preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail hereinbelow , with reference to the drawings . according to the present invention , a probe is put in contact with the skin to be treated ( e . g ., so as to remove spider veins or brown spots or port wine stains from the skin surface , for example ). in a first embodiment of the invention , as seen in fig1 the probe 100 is . v - shaped and is preferably made from polycarbonate . however , other types of plastic materials or glass or suitable insulating material may be used for the probe 100 . referring now to fig1 and 2 , a first upper end of the v - shaped probe 100 is connected to a vacuum suction pipe 210 , and a second upper end of the v - shaped probe 100 is connected to a coaxial cable 220 . the coupling of the vacuum suction pipe 210 to the first upper end of the probe 100 and the coupling of the coaxial cable 220 to the second upper end of the probe 100 are air - tight couplings . that way , a vacuum can be formed within the probe 100 . the bottom end of the v - shaped probe 100 has an opening that is to be placed in direct contact with a portion of the skin to be treated ( shown as cross - hatched area 107 in fig1 ), to provide an air - tight coupling of the opening against the skin surface . the opening of the probe 100 preferably has a smooth round edge in order to assure a tight coupling with the skin and to avoid vacuum leakage . the opening is preferably round in shape , but any other shape can be used . in the first embodiment , the opening has a diameter of 8 millimeters , but other sizes may be utilized while remaining within the scope of the invention . for example , a larger diameter opening may be used by increasing the stroke of the vacuum pump 230 , the diameter of the suction pipe and the power of the radio frequency generator 240 . the power of the radio frequency generator 240 should be increased linearly with the increase of the surface covered by the glow discharge , in order to obtain substantially the sa me temperature on the skin . the first upper end of the v - shaped probe 100 is connected to the coaxial cable 220 by way of a glass insulator 180 fed through to the probe 100 . the glass insulator 180 covers one end of the coaxial cable 220 that is coupled to the probe 100 . a copper wire 152 is incased within the glass insulator 480 , and is preferably welded to a terminal end of an inner wire of the coaxial cable 220 . in case of feeding of gas , as in the second embodiment to be described later , the upper part of the probe is modified in order to enable a flow of gas between the copper wire and the glass insulator . glass is used instead of plastic for the wire insulator within the probe , due to the high temperature that the electrode reaches during the operation of the probe for treating a patient &# 39 ; s skin . other materials , such as ceramic , could be used as well . a suitable glue 133 is used in order to assure that the vacuum is tight and that no leaks occur between the copper wire 152 and the glass insulator 180 at the top portion of the probe 100 in the view of fig1 ). in the first embodiment , an electrode 170 is formed at a distal end of the copper wire 152 , where the copper wire is wound by several turns with a diameter of about 1 millimeter for each of the turns , thereby forming the electrode 170 . for example , five turns are used in the first embodiment , but other numbers of turns , as well as turn diameters , may be used while keeping within the scope of the invention . a glow discharge emanates from the electrode 170 when subject to pulsed radio frequency energy . the electrode 170 is disposed within the probe 100 in such as manner as to not be in contact with either the walls of the probe 100 or the surface of the skin . as explained above , the copper wire 152 is fitted inside the glass insulator 180 and is connected with an inner conductor ( wire ) of the coaxial cable 220 , so as to receive radio frequency energy from the radio frequency pulse generator 240 by way of the coaxial cable 220 . the distance between the last turn of the electrode 170 ( that is furthest from the coaxial cable 220 ) and the bottom opening of the v - shaped probe 100 is preferably 10 millimeters . that range may be varied ( e . g ., 5 - 20 mm range , for example ) to provide a desired temperature to the skin . the positioning of the turns of the electrode 170 and the copper wire 152 is such that the turns are orthogonal to the surface of the opening , in order to have an even distribution of the electric field as it impinges on the surface of the skin . the first upper end of the v - shaped probe 100 is connected through the suction ( or vacuum ) pipe 210 to the high vacuum pump 230 . in the first embodiment , an oil rotary pump is used which can provide up to a 5 millibar vacuum . in the first embodiment , the coaxial cable 220 has a length of 2 . 3 meters , and is used as an impedance transformer from the low impedance output of the radio frequency generator 240 ( 52 ohm ) to the probe 100 , to provide for a glow discharge at a desired ( e . g ., 21 mhz ) frequency . other cable length are suitable at different frequencies and with other types of radio frequency generators , as well as high voltage radio frequency transformers . the radio frequency generator 240 used in the present invention may be a conventional power generator having a pulse duration that is selectable , and having an output power capability of up to 500 w . the triggering of a pulse may be done by a footswitch 290 , for example , or by other ways ( e . g ., toggle switch on the housing of the radio frequency generator 240 ). a preferred pulse duration is a value of between 1 milliseconds and 1000 milliseconds . an output power of the radio frequency generator 240 may be between 1 and 500 w , depending on the desired temperature to which the skin surface is to be heated . also , the output radio frequency may be a value within the range of between 2 mhz and 52 mhz . upon selecting a different frequency , the depth of the heated volume of the skin by the radio frequency current vary , i . e ., the higher the frequency , the less the depth . the cable length of the coaxial cable 220 is chosen in order to match the high impedance of the glow discharge with the low impedance of the radio frequency pulse generator 240 , and is approximately one - fourth of the wavelength of the radio frequency traveling inside the coaxial cable 220 . when the probe 100 is placed in contact with a desired area of a patient &# 39 ; s skin to be treated , the vacuum pump 230 is activated . upon reaching a vacuum pressure of 10 millibars or less , the footswitch 290 is then activated , thereby enabling the generation of the radio frequency voltage . the radio frequency voltage travels along the coaxial cable 220 to the electrode 170 , whereby a glow discharge is generated due to the vacuum within the probe 100 . the glow discharge within the probe 100 is shown as the gas - like region 141 in fig1 . as seen in fig2 the patient is preferably grounded , to enhance the attraction of the gas ions within the glow discharge to the patient &# 39 ; s skin . radio frequency current as well gas ions are applied to the surface of the skin under the opening of the probe 100 . gas ions of the glow discharge act as a conductor , enabling the flow of current . when the gas ions strike the surface of the skin at high speed , they penetrate inside and they lose their charge , thus enabling the flow of current . the frequency generator 240 is switched off after the pre - selected pulse width of radio frequency energy has been applied to the probe 100 . this enables the reaching of a desired superficial temperature of the skin , so as to generate a desired amount of heat damage of the skin cells under the probe 100 ( so as to remove port wine stains or spider veins or skin brown spots , for example ). in a second embodiment of the invention , as shown in fig3 a supply of low pressure gas , such as helium , is provided to a third input port of the probe 100 ′ in order to maintain a gas of controlled composition at a desired vacuum pressure ( e . g ., 10 - 50 millibars ) over the skin . this low pressure gas is provided by a gas source ( e . g ., external canister of gas ) that feeds the gas through an additional ( third ) input port of the probe 100 ′. as in the first embodiment , the first input port of the v - shaped probe 100 ′ is connected to the radio frequency pulse generator 240 by way of a coaxial cable 220 , and the second input port of the v - shaped probe 100 ′ is connected to the vacuum source 230 by way of the vacuum pipe 210 , to thereby provide a vacuum or near - vacuum condition within the probe 100 ′. in the second embodiment , the glass insulator 180 ′ has an opening to expose a portion of the copper wire 152 to the flow of helium gas supplied from the third input port of the probe 100 ′. this enables a flow of gas between the copper wire 152 and the glass insulator 180 ′, to provide a more stable glow discharge within the probe 100 ′. in this second embodiment , the low pressure gas is supplied at a pressure of between 10 - 50 millibars , in order to stabilize the glow discharge and to selectively inject ions in the skin . other gases besides helium may be utilized while remaining within the scope of the invention , for example , nitrogen or oxygen or mixtures of gas including helium may be used instead of helium only . while the present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments , other types of configurations may be possible , while remaining within the spirit and scope of the present invention , as exemplified by the claims .
a radio frequency generated plasma is provided to a skin surface in a controlled manner , in order to heat and selectively damage a thin superficial layer , thereby inducing a renewal process of the epidermis . the plasma is generated by providing a vacuum to the probe , and also providing an rf pulse to an electrode within the probe , thereby creating a glow discharge that includes gas ions that contact the skin and cause the skin to heat up .