referring first to fig1 a through 1d inclusive , there are depicted cross sectional and side views of a palm stalk 1 of the type which embodiments of this invention may be used to process . fig1 a is a cross section of the main portion of such stalks from which the desired palmheart 4 is to be removed . it consists of an outer layer 2 that is somewhat tough , but also somewhat resilient , and has thorn - like barbs 2a extending from its outer surface . although shown as being round in cross section , the stalk typically is more or less round , and , in the upper region ( i . e ., the portion of the stalk immediately above the tapered portion 5 of the growing plant ) is about 2 + inches ( 5 . 1 + cm .) in &# 34 ; diameter &# 34 ;. within the bark layer 2 is an intermediate layer 3 , which , although somewhat less tough and without the thorns which project from the outer layer , also is more or less round and typically , in this region of a stalk of this size , is about 1 . 37 inches ( 3 . 5 cm .) in diameter . however , characteristically , the outer periphery of the intermediate layer 3 is eccentric with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the outer layer 2 . thus , the thickness of the outer layer 2 to varies significantly from place to place radially around the stalk , viewing the stalk in cross section . within the intermediate layer 3 is the palmheart 4 that is to be recovered . that , too , is more or less circular in cross section , but about 3 / 4 inch ( 1 . 9 cm .) in diameter in this region of the example given . however , the outer peripheral surface of the palmheart 4 is also eccentric with respect to that of both the intermediate and bark layers by which it is encased . further , there usually is no predictable relationship between the degree or position of these two instances of eccentricity , one to the other . for these reasons , in removing the successive layers to get to the palmheart 4 , the usual practice is first to make a linear knife cut of the type shown as 8a in fig1 a , through the thickest portion of the outer layer 2 . this cut usually needs only to be part way through the bark layer , but , although it is not desirable to do so , limited penetration of the knife through to the intermediate layer may occur since ultimately the intermediate layer is discarded . the top position is selected because it provides the most depth for the cut and , therefore , less likelihood of cutting into the intermediate layer at the same time . optionally , a second linear slit may be cut in the bark layer 2 , as shown at 8b , roughly opposite the first cut , to facilitate breaking the bark layer 2 away from that which underlies it . to accommodate the lack of congruence of the eccentricities as between the two layers while still making cuts in the thickest portion of each the stalk is next reoriented by rotating it so that a cut , corresponding to that shown as 9a in fig1 b , may be made through the intermediate layer 3 , again in its thickest portion . in all instances of making cuts in layers , care is to be exercised to avoid the cuts being so deep as to invade the next adjacent inner layer . fig1 c and 1d illustrate side views of the same type of stalk . they show , in particular , the tapered portion 5 which is interposed between the meristem portion 7 that , in the growing plant , is closest to the ground , and the upper portion 1 which joins the tapered portion 5 at a comparatively weak annular ring 6 in the outer bark layer . in order to ensure maximum retrieval of useful palm heart , the top part 7 of the meristem is cut as part of the harvested palm stalk , the difficulties in handling it notwithstanding . it is particularly to be noted that the annular ringlike region 6 in the outer bark layer 2 at the juncture between the tapered portion and the upper portion of the stalk is more susceptible to breaking upon being flexed than is the rest of the outer layer 2 . as will be apparent from what follows , this is a characteristic upon which embodiments of this invention capitalize . fig2 through 7 illustrate an embodiment of this invention which is adapted for use in recovering the palmheart section from cut lengths of palmetto palm stalks . as shown at the top of fig2 raw palm stalks 1 are fed by conveyers 100 , 102 to a bark stripper 10 . they have been cut in the field in continuous lengths , each of which includes a relatively small diameter top portion of the stalk , a relatively larger diameter meristem portion , and an intermediate tapered - section connecting the two . after the outer bark layer in the smaller diameter top section has been removed in the bark stripper 10 , that bark is discharged . the palm stalk , which now consists of the de - barked smaller diameter top portion still attached to the intermediate tapered and larger diameter meristem portions with the bark still on them , is passed to a cutter 105 in which the smaller diameter top portion is severed from the remainder . that remainder is moved by conveyors to a corer device 150 , which embodies this invention , where its palmheart center is removed by a coring operation and the remainder is discarded . the palmheart pieces so recovered may then be passed to other conveyors by means of which they are carried to a second cutter device where they are cut to desired lengths and then put through a scalder to stabilize them organically before they are packed . optionally , the smaller diameter upper stalk portions which , following the initial bark - stripping operation , include the inner , palmheart core and its surrounding intermediate layer , may be carried by a conveyer to an intermediate layer stripping device 200 where the intermediate layer is removed and discarded . the palmheart core that is left may be carried to a cutter device 110 . there it is cut to desired lengths and then put through a scalder to stabilize it organically before they are packed . the stalk segment as previously described of the interconnected tapered and meristem portions , is , as has been noted , passed on to a coring device 150 , such as that now described , which embodies the present invention . fig3 and 5 are , respectively , front and side elevation views , and a top plan view of a such a palmheart corer . it includes a machine frame 151 which supports a rotating table 152 that is driven by a motor 156 . the top of the table 152 supports several fixtures 80 ( eight of them , are shown in fig5 ) which will be described in greater detail later . at the back of the table 152 are coring backing assemblies 160 , each of which includes a backing plug 164 . it is possible for such backing plugs to be positionally fixed or swung into backing position , so that while the corresponding end of a palm stalk segment is aligned with it , the thrust of the coring knife as hereinafter described will close any gap between the end of the segment and the backing plug . however , since the stalk segments usually are of irregular length , in a preferred arrangement , each such plug 164 is attached to a plate 161 that is moveable vertically on a bar 163 by means of an actuating pneumatic cylinder 162 , thereby enabling a backing plug 164 to be moved into and out of position as hereinafter described . positioned beneath the table 152 is a coring mechanism 170 . as shown in fig4 and 6 in particular , the coring mechanism 170 includes a hollow , cylindrical tubular cutting knife 171 , the top edge of which has been sharpened to form a substantially round coring knife blade 173 . this is positioned above a discharge tube 172 and may be actuated vertically and by means of linkage 166 moving along bar 168 through operation of a pneumatic cylinder 169 . the interior configuration of the backing plug 164 is to be noted as shown in fig4 which depicts the backing assembly in the &# 34 ; open &# 34 ; position , and in fig6 and 7 which depict the backing assembly 160 in the &# 34 ; closed &# 34 ; position . in the latter (&# 34 ; closed &# 34 ;) position , the backing plug 164 has been moved downward to bear against the meristem end of a tapered / meristem section 5 of a palm stalk to hold it in a vertical (&# 34 ; standing on end &# 34 ;) orientation . at the same time , the coring knife 171 has thrust upward until its top knife edge 173 is positioned in the annular depression 165 in the bottom end of the backing plug 164 , in order to perform the desired coring operation by disassociating and removing the palmheart core segment 5a from the intermediate and bark layers of the meristem / tapered portions which surround it . the segment 5a so removed is retained within the knife 171 until , as is shown in fig7 in particular , the next cutting cycle when the segment 5b then cored acts as a ram to push segment 5a downward within the tubular knife . typically , up to two such segments may be retained within the tubular knife until a third segment is cored , at which point the tubular knife is over filled , so that the newly cored third segment , acting via previously cored segments residing within the knife , pushes the originally cored segment 5a free from being retained by the tubular knife , causing it to fall freely via the guide tube 172 into a collection container . fig6 also illustrates details of the fixtures 80 that are affixed to the top of the table 152 . each such fixture 80 includes a receiving socket 82 which has a conical seat into which the upper surface of the tapered portion of an inverted palm stalk may be positioned . this socket member 82 is formed in two halves which can be moved apart from each other as hereinafter described . each fixture 80 has four sets of support members , each of which includes a vertical support post 84 , a retention dog 86 , and a spring bias means 88 by means of which the bottom of each dog is biased toward the center of the fixture . by this means , an inverted tapered portion of a palm stalk that is placed in the fixture may be retained in that position . in operation , a machine operator ( manual or mechanical ) positioned at the front of the table , places the tapered portion of an inverted palm stalk section in two adjacent fixtures 80 at the same time . an electronic programer then causes the table to rotate 90 degrees ( e . g ., from the left ), so that the operator can place two more such palm stalk sections into the two empty fixtures which have now moved ( in this example , from the left ) so as to be in front of the operator . the table again turns 90 degrees and two more stalk sections are similarly inserted ; and so forth . when the first two stalk sections are positioned at the location of the coring assemblies 160 , the backing plug 164 comes down to abut the top end of the inverted palm stalk sufficiently tightly for it to hold the stalk in place against the upward thrust of the cylindrical coring knife 171 . if the tubular knife contains a sufficient number of palmheart segments from previous coring sequences , when the coring knife 171 has moved upward , the bottommost among the palmheart core segments will be pushed out of the cylindrical knife by the coring operation and allowed to drop into a container or onto a conveyor belt to be carried away for further processing . the backing plug and coring knife are then withdrawn , the former upward and the latter downward , so that the table is free to make its next quarter - revolution . such machine motions also occur in response to the programmer having actuated the drive motor . the table then makes another quarter turn , upon completion of which the previous operations again occur on palm stalks that were later positioned in the machine . however , since the fixtures 80 after each coring operation still contain the cored - out remains of the meristem / tapered portions of the palm stalks , the halves of the receiving socket 82 in each are opened up through operation of valving 154 so that those remains drop out by gravity for subsequent disposal . from the foregoing it will be seen that it is possible , through practice of this invention , to harvest , process and package palmheart automatically , accommodating the wide variety in physical conditions which are typical in such products . accordingly , it is to be understood that the embodiments of this invention herein illustrated and discussed are by way of illustration and not of limitation , and that a wide variety of embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of this invention .
apparatus and methods are disclosed for removing palm hearts from the tapered and &# 34 ; meristem &# 34 ; sections of cut lengths of stalks of palm , each of which had included a large &# 34 ; meristem &# 34 ; section joined to a smaller diameter top section by an intermediate tapered section , and had a palm heart that runs the length of the stalk as a core member inside an intermediate layer that is surrounded by a thorny outer bark layer . after removel of the smaller diameter section from the remainder of the stalk , the remaining tapered and &# 34 ; meristem &# 34 ; sections are caused to be retentively positioned in coring means by which , backed by means for retaining the work piece in position , a coring knife moves substantially coaxially to the piece from one of its ends to core out and remove the palmheart core from the remainder of the work piece . embodiments include such means per se and methods for carrying out the foregoing processes .