fig1 illustrates a parenteral device 10 having a body 12 in the form of a substantially tubular barrel which provides a sealed chamber 14 between a plug 16 and a stopping means 18 . a sharpened tubular needle 20 is firmly fixed to the plug 16 and passes therethrough so as to provide fluid communication within the hollow interior of the needle 20 between the chamber 14 and the open end 22 of the needle 20 . the needle 20 passes through an opening 24 in the forward end 26 of the body 12 . a retracting means in the form of a drawstring 28 is secured to the rear surface 30 of the plug 16 . the drawstring 28 passes through the stopping means 18 in sealing engagement therewith and also passes through a second plug 32 secured in the rearward end 34 of the body 12 . the passage of the drawstring 28 through the second plug 32 is preferably a loose fit . the chamber 14 is capable of receiving and containing a parenteral fluid such that by pulling the drawstring 28 via finger loop 36 , the plug 16 is urged to the rear of the body 12 , thus retracting the needle 20 and reducing the volume of the chamber 14 to expel the parenteral fluid through the needle 20 and out the open end 22 thereof . the device 10 is shown in use in fig2 with the needle 20 having been inserted below the surface of the skin 38 of a person . with the parenteral device 10 in this position , with its forward end 26 closely adjacent the skin 38 , the drawstring 28 may be pulled in the direction of arrow a to reduce the volume of chamber 14 by urging the plug 16 towards the stopping means 18 to expel the parenteral fluid from the needle 20 . as this occurs , the needle 20 is being withdrawn within the body 12 of the device 10 . in this form , the device 10 is preferably configured such that all of the parenteral fluid is expelled from the chamber 14 by the time that the open end 22 of the needle 20 reaches point b which is about 5 mm below the surface of the skin 38 . fig3 illustrates the device 10 after all of the parenteral fluid has been expelled from the chamber 14 and after the needle 20 has been retracted completely within the body 12 . in this respect , the drawstring 28 has been pulled through the stopping means 18 to a point where the chamber 14 has been reduced in volume to be substantially zero and the plug 16 is in contact with the stopping means 18 . on the application of a further force to the drawstring 28 the slidable stopping means 18 is urged towards the rear 34 of the body 12 such that the entire length of the needle 20 is retracted within the body 12 . further , each of fig2 and 3 illustrate a region or rear portion 40 of increased diameter within which the stopping means 18 is able to be loosely received . of course , the second plug 32 is also received within that region 40 of increased diameter . there being no rigid , externally extending projection on the plug 16 , it is not possible for a user to realign the plug 16 and the needle 20 to reuse the syringe . further , if the plug and needle do happen to be able to be realigned , the lack of a seal between the stopping means 18 and the internal walls of the body 12 , together with the lack of a sealing engagement between the drawstring 28 and the second plug 32 , results in the user being unable to refill a syringe . further , it is possible to integrally include with the inner wall of the body 12 sharp internal projections which are able to damage the sealing surfaces of the stopping means 18 . alternatively , a spike or the like may be fitted to the second plug 32 to pierce the stopping means 18 , again to destroy the sealing capacity of the stopping means 18 . further still , the drawstring 28 may pass through the stopping means 18 eccentrically or at an angle such that when the stopping means 18 reaches the increased diameter portion of the body 12 it tilts so that its sealing surfaces are no longer properly aligned . in a further preferred form , the increased diameter portion may be of a size that is also capable of receiving the plug . this would further assist in rendering the parenteral device of the invention unusable after its initial use . further , the reduced diameter portion may be defined by a sharp reduction in diameter , so as to provide a well defined shoulder , or by a smoothly increasing portion in the form of a gradual taper increasing in diameter towards the rear of the body of the device , or by another suitable configuration as necessary . illustrated in fig4 is an example of a manner in which the parenteral device 10 of the present invention may be filled . in fig4 the needle 20 of the device 10 is covered at its sharp end by a protective tube 42 having lateral projections 44 located at or near its rearward end . the lateral projections 44 are preferably configured so as to allow the tube 42 to be easily placed within an open ampoule or vial so as to be able to insert the forward end of the tube within the parenteral fluid 46 within the vial . however , the lateral projections 44 are also configured so as to be capable of abutting the neck portions 48 of the ampoule or vial to grip the tube therewithin . thus , by the user gripping the body 12 of the device 10 and locating the lateral projections 44 against the neck portions 48 of the ampoule or vial , the plug 16 and the stopping means 18 may be urged to part , creating the chamber 14 ( not yet visible in fig4 ) and the reduction in pressure within that newly created chamber causes the fluid 46 to transfer through the tube 42 , through the needle 20 and into the chamber . the tight fit of the needle 20 within the tube 42 is preferably only such as to allow a gentle force to be applied thereto to allow the filling of the chamber . however , on application of a greater force , the needle 20 may be withdrawn from within the tube 42 to allow use of the needle . as indicated above , further adaptions may be made to the tube 42 to allow it , or a similar device , to be used to fill the device 10 of the present invention from any known type of supply of parenteral fluid . further , the tube or its equivalents may be provided with means for the user to grip the tube to remove the tube manually rather than rely on mechanical actions to remove the tube . in an alternative form , and referring to fig3 it may be preferred to adapt the device 10 of the present invention to include a spring , or a like resilient device , within the space 50 forward of the plug 16 . for example , a spring that is contracted to fill the chamber 14 with parenteral fluid and thus expands under its normal bias to reduce the volume of the chamber 14 , may be suitable . of course , a trigger mechanism would then be provided to hold the spring in its contracted position and to allow the release and subsequent expansion of the spring for injection . for example , a trigger mechanism may be located externally of the device and may connect with the spring through the forward wall of the body of the device . it will be appreciated that other types of externally located retracting means may be utilised in substitution for the drawstring shown in the drawings . it will also be appreciated that the resilient device referred to above may alternatively be located within a space 52 located rearward of the plug 16 ( see fig2 ). in this alternative form , the resilient device may be a spring configured so as to expand to fill the chamber 14 with parenteral fluid and then to contract under its normal bias to reduce the volume of the chamber and expel the fluid . in such an arrangement , the drawstring referred to above may be secured to one end of the spring such that contraction of the spring moves the one end of the spring rearwardly to pull the plug rearwardly . further , the spring is preferably configured so as to also displace the stopping means in the same manner as described above . an appropriate trigger mechanism may again be utilised to control the actions of this rearwardly located spring . finally , the parenteral device of this invention may be marked with external graduations , according to normal practice , to assist in ensuring the administration of correct doses of parenteral fluid . this normal practice results in graduations from zero to a suitable number being included from the forward end of the device to the rearward end . however , due to the manner in which the parenteral device of this invention functions , there is less risk of the user injecting an incorrect dose . in this respect , a traditional syringe capable of holding , for example , 5 ml of fluid would often be used to administer , for example 3 ml of fluid . in this instance , the user would fill the syringe to 5 ml but would then move the plunger to expel fluid from 5 ml back - to the marking of 2 ml on the graduations in order to expel 3 ml of fluid . it would thus be possible for the user to incorrectly believe that the plunger should only be moved back to the 3 ml marking on the graduations , and fall short of expelling the correct dose . in the parenteral device of the present invention , the plug would move from the zero graduation through to the 3 ml marking on the graduations to give a direct representation of the dose administered . it will be appreciated that there may be other modifications and variations that may be made to the configurations described herein that are also within the scope of the present invention .
a parenteral device comprising a body having a forward end and a rearward end . the forward end is capable of receiving a hollow retractable needle therein so as to project therefrom . the retractable needle is slidable relative to the body and the body also includes a chamber capable of receiving parenteral fluid and capable of being reduced in volume to expel fluid contained therein . the needle is capable of being manually retracted within the body such that the chamber reduces in volume to expel fluid contained therein and such that the needle is retracted to be wholly contained within the body .