What is the definition of a "pole" of a celestial body? What is the definition of a &quot;pole&quot; of a celestial body?
Earth's pole is defined as it's rotational pole.  The North and South Poles are the two points on Earth where its axis of rotation intersects its surface.
Apparently, (according to everywhere I've read), the poles of astronomical bodies are determined based on their axis of rotation in relation to the celestial poles of the celestial sphere.  But this is an inadequate definition.
What about Pluto?  Pluto's axis of rotation does not intersect its surface.  Pluto is tidally locked with Charon, and Pluto orbits a barycenter that is located outside of Pluto.  And yet Pluto has a North and a South Pole.  Why are the North and South Poles of Pluto where they are, as opposed to any other location on the surface of Pluto?
How are these poles defined for Pluto?
What is the definition of a &quot;pole&quot; of a celestial body?
You are mixing the rotation of the body around a barycenter with its moons, and the rotation of the body around its own center.
For a bound rotation like Pluto and Charon both have to have the same rotation period - yet both have to be present. Thus Pluto's axis of rotation of course intersects its surface - it rotates around its own axis at exactly the same speed as it orbits around the common barycentre with its moon Charon. Were it different, it would not be a bound rotation.
The North pole usually is defined as the place where the body's rotation axis (about it's own center of mass) with the right-hand-rule intersects the surface (thus the vector of the rotational momentum in positive direction intersects the surface when placed in the centre of rotation).
There is virtually no non-rotating body.