Can 10% of the population provide super-abundance for the entire world? In a discussion at the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs on Nov 9, Mark Blyth, a political scientist, said that


  We live in a world where literally 10% of the population could provide super-abundance for everyone.


Despite not being defined by Blyth in that talk, I'm assuming that super-abundance in this means:


3500 kcal (14.6 MJ) per day in nutritionally complete food
100 sq meters of appropriate shelter 
clothes 
entertainment (including vacations)
healthcare, education, sanitation and everything else related to the first two levels on Maslow's hierarchy of needs 


Can 10% of the population working full time or the entire working population (I'm assuming that 50% of the population is work capable) working only 20% of the time provide for the entire world ?
Listen to the 30 seconds leading up to that claim. To me it is clear that he is talking of factory jobs. And there he is right. The top countries have no trouble producing more than 10 times the per capita consumption of industry goods per worker. 

What he is saying is that production of goods is very efficent. He then goes on and mentions Germany and the US. I looked up the numbers of my home country, Sweden. In Sweden, the number of factory workers has decreased by more than a third since 1970, but production is way up. His point is that lack of production capacity isn't the reason why not everyone has a car, tv, washing machine, etc. We have the technology to produce the same material wealth (things, not services) for the entire world using just 10% of the population.