Human papillomavirus ( HPV ) : The role of HPV in the development of AK remains unclear .
Evidence suggests that infection with the betapapillomavirus type of HPV may be associated with an increased likelihood of AK .
Human papillomavirus ( HPV ) : The role of HPV in the development of AK remains unclear , but evidence suggests that infection with the betapapillomavirus type of HPV may be associated with an increased likelihood of AK .