How do you measure something that has already left the observable universe? They say that the observable universe is only 5% of the entire equation. The rest of it consists of dark matter and energy. I believe that they are trying to find a way to see something that cannot be seen due to being outside of the observable universe, sort of like how galaxies redshift and slowly face away of out existence. 

tl;dr  does dark matter/energy increase every year?

What comes after red shift? Black? If so, then does that mean the universe is mostly black because 95% of matter has "Blackshifted"?

Did I post a question correctly?
First off, you need to understand what "Redshift" is.  Light that is redshifted means that its wavelength has increased, making it appear more red.  This can come from a variety of sources, including Doppler shifting.  What we're more concerned with here is "cosmological redshift".  As light travels through space, its wavelength increases due to the expansion of space.  We can use a measurement of how much the light has redshifted to calculate the distance to its source.  There is nothing "beyond" redshift, because redshift is just a lengthening of the wavelength.  And nothing is happening to the objects themselves, they just appear to get redder to us.

Next, the definition of the "observable universe".  Because light travels at a finite speed, it takes a certain amount of time to reach us.  The universe had a beginning in the big bang, meaning that light has only had a certain amount of time to travel.  Therefore we can only see things out to a certain distance.  Light coming from objects further than that has not had enough time to reach us yet, so we can't see them.  That's what we mean by the "observable universe".

Galaxies do not "phase out of existence" because of redshift.  As we look outwards, we're looking at older and older objects.  Because the light takes a certain amount of time to reach us, we're essentially looking back in time.  As time passes, however, we can see more and more because light from further away objects has more time to reach us.

Dark matter and dark energy cannot be directly observed because they do not interact with light.  They do not absorb it, emit it, reflect it, or anything else.  However, they are still within the observable universe, because the observable universe is basically just the size of the universe.  There are many different theories as to what dark matter and dark energy actually are, but they are not ordinary matter that has been "blackshifted".