The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989
# THE SCHEDULED CASTES AND THE SCHEDULED TRIBES
 (PREVENTION OF ATROCITIES) ACT, 1989
 ______

 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
 ______

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

# SECTIONS

1. Short title, extent and commencement.
2. Definitions.

CHAPTER II

OFFENCES OF ATROCITIES

3. Punishments for offences atrocities.
4. Punishment for neglect of duties.
5. Enhanced punishment subsequent conviction.
6. Application of certain provisions of the Indian Penal Code.
7. Forfeiture of property of certain persons.
8. Presumption as to offences.
9. Conferment of powers.

CHAPTER III

EXTERNMENT

10. Removal of person likely to commit offence.
11. Procedure on failure of person to remove himself from area and enterthereon after removal.
12. Taking measurements and photographs, etc., of persons against whom order undersection 10 is

made.

13. Penalty fornoncompliance of order under section 10.

CHAPTER IV

SPECIAL COURTS

14. Special Court and Exclusive Special Court.

14A. Appeals.

15. Special Public Prosecutor and Exclusive Public Prosecutor.

CHAPTER IVA

RIGHTS OF VICTIMS AND WITNESSES

15A. Rights of victims and witnesses.

16.Power of State Governmentto imposecollective fine.

17.Preventive action to be taken by the law and order machinery.

18.Section 438 of the Code not to apply to persons committing an offence under the Act.

18A. No enquiry or approval required.
19.Section 360 of the Code or the provisions of the Probation of Offenders Act not to apply to
persons guilty of an offence under the Act.

20.Act to overrideother laws.

21.Duty of Governmentto ensure effective implementationof the Act.

22.Protection of action taken in good faith.

23.Power to make rules.

THE SCHEDULE

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# THE SCHEDULED CASTES AND THE SCHEDULED TRIBES
 (PREVENTION OF ATROCITIES) ACT, 1989

 ACT NO. 33 OF 1989

[11th September, 1989.]

# An Act to prevent the commission of offences of atrocities against the members of the Scheduled
 Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, to provide for [1][Special Courts and the Exclusive Special Courts] for the trial of such offences and for the relief and rehabilitation of the victims of such offences and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

BE it enacted by Parliament in the Fortieth Year of the Republic of India as follows:—

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

**1. Short title, extent and commencement.—(1) This Act may be called the Scheduled Castes and**

the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.

(2) It extends to the whole of India[2]***.

(3) It shall come into force on such date[3] as the Central Government may, by notification in the

Official Gazette, appoint.

2. Definitions.—(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—

(a) “atrocity” means an offence punishable under section 3;

(b) “Code” means the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974);

4[(bb) “dependent” means the spouse, children, parents, brother and sister of the victim, who are

dependent wholly or mainly on such victim for his support and maintenance;

(bc) “economic boycott” means–

(i) a refusal to deal with, work for hire or do business with other person; or

(ii) to deny opportunities including access to services or contractual opportunities for

rendering service for consideration; or

(iii) to refuse to do anything on the terms on which things would be commonly done in the

ordinary course of business; or

(iv) to abstain from the professional or business relations that one would maintain with other

person;

(bd) “Exclusive Special Court” means the Exclusive Special Court established under sub-section

(1) of section 14 exclusively to try the offences under this Act;

(be) “forest rights” shall have the meaning assigned to it in sub-section(1) of section 3 of the

Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers(Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006
(2 of 2007);

(bf) “manual scavenger” shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause(g) of sub-section (1) of

section 2 of the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013
(25 of 2013);

(bg) “public servant” means a public servant as defined under section 21of the Indian Penal Code

(45 of 1860), as well as any other person deemed to be a public servant under any other law for the

1. Subs. by Act 1 of 2016, s. 2, for “Special Courts” (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).
2. The words “except the State of Jammu &Kashmir” omitted by Act 34 of 2019, s. 95 and the Fifth Schedule

(w.e.f. 31-10-2019).

3. 30th January, 1990, _vide_ notification No. S.O. 106(E), dated 29th January, 1990, _See Gazette of India, Extraordinary,_

Part II, sec. 3(ii).

4. Ins. by Act 1 of 2016, s. 3 (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).

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time being in force and includes any person acting in his official capacity under the Central
Government or the State Government, as the case may be;]

(c) “Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes” shall have the meanings assigned to them

respectively under clause (24) and clause (25) of article 366 of the Constitution;

(d) “Special Court” means a Court of Session specified as a Special Court in section 14;

(e) “Special Public Prosecutor” means a Public Prosecutor specified as a Special Public

Prosecutor or an advocate referred to in section 15;

1[(ea) “Schedule” means the Schedule appended to this Act;

(eb) “social boycott” means a refusal to permit a person to render to other person or receive from

him any customary service or to abstain from social relations that one would maintain with other
person or to isolate him from others;

(ec) “victim” means any individual who falls within the definition of the “Scheduled Castes and

Scheduled Tribes” under clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 2, and who has suffered or
experienced physical, mental, psychological, emotional or monetary harm or harm to his property as a
result of the commission of any offence under this Act and includes his relatives, legal guardian and
legalheirs;

(ed) “witness” means any person who is acquainted with the facts and circumstances, or is in

possession of any information or has knowledge necessary for the purpose of investigation, inquiry or
trial of any crime involving an offence under this Act, and who is or may be required to give
information or make a statement or produce any document during investigation, inquiry or trial of
such case and includes a victim of such offence;]

2[(f) the words and expressions used but not defined in this Act and defined in the Indian Penal

Code (45 of 1860), the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (1 of 1872) or the Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973 (2 of 1974), as the case may be, shall be deemed to have the meanings respectively assigned to
them in those enactments.]

(2) Any reference in this Act to any enactment or any provision thereof shall, in relation to an area in

which such enactment or such provision is not in force, be construed as a reference to the corresponding
law, if any, in force in that area.

CHAPTER II

OFFENCES OF ATROCITIES

**3. Punishments for offences atrocities.—[3][(1) Whoever, not being a member of a Scheduled Caste**

or a Scheduled Tribe,—

(a) puts any inedible or obnoxious substance into the mouth of a member of a Scheduled Caste or

a Scheduled Tribe or forces such member to drink or eat such inedible or obnoxious substance;

(b) dumps excreta, sewage, carcasses or any other obnoxious substance in premises, or at the

entrance of the premises, occupied by a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe;

(c) with intent to cause injury, insult or annoyance to any member of a Scheduled Caste or a

Scheduled Tribe, dumps excreta, waste matter, carcasses or any other obnoxious substance in his
neighbourhood;

(d) garlands with footwear or parades naked or semi-naked a member of a Scheduled Caste or a

Scheduled Tribe;

1. Ins. by Act 1 of 2016, s. 3 (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).
2. Subs. by s. 3,ibid., for clause (f) (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).
3. Subs. by s. 4, ibid., for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).

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(e) forcibly commits on a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe any act, such as

removing clothes from the person, forcible tonsuring of head, removing moustaches, painting face or
body or any other similar act, which is derogatory to human dignity;

(f) wrongfully occupies or cultivates any land, owned by, or in the possession of or allotted to, or

notified by any competent authority to be allotted to, a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled
Tribe, or gets such land transferred;

(g) wrongfully dispossesses a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe from his land or

premises or interferes with the enjoyment of his rights, including forest rights, over any land or
premises or water or irrigation facilities or destroys the crops or takes away the produce therefrom.

_Explanation.––For the purposes of clause (f) and this clause, the expression “wrongfully”_

includes—

(A) against the person’s will;

(B) without the person’s consent;

(C) with the person’s consent, where such consent has been obtained by putting the person, or

any other person in whom the person is interested in fear of death or of hurt; or

(D) fabricating records of such land;

(h) makes a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe to do “begar” or other forms of

forced or bonded labour other than any compulsory service for public purposes imposed by the
Government;

(i) compels a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe to dispose or carry human or

animal carcasses, or to dig graves;

(j) makes a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe to do manual scavenging or

employs or permits the employment of such member for such purpose;

(k) performs, or promotes dedicating a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe woman to a deity,

idol, object of worship, temple, or other religious institution as a _devadasi_ or any other similar
practice or permits aforementioned acts;

(l) forces or intimidates or prevents a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe—

(A) not to vote or to vote for a particular candidate or to vote in a manner other than that

provided by law;

(B) not to file a nomination as a candidate or to withdraw such nomination; or

(C) not to propose or second the nomination of a member of a Scheduled Caste or a

Scheduled Tribe as a candidate in any election;

(m) forces or intimidates or obstructs a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe, who

is a member or a Chairperson or a holder of any other office of a Panchayat under Part IX of the
Constitution or a Municipality under Part IXA of the Constitution, from performing their normal
duties and functions;

(n) after the poll, causes hurt or grievous hurt or assault or imposes or threatens to impose social

or economic boycott upon a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe or prevents from
availing benefits of any public service which is due to him;

(o) commits any offence under this Act against a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled

Tribe for having voted or not having voted for a particular candidate or for having voted in a manner
provided by law;

(p) institutes false, malicious or vexatious suit or criminal or other legal proceedings against a

member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe;

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(q) gives any false or frivolous information to any public servant and thereby causes such public

servant to use his lawful power to the injury or annoyance of a member of a Scheduled Caste or a
Scheduled Tribe;

(r) intentionally insults or intimidates with intent to humiliate a member of a Scheduled Caste or a

Scheduled Tribe in any place within public view;

(s) abuses any member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe by caste name in any place

within public view;

(t) destroys, damages or defiles any object generally known to beheld sacred or in high esteem by

members of the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes.

_Explanation.––For the purposes of this clause, the expression “object” means and includes statue,_

photograph and portrait;

(u) by words either written or spoken or by signs or by visible representation or otherwise

promotes or attempts to promote feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will against members of the
Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes;

(v) by words either written or spoken or by any other means disrespects any late person held in

high esteem by members of the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes;

(w) (i) intentionally touches a woman belonging to a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe,

knowing that she belongs to a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe, when such act of touching is of
a sexual nature and is without the recipient’s consent;

(ii) uses words, acts or gestures of a sexual nature towards a woman belonging to a Scheduled

Caste or a Scheduled Tribe, knowing that she belongs to a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe.

_Explanation.––For the purposes of sub-clause (i), the expression “consent” means an unequivocal_

voluntary agreement when the person by words, gestures, or any form of non-verbal communication,
communicates willingness to participate in the specific act:

Provided that a woman belonging to a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe who does not offer

physical resistance to any act of a sexual nature is not by reason only of that fact, is to be regarded as
consenting to the sexual activity:

Provided further that a woman’s sexual history, including with the offender shall not imply

consent or mitigate the offence;

(x) corrupts or fouls the water of any spring, reservoir or any other source ordinarily used by

members of the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes so as to render it less fit for the purpose for
which it is ordinarily used;

(y) denies a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe any customary right of passage to

a place of public resort or obstructs such member so as to prevent him from using or having access to
a place of public resort to which other members of public or any other section thereof have a right to
use or access to;

(z) forces or causes a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe to leave his house,

village or other place of residence:

Provided that nothing contained in this clause shall apply to any action taken in discharge of a

public duty;

(za) obstructs or prevents a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe in any manner

with regard to—

(A) using common property resources of an area, or burial or cremation ground equally with

others or using any river, stream, spring, well, tank, cistern, water-tap or other watering place, or
any bathing ghat, any public conveyance, any road, or passage;

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(B) mounting or riding bicycles or motor cycles or wearing footwear or new clothes in public

places or taking out wedding procession, or mounting a horse or any other vehicle during
wedding processions;

(C) entering any place of worship which is open to the public or other persons professing the

same religion or taking part in, or taking out, any religious, social or cultural processions
including jatras;

(D) entering any educational institution, hospital, dispensary, primary health centre, shop or

place of public entertainment or any other public place; or using any utensils or articles meant for
public use in any place open to the public; or

(E) practicing any profession or the carrying on of any occupation, trade or business or

employment in any job which other members of the public, or any section thereof, have a right to
use or have access to;

(zb) causes physical harm or mental agony of a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled

Tribe on the allegation of practicing witchcraft or being a witch; or

(zc) imposes or threatens a social or economic boycott of any person or a family or a group

belonging to a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe,

shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six months but which may
extend to five years and with fine.]

(2) Whoever, not being a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe,—

(i) gives or fabricates false evidence intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he

will thereby cause, any member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe to be convicted of an
offence which is capital by the law for the time being in force shall be punished with imprisonment
for life and with fine; and if an innocent member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe be
convicted and executed in consequence of such false or fabricated evidence, the person who gives or
fabricates such false evidence, shall be punished with death;

(ii) gives or fabricates false evidence intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he

will thereby cause, any member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe to be convicted of an
offence which is not capital but punishable with imprisonment for a term of seven years or upwards,
shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six months but which
may extend to seven years or upwards and with fine;

(iii) commits mischief by fire or any explosive substance intending to cause or knowing it to be

likely that he will thereby cause damage to any property belonging to a member of a Scheduled Caste
or a Scheduled Tribe, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than
six months but which may extend to seven years and with fine;

(iv) commits mischief by fire or any explosive substance intending to cause or knowing it to be

likely that he will thereby cause destruction of any building which is ordinarily used as a place of
worship or as a place for human dwelling or as a place for custody of the property by a member of a
Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe, shall be punishable with imprisonment for life and with fine;

(v) commits any offence under the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) punishable with imprisonment

for a term of ten years or more against a person or property [1][knowing that such person is a member
of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe or such property belongs to such member], shall be
punishable with imprisonment for life and with fine;

2[(va) commits any offence specified in the Schedule, against a person or property, knowing that

such person is a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe or such property belongs to such

1. Subs. by Act 1 of 2016, s. 4, for “on the ground that such person is a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe or

such property belongs to such member” (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).

2. Ins. by s. 4, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).

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member, shall be punishable with such punishment as specified under the Indian Penal Code (45 of
1860) for such offences and shall also be liable to fine;]

(vi) knowingly or having reason to believe that an offence has been committed under this

Chapter, causes any evidence of the commission of that offence to disappear with the intention of
screening the offender from legal punishment, or with that intention gives any information respecting
the offence which he knows or believes to be false, shall be punishable with the punishment provided
for that offence; or

(vii) being a public servant, commits any offence under this section, shall be punishable with

imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than one year but which may extend to the
punishment provided for that offence.

**1[4. Punishment for neglect of duties.—(1) Whoever, being a public servant but not being a member**

of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe, wilfully neglects his duties required to be performed by him
under this Act and the rules made thereunder, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which
shall not be less than six months but which may extend to one year.

(2) The duties of public servant referred to in sub-section (1) shall include––

(a) to read out to an informant the information given orally, and reduced to writing by the officer

in charge of the police station, before taking the signature of the informant;

(b) to register a complaint or a First Information Report under this Act and other relevant

provisions and to register it under appropriate sections of this Act;

(c) to furnish a copy of the information so recorded forthwith to thein formant;

(d) to record the statement of the victims or witnesses;

(e) to conduct the investigation and file charge sheet in the Special Court or the Exclusive Special

Court within a period of sixty days, and to explain the delay if any, in writing;

(f) to correctly prepare, frame and translate any document or electronic record;

(g) to perform any other duty specified in this Act or the rules made thereunder:

Provided that the charges in this regard against the public servant shall be booked on the

recommendation of an administrative enquiry.

(3) The cognizance in respect of any dereliction of duty referred to in sub-section (2) by a public

servant shall be taken by the Special Court or the Exclusive Special Court and shall give direction for
penal proceedings against such public servant.]

**5. Enhanced punishment subsequent conviction.—Whoever, having already been convicted of an**

offence under this Chapter is convicted for the second offence or any offence subsequent to the second
offence, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than one year but
which may extend to the punishment provided for that offence.

**6. Application of certain provisions of the Indian Penal Code.—Subject to the other provisions of**

this Act, the provisions of section 34, Chapter III, Chapter IV, Chapter V, Chapter VA, section 149 and
Chapter XXIII of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), shall, so far as may be, apply for the purposes of
this Act as they apply for the purposes of the Indian Penal Code.

**7. Forfeiture of property of certain persons.—(1) Where a person has been convicted of any**

offence punishable under this Chapter, the Special Court may, in addition to awarding any punishment,
by order in writing, declare that any property, movable or immovable or both, belonging to the person,
which has been used for the commission of that offence, shall stand forfeited to Government.

(2) Where any person is accused of any offence under this Chapter, it shall be open to the Special

Court trying him to pass an order that all or any of the properties, movable or immovable or both,

1. Subs. by Act 1 of 2016, s. 5, for section 4 (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).

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belonging to him, shall, during the period of such trial, be attached, and where such trial ends in
conviction, the property so attached shall be liable to forfeiture to the extent it is required for the purpose
of realisation of any fine imposed under this Chapter.

**8. Presumption as to offences.—In a prosecution for an offence under this Chapter, if it is proved**

that—

(a) the accused rendered [1][any financial assistance in relation to the offences committed by a

person accused of], or reasonably suspected of, committing, an offence under this Chapter, the
Special Court shall presume, unless the contrary is proved, that such person had abetted the offence;

(b) a group of persons committed an offence under this Chapter and if it is proved that the offence

committed was a sequel to any existing dispute regarding land or any other matter, it shall be
presumed that the offence was committed in furtherance of the common intention or in prosecution of
the common object;

2[(c) the accused was having personal knowledge of the victim or his family, the Court shall

presume that the accused was aware of the caste or tribal identity of the victim, unless the contrary is
proved.]

**9. Conferment of powers.—(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code or in any other**

provision of this Act, the State Government may, if it considers it necessary or expedient so to do,—

(a) for the prevention of and for coping with any offence under this Act, or

(b) for any case or class or group of cases under this Act,

in any district or part thereof, confer, by notification in the Official Gazette, on any officer of the State
Government, the powers exercisable by a police officer under the Code in such district or part thereof or,
as the case may be, for such case or class or group of cases, and in particular, the powers of arrest,
investigation and prosecution of persons before any Special Court.

(2) All officers of police and all other officers of Government shall assist the officer referred to in

sub-section (1) in the execution of the provisions of this Act or any rule, scheme or order made
thereunder.

(3) The provisions of the Code shall, so far as may be, apply to the exercise of the powers by an

officer under sub-section (1).

CHAPTER III

EXTERNMENT

**10. Removal of person likely to commit offence.—(1) Where the Special Court is satisfied, upon a**

complaint or a police report that a person is likely to commit an offence under Chapter II of this Act in
any area included in ‘Scheduled Areas’ or ‘tribal areas’, as referred to in article 244 of the Constitution,
3[or any area identified under the provisions of clause (vii) of sub-section (2) of section 21], it may, by
order in writing, direct such person to remove himself beyond the limits of such area, by such route and
within such time as may be specified in the order, and not to return to that area from which he was
directed to remove himself for such period, not exceeding [4][three years], as may be specified in the order.

(2) The Special Court shall, along with the order under sub-section (1), communicate to the person

directed under that sub-section the grounds on which such order has been made.

(3) The Special Court may revoke or modify the order made under sub-section (1), for the reasons to

be recorded in writing, on the representation made by the person against whom such order has been made
or by any other person on his behalf within thirty days from the date of the order.

1. Subs. by Act 1 of 2016, s. 6, for “any financial assistance to a person accused of” (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).
2. Ins. by s. 6, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).
3. Ins. by s. 7, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).
4. Subs. by s. 7, ibid., for “two years” (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).

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**11. Procedure on failure of person to remove himself from area and enter thereon after**

**removal.—(1) If a person to whom a direction has been issued under section 10 to remove himself from**
any area—

(a) fails to remove himself as directed; or

(b) having so removed himself enters such area within the period specified in the order,

otherwise than with the permission in writing of the Special Court under sub-section (2), the Special
Court may cause him to be arrested and removed in police custody to such place outside such area as the
Special Court may specify.

(2) The Special Court may, by order in writing, permit any person in respect of whom an order under

section 10 has been made, to return to the area from which he was directed to remove himself for such
temporary period and subject to such conditions as may be specified in such order and may require him to
execute a bond with or without surety for the due observation of the conditions imposed.

(3) The Special Court may at any time revoke any such permission.

(4) Any person who, with such permission, returns to the area from which he was directed to remove

himself shall observe the conditions imposed, and at the expiry of the temporary period for which he was
permitted to return, or on the revocation of such permission before the expiry of such temporary period,
shall remove himself outside such area and shall not return thereto within the unexpired portion specified
under section 10 without a fresh permission.

(5) If a person fails to observe any of the conditions imposed or to remove himself accordingly or

having so removed himself enters or returns to such area without fresh permission the Special Court may
cause him to be arrested and removed in police custody to such place outside such area as the Special
Court may specify.

**12. Taking measurements and photographs, etc., of persons against whom order undersection**

**10 is made.—(1) Every person against whom an order has been made under section 10 shall, if so**
required by the Special Court, allow his measurements and photographs to be taken by a police officer.

(2) If any person referred to in sub-section (1), when required to allow his measurements or

photographs to be taken, resists or refuses to allow the taking of such measurements or photographs, it
shall be lawful to use all necessary means to secure the taking thereof.

(3) Resistance to or refusal to allow the taking of measurements or photographs under sub-section (2)

shall be deemed to be an offence under section 186 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860).

(4) Where an order under section 10 is revoked, all measurements and photographs (including

negatives) taken under sub-section (2) shall be destroyed or made over to the person against whom such
order is made.

**13. Penalty for noncompliance of order under section 10.—Any person contravening an order of**

the Special Court made under section 10 shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may
extend to one year and with fine.

CHAPTER IV

SPECIAL COURTS

1[14. Special Court and Exclusive Special Court.—(1) For the purpose of providing for speedy

trial, the State Government shall, with the concurrence of the Chief Justice of the High Court, by
notification in the Official Gazette, establish an Exclusive Special Court for one or more Districts:

Provided that in Districts where less number of cases under this Act is recorded, the State

Government shall, with the concurrence of the Chief Justice of the High Court, by notification in the
Official Gazette, specify for such Districts, the Court of Session to be a Special Court to try the offences
under this Act:

1. Subs. by Act 1 of 2016, s. 8, for section 14 (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).

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Provided further that the Courts so established or specified shall have power to directly take

cognizance of offences under this Act.

(2) It shall be the duty of the State Government to establish adequate number of Courts to ensure that

cases under this Act are disposed of within a period of two months, as far as possible.

(3) In every trial in the Special Court or the Exclusive Special Court, the proceedings shall be

continued from day-to-day until all the witnesses in attendance have been examined, unless the Special
Court or the Exclusive Special Court finds the adjournment of the same beyond the following day to be
necessary for reasons to be recorded in writing:

Provided that when the trial relates to an offence under this Act, the trial shall, as far as possible, be

completed within a period of two months from the date of filing of the charge sheet.]

**STATE AMENDMENTS**

**Karnataka**

**Amendment of section 14.—In section 14 of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes**

(Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 (Central Act 33 of 1989), for the words “to try offences under this
Act”, the words “to take cognizance of offences under this Act as a court of original jurisdiction and to try
such offences” shall be substituted.

[Vide Karnataka Act 35 of 2003, s. 2 ]

1[14A. Appeals.—(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of CriminalProcedure,1973 (2

of 1974), an appeal shall lie, from any judgment, sentence or order, not being an interlocutory order, of a
Special Court or an Exclusive Special Court, to the High Court both on facts and on law.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (3) of section 378 of the Code of Criminal

Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), an appeal shall lie to the High Court against an order of the Special Court or
the Exclusive Special Court granting or refusing bail.

(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being inforce, every appeal

under this section shall be preferred within a period of ninety days from the date of the judgment,
sentence or order appealed from:

Provided that the High Court may entertain an appeal after the expiry of the said period of ninety days

if it is satisfied that the appellant had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within the period of
ninety days:

Provided further that no appeal shall be entertained after the expiry of the period of one hundred and

eighty days.

(4) Every appeal preferred under sub-section (1) shall, as far as possible, be disposed of within a

period of three months from the date of admission of the appeal.]

2[15. Special Public Prosecutor and Exclusive Public Prosecutor.—(1) For every Special Court,

the State Government shall, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify a Public Prosecutor or appoint
an advocate who has been in practice as an advocate for not less than seven years, as a Special Public
Prosecutor for the purpose of conducting cases in that Court.

(2) For every Exclusive Special Court, the State Government shall, by notification in the Official

Gazette, specify an Exclusive Special Public Prosecutor or appoint an advocate who has been in practice
as an advocate for not less than seven years, as an Exclusive Special Public Prosecutor for the purpose of
conducting cases in that Court.]

1. Ins. by Act1 of 2016, s. 9 (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).
2. Subs. by s.10, ibid., for section 15 (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).

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1[CHAPTER IVA

RIGHTS OF VICTIMS AND WITNESSES

**15A. Rights of victims and witnesses.—(1) It shall be the duty and responsibility of the State to**

make arrangements for the protection of victims, their dependents, and witnesses against any kind of
intimidation or coercion or inducement or violence or threats of violence.

(2) A victim shall be treated with fairness, respect and dignity and with due regard to any special need

that arises because of the victim’s age or gender or educational disadvantage or poverty.

(3) A victim or his dependent shall have the right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of any

Court proceeding including any bail proceeding and the Special Public Prosecutor or the State
Government shall inform the victim about any proceedings under this Act.

(4) A victim or his dependent shall have the right to apply to the Special Court or the Exclusive

Special Court, as the case may be, to summon parties for production of any documents or material,
witnesses or examine the persons present.

(5) A victim or his dependent shall be entitled to be heard at any proceeding under this Act in respect

of bail, discharge, release, parole, conviction or sentence of an accused or any connected proceedings or
arguments and file written submission on conviction, acquittal or sentencing.

(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure,1973 (2 of 1974), the

Special Court or the Exclusive Special Court trying a case under this Act shall provide to a victim, his
dependent, informant or witnesses––

(a) the complete protection to secure the ends of justice;

(b) the travelling and maintenance expenses during investigation, inquiry and trial;

(c) the social-economic rehabilitation during investigation, inquiry and trial; and

(d) relocation.

(7) The State shall inform the concerned Special Court or the Exclusive Special Court about the

protection provided to any victim or his dependent, informant or witnesses and such Court shall
periodically review the protection being offered and pass appropriate orders.

(8) Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-section (6), the concerned Special

Court or the Exclusive Special Court may, on an application made by a victim or his dependent,
informant or witness in any proceedings before it or by the Special Public Prosecutor in relation to such
victim, informant or witness or on its own motion, take such measures including––

(a) concealing the names and addresses of the witnesses in its orders or judgments or in any

records of the case accessible to the public;

(b) issuing directions for non-disclosure of the identity and addresses of the witnesses;

(c) take immediate action in respect of any complaint relating to harassment of a victim,

informant or witness and on the same day, if necessary, pass appropriate orders for protection:

Provided that inquiry or investigation into the complaint received under clause (c) shall be tried

separately from the main case by such Court and concluded within a period of two months from the
date of receipt of the complaint:

Provided further that where the complaint under clause (c) is against any public servant, the Court

shall restrain such public servant from interfering with the victim, informant or witness, as the case
may be, in any matter related or unrelated to the pending case, except with the permission of the
Court.

1. Ins. byAct1 of 2016, s. 11 (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).

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(9) It shall be the duty of the Investigating Officer and the Station House Officer to record the

complaint of victim, informant or witnesses against any kind of intimidation, coercion or inducement or
violence or threats of violence, whether given orally or in writing, and a photocopy of the First
Information Report shall be immediately given to them at free of cost.

(10) All proceedings relating to offences under this Act shall be video recorded.

(11) It shall be the duty of the concerned State to specify an appropriate scheme to ensure

implementation of the following rights and entitlements of victims and witnesses in accessing justice so
as––

(a) to provide a copy of the recorded First Information Report at free of cost;

(b) to provide immediate relief in cash or in kind to atrocity victims or their dependents;

(c) to provide necessary protection to the atrocity victims or their dependents, and witnesses;

(d) to provide relief in respect of death or injury or damage to property;

(e) to arrange food or water or clothing or shelter or medical aid or transport facilities or daily

allowances to victims;

(f) to provide the maintenance expenses to the atrocity victims and their dependents;

(g) to provide the information about the rights of atrocity victims at the time of making

complaints and registering the First Information Report;

(h) to provide the protection to atrocity victims or their dependents and witnesses from

intimidation and harassment;

(i) to provide the information to atrocity victims or their dependents or associated organisations or

individuals, on the status of investigation and charge sheet and to provide copy of the charge sheet at
free of cost;

(j) to take necessary precautions at the time of medical examination;

(k) to provide information to atrocity victims or their dependents or associated organisations or

individuals, regarding the relief amount;

(l) to provide information to atrocity victims or their dependents or associated organisations or

individuals, in advance about the dates and place of investigation and trial;

(m) to give adequate briefing on the case and preparation for trial to atrocity victims or their

dependents or associated organisations or individuals and to provide the legal aid for the said purpose;

(n) to execute the rights of atrocity victims or their dependents or associated organisations or

individuals at every stage of the proceedings under this Act and to provide the necessary assistance
for the execution of the rights.

(12) It shall be the right of the atrocity victims or their dependents, to take assistance from the Non
Government Organisations, social workers or advocates.]

CHAPTER V

MISCELLANEOUS

**16. Power of State Government to impose collective fine.—The provisions of section 10A of the**

Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 (22 of 1955) shall, so far as may be, apply for the purposes of
imposition and realisation of collective fine and for all other matters connected therewith under this Act.

**17. Preventive action to be taken by the law and order machinery.—(1) A District Magistrate or a**

Sub-divisional Magistrate or any other Executive Magistrate or any police officer not below the rank of a
Deputy Superintendent of Police may, on receiving information and after such inquiry as he may think
necessary, has reason to believe that a person or a group of persons not belonging to the Scheduled Castes
or the Scheduled Tribes, residing in or requenting any place within the local limits of his jurisdiction is
likely to commit an offence or has threatened to commit any offence under this Act and is of the opinion

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that there is sufficient ground for proceeding, declare such an area to be an area prone to atrocities and
take necessary action for keeping the peace and good behaviour and maintenance of public order and
tranquility and may take preventive action.

(2) The provisions of Chapters VIII, X and XI of the Code shall, so far as may be, apply for the

purposes of sub-section (1).

(3) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make one or more schemes

specifying the manner in which the officers referred to in sub-section (1) shall take appropriate action
specified in such scheme or schemes to prevent atrocities and to restore the feeling of security amongst
the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.

**18. Section 438 of the Code not to apply to persons committing an offence under the Act.—**

Nothing in section 438 of the Code shall apply in relation to any case involving the arrest of any person
on an accusation of having committed an offence under this Act.

**1[18A. No enquiry or approval required.—(1) For the purposes of this Act,—**

(a) preliminary enquiry shall not be required for registration of a First Information Report against

any person; or

(b) the investigating officer shall not require approval for the arrest, if necessary, of any person,

against whom an accusation of having committed an offence under this Act has been made and no
procedure other than that provided under this Act or the Code shall apply.

(2) The provisions of section 438 of the Code shall not apply to a case under this Act,

notwithstanding any judgment or order or direction of any Court.]

**19. Section 360 of the Code or the provisions of the Probation of Offenders Act not to apply to**

**persons guilty of an offence under the Act.—The provisions of section 360 of the Code and the**
provisions of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 (20 of 1958) shall not apply to any person above the
age of eighteen years who is found guilty of having committed an offence under this Act.

**20. Act to override other laws.—Save as otherwise provided in this Act, the provisions of this Act**

shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any other law for the time
being in force or any custom or usage or any instrument having effect by virtue of any such law.

**21. Duty of Government to ensure effective implementation of the Act.—(1) Subject to such rules**

as the Central Government may make in this behalf, the State Government shall take such measures as
may be necessary for the effective implementation of this Act.

(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provisions, such measures

may include,—

(i) the provision for adequate facilities, including legal aid, to the persons subjected to atrocities

to enable them to avail themselves of justice;

(ii) the provision for travelling and maintenance expenses to witnesses, including the victims of

atrocities, during investigation and trial of offences under this Act;

(iii) the provision for the economic and social rehabilitation of the victims of the atrocities;

(iv) the appointment of officers for initiating or exercising supervision over prosecutions for the

contravention of the provisions of this Act;

(v) the setting up of committees at such appropriate levels as the State Government may think fit

to assist that Government in formulation or implementation of such measures;

(vi) provision for a periodic survey of the working of the provisions of this Act with a view to

suggesting measures for the better implementation of the provision of this Act;

1. Ins. by Act 27 of 2018, s. 2 (w.e.f. 20-8-2018).

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(vii) the identification of the areas where the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled

Tribes are likely to be subjected to atrocities and adoption of such measures so as to ensure safety for
such members.

(3) The Central Government shall take such steps as may be necessary to co-ordinate the measures

taken by the State Governments under sub-section (1).

(4) The Central Government shall, every year, place on the table of each House of Parliament a report

on the measures taken by itself and by the State Governments in pursuance of the provisions of this
section.

**22. Protection of action taken in good faith.—No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall**

lie against the Central Government or against the State Government or any officer or authority of
Government or any other person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under
this Act.

**23. Power to make rules.—(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette,**

make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.

(2) Every rule made under this Act shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House

of Parliament, while it is in session for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one
session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately
following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification
in the rule or both Houses agree that the rule should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only
in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or
annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule.

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Section under the
Indian Penal Code


1[THE SCHEDULE

[See section 3(2)(va)]

Name of offence and punishment


120A Definition of criminal conspiracy.

120B Punishment of criminal conspiracy.

141 Unlawful assembly.

142 Being member of unlawful assembly.

143 Punishment for unlawful assembly.

144 Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon.

145 Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has beencommanded to
disperse.

146 Rioting.

147 Punishment for rioting.

148 Rioting, armed with deadly weapon.

217 Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save personfrom

punishment or property from forfeiture.

319 Hurt.

320 Grievous hurt.

323 Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt.

324 Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means.

325 Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt.

326B Voluntarily throwing or attempting to throw acid.

332 Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his duty.

341 Punishment for wrongful restraint.

354 Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage hermodesty.

354A Sexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment.

354B Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe.

354C Voyeurism.

354D Stalking.

359 Kidnapping.

363 Punishment for kidnapping

365 Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine person.

1. Ins. by Act 1 of 2016, s. 12 (w.e.f. 26-1-2016).

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Section under the
Indian Penal Code


Name of offence and punishment


376B Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation.

376C Sexual intercourse by a person in authority.

447 Punishment for criminal trespass.

506 Punishment for criminal intimidation.


509


Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman.]

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