How would one estimate the rotation period of a star from its spectrum? The figure is shown; the measurements were taken on two consecutive observing nights. The Ordinate is the flux normalized to continuum and the abscissa is the wavelength scale. You can see the &quot;bumps&quot; indicated by the arrows referring to some Starspot as the spot moves on the profile; assuming a single time-stable position-stable spot.
The &quot;bumps&quot; slightly shifts, as indicated by the arrows in the top line profile compared to the bottom profile, as the spot &quot;moves across&quot; the surface as the star as it rotates; i'm just not sure how to get an estimate of the rotational period from this? Given just the wavelength for the abscissa.
Figure reference : Gray, D. (2005). The Observation and Analysis of Stellar Photospheres (3rd ed.), page 498. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781316036570
It takes a spot &quot;bump&quot; half the rotation period to traverse from the blue side of the line profile to the red.
You can see that the bump has maybe moved across 20% of the profile in one night, so the rotation period would be estimated as $\sim 10$ days.
Looking up the period of Sigma Gem - it is 19.6 days. So my method is not very accurate by eye, but you would need to simulate the star plus spot spectrum more accurately to take account of limb darkening and the spectral resolution of the spectrograph.