the invention can perhaps be better appreciated by making reference to the drawings . in fig1 , a catheter 142 is shown in schematic fashion , which catheter could be used in accordance with an embodiment of the invention . catheter 142 comprises a handle portion 172 which may be gripped by a user . handle portion 172 comprises a proximal end 174 and a grip portion 176 . inserted into proximal end 174 may be wires 190 or tubing which could provide electricity , coolant , heat , etc ., to catheter 142 . grip 176 comprises an adjustment dial 178 which may be used to adjust the tension of a knob 180 . handle 172 terminates in a distal flexible end portion 186 which in turn is in communication with a distally extending catheter sheath or tubular member 182 . as it is known in the art , catheter sheath 182 may be inserted into a patient by use of various known procedures and devices . catheter sheath 182 terminates in a distal end 188 . distal end 188 may include , for example , electrodes for supplying electrical stimulation , coolant , heat , etc . catheter sheath 182 is physically attached to handle 172 so that movement of handle 172 forward or backward in direction arrow 192 or 194 causes catheter sheath 182 , as well as distal end 188 , to move similarly . rotation or torquing of handle 172 in a clockwise or counterclockwise manner as is shown by arrows 196 and 198 , will impart a similar rotation to catheter sheath 182 . rotation of knob 180 in the direction or arrow 200 or 202 causes deflection of distal end 188 in one of directions such as are shown at 188 a and 188 b . thus , when used manually , commercially available catheters can operate in six ranges of motion : forward and backward in the direction of arrows 192 and 194 , rotatable in the direction arrows 196 and 198 , and deflectable to positions such as at 188 a and 188 b . known remote control catheter insertion devices are not capable of utilizing all of these ranges as a device in accordance with the invention can . the embodiment shown in the drawings primarily relates to the application of the invention to a steerable catheter . however , the robotic control system of the invention is also applicable to other flexible medical devices such as guidewires , introducer sheaths , guiding catheters , or any similar medical device . with regard to fig2 and 3 , there is shown a remotely controlled catheter insertion system 100 which could be used in accordance with the embodiment of the invention . system 100 includes a base 102 which supports a motor housing 104 , a handle controller 120 and a catheter feeder 124 . motor housing 104 houses a motor 105 which receives power and signal control through the use of wires 126 fed through a wire housing 106 and terminal connectors 108 . wires 126 are also fed to handle controller 120 via terminal connectors 108 . as discussed in more detail below , wires 126 supply both power and signal control to motor 105 and handle controller 120 . handle controller 120 is movably supported on base 102 through a metal drive screw 112 . handle controller 120 is connected to drive screw 112 through a drive support 118 . drive support 118 is internally threaded and the internal threads of drive support 118 mate with the external threads of drive screw 112 . in this way , when drive screw 112 rotates , drive support 118 to moves laterally ( in the figures from left to right and right to left or in directions 192 and 194 ) due to the engagement of internal threads in drive support 118 and the external threads of drive screw 112 . stoppers 110 and 114 limit the movement of drive support 118 and thereby , in turn , limit the movement of handle controller 120 . as shown most clearly in fig4 , drive support 118 includes a support base 130 attached to a cantilevered top support 128 and attached to an internally threaded member 132 . top support 128 is attached to a support base 114 of handle controller 120 . as shown in dotted lines , drive screw 112 is fed through a hole in support base 130 and mates with threads of internally threaded member 132 . returning to fig2 - 4 , in this way , rotation of drive screw 112 , causes internally threaded member 132 to move backward or forward ( i . e ., left or right , direction 192 or 194 ). such movement is imparted to support base 130 , to top support 128 , and then , in turn , to handle controller 120 . a sensor may be disposed proximate to motor 105 , drive screw 112 , drive support 118 or handle controller 120 to sense a movement of handle controller 120 . the structure of the handle controller 120 is described in greater detail in fig5 , 6 and 7 . handle controller 120 comprises a housing 134 ( shown in an open position in fig5 ) and a support base 114 . mounted to support base 114 is a rotation assembly 152 , a motor 148 and terminal connectors 146 . as with terminal connectors 108 , terminal connectors 146 facilitate engagement of wires 126 with motor 148 . a detachable handle 136 is shown attached to rotation assembly 152 . disposed within handle 136 is catheter 142 ( fig1 ). it is a significant feature of the invention that commercially available , off the shelf catheters can be used . as handle 136 is detachable from rotation assembly 152 , different handles may be used for different types of catheters 142 . in the example shown in the fig1 , a blazer ii xp ™ cardiac ablation catheter ( available from boston scientific corporation , natick , mass .) with a corresponding handle 136 is used . clearly other handles and catheters could be used . for example , a safire ™ bi - directional ablation catheter ( available from st . jude medical , st . paul , minn .) may be used along with a corresponding handle 136 . similarly , an rf marinr ®, rf contractr ®, or rf conductr ® ablation catheter ( available from medtronic , inc ., minneapolis , minn . ), might also be used similarly . a fastening mechanism 140 may attach catheter 142 to handle 136 . rotation assembly 152 includes drive wheels 164 , driven wheels 150 , support wheels 162 , and a grooved support wheel 139 . motor 148 imparts rotation to drive wheels 164 to rotate handle 136 . driven wheels 150 support and facilitate rotation of handle 136 . handle 136 includes a hollowed cylinder 160 whose circumference engages with drive wheels 164 , driven wheels 150 and support wheels 162 . a radial edge of cylinder 160 mates with grooved support wheel 139 . in use , catheter 142 is inserted into the hollow portion of cylinder 160 and is mounted to handle 136 using fastening mechanism 140 including a clamp base 154 and a clamp 156 . clamp 156 is connected to clamp base 154 with screws 158 . as shown in fig7 , upon actuation of motor 148 , axis 166 rotates , causing drive wheels 164 to rotate . the rotation of drive wheels 164 imparts rotation of cylinder 160 supported by support wheels 162 and driven wheels 150 . catheter 142 is disposed within cylinder 160 and retained there through the use of fastening mechanism 140 . in this way , by actuating motor 148 , handle 136 can be caused to rotate either clockwise or counterclockwise . a slip connector ( not shown ) may be applied at the end of handle 136 so that wires 190 of catheter 142 are free to rotate . a sensor ( not shown ) may be disposed proximate to motor 148 or any part of rotation assembly 152 to sense a rotation of handle 136 . a structure for controlling deflection of a catheter end is shown in fig8 and 9 . a portion of handle controller 120 is capable of accomplishing deflection of distal end 188 of catheter 142 ( fig1 ). a motor 209 disposed on an underside of a support base 144 , imparts rotation to a driving gear 210 . driving gear 210 meshes with a first driven gear 208 . first driven gear has an extension which , in turn , meshes with second driven gear 206 . second driven gear 206 has a gear extension 204 extending upwardly therefrom . gear extension 204 defines an opening for placement of knob 180 of grip 176 of catheter 142 . due to the opening defined by gear extension 204 , rotation of gear 206 imparts rotation to gear extension 204 which , in turn , imparts rotation to knob 180 . therefore , upon a rotation of motor 209 , rotation is imparted to driving gear 210 , first driven gear 208 , second driven gear 206 , gear extension 204 , and knob 180 . such movement causes deflection of distal end 188 of catheter 142 ( shown in fig1 ). a sensor ( not shown ) may be installed proximate to motor 209 or to any one of gears 206 , 208 or 210 so as to measure a rotation of said gears and thereby measure or suggest imparted deflection on distal end 188 . catheter 142 is installed into handle 136 at three locations . knob 180 is inserted into the space defined by gear extension 204 as discussed above . as discussed with reference to fig6 , proximal end 174 of catheter 172 is mounted to handle 136 mechanism 140 through the use of clamp 156 . additionally , proximal end 186 of catheter 172 is snap - fit into a stabilizer bar as can be seen in fig5 , 8 , 10 and 11 . if catheter 142 has an additional range of motion , such as the point of deflection in a medtronic ablation catheter , an additional motor can be attached to move the corresponding control on the handle . with reference to fig1 and 11 stabilizer bar 212 includes a base 214 and a top portion 216 defining in an opening 218 . opening 218 is designed to be large enough to just fit flexible catheter sheath 182 of catheter 142 in a snap fit arrangement . as shown in for example , fig1 , stabilizer bar 212 is mounted to an inner side of handle 136 and is effective to stabilize catheter 142 mounted therein . moreover , stabilizer bar 212 may be used to absorb excessive forward and backward motion imparted to catheter 142 . for example , if catheter 142 is pushed forward too aggressively or too quickly , opening 218 of bar 212 will slide along a circumference of flexible portion 186 . similarly , a sensor ( not explicitly shown ) may be installed within stabilizer bar 212 so as to measure an amount of forward or backward force being imparted on to catheter 172 . a limiter may be connected to the motor and used to limit an amount of forward or backward force based on recordings by the sensor . catheter sheath 182 is very flexible . such flexibility means that if too much force is applied to catheter sheath 182 , catheter sheath 182 may buckle instead of moving forward into a patient . system 100 has various mechanical devices to avoid such buckling . referring to fig1 , after flexible catheter sheath 182 is inserted into stabilizer bar 212 , catheter sheath 182 is inserted into guide 138 . catheter sheath 182 is further inserted into a telescoping rod 220 . as handle controller 120 ( fig2 ) moves forward and backward in directions 192 and 194 , catheter sheath 182 moves internal to telescoping rod 220 . moreover , as telescoping rod 220 is fixed to an end of support base 144 of handle controller 120 through a fastening mechanism 222 , movement of handle controller 120 generates the telescoping action of telescoping rod 220 . that is , telescoping rod 220 contracts or expands based on forward / backward movement of handle controller 120 . telescoping rod 220 may be disposed of , or sterilized after every use of catheter 172 by disengagement of fastening mechanism 222 . telescoping rod 220 may be a collapsible tube constructed of interlocking cylinders ( or cones ) of smaller size , whose inner diameter easily fits and delivers a catheter , lead , or medical device without significant resistance . it is much like a collapsible cup or an antenna . this embodiment of the invention can allow the controller to deliver the catheter , lead , and / or medical device almost in it &# 39 ; s entirety into the human body . to further assist in the feeding of catheter sheath 182 and to avoid buckling of the same , a catheter feeder 124 is used . referring to fig1 , 12 and 13 , an end of telescoping rod 220 terminates at catheter feeder 124 and includes a housing 226 and a clip portion 224 . as discussed previously , catheter sheath 182 is inserted internally to telescoping rod 220 . catheter sheath 182 exits from catheter feeder 124 through clip 224 . clip 224 is an external device which attaches the outside part of catheter feeder 124 directly to an introducer sheath ( not shown ) to maintain a fixed and precise distance ( i . e ., close proximity ) to catheter sheath 182 and provide further protection against buckling of catheter sheath 182 . if desired , an introducer sheath may be affixed to an end of clip 224 so that catheter sheath 182 exits catheter feeder 124 immediately into the introducer . catheter feeder 124 is mounted to base 102 of system 100 through bracket 228 . referring again to fig1 , as discussed , catheter 142 is capable of being manipulated in six ranges of motion : forward and backward 192 , 194 , rotation clockwise and counter - clockwise 196 and 198 , and deflection of a distal tip to positions 188 a and 188 b . in system 100 , the movement forward and backward 192 , 194 is controlled through the use of motor 105 and the engagement of drive screw 112 with drive support 118 — as can be seen most clearly in fig2 and 3 . clockwise and counter - clockwise rotation 196 and 198 is effectuated through the use of motor 148 imparting motion through drive wheels 164 and cylinder 160 — as can be seen most clearly in fig7 . the deflection of distal end 188 towards positions 188 a and 188 b is effectuated through the use of motor 209 and the engagement of gears to 210 , 208 and 206 — as is shown in fig8 . thus , three motors operable in two directions each , provide control for the six ranges of motion . it is within the scope of the invention that additional motors may be present to provide additional catheter movement . referring to fig1 , there is shown a remote control station 240 which could be used in accordance with an embodiment of the invention . remote control station 240 has a master switch 242 effective to supply power to each of the motors connected to remote control station 240 . a forward / reverse dial 244 is connected to motor 105 ( fig2 ) so that movement of dial 244 supplies power and a control signal to motor 105 and imparts forward and backward movement of catheter 142 . a forward / reverse power switch 250 selectively supplies power to dial 244 . a rotation dial 246 is connected to motor 148 ( see fig7 ) so that movement of dial 246 supplies power and a control signal to the motor and causes rotational movement of catheter 142 . a rotation power switch 248 selectively supplies power to dial 246 . a deflection dial 254 is connected to motor 209 ( see fig8 ). movement of dial 244 supplies power and control signals to motor 209 and imparts deflection of distal end 188 of catheter 142 . a deflection power switch 252 selectively supplies power to dial 254 . in this way , all of the ranges of movement of catheter 142 can be controlled through the use of remote control 240 . if the catheter has wires attached to it for electricity , heating or cooling such wires may also be connected to control station 240 . dials may be used to generate on / off signals or analog signals corresponding to various speeds for the motors . referring now to fig1 , remote control station 240 can be disposed at a location which is spaced from the rest of system 100 . for example , a technician or doctor operating system 100 may control catheter 142 remotely through the use of remote control station 240 . remote control station 240 may even be in a separate room from the rest of system 100 . a technician may be able to view screens 256 supplying information regarding a procedure ( such as fluoroscopy ) while operating control station 240 . control station 240 can be connected to system 100 in a variety of means including wires and / or wireless connections . it is within the scope of the invention that the system described herein may be operated simultaneously or in conjunction with other mapping and / or visualization systems . such other systems include a carto ® ( available from biosense webster , inc ., diamond bar , calif .) or ensite ™ ( available from endocardial solutions inc ., st . paul , minn .) mapping system or conventional infrared or ultrasound visualization systems . thus , by utilizing conventional , commercially available catheters , a more adaptable and inexpensive remotely controlled catheter insertion system is realized . as standard catheters are used , and catheters are the only instruments which would be inserted into a subject , no additional governmental approval may be needed . as a modular handle is used , catheters of various sizes , shapes and manufacturers can all be incorporated into the system . the use of the telescoping rod means that the system is more sterile as the rod may be easily designed to be disposable . in addition , the motor activated to feed the catheter into the body may be eliminated , and catheter stability , synchronization , and control may be improved . technicians can easily adapt to use of the controller as familiar controls and screens are available and viewed by the technician . the described system is comparatively safe due to the provision of many features . for example , the motor effective to move a catheter forward and backward may ultimately apply less force than is available through a human hand and therefore there is less concern for perforation . such force can be sensed through various sensors so as to ensure that excessive force is not applied such as through the stabilizer bar . similarly , sensors can be applied to detect the amount of clockwise and counter - clockwise movement and movement of the gears facilitating deflection of the distal end of the catheter . use of all this sensor data helps ensure a safe system . in addition , certain limits , cut - offs , etc ., could provide a level of safety even beyond that of a manually performed procedure . clearly any type of catheter could be used such as a diagnostic catheter or angiographic catheter , or catheters including various types of pumps , stylettes , guide - wires or balloons . positions of the catheter may be maintained even if power is shut off . for example , all six ranges of motion are not dependent upon continuous power supply . the amount of forward or backward movement , rotation and deflection are all not dependent on a continuous supply of power . for example , a particular deflection may be set and then the deflection motor may be turned off while the rotation motor is applied . similarly , a continuous radiofrequency ablation treatment may be implemented for a particular deflection angle while the catheter is remotely pulled back to create a linear ablation . some types of treatments include microwave , ultrasound , radiofrequency , cryoablation , chemical ablation , delivery of biologics , etc . conventional non - fluoroscopic three - dimensional mapping can be used to track catheter movement and ablation applications . while prior art controllers required a user to learn a new control scheme , the invention relies on control schemes known by users and generally taught in school . the position of the catheter can be measured and recorded using fluoroscopy and / or 3d mapping systems . using a computer program and feedback system the robotic device could automatically or semi - automatically manipulate the catheter to position and place the catheter according to the operator &# 39 ; s specifications . software programs using feedback from the catheter system with appropriate fail - safes could manipulate and perform catheter ablations in precise targeted locations without the operator necessarily remotely moving the catheter . the operator could monitor the automatic and targeted operations and could shut off the system if there is any deviation from a planned and targeted mapping / ablation procedure . for example , a software program can analyze , through the sensors , the movements of each of the motors and / or gears for particular placement of a catheter inside a subject . as an example , a technician may first perform a procedure while software is analyzing the movements of each of the motors . thereafter the software may be used as supplement to the control station so as to robotically control a catheter to a particular location and / or perform a particular procedure . such a function is particularly helpful in situations where certain procedures need to be repeated multiple times . in addition , the computer software could perform a series of iterative movements of the catheter towards a three - dimensional target , eventually focusing in on the target . the software program can learn from said movements and return to certain locations , and perform a series of maneuvers ( possibly drawn or targeted on a computer ) such as encircling pulmonary veins with ablation applications to achieve pulmonary vein isolation . in addition , cavo - tricuspid isthmus lines can be created to ablate atrial flutter . finally , scar maps can be created and ablation lines automatically or semi - automatically formed to prevent reentrant ventricular tachycardia from occurring . the systems as described can be disposed anywhere including being mounted by a boom off of , for example , a ceiling , mounted on a table , or on the side or across from a subject . the systems may be mounted and secured firmly to an insertion site so as to be able to translate insertion force without being moved backward . further , additional backend modules can remotely control manipulation , such as forward / backward , rotation , deflection , drug / contrast delivery , balloon inflation , energy / therapy delivery , or stent / device deployment . while preferred embodiments have been described , the invention is only limited by the scope of the claims . those skilled in the art will recognize that the method and system of the present invention has many applications , may be implemented in many manners and , as such , is not to be limited by the preceding and following exemplary embodiments and examples . additionally , the functionality of the components of the preceding and following embodiments may be implemented in different manners . further , it is to be understood that the steps in the embodiments may be performed in any suitable order , combined into fewer steps or divided into more steps . thus , the scope of the present invention covers conventionally known and future developed variations and modifications to the system components described herein , as would be understood by those skilled in the art .
embodiment methods of treating a human or animal patient using a remotely controlled robotic catheter device including inserting a catheter handle of a catheter into a modular handle controller of the remotely controlled robotic catheter device , operating the catheter remotely with the remotely controlled robotic catheter device to introduce the catheter into a body of the patient , and performing a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure on the patient using the catheter . diagnostic or therapeutic procedures may include a mapping procedure , an ablation procedure , an angioplasty procedure , a drug delivery procedure ; an electrophysiology procedure , a radiological procedure , and a medical device implantation or positioning procedure .