reference is now made to fig1 , which shows an embodiment of a shunt deployment device 100 according to the invention . while fig1 shows a handheld manually operated shunt deployment device , it will be appreciated that devices of the invention may be coupled with robotic systems and may be completely or partially automated . as shown in fig1 , deployment device 100 includes a generally cylindrical body or housing 101 ; however , the body shape of housing 101 could be other than cylindrical . housing 101 may have an ergonomical shape , allowing for comfortable grasping by an operator . housing 101 is shown with optional grooves 102 to allow for easier gripping by a surgeon . housing 101 is shown having a larger proximal portion that tapers to a distal portion . the distal portion includes a hollow sleeve 105 . the hollow sleeve 105 is configured for insertion into an eye and to extend into an anterior chamber of an eye . the hollow sleeve is visible within an anterior chamber of an eye . the sleeve 105 provides a visual preview for an operator as to placement of the proximal portion of the shunt within the anterior chamber of an eye . additionally , the sleeve 105 provides a visual reference point that may be used by an operator to hold device 100 steady during the shunt deployment process , thereby assuring optimal longitudinal placement of the shunt within the eye . the sleeve 105 may include an edge 131 at a distal end that provides resistance feedback to an operator upon insertion of the deployment device 100 within an eye of a person . upon advancement of the device 100 across an anterior chamber of the eye , the hollow sleeve 105 will eventually contact the sclera 134 , providing resistance feedback to an operator that no further advancement of the device 100 is necessary . the edge 131 of the sleeve 105 prevents the shaft 104 from accidentally being pushed too far through the sclera . a temporary guard 108 is configured to fit around sleeve 105 and extend beyond an end of sleeve 105 . the guard is used during shipping of the device and protects an operator from a distal end of a hollow shaft 104 that extends beyond the end of the sleeve 105 . the guard is removed prior to use of the device . housing 101 is open at its proximal end , such that a portion of a deployment mechanism 103 may extend from the proximal end of the housing 101 . a distal end of housing 101 is also open such that at least a portion of a hollow shaft 104 may extend through and beyond the distal end of the housing 101 . housing 101 further includes a slot 106 through which an operator , such as a surgeon , using the device 100 may view an indicator 107 on the deployment mechanism 103 . housing 101 may be made of any material that is suitable for use in medical devices . for example , housing 101 may be made of a lightweight aluminum or a biocompatible plastic material . examples of such suitable plastic materials include polycarbonate and other polymeric resins such as delrin and ultem . in certain embodiments , housing 101 is made of a material that may be autoclaved , and thus allow for housing 101 to be re - usable . alternatively , device 100 may be sold as a one - time - use device , and thus the material of the housing does not need to be a material that is autoclavable . housing 101 may be made of multiple components that connect together to form the housing . fig2 shows an exploded view of deployment device 100 . in this figure , housing 101 , is shown having three components 101 a , 101 b , and 101 c . the components are designed to screw together to form housing 101 . fig2 also shows deployment mechanism 103 . the housing 101 is designed such that deployment mechanism 103 fits within assembled housing 101 . housing 101 is designed such that components of deployment mechanism 103 are movable within housing 101 . fig3 a - 3d show different enlarged views of the deployment mechanism 103 . deployment mechanism 103 may be made of any material that is suitable for use in medical devices . for example , deployment mechanism 103 may be made of a lightweight aluminum or or a biocompatible plastic material . examples of such suitable plastic materials include polycarbonate and other polymeric resins such as delrin and ultem . in certain embodiments , deployment mechanism 103 is made of a material that may be autoclaved , and thus allow for deployment mechanism 103 to be re - usable . alternatively , device 100 may be sold as a one - time - use device , and thus the material of the deployment mechanism does not need to be a material that is autoclavable . deployment mechanism 103 includes a distal portion 109 and a proximal portion 110 . the deployment mechanism 103 is configured such that distal portion 109 is movable within proximal portion 110 . more particularly , distal portion 109 is capable of partially retracting to within proximal portion 110 . in this embodiment , the distal portion 109 is shown to taper to a connection with a hollow shaft 104 . this embodiment is illustrated such that the connection between the hollow shaft 104 and the distal portion 109 of the deployment mechanism 103 occurs inside the housing 101 . in other embodiments , the connection between hollow shaft 104 and the proximal portion 109 of the deployment mechanism 103 may occur outside of the housing 101 . hollow shaft 104 may be removable from the distal portion 109 of the deployment mechanism 103 . alternatively , the hollow shaft 104 may be permanently coupled to the distal portion 109 of the deployment mechanism 103 . generally , hollow shaft 104 is configured to hold an intraocular shunt 115 . an exemplary intraocular shunt 115 is shown in fig1 . other exemplary intraocular shunts are shown in yu et al . ( u . s . patent application no . 2008 / 0108933 ). generally , in one embodiment , intraocular shunts are of a cylindrical shape and have an outside cylindrical wall and a hollow interior . the shunt may have an inner diameter of approximately 50 μm to approximately 250 μm , an outside diameter of approximately 190 μm to approximately 300 μm , and a length of approximately 0 . 5 mm to about 20 mm . thus , hollow shaft 104 is configured to at least hold a shunt of such shape and such dimensions . however , hollow shaft 104 may be configured to hold shunts of different shapes and different dimensions than those described above , and the invention encompasses a shaft 104 that may be configured to hold any shaped or dimensioned intraocular shunt . in particular embodiments , the shaft has an inner diameter of approximately 200 μm to approximately 400 μm . the shaft 104 may be any length . a usable length of the shaft may be anywhere from about 5 mm to about 40 mm , and is 15 mm in certain embodiments . in certain embodiments , the shaft is straight . in other embodiments , shaft is of a shape other than straight , for example a shaft having a bend along its length or a shaft having an arcuate portion . exemplary shaped shafts are shown for example in yu et al . ( u . s . patent application no . 2008 / 0108933 ). in particular embodiments , the shaft includes a bend at a distal portion of the shaft . in other embodiments , a distal end of the shaft 104 is beveled or is sharpened to a point to assist in piercing the sclera and advancing the distal end of the shaft 104 through the sclera . in particular embodiments , the distal end of the shaft 104 has a double bevel . the double bevel provides an angle at the distal end of the shaft 104 such that upon entry of the shaft into intra - tenon &# 39 ; s space , the distal end of shaft 104 will by parallel with tenon &# 39 ; s capsule and will thus not pierce tenon &# 39 ; s capsule and enter the subconjunctival space . this ensures proper deployment of the shunt such that a distal end of the shunt 115 is deployed within the intra - tenon &# 39 ; s space , rather than deployment of the distal end of the shunt 115 within the subconjunctival space . changing the angle of the bevel allows for placement of shunt 115 within other areas of lower pressure than the anterior chamber , such as the subconjunctival space . it will be understood that implanting into intra - tenon &# 39 ; s space merely one embodiment of where shunt 115 may be placed within the eye , and that devices of the invention are not limited to placing shunts within intra - tenon &# 39 ; s space and may be used to place shunts into many other areas of the eye , such as schlemm &# 39 ; s canal , the subconjunctival space , the episcleral vein , or the suprachoroidal space . the shaft 104 may hold the shunt at least partially within the hollow interior of the shaft 104 . in other embodiments , the shunt is held completely within the hollow interior of the shaft 104 . alternatively , the hollow shaft may hold the shunt on an outer surface of the shaft 104 . in particular embodiments , the shunt is held within the hollow interior of the shaft 104 . in certain embodiments , the hollow shaft is a needle having a hollow interior . needles that are configured to hold an intraocular shunt are commercially available from terumo medical corp . ( elkington , md .). a proximal portion of the deployment mechanism includes optional grooves 116 to allow for easier gripping by an operator for easier rotation of the deployment mechanism , which will be discussed in more detail below . the proximal portion 110 of the deployment mechanism also includes at least one indicator that provides feedback to an operator as to the state of the deployment mechanism . the indicator may be any type of indicator known in the art , for example a visual indicator , an audio indicator , or a tactile indicator . fig3 a shows a deployment mechanism having two indicators , a ready indicator 111 and a deployed indicator 119 . ready indicator 111 provides feedback to an operator that the deployment mechanism is in a configuration for deployment of an intraocular shunt from the deployment device 100 . the indicator 111 is shown in this embodiment as a green oval having a triangle within the oval . deployed indicator 119 provides feedback to the operator that the deployment mechanism has been fully engaged and has deployed the shunt from the deployment device 100 . the deployed indicator 119 is shown in this embodiment as a yellow oval having a black square within the oval . the indicators are located on the deployment mechanism such that when assembled , the indicators 111 and 119 may be seen through slot 106 in housing 101 . the proximal portion 110 includes a stationary portion 110 b and a rotating portion 110 a . the proximal portion 110 includes a channel 112 that runs part of the length of stationary portion 110 b and the entire length of rotating portion 110 a . the channel 112 is configured to interact with a protrusion 117 on an interior portion of housing component 101 a ( fig4 a and 4b ). during assembly , the protrusion 117 on housing component 101 a is aligned with channel 112 on the stationary portion 110 b and rotating portion 110 a of the deployment mechanism 103 . the proximal portion 110 of deployment mechanism 103 is slid within housing component 101 a until the protrusion 117 sits within stationary portion 110 b ( fig4 c ). assembled , the protrusion 117 interacts with the stationary portion 110 b of the deployment mechanism 103 and prevents rotation of stationary portion 110 b . in this configuration , rotating portion 110 a is free to rotate within housing component 101 a . referring back to fig3 a - 3d , the rotating portion 110 a of proximal portion 110 of deployment mechanism 103 also includes channels 113 a , 113 b , and 113 c . channel 113 a includes a first portion 113 a 1 that is straight and runs perpendicular to the length of the rotating portion 110 a , and a second portion 113 a 2 that runs diagonally along the length of rotating portion 110 a , downwardly toward a proximal end of the deployment mechanism 103 . channel 113 b includes a first portion 113 b 1 that runs diagonally along the length of the rotating portion 110 a , downwardly toward a distal end of the deployment mechanism 103 , and a second portion that is straight and runs perpendicular to the length of the rotating portion 110 a . the point at which first portion 113 a 1 transitions to second portion 113 a 2 along channel 113 a , is the same as the point at which first portion 113 b 1 transitions to second portion 113 b 2 along channel 113 b . channel 113 c is straight and runs perpendicular to the length of the rotating portion 110 a . within each of channels 113 a , 113 b , and 113 c , sit members 114 a , 114 b , and 114 c respectively . members 114 a , 114 b , and 114 c are movable within channels 113 a , 113 b , and 113 c . members 114 a , 114 b , and 114 c also act as stoppers that limit movement of rotating portion 110 a , which thereby limits axial movement of the shaft 104 . fig5 shows a cross - sectional view of deployment mechanism 103 . member 114 a is connected to the distal portion 109 of the deployment mechanism 103 . movement of member 114 a results in retraction of the distal portion 109 of the deployment mechanism 103 to within the proximal portion 110 of the deployment mechanism 103 . member 114 b is connected to a pusher component 118 . the pusher component 118 extends through the distal portion 109 of the deployment mechanism 103 and extends into a portion of hollow shaft 104 . the pusher component is involved in deployment of a shunt from the hollow shaft 104 . an exemplary pusher component is a plunger . movement of member 114 b engages pusher 118 and results in pusher 118 advancing within hollow shaft 104 . reference is now made to fig6 a - 8d , which accompany the following discussion regarding deployment of a shunt 115 from deployment device 100 . fig6 a shows deployment device 100 is a pre - deployment configuration . in this configuration , shunt 115 is loaded within hollow shaft 104 ( fig6 c ). as shown in fig6 c , shunt 115 is only partially within shaft 104 , such that a portion of the shunt is exposed . however , the shunt 115 does not extend beyond the end of the shaft 104 . in other embodiments , the shunt 115 is completely disposed within hollow shaft 104 . the shunt 115 is loaded into hollow shaft 104 such that the shunt abuts pusher component 118 within hollow shaft 104 . a distal end of shaft 104 is beveled to assist in piercing tissue of the eye . additionally , in the pre - deployment configuration , a portion of the shaft 104 extends beyond the sleeve 105 ( fig6 c ). the deployment mechanism is configured such that member 114 a abuts a distal end of the first portion 113 a 1 of channel 113 a , and member 114 b abut a proximal end of the first portion 113 b 1 of channel 113 b ( fig6 b ). in this configuration , the ready indicator 111 is visible through slot 106 of the housing 101 , providing feedback to an operator that the deployment mechanism is in a configuration for deployment of an intraocular shunt from the deployment device 100 ( fig6 a ). in this configuration , the device 100 is ready for insertion into an eye ( insertion configuration or pre - deployment configuration ). methods for inserting and implanting shunts are discussed in further detail below . once the device has been inserted into the eye and advanced to a location to where the shunt will be deployed , the shunt 115 may be deployed from the device 100 . the deployment mechanism 103 is a two - stage system . the first stage is engagement of the pusher component 118 and the second stage is retraction of the distal portion 109 to within the proximal portion 110 of the deployment mechanism 103 . rotation of the rotating portion 110 a of the proximal portion 110 of the deployment mechanism 103 sequentially engages the pusher component and then the retraction component . in the first stage of shunt deployment , the pusher component is engaged and the pusher partially deploys the shunt from the deployment device . during the first stage , rotating portion 110 a of the proximal portion 110 of the deployment mechanism 103 is rotated , resulting in movement of members 114 a and 114 b along first portions 113 a 1 and 113 b 1 in channels 113 a and 113 b . since the first portion 113 a 1 of channel 113 a is straight and runs perpendicular to the length of the rotating portion 110 a , rotation of rotating portion 110 a does not cause axial movement of member 114 a . without axial movement of member 114 a , there is no retraction of the distal portion 109 to within the proximal portion 110 of the deployment mechanism 103 . since the first portion 113 b 1 of channel 113 b runs diagonally along the length of the rotating portion 110 a , upwardly toward a distal end of the deployment mechanism 103 , rotation of rotating portion 110 a causes axial movement of member 114 b toward a distal end of the device . axial movement of member 114 b toward a distal end of the device results in forward advancement of the pusher component 118 within the hollow shaft 104 . such movement of pusher component 118 results in partially deployment of the shunt 115 from the shaft 104 . fig7 a - 7c show schematics of the deployment mechanism at the end of the first stage of deployment of the shunt from the deployment device . as is shown fig7 a , members 114 a and 114 b have finished traversing along first portions 113 a 1 and 113 b 1 of channels 113 a and 113 b . additionally , pusher component 118 has advanced within hollow shaft 104 ( fig7 b ), and shunt 115 has been partially deployed from the hollow shaft 104 ( fig7 c ). as is shown in these figures , a portion of the shunt 115 extends beyond an end of the shaft 104 . in the second stage of shunt deployment , the retraction component is engaged and the distal portion of the deployment mechanism is retracted to within the proximal portion of the deployment mechanism , thereby completing deployment of the shunt from the deployment device . during the second stage , rotating portion 110 a of the proximal portion 110 of the deployment mechanism 103 is further rotated , resulting in movement of members 114 a and 114 b along second portions 113 a 2 and 113 b 2 in channels 113 a and 113 b . since the second portion 113 b 2 of channel 113 b is straight and runs perpendicular to the length of the rotating portion 110 a , rotation of rotating portion 110 a does not cause axial movement of member 114 b . without axial movement of member 114 b , there is no further advancement of pusher 118 . since the second portion 113 a 2 of channel 113 a runs diagonally along the length of the rotating portion 110 a , downwardly toward a proximal end of the deployment mechanism 103 , rotation of rotating portion 110 a causes axial movement of member 114 a toward a proximal end of the device . axial movement of member 114 a toward a proximal end of the device results in retraction of the distal portion 109 to within the proximal portion 110 of the deployment mechanism 103 . retraction of the distal portion 109 , results in retraction of the hollow shaft 104 . since the shunt 115 abuts the pusher component 118 , the shunt remains stationary as the hollow shaft 104 retracts from around the shunt 115 ( fig8 c ). the shaft 104 retracts almost completely to within the sleeve 105 . during both stages of the deployment process , the sleeve 105 remains stationary and in a fixed position . fig8 a shows a schematic of the device 100 after deployment of the shunt 115 from the device 100 . fig8 b shows a schematic of the deployment mechanism at the end of the second stage of deployment of the shunt from the deployment device . as is shown in fig8 b , members 114 a and 114 b have finished traversing along second portions 113 a 2 and 113 b 2 of channels 113 a and 113 b . additionally , distal portion 109 has retracted to within proximal portion 110 , thus resulting in retraction of the hollow shaft 104 to within the sleeve 105 . fig8 d shows an enlarged view of the distal portion of the deployment device after deployment of the shunt . this figure shows that the hollow shaft 104 is not fully retracted to within the sleeve 105 of the deployment device 100 . however , in certain embodiments , the shaft 104 may completely retract to within the sleeve 105 . referring to fig8 a , in the post - deployment configuration , the deployed indicator 119 is visible through slot 106 of the housing 101 , providing feedback to the operator that the deployment mechanism has been fully engaged and that the shunt 115 has been deployed from the deployment device 100 . any of a variety of methods known in the art may be used to insert devices of the invention into an eye . in certain embodiments , devices of the invention may be inserted into the eye using an ab externo approach ( entering through the conjunctiva ) or an ab interno approach ( entering through the cornea ). in certain embodiments , devices of the invention are inserted into the eye using an ab interno approach . ab interno approaches for implanting an intraocular shunt are shown for example in yu et al . ( u . s . pat . no . 6 , 544 , 249 and u . s . patent application no . 2008 / 0108933 ) and prywes ( u . s . pat . no . 6 , 007 , 511 ), the content of each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety . devices of the invention may be inserted into the eye to deploy shunts that create fluid drainage passageways from the anterior chamber of the eye to various drainage structures of the eye . exemplary drainage structures include schlemm &# 39 ; s canal , the subconjunctival space , the episcleral vein , the suprachoroidal space , or the intra - tenon &# 39 ; s space . in certain embodiments , fluid is drained to the subarachnoid space . in particular embodiments , devices of the invention are inserted into the eye to deploy shunts that create fluid drainage passageways from the anterior chamber to the intra - tenon &# 39 ; s space . within an eye , there is a membrane known as the conjunctiva , and the region below the conjunctiva is known as the subconjunctival space . within the subconjunctival space is a membrane known as tenon &# 39 ; s capsule . below tenon &# 39 ; s capsule there are tenon &# 39 ; s adhesions that connect the tenon &# 39 ; s capsule to the sclera . the space between tenon &# 39 ; s capsule and the sclera where the tenon &# 39 ; s adhesions connect the tenon &# 39 ; s capsule to the sclera is known as the intra - tenon &# 39 ; s space . fig9 a - 9b show an intraocular shunt placed into the eye using devices of the invention such that the shunt forms a passage for fluid drainage from the anterior chamber to the intra - tenon &# 39 ; s space . to place the shunt within the eye , a surgical intervention to implant the shunt is performed that involves inserting into the eye 202 a deployment device 200 that holds an intraocular shunt 201 , and deploying at least a portion of the shunt 201 within intra - tenon &# 39 ; s space 208 , within the subconjunctival space 209 and below the conjunctiva 210 . in certain embodiments , a hollow shaft 206 of a deployment device 200 holding the shunt 201 enters the eye 202 through the cornea 203 ( ab interno approach ). the shaft 206 is advanced across the anterior chamber 204 ( as depicted by the broken line ) in what is referred to as a transpupil implant insertion . the shaft 206 is advanced through the sclera 205 until a distal portion of the shaft 206 is in proximity to tenon &# 39 ; s capsule 207 . once a distal portion of the hollow shaft 206 is within the intra - tenon &# 39 ; s space 208 , the shunt 201 is then deployed from the shaft 206 of the deployment device 200 , producing a conduit between the anterior chamber 204 and the intra - tenon &# 39 ; s space 208 to allow aqueous humor to drain from the anterior chamber 204 ( see fig9 a and 9b ). as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art , individual features of the invention may be used separately or in any combination . particularly , it is contemplated that one or more features of the individually described above embodiments may be combined into a single shunt . references and citations to other documents , such as patents , patent applications , patent publications , journals , books , papers , web contents , have been made throughout this disclosure . all such documents are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes . the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof . the foregoing embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects illustrative rather than limiting on the invention described herein .
an intraocular shunt deployment device can release an intraocular shunt into an eye using a deployment mechanism that coordinates action between a pusher component , a shaft component , and a housing of the device . the deployment mechanism causes axial movement of the components in response to a rotational input force .