referring to fig1 - 2 , there is shown one exemplary embodiment of a spinous process clip generally designated 10 fashioned in accordance with the present principles . the spinous process clip 10 , is used for posterior , lateral and / or posterior - lateral insertion into the interspinous process space and thus is configured to retract or be closed prior to and during insertion , then expand or deploy once inserted onto the spine space with minimum tissue resection . the spinous process clip 10 is made from a biocompatible material such as peek ( polyetheretherketone ), titanium or stainless steel . it should be appreciated that other biocompatible materials may be used . the spinous process clip 10 is characterized by a three - piece construction , namely a middle portion 12 , a first lateral portion 14 , and a second lateral portion 16 . it should be appreciated that the nomenclature first and second is arbitrary . the first lateral portion 14 and the second lateral portion 16 are pivotally connected to the middle portion 12 via a pivot / pivot pin 18 . thus , the first and second lateral portions 14 , 16 may be considered to pivot with respect to the middle portion 12 or the middle portion 12 may be considered to pivot with respect to the first and second lateral portions . in either and both cases , the spinous process clip 10 may be pivoted into the position illustrated in fig1 open ( clamping ) position , the closed ( insertion ) position illustrated in fig2 , and positions in between the positions illustrated in fig1 and 2 . the middle portion 12 is formed by a unitary body 13 that defines an arm 22 which extends from one end of an elbow 24 , and an arm 26 that extends from the other end of the curved elbow 24 . the arm 22 is linear as it extends from the elbow 24 , while the arm 26 is curvilinear as it extends from the elbow 24 . the elbow 24 is likewise curvilinear as it extends from the arm 22 . it should be appreciated that the arm 22 may not necessarily be linear . additionally , the curvatures of the elbow 24 and arm 26 may be different than that shown . the first lateral portion 14 is formed by a unitary body 15 that defines an arm 32 which extends from one end of an elbow 34 , and an arm 36 that extends from the other end of the curved elbow 34 . the arm 32 is linear as it extends from the elbow 34 , while the arm 36 is curvilinear as it extends from the elbow 24 . the elbow 34 is likewise curvilinear as it extends from the arm 32 . it should be appreciated that the arm 32 may not necessarily be linear . additionally , the curvatures of the elbow 34 and arm 36 may be different than that shown . the second lateral portion 16 is formed by a unitary body 17 defining and arm 42 which extends from one end of an elbow 44 , and an arm 46 that extends from the other end of the curved elbow 44 . the arm 42 is linear as it extends from the elbow 44 , while the arm 46 is curvilinear as it extends from the elbow 44 . the elbow 44 is likewise curvilinear as it extends from the arm 42 . it should be appreciated that the arm 42 may not necessarily be linear . additionally , the curvatures of the elbow 44 and arm 46 may be different than that shown . the first and second lateral portions 14 , 16 are situated relative to the middle portion 14 such that the curvatures of the elbows 34 , 44 and arms 35 , 46 of the first and second lateral portions 14 , 16 are opposite the curvature of the elbow 24 and arm 26 of the middle portion . the opposite curvatures of the elbow / arm combinations of the first and second lateral portions 14 , 16 relative to the elbow / arm combination of the middle portion 12 , define a clamping space between the respective elbow / arm combinations of the first and second lateral portions 14 , 16 and the middle portion 12 , and thus the ability to clamp onto the spinous processes , transverse processes or the lamina of a vertebra . the spinous process clip 10 is adjustable and / or provides clamping . adjustment is effected by the pivoting of the middle and the first and second lateral portions . in order for the spinous process clip 10 to provide clamping and / or a clamping force and / or to maintain the clamping force , a bias is provided between the first and second lateral portions 14 , 16 and the middle portion 12 . such bias is provided through the pivot / pivot pin 18 . other manners of providing a clamping force bias between the first and second lateral portions 14 , 16 and the middle portion 12 may be used and are contemplated . referring now to fig3 - 4 , there is shown another exemplary embodiment of a spinous process clip generally designated 50 fashioned in accordance with the present principles . like the spinous process clip 10 the spinous process clip 50 is used for spinal distraction and stabilization and thus is configured to compress and expand , and to be inserted posteriorly onto the spine with minimum tissue resection . the spinous process clip 50 is also made from a biocompatible material such as peek ( polyetheretherketone ), titanium or stainless steel . it should be appreciated that other biocompatible materials may be used . the spinous process clip 50 utilizes a combined gear rack and ratchet mechanism similar in form and function to that of a zip strip ( cable tie ) in order to effect adjustment thereof . the spinous process clip 50 is characterized by a two - piece construction , namely a first or upper portion 52 , and a second or lower portion 54 . it should be understood that the nomenclature upper , lower , first and second are arbitrary . the first portion 52 and the second portion 54 are adjustably connected to each other via a combined gear rack and ratchet mechanism 56 . the first and second portions 52 , 54 thus move with respect to each other but in discrete steps according to the spacing / geometry of the combined gear rack and ratchet mechanism 56 . this is described further below . movement of the first and second portions 52 , 54 allows the spinous process clip 50 to assume the holding position illustrated in fig3 , the closed or insertion position illustrated in fig4 , and positions in between the positions illustrated in fig3 and 4 . the first portion 52 is formed by a unitary body 53 that defines a base 70 , a first arm 76 which extends from one side of the base 70 , and a second arm 78 that extends from the other side of the base 70 . again , it should be appreciated that the nomenclature first and second is arbitrary . the first arm 76 is linear but extends at an angle laterally outwardly from the base 70 . the second arm 78 is likewise linear but extends at an angle laterally outwardly from the base 70 . the angles of the first and second arms 76 , 78 are opposite one another such that the body 53 essentially defines a “ v ” shape . the second portion 54 is formed by a unitary body 55 that defines a base 60 , a first arm 64 which extends from one side of the base 60 , and a second arm 66 that extends from the other side of the base 60 . again , it should be appreciated that the nomenclature first and second is arbitrary . the first arm 64 is linear but extends at an angle laterally outwardly from the base 60 . the second arm 66 is likewise linear but extends at an angle laterally outwardly from the base 60 . the angles of the first and second arms 64 , 66 are opposite one another such that the body 55 essentially defines a “ v ” shape . the first and second portions 52 , 54 are connected together via the combined gear rack and ratchet 56 such that their respective “ v ” shapes are opposite or upside down relative to one another . the opposite “ v ” shapes of the arms of the first and second portions 52 , 54 define a clamping or holding space between their respective arms and thus the ability to clamp or hold onto adjacent spinous processes , transverse processes or the lamina ( spinal structures ) of adjacent vertebrae , as well as fit between the area or space between the adjacent spinal structures . as indicated above , discrete adjustable movement between the first and second portions 52 , 54 is accomplished by the combined gear rack and ratchet 56 . particularly , the first portion 52 includes a gear rack 62 on a side surface of the base 60 . the gear rack 62 extends from a top to bottom end of the base 60 and includes a plurality of teeth , serrations or the like 63 . the second portion 54 includes a configured slot , channel , groove or the like 72 (“ slot ”) formed in the base 70 . the configured slot 72 extends from a top to bottom end of the base 70 . the base 70 further includes a flange 73 formed at the end of the configured slot 72 . the flange 73 has a pawl or similar protrusion such that the configured slot 72 and flange 73 form the ratchet . together , the configured slot 72 and the ratchet 62 form the combined gear rack and ratchet 56 . the combined gear rack and ratchet 56 allows the first and second portions 52 , 54 to discretely move away from each other while preventing backwards movement . for example , if the first portion 52 is moved from the position shown in fig4 to the position shown in fig3 , the first portion 52 is prevented from returning to the position shown in fig4 . it should be appreciated that while the gear rack is shown as being a part of the first portion 52 and the ratchet is shown as being part of the second portion 54 , they can be reversed such that the gear rack may be a part of the second portion and the ratchet may be a part of the first portion . referring now to fig5 - 6 , there is shown another exemplary embodiment of a spinous process clip generally designated 80 fashioned in accordance with the present principles . the spinous process clip 80 is used for distraction and stabilization and thus is configured to retract and expand and to be inserted laterally , posterior - laterally or posteriorly onto the spine with no ligament ( i . e . the ligament that covers the spinous process ) resection . the spinous process clip 80 is made from a biocompatible material such as peek ( polyetheretherketone ), titanium or stainless steel . it should be appreciated that other biocompatible materials may be used . the spinous process clip 80 is characterized by a two - piece construction , namely a first portion 82 , and a second portion 84 . it should be appreciated that the nomenclature first and second is arbitrary . the first portion 82 and the second portion 84 are pivotally connected to each other via a pivot / pivot pin 86 . thus , the first and second portions 82 , 84 pivot with respect each other . as such , the spinous process clip 80 may be pivoted into the position illustrated in fig5 ( an open / holding position ), the position illustrated in fig6 ( a closed / insertion position ), and positions in between the open and closed positions illustrated in fig5 and 6 . the first portion 82 is formed by a unitary body 83 that defines a middle linear portion 88 , a first linear arm 90 extending from an end of the middle linear portion 88 , and a second linear arm 92 extending from the other end of the middle linear portion 88 . the first linear arm 90 extends at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the middle linear portion 88 . the second linear arm 92 likewise extends at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the middle linear portion 88 . the first and second arms 90 , 92 extend at opposite angles relative to one another so as to form one “ leg ” of the “ x ” shape of the spinous process clip 80 . the second portion 84 is formed by a unitary body 85 that defines a middle linear portion 94 , a first linear arm 96 extending from an end of the middle linear portion 94 , and a second linear arm 98 extending from the other end of the middle linear portion 94 . the first linear arm 96 extends at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the middle linear portion 94 . the second linear arm 98 likewise extends at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the middle linear portion 94 . the first and second arms 94 , 96 extend at opposite angles relative to one another so as to form the other “ leg ” of the “ x ” shape of the spinous process clip 80 . the first and second portions 82 , 84 are pivotally coupled to one another such that the arms 90 , 96 of the first and second portions 82 , 84 extend in the same direction while the arms 92 , 98 of the first and second portions 82 , 84 extend in the same direction . thus , when the first and second portions 82 , 84 are pivoted into the position shown in fig6 ( and other positions from the position shown in fig5 ) a clamping space is defined between the respective arms of the first and second portions 82 , 84 , and thus the ability to clamp onto the spinous processes , transverse processes or the lamina of adjacent vertebrae . the spinous process clip 80 is adjustable and / or provides clamping . adjustment is effected by the pivoting of the first and second portions . in order for the spinous process clip 80 to provide clamping and / or a clamping force and / or to maintain the clamping force , a bias is provided between the first and second lateral portions 82 , 84 . such bias is provided through the pivot / pivot pin 86 . other manners of providing a clamping force bias between the first and second lateral portions 82 , 84 may be used and are contemplated . referring now to fig7 - 8 , there is shown another exemplary embodiment of a spinous process clip generally designated 100 fashioned in accordance with the present principles . the spinous process clip 100 is used for distraction and stabilization of adjacent vertebrae and thus is configured to be inserted laterally , posterolaterally , and posteriorly onto the spine with minimum tissue resection . the spinous process clip 100 is made from a biocompatible material such as peek ( polyetheretherketone ), titanium or stainless steel . it should be appreciated that other biocompatible materials may be used . the spinous process clip 100 is characterized by a two - piece construction , namely a bolt 102 and an expander 104 . the bolt 102 is formed by a unitary body 103 that defines a generally cylindrical head 106 with an elongated cylindrical portion 108 extending from one side of the cylindrical head 106 . the bolt body 103 further defines an expansion portion 110 that extends axially from the elongated cylindrical portion 108 . the expansion portion 110 is formed by a plurality of elongated axial slats 112 that define a plurality of elongated axial openings 113 and terminates in a cylindrical end 114 . the plurality of elongated axial slats 112 thus extend from the elongated cylindrical portion 108 to the cylindrical end 114 . the expander 104 is characterized by a shaft 116 that extends through a threaded bore 107 of the cylindrical head 106 of the bolt body 103 , a bore of the bolt body 103 , the expansion portion 110 , a bore of the cylindrical end 114 , and terminates in a plate 122 at the axial end of the cylindrical end 114 . the shaft 116 has a hexagonal head 118 proximate the cylindrical head 106 that receives a tool for rotating the shaft 116 . it should be appreciated that the head 118 of the shaft 116 may take other shapes as desired . the shaft 116 further has a threaded portion 120 that operatively engages the threaded bore 120 of the cylindrical head 106 . the spinous process clip 100 is implanted in an unexpanded position such as illustrated in fig8 . rotation of the shaft 116 pulls the plate 122 against the cylindrical end 114 . compression of the plate 122 against the cylindrical end 114 causes the slats 112 to fold or buckle into an expanded position such as is illustrated in fig7 . the provides the ability of the spinous process clip 100 to clamp onto the spinous processes , transverse processes or the lamina of adjacent vertebrae . particularly , the spinous process clip 100 provides clamping between the cylindrical head 106 and the expanded expansion portion 110 . referring now to fig9 - 10 , there is shown another exemplary embodiment of a spinous process clip generally designated 130 fashioned in accordance with the present principles . the spinous process clip 130 is used for vertebral expansion and thus is configured to distract and stabilize adjacent vertebrae and to be inserted posteriorly and posterior - laterally onto the spine with no ligament ( i . e . the ligament that covers the spinous process ) resection . the spinous process clip 130 is made from a biocompatible material such as peek ( polyetheretherketone ), titanium or stainless steel . it should be appreciated that other biocompatible materials may be used . the spinous process clip 130 is characterized by a multiple construction , namely a first portion 132 , a second portion 134 , and an adjustment portion 136 . it should be appreciated that the nomenclature first and second is arbitrary . the first portion 132 and the second portion 134 are movably connected to each other via a mutual slot and pin configuration whose movement is controlled via the adjustment portion 136 . thus , the first and second portions 132 , 134 slide with respect to each other under the control of the adjustment portion 136 . as such , the spinous process clip 130 may be adjusted into the position illustrated in fig9 ( a clamping position ), the position illustrated in fig1 ( an open position ), and positions in between the open and clamping positions illustrated in fig1 and 9 . the first portion 132 is formed by a first unitary body 133 that defines a generally elongated oval wing 150 having a generally half - tubular arm 160 extending transverse from an inner surface of an upper portion of the wing 150 . the wing 150 also includes a plurality of spikes 151 that project from the inner surface of a lower portion of the wing 150 . the spikes 151 are adapted to extend into and grip the spinous processes , transverse processes or the lamina . the arm 160 has a slot 161 that extends through approximately three - quarters ( ¾ ) of the length of the arm 160 to essentially divide the arm 160 into a first quarter ( ¼ ) 162 and a second quarter ( ¼ ) 163 . the inside of the first and second quarters 162 , 163 are configured to define an upper portion of a rectangular channel . the first portion 132 is further formed by a second unitary body 135 that defines generally elongated oval wing 152 having a generally half - tubular arm 164 extending transverse from an inner surface of a lower portion of the wing 152 . the wing 152 also includes a plurality of spikes 153 that project from the inner surface of an upper portion of the wing 152 . the spikes 153 are adapted to extend into and grip the spinous processes , transverse processes or the lamina . the arm 164 has a slot 165 that extends through approximately three - quarters ( ¾ ) of the length of the arm 164 to essentially divide the arm 164 into a first quarter ( ¼ ) 166 and a second quarter ( ¼ ) 167 . the inside of the first and second quarters 166 , 167 are configured to define an upper portion of a rectangular channel . the first and second unitary bodies 132 , 134 are movably coupled to one another via the mutual slot and pin configuration mentioned above . particularly , the wing 150 has an elongated slot 155 that extends laterally through the wing 150 from one lateral side thereof to the other . likewise , the wing 152 has an elongated slot 154 that extends laterally through the wing 152 from one lateral side thereof to the other . the wing 152 has a projection 156 that extends from a lateral side of the wing 152 and into the slot 155 of the wing 150 . likewise , the wing 150 has a projection ( not seen ) that extends from a lateral side of the wing 150 and into the slot 154 of the wing 150 . in this manner , the wings 150 , 152 are movably linked to one another . the second portion 134 is formed of a unitary body 140 that defines an essentially two - ended paddle . the unitary body 140 has a first paddle 142 and a second paddle 143 situated on opposite ends of a mid section . the first paddle 142 has a plurality of spikes 144 on an inside surface there of that are adapted to extend into and grip the spinous processes , transverse processes or the lamina . the second paddle 143 has a plurality of spikes 145 that are adapted to extend into and grip the spinous processes , transverse processes or the lamina . the mid section has a boss 141 having a bore therethrough . the adjustment portion 136 includes a central screw 170 that extends through the half tubular arms 160 , 164 . the screw 170 also extends through a support 173 . support 173 doubly acts as a “ shim ” used to expand the assembly . a threaded collar 174 is received onto the screw 170 for pushing the second portion 134 towards the first portion 132 and into a clamping or holding position . initially , the spinous process clip 130 is in the open position as shown in fig1 . in order to effect clamping or holding , a drive nut 180 is threaded onto the screw 170 . the collar 174 is proximate the second portion 134 . the drive nut 180 has a hexagonal body 181 ( other shapes may be used ) that accepts a hexagonal ( or other ) driver ( not shown ). the body 181 has a threaded bore 182 that extends therethrough for receipt onto the screw 170 . the body 181 further has an end 183 that is configured to abut the collar 174 . rotation of the drive nut 180 pushes against the collar 174 which pushes against the boss 141 of the second portion 134 to drive the second portion towards the first portion 132 . as it does , the wings 150 , 154 slide to open the tubular arms 160 , 164 . at the same time , the second portion 134 moves toward the wings 150 , 154 to provide a clamping space therebetween and to provide the ability to clamp onto the spinous processes , transverse processes or the lamina . referring now to fig1 - 12 , there is shown another exemplary embodiment of a spinous process clip generally designated 200 fashioned in accordance with the present principles . the spinous process clip 200 is used for distraction and stabilization of the spine and thus is configured to contract and expand and to be inserted laterally , posterior - laterally and posteriorly onto the spine with no ligament ( i . e . the ligament that covers the spinous process ) resection . the spinous process clip 200 is made from a biocompatible material such as peek ( polyetheretherketone ), titanium or stainless steel . it should be appreciated that other biocompatible materials may be used . the spinous process clip 200 is characterized by a three - piece construction , namely a first portion 202 , a second portion 204 , and an adjustment portion 206 . it should be appreciated that the nomenclature first and second is arbitrary . the first portion 202 is formed by a unitary body 203 that defines a central , generally annular hub 210 , a first arm 212 extending from a side of the central , generally annular hub 210 , and a second arm 214 extending from another side of the central annular hub 210 diametrically opposite the first arm 212 . the first arm 212 has a plurality of serrations or teeth 213 on an inside surface thereof ( see particularly , fig1 ) and a longitudinal groove or channel 227 on an outside surface thereof ( see particularly , fig1 ). the second arm 214 has a plurality of serrations or teeth 215 on an inside surface thereof ( see particularly , fig1 ) and a longitudinal groove or channel 216 on an outside surface thereof ( see particularly , fig1 ). the first arm 212 forms one leg of a first clamp of the spinous process clip 200 , while the second arm 214 forms one leg of a second clamp of the spinous process clip 200 . the second portion 204 is formed by a unitary body 205 that defines a central , generally annular hub 220 , a first arm 222 extending from a side of the central , generally annular hub 220 , and a second arm 224 extending from another side of the central annular hub 220 diametrically opposite the first arm 222 . the first arm 222 has a plurality of serrations or teeth 223 on an inside surface thereof ( see particularly , fig1 ) and a longitudinal groove or channel 227 on an outside surface thereof ( see particularly , fig1 ). the second arm 224 has a plurality of serrations or teeth 225 on an inside surface thereof ( see particularly , fig1 ) and a longitudinal groove or channel 226 on an outside surface thereof ( see particularly , fig1 ). the first arm 222 forms the other leg of the first clamp of the spinous process clip 200 , while the second arm 224 forms the other leg of the second clamp of the spinous process clip 200 . the first portion 202 and the second portion 204 are pivotally or rotatably connected to each other via a pivot / pivot boss 206 . thus , the first and second portions 202 , 204 pivot or rotate with respect each other . this can be considered as one portion ( either the first or second portion ) pivoting or rotating with respect to the other portion ( the opposite one of the first and second portion ). this allows the spinous process clip 200 to assume the closed position such as is illustrated in fig1 and an open position such as illustrated in fig1 . it should be appreciated that the spinous process clip 200 may assume all positions between those shown in the figures . moreover , the spinous process clip 200 assumes a plurality of discrete positions each one of which can be locked into place and against further rotation ( i . e . positions of the first and second portions 202 , 204 are discretely rotatably adjustable relative to one another ). this provides clamping by the first clamp , defined by the arms 212 and 224 , and by the second clamp , defined by the arms 214 and 222 . the discrete positions are provided through meshing of teeth or serrations on the various portions as described below . particularly , the generally annular hub 220 of the second portion 204 includes a plurality of teeth or serrations 230 situated in a generally annular pattern on an inside surface of the hub 220 . likewise , the generally annular hub 210 of the first portion 202 includes a plurality of teeth or serrations 229 situated in a generally annular pattern on an outside surface of the hub 110 . the teeth or serrations 229 rotationally mesh with the teeth or serrations 230 to provide the discrete rotational positions of the first and second portions 202 , 204 relative to one another . in order to lock the positions of the first and second portions 202 , 204 relative to one another , the adjustment portion 206 is used . the adjustment portion 206 includes a generally annular knob 209 . the knob 209 has a central , threaded bore 217 that is threaded onto the threads 211 of a boss 208 that extends from the hub 220 of the second portion 204 and through the hub 210 of the first portion 202 . the knob has a plurality of teeth or serrations 218 situated in a generally annular pattern on an inside surface thereof . the hub 110 of the first portion 202 has a plurality of teeth or serrations 228 situated in a generally annular pattern on an outside surface thereof . the teeth or serrations 218 of the knob 209 rotationally mesh with the teeth or serrations 228 of the hub 110 when the knob 209 rotationally threads onto the threaded boss 208 . as the knob 209 is tightened against the hub 210 , the teeth 218 of the knob 209 mesh with the outside teeth 228 of the hub 210 which pushes the inside teeth 229 of the hub 210 against the inside teeth 230 of the hub 220 to fix the position of the first and second portions . in this manner , the first and second clamps of the spinous process clip 200 provide the necessary clamping onto the spinous processes , transverse processes or the lamina . it should be appreciated that variations of the spinous process clip 200 are contemplated but not shown . for example , and without being exhaustive , there may not be threads on elements 208 and 209 . the intent of the illustrated spinous process clip 200 is that the knob ( 209 ) be compressively held ( via tension springs or something of the like ) against hubs 210 and 220 to engage the teeth and lock the position . other manners of accomplishing this may be used . while the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description , the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character , it being understood that only preferred embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and / or modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected .
a spinal clip for creating a potential space within the spinal canal and thus stabilizing the spine without the need for additional spinal components is embodied in different forms . the spinal clips are configured to provide a clamping or holding force against and / or to the spinous processes , transverse processes and / or the lamina of adjacent vertebrae . in one form , the spinous process clips utilize pivoting to effect clamping or holding . in another form , the spinous process clips utilize rotation to effect clamping or holding . such rotation may be between clamping or holding members or via a screw system . in yet another form , the spinous process clips utilize ratcheting to effect clamping or holding . in a still further form , the spinous process clips utilize expansion to effect clamping or holding . depending on the form of clamping or holding , the spinous process clips can provide infinite adjustment of the clamping or holding force within an adjustment range , or provide discrete steps or levels of the clamping or holding force .