fig1 shows an umbrella safety locking and release device 10 according to the invention , as applied to a typical beach or garden patio umbrella 12 . the umbrella 12 includes a top covering or canopy 14 that is supported by an umbrella mast 16 an upper portion of which is shown in the figure . a lower portion of the mast 16 ( not shown ) is typically secured in the ground , or to a weighted base fixture . when the umbrella 10 is in an open condition depicted by solid lines in fig1 , and a wind force w is acting upward on the open canopy 14 , forces tending to lift the umbrella 12 out of the ground or base fixture are developed at the top of the mast 16 . therefore , if the lower portion of the mast 16 is not adequately weighted or anchored in the ground , the umbrella 12 can become airborne with the potential of causing serious personal injury and property damage . the umbrella 12 also has an associated operating runner or collar 18 that is mounted coaxially on the mast 16 to run upward or downward , and a number of support elements 20 that extend radially of the collar 18 to open or close the canopy 14 when the collar is raised or lowered on the mast 16 using , for example , a conventional pull cord and pulley arrangement 21 . in the disclosed embodiment , ends of the support elements 20 remote from the collar 18 are pivoted to corresponding canopy support ribs 22 that extend radially from a circular flange at the top of the mast 16 , beneath the center of the canopy 14 . it will be understood that components of the wind force w acting upward on the open canopy 14 are transmitted through the canopy support ribs 22 and support elements 20 to the collar 18 , and that such forces will tend to raise the collar from its normal open position with respect to the mast 16 , as depicted by arrow r in fig1 . when opening the umbrella 12 from a closed or storage condition represented by dashed lines in fig1 , the collar 18 is run upward on the mast 16 by way of , e . g ., the cord and pulley arrangement 21 until the collar is at a position just above a pair of diametrically opposed holes 24 a , 24 b formed in the wall of the mast . an elongate locking pin 40 of the device 10 ( see fig2 ) is inserted through the holes 24 a , 24 b from outside of the mast 16 , and the collar 18 is released to rest on the inserted pin 40 . it will be understood that the collar 18 will exert a downward force on the pin 40 to counteract the force being applied through the support elements 20 to maintain the canopy 14 in a normal open condition . fig2 is a side view of a first embodiment of a safety locking and release device 10 according to the invention . the device 10 includes the locking pin 40 which may be formed of metallic or other sturdy material sufficient to withstand the downward force exerted by the umbrella collar 18 without shearing , when the umbrella canopy 14 is opened and the collar is released to rest on the pin as explained above . as seen in fig2 , the device 10 has an associated biasing mechanism 42 that is mounted on the pin 40 . the mechanism 42 has a distal end ( at the left side of the drawing ) in the form of , for example , a flat plate 44 having an opening 44 a through which the shaft of the locking pin 40 can slide freely . the plate 44 of the biasing mechanism may therefore be displaced from a rest position shown in fig2 to an operating position at which the plate 44 is located near the proximal end of the pin 40 ( at the right side of the drawing ; see arrow b ). therefore , in the operating position of the plate 44 , a substantial portion of the pin 40 from its distal end is exposed for insertion through the mast holes 24 a , 24 b . the biasing mechanism 42 also has a proximal end , for example , a washer or plate 46 that is fixed or otherwise captured at the proximal end of the locking pin 40 . a biasing element which may be in the form of a coil spring 48 is disposed coaxially on the pin 40 , and the distal and proximal ends of the spring 48 are fixed to the distal and proximal ends 44 , 46 of the mechanism 42 . alternatively , the proximal end of the spring 48 may be fixed directly to the proximal end of the locking pin 40 by a weld or other conventional fastening technique . in use of the device 10 , the proximal end of the locking pin 40 may be grasped manually , and the distal end of the pin 40 is aligned with the mast holes 24 a , 24 b after the umbrella collar 18 is raised above the holes . next , the proximal end of the pin 40 is urged toward the mast to insert the pin preferably through both of the diametrically opposed holes 24 a , 24 b , while the distal end ( e . g ., plate 44 ) of the biasing mechanism 42 confronts the outside circumference of the mast 16 . the device 10 then assumes an operating configuration in which the distal end of the biasing mechanism 42 is displaced toward the proximal end of the locking pin 40 to compress the spring 48 , and the proximal end of the biasing mechanism 42 applies a determined bias force from the compressed spring 48 to the proximal end of the pin 40 that tends to withdraw or eject the pin 40 out of the mast . the umbrella collar 18 is then lowered to rest on the inserted locking pin 40 . it will be understood that as long as the collar 18 exerts enough force on the pin 40 to overcome the bias force tending to eject the pin , the pin will stay in place in the mast 16 to block downward movement of the collar 18 , thereby keeping the umbrella 12 in a desired open condition . as soon as the wind force w ( fig1 ) acting on the opened umbrella canopy 14 is strong enough to urge the collar 18 to rise off of the locking pin 40 , as explained above , the force applied by the collar 18 on the locking pin 40 is no longer sufficient to overcome the bias force applied by the mechanism 42 to withdraw the pin . therefore , the pin 40 is quickly ejected out of the mast 16 , and the collar 18 is free to descend as the canopy collapses and the wind force w acting on the umbrella 12 diminishes accordingly . fig3 is a side view of a second embodiment of a safety locking and release device 110 according to the invention . elements of the device 110 that are the same or similar to elements of the device 10 in fig2 , have corresponding reference numerals increased by 100 . in the device 110 , a leaf spring 148 is substituted for the coil spring 48 as a biasing element of biasing mechanism 142 in fig3 . operation of the device 110 of fig3 is in other respects the same as that of the device 10 in fig2 . fig4 is a side view of a third embodiment of a safety locking and release device 210 according to the invention . the device 210 includes a biasing mechanism 212 having an elongated hollow tubular housing 214 , and a locking pin 240 mounted for axial sliding movement inside of the housing 214 . when the device 210 is in a rest condition shown in fig4 , a distal end of the pin 240 protrudes minimally from an opening in a distal end wall 216 of the housing 214 . a biasing element , e . g ., a spring 218 , has one end connected to the proximal end of the locking pin 240 , and the opposite end of the spring 218 is connected to a proximal end wall 220 of the housing 214 . a stem 222 extends radially from the proximal end of the locking pin 240 , and a tip 222 a of the stem protrudes through an axial slot 224 in the circumference of the housing 214 . in use of the device 210 , the tip 222 a of the stem 222 on the locking pin 240 is advanced in the direction of the distal end wall 216 of the housing 214 , thereby tensioning the spring 218 and exposing a substantial portion of the pin 240 from the distal end of the pin for insertion through the umbrella mast holes 24 a , 24 b . in such an operating configuration for the device 210 , the tensioned spring 218 or equivalent biasing element applies a bias force to the proximal end of the pin 240 that will quickly eject the inserted pin from the mast openings 24 a , 24 b if the collar 18 is urged upward from its rest position on the pin . the magnitudes of the bias forces to be applied to the locking pins 40 , 140 , 240 in the embodiments of fig2 and 4 , can be determined by one skilled in the art and will depend , among other factors , on the physical characteristics of the particular material ( s ) used to form the pins , and measurements of typical forces applied by the collar 18 when the umbrella is opened and the collar is released to rest on the inserted pin . to meet a variety of applications , the disclosed devices 10 , 110 , 210 may be modified using conventional techniques so that the bias forces produced by compressing or tensioning the spring elements of the various biasing mechanisms are adjustable over preset ranges . also , while it is important that upon ejection of the locking pin of the device from the mast 16 the device is free to drop toward the ground and out of the path of the umbrella collar 18 , a part ( e . g ., the proximal end of the locking pin 40 , or the end wall 220 ) may be linked via a flexible wire or cord to another part of the umbrella 12 so that the device is not easily lost once it has been deployed . while the foregoing represents preferred embodiments of the invention , it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention , and that the invention includes all such modifications and changes as come within the scope of the following claims .
a device that releases an operating collar from an open position on the mast of an opened beach or patio umbrella in the presence of a strong wind , allowing the umbrella canopy to close thereby diminishing the wind force acting on the umbrella . the device includes a locking pin and an associated biasing mechanism . in a working configuration of the device , the pin is exposed for insertion through certain holes in the mast . a distal end of the mechanism faces the mast while a proximal end of the mechanism applies a bias force to a proximal end of the pin . the collar rests on the inserted pin with enough force to overcome the bias force tending to eject the pin . when the collar is urged to rise because of a strong wind acting on the umbrella , the pin ejects thus freeing the collar to move downward as the umbrella canopy closes .