From fabrication the magnetization is confined to one certain direction in zero applied field .
The application of a field perpendicular to this direction changes the magnetization state in such a way that the electronic readout is linear with respect to the magnitude of the applied field .
From fabrication the magnetization is confined to one certain direction in zero applied field , and the application of a field perpendicular to this direction changes the magnetization state in such a way that the electronic readout is linear with respect to the magnitude of the applied field .