in the following description of the individual exemplary embodiments , structural parts of different embodiments which correspond with respect to both structure and function are identified by identical reference numerals , however structural parts having corresponding functions but differing in structure have identical reference numerals differentiated by a prime (&# 39 ;) or by several primes (&# 34 ;, &# 34 ;&# 39 ;). in the first exemplary embodiment ( fig1 and 2 ), a ski binding part , here a front jaw , is identified as a whole by reference numeral 1 . a bolt 3 is positioned perpendicularly with respect to a base plate 2 and is rotatably supported in the base plate 2 , which base plate also supports the entire ski binding part 1 and is used to fasten it on a not - illustrated ski . the lower end of the bolt 3 extends downwardly through the base plate 2 and is riveted there , as at 4 . the other end of the bolt 3 extends upwardly through a housing 7 of the ski binding part 1 , constructed as a cover , and has a head 5 with a slot 5a . the lower part 3a of the bolt 3 adjacent the rivet 4 and the upper part 3b adjacent the head 5 have no threads . the central part 3d of the bolt 3 is constructed with a square cross section , on which is mounted one half 8a of a slip coupling 8 . the coupling half 8a has a square opening 8d therethrough for engagement with the square section 3d , such that clutch half 8a is rotationally fixed with respect to the bolt 3 , but is axially slidable along the square section 3d of bolt 3 . the other coupling half 8b has an opening 8c sufficiently large to permit rotation about the square section 3d and with respect to coupling half 8a . the half 8b of the slip coupling 8 is also fixedly connected to one end of a sleeve 6 , which is arranged substantially coaxially with respect to the bolt 3 and which is freely rotatable about the bolt 3 . the other end of the sleeve 6 is butted against the inside surface of the housing 7 . the sleeve 6 has a thread 6a which engages a threaded portion 11a of a sole holder 11 . both halves 8a and 8b of the slip clutch 8 have saw teeth 9a and 9b respectively , which , when the thread 6a of the sleeve 6 is right - handed , are constructed to be self - locking during relative clockwise rotation as viewed from the top , but freely running during relative counterclockwise rotation . this free running has a limit , however , in that the lower half 8a of the slip coupling 8 is urged upwardly by a spring 10 . the spring 10 is , in the present exemplary embodiment , a helical spring encircling the lower part 3a of the bolt 3 , one end of the spring 10 butting against the upper surface of the base plate 2 , and the other end pressing upwardly on the bottom of coupling half 8a . the axial length of the square section 3d of the bolt 3 is dimensioned such that the teeth 9a of the lower coupling half 8a will disengage from the teeth 9b of the upper coupling half 8b if , as inventively provided , the braking torque at the upper coupling half 8b exceeds the operating torque at the lower coupling half 8a , whereby the latter slides downwardly along the teeth 9b of the former , against the force of the spring 10 and toward the base plate 2 . moreover , by rotating the bolt 3 in a counterclockwise direction , the sole holder 11 will be lowered by the thread 6a of the sleeve 6 until it encounters the top of coupling half 8b . upon rotation of the bolt 3 in a clockwise direction , the sole holder 11 can be raised until it encounters the lid of the housing 7 . if the ski binding part 1 is now supposed to be adjusted to the ski boot sole 12a of a ski boot 12 , then first the head 5 is rotated clockwise by means of a tool placed into the slot 5a , for example a screwdriver or a coin , until the lower side 11b of the sole holder 11 is raised above the ski boot sole 12a . then the ski boot 12 is introduced into the ski binding part 1 , after which the bolt 3 is rotated in a counter - clockwise direction so long as the force of the spring 10 actively holds together the two coupling halves 8a and 8b . upon reaching a predetermined hold - down force on the boot sole , the spring 10 yields and the two halves 8a and 8b of the slip coupling 8 slide one over the other , so that an undesired pinching of the ski boot sole 12a by the sole holder 11 cannot occur . in other words , when the boot sole 12a is not engaging the sole holder 11 , spring 10 will maintain coupling halves 8a and 8b in a driving relation , and rotation of bolt 5 will cause coupling half 8a to drive coupling half 8b and sleeve 6 , whereby the sole holder 11 will be moved upwardly or downwardly , within the limits described above , through the threaded engagement of the sole holder 11 with the threads 6a of the sleeve 6 . when , however , the boot sole 12a is inserted beneath the raised sole holder 11 , and bolt 5 is rotated so as to move sole holder 11 downwardly , downward movement will occur until the upward resistance of the ski boot sole 12a against the sole holder 11 acts through the threads 6c on sleeve 6 to increase the torque that coupling 8a must apply to 8b to effect further downward movement . a threshold point will eventually be reached at which the torque required to turn coupling half 8b will exceed the torque applied to coupling half 8a to force spring 10 downwardly , so as to permit coupling half 8a to slip across the teeth 9b of coupling half 8b in a tooth - by - tooth , ratchetlike manner . in the exemplary embodiment according to fig3 a ski binding part 1 &# 39 ; can be recognized , in the present case a heel holder , which can be used , for example , with the ski binding part 1 according to fig1 and 2 to form a complete ski binding . the structure of the inventive part of the sole holder is similar to that in the first exemplary embodiment , with the difference that the ski boot heel 12b of the ski boot 12 is now received between a plate 13 of the housing 7 &# 39 ; and the sole holder 11 &# 39 ;. the rotatable bolt 3 &# 39 ; is riveted to a flange 14 of the housing 7 &# 39 ;. here , the bolt 3 &# 39 ; has two independent parts 3 &# 39 ; a and 3 &# 39 ; b , and part 3 &# 39 ; b itself has the thread 3 &# 39 ; c which is needed for operating the sole holder 11 &# 39 ;. the part of the bolt 3 &# 39 ; which is provided with the thread 3c is adjacent the rivet 4 . the spring 10 is arranged in the area of the screw bolt 3 &# 39 ; adjacent the head 5 , wound around the upper , thread - free part 3a of the screw bolt 3 &# 39 ;. the structure and arrangement of the slip coupling 8 corresponds substantially with that already described . only the type of fastening of the two halves 8a , 8b of the slip coupling 8 to the bolt 3 &# 39 ; is different from the first exemplary embodiment , in that these are connected to the respective individual bolt parts 3a and 3b through welding seams 15 . the sole holder 11 &# 39 ; has an internally threaded hole in an extension 11c , which thread is engaged with the thread 3c of the bolt part 3 &# 39 ; b . adjustment of the sole holder 11 &# 39 ; can be done in the already - described manner , whereby the cooperation of slip coupling 8 and spring 10 is similar to the first exemplary embodiment . to fasten the ski binding part 1 &# 39 ; on a not - illustrated ski , the indicated base plate 2 &# 39 ; is used . fig3 a and 3b illustrate a further construction of a slip coupling 8 &# 39 ;, wherein on each of the two bolt parts 3 &# 39 ; a and 3 &# 39 ; b , there is a friction coupling half 8 &# 39 ; a or 8 &# 39 ; b , preferably held on with a press fit , and wherein the coupling action is produced or caused by interaction of friction surfaces 16a and 16b . such friction materials are known in couplings , brakes or the like , whereby the interaction of such friction elements can also be assumed to be known . the further structure of the ski binding part 1 &# 39 ; corresponds with what has already been described . to be complete it is remarked that to prevent unintentional rotation of an individual coupling part 8 &# 39 ; a or 8 &# 39 ; b , relative to the shaft of the respective individual bolt part 3 &# 39 ; a or 3 &# 39 ; b , it is possible to provide between these respective structural parts a shoulder , key , or the like which extends in a radial direction and which lockingly engages a congruent recess in the other structural part . by suitably selecting the friction surfaces 16a and 16b , the degree of hold - down force can be predetermined . thus , after installation , the friction action cannot generally be inadvertently changed , except by reconstruction in the factory . in the embodiment according to fig4 and 5 , a ski binding part 1 &# 34 ; illustrates a further exemplary embodiment of a front jaw according to the invention . a bolt 3 &# 34 ; with a thread 3 &# 34 ; c , which extends across the entire adjustment range of the sole holder 11 &# 34 ;, is arranged on the base plate 2 and the housing 7 &# 34 ; in a manner similar to that already described . the housing 7 &# 34 ; also has , in the present case , two openings 17 , each of which is aligned with a further bolt 18 . the individual bolts 18 each have a center , thread - free area 18a , and two areas 18b and 18c provided with threads which operationally oppose each other . the thread 18b , which is the upper one adjacent to the lid of the housing 7 &# 34 ;, is preferably a right - hand thread and the thread 18c adjacent the base plate 2 a left - hand thread . the thread - free , center area 18a of each bolt 18 has a collar 18d or the like , through which it is supported rotatably in relationship to the sole holder 11 &# 34 ;. to simplify installation , it is preferable , when the collar 18d rests in one direction on a shoulder - like constriction 31 of an opening 30 of the sole holder 11 &# 34 ;, which opening 30 serves to receive the bolt 18 , if the other side of the collar 18d rests against a sleeve 19 or the like closing off the space between the screw bolt 18 and the sole holder 11 &# 34 ;. the end of each screw bolt 18 which faces the housing 7 &# 34 ; has a hexagonal - recess 20 into which an appropriate tool may be inserted for operating the bolt 18 . the opposite end of each bolt 18 has a limit stop 32 which is not described in detail . the extension 11 &# 34 ; c of the sole holder 11 &# 34 ;, through which the sole holder 11 &# 34 ; is elevationally adjustable in relation to the screw bolt 3 &# 34 ;, has an opening 11 &# 34 ; d therethrough , the diameter of which is considerably greater than that of the screw bolt 3 &# 34 ;. one part 8 &# 34 ; a of a friction clutch 8 &# 34 ; is arranged in this opening 11 &# 34 ; d , and threadably engages the threads 3 &# 34 ; c of bolt 3 &# 34 ;. the other part of the friction clutch 8 &# 34 ; is formed by several , in the present example two washer - shaped inserts 8 &# 34 ; b ( fig5 ) arranged in recesses 21 , which recesses 21 are each constructed in the part 8 &# 34 ; a of the friction clutch 8 &# 34 ; and in the extension 11 &# 34 ; c of the sole holder 11 &# 34 ;. two substantially vertically positioned pins 22 are fixedly held in each insert 8 &# 34 ; b , each pin 22 having a helical spring 10 &# 34 ; wound around it , which spring 10 &# 34 ; is arranged in a receiving opening 23 of the insert 8 &# 34 ; b and is supported with one end on the bottom of said receiving opening 23 and with its other end on a washer - shaped disk 24 ( fig5 ). as a whole , two disks 24 are provided , each with two openings 24c and two threaded tapholes 24b , which in turn are each associated respectively with a pin 22 and a threaded part 18b or 18c of the bolts 18 . accordingly , rotation of the bolts 18 will act through the right - hand and left - hand threads at 18b and 18c to increase or reduce the vertical distance between the two disks 24 , thereby changing the tension on the springs 10 &# 34 ;. by changing the tension of the springs 10 &# 34 ;, the friction between the center part 8 &# 34 ; a and the individual inserts 8 &# 34 ; b can be increased or reduced , through which in turn the predetermined clamping force of the sole holder 11 &# 34 ; in relationship to the ski boot sole 12a of the ski boot 12 will be higher or lower . further structure of the ski binding part 1 &# 34 ; and its operation correspond substantially with what has already been described . the only difference in the operation is that here there is no slip coupling loaded by the spring , but rather the friction clutch parts , which in themselves effect the coupling action . thus , the effect corresponds approximately with the embodiment according to fig3 a and 3b . in the exemplary embodiment according to fig6 to 6e , the ski binding part 1 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; is in structure similar to the exemplary embodiment according to fig3 with the primary difference that , like the embodiment according to fig4 and 5 , a friction coupling 8 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; is provided . the difference between it and the embodiment according to fig4 and 5 consists of the friction coupling 8 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; having constant friction values , such that it cannot be regulated . the friction coupling 8 &# 34 ; consists of a recess 25 ( fig6 a ) in the extension 11 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; c of the sole holder 11 &# 34 ;&# 39 ;, in which is rotatably received a central coupling part 8 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; a ( fig6 d ). the surfaces of the recess 25 and coupling part 8 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; a engage each other in a manner providing the desired constant frictional characteristic . except for the structure of the extension 11 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; c of the sole holder 11 &# 34 ;&# 39 ;, which grips around the center friction coupling part 8 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; a , and the bolt 3 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; consisting of a single structural part having threads 3 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; c from the head 5 to the rivet 4 , the structure of the ski binding part 1 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; equals the ski binding part 1 &# 39 ; according to fig3 . details of the friction clutch 8 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; can be taken on the one hand from fig6 a to 6c and on the other hand from fig6 d and 6e , wherein the first - mentioned figures illustrate in associated views the structure of the extension 11 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; c and the two last figures the structure of the center part 8 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; a , also in associated views . the center part 8 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; a is a nut which is engaged on the thread 3 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; c of the bolt 3 &# 34 ;&# 39 ;, such that upon rotation of the bolt 3 &# 34 ;&# 39 ;, the sole holder 11 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; is carried along in a downward direction toward the ski boot heel 12b of the ski boot 12 until the friction between the center part 8 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; a and the congruent area of the extension 11 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; c of the sole holder 11 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; is less than the resistance applied by the ski boot heel 12b onto the sole holder 11 &# 34 ;&# 39 ;. when this limit is reached , the center part 8 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; a rotates with the screw bolt 3 &# 34 ;&# 39 ;, without carrying the sole holder 11 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; further toward the plate 13 . for the purpose of a simple assembly , the recess 25 in the extension 11 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; c which serves to receive the center part 8 &# 34 ;&# 39 ; c can be closed off with a sleeve 19 &# 39 ;, similarly to the embodiment according to fig4 and 5 . the invention is not limited to the illustrated exemplary embodiments . further modifications are conceivable without leaving the scope of the claims . thus , in particular , neither the form nor the type of the coupling elements is limited to the illustrated embodiments . for example , one can enlarge the friction surfaces through a lamellalike construction of the coupling parts . it is also conceivable to use different coupling parts in the front jaw and in the heel holder . furthermore , the various embodiments of front jaws and heel holders can be combined among one another .
a ski binding part with a sole holder for ski boots , which can be automatically adjusted to provide the proper hold - down force for different height ski boot soles or ski boot heels by a torque limiting coupling and a bolt which , when the ski binding is mounted on the ski , stands substantially perpendicular with respect to the upper side of the ski .