What makes scientists already so certain that Comet C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) is a comet and not an asteroid? US Naval Research Laboratory scientist Dr. Karl Battams has recently tweeted


  Unlike 'Oumuamua, whose asteroid-or-comet nature still gets debated, this one is definitely a comet. If it is unequivocally interstellar, it'll be fascinating to see how its composition (spectral properties) compare to the variety we see in comets from our own solar system.


Answers to Do astronomers generally agree that the distinction between comets and astroids is not so clear? suggest that the distinction can be a hard call sometimes, and some might instead call small solar system bodies formerly known as Prince comets and asteroids just that; SSSBs.

Question: What might cause astronomers like Dr. Battams be so confident that this object is a comet and not an asteroid, besides the fact that it's being called one? (Comet C/2019 Q4 (Borisov))

Is it just the orbit itself, or are there other observational data such as brightness in the infrared?
It's the appearance that is mainly used to distinguish comets from asteroids. As noted in the discovery Minor Planet Electronic Circular (MPEC), numerous observers observed extended diffuse emission (i.e it looks "fuzzy" with a Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) greater than the field stars, or shows a tail) typical of a comet. In the case of 1I/'Oumuamua, deep searches with 8-m telescopes failed to record any evidence for any extended emission, indicating it was most likely a bare rock. The much brighter magnitude of C/2019 Q4 does play a role in this, making a search for extended emission easier. 

The distinction has become more difficult in recent years with the discovery of activated asteroids such as (6478) Gault, Main Belt Comets but also objects like 1I/'Oumuamua on very long period, comet-like orbits which don't seem to show any sign of emission.