referring to the drawings generally and to fig4 and 5 in particular , a powered chair includes a lightweight tubular frame 10 , to opposite sides of which a pair of traction wheels 20 and 21 are mounted for freewheeling rotation by a pair of stub axles 22 and 23 , respectively . a front frame tube 11 extends forward of the traction wheels to support a caster wheel assembly 15 . the tricycle arrangement is especially beneficial when the powered vehicle is operated on non - uniform surfaces , because each of the three wheels is always in contact with the ground . this eliminates the violent ride characteristics of four wheeled , non - suspension , vehicles that result from the transfer of weight to opposite comer pairs of wheels . a contoured , relatively rigid seat 30 is secured to an upright tubular frame member 14 of frame 10 . a battery 69 is supported on the rear of frame 10 . seat 30 and battery 69 are preferably readily removable to enable the powered vehicle to be conveniently stowed in the trunk of a compact size automobile . two small wheels 24 and 25 extend from the rear of frame 10 to prevent the vehicle from rotating about the axis of the traction wheels 20 and 21 when climbing steep hills . under normal operating conditions , wheels 24 and 25 are not in contact with the ground . the caster wheel 16 is the third wheel of the tricycle wheelbase . it should be noted that an alternative to the single caster could be a pair of casters spaced apart on a beam , which is pivotally supported at its center as shown in fig7 . while this arrangement is more complicated than a single caster , it is the functional equivalent of a single caster because it supports the frame at a single pivot point in front of and on center with the traction wheels . the steering and propulsion control systems for the left and right traction wheels are identical and for this reason only the control system for the right traction wheel 20 will be described in detail . as best seen in fig4 and 5 , the control system includes a control arm 50 and a rocker lever 54 , which is secured to a right side upright leg 12 of frame 10 by a pivot 56 . rocker lever 54 carries a brake surface 58 that is located to the rear of pivot 56 and which overlies the periphery of traction wheel 20 . brake surface 58 may comprise any suitable material or surface texture for frictionally engaging traction wheel 20 . a friction roller 60 is secured to a shaft 66 of a centrally disposed motor 65 . friction roller 60 is engageable with the radial periphery of traction wheel 20 for imparting a rotational force thereto , whereas brake surface 58 is engageable with the radial periphery 15 of traction wheel 20 for applying a braking force thereto . the friction roller and brake surface may readily be arranged to engage other portions of traction wheel 20 and the invention should not be limited to engagement with the radial periphery of the traction wheel . it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the friction rollers may comprise any well - known form of driver elements , such as gear wheels and the like , all within the spirit and scope of the present invention . the motor 65 is supported by its own shaft 66 . torque from motor 65 is countered by frame member 14 through a flexible member 67 , as best shown in fig4 . flexible member 67 may comprise a piece of rubber or the like . the angular displacement between shaft 66 and rocker lever 54 is accommodated by a self - aligning bearing 68 . pulling up on control arm 50 results in brake surface 58 being forced into engagement with traction wheel 20 . thus operation of control arm 50 controls the propulsion and braking of traction wheel 20 . similarly , down and up movements of the opposite control arm 51 result in propulsion and braking of traction wheel 21 . for straight - ahead movement of the powered vehicle , both control arms 50 and 51 are pushed down . for turns , only one of the control arms is pushed down . for very sharp turns , the control arms are operated in opposite directions to propel one traction wheel and simultaneously brake the other traction wheel . the powered vehicle is stopped by pulling up on both control arms . when motor 65 is operating , it transmits rotary motion to the friction rollers 60 and 61 . the rocker levers 54 and 55 are sprung to center and with no force applied to the control arms 50 and 51 , there is no engagement between the radial peripheries of traction wheels 20 and 21 and either of the friction rollers 60 and 61 , or either of the brake surfaces 58 and 59 , respectively . in this condition the vehicle is free to coast down hills or to be manually pushed about by an assistant using a push handle 31 that is attached to the upper rear of seat 30 . pushing down on control arm 50 causes rocker lever 54 to rotate slightly about pivot 56 and force friction roller 60 into engagement with traction wheel 20 . as control arm 50 is moved , a limit switch is activated by a cam ( neither of which is shown ) which switches power from the battery 69 to the motor 65 . caster wheel 16 is freely rotatable and orients itself the directional movements generated by the traction wheels 20 and 21 . the control arms 50 and 51 may be arranged to fold down for stowage . a simile spring - loaded pin and hole locking arrangement would be suitable for this purpose . as illustrated in fig6 the present invention may be adapted to provide power assistance when used as a walk - behind vehicle . this use is implemented by locking the control arms 50 and 51 in a generally upright position and inserting a set of control arm extensions 70 and 71 into the ends of control arms 50 and 51 . this arrangement applies to users incapable of controlling the inventive powered vehicle themselves . this makes it possible for an assistant to effortlessly walk behind as they steer , brake and propel the powered vehicle . the inventive powered vehicle is highly stable due to its tricycle configuration and traction steering . during a hard turn , with one traction wheel being driven and the other traction wheel being braked , any tendency to go into an unstable ( tipping ) condition is obviated due to the action of centrifugal force in automatically liking the braking traction wheel on the inside of the turning circle . this action relieves the braking traction of the inner traction wheel , thereby automatically broadening the turning radius and counteracting any instability . while broadening of the turning radius could be a detriment ( for example , in an avoidance maneuver ) the restriction of the invention to use on low speed vehicles insures that a full stop can be accomplished in a very short distance . for example if a user tries to turn quickly and the turning radius automatically broadens , the user can readily bring the vehicle to a full stop in a very short distance . what has been described is a novel low speed powered vehicle that is maneuverable and highly stable . it is recognized that numerous changes to the described embodiment of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from its true spirit and scope . the invention is to be limited only as defined in the claims .
a stable , low speed , powered tricycle with traction steering , includes a pair of freely rotatable traction wheels and corresponding pairs of friction rollers and braking surfaces that are selectively engageable therewith to effect propulsion and steering of the vehicle . a caster wheel supports the front of the vehicle frame . this forms a tricycle rolling system that maintains stability by automatically broadening a turn to obviate tipping .