The R - state , characterized by high substrate affinity , serves as the activated form of pyruvate kinase .
The R - state , characterized by high substrate affinity , is stabilized by PEP and FBP , promoting the glycolytic pathway .
The R - state , characterized by high substrate affinity , serves as the activated form of pyruvate kinase and is stabilized by PEP and FBP , promoting the glycolytic pathway .