suitable materials for three - dimensional thermal deformation are all soft , adaptable materials from which such bandages are normally made , insofar as they have a thermoplastic character . these are in particular nonwoven fabrics , woven fabrics , knits , film - type plastics with low rigidity , e . g . of ldpe , or foam materials . the materials can in this case consist wholly of thermoplastic base materials , or else they can contain only a proportion of such materials , which proportion must be sufficient , however , to ensure a good and stable deformability . thus , for example , nonwoven fabrics , woven fabrics and knits can contain only a proportion of thermoplastically deformable fibres or filaments or other components such as binder . it is furthermore advantageous if these textile materials are designed elastically in one or more directions and for this reason contain at least a proportion of permanently elastic fibers or filaments , e . g . elastane or elastodiene . the materials can be designed in a single layer , but can also consist of a two - layer or multi - layer laminate of thermoplastic character , for example of a thin foam material or a thin plastic plate which are lined on one side or on both sides with a textile . the materials should be soft and adaptable , i . e . they are generally relatively thin . however , they can also have a certain thickness of 1 to several millimeters , so that , for example , sleeve - like and shell - like parts of a bandage can be produced from a thermo - plastically deformable nonwoven fabric of 5 - 20 mm thickness . to be suitable for the intended purposes , the materials should moreover have a modulus of elasticity of less than 500 n / mm 2 ( din 53 457 ) and a ball impression hardness of less than 35 n / mm 2 ( din 53 457 ). the thermal deformation can be carried out in various ways . one possibility is to heat the starting materials to the thermoplastic softening range and then to form them using positive molds which are shaped according to the anatomical conditions , for example by vacuum suction . it is also possible to use appropriately designed positive and negative molds . another possibility is to process the cold or pre - heated material in heated molds . by means of the shaping it is additionally possible , e . g . in the case of nonwoven fabrics , to compress the material completely or partially . for series production , the molds can correspond to normal anatomical sizes . for individual production , the molds are designed according to the individual anatomical conditions . this individual shaping can be based on a special scale model , a mould impression made of plaster , wax or the like , or a computer - assisted measurement method , e . g . scanning . the shaped parts are then joined together to form medical bandages , if appropriate with other customary accessories , such as velcro closures , straps , splints , etc . the shaped parts can be incorporated in enclosing materials , preferably textile materials . however , it is often advantageous to design the bandages in such a way that the shaped starting materials can be used or processed without any enclosing material . by using the invention it is possible to produce medical bandages which are configured according to the anatomical conditions . this is done by means of thermal deformation of the starting materials . it is possible to a large extent to dispense with troublesome connecting points . the products are additionally simple and inexpensive to produce since , to achieve the fit , they do not need to be joined or knitted together from a large number of parts which have been cut to size . a burns bandage for the face consists of a tubular elastic knit of nylon / elastane . the bandage is thermoplastically formed according to the anatomy of the head and in particular of the face . the molds chosen for shaping the bandage are designed such that the bandage has a defined undersize after shaping . this means that the elastic knit has to be stretched on application , so that it thereafter exerts pressure . this pressure can be distributed in a targeted manner across the facial region by means of the three - dimensional shaping and thus effectively prevent the formation of keloid bands which form ugly scars . moreover , in the facial region there are no seams or other connecting points which could lead to pressure points . fig1 shows a knee orthosis for immobilizing the knee joint . the sleeve enclosing the leg is made of an approximately 10 mm thick nonwoven fabric a and is thermally formed to match the anatomy , so that it bears exactly on the leg . the sleeve is provided with conventional closures b . for improved stabilizing , conventional stiffening elements c can be provided . fig2 shows a support bandage for the hand , which bandage encloses the wrist as far as the forearm and is in the form of a sleeve made of an approximately 8 mm thick nonwoven fabric a and is thermally formed to match the anatomy . the sleeve is provided with conventional closures b . for improved stabilizing , conventional stiffening elements c can be provided . the bandage is shown on the left - hand side in the open state , and on the right - hand side in the state when applied to the hand . fig3 shows the support bandage mounted on a hand . fig4 shows a side view of a neck support in the closed position , made of an approximately 25 mm thick nonwoven fabric a which has been anatomically thermally formed 75 .
medical bandages which are adapted to the shape of the body part on which they are applied , and which are characterized in that the soft and adaptable material has been thermally deformed .