the personally portable vacuum desiccator is a device useful as a source for providing a low vacuum pressure for removing excess wound exudate from dressed dermal wounds . this application of present personally portable vacuum desiccator is useful for promoting wound healing by draining such excess wound exudate from the wound site . referring now to the drawings , the details of preferred embodiments of the present invention are graphically and schematically illustrated . like elements in the drawings are represented by like numbers , and any similar elements are represented by like numbers with a different lower case letter suffix . as shown in fig1 the present invention is a personally portable vacuum desiccator 10 comprises a trap 12 , a vacuum pump member operable to provide a source of low vacuum pressure , an electric motive or drive means 36 for operating the vacuum pump member , and an electrical control circuit , including an electrical power source . the control circuit is electrically connected to the electric motive means to control its operation , i . e ., to turn it on and off . the trap 12 includes a desiccator cartridge 14 the desiccator cartridge 14 has an interior chamber 16 containing a trapping agent 54 ( see fig2 ). additionally , the desiccator cartridge 14 has an inlet port 18 and an outlet port 20 in gas / liquid communication with the interior chamber 16 of the cartridge 14 . a vacuum pump head or member 22 serves as a source for a low pressure vacuum of about 250 mm hg or less . the vacuum pump member 22 is placed after desiccant chamber 14 in the gas / liquid flow pathway to facilitate preventing fluid from entering the vacuum pump member . the vacuum pump head 22 has a low pressure port 24 and an exhaust port 26 . the low pressure port 22 is in gas / liquid flow communication with the outlet port 20 of the desiccator cartridge 14 . the exhaust port 26 of the vacuum pump head 22 is vented to atmosphere . when operated , the vacuum pump member 22 provides a low vacuum pressure to the interior chamber 16 of the desiccator cartridge . as further shown in fig1 ., an electric motive means 36 is in communication with the vacuum pump member 22 via a coupling 38 . the electric motive means 36 is a low voltage electric motor , which is operable to drive the vacuum pump member 22 , thus providing a low vacuum pressure at the pump member &# 39 ; s low pressure port 24 . the electrical control circuit 40 , including an electrical power source 46 , is in electrical communication with the electric motive means 36 via an electric motor lead 42 . the control circuit 40 controls the operation of the electric motive means . optionally , a delivery tube 32 is included with the desiccator device 10 to put the trap 14 in gas / liquid flow communication with a location to which a low negative vacuum pressure is to be applied , such as a wound site covered by an occlusive dressing ( not shown ). the delivery tube 32 consists of a single passage gas / liquid flow path , having an input end 33 and an output end 24 , the output end 34 being connected to the inlet port 18 of the desiccator cartridge 14 . the components of the personally portable vacuum desiccator 10 can further comprise a housing 50 for containing or mounting the component parts of the vacuum desiccator 10 . as exemplified in fig1 the housing 50 contains the electric motive means 26 and the electrical control circuit 40 . alternatively , the housing 50 can contain the electric motive means 36 , the electrical control circuit 40 and additionally , the desiccator cartridge 14 and / or the vacuum pump member 22 . the trap 12 comprises a desiccator cartridge 14 . as shown in fig2 a and 2b , the desiccator cartridge 14 encloses an interior space or chamber 16 . the desiccator cartridge 14 is of a design and material construction to withstand the application of an appropriate vacuum without substantial collapse of the interior chamber 16 . some distortion of the cartridge while under vacuum is desirable in some applications , e . g ., where buffering of the vacuum pressure of the system is beneficial or distortion of the chamber 16 is used as an index of the vacuum pressure within the interior chamber 16 . a trapping agent 54 is contained within the interior chamber 16 to retain ( trap ) fluids and moisture that enter the chamber 16 . there are a variety of compositions available in the art that are appropriate trapping agents for practice in the present invention . a specific composition or combination of compositions useful as the trapping agent 54 is readily selectable by one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teaching herein and in consideration of the characteristics of the fluid to be trapped . examples of classes of such compositions suitable as trapping agents 54 include desiccants , adsorbents , absorbents and the combination of any of these . specific examples include silica gel , sodium polyacrylate , potassium polyacrylamide and related compounds . such moisture trapping materials are often found in disposable baby diapers and in feminine napkins . these compositions may be particulate trapping agents 54 a or fibrous trapping agents 54 b . in a preferred embodiment , the trapping agent 54 was a pillow - like structure ( see fig8 ), which included a fiber matrix material which served to contain and somewhat immobilize the other loose components of the trapping agent , and to act as a wick to distribute the fluid as it entered the interior chamber . the level of moisture in the interior chamber 16 proximate the outlet port 20 is monitored by a moisture sensor 84 ( see fig1 ). when the amount of moisture retained by the trapping agent 54 approaches saturation ( as detected by the moisture sensor 84 or indicated by other means ), the desiccator cartridge 14 may either be removed and disposed of or recharged with fresh desiccant material and repositioned in the device ( depending on the design of the desiccator cartridge ). other means for detecting the degree of saturation of the trapping agent 54 are available . for example , the desiccant cartridge 14 may be constructed in part from a transparent material , allowing the trapping agent 54 to be directly observed . the degree of saturation of the trapping agent 54 maybe indicated by a color change in a component of the trapping agent 54 in response , for example , to a ph change or degree of hydration . in a preferred embodiment of the vacuum desiccator 10 , all of the components in gas / liquid flow communication are replaceable . this allows the components of the device that are exposed to contact with the wound fluids to be separable from the other components of the device to facilitate cleaning or disposal of contaminated components . in particular , the desiccator cartridge 14 is removable from the device 10 and separately disposable . a fresh desiccator cartridge 14 is installed in the desiccator 10 to replace the removed cartridge . alternatively , the cartridge 14 can be constructed to make its interior chamber 16 accessible , e . g ., through a lid or by disassembly , whereby the used trapping agent 54 can be replaced with fresh . the refreshed desiccator cartridge may then be reattached to vacuum desiccator 10 . this feature may be useful where the desiccator cartridge and vacuum pump head are combined as a single integrated unit ( see fig4 ). the desiccator cartridge 14 has a single , gas / liquid flow pathway , which is the inlet port 18 , as the only inlet path into the trap 12 . the flow path at the inlet port 18 is unidirectional , in that gas / liquid flow can enter the trap via the inlet port 18 , but not exit or back flow out of the trap 14 via the inlet port 18 . unidirectional flow at the inlet port is accomplished by a one - way valve 30 located proximate the inlet port 18 of the desiccator cartridge 14 ( see fig5 a ). the one - way valve 30 prevents the contents of the desiccator cartridge 14 from back - flowing out of the inlet port 18 . the one - way valve 30 maybe separable from the desiccator cartridge 14 , as shown in fig5 a , or it may be incorporated into the cartridge 14 proximate the inlet port 18 ( not shown ). one - way gas / liquid flow valves practicable in the present invention are known in the art and selectable by the ordinary skilled artisan for use in the present invention . examples of such one - way valves include biased and / or unbiased piston - type 30 a and ball - stop 30 b valves as exemplified in fig5 b and 5c . a micro - filter 28 useful for blocking bacteria and / or untrapped moisture from passing into the vacuum pump member or from being vented to atmosphere is located in the gas / liquid flow path of the device 10 after the interior chamber 16 of the desiccator cartridge . the micro - filter 28 may be located proximate the outlet port 20 to protect the pump member 22 and / or proximate the exhaust port 26 to prevent venting bacteria ( or moisture ) to atmosphere . the micro - filter may be an in - line micro - filter 28 a separate from the desiccator cartridge as shown in fig2 b , or an integral micro - filter 28 b incorporated into the cartridge 14 proximate the outlet port 20 as shown in fig3 . as shown in fig1 an electric motive means 36 is coupled to the vacuum pump member 22 of the vacuum desiccator 10 . in the preferred embodiment , the motive means 36 is an electric motor . electric motors practicable in the present invention are known to and selectable by one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings and figures contained herein . for example , a miniature , oil - less diaphragm pump is commercially available from the gast manufacturing , inc . ( michigan ): series 3d 1060 , model 101 - 1028 . the electric motor 36 communicates with the vacuum pump member 22 via a drive coupling 38 to drive the pump . the drive coupling 38 for connecting the motor 36 to the pump head 22 may be accomplished by any of a number of means known to and practicable by the ordinary skilled artisan . for example , a motor shaft coupling 38 maybe integrated with the vacuum pump head , i . e ., the motor 36 and pump member 22 are substantially a single unit . alternatively , a motor shaft coupling 38 may be mechanically coupled to the vacuum pump head 22 so as to be readily separable from the pump head 22 . for instance , as exemplified in fig4 the hub 100 of a rotary - vane pump head 22 a has a motor shaft receiver 102 for accepting the end or spindle of a shaft coupling 38 of a motor 36 . the shaft receiver 102 has a threaded , keyed or similar interfacing configuration ( not shown ) complementary to the spindle or end of the shaft coupling 38 of the motor 36 . as a further alternative , the motor 36 maybe magnetically coupled ( not shown ) to the pump head 22 so as to again be readily separable from the vacuum pump member 22 . a readily separable motive means 36 is particularly useful where the vacuum pump member 22 and the desiccator cartridge 14 are integrated together as a unit , as shown in fig4 . as shown in fig6 the present vacuum desiccator device 10 includes an electrical control circuit 40 that comprises logic and switching circuits and a number of ancillary circuits and functions , external sensors , electrical connections and a power source . in the preferred embodiment , the purpose of the electrical control circuit 40 is to monitor the condition of the device 10 and to control operation of the motive means 36 . the ancillary circuits can be chosen for inclusion in an embodiment of the device 10 to affect one or more of the following functions : device data input / output , electrical power , sensor signal processing and motor control ( power to the motor ). an i / o unit 70 for accomplishing device data input and out put can include data input means such as a power and data entry switches ( e . g ., a key pad and / or on - off switch ), and a readout display and alarms . such i / o units 70 are well known in the art , and are readily practicable in the present invention by the ordinary skilled artisan . other ancillary circuits and other sensors 88 may be provided at the user &# 39 ; s option , and are similarly accomplishable by the ordinary skilled artisan . in the preferred embodiment exemplified in fig1 the power source 46 for storing and providing electrical energy for the device 10 is a battery 60 . in the preferred embodiment , the power source 46 is removable from the electrical control circuit 40 and is easily replaceable . the polaroid ® p100 polapulse ™ battery is an example of an appropriate battery 60 useful as a power source 46 in the present vacuum desiccator device 10 in a preferred embodiment because of its planar configuration and low profile . see fig7 a and 7b . it is intended that the electrical control circuit have sensory capabilities to detect certain physical conditions of the device 10 , and to utilize the conditions to control operation of the motor 36 , and other appropriate functions of the control circuit 40 . these ancillary sensory circuits include : a moisture sensor 84 and circuit , for detecting the presence of moisture proximate the outlet port 20 of the desiccant cartridge 14 ; at least one vacuum pressure sensor 76 and circuit , for detecting a vacuum pressure in the interior chamber or elsewhere in the device ; and a pressure differential sensor circuit , for sensing a difference in pressure between two sections of the gas / liquid flow pathway of the device 10 , e . g ., between the inlet and outlet ports 18 & amp ; 20 of the desiccator cartridge 14 . the sensors are interconnected to the control circuit 40 via electrical leads 44 . sensors appropriate for accomplishing the various sensory functions of an electrical control circuit are known in the art and are readily adaptable for practice in the present invention by the ordinary skilled artisan . for example , a vacuum pressure sensor 76 ( mpl model 500 , diaphragm - type pressure differential sensor ) suitable for practice in the present device is commercially available from micro pneumatic logic , inc . ( florida ) from a line of pressure sensors . other types of sensors are adaptable for use in the present invention for detecting or sensing pressure , such as surface strain gauges mounted on the surface of the desiccator cartridge 14 , and optical displacement gauges mounted to transmit light through the surfaces of desiccator cartridge 14 . for example , an optical fiber strain gauge 77 is commercially available from fiso technologies ( quebec , model fos “ c ” or “ n ”) from a line of optical strain gauges . this sensor can be used to monitor and indicate the presence of a vacuum in the desiccator cartridge by displacement ( bending ) of the cartridge surface under the force of a vacuum in the interior chamber 16 . optical displacement / strain gauges 78 are also commercially , including for the detection of fluid intrusion into a section of tubing . these gauges typically comprise a combination light source / detector 78 a and a mirror 78 b . distortion of the surface of the desiccator cartridge 14 on which the mirror 78 b is mounted alters the reflection path of the emitted light as it passes through the cartridge to return to the detector , which alteration is detectable . of course , this requires the walls of the cartridge 14 proximate the optical displacement gauge 78 to be transparent to the light . the use of more than one pressure sensor 76 can allow sensing and / or measurement of the pressure differential between two different points in the gas / liquid flow pathway , such as between the inlet and outlet ports 18 & amp ; 20 of the desiccator cartridge 14 . the vacuum pressure sensor 76 is used to monitor the vacuum pressure in the interior chamber 16 of the desiccator cartridge 14 . when the vacuum pressure detected in the chamber 16 by the pressure sensor 76 is sufficient , the electric control circuit 40 may switch off the motor 36 , thereby conserving electrical power . when the vacuum pressure detected in the chamber 16 by the pressure sensor 76 is no longer sufficient the control circuit 40 may switch on the motor 36 to reestablish an appropriate vacuum pressure in the interior chamber 16 of the desiccator cartridge 14 . also , the electrical control circuit 40 can include a clock / timer circuit for intermittently operating the electric motive means 36 , as another way of conserving electrical power . the i / o unit 70 can be utilized to set the time interval for the control circuit &# 39 ; s intermittent operation of the motor 36 . in an alternative preferred embodiment of the vacuum desiccator 10 , the battery 60 of the power source 46 is integral with the desiccator cartridge 14 a . as exemplified in fig8 the battery 60 is contained in a battery compartment 110 , which is integral to the structure of the desiccator cartridge 14 a . battery leads 112 connect the battery 60 to electrical battery contacts 114 on the exterior surface 120 of the desiccator cartridge 14 a . in this embodiment , the desiccator cartridge 14 a and battery 60 are replaceable as a unit . [ 0047 ] fig8 also illustrates another preferred feature of a desiccator cartridge 14 , in which a gas flow channel is disposed inside the interior chamber 16 of the cartridge 14 a . in the embodiment illustrated , the flow channel 120 is a tube connected to the outlet port 20 and having a length sufficient to allow it to be coiled or snaked about the interior chamber 16 ( also see fig9 b ). the flow channel tube 120 has perforations 122 along its length , or is otherwise constructed , to allow gas flow from the interior chamber 16 into the lumen of the flow channel tube 120 under the force of the vacuum pressure from the pump member 22 . further shown in fig8 is trapping agent 54 c having a pillow - like structure . the flow channel tube 120 is laid out on one side of the pillow trapping agent 54 c . in the preferred embodiment , the pillow trapping agent 54 c was constructed using 10 grams of sodium polyacrylate distributed between two layers of an elastic mesh material ( nylon stocking ). in addition to elastic mesh material , other fabrics are suitable for practice with the moisture trapping pillow 54 c , including knitted fabric mesh materials like gauze and similar fabrics . to maintain even distribution of the sodium polyacrylate , the two layers of elastic mesh material were sewn together to form compartments . the volume of the interior chamber 16 of the desiccator cartridge 14 was sufficient to hold the pillow and about 50 cc of trapped moisture . a flow channel may be accomplished by means other than a tube . for example , a flow channel may be integrated into the desiccator cartridge 14 and be in gas flow communication with the interior chamber 16 . this embodiment of a desiccator cartridge 14 can be accomplished as shown in fig9 a and 9b , wherein the cartridge 14 b has a cover member 124 and a body member 126 ( fig9 a ). the cartridge cover member 124 has a gas flow channel 120 a integrated into it . the integral flow channel 120 a has perforations 122 a along its length , or is otherwise constructed , to allow gas flow from the interior chamber into the lumen of the integral channel 120 a under the force of the vacuum pressure from the pump member 22 . while the above description contains many specifics , these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention , but rather as exemplifications of one or another preferred embodiment thereof . many other variations are possible , which would be obvious to one skilled in the art . accordingly , the scope of the invention should be determined by the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents , and not just by the embodiments .
the vacuum desiccator low pressure vacuum pump and trap and is transportable upon a user &# 39 ; s person . the device is especially useful to remove excess fluids from wounds and incisions as they heal . the device includes a desiccator cartridge containing a fluid trapping agent . the desiccator cartridge is connected to a vacuum pump member providing a low vacuum pressure to the interior chamber of the desiccator cartridge . a small battery powered , electric motor drives the pump member . an electrical control circuit , including the battery power source , controls the operation of the electric motor . a single passage , one - way , gas / liquid flow pathway connects the inlet port of the desiccator cartridge to an occlusive dressing covering the wound to be drained . the control circuit includes one or more ancillary circuits for controlling operation of the device , such as : a power circuit , a moisture sensor , a timer circuit , a vacuum pressure sensor , and a pressure differential sensor .