Meanwhile , while some anti-union employers continued to rely upon the tactics of persuasion and manipulation , other besieged firms launched blatantly aggressive anti-union campaigns .
By the mid-1980s , Congress had investigated , but failed to regulate , abuses by labor relations consulting firms .
While some anti-union employers continued to rely upon the tactics of persuasion and manipulation , other besieged firms launched blatantly aggressive anti-union campaigns .
By the mid-1980s , Congress had investigated , but failed to regulate , abuses by labor relations consulting firms .