Implementation of formulae for Meeus for the Moon With Astronomical Algorithms by J. Meeus (1998)
I have obtained the relevant illuminated fraction of the disk and position angle.

But they're numbers (all Greek to me!) I know, Meeus explains that they're ratios of the lengths of the illuminated limb and areas.

Okay, so I have a ratio.  How do I implement that together with the position angle to work out the direction of the illuminated limb and the amount illuminated?

I'm assuming that the ratio 1.0 is totally illuminated (i.e. Full Moon)
and 0.0 is nothing (i.e. New Moon).

and then there is the position angle, I'm assuming that the direction in degrees is starting at 0 pointing upwards.  Is that the crescent shape direction i.e. the horns are pointing away from the directional angle?

I would like to be able plot this so that I can show visually the moon's illuminated fraction and direction for any day in any given year.

As I said, I have the numbers, I'm trying to translate that into a more visually appealling and meaningful result.

Meeus says this is the selenocentric elongation of the Earth from the Sun (Phase Angle) - i.   

the formula for illuminated fraction k is:

k = ( 1 + cos i ) / 2

tan i = (R sin l) / (D - (R cos l))

R = distance Earth-Sun
D = distance Earth-Moon
l = geocentric elongation

Meeus calls k the ratio of the lengths BC:AC
the same as the ratio of the areas: NBSC:NASC

Where
Your understanding of the illumination is correct. k is the ratio of the illuminated length BC to the diameter AC. New Moon has an illumination of 0, Full Moon an illumination of 1, and the quarter phase an illumination of 0.5.

The position angle is measured counterclockwise from north (celestial north, along a line of right ascension) to the bright limb C. You need to calculate the parallactic angle, q, which is the angle from "up" to celestial north. From chapter 14 (in the 2009 version)
$$
\tan q = \frac{\sin H}{\tan \phi \; \cos \delta - \sin \delta \; \cos H}
$$
where $\phi$ is the geographical latitude, $\delta$ is the declination of the Moon, and H is the hour angle. The diagram below shows a positive value for both q and PA.