Mathematical open problems that (when answered) might unlock MAJOR mathematical (micro)economics/finance/econometrics discoveries Are there any (specific) math open problems that mathematical (micro)economics / finance / econometrics researchers wish mathematicians could solve for their discoveries to flourish? If positive, which math open problems are related to which applied topics and how they are related?

When I ask that, it really comes to my mind the case of stochastic analysis and option asset pricing problems in mathematical finance.
People have argued that if $P \neq NP$ then efficient markets are impossible and certain equalibria may not exist. However, they may hold approximately, so I'm not sure if this qualifies. Additionally, if it turns out that $P=NP$ then certain economic optimization problems (e.g. in logistics) become easily solvable. On the other hand, if $P \neq NP$ then it might imply that encryption is very safe and therefore certain forms of economic arrangements will still be possible in the face of technological advance.