in a first embodiment of the invention , conditioned air 5 , represented by arrows , is supplied to the air inlet 12 of an automotive seat cushion 10 as shown in fig1 . the conditioned air 5 passes through the main channel 14 and is divided via the manifold 20 into subchannels 16 , 17 , as shown in fig1 . the air inlet 12 is located on the entrance side 22 , and is opposite the occupant side 24 of the seat cushion 10 . the air inlet 12 , the channel walls 15 , and a portion of the subchannel walls 26 , 27 are substantially formed by standard automotive seat cushion foam material 30 . the subchannel walls 36 , 37 nearest the occupant side 24 of the seat cushion 10 preferably are formed by reticulated foam 40 . the reticulated foam is encapsulated by a layer of automotive upholstery 42 that is preferably air permeable . the conditioned air 5 passes from the subchannel regions into the reticulated foam layer 40 . within the reticulated foam , the conditioned air is free to move both vertically and horizontally relative to the occupant side 24 of the seat cushion 10 . the conditioned air then exits the reticulated foam through the automotive upholstery to impinge the occupant , wherein the occupant is in close proximity to the occupant side 24 of the cushion 10 . in this manner , the occupant is heated or cooled , as desired , by the conditioned air . fig4 and 5 illustrate an alternate embodiment of the invention . general structural details of the alternate embodiment of fig4 and 5 are generally similar to the embodiment described in fig1 . fig4 shows a perspective view of the channels 16 , 17 , 18 that have been cut into the foam 30 . the reticulated foam layer 40 and the automotive upholstery layer 42 have been removed from fig4 for clarity . this alternate embodiment provides for a wide piece of adhesive - backed material 50 , which forms the occupant side of the subchannel wall 17 . in this embodiment , the adhesive - backed material covers the occupant side 24 of the seat cushion foam 30 , such that the subchannels 16 , 17 , 18 are completely covered . the adhesive - backed material is suitably permeable to air , which may include a plurality of perforations , as required , throughout the adhesive - backed material . this allows for air to pass from the subchannels to the reticulated foam 40 . the adhesive - backed material assists in resisting the tendency of the subchannels to crush when the occupant is seated upon the cushion . the adhesive - backed material may also provide for additional occupant comfort . for example , the adhesive - backed material assists in making the subchannels substantially unnoticeable to the occupant &# 39 ; s hand when feeling the seat . the subchannels are unnoticeable because the channels are structurally covered by the adhesive - backed material . therefore , for example , the penetration by a hand into the sub - channels , and penetration of the reticulated foam layer and seat covering into the subchannels when depressed by the occupant or the occupant &# 39 ; s hand , is prevented . this provides a structural benefit as well as an aesthetic one , wherein the adhesive - backed material assists in the occupant &# 39 ; s lack of awareness of the subchannels in the seat cushion . an alternative embodiment to prevent potential crushing , is that the walls of the channels , manifold , and subchannels formed by the automotive seat cushion foam 30 can be augmented . the as seen in fig5 a , the walls 27 are augmented with , for example , stiffeners or liners 41 placed cooperatively with the walls 27 or affixed to the walls 27 , as desired , in order to provide additional stiffness to the walls 27 . also , stiffeners can be placed within the cavities of the channels , manifold , and subchannels to resist crushing . the stiffeners 41 would preferably have suitable holes or paths 43 for the air flow to pass through , such that there is not a substantial resistance to air flow . while the wide perforated or air permeable adhesive - backed material is not preferably used in the practice of this invention , a tape such as the one described , or other alternate materials , may be used . for example , gluing a very porous material , such as a strong cheesecloth - like material , over the subchannels would be another manner of providing extra strength or support to the subchannels . if a adhesive - backed layer is used , it is preferable that it have relatively minimal stretch characteristics , as well as being more porous , relative to the foam seat cushion material 30 . the reticulated foam is preferably polyurethane or the like , with approximately 20 pores per inch ( ppi ). other porosities , such as 10 ppi , and 30 or 40 ppi , are also acceptable . currently , 20 ppi is the preferred foam type , as there is a slight drop off in the breathability of the foam above 20 ppi . another alternate embodiment of the invention is shown in fig2 and 3 . this alternate embodiment provides for a different configuration of the air channel distribution system . conditioned air 105 , represented by arrows , enters the seat cushion 110 at air inlet 112 . air is guided along a plurality of lower main channels 114 . the lower main channel walls 115 are formed by the surface of a resilient material 160 which separates the seat cushion 110 from the seat cushion springs 162 . the upper main channel walls 116 are formed by seat cushion foam material 130 . air is then guided into the respective manifold channels 121 . the manifold channel walls 126 are substantially formed by the seat cushion foam 130 . the conditioned air is next directed into the manifold area 120 where the air is further divided into the respective subchannels 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 . from this point on , the air travels a path substantially similar the air path described in the first embodiment , i . e ., the conditioned air passes through the reticulated foam layer 140 and through the preferably air permeable automotive upholstery 142 in order to cool or heat the occupant . as in the first embodiment , the automotive upholstery 142 encapsulates the reticulated foam layer 140 . the reticulated foam layer forms the occupant side 124 subchannel boundary wall 145 of the respective subchannel 135 and performs a similar wall forming function for the other subchannels . fig6 shows yet another embodiment in the practice of this invention . seat cushion foam 30 again forms the lower walls 26 , 29 of the subchannels 16 , 19 . the upper subchannel walls 36 , 39 , are the part of the subchannel which is in closest proximity to the occupant side 24 of the seat cushion section 61 , as shown in fig6 . sewn stitching 62 is used to collapse the reticulated foam layer 40 and the automotive upholstery fabric 42 through the subchannels 16 , 19 and into the seat cushion foam 30 . by using the stitching 62 to collapse the seat covering , a “ valley ” 44 is formed in the seat cushion . the valley &# 39 ; s convergence is formed by the sewn stitching 62 . this valley provides a path for the exiting conditioned air to travel along , in order to provide comfort for the occupant . this valley provides for an additional path for the conditioned air 5 through the reticulated foam layer and the automotive seat covering to the occupant of the seat . in another alternate embodiment , the reticulated foam layer 40 may be omitted , and the seams 62 used as the primary diffusion areas for directing the conditioned air to the occupant from the subchannels via the valleys . the sewn seam diffusion area , or valley embodiment , may be used with any of the alternate embodiments described in connection with this invention , either with or without foam layers such as the currently preferred reticulated foam layer . the seat coverings or automotive upholstery used in any of the described embodiments is preferably of an air permeable fabric or synthetic . however , other materials can be used , such as leather . to help facilitate air flow through alternate materials , such as leather , the sewn seam diffusion techniques described can be employed . preferably , materials such as leather are perforated with small holes , in addition to the stitching holes of the sewn seam diffusion technique , to facilitate the air flow . for example , the holes can be approximately the same size or larger than the holes made by the stitching of automotive seat coverings . in addition , the holes can be used together with the sewn seam diffusion techniques . alternate sized holes , either larger or smaller , can also be used . however , the smaller the holes , assuming the number of holes remains constant , the more the cooling will rely upon conduction rather than convection for cooling the occupant . as the holes become smaller , the convective air flow is proportionately reduced . fig7 and 8 show yet another alternate embodiment of the invention . as schematically shown in fig7 , conditioned air 205 , represented by arrows , enters the air inlet 212 of the seat configuration 210 . the conditioned air is then divided among a plurality of channels 214 at a manifold area 220 . the conditioned air travels along the channels 214 from the manifold area 220 to the foot outlet 217 or the head outlet 218 . as shown in fig7 , the foot outlet 217 exhausts near the occupant &# 39 ; s feet . however , the head outlet 218 exhausts out the “ back ”, or non - occupant side of the seat . alternately , the seat may provide for a head outlet that exhausts on the occupant side 224 , preferably near the neck area of the occupant . in this alternate embodiment , air exiting at the head and foot outlets facilitate cooling in these respective locations of an occupant that is in close proximity to the occupant side 224 . conditioned air 205 is able to cool the occupant of the seat , via an air flow path through the seat fabric , as well . conditioned air traveling via the channels 214 is directed at and near the occupant through an air permeable seat covering 242 . a reticulated foam layer is omitted in this embodiment , though it can be added , if desired . fig8 shows a plurality of air channels 214 which are formed in the seat cushion foam 230 . this sectional view also shows a side support “ wing ” 239 of the seat , wherein the air channels do not occupy this region of the seat cushion foam . however , in an alternate embodiment , the channels can extend even into these areas of the seat , if desired . yet another embodiment of the foam air distribution channels as schematically shown in fig7 is shown in fig9 . here the foam seat cushion 230 is of a foam density which is less than the foam density of the air channel forming foam 231 . air channels 215 formed by the denser air channel foam 231 , cooperating with the automotive upholstery 242 , is used in place of the air channels 214 as schematically shown in fig7 . an adhesive may be used to bond the automotive upholstery 242 to the air channel foam 231 at bond line 157 . a relatively non - permeable barrier 258 , constructed of a synthetic material , can be placed between the air channel foam 231 and the seat cushion foam 230 to provide for a pneumatic , moisture , or thermal barrier , as desired . another embodiment of the denser air channel foam 231 of fig9 is shown in fig1 a and 10b . inlet conditioned air is supplied to a first plurality of channels 270 , which are oriented relatively perpendicular to the plurality of channels 214 , 215 as previously shown in fig7 , 8 , and 9 , and are also perpendicular to the second plurality of channels 272 , as shown in fig1 a . the second plurality of channels 272 are oriented substantially similar to the plurality of channels as shown in fig7 , 8 , and 9 . channels 270 cooperate with channels 272 , such that the conditioned air is able to pass from the first plurality of channels 270 to the second plurality of channels 272 via a plurality of overlapping common manifold areas 274 . a common manifold area 274 preferably occurs at each intersection of a first channel with a second channel . the relatively dense air channel forming foam 231 of fig1 a and 10b can be substituted for the foam 231 as shown in fig9 , and may be used with or without the non - permeable barriers , as well as with or without the adhesive layers . the permeable automotive upholstery can be augmented or replaced , as desired , with a stitching embodiment as an air flow path to the occupant , as previously described . the air channel forming foam 231 of the embodiments shown in fig9 , 10 a , and 10 b is preferably approximately 12 pounds per cubic foot and the seat cushion 230 foam is preferably approximately 6 pounds per cubic foot . however , other foam densities can be substituted for either type of foam , and other materials can be substituted for the various foam types . any of the foam or foam - like materials described may be suitably cut , laser sculpted , molded , injected , stitched , glued , bonded or other such techniques as are known , in order to achieve the shapes desired to practice this invention . if desired , an alternate embodiment of the seat as shown in fig1 can be constructed for use in , for example , public transportation systems , such as a subway , bus , or other passenger - carrying vehicle . the seat &# 39 ; s foam 30 of fig1 is replaced with a substantially stiff material , such as fiberglass reinforced abs . the stiff “ cushion ” member preferably has air channels molded or cut into its structure . at least partially encapsulating the stiff “ cushion ” member is a substantially resilient member , preferably formed of a reticulated foam layer or the like . if desired , an air - permeable structural wall , such as a adhesive tape with holes , or a plastic screen with holes , can be placed between the reticulated foam layer and the stiff cushion or plastic seat . by adding this structural screen or tape , it is more difficult for an occupant to feel the channels in the stiff materials with either their body while they are sitting , or with their hands . this screen acts in a similar manner as the adhesive backed material described previously . the seat arrangement is covered so as to substantially encapsulate the plastic channel cushion , the plastic screen and the reticulated foam , for example , with seat covering material similar to that previously described . the seat components can be assembled via stitching , screwing , bonding , gluing , cutting , and other means of attachment as is known . the practice of the invention disclosed herein provides an easy and preferable means with which to construct a variable temperature seat . this provides for a convenient manner for environmentally comforting the seat &# 39 ; s occupant . while only preferred embodiments of the invention are described herein in detail , the invention is not limited thereby . it is believed that the advantages and improved results of the invention will be apparent from the foregoing description . it will be apparent that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as sought to be defined in the following claims .
a seating construction with a plurality of plenums into which is received temperature conditioned air . the air passes through the seat via a plurality of channels formed in the foam of the seat cushion . the air then migrates through a reticulated foam layer that is itself covered with an air permeable layer of material . the reticulated foam and stitching of the seat fabric facilitate diffusion of the air from the foam channel conduits . the air then convectively circulates against and near the occupant of the seat to facilitate climate control around the occupant .