embodiments of the present invention and the advantages thereof are best understood by referring to the following descriptions and drawings , wherein like numerals are used for like and corresponding parts of the drawings . referring now to fig1 a long bone or femur 2 for use with the present invention is shown . the femur 2 includes an intermedullary canal 4 into which the prosthesis of the present invention may be inserted . the femur 2 is resected along resection line 6 by , for example , a power tool , for example , a saw . the resecting of the long bone or femur 2 exposes the intermedullary canal 4 of femur 2 . a distal or cylindrical reamer 8 that may be a standard commercially available reamer is positioned in the intermedullary canal 4 of the long bone 2 to form cavity 10 for receiving an orthopedic joint implant . the distal reamer 8 includes a plurality of longitudinally extending channels , or flutes 12 which are used to remove bone and other biological matter from the intermedullary canal 4 to form the cavity 10 . the distal reamer 8 may be rotated by use of a connector 14 positioned on the distal reamer 8 . the connector 14 may be any standard connector for example a hudson or an a - o connector . the connector 14 is used to connect to a power tool 15 for rotating the distal reamer 8 . the power tool 15 may be any standard power tool . it should be appreciated that the distal reamer 8 may be rotated through the use of the connector 14 by a hand tool for example a “ t ” shaped handle . the diameter “ d ” of the distal reamer 8 is determined by the size of the distal stem ( not shown ) that is to be implanted into the femur 2 . because of variances in human anatomy , there are numerous sizes of distal stems that can be implanted . therefore , there are numerous sizes of reamers 8 that can also be used . the large number of reamers 8 can increase production and manufacturing costs , as well as create problems during the surgery should the doctor select the wrong size distal reamer 8 to be used . turning now to fig2 , an embodiment of an expandable distal reamer 8 a is shown . because the distal reamer 8 a is expandable , the diameter d a of the distal reamer 8 a is variable , unlike the fixed diameters of the prior art distal reamers . as shown in fig2 , the expandable distal reamer 8 a includes a proximal portion 16 and a distal cutting portion 17 . the proximal portion 16 includes at least two gears 18 , 20 that are in contact with each other such that when the gear 18 is rotated , the gear 20 also rotates . similar to the distal reamer 8 of fig1 , the expandable distal reamer 8 a includes flutes 12 a . the flutes 12 a expand outwardly from the reamer 8 a when the gears 18 , 20 are activated . the reamer 8 a also includes a plurality of slits , or cuts , 22 a , 22 b around its circumference . such slits 22 a , 22 b allow the diameter d a of the expandable distal reamer 8 a to enlarge when the gears 18 , 20 are rotated . the gear 18 may be activated by inserting a chuck ( not shown ) into a hole 24 of the proximal portion 16 and then rotating the chuck . alternatively , a gauge 25 ( fig2 a ) may be inserted into the hole 24 until it engages the gear 18 and rotated a desired amount . the gauge 25 may include markers 27 ( fig2 a ) to allow the user to know when to stop rotating the gauge . any other known method for activating a gear may also be utilized . once the gears 18 , 20 are activated , the gear 20 forces a cone 26 down through the proximal portion 16 into the distal cutting portion 17 . as the cone 26 moves downwardly , the cone &# 39 ; s increasing diameter forces the distal cutting portion 17 to become enlarged . as stated above , the reamer 8 a includes slits 22 a , 22 b . these slits 22 a , 22 b allow the distal portion 17 to expand as the cone 26 pushes further into the distal portion 17 . therefore , the diameter d a of the reamer 8 a also increases . in fig2 a , the gauge 25 is shown inserted into the top of the expandable distal reamer 8 a and the distal reamer 8 a is shown in an expanded position , having a radius d b . when the gauge 25 is inserted , it engages the gear 18 . the gauge 25 may include markings 27 that correlate to the size of the diameter d a of the expandable distal reamer 8 a . in other words , if the surgeon or other healthcare professional rotates the gauge 25 a particular amount , the marking 27 indicates that the rotation correlates to a particular diameter d a of the expandable distal reamer 8 a . furthermore , as the gauge 25 is rotated , the slits 22 a , 22 b enlarge as shown in fig2 a , creating the larger diameter d b . as shown in fig2 and 2 a , the diameter d a of the expandable distal reamer 8 a may be enlarged through mechanical means such as gears 18 , 20 . however , other devices , such as pneumatic or hydraulic mechanisms could also be used to adjust the diameter d a of the expandable distal reamer 8 a . in addition , other mechanical devices , such as cross - bars and / or levers could be used to increase the diameter d a of the expandable distal reamer 8 a . after the distal region of the femur 2 is reamed , the proximal portion must then be reamed . as shown in fig3 , a conical or proximal reamer 30 is used to form cavity 10 for receiving an orthopedic joint implant . the proximal reamer 30 includes a plurality of longitudinally extending channels or flutes 32 which are used to remove bone and other biological matter from the femur 2 to form a cavity 33 having a cone - shape , with a diameter varying between a diameter d 1 to d 2 , which is the same shape and diameter range of the cone - shaped proximal reamer 30 . the proximal reamer 30 may be rotated by use of a connector 34 positioned on the proximal reamer 30 . the connector 34 may be any standard connector for example a hudson or an a - o connector . the connector 34 is used to connect to a power tool 35 for rotating the proximal reamer 30 . the power tool 35 may be any standard power tool . it should be appreciated that the proximal reamer 30 may be rotated through the use of the connector 34 by a hand tool for example a “ t ” shaped handle . the proximal reamer 30 is coupled to a pilot shaft 36 that fits into the reamed cavity 10 . the pilot shaft 36 ensures that the proximal reamer 30 goes into the canal and reams straight . turning now to fig4 , an expandable proximal reamer 30 a according to one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated . because the proximal reamer 30 a is expandable , the diameters d a1 - d a2 of the proximal reamer 30 a are variable , unlike the fixed diameters of the prior art proximal reamers . similar to the distal reamer 8 a shown in fig2 and 2 a above , the proximal reamer includes a proximal portion 37 and a distal cutting portion 38 . the proximal portion 37 includes at least two gears 39 , 40 that are in contact with each other such that when the gear 39 is rotated , the gear 40 also rotates . similar to the proximal reamer 30 of fig3 , the expandable proximal reamer 30 a includes flutes 32 a . the flutes 32 a expand outwardly from the reamer 30 a when the gears 39 , 40 are activated . the reamer 30 a also includes a plurality of slits , or cuts , 42 a , 42 b , around its circumference . such slits 42 a , 42 b , allow the diameters d a1 and d a2 of the expandable proximal reamer 30 a to enlarge when the gears 39 , 40 are rotated . the gear 18 may be activated by inserting a chuck ( not shown ) into a hole 43 of the proximal portion 16 and then rotating the chuck . alternatively , a gauge 44 ( fig4 a ) may be inserted into the hole 43 until it engages the gear 39 and rotated a desired amount . the gauge 44 may include markers 46 ( fig4 a ) to allow the user to know when to stop rotating the gauge . any other known method for activating a gear may also be utilized . once the gears 39 , 40 are activated , the gear 40 forces a cone 48 down through the proximal portion 37 into the distal cutting portion 38 . as the cone 48 moves downwardly , the cone &# 39 ; s increasing diameter forces the distal cutting portion 38 to become enlarged . as stated above , the reamer 30 a includes slits 42 a , 42 b . these slits 42 a , 42 b allow the distal portion 38 to expand as the cone 48 pushes further into the distal portion 38 . therefore , the diameters d 1a and d 1b of the proximal reamer 30 a also increase . in fig4 a , the gauge 44 is shown inserted into the top of the expandable proximal reamer 30 a and the reamer is shown in an expanded position having diameters d b1 and d b2 that are greater than the diameters d a1 and d 3 2 . the gauge 44 may include markings 46 that correlate to the size of the diameters d a1 and d a2 of the expandable proximal reamer 30 a . in other words , if the surgeon or other healthcare professional rotates the gauge 44 a particular amount , the marking 46 indicates that the rotation correlates to particular diameters d a1 and d a2 of the expandable proximal reamer 30 a . furthermore , as the gauge 44 is rotated , the slits 42 a , 42 b enlarge as shown in fig4 a , creating the larger diameters d b1 and d b2 . in this embodiment , because of the conical shape of the reamer 30 a , as the gears 39 , 40 are rotated , the diameter d a1 increases more relative to the diameter d a2 . in other words , proximal portion 37 is expanded more relative to the distal portion 38 . as shown in fig4 and 4 a , the diameters d a1 and d a2 of the expandable proximal reamer 30 a may be enlarged through mechanical means such as gears 39 , 40 . however , other devices , such as pneumatic or hydraulic mechanisms could also be used to adjust the diameters d a1 and d a2 of the expandable proximal reamer 30 a . in addition , other mechanical devices , such as cross - bars and / or levers could be used to increase the diameters d a1 and d a2 of the expandable proximal reamer 30 a . turning now to fig5 and 5 a , an alternative embodiment of a pilot shaft 50 is shown . as discussed above , a pilot shaft is attached to the proximal reamer to ensure that the reamer properly extends downwardly into the canal . also as discussed above , because the distal reamer 8 may come in various sizes , the pilot shaft must also come in a variety of sizes . therefore , to cut - down on manufacturing costs and to reduce the possibility of confusion in the operating , in one embodiment of the present invention , the pilot shaft 50 is also adjustable . as shown in fig5 , the pilot shaft 50 includes a proximal portion 52 , a distal portion 54 and a central portion 56 . the central portion 56 includes a sleeve 58 that engages two threaded screws 60 , 62 . as the sleeve 58 is rotated , the threaded screws 60 , 62 are pushed into openings 64 , 66 in the proximal and distal portions 52 , 54 . the proximal and distal portions 52 , 54 each include slits 68 , 70 that open as the threaded screws 60 , 62 are pushed into the openings 64 , 66 ( as shown in fig5 b ). thus , the operator is able to adjust the diameter of the pilot shaft 50 to match the diameter of the reamed canal 10 . in the embodiments illustrated in fig5 and 5 a , the pilot shaft 50 is adjusted from having a diameter of d c to d d . as shown in fig5 and 5 a , the pilot shaft 50 also includes a connectable mechanism such as a threaded portion 72 for attachment to the expandable proximal reamer 30 a . alternatively , the threaded portion 72 may also attach to a miller shell or a proximal body trial ( not shown ). turning now to fig6 , an alternative embodiment of an expandable proximal reamer 80 is illustrated . in this embodiment , the expandable proximal reamer 80 includes an upper conical recess 82 . a threaded expansion rod 84 has a threaded end 86 and is inserted into the upper conical recess 82 . as the threaded expansion rod 84 is advanced through the upper conical recess 82 , the expandable reamer 80 is widened through the use of a slit 88 . the user may thus adjust the diameters of the expandable reamer 80 . as shown in fig6 , the threaded expansion rod 84 may include a gauge 90 , allowing the user to determine the diameter of the reamer 80 . also , the rod 84 may include upper and lower support rods 92 , 94 that extend into the reamer 80 to keep the reamer 80 and the rod 84 rigid during use . either or both of the support rods may also be used in connection with any of the embodiments discussed above . in all of the embodiments discussed above , whether for distal reamers , proximal reamers , or pilot shafts , the various gauges and / or markings may also include preset stops that correspond to certain sizes . such preset stops would make it easier for a user to accurately stop adjusting at the correct diameter . the preset stops may be fashioned out of notches in a thread or any other known mechanism . turning now to fig7 , another embodiment of an expandable proximal reamer 100 is illustrated . in this embodiment , the proximal reamer 100 includes a screw 102 that extends outwardly from the proximal reamer 100 . the screw 102 has a threaded portion 104 a that is threadably engaged with threaded portions 104 b , 104 c of supports 105 . the supports 105 provide the reamer 100 with support during cutting , enabling the reamer 100 to expand , yet still maintain its strength and rigidity . as a user rotates the screw 102 , the threads 104 a cause the threaded portions 140 b , 104 c to also rotate . the threaded portions 104 b , 104 c are also threadably engaged with a thread 104 d , such that when the threaded portions 104 b , 104 c are rotated , the threaded portion 104 d also rotates . the threaded portion 104 d is coupled to a cone 106 , such that as the threaded portion 104 d rotates , the cone 106 moves in a downward direction 112 ( fig7 a ), causing the proximal reamer 100 to expand outwardly in the direction indicated by arrows 114 . this also causes the supports 105 to move outwardly in directions 110 as shown in fig7 a . as shown in fig7 and 7 a , the proximal reamer 100 is coupled to a pilot shaft 108 , such that as the cone 106 moves downwardly , the pilot shaft 108 may also expand in an outward direction as indicated by arrows 114 ( fig7 a ). turning now to fig8 , a method for utilizing the expandable reamers is shown . at step s 200 , the femur is resected . next , the user selects the distal reamer to be used at step s 202 . if an expandable distal reamer is to be used , then at step s 202 , the user then adjusts the diameter of the distal reamer as described above . at step s 204 , the distal reamer is inserted and the distal portion of the long bone is reamed ( step s 206 ). next , at step s 208 , the proximal reamer is selected . if the proximal reamer is an adjustable reamer , the user will adjust the proximal reamer to the appropriate diameter . if the proximal reamer is not adjustable , then the user must select a proximal reamer with an appropriate diameter from a set of reamers . next , at step s 210 , the pilot shaft is selected or adjusted as necessary . at steps 212 , the proximal reamer is attached to a pilot shaft . the proximal reamer and shaft are inserted into the proximal portion of the long bone and the reamed distal portion , respectively at step 214 . the proximal portion is then reamed at step s 216 . the rest of the reaming and implantation process is then completed in any of the ways customary and known in the prior art . it should be noted that although in this example , both the proximal reamer and the distal reamer were expandable , that in some embodiments , only one of the reamers may be expandable . also , while some embodiments refer to an adjustable pilot shaft , in other embodiments , the pilot shafts of the prior art may be attached to the proximal reamers . in some embodiments of the present invention , a kit for reaming the long bone is provided , including distal reamers , proximal reamers , and pilot shafts . the kit includes at least one reamer that is an expandable reamer . in some embodiments , both the distal reamer and the proximal reamers will be expandable . in other embodiments , only one of the types of reamer will be expandable . in some embodiments , the pilot shaft may also be expandable . according to some embodiments of the present invention , the expandable reamers may be able to expand to all sizes required for that type of reamer . in other embodiments , the expandable reamers may only expand through a range , and a plurality of reamers may still be required . for example , if the expandable reamer is a proximal reamer , a kit may include three expandable proximal reamers . each expandable proximal reamer in such a kit has a diameter that is variable within a range . although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail , it should be understood that various changes , substitutions , and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims .
a reamer for reaming a portion of a long bone cavity for use in implanting a joint prosthesis . the reamer is used in cooperation with a portion of an orthopaedic implant component and includes an expandable body that is adapted to adjust between a plurality of diameters . a plurality of cutting edges are also included and extend outwardly from the body , the edges adapted for cooperation with bone , and the cutting edges expanding as the expandable body expands .