referring now in detail to the drawings , the reference numeral 10 denotes generally a rigidized shaft of this invention as incorporated in a golf club . as illustrated in fig1 and 2 , the shaft 10 has a tapered tubular wall 18 and is preferably fabricated of metal such as aluminum , high carbon steel , titanium , etc ., however it can also be made of thermoplastic material . additionally , the shaft 10 can be formed in a cylindrical , step - down or other desired configuration in accordance with the particular application . in the context of this description the shaft 10 will be referred to as forming an integral part of a golf club ; however it should be understood that other similar uses would apply such as for ski poles , tennis rackets , squash rackets , and the like . as noted in fig1 and 3 , the shaft 10 is provided with a textured surface 12 represented by the diagonal cross - hatching . this textured surface has a plurality of convexities and concavities in the form of a regular pattern of raised pyramidal peaks 14 and alternate corresponding recesses 16 being the reverse image of the peaks 14 . the peaks 14 and recesses 16 extend respectively both exteriorly and interiorly from a neutral planar axis 20 passing circumferentially through the tubular wall 18 . as shown in fig2 and 4 , in adjacent neutral planar axes , each spaced apart a pitch distance &# 34 ; p &# 34 ; from one another , which axes are parallel to the neutral axis 20 , the relative positions of the peaks 14 and recesses 16 are reversed . the textured surface 12 is formed by redistribution of the tubular wall 18 with respect to the neutral axis 20 . in accordance with this invention such redistribution is accomplished typically by the application of synchronized sets of compression dies . the tubular wall 18 can be manufactured by an extrusion process forming a cylindrical tube which can then be swaged for taper and for step - down . thereafter , the textured surface 12 can be applied . in fig5 a section of the tubular wall 18 is shown schematically after the extruding process wherein a collapsible core or mandrel is provided with a die 22 which coacts by movement toward an exterior mating die 24 as indicated by the arrows shown in the drawing . the simultaneous compressive forces thus applied by dies 22 , 24 cause a plastic deformation and resultant redistribution of the tubular wall 18 and will produce the desired textured surface 12 . alternately , mechanical working of the metal can be performed while in flat sheets ; these sheets can then be cut , rolled and seamed , as by welding or lap seaming to form tubular sections . it should be noted that as a result of this material redistribution above and below the neutral axis 20 a rigidizing effect is produced for increasing the structural strength of the shaft 10 without the addition of more weight . the textured surface pattern 12 is considered three - dimensional in that the tubular material 18 is redistributed in three separate and parallel planes , one plane being defined by the locus of peaks 14 , another plane being defined by the locus of recesses 16 , and the third plane lying along the neutral axis 20 . the effect of this redistribution is integral reinforcement and strengthening of the tubular wall 18 against forces applied in any direction or applied along any axis including torsional forces . furthermore , the textured surface 12 provides a finish that is relatively maintenance free and optically flat for reducing undesirable reflected light and glare . when this shaft 10 is used as a golf club , it will provide the necessary elasticity and flexibility yet have greater strength resistance to torsional stresses . a variant embodiment is illustrated in fig1 a , 2a and 3a , wherein corresponding reference numerals denoted by the letter &# 34 ; a &# 34 ; designate similar elements in the second embodiment . fig1 a shows a partial view of a step - down rigidized shaft 10a having a three - dimensional textured surface pattern 12a . this textured surface 12a has a plurality of angular shaped projections 14a and corresponding depressions 16a as denoted to an enlarged scale in fig2 a . each of the projections 14a and depressions 16a results from a redistribution of a tubular wall 18a about a neutral axis 20a . fig3 a illustrates a typical section through the textured surface 12a . it should be noted that alternating courses of projections 14a and depressions 16a extend along neutral axes which are oriented obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the shaft 10a . this configuration provides increased shaft torsional strength which is desirable in certain sporting implements such as golf clubs wherein shafts are subjected to torsional impact stress . it should be apparent that numerous designs can be used and further that the shaft may also contain an untextured surface area or a combination of different textures such as 12 and 12a on the same shaft . the above described embodiments are therefore intended as exemplary ; while they have described the invention with specific implementations thereof , further modifications and changes may be apparent to those skilled in the art . it should therefore be understood that all material shown and described in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense .
a tubular shaft for a golf club or similar sports apparatus having a rigidized construction . the tubular shaft wall has a three - dimensional textured surface pattern formed by a plurality of alternate areas of convexity and concavity extending on corresponding sides of a neutral longitudinal axis through the shaft wall . the material distribution provides increased resistance to vertical , horizontal and torsional stresses without additional weight .