These dual processes , driven by convection in the Earth 's mantle , both created the Indian Ocean .
These dual processes , driven by convection in the Earth 's mantle , both caused the Indian continental crust eventually to under - thrust Eurasia and to uplift the Himalayas .
These dual processes , driven by convection in the Earth 's mantle , both created the Indian Ocean and caused the Indian continental crust eventually to under - thrust Eurasia and to uplift the Himalayas .