The March of the Volunteers ( 义勇军进行曲 / 義勇軍進行曲 "Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ", [î.jʊ̀ŋ.tɕʏ́n tɕîn.ɕǐŋ.tɕʰʏ̀] ) is the title of the national anthem of the People's Republic of China. It was written by playwright Tian Han in 1934, and composed by Nie Er a year later. It was first adopted in 1949 when the nationalist government was overthrown. It also became the national anthems of Hong Kong in 1997 and Macao in 1999. In 2004, this anthem became embedded in the Chinese Constitution.