A 38-year-old male patient presents with persistent, bright red gums and loose teeth. He mentions a history of HIV infection. What are the potential causes and the next steps?
This patient's symptoms suggest HIV-associated periodontal diseases, which could include linear gingival erythema or necrotizing periodontal diseases. These conditions are more common and can be more severe in patients with HIV due to their immunocompromised state. The next steps would involve careful oral hygiene instructions, professional dental cleanings, and possibly antiviral therapy or antibiotics. Collaboration with the patient's medical provider for optimal HIV control is also important.