reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of the present invention which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings . wherever possible , the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts . fig1 shows an exploded view of an exemplary in - line skate 20 constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention . the illustrated skate 20 is a right skate which is used in combination with a left skate constructed in the mirror - image of the right skate 20 . generally , the skate 20 includes a boot 22 having a shell portion 24 , a cuff portion 26 and a removable inner liner 28 . a low - profile frame 30 is connected to a sole 31 of the shell portion 24 of the boot 22 . a plurality of wheels 32 are mounted in tandem along the length of the frame 30 . an h - block 34 is positioned between the wheels 32 and is connected to a mid - region of the frame 30 . the skate 20 is also equipped with an optional power strap 36 for tightening the boot 22 about a user &# 39 ; s ankle . the various components of the skate 20 will be described in greater detail in the following paragraphs . in particular , certain features will be described which are designed to accommodate the needs of an aggressive skater . the shell 24 and cuff 26 of the boot 22 are preferably manufactured of wear resistant molded plastic . the cuff 26 includes an aluminum buckle 38 and a strap receiver 40 that cooperate to tighten a strap 42 about the cuff 26 ( for clarity , these components are only illustrated in fig1 ). the strap 42 is connected to the buckle 38 and has teeth that engage a locking pawl within the receiver 40 to secure the strap 42 about the cuff 26 and to allow the tightness of the strap 42 to be adjusted . the buckle 38 and strap receiver 40 are preferably connected to the cuff 26 via removable fasteners such as threaded rivets or bolts . consequently , the buckle 30 , strap 42 and strap receiver 40 can be removed from the cuff 26 and replaced without requiring replacement of the entire cuff 26 or boot 22 . the cuff 26 also includes an inside flap 44 and an outside flap 46 that are aligned generally with the strap 42 . when the strap 42 is tightened about the cuff 26 , the flaps 44 and 46 overlap one another and are adapted to conform generally about a user &# 39 ; s shin region . as best shown in fig2 the cuff 26 additionally includes inside and outside edges 48 and 50 that are asymmetrical . specifically , the cuff &# 39 ; s outside edge 50 has a higher elevation than the inside edge 48 . a back edge 52 of the cuff 26 has a curved taper that provides a smooth transition between the inside and outside edges 48 and 50 . the asymmetrical configuration of the cuff 26 provides outside support while concurrently allowing a user &# 39 ; s foot to flex by limiting the inside ankle support . referring to fig2 and 3 , the cuff 26 is further equipped with structure for reducing wear of the buckle 38 . for example , an integrally formed buckle protector 52 projects laterally outward from the outer side of the cuff 26 . the buckle protector 52 has a generally triangular shape and includes four separate protective members . the protective members have outer wear surfaces 54 that taper laterally outward from the cuff 26 . the protective members also form a shoulder 56 that projects transversely outward from the outer side of the cuff 26 . the shoulder 56 intersects with the wear surfaces 54 at an outer edge 58 . the shoulder 56 is located directly below the buckle 38 and preferably projects outward from the cuff 26 a sufficient distance to shield the buckle 38 from grinding . for example , the shoulder 56 preferably projects outward from the cuff 26 a sufficient distance such that when the buckle 38 is fastened , the buckle 38 is recessed with respect to the outer edge 58 of the buckle protector 52 . as best shown in fig5 the cuff 26 is connected to the shell 24 by a pair of pivot members that extend transversely through both the shell 24 and the cuff 26 . the pivot members are preferably threaded bolts 60 that extend through co - axially aligned apertures defined by the shell 24 and the cuff 26 . the bolts 60 are retained within the apertures by t - nuts 62 positioned within the shell 24 . the heads of the bolts 60 fit within annular recesses defined by the outside of the cuff 26 . an elastomeric member , such as a rubber washer 64 , is mounted on each threaded bolt 60 . the apertures defined by the shell 24 and the cuff 26 have diameters slightly larger than the outer diameters of the rubber washers 64 . consequently , when the bolts 60 are threaded within the t - nuts 62 , the washers 64 fit within the apertures and function to center the bolts 60 within the apertures . the resilient nature of the washers 64 allows for a limited range of lateral movement between the cuff 26 and the shell 24 . although the bolts 60 are shown with the threaded ends adjacent to the shell 24 , it will be apparent that the threaded ends could be adjacent to the cuff 26 with the t - nuts 62 or other similar clamping devices fitting within the annular recesses of the cuff 26 . the range of relative movement allowed by the washers is at least partially dependent upon the thickness of the washers ( thickness being defined as the distance between the inner and outer diameters of each washer ). preferably , the washers have inside diameters of about 0 . 19 inches and outside diameters that range generally between 0 . 36 - 0 . 5 inches . consequently , a preferred range of washer widths is 0 . 17 - 0 . 31 inches . the range of relative movement is also at least partially dependent upon the type of elastomeric material used to construct the washers . exemplary washers have readings in the range of 55 - 65 shore a durometers . while the particular embodiment illustrated in the figures shows both the shell 24 and the cuff 26 defining apertures sized to receive the elastomeric washers 64 , in certain other embodiments , only the shell 24 or only the cuff 26 may include apertures sized to receive the washers 64 . referring to fig2 , 9 and 10 , the shell 24 of the boot 22 includes a plurality of first lace openings 66 for receiving boot laces . the lace openings 66 are preferably arranged to align with corresponding second lace openings in the liner 28 . the shell 24 is equipped with structure for protecting the laces from the effects of grinding . for example , the shell 24 includes a plurality of lace protectors 68 that project upward from the top of the shell 24 . the lace protectors 68 are positioned on opposite sides of each of the first lace openings 66 . when boot laces are laced through the first openings 66 , the laces are recessed with respect to the lace protectors 68 and thereby protected from the effects of grinding . the shell 24 also includes structure for preventing the power strap 36 from being grinded . for example , as best shown in fig3 and 10 , the shell 24 includes a protective groove 70 configured to receive a cable 72 of the power strap 36 that loops around the heel of the shell 24 . to accommodate the cable 72 , the protective groove 70 extends along opposite sides of the shell 24 from the heel to the lace region . portions of the protective groove 70 extend beneath the cuff 26 . the protective groove 70 is preferably deep enough to completely inset the cable 72 within the shell 24 . the shell 24 additionally includes structure for encouraging grinding at a predetermined location along on the shell 24 . for example , as shown in fig3 and 8 - 10 , the shell 24 includes a generally v - shaped depression 74 formed by the outside , or lateral , surface of the shell . the deepest portion of the depression 74 is preferably aligned generally with the h - block 34 that is mounted on the central portion of the frame 30 . when a skater slides on an object , the depression 74 channels the object toward the deepest portion of the depression 74 thereby controlling the location at which the shell 24 is grinded . the shell 24 also includes structure designed to complement the low - profile frame 30 . for example , as shown in fig6 the bottom of the sole of the shell 24 defines at least one curved recess 76 for providing clearance for one of the wheels 32 mounted on the frame 30 . the positioning of the recess 76 is dictated by the anatomy of a typical foot . specifically , when a foot is inserted within a boot , the lowest part of the foot is generally defined at the ball region of the foot . the profile of the frame 30 is directly dependent upon the elevational distance between the wheels 32 and the ball region of the foot . consequently , to minimize the profile of the frame 30 , it is desired to minimize the elevational distance between the wheels 32 and the ball region of the foot . this is preferably accomplished by positioning the recess 76 at a predetermined location along the sole of the shell 24 so as to generally coincide with the ball region of a typical foot . in this manner , the recess 76 is configured to provide clearance for a wheel positioned below the ball region of the foot such that a minimal elevational distance between the ball region and the wheel can be achieved . the shell 24 additionally includes structure for providing a solid mechanical connection between the boot 22 and the frame 30 . for example , the shell 24 includes a pair of integrally formed side members 78 that project downward from the bottom of the sole 31 of the shell 24 . when the boot 22 is attached to the frame 30 , the members 78 preferably straddle the frame 30 to resist lateral movement between the frame 30 and boot 22 . another feature for providing a solid mechanical connection between the boot 22 and frame 30 relates to first , second and third conical projections 80 , 82 and 84 that project outward from the bottom of the sole 31 of the boot 22 ( best shown in fig6 ). the conical projections 80 , 82 and 84 are integrally formed with the shell 24 and respectively define first , second , and third conical washer recesses 86 , 88 ; and 90 located along the interior of the shell 24 . the first conical projection 80 is preferably located generally below a heel region of the boot 22 . the second conical projection 82 is preferably located generally below an arch region of the boot 22 . the third conical projection 84 is preferably located below a toe region of the boot 22 . at approximately the center of each of the conical projections 80 , 82 , and 84 , the shell 24 defines first bolt apertures 92 extending generally transversely through the sole 31 of the boot 22 . the first , second and third conical projections 80 , 82 , and 84 of the boot 22 are configured to fit within corresponding conical first , second , and third support recesses 94 , 96 , and 98 ( shown in fig1 and 6 ) defined in a top surface of a platform 99 of the frame 30 . at approximately the center of each of the conical support recesses 94 , 96 , and 98 , the frame 30 defines second bolt apertures 100 extending generally transversely through the platform 99 of the frame 30 . when the boot 22 is mounted on the frame 30 , the first and second bolt apertures 92 and 100 are co - axially aligned . the actual mechanical connection between the boot 22 and the frame 30 is provided by three bolts 102 that extend through the co - axially aligned sets of first and second apertures 92 and 100 . the bolts 102 have heads that engage conical washers 104 that fit within the interior first , second and third conical washer recesses 86 , 88 , and 90 of the shell 24 . the bolts 102 also have threaded ends that project outward from a bottom surface of the platform 99 of the frame 30 . the ends of the bolts 102 are preferably threaded within t - nuts 106 located adjacent to the bottom side of the platform 99 . the t - nuts 106 associated with the first and third conical projections 80 and 84 of the boot 22 are compressed against the bottom side of the frame platform 99 to retain the bolts 102 within the bolt apertures 92 and 100 . the t - nut 106 associated with the second projection 82 of the boot is inserted within a t - shaped slot 108 defined by the h - block 34 . in this manner , the h - block 34 is connected to the frame 30 by the bolt 102 associated with the intermediate conical projection 82 of the boot 22 . by tightening the bolt 102 , the h - block 34 is compressed against the bottom side of the frame platform 99 . it will be appreciated that the term &# 34 ; conical &# 34 ; is intended to generally include a variety of tapered three - dimensional shapes such as truncated cones or truncated pyramids which are adapted to form a mating or nested connection . the shapes can by symmetrical or asymmetrical . the configuration of the mating / nested tapered portions is advantageous for numerous reasons . for example , the tapered configuration of the conical projections 80 , 82 , and 84 allows the skate to effectively transfer impact forces through the frame 30 to the boot 22 with reduced flexing of the frame 30 . specifically , the tapered projections 80 , 82 , and 84 help to spread the impact forces across the sole 31 of the boot 22 . additionally , a majority of the sole 31 of the shell 24 is in direct contact with the top surface of the frame platform 99 . such a large contact area also assists in spreading impact forces across the entire sole 31 of the boot 22 . it will also be appreciated that because the conical projections 80 , 82 , and 84 are nested within corresponding recesses in the top surface of the frame platform 99 , the projections 80 , 82 , and 84 function to resist relative lateral and longitudinal movement between the frame 30 and the boot 22 . the frame 30 of the skate 20 is configured for rotatably connecting the wheels 32 to the boot 22 . for example , the frame 30 includes an inside mounting rail 110 and a outside mounting rail 112 . the mounting rails 110 and 112 are spaced - apart and extend downward from the frame platform 99 . the platform 99 extends transversely between the rails 110 and 112 . the rails 110 and 112 cooperate to define a longitudinal channel for receiving the wheels 32 . the wheels 32 mounted in the channel defined between the rails 110 and 112 include a rear wheel 114 , a rear intermediate wheel 116 , a front intermediate wheel 118 , and a front wheel 120 . the frame 30 is preferably constructed of approximately 28 % glass - filled nylon , but can also be made of other materials such as metals , other types of glass - filled nylons , plastics and composites thereof . referring to fig6 and 7 , the h - block 34 is positioned between the front intermediate wheel 118 and the rear intermediate wheel 116 . the h - block 34 is also positioned between the rails 110 and 112 . the h - block 34 includes curved front and back surfaces that are configured to provide clearance for the front intermediate wheel 118 and the rear intermediate wheel 116 . the h - block 34 also includes a curved bottom side 126 . during aggressive skating , an skater uses the h - block 34 to slide upon objects such as hand rails . the bottom side 126 of the h - block 34 functions as a wear resistant channel adapted to be grinded during aggressive skating . to facilitate smooth grinding and to minimize frictional contact between the frame 34 and the grinding surface , the outside rail 112 has a cut - away slot 128 ( best shown in fig7 - 10 ) which is aligned with a diagonal curve on the h - block 34 . as previously described , the h - block 34 is connected to the frame 30 by a bolt that extends transversely through the boot 22 and the frame platform 99 . the transverse arrangement insures that all hardware for securing the h - block 34 to the frame 30 is concealed . consequently , the metal hardware is protected from being grinded . the h - block 34 is preferably constructed of approximately 28 % glass - filled nylon , but can also be made of other materials such as metals , other types of glass - filled nylons , plastics and composites thereof . the frame 30 also is equipped with further features designed to facilitate grinding of the skate 20 . for example , the frame 30 includes front wings or slide plates 130 that project laterally outward from opposite sides of the frame platform 99 . additionally , the frame 30 includes rear support plates 132 that project laterally outward from opposite sides of the frame platform 99 . the front slide plates 130 preferably extend further outward from the frame platform 99 than the rear support plates 132 while the rear support plates 132 are preferably set higher than the front slide plates 130 . as shown in fig3 the rear support plates 132 are overlapped and straddled by the side members 78 of the shell 24 . the side members 78 are preferably aligned in a common plane with the front slide plates 132 of the platform 99 to provide enhanced stability when sliding or grinding on the toe area of the platform 99 . for use in aggressive skating , it is desirable for a skate to have a low profile . low profile skates are suited for providing a skater with enhanced control , stability and balance . consequently , the frame 30 is equipped with various design features for lowering the profile of the skate 20 . for example , the frame platform 99 includes a rectangular wheel opening 133 positioned between the front and intermediate conical support recesses 96 and 98 . the wheel opening 133 extends transversely through the platform 99 and aligns with the recess 76 defined in the sole of the boot 22 . when the wheels 32 are mounted on the frame 30 , a portion of the front intermediate wheel 118 preferably projects through the wheel opening 133 and into the recess 76 defined by the boot 22 . in this manner , the wheel 118 is positioned in close elevational proximity to the ball region of a users foot thereby reducing the profile of the skate 20 . the distance between the outer boundary of the front intermediate wheel 118 and the bottom of the boot 22 is preferably in the range of 0 . 06 - 0 . 1 inches . such a range is preferred to accommodate varying tolerances in wheel urethanes . the skate profile is also dependent upon the arrangement used to mount the wheels 32 between the rails 110 and 112 . in this regard , as shown in fig1 each wheel 32 is connected to the rails 110 and 112 by a mounting assembly including an axle 134 , a bolt 135 , a pair of steel eccentric cam washers 136 , a pair of four - way eccentric spacers 138 , a pair of bearings 140 , and an aluminum bearing spacer 142 . as shown in the cross - sectional assembled view of fig7 the bearing spacers 142 and the bearings 140 are mounted within the wheels 32 . the eccentric spacers 138 are mounted within spacer openings 144 defined by the left and right rails 110 and 112 . the cam washers 136 are inset within inside cam washer recesses 146 defined by the inside rail 110 and outside cam washer recesses 148 defined by the outside rail 112 . the axles 134 extend through the cam washers 136 , the eccentric spacers 138 , the bearings 140 and the bearing spacers 144 to rotatably mount the wheels 32 between the rails 110 and 112 . the outside cam washer recesses 148 are preferably sufficiently deep such that the heads of the axles 134 are flush or slightly recessed with respect to the outside rail 112 . in this manner , the heads of the axles 134 are protected from grinding additionally , the inside and outside cam washer recesses 146 and 148 include inside and outside bearing shoulders 150 and 152 which are engaged by the cam washers 136 . preferably , the cam washers 136 are constructed of a material that is less flexible and has less give than the material used to construct the eccentric spacers 138 . the preferred material for manufacturing the cam washers 136 is steel . however , it will be appreciated that other materials , such as metals , stainless steel , or stainless steel coated metals , can also be used . preferred materials for manufacturing the eccentric spacer include plastic materials such as delrin 100 st plastic . during normal use of the skate 20 , the eccentric spacers 138 provide primary bearing support for the axles 134 with respect to the rails 110 and 112 . however , when the skate 20 is subjected to high impact forces , typically caused by jumping , the eccentric spacers 138 have a tendency to slightly give , flex , yield , deform , or become over - stressed . the cam washers 136 cooperate with the bearing shoulders 150 and 152 of the cam washer recesses 146 and 148 to limit the amount the eccentric spacers 138 deform . specifically , when the spacers 138 deform in response to impact forces , the cam washers 136 engage the shoulders 150 and 152 to provide additional bearing support to the axles 134 . the supplemental support provided by the cam washers 136 prevents the eccentric spacers 138 from over - stressing . additionally , it is noted that the skate 20 is constructed with the front intermediate wheel 118 in close proximity to the sole of the boot 22 . in this regard , it is significant that the supplemental support provided by the cam washers 136 prevents the wheel 118 from engaging the bottom of the boot 22 when the skate is exposed to high impact forces . referring to fig1 and 11a - 11d , the eccentric spacers 138 include round shoulder portions 154 and diamond - shaped spacer portions 156 . axle holes 158 are defined by the diamond - shaped spacer portions 156 of the eccentric spacers 138 . the axle holes 158 are preferably positioned on first diagonals 157 which extend between first and second rounded corners 200 and 202 of the diamond - shaped spacer portions 156 . the axle holes 158 are located generally adjacent to the first corners 200 of the spacer portions 156 . second diagonals 159 extend between third and fourth rounded corners 204 and 206 of the diamond - shaped portions 156 and perpendicularly intersect the first diagonals 157 generally at centers of the diamond - shaped portions 156 . the diamond - shaped spacer portions 156 are sized to fit within the spacer openings 144 defined by the rails 110 and 112 . when the spacers 138 are mounted on the rails 110 and 112 , the diamond - shaped portions 156 fit within the spacer openings 144 and the shoulder portions 154 engage inside surfaces of the rails 110 and 112 ( see fig7 ). it will be appreciated that the spacer - openings 144 have diamond shapes that correspond to the diamond shapes of the spacers 138 . as shown in fig1 , the spacer openings 144 are arranged such that rounded first corners 208 of the diamond - shaped openings 144 are positioned directly adjacent to the bottoms of the rails 110 and 112 . a diagonal 145 extends between the first corner 208 and a second rounded corner 210 of each diamond shaped opening 144 and is preferably substantially perpendicular to the length of the rails 110 and 112 so as to typically be arranged in a vertical orientation . another diagonal 147 extends between third and fourth rounded corners 212 and 214 of each diamond - shaped opening 144 and is preferably substantially parallel to the length of the rails 110 and 112 . in use , the eccentric spacers 138 allow each axle 134 to be set at four different locations relative to the frame 30 . for example , the axle hole 158 of each spacer 138 can be moved between a forward position ( shown in fig1 d ), a lower position ( shown in fig1 a ), a rearward position ( shown in fig1 b ), and an upper position ( shown in fig1 c ). in fig3 , 7 , and 8 - 10 , the two front axles are shown in the forward positions while the two rear axles are shown in the rearward positions . such a configuration maximizes the space between the intermediate wheels 116 and 118 to facilitate grinding of the h - block 34 . it will be appreciated that whenever the position of one of the sets of eccentric spacers 138 is changed , the position of the corresponding sets of eccentric cam washers 136 is also changed such that the eccentric axle holes in the washers 136 are maintained in alignment with the axle holes 158 of the eccentric spacers 138 . the eccentric spacers 138 allow wheels of varying sizes to be used with the frame 30 . for example , by moving the front axle to the forward position , the rear axle to the rearward position , and the intermediate axles to the lower positions , smaller wheels can be mounted on the intermediate axles to increase size of the h - block 34 gap between the intermediate wheels while larger wheels can be mounted on the front and rear axles . in one particular illustrative embodiment , wheels having 65 mm radii are mounted on the front and rear axles while wheels having 55 mm radii are mounted on the intermediate axles . in such a configuration , the eccentric spacers allow the different sized wheels to maintain contact with the ground surface by raising the elevations of the front and rear axles by 10 mm with respect to the intermediate axles . the spacers 138 can also be used for rockering the wheels 32 to simulate a hockey skate blade . this can accomplished by orienting the axle holes of the front and rear eccentric spacers in the upper positions , the axle hole of the front intermediate spacer in the forward position , and the axle hole of the rear intermediate spacer in the rearward position . other configurations can also be utilized to rocker the skate 20 . the axle holes 158 of the spacers 138 are preferably positioned at predetermined locations along the diagonals of the diamond - shaped spacer portions 156 such that predetermined clearance spacings are maintained between the wheels , particularly the front intermediate wheel 118 , and the sole 31 of the boot 22 . for example , in one particular embodiment , when the axle holes 158 are in the forward or rearward positions , a wheel having a 55 mm radius will have a spacing distance of approximately 1 / 8 inch with respect to the sole of the boot . similarly , when the axle holes 158 are in the lower position , a wheel having a 65 mm radius will also have a spacing distance of approximately 1 / 8 inch with respect to the sole of the boot . it will be appreciated that in such an embodiment , there is a 10 mm difference in elevation between the location of the axle holes when the spacers are in the forward or rearward positions , as compared to the location of the axle holes when the spacers are in the upper or lower positions . it will also be appreciated that by utilizing spacers 138 having axle holes 158 located at different positions along the diagonals of the diamond - shaped portions 156 , an infinite number of wheel sizes can be utilized while maintaining the same predetermined spacing between the wheels and the boot 22 . the diamond - shaped spacers 138 and spacer openings 144 are advantageous for numerous reasons . for example , the diamond - shaped configuration , with the axle holes aligned on the diagonals , allows for large wheel spacing variations . the large variation in wheel spacing is achieved via spacers that occupy relatively small areas . additionally , the arrangement of the diamond - shaped spacer openings 144 assists in transferring forces through the frame 30 and allows axles 134 to be placed in close proximity to the bottoms of the rails 110 and 112 without unduly weakening the frame 30 . it will be appreciated that the various components of the skate 20 can be sold in customized kits . for example , eccentric spacers and their corresponding eccentric washers can be sold in a kit with a set of wheels and an h - block . preferably , the positioning of the axle holes within the eccentric spacers and washers is dependent upon and customized with respect to the diameters of the wheels . because the spacers are customized with respect to the wheels , when the wheels are mounted on a skate , a predetermined clearance spacing will exist between the wheels and the sole of the skate boot . it is also preferred for the size and shape of the h - block to be customized with respect to the wheels to insure that the h - block will not interfere with the wheels when the wheels and h - block are mounted on a skate . with regard to the foregoing description , it is to be understood that changes may be made in detail , especially in matters of the construction materials employed and the shape , size , and arrangement of the parts without departing from the scope of the present invention . it is intended that the specification and depicted embodiment be considered exemplary only , with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the broad meaning of the following claims .
an in - line skate is disclosed having a rigid frame with a platform and having a boot with a shell . the shell includes a sole . two longitudinal parallel rails extend downwardly from a lower side of the platform . a plurality of in - line skate wheels are secured to the frame . an upper side of the platform has first , second and third recesses in toe , heel and intermediate portions of the platform , respectively . a lower side of the sole of the boot has first , second and third projections in toe , heel and intermediate portions of the sole , respectively . the first , second and third projections of the sole matingly engage the first , second and third recesses of the platform , respectively , when the boot is coupled to the frame . fasteners secure the boot to the frame at the first , second and third recesses of the frame . a block is disclosed including top and bottom sides . sidewalls extend between the top and bottom sides . the block is supported between the longitudinal rails of the frame and is positioned between outer circumferences of two adjacent wheels . the block is spaced from each of the two adjacent wheels . a fastener is included for mounting the block to the frame and is entirely contained between planes defined by the longitudinal rails of the frame .