referring initially to fig1 , a device for mitigating blast impacts in accordance with the present invention is shown and is generally designated 10 . as shown , the device 10 includes a cushion 12 that has been incorporated as part of a helmet 14 to provide head protection . more specifically , for the embodiment of the present invention shown in fig1 , the cushion 12 is configured as a matrix 16 having a plurality of rings 18 , of which the rings 18 a and 18 b are exemplary . the matrix 16 is also shown to have a plurality of strips 20 , of which the strips 20 a and 20 b are exemplary . as will be appreciated by the skilled artisan , the rings 18 and strips 20 can be used together , in combination , or individually . referring now to fig2 , the rings 18 and strips 20 of the cushion 12 are shown , in detail , to include a plurality of fluid pockets 22 that are interconnected with a plurality of receiver pockets 24 . the fluid pockets 22 a and 22 b , and the receiver pockets 24 a and 24 b that are shown are only exemplary . fig2 also shows that the cushion 12 is positioned inside the helmet 14 to protect the head 26 of a user . this also is exemplary . although the cushion 12 shown in fig2 is being used for protection of a head 26 , it is to be understood that cushions 12 can be uniquely configured and used for protection of other body parts , such as the torso , legs , arms and neck . fig3 a and 3b best show the structural and functional interaction between a fluid pocket 22 and its associated receiver pockets 24 . more specifically , in fig3 a , the fluid pocket 22 a is shown to be filled with a fluid 27 having a fluid pressure “ p f ”. normally ( i . e . before a shock loading ), p f will be zero . further , fig3 a shows that a vent 28 a is provided to establish fluid communication between the fluid pocket 22 a and the adjacent receiver pocket 24 a . also , a valve 30 a is shown imbedded into the vent 28 a . similarly , a vent 28 b , in combination with a valve 30 b , is provided to establish fluid communication between the fluid pocket 22 a and the adjacent receiver pocket 24 b . as intended for the present invention , the cushion 12 will include numerous such fluid connections throughout its matrix 16 . as implied above , the actual number and placement of the rings 18 and strips 20 is a matter of design choice . in the event of a blast ( shock loading ) 32 ( or a blunt force impact ), indicated by the arrow in fig3 a , the helmet 14 will act as a plate member having an impact surface 34 and a force transfer surface 36 . structurally , the helmet 14 will transfer the effect of the blast 32 to the fluid pocket 22 a . for fluid pocket 22 a , the result will be an increase in pressure ( p f ) on fluid 27 in the fluid pocket 22 a . additional fluid pockets 22 will , of course , also be affected . and , each fluid pocket 22 will respond substantially the same as described here for the fluid pocket 22 a . functionally , due to the over - pressure of “ p f ” that results in fluid pocket 22 a , in response to the blast 32 , the valves 30 a and 30 b will open . this permits fluid 27 to flow from fluid pocket 22 a into the receiver pockets 24 a and 24 b through respective vents 28 a and 28 b . consequently , as shown in fig3 b , the receiver pockets 24 a and 24 b fill with fluid 27 . as the receiver pockets 24 a and 24 b fill with fluid 27 , a pressure “ p r ” is established on the fluid 27 in the receiver pockets 24 a and 24 b . as intended for the present invention , this transfer of the fluid 27 from the fluid pocket 22 a into the receiver pockets 24 a and 24 b mitigates the adverse effects of the blast 32 on the head 26 . if the valves 30 a and 30 b are one - way valves , the cushion 12 will remain in the configuration shown in fig3 b after the effects have subsided . in this case , p r will , most likely , equal p f . on the other hand , if the valves 30 a and 30 b are two - way valves , fluid 27 can back flow from the receiver pockets 24 a and 24 b into fluid pocket 22 a , as long as p r is greater than p f . as indicated above , the fluid transfer system described above with reference to fig2 , 3 a and 3 b is but one embodiment envisioned for the present invention . other systems are envisioned . furthermore , it is to be appreciated that elements of one system can be incorporated into another . the result here , is that fluid systems can be individually customized for the cushion 12 . for this purpose , the specifics of a cushion 12 for the device 10 will be determined , in large part , by the particular application . with this in mind , several structural variations for fluid systems that can be incorporated into a cushion 12 are envisioned for the present invention . in fig4 a - c a fluid system , generally designated 38 , is shown to include a central fluid pocket 40 that is surrounded by numerous receiver pockets 42 / 44 . specifically , the receiver pockets 42 / 44 are positioned along the periphery 46 of the central fluid pocket 40 , and are connected for fluid communication with the pocket 40 via a respective valve / baffle 48 . the receiver pockets 42 a , 42 b and 44 a , 44 b are exemplary . for this particular fluid system 38 , the receiver pockets 42 are designed to have a higher modulus of elasticity than do the receiver pockets 44 . accordingly , the receiver pockets 44 will expand under a relative lower pressure ( compared to receiver pockets 42 ). thus , fluid 27 can transfer from the fluid pocket 40 into the receiver pockets 44 first , before transferring into the receiver pockets 42 . indeed , the receiver pockets 44 may expand , without any expansion of the receiver pockets 42 ( see fig4 b ). a higher pressure ( e . g . greater impact from blast 32 ), however , may cause all receiver pockets 42 / 44 to expand ( see fig4 c ). the receiver pockets might each be made of different material so that the transfer of fluid occurs at different times , at different pressures , and with different effects on the cushioning body . in this way , the cushioning load can be customized to match any application . till now , the fluid systems considered for the present invention ( i . e . shown in fig3 a / b and fig4 a / b / c ) have relied on the transfer of a fluid from a fluid pocket into a receiver pocket . fig5 a and 5b , however , show a fluid system in which there are no receiver pockets . only a single fluid pocket 50 is involved . as will be appreciated by the skilled artisan , however , a plurality of similar fluid pockets 50 can be provided in a same matrix 16 , and can be arranged therein in a variety of configurations . in any event , as envisioned for the present invention , a fluid pocket 50 is preferably manufactured with a region 52 made of material having a different modulus of elasticity than another region 54 . more specifically , this elasticity differential can be employed for the purpose of predicting and controlling the deformation of the fluid pocket 50 in response to shock loading 32 . for instance , as shown in fig5 a / b , with properly selected materials , the fluid pocket 50 ( fig5 a ) will predictably reconfigure to the fluid pocket 50 ′ ( fig5 b ). in fig6 a and 6b yet another type of fluid system for use in the cushion 12 of the present invention is shown . in this embodiment , a boundary member 56 is positioned opposite a plate member ( e . g . helmet 14 ). as shown for this embodiment of cushion 12 , a membrane 60 forms a plurality of fluid pockets 62 on the boundary member 56 . note : for most embodiments of the present invention , the boundary member 56 will be made of the same material as is used for the membrane 60 . in any event , for the embodiment shown in fig6 a and 6b , the fluid pockets 62 establish a network of fluid escape channels 64 . importantly , each fluid pocket 62 is designed to have a weak point 66 . specifically , this weak point 66 is engineered to rupture when an overpressure ( e . g . blast 32 ) is caused on the plate member ( helmet 14 ). the intended result is for fluid to transfer from the fluid pockets 62 into the fluid escape channels 64 . for all embodiments of the fluid systems disclosed above , the present invention envisions a mitigation of the forces imposed by a shock loading 32 against a human body . specifically , the energy that is absorbed by the cushion 12 , after an impact from blast 32 , is used up in the fluid transfer process . in the case of the embodiment shown in fig5 a and 5b , the energy is dissipated by the transformation of the fluid pocket 50 . for purposes of the present invention , as mentioned numerous times herein , the particular embodiment of the fluid system that is used for construction of the cushion 12 , and its configuration , are primarily design considerations . further , although the specific materials used for construction of the cushion 12 can be varied , the use of a semicrystalline polymer , such as polyurethane - pu or polyethylene - pe , is recommended . for all embodiments of the fluid systems disclosed above , the present invention envisions a transfer of fluid within or between fluid pockets . another embodiment allows the membrane walls to deform permanently or to rupture and vent fluid into uncontained regions . these embodiments will result in single - use cushion devices . while the particular anti - blast and shock optimal reduction buffer as herein shown and disclosed in detail is fully capable of obtaining the objects and providing the advantages herein before stated , it is to be understood that it is merely illustrative of the presently preferred embodiments of the invention and that no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown other than as described in the appended claims .
a cushion for use in a helmet or body armor to mitigate shock loads against the human body includes a matrix having a plurality of fluid pockets . the fluid pockets themselves are either deformable , or they can be reconfigured and are , therefore , connected in fluid communication with an empty receiver pocket . in the latter case , a vent connects each fluid pocket to at least one receiver pocket , and a valve is imbedded into the vent to control fluid flow through the vent . in either case , when the cushion receives a shock load , fluid in the cushion is transferred to reconfigure the cushion for mitigation of the resultant forces .