a personal flotation device , and the manner of making the same , will now be described with reference to fig1 through fig3 . the process of extruding , molding , slicing , shaping closed cell foams such as pe , epe , eva , neoprene , silicone and nbr has allowed for the creation of very light floating ( buoyant ) filaments to be manufactured in a wide variety of diameters , densities , profiles and shapes . depending on the density of the foam , the flotation filament in its pure from can be woven into a fabric , which is then cut into pattern pieces for assembly into a form fitting garment . the cut edges of the pattern pieces can be attached to one another by sewing , welding , gluing or other connection methods to seal the foam filaments and connect the pattern pieces . by using a knitting , process the flotation filaments can also be woven directly into formed shapes using a process similar to knitting sweaters . tubular shapes , garments and shaped covers can be manufactured . with lower density flotation filaments it may be desirable to cover or sheath the flotation filaments with fabrics coverings such as lycra . by covering a flotation filament with a lycra sleeve , it is possible to meet the us coast guard type 3 material certification allowing the creation of certified flotation garment providing the minimum flotation of 15 . 5 pounds is achieved . adding the lycra covering to the flotation filament would also increase the durability and abrasion resistance while improving the stretch characteristics of the flotation filament . flotation filaments can also be sheathed or covered with modern technical fabrics such as kevlar for or nomex for their specific properties in strength and fire resistance , however this may negate us coast guard approval . flotation filaments can also be supported by single yarns of woven fibres such as carbon or spectra if stretch is not desired in the flotation filament . flotation filaments can be woven in various configurations and tensions to create varying gaps or spaces between the flotation filaments weave . tighter weaves offer less breathability while increasing protection from elements such as wind , rain , and immersion in water . looser or more open weaves of the flotation filaments will allow more air transfer between the filaments providing additional breathability , ideal for warmer conditions . a more open weave of the flotation filaments would also be desirable if flotation weave panels are sandwiched between or attached to woven fabric or film layer . an example of this would be replacing solid foam panel as used in traditional life jackets with a flotation weave panel . the correct combination of density and durability in the flotation filaments will allow a one piece garment , jacket , pants , hat or other bodily worn accessories to be woven with the flotation filaments . a garment woven with flotation filaments can be worn as insulated clothing as the filaments provide comfort , stretch , insulation and breathability to the user , similar to wearing a garment made with natural or synthetic fibres spun or twisted into a yarn . in the marine environment a garment woven partially or in its entirety with flotation filaments will transform the garment into a comfortable personal flotation device or pfd . an example of this would be a jacket with the torso that is woven with flotation filaments while the arms are constructed with a fabric consisting of yarns spun with synthetic fibres . panels or inserts of woven flotation filaments could also be used to enhance the performance of traditional style pfd &# 39 ; s or flotation garments by replacing the non - breathing , low stretch solid sheet flotation foam . the woven flotation filaments can be suspended within a sandwich of overlaying fabrics that provide abrasion , weather protection and enhanced stability to the flotation filament weave . flotation filaments woven into a panel or sheet can also be laminated to backing fabrics by use of adhesives to polymer membranes such as teflon , pu , ppe . laminated to such membranes , the textile would be locked into place and made waterproof and breathable . flotation filaments woven into a textile can also be laminated by use of adhesive films or heat to other woven fibre textiles such as nylon , kevlar , and lycra providing additional stability , abrasion and weather resistance to flotation filament textile . the flotation filament textile can also be laminated into a composite material similar to neoprene sheet goods for use in the manufacture of items like wetsuits and dry - suits . with the flotation filament textile providing flotation , insulation and stretch , additionally laminated fabrics or films would provide additional heat retention , abrasion resistance , support and uv protection to flotation filament textile from the marine environment . the flotation filaments can be formed into textiles sheets or rolls by traditional weaving techniques as used with fibre spun yarns when they are woven into textiles . the flotation filaments can also be connected by interlocking profile shapes that allow the flotation filaments to be interlocked by the nesting , profile of the flotation filament . the flotation filaments can be further connected by intersecting filaments or yarns via pass through slots or holes molded or cut into the flotation filaments . individual flotation filaments can be twisted together to create flotation yarns , which in turn can be woven into a flotation fabric . the flotation filaments can also be formed into flotation filament links . these links which can be closed or open in shape are then connected by interlocking , or by other means such as glue , welding , clips , yarns or monofilaments to create a textile . the resulting fabric of this style of assembly would be similar to chain mail . the links can be circular , square , or of any shape and profile . the links can be a closed or open shape as long as they interconnect together and creates a textile that be used for a pfd &# 39 ; s , garment or other non - apparel applications . weaves of flotation filament can be also be embossed via pressure , heat and adhesives to fuse the filaments or modify the profile and density of the flotation filament textile . the buoyant flotation filaments described above enable the manufacture of pfds using u . s . coast guard approved flotation materials that does not upon rely the standard methods of construction using foam panels , laminated , quilted or in pure non - laminated state , cut into flat pattern pieces using that use shaping seams and stretch panels or gussets to form vests , jackets , pants or full body suits . the buoyant flotation filaments form a garment to allow high comfort and breathability to user as found with non - flotation garments such as knitted sweaters or woven garments used outside the pfd market . use of the buoyant filaments results in a garment for the marine environment , that is as comfortable to wear as standard clothing , to be used for both insulation and flotation as it could worn at all times , and used under productive shielding garments such a rain pants , jackets , wetsuits or dry - suits . it is feasible that a mixture of closed cell flotation filaments and other filaments could be used on the same garment or covering to offer flotation , insulation and cooling . it will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the garment that serves as a pfd , could be made for an animal , such as the family dog . in such case , the “ wearer ” would be the dog . it will also be appreciated that the flotation filaments can be treated with anti - microbial , anti - fungal and other agents . it will further be appreciated that , as long as the necessary buoyancy is maintained , the flotation filaments may be combined with other filaments . it will be appreciated that the flotation filaments have other properties that make them desirable in marine applications . for example , the flotation filaments provide padding . if padding is desirable in a particular application , the size of the flotation filaments can be increased to intentionally enhance the padding feature . 21 — flotation garment made from woven flotation filament textile and synthetic fabric in this patent document , the word “ comprising ” is used in its non - limiting sense to mean that items following the word are included , but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded . a reference to an element by the indefinite article “ a ” does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the element is present , unless the context clearly requires that there be one and only one of the elements . the scope of the claims should not be limited by the illustrated embodiments set forth as examples , but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with a purposive construction of the claims in view of the description as a whole .
a personal flotation device is described which is in the form of a flexible garment or combination of garments made from liquid impervious filaments of buoyant material . the garment or combination of garments accommodate movement of the wearer while providing the wearer with buoyancy .