What's the Cause of Mexico's Poverty Rate? According to various sources (source listed in parentheses):


Mexico's unemployment rate is 3.3% (Trading Economics)
Mexico's literacy rate is 94.5% (Statistica)
Mexico's upper secondary graduation rate is 49% (OECD estimate)


Yet, when I look at the poverty rate for Mexico, the poverty rate is 46.2%, according to Reuters.  Mexico has low unemployment and a high rate of education, yet almost half of its population is in poverty.  What's the cause of this?
High poverty rates are generally a result of two factors

A) Low per capita income (GDP / capita)

B) High inequality (frequently measured as the Gini coefficient)

There are multiple potential reasons for any country's income level and degree of inequality (not just for Mexico's). Moreover, one can decompose your question into two.

1) What makes some countries (in general) richer than others?

2) Is Mexico poorer because of some Mexico-specific factors?

The answer to the first question is kind of the Holy Grail of empirical economics, and if any single economist had been able to answer that he would have definitely won a Nobel prize. The consensus view is that there are different factors contributing to cross-country differences in income. Literacy and education, which you mentioned (and which fit into the economists' definition of Human Capital) are mostly likely a key factor. However, another one which appears to be particularly important to Mexico's case is the quality of a country's economic and political institutions. See below a highly recommended reading from an economist who's likely to win a Nobel for growth theory, which in his very readable book frequently uses Mexico as a case-in-point for his theory.

http://whynationsfail.com/blog/2013/10/29/what-are-institutions.html