the embodiment of a plantar insole of the invention shown in the figures is delimited by a main upper surface 1 , a main lower surface 2 and a peripheral contour 3 . the main lower surface 2 is adapted to be in contact with a footwear insole . in the embodiment shown , it may be fitted into footwear whose bearing surface is undulated in the longitudinal direction to follow the usual general anatomical curvature of the foot and the bearing surface whereof is concave in the transverse direction . the peripheral contour 3 is conformed to fit inside the interior contour of the footwear , and to this end has , in plan view , the usual curves of the peripheral contours of prior art plantar insoles . at rest , the main upper surface 1 has the usual general shape for plantar insoles , and this shape may vary without departing from the scope of the present invention . accordingly , in the embodiment shown in fig2 to 4 , the thickness of the plantar insole varies slightly along a given longitudinal plane and varies as a function of the transverse position of the longitudinal plane concerned . this thickness may be greater than the central region under the sole of the foot , and lower in the end regions . this produces a compensating effect . similarly , in the same embodiment shown in fig5 to 8 , the thickness of the plantar insole varies along the same transverse plane concerned and varies as a function of the transverse plane concerned . in a practical embodiment shown in the figures , relating to an insole of size 42 , consider the median longitudinal plane x - x of the insole , corresponding to the sagittal plane of the foot , the longitudinal plane ii - ii at a distance of approximately 20 mm from the plane x - x in the direction of the inside edge of the insole , the longitudinal plane iii - iii at a distance of approximately 10 mm from the plane x - x in the direction of the outside edge of the insole , and the longitudinal plane iv - iv at a distance of approximately 33 mm from the x - x plane in the direction of the external edge of the insole . in the section in the plane ii - ii shown in fig2 , the thickness of the insole at the anterior end may be of the order of 6 mm , while its thickness in a median area may be of the order of 11 mm and its thickness at the posterior end may be of the order of 9 mm . similarly , in the section in the plane iii - iii , the front thickness is of the order of 6 mm , the central thickness is of the order of 12 mm , and the posterior thickness is of the order of 8 mm . finally , in the plane iv - iv , the anterior thickness is of the order of 6 mm , the central thickness is of the order of 10 mm and the posterior thickness is of the order of 8 mm . the thicknesses are given by way of illustrative example and are liable to vary as a function in particular of the damping to be achieved . thus increased thicknesses may be selected to increase the damping properties , or vice versa . consider next the transverse planes relative to the front end 1 a of the insole : the plane v - v is approximately 5 . 5 cm from the front end of the insole , the plane vi - vi is approximately 11 cm from the front end of the insole , the plane vii - vii is approximately 16 . 5 cm from the front end of the insole and the plane viii - viii is approximately 22 cm from the front end of the insole . in each of the transverse planes , the thickness of the insole decreases to nothing along the inside edge and along the outside edge . the central thickness varies as a function of the transverse plane concerned . moreover , the main lower surface 2 is convex , whereas the main upper surface 1 is concave . accordingly , in the plane v - v shown in fig5 , the concavity of the main upper surface 1 forms a recess approximately 5 mm deep , and likewise in the transverse plane vi - vi shown in fig6 . in the transverse plane viii - viii shown in fig8 , the recess is approximately 12 mm deep . the length of the size 42 insole is 27 . 5 cm . its width varies as a function of the transverse plane concerned : the width is approximately 8 . 5 cm in the transverse plane v - v , approximately 9 . 5 cm in the plane vi - vi , approximately 7 . 5 cm in the plane vii - vii and approximately 7 cm in the plane viii - viii . the embodiment of the plantar insole shown in fig2 to 4 comprises a basic structure 5 to which is fixed an upper film 4 that is itself preferably covered with a comfort fabric 4 a constituting the upper surface 1 and adapted for contact with the skin of the foot . the upper film 4 may advantageously be made from an antibacterial material with a thickness of the order of 1 mm . there may therefore be chosen for the basic structure 5 a different material , adapted to the required effects , compatibility of which with contact with the foot is not required . the plantar insole of the invention is intended to cooperate with the foot in a particular way , to provide the functions of effective damping of shocks to the foot and of stability of the foot in the shoe during the movements of walking , running , rotating or changing direction . to this end , the insole essentially cooperates with the major bearing areas of the foot , which are shown in fig9 . that fig9 shows in plan view the horizontal projection of the skeleton 20 of the foot . there can be seen the toes 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 and 25 , the metatarsal heads 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 and 30 , the calcaneum 31 that has a posterior portion 31 a constituting the heel and an antero - external portion 31 b , an external portion of the cuboid 32 , and finally the fifth metatarsal 33 . the toes 21 - 25 constitute a first major bearing region of the foot . the metatarsal heads 26 - 30 constitute a second major bearing region of the foot . the posterior portion 31 a of the calcaneum , or heel , constitutes a third major bearing region of the foot , together with the antero - external portion 31 b of the calcaneum , with the cuboid 32 and with the body of the fifth metatarsal 33 . referring again to fig1 , it is seen that the main upper surface 1 of the insole of the invention comprises separate regions , which have different mechanical properties . consider the main upper surface 1 , shown in fig1 , from which the upper film 4 and the comfort fabric 4 a have been removed . there are seen an anterior bearing region 6 designed to go under the toes 21 - 25 of the user &# 39 ; s foot , an intermediate bearing region 7 designed to go under the metatarsal heads 26 - 30 of the user &# 39 ; s foot , a posterior bearing region 8 designed to go under the heel of the user &# 39 ; s foot and an external bearing region 9 designed to go under the antero - external portion of the calcaneum 31 b , under the cuboid 32 and under the fifth metatarsal 33 of the user &# 39 ; s foot . the relative position of the bearing regions 6 - 9 of the insole and the major bearing regions of the foot is seen better in fig9 . as may be seen in that figure , the anterior bearing region 6 is delimited by a continuous contour that flanks the first major bearing region of the foot consisting of the toes 21 - 25 . in other words , the contour of the anterior bearing region 6 is relatively close to the contour of the toes 21 - 25 , following that contour relatively faithfully , as shown in fig9 . similarly , the intermediate bearing region 7 is delimited by a contour that flanks the second major bearing region of the foot consisting of the metatarsal heads 26 - 30 . this contour of the intermediate bearing region 7 follows fairly faithfully the contour of the metatarsal heads 26 - 30 , as shown in fig9 . the posterior bearing region 8 is also delimited by a contour that flanks the major bearing region of the foot consisting of the heel 31 a , as may be seen in fig9 . finally , the external bearing region 9 is delimited by a contour that closely flanks the major bearing region of the foot consisting of the antero - external portion of the calcaneum 31 b , the cuboid 32 and the fifth metatarsal 33 , as shown in fig9 . the bearing regions 6 , 7 , 8 and 9 defined above constitute main surface regions of the main surface 1 having a lower relative stiffness or hardness . the rest of the plantar insole constitutes main surface regions having a higher relative stiffness or hardness . the regions of higher relative stiffness or hardness comprise a peripheral border 10 that entirely surrounds the bearing regions 6 , 7 , 8 and 9 of lower relative stiffness or hardness . there are also a plantar region 11 , an intermediate transverse region 12 and an anterior end region 13 having a higher relative stiffness or hardness . when the foot presses on the plantar insole , the main surface bearing regions of lower relative stiffness or hardness , namely the anterior bearing region 6 , the intermediate bearing region 7 , the posterior bearing region 8 and the external bearing region 9 , receive the major bearing regions of the foot , and are therefore subjected to the highest mechanical forces of the foot . they are deformed elastically by the foot . because their relative stiffness or hardness is lower , the anterior bearing region 6 , intermediate bearing region 7 , posterior bearing region 8 and external bearing region 9 deform more under load , favoring a certain localized depression of the foot in these regions , at the same time as amplifying the effects of peripheral and intermediate support by the other adjacent plantar insole regions having a higher relative stiffness or hardness and that are not deformed much . the result of this is , at one and the same time , good damping of shocks thanks to the deformation of the bearing regions of lower relative stiffness or hardness and better stability of the foot in the shoe thanks to the smaller deformation of the adjacent main surface regions of higher relative stiffness or hardness . the stiffness or hardness of the bearing regions of lower relative stiffness or hardness may be from 20 to 35 shore a . similarly , the stiffness or hardness of the regions of higher relative stiffness or hardness may be from 38 to 50 shore a , advantageously with a hardness difference of at least 10 shore a between the higher relative hardness and the lower relative hardness , and preferably with a hardness difference of at least 15 shore a . in practice , the bearing regions 6 , 7 , 8 and 9 of lower relative stiffness or hardness may have curvilinear contours as shown in fig1 and 9 , the anterior bearing region 6 consisting of five associated oval regions each corresponding to one of the toes , the intermediate bearing region 7 also consisting of five oval regions each corresponding to one of the metatarsal heads of the foot , the posterior bearing region 8 being of oval or circular shape adapted to the shape of the heel of the user &# 39 ; s foot , and the external bearing region 9 having a width that decreases progressively from the posterior region 8 to the intermediate bearing region portion 7 corresponding to the fifth metatarsal head . these bearing regions 6 - 9 of low relative stiffness or hardness may also be defined by inscribing them in two polygons defined as follows . for an insole of size 42 , the anterior bearing region 6 is circumscribed in a polygon abcdefghi in which the origin point a is approximately 1 . 6 cm to the rear of the edge of the anterior summit of the plantar insole and approximately 1 . 1 cm from the median plane x - x in the direction of the interior edge of the insole ; the sides of the polygon are identified by the corresponding vectors of their length and their angle in the clockwise direction from the median longitudinal axis x - x considered from the rear toward the front of the plantar insole as seen from above : ab ( 2 . 6 cm , 240 °), bc ( 2 . 6 cm , 180 °), cd ( 0 . 9 cm , 120 °), de ( 1 . 9 cm , 50 °), ef ( 6 . 3 cm , 120 °), fg ( 2 . 5 cm , 0 °), gh ( 5 cm , 310 °), hi ( 1 . 6 cm , 270 °), ia ( 0 . 8 cm , 0 °). the intermediate bearing region 7 , the posterior bearing region 8 and the external bearing region 9 form a set circumscribed in a polygon defined in a similar way , starting from an origin point j which is 1 . 1 cm from the median longitudinal axis x - x in the direction of the inside edge of the plantar insole and 7 . 6 cm to the rear of the anterior edge of the plantar insole , the following vectors are drawn : jk ( 2 . 2 cm , 270 °), kl ( 4 . 6 cm , 180 °), lm ( 2 . 2 cm , 90 °), mn ( 1 . 1 cm , 0 °), no ( 3 . 7 cm , 105 °), op ( 4 . 8 cm , 195 °), pq ( 7 . 7 cm , 215 °), qr ( 3 . 7 cm , 160 °), rs ( 3 . 2 cm , 90 °), st ( 1 . 8 cm , 35 °), tu ( 14 . 8 cm , 10 °), uv ( 4 . 3 cm , 305 °), vj ( 1 . 7 cm , 270 °). the position and the size of the bearing regions of lower relative stiffness or hardness can also be seen clearly in fig2 to 4 in longitudinal section and in fig5 to 8 in cross section . in the cross sections , there is a clear distinction between the distribution of the main surface bearing regions of lower relative stiffness or hardness and the main surface regions of higher relative stiffness or hardness . in particular , in the section in the plane v - v shown in fig5 , the peripheral border 10 is approximately 10 mm wide along the inside edge of the insole and approximately 15 mm wide along the outside edge of the insole ; in section in the plane vi - vi shown in fig6 , the peripheral border 10 is approximately 6 mm wide along the inside edge and approximately 25 mm along the outside edge ; in section in the plane vii - vii shown in fig7 , the peripheral border is very wide along the inside edge and is approximately 12 mm wide along the outside edge ; finally , in section in the plane viii - viii shown in fig8 , the peripheral border 10 is approximately 12 mm wide along the inside edge and approximately 14 mm wide along the outside edge . considering the cross sections in the planes v - v , vi - vi , vii - vii and viii - viii shown in fig5 to 8 , respectively , it is clear that the disposition of the upper surface bearing regions of lower relative hardness , surrounded by adjacent upper main surface regions of higher relative hardness , promotes effective lateral retention of the insole on the foot and opposes any sliding or rotation of the insole relative to the foot . for example , it is clear in fig5 that , as a result of the deformation under load of the anterior bearing region 6 , the first major bearing region of the foot consisting of the toes 21 - 25 is guided laterally at the ends 6 a and 6 b of the anterior bearing region 6 by the adjacent portions of the insole of higher relative stiffness or hardness , consisting in the present instance of the lateral portions of the peripheral border 10 , which are deformed less and constitute a lateral rim . similarly , considering the fig3 longitudinal section , it is clear that the first major bearing region of the foot consisting of the toes 21 - 25 deforms under load the anterior bearing region 6 and is guided longitudinally at the ends 6 c and 6 d of the anterior bearing region 6 by the adjacent portions of the insole made from a material of higher relative stiffness or hardness . this significantly improves the stability of the foot in the shoe , or the stability of the shoe on the foot , during movements of changing direction , walking and running in particular . the above ranges , determined for a size 42 , are susceptible to variations of plus or minus 3 mm in width and in length . as is standard practice in the footwear industry , other sizes are determined by homothetic transformation . the upper film 4 and the comfort fabric 4 a are sufficiently thin and flexible not to affect the efficacy of the basic structure 5 with regions of different relative hardness . one embodiment provides an insole made entirely from an elastomer material whose hardness is equal to the higher relative stiffness or hardness , cutting out regions intended to have a lower relative stiffness or hardness , sticking into the regions cut out in this way sheets of a material of lower relative stiffness or hardness , and then sticking on the antibacterial upper film 4 and the comfort fabric 4 a . the materials constituting the insole body may be closed cell foam elastomers of appropriate density to produce the required hardness . good results have been obtained using as the material of the main upper surface regions of higher relative stiffness or hardness the trademark alcaform bianco material having a density of 200 , while the material forming the bearing regions 6 - 9 or main surface regions of lower relative stiffness or hardness is the trademark nora lumarmide material having a density close to 100 or 110 . the present invention is not limited to the embodiments that have been described explicitly , and encompasses variants and generalizations thereof that fall within the scope of the following claims .
a plantar insole has bearing areas of the main surface which are provided with a rigidity or hardness which are less with respect to other areas of the main surface . these areas are arranged under the major bearing areas of a foot , i . e . under toes , under the metatarsal heads , under the heel and under the external bearing area of the foot , making it possible to attain a compromise between the necessity of an impact absorption and stabilization of the foot in a shoe . the insole may be adapted to any type of footwear .