Translog Preferences What are translog preferences? The wikipedia article only clears up that it stands for transcendental logarithmic preferences, and that they are a generalization of Cobb-Douglas preferences.

Do they have special features that make it more appealing? I have never seen these being used in Macroeconomics.
The translog function can be used not only in preferences but also in production and cost functions. I am not very familiar with its implications in consumer theory, but from the production point of view, i've seen it widely used.
The Translog Function doesn't impose additivity and homogeneity, and hence Constant Elasticity of Substitution. This is interesting because it doesn't require a &quot;smooth&quot; substitution among the inputs (in production analysis). I guess that in consumer theory the interpretation would be similar.
So basically, the translog function is less restrictive than a cobb-douglas. If you impose some restrictions while calculating the translog function parameters, you get a cobb-douglas function. That is why it is a &quot;generalization&quot;. In other words, the cobb-douglas is a specific case of the Translog function imposing additivity and homogeneity (i.e. imposing constant elasticity of substitution).

Edit: i added more info to reply your comment.
I think that the other reply is more complete than mine. But i'm just going to add something i consider useful for you to have a broader understanding. I assume that you're familiar with indifference curves. I refer you to this site (from where i took the graphs), in case you're not.
An indifference curve is just a mapping of all the combinations of two (or more) goods that give you the same utility, or &quot;make you happy at the same level&quot;.
First, see this indifference curve:

Fig 1: source
This setting is known as &quot;complements&quot;. Because as you can see, adding one thousand units of good x (that is moving to the right), without adding good y (that is not move upwards) does not make you happier: you move along the indifference curve. Think of this as the left shoe and the right shoe. It is useless to have a thousand additional left shoes without adding a right shoe because they are perfect complements.
Now, look at this one:

Fig 2: source
This one is called &quot;substitutes&quot;. It's the opposite case to the complements. You can think of this as beef and chicken. You can cook using only beef, or you can substitute and cook using only chicken. But you can cook with certain combination too, say 150 grams of beef and 100 grams of chicken beccause they are perfect substitutes (Sorry, i couldn't come up with a better example but this one makes the point).
Now, this extreme cases make easier to imagine all the settings that are &quot;in the middle&quot;. That is, two types of good that are not perfect complements neither perfect substitutes. Think of food and drinks. They can't be perfect substitutes because you can't have lots of food without drinks. The're not perfect complements either because the mix of food and drinks is not fixed. For this setting the cobb-douglas could be a nice approximation as can be seen in the next figure:

Fig 3: source
Now, the Cobb-Douglas utility function doesn't solve everything, as it imposes certain constraints by construction. For example, the line that goes from the origin through all the curves (the expansion path) is 45° and straight by construction: it cannot be changed. This means that as you get richer (even infintely rich), your preferences over this goods remains constant. The formal name is homotheticity or homothetic preferences. This is empirically false, as it has been shown that the richer you are, you use a smaller share of your income for food. With Cobb-Douglas preferences, this cannot happen. Translog preferences relaxes this assumption.
In the next figure, you have a utility map relaxing the homotheticity assumption:

Fig 4: source
Think of this graph as good y being food and good x being entertainment. As you get richer (or farther from the origin), you will destin more of your income to entertainment.
Finally, i will talk about the Elasticity of Substitution which is known as $\sigma$ (sigma) which can be imagined as being the curvature of the indifference curve. In the Fig 1, the perfect complements $\sigma = 0$: No curvature. In the perfect substitutes, $\sigma = infinity$: straigt line. In Cobb-Douglas, $\sigma = 1$: a slight curvature. Nonetheless, as you get richer (distant to the origin), this Elasticity of substitution remain constant in the three settings. Even in the non homothetic preferences seen in Fig 4, the elasticity of substitution remains constant. These are the **Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES)**preferences. But what if you allow the curve to have different shapes as you get richer? Look at Fig 5:

source
In this example, the indifference curves get less elastic every time. Hence, they are not CES preferences. The advantage of the Translog preferences is that, since you don't impose neither CES neither homotheticity, you can test this hypothesis with observed data. You can see that the Translog utility function is much less restrictive than the Cobb-Douglas preferences.
As a final remark, i shall say that it can be the case that you do not reject the hypothesis of homotheticity, CES and $\sigma = 1$ in a dataset of observed behavior. This would leave you in a Cobb-Douglas preferences setting. So, by using Translog you're not necessarily ruling out Cobb-Douglas.