The Bankers Books Evidence Act, 1891
# THE BANKERS’ BOOKS EVIDENCE ACT, 1891
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 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
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SECTIONS

1. Title and extent.

2. Definitions.

2A. Conditions in the printout.

3. Power to extend provisions of Act.

4. Mode of proof of entries in bankers’ books.

5. Case in which officer of bank not compellable to produce books.

6. Inspection of books by order of Court or Judge.

7. Costs.

8. Order of court to be construed to be order made by specified officer.


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# THE BANKERS’ BOOKS EVIDENCE ACT, 1891

 ACT NO. 18 OF 1891



[1st October, 1890.]


# An Act to amend the Law of Evidence with respect to Bankers’ Books.


WHEREAS it is expedient to amend the Law of Evidence with respect to Bankers’ books; It is hereby

enacted as follows:—

**1. Title and extent.—(1) This Act may be called the Bankers’ Books Evidence Act, 1891.**

(2) It [1]extends to the whole of India [2][except the State of Jammu and Kashmir]; [3]***


4* - - - 

**2. Definitions.—In this Act, unless there is something repugnant in the subject or context,—**

5[(1) “company” means any company as defined in section 3 of the Companies Act, 1956

(1 of 1956), and includes a foreign company within the meaning of section 591 of that Act;

(1A) “corporation” means any body corporate established by any law for the time being in force

in India and includes the Reserve Bank of India, the State Bank of India and any subsidiary bank as
defined in the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 (38 of 1959);]

(2) “bank” and “banker” mean—


6[(a) any company or corporation carrying on the business of banking;]


(b) any partnership or individual to whose books the provisions of this Act shall have been

extended as hereinafter provided;


7[(c) any post office savings bank or money order office;]


8[(3) "bankers' books" include ledgers, day-books, cash-books, account books and all other records

used in the ordinary business of the bank, whether these records are kept in written form or stored in a
micro film, magnetic tape or in any other form of mechanical or electronic data retrieval mechanism,
either onsite or at any offsite location including a back-up or disaster recovery site of both;]

9[(4) “legal proceeding” means,—

(i) any proceeding or inquiry in which evidence is or may be given;


(ii) an arbitration; and


(iii) any investigation or inquiry under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), or

under any other law for the time being in force for the collection of evidence, conducted by a
police officer or by any other person (not being a magistrate) authorised in this behalf by a
magistrate or by any law for the time being in force;]

1. The Act has been extended in its application to the whole of the Union territory of Lakshadweep (with effect from 1-10-1967)

_vide Reg. 8 of 1965, s. 3 and the Schedule and to the Union territory of Pondicherry by Act 26 of 1968, s. 3 and the Schedule._
This Act shall apply in relation to the Development Banks as if that were a bank as defined in section 2 of this Act, vide Act 18
of 1964, s. 33.

2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and the Schedule, for “except Part B State”.
3. The word “and” rep. by Act 10 of 1914, s. 3 and the Second Schedule.
4. Sub-section (3) rep. by s. 3 and the Second Schedule, ibid.
5. Subs. by Act 56 of 1962, s. 4, for clause (1).
6. Subs. by s. 4, ibid., for sub-clause (a)
7. Added by Act 1 of 1893, s. 2.
8. Subs. by Act 55 of 2002, s. 11, for sub-section (3) (w.e.f. 6-2-2003).
9. Subs. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 2, for clause (4) (w.e.f. 15-2-1984).


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(5) “the Court” means the person or persons before whom a legal proceeding is held or taken;


(6) “Judge” means a Judge of a High Court Division;


(7) “trial” means any hearing before the Court at which evidence is taken; and

1[(8) “certified copy" means when the books of a bank,—

(a) are maintained in written form, a copy of any entry in such books together with a

certificate written at the foot of such copy that it is a true copy of such entry, that such entry
is contained in one of the ordinary books of the bank and was made in the usual and ordinary
course of business and that such books is still in the custody of the bank, and where the copy
was obtained by mechanical or other process which in itself ensured the accuracy of the copy,
a further certificate to that effect, but where the book from which such copy was prepared has
been destroyed in the usual course of the bank's business after the date on which the copy has
been so prepared, a further certificate to that effect, each such certificate being dated and
subscribed by the principal accountant or manager of the bank with his name and official
title; and

(b) consists of printouts of data stored in a floppy, disc, tape or any other

electro-magnetic data storage device, a printout of such entry or a copy of such printout
together with such statements certified in accordance with the provisions of section 2A.]

2[(c) a printout of any entry in the books of a bank stored in a micro film, magnetic tape

or in any other form of mechanical or electronic data retrieval mechanism obtained by a
mechanical or other process which in itself ensures the accuracy of such printout as a copy of
such entry and such printout contains the certificate in accordance with the provisions of
section 2A.]

3[2-A. Conditions in the printout.—A printout of entry or a copy of printout referred to in

sub-section (8) of section 2 shall be accompanied by the following, namely: —


(a) a certificate to the effect that it is a printout of such entry or a copy of such printout by the

principal accountant or branch manager ; and

(b) a certificate by a person in-charge of computer system containing a brief descriptions of the

computer system and the particulars of—


(A) the safeguards adopted by the system to ensure that data is entered or any other operation

performed only by authorised persons;

(B) the safeguards adopted to prevent and detect unauthorised change of data;

(C) the safeguards available to retrieve data that is lost due to systemic failure or any other

reasons;

(D) the manner in which data is transferred from the system to removable media like floppies,

discs, tapes or other electro-magnetic data storage devices;

(E) the mode of verification in order to ensure that data has been accurately transferred to

such removable media;

(F) the mode of identification of such data storage devices;

(G) the arrangements for the storage and custody of such storage devices;

1. Subs. by Act 21 of 2000, s. 93 and the third Schedule, for sub-section (8) (w.e.f. 17-10-2000).
2. Ins. by Act 55 of 2002, s. 11 (w.e.f. 6-2-2003).
3. Ins. by Act 21 of 2000, s. 93 and the third Schedule (w.e.f. 17-10-2000).


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(H) the safeguards to prevent and detect any tampering with the system; and any other factor

which will vouch for the integrity and accuracy of the system.

(c) a further certificate from the person in-charge of the computer system to the effect that to the

best of his knowledge and behalf, such computer system operated properly at the material time, he
was provided with all the relevant data and the printout in question represents correctly, or is
appropriately derived from, the relevant data.]

**3. Power to extend provisions of Act.—The State Government may, from time to time, by**

notification in the Official Gazette, extend the provisions of this Act to the books of any partnership or
individual carrying on the business of bankers within the territories under its administration, and keeping
a set of not less than three ordinary account-books, namely, a cashbook, a day-book or journal, and a
ledger, and may in like manner rescind any such notification.

**4. Mode of proof of entries in bankers’ books.—Subject to the provisions of this Act, a certified**

copy of any entry in a banker’s book shall in all legal proceedings be received as prima facie evidence of
the existence of such entry, and shall be admitted as evidence of the matters, transactions and accounts
therein recorded in every case where, and to the same extent as, the original entry itself is now by law
admissible, but not further or otherwise.

**5. Case in which officer of bank not compellable to produce books.—No officer of a bank shall in**

any legal proceeding to which the bank is not a party be compellable to produce any banker’s book the
contents of which can be proved under this Act, or to appear as a witness to prove the matters,
transactions and accounts therein recorded, unless by order of the Court or a Judge made for special
cause.

**6. Inspection of books by order of Court or Judge.—(1) On the application of any party to a legal**

proceeding the Court or a Judge may order that such party be at liberty to inspect and take copies of any
entries in a banker’s book for any of the purposes of such proceeding, or may order the bank to prepare
and produce, within a time to be specified in the order, certified copies of all such entries, accompanied
by a further certificate that no other entries are to be found in the books of the bank relevant to the matters
in issue in such proceeding, and such further certificate shall be dated and subscribed in manner
hereinbefore directed in reference to certified copies.

(2) An order under this or the preceding section may be made either with or without summoning the

bank, and shall be served on the bank three clear days (exclusive of bank holidays) before the same is to
be obeyed, unless the Court or Judge shall otherwise direct.

(3) The bank may at any time before the time limited for obedience to any such order as aforesaid

either offer to produce their books at the trial or give notice of their intention to show cause against such
order, and thereupon the same not be enforced without further order.

**7. Costs.—(1) The costs of any application to the Court or a Judge under or for the purposes of this**

Act and the costs of anything done or to be done under an order of the Court or a Judge made under or for
the purposes of this Act shall be in the discretion of the Court or Judge, who may further order such costs
or any part thereof to be paid to any party by the bank if they have been incurred in consequence of any
fault or improper delay on the part of the bank.

(2) Any order made under this section for the payment of costs to or by a bank may be enforced as if

the bank were a party to the proceeding.

(3) Any order under this section awarding costs may, on application to any Court of Civil Judicature

designated in the order, be executed by such Court as if the order were a decree for money passed by
itself:


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Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall be construed to derogate from any power which the

Court or Judge making the order may possess for the enforcement of its or his directions with respect to
the payment of costs.

1[8. Order of court to be construed to be order made by specified officer.—In the application of

sections 5, 6 and 7 to any investigation or inquiry referred to in sub-clause (iii) of clause (4) of section 2,
the order of al Court or a Judge referred to in the said sections shall be construed as referring to an order
made by an officer of a rank not lower than the rank of a Superintendent of Police as may be specified in
this behalf by the appropriate Government.

_Explanation.—In the this section, “appropriate Government” means the Government by which the_

police officer or any other person conducting the investigation or inquiry is employed.]


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1. Ins. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 2 (w.e.f. 15-2-1984).


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