[ 0018 ] fig1 shows an illustrative absorbent interlabial device 10 designed according to the principles disclosed herein . note that the illustrative embodiments described herein to elaborate and elucidate the instant inventive principles should not be viewed as limitations . fig1 shows that the absorbent interlabial device 10 may contain three layers of material , layers 100 , 110 , and 120 . layer 120 is the layer that could be in closest contact with a human wearer of the absorbent interlabial device . the layers described herein are layers of material , the properties of which will be described in detail below . it is , of course , understood that the layers of material may be configured to contain a specified thickness depending on a particular embodiment . the layers are stacked over one another and each layer in such a stack may be of equal or different dimensions with respect to other layers in the stack . it should further be noted that the materials comprising the layers are flexible thereby providing some comfort to a wearer . layer 100 could be the layer furthest from layer 120 . for convenience , one may label layer 100 as the “ lower ” or the “ outer ” layer ; layer 110 as the “ middle ” layer ; and layer 120 as the “ inner ” or the “ upper ” layer . these designations and / or labels should not limit the inventive principles as the designations and / or labels are provided only to explain the principles . for example , the layer 110 — the “ middle ” layer — may contain multiple layers of different materials , or it may contain a single layer of materials . in an embodiment , layers 100 , 110 , 120 completely overlap each other . in other embodiments , the layers 100 , 110 and 120 may not completely overlap each other . for example , in an embodiment , the layer 110 may contain certain material that does not completely overlap an upper and a lower layer . the shape of the interlabial device may be substantially rectangular , substantially oval or substantially rectangular with substantially circular edges . wings or flaps may be formed in alternative embodiments but these are not necessary in other embodiments . other embodiments may have conical or other similar shapes for the device . each layer of material is constructed , in alternative embodiments , of varying dimensions . in an illustrative embodiment , each of the several ones of the middle layers is of 0 . 1 to 4 millimeters in thickness . similarly , the outer layer may be constructed with a thickness of 0 . 1 to 4 millimeters ; and the inner layer may be constructed to have a thickness of 0 . 1 to 4 millimeters . the layered interlabial article 10 can be formed as a single unit , such as in a foam molding operation , or the flexible elements can be manufactured individually and then attached to one another , such as by the use of adhesives , heat sealing with thermoplastic materials , hook and fastener technology , and ultrasonics . in the case of foam molding , by manipulating the foam material and / or molding process , both open celled and closed celled surfaces may be formed . open celled surfaces are useful for absorbing bodily fluids , while closed celled surfaces can act as a barrier to prevent captured fluid from traveling completely through the article and onto a wearer &# 39 ; s skin or clothing . additional methods and apparatuses useful in forming the articles of the present invention as a single structure are described in u . s . pat . nos . 5 , 165 , 152 ; 4 , 863 , 450 ; 4 , 859 , 273 ; 4 , 816 , 100 ; and 4 , 453 , 296 . these methods generally consist of folding or rolling a web comprising fibrous materials onto itself into a blank , and then compressing the blank into a final form with heat and pressure . the blank typically takes a desired final form due to either the flowing and resetting of thermoplastic polymers in the web , or by the web being plastically deformed ( non - recoverable deformation ) sufficiently . a useful web for this purpose is a single nonwoven web comprising blends of bicomponent thermoplastic fibers , such as polyethylene / polyester sheath core fibers , woodpulp , and superabsorbent polymers . the web may comprise several layers with the outer layers void of any absorbent material ( i . e ., woodpulp and superabsorbent polymer ). construction adhesives known in the art may be optionally employed to aid in keeping the folds or pleats in their desired final form , or alternatively to adhere separately made flexible elements of the article together . a representative , non - limiting list of construction adhesives includes acrylics ; starch based hot melts ; adhesives based on block copolymers of vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and one or more conjugated diene or hydrogenated aliphatic blocks ; polylactic acids ; hot melts based on polyolefins such as amorphous polyalphaolefins that may consist of one or more of the following monomers : propylene , ethylene , butane , and hexene ; hot melts based on low density polyethylene or low density polyethylene copolymers including ethylene vinyl acetate , methyl acrylate , n - butyl acrylate , and acrylic acid . conventional methods used in constructing articles for managing bodily - fluids , such as sanitary napkins may also be used to make the interlabial article . these methods typically bond or encase multiple material layers or particulates together . the material layers or particulates may be in the form of apertured or non - apertured polymeric films , foam sheets , fibrous webs , superabsorbent fibers and / or particles , and woodpulp . more particularly , in an embodiment , each of the three layers , 100 , 110 and 120 may be individually formed and thereafter laid on top of each other in a press and pressed together . alternatively , a sequential industrial process may prepare the materials in stages and assemble the entirety of the absorbent interlabial device 10 as a single device . in an embodiment , the three layers 100 , 110 and 120 are attached at least at the edges of the layers . such attachment may be made , for example , by pressing the layers 100 , 110 and 120 together and / or by way of a number methods such as stitching the layers together , applying any known adhesive material to aid attachment of the layers to one another , and the like . this configuration allows a wearer to readily use the absorbent interlabial device thus formed . [ 0029 ] fig2 depicts a top - view of a multi - layered absorbent interlabial device of fig1 . the top view advantageously depicts the inner layer 120 , the layer closest to the body of the human wearer , of the absorbent interlabial device 10 . all materials used to make the instant device are properly cleansed , sanitized to be of medical - grade , and are prepared to be free of infectious agents . in accordance with an embodiment , the inner or body - contact layer is made of undyed knitted cotton fabric . it has been discovered that knitted cotton fabric has certain benefits over nonwoven fabric in that the latter may cause allergic reactions in some wearers . further , knitted cotton has good bio - fluid - absorbent property and is found to be useful in tropical countries such as india . undyed knitted cotton fabric is non - allergic to most persons in view that there are no chemicals in that material . accordingly , this too appears to be suitable because of its absorbent and fluid - retention properties . alternative embodiments use micro perforated film designed to allow semi - permeability of bio fluids ( i . e ., allowing an easy flow of bio fluids in a first direction but not in a second ( reverse ) direction ). the at least one middle layer is configured to contain a composite material including a fibrous material mixed with an absorbent material . alternative embodiments may use , as the fibrous material , compressed cotton , compressed cellulose and other similar materials . further alternative embodiments may contain a combination of both compressed cotton and compressed cellulose . shown in fig3 is an illustrative middle layer constructed in accordance with the disclosed principles . it should be noted that one or more middle layers are possible . other embodiments may use only two or fewer layers of materials but the principles of the invention apply equally well to such embodiments as well . the absorbent material may be , in an embodiment , gum karaya powder . it has been discovered that compressed cotton ( or in alternative embodiments , compressed cellulose ) mixed with gum karaya and / or acrylic polymer has acceptable levels of absorption of bio fluids such as menstrual discharges , urine , and blood . further , this composite material is found to retain bio fluids well . acrylic polymer has the capacity absorb about 150 times its own weight of fluid , and about 500 times its own volume . its absorbency performance against pressure is also acceptable in a confined space . once the fluids are absorbed , a significant amount of the fluids is retained , minimizing leakage . gum karaya has similar fluid absorbency and retention characteristics to acrylic polymer . in other embodiments , the absorbent material may be acrylic polymer powder . the amount of gum karaya contained by the article can range from about 0 . 1 to about 7 grams , and more particularly from about 2 to about 6 grams . gum karaya , sometimes known as sterculia gum , is the dried exudation of the sterculia urens tree and other species of sterculia . the tree is native to india . the highest - grade sorts of gum karaya are white , translucent and almost free of bark . the lower grades vary from light yellow to brown and may contain as much as 3 % of insoluble impurities . powdered gum karaya is white to greyish white . gum karaya does not dissolve in water to give a clear solution but rather forms a colloidal solution . powdered gum karaya swells in cold water to an extent that a 3 % to 4 % solution will produce a heavy gel of uniform smoothness and texture . gum karaya forms viscous solutions in hydroalcoholic solutions ranging up to 60 % to 35 % alcohol concentration . the viscosity of gum karaya is largely dependent on its freshness , that is , how recently it was gathered from the trees . the viscosity is affected by conditions of climate and growth . viscosity is also affected by storage . powdered gum karaya shows a decrease in viscosity after storing over 6 months . gum karaya sols are sensitive to alkali and attain their maximum viscocity at ph 8 . 5 . above that ph the sols tend to become stringy . gum karaya is a complex polysaccharide of high molecular weight . a molecular weight as high as 9 , 500 , 000 has been reported . on hydrolysis it yields galactose , rhamnose and galacturonic acid . gum karaya occurs as a partially acetylated derivative . the acid number has been found to vary from 13 . 4 to 22 . 7 . the variation in acid number is influenced not only by the source of the sample but also by its age . the gum has a peculiar property of splitting off free acetic acid and this loss is loosely correlated with the particle size . trimethylamine has also been identified in the hydrolysis products . gum karaya contains 12 % to 14 % moisture and less than 1 % acid insoluble ash . the ph of a 1 % gum karaya solution is 4 . 6 . if small amounts of alkali are added to change the ph to 7 or 8 , the gum tends to have a buffering action effect and will gradually reduce the ph again to the acid size . gum karaya is compatible with other plant hydrocolloids as well as proteins and carbohydrates . there is apparently an incompatibility of gum karaya gels with pyrilamine maleate , a strong hydrotrope and antihistaminic . electrolytes also cause a viscosity drop well as excessive acid . alkalis cause the gels to become stringy . the outermost layer is advantageously made of nonwoven material made with a spunbond - meltblown - spunbond ( sms ) process . tests have shown that the sms nonwoven fabric is substantially biodegradable . moreover , this fabric may absorb a good amount of bio fluids in a first direction and in a second direction it may impede the flow of such fluids . it has been further observed that in the second direction the sms nonwoven fabric does not allow a significant amount of blood and other bodily fluids to seep through , thereby mitigating the problem of stains on that direction . moreover , the sms nonwoven fabric is air - permeable , making it comfortable even as it acts as a barrier to air - borne bacteria . this combination of properties makes the sms nonwoven fabric useful as an outermost layer , wherein the fluid absorbent first direction is advantageously configured to face the innermost layer , thereby exposing the second direction to the elements or clothes worn over an absorbent interlabial device . the principles of the instantly disclosed absorbent interlabial device may be adapted to function as a tampon , which is typically inserted into the vaginal cavity to absorb menstrual discharges therefrom . alternative embodiments of the absorbent interlabial device may be designed in such a way as to provide extra cushion in the area that makes contact with sensitive body parts . for example , a portion that is closest to the wearer &# 39 ; s private parts may be shaped to the contours requirement of the human genitals or other private parts . further designs are disclosed to accord the wearer a secure feeling . in an embodiment , the disclosed device may contain wings ( or flaps ) designed to overlap one over the other to contain the fluids within the device . additionally , the device may be designed to maintain in tact with the inner wear . finally , the device may , in alternative embodiments , be designed to provide some absorbent material in the wings ( or flaps ). shown in fig4 is an embodiment of the absorbent interlabial device with flaps . the flaps may be coated with adhesive material to enable easy folding . the dimensions of the flaps are provided in the illustration as an example and not as a limitation of the principles disclosed . the foregoing illustrates the principles and manufacture of an absorbent interlabial device . persons of ordinary skill in the art may make modifications and / or rearrangements without departing from the spirit and scope of the principles disclosed herein . all such modifications and / or rearrangements should be considered to be within the scope of the appended claims .
the present invention relates to an absorbent article designed and configured to fit between the labia . the article employs a plurality of stacked , layered elements and provides for collection of bodily fluids and solids typically left unabsorbed by conventional interlabial products . the material used for absorbent purposes includes gum karaya , a plant extract , sometimes in combination with undyed compressed cotton and / or cellulose . further embodiments include acrylic polymer to enhance the absorbent properties of gum karaya .