referring firstly to fig1 , this drawing shows diagrammatically an assembled , proximal femoral prosthesis comprising a trochanter component 1 having a femoral neck 2 , which is tapered to receive a femoral ball in a conventional fashion . the trochanter component is shown in more detail in the views shown in fig3 and it may be seen that it corresponds roughly to the anatomical shape and has a generally flat face 3 for attachment to any residual bone or to soft tissues . the trochanter component 1 has an internal female taper , best seen in fig3 , and is assembled onto a male taper carried by a shaft 5 . the detailed construction of shaft 5 are apparent from the views in fig4 and it will be seen that shaft 5 has a male taper 33 at one end for engagement into the female taper of the trochanter component 1 and at its other end has a female taper 7 for engagement with one end of a stem 8 ( shown in more detail in fig5 ). stem 8 is fitted into a resected femur 9 either by press - fit or by using bone cement . surrounding the distal end of the shaft 5 , is a collar 10 which is shown in more detail in fig6 . collar 10 has a distal lower end 11 which abuts cancellous bone forming the face of resected bone 9 . the dimensions of collar 10 are selected so that the end face of collar 10 approximates to the dimensions of the resected end face of the resected bone . as illustrated it terminates in board of the external dimension of the bone 9 , ie is somewhat smaller in outside diameter than the outside diameter of the resected end face of the bone . in this first embodiment the collar 10 is formed on its external surface with stipples and coated with a bone growth stimulating material such as hydroxyapatite . these measures encourage cancellous bone to grow over the surface of collar 10 and help to more firmly lock the prosthesis into the residual resected bone 9 . it is often possible when removing damaged bone or tumour to retain the residual portion 12 of the trochanter . this residual piece of bone may have ligaments or other soft tissue attached to it and it is useful to use this to assist in stabilising the trochanter replacement component . the residual bone 12 can be attached to the trochanter component by clamping a plate 13 to the face 3 of the trochanter component . fig2 shows a view of an assembled distal prosthesis comprising a condylar head component 21 forming one part of the knee joint which is connected to a shaft 5 in an analogous way to the way in which the trochanter component 1 is connected to the shaft 5 in fig1 . similarly , shaft 5 is connected to stem 8 in a similar way to that previously described in connection with fig1 and collar 10 is slid over the tapered lower portion of shaft member 5 just as described above in connection with fig1 and has a distal tapered portion 11 which abuts the resected face of the femur 9 . in a similar way , this encourages bone growth over the surface of the collar 10 . details of the trochanter component 1 are shown in the views of fig3 . it would be seen that the flat face 3 of the trochanter component 1 are formed in a pattern of spikes 30 . this pattern of spikes is provided to ensure a firm connection with any residual bone 12 ( see fig1 ) and serves to further stabilise the prosthesis . it would be seen that the trochanter component has a female taper terminating internally with an offset recess 31 . recess 31 is shaped to be engaged with a projection 32 formed on the male taper 33 of the shaft 5 . ( see fig4 ). the trochanter component is provided with a transverse hole 34 into which a disassembly tool can be inserted to force the trochanter component and the shaft apart where disassembly is required . as can be seen in fig4 , the shaft 5 also has a female taper 7 and is formed with a similar recess 35 to the recess 31 in the trochanter component . shaft 5 also includes a transverse hole 36 into which a disassembly tool can be inserted to force apart the shaft and the stem component which is designed to fit into the taper 7 . referring further to fig3 , it will be seen that the trochanter component also incorporates holes 36 . these are intended for suturing the trochanter component to soft tissue such as tendons in the event that there is no residual bone , to which tendons are attached , which could be clamped to the stippled face 3 . the trochanter component is intended to be provided as a standard component of a modular system although there would be right and left handed versions . there may also be alternative trochanter components in which the degree of offset of the femoral neck differs to suit a particular patient . as can be seen from fig4 , the femoral shaft , although standardised so far as the tapers are concerned , is supplied in lengths of 15 mm intervals . the femoral shaft is also provided with notches 37 designed to engage with corresponding lugs or ears 38 which are integral with the collar 10 . the engagement of the collar on the shaft 5 and also the ears 38 in the notches 37 enables the collar to be fitted securely on the shaft . the lugs or ears 38 provide stability of the prosthesis against rotation . suitably the collar has a pair of diametrically opposed ears 38 but in some embodiments may have only one such ear 38 . suitably the femoral shaft has more notches than the number of corresponding ears 38 and at a range of different spacings around the circumference to give the surgeon choice in the orientation of mounting of the collar , suitably at two different radial orientations spaced at 90 degrees to each other . this is particularly useful where the collar is ovoid cylindrical at its end face rather than circular cylindrical . fig5 shows various views of the stem component 8 . as can be seen from the cross - sectional view , the stem is formed with flutes for engaging in cortical bone and may be straight or curved to accommodate any curvature in the bone canal . the proximal end of the shaft has a taper 42 which corresponds with the internal taper 7 of the shaft component . the shaft also includes a projection 43 which corresponds with the recess 35 in the shaft component . the shaft component 5 includes a transverse hole 36 for disassembly purposes whereby a tool inserted through the hole will press apart the stem and the shaft by bearing on the corresponding end faces of the stem and shaft . as can be seen from fig5 , the stem is available in a number of diameters and lengths and may be curved or straight to accommodate the various surgical problems which might be encountered in fitting such a prosthesis . as can be seen from fig6 , collar 10 has an internal taper 39 adapted to fit on a corresponding taper 40 at one end of the shaft 5 . as can be seen from fig6 and 8 to 11 , the collar is supplied in a number of different forms , with different diameters , d 1 and d 2 as well as in a range of different shapes . the variants of the collar may be supplied individually or as a kit to enable the surgeon to select the best match in size and shape for the resected end face of the resected bone . in fig6 the external cylindrical form of the collar is inwardly tapered towards the distal end facing toward the resected end face of the bone . the surface that is treated for osseointegration by stippling and hyrdoxyapatite ( ha ) coating is shown as extending over this tapered end portion and extending up the outer cylindrical surface too . in fig8 b the collar has no external taper and in fig8 c the collar is proximally tapered instead . in fig9 a variant is shown having no stippling or ha coating and which is suitable for use in situations where no permanent fixation is required . in fig1 a , 10 b , 11 a and 11 b further variants are shown with ovoid or not wholly circular cylindrical distal or proximal ends . fig7 shows a modular extension shaft which enables the total assemblies as shown in fig1 and 2 to be extended . modular extension shaft 50 has male and female tapes at opposite ends which correspond respectively with taper 7 of the modular shaft and taper 42 of the modular stem . of course , modular extension shaft 50 may be used in conjunction with a standard shaft or alone to connect the trochanter component 1 or condular member 21 with the stems 8 . although the prosthesis shown in fig1 and 2 is a femoral replacement prosthesis , analogously formed components could be employed to replace another long bone such as the humerus . as described above , the components of the prosthesis can be readily dismantled by using a disassembly tool inserted in the transverse walls in the components at each tapered join either after a trial assembly or in a revision operation . the material preferably used is a titanium alloy throughout except for the femoral heads where cobalt chromium or ceramic heads are preferably used .
a prosthesis for partial replacement of a long bone in humans or animals , the prosthesis including : a proximal or distal end component forming one component of a prosthetic joint ; a shaft on or assembled with the distal or proximal end component in use ; a stem for engagement in a resected bone ; and an initially separate collar assembled to the shaft or an extension thereof in use , the collar being dimensioned to abut the resected end face of the bone into which the prosthesis is to be fitted , wherein the end face of the collar facing the resected face of the bone is sized and shaped to correspond to the resected end face of the bone .