James Berton Rhoads (September 17, 1928 – April 7, 2015) was an American civil servant. He served as Fifth Archivist of the United States. He was born in Sioux City, Iowa. Rhoads received his B.A., in 1950, and M.A., in 1952, from the University of California at Berkeley. He later earned his Ph.D. from American University in Washington, DC.