Both Mbembe , Mamdani and Brown 's theories have a consistent theme of the indigenous Africans having been treated as uncivilised , second class citizens .
That in many former colonial cities this has continued into the present day with a switch from race to wealth divide .
Both Mbembe , Mamdani and Brown 's theories have a consistent theme of the indigenous Africans having been treated as uncivilised , second class citizens and that in many former colonial cities this has continued into the present day with a switch from race to wealth divide .