Revolution (2007)
   Andress, David. French Society in Revolution, 1789–1799 (1999)
   Kennedy, Emmet. A Cultural History of the French Revolution (1989)
   McPhee, Peter. "The French Revolution, Peasants, and Capitalism," American Historical Review (1989) 94#5 pp. 1265–80 
   Tackett, Timothy, "The French Revolution and religion to 1794," and Suzanne Desan, "The French Revolution and religion, 1795–1815," in Stewart J. Brown and Timothy Tackett, eds. The Cambridge History of Christianity vol. 7 (Cambridge UP, 2006).
  
   Руччаби 
   Dalton, Susan. "Gender and the Shifting Ground of Revolutionary Politics: The Case of Madame Roland." Canadian journal of history (2001) 36#2
   Godineau, Dominique. The Women of Paris and Their French Revolution (1998) 440 pp 1998
   Hufton, Olwen. "Women in Revolution 1789–1796" Past & Present (1971) No. 53 pp. 90–108 
   Hufton, Olwen. "In Search of Counter-Revolutionary Women." The French Revolution: Recent debates and New Controversies Ed. Gary Kates. (1998) pp. 302–36
   Kelly, Linda. Women of the French Revolution (1987) 192 pp. biographical portraits or prominent writers and activists
   Landes, Joan B. Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution (Cornell University Press, 1988) excerpt and text search
   Melzer, Sara E., and Leslie W. Rabine, eds. Rebel daughters: women and the French Revolution (Oxford University Press, 1992)
   Proctor, Candice E. Women, Equality, and the French Revolution (Greenwood Press, 1990) online
   Roessler, Shirley Elson. Out of the Shadows: Women and Politics in the French Revolution, 1789–95 (Peter Lang, 1998) online
  
   Тариххъвай ва мемуарал 
  
   Andress, David. "Interpreting the French Revolution," Teaching History (2013), Issue 150, pp. 28–29, very short summary
   Censer, Jack R. "Amalgamating the Social in the French Revolution." Journal of Social History 2003 37(1): 145–50. online
   Cox, Marvin R. The Place of the French Revolution in History (1997) 288 pp
   Desan, Suzanne. "What's after Political Culture? Recent French Revolutionary Historiography," French Historical Studies (2000) 23#1 pp. 163–96.
   Furet, François and Mona Ozouf, eds. A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution (1989), 1120 pp; long essays by scholars; strong on history of ideas and historiography (esp pp. 881–1034 excerpt and text search
   Furet, François. Interpreting the French revolution (1981).
   Germani, Ian, and Robin Swayles. Symbols, myths and images of the French Revolution. University of Regina Publications. 1998. 
   Geyl, Pieter. Napoleon for and Against (1949), 477 pp; summarizes views of major historians on controversial issues
   Hanson, Paul R. Contesting the French Revolution (2009). 248 pp.
   Kafker, Frank A. and James M. Laux, eds. The French Revolution: Conflicting Interpretations (5th ed. 2002), articles by scholars
   Kaplan, Steven Laurence. Farewell, Revolution: The Historians' Feud, France, 1789/1989 (1996), focus on historians excerpt and text search
   Kaplan, Steven Laurence. Farewell, Revolution: Disputed Legacies, France, 1789/1989 (1995); focus on bitter debates re 200th anniversary excerpt and text search
   Kates, Gary, ed. The French Revolution: Recent Debates and New Controversies (2nd ed. 2005) excerpt and text search
   Lewis, Gwynne. The French Revolution: Rethinking the Debate (1993) online; 142 pp.
   ; 540 pp; 30 essays by experts; emphasis on historiography and memory
   Reichardt, Rolf: The French Revolution as a European Media Event, European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2010, retrieved: 17 December 2012.
   Ross, Steven T., ed. The French Revolution: conflict or continuity? (1971) 131 pp; excerpt from historians table of contents
  
   Тарихиял иццал 
  
   , complete text online
   
   Dwyer, Philip G. and Peter McPhee, eds.  The French Revolution and Napoleon: A Sourcebook (2002) 235 pp; online
   Legg, L.G. Wickham, ed. Select Documents Illustrative of the History of the French Revolution (2 Volumes, 1905) 630 pp vol 1 online free; in French (not translated)
   Levy, Darline Gay, et al. eds. Women in Revolutionary Paris, 1789–1795 (1981) 244 pp excerpt and text search
   Mason, Laura, and Tracey Rizzo, eds. The French Revolution: A Document Collection (1998) 334 pp excerpt and text search
   Stewart, John Hall, ed. A Documentary Survey of the French Revolution (1951), 818 pp
   Thompson, J.M., ed. The French revolution: Documents, 1789–94 (1948), 287 pp
   
  
   КъватӀисел регӀелал 
  
   Museum of the French Revolution (French)
   Primary source documents from The Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
   Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution, a collaborative site by the Center for History and New Media (George Mason University) and the American Social History Project (City University of New York).
   Vancea, S. The Cahiers de Doleances of 1789, Clio History Journal, 2008.
   French Revolution Digital Archive a collaboration of the Stanford University Libraries and the Bibliothèque nationale de France, containing 12000 digitised images
   The guillotined of the French Revolution factsheets of all the sentenced to death of the French Revolution
   Jean-Baptiste Lingaud papers, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania. Includes a vast number of name lists and secret surveillance records as well as arrest warrants for aristocrats and their sympathisers. Most notable in this part of the collection are letters and documents from the Revolutionary Committee and the Surveillance Committee.
   French Revolution Pamphlets, Division of Special Collections, University of Alabama Libraries. Over 300 digitised pamphlets, from writers including Robespierre, St. Juste, Desmoulins, and Danton.
   "The French Revolution's Legacy" BBC Radio 4 discussion with Stefan Collini, Anne Janowitz and Andrew Roberts (In Our Time'', 14 June 2001)
  
   
  1789 сон Франсиялда
  1790-л сонал Франсиялда
  XVIII гӀасруялъул дандерахъинал
  XVIII гӀасруялъул революциял
  1789 соналъул конфликтал
  1790 соналъул конфликтал
  1791 соналъул конфликтал
  1792 соналъул конфликтал
  Франсиялъул гьанжесеб тарих
  Франсиялда республиканизм