the x - ray apparatus 1 schematically shown in fig1 has an x - ray radiator 2 that emits x - ray radiation r , an x - ray detector 3 and a control and evaluation system 4 . a diaphragm 6 and a scattered - ray grid 7 are interposed between the x - ray radiator 2 and the x - ray detector 3 . the diaphragm 6 serves to allow selected portion of a desired size of the x - ray radiation r to pass therethrough to a person or a subject 8 to be examined , and to the scattered - ray grid 7 and the x - ray detector 3 . the scattered - ray grid 7 serves to gate lateral scattered radiation that would adulterate the x - ray image acquired by the x - ray detector 3 . the x - ray radiator 2 and the x - ray detector 3 are attached to a stand 9 above and below an examination table , such that they can be adjusted . the control and evaluation system 4 includes a control unit 10 to control the x - ray radiator 2 and / or the x - ray detector 3 , and to generate a supply voltage for the x - ray radiator 2 . the control unit 10 is connected with the x - ray radiator 2 via data and supply lines . the control and evaluation system 4 furthermore includes an image preparation unit 12 . the image preparation unit 12 preferably is a component of a data processing system 13 that , in addition to image processing software , includes operating software for the x - ray apparatus 1 . the data processing system 13 is connected with the control unit 10 and the x - ray detector 3 via data and system bus lines 14 . for entering and displaying data , the data processing system 13 is connected with peripheral devices , in particular a monitor 15 , a keyboard 16 and a mouse 17 . the x - ray detector 3 shown in detail in fig2 is of a type known as a solid - state detector . it has a planar active readout matrix made of amorphous silicon ( asi ) that is coated with an x - ray converter layer 19 , for example cesium iodide ( csi ). in this x - ray converter layer 19 , the x - ray radiation r striking in the radiation direction 5 is converted into visible light , which is transduced into electrical charge in photodiodes 20 of the readout matrix 18 . this electrical charge is in turn stored spatially resolved in the readout matrix 18 . the stored charge , as indicated in the section shown enlarged in fig2 can be read out in the direction of the arrow 24 to electronics 25 ( indicated schematically ) by electronic activation 22 of a circuit element 23 associated with each photodiode 20 . the electronics 24 generates digital image data b with amplification and analog - to - digital conversion of the readout charge . the image data b are transmitted to the image preparation unit 12 via the data and system bus line 14 . the image preparation unit 12 preferably is in the form of a software module in the data processing system 13 . a simplified block diagram of the image preparation unit 12 is shown in fig3 . the image data b produced by the x - ray detector 3 are first supplied to an input memory 26 . the input memory 26 thus contains image data b representing a “ raw image ” i 0 , meaning an unprocessed x - ray image . starting from the input memory 26 , the image data b are successively supplied to a number of image processing modules a i ( i = 1 , 2 , . . . , n ), each of which modifies the image data b in a predetermined manner . the image processing modules a i are , for example , an image definition module , filter modules ( in particular low - pass filter , high - pass filter , median filter and combinations thereof ), contrast and brightness modules , frequency - dependent filter modules , or modules for characteristic line - dependent modification of the image data . each image processing module a i is controlled by one or more parameters p ij ( i = 1 , 2 , . . . n ; j = 1 , 2 , . . . m i ) in the example , it is assumed that the first image processing module a i is a module for contour emphasis (“ edge enhancement ”). for example , the quantity of the filter kernel , the degree of mixing a high - pass image , a signal level above ( or below ) which the filter acts or is suppressed , or the like can be used as parameters p 11 , p 12 , p 13 , . . . associated with this module a 1 . each parameter p ij also can contain an individual number or a characteristic line p ij ( x ), meaning a functional dependency . the entirety of all parameters p ij is designated as parameter set p . the parameter set p can be represented , for example , as a two - dimensional field or matrix of the individual parameters p ij , or be handled as serial data . in the operation of the x - ray apparatus 1 , a current parameter set p akt is made available to the image processing module a i . this current parameter set p akt preferably is stored temporarily in a buffer memory 27 . the buffer memory 27 can be initialized by a suitable control command 28 , meaning allocated with the values of a standard parameter set p std . the standard parameter set p std is in turn stored in a standard memory 29 . the control command 28 to initialize the buffer memory 27 ensues at the start - up of the x - ray apparatus 1 or it can be explicitly generated by a user , for example by actuation of a “ reset ” button . after the initialization , the content of buffer memory 27 is identical to the content of the standard memory 29 . the x - ray apparatus 1 thereby operates in its standard setting . the final image modified by the processing modules a i corresponding to the setting of the parameters p ij is temporarily stored in an output memory 30 and can be displayed on the screen 15 . as long as the image preparation unit 12 operates in its standard setting ( meaning the current parameter set p akt corresponds to the standard parameter set p std ), the modified image stored in the output memory 30 is designated as a standard image i 1 . the user now can manually post - process the x - ray image displayed on the screen 15 , by changing individual parameters p ij relative to the standard setting . for example , the user can implement these changes via the keyboard 16 and operating software ( not shown in detail ). based on the changed current parameter set p akt , an image i 2 that is modified relative to the standard image i 1 is generated by the image processing modules a i , stored in the output memory 30 and displayed on the monitor 15 . when the user is satisfied with the change effected in the x - ray image , the user stores the modified image i 2 permanently . this save event triggers a control command 31 within the image preparation unit 12 , based on which a copy p nr . k ( k = 1 , 2 , . . . , k ) is stored in a modification memory 32 . this event is repeated each time the user saves a modified image i 2 . the copies p nr . k are collected in the modification memory 32 . when the number k of the copies p nr . k collected in the modification memory 32 reaches a predetermined threshold , internally a control command 33 is produced that activates an adaptation module 34 of the image preparation unit 12 . the adaptation module 34 calculates the parameter - specific average value from the parameters p ij nr . k of the copies p nr . k according to eq . 1 or eq . 2 , and thus obtains an optimized parameter set & lt ; p nr . k & gt ; that contains the averaged parameter & lt ; p ij nr . k & gt ;. this optimized parameter set & lt ; p nr . k & gt ; is stored as a new standard parameter set p std in the standard memory 29 . the adaptation of the standard parameter set p std as described above also can be explicitly initiated by transmission of a manual control command 35 equivalent to the control command 33 . after successful adaptation of the standard parameter set p std , the content of the current parameter set p akt is updated by re - transmission of the control command 28 . the standard image i 1 is thus automatically adapted to the taste of the user . a variant of the image preparation unit 12 shown in fig4 is expanded relative to the embodiment specified in the preceding , to the extent that different standard settings are prepared dependent on the special application of the x - ray apparatus 1 . the standard memory 29 accordingly has a number of standard parameter sets ( p std ) i with the count index i = 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . , each individual parameter set ( p std ) i being optimized for an organ to be examined , and / or a specific projection of the x - ray acquisition , and a specific generator setting . different organs with respectively different standard settings can be , for example , the thorax , hip , abdomen , skull , extremities , etc . ; various projections ( for example , lateral , aperior - posterior , oblique , etc .). the various generator settings of the x - ray generator differ with regard to the voltage and the current strength of the supply voltage , the filtering or the dose . furthermore , the image preparation unit 12 offers various person - specific user profiles . this means that different parameter sets ( p std ) i are likewise maintained for different users . to allow the correct standard parameter set ( p std ) i to be selected for the image preparation , before the test execution , the user specifies the organ to be examined , the projection used and the generator setting , and enters his or her user identification . from this , the operating software determines the associated count index i , using which the associated standard parameter set ( p std ) i is identified . the functioning of the image preparation unit 12 according to fig4 corresponds to the embodiment of fig3 but with the current parameter set ( p akt ), and each stored copy ( p nr . k ) i thereof , corresponding to the standard parameter set ( p std ) i , are being dependent on the count index i . for proper functioning of the optimization process , that the adaptation module 34 for averaging uses only those copies ( p nr . k ) i that correspond to the count index i . for comparison , fig5 shows an image ( acquired by the x - ray detector 3 ) of a human ribcage ( thorax ) in the form of a raw image i 0 , a standard image i 1 and a manually modified image i 2 . for image preparation , a processing module a 1 was used that effects a grey - value shift of the individual pixels according to a characteristic line p 1 ( x ). the upper graph 36 in the representation shows a characteristic line p 1 std ( x ) corresponding to the standard setting . in contrast , the lower graph 37 shows a manually changed characteristic line p 1 akt ( x ). although modifications and changes may be suggested by those skilled in the art , it is the intention of the inventor to embody within the patent warranted hereon all changes and modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of his contribution to the art .
in a self - learning method for image preparation of digital x - ray images for automatic optimization of parameter settings for image preparation or in a digital x - ray apparatus , as well as an image processing unit and an x - ray apparatus operating according to the method , a predetermined modification is implemented on image data by at least one image processing module , dependent on at least one parameter . the parameter or parameters is / are supplied to the image processing module from a current parameter set which is initialized by a standard parameter set and which can be changed specific to a user . a copy of the modified current parameter set is stored given a positive confirmation of a change of the current parameter set , and an optimized parameter set is automatically determined using one or more stored copies . the standard parameter set is adapted to the optimized parameter set .