What is the highest recorded temperature in space What is the highest recorded temperature in space? I'm not asking about Planck temperature that is a fraction of a second before the Big Bang. I'm asking about the temperature that has been recorded by an instrument.
Well this infograhic puts gas heated by a supernova at about 55 million Celsius.

And that's not even the highest temperature we can just "find" out there, even if we discard supernovae and stellar cores.  The gas in a cluster of galaxies (the ICM) can have temperatures on the orders of 10 million to 100 million Kelvin.  Such a high temperature gas emits high energy photons such as X-rays via bremsstrahlung radiation, and these are observable (and have been observed) by X-ray telescopes.

There's this review article from 2003 that covers the basic methodologies and measurements made on ICMs, including (but decidedly not limited to) temperature.