humans have two types of hair , “ terminal ” hair which is longer , coarser and pigmented on the scalp , eyebrows and eyelashes and “ vellus ” hair which is soft , rarely more than 2 mm long and generally non - or lighter - pigmented . terminal hair is developed hair , which is generally longer , coarser , thicker , and darker than the shorter and finer vellus hair . phases of growth in terminal hair are more apparent than in vellus hair ; terminal hair generally has a longer anagen phase . a terminal hair has associated sebaceous glands , whereas a vellus hair may not . it &# 39 ; s deep rooted and closer to the nourishment from the blood supply . the terminal hair also remains in the anagen stage much longer than vellus hair . at any one time , about 10 percent of the hair on the scalp is in a resting phase . after 2 to 3 months , the resting hair falls out and new hair starts to grow in its place . this growing phase lasts for 2 to 6 years . abbot 90 percent of the hair on your scalp is growing at any one time . it is normal to shed some hair each day as part of this cycle . however , some people may experience excessive ( more than normal ) hair loss . individual hairs alternate periods of growth and dormancy . during the growth portion of the cycle ( the anagen phase ), hair follicles are long and bulbous , and the hair advances outward at about a third of a millimeter per day . after three to six months , body hair growth stops . the follicle shrinks and the root of the hair grows rigid . following a period of dormancy , another growth cycle starts , and eventually a new hair pushes the old one out of the follicle from beneath . head hair , by comparison , grows for a long duration and to a greater length before being shed . the rate of growth is approximately half an inch pet month . hair follicles are sensitive to internal and external changes , which may cause hair loss . certain factors like changes in diet , stress level , drugs , health , and environment may result in hair loss , which is usually temporary snd ewill resolve over time or once the underlying cause is corrected . usually , with hair loss the terminal hairs regress to vellus - type hairs in which the hair follicle reduces in size thereby producing smaller , finer hair . the shallowly rooted vellus hair , due to a shorter life cycle , does not get the chance to mature into deep - rooted terminal hair . under other conditions , such as male pattern baldness , terminal hairs may revert to a vellus - like state . at its essence , the composition of the invention is the oil fraction that is obtained by boiling and simmering the cleaned bones of mammals in water . this lipoidic fraction rises to the top during such a process , and usually is discarded when one is making a soup for consumption . however , for the present invention , this is the essential component . the specific mechanism by which the compositions of the present invention are effective for treating such hair loss is not precisely known . in any case , the compositions have been shown to regrow terminal hair that has been lost , or become vellus hair - like . restoration of overplucked or thinning eyebrows , for example , has also been accomplished with the present compositions . the hair re - growth effects are initially observed in a matter of days ( about 10 - 14 days or so ) with daily treatment . it is noted that there is a commercial skincare product that claims to contain “ bone marrow oil ”; however , there is no description of how this component of the skin cream is produced ( and so , exactly what it is ), and there is no disclosure or suggestion of using the skincare product for hair or hair growth . see www . chicet . com , chicet natural european skin care products , los angeles , calif . thus , the present invention for the first time describes a process for the manufacture of what will be referred to herein as “ bone marrow oil ”, as well as discloses its surprising effects on hair growth promotion / hair loss prevention and other beneficial effects . as the mammals from which the bones may be derived , the only limitation is that the mammals have hair or fur ( thus excluding , for instance , sea mammals ). further , it is desirable to obtain the bones from mammals that are domesticated , simply for their ready availability and the best assurances of not being diseased ( for instance by mammalian prion diseases ). preferably , the bones are obtained from a reputable butcher or the like , for ready availability and inherent safety measures taken by such . the bones of the mammal are of any origin of the body , though preferably they are bones that contain the most marrow ( for instance , leg and thigh bones , hip bones , etc .). the bones are first thoroughly rinsed and cleaned of all external matter , i . e . cartilage , meat , tendons and the like . next , the bones are broken crosswise or lengthwise to expose the marrow , and then placed in a container and covered with water in an amount sufficient to completely cover the bones and allowing for at least a few inches of water above that . such a level of water is maintained throughout the rest of the process by adding water when needed . the water is heated to the boiling stage , and then lowered to a simmer for an overall period of approximately 30 hours . during this simmering period , after at least about 5 hours , the oil that appears on the top of the container is skimmed off in a manner to obtain only the oil without any , or minimal water . it is essential to exclude the water in order to ultimately obtain a composition that will hot become contaminated with microbes and thus decompose . the oil phase obtained at this time point consitutes about 40 - 50 % of the yield of the product from the bones . after first skimming at the time point above , during the remaining simmering time ( about an additional 25 hours ), the oil fraction is skimmed off in the same manner as it appears on the top of the water . it is preferable that as the bones are simmering , the container is slightly agitated to thus release an optimum amount of the oil from the marrow . also , it is essential that during this process the bones are always covered in water , which may require adding water to the container ocassionally . it is particularly preferred if at the end of simmering ( i . e ., after about 30 hours ) the bones are agitated to more fully release any remaining lipoidic fraction of the marrow . it is understood that the process described above can be modified , such as for instance waiting until the end of the simmering ( i . e . about 30 hours ) to collect all of the oily phase at one time . the oily fraction thus obtained , which becomes a solid upon cooling , is deposited in a sterile container , which may be the container to be marketed , or a container to hold the material for other future use . in any event , the oily composition will have a shelf - life of about 5 years or so , particularly since no water is present . if necessary , any water that may be present in the skimmed off oily substance can be easily removed by further processing , given the fact that the oily phase is not miscible in the aqeous phase and further that oily oily phase solidifies on cooling to ambient temperature . thus , for example , the oil is allowed to cool after removal from the simmering container , whereby it solidifies and is easily separated or dried of any remaining water . the composition is believed to contain one or more oils / lipids and proteinaceous materials , as well as other biomolecules . however , the identity of such components has not been determined . it is presumed that proteins have been denatured during the process of heating , and thus any ezymatic activity is lost . as mentioned previously , the bones may be of any mammalian origin as long as the mammal has hair . also as mentioned previously , preferred are mammals that are of a domesticated nature . more preferably , the bones are obtained from cows / calves , sheep / lamb , camels , elk , deer , boars and moose . also preferably , the bones are leg / thigh and hip bones . it is understood , however , that the preferences for sources of bones do not exclude other hairy mammals or other bones in the bodies of the mammals . in addition , the inventor has found that certain proportions of certain mammalian bones have increased potency ( i . e . effectiveness ) or are more effective for certain purposes . for instance , hair growth potency can be increased by using certain proportions of certain mammalian bones , and some proportions / sources can be more suited for women in particular or for a certain purpose , such as for eyebrows / eyelashes hair growth . the inclusion of chicken skins along with the bones , for instance , was found to result in a composition especially well - suited for females . these various formulations are more fully described in the examples below . the composition can be used directly in its original form , or can be further processed to formulate it with other agents or in other forms . for instance , the composition may include fragrances , or advantageous agents such as herbal or vitamin components selected for their ability to synergistically enhance treatment and / or delivery through the skin , hair or hair follicles , it being understood that the shelf - life of the combination product may be decreased and thus may require preservative agents as well . the composition may be also processed into the form of a lotion , gel , cream , foam , aerosol , or other suspension or delivery vehicle , to provide a different product to appeal to an individual &# 39 ; s lifestyle . methods and materials for producing such forms are readily available in the art , such as remington &# 39 ; s pharmaceutical sciences , mack publishing co . ( a . r . gennaro edit . 1985 ), which is specifically incorporated herein by reference . as such , the composition may contain one or more additional chemical compounds or class of chemical compounds therein . it is noted that a treatment composition according to the present invention may include a very wide effective concentration range of the active components in the original lipoidic composition , and the regimen of application in its original form or in combination with other ingredients can be modulated depending on the specific therapeutic or cosmetic goal desired . such lotions , gels , creams , etc . may preferably include agents suitable for cleansing the skin and / or hair in the affected , treated area . such agents include , but are not limited to , soaps , fatty acids , conditioners , and essential oils . also , suitable thickeners , coloring agents , perfumes , aromatic agents , and / or preservatives may be added to the lotions , gels , creams , or other suspensions or aerosols as desired by the treated individual . such agents may be useful in disguising or enhancing the color or frangrance of the composition of this invention ( although it is noted that the original composition is virtually odorless ). the compositions of the present invention may be formulated for use in conjunction with shampoos , conditioners , styling gels , mousses or other hair care products . for example , the compositions of the present invention may be formulated in conjunction with a shampoo and / or a conditioner to further improve the appearance or apparent thickness of hair . as used herein , the terms “ promote hair growth ,” and “ hair growth promoter ”, and the like , refer to methods or compositions for increasing the amount of hair growth or restoration of hair growth to the state before the onset of hair loss or hair thinning . as used herein , the terms “ prevent hair loss ,” “ hair loss prevention ,”, and the like , refer to methods or compositions for preventing the degree of hair loss . “ hair loss ,” as that term is used herein , includes inter alia hair thinning , or regression of terminal hair to vellus hair . “ treating hair loss ” means arresting hair loss , reversing hair loss , or both , and promoting hair growth . these phrases refer to any measurable slowing in the rate of hair loss , which is typically observed by visual inspection . as used herein , the term “ hair ” means hair having a terminal hair follicle , including hair on the scalp , transplanted hair , eyebrows and eyelashes . in other words , the compositions and methods are well - suited for terminal hairs . the compositions have no apparent affect if applied to vellus hair , thus one need not be concerned with typical body hair becoming terminal hair in body locations where such would be undesirable . with regard to the methods of treating hair loss / promoting hair growth , the bone marrow oil composition obtained as described above can be directly applied in a topical manner . there is no particular limitation on the amount of the composition of the present invention to be applied or the regimen of application for treating hair loss . generally , the composition can be applied to an individual in a dosage of about 10 milligrams to about 1 gram per day of the original , undiluted , composition to the affected area to be treated . in a practical sense , the oily solid is applied in a thin layer to the hair roots . for convenience , the application is performed at night , thus leaving the composition in place with minimal disturbance . the composition should be applied in such a manner as to ensure it reaches the roots of the hair . that is , when applying for instance to the head , care should be taken to ensure that the composition reaches the scalp and is not just applied to existing hair , in order to achieve the best effect . as for frequency of application , it is contemplated that the product , in a substantially undiluted form , should be used at least once daily , with positive results being seen in about 10 - 14 days . however , effective treatment is also possible with a frequency of application of , for example , from a maximum of three to four times daily or even more frequently to once a month or even less frequently . once positive results are obtained , the frequency of application can be reduced , even substantially , and can be merely modified by the individual in accordance with his / her personal preferences and observations . preferably , effective topical treatment appears to be from about once daily to once every three days with the applied composition remaining in place for at least about 15 - 30 minutes and preferably for a period of about 12 - 24 hours . the regimen of usage is determinable by the individual or his / her therapist / cosmetician in light of the cause of the hair loss ( a temporary hair loss , due for example to drug exposure , may require only regular use on a temporary basis , until after the removal of the harmful stimulus and subsequent regrowth of hair to a satisfactory level ). male - pattern or age - related baldness of thinning hair , where the causative agent is a constant presence , may require continual application , i . e ., the application treatments last for as long as the user is interested in maintaining his or her hair growth . the effect of the preparation on the hair itself or as an adjunct for skincare may be enhanced by adding various vitamins and other nutrients ( vitamin e , etc .) either simultaneously or consecutively . that is , in practicing the methods of the invention , the compositions can be used alone or in combination with other therapeutic or cosmetic agents . it is specifically to be noted that the present invention essentially requires topical ( or external ) application of the composition to the skin or hair of a host in need thereof . such external treatment is contemplated for use of the essential bone marrow oil composition itself . however , since the composition is hot harmful if ingested internally ( the oily fraction is normally consumed in soups ), internal treatment may be used but only as a supplement to external or topical treatment as set forth above . specifically , supplemental internal treatment is optional , but not necessary to the invention ; internal treatment by itself , on the other hand , is not contemplated as a method of treatment for the compositions of the invention . as an obvious prerequisite , the methods of the invention contemplate preferably first identifying an individual suffering from hair lass or hair thinning , or one likely to experience hair loss or hair thinning in the future . the invention also contemplates solving the problem of treating hair transplants in hair transplant patients in order to condition the scalp , promote faster healing of the surgical sites , prevent or reduce hair fall out and prevent or shorten the hair shock time . this problem is satisfactorily solved by the present invention which generally promotes faster graft healing , faster growth of the hair transplants , less itching and less transplant rejection . with the methods and products of the invention being employed for other purposes , particularly for conditioning the hair shafts and adding body to the hair , it is possible that different application amounts and rates may be determined and desirable . in particular , it may be found that substantially different amounts , probably smaller quantities , may be desirable for hair conditioning . optimum amounts and frequencies of application can be readily determined by those having ordinary skill in this art . the present invention is described in more detail in the examples below . it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the specific examples provided herein . furthermore , although specific types and amounts of materials and methods of obtaining the bone marrow oil are specified in the following examples , it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to these specific amounts and methods , and that variations in the amounts or types of bone marrow starting material , the duration of extraction , and the method of administration , or more specifically , of application to the scalp and / or hair , may be varied and still achieve the desired effect of increasing the amount of hair growth and / or preventing hair loss or hair thinning , and hair conditioning . the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof . the present embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative , and not restrictive . preparation of an essential bone marrow oil extract composition for hair treatment ten leg bones of bovine calves were obtained from a butcher , and were cleaned completely of all cartilage , meat and any other material on the outside of the bones and rinsed with water . the bones were cut to expose the marrow , and immersed completely in a container of water three inches or so above the bones . the water was brought to a boil , and then the heat reduced to a simmer . at about 5 hours post - boiling , with water being added as needed to keep the bones completely immersed throughout , the oil that rose to the top of the container was skimmed off ( without also collecting any of the water or minimal amounts of water ). the bones were simmered for an additional 25 hours , during which time the oily fraction that collected on top was removed periodically in the same manner as above . at 30 hours post - boiling , the container was agitated in a back and forth motion , which allowed for additional release of oily material , which also rose to the top and was collected . the skimmed aliquats of lipiodic material were combined and deposited into sterile containers and sealed . the same process as in example 1 was carried out , except the bones were obtained from animals in the following proportions : it was determined that this proportion of mammalian bones resulted in a composition that was about 2 × strength ( in relation to hair growth treatment ) as the base formulation of example 1 . the same process as in example 1 was carried out , except the bones were obtained from animals in the following proportions : it was determined that this proportion of mammalian bones resulted in a composition that was about 4 × strength as the base formulation of example 1 . the same process as in example 1 was carried out , except the bones were obtained from animals in the following proportions : it was determined that this proportion of mammalian bones resulted in a composition that was about 6 × strength as the base formulation of example 1 . the same process as in example 1 was carried out , except the bones were obtained from animals in the following proportions : it was determined that this proportion of mammalian bones resulted in a composition that was about 6 × strength as the base formulation of example 1 and particularly suitable for females . the same process as in example 1 was carried out , except the bones were obtained from animals in the following amounts . it was determined that this proportion of mammalian bones resulted in a composition that was particularly suitable for eyebrows and at about 4 × strength as the base formulation of example 1 . the same process as in example 1 was carried out , except the bones were obtained from animals in the following amounts : it was determined that this proportion of mammalian bones resulted in a composition that was particularly suitable for eyebrows and at about 6 × strength as the base formulation of example 1 . testing of the product was carried out on individuals , both men and women . these test subjects employed the treatment product of the invention prepared in accordance with example 1 for periods of time ranging from as little as several days to several weeks . the test subjects , at initiation of testing , had a variety of hair conditions ranging from substantially bald through receding hairlines to thinning hair and full heads of hair with varying degrees of hair loss . hair re - growth in all instances was observed visually on ah average of 10 to 14 days . the various treatment products as generally discussed in examples 2 - 7 are topically applied in the same manner noted above . in particular , similar topical application is contemplated for various hair conditions and hair locations ( e . g ., scalp , eyebrows , etc .). in each such application , the treatment composition is topically applied to the area with the particular affliction on a daily basis until hair re - growth is seen , after which the frequency of application is gradually reduced .
the present invention relates to composition useful in growing hair . the compositions are particularly suited for re - growing hair in subjects who have experienced hair loss due to any cause . the compositions comprise essentially the lipoidic fraction of mammalian bone marrow . methods of using the compositions and processes of preparing the lipoidic fraction for the compositions are also disclosed .