the invention is now described in greater detail with reference to the figures , wherein fig1 and 2 schematically show nucleotides identified by arrach et al . in relation to the motif of the invention , fig3 shows a graph indicating the relative prevalence of nucleotides in the motif of the tumour specific promoter element , fig4 is a graph according to fig3 with the best matching nucleotide sequence , and fig5 shows facs measurement results of reporter gene expression from bacterial vectors of the invention in tumour and spleen , respectively . in detail , a library of genome fragments obtained from salmonella typhimurium was generated by arranging genome fragments in 5 ′ to a reporter gene devoid of a promoter . the reporter gene used was gfp - ova according to bumann , mol . microbiol ., 1269 - 1283 ( 2002 ). the reporter gene product is short - lived in order to prevent accumulation of protein in bacterial cells that could occur by induction from a weak promoter , which was not intended to be isolated . according to standard procedures , the expression cassettes containing the reporter gene and containing , in 5 ′ to the reporter gene , a genomic fragment , was transformed into salmonella typhimurium sl7207 to generate the bacterial library . an aliquot of the bacterial library was injected directly , i . e . intra - tumourally , into an established subcutaneous ct26 tumour in a mouse in order to avoid a selection of bacteria by migration into the tumour , that was e . g . observed for systemic application of bacteria . one day after intra - tumoural infection , the tumour was removed and homogenized . homogenate was sorted by facs using two colour flow - cytometry to distinguish reporter gene expressing bacteria from autofluorescent debris . for this first facs selection , a very broad region was collected to enrich for gfp - ova - positive clones , in which presence of the reporter gene product indicates the content of a tumour specific promoter element . collected bacteria were grown overnight on lb agar plates . of these selected clones , suspensions were made in lb medium . aliquots of these bacteria were used for a second intra - tumoural infection as described above , and facs selection of reporter — positive clones from tumour homogenate . for the second facs selection , more restrictive settings were used in order to select for clones with high expression . the selected bacteria were plated onto agar plates and grown overnight . the colonies were scraped off the plates and resuspended and then used for infection of a tumour - free mouse i . v . in order to select for gfp - ova - negative clones from spleen . one day after infection , the spleen was removed and homogenized . from the homogenate , bacteria that were negative for the reporter gene expression were selected by facs sorting . in this way , it was ensured that promoter elements that had been selected before for their activity in solid tumour tissue , would not show activity in spleen , which organ was taken as a representative for non - tumour tissue . finally , bacteria selected from the facs sorting as reporter - negative in spleen , were grown on lb - plates and resuspended collectively . an aliquot of the bacterial suspension was used for infection of a tumour bearing mouse i . v . as described above , the tumour was removed on the next day and homogenized . from the homogenate , strong expression of reporter gene was used by restricting the settings of facs to select for gfp - ova - high expressing clones . as a result , about 3 , 000 colonies could be plated from the selected fraction of bacteria . inserts from bacterial colonies that were grown of the finally selected bacterial fraction were sequenced . for further selecting bacterial clones for inserts driving transcription of the reporter gene in a solid tumour , but essentially not inducing transcription of the reporter gene in non - tumour tissue , e . g . in spleen , individual bacterial clones were again used to infect a tumour bearing mouse i . v . recovery of bacterial vectors from tumour homogenate and spleen , respectively , was followed by facs analysis of gfp - ova expression . the clones were selected by choosing high reporter gene expression in tumour , in combination with little or no expression of the reporter gene in spleen . the multi - step selection method for the tumour specific promoter elements of the invention demonstrates that induction of transgene transcription is controlled to be tumour specific in combination with essentially no activation of transgene transcription in a non - tumour environment , e . g . in spleen . in the individual clones , the following tumour specific promoter elements were identified : preferably , a promoter region contains a tumour specific promoter element in a distance of 10 to 600 nucleotides in 5 ′ to the ribosome binding site of an expression cassette containing an orf ( open reading frame nucleotide sequence ) of a transgene . it was found that the multitude of single nucleotides , which were identified by arrach et al ., do not motivate nor guide the identification of the tumour - specific motif of seq id no . 1 . as an example , fig1 shows the motif , which as indicated extends for 21 nt from nt 2389982 , in relation to the nucleotides ( nt ) 2389959 , 2390063 and 2390198 between gipt ( starting at nt 2389963 ) and glpa ( starting at nt 2390236 ). it becomes clear that the nucleotides which arrach et al identified as putative tumour - specific nucleotides are located at a distance from the motif of the invention . as a further comparison , clone no . 10 , which is preferred in arrach et al as a tumour - specific clone , fig2 shows the relation of the nucleotides identified by arrach et al to the motif . the nucleotides nos . 914543 , 914762 , and 914937 , located between pfle ( starting at nt 914684 ) and moeb ( extending to nt 914962 ) are spaced from the motif , which extends from nt 914714 by 21 nt . further , no motif could be derived from the multitude of single nucleotides that were identified by arrach et al . in an attempt to deduce a promoter element from the single nucleotide positions of arrach et al , regions of 800 nt around ( 400 nt in both directions ) these single nucleotides were selected . this length of 800 nt is larger than the 300 to 500 nt used in the experiments of arrach et al , and larger than the average length of segments used during the analysis that forms the basis of the present invention . due to the larger length of segments , the probability of identifying the motif in this approach is even increased . this analysis was done with the same parameters as those used during the preparation of the invention . it was found that no common sequence or motif corresponding to the motif of the invention could be derived . as a control experiment for expression of the transgene in tumour only , bacterial salmonella typhimurium clones harbouring the tumour specific promoter elements of the invention as nucleic acid sequences integrated into the expression cassette containing the reporter gene gfp - ova were used to intravenously infect balb / c mice bearing ct26 tumours . 24 hours post infection , tumours , spleens and livers were removed , homogenized and prepared for facs analysis . as used during the selection method , a volume of 250 μl homogenate in pbs was measured by facs . it could be shown that transgene expression was obtained for the promoter elements of the invention in tumour tissue , whereas essentially no transgene expression was determined for spleen and liver . in all animal experiments , generally 6 - to 8 - week - old female balb / c mice were used . injections were subcutaneously at the abdomen with 5 × 10 5 ct26 cells . for infection with bacterial vectors , mice that had developed tumours of approximately 4 - 7 mm diameter were injected with about 5 × 10 6 cfu of the bacterial vector in suspension in phosphate buffered saline ( pbs ). for facs measurements , homogenates were diluted 1 : 10 for spleen and liver homogenates , and 1 : 100 for tumours , respectively , in 0 . 1 % v / v triton - x100 / pbs containing 2 mm edta and filtered using a 30 μm celltrix filter . sorting or analysis by facs was made on a facsaria or a lsrii ( becton dickinson , usa ) flow cytometer . an exemplary result for a clone of s . typhimurium containing the gfp - ova gene in 3 ′ to a promoter region containing a promoter element of the invention is shown in fig5 for the tumour homogenate and the spleen homogenate , respectively . the fluorescence of orange against green was measured for discriminating autofluorescent cellular debris , which gives a higher orange - to - green fluorescence emission ratio compared to bacterial vectors showing reporter gene expression ( gated in p1 ). the inserted field circumscribes the events that were assigned to high tumour specificity of induction of reporter gene transcription , in combination with essentially no induction of reporter gene transcription in spleen . this example demonstrates that the promoter elements of the invention , when comprised in a promoter region of an expression cassette , result in the transcription of the orf which is functionally linked to the promoter region at presence of the bacterial vector in tumour tissue , whereas at presence of the bacterial vector in spleen , essentially no transcription is effected .
the invention relates to bacterial promoter elements which constitute or which are comprised in promoter regions and which confer tumour specificity to the promoter region activity , resulting in transcription of a transgene , which can be a heterologous or a homologous gene , which transgene is functionally arranged downstream of the promoter region at presence of a host bacterium in tumour tissue , while essentially conferring inactivity of the promoter region and no transcription at presence of the host bacterium in non - tumour tissue . accordingly , the invention relates to bacterial promoter regions containing these tumour specific promoter elements .