What does liberal economic theory say about monopolies? Ludwig von Mises in his book "Liberalism: In the Classical Tradition" writes that in liberal economic the monopolies are rare and have a tendency to disappear. 

For an onlooker like me, however, his arguments sound not convincing, they give an impression of topics specially selected for polemics. For example, he doesn't explain the causes of the Great Depression (which is a standard argument against liberalism for his opponents). 

Moreover, I would say, his style is strangely focused on examples, he seems to carefully avoid mathematical language, where chosen notations and premises give a possibility to deduce general statements from other general statements. As a result, his examples look like special cases which do not cover the whole picture. The examples that he gives look good, but a feeling appears that there are other, uncomfortable examples, which go unnoticed. 

On the other hand, what happens in the real economy does not confirm his scheme well, for example (this is commonplace in the political debates in modern Russia) the "liberal reforms" of 1990-2000-ies led not to capitalist relations but directly to a feudal society with highly monopolized economical and political life.

I want to ask you if there exist theories/books/articles where the accusation against Liberalism -- 


  Liberalism leads to monopolies


-- is discussed in detail with convincing references, examples, and conclusions? 

EDIT 29.09.2018. Gentlemen (and ladies), still I would like someone to enlighten me. Where do monopolies come from? Are they a result of state intervention, or do they arise by themselves, without a public policy? Where is this all described (i.e. which reading could you recommend)? If the school of Mises died, what does the rest of the economic science say about it?

EDIT 08.07.2019. I'd like to add this question: are there any ways to deal with monopolies except the government intervention?
Monopoly and competition are one of the central topics in microeconomics, so there many theories on the source of monopoly, and they are not universally applicable.  Government intervention is certainly one possible source of monopoly, but there are many others.

I don't think I could give a general answer that does the question justice, so I will just give links to some of the topics are related:


Cournot competition
Economies of scale
Network effect
Diamond search paradox
Monopolistic competition
Market contestability


The general area is known as industrial organization.  The classic text is Jean Tirole's "The Theory of Industrial Organization", though I think this only covers a small fraction of the topic.