referring now to the drawings , wherein like characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views , there are shown in fig1 and 2 two perspectives of an automated anthropometric data measurement system ( aadms ) 10 according to the present invention and including , in general , a standing measuring assembly 12 and a seated measuring assembly 14 . as is shown in fig1 the standing measuring assembly 12 has a conventional load cell 16 or similar such device for determining the weight of a subject ( not shown ), and three position sensors 18a , 18b , and 18c which are used in conjunction with a counterbalanced or spring - loaded st measuring probe 20 to determine the subject &# 39 ; s stature ( st ) as defined in table i . table i______________________________________dimension definition______________________________________stature ( st ) the vertical distance from the floor to a measuring probe placed firmly against the sub - ject &# 39 ; s scalp , while the subject stands erect with his back , shoulders , and heels firmly positioned against the vertical plane . functional arm the distance from the vertical plane to thereach ( far ) point where the thumb and index finger are pressed together such that the greatest hori - zontal distance from the vertical plane is ob - tained while the subject is sitting erect , look - ing directly forward , with his head , shoulders , back , and buttocks firmly positioned against the seat back . the subject &# 39 ; s feet should be resting flat on the floor . sitting height the distance between the seat surface and the ( sh ) top of the head when the subject is sitting erect , looking directly forward , with his head , shloulders , back , and buttocks , firmly positioned against the seat back . the subject &# 39 ; s feet should be resting flat on the floor . shoulder height the distance from the seat surface to the topsitting ( shs ) of the acromial process on the right shoulder when the subject is sitting erect with his back , shoulders , and buttocks firmly positioned against the seat back . the subject &# 39 ; s feet should be resting flat on the floor . shoulder width the distance across the shoulders between the ( sw ) greatest protrusion of the deltoid muscles . it is measured with the subject sitting so that his shoulders , back , and buttocks are firmly posi - tioned against the seat back ; upper arms hang - ing at his sides and forearms extended for - ward . subject &# 39 ; s lungs should be fully expanded . buttock knee the distance from the back of the rightlength ( bkl ) buttock to the front of the right kneecap with the subject sitting erect with his back , shoulders , and buttocks firmly positioned a - gainst the seat back . the subject &# 39 ; s feet should be resting flat on the floor of the platform . functional leg the distance from the right buttock to thereach ( flr ) pivot point on a brake / rudder pedal assembly when the leg is extended as far as possible , while the subject is sitting erect with his back , shoulders , and buttocks firmly positioned a - gainst the seat back and his thigh positioned against the seat pan . knee height , the distance from the footrest surface to thesitting ( khs ) musculature just above the knee . it is meas - ured with the subject sitting such that his shoulders , back , and the buttocks are firmly positioned against the seat back and his knee is bent to form a 90 ° angle . ______________________________________ the subject , following an operator &# 39 ; s instructions , assumes an erect position upon the load cell 16 with his back flush to the upright position of the standing measuring assembly 12 , touching sensors 18a and 18b and placing his heels together on the sensor 18c . while a simple microswitch may be used for the standing heel sensor 18c , the standing back sensors 18a and 18b are perfectly formed of a matrix of such switches . once the subject is properly positioned , as determined by the simultaneous closure of the sensors 18a , 18b , and 18c , and as indicated to the operator on his operator &# 39 ; s display and control panel 44 , the operator lowers the st probe 20 until it touches the top of the subject &# 39 ; s head . in order to assist the operator in ensuring that the subject is properly positioned , the operator &# 39 ; s display and control panel 44 includes a conceptual view of the subject with a number of red / green ( go / no go ) indicator lights equal to the number of position sensors . for example , by examining the view present when measurements such as the functional arm reach and functional leg reach are taken , the operator can detect unacceptable rotation of the hip or shoulder which would lead to an erroneously high value for these anthropometric dimensions . an optical or potentiometric encoding device ( not shown ) is attached to the st probe 20 such that movement of the st probe 20 causes a concomitant change in the value sensed by the encoding device . for example , assuming that the encoding device is preset to a value of 84 inches , a ten - inch downward movement of the st probe 20 to the top of the subject &# 39 ; s head would indicate that the subject is 74 inches tall . as shown more clearly in fig2 the seated measuring assembly 14 is formed with a seat pan portion 22 and a seat back portion 24 , and generally includes an adjustable foot pedal 26 , and a plurality of position sensors 18d through 18j which are used in conjunction with a plurality of measuring probes 28 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 , and 40 to determine the remaining anthropometric features delineated in table i as is discussed in further detail hereinbelow . position sensors 18d through 18j may be configured similarly to the standing back sensors 18a and 18b , or may include a matrix which allows a small current to flow through the subject &# 39 ; s back , ensuring continuity when his back is positioned properly , while the probes 28 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 , and 40 include encoding devices as used in the st probe 20 . in order to determine the subject &# 39 ; s sitting height ( sh ), the operator will instruct the subject to sit upon the seat pan portion 22 with his back and buttocks positioned to close the left shoulder blade sensor 18d , two buttock sensors 18e , and the right shoulder blades sensor 18f . a conceptual view of the seated subject with a number of indicator lights equal to the number of position sensors 18d through 18j is displayed on a subject &# 39 ; s positioning aid 42 which is situated to permit continuous observation by the subject during his evaluation . for example , a red / green indicator may be used for each position sensor 18d through 18j to indicate whether it is open or closed . when all four sensors 18d , 18e , and 18f are simultaneously closed , the operator lowers the sh measuring probe 28 to the top of the subject &# 39 ; s head thus measuring his sitting height ( sh ) in a manner analogous to that described for the stature ( st ) measurement . the subject &# 39 ; s shoulder width ( sw ), shoulder height sitting ( shs ), and buttock - knee length ( bkl ) are similarly determined . for shoulder width ( sw ), the left shoulder blade sensor 18d , buttock sensors 18e , right shoulder blade sensor 18f , and the right shoulder wall sensor 18g must be closed before the operator can positon the sw measuring probe 30 against the subject &# 39 ; s left shoulder . the same sensors 18d , 18e , 18f , and 18g must be closed prior to the operator &# 39 ; s lowering of the shs measuring probe 32 to the top of the subject &# 39 ; s right shoulder in order to determine his shoulder height sitting ( shs ). likewise , in order to determine the subject &# 39 ; s buttock - knee length ( bkl ), the seat back sensor 18d , buttock sensors 18e , and the thigh sensor 18h must be closed before the operator positions the bkl measuring probe 36 against the subject &# 39 ; s right knee . for a determination of the subject &# 39 ; s functional arm reach ( far ), the left shoulder blade sensor 18d , buttock sensors 18e , and right shoulder blade sensor 18f must first be closed . the operator then instructs the subject to extend his right arm fully , keeping sensors 18d , 18e , and 18f closed , such that the juncture of his thumb and index finger touches a vertical extension 35 of the far measuring probe 34 . in order to determine the subject &# 39 ; s functional leg reach ( flr ), the left shoulder blades sensor 18d , buttock sensors 18e , thigh sensor 18f , and the heel and toe sensors 18i and 18j located on the pedal assembly 26 must be closed while the subject extends his right leg as far as he can while keeping his foot on the pedal assembly 26 which includes the flr measuring probe 38 . likewise , the left shoulder blade sensor 18d , buttock sensors 18e , and thigh sensor 18f must be closed while the operator positions the khs measuring probe 40 to the top of the subject &# 39 ; s right knee in order to determine the subject &# 39 ; s knee height sitting . a summary of the position sensor setting required for each anthropometric characteristic is presented in table ii . table ii__________________________________________________________________________ anthropometric featureposi - func - func - posi - tion shoulder tional buttock - tional kneetion sensor sitting shoulder height arm knee leg heightsensorsnumber stature height width sitting reach length reach sitting__________________________________________________________________________standing18c xheelstanding 18a , xback 18bleft 18d x x x x x x xshoulderbladebuttocks18e x x x x x x xright18f x x x xshoulderbladeright18g x xshoulder ( wall ) thigh18h x x xheel 18i x ( pedal ) toe 18j x__________________________________________________________________________ having explained in some detail the structural features of the present invention , its operation will now be summarized with reference to fig3 . the operator first enters the subject &# 39 ; s identification into the aadms 10 at an id entry device 46 , either manually or through the insertion of a pass card into a conventional card reader . an indication of the subject &# 39 ; s identification is subsequently displayed via a conventional microcomputer or system controller 50 on an id and measurement readout 48 located on the operator &# 39 ; s display and control panel 44 . the subject then assumes the required position , following operator instructions , in either the standing measuring assembly 12 or the seated measuring assembly 14 and ensures that the applicable position sensors are closed by observing the subject &# 39 ; s positioning aid 42 . when the subject is positioned correctly and the appropriate measuring probe is in place , data are allowed to flow to the system controller 50 from the respective encoding device attached to each probe . if the required position sensors have not been closed , the necessary corrective action ( i . e ., a red light indicating which sensors needs to be closed ) is displayed on the operator &# 39 ; s display and control panel 44 . anthropometric data will be recorded only when the subject is positioned correctly . after the system controller 50 receives the data from the particular measuring probe and displays that data on the operator &# 39 ; s display and control panel 44 , the controller 50 executes a number of data reasonability checks , such as determining whether the data are in range of known anthropometric valves and whether certain related measurements such as sitting height and shoulder height sitting have sufficient differences between them . if a discrepancy is noted , it will also be displayed on the operator &# 39 ; s display and control panel 44 . for example , in order to verify that the data are within acceptable ranges , a series of checking routines within the system controller 50 prevent values such as sitting heights greater than 44 inches or less than 30 inches from being entered into the aadms 10 . these minimum - maximum values are based on data associated with similar male and female populations . on the other hand , in order to verify that sufficient differences exist between various anthropometric measurements , another series of routines within the system controller 50 will , for example , ensure that the sitting height minus the shoulder height sitting must be at least 9 . 9 inches and connot exceed 14 . 3 inches . these routines are , again , based on similar data from the general population . when data from each of the anthropometric features listed in table i have successfully been collected , such observed data is compared in the system controller 50 to a prediction model stored therein . if the differences between the observed and the predicted values do not exceed a set of predetermined limits , then the data are accepted and stored on a data storage device 52 such as a magnetic disk or recorded on a standardized anthropometric data record form 54 . for example , by inserting the required values into prestored , conventional regression equations , predicted anthropometric dimensions can be obtained . if the predicted stature were assumed to be equal to the sitting height plus the functional leg reach plus a predetermined constant , and the measured value fell within a predetermined range around the predicted value , then the system controller 50 would consider it valid . while the aadms 10 is designed to work normally in an automatic mode , a manual mode is provided as a back - up in the preferred embodiment of the present invention . in the manual mode the data are copied manually onto an appropriate record form . some of the many advantages of the invention should now be readily apparent . for example , a novel system has been provided which is capable of quickly and reliably determining selected anthropometric features for use in screening aviators for assignment to the respective aircraft . moreover , the system provided is adaptable to magnetic storage media . obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings . it is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims , the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described .
an automated anthropometric data measurement system includes a standing muring assembly and a seated measuring assembly to determine pertinent anthropometric features of aviators being screened for assignment to particularly suitable aircraft . both assemblies have a plurality of position sensors and measuring probes which are selectively placed by an operator upon the aviator , each measuring probe producing a digital data signal indicative of the particular feature measured when selective position sensors indicate body contact . the signals are then collected by a microcomputer which compares them to a predetermined population and outputs the compared data to magnetic storage media .