Can automatic algorithms completely eliminate the impact of Starlink and other satellites? According to a comment by user @J:

With that said, other than aesthetics, machine vision algorithms are wildly more advanced today than in the past - strategies to remove passing satellites don't really seem to be anything other than trivial. It's annoying because it requires land based observatories to correct for the new noise, but it doesn't seem anything fundamentally more disruptive than that - a mild annoyance.

Is it true that machine learning (and other) algorithms are so good these days that you can automatically eliminate the impact of any satellites passing overhead? Perhaps not the ideal solution for a casual astronomer but perhaps easy to do for a professional observatory?
No, automated algorithms won't ever be able to completely eliminate the effect of passing satellites.

Some of the light reflected from the satellites into the atmosphere will then scatter and cause some amount of light pollution.  The pollution isn't limited to just in the direction of observing.  See: https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/41722/can-you-photograph-the-milky-way-with-a-full-moon-out.

Whenever automated algorithms remove the presence of satellites from images, some of the underlying data will be removed as well.

As the number of satellites increases, eventually it will render some data for stellar occultation light curves unusable as the occultations from satellites coincide with the occultations from asteroids.  See: Is 486958 Arrokoth (2014 MU69 aka Ultima Thule) the only solar-system object determined to be binary by occultation?.  This particular effect will occur even if the satellites have zero reflectivity.


Elon Musk says:

I am confident that we will not cause any impact whatsoever in
astronomical discoveries, zero [...] That's my prediction, we will
take corrective action if it's above zero.

But he is confident in an impossibility.  We can minimize the effect by reducing satellite reflectivity, but we can't make the effect zero, even with advanced algorithms.
Note: The above list is not meant to be comprehensive.