Magnification using a CMOS sensor I'm reworking my question regarding magnification of my 60mm, ⨍=700mm refractor. The video eyepiece is a CMOS sensor with a pixel size of 5.6μ x 5.6μ. The number of pixels is 720 X 480 with a 0.3 megapixel resolution. That said, I'm clueless regarding an algorithm from which you could decipher the magnification given these physical characteristics of the CMOS sensor. Any thoughts would be appreciated. Thank you!
Magnification using a CMOS sensor

The concept of magnification is most easily defined when we are comparing apples to apples, not apples to oranges.
When we use a telescope (and assuming normal or corrected vision) the situation is as follows.
Light entering a telescope from a point in space, it is essentially parallel, and when it is correctly focused light exits the eyepiece parallel as well. In this case the term magnification really applies to angles. If we have a 900 mm telescope and 7.5 mm eyepiece giving 120x magnification, then a 30 arc seconds wide Jupiter will appear  1 deg apart to our eye.
So here &quot;apples to apples&quot; means angles to angles.
There is no easy  way to talk about magnification when a recording device like photographic emulsion or a CMOS sensor is placed at the focus, because in this case angles have been converted to positions.
Here &quot;apples to oranges&quot; means angles to positions.
Instead we can talk about scale.
In [this comment] the OP correctly obtained 1.65 arc seconds per pixel using pixel size divided by focal length which gives the angle in radians and then the multiplier
$$\frac{180}{\pi} \frac{3600}{1000} = 206.2648$$
which converts radians to degrees, then to arc seconds, then divides by 1000 because that equation specified micrometers for pixels and millimeters for focal length.
If you wanted an apparent magnification based on viewing your image on a screen, you can use the following which is a ratio of angles
\frac{\text{camera pixel}}{\text{focal length}}
$$M_{apparent} = \frac{\text{angle}}{\text{angle}} = \frac{\frac{\text{screen pixel}}{\text{viewing distance}}}{\frac{\text{camera pixel}}{\text{focal length}}} = \frac{\text{screen pixel}}{\text{camera pixel}} \times \frac{\text{focal length}}{\text{viewing distance}}$$
Which means of course that the farther we hold the screen away from us, the smaller Jupiter looks, or the larger the pixel size on our screen, the bigger it looks.
But of course that only works if our device displays with a 1:1 correspondence between image pixels and screen pixels. If the device scales the pixels (most do) then you have a bigger challenge.
That's why recorded images through telescopes rarely if ever display &quot;magnification&quot;. For microscope images, if they show a bacteria and say &quot;magnified 5000 X&quot; then they are comparing the size of the bacteria to the size of the printed image in the book.