Does Ceres have an exosphere similar to the Moon? Thinking about the question and answers for Does the Moon have any oxygen in its atmosphere? begs the question, despite being considerably smaller than the Moon and further away from the sun, does Ceres have a similar atmosphere as the Moon?
In general, asteroids experience the same fundamental processes as the moon: solar wind, micrometeorites  and photons from the sun are striking them and sputtering material off to form an exosphere.  So there must be some sort of exosphere, but its density and composition will vary with distance from the sun, as well as the gravity and composition of the asteroid.

A 1992 ultraviolet study of Ceres found $OH$ emission, consistent with escaping water, and suggesting a ice cap.

But a more recent study with the more sensitive VLT  did not detect $OH$, limiting the maximum amount of water produced  per second to $7 \times 10^{25}$ molecules per second at the time of the observation.