Mildred Dresselhaus (born Mildred Spiewak; November 11, 1930 – February 20, 2017), also known as the "queen of carbon science", was an American nanotechnologist. She was the first female Institute Professor and professor emerita of physics and electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She also won many awards including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the National Medal of Science, the Enrico Fermi Award and the Vannevar Bush Award.