However , numerous exceptions to the rules have been carved out over the years .
Confidentiality is mandated in America by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 known as HIPAA , specifically the Privacy Rule , and various state laws , some more rigorous than HIPAA .
Numerous exceptions to the rules have been carved out over the years .
Confidentiality is mandated in America by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 known as HIPAA , specifically the Privacy Rule , and various state laws , some more rigorous than HIPAA .