$\eta$ and $\xi$ coordinate system Is there a standard definition for $\eta$ and $\xi$ in terms of Ra and Dec, as used in an astronomical coordinate system? I'm used to working with Ra and Dec, and am not sure how to precisely interpret this spatial graph from de Boer et al. 2013.
$\xi$ and $\eta$ are just arbitrary names of coordinates, used because the actual position on the sky doesn't matter in this context, i.e. only the relative position in the plot is important. An analogue would be to label the coordinates of your living room $x$ and $y$, instead of using Earth's longitude and latitude.
If you really want to transform, you can use the information given by the authors that an &quot;over-dense feature&quot; is located at $(\xi,\eta) = (0.25,0.06)\,\mathrm{deg}$, which they say corresponds to $(\mathrm{RA},\mathrm{dec}) = (2^\mathrm{h}21^\mathrm{m}2.2^\mathrm{s}, -34^\circ 27'17.6'')$.
This transformation requires that positive $\xi$ and $\eta$ values point toward east and north, respectively. This is not explicitly written in the reference you give, but is seen to be the case in the paper they quote (de Boer et al. 2012). Thanks to @planetmaker for digging this up!