Is the world economy highly-dependent on the United States of America? How dependent is the economy of the world on the United States?

Can US policies have disastrous impacts on other superpowers in the world such as Germany?

For example, take into account countries such as Iran and Turkey which were hit by US sanctions and their economy soon deteriorated.

I want to know if the same can happen to a country like Germany, UK, or Japan if at some point in time US decides to impose similar measures on such countries or even decide to stop doing business with them?

In brief, can German economy, as an example, survive without the United States? Are they heavily-dependent on the US?
During 2017 US GDP made up 24.03% of global GDP, so yes, the world economy is heavily dependent on the US.

Specific effects on individual countries depend on current levels of trade.  The one country that would be most negatively affected (especially given news about the NAFTA negotiations), would be Canada (582 billion traded with a GDP of 1.653 trillion).  Most other countries probably wouldn't experience that level of total economic collapse, but depending on what scenario you're suggesting things aren't going to go well regardless since the US is also instrumental in doing things like the dollar being the global reserve currency and being the basis of the petro trade, as well as subsidizing global security (mostly in regards to international shipping and piracy).