Bolivia 's Criollo elite forcibly impressed large numbers of the male indigenous population into the army , even though they felt little or no connection to the nation - state .
Paraguay was able to foment nationalist fervor among Bolivia 's predominantly mixed population .
Bolivia 's Criollo elite forcibly impressed large numbers of the male indigenous population into the army , even though they felt little or no connection to the nation - state , while Paraguay was able to foment nationalist fervor among its predominantly mixed population .