How does an increase in the minimum reserve requirement affect the monetary base? Monetary base is defined as currency+currency held by banks+deposits of banks at central bank. We assume that the current reserve is below the minimum reserve requirement. Which component of monetary base is affected?
Please note the distinction between money supply and monetary base.
In a fractional reserve banking system, the maximum portion of the money supply represented by bank-issued loans relates to the reserve requirement as $M_{loans} = \frac{deposits}{r} - deposits$ where $r$ is the reserve requirement expressed as a decimal.

For example, a bank holding \$1000 in deposit liabilities facing a reserve requirement of 1% is free to issue $\$1000/.01 - \$1000 = \$99,000$ in new money in the form of loans.  Doubling the reserve requirement to 2% would reduce this number to $\$49,000$.

Reserve requirements in the US depend on the total amount held by a given bank and range from 0% to 10%, with larger banks facing the larger requirement.  https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/reservereq.htm.  Some countries, like Canada, do not have a reserve requirement.  Banks determine their reserves according to their internal risk models, including assumptions on inflation risk.

Of course, banks don't have to lend money out until they hit the reserve requirement, and as noted in comments above, the money supply in the US is largely decoupled from banking operations thanks to quantitative easing measures.