as indicated in fig1 signal generator 9 provides an electrical output signal , and this electrical output signal is coupled through cable 11 , connector 13 , and active electrode 15 to soft tissue wound site 17 of patient 19 . as is conventional , a return electrode 21 engages a separate area of the patient spaced from the wound site , and a return path to generator 9 is provided through cable 23 . wound healing signal generator 9 provides an electrical output signal that is suitable for enhancing wound healing . generator 9 may be a known type , and may be , for example , a generator as described in u . s . pat . no . 4 , 895 , 154 ( bartelt et al .). for use as a wound treatment electrode , connector 13 transfers current into the electrode so that the current density remains substantially uniform . wound treatment is intended to enhance at least wound healing , but with a suitable electrical signal supplied by generator 9 , could also enhance edema reduction and / or provide pain suppression . in addition , connector 13 is configured to retard corrosion due to such factors as seepage of fluid from electrode 15 . active electrode 15 includes a disperser 25 that is preferably non - metallic and is formed at least in part by carbon . disperser 25 is now preferably a sheet that is configured to be highly conductive ( less than 4 ohms / square being preferred ) so that the current density under the electrode is essentially flat over substantially the entire surface of the sheet , provides a soft , flexible , moist , and conforming engagement with the wound to be treated , is biocompatible and rated for blood contact ( even with dc applied current ) with no ion migration , is sterilizable ( including gamma ray sterilization without causing chemical breakdown , unacceptable color change or loss of suppleness or strength ), does not undergo electrolysis so as to deposit metal ions or other toxic materials into the wound , and is relatively easy and inexpensive to manufacture . the foregoing is achieved with respect to electrode 15 by utilizing a multi - layer arrangement as shown in fig2 through 5 . as shown , an outer , or cover , layer 27 ( preferably an electrically non - conductive , apertured polyester , non - woven , fabric composition laminated to a white polyethylene thin film that is waterproof , and having an adhesive on one side ) has an aperture 29 formed , or cut , in the interior thereof ( and preferably centrally positioned within the cover layer ). the inner ( adhesive ) side of cover layer , or sheet , 27 engages one side of electrically conductive , disperser layer 25 . disperser 25 is now preferably a flexible , extruded carbon - containing silicone rubber sheet ( preferably 50 % carbon by weight ) having no metal oxides or fillers , although other dispersers might be utilized , including dispersers formed of woven graphite cloth . in addition , carbon fibers might also be utilized with the fibers woven of themselves and / or included in a woven or non - woven electrically non - conductive carrier material , with such fibers being pitch or pan ( polyacrylic nitrile ) carbon fibers chosen for their low electrical resistivity , nearly pure ( 99 %+) carbon composition , biocompatibility , low cost , and ease of manufacture . disperser 25 has fold - out connector tab 31 integrally formed as a part of the disperser , and tab 31 extends outwardly from a junction 33 formed with the remainder of disperser sheet 25 at the interior ( preferably central ) portion of the disperser layer ( to improve the uniformity of current distribution ). tab 31 is extendable through aperture 29 in cover layer 27 , with the aperture being preferably of substantially the same dimensions as is the tab ( to assure that the tab and aperture have the same dimensions , they may be cut at the same time when the electrode is made ). if carbon fibers can be utilized , a lead wire extending through aperture 29 in cover sheet 25 could be an extended carbon fiber . disperser 25 is thin ( preferably having a thickness of about 0 . 045 inches for a carbon - containing silicone rubber sheet ) and is flexible so that the disperser can be closely contoured to the wound . tab 31 preferably has holes , or apertures , 35 formed in the disperser tangent to the tops of the u - shaped tab so that the cut ends of the tabs are a radius contour rather than a sharp point where force can concentrate ( this has been found to reduce susceptibility of the tab to being severed from the remainder of the disperser layer and thus provides tab protection ). in addition , a reinforcing , or support , strip 37 ( preferably a layer of polyethylene tape although medical grade adhesive tape could also be used ) covers the entire u - shaped tab and the area immediately adjacent thereto at the side of disperser layer 25 opposite to that in engagement with cover layer 27 , and a film , or ribbon , 39 ( preferably a polyester film ) of the same size as tab 31 is positioned on tape strip 37 at the same side as is tab 31 . tape strip 37 absorbs force to also protect the tab against severance from the remainder of the disperser , and the tape strip and polyester ribbon provide a fluid seal at aperture 29 to prevent seepage of fluid from the electrode at the cover side ( this provides protection to the releasable connector ( also positioned at the cover side of the electrode ) from corrosion where saline solution , for example , is used in the electrode ). support strip 37 preferably covers only a small area relative to the size of the disperser since strip 37 is non - conductive , and ribbon segment 39 is preferably of the same size as the tab and is positioned in good alignment therewith . the ribbon segment prevents sticking of the tab to the tape strip . sponge - like material is now preferably used to retain saline solution to moisturize the wound to be treated . this may be implemented by using one layer or , more preferably , by using a pair of absorbant sponge - like layers , or sheets , 41 and 43 ( preferably gauze sponges , or pads , made from rayon polyester blend , although urethane foam might also be utilized ) to be filled , or saturated , with saline solution , with the layers positioned side - by - side in the electrode to provide a fluid retainer conductive medium ( electrically conductive hydrogel may also be utilized in some cases in lieu of a gauze sponge ). as shown , one side of layer 41 is in engagement with the side of disperser 25 opposite to the side in engagement with cover sheet 27 . a layer , or sheet , of wound contacting material ( preferably contact fabric ) 45 has one side in engagement with one side of sponge layer 43 . the other side of contact fabric 45 is directly engagable with the soft tissue wound to be treated , and contact fabric 45 therefore needs to be non - adherent to such a wound ( contact fabric 45 is preferably a wound dressing material such as described in u . s . pat . no . 4 , 638 , 796 ). where a sheet of electrically conductive hydrogel is utilized , this sheet , if substantially non - adhering to the wound , might be used , at least in some cases , as the wound contacting sheet and thereby eliminate the need for the gauze layer or layers . fabric cover layer 27 and wound contact layer 45 have substantially the same dimensions , and , as illustrated best in fig4 and 5 , are larger than disperser layer 25 and sponge layers 41 and 43 . as shown , the peripheries 47 and 49 of layers 27 and 45 , respectively , are sealed together ( by adhesive or heat sealing , for example ) to provide an envelope , or bag , having the dispersive layer and the sponge layers ( if utilized ) enclosed therein . outer cover sheet 27 and wound contact sheet 45 are preferably porous to the extent that the outer layer has the ability to pass water vapor into the air while retaining the fluid ( saline solution ) within the envelope , and the wound contact layer has the ability to pass fluid ( saline solution ) to the extent necessary to moisturize the wound . while not specifically shown , a removable release paper backing may be provided at the side of cover layer 27 opposite to the side engaging disperser layer 31 , and the entire assembled electrode may be stored , until use , in a container , such as a sealed paper container . the dimensions of the electrode may be varied , as needed , so long as the disperser and the fluid retainer / conductive medium are sufficiently small to be inserted into the envelope formed by the cover sheet and the wound contact sheet , with the portion of the disperser extending from the electrodes being configured to readily permit gripping by the releasable connector . by way of example , a cover sheet and a wound contact sheet of about 4 . 2 inches square , a disperser sheet of about 3 inches square , fluid retainers of about 3 . 2 and 3 . 5 inches square , a tab of about 0 . 48 inches in length and 0 . 56 inches width , a protector tab strip of about 1 inch in length and 0 . 75 inches in width , and a total thickness of the electrode of between about 0 . 25 inches to 0 . 50 inches , has proved to be an effective combination , utilizable in conjunction with a releasable clip of about 1 inch in length . releasable connector 13 , as shown in fig6 is preferably an alligator - type clip that readily allows clamping of the connector onto tab 31 . as shown , connector 13 includes two opposing segments , or arms , 51 and 53 , each of which includes a jaw portion 55 having a small ( preferably circular ) metal - toothed gripping portion 57 ( the metal teeth are preferably gold - plated to retard corrosion ), and a handle portion 59 . the segments are mounted for rotation with respect to one another about pin 61 so that jaw portions 55 oppose one another and are movable to bring the gripping portions 57 into and out of contact with one another as is common to an alligator - type clip . spring 63 is utilized at handle portions 59 to bias the jaw portions toward one another . connector 13 includes a housing preferably made of plastic material , except for the gripping portions and spring . cable 11 provides an electrical connection to connector 13 from generator 9 . cable 11 preferably includes a pair of leads 65 and 67 , with lead 65 providing current to jaw gripping portion 57 of connector segment 51 , and with lead 67 providing current to jaw gripping portion 57 of connector segment 59 , as indicated in fig6 . leads 65 and 67 are preferably kept completely insulated , insofar as is practical , and are connected to the toothed areas inside the plastic housing at the jaw portions to better provide insulation to the connecting wires . in this manner , the connector is minimally exposed to the danger of corrosion due to fluid escaping from the electrode and contact impedance is minimized . in addition , even though the spring is exposed to fluid from the electrode , the spring is not subject to electrically accelerated corrosion since the spring receives no treatment current ( the jaw gripping portions are directly connected to leads 65 and 67 ). connector 13 not only provides an effective and reliable connection to the connector tab of the electrode , but , in addition , provides a tool to facilitate handling of the electrode , and particularly for use in disposing of a used electrode . the electrode , after assembly ( and normally with no saline solution in the retainer pads if such pads are utilized ), is placed in a sealed package , gamma ray sterilized , and then stored until use . when needed , the package containing the electrode is opened , saline solution is added to the retainer pads ( if such pads have been utilized ), and the backing on the cover sheet is removed ( if such a backing has been used ). connector 13 is clamped onto the electrode tab 31 , making sure that the teeth of the jaws are firmly in engagement with the electrically conductive tab , the electrode is placed on the wound and retained thereon by use of paper tape , or the like , placed over the cover sheet and extending to skin contact beyond the wound to be treated . after placement of the electrode on the wound , treatment is commenced . after use of the electrode in treating a wound by application of an electrical signal through the connector and electrode to the wound , the connector may then be used as a tool to remove the used electrode from wound contact without requiring physical contact with the electrode . the electrode is intended for one - time temporary use ( the connector , on the other hand , is intended for continued use with other electrodes ), and the used electrode can be directly delivered by the connector to a disposal unit after use . to facilitate use of the releasable connector as a tool to dispose of a used electrode , the cable 11 may be disconnected from generator 9 ( cables 11 and 23 are normally connected with generator 9 through the use of pin - type plugs or the like ). at the disposal unit , the handle portions of the connector are moved toward one another to overcome the spring bias and move the connector jaws away from one another to release the electrode and allow deposit the electrode into the disposal unit . convenience in handling and disposing of the used electrode is therefore enhanced , with isolation of the electrode being maintained throughout disposal to thereby aid in protection of the person responsible for disposing of the electrode , as well as preventing the spread of wound bacteria and the like . in accordance with accepted treatment practice , and particularly where treating open wounds , it is to be realized that a person responsible for treatment and / or electrode disposal would be expected to take normal precautions , including , but not necessarily limited to , wearing protective gloves while contacting and / or handling the electrode and / or the connector , and , particularly , in contacting and / or handling the electrode and / or connector after use of the electrode . while a preferred embodiment is set forth herein , it is to be realized that elements of the embodiment as shown may be modified ( including , but not limited to , modifications as set forth herein ) without departing from the intended scope of this invention . as can be appreciated from the foregoing , this invention provides for improved wound treatment , including providing an improved electrode , combination and method for utilization .
a disposable wound treatment electrode is disclosed that is usable in combination with a releasable connector for enabling effective delivery of an electrical signal to a patient . the electrode and connector are configured so that the connector provides a readily accessible tool to facilitate disposal of the electrode after use , and a method of utilization for effecting this end is also disclosed . the electrode includes an electrically non - conductive cover sheet , an electrically conductive and preferably non - metallic disperser formed at least in part by carbon and having a portion , preferably integral with the remainder of the disperser , that extends through an aperture in the interior portion of the cover sheet , and a non - adhering wound contact sheet . in addition , protectors are provided for an integral portion of the disperser extending through the cover sheet , a retainer is provided to receive an electrically conductive skin moisturizer , and / or the peripheries of the cover sheet and the wound contact sheet are sealed together to form a closed envelope .