the following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings and to certain preferred embodiments , but the detailed description of the invention does not limit the invention . the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents as it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that various features , variations , and modifications can be included or excluded based upon the requirements of a particular use . the present invention extends the functionality of sports bats by employing systems and methods of storing and reading manufacturing , inventory , and certification information associated with a particular bat . the stored information is encoded on an rfid ( radio frequency identification ) tag or similar identification device and embedded within the sports bat . when the sports bat is to be used in a game , the system and method of the invention then reads the stored information on the rfid tag and verifies that the sports bat is approved for use in a particular league or association game , and has not been altered or otherwise modified . if the information read by the rfid reading device is incorrect or nonexistent , the system and method of the present invention returns a message indicating that the bat is not approved for use . the system and method of the present invention has many advantages over prior systems because the determination of a non - approved or modified bat is wholly objective , can be performed prior to the bat being used in a game , and is performed much more quickly than possible solely with manual inspections . likewise , in a production , inventory , shipping , or sales control environment , the information stored on the rfid tag may be read and compared to original manufacturing , supply chain , and inventory control information . if the information read from the rfid tag does not match the original manufacturing information , further investigation may be performed to determine the veracity of a warranty claim , sales receipt information , and other return authorization information that may be used to deter or eliminate fraudulent claims . fig1 illustrates an exemplary system in which concepts and methods consistent with the present invention may be performed . as shown in fig1 , system 100 comprises a number of radio frequency reading devices 30 a , 30 b , 30 c , 30 d placed in locations that may physically receive a bat 10 with an embedded rfid tag 20 . for purposes of this disclosure , the terms radio frequency reading device and rfid reading device are synonymous . the radio frequency reading devices 30 a , 30 b , 30 c , 30 d may be located anywhere in the world and may be proximate to manufacturing facility 152 or in a location where such bats are distributed , sold , or used . for clarity and brevity , four radio frequency reading devices 30 a , 30 b , 30 c , 30 d are shown , but it should be understood that any number of radio frequency reading devices may use the system 100 with which to access sports bat data stored as data in a database . a portion of the database , or the total set of data may be housed within radio frequency reading devices 30 a , 30 b , 30 c , 30 d ( illustrated in detail in fig3 as database 38 ) and / or may be maintained in an off - site location . similarly , updates to data stored within radio frequency reading devices 30 a , 30 b , 30 c , 30 d may be updated with data provided by a separate source . for brevity , fig1 illustrates database 103 as located within the manufacturing facility 152 . database 103 may also be a network of databases as well . likewise , it should also be understood that any number of manufacturing facilities may be used by the system . for clarity and brevity , a single manufacturing facility 152 comprising an rfid writer 106 , an rfid computer 102 , an rfid server 104 , and a sports bat database 103 is shown as one preferred embodiment . it should also be understood that any radio frequency reading devices 30 a , 30 b , 30 c , 30 d may access data housed and stored by another user , such as a second manufacturing facility , a distributor , a reseller , a retail store , or any user that may provide and / or receive data indicative of a sports bat using the rfid tags and database . manufacturing facility 152 is illustrated as components , including computer 102 , database 103 , server 104 , and tag writer 106 merely to show a preferred embodiment and a preferred configuration . the data collection utilized in database 103 in manufacturing facility 152 can also be in a distributed environment , such as servers and devices on the world wide web . radio frequency reading devices 30 a , 30 b , 30 c , 30 d may access an data providing node such as manufacturing facility 152 through any computer network 198 including the internet , telecommunications networks in any suitable form , local area networks , wide area networks , wireless communications networks , cellular communications networks , g3 - communications networks , public switched telephone networks ( pstns ), packet data networks ( pdns ), intranets , or any combination of these networks or any group of two or more computing devices linked together with the ability to communicate with each other . as illustrated in fig1 , computer network 198 may be the internet where radio frequency reading devices 30 a , 30 b , 30 c , 30 d are nodes on the network as is manufacturing facility 152 . radio frequency reading devices 30 a , 30 b , 30 c , 30 d and rfid computer 102 a may be any suitable device capable of providing and receiving data to and from another device . for example these devices may be any suitable servers , workstations , pcs , laptop computers , pdas , internet appliances , handheld devices , cellular telephones , wireless devices , other devices , and the like , capable of performing the processes of the exemplary embodiments of fig1 - 3 . the devices and subsystems of the exemplary embodiments of fig1 - 3 can communicate with each other using any suitable protocol and can be implemented using one or more programmed computer systems or devices . in general , these devices may be any type of computing device connected to a network and interacting with application programs . in manufacturing facility 152 , tag writer 106 is used to write data to rfid tag 20 . as outlined previously , the various information regarding the bat 10 such as the model number , serial number , manufacturing company name , date of manufacture , ship date , dimensions , and the like may be written to rfid tag 20 . rfid tag 20 may also store information regarding for which baseball or softball association standards the bat 10 is approved for use . of course , additional information may be stored in the rfid tag 20 . the particular type of rfid tags selected for use , including write - once , write many , or read only tags , is dependent upon the situation in which the bat will be used . similarly , more than one rfid tag may be inserted and written to depending upon the information the manufacturer or supply chain participant requires . for example , a single write - once rfid tag may be written with information by the manufacturer . this information would never be subject to change , other than by illegal or unauthorized means . additionally , as another example , one rfid tag may be written with may be written with performance standard information regarding the bat by the manufacturer , and a second rfid tag may be written by a wholesaler or retailer with inventory information , such as model number , serial number , manufacturing company name , date of manufacture , sku number , stock number , cost , sales price , and the like . in this manner , the manufacturer has the flexibility to write any or all of the information to one or more rfid tags . once the data regarding the bat 10 is written to rfid tag 20 in the manufacturing facility 152 , the rfid tag 20 is embedded in bat 10 . bat 10 with rfid tag 20 embedded within it are then shipped to a buyer , such as a retail facility , wholesaler , end user , or the like . any of these potential buyers may possess a radio frequency reading device 30 with which to read the embedded rfid tag 20 . ultimately , an end user will acquire bat 10 and attempt to use it in a game . at that point , rfid tag 20 may be read by radio frequency reading device 30 a to access a database . the accessed database 38 may reside within radio frequency reading device 30 ( shown in fig3 ) or the accessed database may reside in a different location than the radio frequency reading device 30 a , such as database 103 ( as shown in fig1 ), depending upon the particular unique data and information indicative of the bat being examined and depending upon the desired implementation of this invention . regardless of the information stored in the embedded rfid tag 20 , the information may be read using radio frequency reading device 30 , which is schematically shown in fig2 and fig3 . fig2 shows a partial cross - sectional view of an example bat 10 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention having an rfid tag 20 embedded therein . the bat 10 may be any type of bat that can be manufactured with an rfid tag 20 embedded therein , such as a wood bat , a composite bat , a metal bat , and the like . as shown in fig2 , rfid tag 20 is inserted into the inside layer of the bat 10 while the bat 10 is being manufactured . as detailed above with regard to composite bats , the bats are manufactured in layers on a mandrel with successive layers applied on the mandrel to form a substantially cylindrical bat . the first layer applied becomes the inside - most layer when the manufacturing process is complete . while rfid tag 20 may be inserted into any layer of the bat as the manufacturing process progresses , since most illegal modifications or alterations are performed on the interior of the bat , preferably , the rfid tag 20 is placed approximately between 0 . 001 to 1 inch in the inner layer of the bat 10 . in one embodiment , the rfid tag 20 is embedded in the barrel portion of the bat , because modifications are typically made to the barrel portion of the bat 10 . as noted , the rfid tag 20 stores various information regarding the bat 10 such as the model number , serial number , manufacturing company name , date of manufacture , ship date , and the like . the rfid tag 20 may also store information regarding which baseball or softball association standards for which the bat 10 is approved . referring also to fig1 , when the bat 10 is to be examined , either prior to play in a baseball or softball game situation , or at a retail , wholesale , or other inventory control situation , the bat 10 is brought proximate to radio frequency reading device 30 . radio frequency reading device 30 interrogates rfid tag 20 embedded within bat 10 . the rfid tag 20 returns a signal back to the radio frequency reading device 30 with the requested information . radio frequency reading device 30 is shown in greater detail in fig3 and includes display 32 , keypad 34 , controller 36 , and database 38 such as a memory , disk , or other storage media capable of storing a database . once the radio frequency reading device 30 receives the information , the information may be viewed on display 32 . additionally , an on - board controller 36 may be used to process the information by comparing the received information to known information , such as that stored in databases 38 and / or 103 . the result of the comparison is then provided to a user on display 32 . the results of the comparison may be that the examined bat 10 includes information that exactly matches known information stored in databases 38 and / or 103 . the radio frequency reading device 30 may be implemented so that in the case of a baseball or softball game situation , an “ approved for play ” message or similar message may be shown on display 32 . if the bat 10 includes an rfid tag 20 with information that does not match the known information stored in databases 38 , 103 , or if the rfid tag 20 is missing , or otherwise cannot be interrogated or read by radio frequency reading device 30 , a “ not approved for play ” message or similar message may be shown on display 32 . likewise , the comparison may be performed manually by an umpire or other user capable of distinguishing between bats approved for play and those not permitted on the basis of the displayed information . for example , when the display 32 reads “ 2006 worth mayhem 120 slowpitch softball bat ,” an umpire may know that this bat is approved for use in all usssa ( united states specialty sports association ) and nsa ( national softball association ) tournaments and that the bat is therefore “ approved for play .” similarly , in the case of production , inventory , shipping , sales control , merchandise tracking , and order management , the information queried by the radio frequency reading device 30 may relate to stock numbers , sku information , cost and warranty information , and the like . in these situations , the message shown on display 32 may relate to start or end of warranty periods , authorized dealers , restocking charges , and the like . the message displayed by radio frequency reading device 30 may be customized or configured by the user , be they a shipping coordinator , a customer service representative , or an umpire , for example . for example , if a particular bat is sold by anaconda sports ®, anaconda sports ® may store data related to that bat on the rfid tag . if a purchaser or other user attempts to make a warranty return outside the stipulated warranty period , the rfid tag will provide information to ensure the accuracy of the warranty claim . additionally , if a purchaser were to attempt to return the bat to a different manufacturer or supplier , the rfid tag will provide information related to the identity of the manufacturer , the identity of the seller , the model number , and additional information with which to confirm an authorized return . additionally , by practicing the method of the present invention , an end user may provide important feedback to a manufacturer or other seller regarding the bat . for example , an association that monitors bats that are to used in their league tournament monitors 100 bats by reading the rfid tag in each of the 100 bats with a radio frequency reading device . the league or association may determine that each of a particular manufacturer &# 39 ; s bats examined are out - of - compliance with league specifications and rules and are thereby considered “ not approved for play .” the league or association may upload the data acquired when reading the rfid tag of each of the particular manufacturer &# 39 ; s bats and send the data to the manufacturer . with this information , the manufacturer may address quality control , shipping , warranty , and other issues related to the bats . one exemplary embodiment of the radio frequency reading device 30 has the capability to query and read an rfid tag from the bat 10 , view data from rfid tags , write rfid tag data , clear rfid tag data , and view comparison data for rifd tags , as applicable . multiple radio frequency reading devices 30 may be connected on a single network . one embodiment of the present invention uses a datalogic jet mobile computing device configured as a radio frequency reading device . the datalogic reading device captures , computes , and communicates rfid tag information using microsoft windows ce 4 . 2 net operating system . this example implementation includes an intel xscale 400 mhz microprocessor with 64 mbyte system ram and 32 / 64 mbyte system flash memory and employs a real - time clock for time and date stamping under software control . additionally , the reading device of this example includes irda integrated high speed bi - directional communication port ( irda 1 . 0 ); an integrate 3 pin rs232 serial communication port up to 115 . 2 kbps , and a usb integrated high speed port ( usb 1 . 1 ). this example implementation of the reading device also includes wireless data communication on a local area network using ieee 802 . 11b ( wi - fi ), an internal antenna with diversity option , and a frequency range of typically 2 . 4 - 2 . 5 ghz . wide area wireless network data communication may include gsm / gprs ( 900 / 1800 / 1900 mhz ) user accessible sim socket for fsm / gprs , an internal antenna , and bluetooth ieee 802 . 15 . the datalogic radio frequency reading device operates at 13 . 56 mhz for rfid applications and has the capability of reading an rfid tag within 10 cm . of course , the radio frequency reading device may be any similar reading device capable of reading one or more of the ems lrp series , iso 15693 , gemplus folio , inside picotag , omron v720 , philips i . code , microchip mcrf355 , mcrf360 , texas instruments rfid tag - it , or other similar rfid tags . an alphanumeric keypad 34 and a display screen 32 facilitate input / output communication from and to a user . the portable reader is built for indoor and outdoor use and is preferably rain and dust resistant , ip64 compliant , powered by rechargeable lithium ion 7 . 4 volt 1070 / 1800 mah ( 7 . 9 / 13 . 3 watt - hours ) battery with a connection for fast battery charging . there are integrated radio options and integrated scanner options for the reading device as well . preferably , the reading device 30 may be accommodated by a docking station ( not shown ) to provide desktop or workstation connectivity . this allows the rfid tag data stored in the radio frequency reading device to be uploaded to other users such as the manufacturing facility , distributor , and other similar users that may have a need for such data . as described , the radio frequency reading device 30 reads the data to ensure the bat 10 has not been modified or is otherwise not approved for use . the embedded rfid tag 20 in bat 10 may be used for determining and discouraging user modifications to certified bat performance standards . in particular , when modifying bats , users typically remove material from the inner layer of the bat 10 . because the rfid tag 20 is embedded between 0 . 001 to 0 . 005 inch from inner layer of the bat 10 , removal of material will damage or remove the rfid tag 20 . in other words , damage of the rfid tag 20 renders it inoperable . if the rfid tag 20 cannot be read using the radio frequency reading device 30 , whether because the rfid tag 20 is damaged or is missing , the bat 10 may be considered to be damaged or tampered with , and “ not approved for play ”. attempts to disguise the bat 10 by painting it to appear as a different model which is legal for play in a particular league may be detected and prevented by reading the information stored in the rfid tag 20 , which preferably includes the manufacture model numbers . therefore , the present invention also makes the use of a mis - marked bat more difficult and discourages such attempts . the present invention also allows improved production , inventory , shipping , and sales tracking and management of returns to reduce false returns to the manufactures . in this regard , unique numbers , such as serial numbers assigned to each bat , can be stored in the rfid tag 20 . such numbers can be used for inventory control purposes and to check bats for return authorization . in addition , as described , the manufacture can read the rfid tag 20 to detect fraud when warranty issues arise . in this regard , it is not unusual for people to buy false receipts for fraudulent claims through the internet . correspondingly , the present invention helps to discourage such practices . the devices and subsystems of the exemplary embodiments of fig1 - 3 are for exemplary purposes , as many variations of the specific hardware used to implement the exemplary embodiments are possible , as will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant arts . for example , the functionality of one or more of the devices and subsystems of the exemplary embodiments of fig1 - 3 can be implemented via one or more programmed computer systems or devices . the devices and subsystems of the exemplary embodiments of fig1 - 3 can store information relating to various processes described herein . this information can be stored in one or more memories , such as a hard disk , optical disk , magneto - optical disk , ram , and the like , of the devices and subsystems of the exemplary embodiments of fig1 - 3 . one or more databases of the devices and subsystems of the exemplary embodiments of fig1 - 3 can store the information used to implement the exemplary embodiments of the present invention . all or a portion of the devices and subsystems of the exemplary embodiments of fig1 - 3 can be conveniently implemented using one or more general purpose computer systems , microprocessors , digital signal processors , micro - controllers , and the like , programmed according to the teachings of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention , as will be appreciated by those skilled in the computer and software arts . additionally , network transmission media can include coaxial cables , copper wire , fiber optics , and the like . network transmission media also can take the form of acoustic , optical , electromagnetic waves , and the like , such as those generated during radio frequency ( rf ) communications , infrared ( ir ) data communications , and the like . the foregoing description of exemplary aspects and embodiments of the present invention provides illustration and description , but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed . those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications , permutations , additions , and combinations of those embodiments are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the invention . therefore , the present invention also covers various modifications and equivalent arrangements that would fall within the purview of appended claims and claims hereafter introduced .
a system and method for positively identifying a sports bat to ensure the bat has not been tampered or otherwise altered after manufacture includes an rfid tag that is embedded in the bat during the manufacturing process . the rfid tag stores information related to the individual bat . in competition , the information stored in the embedded rfid tag is read using an rfid reading device . if a bat is modified or otherwise altered after manufacture , the rfid tag will be damaged or missing from the modified bat . in that case , the rfid reading device will be unable to properly read the rfid tag and the information stored on the tag , and the bat may be considered “ not approved for play .” in a similar fashion , the rfid tag may also be used to track and maintain inventory control , while ensuring the bat remains in the same condition as when it was manufactured .