Adiabatic versus convection I am reading about the interior temperature structure of Jupiter. It says in various texts that there are regions in Jupiter's atmosphere which are well-approximated by a dry adiabatic lapse rate. 

Does this mean that in these regions there is convection happening? Is adiabatic just a general synonym for convection?
An adiabatic process in physics is at first a process where a system of limited size does not exchange any heat with the outside world, or where the energy exchange timescale is very long compared to the interesting timescale under which the adiabatic process occurs.

It is also loosely used as a term meaning 'constant in the framework of a certain approximation'. One sees this often used in quantum mechanics where it essentially means 'quasi-static', or in plasma physics where particles can gyrate in a field gradient. If the field gradient is much smaller than the gyration radius, such that every individual particle gyration experiences a near uniform field, then the particle experiences an adiabatic change of the underlying field.

Coming back to planetary/stellar atmospheres, here the two concepts are used interchangeably. Should a piece of atmosphere experience a super-adiabatic temperature gradient, then this situation is usually unstable towards buoyant instabilities. As soon as convective motion sets in, the temperature gradient will be brought down towards the adiabatic one.
This is a very general process and happens in stars as well as planets, if no other physics is present. Thus it is used interchangeably, while people using it are aware that this is a bit sloppy.