[ 0035 ] fig1 and 3 illustrate the main frame 200 of this invention 100 , which comprises a pair of longitudinal rails 201 , 202 and a pair of cross rails 203 attached at the ends of the longitudinal rails 201 , 202 . [ 0036 ] fig4 is a perspective view of a cut section of the anthropometric bed 100 of this invention shown in the supine position . fig5 is a perspective view of a cut section of the anthropometric bed 100 of this invention shown in a fully articulated position . supporting the main frame 200 is a pedestal base 300 which , in typical fashion , comprises legs , castors and cross members . there is nothing unique about the pedestal base 300 . all beds have similar type bases 300 . above the frame 200 is a mattress 102 and mattress support subassembly . the mattress support has a number of cross bars 105 supporting four pads ,— a thigh support pad 111 , a leg support pad 112 , a coccyx support pad 113 , and a lumbar support pad 114 . preferably , the cross bars 105 should be of square cross section and hollow to reduce weight . the cross bars 105 are longer than the width of the frame 200 . in this way , the bars can rest on the frame when the bed 100 is in the flat configuration . a skirt 106 is attached around the periphery of the cross bars 105 and pads 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 in order to keep the assembly together and provide a lip 107 for containing the mattress 102 . the cross bars 105 underlying the coccyx support pad 113 are fastened directly to the frame 200 . the other cross bars 105 are connected to a leg support bar 661 , a thigh support subaseembly 770 , and a torso support bar 969 . the thigh support subassembly 770 is extensible , via a mechanism to be described later , while the other support bars 661 , 969 are of fixed length . the thigh support subassembly 770 is pivotally attached at one end to a bracket 767 ( pivot point 04 on fig7 and 8 ) and at the other to the end of the let support bar 661 ( pivot point 02 on fig7 and 8 ). since the bracket 767 is attached to the frame member 201 , the thigh support assembly 770 is effectively pivotally attached at one end to the frame 200 . pivot point 02 must be vertically directly under the knee pivot point of the user . supporting and moving the leg and thigh support bars 661 , 770 is an articulating mechanism 700 , which is attached to the frame 200 . the purpose of the articulating mechanism is to tilt and leg and thigh support bars 661 , 770 up and down while extending and retracting the thigh support subassembly 770 . supporting the torso support bar 969 is an orbiculator 900 which is also attached to the frame 200 . the purpose of the orbiculator 900 is to raise and lower the torso support bar 969 around a pivot point located at the hip . preferably the articulating mechanism 700 has a roughly rectangular end plate 711 which is attached to the frame 200 via an attachment bracket 767 . the end plate 711 has a slotted aperture oriented vertically for alignment with a roll pin 12 extending from the upper frame rail 201 or 202 , used to locate the mechanism 700 in its proper position under the upper frame rail 201 or 202 , and a single hole 13 generally located below the oval aperture and used to affix a link 789 for spacing an orbiculator 900 relative to the mechanism 700 . see fig1 . the upper portion of each end plate 711 is offset formed to provide a horizontal flat surface that extends under the upper frame rail 201 or 202 , for attachment with screws . the bracket 767 also forms a pivot point for one end of the thigh support subassembly 770 and a stirrup 791 . the other end of the stirrup is fastened to a pair of spaced apart fittings 731 , 732 . a drive pinion 777 between these fittings 731 , 732 drives a gear segment 776 . the upper end of the gear segment 776 is pivotally attached to a link 714 which underlies the thigh support subassembly 770 . the link 714 has a triangular shape with pivot points at the upper and intermediate angles . the drive pinion 777 is driven by a motor 504 ( see fig1 through a connection 781 . there are also a pair of drag links , 761 , 762 which are fastened to a pair of anchor brackets 741 , 742 . the drag links 761 , 762 incorporate a bend so that they do not interfere with the fittings 731 , 732 when the mechanism 700 is in the flat or zero position . the other ends of the drag links 761 , 762 are pivotally fastened to a lever 775 which pivotally attaches to the link 714 at its intermediate angle and then slidably to the thigh support subassembly 770 via a thrust plate 709 . at the upper angle of the link 714 is pivotally attached a second lever 622 . this lever pivotally attaches to a bellcrank 621 , which is pivotally attached at its other corners to the fittings 731 , 732 and the leg support bar 661 . the latter connection is made via a sliding plate 603 . the plate 603 slides inside a channel in the leg support bar 661 . operation of this articulating mechanism 700 can be better appreciated from fig7 and 8 . fig7 shows a section view of the articulating mechanism in the flat or zero position , while fig8 shows a section view of the articulating mechanism in the thirty degree position . as the pinion gear 777 is rotated counterclockwise the gear segment 776 is driven upwards , which tilts the leg support subassembly 770 upwards around pivot 04 . as this happens , the constraints of the drag links 761 , 762 , the lever 775 and the bellcrank 714 at pivot points 11 , 08 , 07 , 03 and 04 , force the thigh support subassembly 770 to extend . as can be better appreciated from fig7 and 8 , the thigh support subassembly 770 is actually comprised of two bars 770 a , 775 b which slide inside each other . the link 775 is actually attached to the end of one of these bars 770 b and the thrust plate 709 can slide . this comprises an extending mechanism . returning to fig4 and 5 , there are three square apertures for receiving three lateral square tubes 787 , 786 a , 786 . each of the apertures have a pierced hole used to locate and secure the three lateral square tubular support members 787 , 786 a , 786 . the lateral tubes 787 , 786 a , 786 can be better seen in fig9 and 10 . [ 0044 ] fig1 is a cross - sectional view of a right hand orbiculator 900 showing its gearing and motion . the idea of an imaginary or center less hinge has been around for years and that it would solve the problem of pinching of the buttocks , a common problem in all adjustable beds . however , up to now , there has been no way to provide a center - less hinge to adjustable beds . the orbiculator 900 solves the problem and is part of the present invention . early in the industrial revolution there was seen a need to standardize the making of gears . this need was filled using a standard known as the diametral pitch system . in a diametral pitch system there must be a whole number of teeth on each gear and the increase in pitch diameter per tooth varies according to the pitch . this results in the formula : in which nt is number of teeth , p is pitch and pd is pitch diameter . by applying this formula it was evident that two concentric gears , one having external teeth and a larger gear having internal teeth would move the same number of turns if the pitch is common and the ratio of drivers to the driven is common . example : an external gear having 168 teeth and a 6 pitch tooth form would have a pitch diameter of 28 inches ( 168 ÷ 6 = 28 ). if this 168 tooth external gear was driven by a spur gear having 14 teeth it would require 12 complete turns to move the 168 tooth gear 1 complete turn , or a ratio of 12 to 1 . secondly , an internal gear having 240 teeth and a 6 pitch tooth form would have a pitch diameter of 40 inches ( 240 ÷ 6 = 40 ). if this 240 tooth internal gear was driven by a spur gear having 20 teeth it would require 12 complete turns to move the 240 tooth gear 1 complete turn or ratio of 12 to 1 . therefore , if the two drive gears were driven at a fixed speed , the driven gears would rotate at a fixed speed , but only one twelfth as fast . since the two concentric gears are different , one being an external tooth gear and the other one an internal tooth gear , they would turn in opposite directions . therefore for the concentric gears to move in the same direction one of the driving gears must be reversed . the reversal of one of the drive gears is not a problem but an advantage will be seen . rotation of the 168 tooth external gear and the 240 tooth internal gear “ in lock step ” with each other could be accomplished by locking the two drive gears together , because each of these two gears have the same ratio of 12 to 1 with the driven gears . this can be accomplished by adding two timing gears to the ends of the two drive gears , provided each gear will rotate on the same axis as their respective drive gear ; each gear is keyed or locked to their respective drive gear ; each gear is the same diameter , has the same pitch , the same number of teeth and be in mesh with each other . having this accomplished , the two driven gears will move relative to each other . to drive the entire assembly an additional spur gear is added that drives either of two timing gears . an alternate to this gear arrangement is to add two common idler gears between the two timing gears and drive one of the idlers with the spur gear . the gear arrangement of the present invention has just been described except the drive gears and the driven gears have been altered by changing the normal involute gears to a serpentine or wavy tooth form as will be shown . in fig1 is shown a right hand orbiculator 900 in the flat bed position with the gear case cover removed . the large 240 tooth internal gear 981 b and the 168 tooth external gear 981 a have been segmented and connected together to form one part with the connecting portion being a ninety degree angle used to mount the torso supporting section 969 of the bed . in this view , shown are the serpentine or wavy gear tooth form being applied to the large external gear 981 a , the large internal gear 981 b , and the two drive gears 951 , 953 . also shown are the two timing gears 985 being locked to the two drive 951 , 953 gears using hexagon shaped axles passing through each pair of gears . it should also noted that the timing gears 985 , idler gears 987 , and the spur gear drive 989 are all standard involute gears . it should be noted that timing marks appearing on the driving gears 951 , 953 and the driven gears 981 a , 981 b including the involute spur gear 989 . these timing marks must be observed during assembly while the orbiculator 900 is in the flat position . three pairs of rollers 972 are used to support and guide the rotor 981 as it passes back and forth radically through the open ended gear case 941 . fig1 , 13 and 14 show the motion of a right hand orbiculator 900 in the flat or zero degree , thirty , and sixty degree positions . fig1 shows that the two segmented gears 981 a , 981 b have become in actuality two supporting columns . referring again to fig4 and 6 , one right hand and one left hand orbiculator 900 are mounted under their respective right hand and left hand upper frame rails 201 via the case 941 . two orbiculators 900 are required for each bed , one right hand version mounted under the upper right hand bed rail 201 and one left hand version mounted under the left hand bed rail 201 . each orbiculator 900 has an open ended gear case 941 and cover referred to as a stator and a generally rainbow shaped orbiculating double gear 981 referred to as a rotor . [ 0050 ] fig1 is an exploded view of a right hand orbiculator 900 . the shaft 781 drives the orbiculator 900 . fig1 is a view of a completely assembled right hand orbiculator 900 . [ 0051 ] fig1 shows how power is applied to this invention 100 . power is applied by a dual actuator 500 . the dual actuator 500 has two motors 504 ( which may vary to match the power supply of various countries such as voltage and cycles ) and two double reduction worm gears 508 mounted at opposite ends of a split gear case 512 , with two torque tubes 516 passing through each end of the gear case ends 514 , one coupled to two orbiculators 900 mounted under each of the upper frame rails 201 , 202 and the other coupled to the two spur gears 777 which operate the articulating modules 700 . [ 0052 ] fig1 shows a schematic of the power distribution of this invention 100 . it is clear from fig1 that power from the motors 504 is input to the articulating mechanisms 700 via the spur gears , and the orbiculators via the drive pinion connection 781 . construction of the mattress 102 of this invention is illustrated in fig4 and 5 . the mattress 102 must elongate and contract as the bed 100 is moved from the flat ( fig4 ) to the fully articulated ( fig5 ) position . the mattress comprises a soft top layer 101 and a lower layer 103 . the lower layer 103 is supported by the four pads 111 , 112 , 113 and 114 , previously described . the lower layer 103 has a serpentine shape which creates voids 124 , 128 in a staggered arrangement from each other . these voids 124 , 128 increase in size when the mattress 102 is articulated upwards and decrease in size when the mattress 102 is articulated downwards . chart a is a diagram used to convert measurements of the human form to alpha - terms for use in solving construction formulas . chart b is a link length chart of dimensions based on u s population sixty to eighty - four inches tall . the system approach to providing beds 100 to an adult population ranging in height from five feet to seven feet tall makes it necessary to use four frame sizes , and two widths for both mechanical and economic reasons . the smallest or - 1 upper frame and mattress is 74 inches long and used for people 5 feet to 5 . 5 feet tall ; the medium or - 2 upper frame and mattress is 80 inches long and used for people 5 . 5 feet to 6 feet tall ; the large or - 3 upper frame and mattress is 86 inches long for people 6 feet to 6 . 5 feet tall ; and the extra large or - 4 upper frame and mattress is 92 inches long for people 6 . 5 feet to 7 feet tall . the sizes listed above will become industry standards because the mattresses 102 for use with both anthropometric and quasi - anthropometric beds are not suited for conventional beds and conventional mattresses are not suited for the beds 100 of the present invention . in order to produce anthropometric beds for the mass market when the configuration of a bed changes according to the measurements of the intended user , a system approach is necessary , and is a part of the present invention . a close examination of the problem involves the overall length of the parts which must be matched to the measurements of the intended user , and for this reason aluminum and plastic extrusions are widely used and become the raw material for making parts . the extrusions are engineered to maximize strength , minimize mass and reduce weight . a further cost savings accrues from the fact , that paint is not needed to prevent oxidation . extrusions are easy to cut to length with great accuracy using numerically controlled ( n . c .) saws , and the cut ends can be used as reference surfaces for drilling , and milling operations , again using n . c . machines . to make a anthropometric type bed the first step is the measurement of the intended user or articulee , using the link length system . the link may be defined as the shortest distance between two pivot points . for simplicity the entire spine of twenty - four links may be represented by a single link . joints are approximations of the center of rotation for various types of hinge joints and can be located by articulating the joint . an example may be locating the knee pivot point by having the subject sit on a tall hard bottomed stool , a stool tall enough to prevent the feet from contacting the floor . while in this position and the subject relaxed gently articulate the lower leg through a normal range of movement . while the leg articulates place a pointer , say the eraser end of a pencil , on the outside of the knee and locate the point in which the pencil remains stationary while the leg is moving and place a dot of vegetable color on the skin at this point , repeat the process to make sure , then use the dot as a measuring point . the hip pivot point can be found in a similar manner . referring to chart a , the first dimension needed is the overall height measured to the nearest inch . this is used to determine the length of the bed using the dash numbers - 1 through - 4 . the general rule is applied of adding a minimum of eight inches or a maximum of fourteen inches to the overall height of the intended user . for example an intended user seventy inches tall would require a - 2 frame eighty inches long or 80 inches minus 70 inches equals 10 inches which falls within the eight to fourteen inch range . or an intended user seventy - three inches tall would require a - 3 frame eighty - six inches long or 86 inches minus 73 inches equals 13 inches which falls within the eight to fourteen inch range . the second dimension a or the distance from the top of the head to the hip pivot point , like all dimensions involving pivot points , is measured to the nearest one tenth of an inch . this measurement is used to locate the hip pivot point relative to the head end of the upper frame rails and also the head end of the mattress . adding the l1 dimension , a fixed dimension of four inches , to the a dimension results in the dimension needed . this dimension is used to locate the two roll pins 12 driven through each of the two upper frame rails 101 , 102 and becomes the first step in making an anthropometric bed , because all assemblies and parts are relative to these roll pins 12 . see fig1 and 6 . using the example of the seventy inch tall intended user having an a dimension of 32 . 9 inches plus the l1 dimension of 4 . 0 which equals 36 . 9 inches . this is the proper dimension to locate the roll pins in a - 2 frame 80 inches long . by following the above method of measuring the articulee using the overall height to select the proper frame and mattress length , and using the hip pivot point to the top of the head measurement plus 4 . 0 inches to locate the position of the roll pins 12 in the upper frame rails 101 , 102 locates the articulee in the bed with the top of the head being 4 . 0 inches from the head end of the mattress . again referring to chart a , the third dimension b or the distance from the hip pivot point to the knee pivot point is required . a careful look at chart a indicates there are several ways of arriving at the b dimension , however the direct measurement between two dots of vegetable coloring is best and less subject to mathematical errors . the b distance , or distance between the hip pivot point and the knee pivot point , is an important part of the bed 100 construction , however the b dimension is not directly applied to the bed 100 but applied to a complicated mechanism , the articulating mechanism 700 , and will be explained later . during the measurement phase two other observations should be listed , weight and body build ; both are important in construction , especially of the anthropometric mattress 102 . weight is listed to the closest five pounds and the body build as thin ( ectomorphic ), muscular ( mesomorphic ) or rotund ( endomorphic ). quasi - anthropometric adjustable articulating beds 100 and mattresses 102 , made for an unknown intended user , or articulee , using the series approach provides a way to mass market the quasi - anthropometric bed 100 without the intrusiveness of taking measurements . the first step is the overall height of the intended user . however , to cover the height range of five feet to seven feet tall inclusive in one inch increments requires twenty five different sizes and to cover two widths , results in fifty different configurations . this is not the end because height is only part of matching the bed 100 to the human form ; proportions such as thigh length and distance from the top of the head to the hip pivot point also must be considered . when range , width , thigh length and the top of head to hip pivot point dimension are extended the result is 31 , 250 different configurations . this is not to say that any manufacturer or retailer would ever consider standardizing all the configurations possible , however it is to say the system presented in the present invention allows the flexibility and the ability to produce any of the many configurations with only the amount of material used as a difference . once a manufacturer has the means of production ( facilities , tooling , materials , labor , supervision , and sales ), demographics , customer acceptance , and sales forecasting , a manufacturer could determine what to offer in standard sizes or as special order items . one way could be to standardize by height using only even inch dimensions , ( 13 ) sizes , and then apply average dimensions of thigh length and top of head to hip pivot point dimensions from the work of henry dreyfuss associates called “ human scale ” based on us population or some other well known work from the field of human engineering . the quasi - anthropometric beds 100 are thus identical to the anthropometric beds 100 except they are pre - manufactured to certain standard sizes thus offering immediate delivery and can be comparatively selected at point of purchase . a series of quasi - anthropometric beds 100 and mattresses 102 are made having proportional differences related to race or ethnography . in some countries having a large number of articulees will match a small series of quasi - anthropometric beds 100 and mattresses 102 when properly selected . all anthropometric types begin with three basic elements ; 1 ) the over - all height of the intended user or articulee expressed in inches , to the nearest inch ; 2 ) the measured distance the top of the head to the hip pivot point a expressed in inches to the nearest tenth inch ; 3 ) the measured distance from the hip pivot point to the knee pivot point b expressed in inches to the nearest tenth inch . the over - all height dimension is applied to select the upper frame length best suited to match the articulate . the system uses as a base , four frame lengths which are referred to by dash numbers , - 1 is seventy four , ( 74 ) inches long and used for an articulee in the over - all height range of sixty ( 60 ) inches through sixty - six , ( 66 ) inches ; the - 2 is eighty ( 80 ) inches long and used for an articulee in the over - all height range of sixty - six ( 66 ) inches through seventy - two ( 72 ) inches ; the - 3 is eighty - six ( 86 ) inches long and used for an articulee in the over - all height range of seventy - two ( 72 ) inches through seventy - eight ( 78 ) inches ; and lastly the - 4 is ninety - two ( 92 ) inches long and used for an articulee in the range of seventy - eight ( 78 ) inches through eighty - four ( 84 ) inches . the rule for selecting the proper upper bed frame 200 is : the bed frame 200 should be no less than eight ( 8 ) inches longer or fourteen ( 14 ) inches greater than the articulee &# 39 ; s over - all height . referring again to chart a and selecting a particular human form or articulee to use as a model , selected is the fifty percentile u s male , 70 inches over - all height with an a measurement of 32 . 9 inches from the hip pivot point to the top of the head and a b measurement of 17 inches from the knee pivot point to the hip pivot point . first select the proper frame length , this would be the - 2 frame 80 inches long because it complies to the 8 to 14 inch rule . next to the a dimension of 32 . 9 add the l dimension of 4 . 0 inches for a total of 36 . 9 inches . this is the distance used to locate and drill two { fraction ( 5 / 16 )} diameter holes through each of the two upper frame rails 201 and 202 as shown in fig1 and 3 at 12 . after drilling insert a { fraction ( 5 / 16 )} diameter roll pin in each of the two holes , the roll pins are now located so they are 36 . 9 inches from the head end of the upper frame 200 and the mattress 102 . the roll pins are not to be confused as being the hip pivot point , however they are on the same vertical plane as the hip pivot point of the articulee when properly positioned on his bed . the b dimension of the model , the distance from hip pivot point to the knee pivot point , a distance of 17 inches affects parts used in the finalization or customizing of the articulating mechanism 700 . see fig7 . the following reference numerals are used on fig1 - 18 , and charts a and b : 01 pivot point 02 pivot point 06 pivot point 09 pivot point 14 hole 03 pivot point 04 pivot point 04 pivot point 07 pivot point 08 pivot point 11 pivot point 12 roll pin 13 hole 100 invention 101 top layer of mattress 102 mattress 103 lower , serpentine layer of mattress 105 cross bar 106 skirt 107 lip 111 thigh support pad 112 leg support pad 113 coccyx support pad 114 lumbar or torso support pad 124 upper voids in mattress 128 lower voids in mattress 200 main frame 201 longitudinal rail 202 longitudinal rail 203 cross rail 300 pedestal base 500 dual actuator 504 motor 508 double reduction worm gear 512 split gear case 514 gear case 516 torque tube 603 sliding plate 621 bellcrank 622 second lever 661 leg supportbar 700 articulating mechanism 709 thrust plate 711 end plate 714 link 731 fitting 732 fitting 741 anchor bracket 742 anchor bracket 761 drag link 762 drag link 767 attachment bracket 770 thigh support subassembly 770a first thigh support bar 770b second thigh support bar 775 lever 776 gear segment 777 drive pinion 781 connection 786 lateral square tube 786a lateral square tube 787 lateral square tube 789 positioning link 791 stirrup 900 orbiculator 941 open ended gear case 942 gear case cover 951 drive gear 953 drive gear 969 torso support bar 972 roller 981 rotor 981a 168 tooth external gear 981b 240 tooth internal gear 985 timing gear 987 idler gear 989 spur gear drive a distance from the top of the head to the hip pivot point b distance from the hip pivot point to the knee pivot point l1 fixed dimension of four inches the anthropomorphic and quasi - anthropomorphic beds 100 of the present invention have been described with reference to a particular embodiment . other modifications and enhancements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims that follow .
a system for producing adjustable articulated beds . these beds use measurements taken from a particular human form applied to the bed construction . all beds made using this system have the following in common : a standard distance of four inches from the top of the intended user &# 39 ; s head to the head end of the mattress ; a mattress that increases in length as the bed is articulated upward and decreases in length when returning to supine position thus matching the change that occurs to the posterior length of the user with no slippage ; standardized articulating mechanisms , to articulate the thighs and legs plus and increases the length of the thigh supporting sections when articulated upward , thus matching the movement of the human form ; and standardized orbiculators to articulate the torso .