Sophie Bledsoe Aberle (October 21, 1896 - October 1996) was an American anthropologist, physician and nutritionist. She got a Doctor of Philosophy in Genetics from Stanford University in 1927 and a Master's degree from Yale University in 1930. As a Native American, Aberle supported Native Americans in the southwestern United States. In 1951 President Harry S. Truman put Aberle to work on the first National Science Board.