an optical observation device 100 will serve for observing an eye 22 and will be used in ophthalmic surgery . it is suitable for the alternating observation of the anterior eye segment and the retina . optical observation device 100 has two basic components , a microscope means 1 and a visualizing means 2 . microscope means 1 advantageously involves an operating microscope , which is known in and of itself , for observing the anterior segment of eye 22 . a visual operating microscope 1 is shown in this example of embodiment . optionally , it may also be designed as a digital operating microscope . in comparison to operating microscope 1 , visualizing means 2 represents an attachment module , which can be introduced into the beam path of operating microscope 1 . operating microscope 1 is disposed on a retaining device 14 by means of a positioning device 11 . retaining device 14 may involve a suspension system , by means of which the operating microscope is attached to a ceiling 15 of a room . alternatively , retaining device 14 may also involve a floor stand or a component of a floor stand . positioning device 11 for operating microscope 1 is advantageously designed in such a way that it permits a maximum of 6 degrees of freedom x , y , z , r , theta , phi . operating microscope 1 has a principal objective 3 through which pass two stereoscopic observation beam paths . provided in each observation beam path is a magnification means 4 , for example , in the form of a zoom system or a galileo changing system , a beam splitter for coupling a beam path of a data reflection , as well as a tube optics 8 . in addition , operating microscope 1 provides two eyepieces 9 . visualizing means 2 is attached to operating microscope 1 by means of a retaining device 13 . retaining device 13 advantageously involves a suspension system for visualizing means 2 on operating microscope 1 . in the following , optical observation device 100 comprises the visual stereoscopic operating microscope 1 for the anterior eye segment and a digital stereoscopic visualizing system 2 for the retina — for example , a digital retina microscope , whereby the digital visualizing system 2 can be swung in and out alternately into the observation beam path of operating microscope 1 by means of a suitable holding means 10 , 12 , 13 , so that stereoscopic images can be produced alternately of the anterior and posterior eye segments . for this purpose , visualizing means 2 is attached to the operating microscope by means of retaining device 13 , advantageously via a rotating joint or hinge 10 , whereby rotating joint or hinge 10 is designed for swinging visualizing means 2 in and out of the beam path of operating microscope 1 . visualizing means 2 is disposed on retaining device 13 via a positioning device 12 . positioning device 12 for visualizing means 2 is advantageously designed in such a way that it permits a maximum of 6 degrees of freedom x , y , z , r , theta , phi . visualizing means 2 will be designed for the generation of stereoscopic images of the retina of eye 22 . for this purpose , visualizing means 2 first provides at least one digital camera 21 for recording digital images of the retina of eye 22 . for example , it may be provided that a shutter is provided in the beam path in front of camera 21 , which produces two parts of the beam path that alternate sequentially , one after the other , over time , so that a stereo image is produced . in another configuration , which is shown in the figure , visualizing means 2 is designed as a type of small intrinsic or unique microscope . visualizing means 2 provides a first optical element 17 , which produces an intermediate image of the retina , and a second optical element 18 , which corresponds to a principal objective of an operating microscope . first optical element 17 in this case is advantageously designed in such a way that it produces an intermediate image of the retina between optical elements 17 and 18 . in addition , a magnification means 19 , e . g ., a zoom system , and a tube optics 20 can be provided in each of the beam paths of visualizing means 2 . in addition , visualizing means 2 has an illumination device 23 . finally , optical observation device 100 also provides a control device 16 , which particularly involves a type of monitoring or control means . control device 16 particularly serves for exchanging data between visualizing means 2 and operating microscope 1 , which is characterized by data connections 24 and 25 . in particular , data in the form of image data / video data and data for adjusting the working modes of “ anterior eye ” and “ retina ” are exchanged between visualizing means 2 and operating microscope 1 by means of control device 16 . image data of the retina , which are recorded by camera 21 , are transmitted via data connection 24 to control device 16 and from there via data connection 25 to a display 7 of data reflection in operating microscope 1 . in addition , operating microscope 1 provides an optical element 6 , which couples display 7 of the data reflection to the imaging beam path of operating microscope 1 , whereby this is produced by means of beam splitter 5 for coupling the beam path of the data reflection . optical observation device 100 , which is shown in the figure , makes possible the alternate stereoscopic imaging of the anterior eye and the retina . the basic concept involves the use of a conventional operating microscope 1 for the anterior eye segment . a visualizing means 2 , for example , a so - called retina digiscope , is used instead of the ophthalmoscopic loupe / reducing lens combination . the stereoscopic images of the retina that are produced with the visualizing means 2 can be reflected with the help of the data reflection into eyepiece 9 of operating microscope 1 . the entire visualizing system can thus be used in the two working modes , “ anterior eye ” and “ retina ”. the images recorded with camera 21 of visualizing means 2 are displayed on a suitable stereoscopic display 7 in operating microscope 1 . if operating microscope 1 is a visual system , the stereoscopic image data of visualizing means 2 can be reflected by means of data reflection into eyepiece 9 of operating microscope 1 . visualizing means 2 is shown in the figure with a first optics 17 for the generation of an intermediate image of the retina . this optics group 17 may also be removed . in this case , a direct contact glass and the rest of the optical elements 18 , 19 , 20 of visualizing means 2 are used . the positioning of visualizing means 2 at a short distance from the eye advantageously leads to a compact optics for the observation beam path . for this reason , it is possible to guide the illumination 23 of the retina between the two observation beam paths and thus to avoid reflections . the variable magnification , which can be provided with optical element 19 , can be used for the purpose of varying the object field on the retina . the use of different ophthalmoscopic loupes or contact glasses can thus be dispensed with . optical element 18 can be designed either as an element with fixed focal length or as a varioscope and can be used for focusing . visualizing means 2 can be automatically aligned in the lateral direction by evaluating the camera signals — for example , centering on the pupil of eye 22 — and by controlling positioning device 12 . the imaging optics of visualizing means 2 can be automatically focused onto the fundus either by moving the entire visualizing means 2 by means of positioning device 12 or by focusing with the help of optical elements 17 and 18 . a tracking of eye 22 in the three axes x , y and z and a corresponding followup can be conducted with the help of positioning device 12 and / or by focusing with the help of optical elements 17 and 18 . visualizing means 2 can be swung in and out , so that the position and thus the focus of operating microscope 1 remains in place on anterior eye 22 . thus both systems — operating microscope 1 and visualizing means 2 — always remain focused on the respective objects , the anterior and posterior regions of the eye , when these systems are swung in and out . control device 16 transmits the video data between visualizing means 2 and operating microscope 1 . it also controls the settings for the two working modes of “ anterior eye ” and “ retina ”, that is , an activation of the autofocus for systems 1 and 2 , a positioning of systems 1 and 2 , or the switching on and off of the illumination for systems 1 and 2 as needed or not needed . in the “ retina ” working mode , operating microscope 1 can assume the function of a surrounding field observation : thus , for example , what is found in the surrounding region of eye 22 can be monitored and displayed , for example , the orientation of instruments . 5 beam splitter for coupling the beam path of the data reflection 6 optical element , which couples the display of the data reflection to the observation beam path of the microscope means . 10 rotating joint or hinge for swinging the visualizing means in and out of the observation beam path of the microscope means 13 retaining device for attaching the visualizing means to the microscope means 17 optical element of the visualizing means , which produces an intermediate image of the retina 18 optical element , which corresponds to a principal objective of a microscope
an optical observation device for observing an eye is described , having a microscope means , in particular a stereoscopic means , for observation of the anterior segment of eye , and having a means for visualizing the retina of eye , particularly a stereoscopic means , with at least one camera , in particular , a digital camera . in order to provide an optical observation device , with which the anterior eye and the retina can be observed alternately , in particular stereoscopically , in a constructively simple way , it is provided according to the invention that visualizing means is designed as an attachment module in front of microscope means and that visualizing means is disposed on a positioning device and can be positioned in front of eye , in particular , at a short distance in front of eye , via positioning device .