turning now to fig1 , vertebral segment 10 includes superior vertebral level 20 and inferior vertebral level 30 . these are shown as level l4 and level l5 in this example , however the concepts taught herein could be used at any level in the spine . a description of a first embodiment of a device and method for using the device for inserting and securing a replacement nucleus within a disc space is now described in connection with vertabral segment 10 of fig1 . fig1 shows a nucleus replacement 50 which must be inserted into the disc space 40 . to assist this endeavor , two holes 53 a and 53 b are drilled into the vertebral levels 64 , 65 using fluoro to track a cutting bit in its path , starting from the opening of the pedicles 55 a , 55 b and extending on a curved path to the disc space 40 as shown . after the holes are drilled , a suture 60 starting with end 62 is passed through the l4 pedicle opening 55 a , through the first tunnel 53 a , and into the disc space 40 passing the entry point 54 a . in the first embodiment , the suture would then be grasped and pulled through a posterior opening in the disc space 40 , and out to the posterior of the patient . suture 60 is then mated to nucleus replacement 50 , and suture 60 is passed back down the access port to the disc space 40 where it is guided back down to the second tunnel 53 b through opening 54 b . as an aide , a tool could be passed through the opening of pedicle 55 b , through tunnel 53 b , into the disc space 40 . the tool would grab suture 60 and pull end 62 through opening 54 b , through tunnel 53 b , and out to pedicle opening 55 b where it is pulled out of the body . this method leaves end 62 of suture 60 extending out of the patient and the opposite end 61 of suture 60 also extending out of the patient . the suture would most likely have been cut off at the appropriate length . suture ends 61 , 62 are then pulled out away from the patent , pulling with it nucleus prosthesis 50 that is attached to suture 60 . in this way , nucleus replacement 50 is pulled into disc space 40 so that holes 54 a , 54 b are directly in line with the suture connection point at the nucleus prosthesis . at this point knots , anchors ( not shown ) or other stop devices could be attached to suture ends 61 , 62 . if anchors are used , they would be forcibly press fitted or threaded into the pedicle . the anchors could have features on them that mate with the suture to allow tension and reduction of length on suture ends 61 , 62 in a zip tie approach so as to maintain position of suture 60 and thus of nucleus replacement 50 at all times . the remaining suture ends would then be cut off flush or above flush to the anchors . in another embodiment , end 62 of suture 60 , while being installed , would pass from opening 54 a of disc space 40 directly into opening 54 b and urged through tunnel 53 b to opening 55 b of the l5 pedicle and pulled out of the patient . with end 62 of suture 60 extending out of the patient , a tool could be inserted through opening 56 to disc space 40 , grabbing the suture 60 and pulling slack granted at either end through opening 56 and out of the patient . at this point , nucleus 50 would be harnessed to suture 60 at points 51 and 52 . in so doing , nucleus replacement 50 is now secured to suture 60 . slack from suture 60 can now be pulled out by suture ends 61 , 62 , thereby pulling nucleus replacement 50 into disc space 40 , with points 51 , 52 positioned in line with openings 54 a , 54 b . anchors would then be applied in the manner and fashion described above . while in some instances nucleus replacement 50 may be a single device , in other implementations it may include multiple devices that are inserted into disc space 40 . turning to fig2 , a cross - section of the vertebral segment taken at line 2 - 2 of fig1 is shown including vertebra 30 or l5 having spinous process 240 , transverse processes 220 a , 220 b , and pedicle openings 55 b , 155 b which have been created by the method described above . the example of fig2 shows an implementation in which two nucleus replacement devices ( 50 a and 50 b ) have been inserted into disc space 40 . for example , nucleus replacement 50 a is inserted in the manner described above in connection with fig1 for nucleus replacement 50 , and nucleus replacement 50 b is inserted in a similar manner . cannulas 210 , 211 are placed over the openings 55 b , 155 b to pass nucleus replacements 50 a , 50 b into the disc space 40 . suture 60 is shown coming out of the page at points 60 a , 60 b through attachment points 52 a , 52 b ( not shown ). the posterior longitudinal ligament ( pll ) 230 is also shown in this view as being saved , making this method desirable for vertebral stability as the pll 230 supplies mach of the posterior stability . as a method , the nucleus replacements 50 a , 50 b are passed through cannulas 210 , 211 , through opening 56 a , 56 b of the disc space , and passed into the disc space 40 . the nucleus replacement travel ends when holes 51 a , 51 b , and 52 a , 52 b ( not shown ), line up with holes 54 a , 54 b and 64 a , 64 b ( not shown ) with suture 60 a passing though the left prosthesis 50 a , and suture 60 b passing through the right prosthesis 50 b . turning to fig3 , anchors 70 , 71 are shown entering into pedicle holes 55 a and 55 b . at the proximal end of anchors 70 , 71 are suture 60 securing means 72 , 73 from which suture 60 is expelled . in this unique embodiment , suture ends 61 and 62 are joined at the ends to an elastic tension member 80 serving as a ligament to the anchors to achieve distraction of the disc space and to promote healthy biomechanics throughout the segment . the nucleus replacement 50 is shown in position within the disc space . turning to fig4 a and 4b , a lower vertebra is shown in fig4 a with anchors 401 placed in the pedicles . the anchors allow for passage of suture through the pedicle to secure nucleus replacement 50 as described above . to assist with bone absorption and subsidence , as shown in fig4 b , nucleus replacement 50 could have a metal base 402 placed on one side to provide stability against the end plate . this metal base plate could be cobalt chrome or another biocompatible metal or it could be plastic , or rigid material . the nucleoplasty would be delivered in a translateral lumbar approach to the disc space . the anchors would be used to maintain position of the device and aid in insertion as described above . turning to fig5 a and 5b , a vertebral segment is shown including a cross section through the disc space of the lower vertebra . more specifically , fig5 a corresponds generally with the view of fig1 and fig5 b corresponds generally with the view of fig2 . also shown are a plurality of reinforcement mesh elements 500 ( shown as elements 500 a and 500 b in fig5 b ) which are collapsible under load . these mesh elements function to reinforce the end plate and the bone central to the end plate . that is , mesh elements 500 include a hole through which suture 60 is pulled , wherein mesh elements 500 reinforce the end plate and the bone central to the end plate to , for example , aid in preventing the hole in the underlying bone from growing larger over time due to stress presented thereto by the suture 60 . this in turn allows for greater load bearing capability while avoiding bone absorption by the body as well as subsidence of an intervertebral implant . suture ends 62 a and 62 b are shown in illustration ( a ), which are pulled through holes 501 a and 501 b of mesh elements 500 a and 500 b , respectively . turning to fig6 a , 6 b , and 6 b , a side view of a vertebral segment is shown in fig6 a having pedicle anchors 601 which have a tension member 602 positioned at the distal end of the anchors . in this embodiment , a flexible rod 603 is secured to the anchors 601 between the segments to provide a dynamic stabilization system including the tension member in front and the counter tension member posterior . as shown in fig6 b , a salvage means including a supplemental rigid rod 604 which further secures to flexible rod 603 or anchors 601 can be used to allow for rigid fixation for fusion . one such fixation means of the supplemental rigid rod is shown in fig6 c which entails a piggy - back and interlock design . rigid rod 604 includes a cylindrical cut that mates to flexible rod 603 . it then locks to flexible rod 603 to make a conventional fusion . although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail , it should be understood that various changes , substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the invention . moreover , the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process , machine , manufacture , composition of matter , means , methods and steps described in the specification . as one will readily appreciate from the disclosure , processes , machines , manufacture , compositions of matter , means , methods , or steps , presently existing or later to be developed that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized . accordingly , the invention is intended to encompass within its scope such processes , machines , manufacture , compositions of matter , means , methods , or steps .
there is disclosed systems and methods for spinal nucleus replacement by constructing channels through vertebral segments on either side of an area into which the spinal nucleus is to be positioned , the channels running from a channel end outside of the area to a channel end abutting the area . one end of a suture is inserted into the outside channel end of a first one of the channels and passed through the first channel and into the area and out of the area through the second channel until it emerges from the second channel . the suture is then used to pull the nucleus into the area .