Caesar Petrovich Korolenko (; 3 October 1933 – 14 July 2020) was a Polish-born Russian psychiatrist. His scientific work was related to addictive disorders. He was a full time member of New York Academy of Sciences. He was also on the editorial board of "Anthropology & Medicine". Korolenko was Chair of psychiatry in the Novosibirsk Medical Institute from 1964 to 2006.