Is there a book or notes that explain all about inflation? Is there a book or notes or papers (but for easy understanding please) that explain all about inflation?
Not at a research level but student level.
From what is previously needed to define and understand inflation,  to calculate inflation, to models to analyze inflation, how does inflation impacts economic agents (firms, families, etc), and other things that should be known about inflation too.
So far I haven't find a book nor PDF notes that mentions all these. I've encountered helpful youtube videos but most of them don't say where is that information from, nor is rigorous, yet are helpful because they gave you an idea of what's going on.
Thank you in advance
If you are looking something for student level the best place to start are textbooks. You will not generally find these just for single topic such as inflation (for that you would have to look at research papers but you explicitly state you are not looking for that) but they offer rigorous treatment with references to the literature.
Mankiw Macroeconomics Chapter 5 gives nice undergraduate introduction to  inflation, for more full undergraduate treatment you can have look at Lewis and  Mizen Monetary Economics.
Walsch Monetary Theory and Policy offers graduate level treatment of many models including inflation. In fact virtually all models there involve inflation in one way or another.
You could supplement Walsch also with Romer Advanced Macroeconomics or with Woodford Interest and Prices.