Advances in digital holography
Zacharovas, Stanislovas
In the article are described the latest Geola’s inventions rising the digital holography development to a new level, which allows mass-manufacture of large size digital holograms – i-Lumograms, as well as manufacture of colour reflection holograms for security applications. All that became possible by developing a full range of necessary holographic machinery that includes digital laserless life scenes imaging equipments, digital holographic printers and copying machines where our new copying method is implemented. Described printing and copying machinery works with pulsed colour lasers. All Geola machinery exists as working laboratory equipment and is used by us for continuous digital holograms printing. Image creation, hologram printing and copying processes can, and usually are, completely separated geographically. Colour reflection holograms usage as auto-stereoscopic projection displays for 3D gaming and home cinema applications is described, as well as digital holograms manufacture using mobile phone as a holographic imaging devise.
 Good morning China, good morning world. So now we are having session on digital holography. And thank you Frank, thank you committee to invite me here. And I will give you presentation about Jealous Advances in Digital Holography. My talk will cover more than 10 years of our research and development including the latest ones that we performed this year. Can we switch off the light? Thank you. So advances in digital holography. First of all I would like to introduce you Jealous Company possess to doesn't know it yet. So Jealous means general objects laboratory. Jealous was founded in 1995 and in operations in there. And digital holography field we entered in 1998 after visiting exhibition where we were displaying our analog camera. And a lot of people were asking is it possible to reduce the image, is it possible to have colors and our answer then was no. So even somebody was asking us why you are here, digital photographers. So we decided to go to digital direction. And now we have basically two companies doing that. It is Jealous Digital Lithuania. We are doing research and experimental manufacturing. We have technologies in United Kingdom which does theoretical work and David Ratliff runs it. For those who still do not know where Lithuania is, Lithuania is here. It is nearby Poland and just across the sea to Sweden. So what we did good in holography? We have invented digital holographic printing with pulse lasers, hologram copying, imaging for digital holographic printing. And recently we have developed holographic reflection screens for autostereoscopic projections. So we are doing custom research manufacturing consultancy, holographic photo materials distribution. And we have manufactured some nice machinery like pulse RGB lasers, digital holographic printers, imaging devices, high power lasers. And we still are manufacturing analog holographic studios. I am quite surprised but each year we are selling one analog equipment somewhere. And we are also manufacturing special lasers for some scientific applications like nuclear fusion seedings and something like that. So what is digital holography? Digital holography by our definition is dot by dot photo materials exposing technique. The object beam is formed by spatially modulating one of the laser radiation beam and another beam is used as reference beam. And special modulation is performed by OCD displays, modulation patterns calculated by computer. And information for pattern calculation is extracted from sequence of digital photographs. And this digital photograph shooting is of course geographically separated from printing, like in usual photography. And digital holography has of course very big advantage over analog holography because it has full color, repeatability. You can adjust your scene with computer, you can get animation, great viewing angle, and we can make holograms in size of up to 1 to 1.5 meters. But of course digital holography has its own limitations. And the biggest of those limitations was production speed, computer generated scenes only when we entered this domain, and efficient, not efficient lighting. And we have developed some solutions to that. So production speed, we recently have developed new lasers with diode seeding, and we have invented a new hologram copying method that speed up very greatly digital holography. Computer generated scenes only we have solved by inventing live scene capturing device and mobile phone holography. And also we have made some efficient lightings. And even more, we have found new application for digital holography, this is the stereoscopic projection screens. So now let's go to each of those topics in more details. So how this dot by dot exposure is done? We are writing holo pixels. It's pretty same like Zebra does writing their holo pixels and how it is done. We are using LCD to display certain pattern and laser beam passes LCD and becomes an object beam. After that we are focusing this object beam to square, which has size either 0.8 or 1.6 millimeters, and heating photo material. From opposite side comes reference beam. And exposure is done, then we are shifting holographic material and exposing it again and again and again. And since we want to make color hologram, we need to expose each small square three times. And we are doing that with post laser. Now, from where to get this special modulation pattern? It's very easy. We have, let's say, video file. And we are extracting frames from this video file. And after that we are taking from each of those frames, we are taking one pixel from each. Pixel shows you have the same coordinates. And from those pixels we are calculating one holo pixel, calculating pattern and projecting it to LCD and then exposing photo material. So now from where to get those files for digital hologram? It is also quite easy. Yesterday you have seen camera that Frank is using here. You can have one camera with wide angle, which goes just in front of the steam and makes shooting. Also you can render frames in 3D design program, like 3D studio max or something like that. Limitation of the scheme is that you see a viewing angle of this camera is quite wide and the scene is rather small. So not all resolution of LCD is used to get the image of the scene. So when we have entered digital holography, a lot needed to be done. We needed a lot of tools. First of all, photo material. Photo material did not exist at that time. There was no civil light material, sensitive for post-radiation and being color. Also we needed holographic printer, holographic copier, professional life imaging device, a motor life imaging device, hologram lighting and of course we needed some applications. And those just imaging applications are not really industrial ones. People prefer to have something more general. So, photo materials needed. Let's briefly discuss which photo material properties we need to consider. It is silver halide, it should be, because photopolymer is not sensitive for post-halo-graphy. And grain size, if you want to record color holograms, should be about 10 nanometers. It should be panchromatic and also it should be available in industrial quantities. So this material we have developed together with our partners from Russia, companies FiraS in 2000. This material has grain size 10 nanometers. Here are some properties of this photo material. You can find it in proceedings. And this material is sensitive for RGB post and continuous wave radiations. And our Russian partners can manufacture it in large quantities. The volume coating is 1000 square meters. And we have manufactured first digital holography printer in 2001. This printer was able to print master hologram for future copying and also reflection holograms directly. This printer was printing on photo-human photo plates, with a pixel size and laser flashing frequency, it has 30 hertz. This printer we are using until today and printing several meters per month each month. And here is a picture of this first holography printer. And to give you an idea which size it really was, here is another picture of this printer. So you see it was quite big. And now, but this printer has only 30 hertz laser, which is really not quite speedy. So we have designed now second generation printer with L-Cos display. It is a reflective display, not transmission. And the display itself has very little losses. So we can use less powerful laser and make this laser flash more frequently. So with this new design printer we can go down to 25 x 25 millimeter holography pixels. So increasing resolution and laser flashing frequency can go up to 200 hertz, including the speed. For that we have developed Pauster RGB Short-Cavity Laser, especially for that. So now contact copying. Of course if you want to make a lot of holograms, you cannot wait till printer will print dot by dot. You need to copy them. But usual contact copying, what it does? You have laser beam, here is projection to master hologram plate. Here you have your slit. Slit we must to have because our holograms are big and there is not enough laser energy to illuminate all holograms surface at once. So we need to have slit. So usual holographic copying was running slit like that in this direction. But then look what's happening. We have our laser beam that hits master. Master plays in perpendicular direction and reference beam and object beam matches only here. That means that in this area and in this area noise will be recorded. Which is not good, of course. So what we did? We decided to run slit in this direction. Very simple element solution. So then we have this picture. We have our laser beam that hits master hologram, master hologram restores. And we have interference on who copy surface and we are not recording any noise. Well almost any noise because you know the hologram replace also little inside. But this method allows us to do quite nice hologram copies. What we are lacking now is photo materials that would be sensitive more in blue region. We can do copies with high efficiency in two colors red and green. And blue gives only 50% efficiency from the master. And here is how our hologram copy of laboratory prototype looks. And here is real setup. Here we have laser beam coming, adjusting beam, making slit. And this mirror goes on this translation stage. Direct slayers slit here and here we have our copying material. So now about life-stain capturing. As you have seen yesterday this device shoots only small use for region. Which is not allowed to use all CCD surface. And usually if you even will take the highest resolution camera here, for 1.5 meter hologram you would need to have horizontal resolution of this high speed camera, 3,000 pixels. I do not know if such cameras exist or not, but I believe that not yet. So it is not really good for life imaging if you want to capture some big scene and imprinted on a huge hologram. So instead of that we have developed this kind of equipment which has rotating camera. It shoots only what is needed to be shot. So then we can have 4.1 times 1.5 meter only this resolution. And such camera exist, you can easily obtain them. And we have constructed such kind of device. This is our portable one, the first one you have seen it in Wales. And here is studio that you also have seen in Wales. And this device allows us to make professional video capture for holographic printing. At the moment we have sold 9 of such devices and inquiry is welcome of course. But this solution is good for professional hologram shooting. And my goal always was to make digital holographic available for common people. So for that we have invented mobile phone holography. As you have seen before our hologram has rotating camera. So what we have if we rotate a scene and have a studio camera. This experiment is to perform in computer of course and what we did. In 3D studio max we have modeled how it would look like, the sculptures. Here is top row is images taken by rotating scene and steady camera. And this is images taken by rotating camera and steady scene. As you see they are quite different. But this difference is not so big if we will take a look on the central part of the shots. And central part looks almost identical. So what we need to do is just this is a bit smaller. So if we will reduce under certain algorithm side images. We will have perfectly suited images for holographic printing. And here you can see how they match. That's how the holography became available to common people. So in 3D he has mobile phone with high resolution. So the guy is just asking his girl to swing head slowly from left to right. From left to right this is important. And after that the video that is shot by this mobile phone can be sent to us using the same mobile phone. Because internet usually survive on mobile phone. And we are printing hologram and sending it out. So of course on the printed high-lumogram is how we are calling our digital hologram. So here are the other body parts that we are rotating. It will be three dimensional. And background will be two dimensional. But of course it is limitation. But if you want to surprise your friends or to memorize your grandparents, children's pets. I think this is very good stuff. And that's made mobile phone holography available for everyone. So now we have issues with lighting. You know that full parallel parallax hologram lighting you can use only one light source. Which is great limitation. And if you want to have really bright hologram you need to have very bright point source. That is difficult. The solution because you have great energy waste here and here. It's not good. It was some assumption to solve this energy waste problem and trying to concentrate with parabolic reflectors. Concentrate light to eliminate hologram. But of course this solution is quite difficult to implement and too complicated. But digital holograms, our digital holograms they have single parallax only. And that means that we can use as many lights as we want. Put them in vertical line and illuminate our hologram. Of course we have some energy waste here. But anyway it becomes already better. But we can do it even better. We can direct each light to certain surface on a hologram. And still we have good holographic image replay. So we have invented this kind of lighting. This feature and each bulb can be rotated in two directions. So you can really point where it need to be pointed. And of course it brought us some usual application for holograms. It's portrait, everybody knows that. Everybody sees that. So shooting is done with hologram, 5-6 inch hologram and printing and sending it out. And we have as I said 9 holograms currently operating. For museums we did some work. For example here is hologram of mommy. From one side it is covered with bandages. And then it comes naked. So images obtained from the scanner. So again hologram shots and we are printing them. Architecture it's easy to be visualized. Here is holograms that we made for Ikuonakamura. So in the middle we have house. And on sides we have drawings of this house. This is architectural installation that we made for DDB. In Vilnius they were building new building. And we made holograms of this building. And designers made this kind of presentation. Usually for architecture we are using 3D cut programs. Engineering visualization from the same 3D cut programs can be done easily. Medicine, this is interesting. This hologram I made from tomographic slices. I took them from internet, put some color. And it became actually a document which you can use and you can store it. And it is quite easy to see what is going on inside human body. On one hologram. You can be used for teaching what we did for some American companies. Advertising, it's usual application. Not interesting at all. And holography for common people of course. It's our recent application this year we started to advertise it. And there is one unusual application that we also invented 2 years ago. We created a new application called image plane. And we suddenly realized that any reflection hologram which has image element that appears in front of the image plane sends the light to form this image element. And this reflection hologram ability to redirect illumination light to certain places in space can be used for autostero scoping needs. And in digital holography cases it's quite easy to print reflection hologram with desired characteristics. So how it works? This is me. And I'm looking to hologram which has one stripe. I'm looking for a far distance and I see this stripe appearing in the air. It's nice usual. But when I'm placing my eye inside this stripe, so then I see full screen illuminated by this lamp. So now what will happen if I will use two lamps? One lamp will give one image element replayed and I will see it. Another lamp will give another element replayed. I also will see it. So now I'm coming closer and suddenly my one eye see screen illuminated by one lamp and another eye see screen illuminated by another lamp. So now let's replace those lamps with video projectors. Focus them on the hologram surface. And then we will have our two images delivered to our eyes and brain will calculate three dimensional pattern. It's pretty similar like Frank has here. Just we're using two projectors. And this device is designed for one viewer. The advantage is that we can use high definition projectors and deliver full high definition images directly to human eyes. So here is our setup. Here is real photographs of those two viewing zones. And what is good with hologram using for this application is that our viewing zone depth was 15 centimeters. That means that if you are 3D designer you can have high resolution images and comfortable work on your computer viewing them. This is more something. We will read that presentation. And those which are advantages of this graphic, Autostereoscopic screens. It's easy to manufacture. Viewers not bound to strict distance from screen. And video projectors, what is important, can be placed on tiny distance from screen. I believe Frank in your system you have, you need to place projectors at certain distance probably. But in our setup we can use any projectors. We'll place them at tiny distance and we will have this stereoscopic. So now we're coming to conclusions. When Chola entered into this digital holographic business nothing was developed. We needed photo material so our partners invented it with our help. Holographic printer with post lasers invented by Chola. And what is interesting at the same time, Zebra placed their patent. Our patent application we have placed in 99 December in 2000 January Zebra placed their application for pretty similar printer but with continuous wave lasers. Holographic copier invented. Life imaging device also is done. Mobile phone video holograms from lighting and applications. Everything is done. So I would say that digital holographic tools are developed. So now to place that further to the market we need to have some industrial partners which I believe will come one day. But indeed complete range of necessary equipment and materials for digital holographic has been developed. Digital holographic geographically separates imaging of hologram printing and copying processes. Life sense for the printing digital holograms form can be easily captured by common people. Digital holograms can be printed and copied with speed needed for industrial applications. And more digital holographic can be used to notice the rescopic projection screen manufacture. That's it. Thank you. Any questions. In the copy machine is a laser full color or single color. In copy machine we are using the same laser so that we have developed for printers. So it's post lasers. It's RGB full color. And laser that we're using it's 660 for it. 532 for green and 440 for blue. After development of the chemical processing we have usually wavelength shift. So it becomes 640, 520 and 415. So blue is really not nice. But what I would like to point out that it is not like in usual analog holography. In digital holography you can calculate the right white balance. And even if you are using not the right wavelength you will have the right colors anyway. Any more questions. Question about your projector. Can you project the still images or can you project the film or what is the quality for input let's say for projectors? Yes we can project pretty everything. We can project stereo pairs. We can project stereo movies. And there are even programs that you can easily obtain. And those programs are producing stereo stream pairs. So you can take usual DVD movie, put it into this program which costs 50 dollars. And then you have two video stream outputs. You really can watch any movie in 3D. Dimension we have tested 640 times 480. So it's a big display. Thank you Stas. Just a bit of a technical question here. The sequence of colors when you are exposing the film is there a sequence? Is it RGB or blue, green, red? Actually it is black and white. We are projecting inside the projector. In the printer we are just making color separation on the software and then projecting black and white which we have obtained. Three black and white. Where? In the sequence of exposure. Ah, sequence of exposure. Yes we are exposing first red, then green and then blue. Actually that's why, first of all it happened historically. When we were designing our first printer it was obvious that we want to have RGB projector so let's put these objectives RGB. But then something like three years ago I have investigated that thing because we needed for copying to define if it's important the order of exposure or not. And I realized that indeed it should be RGB. First we need to expose in red, after that in blue, in green and at the end of the day in blue. And type things that it is because first of all we need to feel red levels, after that green levels and blue levels. It's energies. And if you are doing that in other order the results are not so good as in RGB. I'm surprised. Technical question, I don't quite understand how the pixels are formed. Question is what determines the angle of view of the final hologram? Is it the objective, the Microsoft objective that's printing? And what is the maximum, what is the limitation on the view of the final hologram? So indeed objective that we are using in our printer limits the viewing angle. And if conditions are ideal, I mean conditions of eliminating hologram are ideal so then we can get to 89 degrees which is angle of objective. But usually conditions are not ideal so most frequently you will get 75 degrees in horizontal and you will have 35 degrees in vertical. More? Okay. Thank you.
 Good morning China, good morning world.  So now we are having session on digital holography.  And thank you Frank, thank you committee to invite me here.  And I will give you presentation about Jealous Advances in Digital Holography.  My talk will cover more than 10 years of our research and development including the latest ones that we performed this year.  Can we switch off the light?  Thank you.  So advances in digital holography.  First of all I would like to introduce you Jealous Company possess to doesn't know it yet.  So Jealous means general objects laboratory.  Jealous was founded in 1995 and in operations in there.  And digital holography field we entered in 1998 after visiting exhibition where we were displaying our analog camera.  And a lot of people were asking is it possible to reduce the image, is it possible to have colors and our answer then was no.  So even somebody was asking us why you are here, digital photographers.  So we decided to go to digital direction.  And now we have basically two companies doing that.  It is Jealous Digital Lithuania.  We are doing research and experimental manufacturing.  We have technologies in United Kingdom which does theoretical work and David Ratliff runs it.  For those who still do not know where Lithuania is, Lithuania is here.  It is nearby Poland and just across the sea to Sweden.  So what we did good in holography?  We have invented digital holographic printing with pulse lasers, hologram copying, imaging for digital holographic printing.  And recently we have developed holographic reflection screens for autostereoscopic projections.  So we are doing custom research manufacturing consultancy, holographic photo materials distribution.  And we have manufactured some nice machinery like pulse RGB lasers, digital holographic printers, imaging devices, high power lasers.  And we still are manufacturing analog holographic studios.  I am quite surprised but each year we are selling one analog equipment somewhere.  And we are also manufacturing special lasers for some scientific applications like nuclear fusion seedings and something like that.  So what is digital holography?  Digital holography by our definition is dot by dot photo materials exposing technique.  The object beam is formed by spatially modulating one of the laser radiation beam and another beam is used as reference beam.  And special modulation is performed by OCD displays, modulation patterns calculated by computer.  And information for pattern calculation is extracted from sequence of digital photographs.  And this digital photograph shooting is of course geographically separated from printing, like in usual photography.  And digital holography has of course very big advantage over analog holography because it has full color, repeatability.  You can adjust your scene with computer, you can get animation, great viewing angle, and we can make holograms in size of up to 1 to 1.5 meters.  But of course digital holography has its own limitations.  And the biggest of those limitations was production speed, computer generated scenes only when we entered this domain, and efficient, not efficient lighting.  And we have developed some solutions to that.  So production speed, we recently have developed new lasers with diode seeding, and we have invented a new hologram copying method that speed up very greatly digital holography.  Computer generated scenes only we have solved by inventing live scene capturing device and mobile phone holography.  And also we have made some efficient lightings.  And even more, we have found new application for digital holography, this is the stereoscopic projection screens.  So now let's go to each of those topics in more details.  So how this dot by dot exposure is done?  We are writing holo pixels.  It's pretty same like Zebra does writing their holo pixels and how it is done.  We are using LCD to display certain pattern and laser beam passes LCD and becomes an object beam.  After that we are focusing this object beam to square, which has size either 0.8 or 1.6 millimeters, and heating photo material.  From opposite side comes reference beam.  And exposure is done, then we are shifting holographic material and exposing it again and again and again.  And since we want to make color hologram, we need to expose each small square three times.  And we are doing that with post laser.  Now, from where to get this special modulation pattern?  It's very easy. We have, let's say, video file.  And we are extracting frames from this video file.  And after that we are taking from each of those frames, we are taking one pixel from each.  Pixel shows you have the same coordinates.  And from those pixels we are calculating one holo pixel, calculating pattern and projecting it to LCD and then exposing photo material.  So now from where to get those files for digital hologram?  It is also quite easy.  Yesterday you have seen camera that Frank is using here.  You can have one camera with wide angle, which goes just in front of the steam and makes shooting.  Also you can render frames in 3D design program, like 3D studio max or something like that.  Limitation of the scheme is that you see a viewing angle of this camera is quite wide and the scene is rather small.  So not all resolution of LCD is used to get the image of the scene.  So when we have entered digital holography, a lot needed to be done.  We needed a lot of tools.  First of all, photo material. Photo material did not exist at that time.  There was no civil light material, sensitive for post-radiation and being color.  Also we needed holographic printer, holographic copier, professional life imaging device, a motor life imaging device,  hologram lighting and of course we needed some applications.  And those just imaging applications are not really industrial ones. People prefer to have something more general.  So, photo materials needed.  Let's briefly discuss which photo material properties we need to consider.  It is silver halide, it should be, because photopolymer is not sensitive for post-halo-graphy.  And grain size, if you want to record color holograms, should be about 10 nanometers.  It should be panchromatic and also it should be available in industrial quantities.  So this material we have developed together with our partners from Russia, companies FiraS in 2000.  This material has grain size 10 nanometers.  Here are some properties of this photo material. You can find it in proceedings.  And this material is sensitive for RGB post and continuous wave radiations.  And our Russian partners can manufacture it in large quantities.  The volume coating is 1000 square meters.  And we have manufactured first digital holography printer in 2001.  This printer was able to print master hologram for future copying and also reflection holograms directly.  This printer was printing on photo-human photo plates,  with a pixel size and laser flashing frequency, it has 30 hertz.  This printer we are using until today and printing several meters per month each month.  And here is a picture of this first holography printer.  And to give you an idea which size it really was, here is another picture of this printer.  So you see it was quite big.  And now, but this printer has only 30 hertz laser, which is really not quite speedy.  So we have designed now second generation printer with L-Cos display.  It is a reflective display, not transmission.  And the display itself has very little losses.  So we can use less powerful laser and make this laser flash more frequently.  So with this new design printer we can go down to 25 x 25 millimeter holography pixels.  So increasing resolution and laser flashing frequency can go up to 200 hertz,  including the speed.  For that we have developed Pauster RGB Short-Cavity Laser, especially for that.  So now contact copying.  Of course if you want to make a lot of holograms, you cannot wait till printer will print dot by dot.  You need to copy them.  But usual contact copying, what it does?  You have laser beam, here is projection to master hologram plate.  Here you have your slit.  Slit we must to have because our holograms are big and there is not enough laser energy to illuminate all holograms surface at once.  So we need to have slit.  So usual holographic copying was running slit like that in this direction.  But then look what's happening.  We have our laser beam that hits master.  Master plays in perpendicular direction and reference beam and object beam matches only here.  That means that in this area and in this area noise will be recorded.  Which is not good, of course.  So what we did? We decided to run slit in this direction.  Very simple element solution.  So then we have this picture.  We have our laser beam that hits master hologram, master hologram restores.  And we have interference on who copy surface and we are not recording any noise.  Well almost any noise because you know the hologram replace also little inside.  But this method allows us to do quite nice hologram copies.  What we are lacking now is photo materials that would be sensitive more in blue region.  We can do copies with high efficiency in two colors red and green.  And blue gives only 50% efficiency from the master.  And here is how our hologram copy of laboratory prototype looks.  And here is real setup.  Here we have laser beam coming, adjusting beam, making slit.  And this mirror goes on this translation stage.  Direct slayers slit here and here we have our copying material.  So now about life-stain capturing.  As you have seen yesterday this device shoots only small use for region.  Which is not allowed to use all CCD surface.  And usually if you even will take the highest resolution camera here,  for 1.5 meter hologram you would need to have horizontal resolution of this high speed camera, 3,000 pixels.  I do not know if such cameras exist or not, but I believe that not yet.  So it is not really good for life imaging if you want to capture some big scene and imprinted on a huge hologram.  So instead of that we have developed this kind of equipment which has rotating camera.  It shoots only what is needed to be shot.  So then we can have 4.1 times 1.5 meter only this resolution.  And such camera exist, you can easily obtain them.  And we have constructed such kind of device.  This is our portable one, the first one you have seen it in Wales.  And here is studio that you also have seen in Wales.  And this device allows us to make professional video capture for holographic printing.  At the moment we have sold 9 of such devices and inquiry is welcome of course.  But this solution is good for professional hologram shooting.  And my goal always was to make digital holographic available for common people.  So for that we have invented mobile phone holography.  As you have seen before our hologram has rotating camera.  So what we have if we rotate a scene and have a studio camera.  This experiment is to perform in computer of course and what we did.  In 3D studio max we have modeled how it would look like, the sculptures.  Here is top row is images taken by rotating scene and steady camera.  And this is images taken by rotating camera and steady scene.  As you see they are quite different.  But this difference is not so big if we will take a look on the central part of the shots.  And central part looks almost identical.  So what we need to do is just this is a bit smaller.  So if we will reduce under certain algorithm side images.  We will have perfectly suited images for holographic printing.  And here you can see how they match.  That's how the holography became available to common people.  So in 3D he has mobile phone with high resolution.  So the guy is just asking his girl to swing head slowly from left to right.  From left to right this is important.  And after that the video that is shot by this mobile phone can be sent to us using the same mobile phone.  Because internet usually survive on mobile phone.  And we are printing hologram and sending it out.  So of course on the printed high-lumogram is how we are calling our digital hologram.  So here are the other body parts that we are rotating.  It will be three dimensional.  And background will be two dimensional.  But of course it is limitation.  But if you want to surprise your friends or to memorize your grandparents, children's pets.  I think this is very good stuff.  And that's made mobile phone holography available for everyone.  So now we have issues with lighting.  You know that full parallel parallax hologram lighting you can use only one light source.  Which is great limitation.  And if you want to have really bright hologram you need to have very bright point source.  That is difficult.  The solution because you have great energy waste here and here.  It's not good.  It was some assumption to solve this energy waste problem and trying to concentrate with parabolic reflectors.  Concentrate light to eliminate hologram.  But of course this solution is quite difficult to implement and too complicated.  But digital holograms, our digital holograms they have single parallax only.  And that means that we can use as many lights as we want.  Put them in vertical line and illuminate our hologram.  Of course we have some energy waste here.  But anyway it becomes already better.  But we can do it even better.  We can direct each light to certain surface on a hologram.  And still we have good holographic image replay.  So we have invented this kind of lighting.  This feature and each bulb can be rotated in two directions.  So you can really point where it need to be pointed.  And of course it brought us some usual application for holograms.  It's portrait, everybody knows that.  Everybody sees that.  So shooting is done with hologram, 5-6 inch hologram and printing and sending it out.  And we have as I said 9 holograms currently operating.  For museums we did some work.  For example here is hologram of mommy.  From one side it is covered with bandages.  And then it comes naked.  So images obtained from the scanner.  So again hologram shots and we are printing them.  Architecture it's easy to be visualized.  Here is holograms that we made for Ikuonakamura.  So in the middle we have house.  And on sides we have drawings of this house.  This is architectural installation that we made for DDB.  In Vilnius they were building new building.  And we made holograms of this building.  And designers made this kind of presentation.  Usually for architecture we are using 3D cut programs.  Engineering visualization from the same 3D cut programs can be done easily.  Medicine, this is interesting.  This hologram I made from tomographic slices.  I took them from internet, put some color.  And it became actually a document which you can use and you can store it.  And it is quite easy to see what is going on inside human body.  On one hologram.  You can be used for teaching what we did for some American companies.  Advertising, it's usual application.  Not interesting at all.  And holography for common people of course.  It's our recent application this year we started to advertise it.  And there is one unusual application that we also invented 2 years ago.  We created a new application called image plane.  And we suddenly realized that any reflection hologram which has image element that appears in front of the image plane  sends the light to form this image element.  And this reflection hologram ability to redirect illumination light to certain places in space can be used for autostero scoping needs.  And in digital holography cases it's quite easy to print reflection hologram with desired characteristics.  So how it works?  This is me.  And I'm looking to hologram which has one stripe.  I'm looking for a far distance and I see this stripe appearing in the air.  It's nice usual.  But when I'm placing my eye inside this stripe, so then I see full screen illuminated by this lamp.  So now what will happen if I will use two lamps?  One lamp will give one image element replayed and I will see it.  Another lamp will give another element replayed.  I also will see it.  So now I'm coming closer and suddenly my one eye see screen illuminated by one lamp and another eye see screen illuminated by another lamp.  So now let's replace those lamps with video projectors.  Focus them on the hologram surface.  And then we will have our two images delivered to our eyes and brain will calculate three dimensional pattern.  It's pretty similar like Frank has here.  Just we're using two projectors.  And this device is designed for one viewer.  The advantage is that we can use high definition projectors and deliver full high definition images directly to human eyes.  So here is our setup.  Here is real photographs of those two viewing zones.  And what is good with hologram using for this application is that our viewing zone depth was 15 centimeters.  That means that if you are 3D designer you can have high resolution images and comfortable work on your computer viewing them.  This is more something.  We will read that presentation.  And those which are advantages of this graphic, Autostereoscopic screens.  It's easy to manufacture.  Viewers not bound to strict distance from screen.  And video projectors, what is important, can be placed on tiny distance from screen.  I believe Frank in your system you have, you need to place projectors at certain distance probably.  But in our setup we can use any projectors.  We'll place them at tiny distance and we will have this stereoscopic.  So now we're coming to conclusions.  When Chola entered into this digital holographic business nothing was developed.  We needed photo material so our partners invented it with our help.  Holographic printer with post lasers invented by Chola.  And what is interesting at the same time, Zebra placed their patent.  Our patent application we have placed in 99 December in 2000 January Zebra placed their application for pretty similar printer but with continuous wave lasers.  Holographic copier invented.  Life imaging device also is done.  Mobile phone video holograms from lighting and applications.  Everything is done.  So I would say that digital holographic tools are developed.  So now to place that further to the market we need to have some industrial partners which I believe will come one day.  But indeed complete range of necessary equipment and materials for digital holographic has been developed.  Digital holographic geographically separates imaging of hologram printing and copying processes.  Life sense for the printing digital holograms form can be easily captured by common people.  Digital holograms can be printed and copied with speed needed for industrial applications.  And more digital holographic can be used to notice the rescopic projection screen manufacture.  That's it. Thank you.  Any questions.  In the copy machine is a laser full color or single color.  In copy machine we are using the same laser so that we have developed for printers.  So it's post lasers.  It's RGB full color.  And laser that we're using it's 660 for it.  532 for green and 440 for blue.  After development of the chemical processing we have usually wavelength shift.  So it becomes 640, 520 and 415.  So blue is really not nice.  But what I would like to point out that it is not like in usual analog holography.  In digital holography you can calculate the right white balance.  And even if you are using not the right wavelength you will have the right colors anyway.  Any more questions.  Question about your projector.  Can you project the still images or can you project the film or what is the quality for input let's say for projectors?  Yes we can project pretty everything.  We can project stereo pairs.  We can project stereo movies.  And there are even programs that you can easily obtain.  And those programs are producing stereo stream pairs.  So you can take usual DVD movie, put it into this program which costs 50 dollars.  And then you have two video stream outputs.  You really can watch any movie in 3D.  Dimension we have tested 640 times 480.  So it's a big display.  Thank you Stas.  Just a bit of a technical question here.  The sequence of colors when you are exposing the film is there a sequence?  Is it RGB or blue, green, red?  Actually it is black and white.  We are projecting inside the projector.  In the printer we are just making color separation on the software and then projecting black and white which we have obtained.  Three black and white.  Where?  In the sequence of exposure.  Ah, sequence of exposure.  Yes we are exposing first red, then green and then blue.  Actually that's why, first of all it happened historically.  When we were designing our first printer it was obvious that we want to have RGB projector so let's put these objectives RGB.  But then something like three years ago I have investigated that thing because we needed for copying  to define if it's important the order of exposure or not.  And I realized that indeed it should be RGB.  First we need to expose in red, after that in blue, in green and at the end of the day in blue.  And type things that it is because first of all we need to feel red levels, after that green levels and blue levels.  It's energies.  And if you are doing that in other order the results are not so good as in RGB.  I'm surprised.  Technical question, I don't quite understand how the pixels are formed.  Question is what determines the angle of view of the final hologram?  Is it the objective, the Microsoft objective that's printing?  And what is the maximum, what is the limitation on the view of the final hologram?  So indeed objective that we are using in our printer limits the viewing angle.  And if conditions are ideal, I mean conditions of eliminating hologram are ideal so then we can get to 89 degrees which is angle of objective.  But usually conditions are not ideal so most frequently you will get 75 degrees in horizontal and you will have 35 degrees in vertical.  More?  Okay.  Thank you.
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Good morning China, good morning world. So now we are having session on digital holography. And thank you Frank, thank you committee to invite me here. And I will give you presentation about Jealous Advances in Digital Holography. My talk will cover more than 10 years of our research and development including the latest ones that we performed this year. Can we switch off the light? Thank you. So advances in digital holography. First of all I would like to introduce you Jealous Company possess to doesn't know it yet. So Jealous means general objects laboratory. Jealous was founded in 1995 and in operations in there. And digital holography field we entered in 1998 after visiting exhibition where we were displaying our analog camera. And a lot of people were asking is it possible to reduce the image, is it possible to have colors and our answer then was no. So even somebody was asking us why you are here, digital photographers. So we decided to go to digital direction. And now we have basically two companies doing that. It is Jealous Digital Lithuania. We are doing research and experimental manufacturing. We have technologies in United Kingdom which does theoretical work and David Ratliff runs it. For those who still do not know where Lithuania is, Lithuania is here. It is nearby Poland and just across the sea to Sweden. So what we did good in holography? We have invented digital holographic printing with pulse lasers, hologram copying, imaging for digital holographic printing. And recently we have developed holographic reflection screens for autostereoscopic projections. So we are doing custom research manufacturing consultancy, holographic photo materials distribution. And we have manufactured some nice machinery like pulse RGB lasers, digital holographic printers, imaging devices, high power lasers. And we still are manufacturing analog holographic studios. I am quite surprised but each year we are selling one analog equipment somewhere. And we are also manufacturing special lasers for some scientific applications like nuclear fusion seedings and something like that. So what is digital holography? Digital holography by our definition is dot by dot photo materials exposing technique. The object beam is formed by spatially modulating one of the laser radiation beam and another beam is used as reference beam. And special modulation is performed by OCD displays, modulation patterns calculated by computer. And information for pattern calculation is extracted from sequence of digital photographs. And this digital photograph shooting is of course geographically separated from printing, like in usual photography. And digital holography has of course very big advantage over analog holography because it has full color, repeatability. You can adjust your scene with computer, you can get animation, great viewing angle, and we can make holograms in size of up to 1 to 1.5 meters. But of course digital holography has its own limitations. And the biggest of those limitations was production speed, computer generated scenes only when we entered this domain, and efficient, not efficient lighting. And we have developed some solutions to that. So production speed, we recently have developed new lasers with diode seeding, and we have invented a new hologram copying method that speed up very greatly digital holography. Computer generated scenes only we have solved by inventing live scene capturing device and mobile phone holography. And also we have made some efficient lightings. And even more, we have found new application for digital holography, this is the stereoscopic projection screens. So now let's go to each of those topics in more details. So how this dot by dot exposure is done? We are writing holo pixels. It's pretty same like Zebra does writing their holo pixels and how it is done. We are using LCD to display certain pattern and laser beam passes LCD and becomes an object beam. After that we are focusing this object beam to square, which has size either 0.8 or 1.6 millimeters, and heating photo material. From opposite side comes reference beam. And exposure is done, then we are shifting holographic material and exposing it again and again and again. And since we want to make color hologram, we need to expose each small square three times. And we are doing that with post laser. Now, from where to get this special modulation pattern? It's very easy. We have, let's say, video file. And we are extracting frames from this video file. And after that we are taking from each of those frames, we are taking one pixel from each. Pixel shows you have the same coordinates. And from those pixels we are calculating one holo pixel, calculating pattern and projecting it to LCD and then exposing photo material. So now from where to get those files for digital hologram? It is also quite easy. Yesterday you have seen camera that Frank is using here. You can have one camera with wide angle, which goes just in front of the steam and makes shooting. Also you can render frames in 3D design program, like 3D studio max or something like that. Limitation of the scheme is that you see a viewing angle of this camera is quite wide and the scene is rather small. So not all resolution of LCD is used to get the image of the scene. So when we have entered digital holography, a lot needed to be done. We needed a lot of tools. First of all, photo material. Photo material did not exist at that time. There was no civil light material, sensitive for post-radiation and being color. Also we needed holographic printer, holographic copier, professional life imaging device, a motor life imaging device, hologram lighting and of course we needed some applications. And those just imaging applications are not really industrial ones. People prefer to have something more general. So, photo materials needed. Let's briefly discuss which photo material properties we need to consider. It is silver halide, it should be, because photopolymer is not sensitive for post-halo-graphy. And grain size, if you want to record color holograms, should be about 10 nanometers. It should be panchromatic and also it should be available in industrial quantities. So this material we have developed together with our partners from Russia, companies FiraS in 2000. This material has grain size 10 nanometers. Here are some properties of this photo material. You can find it in proceedings. And this material is sensitive for RGB post and continuous wave radiations. And our Russian partners can manufacture it in large quantities. The volume coating is 1000 square meters. And we have manufactured first digital holography printer in 2001. This printer was able to print master hologram for future copying and also reflection holograms directly. This printer was printing on photo-human photo plates, with a pixel size and laser flashing frequency, it has 30 hertz. This printer we are using until today and printing several meters per month each month. And here is a picture of this first holography printer. And to give you an idea which size it really was, here is another picture of this printer. So you see it was quite big. And now, but this printer has only 30 hertz laser, which is really not quite speedy. So we have designed now second generation printer with L-Cos display. It is a reflective display, not transmission. And the display itself has very little losses. So we can use less powerful laser and make this laser flash more frequently. So with this new design printer we can go down to 25 x 25 millimeter holography pixels. So increasing resolution and laser flashing frequency can go up to 200 hertz, including the speed. For that we have developed Pauster RGB Short-Cavity Laser, especially for that. So now contact copying. Of course if you want to make a lot of holograms, you cannot wait till printer will print dot by dot. You need to copy them. But usual contact copying, what it does? You have laser beam, here is projection to master hologram plate. Here you have your slit. Slit we must to have because our holograms are big and there is not enough laser energy to illuminate all holograms surface at once. So we need to have slit. So usual holographic copying was running slit like that in this direction. But then look what's happening. We have our laser beam that hits master. Master plays in perpendicular direction and reference beam and object beam matches only here. That means that in this area and in this area noise will be recorded. Which is not good, of course. So what we did? We decided to run slit in this direction. Very simple element solution. So then we have this picture. We have our laser beam that hits master hologram, master hologram restores. And we have interference on who copy surface and we are not recording any noise. Well almost any noise because you know the hologram replace also little inside. But this method allows us to do quite nice hologram copies. What we are lacking now is photo materials that would be sensitive more in blue region. We can do copies with high efficiency in two colors red and green. And blue gives only 50% efficiency from the master. And here is how our hologram copy of laboratory prototype looks. And here is real setup. Here we have laser beam coming, adjusting beam, making slit. And this mirror goes on this translation stage. Direct slayers slit here and here we have our copying material. So now about life-stain capturing. As you have seen yesterday this device shoots only small use for region. Which is not allowed to use all CCD surface. And usually if you even will take the highest resolution camera here, for 1.5 meter hologram you would need to have horizontal resolution of this high speed camera, 3,000 pixels. I do not know if such cameras exist or not, but I believe that not yet. So it is not really good for life imaging if you want to capture some big scene and imprinted on a huge hologram. So instead of that we have developed this kind of equipment which has rotating camera. It shoots only what is needed to be shot. So then we can have 4.1 times 1.5 meter only this resolution. And such camera exist, you can easily obtain them. And we have constructed such kind of device. This is our portable one, the first one you have seen it in Wales. And here is studio that you also have seen in Wales. And this device allows us to make professional video capture for holographic printing. At the moment we have sold 9 of such devices and inquiry is welcome of course. But this solution is good for professional hologram shooting. And my goal always was to make digital holographic available for common people. So for that we have invented mobile phone holography. As you have seen before our hologram has rotating camera. So what we have if we rotate a scene and have a studio camera. This experiment is to perform in computer of course and what we did. In 3D studio max we have modeled how it would look like, the sculptures. Here is top row is images taken by rotating scene and steady camera. And this is images taken by rotating camera and steady scene. As you see they are quite different. But this difference is not so big if we will take a look on the central part of the shots. And central part looks almost identical. So what we need to do is just this is a bit smaller. So if we will reduce under certain algorithm side images. We will have perfectly suited images for holographic printing. And here you can see how they match. That's how the holography became available to common people. So in 3D he has mobile phone with high resolution. So the guy is just asking his girl to swing head slowly from left to right. From left to right this is important. And after that the video that is shot by this mobile phone can be sent to us using the same mobile phone. Because internet usually survive on mobile phone. And we are printing hologram and sending it out. So of course on the printed high-lumogram is how we are calling our digital hologram. So here are the other body parts that we are rotating. It will be three dimensional. And background will be two dimensional. But of course it is limitation. But if you want to surprise your friends or to memorize your grandparents, children's pets. I think this is very good stuff. And that's made mobile phone holography available for everyone. So now we have issues with lighting. You know that full parallel parallax hologram lighting you can use only one light source. Which is great limitation. And if you want to have really bright hologram you need to have very bright point source. That is difficult. The solution because you have great energy waste here and here. It's not good. It was some assumption to solve this energy waste problem and trying to concentrate with parabolic reflectors. Concentrate light to eliminate hologram. But of course this solution is quite difficult to implement and too complicated. But digital holograms, our digital holograms they have single parallax only. And that means that we can use as many lights as we want. Put them in vertical line and illuminate our hologram. Of course we have some energy waste here. But anyway it becomes already better. But we can do it even better. We can direct each light to certain surface on a hologram. And still we have good holographic image replay. So we have invented this kind of lighting. This feature and each bulb can be rotated in two directions. So you can really point where it need to be pointed. And of course it brought us some usual application for holograms. It's portrait, everybody knows that. Everybody sees that. So shooting is done with hologram, 5-6 inch hologram and printing and sending it out. And we have as I said 9 holograms currently operating. For museums we did some work. For example here is hologram of mommy. From one side it is covered with bandages. And then it comes naked. So images obtained from the scanner. So again hologram shots and we are printing them. Architecture it's easy to be visualized. Here is holograms that we made for Ikuonakamura. So in the middle we have house. And on sides we have drawings of this house. This is architectural installation that we made for DDB. In Vilnius they were building new building. And we made holograms of this building. And designers made this kind of presentation. Usually for architecture we are using 3D cut programs. Engineering visualization from the same 3D cut programs can be done easily. Medicine, this is interesting. This hologram I made from tomographic slices. I took them from internet, put some color. And it became actually a document which you can use and you can store it. And it is quite easy to see what is going on inside human body. On one hologram. You can be used for teaching what we did for some American companies. Advertising, it's usual application. Not interesting at all. And holography for common people of course. It's our recent application this year we started to advertise it. And there is one unusual application that we also invented 2 years ago. We created a new application called image plane. And we suddenly realized that any reflection hologram which has image element that appears in front of the image plane sends the light to form this image element. And this reflection hologram ability to redirect illumination light to certain places in space can be used for autostero scoping needs. And in digital holography cases it's quite easy to print reflection hologram with desired characteristics. So how it works? This is me. And I'm looking to hologram which has one stripe. I'm looking for a far distance and I see this stripe appearing in the air. It's nice usual. But when I'm placing my eye inside this stripe, so then I see full screen illuminated by this lamp. So now what will happen if I will use two lamps? One lamp will give one image element replayed and I will see it. Another lamp will give another element replayed. I also will see it. So now I'm coming closer and suddenly my one eye see screen illuminated by one lamp and another eye see screen illuminated by another lamp. So now let's replace those lamps with video projectors. Focus them on the hologram surface. And then we will have our two images delivered to our eyes and brain will calculate three dimensional pattern. It's pretty similar like Frank has here. Just we're using two projectors. And this device is designed for one viewer. The advantage is that we can use high definition projectors and deliver full high definition images directly to human eyes. So here is our setup. Here is real photographs of those two viewing zones. And what is good with hologram using for this application is that our viewing zone depth was 15 centimeters. That means that if you are 3D designer you can have high resolution images and comfortable work on your computer viewing them. This is more something. We will read that presentation. And those which are advantages of this graphic, Autostereoscopic screens. It's easy to manufacture. Viewers not bound to strict distance from screen. And video projectors, what is important, can be placed on tiny distance from screen. I believe Frank in your system you have, you need to place projectors at certain distance probably. But in our setup we can use any projectors. We'll place them at tiny distance and we will have this stereoscopic. So now we're coming to conclusions. When Chola entered into this digital holographic business nothing was developed. We needed photo material so our partners invented it with our help. Holographic printer with post lasers invented by Chola. And what is interesting at the same time, Zebra placed their patent. Our patent application we have placed in 99 December in 2000 January Zebra placed their application for pretty similar printer but with continuous wave lasers. Holographic copier invented. Life imaging device also is done. Mobile phone video holograms from lighting and applications. Everything is done. So I would say that digital holographic tools are developed. So now to place that further to the market we need to have some industrial partners which I believe will come one day. But indeed complete range of necessary equipment and materials for digital holographic has been developed. Digital holographic geographically separates imaging of hologram printing and copying processes. Life sense for the printing digital holograms form can be easily captured by common people. Digital holograms can be printed and copied with speed needed for industrial applications. And more digital holographic can be used to notice the rescopic projection screen manufacture. That's it. Thank you. Any questions. In the copy machine is a laser full color or single color. In copy machine we are using the same laser so that we have developed for printers. So it's post lasers. It's RGB full color. And laser that we're using it's 660 for it. 532 for green and 440 for blue. After development of the chemical processing we have usually wavelength shift. So it becomes 640, 520 and 415. So blue is really not nice. But what I would like to point out that it is not like in usual analog holography. In digital holography you can calculate the right white balance. And even if you are using not the right wavelength you will have the right colors anyway. Any more questions. Question about your projector. Can you project the still images or can you project the film or what is the quality for input let's say for projectors? Yes we can project pretty everything. We can project stereo pairs. We can project stereo movies. And there are even programs that you can easily obtain. And those programs are producing stereo stream pairs. So you can take usual DVD movie, put it into this program which costs 50 dollars. And then you have two video stream outputs. You really can watch any movie in 3D. Dimension we have tested 640 times 480. So it's a big display. Thank you Stas. Just a bit of a technical question here. The sequence of colors when you are exposing the film is there a sequence? Is it RGB or blue, green, red? Actually it is black and white. We are projecting inside the projector. In the printer we are just making color separation on the software and then projecting black and white which we have obtained. Three black and white. Where? In the sequence of exposure. Ah, sequence of exposure. Yes we are exposing first red, then green and then blue. Actually that's why, first of all it happened historically. When we were designing our first printer it was obvious that we want to have RGB projector so let's put these objectives RGB. But then something like three years ago I have investigated that thing because we needed for copying to define if it's important the order of exposure or not. And I realized that indeed it should be RGB. First we need to expose in red, after that in blue, in green and at the end of the day in blue. And type things that it is because first of all we need to feel red levels, after that green levels and blue levels. It's energies. And if you are doing that in other order the results are not so good as in RGB. I'm surprised. Technical question, I don't quite understand how the pixels are formed. Question is what determines the angle of view of the final hologram? Is it the objective, the Microsoft objective that's printing? And what is the maximum, what is the limitation on the view of the final hologram? So indeed objective that we are using in our printer limits the viewing angle. And if conditions are ideal, I mean conditions of eliminating hologram are ideal so then we can get to 89 degrees which is angle of objective. But usually conditions are not ideal so most frequently you will get 75 degrees in horizontal and you will have 35 degrees in vertical. More? Okay. Thank you.
development including the latest ones that we RGB lasers, digital holographic printers, imaging is used as reference beam. And special modulation shooting is of course geographically separated have invented a new hologram copying method that is shot by this mobile phone can be sent to us complicated. But digital holograms, our digital architecture we are using 3D cut programs. reflection hologram with desired characteristics. complete range of necessary equipment and separates imaging of hologram printing and copying processes. Life sense for the printing applications. And more digital holographic can be usual analog holography. In digital holography