referring in detail to the drawing , 10 generally denotes the surgical instrument , constructed to embody the invention and more specifically herein designated as a manually operated compressor , seen to comprise pincers 11 mounted on and in symmetrical relation between a pair of actuating lever arms 21 and 22 which are pivotally connected at one end thereof by pivot pins 20 . pincers 11 is formed as a pair of blades 12 and 13 pivotally connected at midportion thereof by pivot pin 16 in scissor - fashion . blades 12 and 13 have business ends or jaws 14 and 15 , respectively , which are semi - circular in contour to define an opening 11a of substantially circular configuration when in an open position , as seen in fig1 and 4 , and closing to define an opening 11b of oval configuration , as seen in fig5 . blade 12 is shown to be located on the rearward side of pincers 11 with jaw 14 thereof carrying a plurality of grippers 18 extending perpendicularly in a rearward direction and herein shown as five in number substantially equally spaced along the arcuate length of jaw 14 . blade 13 is located on the front side of pincers 11 with opposing jaw 15 also carrying a plurality of grippers 19 extending rearwardly and parallel to grippers 18 but fewer in number , namely three , being located only along half the arcuate length of jaw 15 adjacent pivot pin 16 , leaving the other half of jaw 15 free of obstruction to close in front of jaw 14 as will be clear from fig4 and 5 in the manner hereinafter more fully described . grippers 18 and 19 may each be made of rod stock , preferrably circular in cross - section , of a suitably sturdy plastic material , such as a nylon , for example , &# 34 ; delrin &# 34 ;, providing the desired rigidity , and may be suitably secured in parallel relation by threaded ends 18a and 19a engaging threaded openings 14a and 15a formed in jaws 14 and 15 , respectively . as seen in fig2 each of the grippers 18 and 19 has a rounded free end 18b and 19b , respectively , all terminating in a common plane , grippers 19 being longer that grippers 18 to provide for the thickness of rearwardly positioned jaw 14 . the actuating sections 12a and 13a of blades 12 and 13 are seen to be pivotally mounted at their ends on proximal sections 22a and 21a of lever arms 22 and 21 by pivot pins 24 and 23 , respectively . each of the pivot pins 23 and 24 is located at a distance from pivot pin 20 equal to each other and to about 1 / 4 the total length of lever arms 21 and 22 , which arms are seen to be identical in size and configuration but arranged as mirror images of each other . likewise , the distances measured along the blade actuating sections 12a and 13a between pivot pins 23 and 24 and pivot pin 16 are equal to each other and on the order of the distances between pin 20 and pins 23 and 24 . as shown in the preferred embodiment herein , the distances measured along actuating sections 12a and 13a slightly exceed those measured along lever arms 21 and 22 . while any suitable structure may be adopted for pivot pins 16 , 20 , 23 and 24 , those herein provided are all similar and a representative detailed illustration thereof is shown in fig3 wherein pivot pin 16 is formed as a threaded bolt having a head 16a which may be formed to accommodate an allen wrench , a threaded end 16b and a non - threaded intermediate shank portion 16c between head 16a and threaded end 16b providing a shoulder 16d . one of the pivoting members , for example , blade 13 has a threaded opening 13b for engaging threaded end 16b , and blade 12 has a non - threaded opening 12b sized to receive shank portion 16c as a bearing - fit therein . when shoulder 16d is tightened against blade 13 fixedly attaching bolt 16 thereto , head 16a is spaced from shoulder 16d to retain blade 12 in position substantially against blade 13 but permitting sufficient freedom for rotation of blade 12 on shank portion 16c to effect the pivoting action between blades 12 and 13 . lever arms 21 and 22 , instead of being straight , may have end sections 21b and 22b , respectively , curved or bent laterally with respect to proximal sections 21a and 22a , that is , away from pincers 11 , to provide adequate clearance therefrom for gripping by the hands of the operator and especially when lever arms 21 and 22 are brought toward each other to fully close jaws 14 and 15 as will be apparent from fig5 . while lever arms 21 and 22 may be formed as an integral structure to provide the angular or curved relation between proximal sections 21a and 22a and end sections 21b and 22b , respectively , in the embodiment shown herein lever arms 21 and 22 are each formed as a two - piece structure of straight bar stock with end sections 21b and 22b suitably joined in angular relation to proximal sections 21a and 22a , respectively . while suitable rivets or other fasteners may be used , the interconnection here shown comprises pin 25 between sections 21a and 21b and pin 26 between sections 22a and 22b . pins 25 and 26 are similar in structure and coaction to pins 16 , 20 , 23 and 24 and cooperate with suitable roll pins 27 and 28 extending through aligned openings formed in sections 21a , 21b and 22a , 22b adjacent pins 25 and 26 , respectively , roll pins 27 and 28 serving to lock the sections against relative rotation and in the desired predetermined angular relation . blades 12 and 13 , proximal sections 21a and 22a and end sections 21b and 22b may all be made of a suitable lightweight metal , such as aluminum , and all be of similar thickness for assembly into compressor 10 in which these parts are shown to be arranged in three parallel planes . thus , blade 12 lies in the rearmost plane , blade 13 , end section 21b and proximal section 22a all lie in an intermedite plane , while proximal section 21a and end section 22b lie in a frontal plane . alternatively , end sections 21b and 22b may both be positioned either on the front or on the rear sides of their respective proximal sections 21a and 22a . the practical utility and operation of manually operated compressor 10 will now apparent . after being flipped over on a horizontal axis from the position shown in fig1 to that shown in fig4 and 5 , compressor 10 is held by the operator &# 39 ; s right and left hands gripping end sections 21b and 22b , respectively , adjacent the free ends thereof as indicated in broken lines . the patient may either stand erect against a wall or lie on a table in a supine position . with arms 21 and 22 held outstretched to dispose jaws 14 and 15 in a substantially open position , rounded free ends 18b and 19b of grippers 18 and 19 are placed against the rib cage so that the breast b , to be operated on , extends into the substantially circular opening 11a defined by grippers 18 and 19 . as lever arms 21 and 22 are brought downwardly and toward each other in the directon of the arrows shown in fig5 to reduce the angle therebetween , jaws 14 and 15 begin to close , bringing grippers 18 and 19 toward each other to circumferentially engage the breast b , particularly at the base of the implant . now , while maintaining the gripper free ends 18b and 19b against the rib cage , force exerted by the operator &# 39 ; s upper arms and shoulders to end sections 21b and 22b is applied through jaws 14 and 15 to grippers 18 and 19 , respectively , bringing inward radial pressure circumferentially to bear upon the contracted fibrous capsule enclosing the implant . in this manner , aided by the mechanical advantage of at least 2 to 1 of compressor 10 achieved by the relative proportions of pincers 11 and lever arms 21 and 22 and particularly the approximate 4 to 1 ratio of the distances between pivot pin 20 and pivot pins 23 and 24 to the overall effective length of lever arms 21 and 22 , sufficient force is easily provided by the operator to achieve the initial &# 34 ; pop &# 34 ; signalling rupture of the fibrous capsule while being able to maintain complete control of his movements to substantially reduce the likelihood of rupturing the coating or skin of the implant . during his initial &# 34 ; pop &# 34 ;, rupturing procedure , a feel of the implant within the breast has been found to be transmitted through pincers 11 and lever arms 21 and 22 to the operator &# 39 ; s hands , thereby aiding him in manipulation of compressor 10 . after the initial &# 34 ; pop &# 34 ;, the operator may complete the procedure by performing the follow - through twist by direct manipulation of the breast to ensure complete release of the implant . to avoid causing discomfort by being relatively cold to the touch when applied to the patient &# 39 ; s skin , grippers 18 and 19 , as hereinbefore described , are made of nylon or the like material chosen for its low heat conductivity . it is contemplated , as an alternative and within the scope of the invention , to fashion grippers 18 and 19 of the same lightweight metal as the other elements . in such case and where avoidance of the cold - to - the - touch discomfort is desired , grippers 18 and 19 may be coated with a suitable latex having heat insulating properties . the manually operated compressor herein disclosed is seen to achieve the several objects of the invention and to be well adapted to meet conditions of practical use . as various possible embodiments might be made of this invention , and as various changes might be made in the disclosed compressor , it is to be understood that all matters herein set forth and shown in the accompanying drawing are to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense .
a plurality of the elongated grippers are mounted in spaced apart , axially parallel , relation to project perpendicularly from opposing , substantially semi - circular , jaws of a pair of blades pivoted at a midportion thereof in scissor - fashion . a pair of lever arms are pivotally connected at one end and have handle portions formed at opposite ends thereof , said blades being symmetrically mounted between said lever arms with one end of each of the blades opposite said jaws pivotally attached to one of the lever arms for actuation thereby and for providing a mechanical advantage to close the jaws on application of a manual force applied to the handle portions . this closing brings the grippers of each jaw toward each other providing a compressive force on a breast requiring closed compression rupture when positioned therebetween .