the low viscosity levan used in the present hair - style holding product as a film former , e . g ., in a hair spray , hair mousse or other hair control product , is a polymer of fructose , which is fruit sugar , and it is generically called a fructan . fructans are built up of fructose residues , normally with a sucrose unit at what would otherwise be the reducing terminus . the linkage position of the fructose residues determines the type of the fructan . linkage normally occurs at one of the two primary hydroxyls ( oh - 1 or oh - 6 ). in the case of levan , the fructosyl residues are linked by beta - 2 , 6 linkages . levan is thus beta 2 , 6 fructan . in sum , then , levan is a homopolysaccharide composed of d - fructofuranosyl residues joined by 2 , 6 linkages . levan can be produced by a variety of bacteria , such as microbacterium laevaniformans , streptococcus salivarius , pseudomonas syringae , bacillus subtilus and zymomonas , or created by breaking down other kinds of plant fructans such as soybean mucilage . the levan for use in the presently described hair - style holding formulation is a low viscosity levan that can be produced by bacillus subtilus and zymomonas , wherein it forms 50 - 200 nm diameter spheres in a water solution or dispersion having pendant fructan polymer segments that aid in the dispersion of the particles in water and promote a stable water dispersion . the levan is typically referred to as “ low viscosity ” levan due to the fact that it has an unusually low intrinsic viscosity ( typically less than 0 . 2 dl / gm ) in water as compared to about 1 dl / gm for polysaccharides such as amylose and about 20 dl / gm for extended chain polymers such as alginates or galactomannans . in addition , it has been shown that a thin coating of the low viscosity levan as described herein dries to a hard , shiny finish that is smooth to the touch and not tacky . at the present time only the low viscosity levan produced by b . subtilis is readily commercially available , however the zymomonas bacterium is also believed capable of producing such low viscosity levan . the low viscosity levan from b . subtilis is presently commercially available from montana polysaccharides , inc . located in winnsboro , s . c . the b . subtilis - produced low viscosity levan from montana polysaccharides , inc . is made by fermentation of sucrose , whereupon the levan produces a dispersion in the water . the levan can be further refined into a solid material by filtering to remove the bacteria and then drying the dispersion or by precipitating the polymer with water soluble organic solvents such as ethanol , isopropanol , acetone , methyl ethyl ketone , etc . at a ratio of about 2 : 1 ( solvent : levan dispersion ), cooling the mixture and then filtering out and drying the precipitate . thus , it was very surprising that physically stable dispersions could be made from a water dispersion of levan and ethanol at ratios up to and over 1 : 1 . the addition of ethanol to the levan water dispersion is very desirable because it acts as a preservative and improves the ability of the formula to incorporate additional components such as fragrance components , shine enhancing oils , surfactants and antimicrobial agents . the levan , as a water , or water / solvent dispersion , functions as a film former that , when applied to and dried on hair , holds the hair in place ( i . e . in a particular style ). any other additives in the hairstyle holding formulation as presently described and claimed herein are natural or naturally derived , and thus are not synthetic substances . levan in water solution / dispersion is subject to bacterial degradation and , thus , should be protected by antimicrobial agents . in an embodiment of the present formulation , that may be accomplished using ethanol , glycols , natural herbal bactericides or combinations of these materials . natural or naturally derived antimicrobials are also useful for inclusion in the presently described formulation . several examples of natural bactericides that may be used include , but are not limited to , benzoic acid , hydroxybenzoic acid , origanum vulgare ( oregano ) leaf extract , thymus vulgaris ( thyme ) extract , cinnamomum zeylanicum ( cinnamon ) bark extract , olea europaea ( olive ) leaf extract , rosmarinus officinalis ( rosemary ) leaf extract , mentha piperita ( peppermint ) leaf extract , lavandula angustifolia ( lavender ) flower extract , hydrastis canadensis ( goldenseal ) root extract , citrus medica limonum ( lemon ) peel extract , caprylyl glycol , phenoxyethanol , ethanol , glycerin , 1 , 3 propane diol , and the like . in certain embodiments of the present formulation , in order to provide additional sheen to the hair , natural oils may be added . a natural fragrance may also be added , whereas synthetic fragrances should be entirely avoided . some hair sprays or mousses or other hair care formulations may require an emulsifier to provide adequate combination and stability of these lipophilic ingredients , in which instance , a natural emulsifier may be used . in addition , it may be desirable to control the viscosity and / or the rheology of a mousse or personal care product such as a serum , cream or gel . this may be accomplished by using a gum , or clay , or combinations of the two ingredients in a manner that is well understood in the art of hair care products . in other embodiments of the present hairstyle holding product , in order to produce an aerosol spray version of a hair spray , the propellant that is used would be a natural liquefied or gaseous form hydrocarbon . this could be used alone or combined with naturally occurring compressed gases , such as carbon dioxide , nitrogen , argon , etc . it is of course understood that in a hair spray or mousse of all naturally occurring ingredients , as indicated above trace amounts of some non - natural ingredients may be present . such synthetic components , however o not have any material effect on any of the characteristics of the formulation . depending on the desired level of hold for the hair spray , mousse or other hair holding product , the amount of levan by weight in the mixture with other ingredients varies in the range of about 2 % to about 20 %. the percentage by weight of other major ingredients in the mixture depends on regulations of a local jurisdiction , such as state or country , regarding the total amount of a volatile organic substances ( voc ) permitted in a sprayable product . these amounts are discussed further below . if herbal or botanical ingredients are used , depending upon the type of such ingredients , their percentage weight in the present formulation may range from about 0 . 1 % to about 1 %. if lipophilic materials or fragrance oils are used , their weight range in the formulation may range from about 0 . 1 % to about 5 %. if natural oils are used , their weight in the formulation may range from about 0 . 1 % to about 20 %. when natural antimicrobial substances are included in the formulation , their weight may range from about 0 . 1 % to about 5 %. when natural emulsifiers are included in the formulation , their weight may range from about 0 . 1 % to about 10 %. when a viscosity controller is used in the formulation , its weight may range from about 0 . 1 % to about 10 %. furthermore , when a propellant is included , such propellant varies by weight in the range of from about 2 % to about 30 %. natural oils useful for inclusion in the presently described hair style holding formulation may include , but are not limited to such as : argan oil , almond oil , avocado oil , apricot kernel oil , babassu oil , broccoli seed oil , castor oil , corn oil , cotton seed oil , canola oil , coconut oil , daikon radish seed oil , grape seed oil , flax seed oil , hemp seed oil , jojoba oil , kukui nut oil , macadamia nut oil , oat oil , olive oil , peanut oil , palm kernel oil , rice bran oil , rapeseed oil , safflower seed oil , sesame seed oil , shea butter , soybean oil , sunflower seed oil , turnip seed oil , wheat germ oil , cranberry oil , green tea oil , pomegranate oil , raspberry oil , tea tree oil , and the like . natural emulsifiers useful for inclusion in the presently described formulation may include , but are not limited to such as lecithin , glyceryl oleate , glyceryl stearate , glyceryl palmitate , glyceryl linoleate , polyglyceryl oleate , polyglyceryl stearate , polyglyceryl palmitate , polyglyceryl linoleate , phospholipids , glycerin ( and ) glycine max ( soybean ) seed extract , sunflower seed extract , alkylpolyglucosides , phytosterols , fatty acids , fatty acid soaps , sucrose esters , and the like . viscosity control agents useful in the presently described formulation may include , but are not limited to clays such as kaolin , bentonite , montmorillonite and hectorite , and gums such as guar gum , agar agar , carrageenan , acacia , cellulosics , xanthan , starch , gum arabic , gellan , locust bean , alginates , tragacanth , inulin , pullulan , and the like . the mixture , appropriately adjusted in a well - known manner to be dispensed , can be used in a pump spray or aerosol spray version as , for example , a hair spray or a hair mousse . the hair mousse comes out as foam , while the spray comes out as a liquid spray . it has been surprisingly discovered that low viscosity levan readily allows the production of low viscosity water solutions or dispersions that can be sprayed . in contrast , biopolymers ( such as xanthan , pullulan and levan from other bacterial sources ) produce water solutions that are high in viscosity and indeed these biopolymers are used in the personal care and food industries as viscosity builders . the following formulas are presented as non - limiting examples of preferred embodiments of the instant formulation and are intended to be illustrative of , but not limiting to , the concepts described herein . as used in the examples , the term “ levan ” is specifically meant to refer to the low - viscosity levan as described above . example 1 is soft to regular hold non - aerosol or pump hair spray , while example 2 is a hard hold non - aerosol pump spray formula . interestingly and surprisingly both of these formulas provide good shine on hair . both formulas dry quickly to non - tacky films within 1 to 3 minutes . the ethanol is used in these examples as a natural antimicrobial agent and a rapid evaporation solvent . both examples can be re - styled once dried using a comb or brush , although this does cause some reduction in holding because welds and contact joins are broken . restyling can also be accomplished by wetting the comb or hair while restyling . this procedure rehydrates the levan , allowing restyling and causes very little loss in style holding once the hair dries again . * inci name : origanum vulgare ( oregano ) leaf extract cas no : 84012 - 24 - 8 ; thymus vulgaris ( thyme ) extract cas no : 84929 - 51 - 1 ; cinnamomum zeylancum ( cinnamon ) bark extract cas no : 84649 - 98 - 9 ; olea europaea ( olive ) leaf extract cas no : 8060 - 29 - 5 ; rosmarinus officinalis ( rosemary ) leaf extract cas no : 84604 - 14 - 8 ; mentha piperita ( peppermint ) leaf extract cas no : 84082 - 70 - 2 ; lavandula angustifolia ( lavender ) flower extract cas no : 90063 - 37 - 9 ; hydrastis canadensis ( goldenseal ) root extract cas no : 84603 - 60 - 1 ; citrus medica limonum ( lemon ) peel extract cas no : 8008 - 56 - 8 examples 3 and 4 are non - aerosol hair sprays showing the use of a natural preservative blend ( i . e ., suprapein ) in addition to ethanol that is added in these formulas to promote more rapid drying . the odor was initially very strong and “ herbal ” due to the suprapein , however the intensity of the odor diminished over time to an acceptable level . examples 5 and 6 are aerosol formulas . they were packaged into glass pressure bottles with suitable valves and actuators in order to observe spray characteristics , stability and ingredient compatibility . both examples sprayed acceptably and produced a hard , non - tacky film after drying when sprayed on glass . example 7 produced a wet , heavy foam that had a somewhat sticky feeling . it gives a light style hold , while example 8 made a better , more “ puffy ” foam and produces a stiffer style hold . example 9 is a hair serum providing stiff hold and shine to hair . example 10 is a hair holding cream / gel that provides fairly stiff hold and leaves the hair very shiny and with a smooth oily feel . although the present invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof , many other variations and modifications and other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art . it is preferred , therefore , that the present invention be limited not by the specific disclosure herein , but only by the appended claims .
a hairstyle holding composition formed of natural or naturally derived ingredients , the composition comprising a hairstyle holding resin , wherein the hairstyle holding resin consists essentially of a low viscosity levan , wherein the levan produces a low intrinsic viscosity dispersion in water having particle sizes in the range of from about 50 to about 200 nm , and wherein the composition further includes at least one natural or naturally derived additive , wherein the at least one additive is selected from the group consisting of natural oils , natural antimicrobial substances , a natural fragrance , a natural emulsifier , a natural viscosity controller and a natural liquefied or gaseous form hydrocarbon to serve as a propellant .