Test: Part-time Workers Effect on Unemployment Rate I want to test the causality of part-time workers on unemployment rate.


Should i use part-time workers as a share of total employment or total labour force?
If I run a regression of part-time workers on unemployment rate, there could be reverse causality. So I would have to use 2 stage least square. What are the possible instruments I could use?
This is mostly related to 2):

Not only is there reversed causality, but also potential for omitted variable bias. Identifying causality instead of correlation is something that no econometric method can do for you, you will have to work for that yourself.

For example, you can


Find some proxy that is going to move part-time employment, but not any other variable that could be somehow linked to the unemployment rate
Find exogenous (random?) variation in part-time employment. The most common tool here are (quasi-) natural experiments.