Which of these pictures is more abstract? Let's consider the two following illustrations from the NASA posters collection:




N°1
N°2








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My questions are:

Would it make sense to state that one of these picture is more abstract, in an artistic meaning, than the other one?

If so, which one would be deemed more abstract?

(Optional) If none of the above makes sense, what would be the best categories to use to distinguish these two styles?
Neither of these are abstract, but the second one is definitely moreso than the first.

The first has clearly defined objects and flow; it simply looks like a stylized art piece.  The second one, though it has clearly defined objects, lacks flow and is more open to interpretation.  It has some abstract elements, but overall, it is not.

Keep in mind that the term "abstract" is used to define art that does not resemble any other visual references in the world.  It is a bunch of baloney that leaves the viewer to be the one to interpret it.