while the present invention is applicable to training athletes that start from a crouched position such as sprint racers , it can be used in training other athletes such as football players who should maintain a low or crouched position during their entire burst of competitive activity . the start of a sprint race is extremely important for the sprinter to set - up for a good and effective finish . the most efficient start for a sprinter requires that the sprinter come out of the starting blocks or starting position with his or her body and head down . this is known as the drive phase . the drive phase provides a sprinter with more power and keeps the sprinter from wasting strides during the race . after approximately 10 to 30 meters at the beginning of a sprint race it is important for the sprinter to make a transition from the drive phase to the running phase . the transition should be gradual with the head and body of the sprinter coming upright into the running phase after leaving the starting blocks . referring to fig1 one set of the apparatus ( devices ) of the present invention includes bases or base members 10 , 11 which support uprights 12 , 13 . the base members 10 , 11 can be made of any tubular material or any other material suitable to provide a secure foundation for positioning the uprights . in particular , the base members 10 , 11 can be made from various sections of pvc pipe . optionally base members 10 , 11 can be filled with sand or weighted to increase stability of the overall apparatus in windy conditions . base members 10 , 11 support upright members 12 , 13 in a generally vertical position . upright members 12 , 13 are constructed so that horizontal arms 14 , 15 can be positioned at various distances from the surface (. e . g . a running track ) supporting the base 10 . each of the arms 14 , 15 is covered with a padding or cushioning material or is itself made of a material that will maintain a horizontal position when in use but readily flex or move when contacted by the head of a sprinter . alternatively arms 14 , 15 can be hinged , using a spring loaded hinge , at the connection to the vertical or upright member 12 , 13 to swing out of the way if it is contacted by the user during a training exercise . the apparatus according to the present invention is conveniently constructed with vertical poles approximately 73 inches in height with a base 18 inches by 19 { fraction ( 1 / 2 )} inches and 26 inch length arms for vertical indicating devices . optionally a horizontal stabilizer 16 can be fastened to vertical poles 12 , 13 to enable each set of apparatus to resist movement under windy conditions . stabilizer ban 16 will be at a sufficient height , e . g . approximately 72 inches , to not interfere with the training function of the apparatus . referring to fig2 and fig3 the invention , in one aspect , pertains to utilizing at least three sets of the apparatus of fig1 positioned as shown when used to train a sprint runner . the first pair of apparatus 20 , 22 are positioned 18 inches in front of the sprinter when the sprinter is in a normal starting position i . e . using conventional starting blocks ( not shown ), as shown in fig4 . the height of the cross members 24 , 26 of the first pair of apparatus 20 , 22 , are adjusted so that the height is approximately 1 foot ( 12 inches ) above the pelvic position of the sprinter when in the starting position of fig4 or fig6 . the second pair of apparatus 30 , 32 ( fig4 , fig5 ) has the arms or cross members 34 , 36 positioned at a level that is equal to the mid pectoral muscles of the sprinter . the second pair of devices 30 , 32 are positioned 9 feet in front of the first pair of devices 20 , 22 . a third and final set ( fig5 ) of apparatus 40 , 42 having arms 44 , 46 is placed 15 feet in front of the second set of apparatus 30 , 32 . the arms 44 , 46 of the third pair of apparatus 40 , 42 are set at a height that is equal to the eye level of the sprinter being trained . referring back to fig1 each of the vertical supports 12 , 13 should be placed so that they are approximately six ( 6 ) inches on either side of the shoulders of the athlete being trained as the athlete moves through the various pairs of devices . setting the posts or vertical supports ( 12 , 13 ) of apparatus pairs 20 and 22 , 30 and 32 , and 40 and 42 about six inches on each side of the athletes shoulders and arms will prevent the athlete from having a wide arm swing during the sprint . referring to fig4 , 6 , 7 , 8 and 9 a sprinter moving from a starting position ( fig3 , fig6 ) will pass through the first set of the apparatus ( 20 , 22 ) without raising his or her body to touch the horizontal members ( 24 , 26 ) as shown in fig7 . as the sprinter moves through the second set of apparatus ( fig5 and 8 ) he or she will begin to raise up but pass through the apparatus pair 30 , 32 without excessive contact with arms 34 , 36 . as shown in fig9 the sprinter will increase the erectness of his or her body when passing the apparatus pair 40 , 42 , again without excessive contact with arms 44 , 46 . after passing through apparatus pair 40 , 42 the sprinter will assume full running posture . referring to fig5 illustrates that placement of the vertical supports approximately six inches on either side of the shoulders of the sprinter will prevent excessive arm swing . placing the devices as disclosed will enable the sprinter to transition from the drive phase to the running phase with a minimum number of strides thus increasing the sprinters overall speed and decreasing the elapsed time to complete the race . the apparatus of the present invention will prevent a sprinter from standing up when coming out of the starting blocks or from a starting position . the apparatus of the present invention will help the sprinter stay low during the drive phase of the race and prevent the sprinter from taking a wide first step and will enable a sprinter to control arm swing during the race . the present invention can also be used for other sports training , such as training athletes to stay in a crouched or a semi - crouched position while back pedaling or moving sideways . referring to fig1 a single set of the apparatus according to the invention can be used to train an athlete , e . g . a defensive back on a football team or a lineman on a football team , to stay low while coming out of a crouched position . in order to do so the apparatus is set so that the defensive back or the lineman can learn back pedaling in a crouched position by back pedaling through the apparatus as shown in fig1 . a set of the apparatus can be used as shown in fig1 to teach agilities for multi sport use . for example , using three of the devices of the present invention set at a constant height an individual such as shown in fig1 can practice shuffling or sideways movement in a crouched position to enhance their playing abilities . for example , basketball players can use these devices to practice a defensive shuffle . such devices can be set up on a basketball court as well as in outdoor areas such as shown in fig1 . fig1 show two of the devices according to the invention positioned so that an athlete can maintain the crouched position and move in other than a straight line . the devices set as shown in fig1 can train an athlete to back pedal , or break and change direction while keeping a in crouched position . fig1 show two of the devices according to the invention positioned so that an athlete can maintain a crouched position while moving forward and changing direction . fig1 further illustrates the starting position for training an athlete to maintain a crouched position while back pedaling through a series of the devices of the present invention set at a constant height . fig1 illustrates the finishing position for training an athlete to maintain a crouched position after back pedaling through a series of the devices of the present invention set at a constant height . constructing the devices of the present invention from materials such as pvc pipe with cushioning or flexible arms will prevent injury to the athlete or sprinter since they can either cushion contact or move out of the way quickly , thus providing immediate tactile indication if the sprinter or athlete being trained does not maintain the proper position during the training exercise . the apparatus according to the present invention can be used in various sports and in particular any sport that requires the athlete to stay low during an initial phase of the athletic endeavor . the apparatus according to the invention can be used in various ways to train athletes to run , change direction , back pedal or shuffle . for example , a set of the apparatus can be arranged in a t , c , or generally z shaped array to enable an athlete to stay in a crouched position to perform a forward run , change direction and shuffle , change direction and back pedal . another exercise can be back pedal , change direction , run , change direction and shuffle . the number of combinations is limited only by the needs and imagination of the user . the apparatus according to the invention can be conveniently referred to as low - drive acceleration training devices . a full set of devices according to the present invention can be conveniently referred to as low - drive acceleration training system . having thus described my invention what is desired to be secured by letters patent of the united states is set forth in the appending claims .
apparatus and method for , inter alia , training a sprinter to transition from a crouched starting position through a drive phase to a running phase . at least 3 height and width indicators are positioned in front of a sprinter at pre - set intervals with pre - determined height and with settings . the width and height settings are based upon certain anatomical features of the sprinter . positioning the height and width indicator should be at increasing heights approximately one foot , nine feet , and fifteen feet in front of the sprinter in a normal starting position . apparatus of the invention used in single sets or multiple sets at fixed height can be used to train athletes such as football and basketball players to back pedal or shuffle while maintaining a crouched posture .