The Prevention of Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1988
# THE PREVENTION OF ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT, 1988 _______________

 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS ____________

SECTIONS
1. Short title, extent and commencement.
2. Definitions.
3. Power to make orders detaining certain persons.
4. Execution of detention orders.
5. Power to regulate place and conditions of detention.
6. Grounds of detention severable.
7. Detention orders not to be invalid or inoperative on certain grounds.
8. Powers in relation to absconding persons.
9. Advisory Boards.
10. Cases in which and circumstances under which persons may be detained for periods longer than
three months without obtaining the opinion of Advisory Board.
11. Maximum period of detention.
12. Revocation of detention orders
13. Temporary release of persons detaine
14. Protection of action taken in good faith
15. [Repealed.]
16. Repeal and saving

1


-----

# THE PREVENTION OF ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT, 1988

 ACT NO. 46 OF 1988

[6[th]September, 1988.]

# An Act to provide for detention in certain cases for the purpose of preventing illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and for matters connected therewith.

WHEREAS illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances poses a serious threat to the
health and welfare of the people and the activities of persons engaged in such illicit traffic have a
deleterious effect on the national economy;

ANDWHEREAS having regard to the persons by whom and the manner in which such activities are
organised and carried on, and having regard to the fact that in certain areas which are highly vulnerable to
the illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, such activities of a considerable
magnitude are clandestinely organised and carried on, it is necessary for the effective prevention of such
activities to provide for detention of persons concerned in any manner therewith.

BE it enacted by Parliament in the Thirty-ninth Year of the Republic of India as follows:—

**1. Short title, extent and commencement.—(1) This Act may be called the Prevention of Illicit**
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1988.

(2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir*.

(3) It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 4th day of July, 1988.

**2. Definitions.—In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—**

(a) “appropriate Government” means, as respects a detention order made by the Central
Government or by an officer of the Central Government, or a person detained under such order, the
Central Government, and as respects a detention order made by a State Government or by an officer
of a State Government, or a person detained under such order, the State Government;

(b) “customs airport” means any airport appointed under clause (a) of section 7 of the Customs
Act, 1962 (52 of 1962) to be a customs airport;

(c) “detention order” means an order made under section 3;

(d) “foreigner” has the same meaning as in the Foreigners Act, 1946 (31 of 1946);

(e) “illicit traffic”, in relation to narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, means—

(i) cultivating any coca plant or gathering any portion of coca plant;

(ii) cultivating the opium poppy or any cannabis plant;

(iii) engaging in the production, manufacture, possession, sale, purchase, transportation,
warehousing, concealment, use or consumption, import inter-State, export inter-State, import into
India, export from India or transhipment, of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances;

(iv) dealing in any activities in narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances other than those
provided in sub-clauses (i) to (iii); or

   - _Vide notification No. S.O. 3912(E), dated 30th October, 2019, this Act is made applicable to the Union territory of Jammu and_
Kashmir and the Union territory of Ladakh.

2


-----

(v) handling or letting any premises for the carrying on of any of the activities referred to in
sub-clauses (i) to (iv),

other than those permitted under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (61 of
1985), or any rule or order made, or any condition of any licence, term or authorisation issued,
thereunder and includes—

(1) financing, directly or indirectly, any of the aforementioned activities;

(2) abetting or conspiring in the furtherance of or in support of doing any of the
aforementioned activities; and

(3) harbouring persons engaged in any of the aforementioned activities;

(f) “Indian customs waters” has the same meaning as in clause (28) of section 2 of the Customs
Act, 1962 (52 of 1962);

(g) “State Government”, in relation to a Union territory, means the Administrator thereof;

(h) words and expressions used herein but not defined, and defined in the Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (61 of 1985), have the meanings respectively assigned to them in
that Act.

**3. Power to make orders detaining certain persons.—(1) The Central Government or a State**
Government, or any officer of the Central Government, not below the rank of a Joint Secretary to that
Government, specially empowered for the purposes of this section by that Government, or any officer of a
State Government, not below the rank of a Secretary to that Government, specially empowered for the
purposes of this section by that Government, may, if satisfied, with respect to any person (including a
foreigner) that, with a view to preventing him from engaging in illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and
psychotropic substances, it is necessary so to do, make an order directing that such person be detained.

(2) When any order of detention is made by a State Government or by an officer empowered by a
State Government, the State Government shall, within ten days, forward to the Central Government a
report in respect of the order.

(3) For the purposes of clause (5) of article 22 of the Constitution, the communication to a person
detained in pursuance of a detention order of the grounds on which the order has been made shall be made
as soon as may be after the detention, but ordinarily not later than five days, and in exceptional
circumstances and for reasons to be recorded in writing not later than fifteen days, from the date of
detention.

**4. Execution of detention orders.—A detention order may be executed at any place in India in the**
manner provided for the execution of warrants of arrest under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of
1974).

**5. Power to regulate place and conditions of detention.—Every person in respect of whom a**
detention order has been made shall be liable—

(a) to be detained in such place and under such conditions including conditions as to
maintenance, interviews or communication with others, discipline and punishment for breaches of
discipline, as the appropriate Government may, by general or special order, specify; and

(b) to be removed from one place of detention to another place of detention, whether within the
same State or in another State by order of the appropriate Government:

Provided that no order shall be made by a State Government under clause (b) for the removal of a
person from one State to another State except with the consent of the Government of that other State.

3


-----

**6. Grounds of detention severable.—Where a person has been detained in pursuance of an order of**
detention under sub-section (1) of section 3 which has been made on two or more grounds, such order of
detention shall be deemed to have been made separately on each of such grounds and accordingly—

(a) such order shall not be deemed to be invalid or inoperative merely because one or some of the
grounds is or are—

(i) vague,

(ii) non-existent,

(iii) not relevant,

(iv) not connected or not proximately connected with such person, or

(v) invalid for any other reason whatsoever,

and it is not therefore possible to hold that the Government or officer making such order would have
been satisfied as provided in sub-section (1) of section 3 with reference to the remaining ground or
grounds and made the order of detention;

(b) the Government or officer making the order of detention shall be deemed to have made the
order of detention under the said sub-section (1) after being satisfied as provided in that sub-section
with reference to the remaining ground or grounds.

**7. Detention orders not to be invalid or inoperative on certain grounds.— No detention order**
shall be invalid or inoperative merely by reason—

(a) that the person to be detained thereunder is outside the limits of the territorial jurisdiction of
the Government or the officer making the order of detention; or

(b) that the place of detention of such person is outside the said limits.

**8. Powers in relation to absconding persons.—(1) If the appropriate Government has reason to**
believe that a person in respect of whom a detention order has been made has absconded or is concealing
himself so that the order cannot be executed, that Government may—

(a) make a report in writing of the fact to a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Magistrate of the first
class having jurisdiction in the place where the said person ordinarily resides; and thereupon the
provisions of sections 82, 83, 84 and 85 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974) shall
apply in respect of the said person and his property as if the order directing that he be detained were a
warrant issued by the Magistrate;

(b) by order notified in the Official Gazette direct the said person to appear before such officer, at
such place and within such period as may be specified in the order; and if the said person fails to
comply with such direction, he shall, unless he proves that it was not possible for him to comply
therewith and that he had, within the period specified in the order, informed the officer mentioned in
the order of the reason which rendered compliance therewith impossible and of his whereabouts, be
punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), every
offence under clause (b) of sub- section (1) shall be cognizable.

**9. Advisory Boards.—For the purposes of sub-clause (a) of clause (4) and sub-clause (c) of**
clause (7) of article 22 of the Constitution,—

(a) the Central Government and each State Government shall, whenever necessary, constitute one
or more Advisory Boards each of which shall consist of a Chairman and two other persons possessing
the qualifications specified in sub-clause (a) of clause (4) of article 22 of the Constitution;

4


-----

(b) save as otherwise provided in section 10, the appropriate Government shall, within five weeks
from the date of detention of a person under a detention order, make a reference in respect thereof to
the Advisory Board constituted under clause (a) to enable the Advisory Board to make the report
under sub-clause (a) of clause (4) of article 22 of the Constitution;

(c) the Advisory Board to which a reference is made under clause (b) shall after considering the
reference and the materials placed before it and after calling for such further information as it may
deem necessary from the appropriate Government or from any person called for the purpose through
the appropriate Government or from the person concerned, and if, in any particular case, it considers
it essential so to do or if the person concerned desires to be heard in person, after hearing him in
person, prepare its report specifying in a separate paragraph thereof its opinion as to whether or not
there is sufficient cause for the detention of the person concerned and submit the same within eleven
weeks from the date of detention of the person concerned;

(d) when there is a difference of opinion among the members forming the Advisory Board, the
opinion of the majority of such members shall be deemed to be the opinion of the Board;

(e) a person against whom an order of detention has been made under this Act shall not be
entitled to appear by any legal practitioner in any matter connected with the reference to the Advisory
Board and the proceedings of the Advisory Board and its report, excepting that part of the report in
which the opinion of the Advisory Board is specified, shall be confidential;

(f) in every case where the Advisory Board has reported that there is in its opinion sufficient
cause for the detention of a person, the appropriate Government may confirm the detention order and
continue the detention of the person concerned for such period as it thinks fit and in every case where
the Advisory Board has reported that there is in its opinion no sufficient cause for the detention of the
person concerned, the appropriate Government shall revoke the detention order and cause the person
to be released forthwith.

**10. Cases in which and circumstances under which persons may be detained for periods longer**
**than three months without obtaining the opinion of Advisory Board.—(1) Notwithstanding anything**
contained in this Act, any person (including a foreigner) in respect of whom an order of detention is made
under this Act at any time before the [1][31st day of July, 1999] may be detained without obtaining, in
accordance with the provisions of sub-clause (a) of clause (4) of article 22 of the Constitution, the opinion
of an Advisory Board for a period longer than three months but not exceeding six months from the date of
his detention, where the order of detention has been made against such person with a view to preventing
him from engaging in illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and the Central
Government or any officer of the Central Government, not below the rank of an Additional Secretary to
that Government, specially empowered for the purposes of this section by that Government, is satisfied
that such person engages or is likely to engage in illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic
substances into, out of, through or within any area highly vulnerable to such illicit traffic and makes a
declaration to that effect within five weeks of the detention of such person.

_Explanation1.—In this sub-section, “area highly vulnerable to such illicit traffic” means—_

(i) the India customs waters;

(ii) the customs airports;

(iii) the metropolitan cities of Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi, Madras and the city of Varanasi;

1. Subs. by Act 16 of 1996, s. 2, for “31st day of July, 1996” (w.e.f. 30-7-1990).

5


-----

(iv) the inland area one hundred kilometres in width from the coast of India falling within the
territories of the States of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa,
Tamil Nadu and West Bengal and the Union territories of Daman and Diu and Pondicherry;

(v) the inland area one hundred kilometres in width from—

(a) the India-Pakistan border in the States of Gujarat, Punjab and Rajasthan;

(b) the India-Nepal border in the States of Bihar, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal;

(c) the India-Burma border in the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and
Nagaland;

(d) the India-Bangladesh border in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and West
Bengal;

(e) the India-Bhutan border in the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim and West
Bengal;

(vi) such other area or customs station, as the Central Government may, having regard to the
vulnerability of such area or customs station, as the case may be, to illicit traffic, by notification in the
Official Gazette, specify in this behalf.

_Explanation 2.—For the purposes of_ _Explanation 1, “customs station” has the same meaning as in_
clause (13) of section 2 of the Customs Act, 1962 (52 of 1962).

(2) In the case of any person detained under a detention order to which the provisions of sub-section
(1) apply, section 9 shall have effect subject to the following modifications, namely:—

(i) in clause (b), for the words “shall, within five weeks”, the words “shall, within four months
and two weeks” shall be substituted;

(ii) in clause (c),—

(a) for the words “the detention of the person concerned”, the words “the continued detention
of the person concerned” shall be substituted;

(b) for the words “eleven weeks”, the words “five months and three weeks” shall be
substituted;

(iii) in clause (f), for the words “for the detention”, at both the places where they occur, the words
“for the continued detention” shall be substituted.

**11. Maximum period of detention.—The maximum period for which any person may be detained in**
pursuance of any detention order to which the provisions of section 10 do not apply and which has been
confirmed under clause (f) of section 9 shall be one year from the date of detention, and the maximum
period for which any person may be detained in pursuance of any detention order to which the provisions
of section 10 apply and which has been confirmed under clause (f) of section 9, read with sub-section (2)
of section 10, shall be two years from the date of detention:

Provided that nothing contained in this section shall affect the power of appropriate Government in
either case to revoke or modify the detention order at any earlier time.

**12. Revocation of detention orders.—(1) Without prejudice to the provisions of section 21 of the**
General Clauses Act, 1897 (10 of 1897), a detention order may, at any time, be revoked or modified—

(a) notwithstanding that the order has been made by an officer of a State Government, by that
State Government or by the Central Government;

6


-----

(b) notwithstanding that the order has been made by an officer of the Central Government or by a
State Government, by the Central Government.

(2) The revocation of a detention order shall not bar the making of another detention order under
section 3 against the same person.

**13. Temporary release of persons detained.—(1) The Central Government may, at any time, direct**
that any person detained in pursuance of a detention order made by that Government or by an officer
subordinate to that Government or by a State Government or by an officer subordinate to a State
Government, may be released for any specified period either without conditions or upon such conditions
specified in the direction as that person accepts, and may, at any time, cancel his release.

(2) A State Government may, at any time, direct that any person detained in pursuance of a detention
order made by that Government or by an officer subordinate to that Government may be released for any
specified period either without conditions or upon such conditions specified in the direction as the person
accepts, and may, at any time, cancel his release.

(3) In directing the release of any person under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), the Government
directing the release may require him to enter into a bond with sureties for the due observance of the
conditions specified in the direction.

(4) Any person released under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) shall surrender himself at the time
and place, and to the authority, specified in the order directing his release, or cancelling his release, as the
case may be.

(5) If any person fails without sufficient cause to surrender himself in the manner specified in subsection (4), he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with
fine, or with both.

(6) If any person released under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) fails to fulfil any of the conditions
imposed upon him under the said sub-section or in the bond entered into by him, the bond shall be
declared to be forfeited and any person bound thereby shall be liable to pay the penalty thereof.

(7) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law and save as otherwise provided in this
section, no person against whom a detention order made under this Act is in force shall be released
whether on bail or bail bond or otherwise.

**14. Protection of action taken in good faith.—No suit or other legal proceeding shall lie against the**
Central Government or a State Government and no suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie
against any person for anything in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of this Act.

**15. [Amendment of Act 52 of 1974.] Rep. by the Repealing and Amending Act, 2001 (30 of 2001), s.2**
_and the First Schedule (w.e.f.3-9-2001)._

**16. Repeal and saving.—(1) The Prevention of Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic**
Substances Ordinance, 1988 (Ord. 7 of 1988), is hereby repealed.

(2) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or any action taken under the said Ordinance shall be
deemed to have been done or taken under the corresponding provisions of this Act.

7


-----

