in accordance with a preferred method , trabecular bypass surgery creates an opening or a hole through the diseased trabecular meshwork through minor microsurgery . to prevent “ filling in ” of the hole , a biocompatible elongate implant is placed within the hole as a trabecular stent , which may include , for example , a solid rod or hollow tube . in one exemplary embodiment , the trabecular stent implant may be positioned across the diseased trabecular meshwork alone and it does not extend into the eye wall or sclera . in another embodiment , the inlet end of the implant is exposed to the anterior chamber of the eye while the outlet end is positioned at the exterior surface of the trabecular meshwork . in another exemplary embodiment , the outlet end is positioned at and over the exterior surface of the trabecular meshwork and into the fluid collection channels of the existing outflow pathways . in still another embodiment , the outlet end is positioned in the schlemm &# 39 ; s canal . in an alternative embodiment , the outlet end enters into fluid collection channels up to the level of the aqueous veins with the trabecular stent inserted in a retrograde or antegrade fashion . according to some embodiments , the trabecular stent implant is made of biocompatible material , which is either hollow to allow the flow of aqueous humor or solid biocompatible material that imbibes aqueous . the material for the trabecular stent may be selected from the group consisting of porous material , semi - rigid material , soft material , hydrophilic material , hydrophobic material , hydrogel , elastic material , and the like . in further accordance with some embodiments , the trabecular stent implant may be rigid or it may be made of relatively soft material and is somewhat curved at its distal section to fit into the existing physiological outflow pathways , such as schlemm &# 39 ; s canal . the distal section inside the outflow pathways may have an oval shape to stabilize the trabecular stent in place without undue suturing . stabilization or retention of the trabecular stent may be further strengthened by a taper end and / or by at least one ridge or rib on the exterior surface of the distal section of the trabecular stent , or other surface alterations designed to retain the trabecular stent . in one embodiment , the trabecular stent may include a micropump , pressure sensor , one - way valve , or semi - permeable membrane to minimize reflux of red blood cells or serum protein . it may also be useful to use a biocompatible material that hydrates and expands after implantation so that the trabecular stent is locked into position around the trabecular meshwork opening or around the distal section of the trabecular stent . one of the advantages of trabecular bypass surgery , as disclosed herein , and the use of a trabecular stent implant to bypass diseased trabecular meshwork at the level of trabecular meshwork and thereby use existing outflow pathways is that the treatment of glaucoma is substantially simpler than in existing therapies . a further advantage of the invention is the utilization of simple microsurgery that may be performed on an outpatient basis with rapid visual recovery and greatly decreased morbidity . finally , a distinctly different approach is used than is found in existing implants . physiological outflow mechanisms are used or re - established by the implant of the present invention , in contradistinction with previously disclosed methodologies . the procedure for implanting a trabecular stent of the present invention may be accomplished by ab interno and / or ab externo procedures . fig1 to 7 show an embodiment of a glaucoma stent and its delivery system for the treatment of glaucoma by implanting a trabecular or glaucoma stent . in particular , a trabecular stent implant is used to bypass diseased trabecular meshwork at the level of trabecular meshwork to use or restore existing outflow pathways and methods thereof . for background illustration , fig1 shows a sectional view of an eye 10 , while fig2 shows a close - up view , showing the relative anatomical locations of the trabecular meshwork , the anterior chamber , and schlemm &# 39 ; s canal . thick collagenous tissue known as sclera 11 covers the entire eye 10 except that portion covered by the cornea 12 . the cornea 12 is a thin transparent tissue that focuses and transmits light into the eye and the pupil 14 , which is the circular hole in the center of the iris 13 ( colored portion of the eye ). the cornea 12 merges into the sclera 11 at a juncture referred to as the limbus 15 . the ciliary body 16 begins internally in the eye and extends along the interior of the sclera 11 and becomes the choroid 17 . the choroid 17 is a vascular layer of the eye underlying retina 18 . the optic nerve 19 transmits visual information to the brain and is sequentially destroyed by glaucoma . the anterior chamber 20 of the eye 10 , which is bound anteriorly by the cornea 12 and posteriorly by the iris 13 and lens 26 , is filled with aqueous . aqueous is produced primarily by the ciliary body 16 and reaches the anterior chamber angle 25 formed between the iris 13 and the cornea 12 through the pupil 14 . in a normal eye , the aqueous is removed through the trabecular meshwork 21 . aqueous passes through trabecular meshwork 21 into schlemm &# 39 ; s canal 22 and through the aqueous veins 23 , which merge with blood - carrying veins , and into venous circulation . intraocular pressure of the eye 10 is maintained by the intricate balance of secretion and outflow of the aqueous in the manner described above . glaucoma is characterized by the excessive buildup of aqueous fluid in the anterior chamber 20 , which produces an increase in intraocular pressure ( fluids are relatively incompressible and pressure is directed equally to all areas of the eye ). as shown in fig2 , the trabecular meshwork 21 constitutes a small portion of the sclera 11 . it is understandable that creating a hole or opening for implanting a device through the tissues of the conjunctiva 24 and sclera 11 is relatively a major surgery as compared to a surgery for implanting a device through the trabecular meshwork 21 only . some embodiments include a method for increasing aqueous humor outflow in an eye of a patient to reduce the intraocular pressure therein . the method comprises bypassing diseased trabecular meshwork at a level of the trabecular meshwork with a trabecular stent implant and using existing outflow pathways . the trabecular stent implant may be an elongate trabecular stent or other appropriate shape , size , or configuration . in one embodiment of an elongate trabecular stent implant , the trabecular stent has an inlet end , an outlet end and a lumen therebetween , wherein the inlet end is positioned at an anterior chamber of the eye and the outlet end is positioned at about an exterior surface of the diseased trabecular meshwork . furthermore , the outlet end may be positioned into fluid collection channels of the existing outflow pathways . optionally , the existing outflow pathways may comprise schlemm &# 39 ; s canal 22 . the outlet end may be further positioned into fluid collection channels up to the level of the aqueous veins with the trabecular stent inserted either in a retrograde or antegrade fashion with respect to the existing outflow pathways . in a further alternate embodiment , a method is disclosed for increasing aqueous humor outflow in an eye of a patient to reduce an intraocular pressure therein . the method comprises ( a ) creating an opening in trabecular meshwork , wherein the trabecular meshwork comprises an interior side and exterior side ; ( b ) inserting a trabecular stent implant into the opening ; and ( c ) transporting the aqueous humor by the trabecular stent implant to bypass the trabecular meshwork at the level of the trabecular meshwork from the interior side to the exterior side of the trabecular meshwork . the trabecular stent implant may comprise a biocompatible material , such as a medical grade silicone , for example , the material sold under the trademark silastic ™, which is available from dow corning corporation of midland , mich ., or polyurethane , which is sold under the trademark pellethane ™, which is also available from dow corning corporation . in an alternate embodiment , other biocompatible materials ( biomaterials ) may be used , such as polyvinyl alcohol , polyvinyl pyrolidone , collagen , heparinized collagen , tetrafluoroethylene , fluorinated polymer , fluorinated elastomer , flexible fused silica , polyolefin , polyester , titanium , stainless steel , nitinol , shape - memory material , polysilicon , mixture of biocompatible materials , and the like . in a further alternate embodiment , a composite biocompatible material by surface coating the above - mentioned biomaterial may be used , wherein the coating material may be selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene ( ptfe ), polyimide , hydrogel , heparin , therapeutic drugs , and the like . fig3 shows an axisymmetric glaucoma stent that is intended to be placed non - circumferentially in schlemm &# 39 ; s canal 22 ( i . e ., with its long axis at an angle relative to the circumference of schlemm &# 39 ; s canal 22 ), and that transports aqueous 57 from the anterior chamber 20 to schlemm &# 39 ; s canal . the stent may comprise a trephining head 52 at the distal end of the stent 51 , wherein the trephining head 52 is sized and configured to penetrate the trabecular meshwork 21 , schlemm &# 39 ; s canal 22 into sclera 11 for anchoring . the outlet portion 53 may comprise a plurality of outlet openings 56 spaced apart axially and configured for releasing aqueous into schlemm &# 39 ; s canal 22 with ease . the middle section 54 of the stent is generally placed at about the trabecular meshwork 21 , wherein the middle section may optionally comprise a plurality of openings 58 spaced apart for effectively releasing aqueous 57 into trabecular meshwork . the proximal end 55 of the stent 51 is generally disposed in the anterior chamber 20 at a location not to affect the aqueous flow or eye tissue movement . an axisymmetric stent of the present invention is to overcome the flow resistance in schlemm &# 39 ; s canal when a conventional stent is placed circumferentially along the schlemm &# 39 ; s canal passageway that tends to direct the aqueous flow in a defined direction . fig4 shows a stent delivery system 62 comprising irrigation 64 and aspiration 67 capabilities . a trabecular or glaucoma stent 61 , particularly an axisymmetric stent , is placed and grasped by a grasping tip 79 at the distal section of a delivery system 62 . in one aspect , the grasping tip 79 in a stent delivery system with irrigation / aspiration is accomplished with a concentric tubing 68 having swaged end details . the irrigation step 64 is carried out by injecting fluid out of the irrigation ports 65 to the anterior chamber 20 . the aspiration step 67 is carried out by returning fluid entering the aspiration ports 66 . a plunger or releasing element 63 is located concentrically within the lumen 70 of the delivery system 62 . in one embodiment , after the stent is placed in the target location , the tubing 68 is withdrawn back toward the handpiece ( at right - hand side in fig4 ; not shown ) to release the stent 61 . fig5 shows cross - sectional view of the stent delivery system 62 of fig4 . the tubing 68 of the stent delivery system may be formed on mandrel to create a first side channel 65 a for irrigation and a second side channel 66 a for aspiration . the tight fit 69 between an inner tubing 71 and the outer tubing 68 creates barrier between the channel 65 a for irrigation and the channel 66 a for aspiration . fig6 shows a multi - lumen tubing shaft 35 as a component of the stent delivery system 62 . this is an alternate configuration for fluid irrigation and aspiration . the tubing shaft 35 comprises a central lumen 31 that may carry a grasping tip 79 for stent folding . the auxiliary lumens 32 , 33 spaced apart or spaced at an opposite side of the central lumen 31 are provided for fluid irrigation / aspiration . fig7 shows a perspective view of the stent with a stent delivery system . in an alternate embodiment , the delivery system 62 may comprise a stainless cone pin 37 . the pin 37 is fixed relatively to the stent 36 , preferably an axisymmetric stent , when the stent is placed at a target location , say inside schlemm &# 39 ; s canal or at least a portion of the stent exposing to schlemm &# 39 ; s canal or to a collecting channel . instead of pushing the pin 37 forward to release the stent 36 , it is configured to pull back the multi - lumen tubing 35 so as to release the stent out of the grasping tip 79 . in another aspect , the delivery system may comprise a retainer ring on the tubing 35 , wherein the retainer ring is attached to a triggering mechanism in the handle and is used to pull back the outer sleeve ( or the tubing 35 ) with an economical construction or manufacturing method . other aspects of the present invention may comprise sending irrigation fluid , including viscoelastic , down the center a stent delivery system . it is further disclosed that light means may be sent down a clear pathway or through a clear extrusion for better visualization , using the extrusion itself for light transmission . it is another object of the present disclosure to provide fiber optic imaging to validate placement of a stent in the target location , say schlemm &# 39 ; s canal . in another aspect , it is provided to using collet style mechanism to grip or grasp a stent during a delivery phase or to retrieve objects in the cavity of a body . it is also a common practice to use footswitch to release a stent in the body . some aspects of the invention relate to a trabecular stent comprising a distal end , a proximal end , and a plurality of outlet openings spaced apart axially , wherein the proximal end is placed in an anterior chamber and the distal end is placed in a sclera posterior to schlemm &# 39 ; s canal , at least one opening being exposed to schlemm &# 39 ; s canal . in still another aspect of the present disclosure , rf energy or other suitable energy ( thermal , cryo , or laser ) is used to release a stent from its grasping tip . in a previously disclosed bifurcatable stent , the stent may be sized and configured to have at least one retaining arm at the end section of the stent body that is about perpendicular to the stent body , wherein a first retaining arm is used to be placed inside schlemm &# 39 ; s canal . fig8 shows one embodiment of an ab interno stent delivery applicator 2 . the applicator 2 comprises a distal section 29 and a handle section 34 . a stent 51 is loaded at the distal section 29 of the applicator . the applicator further comprises a plurality of fluid ports 41 , 42 , 43 for administering various fluids to various target tissue sites . for example , the first fluid port 41 is connected through a fluid channel 47 to a fluid supplier source 44 , wherein the fluid port 41 is configured to be placed at about the sclera 11 of an eye 10 during the stent delivery phase . at least one component of the fluid exiting the first fluid port 41 is selected from a group consisting of genes , growth factors , drugs , or nutrients for treating the sclera . in another example , the second fluid port 42 is connected through a fluid channel 48 to a fluid supplier source 45 , wherein the fluid port 42 is configured to be placed at about schlemm &# 39 ; s canal 22 of an eye 10 during the stent delivery phase . at least one component in the fluid exiting the second fluid port 42 is selected from a group consisting of vasodilating agent , anti - glaucoma drug , and other drug suitably for treating schlemm &# 39 ; s canal . in still another example , the third fluid port 43 is connected through a fluid channel 49 to a fluid supplier source 46 , wherein the fluid port 43 is configured to be placed at about the trabecular meshwork 21 of an eye 10 during the stent delivery phase . at least one component in the fluid exiting the third fluid port 43 may comprise , but not limited to , vasodilating agent , anti - glaucoma drug , balanced saline solution or viscoelastic for treating trabecular meshwork . all fluid channels 47 , 48 , and 49 of the applicator are suitably placed within a lumen 7 of the stent delivery applicator 2 . fig9 shows a distal section 29 of the ab interno stent delivery applicator 2 of fig8 . in one embodiment , a pressure monitor 44 a is installed at a suitable place adjacent to the fluid supplier source 44 , wherein the pressure monitor 44 a is sized and configured to monitor the sensing pressure at about the first fluid port 41 . during the course of the stent delivery phase , the sensing pressure at the first fluid port 41 reflects the pressures of the anterior chamber 20 , the trabecular meshwork 21 , schlemm &# 39 ; s canal 22 , and the sclera 11 in sequence . in one embodiment , when the sensing pressure measured suddenly increases due to flow resistance from the sclera , it is indicative that the distal end of the stent 51 is well in place in the sclera . appropriate fluid can be administered to the sclera 11 through the first fluid port 41 . similarly , a second appropriate fluid can be administered to schlemm &# 39 ; s canal through the second fluid port 42 . and a third appropriate fluid can be administered to trabecular meshwork through the third fluid port 43 . at the end of the stent delivery phase , the stent 51 can be unloaded from the applicator 2 by operating a knob 38 on the handle 34 . also shown are fluid channels 47 , 48 , and 49 of the applicator within the lumen 7 of the stent delivery applicator 2 . fig1 shows a procedure for implanting a stent 51 in an ab interno process . first , a small incision 6 is created at an appropriate location of the cornea 12 allowing inserting an applicator 2 into the anterior chamber . the distal section 29 of the applicator 2 advances across the eye and approaches the trabecular meshwork 21 . by further advancing the distal end , the distal section 29 of the applicator 2 passes trabecular meshwork , schlemm &# 39 ; s canal and reaches the sclera 11 behind schlemm &# 39 ; s canal for anchoring the distal end of the stent into the sclera . the stent is unloaded from the applicator thereafter . some aspects of the invention relate to a stent delivery apparatus comprising a plurality of fluid exiting ports configured axially along a distal section of the apparatus , wherein each port is connected to a fluid supply , at least one fluid exiting port is exposed to a sclera to provide a fluid to the sclera . in one embodiment , the fluid is selected from a group consisting of genes , growth factors , drugs , nutrients , and combination thereof for treating the sclera . in another embodiment , the stent delivery apparatus further comprises a second fluid exiting port being in fluid communication with schlemm &# 39 ; s canal , wherein the fluid is selected from a group consisting of genes , growth factors , drugs , anti - glaucoma drug , anti - inflammatory drugs , vasodilating drugs , nutrients , and combination thereof for treating the sclera . fig1 shows one embodiment of an ab externo stent delivery applicator 3 . the applicator 3 comprises a distal section 27 with a self - trephining type sharp cut end 75 and a handle section 34 . a stent 51 is loaded within the distal section 27 with a sharp end 52 facing the operator . the applicator further comprises a plurality of fluid ports 72 , 73 , 74 , 84 for administering various fluids to various target tissue sites . the multiple fluid channels and ports can be configured in the applicator according to ways that are well known to those of skill in the art , especially as seen in cardiovascular catheters . each fluid supply source ( 76 , 77 , 78 , 82 ) provides an appropriate fluid through a fluid channel ( 87 , 86 , 85 , 83 ) to the fluid port ( 72 , 73 , 74 , 84 ), respectively . all fluid channels 83 , 85 , 86 , 87 are suitably placed within a lumen 9 of the stent delivery applicator 3 for providing a fluid to each fluid port . an appropriate fluid with at least one active component can be selected from a gene , growth factor , drug , anti - glaucoma drug , vasodilating agent , saline , viscoelastic , anti - inflammatory drug , and / or the like . fig1 shows a distal section 27 of the ab externo stent delivery applicator 3 of fig1 . a pressure monitor 76 a is installed at a suitable place adjacent to the fluid supplier source 76 , wherein the pressure monitor 76 a is sized and configured to monitor the sensing pressure at about the first fluid port 72 . in operations , the applicator 3 is inserted through a small opening at the sclera 11 and advanced toward schlemm &# 39 ; s canal using an external visualization aid that is known to one skilled in the art . during the course of the stent delivery phase ab externo , the sensing pressure at the first fluid port 72 reflects the pressures of the sclera 11 , schlemm &# 39 ; s canal 22 , the trabecular meshwork 21 , and the anterior chamber 20 in sequence . in one embodiment , when the sensing pressure continuously increases until reach a plateau at the anterior chamber , it is indicative that the stent is ready to be unloaded from the applicator 3 . appropriate fluids can be administered to any or all of the following : the sclera 11 through the fluid port 84 , schlemm &# 39 ; s canal through the fluid port 74 , the trabecular meshwork through the fluid port 73 , or the anterior chamber 20 through the fluid port 72 . at the end of the stent delivery phase , the stent 51 can be unloaded from the applicator 3 by operating a knob 38 on the handle 34 . from the foregoing description , it should be appreciated that a novel approach for the surgical treatment of glaucoma has been disclosed for reducing intraocular pressure . while the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments , the description is illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention . various modifications and applications may occur to those who are skilled in the art , without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention , as described by the appended claims and their equivalents .
devices and methods for treating ocular disorders are disclosed . one ocular implant , has a substantially straight , rigid , elongate body . the body has a self - trephinating distal portion that narrows toward a distal end , and at least one inlet that communicates with at least one inner lumen that communicates with a plurality of outlets . the lumen has a sufficient length to extend from an anterior chamber of an eye to a physiologic outflow pathway . an anchor member extends from the implant .