- J. Hawkins, Eric Nyberg, J. C. Holmes, G. Kayser, Paul G. Schoenstein, Ashok K. Janah. 2005. bipolar membranes textured to electroqumico ion exchanger. Abstract: A bipolar membrane textured (10) of dissociation of water comprising: (a) a layer (12) anion exchange superimposed on a layer (14) cation exchange to form a laminated membrane to form therebetween a surface heterogeneous (18) contact water dissociation; and (b) a textured exposed surface having a pattern of attributes (26) comprising texture peaks (28) and valleys (30) apart.
