for purposes of the following description , the terms “ upper ”, “ lower ”, “ front ” and “ back ” and relative terms of similar reference shall refer to the orientation of the invention a shown in fig1 through 7 , except where expressly specified to the contrary . specific dimensions and other physical characteristics related to different embodiments are not to be considered as limiting unless the claims expressly state otherwise . fig1 illustrates an embodiment of the user releasable and adjustable blood pressure cuff according to the invention . the blood pressure cuff 10 includes an elongated flexible band 11 with inner and outer surface layers . the band 11 also has a plurality of air - impermeable compartments ( not shown ) between the inner and outer surface layers that can be connected to a pressurization source to allow the band 11 to be inflated prior to a blood pressure measurement . the elongated flexible band 11 is preferably formed of layers of a durable woven fabric such as nylon , and the air impermeable compartments located between the inner and outer layers are preferably retained in position by stitching . alternatively , other structures could be used to form the band 11 , such as fabricating the band 11 from rubber - impregnated fabrics , or from entirely non - woven resilient materials such as elastomers . the band 11 may also be fabricated as a single structure , with the air impermeable compartments formed within the band . still referring to fig1 the blood pressure cuff 10 further includes an outer housing 13 , and an inner housing 14 that are rotationally connected to allow ergonomic adjustment to the test subject . a swivel plate 15 , which is rotationally connected to the inner housing 14 , provides additional rotational flexibility . the rotational relationship between the outer cuff housing 13 , the inner cuff housing 14 and the swivel plate 15 will subsequently be described in greater detail in connection with other figures . the outer cuff housing 13 is a box like structure having top and bottom sides , and having a back side , which is preferably open . the back side of the outer cuff housing 13 is adapted to receive an inner cuff housing 14 , so that inner cuff housing 14 can be at least partially recessed within the outer cuff housing 13 . the inner cuff housing 14 is similarly a boxlike structure with top and bottom sides , an open front side ( not shown ) and a back side . when inner cuff housing 14 is recessed within outer cuff housing 13 , an enclosure is formed which contains internal elements of the apparatus , that will be discussed more fully in connection with a subsequent figure . with reference now to fig2 a first end of the band 11 is attached to the outer cuff housing 13 by metal retainer strips 23 which are held in place by screws . the other end of the band 11 is similarly attached by metal retainer strips 46 ( as best seen in fig4 ) to the cuff retainer 12 , to form the loop 19 . although the retainer strips 23 and 46 securely hold the ends of the band to the outer cuff housing 13 and the cuff retainer 12 by clamping means , other means for attaching the band 11 to the outer cuff housing 13 and to the cuff retainer 12 are possible . still referring to fig1 and 2 , the cuff retainer 12 is located on the top side of the outer cuff housing 13 and is held in a position adjoining outer housing 13 by a latching mechanism ( not shown ). when the cuff retainer 12 is latched to the top side of the outer cuff housing 13 , the loop 19 has a minimum circumferential length so that the band 11 forms a snug fit about the arm of the test subject . as shown in fig2 where the elongated flexible band 11 has been partially cut away , the cuff retainer 12 is free to translate away from the top of the outer cuff housing 13 when the cuff retainer 12 is released . as a result , the circumferential length of the loop 19 increases when the cuff retainer 12 is in the released state , which allows the test subject additional freedom of movement during withdrawal of the limb . referring now to fig2 and 4 , where the cuff retainer 12 is shown in the unlatched state , the cuff retainer is supported by a pair of support rods 22 securely attached to the under side of cuff retainer 12 . the support rods 22 slide through access holes 27 and through linear bearings 40 to restrict the cuff retainer 12 to vertical movement relative to the outer cuff housing 13 . the cuff retainer 12 further includes a release knob 17 , which allows manual release of the cuff retainer 12 from a latched condition when actuated . the release mechanism will be described in more detail in connection with subsequent figures . although the support rods 22 as shown in fig2 are securely attached to the cuff retainer 12 , other support rod configurations are possible . for example , the cuff retainer 12 may be supported by a single support rod , which has a longitudinal surface groove that engages a key in the outer cuff housing 13 to prevent rotation of the cuff retainer 12 relative to the outer cuff housing 13 when the cuff retainer 12 is released . alternatively , more than two support rods may also be used . still another configuration may be obtained when the support rods are securely attached to the outer cuff housing , with the cuff retainer 12 sliding along the stationary support rods when the cuff retainer is released . turning now to fig3 the rotational relationship between the outer cuff housing 13 and the inner cuff housing 14 and the swivel plate 15 will now be discussed . with the inner cuff housing 14 recessed into the outer cuff housing 13 , the inner cuff housing 14 and the outer cuff housing 13 are preferably connected by a pair of pivot screws 31 which are inserted through the top and bottom sides of the outer cuff housing 13 to engage threads in adjacent holes in the inner cuff housing 14 . rotational movement between the outer cuff housing 13 and inner cuff housing 14 about an axis 33 that projects through the centerline of the pivot screws 31 is thus attained . since the rotational axis 33 is shown at an intermediate position along the length of the outer cuff housing 13 , a clearance bevel 35 is formed in the outer cuff housing 13 to permit rotation of the outer cuff housing 13 about the axis 33 . the back side of the inner cuff housing 14 is connected to swivel base 15 by a screw 32 ( not shown ). the swivel plate 15 is a thin , flat member with attachment holes 35 to permit secure attachment to a fixed support . an access hole 30 is provided in the swivel base 15 to allow routing of electrical wiring and pneumatic tubing from an external monitoring device ( not shown ) into the interior of the enclosure formed by the outer cuff housing 13 and inner cuff housing 14 . the screw 32 permits rotational movement of the inner cuff housing 14 relative to the swivel plate 15 about an axis 34 , which is substantially perpendicular to the axis 33 . accordingly , rotational motion of the blood pressure cuff 10 about the mutually perpendicular axes 33 and 34 provides the blood pressure cuff 10 with an ergonomic adjustment feature that allows the blood pressure cuff 10 to be conveniently adjusted to the test subject &# 39 ; s body position when the upper arm of the test subject is inserted into the loop 19 . although the present embodiment preferably uses pivot screws 31 and a swivel plate 15 to attain rotational movement about the mutually perpendicular axes 33 and 34 , other equally feasible means are available for establishing these rotational relationships . for example , a hinge pin could be substituted for the pivot screws 31 to allow rotation of the outer cuff housing 13 about axis 33 . rotation of the inner cuff housing about axis 34 may also be obtained when the screw 32 is also used to in mount the blood pressure cuff 10 to a fixed support , thus eliminating the swivel plate 15 . internal components of the blood pressure apparatus 10 will now be described with reference to fig4 . in order to view these internal components , fig4 shows the blood pressure apparatus 10 with the inner cuff housing 14 and swivel plate 15 removed , and also shows the cuff retainer 12 in the unlatched state for clarity . fig4 shows pneumatic pressure relief components located within the blood pressure cuff 10 which allow pressurized air contained within the band 11 to be exhausted to the surroundings when the cuff retainer 12 is moved from the latched state to the released state . an electrical switch 26 , located within the housing 39 is connected by a wire 44 to an electrically actuated valve 41 , which is , in turn , connected to a source of electrical energy through wire 46 . when the cuff retainer 12 is moved from the latched state to the released state , the electrical switch 26 located in the housing 39 is moved to a relaxed state , which causes the electrically actuated valve 41 to open . pressurized air held within the band 11 is thus released from the band 11 through the flexible tube 42 , where it is exhausted to the surroundings through the valve 41 . actuation of the switch 26 may additionally be used to provide an indication to the monitoring station that the band 11 is snug about the arm of the test subject , and flexible band is ready to be inflated . alternative approaches may be used to release pressurized air within the band 11 when the cuff retainer 12 is unlatched . for example , a mechanical valve which is opened by a mechanical linkage attached to cuff retainer 12 may be substituted for the electrical components described above , thus eliminating the need for a source of electrical energy . further , where electrical components are used , alternative circuit designs are possible . for example , the electrical switch 26 may be of the normally closed , or normally open type . similarly , the electrically actuated valve 41 may be in the open state when electrical energy is applied , or when it is removed , depending on the configuration of the electric circuit . still referring to fig4 the latching mechanism will now be described . attached to cuff retainer 12 is a latching mechanism 45 with a spring - loaded pawl 47 . when the cuff retainer 12 is moved to the latched position ( as shown in fig1 ), the pawl 47 engages an aperture 25 to latch the cuff retainer 12 securely to the outer cuff housing 13 . when the pawl 47 is engaged with the aperture 25 , the latching mechanism 45 is concealed within a recess 24 ( best seen in fig2 ) in the linear bearing assembly 40 . when the latching mechanism 45 is concealed in the recess 24 , the latching mechanism 45 also engages and actuates the electrical switch 26 . alternatives to the mechanical latching mechanism 45 are available , and may be substituted for the mechanical device shown . for example , an electrically actuated latching device , such as a spring - loaded solenoid latch , may replace the mechanical latching mechanism 45 . still other means , such as pneumatic latching mechanisms , may also be used . fig5 ( a ) and ( b ) illustrate the operation of the blood pressure cuff 10 during a blood pressure measurement . as shown in fig5 ( a ), an upper arm 50 of a test subject is inserted into the circumferential loop formed by the band 11 , while the remainder of the arm rests on a supporting surface 52 . the cuff retainer 12 is also shown in the released state , with the support rods 22 fully extended from the outer cuff housing 13 . when the cuff retainer 12 is in the released state , the circumferential length of the loop 19 formed by the band 11 is increased by approximately a length 51 , which affords the test subject additional freedom of movement within the loop 19 . in preparation for the blood pressure determination , the test subject may adjust the orientation of the band 11 through manual manipulations about the two independent axes of rotation 33 and 34 to accommodate his body position . before a measurement can be made , the cuff retainer 12 must be moved to the latched condition , as shown in fig5 ( b ). at this point , the band 11 is held snugly about the upper arm 50 , and the electrical switch 26 ( not shown in fig5 ) has been actuated by the latching mechanism 45 ( also not shown in fig5 ) causing the electrically actuated valve 41 to close . upon commencement of the blood pressure measurement , the band 11 is inflated by a pneumatic source , which causes constriction of the blood flow in an artery within the upper arm 50 . when the flow is fully constricted , air is bled from the band 11 at a controlled rate , whereupon systolic and diastolic determinations are made by conventional means . at the conclusion of the measurement , the test subject actuates the release knob 17 to allow the cuff retainer 12 to move to the released state . since the electrical switch 26 is moved to the deactivated state when the cuff retainer 12 is released , the electrical switch 26 causes the electrically actuated valve 41 ( not shown in fig5 ) to depressurize the band 11 . if it is desired to terminate the blood pressure evaluation prior to completion , the test subject may actuate the release knob 17 at any time to simultaneously release the cuff retainer 12 and depressurize the band 11 . fig6 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention . in this embodiment , the cuff retainer 12 is allowed to translate along guide surfaces 51 in a direction 52 when cuff retainer 12 is in the released state in order to permit the test subject to remove his arm . the released state affords the test subject additional freedom of movement by increasing the circumferential length of the loop by a length 53 . as in the previous embodiment , release of the cuff retainer 12 will simultaneously deactivate an electrical switch ( not shown in fig6 ), or other similar means , to depressurize the band 11 . fig7 illustrates still another alternative embodiment of the invention . in this embodiment , the cuff retainer 12 coincides with the top surface of outer cuff housing 13 . actuation of release knob 17 allows a slidable member 71 to translate along guide surfaces 72 in a direction 73 in order to increase the circumferential length of the loop by a length 74 . as in the previous embodiments , actuation of the release knob 17 will simultaneously deactivate an electrical switch ( not shown in fig7 ), or other similar means , to depressurize the band 11 . the above description of illustrated embodiments of the invention is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed . while specific embodiments of , and examples of , the invention are described in the foregoing for illustrative purposes , various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope the invention , as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize . moreover , the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments . accordingly , the invention is not limited by the disclosure , but instead the scope of the invention is to be determined entirely by the following claims .
the present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for obtaining blood pressure measurements employing a user releasable and adjustable blood pressure cuff . in one aspect of the invention , the blood pressure cuff apparatus consists of a first cuff member connected to a mounting surface and rotatable about a first axis of rotation substantially perpendicular to the mounting surface . the first cuff member is connected to a second cuff member that is rotatable about a second axis of rotation that is substantially perpendicular to the first . a blood pressure cuff comprised of a loop adapted to receive the arm of a test subject is connected to the second cuff member . in another aspect of the invention , the elongated flexible band has a first end and a second end . the first end is connected to the second member of the cuff housing , and the second end is connected to a cuff retainer . the cuff retainer is releasibly latchable from the second member so that the elongated flexible band forms a loop to snugly fit the arm of the test subject with a first circumferential length when the cuff retainer is latched . when the cuff retainer is unlatched , the elongated flexible band forms a loop with a second circumferential length , which allows the arm of the test subject to be easily withdrawn .