Which measures are there to evaluate a country economical development? I'm familiar with the measures of Gross domestic product (GDP PPP) total, per capita and GDP nominal total and per capita. But I'm not sure if these measures evaluate the economical development of a country since they don't take into account what a country owes, and external debts sometimes get countries into economical crisis when they become unable to pay them. 
Then I found about net international investment position (NIIP) that is defined as a country's external financial assets and liabilities. 

My question is, can this measure be used to evaluate the economical development of a country and if not, are there specific measures which are used to evaluate economical development?
Your question brakes down into:
- Alternatives to measure "economic development": there are several ways to interpret what development is, it can be social, intensity of money flows, or volume of "money flows". 

If you look for social development and well-being, the HDI (Human Development Index) is a good start, but there are several others like the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI)

If you look more to assess the level of financial risk that a government or country is exposed to (debt wise) in combination to the wealth generated in that country, you can take as an example what the European union measures for economical stability: a combination of Budget deficit to GDP and debt-to-GDP ratio.