title: ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ
text: ܢܥܘܡ ܐܠܝܣ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܒܐܠܟ ܝܕܝܥܐ ܐܝܟ ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ  (ܫܒܛ 1868 - 5 ܫܒܛ 1930) ܗܘܐ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܐܒ̈ܗܬܐ ܕܫܬܐܣܬܐ ܕܐܘܡܬܢܝܘܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ ܒܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܝܢ. ܡܘܠܕ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ ܕܐܡܝܕ ܒܬܝܡܢܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ. ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܠܗ ܚܠܡܐ ܕܚܘܝܕܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܠܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܫܝܢ ܒܝܬ ܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܡܫܚ̈ܠܦܐ. ܩܪܐ ܘܝܠܦ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܐܝܟ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܦܪܢܫܝܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܦܪܣܝܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܥܪܒܝܐ܀
  
  ܕܪܫܬܗ
  ܒܫܢ̈ܝ 1881 – 1889 ܐܣܬܦܝ ܒܝܘܠܦܢܐ ܘܝܠܦ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܥܪܒܝܐ ܘܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܦܪܢܣܝܐ ܘܐܦ ܩܪܝܐ ܒܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܐܝܟ ܡܢܝܘܬܐ ܘܝܘܠܦܢ ܟܝܢܝܘܬܐ.
  ܒܫܢܬ 1908 ܫܘܬܐܣܠܗ ܗܢܐ ܛܢܢܐ ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܓܘ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܬܚܘܬ ܫܡܐ (ܥܝܪܘܬܐ) ܘܒܬܪ ܗܕܐ ܦܪܣ ܥܠ ܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ (ܟܘܟܒܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ).
  ܒܝܘܡ 22 ܒܐܝܠܘܠ 1912 ܚܙܩ ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܒܝܪܘܬ. ܘܡܢ ܒܬܪܟܝܢ ܠܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ ܒܝܘܡ 5 ܟܢܘܢ ܩܕܡܝܐ 1915 ܘܒܫܘܪܝܐ 1916 ܦܪܣ ܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ ܒܫܡܐ ܕ(ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ) ܒܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܗܢܐ ܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ ܦܫ ܒܢܦܩܐ ܡܬܚܐ ܕܬܠܬܥܣܪ̈ܐ ܫܢ̈ܝܢ. ܘܒܫܢܬ 1921 ܫܩܠ ܪܝܫܢܘܬܐ ܕܣܝܘܡܘܬܐ ܕܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ ܕ(ܚܘܝܕܐ) ܗܝ ܕܐܬܦܪܣܬ ܒܝܕ ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܐܬܪܝܬܐ ܟܠܕܝܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܢܝܫ̈ܐ ܐܘܡܬܢܝ̈ܐ ܘܐܬܪ̈ܝܐ܀
  
  ܦܠܛ̈ܐ ܕܡܠܦܢܐ ܒܚܩܠܐ ܕܣܦܪܝܘܬܐ
   ܐ ـ ܬܪܓܡܬܐ ܪ̈ܒܝܥܝܘܬܐ ܕܥܘܡܪ ܐܠܚܝܐܡ ܗܘ ܡܚܘܪܐ ܦܪܣܝܐ ܡܫܡܗܐ ܠܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ. 
   ܒ ـ ܟܬܒܬܐ ܡܢܝܢ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܡܠܘܐ̈ܐ ܐܝܟ ܛܘܦܣܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܛܒܝ̈ܥܬܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܡܕܢܚܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܓܘܢܚ̈ܐ. ܘܡܠܘܐܐ ܒܣܦܪ̈ܝܘܡܐ ܘܝܘܬܪܢܘܗܝ ܗܘ ܕܐܡܪ ܒܓܘܗܝ:
  
   ܡܠܘܐܐ ܬܚܘܬ ܫܡܐ ، ܡܐ ܫܐܠܝܢ ܘܡܐ ܫܐܠܝܢܢ ܚܢܢ ܘܢܨܝܚܘܬܐ ܘܒܗ ܐܡܪ: 
  
  ܡܐܡܪ̈ܐ ܡܥܒܕ̈ܢܐ ܕܡܠܦܢܐ ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ:
   ܐ ـ ܒܬܠܬ ܟܝ ܚܝܐ ܐܘܡܬܐ ؛ ܩܠܡܐ ܕܟܬܒܐ ، ܒܝܬ ܓܙܐ ܕܬܓܪܐ ، ܚܩܠܐ ܕܐܟܪܐ 
   ܒ ـ ܥܠܝܡܐ ܕܫܩܠ ܠܐܢܬܬܐ ܢܘܟܪܝܬܐ ܟܝ ܬܝܟ (ܡܢܚܣ) ܐܘܡܬܗ.
   ܓ ـ ܗܘ ܕܠܐ ܩܪܐ ܒܠܫܢܗ ܠܐ ܝܕܥ ܠܡܐ ܐܬܒܪܝ
   ܕ ـ ܝܨܦ ܒܬܠܬ ؛ ܒܝܬܟ ، ܐܘܡܬܟ ، ܐܬܪܟ
   ܗ ـ ܕܥܬܝܕܢ ܗܘ ܒܐܝܕ̈ܝܐ ܕܫܒܪ̈ܝܢ ܡܛܠ ܕܗܢܘܢ ܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܕܡܚܪ.
   ܘ ـ ܚܘܝܕܐ ܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܗܘ ܦܘܪܩܢܐ ܡܢ ܙܠܝܠܘܬܐ.
  
  ܘܡܠܦܐܢܢ ܪܒܐ (ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ) ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܬܠܬܝܢ ܘܐܪܒܥܐ ܟܬܒ̈ܝܢ ܡܦܘܠܓܐ ܒܝܢܬ ( ܠܟܣܝܩܘܢ ، ܬܪ̈ܓܡܐ ، ܡܡ̈ܠܠܐ ، ܡܚܪ̈ܐ ، ܡܟܪ̈ܙܝܬܐ ܘܫܪܟܐ܀
  
  ܡܒܘܥ̈ܐ
  
   http://www.atour.com/~people/20010702g.html
   A Brief Study in the Palak Nationalism", by Dr. David Barsoum Perley LL.B"
  
  ܐܘܓܢܣܛܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ