title: ܩܡܫܠܝ
text: ܩܡܫܠܝ ܐܘ ܒܝܬ ܙܐܠܝܢ ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ. ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܢܦܠܐ ܒܓܪܒܝ ܡܕܢܚ ܣܘܪܝܐ ܒܬܚܘܡܐ ܕܢܨܝܒܝܢ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܕܛܘܪܩܝܐ. ܐܝܬܝܗ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܒܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܚܣܟܗ ܘܡܬܩܪܝܐ ܩܡܫܠܝ ܬܘܒ ܫܡܐ ܕܙܠܝܢ ܐܘ ܕܒܝܬ ܙܠܝܢ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܬܘܒ ܡܬܟܢܝܐ ܒܫܡܐ ܕܢܨܝܒܝܢ ܚܕܬܐ܀
  
  ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕ200.000 ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ. ܒܬܪ ܩܛܠܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܕܫܢ̈ܝ 1915 - 1919 ܟܕ ܣܘܓܐܐ ܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܥܪܩ ܡܢ ܫܘܠܛܢܘܬܐ ܕܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܕܫܥܡܪܬ ܐܬܪܐ ܕܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܘܡܕܝܕ ܘܡܪܕܝܢ ܘܐܡܝܕ ܘܒܝܬ ܙܒܕܝ (ܐܙܟ) ܘܥܝܢܘܪܕܐ ܘܟܦܫܢܐ ܘܡܝܕܢ ܘܒܣܒܪܝܢܐ ܘܚܝܕܠ ܘܐܪܒܐ ܘܚܐܚ ܘܣܛܪ... ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܗܘܘ ܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ (ܕܣܘܪܝܐ) ܐܬܘ ܗܠܝܢ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܒܬܪ ܢܓ̈ܕܐ ܡܪܝܪ̈ܐ ܘܫܬܐܣܘ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܙܠܝܢ (ܟܠܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ) ܘܕܝܪܝܟ (ܡܐܠܟܝܗ) ܘܩܒܪ̈ܐ ܚܘܪ̈ܐ (ܩܚܛܐܢܝܗ) ܘܚܣܟܗ ܘܫܪܟܐ ܕܡܕ̈ܝܢܬܐ ܕܓܙܪܬܐ܀
  
  ܩܡܫܠܝ ܒܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܝܢ 
  ܘܡܢ ܡܨܝܐ ܠܗ ܕܢܡܠܠ ܥܠ ܡܕܝܢܬ ܓܢܒܪ̈ܐ ܕܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܝܢ ܒܝܬ ܙܠܝܢ ܐܘ ܙܐܠܝܢ ܕܗܝ ܩܡܫܠܝ ܘܟܪܝܐܝܬ ܐܡܪܝܢܢ:
  
  ܡܢ ܫܢܬ 1920 ܟܕ ܐܬܘ ܐܝܩܪ̈ܬܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܬܐ ܡܢ ܩܪ̈ܝܝܗܘܢ ܘܡܢ ܡܕ̈ܝܢܬܗܘܢ܆ ܕܗܘܘ ܬܚܬ ܫܘܠܛܢܘܬܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܬܐ܆ ܐܬܘ ܠܩܪܝܒ ܢܘܩܙܐ ܡܢ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܕܛܘܪܩܝܐ܆ ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܗܘܐ ܟܪܟܐ ܒܪܝܐ ܕܢܨܝܒܝܢ܆ ܘܫܬܐܣ ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܐܝܕܐ ܒܐܝܕܐ ܠܒ̈ܬܐ ܘܥܕ̈ܬܐ ܘܡܕܪ̈ܫܬܐ (ܐܝܟ ܣܘܓܐܐ ܕܡܕ̈ܝܢܬܐ ܕܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ)܆ ܘܐܬܬܘܣܦ ܡܢܝܢܗܘܢ ܒܙܒܢܐ ܟܪܝܐ ܒܝܬ 1920 ܥܕܡܐ ܠ1930܆ ܘܗܘܬ ܩܡܫܠܝ ܕܐܬܐ ܫܡܗ ܡܢ ܡܥܒܪܬܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܬܐ ܠܡܠܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ (ܙܐܠܝܢ ܐܘ ܙܠܝܢ) ܐܘܟܝܬ ܕܘܟܬ ܙܠܐ (ܩܨܒ ܕܫܟܪܐ)܆ ܕܝܥܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܣܓܝܐܘܬܐ ܥܠ ܓܒ ܢܗܪܐ ܕܓܩܓܩ:
  
  ܬܪ̈ܡܝܬܐ ܘܓܒ̈ܐ ܘܫܘ̈ܬܐܣܐ ܕܩܡܫܠܝ 
  
  1- ܡܢ ܫܢܬ 1936 ܐܫܬܬܣ ܒܗ ܒܩܡܫܠܝ ܒܘܕܩܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ.
  
  2- ܡܢ ܫܢܬ 1957 ܫܪܝ ܙܘܥܐ ܦܘܠܝܛܝܩܝܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܒܩܡܫܠܝ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܓܙܪܬܐ ܘܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ؛ ܕܡܬܡܬܠ ܗܘܐ ܒܡܛܟܣܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ ܕܝܡܘܩܪܛܝܬܐ ܘܟܢ ܒܕܪܐ ܕܚܕ ܘܥܣܪܝܢ ܕܪ̈ܢܝܐ ܐܘܟܝܬ ܓܒܐ ܕܚܐܪܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ ܘܙܘܥܐ ܕܝܡܘܩܪܛܝܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܘܣܛܪ.
  
  3 - ܡܢ ܫܢܬ 1993 ܫܪܝܘ ܥܕܥܐܕ̈ܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܥܘܢܝܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܬܐ ܘܡܥܪܒܝܬܐ ܒܝܨܝܦܘܬܐ ܕܣܝܥܬܐ ܕܐܘܪܗܝ ܐܡܢܝܬܐ ܘܐܣܪܬܐ ܕܢܨܝܒܝܢ ܕܣܦܪ̈ܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܕܐܫܬܟܠܠܘ ܒܥܡܠܐ ܘܠܐܘܬܐ ܕܠܐ ܩܘܛܥ ܕܡܠܦܢܐ ܠܚܕܐ ܐܣܚܩ ܒܗܘ ܙܒܢܐ؛ ܕܐܝܬܘ ܗܘܐ ܪܝܫ ܡܘܬܒܐ ܐܘܡܬܢܝܐ ܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܐܘܪ̈ܬܕܘܟܣܘ ܒܩܡܫܠܝ ܕܗܝ ܒܝܬ ܙܠܐ.
  
  4- ܘܬܘܒ ܐܫܬܬܣܝ ܡܕܪ̈ܫܬܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܬܐ ܘܐܪ̈ܡܢܝܬܐ ܘܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܬܐ ܕܡܠܦܢ ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܢܝܐ ܐܝܟ ܡܕܪ̈ܫܬܐ ܕܝܠܢܝ̈ܬܐ ܛܟܣܝ̈ܬܐ ܢܩ̈ܦܢ ܠܥܕܬ̈ܐ ܐܬܦܪܣܝ ܒܚܐܪܘܬܐ.
  
  5- ܘܐܫܬܬܣܝ ܫܘܬܦܬܐ ܕܡܪ̈ܟܒܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܕܐܝܟ ܐܝܙܠܐ (إيزلا\زالين) ܘܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ ܐܘܟܝܬ (الرافدين)܆ ܘܫܘܬܦ̈ܬܐ ܕܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ ܕܐܝܟ ܗܒܗ (هبة) ܘܚܠܘܠܐ ܕܪܐܦܕܝܢ (برغل الرافدين) ܘܥܫܬܪ ܠܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ ܘܫܐܡܝܪܐܡ ܘܣܛܪ ܕܫܘ̈ܬܦܬܐ ܘܒܝܬ ܣܚܘܐ ܘܒܝܬ ܣܡܟ̈ܐ ܘܡܥܡܠܐ ܕܡܫܡܫܝܢ ܘܡܫܬܡܫܝܢ ܡܢ ܒܢܝ̈ ܥܡܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ ܒܡܕܝܢܬ ܙܠܝܢ ܡܚܣܢܬ ܒܐܠܗܐ.
  
  6- ܘܬܘܒ ܐܬܦܬܚ ܩܢܛܪܘܢܐ ܠܦܪܣ ܚܙܘܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ (ܣܘܪܝܐ ܬܘ) ܒܫܘܬܐ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܕܩܡܫܠܝ ܒܫܢܬ 2006.
  
  7- ܘܐܫܬܬܣܬ ܒܫܢܬ 2008 ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܡܪܕܘܬܢܝܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܝܐ ܘܩܢܛܪܘܢܗ ܒܩܡܫܠܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܡܒܪܟܬܐ ܒܐܘܝܘܬܐ ܘܡܒܪܟܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ ܐܣܝܐ ܡܝܩܪܐ ܒܫܐܪ ܐܠܐܣܕ.
  
  ܐܡܘ̈ܬܐ ܘܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܙܠܝܢ 
  ܝܘܡܢܐ ܡܕܝܢܬ ܙܠܝܢ ܚܝܐ ܒܗ ܐܡܘ̈ܬܐ ܡܫܚܠܦ̈ܬܐ ܡܢ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܘܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ ܘܩܪ̈ܕܘܝܐ ܘܐܪ̈ܡܢܝܐ ܘܚܝܝܢ ܥܡ ܚܕܕ̈ܐ ܒܐܘܝܘܬܐ ܘܫܝܢܐ ܐܡܝܢܐ ܒܠܥܕ ܬܟܬܘܫܐ ܐܘ ܫܓܘܫܝܐ܆ ܘܕܝܠܢܐܝܬ ܒܝܬ ܥܡܐ ܩܪܕܘܝܐ ܘܣܘܪܝܝܐ. ܘܠܫܘܪܪ ܡܟܬܒܙܒܢܐ ܡܕܟܪܝܢܢ ܕܣܓܝܐܘܬܐ ܒܗܕܐ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܗܘܬ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܚܪܬܐ ܕܫܒܝܥܢܝܬ ܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܝܢ ܘܟܢ ܥܠ ܐܚ̈ܐ ܩܪ̈ܕܘܝܐ ܘܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ ܘܐܬܬܘܣܦ، ܘܬܘܒ ܐܬܓܠܘܝܘ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܡܢ ܒܢ̈ܝ ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܟܠܕܝܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܠܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܡܫܚܠܦ̈ܬܐ ܒܐܘܪܘܦܐ ܘܣܛܪ ܘܐܬܒܨܪ ܡܢܝܢܗܘܢ.
  
  ܘܥܡܐ ܕܩܡܫܠܝ (ܙܐܠܝܢ) ܬܘܕܝ̈ܬܐ ܡܫܚܠܦ̈ܬܐ ܡܢ ܐܣܠܐܡ (ܡܫܠܡܢ̈ܐ) ܘܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ (ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ) ܘܐܝܙܝܕܝܘܬܐ (ܐܝܙܝܕ̈ܝܐ) ܘܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ (ܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ).
  
  ܘܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܥܕ̈ܬܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܬܐ ܡܢܗܝܢ ܬܡܢܝܐ ܠܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܐܘܪ̈ܬܘܕܘܟܣܝܐ ܘܚܕܐ ܠܟܠܕ̈ܝܐ ܘܐܚܪܬܐ ܠܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝ̈ܐ ܘܬܪ̈ܬܝܢ ܠܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܡܕ̈ܢܚܝܐ ܘܥܬܝܩ̈ܐ ܘܬܘܒ ܬܪ̈ܬܝܢ ܠܐܪ̈ܡܢܝܐ ܘܚܕܐ ܠܐܪ̈ܡܢܝܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝ̈ܐ ܘܬܪ̈ܬܝܢ ܠܐܘܢܓܠܝ̈ܐ
  
  ܘܬܘܒ ܐܝܬ ܒܩܡܫܠܝ ܡܣܓܕܐ ܪܒܐ ܠܡܫܠܡܢ̈ܐ (ܙܝܢ ܐܠܥܐܒܕܝܢ) ܘܬܘܒ ܟܢܝܫܬܐ ܠܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ ܒܕܘܟܬ ܗܘ ܫܘܩܐ ܕܡܬܩܪܐ ܒܫܡܗܘܢ (ܫܘܩܐ ܕܝܗܘܕܝ̈ܐ עברית ܒܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ).
  
  ܘܡܕܡ ܐܠܨܝܐ ܕܐܡܪܝܢܢ ܬܘܒ ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ ܒܡܕܝܢܬ ܩܡܫܠܝ ܙܐܠܝܢ ܣܓܝܐܘܬܗ ܡܢ ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܐܪܬܘܕܟܣܝܬܐ ܐܝܬܘ؛ ܘܗܠܝܢ ܐܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܫܒܥ ܨܠܘ̈ܢ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܘܝܘܡܢܐ ܡܨܠܝܢ ܠܗܘܢ ܥܡ ܚܕܕ̈ܐ ܒܟܠܗܝܢ ܥܕ̈ܬܐ ܐܘܪ̈ܬܕܘܟܣܝܬܐ ܒܩܡܫܠܝ ܙܐܠܝܢ ܬܪ̈ܬܝܢ ܙܒܢܝ̈ܢ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܒܨܦܪܐ ܘܒܪܡܫܐ ܣܛܪ ܡܢ ܨܘܡܐ ܘܚܫܐ ܦܪܘܩܝܐ ܡܘܣܦܝܢ ܠܨܠܘ̈ܬܐ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ ܬܪ̈ܬܝܢ ܐܘ ܬܠܬ ܙܒܢܝ̈ܢ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܘܡܢ ܨܠܘ̈ܬܐ ܫܚܝܡ̈ܬܐ ܓܒܝܢܢ ܠܟܘܢ ܨܠܘܬܐ ܕܝܘܡ ܬܪܝܢ ܒܫܒܐ ܩܦܝܣܐܝܬ܀
  
  ܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ 
   ܟܬܒܐ ܕ(ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܒܡܪܥܝܬ ܓܙܪܬܐ ܘܦܪܬ)(السريان في أبرشية الجزيرة والفرات) ܠܫܡܫܐ ܐܪܟܕܝܩܢܐ ܠܚܕܐ ܐܝܣܚܩ. (ܒܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ).
   ܟܬܒܐ ܕܨܠܘ̈ܬܐ ܕܫܒܬܐ ܫܚܝܡܬܐ (ܫܝܚܝܡܐ) ܡܢ ܣܝܡܐ ܕܚܣܝܐ ܡܪܝ ܐܘܓܝܢ ܦܘܠܝܩܐܪܦܘܣ ܚܣܝܐ ܕܗܘܠܢܕܐ ܡܚܣܢ ܒܐܠܗܐ.
   ܡܘܬܒܐ ܐܘܬܢܝܐ ܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܐܘܪ̈ܬܕܘܟܣܘ ܒܩܡܫܠܝ.
   ܟܪܘܟܝܐ ܕܝܠܝ ܒܗܕܐ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ (ܡܚܣܢܬ ܒܐܠܗܐ)
  
  ܐܦ ܚܙܝ 
   ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ
   ܢܨܝܒܝܢ
   ܐܙܟ
   ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܐܘܓܝܢ
   ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܓܒܪܐܝܠ
   ܩܛܠܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܐ
   ܕܝܪܝܟ
   ܚܣܟܗ
  
  ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ
  ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܝܐ