Are coupons all semi-annual? How do coupons get priced in together?
Edit this answer was written for the original question, before user completely edited whole question to something completely different and unrelated to original question for some reason:

How is it that the coupon rate is higher than the interest rate?
How can the coupon rate be higher than the interest rate?
Doesn't that mean that after one year, you're beating the interest rate. For example, if the coupon rate was 8% and the interest rate was 4%. On a $100 priced bond, I would get 8 dollars in the first year, which is 8% returns, as opposed to 5% returns on the interest rate. Am I missing something? If I'm not missing something, then is this scenario not possible?

I believe that at the heart of this question is confusion between the price of the bond and face value of the bond.
A general bond pricing formula (see here an example) can be expressed as as a discounted stream of future cash flows from the coupon and the value of the bond itself. Hence we have:
$$ P = \sum^T_{t=1} \frac{C_t}{(1+i)^t}+\frac{M}{(1+i)^T}$$
where $P$ is the price of the bond, $C$ is the coupon, $i$ is the interest rate, and $M$ is the value at maturity (i.e. the face value — the value printed out on the bond).
Based on the above formula if the coupon was $8\%$ of the $\\\$100$ face value (i.e. $\\\$8$), the interest rate $4\%$, and we assume $T=2$ the actual price of the bond simply cannot be $\\\$100$.
The correct price would be:
$$ P = \sum^2_{t=1} \frac{\\\$8}{(1+0.04)^t}+\frac{\\\$100}{(1+0.04)^2} \approx \\\$107.54$$
If the price would  be lower than $\\\$107.54$ people would increase their demand for the bond until it would reach its equilibrium at that price and vice versa if the original price would be above.
It is simply not viable for the price to stay at $\\\$100$ in free bond market. In real life there might be some mispricing occurring at some times (although to discuss why is outside the scope of this answer) that can create arbitrage opportunity but as people start taking advantage of it, it will eventually disappear unless the mispricing is deliberately encouraged by some policy.