the device represented in fig1 includes a protective cap 1 for an osteosynthesis pin such as 2 ( fig2 ), an instrument 3 for fixing of the cap 1 on the pin , this instrument being provided with a terminal part 4 for supporting the cap 1 , and finally a protective cover 5 covering the terminal part 4 and the cap 1 . the cover 5 , made for example from any appropriate plastic material , has a tubular shape and may be secured by friction on a cylindrical base 6 coaxial with the terminal part 4 . this base 6 is extended by a handle 7 for manual gripping , whose surface is preferably covered with bumps , for example a knurling 8 . the cap 1 , represented in detail in fig2 and 3 , includes a housing 9 formed by a blind hole adapted in order to receive one end of the pin 2 . in the cap implant 1 , there is furthermore made a tapped hole 11 opening transversely in the housing 9 , and adapted in order to receive a screw 12 allowing the pin 2 and the cap 1 to be solidly attached together . in the embodiment represented , the hole 11 passes right through the cap 1 , perpendicularly to the axis of the cylindrical housing 9 , only its part intended to receive the screw 12 being tapped . the screw 12 has on one end thereof a head 12a adapted to match the cylindrical surface of the pin 2 . the screw 12 is made in a single piece with the terminal part 4 of the handle / screw 3 , and has , at the junction of its opposite end with this part 4 , a brittle zone 13 allowing it to rupture at the end of screwing and thus allowing the screw 12 to be detached from the neck forming the terminal part 4 . the fitting of the cap 1 and its fixing to the pin 2 are performed very simply , in the following manner . after having removed the cover 5 , the surgeon , holding the handle 7 in his hand , brings the cap 1 up to the end of the pin 2 which he introduces intothe housing 9 , until its tip abuts upon the bottom of this housing . then , the screw 12 being only partially driven into its hole 11 , the surgeon starts to screw it by rotating the tool 3 like a screwdriver . at the end of screwing , the head 12a of the screw 12 comes to fit tightly against thepin 2 which it locks in translation and in rotation with respect to the cap1 . then , by applying force to the handle 7 , the surgeon causes the rupture of the brittle zone 13 , then situated inside the tapped hole 11 . the screw12 is then in place and fixes the cap 1 to the pin 2 . the second embodiment of the cap 14 , represented in fig4 and 5 , differs from the previous one in that the body of the cap is larger and pierced bya bore 15 , directed preferably perpendicular to the axis of the housing 9 and therefore to the pin 2 . the bore 15 passes right through the cap 14 , and allows the passage of a tying wire or an osseous brace , as will be described in more detail hereinbelow . of course , for a given size of the cap 1 or 14 , the cavity 9 receiving the pin 2 may have a variable diameter , adapted to that of the pin , which may be unthreaded , or alternatively partially or completely threaded . a number of examples of implementation of the invention will now be described with reference to fig6 to 17 . fig6 illustrates the application of the invention to the fracture 16 of apatella 10 : the device comprises two pins 17 , both of whose ends are covered with a cap implant 14 through the holes 15 in which a wire 18 , forexample made of steel , passes . this wire , both of whose extremities are knotted at 18a , forms a tie or brace for holding the two parts of the fractured patella in compression . fig7 is a rear view of the upper end of a fractured cubitus 40 ( olecranon ), fitted with two pins 19 each provided with a cap 14 , through which passes a steel wire 18 whose ends have been knotted so as to form a closedloop which passes through an osseous canal 20 . fig8 shows the lower end of a radius 22 , with two fracture lines 21 , fitted with a device according to the invention with three pins 23 , whose ends projecting from the radius 22 are each covered with a cap 1 . the arrangement represented in fig8 constitutes an intrafocal pinning after kapandji . fig9 shows a radius 22 whose lower end has single fracture line 21 and which is provided with two crossed pins 23 , whose ends projecting out of the radius are each covered with a cap 1 . this is a styloid pinning . fig1 illustrates a mounting according to the invention of two pins 23 onan ankle 24 which has suffered an internal malleolar fracture 25 . each pin 23 has its end projecting externally to the ankle 24 covered by a cap 14 through which passes a wire 26 , for example made of steel , forming a closed loop which passes through a tibial transosseous canal 27 . such a device can be applied to the internal or external malleolus . fig1 shows a metacarpal 28 whose fracture 29 is passed through by a pin 23 . the distal end 23a of the pin 23 is threaded and passes through the cortical , while the proximal end is covered with a protective cap 1 . the assembly of the pin 23 and the cap 1 is screwed , by means of pincers as indicated by the arrow k , in order to develop a compression at the fracture focus . this compression is induced by the slight displacement in translation of the pin caused by its rotation . this is applicable to the other bones of the locomotor apparatus . fig1 shows a fractured carpal scaphoid 31 , provided with two pins 23 whose ends outside the scaphoid are covered with a cap 1 . such a device can be applied to the surgical treatment of pseudoarthoses of the carpal scaphoid , combined or uncombined with an osseous graft , to the other bonelets of the carpus or of the tarsus , to the tarsus in fractures / luxations concerning the tarsus and the metatarsus , or to any other fracture pathology of the tarsus and of the metatarsus . fig1 is an example of application of the invention to an arthrodesis ( fusion of the two parts of the joint to each other ) of a digital joint , such as the distal ( or proximal ) interphalangial . the two parts 41 , 42 of the fractured bone are held in alignment by an axial pin 23 ( smooth or threaded ) supplemented by a small antirotation pin 23a , oblique with respect to the pin 23 so as to prevent either of the parts of the bone from rotating with respect to the other . each of the two pins is covered with a cap 1 . fig1 illustrates an arthrodesis of the metacarpophalangial joint 32 of the thumb 33 , or of the metatarsophalangial joint of the hallux . the device here comprises two pins 23 each provided with a cap 14 through which a wire 33 passes following a transosseous passage 34 . such a device is also applicable to the interphalangial joint of the thumb and of the hallux . fig1 shows a protection of a suture of the distal extensor apparatus ( 30 ) with interim locking of the distal interphalangial joint by a pin 23 provided with a cap 1 ( this pin is to be held for 4 to 6 weeks ). fig1 shows a claw toe 35 , in the digital canal of which there has been introduced , level with the bone , a guide pin 23 provided with a cap 1 , after an arthroplastic moulding of the proximal interphalangial joint of the toe . fig1 shows a hammer toe 35a on which a distal interphalangial tenodermodesis has been performed , then into the digital canal of which a guide pin 23 has temporarily been fitted . in addition to the advantages already mentioned , the protective cap and theassembly of which it forms a part have the following advantages . 1 . the cap 1 , 14 protects the neighbouring tissues , opposing any untimely displacement of the pin or migration . 2 . the protective cap , fitted under the cutaneous layer , is easily locatable manually by feeling , which facilitates ablation of the pin by the surgeon . thus for the latter the constraint of having to use a brightness amplifier is removed , which allows him a time saving and saves him from the radiations emitted by the brightness amplifier . in corollary , the extraction of the pins after union of the fracture does not lead to any significant lesion by untimely searching for the pins , andtherefore makes the surgical operation less &# 34 ; invasive &# 34 ; than has been the case hitherto . the ablation of the pins provided with a protective cap according to the invention is thus made relatively easy &# 34 ; remotely &# 34 ; from the fitting ( that is to say after some time ). 3 . the implant constituted by the protective cap according to the inventionallows the surgeon to choose a pin of the desired length . it is in fact sufficient to fit the pin , to cut it to the chosen length and to fix the protective cap thereto . this has a considerable advantage over the self - breaking pins with predetermined sizes of the prior art . these pins , protected by an endpiece , are most usually available in 0 . 5 cm intervals . they also have the drawback of rupture downstream of the protective knob , thus causing the loss of all the advantages of a protective endpiece for the pin . furthermore , the predetermination of the lengths may require the pointed extremity of the pin to extend through the opposite cortical , which is a source of irritation for the neighbouring tissues . 4 . the protective implant according to the invention may , within a fracturefocus or arthrodesis , allow the creation of a certain degree of compression , by the use of pins threaded at their distal ends , the cap being placed in the proximal position ( fig1 ). 5 . the protective cap 1 , 14 according to the invention has great simplicityof use and may be fitted to pins which are completely or partially threadedor unthreaded . the use of metal or textile wires constituting braces is of interest in a number of applications : patellar fracture ( fig6 ), fracture of the olecranon ( fig7 ), the proximal ends of the pins protected by the caps 14allowing fitting of a bracing wire 18 . these braces can also be used in other applications such as those already mentioned in a non - limiting manner ( fig1 and 14 ).
a cap has a housing adapted in order to receive one end of the pin , and a tapped hole opening out transversely in this housing , adapted in order to receive a fixing screw allowing the pin and the cap to be solidly attached together ; the screw is initially made in a single piece with the terminal part of a handle of the fixing instrument , an embrittled zone being made at the transition between the screw and the terminal part . the surgeon first covers the pin with the cap , then screws the screw until it locks the pin , and the end of screwing causes the embrittled zone to rupture , so that only the screw remains locked in place in the cap fixed to the pin . this cap prevents any migration of the pin and protects the neighbouring tissues .