referring now to fig1 which is a vertical sectional view of the process irradiator of the invention , the processor includes a housing 10 which is of generally cylindrical conformation having a concrete sidewall 12 approximately 72 inches thick and a top 14 , also of concrete approximately 72 inches thick . carried on top 14 is a tower 16 which contains a lifting structure including cylinders 24 , 25 and 26 connected through cables 28 , 29 and 30 to a pair of lifting blocks 32 and 34 . another cylinder and cable are not visible in this view . each of blocks 32 and 34 carry a plurality of cobalt 60 sources which are supported on cables movable within a plurality of stainless steel guide tubes 35 . tubes 35 are , in turn , located within and protected by a perforated cylindrical steel housing 36 which extends from top 14 through the floor 38 of the process irradiator 10 . also visible in this view are a plurality of turntables 40 b and 40 d . turntables 40 b and 40 d are connected by means of a plurality of vertical supports 41 to circular drive members 42 b and 42 d located near the top of housing 10 which carry chain sprockets 44 b and 44 d , respectively . only a single vertical support 41 is shown connected between turntables 40 b and drive member 42 b and between turntable 40 d and drive member 42 d to avoid confusing the drawing . the numbers and locations of such supports will be obvious to those skilled in the art , it only being necessary to allow clearance for loading the turntables . the chain sprockets are part of a chain drive system , discussed in detail below , which includes a double sprocket idler assembly 46 . a motor 48 drives a chain 50 connected to assembly 46 through a belt or chain drive 52 to a right angle drive 54 , a clutch 56 and a shaft 58 terminating in a sprocket 60 . on the floor 38 of housing 10 is a circular guide rail 62 which guides a plurality of rigid casters 64 around its periphery to assure that the turntables move around in the desired circle within housing 10 . connected to motor 48 or another suitable motor is a sprocket 66 which transmits power through a chain 70 which serves to drive a rotatable carousel 72 upon which all the turntables are supported and rotated . block 73 shown connected to tower 16 contains controls including a central data processor and input devices which provide such functions as raising and lowering the cobalt 60 sources only when door 18 is closed , opening door 18 only when the sources are safely stored in the storage cask 76 etc . the structure in housing 10 is more clearly shown in fig2 which is a sectional view taken along line 2 — 2 of fig1 . shown in this view is housing 10 , turntables 40 a , 40 b , 40 c and 40 d , and the steel guard housing 36 shown enclosing a plurality of guide tubes 35 . turntables 40 a , 40 b 40 c and 40 d are movable on carousel 72 around circular rail 62 to a position adjacent an opening 17 and door 18 for loading and unloading of containers 44 which contain the material to be irradiated . the containers are dimensioned to fit on the turntables without interference with either the interior surface of sidewall 12 or guard housing 36 and can be stacked two or three high on the turntables . to avoid interference with door 18 which is closed during irradiation , the carousel 72 is rotated 45 degrees from the loading / unloading position as shown . if the material to be irradiated is supplied with other packaging , such packaging must be placed within the containers . preferably , the turntables and the bottoms and tops of the containers 44 have mating grooves or projections to assure that the containers are properly positioned on the turntables and on each other . since containers 44 are generally loaded on to the turntables by means of a forklift truck such grooves or projections should preferably be positioned to accommodate the tines of the forklift . the cobalt 60 sources are suspended on rigid members movable within the guide tubes 35 . when the sources are not in use actively irradiating the contents of materials in the containers 44 , they are stored in a storage cask 76 which is buried in and below the level of floor 38 and directly below tower 16 . this storage cask is of void free lead lined with steel and is approximately 30 inches in diameter and 30 inches deep . each of the sources includes a plug of tungsten shielding material 77 above the cobalt 60 material which effectively shields the inside of housing 10 from radiation from storage cask 46 . this shielding is sufficient to keep radiation levels within housing 10 to less than 5 mrem / hr at 12 inches directly above the cask around the cask protective housing 36 when the sources are in stored position in cask 46 . the carousel 72 may be driven by means of motor 48 or another motor 48 a shown secured in a shielded housing 12 a to attached sidewall 12 and which drives a chain 70 which travels in tubes through sidewall 12 . chain 70 wraps around the carousel 72 causing the carousel 72 to rotate from one loading and unloading position to the next . certain supports and braces are shown in dashed lines which are positioned under and tend to support the carousel 72 . a pair of tensioners 78 , 80 serve to keep chain 76 taut . this view also shows , in phantom , the circular rail 62 and a plurality of casters 64 which are positioned at intervals under each of the radial braces supporting carousel 72 . door 18 is movable to open and close opening 17 for loading and unloading . since door 17 it is extremely heavy it is driven by motor 48 or other motor means on rollers 81 along a track . when the door 18 is open the containers may be loaded / unloaded onto or from the turntables by means of a forklift truck . once one turntable is loaded , for example , the carousel is rotated 90 ° to place the next turntable in position for loading , etc . when all turntables are loaded , door 17 is closed carousel 27 is rotated 45 ° to clear door 18 and irradiation may begin . fig3 is a sectional view taken along line 3 — 3 of fig1 and shows details of the drive structure for rotating drive wheels 42 a 42 b 42 c and 42 d which rotate turntables 40 a , 40 b , 40 c and 40 d . the main drive sprocket 60 drives chain 50 to rotate the double sprocket idler assembly 46 . a sprocket coaxial with the driven sprocket of assembly 46 drives a chain 82 which , in turn , drives sprocket 44 b which rotates member 42 b and , hence , turntable 40 b . another sprocket coaxial with sprocket 44 b drives a chain 84 to drive a sprocket 44 c , which , in turn , drives a coaxial sprocket , driving a chain 86 to rotate sprocket 44 d . a second sprocket coaxial with sprocket 44 b drives a chain 88 to rotate a sprocket 44 a . in this way sprockets 44 b , 44 c , 44 d and 44 a serve to rotate members 42 b , 42 c , 42 d and 42 a , respectively , thereby rotating turntables 40 b , 40 c , 40 d and 40 a respectively . when the irradiation is completed the cobalt 60 sources are lowered into the storage cask 76 and door 18 may be opened and the containers 44 removed from the turntables . if there are more containers having materials to be irradiated the containers can be removed and replaced while each turntable is in position adjacent opening 17 . fig4 is a view , partly in section , taken along line 4 — 4 of fig1 . in this view one is looking down on lifting blocks 32 and 34 within the tower 16 . a plurality of cobalt 60 sources are suspended from each of blocks 32 and 34 with one group ( crosshatched ) being suspended from block 32 and another group ( in phantom ) being suspended from block 34 . block 32 is physically positioned above block 34 and carries a group of stainless steel guide tubes 35 having rigid members or rods connected to cobalt 60 sources contained within them . if it is desired to expose one or more containers to only the sources connected to block 32 , for example , block 32 is raised by means of actuator 25 and cable 30 and a corresponding actuator and rods not visible in fig1 . the guide tubes 35 connected to block 32 pass through ports in block 34 as shown in fig6 . if a greater intensity of radiation is desired , both blocks 32 and 34 may be raised to lift all the sources out of storage cask 72 . fig5 is a cross - sectional view taken along line 5 — 5 of fig1 . this view show both sets of source rods within their guide tubes 35 with rods from the groups cross - sectioned differently . fig6 is a fragmentary view on an enlarged scale of a pair of guide tubes 35 one connected to block 32 and the other connected to block 34 ( not shown ). a cobalt 60 source 98 is shown connected to a cable 92 which is connected to block 32 . a second guide tube 35 is secured to block 34 . this view shows that guide tubes 35 connected to block 32 are movable through ports 94 in block 34 to permit the sources connected to block 32 to be raised and lowered by moving through the ports 92 while leaving the guide tubes connected to block 34 stationary . this view also shows a tungsten shielding plug 77 in phantom in an alternate raised position . fig7 is an enlarged fragmentary view partly in section of the circled portion of fig1 . the sprocket 60 drives a larger sprocket 96 which rotates around a bearing 28 . a second large sprocket 100 is connected through chain 82 to drive sprocket 44 b . coaxial with sprocket 44 b is another sprocket 102 which drives sprocket 44 a through chain 88 . the above described embodiments of the present invention are merely descriptive of its principles and are not to be considered limiting . the scope of the present invention instead shall be determined from the scope of the following claims including their equivalents .
a process irradiator includes a heavily shielded , generally cylindrical , housing with a heavily shielded top . a radiation source includes source elements in several tubes extending from the top into a shielded storage cask below the center of the housing floor . a circular track concentrically positioned relative to the track guides a motor - driven carousel carrying a number of turntables which carry material to be irradiated , the turntables being rotatable on their axes . a heavy shielded door provides access to the turntables which are successively rotated on the carousel to a position adjacent the door opening . a lifting structure on the top includes two or more lifting devices which permit selective lifting of the source elements from the storage cask into the housing . interlock controls prevent the door from opening and the carousel from rotating unless all source elements are stored in the storage cask .