How are disaster effects calculated into GDP? Assuming no income was lost, only assets were destroyed (e.g. homes), how does disaster event impact GDP numbers?

Or otherwise, is losing and rebuilding wealth neutral to GDP (e.g. spending on construction instead of entertainment)?

Is GDP calculated so well that all subtle effects are reflected in the numbers (e.g. lost home might affect work opportunities in mid-term)?
GDP is just a partial measure of flow. There are lots of changes to the stock of a nation, its capital, that are not captured by GDP.

Destruction of assets in natural disasters isn't recognised as a loss in GDP. It gets worse: the rebuilding would actually be a positive on GDP. NB any loss in economic output from, say, destruction of factories, would appear as a negative on GDP - the loss of the factory's output.

Changes in natural capital aren't captured either.

GDP is just a measure of volume of transactions. It gets misused as a proxy for economic wellbeing. That's not the indicator's fault, it's the fault of those who misuse it.