reference is now made to fig1 a and 2b showing in detail the head 10 of the present invention for a golf club . as shown , the head 10 includes a body shell 12 , a face plate 14 held on the body shell for striking a golf ball and a reinforcing element 16 mounted within the body shell behind the face plate . the body shell 12 may be formed from any appropriate material but preferably is cast from metal utilizing an investment casting process so as to include an integral top wall 18 , sole 20 , side wall 22 and hosel 23 . only an opening 24 remains . more particularly , in a accordance with the investment casting process , a master pattern of the club head is made and a master die is produced from this pattern . in this instance , the master die actually comprises an outer two - piece die ( not shown ) and a cooperating inner , multi - piece tool die d ( see fig3 ) for forming the interior , or hollow section of the body shell 12 . further , a high temperature ceramic dowel w is positioned to form the inner wall of the integral hosel 23 . molten wax is injected into the cooperating dies to form a wax pattern p of the club head 10 . once the wax hardens , the outer die is separated and the associated inner multi - piece tool die d and dowel w are removed from the wax pattern p . specifically , it should be appreciated that the hollow inner cavity of the body shell 12 of the wax pattern p is larger than the striking face opening 24 through which the inner tool die elements extend . accordingly , the die members must be removed in a particular order . with reference to fig3 the central element d 1 , including the lug l is removed first by withdrawing from the remaining tool elements through the face plate opening 24 in the wax pattern p . next , the element d 2 is laterally shifted toward the center of the opening 24 and then withdrawn in the same manner . element d 3 is then manipulated in the same manner . this leaves the necessary clearance to laterally shift the elements d 4 , d 5 , d 6 and d 7 , one element at a time , towards the center of the opening 24 where they too may be withdrawn from the body shell 12 of the wax pattern p . the wax pattern p is then dipped into a thin slurry of finely ground refractory . this produces a thin but very smooth layer of investment material adjacent to the wax pattern p on both the inner and outer surfaces and insures a smooth surface and good detail in the final product . if desired , repeated dipping can be utilized to increase the thickness of the coating . next , the coated wax pattern p is positioned in a flask partially filled with investment material . additional investment material is then poured into the flask around and into the wax pattern . the container is vibrated to remove any entrapped air and settle the investment material around the wax pattern p . the investment material is then allowed to harden . subsequent to this , the wax pattern p is permitted to melt and run out of the mold . the mold is then preheated in preparation for pouring of the molten metal or other material from which the head 10 is to be formed . various methods beyond simple pouring may be utilized to insure complete filling of the mold . after hardening , the casting is removed from the mold by breaking loose the investment material . the reinforcing element 16 may be formed from any appropriate material having relatively high strength and relatively low mass . preferably , aluminum alloy or plastic such as nylon is utilized . as best shown in fig1 the reinforcing element 16 comprises a support plate 30 for backing the face plate 14 , an arched backing member 32 for engaging the body shell 12 and a series of spaced ribs 34 for connecting the arched backing member to the support plate . the reinforcing element 16 may be integrally formed as a unit or joined together from individual component parts . the reinforcing element 16 is inserted into the body shell 12 through the face plate opening 24 . more specifically , the opening 24 provides sufficient clearance to allow the reinforcing elements 16 to be inserted in position with the arched backing member 32 seating against the interior wall of the body shell 12 . the reinforcing element 16 is then secured in position by any means known in the art appropriate for that purpose . for example , when the reinforcing element 16 is seated and held in proper position in the body shell 12 , polyurethane foam 36 may be injected through an orifice ( not shown ) in the support plate 30 . as the foam 36 expands it fills the space between the support plate 30 and the arched backing member 32 around the ribs 34 so as to provide a tight friction fit . of course , other methods of anchoring may be utilized including but not limited to fasteners extending through the wall of the body shell 12 into engagement with the reinforcing element 16 and / or a mechanical wedge between the body shell and reinforcing element to bind them together . once the reinforcing element 16 is secured in position in the body shell 12 , the face plate 14 is anchored in position across the opening 24 . since adhesive , epoxy and welded joints are relatively weak when compared to the surrounding material and therefore prone to stress concentration and failure , a completely mechanical mounting is utilized . more particularly , as best shown in detail in fig4 the body shell 12 includes an integrally cast z - shaped channel 38 ( with a shoulder angle a between 70 °- 89 °) and an associated bendable mounting flange 40 . both of these structures are provided about the peripheral margin of the body shell opening 24 . the face plate 14 also includes a cooperating z - shaped lug 42 about the entire perimeter of the face plate . when mounting the face plate 14 to the body shell 12 , the face plate is heated , causing an expansion so that the z - shaped lug 42 is of sufficient dimension to be inserted into and received in the z - shaped channel 38 of the body shell 12 . as the face plate 14 subsequently cools , it contracts to provide a tight frictional fit . for further security , the mounting flange 40 is then bent over to close the z - shaped channel 38 and capture the mounting lug 42 in position . in accordance with an important aspect of the present invention , it should be appreciated that the face plate 14 is constructed to withstand the stress of impact with a golf ball while providing for some limited deflection from the static position shown in fig2 a to the striking position shown in fig2 b . to achieve this end , the face plate 14 may be constructed from materials selected from a group consisting of metals , non - metals and composites . such materials include but are not limited to various stainless steels , titanium alloys , various composite materials incorporating boron , various types of natural wood and various graphite materials as well as those incorporating a woven fiber mesh such as kevlar . in order to provide the necessary strength to withstand the impact of the golf ball while also providing the desired amount of deflection , the material utilized preferably has a tensile strength of between 40 . 0 - 250 . 0 ksi and a thickness of between 0 . 01 - 0 . 30 inches . the face plate also preferably has a minimum yield strength of 40 . 0 ksi and a modulus of elasticity of between 10 × 10 3 20 × 10 3 ksi . as further shown with reference to fig2 a , the face plate 14 and reinforcing element 16 are mounted to the body shell 12 so as to maintain a gap g between the rear wall of the face plate and the front wall of the support plate 30 when the face plate is in the static position . preferably , this gap g is between 0 . 001 and 0 . 30 inches in thickness . it may be filled with air as shown in fig2 a . alternatively , other resilient material may be provided in the gap g to provide a spring - like cushioning effect at the instant of impact with a golf ball . more specifically , at the point of the swing when the face plate 14 strikes the golf ball , the face plate 14 is deflected rearwardly through the gap g . this cushions the blow at the instance of impact thereby improving the feel of the club and increasing the confidence of the golfer . further , the gap g also effectively functions to decouple a portion of the mass of the golf club in direct contact with the golf ball at the instant of impact . as a result , less slice or hook spin is imparted to the golf ball when the ball is struck off - center relative to the center - of - gravity of the club head 10 . as a result , the tendency to slice or hook is reduced thereby allowing the golfer to play more shots to a desired position in the fairway or the green . as the face plate 14 fully deflects to the ball striking position shown in fig2 b , it should be appreciated that the face plate physically engages the support plate 30 . accordingly , the deflection of the face plate is suddenly stopped and a full transfer of energy is made for the first time from the club head to the golf ball . this results in a snap action that provides better power and longer hitting distances . further , the stress from the impact is communicated rearwardly from the support plate 30 along the ribs 34 to the arched backing member 32 . from there it is semi - radially directed about the body shell 12 . this semi - radial and substantially equal distribution of stress functions with the cushioning effect of the gap g to provide a significantly enhanced feel for the user of a golf club incorporating the head 10 of the present design . as a result of these real and perceived performance enhancements , the golfer &# 39 ; s level of play is significantly enhanced . as best shown in fig5 the head 10 of the golf club includes a hosel 23 that is adapted for connection to the distal end of an elongated shaft 44 . the shaft 44 is constructed of a material with an appropriate flexibility including , but not limited to titanium , graphite / boron and stainless steel . a grip 46 is mounted to the distal end of the shaft 44 . the grip is of a type of construction known in the art and may be formed , for example , from leather or rubber . the rubber may include fiber cord or other material to improve the grip of the hands and prevent slipping . in summary , numerous benefits result from employing the concepts of the present invention . the club head 10 provides increased power and accuracy for longer and straighter shot making . further , through the ( 1 ) synergistic effect of a purely mechanical connection between the face plate 14 and body shell 12 , ( 2 ) cushioning during deflection of the face plate through the gap g at impact and ( 3 ) the further transmission of impact stresses through the support plate 30 , ribs 34 and arched backing member 32 , the golfer is provided with the necessary feedback to control the flight of the ball and feel confident in his or her shot selection . the foregoing description of a preferred embodiment of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description . it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed . obvious modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings . for example , while a golf club head of the &# 34 ; wood &# 34 ; type is described in detail in this specification , the concepts are not limited to specific application thereto and may , in fact , be equally applied to a golf club of the iron type . the embodiment was chosen and described to provide the best illustration of the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated . all such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with breadth to which they are fairly , legally and equitably entitled .
a head for a golf club includes a body shell , a face plate held on the body shell for striking the golf ball and an internal element mounted in the body shell for reinforcing the face plate . more specifically , the face plate is deflectable from a static position to a striking position as a result of stress produced when striking the golf ball . further , a mechanism is provided for maintaining a gap between the reinforcing element and the face plate when the face plate is in a static position so as to provide a cushioning effect immediately upon striking the golf ball . . iadd . the club head having a face plate mounting assembly in the form of a channel on the body shell , a cooperating lug on the face plate for receipt in the channel and a mounting flange on the body shell for capturing the lug within the channel .. iaddend .