an interstitial marker according to an embodiment of the present invention is formed by metal particles suspended in a fluid . preferably , the metal particles are of bismuth , gold or iridium . these metals are easily visible when viewed via mri ( magnetic resonance imaging ), pet ( positron emission tomography ), ct ( computerized tomography ), digital x - ray radiography , mammography , and ultrasound . bismuth subnitrate and bismuth subcarbonate are used extensively in medicine and have a long history of safety . of course , other metals or materials which would be visible using any desired technology could be used . when the interstitial marker is to be viewed with mri , materials other than metals are preferable . mri technology does not image gold well . it does , however , provide images of plastics and glass . therefore , particles of biocompatible plastics , such as high molecular weight polyethylene , or other materials visible using mri technology can be used for the interstitial marker . similarly , micro beads of glass could also be used . furthermore , multiple types of particles can be used with the interstitial marker . the types of particles can be selected for their imaging characteristics using different technologies . with multiple types of particles , the interstitial marker may be easily viewed with different imaging technologies . the metal or other particles are approximately 5 microns to 25 microns in diameter . in one embodiment of the invention , the particles have a diameter of 10 microns . of course , other dimensions could be used . smaller particles tend to be taken up by the tissue rather than remain in place . larger particles can cause clots in blood vessels . the particles may have uniform diameters , but need not be uniform . furthermore , the particles do not need to have uniform shapes . in the present invention , the metal particles are suspended in a fluid . preferably , the fluid is saline , dextrose solution , dimethly - silicone or other silicon based solution . of course , other fluids may be used . the fluid may provide additional benefits for viewing the interstitial marker with different imaging technologies . for example , the fluid may include vitamin e oil which is easily visible with mri technology . in one embodiment , a 5 % dextrose solution is used for the fluid . according to an embodiment of the invention , concentrations of approximately 1 to 2 grams of gold particles to a milliliter of fluid are used . similar concentrations of other metals may also be used , as well as different concentrations . an interstitial marker is created by injecting the suspension into the patient at the desired location . since the metal particles are small , a small gauge needle ( 29 gauge ) can be used , regardless of the desired marker size . the size of the marker is determined by the amount of suspension injected at a location . furthermore , the needle can be moved during the injection process to create different markers of various shapes and sizes . an added advantage of a liquid marker system is that the same micro needle can implant a marker in a fine or coarse line form , larger or smaller spheres attached to a line or any combination required by the user . the small gauge needle is easier to “ steer ” in tissue allowing for larger arches in the marker material creating a marker that has a better ability to create the three dimensional image when viewed to more accurately plan for patent treatment . the ability to use a small gauge needle is also beneficial to treatment of the patient . anesthesia is not required with the small gauge needle . this makes the procedure faster , less costly , and safer for the patient . the patient has less bleeding . also , the chances of allergic or adverse reactions are reduced . the use of a small gauge needle also allows interstitial markers to be placed at locations not previously possible . for example , the interstitial marker of the present invention can be injected into visceral and vascular areas which could be damaged by larger needles , such as the stomach , pancreas , lung and brain . fig1 is a perspective view of a standard needle 10 which can be used to create an interstitial marker according to an embodiment of the present invention . the needle 10 includes a small gauge needle 11 and a syringe 12 . according to embodiments of the invention , 21 or 29 gauge needles are used . of course , other size needles which can accommodate the metal particles could also be used . the metal suspension 20 is placed in the syringe . the needle 11 is inserted into the patient &# 39 ; s body so that the tip is at the desired location for the marker . imaging techniques can be used to accurately position the tip of the needle . the plunger 13 is pressed to inject the metal suspension 20 into the patient . the operator can move the tip of the needle to create an interstitial marker of a desired size and shape . fig2 illustrates another needle 110 for injecting the metal suspension 20 to create an interstitial marker according to another embodiment of the present invention . as in fig1 , the needle 110 includes a small gauge needle ( not shown ) and a syringe 112 . the plunger 113 includes a plurality of teeth 114 positioned on one or more sides . a set of drivers 130 include toothed wheels 131 to engage the teeth 114 of the plunger 113 . a motor ( not shown ) rotates the wheels 131 to depress the plunger 113 . with an appropriate motor , this embodiment allows accurate control of the amount of metal suspension 20 which is injected . fig3 a - 3g illustrate possible marker shapes . a large variety of shapes can be created . this allows optimal markers to be created for specific locations or needs . with the present invention , any shape or size marker can be created during the injection process . fig3 a illustrates a larger sphere 210 with narrow lines 220 on either side . a sphere 210 is created by injecting more of the metal suspension while moving the needle slowly . a narrow line 220 is created my injecting less of the suspension while moving the needle more quickly . empty spaces 230 can also be create by moving the needle without injecting any of the metal suspension . fig3 b illustrates forming multiple narrow lines 221 , 222 . the lines may be long 221 or short 222 , or various combinations thereof . fig3 c illustrates spheres of various sizes 210 , 211 connected with narrow lines 220 . fig3 d and 3e illustrate curved marker shapes . the curved lines may be thick 230 or thin 231 depending upon the rate of injection of the metal suspension relative to the speed of needle movement . fig3 f illustrates a complex marker shape which can be created in accordance with the present invention . alternatively , a simple set of spheres may be created , as illustrated in fig3 g . having disclosed at least one embodiment of the present invention , various adaptations , modifications , additions , and improvements will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art . such adaptations , modifications , additions and improvements are considered part of the invention which is only limited by the several claims attached hereto .
an interstitial marker for localization of organs , biopsy sites , tumors or tumor beds , is comprised of a fluid marker material which is visible under at least one imaging modality . the fluid marker material is injected at the desired location to create a marker having a desired size and configuration . the configuration includes combinations of straight and curved lines , spheres and blank spaces . the fluid marker material includes a high density metal such as bismuth , gold , or iridium suspended in a liquid , in colloidal form or made into a solution .