The Broach and Kaira Incumbered Estates Act, 1877
# PREAMBLE.

SECTIONS.


[THE BROACH AND KAIRA INCUMBERED ESTATES ACT, 1877](http://www.bareactslive.com/MAH/mh724.htm#0)

_________

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS

_________

# I.—PRELIMINARY.


1. Short title.

Commencement.

2. Act No. XV of 1871 repealed.
3. Interpretation-clause.
“Thakur.”
“Heir.”
“Commissioner.”

# ________

 II.—OF THE APPLICATION AND PRELIMINARY INQUIRY.

4. Application for benefit of Act.
5. Order to enquire.
6. Verified statement to be submitted.

False averments in statement.

7. Report of enquiry and proceedings thereon.

________

# III.—OF THE ORDER OF MANAGEMENT.

8. “Order of management” to what it extends.

Commencement of management.

9. Effect of order of management.

Stay of pending proceedings, &c.
Bar of fresh proceedings.
The debtor incompetent—

to contract debts,
to encumber or alienate property,
to grant receipts for rent.

10. Manager to have powers of owner and to receive rents and profits:

to have powers of Collector for their recovery.

11. Manager to pay therefrom—

costs of management and repairs,
Government revenue, &c.,
rent due to superior holder,
allowance for maintenance and expenses of debtor and family,
cost of improvements, &c.

Residue how disposed of.

________

1


-----

# IV.—PROOF OF DEBTS AND SCHEME FOR LIQUIDATION.

SECTIONS.

12. Notice to claimants against debtor.

Copies of notice to be exhibited.

13. Claim to contain full particulars.

Documents to be given up.

Entries in books.

Power to exclude documents not produced with claim.

14. Claim not duly notified to be barred.

Admission of claims within further period of six months.

15. Determination of debts and liabilities.

16. Power to rank debts and to fix interest.

17. Scheme for liquidation.

Provisions of scheme.

18. Proceedings of Commissioner on submission of scheme.

19. Power to relinquish management.

________

# V. OF THE PROCEEDINGS SUBSEQUENT TO SANCTION OF THE LIQUIDATION-SCHEME.

20. Effects of sanctioning scheme.

21. Power to remove mortgagee in possession.

22. Power to inquire into consideration given for leases.

23. Power to lease.

24. Power to raise money by mortgage or sale.

25. Manager’s receipt a discharge.

26. Termination of management.

Restoration of owner.

27. Death of debtor during management.

28. Mortgages, &c., made by restored Thakur valid only for his life.

__________

2


-----

# VI.—OF APPEAL AND REVISION.

SECTIONS.

29. Appeal.

30. Power to call for proceedings and pass order thereon.

__________

# VII. MISCELLANEOUS.

31. Power to make rules.

32. Power to appoint new manager.

33. Managers and their agents to be public servants.

34. Investigation, a judicial proceeding.

35. Power to summon witnesses and compel production of documents.

36. Bar of suits.

37. Saving of jurisdiction of Courts in Broach and Kaira in respect of certain suits.

38. Exemption of certain Thakurs from certain provisions of Act.

39. Amendment of Bombay Act VI of 1862.

40. Taluqdari Settlement-officer to be—

deemed an officer under Bombay Act VI of 1862, section 1;

Assistant to certain Collectors.

41. Acts of Taluqdari Settlement officer valid.

3


-----

[THE BROACH AND KAIRA INCUMBERED ESTATES ACT, 1877](http://www.bareactslive.com/MAH/mh724.htm#0)

ACT NO. XIV OF 1877.

**_______**

# PASSED BY THE GOVERNOR GENERAL OF INDIA IN COUNCIL.

(Received the assent of the Governor General on the 28th June 1877.)

________

An Act to relieve from Incumbrances the estates of Thakurs in Broach and Kaira.

Preamble.—WHEREAS many Thakurs in the districts of Broach and Kaira are in debt, and their

immoveable property is subject to mortgages, charges and liens; and whereas it is expedient to provide for
their relief in manner hereinafter appearing; It is hereby enacted as follows:—

I.—PRELIMINARY.

**1. Short title.—This Act may be called “The Broach and Kaira Incumbered Estates Act, 1877:”**

**Commencement.—And it shall come into force on the passing thereof.**

**2. Act No. XV of 1871 repealed.—Act No. XV of 1871 (to relieve from incumbrances the estates** _of_

_Thakurs in Broach) is repealed: but all applications and appointments and rules made, all notices published,_
and all other things duly done, under the said Act, shall be deemed to have been respectively made,
published and done under this Act.

**3. Interpretation-clause. —In this Act—**

**“Thakur”.—“Thakur” means also taluqdar, Jagirdar and kasbati, and such other classes of holders of**

estates as the Local Government may, with the previous sanction of the Governor General in Council,
declare to be Thakurs for the purposes of this Act:

**“Heir”.—means the person for the time being entitled as heir to a Thakur:**

**“Commissioner”.—“Commissioner” means the Revenue Commissioner of the Northern Division of**

the Presidency of Bombay.

II.—OF THE APPLICATION AND PRELIMINARY INQUIRY.

**4. Application for benefit of Act.—At any time within twelve months after the passing of this Act,**

any Thakur,

or any person who would be sole heir or one of the heirs to such Thakur if he then died intestate,

may apply, in writing, to the Commissioner, stating that such Thakur is subject to debts or liabilities,

other than debts due, or liabilities incurred, to Government, or that his immoveable property is charged with
debts or liabilities other than as aforesaid, and requesting that the provisions of this Act be applied to his
case.

When any Thakur or other person entitled to make an application under this section is a minor, or of

unsound mind, or an idiot, such application may be made on his behalf by the guardian or other legal curator
of his person, or by the legally constituted administrator or manager of his estate.

4


-----

**5. Order to enquire.—When any such application is made by or on behalf of a Thakur, or the person**

who would be his sole heir if he then died, the Commissioner shall direct an enquiry to be made by such
officer as he thinks fit into the nature and amount of such debts and liabilities and the sufficiency of the
debtor’s property, whether moveable or immoveable, to discharge the same.

When such an application is made in any other case, it shall be in the discretion of the Commissioner,

subject to any general rules which may from time to time be made by the Governor of Bombay in Council
in this behalf, either to reject such application or to direct an enquiry to be made as aforesaid.

**6. Verified statement to be submitted.—When an enquiry has been directed under section 5, the**

applicant shall, within a period to be fixed by the Commissioner, submit to the officer appointed to make
such enquiry a statement duly verified by the said applicant, or by some other competent person, in the
manner required by law for the verification of plaints, and containing, so far as may be practicable, such
details as to the debts and liabilities, and as to the sufficiency of the debtor’s property, whether moveable
or immoveable, to meet the same, as the Commissioner, or the said officer, subject to his control, may
require.

**False averments in statement.—If any such statement contains any averment which the person**

making the verification knows or believes to be false, or does not know or believe to be true, such person
shall be deemed to have intentionally given false evidence within the meaning of the Indian Penal Code.

**7. Report of enquiry and proceedings thereon.—The officer so appointed, after making enquiry,**

shall submit a report of his proceedings to the Commissioner.

On receipt of such report, the Commissioner may—

(a) direct a further enquiry, or

(b) dismiss the application, or

(c) by order published in the Bombay Government Gazette, direct that the immoveable property of

the debtor shall be managed, and that his debts shall be liquidated, in the manner hereinafter provided,
by a manager.

The Taluqdari Settlement-officer for the time being shall, unless the Local Government in any case

otherwise directs, be such manager.

_______

# III.—OF THE ORDER OF MANAGEMENT.

**8. “Order of management” to what it extends.—Such order (hereinafter called “the order of**

management”) shall extend to all immoveable property of or to which the debtor is on the date of its
publication possessed or entitled in his own right, or which he is entitled to redeem, or which may be
acquired by or devolve on him during the continuance of the management, and to all debts and liabilities to
which he is subject, or which are charged on the whole or any part of his immoveable property on the said
date.

**Commencement of management.—The management shall be deemed to commence from the date on**

which the order is published.

**9. Effect of order of management.—On the publication of the order of management the following**

consequences shall ensue:

**Stay of pending proceedings, &c.—First, all proceedings then pending in any Civil Court in British**

India in respect to the debts and liabilities mentioned in section 8 shall be stayed; and the operation of all
processes, executions and attachments then in force, for or in respect of such debts and liabilities shall be
suspended;

5


-----

**Bar of fresh proceedings.—Secondly,** so long as the management continues, no fresh proceedings,

processes, executions or attachments shall be instituted in or issued by any Civil Court in British India in
respect of such debts and, liabilities;

**The debtor incompetent.—Thirdly,** so long as the management continues, the debtor shall be

incompetent—

**to contract debts,—(a)** to enter into any contract involving him in pecuniary liability, or

**to encumber or alienate property,—(b) to mortgage, charge, lease or alienate the property under**

management or any part thereof, or

**to grant receipts for rent,—(c) to grant valid receipts for the rents and profits arising or accruing**

therefrom:

Provided that nothing contained in this clause shall be deemed to preclude the manager from letting,

and the debtor from taking, the whole or any part of such property on such terms, consistent with this Act,
as may be agreed upon between the parties;

_Fourthly,_ so long as the management continues, no person other than the manager shall be competent

to mortgage, charge, lease or alienate such property or any part thereof.

**10. Manager to have powers of owner and to receive rents and profits: —The manager shall, during**

the management of the property, have all powers which the owner thereof might, as such, have legally
exercised, and shall receive and recover all rents and profits due in respect of the property under
management,

**to have powers of Collector for their recovery.—and for the purpose of recovering such rents and**

profits shall have, in addition to any powers possessed by a Thakur, all the powers possessed by a Collector,
under the law for the time being in force, for securing and recovering land-revenue due to Government:

Provided that he shall not, before the liquidation scheme hereinafter mentioned has been sanctioned, demise
the property under management, or any part thereof, for any term exceeding two years, to take effect in
possession.

**11. Manager to pay there from—From the sums received or recovered under section 10, the manager**

shall pay—

**Costs of management and repairs.—First,** Costs of management and repairs, the costs of the

management, including the costs of necessary repairs;

**Government revenue, &c.,—Secondly Government revenue, &c., the Government revenue and all**

debts and liabilities for the time being due or incurred to Government in respect of the property under
management;

**Rent due to superior holder,—Thirdly,** the rent (if any) due to any superior holder in respect of the

said property;

**Allowance for maintenance and expenses of debtor and family.—Fourthly** such periodical

allowance as the Commissioner may from time to time fix for the maintenance and other necessary expenses
of the and of such members of his family as the Commissioner directs;

**Cost of improvements, &c.—Fifthly,** the cost of such improvements of the said property as he thinks

necessary, and as are approved by the Commissioner.

**Residue how disposed of.—The residue shall be retained by the manager for the liquidation, in manner**

hereafter provided, of the debts and liabilities mentioned in section 8 other than those so due or incurred to
Government.

# ______

6


-----

# IV.—PROOF OF DEBTS AND SCHEME FOR LIQUIDATION.

**12. Notice to claimants against debtor.—On the publication of the order of management, the manager**

shall publish in the Bombay _Government Gazette a notice in English and Gujarathi calling upon all persons_
having claims against the debtor or the property under management, to notify the same in writing to such
manager within six from the date of the publication.

**Copies of notice to be exhibited.—He shall also cause copies of such notice to be exhibited at the**

Mamlatdars’ kachahris in the district in which the said property lies, and at such other places as he thinks
fit.

**13. Claim to contain full particulars.—Every such claimant shall, along with his claim, present full**

particulars thereof.

**Documents to be given up.—Every document on which the claimant founds his claim, or on which he**

relies in support thereof, shall be delivered to the manager along with the claim.

**Entries in books.—If the document be an entry in any book, the claimant shall produce the book to**

the manager together with a copy of the entry which he relies. The manager shall mark the book for the
purpose of identification, and, after examining and comparing the copy with the original, shall return the
book to the claimant.

**Power to exclude documents not produced with claim.—If any document in the possession or under**

the control of the claimant is not delivered or produced by him to the manager along with the claim, the
manager may refuse to receive such document in evidence on the claimant’s behalf at the investigation of
the case.

**14. Claim not duly notified to be barred.—Every such claim (other than claims of the Government)**

not notified to the manager within the time and in the manner required by such notice shall, except as
provided in section 19, clause (d), be deemed for all purposes and on all occasions, whether during the
continuance of the management or afterwards, to have been duly discharged:

**Admission of claims within further period of six months.—Provided that, when proof is made to the**

manager that the claimant was unable to comply with the visions of section 12, the manager may receive
such claim within the further period of six months from the expiration of the original period of six months.

**15. Determination of debts and liabilities.—The manager shall inquire into the history and merits of**

every claim received under sections 12 and 14, and shall, in accordance with the rules to be made under
this Act, determine the amount of debts and liabilities (if any) justly due to the several claimants.

**16. Power to rank debts and to fix interest.—If such amount cannot be paid at once, the manager**

shall then proceed to rank such debts and liabilities according to the order in which they shall be paid, and
to fix the interest (if any) to be paid thereon, respectively, from the date of the final decision thereon to the
date of the payment and discharge thereof.

**17. Scheme for liquidation.—When the total amount of the debts and liabilities (including those due**

and incurred to Government) has been finally determined, the manager shall prepare and submit to the
Commissioner a schedule of such debts and liabilities, and a scheme (hereinafter called the
liquidation scheme) shewing the mode in which it is proposed to pay and discharge the same, whether from
the income of the property under management, or with the aid of funds raised under the powers hereinafter
conferred, or partly in one of such ways and partly in the other.

**Provisions of scheme.—Every such scheme shall further provide for the continuance of the payments**

to be made by the manager under section 11, and may provide for the improvement of the property under

7


-----

management either from the said income or with the aid of the funds raised as aforesaid, or partly in one of
such ways and partly in the other.

**18. Proceedings of Commissioner on submission of scheme.—The Commissioner may—**

(a) as often as he thinks fit send back such scheme to the manager for revision, and direct him to

make such further inquiry as may be requisite for the proper preparation of the scheme, or

(b) sanction any liquidation-scheme, or any revised liquidation-scheme, submitted to him, either as

it stands, or subject to such modifications as he may deem expedient.

**19. Power to relinquish management.—At any time before he has sanctioned a liquidation-scheme**

under section 18, the Commissioner may, by an order published in the Bombay Government Gazette, direct
that on a date fixed by such order the management shall be relinquished.

On the date so fixed—

(a) the management shall terminate;

(b) the owner of the property under management shall be restored to the possession thereof, subject

to any leases made under section 10;

(c) any residue of the rents and profits of the said property, retained under the last clause of

section 11, shall be paid to him; and

(d) the proceedings, processes, executions and attachments stayed and suspended under section 9,

and the debts and liabilities barred by section 14, shall revive.

In calculating the periods of limitation applicable to suits to recover and enforce debts and liabilities

revived under this section, the time during which the management has continued shall be excluded.

_______

# V.—OF THE PROCEEDINGS SUBSEQUENT TO SANCTION

OF THE LIQUIDATION-SCHEME.

**20. Effects of sanctioning scheme.—When the Commissioner sanctions the liquidation-scheme, he**

shall notify the fact of such sanction at such places and in such manner as the Local Government may from
time to time by rule direct; and thereupon—

1st, all proceedings, processes, executions and attachments stayed or suspended under

section 9 shall be for ever barred, and

2nd, every debt or liability due or owing to any person which was proveable before the manager

shall be extinguished, and such person shall be entitled to receive under the liquidation-scheme the
amount (if any) finally awarded to him under Part IV of this Act in respect of such debt or liability.

**21. Power to remove mortgagee in possession.—If the property under management or any part thereof**

be in the possession of a mortgagee or conditional vendee, the manager, at any time after the
liquidation-scheme has been sanctioned as aforesaid, may, by an order in writing, require such
incumbrancer to deliver up possession of the same to him at the end of the then current revenue year.

If such incumbrancer refuse or neglect to obey such order, the manager may, without resorting to a

Civil Court, enter upon the property and summarily evict therefrom the said incumbrancer and any other
person obstructing or resisting on his behalf.

Nothing in this section shall be held to affect the right of any incumbrancer to receive, under the

liquidation-scheme, the amount (if any) awarded to him under Part IV of this Act.

**22. Power to inquire into consideration given for leases.—If the property under management or any**

part thereof be in the possession of any person claiming to hold under a lease dated within the three years

8


-----

immediately preceding the commencement of the management, the manager may inquire into the
sufficiency of the consideration for which the lease was given; and if such consideration appear to him
insufficient, may by order, with the consent of the Commissioner, at any time after the liquidation-scheme
has been sanctioned as aforesaid, either set aside the lease or require the person so in possession to pay such
consideration for the said lease as the manager thinks fit, and in default of such payment, the lease shall be
cancelled.

**23. Power to lease.—Subject to the rules made under section 31, the manager, after the**

liquidation-scheme has been sanctioned as aforesaid, shall have power to demise all or any part of the
property under management for any term of years not exceeding twenty years absolute, to take effect in
possession, in consideration of the payment to him of any fine, or without fine, and reserving such rents,
and under such conditions, as may be agreed upon.

**24. Power to raise money by mortgage or sale.—At any time after the liquidation-scheme has been**

sanctioned as aforesaid, the manager, with the previous assent of the Commissioner, shall have power to
raise any money which may be required for carrying out such scheme—

(a) by mortgaging the whole or any part of the property under management for a term not exceeding

twenty years from the publication of the order of management; or

(b) by charging the whole or any part of such property; or

(c) by selling, by public auction or by private contract, and upon such terms as the manager thinks

fit, such portion of the said property as may appear expedient.

**25. Manager’s receipt a discharge.—The manager’s receipt for any moneys, rents or profits raised or**

received by him under this Act, shall discharge the person paying the same therefrom and from being
concerned to see to the application thereof.

**26. Termination of management.—When the debts and liabilities mentioned in the**

liquidation-scheme have been paid and discharged as therein provided, or in such other manner as the
Commissioner thinks fit, the manager shall publish in the Bombay Government Gazette a notice fixing a
date for the termination of the management.

**Restoration of owner.—On the date so fixed the management shall terminate, and the owner shall be**

restored to the possession and enjoyment of the property under management, or of such part thereof as has
not been sold by the manager under the power conferred by section 24, but subject to the leases and
mortgages (if any) granted and made by the manager under the powers conferred by sections 10, 23 and 24.

**27. Death of debtor during management.—If the debtor dies after the publication of the order of**

management and before the management has been terminated in either of the modes hereinbefore
provided—

1st, the management shall continue and proceed in all respects as if such debtor were still living;

2ndly, any person succeeding to the whole or any portion of the property under management shall,

while such management continues, be subject in respect of such property to the disabilities imposed by
clauses (b) and (c) of section 9; and

3rdly, no Civil Court in British India shall, during the continuance of the management, issue any

attachment or other process against any portion of the property under management, for or in respect of any
debt or liability incurred by any such person whether before or after his said succession.

**28. Mortgages, &c., made by restored Thakur valid only his life.—When a Thakur has been restored**

under section 26 to the possession of any property, no mortgage, charge, lease or alienation of such property,
or of any part thereof, made by such Thakur, shall be valid as to any time beyond his natural life.

_______

9


-----

# VI.—OF APPEAL AND REVISION.

**29. Appeal.—An appeal against any decision or order under sections 14, 15, 16 and 22 or imposing a**

fine or imprisonment in exercise of the powers conferred by section 35, shall lie to the Commissioner, if
preferred within six weeks from the date of such decision or order.

There shall be no appeal against the decision of the Commissioner on such appeal.

**30. Power to call for proceedings and pass order thereon.—The Commissioner may, of his own**

motion or on the application of any person concerned, call for the proceedings in any case under this Act,
and pass such order thereon, consistent with the provisions of this Act, as he thinks fit.

________

# VII.—MISCELLANEOUS.

**31. Power to make rules.—The Local Government may, from time to time, make rules consistent with**

this Act—

(a) to regulate the security to be required from subordinate officers under this Act;

(b) to regulate the procedure in all cases under this Act;

(c) for the guidance of officers enquiring into and determining on claims under Part IV of this Act;

and in particular as to the allowance of interest (if any) on each of the principal debts and liabilities so
determined, from the date on which it was incurred down to the date of the determination, and on the
aggregate amount of such debts and liabilities from the date of the determination down to the date of
payment, and as to the order of paying debts and liabilities;

(d) for investing any moneys received or raised by the manager under this Act in any Government

securities of British India, and for the sale of such securities, and

(e) generally to carry out the provisions of this Act.

Such rules shall be published in the Bombay Government Gazette, and when so published shall have
the force of law.

**32. Power to appoint new manager.—The Local Government may suspend or remove any manager,**

and may appoint any officer in the stead of any manager appointed under this Act; and thereupon the
management then vested under this Act in the former manager shall become vested in the new manager.

Every such new manager shall have the same powers as if he had been originally appointed.

**33. Managers and their agents to be public servants.—Every manager appointed under this Act and**

every agent of such manager shall be deemed a public servant within the meaning of the Indian Penal Code.

**34. Investigation, a judicial proceeding.—Every investigation conducted by the manager with**

reference to any claim preferred before him under this Act, or to any matter connected with any such claim,
shall be taken to be a judicial proceeding within the meaning of the Indian Penal Code.

**35. Power to summon witnesses and compel production of documents.—For the purposes of this**

Act, the manager and any officer making an enquiry under section 5 may summon and enforce the
attendance of witnesses and compel them to give evidence, and compel the production of documents, by
the same means and, as far as possible, in the same manner, as is provided in the case of a Civil Court by
the Code of Civil Procedure.

**36. Bar of suits.—No suit or other proceeding shall be maintained against any person in respect of**

anything done by him bona fide pursuant to this Act.

10


-----

**37. Saving of jurisdiction of Courts in Broach and Kaira in respect of certain suits.—Nothing in**

this Act precludes the Courts in Broach and Kaira having jurisdiction in suits relating to the succession to
any immoveable property brought under the operation of this Act from entertaining and disposing of such
suits; but to all such suits the manager of such property shall be made a party.

**38. Exemption of certain Thakurs from certain provisions of Act.—Nothing in section 9 shall be**

deemed to render any of the following Thakurs, namely, the Thakur of Ahmod, the Thakur of Sarod, the
Thakur of Kerwara, the Thakur of Dehej, and the Thakur of Janiadra incompetent to enter into contracts
involving him in pecuniary liability, nor shall anything in section 28 apply to any of the said Thakurs:

Provided that, if any such Thakur has, since the scheme for the settlement of his debts and liabilities

was approved under section 11 of the said Act No. XV of 1871, enter into any contract involving him in
pecuniary liability exceeding the average annual income derived during the previous five years from his
immoveable property after deducting therefrom the land-tax and other dues of Government, the Local
Government may, by notification in the Bombay Government Gazette, declare that the exemption made by
the former part of this section shall cease in his case, and thereupon such exemption shall cease accordingly.

**39. Amendment of Bombay Act VI of 1862.—And whereas doubts have been raised as to the validity**

of Bombay Act No. VI of 1862 (for the amelioration of the condition of Taluqdars in the Ahmedabad
_Collectorate, and for their relief from debt)_ so far as it purports to affect the High Court of Judicature at
Bombay, for the purpose of precluding such doubts, it is hereby further enacted that the said Act, so far as
it purports to affect the said High Court, shall be deemed to be and to have been valid.

**40. Taluqdari Settlement-officer to be.—The said Taluqdari Settlement-officer for the time being**

shall, unless the Local Government in any case otherwise directs, be—

(a) **deemed an officer under Bombay Act VI of 1862, section 1;—deemed to be an officer**

appointed under section 1 of the said Bombay Act No. VI of 1862, to manage all estates with respect
to which a declaration is or has been made and published under the said section;—

(b) **Assistant to certain Collectors.—an Assistant to the respective Collectors of Ahmedabad,**

Kaira and Broach.

**41. Acts of Taluqdari Settlement-officer valid.—Nothing heretofore done by any Taluqdari**

Settlement-officer shall be deemed to be or to have been invalid by reason only of his not having been duly
appointed,

(a) under section 1 of the said Bombay Act No. VI of 1862, to manage any estates with respect to

which a declaration has been made under the said section, or

(b), to be a manager under the said Act No. XV of 1871, or

(c), to be an Assistant to the respective Collectors of Ahmedabad, Kaira and Broach.

11


-----

