the present invention provides a protective element consisting of one or more spider web structures for use in protective headgear . the spider web structure ( s ) replace conventional internal padding . for simplicity , the term “ football helmet ” will be used hereinafter to refer to any type of protective headgear typically using internal padding to protect the head and or neck of a wearer thereof from bodily injury from external impact to the head and / or upper neck . while a football helmet has been used for purposes of illustration and disclosure , it will be recognized that the spider web structures of the invention may be modified to work with virtually any protective helmet . the protective “ padding ” and restraint element of the invention consists of a first spider web - like structures conformally surrounding a wearer &# 39 ; s head , surrounded by a second , spider web - like structure spaced apart therefrom . the first and second spider web structures surround and envelope the head of a wearer of a helmet incorporating the web structures . such web structures may be formed from a relatively new product , artificial spider web silk . artificial silk has both great strength and flexibility . while humans have relied on silk for more than 2 , 000 years , scientists have herebefore not been able to unravel the mystery of how spiders and silkworms produced their strong fibers . researchers have now discovered the mechanism for producing strong natural silk , providing critical new information about nature &# 39 ; s strongest fiber . spider silk is among the toughest materials known , but it is not entirely unique . it is merely one of the most dramatic examples of a sizable family of biopolymers that can teach much about how to improve upon man - made products . in many cases the biopolymers possess a combination of properties that synthetic materials cannot yet provide . basically , the concept is to copy , to the extent possible , the way that nature manufacturers products ( i . e ., biosynthesis ). artificial spider web silk is an excellent example of such a man - made material . the polymeric component materials existing at the time of the first invention of artificial spider silk were kevlar ® and nylon . kevlar ® is a strong but inflexible para - aramid synthetic material while nylon is a polyamide synthetic material that is flexible but not very strong . it will be recognized that ongoing research is expected to provide even stronger , more flexible artificial silk materials in the future . consequently , the invention is not considered limited to the kevlar ®/ nylon blend used for purposes of disclosure . rather , the invention is intended to include any artificial or natural fiber exhibiting properties of strength and flexibility allowing web or net structures to be formed therefrom . one or more web structures , typically spaced apart from one another may be incorporated into a helmet . typically , the first , inner web structure contacts the head of the helmet wearer . when more than one web structure is incorporated into the helmet , a second web surrounds the first web and is spaced apart therefrom . each web structure is independently attached , typically removably attached , to the outer hard helmet shell or to some fitting directly attached thereto . referring first to fig1 , there is shown a perspective , exploded view of a typical inner web structure poised for insertion into a modified conventional helmet of the prior art , generally at reference number 100 . web structure 100 typically consists of a plurality of small “ spider webs ” 102 a , 102 b . . . 102 n held together at their edges . as may readily be seen in fig1 , each spider web 102 a , 102 b . . . 102 n mimics a web formed in nature by a silk - spinning spider . typically , a natural spider web has a number of spaced apart strands radiating outward from a central point of the web connected together by a series of spaced apart strands , typically forming polygonal figures of ever increasing size but centered on the central point . web structure 100 may be constructed from any desired number of spider webs 102 a , 102 b . . . 102 n and spider webs 102 a , 102 b . . . 102 n may be all of one size or , in alternate embodiments spider webs 102 a , 102 b . . . 102 n may be of different sizes . each of spider webs 102 a , 102 b . . . 102 n is ideally made from an artificial silk material . regardless of the configuration of spider webs 102 a , 102 b . . . 102 n , web structure 100 is constructed to be somewhat smaller than the head 104 of an intended wearer , best seen in fig2 . the resiliency of web structure 100 will accommodate a wide range of head 104 sizes . it will be recognized that human head 104 forms no part of the present invention and is included merely to illustrate we structure 100 in its intended operating environment . holes 106 may be left in web structure 100 as required to accommodate a helmet feature , none of which are shown . all or some of the perimeter edge 108 of web structure 100 may be reinforced with bias tape ( sometimes referred to as bias binding ) 110 or another reinforcing edge treatment . one method for attaching bias tape 110 to web structure 100 is by folding bias tape 110 over perimeter edge 108 and then stitching through both a front and rear layers of bias tape 110 along a major axis of bias tape 110 , thereby trapping and securing perimeter edge 108 therebetween . both bias tape 110 and its installation are believed to be well known to those of skill in the art . consequently , neither is further described nor discussed herein . a perimeter edge 108 reinforced with bias tape 110 or a similar structure provides many options for connecting web structure 100 to an appropriate inside surface 112 of a football helmet 114 . it is preferable but not necessarily mandatory that web structure 100 be removably installed in football helmet 114 . the use of connecting elements 116 such as snaps , one or more zippers , a hook - and - loop fastening system , or other similar fastening elements allows installation and removal of web structure 100 . if removability of web structure 100 from helmet 114 is not required , a permanent fastening method such as an adhesive , stitching , ultrasonic welding , or any other suitable permanent fastening system , none of which are shown , but all believed to be known to those of skill in the art may be utilized . referring now to fig3 , there is shown a side elevational , cross - sectional , schematic view of web structure 100 installed in a football helmet 114 . while it is anticipated that web structure 100 may be retained in helmet 114 only by its perimeter edge 108 , it is possible that for some applications or for some types of helmet that additional interconnections to helmet 114 will be required . such connections are generally resilient tethers 118 having a proximal end 120 connected to the surface of web structure 100 at any desired point on its outer surface . a distal end 122 of resilient tether 118 may be connected to an inside surface 112 of helmet 114 by receptacles 126 as best seen in fig6 a and 6 b . resilient tethers 118 may be used to hold a selected portion of web structure 100 in a predetermined spatial relationship to helmet 114 . resilient tethers 118 are ideally formed from artificial spider silk because of the mechanical properties thereof already discussed . it will be recognized , however , that other resilient materials may be substituted . consequently , the invention is not considered limited to the artificial spider silk chosen for purposes of disclosure . rather , the invention in intended to include any other suitable material . an air gap 132 is formed between web structure 150 and an inner surface 112 of helmet 114 . the embodiment of the invention shown in fig1 , 2 , and 3 includes only a single spider web structure 100 . while highly advantageous when compared to conventional padding of the prior art , it may be desirable to add a second , spaced apart outer spider web structure 150 . referring now also to fig4 , there is shown an exploded , perspective , schematic view of the spider web structure 100 and the football helmet 114 of fig1 with an intervening artificial spider silk outer web structure 150 . unlike spider web structure 100 , outer spider silk structure 150 is a basket - like structure formed by vertical bands 152 a , 152 b - 152 n of artificial silk . horizontal artificial spider silk cross bands 154 a , 154 b . . . 154 n are attached to vertical artificial spider silk bands 152 a , 152 b - 152 n at their intersections therewith . the designation 152 x is used to designate any one of vertical bands 152 a - 152 n ends of vertical artificial spider silk bands 152 a , 152 b - 152 n are typically removable attached to perimeter 108 of spider web structure 100 and , subsequently to football helmet 114 as described hereinabove . however , to retain a spaced apart relationship to spider web structure 100 , resilient tethers 118 are required . referring now also to fig5 , there is shown a side elevational , cross - sectional , schematic view of spider web structure surrounded by outer artificial silk structure 150 installed in football helmet 114 . resilient tethers 118 are permanently connected to outer artificial spider silk structure 150 at their proximal ends 120 . if outer artificial spider silk structure 150 is permanently attached to football helmet 114 , then distal ends 122 of resilient tethers 118 may be permanently connected to an inner surface of football helmet 114 . however , if outer artificial spider silk structure 150 is designed to be removably attached to football helmet 114 , then a disconnectable attachment mechanism 124 must be used to connect distal ends 122 of resilient tethers 118 to football helmet 114 . refer no also to fig6 a and 6 b . in one embodiment of such a disconnectable attachment , a ball 124 may be integrally formed at distal end 122 of resilient tethers 118 . ball 124 may then be received and retained in a spring loaded receptacle 126 with a safety lock 130 to prevent accidental release of ball 124 . receptacle 126 may be affixed to an inside surface 112 of helmet 114 with a strong adhesive , ultrasonic welding , or any other suitable attachment process material , none shown : such materials and processes are believed to be well known to those of skill in the art and , consequently , are not further described or discussed herein . in fig6 a , ball 124 is poised for inserting into receptacle 126 . in fig6 b , ball 124 is positioned within receptacle 126 and safety lock 130 is in a closed , locked orientation . it will be recognized that numerous alternative designs of an attachment such as a spring loaded receptacle may be substituted therefor . consequently , the invention is not considered limited to the particular attachment ( i . e ., spring loaded , locking receptacle chosen for purposes of disclosure . rather , the invention is intended to include any and all suitable devices for retaining a distal end of resilient tether 118 to football helmet 114 . since other modifications and changes varied to fit particular operating requirements and environments will be apparent to those skilled in the art , the invention is not considered limited to the example chosen for purposes of disclosure , and covers all changes and modifications which do not constitute departures from the true spirit and scope of this invention . having thus described the invention , what is desired to be protected by letters patent is presented in the subsequently appended claims .
a protective component for use within a protective helmet such as a football helmet that includes one or more spider web - like structures formed from a fine but strong polymeric fiber , preferably artificial spider web silk . the one or more spider web layers are spaced apart one from another as well as from any conventional padding foam lining the hard shell of a helmet . the web layer or layers is / are independently attached to the helmet shell , generally by their edges . the innermost web layer surrounds and conforms to a wearer &# 39 ; s head . the spider web elements provide excellent protection to the head of a wearer of the protective helmet . the use of the inventive web layers allows the production of fewer helmet sizes while still resulting in a perfect conformal fit to a wide range of head sizes and / or shapes within a particular helmet size .