fig1 and 2 illustrate the external components of an exercise machine 10 providing upper and lower body exercise . exercise machine 10 includes an external body 12 which houses the kinematic elements of machine 10 . the lower body exercise is a cycling type exercise provided by pedals 22 and 24 . the upper body exercise is a reciprocating arm exercise provided by exercise arms 14 and 16 . an adjustable recumbent saddle 18 is mounted on a positioning track 20 to allow a user to adjust his position . recumbent saddle 18 supports body weight over a number of points and allows ease in mounting and dismounting exercise machine 10 . recumbent saddle 18 may be positioned with respect to pedals 22 and 24 so as to enhance pedaling efficiency and comfort as part of a cycling exercise . this allows the long - legged user to adjust the saddle position to maintain the same open hip posture and body angle with respect to the cycling action . starboard exercise arm 14 and port exercise arm 16 are disposed on opposite sides of exercise machine 10 substantially adjacent recumbent saddle 18 . starboard exercise arm 14 includes an arm extension 38 which may be adjusted in height by adjustment knob 34 . hand grip 40 is provided for gripping by the user . similarly , port exercise arm 16 includes a similar arm extension 36 . hand grip 42 for gripping by the user with his left hand is provided at the upper end of extension 36 . an adjustment knob 32 may be used to adjust the position of extension 36 . hand grips 40 and 42 can be rotated from positions at right angles to arms 14 and 16 to positions in line with arms 14 and 16 . rotation of hand grips 14 and 16 is used to elicit exercise of differing muscle groups . a display and control panel 28 is provided for easy access and viewing by a user while seated . user display and control panel 28 displays current exercise intensity level , proportion of a target intensity level being met , distribution of effort between the lower body and upper body , terrain profile of the cycle exercise for the lower body , estimated calories consumed and other information of interest to the user . panel 28 also provides directions for changing the exercise program through controls on the panel . exercise arms 16 is pivotally disposed on fulcrum 110 and exercise arm 14 is pivotally disposed on fulcrum 64 . exercise arms 14 and 16 are coaxial and allow reciprocating movement with resistance to movement in both directions . fig3 illustrates the kinematic elements of a prior art exercise machine described in u . s . patent application ser . no . 07 / 252 , 169 . the kinematic elements include cycling drive train 53 and exercise arm drive train 63 . exercise arm drive train 53 is mechanically coupled to two substantially identical reciprocating motion to rotational motion translation mechanisms , only one of which , translation mechanism 73 is shown . the description herein of translation mechanism 73 is exemplary of both translation mechanisms . a frame 30 supports the exercise device on a surface . cycling drive train 53 includes pedals 22 and 24 described above . pedal 22 is pivotally mounted on disc 26 , which is connected to drive crank set 50 . pedal 24 is similarly linked to drive crank set 50 . crank set 50 guides the user &# 39 ; s feet in a rotational direction to simulate bicycling . crank set 50 is trained with an intermediate reduction gear 54 by chain 52 . intermediate reduction gear 54 is trained with a final drive gear 58 by chain 56 . final drive gear 58 is mounted on the axle to drive generator 60 , which produces direct current electric power in response to movement of the cycling action . right translation mechanism 73 is disposed on the starboard side of frame 30 . mechanism 73 includes right exercise arm 14 , which is linked to right inboard lever arm 62 on fulcrum 64 providing a lever actuated by a user . lever arm 62 supports for reciprocating movement , an elongated clustered wheel carrier 92 . a tension spring 93 is linked between arm 62 and cluster wheel carrier 92 so as to pull cluster wheel carrier 92 toward vertical alignment with lever arm 62 . clustered wheel carrier 92 supports a pair of separated groups or clusters of sprockets 88 and 90 . one cluster is designated the primary cluster 88 and the other cluster is designated the complementary cluster 90 . the sprockets of clusters 88 and 90 comprise built - in one - way type clutches permitting rotation in one direction only . the three sprockets in each cluster are further disposed at the vertices of a regular triangle to engage a chain 82 on either side thereof . chain 82 trains drive gear 78 with idler gear 80 . the upper chain lead between idler 80 and drive gear 78 is termed primary lead 84 of chain 82 . primary lead 84 is laced through primary sprocket cluster 88 , passing under the two outboard sprockets and over the intermediary sprocket . the outboard sprockets are adapted to rotate freely clockwise . the intermediate sprocket rotates counterclockwise . thus chain 82 passes freely in the direction of primary lead 84 from idler 80 to drive gear 78 . the lower chain lead between drive gear 78 and idler 80 is termed the complementary chain lead 86 of chain 82 . complementary lead 86 is laced on complementary sprocket cluster 92 , passing over the outboard sprockets and under the intermediary sprocket . the outboard sprockets can rotate in the clockwise direction only , intermediary sprocket can rotate in the counterclockwise direction only . thus chain 82 passes through the cluster in the direction of complementary lead 86 only , that is , from drive gear 78 to idler 80 . reciprocating movement of cluster wheel carrier 92 , without regard to initial direction , results in movement in a single direction of chain 80 . movement of carrier 92 toward drive gear 78 is termed the primary cycle . as the movement of carrier 92 in the primary cycle matches the velocity of chain 82 in primary lead 84 , the sprockets of primary sprocket cluster 88 clutch and kinetic energy may be transferred through the sprockets to chain 82 . as the speed of carrier 92 in the complementary cycle matches the velocity of chain 82 in complementary lead 86 , the sprockets of complementary sprocket cluster 90 clutch and kinetic energy may be applied to chain 82 from lever arm 62 . movement of either sprocket against its respective lead results in the chain passing through the cluster without substantial hinderance . reciprocating movement of cluster carrier 92 results in counterclockwise rotation of drive gear 78 . this in turn puts drive train 63 into motion . drive gear 78 is coupled to rotate crank set 76 . a chain 74 trains crank set 76 to intermediate reduction gear 72 . intermediate reduction gear 72 is coupled to final drive pulley 68 by timing belt 70 . drive pulley 68 is linked to d . c . generator 66 . accordingly , as exercise arm 14 is pulled toward a user seated in saddle 18 , energy may be transferred from primary cluster 88 to chain 82 in primary lead 84 . as exercise arm 14 is pushed away from a user seated in saddle 18 , energy may be transferred from cluster set 90 to chain 82 in complementary lead 86 . in either event , energy is transferred from the user to drive generator 66 . recumbent saddle 18 is supported on a carriage 48 mounted on track 20 . the position of carriage 48 on track 20 is locked by mechanism 46 which may be released for movement by lever 44 . also shown are a variable resistor pack 94 and heat sink 96 , the operation of which is explained below . fig4 and 5 illustrate an improved translation mechanisms , embodied in each of two translation mechanisms 410 and 412 , for converting reciprocating motion to unidirectional rotation of a shaft 414 set for rotation in a frame 416 of an exercise machine 10 . the translation mechanism of the present invention may be directly substituted for the translation mechanism described above with reference to fig3 . translation mechanisms 410 and 412 include exercise arms 420 and 422 , respectively , which are pivotally mounted at a fulcrum 424 on frame 416 for independent movement . a user seated on saddle 18 can move either or both of arms 420 and 422 in reciprocating fashion . fulcrum 424 comprises a pair of sleeve bearings 426 and 428 which support exercise arms 420 and 422 along shafts 430 and 432 , respectively . shafts 430 and 432 extend through exterior shell 434 into the interior of exercise machine 10 . each shaft is rigidly connected to an arm , shaft 430 with arm 436 and shaft 432 with arm 438 . arms 436 and 438 are in turn rigidly connected to yokes 440 and 442 by suitable fasteners 441 and 443 . yokes 440 and 442 extend from the arms to areas adjacent shaft 414 and move in a reciprocating fashion with the arms . the path followed by connections 441 and 443 is arcuate , and accordingly , yokes 440 and 442 must have sufficient tolerance with respect to shaft 414 to accommodate some twisting of the yokes . connections 441 and 443 can be made pivoting if guides are provided yokes 440 and 442 . shaft 414 is mounted through a vertical pillar 418 of frame 416 . the shaft 414 has distinct shaft portions 415a , 415b , 415c , and 415d . four one way clutches 444 , 446 , 448 and 450 are mounted to shaft 414 . one way clutch 444 is mounted on the shaft 414 at shaft portion 415a ; one way clutch 446 is mounted on the shaft 414 at shaft portion 415b ; one way clutch 448 is mounted on the shaft 414 at shaft portion 415c ; and one way clutch 450 is mounted on the shaft 414 at shaft portion 415d . movement of yokes 440 and 442 is linked to shaft 414 through interaction of the one way clutches with geared racks 452 , 454 , 456 and 458 , respectively . racks 452 and 454 are affixed to opposite sides of yoke 440 and racks 456 and 458 are affixed to the opposite major surfaces of yoke 442 . any given one way clutch locks onto shaft 414 with movement of its respective rack in the appropriate direction at a rate of speed sufficiently fast to overtake shaft 414 . otherwise the one way clutch freewheels . both rack and one way clutch have geared surfaces for nonslip contact with one another . a sprocket 460 is rigidly mounted to shaft 414 for engaging a drive belt 462 to drive a generator ( shown in fig3 ). where one of one way clutches 444 , 446 , 448 and 450 freewheels during transmission of power to shaft 414 by another of the one way clutches , the freewheeling one clutch associated with the power transmitting clutch is pressed onto shaft 414 counterbalancing separating force generated between a rack and the power transmitting one way clutch . associated pairs of clutches are the pair of clutches including clutches 444 and 446 , and the pair of clutches 448 and 450 . associated pairs of clutches are the pair of clutches which engage the two racks of a yoke . fig6 and 7 illustrate a second embodiment of the improved translation mechanism , utilized in each of two translation mechanisms 610 and 612 . translation mechanisms 610 and 612 convert reciprocating motion to unidirectional rotation of a shaft 614 set for rotation in a frame 616 of an exercise machine 10 . translation mechanisms 610 and 612 include exercise arms 620 and 622 , respectively , which are pivotally mounted on a fulcrum 624 on frame 616 for independent movement . a user seated on saddle 18 can move either or both of arms 620 and 622 in reciprocating fashion . fulcrum 624 comprises a pair of sleeve bearings 628 and 626 which support exercise arms 620 and 622 along shafts 630 and 632 , respectively . shafts 630 and 632 extend through exterior shell 634 into the interior of exercise machine 10 . each shaft is rigidly connected to an arm , shaft 630 with arm 636 and shaft 632 with arm 638 . arms 636 and 638 are in turn rigidly connected to two racks . arm 636 supports racks 652 and 654 at fastener 653 . arm 638 supports racks 656 and 658 at fastener 657 . racks 652 , 654 , 656 and 658 extend from arms 636 and 638 to areas adjacent shaft 614 and move in a reciprocating fashion with the arms . pairs of racks , e . g . racks 652 and 654 , are held parallel with respect to one another , e . g . by strut 693 between racks 652 and 654 . shaft 614 is mounted through a vertical pillar 618 of frame 616 . four one way clutches 644 , 646 , 648 and 650 are mounted to shaft 614 . racks 652 , 654 , 656 and 658 are linked to shaft 614 through one way clutches 644 , 646 , 648 and 650 , respectively . racks and one way clutches are geared for nonslip connection . racks 652 and 654 are mounted to opposite sides of arm 636 and racks 656 and 658 are mounted to opposite sides of arm 638 . any given one way clutch locks onto shaft 614 with movement of its respective rack in the appropriate direction at a rate of speed sufficiently fast to overtake shaft 614 in the predetermined direction of rotation . otherwise the one way clutch freewheels . a sprocket 660 is rigidly mounted to shaft 614 for engaging a drive belt 662 to drive a generator ( shown in fig3 ). separating force generated between a rack and the power transmitting one way clutch is counterbalanced by idler wheels 670 , 672 , 674 and 676 which are supported to rotate against racks 652 , 654 , 656 and 658 , respectively . fig8 illustrates the electrical system of exercise machine 10 in which translation mechanisms of the present invention are advantageously employed . dc generators 60 and 66 are coupled to tachometers 118 and 116 respectively . measurements there from are transmitted to a microcomputer 120 housed in display panel 28 . dc generators 60 and 66 are connected across a variable resistor pack 94 which applies selected loads independently to generators 60 and 66 at the direction of microcomputer 120 . heat produced in variable resistor pack 94 is dissipated through a heat sink 96 . microcomputer 120 provides control signals to variable resistor pack 94 to vary the instantaneous resistance shown in generators 60 and 66 . resistances may be varied to determine the total load and the variability of the load to provide simulated terrain profiling . microcomputer 120 is also coupled to generators 60 and 66 through a power supply 122 and derives all power for its operation by actuation of generators 60 and 66 . this allows elimination of a battery from within the exercise device or for any need to connect the device to an external power source . microcomputer 120 drives user display 28 and receives control inputs from display 28 to determine the program it will operate . fig9 illustrates a positionable grip 40 mounted on exercise arm 14 . upon release of lever 42 , grip 40 may freely be positioned at any point along a 270 degree arc , 135 degrees in each direction from the vertical , and locked into a selected position by closure of lever 42 . a hirth coupling may advantageously be employed for this purpose . although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments , workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention .
the apparatus converts reciprocating motion of a rowing type exercise into single direction rotational motion of a shaft in a predetermined direction . a reciprocable arm of a rowing type exercise is pivotally mounted to a frame . a shaft , set for rotation in the frame has first and second one way clutches . first and second racks are mounted with respect to the reciprocable arm and engage one or the other of the one way clutches for driving the shaft in a predetermined direction of rotation as the arms are reciprocated . one or the other clutches freewheels against its respective rack when one of the racks is moved in to drive the shaft and thereby retains the driving rack in engagement with its respective one way clutch .