Is our supercluster part of a galaxy filament? It was discovered recently that the Milky Way galaxy lies inside a supercluster named Laniakea Supercluster. On the other hand, wikipedia says that galaxy filaments are "the largest known structures in the universe"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_filament

My question is: is the Laniakea Supercluster part of a galaxy filament, and if so, what's the name of the galaxy filament?
The Laniakea Supercluster contains several galaxy filaments, even just reading the wikipedia articles you provided you can see the difference in size of the two:

Galaxy Filament


  They are massive, thread-like formations, with a typical length of 50 to 80 megaparsecs, (163 to 261 million light years) that form the boundaries between large voids in the universe.


Laniakea Supercluster


  The Laniakea Supercluster encompasses 100,000 galaxies stretched out over 160 megaparsecs (520 million light-years).


The reason why Laniakea isn't the largest "structure" in the universe is because it inst a single object, rather an arbitrarily assigned group of galaxies. From this image below you can see how the supercluster is given an imaginary edge based on the peculiar velocities of the galaxies within it, there is no observable edge to the supercluster, unlike galaxy filaments that have visible edges.