fig1 a illustrates three embodiments of a wand head wh with one or more nozzles nz for projecting fire fighting foam in a substantially focused stream . each nozzle nz has a tip portion tp defining a longitudinal axis . the embodiments of fig1 a all terminate in a solid bore discharge orifice . the tip portion tp of each nozzle nz has a stream shaper ss comprised of fins fn . as is common in the industry each nozzle includes a swedge - down area sw for recovering head pressure in order to enhance the range of the discharge . the nozzle of these preferred embodiments utilize a solid bore discharge orifice do . however , it is anticipated that roughly equivalent nozzles can be constructed using an annular bore discharge nozzle . an annular bore discharge nozzle is illustrated in principle in fig1 c . an annular bore discharge nozzle is created by a deflector or bafflehead bh placed in a fluid flow conduit . the deflector or bafflehead creates the swedge - down effect for the recapture of head pressure for discharge , and the nozzle “ gap .” the three wand head embodiments of fig1 a illustrate one or more nozzles nz , typically connected to a conduit cd , and thence to an upstream ambient air aeration chamber aaac . a support plate sp is illustrated as one means of helping to affix the foam projecting nozzles to a top portion of an industrial tank wall at a desired height . fig1 a also briefly illustrates connection of a wand head wh with one or more nozzles to a riser portion rs . the riser rs is simply a pipe or a line or the like used to bring water and foam concentrate up the tank wall to the wand head and the nozzles . fig1 b illustrates a prior art foaming chamber fc with a typical “ pouring ” foaming chamber discharge orifice fcdo . as discussed above , fig1 c illustrates a wand head with projecting nozzles having not a solid bore discharge orifice but an annular discharge orifice , created by a deflector baffle head bh . fig2 illustrates in greater detail a three inch wand head wh comprising a combination of a pair of nozzles nz , each with a tip portion tp , each tip having a stream shaper ss . the pair of nozzles are connected by conduit cd to an ambient air aeration chamber aaac . also in the drawing is a riser pipe rs ( in two sections ) that can be connected to the lower portion of the wand head . an inlet pipe rsl is illustrated that can be connected to an upper portion of the riser pipe and provide a connection to water and foam concentrate hose or piping . fig3 and 4 illustrate in full as well as in cut - away a further embodiment incorporating three of the instant aerating foam projecting nozzles into a wand head wh . each nozzle nz has a tip tp and a stream shaper ss . upstream of the nozzles are first and second ambient air aeration chambers aaac . a support plate sp helps to assist affixing the nozzles nz to the top of a tank wall tw in desired locations , as shown in fig4 . a partial section of a riser rs below the wand head is shown in fig4 , including brackets br in fig3 useful for affixing or stabilizing the riser rs with respect to the tank wall tw . wind girder wg is also illustrated in fig3 . fig5 illustrates a cut away of a different version of a nozzle nz having tip portion tp with stream shaper ss . conduit cd is shown connecting nozzle nz with ambient air aeration chamber aaac having tubular jet tj . a portion of riser rs is also illustrated in fig5 . fig6 illustrates the embodiment of fig5 with riser rs attached to tank wall tw using brackets br . nozzle nz is inserted through an opening two in the tank wall tw . the tank is shown with a tank fixed roof tfr . fig7 a - 7f provide drawings for an embodiment of a foam wand in general overview . the wand head wh is shown resting on a wand support plate sp . foam wand riser rs is shown affixed to a wand head portion . foam wand mounting clamps or brackets br are illustrated for mounting riser rs to the side of a tank wall tw . the assembly of the foam wand riser pipe and wand head together with foam wand support plate is illustrated in fig7 f . fig8 illustrates a foam wand head wh in greater detail including in particular an embodiment of a stream shaper ss comprised of fins fn that fits in a tip portion tp of the nozzles on the foam wand head wh . fig8 b illustrates a crosswire screen cw placed in the ambient air aeration chamber just downstream of the tubular jet tj , with one eighth inch cross wires to break the jet stream at that portion of flow . the foregoing figures illustrate various embodiments of an aerated foam projecting nozzle to project fire fighting foam in a substantially focused stream , and in particular a nozzle structured for projecting at least 100 gpm of aerated foam at 100 psi . as can be seen the nozzle has a tip portion defining a longitudinal axis and preferably terminating in a solid bore discharge orifice . however , an annular discharge orifice should also work . the tip portion of the nozzle incorporates a stream shaper and , as frequently included , a swedge - down portion . the stream shaper has at least four fins with a longitudinal dimension in the tip portion greater than the radial dimension in the tip portion . it can be seen that the fins terminate substantially flush with the nozzle tip discharge orifice in the preferred embodiments . fig8 e illustrates that preferably greater than four fins are employed and preferably the fins have a longitudinal dimension ld greater than twice the radial dimension rd ( see fig8 e , 8h , 8i ). also preferably , the nozzle is structured to flow between 100 gpm and 900 gpm at 100 psi . as further illustrated by the foregoing figures , a nozzle for projecting aerated fire fighting foam in a substantially focused stream is proximately attached downstream of , and in fluid communication with , an ambient air aeration chamber , aaac . the ambient air aeration chamber preferably includes a tubular jet structure tj , preferably also with crosshairs cw or a cross haired screen just downstream of the tubular jet structure tj to further break up the flow . ( see fig8 b .) preferably the nozzle and ambient air aeration chamber are structured in combination to project foam with an expansion of between 2 to 1 to 8 to 1 . more preferably , the nozzle and aeration chamber are structured in combination to project foam with an expansion of between 3 to 1 to 5 to 1 . the nozzles for projecting fire fighting foam in a substantially focused stream are particularly adapted for being attached proximate a top portion of an at least 100 foot diameter industrial tank wall , as illustrated in fig3 and 7f . a riser rs preferably places the nozzle for projecting aerated fire fighting foam in a substantially focused stream proximate a top portion of an industrial tank wall and provides the nozzle and aeration chamber with a source of fire fighting water and foam concentrate . in operation a substantially focused stream of aerated fire fighting foam is projected by supplying water and foam concentrate to an ambient air aeration chamber proximately attached upstream of , and in fluid communication with , an aerated foam projecting fire fighting nozzle , and by projecting aerated foam with an expansion of between 2 to 1 to 8 to 1 from the nozzle in a in a substantially focused stream , the nozzle having a tip of at least four fins , the fins having longitudinal dimension greater than a radial dimension and terminating substantially flush with a nozzle tip solid bore discharge orifice do . ( see fig8 a .) in operation also , a substantially focused stream of aerated fire fighting foam can be projected by supplying water and foam concentrate to an ambient air aeration chamber proximately attached upstream of and in fluid communication with an aerated foam projecting foam fire fighting nozzle . the method includes projecting aerating foam with an expansion of between 2 to 1 to 8 to 1 from the nozzle in a substantially focused stream with the nozzle having a tip of greater than four fins and the fins having a longitudinal dimension greater than twice the radial dimension , the fins terminating substantially flush with a nozzle tip discharge orifice . preferably the methodology includes projecting foam with an expansion of between 3 to 1 to 5 to 1 into an at least 100 foot diameter industrial tank from a position proximate a top portion of a tank wall . again , fig1 a , 2 , 7a and 8a illustrate a wand head wh for a wand w , the wand head having at least one aerated foam projecting nozzle nz for projecting foam in a substantially focused stream in a roughly horizontal direction around an inside tank wall surface . see in particular fig2 and fig7 a - 7f . see also fig1 and 14 for an embodiment of a wand w including a riser rs and wand head wh . fig1 a , 2 and in particular fig8 b illustrate an ambient air aeration chamber aaac located upstream of , proximate to , and in fluid communication with , at least one aerated foam projecting nozzle nz . fig1 a , 2 and in particular 8 a , 8 d , 8 e , 8 h and 8 i illustrate a nozzle nz having at least four fins fn in a tip portion tp of the nozzle nz . the fins fn have a longitudinal dimension ld greater than a radial dimension rd and terminate substantially flush with a nozzle tip tp discharge orifice do . fig1 a , 2 , 8a , 8e , 8h and 8i , as well as fig1 , illustrate an embodiment of an aeration chamber structured together with a nozzle to project at least 100 gpm at 100 psi of aerated foam having an expansion of between 2 - to - 1 to 8 - to - 1 . fig2 and 13 illustrate the nozzle nz and chamber aaac attached to a riser rs for communicating water and foam concentrate . fig7 a - 7f , and in particular and fig1 and 14 , illustrate at least one nozzle and riser structured in combination for attachment to a tank wall of at least 100 foot diameter tank such that the nozzle projects foam in a roughly horizontal direction around an interior top tank wall surface . fig1 a , 2 , 7a , 8a and 13 and 14 show two aerated foam projecting nozzles nz , the two nozzles structured in combination to project roughly horizontally in roughly opposing directions . roughly opposing directions should be taken to mean directly opposite plus or minus 15 °. alternately stated , each nozzle should project within 15 degrees of 1 common average longitudinal axis for the pair of nozzles . a roughly horizontal direction should be taken to mean within 15 ° of the horizontal . fig1 a , 2 , 7a - 7f , 8a - 8m , 13 and 14 also illustrate aeration chambers and a nozzle or nozzles that can be structured to project aerated foam with an expansion of between 3 - to - 1 to 5 - to - 1 . fig8 d illustrates a discharge port pt structured in a fluid conduit between the nozzles and an aeration chamber , the discharge port structured to discharge up to 150 gpm of aerated foam predominantly in a direction roughly perpendicular to the said opposing direction . fig1 a , 2 , 7a - 7f , 8a - 8m , 13 and 14 illustrate a nozzle or nozzles that can be structured to project aerated foam at between 100 gpm and 900 gpm at 100 psi . fig1 illustrates a plurality of four wands spaced around a tank periphery , approximately 190 feet apart . fig7 f illustrates an at least 2 inch riser rs structured to extend from proximate a ground location to proximate an at least 45 foot high industrial top tank wall portion . one of skill in the art knows that industrial storage tanks of 60 foot diameter and greater have a wall height of approximately 45 feet or greater . fig9 - 12 illustrate an at least four inch riser rs , preferably comprised of riser top portion rtp , riser extension pipe rep , and riser inlet pipe rip . see fig9 . fig1 illustrates a riser foot rest kit for stabilizing an at least four inch riser rs . fig1 g further illustrates an at least four inch riser rs . fig1 illustrates riser rs located proximate a tank wall . fig1 and 13 illustrate riser rs located proximate a tank wall and structured to extend from proximate the ground to proximate a tank wall portion . a fire fighting nozzle capable of at least 150 gpm is shown attached to the monitor riser in fig1 and 13 . the monitor riser is indicated attached to monitor m and nozzle n . it can be seen from fig1 and 13 that the monitor and nozzle is structured to discharge from proximate the top tank wall , and including an ability to discharge roughly toward the center of the tank . roughly toward the center of the tank should be interpreted as toward the center of the tank +/− 30 °. again , fig9 illustrates a riser for a portable monitor and nozzle , the riser rs comprised of three sections , rtp , rep and rip , and structured to communicate fire fighting fluid from proximate a ground location to proximate the top of an at least 45 foot high industrial storage tank , as illustrated by fig1 a . a fitting ft is illustrated attached to the distal end of the riser rs , structured to releasably affix an at least 150 gpm portable monitor m and nozzle n . in this case the fitting is comprised of exterior male threads upon the upper portion of the riser pipe . a removable cap as well as the portable monitor and nozzle will have mating interior female threads , probably assisted by a pair of turning ears , to effect quick attachment and release . fig1 illustrates staging the riser rs with monitor and nozzle at a landing ln of a tank . as is known in the art a ladder is affixed to a tank , leading to the landing . fig1 illustrates a typical tank with a ladder ld and landing ln . in operation an aerated foam projecting nozzle would preferably project aerated foam roughly horizontally in a substantially focused stream around an inside top tank wall surface of an at least 100 foot diameter tank . the nozzle would produce aerated foam having an expansion of between 2 - to - 1 to 8 - to - 1 . preferably the foam would have an expansion of between have an expansion of between 3 - to - 1 to 5 - to - 1 . preferably two aerated foam projecting foam nozzles would be included , projecting roughly horizontally in substantially focused streams and in roughly opposing directions . preferably the nozzle or nozzles would be affixed to an upper wall portion of an industrial storage tank . in a point and shoot method , fire fighting fluid from approximately the ground is also provided to approximately the tank top through an at least four inch riser located proximate the tank wall , the at least four inch riser attachable to an at least 150 gpm portable monitor and nozzle by virtue of a fitting on a distal end of the at least four inch riser . alternately an at least 150 gpm nozzle could be fixedly attached to the at least four inch riser . the fixed nozzle would be structured with the riser to discharge proximate to a tank top wall portion and toward the center of the tank . the portable monitor and nozzle can be aimed and turned by a fire fighter . in the point and shoot method if the at least four inch riser is structured to releasably attach to a portable monitor and nozzle , then the at least four inch riser should be located proximate a landing at the top of the tank wall . alternately , if the at least four inch riser is structured to fixedly attach to a fire fighting nozzle , then the riser can be located any place around the periphery around the tank including a plurality of places . the riser and the fixed nozzle would be structured such that the nozzle discharges roughly toward the center of the tank . fig1 illustrates a typical ladder ld and landing ln of an industrial storage tank t . fig1 and 19 provide a table estimating the number of foam wands required for a point and shoot system as a function of the height of the foam dam of a floating roof . these are the number of foam wands needed for full encirclement seal protection . the foregoing description of preferred embodiments of the invention is presented for purposes of illustration and description , and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form or embodiment disclosed . the description was selected to best explain the principles of the invention and their practical application to enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments . various modifications as are best suited to the particular use are contemplated . it is intended that the scope of the invention is not to be limited by the specification , but to be defined by the claims set forth below . since the foregoing disclosure and description of the invention are illustrative and explanatory thereof , various changes in the size , shape , and materials , as well as in the details of the illustrated device may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention . the invention is claimed using terminology that depends upon a historic presumption that recitation of a single element covers one or more , and recitation of two elements covers two or more , and the like . also , the drawings and illustration herein have not necessarily been produced to scale .
the invention includes components and methodology for fixed and semi - fixed systems for extinguishing fire in large industrial flammable liquid storage tanks , including aerated foam projecting nozzles discharging substantially focused streams together with aeration chambers and risers and the formation of wand heads and wands .