Why do central banks currently favor cheap money policies? Currently, central banks around the world are setting very low interest rates.

According to Taylor rules, which most central banks can be shown to roughly follow, this implies that they believe that the natural level of output is greater than the current level of output and/or current inflation is below its target. Looking at real GDP per capita charts (e.g., US, Eurozone, World), I could not see that we are far below the medium-run trend in real GDP. Therefore, I am wondering what current factors drive central banks to implement low interest rates?
Most central banks' primary goal is maintaining a moderate inflation (around 2 %). In some cases, they also have a secondary and lesser mandate to care for employment numbers.

Since inflation is not taking off but persists at a low level, the central banking system has flooded the markets with money. The thought is that the money will "trickle down" from banks and institutions with easy access to money. However, the effects on the real economy have been somewhat limited.

The central banks' idea is that when capital is cheap to come by, companies will invest and thus hire more people to the workforce, who will in turn consume more. This isn't really happening, which is likely due to demographic and technological factors. After employees were released during the 2008 financial crisis, companies haven't really started to employ people again in the same magnitude. To a higher degree, production processes are now outsourced or automated. Companies who are hiring, typically are looking for people with higher education or specialised skills. Most unemployed people available to the labor market do not meet these requirements. So we have deflationary pressures in the world economy that are keeping inflation down.

If central banks really wanted to get inflation going, it would probably be more effective to just hand out money directly to the consumers' bank accounts, than having money pass through intermediaries. The exception to this is that we have seen pocket bubbles in real estate and some other asset classes. Despite interest rates being record-low, people who already have some wealth aren't really consuming much more, neither are they saving funds in their bank accounts, but have instead tried to find asset investment opportunities to increase wealth. This is creating lending and speculation bubbles in real estate and an upswing in stock and bond prices.

Some economists are also starting to question the objective of pursuing inflation and if it really should be the paramount objective of central banks, when the problems created by massive asset bubbles could become so much worse.