fig1 a is an example of a divers mouthpiece [ 100 ] and bitewing [ 110 ] with antimicrobial micronized silver [ 120 ] matrixed within an elastomeric polymer [ 130 ] composition . fig1 b is a cross - section of a bitewing [ 110 ] exhibiting the elastomeric polymer [ 130 ] with antimicrobial micronized or submicron sized metal particles of silver including colloidal silver , other suitable metals or metal organo or inorgano complex particles [ 120 ]. the following tables relate to the antimicrobial testing that was performed on prototypes of mouthpieces that include the use of micronized silver . the test method performed was astm e2180 — standard method for determining the activity of incorporated antimicrobial agent ( s ) in polymeric or hydrophobic material . the astm method e 2180 is the method used “ to evaluate ( qualitatively ) the effectiveness of agents incorporated or bound into or onto mainly flat ( two dimensional ) hydrophobic or polymeric surfaces ”. the test organisms utilized were staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538 and pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 15442 . two separate agar slurries were prepared , one for each organism . the agar slurries contained 1 ml of the test organism ( concentration = 7 . 0 × 10 8 cells / ml ). 0 . 85 g nacl , 0 . 3 g agar , and 100 ml of deionized water . the final inoculum concentration was equal to ˜ 7 . 0 × 10 6 cells / ml . all of the samples were prepared in triplicate and aseptically cut into twelve equally sized pieces . one ml of each agar slurry was applied to the prepared samples . using both sonification and manual vortexing the agar slurry was immediately removed from one set of the control samples and plate counts were performed . the data recovered was designated as ‘ 0 hours ’. the remaining set of control samples and the treated material was incubated at 35 ° c . for 24 hours with the solidified agar slurry intact . the agar slurry was again removed and processed with sonication and vortexing . plate counts were performed . the data retrieved from this set of samples was designated ‘ 24 hours ’. calculation of ‘ percent reduction ’ compares the geometric mean of each time point data set with that of the relevant time point control . the results are shown in table 1 below . the control (# 1 ) was for an untreated mouthpiece comprised of silicone rubber . sample # 2 was a separate mouthpiece manufactured using less than 3 . 5 grams of micronized silver mixed into the silicone rubber prior to injection molding . sample # 3 was another separate mouthpiece manufactured using as much as 3 . 5 grams of micronized silver mixed into the silicone rubber prior to injection molding . the silver was diluted with the silicone rubber part a used for injection molding . part b of the silicone rubber used for silicone rubber molding did not have silver added . the micronized silver had been supplied in a tube which included a polysynthetic oil base , such as provided by artic silver . in other words , the concentration of micronized silver were significantly lower in sample # 2 then in sample # 3 . one such manufacturer of micronized silver is artic silver . they produce micronized silver compounds containing 99 . 9 % silver including ; artic silver 5 that uses three unique shapes and sizes of pure silver particles to maximize particle - to - particle contact area and thermal transfer . arctic silver 5 contains over 88 % thermally conductive filler by weight . in addition to micronized silver , arctic silver 5 also contains sub - micron zinc oxide , aluminum oxide and boron nitride particles . these thermally - enhanced ceramic particles improve the compound &# 39 ; s performance and long - term stability . arctic silver 5 does not contain any silicone . the suspension fluid is a proprietary mixture of advanced polysynthetic oils that work together to provide three distinctive functional phases . as it comes from the tube , arctic silver 5 &# 39 ; s consistency is engineered for easy application . during the cpu &# 39 ; s initial use , the compound thins out to enhance the filling of the microscopic valleys and ensure the best physical contact between the heatsink and the cpu core . then the compound thickens slightly over the next 50 to 200 hours of use to its final consistency designed for long - term stability . ( this should not be confused with conventional phase change pads that are pre - attached to many heatsinks . those pads melt each time they get hot then re - solidify when they cool . the viscosity changes that arctic silver 5 goes through are much more subtle and ultimately much more effective .) ( while much safer than electrically conductive silver and copper greases , arctic silver 5 should be kept away from electrical traces , pins , and leads . while it is not electrically conductive , the compound is very slightly capacitive and could potentially cause problems if it bridges two close - proximity electrical paths .) 3 to 12 degrees centigrade lower cpu full load core temperatures than standard thermal compounds or thermal pads when measured with a calibrated thermal diode imbedded in the cpu core . table 2 shows the raw data for the triplicate counts for all three mouthpieces described above . it should be understood that these were prototype mouthpieces and that the distribution of the micronized silver was not controlled . therefore , this initial test and manufacturing process provided surface areas where the silver was not evenly distributed , leading to large variability in bacteria counts . the trends , however , are unmistakable , in that the higher concentration of silver particles within the mouthpiece lead to significantly lower bacteria counts as shown in tables 1 and 2 .
the present invention provides for a dental appliance , mouthguard and / or divers mouthpiece using an anti - microbial composition that combines the use of an elastomeric polymer composition with micronized or submicron sized particles of metal or organo / inorgano metal complexes . in addition , the use of an anti - microbial composition for use with a diver &# 39 ; s air delivery hose to prevent breathing of contaminated air is also described .