the present invention relates to a system of devices that can be installed using endoscopic surgery . in particular , an artificial sphincter can be installed into any natural sphincter , and an intragastric suspended balloon can be installed in the stomach . fig1 shows the anatomy of the human stomach . the esophagus feeds through a natural sphincter into the cardal orifice of the stomach . at the lower end of the stomach contents leave the stomach for the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter . fig2 a shows installation of the ring - shaped artificial sphincter 3 of the present invention at the bottom of the esophagus 2 in a tunnel made by the surgeon . the wall of the stomach 1 is shown for reference . fig2 b shows a close - up of the installation . it can be seen that sits in the tunneled - out natural sphincter and will function by opening and closing directly as pressure from food descending the esophagus . without pressure , the device will be continuously closed and prevent gastroesphagal reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus . fig3 shows the artificial sphincter 3 laid out flat before installation . a coiled spring 6 runs the length of the device through a tube 5 . a string 4 also can attached to each end of the spring 6 and the tube 5 and can be pre - threaded through into device ( or the surgeon can thread the device after implantation ). the device is covered with silicon tubing 5 or other long term tissue - friendly polymer . the tubing 5 should be fairly tight - fitting and match the diameter of the spring 6 . the spring 6 can be made of non - magnetic stainless steel or other medical grade metal or plastic that will expand from adequate pressure from above or from below . this allows food to enter the stomach from the esophagus during normal eating and for food to exit the stomach during vomiting . the spring 6 is placed in the plastic tubing 5 . after the artificial sphincter is placed into the tunnel made by the surgeon , non - absorbable thread 4 should be tied form a tight ring . embodiments of the invention can also be supplied with the thread pre - installed . the implantation procedure can be performed by a general surgeon using transabdominal gastroscopy with the assistance of conventional gastroscopy if needed . the surgeon first performs tunneling through the non - functional natural sphincter and then pulls the artificial sphincter into the tunnel . the device can be threaded ( or supplied with threads ), pulled into a ring , and tied off . fig4 shows the device of fig3 in a ring configuration . fig5 shows an intragastric suspended balloon for obesity treatment . it is known in the art to place intragastric balloons in the stomach . they have a problem however . since they typically float freely , they can sometimes produce symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction . the balloon of the present system is shaped and fixed in place in a particular way . the balloon should occupy about ⅔ of the stomach space more or less , and be constructed in the shape of the stomach with the proximal end 20 round and bigger than the distal end gradually tapering down with the distal end 23 into the atrium . the final size of the installed balloon can be controlled by the amount of fluid - normal saline the surgeon injects to inflate the balloon . the proximal end should have a minimum of four non reabsorbed sutures 22 placed around the larger diameter of the proximal end 20 . this suture should be attached to the cardia distally from the gasto - esophageal junction with a free length of 1 . 5 to 2 . 0 inches . these ties keep the balloon in an adequate position and will not produce gastric obstructive symptoms . with this embodiment of the invention , the patient feels full much sooner than otherwise . installation of the balloon should be performed by a general surgeon with transabdominal gastroscopy with the assistance of conventional gastroscopy if necessary . the balloon has an inflation port 21 that can be inflated through the esophagus or through transabdominal gastroscopy after suturing . the balloon is typically inflated with saline liquid . any inflating technique that causes the balloon to maintain its shape is within the scope of the present invention . evectional removal can be performed by deflating the balloon , cutting the sutures and pulling the balloon out via the esophagus . several descriptions and illustrations have been presented to aid in understanding the present invention . one with skill in the art will realize that numerous changes , variations and additions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention . each of these changes and variations is within the scope of the present invention .
a system of medical devices implantable in the human body using transabdominal gastroscopy surgery to repair failing sphincters and to prevent obesity . an intragastric suspended balloon can be sutured into the stomach to cut appetite . the balloon can be roughly the shape of a pepper and take up room in the stomach without closing it off .